DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 https://archive.org/details/historyofdakotag21curt HISTORY OF Dakota and Goodhue Counties MINNESOTA I llusiraied EDITOR-IN-CHIEF FRANKLYN CURTISS -WEDGE CONTRIBUTORS AND REVISERS Hon. Francis M. Crosby; Prof. C. W. Meyer; Rev. Patrick Cunningham; Thomas C. Hodgson; James D. Hoskins; Rev. William Eversman; Rev. Robert Schlinkert; General W. G. Le Due; Warren Upham, Ph. D.; W. M. Svveney, M. D.; Jens K. Grondahl ; C. A. Rasmussen; Julius Boraas, M.L.; F. W. Kalfahs; Edward W. Schmidt, M. A.; Mrs. Julia B. Nelson; E. Norelius, D. D.; George C. Wellner, M. D.; John C. Applegate; Ralph W. Holmes; Dwight C. Pierce; Henry Halvorson; Rev. James H. Gaughan ; Henry R. Cobb; Edgar F. Davis; Mrs. James Duff, and many others VOLUME II CHICAGO H. C. COOPER, JR., & CO. 1910 TO THE STURDY PIONEERS OF DAKOTA AND GOODHUE COUNTIES WHO, AMID INNUMERABLE HARDSHIPS, BLAZED THE WAY FOR THE PRESENT GENERATIONS, AND TO THEIR DESCENDANTS AND SUCCESSORS THIS WORK IS DEDICATED BY ALL WHO HAVE ASSISTED IN ITS CONSTRUCTION. PREFACE It is with a feeling of considerable pride and pleasure that the publishers present this history for the approval of the people of Dakota and Goodhue counties. The undertaking has not been an easy one and the difficulties have been many, so many indeed that this work would not have been possible without the liberal assist- ance of the citizens of the counties. The chief contributors have given freely of their time and talent ; business men, church officials, fraternity and association officers, manufacturers, pro- fessional men and bankers, often at great personal sacrifice, have laid aside their regular duties to write of their communities and special interests ; educators have written of the schools, and men and women of all walks of life have willingly given all the in- formation at their command regarding themselves, their families, their interests and their localities. To all of these tlxe readers of this work owe a lasting debt of gratitude and to each and every one the publishers extend their heartfelt thanks. In planning for this work the publishers hoped to prepare a narrative which should tell the story of this rich and prosperous vicinity from the time when it first became a geologic reality, through the years when the first explorers pushed their way up the river and into the wilderness, down to the present time when cities and villages dot the landscape and comfortable homes and fertile farms are seen on nearly every quarter section. In handling the vast amount of material gathered for this work it has been the aim of the entire staff to select such matter as is authentic, reliable and interesting. Doubtless facts have been included that many will deem of little moment, but these same facts to others may be of the deepest import. It may be, also, that some facts have been omitted that many of the readers would like to see included. To such readers we can only say that to publish every incident of the life of the counties would be to issue a work of many volumes, and in choosing such material as would come within the limits of two volumes, we believe that the matter selected is that which will prove of greatest interest to the greatest number of readers, and also that which is most worthy v VI PREFACE ol r being handed down to future generations, who in these volumes in far distant years may read of their large-souled, rugged-bodied ancestors and predecessors who gave up the settled peace of older communities to brave the rigors of pioneer endeavor. A few omissions may be due to the dereliction of some of the people of these counties themselves, as in many instances repeated requests for information have met with no response.- In such cases, information gathered from other sources, though authentic, may have lacked copious detail. Before passing hasty judgment on apparent errors, one should consider carefully, not relying on tradition or memory. In many cases we have found that person’s memories are faulty and tradition erroneous, when measured by the standard of official records; even in the case of comparatively recent events, while in many instances families are under the impression that their forebears arrived in the country long before it was possible for them to do so. In such cases, we have found it advisable to follow the records. Among the books which have been consulted and in many in- stances quoted are: The History of Goodhue County, published in 1879: J. W. Hancock’s History of Goodhue County; W. IT. Mitchell's Geographical and Statistical Sketch of the Past and Present of Goodhue County ; History of St. Paul and Ramsey County by J. Fletcher Williams; the various publications of the Minnesota Historical Society ; the Legislative Manual of the State of Minnesota; The History of Minnesota, by Edward W. Neill; Minnesota in Three Centuries; The History of Scandinavians in the United States, by 0. N. Nelson; The Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota, by N. II. Winchell, assisted by War- ren Upbam ; The Memoirs of Explorations in the Basin of the Mississippi, by J. V. Brower; the Norsemen in America, by Mar- tin Ulvestad; The History of Dakota County published in 1881; the volumes containing the Acts of Congress; and the volumes containing the Acts of the Minnesota Territorial and. State Legis- latures ; also various other standard historical, reference and bio- graphical works, as well as many, original manuscripts. The biographies have all been gathered with care from those most interested, and with a few exceptions have, been revised and corrected by the subject of the biography or by a relative or friends. This, however, refers to the dates, and sequence of events, all personal estimates being the work of the editors and inserted in biographies only after consultation with other mem- bers of the staff. That this history is faultless we do not presume ;, it is prob- ably not within the power of man to arrange a work of this kind without mistakes of one sort or another ; that it will meet with the unqualified approval of all, we dare not expect, but we trust that the merits of the history will overbalance any short- comings that may be discovered. Our association with the people of Dakota and Goodhue coun- ties has been a most pleasant one. We have conscientiously per- formed our task and in placing the history in the hands of those whom it most concerns our hope is that we have done our work well. H. C. COOPER. JR., & CO. CONTENTS CHAPTER I. NATURAL PHENOMENA. pauk Location — Area — Water Courses — Surface Features — Ancient River Beds — Elevations — Soil — Forest Trees — Artesian Wells — Sources of Wealth — Native Animals 1 CHAPTER II. GEOLOGIC AGES. Formation of the Earth — Cooling of the Crust — The Various Periods as Outlined by Scholars — Appearance of Vegetation — First Animal Life — Geologic Formations of Goodhue County — Influence of These Dis- tance Periods on Modern Existence 11 CHAPTER III. EVIDENCE OF THE MOUNDS. The First Human Inhabitants of Goodhue County — Indications That They Were Indians — Location and Shape of the Mounds — Their Purpose — What Excavation Has Revealed — Fort Sweney — Stone Cairns — The Lowland Mounds — Reign of the Sioux — By Edward W. Schmidt 18 CHAPTER IV. EARLY DAYS. Possession by Indians — The Dakotas — Traditions and Opinions — Col. Col- vill’s Views — Origin of Lame ‘‘ R-M vViuj — The Raidsson- Groseillers Allegations — No Proof That These Men Ever Saw Goodhue County — Hennepin Lands at Red Wing’s Village — Duluth Passes the Village — LeSueur at Prairie Island — Fort Beauharnois and Its Suc- cessors — Carver Passes Through Wisconsin Channel — Pike and His Narrative — Meets Red Wing and Calls Him by His English Name — Leavenworth — First Steamers — Denton and Gavin — Aiton and Han- cock — Tribute to Rev. Hancock — Early Schooling — The Pioneers Arrive — By Dr. W. M. Sweney 33 CHAPTER AT FORTS AT FRONTENAC. Landing of Count Frontenae — Building of Fort Beauharnois by Du Boucher in 1727 — Work of the Jesuits — Disastrous Freshets — Capture of Father Guingas — Linctot ’s Stockade — St. Pierre and His Meeting With Washington — Abandonment of Stockade — Marin’s Fort in 1750 - — Final Evacuation by the French — Modern Evidences 62 CHAPTER VI. UNDER EUROPEAN KINGS. French and English Claims — Spanish Rule — The Louisiana Purchase — A Part of Louisiana Territory — Under Successive Jurisdiction of Mis- souri. Michigan, Wisconsin and Iowa — No Man’s Land — General Sibley’s Duties — Minnesota a Territory — In Statehood Days — A Full- Fledged County 71 XI CONTEXTS xii CHAPTER VII. INDIAN TREATIES. page rie du Chien in 1825 — Second Treaty in 1830 — Treaty of 1837 — Doty Treaty in 1841 — Treaty of Mendota in 1851 — Land Open to Settle- ment — Prairie Island Indians 74 CHAPTER VIII. INDIAN TROUBLES. Half-Breed Tract — The Location and Purpose — Issue of Scrip — Difficulties Which Ensued — Threats and Recourse to Washington Finally Settle the Matter — Spirit Lake Massacre — Investigation by Red Wing Men — Uprising of 1862 90 CHAPTER IX. BEGINNING OP THE COUNTY. Boundary Lines Given — First Election — "Judge” Young and His Ballot Box — Imported Voters — County Officers Appointed — First Session of Board — Court House Resolution — School Districts — A Few Early Ses- sions— Court House Contract — 1849-1858 97 CHAPTER X. TOWNSHIP SYSTEM. An Experiment in County Government — Members of First Board of Super- visors — Two Chairmen — Party Feeling High — Sheriff Preserves Order — Another Version — Court House Trouble — Meeting of Second Board — Resumption of County Commissioner System — History of Court House — County Poor Farm — Political History 110 CHAPTER XI. DR. SWENEY’S NARRATIVE. Denton and Gavin — Aiton and Hancock — Bush, Bullard, Post, Snow and Gould — Potter, Young and Day — Sweney, Freeborn and McGinnis — Friendliness of the Indians — First Winter — Arrival of the Scandi- navians — Digging Potatoes — Fishing in Stream and River — A Sporting Clergyman — Some of the Indian Braves — Farming in the Old Indian Cornfield — Squaws as Farmhands ; , . . 120 CHAPTER XII. TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGES. Organization and Original Names — Belle Creek — Belvidere — Burnside — Cherry Grove — Central Point — Early Settlement 142 CHAPTER XIII. CANNON FALLS. First Settlement — Platting the Village — Village and City Incorporated — Water Power and Mills — Fraternities — Hotels — Newspaper — Modern Cannon Falls — Industries — Business Houses — Schools — Commercial Club — Banks — Cannon Falls Township — Early History — Veterans of the War 159 CONTENTS xiii CHAPTER XIV. TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGES. page Featherstone — Florence — Frontenac — Goodhue Township and Village — Advantages and Growth — Holden — Kenyon Township and Village — Modern Progress — Leon — Minneola 169 CHAPTER XV. TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGES. Pine Island Township and Village — Progressive and Prosperous — Roseoe — Stanton — Vasa — Wacoota — Wanamingo — Wanamingo Village ■ — Warsaw — Dennison Village — Welch 206 CHAPTER XVI. ZUMBROTA. Zumbrota Village — Its Situation and Advantages — Modern Zumbrota — Water, Sewer and Public Halls — Fire Department — Industries — Banks ' — Hotels — Mills and Elevators — Creamery — Fraternities — Village His- tory and Officers — T. P. Kellett ’s Speech — Military Company — -Village Schools — Public Library — Zumbrota Township — Township Officers Since Early Days — Soldiers from This Township 234 CHAPTER XVII. COUNTY SCHOOLS. First School Taught — First District Organized — Anecdotes of the Early Days — Statistics — Summer Schools — Library Association • — High Schools — Church Schools — City Superintendents — County Superin- ■- tendents — Sunday School Work — Hamline University — Red Wing Seminary — Villa Marie — Lutheran Ladies’ Seminary — Orphans’ Home — State Training School — Business Colleges — By Prof. Julius Boraas. 271 CHAPTER XVIII. POSTAL HISTORY. Red Wing — First Post Master — Stage Coach Days — Growth and Progress — Other County Officers — Discontinued County Officers — New Federal Building — Statistics 298 CHAPTER XIX. THE PHYSICIAN. His Proud Achievements— His Solemn Oath — His Ethics — The True Physi- cian — His Reward — His Delicate Relation to the Human Family — His Inventions and Discoveries Free Gifts — The Pioneer Doctor — His Character — His Services — His Limitations — The March of Medicine — Biographies — A Roll of Honor — The Goodhue County Medical Society — The Twentieth Century — Preventive Medicine — The Physician as an Educator — By George C. Wellner, M. D 315 CHAPTER XX. SONS OF THE VIKINGS. Discovery of America — Modern Norwegian Immigration— Mathias Peder- sen Ringdahl — Early Settlers — Anecdotes — Officeholders — Newspapers — Norwegians as Pioneers — Their Present Status 333 XIV CONTEXTS CHAPTER XNI. SWEDISH SETTLEMENT. page Early Colonies — Coming to Minnesota — Mattson, Willard and Norelius — Story of the Early Swedes Told by Dr. Norelius — The Churches at Red Wing and Vasa — Reminiscences by Early Settlers — Character- istics of the Swedes 340 CHAPTER XXII. THE GERMANS. Origin of Race — Colonial Germans — Prominent Teutons — Germans in Good- hue County — Early Settlers in Various Townships — German Soldiers — German Officeholders — St. John’s Hospital and Training School — German Industries — German Churches — Written by Prof. E. W. Kalfahs 365 CHAPTER XXIII. LAND OFFICE RECORDS. Government Records of Those Who Took Claims in Goodhue County Be- fore 1858 — A List of Hardy Pioneers, Nearly All of Whom Are Now Dead — The Year and Month in Which They Came and the Section, Township and Range in Which They Settled — Many of Their Claims Still in the Possession of Their Families 384 CHAPTER XXIY. GOODHUE COUNTY CHURCHES. Religious Influence — Norwegian Lutheran — Norwegian Methodist — Swedish Luthera n — English Lutheran — Swedish Mission — German Churches — German Methodism — Swedish Methodists — Roman Catholic — Congregational — Presbyterian — Episcopal Baptis:— Swedish Baptist. 404 CHAPTER XX Y. ANECDOTES AND ADVENTURES. Address by Judge Wilder — Office Experiences — A New Setting to an Old Tale — Pleasures of the Early Days — On Thin Ice — C. J. F. Smith ’s Adventures — His Arrival — An Early Journey — Writings of the Rev. J. W. Hancock — Indians and Whisky — Difficulties of Travel — A Canoe Trip on Land — The Mysterious Wild Girl — Oil Wells in Red Wing — Coal and Gold Also Found 458 CHAPTER XXYI. OFFICERS AND POPULATION. List of Men Who Have Represented Goodhue County at St. Paul Since Territorial Days — List of County Officers — Men From This County Who Have Occupied Positions of Higher Trust and Honor — Popula- tion of the County by Nationality and Occupation, With List of Growth Since the Earliest Census 478 CHAPTER XXVII. CALAMITIES. Terrible Cyclone — Vasa the Greatest Sufferer — “Sea Wing’’ Disaster — List of Those Who Perished — The Survivors — Terrible Blow to the Whole Countv — ‘ ‘ Galena ’ ’ Burned at the Levee in Red Wing — Shooting of Chief Daily and Officer Peterson — Red Wing Fires in By- gone Days 490 CONTEXTS xv CHAPTER XXVIII. MILITARY HISTORY. page Hirst War Meeting — Colonel Colvill First Man to Enlist — Mustering in of First Companies — First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth and Tenth Volunteer Infantry — First, Second, Brackett’s and Independent Cavalry — Heavy Artillery — Light Artillery — Colonel Hubbard’s Bravery — Colonel Colvill ’s Charge — Spanish- American War — History of Local Company— Complete Roster of Soldiers and Offi- cers from Goodhue County in the Philippines 507 CHAPTER XXIX. REW WING AS A HAMLET. Origin of the Village — First Settlement — Rev. Hancock’s Arrival — The Early Settlers — Claim Hunters — Incidents of Village Life — Great Events of Those Days — Burning the Indian Tepees — First Farming — First Stores — First Churches — Pioneer Politics — Principal Events from 1852 to 1859 — Business Directory Published in 1869 — Poem by Julia B. Nelson 529 CHAPTER XXX. THROUGH FIFTY-TWO YEARS. Principal Events in the Government, of Red Wing Since Its Incorpora- tion — List of Mayors, Aldermen and Other Officers — Railroads, Tele- graph, Street Car and Other Franchises — Sewerage System — Water Works — Fire Department — Public Buildings — Bonds and Improve- ments — Memorials — Red Wing Township — Veterans 550 CHAPTER XXXI. “THE DESIRABLE CITY.’’ Its Many Advantages — Desirability as a Home City — The Carnegie- Lawther Library — T. B. Sheldon Memorial Auditorium — Red Wing Civic League — Fire Department - — Water Works — Ferries — Wagon Bridge — Associations and Clubs — Banks and Banking — Business and Professional — Red Wing Fraternities 579 CHAPTER XXXII. RED WING INDUSTRIES. Busy Manufacturing Plants That Furnish the Foundation for Red Wing’s Prosperity — Pottery and Sewer Pipe Making — Malting Houses — Shoes and Shoe Pacs — Hats — Furniture — Iron Works — Advertising Novelties — Lighting Facilities — Milling Concerns — Lime Burning — Linseed Products — Sand — Telephones — Job Printing — Utilizing the Forests — Brick Making — Other Concerns — Edited by Jens K. Grondahl 616 CHAPTER XXXIII. MODERN RED WING. Its Advantages, Opportunities and Wealth — Some of the Things Which Have Made It Famous — History of the Various Newspapers Which Have Been Published Here — Associations and Societies- — Miscel- laneous 645 CHAPTER XXXIV. LIVES OF LEADING MEN. Principal Events in the Careers of Pioneers Who Have Now Passed Away — Biographies of Men Who Are Still Active in Business, Pro- fessional and Commercial Interests — Gathered with Care from Various Sources, Carefully Compiled and Submitted for Approval 666 \ J HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY CHAPTER I. NATURAL PHENOMENA. Location— Area — Water Courses — Surface Features — Ancient River Beds — Elevations — Soil — Forest Trees — Artesian Wells — Sources of Wealth — Native Animals. On its splendid course from Itasca to the Gulf, the mighty Mississippi passes no fairer land than that which it touches from Prairie Island to Central Point, where, guarded on the north by towering bluffs and broken here and there by picturesque valleys, Goodhue county stretches to the southward in undulating prairies. Unusually blessed by nature with deep soil find abundant natural resources, and endowed with a wealth of prehistoric and historic lore, it is a fitting home for the sturdy people who have here made their dwelling place. Hard-working, progressive and pros- perous, they have appreciated the gifts which nature has spread for them, and have added their own toil to the work of the ele- ments, making the county one of the garden spots of the earth. On the hills graze cattle and sheep, while the level lands respond to the efforts of the spring-time sower and planter with a wealth of harvest in the summer and autumn. On nearly every quarter section is reared a comfortable home and commodious barns, while from every hill top are visable the churches and schools wherein the people worship the Giver of all Gifts and educate their children. The county seat city is known for its progres- siveness in all parts of the world, and the busy villages and hamlets have had their share in the growth of the county by furnishing a shipping and trading point for the product of the farms. Thus blessed by God and beloved by man, the county 2 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY today stands for all that is ideal in American life, and from year to year is forging ahead to still wider influence and more extended opportunity. Goodhue county is situated on the Mississippi river and Lake Pepin, and is bounded on the northwest by Dakota county, on the west hv Rice county, on the south by Dodge county and a small portion of Olmsted county, and on the east and southeast by Wabasha, county. Its AYisconsin neighbor is Pierce county. The population in 1905 was 31,628, and this has probably been increased by several thousand since that date. It is a large and important county, ranking among the first in the state in wealth, size, population, education, progressiveness and prosperity. It contains twenty-three townships and Red Wing, which is outside of any township jurisdiction. Its total area is 78-1.79 square miles, or 502,265.62 acres ; the water area being only 20.21 square miles, or 12,936.06 acres. . The surface waters of the county all reach the Mississippi river in an easterly or northeasterly course, descending from the height of 1,250 feet above the sea in Kenyon, to 665 feet in Lake Pepin, a drop of nearly 600 feet. The chief of these tributary streams are the Cannon, with its southern arm, the Little Cannon, and the north and north-middle branches of the Zumbro. Belle creek, another branch of the Cannon river, occupies an important valley, running northward from near the center of the county. Spring creek. Hay creek and AVells creek, though not large streams, are important agents in defining the topography of the county, and have subterranean sources of supply which keep them at a nearly uniform stage of water and afford valuable water powers. Thesd water powers have in the past been utilized to a greater or less extent, and at the present time afford the motive power for many mills. Their use in generating electricity has also been considered. The county has no lakes. There are a great many large springs issuing from the banks of the streams, giving clear, pure water, which are dependent on the impervious nature of the rocky strata. Some of the tributaries of Belle and of Wells creeks issue from the rock walls of the valley, having size sufficient, in some instances, to afford available water power for machinery. The topography of the county has from time to time been made the subject of careful study. The high prairies in the cen- tral and southwestern portions present a strong contrast with the hilly tracts in the northern and eastern. The former are broad, undulating, and somewhat monotonous. The winds find no nat- ural obstacles, and the exposed traveler can retire to no sheltered nooks for protection. The latter are broken by frequent and abrupt hills, which rise, with some sheltering timber, from two to HISTORY OF GOODHUE COLUX TY 3 five hundred feet above the adjoining valleys. The transition between these extremes is gradual, and is due to a variety of causes. Some of the deep valleys of the northeastern part of the county penetrate, in their uppermost sources, far within the flat and monotonous areas of the county. Such are the valleys of the Little Cannon and of Belle Creek. The north fork of the Zumbro, which entirely crosses the county from west to east, in its southern portion, introduces an agreeable diversity of surface westward from Zumbrota, which otherwise would be one of mere open and nearly level prairie. The north middle fork has the same effect near the southern border of the county, about six miles further south. The townships of Pine Island, Roscoe, Cherry Grove, Kenyon, the central portion of Holden, the northern half of Wanamingo and Minneola, and much of the area of Warsaw, Leon and Belle Creek, also some of Yasa. Featherston and Good- hue, are included in this higher portion of undulating prairie. The uplands of the most elevated portions of the county are from 1,150 to 1,250 feet above the'sea. The streams in those, portions are but little below that area. They gradually work to lower and lower levels, becoming larger by springs and territories, until they reach the level of Lake Pepin, which is 662 feet above the sea. At the same time the uplands that immediately adjoin these streams, even the Mississippi valley itself, do not partake of this gradual slope toward the Mississippi. The Mississippi bluffs are from 1,000 to 1.100 feet above the sea, or only about 150 feet lower than the average elevation in the southwestern part of the county. In Stanton. Cannon Falls and Yasa, rounded or elongated knobs and ridges rise abruptly from the plains to the height of about one hundred and fifty feet, and to a certain extent the same features may be seen in Welch, Burnside, Red Wing, Featherston, Hay Creek and Florence. But in the latter town- ships the knolls are larger and higher. In those vastly remote ages, so remote that the passage of time since then can only be vaguely estimated and expressed in terms of thousands of years, when nature, by the exertion of her forces, Avas preparing the earth for the habitation of humankind, occurred a period known as the glacial epoch, by reason that a large part of the earth Avas covered with vast fields of solid ice* many hundreds of feet deep. With the melting of this ice were formed vast seas and streams in Avhich floated huge icebergs, composed both of stone and ice, Avhicli plowed out the Amlleys which are noAV dry land, and Avrote their evidences in scratches upon the rocks, and gradually melting, left various deposits of mud and graAml in the turbulent Avaters. On the shrinkage of the high waters of the glacial epoch, numerous streams Avere dried, 4 HI ST OK Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY old channels were abandoned, and the hastening currents made deeper cuts in the gravel and loam, which they themselves had previously deposited there. The location of these old streams, some of which were dried up, or changed their courses thousands of years ago, forms an interesting subject for conjecture. Colonel William Colvill during his lifetime, after long stucl.f, suggested the course of some of these old streams in the following words : “Hay creek, going upstream, carried one of these currents. The Trout brook, whose branches came down through those mag- nificent gorges, now followed by the roads leading up to Feath- erston, came at the old tannery, on to the ground now held by Hay creek. The bluffs below the tannery, on that side, are a con- tinuation of the Trout brook bluffs, and beyond the range of Hay creek at any time. At the then mouth of Trout brook, on the river, struck in the current, and soon broke across the narrow and low divide, into Hay creek, followed along its valley to the mill. Section 12, Featherston, near its then head, and broke over into the wide and deep valley which there comes down from Featherstone — pointing directly to the great bend of Hay creek. This bend was then a part of the main valley of Wells creek, and the current then flowed down that, now dry, valley to Wells creek mill, on the present stream. With what eloquent tongues do the acrid cliffs and isolated peaks of that old dry valley speak. They seem to echo the thundering floods which in those days bat- tered their faces, and, like the gigantic bones of an old creation, to tell us the history of the past.” Colonel Colvill conjectured, further, that the water of Wells creek was not then able to reach the Mississippi freely, but passed through some of the valleys now tributatory to it, south- ward into some of those that are tributatory to the Zumbro, mainly through the valley of Skillman’s brook, uniting with the Zumbro at Mazeppa. The disproportion between the size of the Zumbro valley and the drainage area which it now serves has been noted by geologists, and this hypothesis serves to account, possibly, for this irregularity. There is still observable by one passing southwesterly, a perceptible valley, running soutlieast- warclly, outlined on the west by the Trenton bluffs all the way from northeastern Vasa to southwestern Zumbrota. Another probable water course which is now abandoned was from Cannon Falls, northeastwardly. The observer is struck with the narrowness of the Cannon valley at once on passing Cannon Falls, as compared with the width of the low, flat valley, lying next north. It is probable that much of the water of the Cannon, in glacial times, passed north of the bluffs that lie next north of the village. Some of it re-entered the Cannon valley again about at the mouth of Belle creek, by way of Trout brook, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 5 and some of it passed northeastward to the Mississippi at Etter, the same place, where the Vermilion waters entered it. The descent of this northeastern flat to Etter is about one hundred feet for the uplands, but three or four hundred feet for the valley- in which the waters were collected. The greatest recorded elevation in Goodhue county is on the line of the Chicago and Great Western, on Section 23, Kenyon, being 1,250 feet above the sea level; but large areas of several other townships, notably Cherry Grove, Roscoe, Holden, AVana- mingo, Leon and Belle Creek, would doubtless, if subjected to careful measurement, prove to have nearly, if not quite, the same elevation. The average elevation of the county, estimated from contour lines, taken by railroad officials, would be as follows : Central point, 725 feet above the sea; Florence, 975; Wacouta, 925; Red Wing, 800; Hay Creek, 975; Belvidere, 1,100; Burnside, 825; Featherstone, 1,000; Goodhue, 1.100; Zumbrota, 1,075; Pine Is! - land, 1,075; Welch, 925; Vasa, 975; Belle Creek, 1,050; Minneola, 1,075; Roscoe, 1,125; Cannon Falls, 925; Leon, 1,080; AA r ana- mingo, 1,150; Cherry Grove, 1,200; Stanton, 925; Warsaw, 1,050; Holden, 1,150; Kenyon, 1,210. Florence and Central Point in these estimates are considered equal to one town, their areas being as 7 to 1 ; Wacouta, Red Wing and Burnside make another, their areas being as the figures 1, 2, 8; Welch and Stanton together make two towns. The figures give an estimated average eleva- tion for the county of about 1,045 feet above the sea. The soil of Goodhue county is based on a clayey sub-soil, in all places except on the terrace plains that skirt the main streams. This clay is generally fine and loamy; but in the high prairies of the western towns it is mingled with some pebbles, and even foreign boulders of a foot or more in diameter. A r et, how- ever frequent the stones on the surface, or in the immediate sub- soil, the real soil, which sustains the crops of the farmer, is invariably of a fine grain, and usually of a black color, with a thickness from a few inches to several feet. The stones in the sub-soil, which appear in the western part of the county, gradu- ally disappear toward the east, and are wholly wanting in the extreme eastern part of the county. The sub-soil in the rolling towns of the eastern tiers is a fine yellowish loam, in some cases a compact clay. Goodhue county abounds in lumber along the rivers, and also in several other portions. The following list has been compiled, giving the trees native to this county, together with a short description of each variety. In addition to those found in the list there are a few smaller trees, like the plum, crab apple and thorn apple, which are of little consequence. Among the culti- 6 . HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY- vated shade trees which have been induced to grow here are the Balm of Gilead, White Poplar, Scotch Pine, Mountain Ash, White Spruce, Balsam, or Fir, and Arbor Vitae. The native trees are as follows : Rock Maple — Not abundant; it is very valuable for fuel, and fine for shade, but of rather slow growth. Soft, or Red Maple — A good shade tree, but easily broken by storms. Box Elder — Common in rich woods; a hardy shade tree. Sugar is made from this tree in some parts of the state. Basswood — Abundant in rich woods. One of the most beautiful trees for shade. Its lumber is excellent for furniture. Black Cherry — Very valuable for lum- ber. Some trees are found here which grow to be quite large. White Ash — AY ell known as a large and valuable forest tree. It is used much for shade. Red Ash — Not common. Grows in low grounds. A small tree which resembles the white ash. Green Ash — Grows near river banks. Upper half of leaves have sharp teeth. Black Ash — Not abundant. It grows in swamps and wet banks along streams. A small tree with tough wood. Red Elm, or Slippery Elm — Well known, and ranks with the better grade of soft wood for fuel. White Elm — Abundant in rich soil along rivers. An elegant shade tree. Rock Elm — Very scarce. Wood very hard and timber valuable. Sugar Berry, or Hack Berry — A small tree bearing sweet fruit, the size of wild cherries. Not abundant. Grows by river banks. Black Walnut — A beautiful and valuable tree found along streams. Butternut — Grows in damp, rich soil, with wood softer and lighter than the walnut. Butternut-Hickory — Abundant on moist land. Bark smooth. The nut is small and bitter. Very valuable for fuel. Paper, or Canoe Birch — Grows sparingly on river banks. The Indians use the bark of this species for making canoes. Black Alder — Found at the Big Falls. It resembles the black cherry. Ironwood, or Hopliorn Bean — Common in rich woods, and is excellent for fuel. Has hop-like fruit. Blue, or AVhite Beech — Grows along streams. Its wood is very hard. Burr. Oak — Pin oak; abundant. It varies much in size and appearance. Very valuable for timber and fuel. AVhite Oak — Not common. Trunk more smooth and bark lighter colored than burr oak. Black Oak, or Scrub Oak, or Jack Oak — Grows in dry soil and has deep- cut leaves, shining on the upper surface ; has a small acorn with a deep cup. Red Oak — Abundant on rich soil on elevated ground in this vicinity. It resembles the black oak, but the trunk is smoother and more slender and light colored. The leaves are larger, not deeply cut nor shining above. Acorn large and oblong, with shallow cup. It is often mistaken for the black oak. Com- mon Poplar, or Popple — AVell known; grows further north than HI STUB Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY 7 any other deciduous tree. Large Tooth Poplar — Bark darker. Colored leaves with large teeth. Less common than common pop- lar. The wood is harder and more valuable for fuel. Cotton- wood — Largely used as a shade tree. A rapid grower. White Pine — Found in several places along the banks of rivers and small streams, but now largely cut off. Red Cedar — A beautiful tree found in small quantities along the banks of streams. To do justice to the detailed description of the geological structure of the county would be to use more space than the lim- its of this volume would justify. The thoughtful reader will find much valuable information on this subject in the second volume of a publication entitled “The Geology of Minnesota,” dated 1885, edited by N. LI. Winchell, upon whose statements much of the information in this chapter is based. The first deep well drilled in the county is at the station of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad, beginning at the grade line of the road, 687 feet above the sea. The work was done by W. E. Swan, of McGregor, la., who estimated the discharge at 800 gallons per minute. The water could rise seventy-five feet above the surface when confined in a pipe. The water began to flow at 190 feet from the surface, and kept on increasing to the end. Another deep well situated about eighty rods west of the Milwaukee station, three rods south of the track and thirty feet above it, spouted three hundred barrels per day, rising thirty feet above the surface. This well passed through 160 feet of drift materials and entered the sandstone one hundred feet. Following is the record of the Avell at the Milwaukee depot, as given by Mr. Swan : Sand and gravel, 10 feet ; sandy shale, 10 feet; blue shale, 50 feet; sand rock, 10 feet; blue shale, 30 feet; mixture of sand, quartz and limestone, 45 feet; soft sandrock, 265 feet. Total depth, 450 feet. In the early part of 1887 August Peterson obtained another artesian flow at the extreme northwest corner of section 26. township 113, range 15, in the valley of Spring creek. The surface of the ground where this well begins is about fifty feet higher than at the well above mentioned, and the water rises freely through a pipe that stands twenty feet above the surface. On striking the yellow, green and brown sandrock, the water rose to within twenty-five feet of the surface, and increased constantly in volume and force as the well went deeper. The bottom of this well is 146 feet short of the bottom of the well at the depot. The water is soft and pure. The record of this well was taken by the late Colonel William Colvill as follows : Sand and gravel, 112 feet ; compact sandrock, 4 feet ; blue sand- rock, 30 feet; green slaty shale, 90 feet; yellow, green and brown sandrock, 15 feet; white sandrock. 104 feet; total depth, 355 8 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY feet. Since these first three, numerous others have been success- fully sunk, aucl the city of Red Wing is soon to receive its water supply from artesian sources. With the increase in the number of wells, the force of the water has been somewhat diminished. While Goodhue county is pre-eminently an agricultural one, outside of the cities and villages, yet it has several other sources, of material wealth. The county is abundantly supplied with building stone, and from some of the quarries a large amount of stone has been sent to various parts of the Northwest. There are quarries at Front.enac and Red Wing, from which stone has been obtained for buildings in Red AVing, St. Paul, Minneapolis and elsewhere. There are other quarries of lesser importance at Belvidere, Hay Creek, Featherstone and Vasa. Another product produced in large quantities is quicklime, and sand for mortar is abundant whenever access can be had to the gravel terraces, or the plains, along the principal streams ; but in the absence of that, resort can be had to the sandstone, which can easily be excavated for that purpose. Such use of this rock has been made on the southwest quarter of section 23, Goodhue township. There are some townships, however, in the southwestern part of the county, in which sand for mortar has to be hauled a great distance, the whole county being uniformly covered with a clayey loam. Brick of excellent quality is made at various points. The old capitol at St. Paul was made of red pressed brick from Red A\ 7 ing, and the Red Wing product in this line is known far and wide for its excellence. The clay found in Goodhue township has caused the making of stoneware to become practically the leading industry of Red AVing. From this clay are manufactured the finest kinds of white and yellow stoneware, and also the sewer pipe which has a national reputation. A fine quality of sand is also shipped for filtering purposes. There is but little peat in the county at large. Along the old valleys in the eastern part of the county are found some peat beds, but as yet little has been done in the line of making it a commercial product by its successful use as fuel. The animals native to Goodhue county are deer, elk, bear, fisher, beaver, otter, mink, muskrat, coon, squirrel (black, fox, red and chipmunk), fox, wolf (cayote and lumber), weasel, skunk, gopher (pocket and striped), wild cat, lynx, badger, wood- chuck, porcupine and a very few buffalo, though these were stragglers from the south. The buffalo, badger, porcupine, otter, beaver, fisher, bear, elk and deer are now practically extinct. Elijah Haskell Blodgett, deceased, will always be remembered as one of the most kindly and best beloved of Red Wing’s most prominent citizens. His period of activity in this city began in * I HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 'J the early days and extended until the day of his lamented death, June 6, 1909, although he retired from the more strenuous duties of his career several years before. Mr. Blodgett came of sturdy old New England stock, the name of Blodgett being an honored one in the Colonial annals of that section. His father, Ashley Blodgett, a native of Massachusetts, married Orill Haskell, the daughter of an old Vermont family, and together they estab- lished their rooftree on a large farm in Weathersfield, in the Green Mountain State. In 1835 they moved to Middlesex, Ver- mont, and there continued farming until 1854, when they retired from active life and took up their residence in Norwich in the same state, where the mother ended her days in 1867 and the father in 1894, the latter having reached the honored old age of ninety-nine years. Elijah was born in Weathersfield, Vt., February 16, 1832, took advantage of such education as the primitive district schools of his time afforded, and supplemented this with a course in an academy at Montpelier, Vt., later learn- ing the carpenter’s trade, which he followed at Windsor, Vt., from 1848 to 1855, in the meantime acquiring a knowledge of wood pattern making, which he made his occupation in the same village from 1855 to 1866, with the exception of the year 1857, which he spent at Newark, N. J. Like many other young men of his day, he then determined to try his fortunes amid the wider opportunities of the great Northwest. .Arriving in Red Wing May 31, 1866, he first entered the employ of the late T. B. Sheldon, who at that time conducted a large grain elevator. After several years of faithful and efficient service, Mr. Blodgett was admitted as a partner, the firm being known as T. B. Sheldon & Co. In this enterprise Mr. Blodgett continued until 1902, when he sold the business and retired. During his more active days he served as mayor and alderman, as president of the Red Wing & Trenton Transit Company, and as president of the board of education. He had extensive interests in the manu- facturing industries of Red Wing, and at the time of his death was a director in the Red Wing Union Stoneware Company, the Red Wing Sewer Pipe Company, and the LaGrange mills. Mr. Blodgett was married September 17, 1855, at Ilartland, Vt., to Sarah P. Sturtevant, of that place, a daughter of Thomas F. and Rosaline (Taylor) Sturtevant, the former of whom was an extensive wool manufacturer. Mrs. Blodgett died March 28, 1906, and is laid at rest in Oakwood cemetery, as is her husband. At the entrance of this cemetery is a beautiful arch, erected by Mr. Blodgett in loving memory of his wife. Hon. Joshua C. Pierce, one of the sturdy pioneers who laid the foundations for the future financial integrity of Red AVing, was born near Nashua, N. H., December 8, 1830. AA 7 lien young 10 HISTORY OF GOODIi'UE COUNTY he went to Boston and started in life for himself as a news- boy. By dint of much saving, he managed to secure funds suffi- cient to pursue a course iu surveying in the Academy of New Hampshire. It was in 1855 that he came to Red Wing and entered the land business as a member of the firm of Smith, Towne & Co. He followed that business until October, 1868, when, in company with T. K. Simmons and A. W. Pratt, he started the bank of Pierce, Simmons & Co. When the bank was incorporated Mr. Pierce became president of the institution, and retained that position until the time of his death. He also served several terms in the Minnesota legislature, being elected on the Democratic ticket. Mr. Pierce was twice married. During his lifetime he was an enthusiastic supporter of all enterprises tending toward civic growth and improvement. The name is perpetuated in Red Wing by a nephew, A. P. Pierce, for many years mayor of the city. J. C. Pierce died June 13, 1904. CHAPTER II. GEOLOGIC AGES. Formation of the Earth — Cooling’ of the Crust — The Various Periods as Outlined by Scholars — Appearance of Vegeta- tion — First Animal Life — Geologic Formations of Goodhue County — Influence of These Distance Periods on Modern Existence. It was necessary for the earth to undergo many changes before it became suited for the habitation of man. According to the students, the globe was originally a mass of molten rock. The cooling process was undoubtedly a slow one, and the crust just under our feet did not become hard enough and cool enough to rest any superstructure on for perhaps many thousands of years. Probably many ages passed while it was a rough, ragged, irregular mass of granite — the skeleton of tlie future earth. Abrasion and erosion ground the surfaces of the mass into powder. Oceans swept over it. Chemical changes operated upon it. Next the sandstone was laid up. Then came the magnesian limestone of which our bluffs are composed. At this period fossil life begins. The reptilian age came on. The icthyosaurus, the pterodactyl, the iguanodon and plesiosaurus and other huge monsters wallowed and splashed in the muddy water. Then came the glacial period. The edges of the bluffs were polished and seamed by huge icebergs on their way down from the North. The Mississippi at that time covered a vast area. What are now towering peaks were then islands, scarcely reaching above the water. But the glacial period passed. ARgetation appeared. The earth rejoiced in scenes of beauty. Mammals came. Man, rude and uncouth, the contemporary of the mammoth and the cave bear, appeared on the scene, and the era of humankind commenced in primitive barbarity. Some years ago Prof. E. AA T . Schmidt, M. A., of the Red AVing Seminary, was induced to write a short article on the geology of Red Wing and the surrounding environs of Goodhue county. 11 12 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Later he amplified the article, but the managers of this publica- tion present the former paper as the one whic-li comes within the scope of this work, and one well suited to popular reading by those not familiar with the story of the formation of this county from the time when the earth was a mass of liquid fire down to the age when it was suited to the occupation of man. The paper follows: “It is with considerable reluctance that I assented to discuss this subject, because my pursuit of knowledge in this realm has been prompted by a love of nature and recreation, by a desire for relief from the wearisome routine of the daily vocation, by a wish for increase of culture and the pleasures that spring* from contact with nature, rather than from a desire to perfect myself in any particular study. These investigations are a splendid field for training the powers of observation and judg- ment, and a lesson in patience in slowly spelling out the silent pages of nature’s book, wherein is imprinted the geologic history of prehistoric Goodhue county. “The subject is so vast and the material that can be com- manded so abundant that the greatest difficulty in discussing it lies in knowing what to omit, rather than in finding sufficient material. The object in the following is an attempt to present the broad outlines of our natural environment. Let us endeavor first to read the story of the rocks and hills, of the uplands and the valleys, of the artesian wells and the gravel terraces, of the fossils and of the rocks, and see how nature fashioned our present abode upon the ancient sea floor and turned it from a barren sea of waste waters into the picturesque spot that makes Red Wing famous for its beauty, cheers us with its never wearying aspect, and makes it a suitable location for industrial and educa- tional enterprises. If we ascend Barn bluff near Webster’s Way, we pass over strata of various materials. Some layers are com- posed of quite pure quartzoze sand, others of sand mixed more or less with earthy impurities. Other layers present shaly lime- stone, others more massive and finer grained lime. Nodules of chert and cavities filled with crystals can be seen at various elevations. Some of the strata also contain fossils. The lime- stone that caps the bluff can be traced up Cannon river, where, in the vicinity of Welch, it is surmounted by a hardened layer that seems to be a mixture of sand and the limestone that can be seen still further up the valley as distinct strata. At Cannon Falls Mr. Scofield will gladly take you to the top of the bluffs, where an outcrop of different limestone reveals a cemetery of ancient creatures, lying exposed on one of the farms. It might here be noted that our sandstones are composed of more or less angular fragments, worn smooth with a tendency to round- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 13 ness. Their size is fairly uniform in the same layer. The lower layers contain coarser grains ancl the succeeding higher ones finer grains. “At Clayhank can be seen the clay pits. At Wanamingo the limestone quarries are filled with mummies of coimtless crea- tures, while on the fields are boulders of volcanic rock, covered everywhere in our county, as with a mantle, by till and loam. Along our rivers lie the terraces and gravel bars which add so much to the beauty of our deeply-eroded valleys. The above features constitute the main geologic formations of Goodhue county. The story of these formations is believed by geologists to be about as follows : The hard archaen rocks revealed by borings represent the ancient sea bottom when the earth had cooled sufficiently to form an outer crust and the vapor of the atmosphere had become sufficiently chilled to form the sea, which covered the outer crust. Then the nucleus of America appeared at the north. The sea had a powerful sweep against the newborn land. The absence of vegetation favored swift drainage. The high rate of the earth’s revolution favored the formation of rapid ocean currents. The tides produced by such a rapid motion hurled themselves with fury in quick succession upon the beach. The higher temperature of the atmosphere favored torrential rains and produced most violent storms. The presence of many gases and acids and the barrenness of the land all favored the rapid disintegration of the rocks under the attacks of the atmos- phere, while the heaving of the sea washed the debris back, scattei’ing it over the floor of the sea. The finest parts were carried furthest, so that the sand in our county is a testimony of the comparative shallowness of the former sea. The grains of sand were sifted, soi’ted and smoothed in their journey. This explains also the fact that the grains in any one layer are fairly uniform in size. The difference in color is due to storms or later infiltrations ; coarser or finer grains determine greater or less distance transfei’red. The succession of sandstone, shales and limestones is due to the successive rising and sinking of the ocean surface. The shales were formed by the stirring up and blending of the sand with the new material coming in above it. The limestones were deposited in quiet, deep waters, but the succeeding elevation permitted the waves to stir them up in places into dome-shaped structures and knolls of varying thick- ness. Wherever the sea encroached on the northern land, the sand was left further north, and we received the finer materials. When the sea receded it washed backward the sand upon the deeper formation. That our rocks are sea deposits is shown by several clearly read proofs. 1 — The nature of the material and character of the grains of sand and lime. 2 — Their horizontal 14 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY position and also the oblique ebb and flow structure. 3 — The presence of only marine fossils, of shales, mud cracks and ripple marks. The absence of tilting and of the influence of heat shows that they were never disturbed by volcanic eruptions in this quarter. The enormous amount of material deposited shows that long periods of ceaseless activity Avere consumed to perform such a tremendous amount of erosion. Our limestone formation, for instance, extends from New York to the Rockies. The large quantities of carbon dioxide in the limestones is thought to have been derived from the cooling atmosphere. The sediments were hardened by their own cohesion and the infiltration of cements. The wide extent of country over which some of the formations spread indicates that when submerged it formed a wide, shallow sea bottom. The mud cracks and ripple marks speak of the beach. The compacted layers of sediments have received dif- ferent names. The lowest is the Potsdam sandstone, also called St. Croix, from the St. Croix valley, where it outcrops. Over this are spread in succession : 1, 2, the St. Lawrence and Jordan sandstones, by some included in the St. Croix, which can be seen in outcrop in Barn bluff, College hill and Twin bluff; 3, lower magnesian limestone, capping our bluffs; 4, New Richmond sandstone at Cannon falls; 5, Shakope limestone, seen at Cannon falls and Northfield; 6, St. Peter sandstone, seen at White rock, Castle rock and the falls of the Cannon ; 7, Trenton limestone, seen at Wanamingo and Cannon falls. “At some period life appeared. Some geologists place this event back as far as 200,000,000 years, so we have a wide range of time to choose from. The arcfiaean rocks contain no clear traces of life, so that the rocks in our immediate neighborhood are of special interest, as they introduce us to some of the earliest known animals. Other living things, such as lichens and mosses, may have preceded them, but owing to their delicate structure, the physical conditions under which they lived and the long period of time that has elapsed, no definite traces have been left. The St. Croix formation contains traces of plants regarded as sea weeds. There is no evidence of land plants. In the geologic foundations of the county are evidences of all the types known to the animal kingdom except the vertebrates. The combined contribution of animal life to the rock structure of our present home was great. The successive generations were piled up on the tombs of their ancestors, while those Avliose shells were reduced to powder — and their number was undoubt- edly far greater than those Avhose remains are unearthed today — furnished the material for the encasing rock. In general it is an accepted proposition that limestones deposited by marine agencies Avere produced by the calcareous remains of animals HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 15 having the power to abstract lime held in suspension in the water. ‘‘Then came the interval between the Trenton and the glacial periods. The struggle between the ocean and the archman con- tinent ceased. Minnesota and adjoining areas were raised above the sea, and our county began giving up instead of receiving more. Erosion set in and the debris went elsewhere to build up other states, the arcliman rocks in the meantime being completely worn down. The result is in good part embodied in the topog- raphy we have today. The Mississippi carved out its present channel but flowed about 100 feet lower than it does today. As the former periods were useful in building up the material for Red Wing’s industries, so this period was useful in exposing and making them easy of access. “Then came the glacial period. Geologists are very happy because of the fact that an area of 10.000 square miles in Minne- sota, Wisconsin and Illinois was left uncovered by the ice fields. Of the driftless area, 3,000 square miles lie in Minnesota, and we are just about at the upper end of it. Maps of this period show that glaciers bearing down on this region from the northeast seem to have spent their force and died away before they reached the lower clriftless area. The glaciers from the Lake Superior and Michigan regions encircled it on the south, but did not cover it, hence, as Prof. Chamberlain said, the driftless area remains an unmarred monument of erosion from the earliest ages to the present time. The driftless area is clearly distinguished from the drifted area in that it is free from lakes, sloughs, or obstructed drainage'. Gravel mounds, like those spread over the country from Hastings northward, are absent. No gravel is found beneath the soil except where running water lodged it. The valleys look old. The rivers that run from the glaciated to the drift- less area are lined by high terraces showing the height of the river bottom during the melting period of the glaciers, while the rivers lying wholly within the driftless area lack them. During the last glacial epoch, when the melting glaciers made a larger part of this county a great sea of icy water, gravel and sand were disengaged from the ice and carried forward to lower levels by turbulent waters. ‘ The valley of the Cannon river was flooded per- manently during the continuance of this Avhole epoch with waters that came directly from the ice fields of Dakota and Rice counties, and which bore along great quantities of floating ice and of mingled sand, mud and gravel. The Mississippi also was at flood stage. These valleys were filled with alluvial detritus to the height of their highest terrace, and flowed at a permanent level of about 125 to 150 feet higher than iioav, the bottom of the Avater being determined by this terrace. On the withdrawal 16 III ST OB Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY of the ice field further north, and the cessation of the supply of such detritus, these streams began to excavate their present channels in the loose materials over which they had been flowing. This excavation was a process of short duration and continued as long as any glacial condition of the preceding cold epoch lingered in the state. When the rivers were reduced to more nearly their present stage, by the cutting off of the supply from the melting glaciers, a slow process of refilling seems to have been begun, which we see going on at present. This refilling is most evident in the lower portions of the river valleys, and in those parts where the valley is much larger than is now required by the stream flowing there.’ “Such, then, is the geological story in brief, telling us how our environments Avere formed. They are of interest because the industries of Bed Wing are directly dependent upon them. The porous sandstones, containing gallons of water per cubic yard, furnish us with an inexhaustible supply of water for our mills and other establishments. The limestones furnish us lime for mortar and rocks for architectural purposes. We draw upon the- gravel bars to grade our roads and our railroads. The soil of our farms is splendidly mixed, by the ploAving, grinding and crushing of the glacial mill. The trees of the North and the grasses of the South came in, and furnish us with fuel and with opportunities for dairying. Clay for making bricks is handy in many places, and furnishes material for the pottery industries. The woods keep our saAV mills humming and supply our furni- ture factories with materials for various products. The yield of the soil employs many at the malt houses and the mills, Avhile the beauty and the facilities of the place draw to it seats of learning and of training.” Thor K. Simmons, noAv deceased, was for thirty-three years one of the leading citizens of Red AVing, and his name is still perpetuated in the title of one of the county’s leading financial institutions. He served as alderman and as county commissioner, and in other Avays shoAved his public spirited interest in the welfare of the city and county. Born in Kragers, Norway, August 12, 1832, he received his education in the excellent public schools of that city, and became a school teacher. At the age of twenty-one, in 1853, he left his native land and came to America, locating for a time at Janesville, Wis., Avhere some felloAv countrymen had preAdously settled. In 1856 he followed the influx of immigration to Goodhue county, and homesteaded 160 acres near what is noAV knoAvn as Clay bank, in Goodhue toAvnsliip. A year later he -decided to enter business life, and as a preliminary training in American commercial methods, clerked a year in the store of C. J. F. Smith, then one of the leading T. K. Simmons HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 17 stores in the city. Thus equipped, Mr. Simmons started a mer- cantile establishment of his own, and continued in business many years, being also a wholesale grain dealer on a large scale, his elevators being located throughout the country. During this time the need of a financial institution was felt, and the Pierce- Simmons bank was organized, with Mr. Simmons as one of the chief promoters. In 1887, he retired from active business, and lived a retired life until his death, May 7, 1890. He was a Republican in politics, and a member of the Swedish Lutheran church. Thor K. Simmons was married June 25, 1858, at Cannon Falls, Minn., to Hannah S. Hawkins, of that city, daughter of Nels and Eva (Carlstrom) Hawkins, natives of Sweden, who came to America, located in Indiana for three years and then settled at Cannon Falls, where they resided until the time of their deaths, the father dying May 10, 1889, and the mother May 26, the same year. To Mr. and Mrs. Simmons were born nine children. Emma is now Mrs. W. C. Krise, of Red AYing. N. K. Simmons, the second child, lives in this city also, as does Eleda, now Mrs. (Rev.) 0. S. Meland. Eva, married to FI. J. Brown, lives in Portland, Me. T. N. Simmons lives in Red Wing. Frances is Mrs. J. L. Keenan, of ITammond, La. Marie, now Mrs. H. Van Smith, lives in Oklahoma. Elvira is at home, and T. K. Simmons also lives in Oklahoma. The family is universally respected, and enjoys the heritage of honor left by the father. CHAPTER III. EVIDENCE OF THE MOUNDS. The First Human Inhabitants of Goodhue County — -Indications that They Were Indians — Location and Shape of the Mounds — their Purpose — What Excavation Has Revealed — Fort Sweney — Stone Cairns — The Lowland Mounds — Reign of the Sioux— By Edward W. Schmidt. At what period of the earth’s existence the eye of humankind first beheld the beauties of Goodhue county and surrounding territory is a problem which will probably never be absolutely solved. The theory that a prehistoric race, superior in intelli- gence to the Indians, once possessed this locality is not accepted by scholars in general, and it Is doubtless true that the first human occupants of this county were the ancestors of the Sioux Indians ; though from whence they came is one of the great unanswered questions. Evidences thus far discovered indicate that the Mound Builders, famous in song and romance, who left so many indications of their work in this locality, were prehis- toric Sioux, or at least a race of Indians (possibly the lowas) closely resembling them, and not an entirely different people,, as has sometimes been maintained by scholars of others days. The mounds! The mounds! Who does not love to spend a day among the silent monuments of a vanished race? Who is not charmed while strolling among these tombs, either when the green of spring covers them as with a carpet, while all around you the hills, lakes, rivers, ponds and woods contribute their beauty to complete the picture of a glorious day in June, or while the dreamy haze of an autumnal day tinges the gorgeous panorama of the many-colored landscape with delicate tint of blue? To the charms of such a scene the lover of mounds is not a stranger, nor to the pleasant feeling of mystery that steals upon his mind as he gazes at the sepulchres that dot the terrace or stand out boldly on the promontory of a steep and rugged bluff. 18 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 19 One of the places to see the mounds on a magnificent scale is Goodhue county. Parts of the county are so rich in mounds that she need not take a back seat in archaeology, by any means. Archaeologists will be taxed for many years to come before the perplexing problems presented by the relics shall be unraveled into clear and continuous history. What is the meaning of the mounds? Who made them?' Whence did the mound builders come? When did they live here? What sort of life did they lead? What was their state of culture? Who were the first inhabitants of Goodhue county? These are some of the questions which archaeology is busy trying to solve. While Goodhue county cannot boast of mounds having such gigantic proportions as some other parts of the United States can, nor of such grotesque mounds as the serpent mound of Ohio, yet the mounds of our county are so striking in number, kind and distribution that they present a rich field for archaeological inquiry. Our late state archaeologist, y the Indians is shown by the fact that the mission houses re- 6U HISTORY OF GOODHUE CO l' NT Y mained unmolested for two years, until the arrival of the Rev. •J. F. Ait on in 1848. J. AY. Hancock came the foW owing year. Revs. Aiton and Hancock were sent out by the American Board of Foreign Missions and moved into the houses abandoned by their predecessors, the Messrs. Denton and Gavin. Mr. Aiton soon afterward departed, having, however, rendered future gen- erations the great service of having closely examined the few stone cairns in this vicinity and established their identity as burial places. The above are the cold historical facts as we find them, and as I am supposed to write only of those things that transpired previous to 1853; and while our old friend, the Rev. J. AA r . Han- cock, will receive full mention in this work by persons delegated to that duty, yet I cannot drop my pen without adding a few words out of respect to the man whose memory all the old pioneers delight in honoring. In 1852-53 1 was a member of Rev. J. AY. Hancock’s Sunday school, when it was held in the little log cabin that stood in what is now Bush street. There were perhaps six or eight of we small white children and fifteen or twenty little red brethren and sis- ters. AVhile Julia Bevans instructed the white children (in the English language) how to walk in the straight and narrow way, so that when we had passed over to that “bourne from whence none return” we might be worthy to wear a crown of glory, Air. Hancock was laboring hard with the little Indians (in the Sioux language), endeavoring to impress the same lesson upon their minds. I do not think the lesson indelibly impressed on my mem- ory the first day of my attendance at a house of divine worship will ever be forgotten. The plan of instruction at the Sunday schools in those early days Ava,s different from the course now pursued; not so much of love or mercy but more of his Satanic majesty, lakes of fire and everlasting torment, if you departed from the path of rectitude. AAUble it is true that Mr. Hancock served only for two or three years as a missionary to the Indians, yet he remained for over sixty years in administering spiritual grace and comfort to a class of whites, who were as much in need of a saving grace as the wild Indians, and by his everyday life and example caused men to stop and consider, thereby making them better men. I know that Air. Hancock had many trials and disappointments in his early life here in those pioneer days, but you will not find them mentioned in any of his early writings ; neither did he go to his neighbors and friends with a tale of woe. but always with a smile, a good word to all, satisfied that he had a mission to fulfill ; and by the everyday life he led in our midst and for all those years of trouble and privations I am firm in the belief that he is now Wm. M. Sweney, M. D. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 61 enjoying the reward, in the fullest extent, that he so justly merits. Charles Gould, Snow the trader, Calvin Potter, James McGinnis, "William Freeborn and my father, Dr. W. W. Sweney, thus begin- Following Mr. Hancock, or possibly in one or two cases pre- ceding him, came John Bush, Benjamin Young, James Wells, Charles Gould, Snow the trader, Calvin Potter, James McGinnis, William Freeborn and my father, Dr. W. W. Sweney, thus begin- ning the influx of modern settlement. William Montgomery Sweney, whose studious article appears above, was born in Fulton county, Illinois, November 6, 1849, son of William Wilson and Maria M. Sweney, and was brought to this village with his parents as an infant. He attended Rev. J. W. Hancock’s mission school and later took a course in Hamline University, at that time located in Red Wing. Having spent the early part of his life amid pioneer conditions, he early acquired a love of nature, which has since resulted in exhaustive studies in archaeology, and geology, in both of which he was a thorough student and able writer. In 1876 he graduated from Bellevue Hospital Medical College, in New York City, and took up the practice of medicine in Red Wing. Yielding to the solicitation of his friends, he has served the city as alderman, and in this capac- ity has been an earnest advocate of purer water for general use in the city, his efforts resulting in the now projected municipal artesian well water supply. Dr. Sweney was married in 1880 to Delia M. Drew, by whom he has four children — William M., born February 8, 1882; James H., born November 2. 1884; Marjorie M., born May 11, 1893, and Edward B., born February 23; 1898. CHAPTER Y. FORTS AT FRONTENAC. Landing of Count Frontenac — Building of Fort Beauharnois by Du Boucher in 1727 — Work of the Jesuits — Disastrous Freshets — Capture of Father Guingas — Linctot’s Stockade — St. Pierre and His Meeting With Washington — Abandon- ment of Stockade — Marin’s Fort in 1750 — Final Evacuation by the French — Modern Evidences. Goodhue county boasts of four of the early French forts. The one built in 3695 by LeSueur has already been mentioned. The three at Frontenac are worthy of extended historical research. Tradition declares that Count Frontenac, in conducting his explorations along the upper Mississippi, landed at practically the present site of Frontenac in the middle of the seventeenth century. In the late twenties of the eighteenth century, the French, who had some twenty years previous, abandoned the forts at Prairie Island and Wabasha, saw the necessity of again establishing some sort of a sovereignty over the territory drained by the waters of the upper Mississippi, the French government having been awakened to activity in the matter by the following communication sent from the governor of Canada. “It is more than obvious that the English are endeavoring to interlope among the Indian nations and attach them unto themselves. They entertain constantly the idea of becoming masters of North America, and are persuaded that the Euro- pean nation which shall be in possession of the territory of the Sioux and Chippewas will in the course of time be also masters of all of the North American continent, because it is there that men live in health and produce strong and robust children.” Accordingly, peace having been concluded by the French with several tribes at Green Bay, another occupancy of the country by the French was determined upon, and Sieur cle la Pierriere (also known as La Perriere, or Pierrie, du Bouche and Rene, or Reni, Boucher), with a company which included two Jesuits, Louis Ignatius Guignas and a companion. De Ganor, left 62 HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 63 Montreal June 16, 1727, and reached the enlargement of the Mississippi, now known as Lake Pepin, September 17 of the same year. It is interesting to note that the name Pepin is first given to this lake in the journal of Le Sueur in the year 1700, and was probably applied in honor of Stephen Pepin, who was with Le Sueur on the shores of Lake Superior as early as 1679. In the latter part of September, 1727, Boucher arrived at Sand Point, which extends into Lake Pepin opposite Maiden Kock. Here he erected a stockade one hundred feet square, within which were three buildings, subserving probably the uses of store, chapel and living quarters. One of the log huts was 31 x 16, one 30 x 16 and the last 26 x 16. There were two bastions, with pickets all around, twelve feet high. The fort was named in honor of Charles de Beauharnois, then governor of Canada. The Jesuits called their mission from St. Michael, the Archangel. Father Guignas, in writing from the new fort, gave the following description of a celebration held there. He says: “On the morning of November 4 [1727] we did not forget that it was the General’s birthday. In the morning, mass was said for him, and in the evening some very fine rockets were displayed, while we shouted ‘Vive le Roy’ and ‘Vive Charles de Beauharnois.’ What contributed much to the amusement was the terror which the rockets caused to some lodges of Indians, at that time near the fort. When these poor people saw the fireworks in the air, and the stars apparently falling down from the heavens, the women and the children began to flee, and even the most courageous of the men to cry for mercy, begging earnestly that we would stop the astonishing display of ‘fire medicine’.” During the following spring, in the month of April. 1728, the water rose so high in the lake that the floors of the log buildings were submerged, and for two weeks the Frenchmen had to live in the woods. In dispatches sent to France in Octo- ber, 1729, by the Canadian government, the following reference is made to Fort Beauharnois: “They report that the fort built among the Sioux, on the border of Lake Pepin, is badly situated on account of the freshets, but the Indians assure them that the water in the spring of 1728 rose higher than ever before, and this is credible, inasmuch as it did not so much as reach the fort this year.” Owing to the hostility of the Foxes during that summer, traders were afraid to settle at the post, and in the fall of that year it was practically abandoned. In the spring the abandonment became actual, and the place was without occupants for several years. In going to Illinois, during the month of October, probably 1728 or 1729, the zealous Father Guignas attempted to visit the 64 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY place, but found the Sioux unfriendly. Continuing his Avay down the river to Illinois, he was captured by some allies of the Foxes, and was only saved from being burned by the friendly interposition of an aged Indian, who is supposed to have been one of his converts at the Frontenac mission. After five months of bondage he was set free. In the early thirties of the eighteenth century, Sieur Linctot selected a better position on higher ground in the rear of the first post, a few hundred feet from the shore, beyond the reach of high water, on and near the bluff edge of a wide plateaux, from which was an extensive view, both above and below the sandy peninsula, or point. Sieur Linctot was appointed com- mandant, and Sieur Portneuf ranked second. The new stockade ordered to be constructed was 120 feet square, with four bastions and accommodations within for the commandant. Linctot passed the following winter at Perrot’s first establish- ment, “Montague qui Trempe dans l’eau,” now corrupted to “ Trempeauleau ; ' ’ and early in the spring he ascended to the site of the old stockade on Sandy Point, where he found a large number of Sioux awaiting his arrival. The elder Linctot ’s request to be relieved of the command was granted, and in 1735 the able officer, Legardeur (Captain de) St. Pierre, was made his substitute. Upon the sixth day of May, the following year (1736), Sionx to the number of 140 arrived at the fort and said that they were taking back to the Puans a slave who had fled to them. St. Pierre told them that he thought it a large guard for one woman, and then they alleged that they Avere going to hunt turkeys to obtain feathers for their arrows. Continuing their journey down the Missis- sippi, they met and scalped two Frenchmen. When St. Pierre was on a visit up the river, still searching for the supposed out- let to the Pacific, and to build another post, the lawless party returned, and for four days danced the scalp dance in the vicinity of the fort. In August of this year (1736) St. Pierre was informed by letters from Lake Superior of the massacre of twenty-one Frenchmen on an island in the Lake of the Woods by a party of Sioux. Among the massacred was the Jesuit chaplain, Anneau, who was found with an arrow in his brain, and the son of Sieur Verendyre lying upon his back, his flesh hacked by tomahawks, and whose head had been removed, and was ornamented with garters and bracelets of porcupine quills. On the sixteenth of September five Indians, three chiefs and two young braves, delivered a quantity of beaver skins to St. Pierre as a pledge of friendship, and declared that they had no part in the attack at the Lake of the Woods. They were then asked as to their HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 65 knowledge of the killing of the two Frenchmen on the Missis- sippi. The next day a chief came with three young men, one of whom wore in his ear a silver pendant. When asked how he obtained the ornament, he smiled but would not answer. St. Piei're then tore it from his ear, and found it was similar in workmanship to those sold by the traders, and placed him under guard. Ouakantape, an insolent Sioux chief, and a party of thirty-six men and their families, arrived and passed the fort, and visited some Puans, who were encamped in the vicinity. Some of his party burned the pickets around Father Guignas’ garden. In May of 1737 a war party of O.jibways appeared from the St. Louis river and Lake Superior and wished the Puans to unite with them against the Sioux, and threatened St. Pierre. Thus encircled by menacing foes, St. Pierre found pru- dence the better part of valor, and conferred with Sieur Linctot, the second in command (and son of the elder Linctot), Father Guignas, and some others, in regard to an abandonment. This consultation resulted in a conclusion to burn the fort, which was done, and on May 13, the French made their second abandon- ment and sailed down the river. St. Pierre did not, however, pass out of history, he being, it is believed, the commandant at Fort Duquesne. in western Penn- sylvania, who is known to every schoolboy in America, England and France .as having been the officer to whom George Washing- ton, as a young man, bore the historic demand for French with- drawal from the Ohio valley. St. Pierre was in Montreal, in October, 1753. November 3, of that year, the Marquis Duquesne wrote to the minister of war in France that he had sent the Sieur de St. Pierre to succeed Marin in command of the army of the Ohio. St. Pierre reached the place, near where Pittsburg now stands, and where Fort Duquesne was built, the first week in December. Seven days after his arrival there, young George Washington came, bearing a letter from Governor Dinwiddle, of Virginia, to the commander of the fort. After courteous treatment by St. Pierre for several days, Washington was sent back with the following note to Governor Dinwiddie : Sir: — I have the honor to be here the commander-in-chief. M. Washington delivered to me the letter which you wrote to the commander of the French troops. I should have been pleased had you given him the order, or that he has been disposed to go to Canada to see our general, to whom it better belongs than to me, to set forth the evidence of the incontestable rights of the king, my master, to the lands along the Ohio; and to refute the pretentions of the king of Great Britain thereto. I shall transmit your letter to M. le Marquis Duquesne. ITis reply will be law to me, and if he shall order me to communicate with you, you may 66 HISTORY OR GOODHUE COUNTY be assured that I shall not fail to act promptly. As to the sum- mons you sent me to retire, I do not think I am obliged to obey. Whatever may be your instructions, I am here by order of my general, and I beg yon not to doubt for a moment but that I am determined to conform with the exactness and resolution that becomes a good officer. I do not know that in the progress of this campaign anything has passed which can be regarded as an act of hostility or contrary to the treaties between the two crowns, the continuation of which pleases us as much as' it does the English. If you had been pleased to enter into particulars as to the facts which caused your complaint, I should have been honored to give you as full and satisfactory reply as possible. I have made it a duty to receive M. Washington with distinction on account of your dignity and his personal worth. I have the honor to be, Monsieur, your very humble and very obedient servant. “L. DE ST. PIERRE. “At the Fort, December 15, 1753.” How little did these two men, who so thoroughly appreciated the personal qualities of the other, realize that the far-away wilderness, in which St. Pierre had built a fort among the Sioux, was one day to be a rich and populous part of a great nation, whose sons would be proud to honor the other as their greatest hero. In the French and Indian war, after the defeat of Brad- dock, who was sent against Fort Duquesne, this same St. Pierre, a most gallant soldier and accomplished gentleman, was fatally wounded in a battle near Lake George, while leading the Indian allies of the French army. His last words were: “Fight on, boys; this is Johnson, not Braddock.” From this circumstance it is believed that St. Pierre had the distinction of meeting AVash- ington on the field of battle, Avhen the latter was serving under .General Bi’addock in his unsuccessful expedition against Fort Duquesne. In 1750 the Sioux begged to have the post on Lake Pepin re-established, and the governor of Canada sent Marin, the Indian fighter whom St. Pierre succeeded in the valley of the Ohio, to take command. Later, Marin was ordered east, leaving his son, the chevalier, in command. The war between the Eng- lish and the French made a concentration of forces advisable, and the fort at Lake Pepin was abandoned. This time it was not destroyed, and was used by traders for a year or so after- ward. The last occupancy of which anything is known was in 1754. The above narrative of the early days of Frontenac has been written after a study of authorities, ancient and modern, and the consultation of various manuscripts, taken together with a con- sideration of probabilities. It is doubtless as correct an account HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 67 as ever will be written, and is substantiated by considerable evidence. That tbe Captain St. Pierre, who had command of the Lake Pepin fort, is the same as the Legardeur St. Pierre who received Washington, is proven in as satisfactory a manner as has been a large part of what we now consider authentic history of early America. Some authorities place St. Pierre as the last commandant of the third fort at Frontenac, and declare that he was there (probably with the son' of Marin) in 1753, and that he went directly from there to Montreal, thence at once to Fort Duquesne. The more probable statement is that he was the commandant of the second fort at Frontenac, and that it was he, who, with the son of Linctot, burned and abandoned the second-built fort in 1737. In this connection the thoughtful reader will consider the fact that the commandant of the fort in western Pennsylvania, who received Washington, was an aged man, while this St. Pierre of Lake Pepin fame was a man of middle age. This would be better accounted for by a lapse of sixteen years, allowed by those who place him as the com- mandant of the second fort at Frontenac, rather than by the lapse of a few months, allowed by those who place him as the last commandant of the third and last fort built at Frontenac. The building of this third fort is variously placed as from 1747 to 1750. Whether Marin Avas called frtmi the fort to take charge of the army in the Ohio valley in the early fifties of the eight- eenth century, or whether he did not leave the fort at Frontenac until after the outbreak of the French and English hostilities, is another question that has never been solved, although, if St. Pierre succeeded him at Fort Duquesne, the former is probable. In regard to the early exploration of the French in this locality, much confusion has arisen from the fact that the early investigators evidently took “LaSieur” to be a name, whereas it is only a complimentary title, prefixed to names, as our “Esq.” is affixed to English names, and the result is much the same as the result might be five hundred years from now, should investi- gators then consider “Esq.” a name, and try to identify with each other from records of the present day all names ending in that manner. It is with considerable hesitancy that the edi- tor advances the theory, so firmly believed by the earlier his- torians, that Le Sieur de la Pierriere du Bouehe. of Frontenac fame, is the de la Perriere Boucher known in history as the one who led the Indians in their attack on Haverhill, Mass., when they killed the Puritan minister of the village, scalped his wife, and then dashed out his infant’s brains against the rocks. In 1766, scarcely more than a decade after the supposed final abandonment of the third fort at Frontenac, Captain Jonathan Carver, probably the first English traveler to the Falls of St. G8 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Anthony, in 1766, describing Lake Pepin, says: “I observed the ruins of a French factory, where it is said Captain St. Pierre resided and carried on a great trade with the Naudowessies before the reduction of Canada.” In 1805, Lieutenant Pike, United States army, passed through Lake Pepin, and described the position of the ruined post as it would appear to him going up the lake, and in view before reaching Point no Point, as being on the west shore behind the point. In 1887, in digging for a foundation for a cistern, two can- non balls were found near Frontenac Station at a depth of about tive feet. One was a four-pound and the other a six-pound ball. These were doubtless buried by the Indians, shortly after the abandonment of the fort, as being useless to them, and possibly “bad medicine.” In the rear of the low lands of the Point is an eminence of some sixty feet, which is the bluff edge of a wide plateau, from which there is an extensive view below and above the sandy peninsula. It is the most suitable spot in the vicinity for a stockade, and there is evidence, in the absence of very aged trees, that there had once been a clearing there. The old Indian trail up and down the valley crossed this plateau and the valley of the Sandy Point creek, now Well’s creek, affording easy routes for the Sioux of the prairie to the post. Frontenac Sta- tion is overlooked by this plateau, and an enemy approaching the post would probably be met at that point by the artillery fire of the defenders, moving out a short distance from the stockade. The Graham Family lias, since the earliest days, occupied an important place in the life of the county, and the name will be remembered so long as the county exists. Hon. Christopher C. Graham was one of the best-known citizens of the state. He was born in Augusta county, Virginia, in October, 1806, and removed with his parents, when three months old, to Lincoln county, Kentucky. In 1816 the family removed to Booneville, Ind. During his boyhood he attended such schools as were pro- vided in his neighborhood, and later went to the academy at Montgomery, Ohio, where he completed his school education. Mr. Graham was elected to the Indiana legislature in 1835, and served until 1841. The following year he was elected to the senate, which position he occupied until 1846. At the outbreak of the Mexican war he was appointed by President Polk as com- missary of subsistence for the Second Indiana Infantry, but later resigned after one year’s service. He was also a member of the convention which framed the constitution of Indiana. During the campaign preceding the election of President Pierce, Mr. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 69 Graham was a prominent candidate for the nomination to Congress, but gave way to another prominent candidate. Hi 1854 he was appointed to the land office as receiver at Red Wing, and at once removed to that place, his family following a year later, the register being W. AY. Phelps, also a prominent old- timer. In 1858 the land office, having been removed to Hender- son, Minn., Mr. Graham went to that place, and remained three years, afterward returning to Red AYing, where he remained until his death, in the middle of May, 1891. A newspaper obitu- ary of his life said: “In politics, Mr. Graham was an unswerv- ing Democrat, and yet he was liberal in his political views, as in everything else. He served as mayor of Red AYing for one year, and was elected justice of the peace in 1869, since which he was almost unanimously re-elected every two years. In 1872 he was a candidate for Congress on the Democratic ticket, but was defeated by a small majority. He was a member of the Episco- pal church of Red Wing, and for a number of years was one of the vestrymen. He was also a member of Red Wing Lodge, No. 8, A. F. and A. M. Air. Graham was a man of the strictest integrity, a Christian in the highest Sense of the term, of superior talent, and one of the best public speakers in the state. He was very domestic in all his tastes, and no father was ever happier than he when surrounded by his children. He was phenomenally quick at repartee, and no one ever enjoyed a joke better than he or could see the ridiculous side of a proposition quicker than he, and his sayings became common property throughout this com- munity. He did not have an enemy in the world, and though a man of strong convictions, yet he never interfered in the belief of any one.” Mr. Graham was married July 7, 1837, to Louise II. Hargrave; born February 14. 1814. and died in January, 1895. Florence, the oldest child of Christopher C. Graham, now lives at Red AYing. In her honor the township of Florence, this county, was named. She was married January 8. 1872. to David AI. Taber; born June 26, 1840. in Massachusetts. Air. Taber was a lawyer, served as city and county attorney, and had a promis- ing career ahead of him when cut off by death in the prime of life, April 1, 1880, pneumonia being the cause of his decease. To this union was born one child, Christopher G. Airs. Florence Taber has taken up the work left by her father, and is known for her interest in all matters which tend toward the betterment of the city and county. Ralph G., son of Air. Taber by a former marriage, married Henrietta S. Pratt. He has been manager of the T. B. Sheldon Auditorium, and has met with much success as a magazine writer. Isabella, the second child died at the age of three years. John A. Graham, deceased, the third child of the Graham 70 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY family, was born in Boonville, Ind., and came to Red Wing with his parents in 1854 at the age of fourteen years. A printer by trade, he established here a printing establishment, and was on the high road of success when the Civil War broke out. He enlisted in the Union army October 10, 1861, was mustered-in November 7, 1861; served three years; was discharged for pro- motion; re-enlisted February 4, 1864; was promoted to sergeant; discharged for promotion September 17, 1864; promoted to lieu- tenant and honorably discharged at the close of the conflict. Returning to Red Wing, he entered the Avholesale store of Fred- rich, Kempe & Co., and also served as postal clerk. He died in 1903 at the hospital in Minnehaha. His wife, Amelia Lunenburg, whom he married at Galesburg, 111., in November, 1872, now lives in Red Wing. Mary, the fourth child of Christopher Graham, is deceased. She married Charles L. Davis, formerly editor of the “Argus,” who served as captain in the Union army, and is now postmaster at the capital. William, the fifth child, worked as a bank clerk in St. Paul and Red Wing. He died in 1879. Helen 0., the sixth child, occupies an important place in this community, and lives in the old homestead at 625 Fifth street. A musician of no little ability, she serves as organist in St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church, and her philanthropic and religious work is widely known. Mattie Graham, the seventh child, is Mrs. J. S. Coughlin, a well-known resident of Minneapolis. Jennie is Mrs. John Maginuis, of Portland, Ore., and Emma, the youngest, was a singer of considerable note, and received her musical education in Boston and in Europe. She is now Mrs. E. W. White, also of Portland, Ore. CHAPTER VI. UNDER EUROPEAN KINGS. French and English Claims — Spanish Rule — The Louisiana Pur- chase — A Part of Louisiana Territory — Under Successive Jurisdiction of Missouri, Michigan, Wisconsin and Iowa — No Man’s Land — General Sibley’s Duties — Minnesota a Terri- tory — In Statehood Days — A Full-Fledged County. To trace the early political history of Goodhue county, from the time of the undisputed possession by the Indians, is a some- what difficult task, owing to the fact that in the early days boun- daries, as given in treaties, and sometimes even in territorial acts, were rather indefinite, and sometimes obviously incorrect. The French and the English, who for so long, and for so many varied reasons, had caused Europe to flow with the blood of their rivalries, early became contestants for supremacy on the newly explored continent. By reason of the early explorations of De Soto, La Salle and others, both from the Gulf up the Mis- sissippi, and from the St. Lawrence down the Great Lakes, and thence overland, the French claimed as their possession the entire Mississippi valley, extending as far east as the Alleghany mountains, and westward indefinitely. The British claims to sovereignty was based on the fact that the early English explorers along the Atlantic coast had, in planting the English standard, laid claim to the country “from sea. to sea,” as was the recognized custom among the explorers sent out by the civi- lized nations of that day. This claim was further strengthened by the activities in the disputed territory of the Hudson Bay and Northwest Fur companies, more or less connected with the English government, who had established outposts to their Cana- dian trading stations, extending well into the .Mississippi valley. These rival claims were the cause of the early French and Indian wars of the New England colonies, and it will be remembered were the cause of Braddock’s memorable trip to Fort Duquesne, in which is now western Pennsylvania, upon which occasion Washing- ton took a part, and which has now become a portion of the annals of early United States history. At the close of these wars, 1763, 71 72 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY the Mississippi became the dividing line, and France ceded the entire tract west of the river to Spain. By the treaty follow- ing the American Revolution, practically all of what is now that portion of the United States lying east of the Mississippi, with the exception of Florida, which was later purchased from Spain, was virtually acknowledged as a part of the new American republic, Spain retaining her claim to the territory west of the Mississippi. In 1800, Spain restored the territory to France, and in 1803 Napoleon ceded it to the United States. This tenure of nearly forty years by Spain made no impress upon what is now Minnesota. The precarious grip of the French kings left no- political or racial influence, but the brave and courageous French explorers have bequeathed their names, written in fearless char- acters in the cognomens applied to cities and rivers ; and their deeds, set forth in manuscripts still preserved, will form a romantic page in the history of the state for all time to come. During these changes of possession, which were but moves in the game played on the checkerboards of European politics, the territory now known as Goodhue county remained in the prac- tical possession of the Indians, and untrod by white men, save as here and there an adventurer or trader landed upon the Mis- sissippi shore ; or a band of hardy soldiers established for a time their stockades. The task of dividing the great Louisiana pur- chase, of which the present Goodhue county was a part, became an important one. In 1812, Louisiana was admitted as a state, and the rest of the purchase was reorganized as Missouri territory. In 1819, Missouri framed a state constitution, and in 1834 the district north of Missouri and west of the Mississippi river was a part of the land placed under the jurisdiction of Michigan territory. When Wisconsin territory was organized, from the western part of Michigan, in 1836, the present states of Iowa and Minnesota were a part of it, and the seat of govern- ment was fixed a.t Burlington. June 12, 1838, Congress passed in act separating Iowa from Wisconsin, what is now Minnesota, west of the Mississippi, being included in the territory of Iowa. In Iowa territorial days the greater part of southern and south- eastern Minnesota was within the jurisdiction of Clayton county. Henry H. Sibley was a justice of the peace in that county. The minify seat was 250 miles distant, and his jurisdiction extended over a region of country, which, as lie expressed it, was “as large as the empire of France.” General Sibley lived in Men- dota, from 1835 to 1862, and in that time, without leaving home, he had lived in the territories of Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota, and in the state of Minnesota. From 1846 until March 3, 1849, when Minnesota was admitted as a territory, the state was practically a no-man’s land, being in a vague way HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY attached to Prairie du Chien, of Crawford county, Wisconsin, for judicial purposes, and having such law and order as could be enforced from Fort Snelling. Various bills were presented to Congress calling for the organization of the territory, all of which failed until 1849. Goodhue county, being in the posses- sion of the Sioux Indians, was little affected by the various changes in state and territorial ownership. With the inaugura- tion of President Zachary Taylor, March 5, 1849, the land now known as Goodhue county, having successively passed under the rule of France, Spain — and then France again — Louisiana, Mis- souri, Michigan, Wisconsin and Iowa, became a part of the terri- tory of Minnesota, of which political division it was designed later, 'in statehood days, to become so important a part. Mention of the fact that in the earliest days of Minnesota territory, Good- hue county w r as a part of the county of Wabasha, completes the territorial claim of title. CHAPTER VII. INDIAN TREATIES. Prairie dii Chien in 1825 — Second Treaty in 1830 — Treaty of 1837 — Doty Treaty in 1841 — Treaty of Mendota in 1851 — Land Open to Settlement — Prairie Island Indians. While the whites, at their own inclination, were shifting the sovereignty of the. vast tract including within its scope what is now Goodhue county, the Indians, nevertheless, had claims which the nations had, in a measure at least, to acknowledge. The Sioux were not only in practical, but in actual possession, and it was only after long negotiations that the country was opened for permanent white settlement. The treaty of Prairie du Chien, signed in 1825, was important to the Sioux living in this vicinity, in that it fixed certain boun- daries. The eastern boundary of the Sioux territory was to com- mence on the east bank of the Mississippi, opposite the mouth of the “Ioway” river, running back to the bluffs, and along the bluffs to the Bad Ax river; thence to the mouth of Black river, and thence to “half a day’s march” below the falls of the Chip- pewa. The boundary lines were certainly, in some respects, quite indefinite, and whether this was the trouble or not, at any event, it was but a few months after the treaty when it was evident that neither the Dakotas nor Ojibways were willing to be governed by the lines established — and hardly by any others. The first article of the treaty provided; “There shall be a firm and per- petual peace between the Sioux and the Chippewas ; between the Sioux and the confederated tribes of Sacs and Foxes; and between the loways and the Sioux.” But this provision was more honored in the breach than the observance, and in a little time the tribes named were flying at one another’s throats and engaged in their old-time hostilities. On the part of the Sioux this treaty was signed by Chiefs Wabasha, Little Crow, Standing Buffalo, Sleepy Eye, Two Faces, Tah-sah-ghee, or “His Cane;” Black Dog, Wah-ah-na-tah, or “The Charger;” Red Wing, Shakopee, Penishon and Eagle Head, and also by a number of head soldiers and “principal men.” The Chippewa signers were 74 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 75 Shingauba Wassa, Gitclie Gaubow, Wis Coup, or “Sugar,” and a number of sub-chiefs and principal men. In 1830, a second treaty with the Northwest Indian tribes was held at Prairie du Chien. Delegates were present from four bands of the Sioux, the Medawakantons, the Wapakootas, the Wahpatons and the Sissetons, and also from the Sacs, the Foxes and Iowas, and even from the Omahas, Otoes and Missouris, the homes of the last three tribes being on the Missouri river. At this treaty the Indian tribes represented ceded all of their claims to the land in western Iowa, northwestern Missouri, and especially the country of the Des Moines river valley. The lower bands had a special article inserted in the treaty for the benefit of their half-blood relatives: “The Sioux bands in council have earnestly solicited that they might have permission to bestow upon the half-breeds of their nation the tract of land within the following limits, to-wit : Beginning at a place called the Barn, below and near the village of the Red Wing chief, and running back fifteen miles; thence, in a parallel line, with Lake Pepin and the Mississippi river about thirty-two miles, to a point opposite Beef, or O’Boeuf, river, thence fifteen miles to the Grand Encampment, opposite the river aforesaid, the United States agree to suffer said half breeds to occupy said tract of country, they holding by the same title, and in the same manner that other Indian titles are held.” Certificates, or “script,” were issued to many half-breeds, and there was much speculation in them, and litigation over them, in subsequent years, a matter of which will be treated later in this history. The Sioux also ceded a tract of land twenty miles wide along the northern boundary of Iowa from the Mississippi to the Des Moines, the consideration for which was $2,000 in cash and $12,000 in merchandise. Iron Cloud, of the Red Wing village, was among the signers of this treaty. In the spring of 1837, Agent Taliaferro, who had in charge much of the early negotiation between the Indians and the United States, was instructed to organize an authoritative and reliable delegation of the lower bands of Sioux, to proceed to Washington and make a treaty ceding the lands claimed by them in what are now Wisconsin and Minnesota. These lands were the islands in the Mississippi and a strip of land of a few miles, varying in width from the mouth of the Broad Axe to the mouth of the Watab. The expedition as it started from Fort Snelling consisted of a number of Indian chiefs and head men, and several whites. At Red Wing the boat stopped to take on Wacoota and his head soldier; and at Winona, Wabasha and Thin Face joined the expedition. The treaty was concluded and signed Septem- ber 29 by Joel R. Poinsett, then secretary of war. For some HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 76 reason, which at the present time is not known, none of the rep- resentatives of Wabasha’s and Wacoota’s bands, as shown by the record, signed the treaty, although both chiefs were present, and Wabasha was head chief of the Medawakanton band. A consid- erable portion of the country ceded along the Wisconsin shore of the Mississippi was only across the river from their own lands, and they certainly had an interest in its disposition; but in the printed copies of the United States treaties their signatures do not appear. The Doty treaty, made at Traverse des Sioux, in July, 1841, failed to be ratified by the United States Senate. This treaty embodied a Utopian dream that a territory of Indians could be established, in which the redmen would reside on farms and in villages, living their lives after the style of the whites, having a constitutional form of government, with a legislature of their own people elected by themselves, the governor to be appointed by the president of the United States, much along the plan still followed in the Indian Territory, except that it embodied for the Indians a much higher type of citizenship than is found in the Indian Territory. The Indians were to be taught the arts of peace, to be paid annuities, and to be protected by the armies of the United States from their Indian enemies on the west. In return for these benefits to be conferred upon the Indians, the United States was to receive all the lands in what is now Minne- sota, the Dakotas and northwestern Iowa, except small portions, which were to be reserved for the redmen. This ceded land was for the most part to lie opened to the settlement of the whites, although the plan was to have some of it reserved for Indian tribes from other parts of the country who should sell their lands to the United States, and who, in being moved here, were to enjoy all the privileges which had been so beautifully planned for the native Indians. But no one can tell what would have been the result of this experiment, for the Senate, for political rea- sons, refused to ratify the treaty, and it failed of going into effect. Prior to 1851, only the land on the east of the Mississippi, with a few islands in that river, wore open to white settlement. The agitation started in the late forties resulted in the treaties which opened what is now Goodhue county and surrounding territory to settlement. July 22, the treaty of Traverse des Sioux was signed, and on July 29, 1851, the deliberations preceding the treaty at Mendota with the Wah-pa-koota and Medawakanton bands of Sioux were started. The chiefs and head men of these two bands were thoroughly conversant with the proceedings of the Indians and the representatives of the United States at Tra- verse des Sioux, and all were on hand, ready for the negotiations HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 77 at Mendota. The first session was held in the warehouse of the Fur Company at that place, but the Indians found the atmos- phere stifling, and not in accord with their usual method of outdoor councils, so the consideration of the treaty was taken up under a large brush arbor, erected by Alexis Badly, on an ele- vated plain near the high prominence known as Pilot Knob. Dr. Thomas Foster was secretary for Commissioners Lea and Ram- sey ; the interpreters were Alexander Faribault, Philander Prescott and Rev. G. H. Pond ; the white witnesses were David Olmsted, AY. C. Henderson, Alexis Bailly, Richard Chute, Henry Jackson. A. L. Carpenter, AA r . H. Randall. A. S. H. White. Id. L. Dousman, Fred C. Sibley, Alartin AIcLeod. George X. Faribault and Joseph A. AYheelock. On the opening of the first day’s session the object of the gathering was fully explained to the assembled Indians by the white commissioners. For the Indians, Wabasha, of the Medawakantons, replied as follows : The chiefs and braves who sit here have heard what you have said from our Great Father. I have but one thing to say to you, fathers, and then we will separate for the day. I was among those who went to Washington and brought home the words of our Great Father. Some of those here were there also, and some who went are now dead. According to what our Great Father then said, we have some funds lying back in his hands. We spoke of these funds to our fathers, the commissioners, who were here fall before last. These men you see around you are anxious to get that which is due them before they do anything. That is all I have to say now.” The Leaf Shooter (AYacoota), of the Red AYing band, rose and displayed the medal formerly worn by Chief AYambde Yah Kapi '(AYar Eagle That May Be Seen), who was killed by the Sacs and Foxes on the Des Moines river in July. 1849. He said: “My race had four chiefs, but they have passed away from us. The last one (AYar Eagle That May Be Seen) was made chief by my father, Governor Ramsey, who placed this medal about his neck. Father, I wish to have those who have killed the owner of this medal, pay for it. The fall before last, you spoke of this: the medal Avas then all bloody, and if you will look at it yo\i will see that it is still so. I wish you to wash that blood off. I return it to you. and if you will wipe off the blood, I will be glad. ” The commissioners reminded the Indians that in regard to the money which was due them under the treaty of 1837, a por- tion of which was being withheld, the treaty provided that it was to be paid to them at the direction and pleasure of the Great Father, the president; that the Indians had agreed to this when they signed the treaty, twelve years previous, and had never com- plained before. But Colonel Lea said that if the Indians would 78 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY come to an agreement in regard to the treaty, there would be no trouble about the back money. In regard to the medal, which is known in history as the bloody medal, owing to the Leaf Shoot- er’s poetic and figurative allusion to its ensanguined condition, Governor Ramsey said that he had demanded from the president that $1,000 should be taken from the annuities of the Sacs and Foxes and used as an emollient to cleanse the blood from the medal; and that $1,000 should be taken from the Sac and Fox fund for every Sioux killed by them, and the amount turned over to the relatives of the victims. He further said that in the exer- cise of his discretion, the president had concluded that the money he was keeping ought to be expended in the education of the Indian children, but that the matter could be settled amicably if the treaty were speedily signed. The next day a brief council was held under Alexis Bailly’s large brush arbor, which had been well appointed with stands, tables and seats for the chiefs. At this session, Wabasha, without comment, returned a draft of the treaty which on the previous day had been presented to the Indians for their consideration. There was an embarrassing silence for a time, and Colonel Lea said he hoped the treaty would soon be concluded, for he was at a great distance from his home, and having been a long time away, was most anxious to return. Chief Wacoota replied: “Our habits are different from those of the whites, and when we have anything important to consider it takes us a long time. To this diplomatic remark, Colonel Lea rejoined: “That is true; but this subject lias been before you a long time. You are chiefs, not women and children; you can certainly give us an answer tomorrow.” The council then adjourned for the day. The next day, at the opening of the council, Wabasha arose and said he had listened to the words sent them by the Great Father and which the commissioners had delivered; “but,” con- tinued he, “these other chiefs around me may have something to say also. I will sit and listen to what is said.” After a long, constrained, and doubtless uncomfortable silence, Little Crow, graceful and deliberate, arose, and addressed the council. Little Crow, chief of the Kaposia band, was, without doubt, according to the evidence of his contemporaries, the brainiest, shrewdest and most influential Indian then west of the Mississippi. Dressed elaborately for the occasion, with a white shirt and collar, a gaudy neckchief, his tastefully embroidered medicine bag sus- pended from his neck, a red belt, with a silver buckle, about his waist, and wearing a pair of elaborately beaded trousers and moccasins, his long, black, curling hair, soft and almost as silken as a white woman’s, flowing over his shoulders, and with his keen black eyes alight — he Avas indeed a striking and attractive fig- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 70 lire. His voice, attuned to the forests and the waterfalls, had nature’s own musical intonations, and when he began to speak even the little Indian children, playing about the outskirts of the council, were silent. As reported by Alexander Faribault, 1 the chieftain said : “Fathers: These chiefs and soldiers, and others who sit here, have something they wish said to you, and I am going to speak it for them. There are chiefs here who are older than myself, and I would rather they had spoken; but they have put it upon me to speak, although I feel as if my mouth was tied. These chiefs went to Washington long ago and brought back a good report concerning the settlement of our affairs in the treaty made there, and they and we were glad. But things that were promised in that treaty have not taken place. This is why these men sit still and say nothing. You perhaps are ashamed (or dis- graced; “ishtenya” in Sioux) of us ; but you, fathers, are the cause of it’s being so. They speak of money that is due them; it was mentioned the other day to Governor Ramsey, and we spoke .about it last fall, but we have not yet seen the money. We desire to have it laid down to us. It is money due on the old treaty, .and I think it should be paid; we do not want to talk about a new treaty until it is all paid.” The commissioners again declared that under the treaty the money which had been withheld was to be expended by the direc- tion of the president, and he had decided to apply it to the edu- cation of the Indian children.- Perhaps, they said, there has been a misunderstanding as to what the other treaty meant. They desired now to make a treaty that would be so plain that there could, and would be-no doubt, as to its meaning. Governor Ram- sey then said: “If this treaty can be arranged, as much money will be paid down to you as will be equal to your usual cash annuities for three years.” The governor then thought to bring matters to an immediate conclusion. “Do you wish,” he asked, “that this amount be paid to you as your other annuities have been?” The chiefs made a murmur of apparent assent, and the governor continued: “Do all the people want it paid in that way?” Little Crow replied that if it were divided for the Indians by the whites it would probably be best; if the Indians undertook to divide it there might be some difficulty. Governor Ramsey replied that the money was in “money boxes,” and a long time would be required to count the money and get it ready, and in the meanwhile they would go ahead with the treaty. But Tittle Crow said: “We will talk of nothing else but that money, if it is until next spring. That lies in the way of a treaty. I speak for others, and not for myself.” After some protests against further delay on the part of the so HI ST OB Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY commissioners, the Indians saying nothing, the council adjourned until it should be called by the Indians. The next day the Indi- ans remained in their quarters until late in the afternoon, when messengers came saying that the chiefs were all assembled at the council house and Avished their white fathers to attend. Very soon the council was in session, but after the opening there was a long silence. Finally Anah-ga-nahzhee (Stands Astride), the second chief, or head soldier of the band of his brother, Shako- pee, remarked that it had been decided in council, the Indian council, that Wacoota should speak to the Indians. But Wacoota asked to be excused, and that some other Indian should speak. “I am of the same mind with my friend here, Wabasha, and will sit and listen,” said Wacoota. There was no response. After a long wait the commissioners went oyer the whole subject a.gaiu, and the Indians yet remaining silent, Colonel Lea at last said : ‘ ‘ It is plain that the Medawakantons do not wish to sell their lands. I hope they will not regret it. This grieves my heart, and I know it will make the heart of your Great Father sad. Say to the chiefs and head men that we are all ready to meet them here tomorrow, or at any other time and place they desire.” The commissioners now hastily adjourned, apparently in great ill humor, leaving the chiefs still oft the benches, astounded at the conduct of their white brothers. There was air interregnum in the proceedings for four days. The time was spent by the whites in privately preparing a treaty which would be acceptable to the Indians. The Medawakantons had become partially reconciled. The head chief, Wabasha, was still opposed to any treaty as it had been proposed, but Little Crow and other sub-chiefs were in favor of one if the terms were fairly liberal and the assent of their bands could be obtained. Little Crow was particularly for a treaty and the sale of the big expanse of land to the westward, which, he said, did his people no good, which but very few of his band had ever visited, and which he himself had never seen. Lie disliked to abandon his old Kaposia home, because of its associations. Here were the graves of his father and mother and other kinspeople ; here was the site of his birthplace and of his boyhood, and here he had been chief of the old and noted band of his ancestoi’s for more than four yeai’s. But Little Crow was shrewd and intelligent, and knew that the whites were pressing upon his people as they had pressed upon the other red people, and that the result would be the same as it had been — the Indians would be compelled to leave their country and move on. The wise course, therefore, it seemed to him, was to obtain the best terms possible — to get all of the money and other supplies and the best permanent reservation to be had. It was asserted that Little Crow had been Avell bribed by the HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 81 traders, and by the commissioners, too, and that his opinions were the result of substantial considerations. If the charge were true, the conduct of Little Crow was somewhat strange. He spoke against considering the treaty until the money that was being held back should be paid in hand. He demanded a reserva- tion that should come down the Minnesota to Traverse des Sioux, and he wanted all the money and goods, and the most favorable terms generally that could be had. He was in frequent consulta- tion with the commissioners during the days of waiting, and at the last announced that he was ready to sign the treaty, although some of the Indians had sworn that they would shoot the first man of their tribe who put his hand to the goose quill prepara- tory to subscribing to the hated contract. Monday, August 5, was an eventful day in the deliberations. The council met at 11 o’clock in the morning, and Chief Good Road, of one of the bands about Fort Snelling, was the first speaker. He said: “We have several things to say about the various matters before we sign this treaty.” Colonel Lea replied: “The treaty has been prepared after we have all agreed as to its terms, and it is best not to delay any further. We will have the treaty read in English and explained in the Dakotali language, so that all can see that it is a good treaty.” Rev. S. R. Riggs, the missionary, read the treaty slowly, and explained it in Sioux very fully. Governor Ramsey then said: “The chiefs and head men have heard the treaty in their own language. Who will sign first?” There was a silence of some minutes, when Colonel Lea indicated that Little Crow should be the first to sign, but the chief smiled and shook his head. At last Wabasha arose and said : “You have requested us to sign this paper, and you have told these people standing around that it is for their benefit; but I do not think so. In the treaty you have read you mention a lot about farmers, schools, physicians, traders and half-breeds, who are to be paid out of the money. To all of these I am opposed. You see these chiefs sitting around here. They and some others, who are dead, went to Washington twelve years ago and made a treaty in which sonie things were said; but we were not bene- fited by them, and I want them struck out of this one. We want nothing but cash for our lands. Another thing : You have named a place for our home, but it is a prairie country. I am a man used to the woods, and do not like the prairies ; perhaps some of these who are here will name a place we would all like better. Another thing; when I went to Washington to see our Great Father, he asked us for our land, and we gave it to him, and he agreed to furnish us with provisions and goods for twenty years. I wish to remain in this country until that time expires. 82 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Colonel Lea made an indignant and severe reply to Wabasha, although as a matter of fact Wabasha’s request was not perhaps so very unreasonable. The colonel declared that the chief had a forked tongue, and was neither the friend of the white man or the Indians. “We know that the treaty does not meet his views, and we do not expect to be able to make one that will suit him,” said Colonel Lea, “We know that he tried to deceive the Indi- ans and us. lie wanted to have the Medawakantons and Wah- pakootas make a treaty by themselves — a separate treaty — and leave out the upper bands altogether. He did not want them to have a good treaty unless he could dictate just how it should be. He advised you to ask $6,000,000 for the land, which he knew was a foolish proposition. We are surprised to find a chief like him, whose father and grandfather were great chiefs. We have talked much about this treaty, and we have written and signed it, and now it is too late to talk of changing it.” After Colonel Lea had finished this stinging rebuke, which must have gone deep to the heart of the proud old chief, there was evident dissatis- faction among the Indians. Governor Ramsey quickly asked: “Will either of the principal chiefs sign? Do they say yes or no?” But they said neither. They were silent for a time, and •evidently displeased. For a while it looked as though the papers would not receive a single Indian signature. At last Bad Hail, the second chief of Gray Iron’s band, arose and said that if two claims against the whites could be settled, he and others would sign. Chief Shakopee then came forward and laid before the commissioners a written deed, made and signed by the Indians in 1837, and conveying to their kinswoman, Mrs. Lucy Bailly (nee Faribault), the wife of Alexis Bailly, three sec- tions of land, including the present site of the town of Shakopee. The chief said the Indians desired that this land be secured to Mrs. Bailly by the treaty, or that, instead, the sum of $10,000 in cash be paid her. Bad Hail presented another paper, providing that a provision be made in the treaty for the reservation of sev- eral hundred acres for the heirs of Scott Campbell, the noted old interpreter at Fort Snelling. Stands Astride, the second chief of Shakopee ’s band, demanded that the request made in both papers be complied with. But Colonel Lea replied: “Our Great Father will not allow us to write such things in treaties. If you wish to pay Mrs. Bailly $10,000 you can do so out of your own money when the treaty is ratified, and you can pay Scott Camp- bell’s heirs as much as you please; the money will be yours.” Little Crow again spoke, and was, as before, listened to with the deepest attention. He said he had been raised in a country where there were plenty of trees and extensive woods, in which wild game could be found. If the Indian reservations were made HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 83 to extend eastward to Traverse des Sioux, there would be plenty of woods, and he would be satisfied. The land provided for the future home of his band was too much prairie. Shakopee’s brother now came forward, and speaking very loudly and earn- estly, and to the point, said he represented the Indian soldiers, or braves, and was one of the owners of the land. ‘‘The chiefs don’t seem to do anything,” he said, “and we must be heard.” Like Little Crow, he thought the east line of the proposed reser- vation was too high up in the prairies, and he indicated Lake Minnetonka and Minnehaha creek as the locality where he thought the Medawakantons Avould, in the future, be Avilling to live and die, to make it the perpetual home of the band. He said the soldiers were satisfied with the other parts of the treaty. Governor Kamsey saAv a A’aluable opportunity. He began flatter- ing not only the warrior Avho had spoken, but also the other Indian soldiers, saying they had spoken out boldly and like men. The commissioners, he said, have been Avaiting to hear AA’hat the warriors Avanted. “Now,” said the governor, ‘Gve Avill come doAvn with the reservation to the Little Lock river, A\ r here it empties into the Minnesota; this line Avill certainly gh T e you timber enough.” Another soldier arose ancl demanded that the treaty with the ChippeAvas be abrogated so that he and the other Sioux could go to Avar against them AAdienever they pleased. No attention Avas paid to this speech except to laugh at it. Then Chief AVacoota, the mild mannered, gentle hearted head of the Red AA T ing band, arose, and speaking someAvhat sloAvly and delib- erately, made a somewhat lengthy speech, in which he said that the treaty was all right upon its face, but the Indians, and he among them, feared that when it Avas taken to AYaskington it Avould be changed to their great injury, just as the treaty of 1837 had been changed. “I say it in good feeling,” declared AVacoota, “but I think you yourselves believe it will be changed without our consent, as the other treaty Avas.” He said as to future reservation, he Avanted it south of where he and his band then lived (in the Cannon river country), or he would like his particular reserA’ation to be at Pine Island or on the Mis- sissippi, Avliich locality, he asserted, was a good place for the Indians. He Avanted this condition put in the treaty if it was right and just, but if not, then “say no more about it.” He declared he Avas pleased Avith the treaty generally, but hoped that the farming for the Indians would be better done than it had been. Governor Ramsey complimented AVacoota “as a man I aUvays listen to AA’ith great respect.” AVacoota, it will thus be seen, Avanted the reserA r ation in the south part of AA’hat is uoav Minnesota, practically in Avhat is now Goodhue county, others wanted it in other places, in fact there was so Avide a diversity 84 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY of opinion that the red men would probably never have agreed among themselves, even if the matter had been left entirely to them. The commissioners honestly considered that they had selected a good place for the Indian reservation. There would be plenty of wood and water, and the Indians could continue to hunt in the big woods and elsewhere in their former hunting grounds as usual until the whites should come in and settle upon the lands. Wabasha now arose and asked whether or not is was designed to distinguish the chiefs and second chiefs by marks of distinc- tion, and to allow them more money than the common Indians should receive. Colonel Lea answered: “Wabasha now talks like a man.’’ The colonel said that it was clue to the station and responsibility of the chiefs that they should be distinguished from the other Indians. He said that each chief ought to have a medal and a good house to live in, so that when his friends came to see him they could be accommodated properly. Wabasha again arose. This time he turned his back upon the commissioners and spoke to his warriors somewhat vehemently, but with dignity. “Young men,” he said, “you have declared that the chief who got up first to sign the treaty, you would like killed ; it is this talk that has caused all the difficulty. It seems that you have agreed among yourselves that you will sell the land, and you have done it in the dark. I want you to say now outright, before all the people here, whether you are willing to sell the land.” Shakopee’s brother, the speaker for the warriors, sprang to his feet and called out excitedly: “Wabasha has accused us of something we never thought of. The warriors heard that the chiefs were making a treaty and they did not like it, for the land really belongs to the warriors and not to the chiefs ; but they never spoke of killing the chiefs. It was true that the soldiers have got together and agreed to sell the land; they have told him so, and now I have said so.” Governor Ramsey, seeing his opportunity, quickly said: “This, then, being the understand- ing, let the soldiers tell us what chief shall sign first.” Medicine Bottle, the head soldier of Little Crow’s Kaposia band, arose and said: “To the people who did not go to Washington and make the treaty — to them belongs the land on this side of the river. There is one chief among us who did not go to Washington at that time, and the soldiers want him to sign first. He has been a great war chief, and he has been our leader against the Chip- pewas. It is Little Crow. AVe want him to sign first.” Little Crow promptly arose. Without a tremor he faced the scowling warriors who had opposed the treaty, and in his well known clarion voice, keyed to a high pitch, he thus addressed them : “Soldiers, it has been said by some of you that the first that HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUXTY 85 signs this treaty you will kill. Now I am willing to be first, but I am not afraid you will kill me. If you do, it will be all right. A man has to die sometime, and he can die but once. It matters little to me when my time comes, nor do I care much how it comes, though I would rather die fighting our enemies. I believe this treaty will be best for the Dakotas, and I will sign it, even if a dog kills me before I lay down the goose quill.” Then turning to the commissioners, he said: “Fathers, I hope you will be willing to let our new reservation come down to the Traverse des Sioux, so that' our people can be comfortable and not crowded, and have plenty of good hunting and fishing grounds. The Swan lake and other lakes have plenty of fish and wild rice and there is plenty of wood. Rock creek is not far enough down for us. I am glad that we can hunt in the big woods as heretofore, but I hope you will bring our new home down to Traverse des Sioux.” If Little Crow’s request had been granted, the eastern boundary of the new reservation would have extended about forty miles below Rock creek, or two miles east of St. Peter, and would have included the present sites of that city, New Ulm and Mankato. The commissioners declined the request. Colonel Lea said: “The reservation is all right as it is.” Governor Ramsey said: “We have marked out a large piece of land for your home ; the soldiers asked us for more and we gave it. It is all that we can do.” Colonel Lea added: “No man puts any food in his mouth by much talk, but often gets hungry if he talks too long. Let the Little Crow and the other chiefs step forward and sign.” Finding the commissioners firm, Little Crow now stepped to the table and, being handed a chair, sat down and signed each of the duplicate copies of the treaty. It has been said that Little Crow was taught to write by the Rev. Briggs at Lac qui Parle, and another account declares with equal assurance that his teacher was the Rev. Dr. Williamson, at Ivaposia. To the treaty Little Crow signed his original name, Tali O-ya-te Duta, meaning His Red Nation. Wabasha was the next to sign, making his mark. Then the other chiefs, head soldiers and principal warriors crowded around to affix their marks. In all there were sixty-five Indian signatures. Of Wa- coota’s band, the following affixed their signatures: Chief Wah- koo-tay, the Shooter ; his head soldier. Iron Cloud ; and his principal warriors, Good Iron Voice, Stands on the Ground, Stands Above, Sacred Fire, Red Stones, Sacred Blaze and Iron Cane. At Mendota, as at Traverse des Sioux, when the treaty was concluded, each Indian signer stepped to another table where lay another paper which he signed. This was called the traders’ paper, and was an agreement to pay the “just debts,” so called. 86 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY of the Indians, including those present and absent, alive and dead, owing to the traders and the trading company. Some of the accounts were nearly thirty years old, and the Indians avIio had contracted them were dead; but the bands willingly assumed the indebtedness and agreed that it might be discharged out of the first money paid them. The territory ceded by the two treaties was declared to be: “All their lands in the state of Iowa, and also all their lands in the territory of Minnesota lying east of the following line, to-wit : Beginning at the junction of Buffalo river with the Red River of the North (about twelve miles north of Morehead, at Georgetown station, in Clay county), thence along the western bank of said Red River of the North, to the mouth of the Sioux AYood river; thence along the western bank of said Sioux Wood river to Lake Traverse; thence along the western shore of said lake to the southern extremity thereof ; thence, in a direct line, to the juncture of Kampeska lake with the Tehan-Ka-Sna-Duka, or Sioux river ; thence along the western bank of said river to its point of intersection with the northern line of the. state of Iowa, including all islands in said rivers and lakes.” The lower bands, in which designation were included Wa- coota’s and Wabasha’s bands, were to receive $1,410,000, to be paid in the manner and form following : For settling debts and removing themselves to the new reservation, $220,000, one-half to the Medawakanton bands, and one-half to the single Wahpa- koota band ; for schools, mills, and opening farms, $30,000. Of the principal of $1,410,000, the sum of $30,000 in cash was to be distributed among the two bands as soon as the treaty was ratified, and $28,000 was to be expended annually under the president’s direction as follows: To a civilization fund, $12,000; to an educational fund, $6,000; for goods and provisions, $10,000. The balance of the principal, or $1,160,000, was to remain in trust with the United States ‘at five per cent interest, to be paid annually to the Indians for fifty years, commencing July 1, 1852. The $58,000 annuity interest was to be expended as the first installment — $30,000 in cash, $12,000 for civilization, $6,000 for education, and $10,000 for goods and provisions. The back annuities under the treaty of 1837 remaining unexpired were also to be paid annually. Their reservation was to extend from the mouth of the Yellow Medicine and Hawk creek southeasterly to the mouth of Rock creek, a tract twenty miles wide and about forty-five miles in length. The half-breeds of the Sioux were to receive in cash $150,000 in lieu of the lands allowed them under the Prairie du Chien treaty of 1830, but which they had failed to claim. The written copies of the Traverse des Sioux and the Men- HISTOBY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 87 dota treaties, duly signed and attested, were forwarded to Wash- ington to be acted upon by the senate at the ensuing session of Congress. An unreasonably long delay resulted. Final action was not had until the following summer, when, on July 23, the senate ratified both treaties with important amendments. The provisions for reservations for both the upper and lower bands were stricken out, and substitutes adopted, agreeing to pay ten cents an acre for both reservations, and authorizing the president, with the assent of the Indians, to cause to be set apart other reservations, which were to be within the limits of the original great session. The provision to pay $150,000 to the half-bloods of the lower bands was also stricken out. The- treaties, with the changes, came back to the Indians for final ratification and agreement t'o the alterations. The chiefs of the lower bands at first objected very strenuously, but finally, on Saturday, September 4, 1852, at Governor Ramsey’s residence in St. Paul, they signed the amended articles, and the following Monday the chiefs and head men of the upper bands affixed their marks. As amended, the treaties were proclaimed by President Fillmore February 24, 1853. The Indians were allowed to remain in their old villages, or if they preferred, to occupy their reservations as originally designated, until the president selected their new homes. That selection was never made, and the original reservations were finally allowed them. The removal of the lower Indians to their designated reservation began in 1853, but was intermittent, interrupted, and extended over a period of several years. The Indians went up in detachments, as they felt inclined. After living on the reservation for a time, some of them returned to their old hunting grounds about Men- dota, Kaposia, Wabasha, Red Wing and the Cannon river country, where they lived continuously for some time, visiting their reservation and agency only at the time of the payment of their annuities. Finally, by the offer of cabins to live in, or other substantial inducements, nearly all of them were induced to settle on the Redwood Reserve, so that in 1862, at the time of the outbreak, less than twenty families of the Medawakantons and Wahpakootas were living off their reservation. With the subsequent history of, these Indians this volume will not deal in detail ; the purpose of dealing with the Indians thus far in this chapter having been to show the various negotiations by which Goodhue county and the surrounding territory came into the possession of the whites and was thus opened for settlement and development. A few of the descendants of the original Goodhue county Sioux now live at Prairie Island, where they have a settlement of their own and a small Episcopal chapel. It will be recalled 88 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY that after the signing of the treaty ceding this and other counties to the whites the Indians moved to the designated reservation. After the Indian outbreak of 1862 they were removed to the Santee reservation in Nebraska. For several years after the out- break an Indian’s life was not safe in this county, . among the indignant whites. The intense feeling after a time died away, and a few Indians wandered back. Their hearts longed for the scenes of their youth, and one by one they located on Prairie Island. Finally several families relinquished their rights in the Santee country, and in return the government built them houses and made them as comfortable as possible at Prairie Island. The annuities have now expired, and these descendants of the original owners earn their living on their little farms and do various work for the farmers of the county. Their children attend the public schools, and the families evidently live in con- tentment and happiness, although in their hearts they still long for the old days of hunting and fishing and the free, wild out- door life, when the country was all theirs and the demands of conventionality unknown. Hon. William C. Williston, now deceased, was one of the most eminent of Minnesota jurists, occupying the bench of the First Judicial district from 1891 until the time of his death, June 22, 1909. He was born at Cheraw, Chesterfield county, South Caro- lina, June 22, 1830, son of William Iv. and Annis (Chapman) Williston, the former of whom was a native of Simsbury, Conn., and the latter of South Hampton, Mass. The parents went to South Carolina in the late twenties, and there the father engaged in the mercantile business. In 1834 the family removed to Char- don, Geauga county, Ohio. There the mother died in 1863, and the father came to Red AVing, where he ended his days. During his boyhood, William was an apt pupil in the schools of his neigh- borhood, and early entertained the idea of studying for the legale profession. Such an opportunity later presented itself, and after several years of training in the office of Riddle & Thrasher, of Chardon, Ohio, he was admitted to the bar in 1854. His first practice was as a junior partner in the office of his preceptors, the firm name being Riddle, Thrasher & AVilliston. Two years later Air. Williston left Chardon and came to Red Wing, becom- ing a partner in the firm of Wilder & Williston in 1859. In 1862 the Civil War had broken out, and repeated calls for volunteers were being sent to the northern states. Desiring to be of service to his country, Mr. Williston raised a company of volunteers, of which he was elected captain. This company was organized in August, 1862, with the expectation of doing service in the South, but the outbreaking of the Indian outrages caused a demand for fighting nearer home. Going into service as Company G, Seventh HISTORY OS GOODHUE COUNTY 89 Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, Captain Williston ’s command was ordered with the rest of the regiment on an expedition against the Indians. The regiment engaged in the battle of Wood Lake, September 22, 1862, and was stationed at frontier posts until May, 1863, when again ordered on an Indian expedition, engaging the Reds in battle July 24, 26 and 28, 1863. Company G was then ordered to St. Louis, Mo., October 7, 1863, where Captain Willis- ton remained till the spring of ’64, when he tendered his resigna- tion and after its acceptance returned to Red Wing, where he resumed his practice with Judge Wilder. In 1872 he entered into partnership with 0. M. Hall, this arrangement continuing for several years. His first appointment as district judge came in 1891 from Governor William R. Merriam. He was elected to the position in 1892, and then successively re-elected until his death. His associate on the bench was the Hon. F. M. Crosby, of Hast- ings. Judge Williston represented the county in the legislature in 1873-74, served in the senate in 1876-77, was clerk of the city schools seventeep years, and city attorney several terms at vari- ous times. He was an independent voter, a communicant of the Episcopal Church for fifty years, and a member of the Masons. William .C. Williston was married in 1854. at Chardon, Ohio, to Mary E. Canfield, of that place, daughter of Austin and Lodemia (Benton) Canfield. To this union were born two sons and two daughters. William F. C. is deceased. Julia W. is the wife of John H. Rich of Red Wing. Annie C. is the wife of Louis Phelps, now of Wyoming. Eugene, the youngest son, died in infancy. CHAPTER VIII. INDIAN TROUBLES. * Half-Breed Tract — The Location and Purpose — Issue of Scrip — Difficulties Which Ensued — Threats and Recourse to Wash- ington Finally Settle the Matter — Spirit Lake Massacre — Investigation by Red Wing Men — Uprising of 1862. The difficulty in regard to the “Half-breed tract,” so called, was a source of much inconvenience to the early settlers in Goodhue county. As has previously been mentioned, the lower bands of Sioux had succeeded in having set off a certain tract of land, lying largely in the present Goodhue county, "for the benefit of their half-bloods. There is little doubt that the Indian traders and those in their employ Avere the chief instruments in having such a reservation made. The persons who would be entitled to share in the tract were at that time chiefly children under age. This' land was not laid off into townships and sections by the surveyors until about a year after the other parts of the county had been surveyed. A few settlers, however, had, by permission of some of the relatives of the Indians, settled within the tract. Some had purchased rights of some mixed bloods and had made a claim accordingly. When the United States survey was finally made, no attention was paid to previous boundaries, the townships and sections being laid down in the usual order, and in conformity with the adjacent lands. Soon after the land office was opened in Red Wing, a list of the names of all persons entitled to a share in the reserved tract was made out and sent to the general land office in Washington. Scrip was immediately issued to each name, designating the number of acres the person named was entitled to. General Shields brought the scrip to Minnesota for distribution. A great portion of this scrip passed into the hands of parents or guard- ians of children, and from them it passed into the hands of speculators. About this time there were probably two hundred families of whites settled upon this tract. Many of them held quit claims from individual half-breeds for a certain number of acres. But the land office could not recognize the quit claims, 90 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 91 for obvious reasons. Nothing but the scrip from the general land office would avail in filing an entry upon any portion of this land. Speculators saw their opportunity and began to take up the land by “laying the scrip,” as the act was called, in the land office. The choicest locations were already occupied by settlers, and those who held scrip could enter the lands these settlers had chosen, in many cases where extensive improvements had been made, the soil broken, crops raised, and buildings and fences erected. The actual settlers had the sympathy of all the surrounding population, but holders of the scrip had the legal advantage of the situation, and commenced to obtain titles to farms already improved. This caused the settlers to rally in self-defense. Red Wing, in particular, was a scene of excite- ment, for here was located the land office, and the eastern part of the township was included in this troublesome tract. Meetings were held by the actual settlers and counsel taken as to methods of procedure. They assessed upon themselves a tax, raised money, and sent one man to Washington to demand justice, as they called it, in their behalf. They" secured from the land office correct copies of plats of all the townships and fractional townships included within the tract, and upon whatever quarter- section a settler had made his improvements, that quarter-section was definitely marked. Holders of scrip were publicly warned against filing upon such land. At a meeting of those interested in the cause of the settlers, which was held at the Kelleys House rn Red Wing. March 17, 1856, a vigilance committee was chosen to prevent any more scrip being laid upon land already occu- pied. This committee was empowered to demand that in every case where scrip had been laid on the land of actual settlers said scrip should immediately be raised. This committee was composed of twenty-one members. They were men of dauntless courage and muscular power, and devoted their whole time and energy to the tvork appointed until it was accomplished. Two of them stood as sentinels at the land office, armed with loaded revolvers, constantly watching every r transaction therein, being relieved by r another two at stated times. In the meantime the majority of the committee were acting as detectives, arresting and bringing to trial those who had offended, the trial not being before a court of justice, but before the committee. There was at that time no court house and no jail, and the lawyers knew that the scrip holders were acting within their legal rights. The kind of justice meted out is shown by the following case, related by the Rev. J. AY. Hancock: “A former Indian trader lived on Lake Pepin. He had been a member of the territorial legislature, was a man of some notoriety, whose well known character has procured for him the 92 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY title of ‘Bully.’ He had succeeded in ‘laying’ some half-breed scrip upon land occupied by a settler. The committee watched his movements, knowing that his family was entitled to a large amount of scrip, and waited for his next visit to the land office, which was not many days after. He came as far as the door of the land office, when he was taken into the custody of a strong guard of armed men, whose leader commanded him to march into the office forthwith and raise the entry he had made upon a settler’s land by scrip. He utterly refused to comply with this demand and defied the committee to compel him to do so. Meantime preparations were made for his trial and its conse- quences. Witnesses were summoned and he was convicted of refusing to obey the mandate of the committee. He was then escorted down to the river, which was still covered with ice, although it was near the close of March. Very near the middle of the stream a hole had been cut big enough to put a good sized man into. He was there told to take his choice either to go immediately to the land office, and in the presence of the members of the committee, raise that entry of scrip or be put down through the ice. He looked into the faces of those determined men a moment, and made up his mind to go and do as they had ordered in relation to the scrip.” There were several eases of this kind, disposed of by threats, but it is said that no personal injury was inflicted on anyone** A few weeks later a decision from the land office at Washington obviated the need of such a committee. By this decision, those who had settled upon a tract and made improvements thereon had the preemption and homestead rights, the same as on other government lands. The same decision granted to the holders of half-breed scrip the privilege of laying the same upon any other government land not previously claimed by an actual settler. All the vacant land on the half-breed tract was taken very soon after this decision, the situation near the river enhanc- ing its value. The disadvantage of a distance of a few miles from market was considered a great drawback in those days, before the advent of the railroads. Few or none of the mixed bloods ever cared to settle on the land thus set apart for them. Occa- sionally, a decade or so afterward, there was an echo of this half-breed affair, when some half-blood whose guardian had sold his (the half-breed’s) scrip rights would, upon attaining his majority, demand of the settler on the property that he, too, he paid. In most cases these demands were complied with, the farmers, whose land had greatly enhanced in value, deeming it wiser to pay a small sum than to undergo the expense of a lawsuit. Thus passed the last vestige of Indian title to the rich valleys HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 93 and plains of this county, which was once, ancl for countless generations, a camping’ and hunting ground of the red men. Any account of the relations between the Indians and Good- hue county whites would be incomplete without mention of the Spirit Lake massacre. The Sioux of Red Wing’s village used to boast that although they had killed the Chippewas whenever they had found any, they nor any of their tribe had ever killed a white person. But this was in 1850 that they so proudly made their boast of their peaceable inclination toward the whites. In the spring of 1856 Red Wing enterprise fitted out a company of men consisting of G. W. Granger, Barton Snyder and Isaac Harriett, and sent them down to Spirit lake to select land claims and found a town. In the fall of 1856 there were seven cabins around the lake, all of which were occupied. The occupants were a man named Thatcher and family. Marble and family, Judge HoAve and family, Mattox and family, and Isaac Harriett, Barton Snyder and G. W, Granger, the three last named occupy- ing one cabin and keeping “bachelor’s hall.” For some years previous to this, a few Dakota Indians and outlaAvs, under the lead of an excommunicated Dakota Indian named Inkpadootah, had been roving through that part of Iowa. They had been driven away from their oaa'u people and were a band unto themselves — insolent, devilish, murderous Avretches; and on Sunday, March 8, 1856, they came to Spirit Lake, and almost immediately commenced their hellish Avork. Mr. Neill says they proceeded to a cabin occupied only by men, and asked for beef. Understanding, as they afterward asserted, that they received permission to kill one of the cattle, they did so, and com- menced cutting it up, when one of the Avhite men AA r ent out and knocked the Dakota doAA'n. In retaliation the white man Avas shot ancl killed, and, surrounding the house, the Indians set fire to the thatched roof and killed the occupants as they attempted to escape from the burning building — eleA^en in all. •Other authorities say there Avas no beef demanded by the Indians, no beef killed, and that Inkpadootah Avas not assaulted by any of the white men, but that the attack Avas instigated solely and simply by Indian treachery and thirst for blood. This ver- sion of the affair is maintained by Isaac Lauver, W. AY. DeKay, George Huntington and a Mr. Patten, who Avent down to Spirit Lake from Red Wing about the 31st of March, as soon as they heard of the massacre, to bury the remains of the murdered victims and look after the claim interests. At about the same time the murdering wretches went to a cabin occupied by a man named Gardner and his family, and asked for something to eat. Everything in the house was given Them. While they were disposing of Gardner’s hospitality, his 94 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY son-in-law and another man who was there went out to see if everything was right at the neighboring cabin— the one just mentioned as being set on fire. It was their last mission, for some of the Indians were in ambush, and shot and killed them also. The Indians left Gardner’s after securing all the food the cabin contained, but returned in the latter part of the after- noon and killed Gardner, his wife, two daughters and his grand- children, and carried away as a prisoner one other, named Abbey. That night or the next morning they visited the homes of Noble and Thatcher, avIio had settled there, and carried Mrs. Noble and Mrs. Thatcher prisoners to their camp. On Monday a man named Markham went to Gardner’s on some errand, and found the murdered bodies of the entire family. Markham hid himself until darkness came on, and then went to Springfield and reported the murder. The following Thursday, March 12, an Indian called at Marble’s cabin, three miles above Thatcher’s, and told her that the white people down the lake had been nipped (killed) a day or two before. This intelligence alarmed the Marbles, the more so as the great depth of snow then on the ground had prevented communication with the settlement below for some days; but, fearing the worst, it was impossible for the Marble family to inaugurate any measures for flight, or other means of safety. The next morning, Friday, the 13th, four Indians, with friendly bearing, came to Marble’s and bantered him to trade rifles. The trade was made, after which they prevailed on Marble to go out on the lake and shoot at a mark. After a few shots they turned in the direction of the house, and managing to get Marble in advance of them, the Indians shot him, and he fell dead in his tracks. Mrs. Marble, who had been watching the maneuvering of the fiends, saw her husband fall, and ran to him, when the bloody wretches seized her and told her they would not kill her, but that they would take her with them, and she was carried to the camp, where they had previously taken Mrs. Noble and Mrs. Thatcher and Miss Gardner. Inkpadootali and his followers next went to Springfield, where, a week or two later, they butchered the entire settlement. The alarm was sent to Fort Ridgely, and a detachment of soldiers was sent out in pursuit. They found and buried two bodies, and the Iowans, avIio had volunteered and started out to avenge the murders and outrages as soon as they heard of their perpetration, found and buried twenty-nine others. Besides these thirty-one bodies that were found and buried, others were still missing. Learning that soldiers were in pursuit of them, the outlaAvs made haste to leave the vicinity of their depredations, carrying the four women along with them. They were forced to carry HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 95 heavy burdens by day, and to cut wood, build fires and do other camp duty when night came. In consequence of poor health and recent childbirth, Mrs. Thatcher became burdensome, and at Big Sioux river, when attempting to cross on the trunks of trees fallen from the opposite banks, she was pushed off into the deep, cold water by one of the Indians. She swam to the shore, when they pushed her back into the current, and then shot at her, as if she were a target, until life was extinct. In May two men from Lac qui Parle, who had been taught to read and write, while on their spring hunt found themselves in the neighborhood of Inkpadootah and his party. Having heard that they held some American women in captivity, the two brothers visited the camp, though this was at some risk of their own lives, since Inkpadootah ’s hand was now against every man, and found the outlaws and succeeded in bargaining for Mrs. Marble, whom they conveyed to their mother’s mission and reclothed in civilized costume. From thence she was con- veyed to St. Paul, where the citizens welcomed her and made up a purse of $1,000, with which she was presented. The rescue of the other two women was now resolved upon, and Flandrau, the Dakota agent, commissioned a “good Indian” named Paul by the whites to accomplish their redemption. He was fitted out with a wagon, two horses and some valuable presents, and started on his mission. He found Inkpadootah and his iniquitous cut-throats with a band of Yanktons on the James river. Only Miss Gardner was living. Mrs. Noble had been murdered a few nights before. She had been ordered to go out and be subject to the wishes of the party, and refusing to go, a son of Inkpadootah dragged her out by the hair of her head and killed her. The next morning a Dakota- woman took Miss Gardner out to see the corpse, which had been horribly treated after death. By perseverance and large presents, Paul succeeded in redeeming Miss Gardner, and she was taken to the mission house. From there she was taken to St. Paul, from whence she was sent to her sister in Iowa. The same year, about the last of June or first of July, Ink- padootah ’s son, said to have been the murderer of Mrs. Noble, was killed while seeking to escape arrest for that cruel butchery. Reports became current that he was in camp on Yellow Medicine river. Flandrau and a detachment of soldiers from Fort Ridgely, acompanied by some Indian guides, started for the camp to arrest him. As they approached the camp the alarm was given and the murderer ran from his lodge and concealed himself in the brush near the river, but was soon uncovered and shot by United States soldiers. The rest of the gang managed to escape, and are said to have taken refuge beyond the Missouri river. 96 III STORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY The Red Wing party who went down to Spirit Lake to bury the dead, etc., as already mentioned, found the remains of Granger by the side of the cabin he occupied in common with Snyder and Harriett. Granger had first been shot, and then his head cut off from above the mouth and ears with a broadaxe. The remains of Harriett and Snyder were found about forty rods distant, with several bullet holes through their bodies. The presumption was they had started out to defend one of the other cabins and that they were shot and killed where their bodies were found. Aside from the scare, which was general up and down the •state, the people of Goodhue county did not suffer during the outbreak of 1862, although a number of men from the county participated in General Sibley’s expedition against the murderers. Judge Eli T. Wilder, whose name will always stand for that which was sturdy and g'ood in pioneer life, was born in Hart- land, Conn., November 27. 1813. There he spent his early boy- hood, and attended the district schools. In 1837, at the age of nineteen, he moved to Ashtabula, Ohio, later going to. Paynes- ville, in the same state, where he commenced the practice of law. In the early fifties he was elected judge of the court of common pleas of that district, a position he filled faithfully and honor- ably. In 1855 he started a real estate office in Dubuque, Iowa, with offices in several adjoining villages and town. It was in 1856 that he took up his home in Red Wing. Arriving here, he continued the land business and again took up the prac- tice of law. In this profession he associated himself with Judge W. A. Williston, the firm name being Wilder and Williston. He was one of the first members of Christ church, of Red Wing, presented that church with a beautiful altar, and devoted the latter years of his life largely to church work. He was one of the first wardens and continued in that position until the time of his death. At one time Judge Wilder was persuaded to run for congress on the Democratic ticket, to which party he paid his political allegiance. He died at his home here, June 3, 1904. Judge Wilder was first, married to Julia W. Wakefield, of Con- necticut, who died in 1866. In 1868, at Waterloo, N. Y., he was married to Larissa Kendig, who survived him. At the time of his death it was said of him: “Judge Wilder was an ideal citi- zen, honest and upright in all his dealings, and always taking a deep interest in the welfare and progress of the city.” Hon. E. T. Wilder Goodhue County Court House CHAPTER IX. BEGINNING OF THE COUNTY. Boundary Lines Given — First Election — “Judge” Young and His Ballot Box — Imported Voters — County Officers Appointed — First Session of Board — Court House Resolution — School Districts — A Few Early Sessions — Court House Contract — 1849 - 1858 . The first legislature of the new territory met at St. Paul, September 3, 1849, and adjourned November 1 of the same year. This legislature at once set about performing the highly impor- tant work of dividing the territory into counties. Those created at that time were Washington, Ramsey, Benton, Itaska, Wabasha, Dakota, Cass and Pembina. The land designated as comprising the first three counties named had been ceded to the United States by the Indians, who still remained in practical possession of the rest of the territory. It was therefore declared in the act that the other named counties were organized for the purpose of the appointment of justices of the peace, constables, and such other judicial officers as might be specially provided for. The county of Wabasha, as defined by that legislature, included all that part of the territory lying east of a line running due south from Pine Bend, on the Mississippi river, to the Iowa line, which tract has since been divided into eight counties, namely, Wa- basha, Winona, Olmsted. Fillmore, Houston, Mower, Dodge and Goodhue. March 5, 1853, when the present counties of Dakota and Goodhue were set off. the boundaries Avere rather vaguely and indefinitely outlined, on account of the absence of United States surveys. Goodhue county was then bounded as follows: Beginning at the southeast corner of Dakota county, thence due southeast on a line twenty-five miles, thence on a due line to Lake Pepin, at a point on said lake seven miles below Sand Point, thence up the middle of said lake and the Mississippi river to the boundary line of Dakota county, thence along the line of said county to the place of beginning. These boundaries were modified by subsequent legislation, February 23, 1854, and made to conform with the United States survey. The county of 97 100 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY presented, as follows : W. S. Combs, blank books, .$23.85 ; Leman Bates, assessor, $6; John Day, assessor, $16; total, $45.85. The returns made by the assessors showed the assessed valuation of taxable property in the first and second districts to be $63,305. The estimated expenses of the county for the year 1854 were $554.09, and it was ordered that a tax of one per cent be raised on the assessment to meet the same. Charles Spates was ap- pointed road supervisor of road district No. 1, which extended east to the west side of Hay creek and embraced all the north- western portion of the county from that line. T. J. Smith was appointed supervisor of road district No. 2, which extended from the west side of Hay creek to Bullard’s creek, .embracing the middle portion of the county. Charles Reed was appointed super- visor of road district No. 3, embracing all the southern portion of the county from the line of Bullard’s creek. ‘William Free- born, P. Sandford and Leman Bates were appointed judges of election in the Red W T ing precinct, and Alexis Bailey, Charles Reed and F. S. Richardson in the Wabasha precinct, Wabasha having attached to this county for judicial purposes. The following resolution was passed : Resolved, To raise $600 toward the erection of county buildings next year; Provided, that the legal voters of the county, by a majority of votes con- sent to the same. The location of the court house was discussed at some length, and the subject finally laid over until the fol- lowing meeting. At the next meeting, held July 22, the following resolution was passed : Resolved, That the court house for Good- hue county be located on the block marked and known as “Court Llouse Block” on the town plat of Red Wing, according to the survey of the same made by J. Knauer, June 23, 1853. The next meeting was held November 18, and the consideration of bills against the county was taken up. Bills were alloAved to the amount of $84.60, and sheriff and justice fees to the amount of $84.60 were ordered paid. At the closing session, in December, the amount of $61 additional was allowed, making the total expenses of the county for the year $336.90. On the second Tuesday in October, 1854, the people elected a full board of county officers : Commissioners, Rezin Spates, A. W. Post, P. S. Fish ; sheriff, Harry C. Hoffman ; treasurer, M. Sorin ; district attorney, P. Sandford ; judge of probate, A. D. Shaw; county surveyor, S. A. Hart; clerk of the court, P. San- ford ; register of deeds, J. AY. Hancock. The first meeting of the regularly elected board of county commissioners was held Jam uary 1, 1855. No business was transacted at this meeting. The members simply subscribed to the oath of office and elected P. S. Fish as chairman. At their second meeting, held January 8, the board examined and approved the following accounts : HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 101 Charles Spates, for services as supervisor, $5 ; H. S. Simmons, burial expenses of a German pauper, $6 ; total, $11. At this session of the board the first grand and petit juries Avere selected, the former consisting of fifty members and the latter of seventy- tAvo members. The jurors Avere divided betAveen Goodhue and Wabasha counties according to population, the tAA r o counties, as previously noted, being attached together for judicial purposes. A readjustment of the assessment districts Avas also agreed upon. The first district included that portion of the county betAveen Hay creek and the nortliAvestern line of the county; the second district included that portion betAveen Hay creek and Potter’s creek; the third district Avas composed of the remaining portion of the county. A vacancy Avas declared to exist in the second district, Avhich Avas filled by the appointment of P. Van- denberg. Wacoota precinct Avas established. It embraced the southeastern portion of the county and Avas separated from Red Wing precinct by a line commencing at the mouth of Potter’s creek, thence along that creek to its head, and thence on a line due south to the county line. J. 0. Weatherby Avas appointed justice of the peace for Red Wing, and W. R. Culbertson and Joseph Middaugh Avere named as constables in the Red AYing precinct. The clerk of the court and the register of deeds Avere directed to procure a case for each of their offices suitable for filing papers. The register of deeds Avas also directed to procure blank books for the use of the county, one for his oavu office and one for the clerk of the court. Provisions Avere made to secure permanent offices for the use of the county officials. In the months of May and June P. Sandford erected a small frame building next Avest of his residence on Main street in the present city of Red Wing, for a laAv office, this being' the first laAV office erected in the city. This building Avas used by Mr. Sandford himself, as clerk of the court, and by the register of deeds, the treasurer Avhen he had official business to transact, and by the board of county commissioners Avhen they held their meetings. The sheriff and the treasurer for the most part “carried their offices in their hats.” This pioneer laAvyer’s office Avas also used as a court house for the first term of court held in the county in 1854. It Avas also occupied by the United States land office in the spring of 1855, and until more commodious quarters could be secured. It Avas in this building that the first government sale of lands Avas made in the county. The next meeting of the board of county commissioners Avas held on the second day of April, Avhen Florence precinct Avas established, bounded as folloAvs : “Commencing at the mouth of Wells creek, on Lake Pepin, and running up that creek to the main bluff; thence south to the county line; thence along the 102 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY county line to Lake Pepin ; thence up the lake to the place of beginning.” John Kelley was appointed justice of the peace, and Samuel Corey, R. S. Phillips and Hamilton Dudley were named as judges of election. Vermillion precinct was also estab- lished: “Commencing where the line between sections 12 and 13 strikes the Mississippi river, and running thence west until it strikes the Dakota county line ; thence along said line to the river, thence down the river to the place of beginning.” Eli Preble, Silas Harper and J. R. Niles Avere appointed to be judges of elections. The clerk of the district court Avas allowed $12 per quarter for furnishing his oavu office. The establishment of schools districts was next considered. District No. 1 included that portion of the county between the valley of Hay creek and Potter’s creek, bordering on the Mis- sissippi river and extending back from the same six miles. District No. 2 included that portion of the county within the following bounds: Commencing at the mouth of Potter’s creek on the Mississippi river ; thence down the river and Lake Pepin to Point No-Point; thence due south to Wells’ creek; thence up the valley of the same to the mouth of Rock creek; thence Avest to the precinct line; thence along said line to the place of beginning. District No. 3 included that portion of the county within the following bounds : Commencing at the Cannon river bridge ; thence due south three miles ; thence east to Hay creek valley; thence down said valley to the Mississippi; thence up the Mississippi to the mouth of the Cannon river; thence up the Cannon river to the place of beginning. It was also resolved that the clerk of the board be instructed to obtain the opinion of Rice, Hollingshead and Becker, of St. Paul, in relation to the legality of the jurisdiction of Goodhue county over Wabasha county, particularly in regard to taxes. The board then adjourned until May 12. A special session was held April 14, with R. Spates and P. S. Fish in attendance, but these tAvo seemed to have managed to transact as much business as a much larger board would be expected to. At this session school district No. 4 Avas .established, as fol- Ioavs : “Commencing on the Avest between Sillman Harrison’s and John Kelley’s; thence southwest to the Sugar Loaf, includ- ing the valley south and west of the Sugar Loaf; thence Avest to Lake Pepin; thence up the lake to the place of beginning. R. L. Phillips was appointed a justice of the peace, and Abner Dwelly a judge of election in Florence precinct. May 12 R. Spates and A. W. Post Avere present. The first road petition of Avhich any record is found Avas considered at tips session, and L. Bates and Charles Spates Avere appointed HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 103 viewers or examiners. The petition was presented by Hans Mattson and others. School district No. 5 was established, with the following boundaries : Beginning at Poplar Grove on the Camion Falls road, about ten miles from Red "Wing, and running southwest to the south fork of the Cannon, so as to include the claim of Ross and Champe ; thence down the south fork to its mouth, thence down the Cannon river two miles; thence in a southeasterly direction to the place of beginning. A special session was called June 9, with the full board in attendance. A petition signed by E. Westervelt and others was presented, asking for the erection of a new election precinct, which after some consideration was dismissed. The residents of W estervelt also presented a petition asking for a new school district. This was granted and the district established as school district No. 6. Its boundaries were given as follows: Commenc- ing at a point on Lake Pepin above Westervelt ’s, running in a southwesterly direction to the divide of the creek near Maham- mon Drum’s claim; thence in a southeasterly direction along the range of bluffs to the district below ; thence east to the lake ; and thence up the river to the place of beginning. Two other districts were also established. District No. 7 was outlined as follows: Commencing at the southwest corner of Ingram’s claim on Wells’ creek, thence north to the top and center of the bluff dividing the valley of Wells’ creek from the military road valley; thence to the head of Rock creek; thence embracing the Rock creek settlement to Wells’ creek and the Wells’ creek settlement to the place of beginning. A study of these boundaries will show that a part of this district was taken from the original No. 2. District No. 8, as established, had the following boundaries: Commencing in the middle of section 10, township 113, range .15 west, and running south to the district line of district No. 5 ; thence along said line west three miles ; thence north to the north- west side of Brownson’s claim; thence east to the place of beginning. This district was taken in part from district No. 3. At the session of the board held June 25 Cannon Falls precinct was established. In the language of the resolution passed it “comprised the whole of township No. 112, range 17 west, and so much of- township No. 112, range 18 west, as lies within the county of Goodhue, being formed out of a portion of Red Wing precinct. The voting place was established at Du- rand’s hotel. The board then agreed to raise a tax of one per cent on the total valuation of property, for territorial, school and county purposes, for the year 1855. The total valuation of tax- able property was $114,521 ; the whole amount to be raised being $1,455.21 . The increase of taxable property in one year was 104 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY $79,216. The increase in expenses, including territorial and school tax, was $901.12. The full board was present at the special session held August 4. A petition was presented from the citizens of the Florence precinct, asking that the boundaries of that precinct be changed. After some discussion this matter was laid on the table, and at a subsequent meeting dismissed. A new precinct, called Sackton, was established, including three townships — No. 109 in ranges 15, 16 and 17 west. Abram Pierce was appointed justice of the peace; Simon Sackett, constable; and Joseph P. Rutherford, James Haggard and Robert T. Freeman were named as judges of elections. The resignations of J. Middaugh, constable, and F. D. Clark, justice of the peace, Red Wing, were received and accepted. The clerk of the board w r as directed to obtain, if possible, printed blanks for county orders and poll books. Pre- vious to this time printed blanks were not used, and all forms were written out with the pen. The county surveyor was directed to procure a proper book and to copy into the same the field notes of the United States survey of the county. At the September meeting the precinct of Dunkirk was estab- lished, embracing townships No. 110 in ranges 17 and 18 west, and township No. 119, range 18 west. There was also established the precinct of Belle Creek, embracing townships 111 in ranges 15 and 16 west, and township No. 112, range 16 west. Anders Knutson, Ole Oleson and Gunder Oleson were appointed to be judges of election in Dunkirk precinct, and the election was ordered to be held at the home of Anders Knutson. Walter Doyle, Hans Mattson and S. P. Chandler were appointed judges of election in Belle Creek, and the election was ordered to be held at the house of Walter Doyle. Townships No. Ill, in ranges 17 and 18, were added to Cannon Falls precinct, and townships 110 in ranges 15 and 16 to Sackton precinct. The consideration of road petitions, appointment of viewers and the perfecting of arrangements for the October election, together with the exam- ination of sundry accounts, occupied the remainder of the session. A session of one day was held October 1, being devoted mainly to the examination and allowance of accounts. The Spring Creek Valley and White Rock road was declared to be established and the clerk was directed to notify the supervisors of the same. The Wacoota and AA 7 ells’ Creek, and the Wells r Creek and Florence roads were also declared to be established, and a like order directed to be issued to the supervisors of the several districts through which the roads were located. The last session of the year was held December 5, when school district No. 9 was established with boundaries as follows: Commencing HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 105 at the southwest corner of section 31, toVnship 109, range 15 east ; thence east three miles ; thence north two and a half miles ; thence west three miles ; thence south two and a half miles to the place of beginning. It appears that the people did not vote in favor of raising money for county buildings, and nothing further was done by the board of commissioners toward that object until 1857, except to discuss the matter. The first session of the board in 1856 was held January 7. The time of that and the immediate subsequent session was devoted to roads, auditing accounts, revising and re-establishing the assessors’ districts and doing like business. At a session commencing April 8, 1856, the following named citizens were appointed judges of elections: Red Wing — Seth Washburn, R. C. Todd, T. J. Smith; Wacoota — H. F. Simmons, George Post, Abner W. Post; Belle Creek — Hans Mattson, Walter Doyle, S. P. Chandler; Florence — Samuel Corey, Henry Phillips, J. L. Dixon ; Sackton — Simon Sackett, D. F. Stevens, P. G. Wilson ; Cannon Falls — Andrus Durand, E. N. Sumner, Alonzo Dibble ; Dunkirk — Ole Oleson, Samuel Knutson, Gunder Oleson. School districts numbered 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 were established, the rapid influx of immigration making the re-establishment of the districts necessary. The total valuation returned by the assessors was $630,227. Previous to this taxes had been laid on personal property alone. This year real estate became also taxable. The business transacted this year was practically the same as that of the previous year, and a detailed description would prove too lengthy for the confines of this history. Those interested in any particular detail can find the minutes of these early meetings still on record among the county archives. In the year 1857 action was taken in earnest to provide county build- ings. The county board consisted of S. P. Chandler, S. J. Hasler and A. AY. Post. S. J. Hasler was elected chairman. At a meet- ing held April 10 the following action was taken: AVliereas, It ■is the duty of the board of county commissioners to provide for the erecting and repairing of court houses, jails, and other neces- sary public buildings for the use of the county; and whereas, this county has no court house or jail ; Resolved, That this board provide for the erection of suitable buildings for the use of the county. Several resolutions followed in regard to the issue of bonds, their negotiation, etc. Then they resolved to receive plans and specifications for a court house, to be furnished on or before the first of May, at the register of deeds’ office, and directed the clerk to have these resolutions printed three successive weeks in the “Red Wing Gazette.” It was the opinion of this board that the court house block was too far from the river, and they 106 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY resolved that the block now occupied by the Episcopal church should be the site of the county buildings, provided a good title could be obtained. But nothing came of the above resolves of the commissioners, probably on account of the great stringency in money matters which prevailed throughout the country that year. The next reference to the building of the court house found in the minutes of the board is under date of February 2, 1858, when, upon motion of petition of T. J. Smith, it was voted to erect county buildings according to plans and specifications pre- sented by the Messrs. Chaffee, provided that sufficient county bonds could be negotiated at a sum not less than ninety cents on the dollar, the cost of said building not to exceed $30,000. S. P. Chandler and S. J. ITasler voted in favor of this, and M. S. Chandler voted in the negative. It will be remembered that at that time Goodhue county bonds were Avorth from sixty to seventy-five cents on the dollar. On the third Monday in May the bids Avere opened and the contract awarded to Messrs. Sim- mons, Hill and Stevens, at $24,000, that being the lowest and best offer and included the entire completion of the building. Monday, May 17, the board voted to notify the contractors that the court house and jail Avere to be erected on the block known and designated as “court house block” square, in the city of Red Wing. Tuesday, June 8, the board voted to accept the sureties given by Daniel C. Hill and others for the completion of the contract for building the court house and jail, and ordered that bonds be placed on file in the county clerk’s office. It was also voted, to quote the minutes, “that the contract entered into by the county commissioners of said county of Goodhue county, Minn., parties of the first part, and Daniel C. Hill and others, parties of the second part, to build the county buildings, and to receive in pay therefor the bonds of the said county of Goodhue,, Minn., to the amount of twenty-six thousand, six hundred and sixty-six dollars ($26,666.00) be placed on file.” Old settlers, interviewed are unable to account for this difference in $2,666 above the original contract price, but it may have been due to the fact that the pay Avas to be accepted in bonds which Avere not at par value. Jesse M. Hodgman, deceased, for several years mayor of Reel Wing, and one of the early merchants of the city, was born in Hartland, Windsor county, Vermont, February 17, 1818. As a boy he received his education in the district schools of his native county, in a seminary at Meriden, N. H., and in a state military school at Norwich, Vt., remaining on the farm until 1854. In the fall of that year he arrived in Red Wing for the first time. Although there was little here at that time to indicate the future HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 107 prosperity -of the city, he became fired with the- enthusiasm of the other pioneers of those days, and returning east, he settled up his business affairs there, again coming to Red Wing in the spring of 1856. Here he remained from that date rintil the time of his death, with the exception of some trips he made for the benefit of his health. He first became engaged in the mer- cantile business, which he continued for some time, working also in the store of Mclntire & Sheldon. In 1860 he became a partner with T. B. Sheldon in the forwarding and commission business, in which he remained until 1867, when failing health necessi- tated his partial retirement. He became a director in the First National bank and continued in this capacity until 1880. In 1887, with B. B. Herbert and others, he started the Red Wing Building Association, of which he was secretary. First elected mayor of Red Wing in 1868, he was several times re-elected, and filled the position with dignity and ability. Aside from his other interests he was a stockholder in the local potteries. In 1880 he went to California in search of health, and three years later returned somewhat benefited. His death, April 11. 1887, at his home in Red Wing, was the occasion of the following obituary notice, which expresses the feelings of those with whom he was associated: “Until compelled by failing health to retire, he was actively employed in some department of practical busi- ness in which the prosperity of the city was more or less directly identified. Never a strong man, he had the time and the energy and the pluck to devote to the public as well as to his private interests, when that public — as on more than one occasion it did — demanded his services. As mayor of the city for successive terms, and in the discharge of other public trusts, his labors are remembered with gratitude. They were uniformly in the direc- tion of public interests, intelligently understood and appreciated, and from that line of action nothing could swerve him. In public, as in private, those who knew him best esteemed him best. In the family and home circle he was ever the kind, con- siderate husband, father and friend, thoughtful for others to the last. A true and noble and manly man has gone from among us. The world is better for such as he.” Mr. Hoclgman was married May 13, 1862, at Red Wing, to Harriet Kellogg, one of the first music teachers of Red Wing, a musician of much ability and a graduate of the Young Ladies’ Seminary of Music, at Coopers- town, N. Y. She Avas the daughter of Joseph and Harriet (Kingsley), Kellogg. natives of New York state. Her father, a harness maker by trade, died in his native state in 1850. and his widow came to St. Paul with her family in 1853. In 1856 they came to Red Wing, where she died in May. 1865. To Mr. and Mrs. Hodgman was born one son, Leonard W., July 13. 1863, at 108 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Red Wing. He married Ellen Graves, of St. Paul, November 7, 1908. For many years lie lias been treasurer of the State Asso- ciation for the Deaf. James Cox, a pioneer resident of this county, now many years deceased, is a native of Long Island, born April 30, 1812, son of Oliver and Zipporah Cox, natives of New England, avIio crossed the sound and settled on' one of the productive Long Island farms in the early days. Here James was reared, living the life of the other boys of his period, and receiving such education as the schools of his neighborhood afforded. He went to Ohio as a young man, and engaged in the mercantile business, until failing health made it advisable for him to seek employment which would allow him to be out-of-doors more. At Burlington, Iowa, he conducted a real estate office, and here his health so greatly improved that he was enabled to open a hardware establishment in St. Paul. During the year 1856, when the wonderful possi- bilities of Goodhue county, then recently opened to settlement, were being discussed on every street corner in St. Paul, he be- came enthused with the prospects, and coming to Lean township, secured a farm and carried on agricultural operations for ten years. In 1865 he located in Red AALng, remaining until his death, January 6, 1888. He was a man of acute business judg- ment and staunch New England integrity, handicapped how- ever, through life, by a lack of robust health. The family still resides in the house he occupied when first locating in Red Wing. This building is one of the earlier residences of the city, and within its Avails much of the early court business of the county Avas transacted. The old farm-house at Leon, with its surround- ing acres, also remains in the possession of the family even to the present day. Mr. Cox was married in 1842, at Picpia, Miami county, Ohio, to Anna E. Caldwell, daughter of Matthew and Harriet V. (Kemper) CaldAvell, natives of KanaAvha, W. Ya., at that time a part of Virginia. The father Avas a large land OAvner and possessed the acres upon which the flourishing city of Piqua, Ohio, is noAv located. To Mr. and Mrs. Cox Avere born six chil- dren : EdAvin was born at Piqua, served as corporal in Company F, First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, and Avas killed in the battle of Antietam; Oliver C., deceased; Alice C., born at Piqua, is also deceased ; Eleanor Z., also born at Piqua, married Fred- erick C. Boynton, head miller of the Cataract mills, and fourth owner of the Goodhue mills at Cannon Falls. Mr. and Mrs. Boynton have three children : Gertrude, norv Mrs. G. C. Ansley, and has one child, Jeanette; James C., married Myrle Morowitz; Bessie is deceased. Harriet, the fourth child of Mr. and Mrs. Cox, Avas born at Burlington-, Iorva, married II. T. Eames, lives at Fergus Falls, Minn., and has three children, Maude E. and James Cox ? HISTORY OF GOODHUE COURT Y 109 Ray T., living-, and Jessie, deceased. Anna Belle, the fifth child of Mr. and Mrs. Cox, was born at St. Panl, May 11, 1856, mar- ried W. H. Brink, a St. Panl contractor, and has four children : Harry LeRoy married Mabel Wallace and has two children, Dor- othy E. and Barbara. Nellie C. married Louis Nienaber, of St. Paul. Charlotte M. married George K. Fargo, of Oregon, by whom she has one child, Stevens. Drake is the youngest son. Nina F., born in Red Wing, youngest child of Mr. and Mrs. Cox, resides at home. The family faith is that of the Methodist Episcopal church. CHAPTER X. TOWNSHIP SYSTEM. An Experiment in County Government — Members of First Board of Supervisors — Two Chairmen — Party Feeling High — Sheriff Preserves Order — Another Version — Court House Trouble — Meeting of Second Board— Resumption of County Commissioner System — History of Court House — County Poor Farm — Political History. In 1858 began an era which in this state continued but a short time, that of county government by a board of supervisors consisting of the chairmen of the different townships. This change came near discontinuing the work of the contractors on the new county buildings for a time. The new law was passed by the legislature on March 20, to go into effect July 12. The county was thus divided into twenty-one townships, an account of which will be found elsewhere. The board of supervisors, which held its first meeting on the second Monday in July, 1858, consisted of the following members: Belle Creek, S. P. Chandler; York (now Belvidere), Cyrus Crouch; Zumbrota, Isaac C. Stearns; Union (now Burnside), W. S. Grow; Featherstone, William Freyberger; Red AVing, A. B. Miller and P. Vandenberg, Orrin Densmore ; Wanamingo, J. G. Brown; Pine Island, C. R. White; Holden, Knut Knutson; Roscoe, Oliver Webb; Central Point, Robert L. Phillips; Warsaw, N. L. Townsend; Stanton, - John Thomas; Hay Creek, S. A. Wise; Wacoota, Leonard Gould; Cannon Falls, C. W. Gillett; Kenyon, Addison Hilton; Cherry Grove, D. M. Haggard (vice Woodward, resigned) ; Florence, Dr. J. Kelly; Affisa, Charles Iiimmelman ; Leon, E. Stone. Of the opening session of this board tivo accounts are given. An historian of the late seventies relates the incidents as follows: “In those days the Democratic party held the balance of power in Goodhue county. The Republican party Avas just beginning to assume strength and power. In the selecting of a. presiding officer for the board, both parties sought to gain advantage and secure the chairmanship. S. P. Chandler was the Democratic candidate for chairman, and I. C. Stearns was the Republican 110 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 111 •candidate. There was a tie vote, both men claimed the right to the chair and both assumed to preside. One of them sat upon one side of the table and the other one sat upon the other side. When a motion was submitted — and any number of motions were made — both men would ‘put the question.’ Party feeling ran high, and extended outside of the hall in which the board held its sessions. A fight was expected and ‘Deacon’ DeKay, who was deputy sheriff at the time, was directed by his superior officer to ‘take up a position’ in the supervisors’ room and preserve order at all hazards, even if it took the last man and the last dollar in the baliwick. He obeyed orders, and for two or three days maintained a position between the two chairmen ; but the fight didn’t ‘come off.’ The troubled waters were finally quieted by the giving way of J. G. Brown, of Wanamingo, who came over to the support of Mr. Chandler, making a rousing speech in explanation of his action. A record of those turhulous days, with the motions, explanations, etc., covers several pages of the journal and makes rather humorous reading.” Of these same days, another writer, who was present at this meeting says: “The facts, briefly, are these: At the first meet- ing of the county board in July, referred to, S. P. Chandler was chosen chairman and acted as such, without any sign of opposi- tion from any one. The annual meeting of the board was fixed by law on the second Monday in September, and the board adjourned to meet at that time. The board so met, and it was the understanding of the entire board that at this annual meeting a :iew election of officers should take place. Accordingly the board proceeded to the election of a chairman, and I. C. Stearns was elected by nearly, if not quite, a two-thirds majority. He took the chair without any opposition, and a large amount of business was transacted at. that forenoon session. During the adjournment of two hours for the afternoon session the matter was taken up in town, and it was the opinion of the lawyers that the new election of officers was illegal, and that the officers elected at the first meeting held over for the ensuing year. S. P. Chandler was advised by them to again assume the chair and claim his right as chairman. So at the commencement of the afternoon session both officers called the meeting to order simul- taneously and both put motions as they were made and seconded. This, however, continued but a short time, for as the voice of the new chairman was stronger and the board paid attention to him rather than to the other, the old chairman subsided, and said he appointed the other to act for him until the matter was settled. The board then proceeded to discuss the question at length. The house was crowded with the talent of Red "Wing and the excitement was at a high pitch; for it was understood 112 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY that the validity of the bonds issued for the building of the court house would be affected by this decision, as the chairman of the board must sign the bonds. Hon. W. W. Phelps Avas invited to address the board on the subject, and he made a lengthy argument in favor of the continuance of the old officers. This discussion occupied nearly the entire afternoon. It was finally decided by the board that the old officers held over, and Mr. Chandler was alloAA'ed quietly to resume his seat as chairman.” The first meeting of this board Avas held in the office of the register of deeds, but almost equal in number to the territorial legislature, the room Avas found to be too small, and a committee consisting of Messrs. Crouch, Stearns and BroAvn was appointed to secure a suitable room, which Avas found and obtained in Todd and Hasler’s block on Main street, the hail being then designated as ‘‘Ilasler’s Hall.” AAGien the board was full organized, cre- dentials examined and passed upon, etc., the folloAving commit- tees Avere appointed : Equalization, C. R. White, 0. Densmore, I. C. Stearns, R. S. Phillips, C. W. Gillett; claims, W. S. Grow, J. G. Brown, S. A. Wise; ways and means, A. B. Miller, C. R. White, L. N. Gould; roads and bridges, 0. Webb, J. Kelley, C. Crouch; appropriations, P. Vandenberg, I. C. Stearns, C. AAR Gillett; justices and constables, R. L. Phillips, C. R. AVhite, W. S. Grow; sheriff and jailer, I. C. Stearns, C. W. Gillett, John Thomas; to settle with treasurer, E. Stone, P. Vandenberg, R. L. Phillips; printing, A. B. Miller, P. Vanderbergh, O. Densmore; Poor, Robert L. Phillips, Knut Knutson, D. M. Haggard; per diem and mileage, J. Thomas, A. Hilton, N. D. Townsend; public buildings, 0. Densmore, I. C. Stearns, W. S. Grow, C. W. Gillett, R. L. Phillips. This committee' was elected by the board by acclamation. James T. Chamberlain, deputy register of deeds, Avas elected clerk of the board, and the supervisors proceeded to business. AVednesday morning, July 14, a resolution regarding the court house Avas offered by A. B. Miller, and after some discussion the folloAving Avas adopted: “Whereas, There exists a diversity of opinion in reference to the binding force upon Goodhue county, of a certain contract entered into by the county commissioners of Goodhue county, with certain other parties for the erection of courthouse and jail, and Whereas, Any action pending the uncertainty which now exists would be very imprudent and hazardous ; therefore, Resolved, That this board by a committee of three of its members, to be elected by the board, proceed at once to ascertain our liability under said contract, by presenting the case, without delay, to the judge of the Fifth Judicial Dis- trict of this state for his decision upon the validity of said con- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUYTY 113 tract, or to obtain the best possible legal advice on the matter. The resolution was especially considered at a meeting held at 2 o’clock that afternoon. A communication having been received from the senator and representatives in the state legislature in regard to the passage of a bill, authorizing the board of supervisors to issue bonds for the erection of county buildings, Mr. Grow offered the following- resolution : Resolved, By the Board of Supervisors of Goodhue county, that our senator and our representatives be requested to secure the passage of a bill introduced by Senator Hudson, July 9, 1858, entitled “An act to authorize the board* of super- visors of Goodhue county to issue county bonds for the erection of county buildings.” This was passed with an amendment to the effect that in making this request the board expressed no opinion as to the issuing of the bonds or the erecting of the buildings. It might here be explained that there was some oppo- sition to the erection of these buildings, but the outlying town- ships, who believed that the new buildings would give Red Wing an undue advantage over the other villages. Orrin Densmore and J. C. Stearns were appointed on the committee to secure legal opinion, and a statement was secured from Judge D. Cooper, of St. Paul, in which he declared that in his opinion, the contract made by the previous board of county officers was binding upon the county. Efforts were then made to persuade the Messrs. Hill, Simmons & Co. to relinquish their contract. This they refused to do, saying that they had sub-let much of the work, had ordered materials, and been to other expense. They offered, how- ever, to accept for consideration a written proposition of the terms of a compromise. In the meantime, on July 15, the board found that a still more commodious room was necessary, and Harmony Hall, at the corner of Main and Fulton streets, was secured. This hall the board occupied Jrdy 16, and at subsequent meetings. In after years this building was destroyed by fire. Efforts at a compro- mise with the contractors failed, and it was finally voted to assume the obligation laid on the county by the previous board, and proceed with the work on the courthouse. In passing this vote, the supervisors strongly censured the previous board for so heavily loading the county in debt, and expressed its regret that the county should be bound by such an act, and the same time declaring that there seemed no way in which the present super- visors could legally cancel the contract of the previous county board. The second county board of supervisors was elected in April, 1859, and met in the office of the county auditor, April 18, of that year. J. A. Thacker, of Zumbrota, was elected chairman of the 114 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY board. April 21, it was voted that the committee on public buildings accept in behalf of the county, the courthouse when completely finished according to contract, and that when so finished the county officers who were to occupy it were instructed to move into it. The courthouse was completed and turned over by the con- tractors in August, 1859. The excavation, the stone work and the carpenter work was done by Hill, Simmons & Co., the con- tractors. The brick was made by John Carter, and laid in the wall by Messrs. Brink, Todd & Co. The plastering work was done by Hie same firm. Some of the bonds issued to pay for the erection of the courthouse were sold to individuals in Washing- ton, D. C., some to people in New York and Ohio, and a larger part were taken by Red Wing parties. They were sold at various prices, ranging from fifty to ninety cents on the dollar. They were all taken up later, and the expense of the courthouse, improvement and enclosure of the square were all paid for within about two decades of the time the bills were contracted. Pending the efforts of the board of supervisors to secure a cancellation of the contract for the erection of the courthouse, and before the bonds were issued, the contractors had been advised that the bonds could be sold in the New York market for nearly their face value. An agent was sent on there to investi- gate the matter, but before negotiations were perfected a cir- cumstance occurred which completely destroyed the value of Minnesota county bonds in that market. Hennepin county had issued bonds and built a courthouse. AYhen the bonds became due they were not paid, a fact that threw discredit upon all county bonds, and rendered them worthless among commercial men and capitalists. The taxpayers outside of Red Wing and its immediate vicinity Avere fighting the courthouse enterprise, and using every possible means to induce the contractors to throw up the contract, even offering them as much as $10,000 cash to do so. The business men and friends of Red Wing were as anxious the other way, and when they found the bonds could not be sold for ready money, they promised to render all necessary material assistance to the contractors — to take the bonds, advance the money, etc. When the money was needed, however, it was not forthcoming. When any of them did advance money to aid the contractors, they required a deposit of two dollars in bonds for one dollar in money advanced, and three per cent a month in money besides. At least this was the statement made by Mr. Hill many years after these events transpired. Sometimes bonds could be traded for lumber and other building materials, but only at heavy discounts. Through the influence of Mr. Phelps, the member of Congress from Minnesota, and Mr. Gebliort, member HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 115 ■of Congress from Ohio, some of the bonds were sold for seventy cents cash, both of these men, themselves, taking small amounts. Red Wing men, when the pinch came, were for the most part very reluctant to invest their money in these bonds ; and when they did so, asked very large discounts. The building of the courthouse was undertaken at the instance of Red Wing interests. The taxpayers in the interior were opposed to the enterprise, hoping in time to secure a division of the county, or the location of the public buildings at a more cen- tral point. When the board of supervisors succeeded the county commissioners, the county townships had a larger representa- tion, and acting in accordance with the will of their constituents, they sought to avoid for the county the responsibility of tlie con- tract made by their predecessors in office. As already mentioned, however, the legal advice satisfied the board that the contract was legal and binding, and rather than risk involving the county in heavy damages, the contract was allowed to proceed, and the courthouse was completed within the time specified in the agree- ment. For countless decades the building will remain as a monu- ment to those early commissioners, who had the broadness of mind and strength of purpose to look ahead, and to plan for what the county was to become, regardless of the opposition and petty jealousies which surrounded them in their day and generation. During the time the courthouse was building a feeling of dis- satisfaction with the township system became general throughout the state, and in 1860 an act was passed by tire legislature pro- viding that each and every county should have a board of county commissioners, and that in those counties in which at the last gen- eral election there were cast eight hundred votes or over, the said board should consist of five members, and in all other counties of three members, who should hold their offices for one year, or until their successors were elected and qualified. This law went into effect April 1, i860. The last board of supervisors adjourned January 10, 1860, and the first board session of the board of com- missioners commenced June 4, following. The board was com- posed of J. A. Thac-her, II. L. Bevans, J. A. Jackson, A. Hilton and E. A. Sergeant. Mr. Thatcher was chosen chairman of the board. Before completing the mention of the courthouse, it might be well to state that, with some alterations, the same building is still doing good service. Another building, upon the same block, was erected in 1887 for a sheriff’s residence and a jail. In 1864 a large farm was purchased by the county commissioners at a cost of $3,000. for the purpose of providing a home for the poor. Necessary buildings were erected thereon at a cost of $5,737.18. These buildings were completed and ready for occupancy in 1867. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 116 In October, 1889, the main building was accidentally destroyed by fire. The inmates, about thirty in number, all escaped injury, and temporary accommodations were provided for them until .a new house was erected. The new building was completed during the following year at a cost of $20,000. It is situated on Spring creek, in the town of Burnside, and presents a very fine appear- ance. There is an artesian well on the premises, and the whole surroundings are such as to make it a pleasant home. The farm is under as good cultivation as any in the neighborhood. The whole is managed by an overseer, who is appointed by the board of commissioners. As has been noted earlier in this history, there was little cause for political rivalry in the earliest days. The first political move- ment having a tendency to shape the future complexion of the parties in Goodhue county was a meeting held October 8, 1856, on the corner of Main and Bush streets, Red Wing. Franklin Pierce, a Democrat, was then president of the United States. As a matter of course, all appointive officers of the territory were Democrats. Of the United States land office, which was located here, C. Graham Avas receiver and W. W. Phelps register. The chief justice of the territory, W. IT. AVelcli, also resided here. Henry C. Hoffman was postmaster; Neliemiah Bennett, editor of the “Sentinel,” later the “Argus,” was justice of the peace. The elective offices for the county were then filled with those who were adherents of the party dominant at that time. While no vote for president could be taken here, party interest ran high, and consequently, on October 8, 1856, a grand demonstra- tion rally took place. After a large pile of empty boxes, and other combustible materials, had been fired and allowed to burn for some time for the amusement of the boys and to gather a crowd, an organization was effected by the selection of Dr. F. F. Hoyt as chairman and N. Y. Bennett as secretary. AY. AY. Phelps mounted a dry goods box directly in front of the Teepeetonka Hotel, and for an hour expounded the Democratic side of the compromise measures of 1850, and the Kansas and Nebraska bill of Stephen A. Douglas, commonly known as popular, or squatter, sovereignty. Mr. Graham followed in the same strain. The meet- ing closed after Air. Graham’s speech, but the people did not seem disposed to leave hastily. They gathered into small groups, discussing the matter for themselves. Many young men, and some older ones, had recently come into the territory, expecting to make their homes here. Among them was the Hon. Charles McClure, from Illinois, who had been an anti-slavery man for some years, and who had been acquainted with such men as Abraham Lincoln, Lyman Trumball, Owen Lovejoy, and others. Naturally, to men of the opinion of Mr. McClure, the Democratic HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 117 meeting which had just been held was not exactly of the most agreeable nature. Consequently, there was a hurried conference among the Republican leaders, and they decided to hold a meet- ing then and there. Dr. Hoyt was found, and, as a matter of courtesy, was asked if lie had any objections to the Republicans speaking to the crowd. lie replied that the Democrats were through, and it was immaterial to him how many other meetings held by those of different belief might follow. H. L. Bevans, John Going and Manville Comstock, who were recognized as a committee without having been appointed, called upon Mr. McClure, who had been sitting at his office window listening to the Democratic speeches, and thus became filled to overflowing with Republican arguments with which to refute the sentiments which had been uttered. Before Mr. McClure had talked very long it was apparent that he was a bitter opponent of the doc- trine of state sovereignty, and he was not allowed to proceed very far. Some men and boys had secured a small wagon, and upon this had laid some sheets of iron in such a manner as to flap together when the wagon Avas moved. With this wagon in toAv, and with fish-horns and coAv-bells, the men and boys rushed about the streets, attempting to drown the Amice of the speaker. At last C. C. Yandenberg, Louis Bennett and others, who appeared to have, some influence Avith the noisemakers, were appealed to, and they soon restored order, after which Mr. McClure proceeded Avith his speech. The folloAving spring Charles McClure Avas a candidate for delegate to the constitutional convention to form a state constitution, and after a very hard contest, Avas elected by a majority of three over his opponent. Since that time the county has remained a Republican county, and has, as a rule, retiumed a Republican majority for state and national nominees, although there liaA r e been sev r eral exceptions. In September, 1857, party lines began to be clraAvn more dis- tinctly; the Red Wing “Republican,” Avhich appeared at that time with Lucius F. Hubbard as editor, taking the Republican vieAv, while the Red AVing “Sentinel” Avas the organ of the Democratic party. In that year the first county conventions of the tAvo parties Avere held. A full Republican ticket Avas elected. The political campaign in the fall of 1860 in this county Avas a very interesting one, as Avell before as after the nominating con- ventions. This Avas especially the case Avith the Republicans. Of this campaign, the ReA^. J. AY Hancock writes as follows : “The main contest in the Republican convention Avas for the office of register of deeds, and the principal candidates for the office were Matthew Sorin and T. B. McCord, of Red AVing; Aaron G. Hundson, of Florence, and C. C. Webster, of Zumbrota. The convention Avas held at the courthouse October 11, I860. The 118 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUYTY feeling among the friends of the different candidates was at fever heat, and at one time during the convention a personal encounter took place. After several ballots had been taken, Mr. Webster was nominated, a result brought about by a combination of friends of the nominee and those of Hudson and McCord. Mr. Sorin and his friends were terribly chagrined at the result, and in order to give public expressions to their feelings, an “indigna- tion meeting” was arranged for, to be held at the courthouse a few evenings later, at which Mr. Sorin was to be the principal speaker. His well-known eloquence and ability as an orator could not but attract a crowd, and the courtroom was filled to its utmost capacity to see and hear what might take place. The speaker was at his best, and those in the audience, whether friend or foe, were richly entertained. He took up the case of one of his rivals for the nomination, who had (it was alleged) sold out his delegates to Mr. Webster, and who happened at that time to be a young man. In sarcastic language and manner he referred to him as a mere cipher in the community, and concluded by asking: ‘Who is he? And what has he ever done for Goodhue county? He has not done as much as build a hen coop. A man without a home, without a wife, and, perhaps, even without a child.’ Afterward he referred to another young man who had been somewhat con- spicuous in bringing about his defeat, as he expressed it. A young man called Captain Smithers, then a well-known resident of Red Wing, supposing himself to be the person alluded to, rose in his seat and asked: ‘Mr. Sorin, do you mean me?’ The speaker stopped, straightened himself to Ids full height, and look- ing steadily at the captain, till every eye in the room was turned upon him, and perfect silence prevailed, he answered: ‘You, sir; no! I am on the descending grade, but haven’t got down to you yet-.’ Of course every one shouted at the reply, but it is doubtful if the answer was nearly as mortifying to the captain as was the fact that the speaker did not reach him during the remainder of the speech. It was admitted by all present that Mr. Sorin thor- oughly vindicated himself and discomfited his enemies on the occasion. He was afterward appointed postmaster at Red Wing by the incoming administration. Some other defeated candidates have not fared as well. This county has been fortunate enough to secure men of ability and honesty to conduct its affairs with prudence and economy, to whatever political party they may have been attached for the time being. Daniel C. Hill is one of the early settlers of Red Wing whose privilege it has been to live to see a flourishing city grow on a location where he found a primitive village. A fine type of the old pioneer, he has the honor and respect of the entire population of Red Wing. In' company with the Messrs. Simmons and D. C. Hill HI ST OK Y OP GOODHUE COUNTY 119 Stephens, lie was the contractor for the local county courthouse, still standing as a testimony to the fidelity with which the con- tractors labored. He also built the Presbyterian church, and many other edifices which were erected in the early days. Mr. Hill was born at Hudson, N. H., May 7, 1830, son of Ruben and Mary C. (Chase) Hill, both natives of the Granite state. He attended the district school of his neighborhood, assisted his parents on the farm, and learned the trade of carpentering. Pos- sessed of vigor and strength, he determined to build up his for- tunes in a newer country, where, he had been fold, the opportu- nities for one of his trade were very great. As a preliminary to this venture, he worked in a piano-key factory in Winchester, Mass., from 1853 to 1856, and then came with his parents to Red Wing. Upon their arrival here both father and son took up car- penter work, the latter also owning a farm. In the building and carpenter business Ruben Hill continued, dying at Red Wing in May, 1886. His wife died the following June. Daniel, in 1859, started a sash, blind and planing factory, a business which at that time was one of the leading industries of Red Wing, and at which Mr. Hill made a most pronounced success. In 1882 came a flattering offer to take the superintendency of a large*fac- tory of a similar nature at Anoka, and this Mr. Hill accepted, remaining in that place until 1898. He then bought a 110-acre farm in Red Wing township, which is now within the city limits, and upon this farm he still makes his home. Mr. Hill is a Repub- lican in politics and a prominent member of the Presbyterian church. He has for many years been a member of the Odd Fellows. The respect in which he is held after over half a cen- tury’s residence in this city is a tribute to his staunch character and unswerving honesty, as well as to* his genial personality. Daniel C. Hill was married the first time in 1858 at Zumbrota, Minn.,- to Anna S. Hall, a native of Clairemont, N. II., to whom were born four children: Elmer F. is an architect in New York City; Mary married Prof. L. W. Chaney, who was professor at Carleton College for twenty-five years, and is now in the employ of the government- ; Elizabeth is a school teacher at Seattle, Wash.; Arthur D. is a ranchman at Victor, Mont. Mrs. Anna Hill died at Red Wing in August, 1882, and Mr. Hill was married the second time at Zumbrota January 22, 1884, to Clara Sander- son, daughter of George and Abbey (Richardson) Sanderson, who settled in Zumbrota in the early days and farmed all their lives. The father died in January, 1902, and the mother is also deceased. To Mr. Hill and Mrs. Clara Hill has been born one son, G. EarL February 20, 1888, who is still at home. CHAPTER XI. DR. SWENEY’S NARRATIVE. Denton and Gavin — Alton and Hancock — Bush, Bullard, Post, Snow and Gould — Potter, Young’ and Day — Sweney, Free- born and McGinnis — Friendliness of the Indians — First Win- ter — Arrival of the Scandinavians — Digging- Potatoes — Fish- ing in Stream and River — A Sporting Clergyman — Some of the Indian Braves — Farming in the Old Indian Cornfield- Squaws as Farmhands. The modern settlement of Goodhue county dates from 1837, when Samuel Denton and Daniel Gavin located in Red AA’ing’s village and commenced their missionary efforts among the Sioux at this point. In 1848, the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions, more commonly known as the American board, appointed Revs. J. AA r . Hancock and John Aiton to continue the work started by Messrs. Denton and Gavin. Mr. Aiton came to what is now Red Wing in 1848, and moved into the mission houses previously erected. He and his wife at once set to work teaching the Indians, but found the place so lonely that they spent a part of the winter at Kaposia, fifty miles to the north. Mr. Hancock arrived June 13, 1849. In the meantime, the exact date of which it is impossible to obtain. James AVells had settled at Frontenac and John Bush in Red Wing. At the time when Mr. Hancock, came, AVells was liv- ing at Frontenac, in two unfinished stone buildings, with his wife, a half-breed daughter of Duncan Graham, the old-time trader. Grouped about these houses were the skin lodges of the Indians. John Bush was also married to a half-breed. He lived in Red Wing’s village when Mr. Hancock first landed here, but whether he antedated Aiton is not known. Air. Aiton had some disagree- ment with Mr. Hancock on matters of method, and moved away in 1850. Bush went with the Indians in 1853. AVells moved away in 1854, and was killed by the Indians. Mr. Hancock remained. In 1850, George Bullard settled at Wacoota, bringing his 120 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 121 family and an Indian trader named Abner AY. Post. In the same year an Indian trader named Snow came to Red Wing. In 1851, Calvin Potter became associated with Snow in the trading post, and after the death of Snow continued the business until the removal of the Indians: At about this time, possibly earlier, Charles Gould settled near the mouth of Wells creek. The arrival of Benjamin Young, a French half-breed, in Red Wing’s village probably bears about the same date. In April, 1852, John Day came over from Diamond Bluff, Wis., and selected a claim in what is now the southeast corner of Section 25, Township 113, Range 15. He had considerable difficulty with the Indians, and also with Young. His cabin Avas repeatedly torn down, but after the treaty he firmly established himself. Then came that sturdy old pioneer physician, Dr. W. AY. Sweney, whose name will ever be revered in this county. AA T ith him the history of the county really begins. It will therefore be seen that previous to his coming the actual white settlers were as follows : Samuel Denton and wife, Reel Wing, 1837 ; Daniel Gavin and wife, Red Wing, 1837 ; James AYells and half-breed wife, Frontenac, 1847 (?); Rev. John Aiton and wife, Red Wing, 1848; John Bush and half-breed wife, Red Wing, 1848 (?) ; Rev. J. AY. Hancock and wife, Red Wing, 1849; George Bullard and family, Wacoota, 1850; Abner AA 7 . Post, AYacoota, 1850; Snow, Red Wing, 1851 (?) ; Charles Gould and family, near mouth of AVells creek, 1851 (?) ; Calvin Potter, Red AYing, 1851; Benjamin' Young (half-breed), Red AYing, 1851 (?); John Day and family, Red AYing, 1852. Of his early experiences. Dr. Sweney once wrote : “In the spring of 1852, Calvin Potter, with whom I had pre- viously been acquainted, called at my office in St. Paul, and in the course of our conversation informed me that he lias bought out Mr. Snow, the licensed Indian trader at Red Wing ; and in view of the treaty then in process of consummation, he thought that point a good location for a town site ; also, that he would like to interest someone with him in a claim he had there. AVilliam Freeborn, being one of the old residents of St. Paul, and having a large acquaintance. Air. Potter thought he would be a desirable man. From my opinion of the country, acquired in various conversa- tions with an old French voyager, and also from an Englishman by birth — but in language and habits a compound of English, French and Indian — who had been in the country for thirty years, I was more than anxious to take part in the enterprise, and brought about a speedy meeting between Air. Potter and Mr. Freeborn. “In our council, Air. Freeborn demurred at first, urging his inability to remove to the new Eldorado immediately. I proposed to remove that objection by coming myself, to which he acceded. 122 HISTORY OP GOODHUE COUNTY The result was that we three took the return boat, and landed in Red Wing in the early part of May. AVhile there I purchased a claimright from a half-breed named Benjamin Young, of that part of the city known as ‘Sweney’s Addition;’ also that old weather- beaten, two-story log house, well known to old settlers. Note. — This house stood where the old Sheldon elevator, owned by the La Grange mills, is now located. “This done, I returned to St. Paul, put my business in proper shape, and came back to Red AVing with James McGinnis, who concluded to try his fortune in this then unexplored country. We made our headquarters in the venerable tenement before men- tioned, and kept our own house, or, as some graphically describe it, “kept bach.” This was in the latter part of May or beginning of June. “As it was not deemed advisable to go into farming or build- ing operations until the treaty was ratified, we had plenty of idle time on our hands, and the grand difficulty was to know how to dispose of it. The families here then were the Rev. J. AY. Hancock, of the Presbyterian mission, and John Bush, Indian farmer. John Day was not far oft, however. The old ‘Excel- sior’ never made a trip up from below that John did not board her, to hear ‘about the treaty.’ There were several transient per- sons here, but their later whereabouts is not known. The only actual residents of the county, previous to my coming, besides those above mentioned, were George Bullard and family, at Wacoota; James Wells, who was later killed by the Indians in the southwestern part of the state, who then had a trading post at what is now the village of Frontenac, and Charles Gould and fam- ily, who resided near the mouth of AVells creek. This comprised the white population of the county. “Of the country back of us, even for four miles, I could learn nothing. Air. Knauer, the engineer of the old military road up the river, said he has rode out to the source of Hay creek, and that it originated in a fine tamarack marsh. It occurred to AlcGinnis and myself that a good tamarack swamp, in a prairie country, would be a fine thing to possess, and, being like the caged starling, anxious to ‘get out,’ we ‘just went’ for Hay creek, and to our intense disgust, didn’t find any tamarack. In an after conversa- tion with Air. Knauer, I am persuaded that, not following the creek valley all the way, he mistook the poplar grove, known in early times as ‘Albert’s grove,’ for the swamp aforesaid. “After our little disappointment about the source of Hay creek, our trips were mainly confined to the river side of the county, between the divide of the waters of the Zumbro and the Mississippi — even Belle creek was not known — its locality and •course, however, was traced for us by Hapah, the old chief ’s son- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 123 in-law. It was not deemed advisable to go far from tlie river, as many of the Indians were decidedly hostile to ceding their lands, and the Zumbro country Avas the common hunting ground for sev- eral bands of the M ’dewakantonwan Dakotalis, besides being in the route of the traveling Indians from the upper Minnesota, to Wabasha, the residence of the acknowledged head chief of the seven bands. “Having become acquainted with the principal men among the Indians, I thought it safe to bring my family from St. Paul, which I did in July, 1852, as did also Mr. McGinnis. I have a very lively recollection of getting our household stock from the landing to our residence. A winding, rugged path up the bank was the course by which Ave conveyed it, and ‘Me’ and I transformed our- selves into pack-mules, until stoA r es, bureaus, provisions, and vari- ous etceteras, of the tAvo households Avere placed under shelter, and Ave Avere at home. Within the next twenty-four hours, ninety- nine hundredths of the Indian population had called in through curiosity, and their various comments would doubtless haA'e been edifying had Ave been able to understand them. Friendly rela- tions Avere established, hoAveA r er, and Ave never could complain of lack of company, so long as they remained in the village. I must also say in justice to the memory of those original settlers and occupants of the soil, that I was never more kindly treated by any people, nor did I eA^er enjoy myself better. To be sure, they Avere importunate beggars, as a community, and the Avomen, as a rule, Avere chronic thieves. In fact they Avere kleptomaniacs, i. e.. they could not help their stealing proclivities. But, .making all alloAv- ances for these little peculiarities of their manners and morals, which were a part of their natures, they Avere not a bad people to live among. By a little liberality, Avhen their begging seemed justifiable, and by firmly refusing Avhen necessary, the beggars Avere disposed of and kept in good humor. And by watchfulness and the aid of bolts and bars, their thieving propensities Avere held in check and rendered measurably harmless. “The treaty being ratified by the senate of the United States, Avitli some alterations from the original, as framed by the Dako- tahs and the commissioners, it became necessary to convene the different bands interested therein to get their consent. Notice was accordingly given to them to meet at Fort Snelling early in the fall, in consequence of Avhieh a peiffect exodus of the aborigi- nes took place, and nothing more Avas seen of them here until late in November, after the close of naA r igation. When they did return a more squalid, wretched looking set I never saAV. Bitter Avere the complaints against the government officials. Their annuities Avere spent in Avaiting at the fort, the best of the hunting season bad passed, their canoes Avere frozen in the ice away from home. 124 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY and would be mainly lost. I remember well when the first installment that came home — three families — pitched their tents in the evening near the mission house. They were worn out, cold and hungry. The children were emaciated, and sick from want and exposure. They were supplied by the whites with food until the men could obtain game for their sustenance. In the morning two of the men went out hunting, and as I came home in the evening, unsuccessful from a similar expedition on Hay creek, I struck their trail, and in a short time overtook them near what is now the corner of Main and Minnesota streets, each of them slowly toiling through the deep snow, under the burden of a deer. The men seemed exhausted, and requested me to stop at their tepees and tell the women where they were — that they had got tado — and wanted them to come to their assistance. I hurried home to communicate this joyful intelligence to the inmates of the three lodges. Upon reaching them I told one of the women the good news. She immediately shouted forth a peculiar cry, which was echoed by all in the tent, down to a three-year-old boy dressed in purus naturalibis. This brought out the inhabi- tants of the other lodges. Upon being told the cause of the com- motion, the same shout went up from all present. Women and children acted as if demented. The women rushed about for straps, knives and blankets, and the children jumped up and down for joy. After giving them the proper directions where to go, three women started out on a dog trot, and were soon lost to view ; but some time after dark I called at the lodges and found them busily engaged in masticating large mouthfuls of venison. In three days those little, half-starved, copper-colored specimens of the genus homo had acquired a very perceptible rotundity, and were as sleek and frisky as a litter of young pups. The cry, or shout, mentioned I have heard frequently, and is made on the occasion of the intelligence of a successful hunt ; not always the same, different intonations indicating the kind of game killed, as deer, bear, elk, etc. “The additions to our population, besides those mentioned, were John Day and family, E. C. Stevens, David Pucket, Jack Sanders and Ben Hill, in the summer, and Charles Parks, in November, 1852. “The proprietors of the town site had procured lumber late in the fall for the erection of a hotel early in the spring, and it was necessary to engage carpenters to prepare such of the material in winter as could be done within the shop. H. B. and Joseph Middaugh were obtained, and became residents of the town in December, 1852. About this time, also, the first of our Scandinavian population arrived here — Mathias Peterson, a Norwegian by birth. Soon after came Nels Nelson, a Swede, who HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 125 for a long time lived with me. These two men were the pioneers •of that nationality in Goodhue county, where the descendants of that race have since occupied so important a place. Both of these men formerly resided in St. Paul. In the spring following, Albert, a Norwegian, an acquaintance of Mr. Peterson, settled here and made a claim at Poplar grove, or Albert’s grove, in what is now Featherstone township. ‘‘The winter of 1852-53 was passed very pleasantly by our little isolated community. The natives soon left on their win- ter’s hunt after their return from the treaty ratification at the fort, and we saw but little of them until some time in January; in fact we saw nobody but our own residents. Communication between us and the civilized world was only resumed when the post had rendered traveling safe on the Mississippi river. The mail was carried from Prairie du Cliien, through Wisconsin, crossing the Chippewa near the Menominee river, thence through a wooded wilderness to the very source of Rush river at Baker’s station, thence to Stillwater and St. Paul. A trip from Prairie du Cliien in the winter required nerve, endurance, and a Avilling- ness to perform any amount of manual labor that the emergency of the case might require. We here got our mail from St. Paul, when we had a chance to send for it. When the ice was safe, trains arrived frequently from below, principally laden with pork and flour. Our isolation was from about the miclde of November to some time in January. Such supplies as ran short were obtained of Mr. Potter, whose establishment contained those articles more especially demanded by the Indian trade, and from George W. Bullard, at Wacoota, whose situation at the head of the lake rendered it necessary for him to keep a more extensive assortment of goods, to supply the wants of the lumbering inter- ests ; or if these stores were deficient in articles, then St. Paul was the last resort for the winter. . “As it is impossible to relate all that I wish to say in chrono- logical order, I may as well give a few of the incidents connected with our county history, even though out of their proper era. “On the Wisconsin side of the river, previous to the settle- ment here, in 1852, the land was ceded, surveyed and opened to settlement. At Diamond Bluff lived John Day, Allen AYilson, Jack Payne and George Day. At the mouth of the Trim Belle, ‘Old Hawley’ and Jake Meade. At Thing’s Landing, now Tren- ton, lived Wilson Thing, E. C. Stevens and Dexter, all more or less engaged in getting out wood for the use of steamboats. “ ‘Old Hawley’ was rather a hard case. By his sale of whisky our community was frequently disturbed by the whooping and yelling of drunken Indians. About all the population of natives not engaged in the spree would flee to the houses of the whites HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 126 for protection, and there remain until the ‘Minne Wakan’ gave out, and the legitimate results of a ‘high old time’ had overtaken the carousers. Nothing is known of Hawley’s fate, but from a knowledge of his character I would infer that he is at some ‘side station’ or ‘switch-off’ in that ‘undiscovered country from whence no traveler returns.’ ‘‘‘In justice to truth and history, 1 must say something of Wilson Thing, a very eccentric man. a strict vegetarian, a man of strong prejudices, but moral and upright — a good neighbor and an honest man. He Avas the only justice of the peace for many miles around, and consequently had a little legal business to perform. Previous to my coming here, as related by an old settler, a fair widow of this place had entered into a marriage contract with a gentleman of St. Paul, and the time was fixed for the consummation of the happy event. When the time arrived, and the parties to the contract were present, a grand difficulty arose. Rev. Mr. Hancock, the only one authorized to solemnize marriages, was absent. The bridegroom was impatient and the bride annoyed. Friends suggested a canoe ride to Trenton and the services of ‘Squire Thing’ as the only solution of the evils complained of. Of course, under the circumstances, both bride and bridegroom eagerly acceded to the proposition, and in a short time the bridal party was under way for the residence of the justice. They found that worthy representative of the law, as enacted and promulgated by the great and sovereign state of Wisconsin, busily engaged in the rather feminine occupation of washing a two months’ accumulation of soiled shirts, he being at that time a bachelor, and he was somewhat embarrassed at the sudden eruption into his sanctum. The bride, however, was plucky, and to relieve the justice, and to give him time to make himself presentable and con over the marriage ceremony, she proposed that herself and mother would finish the laundry opera- tions, while he got ready for his part of the proceedings. This pfoposition was accepted, and in due time both the shirt washing and the marriage ceremony were completed, to the satisfaction of all concerned. “As winter approached it became necessary for us to look about for a supply of vegetables for winter use, as there were none to be had on this side of the river. Upon* inquiry, I found that Mr. Thing had planted four or five acres of potatoes, besides some beets and cabbages, which latter we were able to purchase. The potatoes, however, were not to be obtained by the regular business transaction of cash down. In the first place, they were ‘planted on the sod;’ that is, two rounds were plowed, the pota- toes dropped in the last furrow, and covered by the sod of the next round, and so on. The ‘Squire’s’ field was in the prairie, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 127 between Trenton and the bluffs. The season was not favorable for rotting the sod, and the tubers were hard to excavate. He wanted help, which was hard to get. We wanted potatoes, and money wouldn’t buy them. Consequently it was ‘root, hog or die’ with us, and we’ went to rooting. A hard day’s work unearthed ten bushels to the man, for which one bushel was given as wages. I have to this day a very acute appreciation of the pleasant occupation I was then engaged in. Just fancy my get- ting up at 4 o’clock in the morning, breaking my fast as soon as possible, getting into a canoe, with hoe, basket and sack, and paddling up to Trenton, thence to the field. Now commences the dissection of that gutta percha sod, with a plantation hoe. A little experience in another line of business enabled me to get the hang of the thing. In getting honey out of a hollow tree, the best way is to cut two carfs into the cavity, then split off the block of timber between. The same rule held good in the present instance, but I must say I never saw sod so tough, potatoes so hard to get at, and so small when I got them. But as an offset, I have never eaten potatoes of an equal excellence. And I was prouder of the ten bushel I thus acquired than the biggest buck I ever arrested in his wild career through the woods, or the largest trout I ever landed from the clear, rushing waters of his native brook. Just think of it, ten bushels all my own ; no gift ; not begged, but earned. One hundred bushels torn from the rugged earth, ninety given as a peace offering, but ten my own, for use aud dissipation. I think I didn’t dissipate. On my back I nightly bore my wages down to my gondola, and sailed away for home. But I have dwelt too long on this subject, time has mellowed down all of pain that was associated with the circum- stance, and the recollection is now pleasurable, and full of inter- est to me in my musings and speculations. “Leaving this portion of my subject, I must now refer to one full of interest to me, but probably not so acceptable to the majority of my audience. Among the first items of information I obtained from the Indians was that the small spring brooks contained an abundance of trout, and the equally gratifying intelligence that they never used them as an article of food ; in fact their religious notions tabooed their use. From the name they gave the speckled beauties, I would infer they considered them too bad to eat. Hogal-wichasta-sni, literally wicked man fish, is not suggestive of high appreciation among the Indian community. They believed some malign influence resided in the fish, and that to eat them would be to invite disease, and the anger of the gods. This feeling was very prevalent among them, and Wacoota, the chief, being invited to take dinner with me, at which meal I informed him there would be a dish of trout, he 128 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY consented to be present, provided we would lock the doors, eat dinner upstairs, hang a curtain before the windows, and say nothing of what he had eaten. This was done, and old'Shooter’ made a very hearty meal, as Indians are likely to do, but I thought, during the trout course, that he acted as though the morsels were hard to swallow, like a bpy bolting his first oyster, and that qualms of conscience interfered with deglutitation. He ate frequently with me afterwards, but I cannot say that trout ever appeared to be a favorite dish with him. “All the streams within the limits of our county abounded with trout, with the exception of Prairie creek, the Pine Island branch of the Zumbro, and the Little Cannon. The latter stream has since been stocked, and now affords very fair sport, the run of trout being large. I only fished in four of these streams the first two years of my residence here, to-wit : Trout brook, the little stream emptying into Hay creek; Spring creek and Bul- lard’s creek. The first of these, however, being adjacent to town, was where I got my supply for home use. An hour or two in the evening would net me eight or ten pounds of fish. “In my various tramps through the country, when I struck a stream at a ford or ripple it was no uncommon thing to see dozens of trout rushing and tumbling over each other in their haste to reach their hiding places in deep water. On Hay creek I have thus frightened from a shallow ripple more than fifty pounds of fish at one time, and though I always carry an ample supply of fishing tackle with me, I never wet a line in that stream until 1854. This, I consider, the greatest instance of self-denial and resistance to temptation on record. I could cite many instances where better men probably have signally failed, and where the restraining influence would haye been much stronger. The reason why I did not gratify my natural instincts was the opposing one — and true sportsman maxim — never to kill what you cannot make use of ; and also, I am too great a lover of the gentle art to hasten the extinction, through a mere wantonness, of a creature that has so largely contributed to my pleasure and happiness. “With your permission, I will relate one of these instances, although properly not occurring in the early settlement of the county, premising my recital with the explanation that the cause of the temptation was a large, beautifully colored specimen of the gamest of all game fish — the trout. “A party from below, accredited to our fishing club as being ‘all right,’ arrived here and requested information as to where they could enjoy a couple of weeks’ good sporting during the hot month of July. The very paradise of fishing grounds was selected for them, and the next day their camp was pitched on a HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 129 beautiful spot on Rush river in the state of Wisconsin. A few rods of open priarie stretched down to the river from the camp, and* the small, orchard-like trees surrounding offered an inviting shade. In front loomed up big’ bluffs, covered with tall timber; back of the camp the ground rose in a succession of plateaus, until the general level of the country was attained. Taking it all in all, it was one of the loveliest situations for the purposes of a sportsman’s camp that 1 ever beheld. An invitation to call and break bread with them was accepted, and in a few days John Webster, Billy B., Sam Stevens and myself, were on the ‘old battle ground’ with rod, reel, line and various other appliances deemed necessary on such occasions. We found our friends en- joying themselves admirably. They had established friendly relations with the neighboring settlers and could not be better situated. One of the party was a minister of the gospel of the Methodist denomination, a Pennsylvanian by birth, brought up among the mountains of Sinnemahoning, as pure and unsophis- ticated as regards evil, as the mountain brooks of his native home. From his surroundings in childhood he could not have been less than a keen sportsman and be a man. “The country in the locality had been sparsely inhabited for a number of years. Young men with young families had settled there, and for a time had not felt the necessity of education or religious instruction. As their families grew up, however, several had expressed a determination to leave on account of their fam- ilies growing up ignorant in these particulars and devoid of a knowledge of the amenities and conventionalities of social life. A slight impetus of immigration has raised their drooping spirits, and by an effort they had just completed a school house, which, on the Sabbath, they used as a church when a wandering minister traveled that way. This being the situation, word was given out that our reverend sportsman, Brother Shaffer, would, with divine permission, give them a discourse on the ensuing Sabbath, at such an hour as might suit their convenience. Nature had been lavish of gifts to our friend of herculean proportions. He Avas deep chested, strong limbed, and with a A r oice as clear as the clarion’s notes, combined Avitli the resonance of distant artillery, yet he could modulate it to the murmur of a mountain rill, under the controllings of genial influences. His invariable practice, after the evening meal, as the shades of night drew on, was to retire a short distance from the camp, and I presume offer up his devotions, and then break forth in evening hymn, which caused all camp avoca- tions to be suspended. The very birds ceased their songs ; the gambolings of the little denizens of the forest and the busy hum of insect life seemed hushed. Naught of earth was heard but the woice of praise and the gentle murmur of the passing stream, in 130 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY fitting unison. We were not the only auditors. The powerful voice of the singer had penetrated far into the surrounding woods. Hearers had learned when to enjoy the pleasure and would silently approach the camp without their presence being known, that they might more clearly appreciate the beauty of the song. A religious feeling was aroused, and the hearts of the community were in sympathy with Brother Shaffer. On Sunday morning all the inmates of the camp were on their way to the place of meeting, and it appeared that the entire population was in motion. By the roads, footpaths, and through the woods they came, until the house was full and groups standing on the outside. The speaker gave them a discourse suited to their wants. The grand old woods and the crystal waters came in as blessings which should be thankfully acknowledged in their devotions to God, together with the sustenance and pleasure derived therefrom. The re- marks were appreciated, and I will venture that seed was sown there that time will not smother, nor the germinal principal decay, without bringing forth much fruit. “After the sermon all the fishing party returned to camp, with the exception of our clerical friend, who was requested to stay and conduct the exercises of the class and Sunday school. In course of the afternoon, Webster and myself took a stroll on the hillside back of our camp, where the river, running a few yards from the path, at the base of the hill, was plainly visible in the interval between the trees. The pools of Avater were as calm as the sleep of an infant. The quieting influence of the day ap- peared to have affected the inmates of the Avaters, and their usual lively demonstrations Avere sobered down to a gentle motion of their fins to keep them in suspension in their liquid element. A cosy shelf on the hillside invited a rest and we sat down to enjoy the scene. Anon a ripple- in the stream attracted attention. ’Twas not larger than that caused by a drop of rain. Nothing Avas said, but my eyes Avere riveted on the spot. ’Twas repeated and in the same place. I saAV that I should fall into temptation, to avoid which I ingloriously fled. What Webster saAV, I know not, but when he returned to camp his eyes had a prominence and convexity that indicated having ‘seen sights,’ and his manner that of a high state of nervous excitement. I said he returned. He did, but he disappeared again, in a state of mind that caused serious apprehension on the part of his friends. In a short time Shaffer arrived, and selecting a tufty, shady spot, threw himself prone on the ground, discoursing pleasantly of the happiness he felt in having been allowed to minister to the Avants of a people so much in need of gospel teaching and so willing to receive it. I heard him, and cordially was with him in spirit, but my eyes HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 131 were on the path, over the shingle and up the river, where our absent friend evidently had gone. After a time my apprehensions were almost quieted in regard to Webster, and I was watching the countenance of the speaker as it swayed under the various emotions called up by the incidents of the day. when a noise startled me. Turning around I saw Webster approaching a few yards away, evidently in a more easy state of mind. On he came, and I was hopeful that none of the proprieties of the clay or occa- sion had been violated, but when within ten feet of me he sud- denly extended his right arm, softly exclaiming ‘Look there.’ I sprang to my feet and beheld the very incarnation of piscatorial beauty, his colors unfaded and the light of life still in his eye. My exclamation brought Brother Shaffer to a sitting position. His eyes had an imperfect vision, and he sternly exclaimed, ‘Oh„ you wicked, wicked man.’ Webster skilfully displayed the full- length broadside to view. Brother Shaffer was on his feet in a twinkling, fondling the fish, and the words. ‘Oh. isn’t he a beauty ! ’ burst involuntarily from his lips, his admiration obliter- ating all thought of the crime. A rebuke was now powerless, as he himself, by his involuntary exclamation and action, was not above the temptation, but in fact participated in the fault. “The human countenance, as a reflex mirror of impressions on the mental organization, is a pleasing and instructive study, from the -very inception of the stimuli on the infant brain up to its maximum in mature manhood, thence following on the waning side of life to those changes which shadow forth the coming of second childhood. Friend Shaffer’s physiognomy for a brief season well repaid study and analyzation. First were traces of sorrow and rebuke, then surprise and wonder, followed quickly by signs of extravagant admiration, thence down the grade to' shame and humiliation. The thought waves were electrical in velocity — each ripple expressing a sentiment or emotion which the most rapid symbolism could not trace on paper. A single character would have to represent the emotional name ; to eluci- date it would require pages, yet it was plainly written, and in as legible characters as though carved in ‘monumental marble . 7 With a sigh he subsided into his former position, realizing, doubt- less, the weakness and imperfection of human nature, and that even the best of men are as ‘prone to do evil as the sparks are to fly upward.’ “I think all those who saw that little episode will never for- get it. It was one of the incidents that language cannot com- municate or the artist’s pencil portray; the finer features of the picture would be inevitably lost. My thoughts called up Uncle Toby’s violation of the third commandment, in his anxiety to relieve the poor lieutenant, and I would adopt the author’s views 132 HISTORY OR GOODHUE COUNTY as to the criminality in the ease, with a very slight alteration : That the accusing spirit which flew up to Heaven’s chancery with the fault blushed as he gave it in; and the recording angel, as he wrote it down, dropped a tear upon the word, blotting it out forever. “In the fall of 1852, having a fishing-seine in our possession, we organized a fishing party, and built the necessary craft for running a fishery. We began the enterprise for the purpose of supplying our own wants. Meeting with great success, and having nothing else to do, salt and barrels were procured, aud in a short time we supplied St. Paul with forty barrels of good fish, at the remarkably low price of $6 per barrel. Our fishing ground was the ‘Bay,’ on the Wisconsin side, about a mile above Bay City. Large quantities were caught, of all the kinds inhabiting the river, but we only preserved the best fish, rejecting pike, pickerel, bass, sturgeon, dog-fish, sheep-head and gars, while the rich, fat and luscious cat, buffalo and carp were carefully cleaned and salted, Avell repaying us for our labor. At one haul of our seine, in the lake referred to, we took out over eight barrels of fish, when cleaned and packed, besides an innumerable quantity of the ‘baser sort’ as before indicated. “These remarks may provoke satirical comments from the members of that class of fisherman who think that the mantle of old Izaak Walton has fallen on them individually, and that their palates and peculiar notions should form the standard of true sport and gustatory excellence. But to these I would say, we only wanted such fish as would repay us in nutriment and feed for the animal economy, when the mercury ranged from zero to forty below. This Avas supplied by our selection, some of the fish yielding over a pint of good oil. Pike, pickerel, bass and trout, as salted fish, are about as nutrient as floating islands, puffs, pastry and gimcracks, and all are measurably AA r orthless as food to strong, hearty working men. “A short description of three or four of the Indian celebrities of the village may not be out of place. I Avill commence Avith ‘Wacoota’ — literally the ‘Shooter,’ chief of the band. “Wacoota stood about six feet in his moccasins, was Avell pro- portioned, and, I judge, about sixty-five years of age A\dien I kneAV him. He was the most intelligent man in the band, with the exception of Wa-kon-toppy. He Avas friendly to the whites, and much disposed to adopt the habits and customs of civilized life, and consequently without much authority among the reckless young men of the village. His schemes for promoting the well- being of his people Avere thwarted by Mahpiya-maza, or Iron 'Cloud, second in rank, but first in real power. Mahpiya-maza Avas a crafty, intriguing politician, favoring HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 133 all the raiding propensities of the young men, stimulating opposi- tion to any advancement in civilization; begging when it would accomplish his object; threatening when he thought he had the power to do injury — a base, bad man, and a thorough savage, whom no kindness could bind in the bonds of friendship, nor reason influence to adopt views salutatory to the welfare of his band. His only redeeming trait of character was his advocacy of the cause of temperance. Ilis death, in the latter part of the summer of 1852, freed the whites of the annoyance of his presence and counsels. Being indisposed with symptoms of biliousness indicating cholera, which was then prevalent along the river, he called at Mr. Potter’s trading house, and espying a demijohn, he asked if it contained minne-wakon (whiskey). Mr. Potter told him it did not, that it was cha-han-ti-cha (molasses or tree sap). The old fellow immediately asked for a donation, but was in- formed that it belonged to Paska, as E. C. Stevens was called by the Sioux. Iron Cloud then left on a hunt for Mr. Stevens, first stopping at his own tepee and getting a good-sized coffee pot, as though sure of his object. After finding Mr. Stevens he succeeded in getting the molasses. In a day or two this medicine was dis- posed of, but the patient was not much benefited by its use, and importunate for more. Mr. Stevens came to me and inquired what would be the result if old Mahpiya repeated the dose. My reply was that it would kill him as dead as Julius Caesar. But importunity finally obtained the coveted sweets, and in a few hours a messenger arrived from a lodge in the Indian corn-field, win) told me that Iron Cloud was very sick and wanted to see me. I accompanied the messenger and on entering the tent found it occupied by the sick man stretched on a robe. His wife had ranged in a semi-circle six of the most popular medicine-men, dressed in very unprofessional costume, or rather in undress, for the united apparel of the whole conclave would not have afforded material enough for a pair of leggins. The doctors looked very sullen at my intrusion, but the patient told me that they had done him no good, and wanted me to do what I could for him. Upon examination I found him past all remedies, so I left. In an hour a Avail told me of the departure of Maphiya-maza to the happy hunting ground of the Indian spirit Avorld. “T’maza-washta, or Good Iron, Avas the next man of import- ance in the village. Taller than Wacoota, always smiling, a rebuff neAmr ruffled his equanimity. A friend of both the Wacoota and Iron Cloud factions, he successfully performed the difficult feat of carrying Avater on both shoulders, as the phrase is. On the death of the second chief, Good Iron was excessively amiable, making feasts and otherwise doing those things which Ave in 134 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY civilized life see so frequently performed by aspiring men thirst- ing for political distinction. The old fellow being so good- natured, I frequently gave more heed to his requests than was proper or necessary, and he had reached the conclusion that he had only to ask and he would receive the favor. He wanted to be the second chief. A delegation of Indians from Wabasha stopped at our village, and Good Iron concluded a big feast would bring him the desired elevation. 1 had a fat cow and a good one, and an equally fat dog, but in no other particular did the dog resemble the cow. Now these two animals, in old T’maza’s esti- mation, would just about furnish the necessary amount of influ- ence to place him in possession of the object of his aspirations. Accordingly, all smiles, he preferred his request, and, of course was refused. He was a little crestfallen at first, but he soon laughed and said: ‘My friend, you always gave me what I asked for. Now, when I have friends come to see me and I want to feast them you refuse me your cow and your dog. It is not good.’ I couldn’t see the logic. The old beggar got to be second chief, however. . , “Maca-tiniza, meaning Standing Earth, more generally known among the whites as ‘Old Scolder,’ was a regular old masculine termagant. Nothing suited him. His only luxury was gambling, and he enjoyed that to an unlimited extent. He was, however, a strict Good Templar, and not a bad Indian; but his unfortunate peculiarity rendered him anything but a favorite among his people. He attended church frequently and behaved very well, except on one occasion. I had made Wacoota a one-horse tra-in, or sled, the first winter of my residence here. The ‘Scolder’ knew of this, and one Sabbath when we were all at church and Mr. Hancock was in the midst of his discourse, the old man and his wife entered. Giving a succession of grunts, he said: ‘I have come to church to learn to be good, and maybe the Good Spirit will smile on me, so that Pezutawichasta (my Indian name) will make me a sled.’ The old fellow grinned at his interruption of the service, and I concluded that his religion was not of a serious nature, or likely to become chronic. I never saw him sleigh- riding, but I am informed that he was one of those unfortunates who perished on the scaffold at Mankato at the close of the Indian war in our state. “Wakon-toppy (Esteemed Sacred) was my friend, and with him I will conclude my list. He was honest, honorable and intel- ligent, a true man whether judged by the savage or civilized standard. This man was the only Indian I ever knew Avliose word and character were above reproach. The traders gave him credit whenever he desired, sure that they would receive prompt pay- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 135 ment. Whatever he stated to be a fact could be relied on. He frequently camped with me, and it was my especial delight to till our camp-kettle with eatables enough for a dozen men, and in addition thereto make a corresponding amount of pezuta-saps (black medicine or coffee) and then drawl over the meal, eating slowly, constantly replenishing Wakon-toppy ’s plate and cup. which he made a point of honor to empty as soon as possible, until the old fellow would heave a deep sigh and cry out ‘ Ozhuta ! ’ (full). Whenever this was accomplished, look out for yarns. I have lain in the tent and listened for five long hours at a stretch to the tales, traditions, history of the feats in war and hunting. He had never gone on a raid against the Chippewas, but he had followed the warpath south and west against the Saukies and Omahas. His father was adopted into a Dakota family, having been taken prisoner when he was very young in one of the Dakota forays against the Sauks and Foxes, and finally married a sister of Ti-tan-ka Monia, or Walking Buffalo, a very influential chief, and father of Wacoota. Wakon-toppy was very anxious to adopt civilized habits, and I wrote several letters, at his dictation, to the Indian Agent, in which he desired the government to give him eighty acres of land, and he would release all claims to annuities. He even went so far as to stake out his claim, which was where the village of Mazeppa now is, and was where he made his winter hunting ground for a long period of years, and where he wished his bones to rest when the Master of Life should summon him hence to a residence in the spirit world. His letters were unan- swered and he was not allowed to hold his claim when the whites came, but was driven off with threats of violence. He stayed around here until after the Spirit Lake massacre. Finally, con- cluding to go up to Red Wood, the then place of residence of our old band, he gave me a history of Ink-pa-duta and his followers, and told me if he could get permission he would lead his party against them. In the fall an Indian messenger on his way to Wabasha stopped at my house, at the old man’s request, and gave me an account of the expedition. Wakon-toppy had kept his word. Nearly all the inmates of the three lodges perished by the hands of their own kindred. This man, so prompt to avenge the wrongs of the whites, perished miserably in confinement at Daven- port, for no other crime than that of not being able to control the young men of his family in the Indian difficulties on the frontier. From his imprisonment at Mankato he sent me word, by Lieu- tenant Comstock, that his fault was in letting his son have a horse, not knowing the purpose for which it was to be used. If previous good character in any man is to be relied on. then was Wakon-toppy an innocent victim. 136 HISTOEY OP GOODHUE COUNTY “In the spring of 1853 I farmed the old Indian cornfield. The crop was oats, corn, seven acres of potatoes, six of rutabagas, turnips, pumpkins, cabbages, beans, etc., all of which yielded largely. In the fall I needed help to secure the corn and potatoes, and there was no other resource than to hire native laborers, the white population of the county not exceeding one hundred souls. The Indian camp was situated on the Mississippi river, near the mouth of the Cannon river. I dug a few rows across the potato patch in order to ascertain what a day’s work might be, and found that six rows were a moderate day’s labor, but knowing the Indians pretty well I decided to make four the standard. This done, I sent word to the camp that twenty women were wanted to help me, who should receive a barrel of potatoes for every four times they dug across the field. The next morning found me at the patch, but 9 o’clock arrived before they came. At last thirteen women hove in sight, accompanied by about two dozen dogs, a like number of children, several camp kettles, sack straps and hoes. In a short time the business preliminaries were adjusted by the high contracting parties. Among the operatives were the Princess Royal Lucy and her niece, Weenona. “About 11 o’clock, after working about an hour and a half, the workers stopped work and held a short council, and I was soon informed of the result of their deliberations, which was nothing less than that I should get dinner for them. I refused to cook for such a crowd, but we finally compromised by my furnishing pork and bread. Vegetables were close at hand. A note was written to my wife on a white basswood chip, desiring her to let the bearer have eight pounds of pork and-all the bread she could spare. The messenger rata off on the errand like a deer, while an old squaw rigged three tripods for camp kettles, washed potatoes and turnips, and cut up cabbages and pumpkins ; then when the pork arrived it was all dumped into the kettles together. When it was cooked it was sufficient for a company of infantry who had been on a short allowance of hard tack, but it all dis- appeared under the united efforts of women, children and dogs. At the close of the day all received their wages — two women having accomplished eight rows each, each of them receiving two barrels, which they all took home with them, promising to return the next day. “The next morning thirty-two squaws appeared, with the usual accompaniment, and the same number continued until the field was finished. When the last round was dug we were all grouped together on a slope between Main and Third streets, and women talking and joking. Lucy stepped up to me and said : ‘Pezuta-wichasta, do you know the reason why you have not HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 137 worked any in the field?’ I thought I saw mischief in her eye, and looking around observed the same sign among the dusky crowd ; but not to be beat by squaws I replied : ‘Yes, it is because there are so many women to work for me, there is no need of my working.’ She said: ‘No, no, that is not it; you are little and not strong, and cannot work,’ tossing her blanket off as she made the remark. I saw the point at once, and felt relieved, as that was one of my best holds. I told her I was strong enough for any in that crowd. No sooner were the words out of my mouth than Lucy pitched in, and was thrown a double somersault the first time. Another essay was made, with like result. A little whispered parley took place, and a challenge for a third trial was given. We squared ourselves shoulder to shoulder, Lucy gripping like a vice. Just as the struggle commenced I felt myself grasped from behind, and knew I had got into difficulty. The outside pressure was heavy against me — tripping, yelling and laughter. The best I could do was. to make of it Avhat in my youth was called a ‘dog fall’; that is a tumble into a promiscuous • "9 heap, without anyone being uppermost enough to speak of, and this was accomplished. I extricated myself from the confused mass, and concluded not to engage any further in this undignified pastime, knowing very well that fair play couldn’t be had in that crowd. Then they dispersed, having gathered for me over 1,000 bushels of potatoes, exclusive of their own wages. From this crop I never realized a dollar, as there was no market, but it answered very well for gratuitous distribution in the spring of 1854. “Having such success in operating with native labor, I con- cluded to put up eight acres of corn, so as to secure the fodder for my stock, it being, as yet, but little injured by the frost. The services of a married woman and her sister were secured, beside two boys of ten or twelve years of age. The girl was sixteen or seventeen years old, and the most mischievous imp I ever saw. She appeared to have grown too fast for the apparel she had on, for I noticed that her upper garments refused to form a junction at the waist with that portion designed as a protection for the lower parts of the body.. Myself and the women cut up the corn ; the duty of the boys was to place it in the shock. After work- ing pretty hard, the day being warm, I called a rest and we all sat down, I fanning myself with a large straw hat. When it was time to resume labor the women were told to go to work. The girl laughingly refused, telling me to work myself. After a little parley she finally got up and advanced close to where I was sitting. Making a remark to attract my attention away from her, she dexterously seized my hat by the rim and sent it sailing 138 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY over the cornfield, and then bounded like a deer to get out of my reach ; but she was too late. Without rising, I threw myself forward in the direction she was. going, grasping desperately at the same time. I caught the hem of her garment and something gave away. When I recovered an upright position and my equa- nimity, I saw a dark piece of feminine apparel lying on the ground, and what to my astonished gaze appeared to be a pair of preambulating tongs scudding through the corn. The girl hid herself behind a shock and commenced pleading for her clothes. After tormenting her enough. I exacted a promise that she would behave herself and go to work, and then sent one of the boys with the desired garment. When she rejoined the company her coun- tenance had a very decided vermilion tinge, and I thus discov- ered that a squaw could blush.” Joseph W. Hancock was born in Orford, N. IT, April 4, 1816. He attended the public schools at that place and followed this by a course at the academy located in Bradford, Yt. As a young man he taught in various places in New England, and in 1841 started out for the West. He journeyed down the Ohio river to the Mississippi, and then came north as far as Quincy, 111. .Here he taught school for a while and soon afterward had a class among the Winnebago Indians in Iowa. Later he taught a private school in Prairie du Chien, Wis. He found, however, that although he had come west for the sake of his health, the change of climate had not worked the desired change and consequently he returned to the East and spent some time at Saratoga, N. YT. where he found the water from the springs to be of great benefit. In 1846 lie was united in marriage with Martha Maria Houghton, a sister of H. 0. Houghton, the noted Boston publisher. In 1848 Mr. Hancock received a commission from the American Board of Foreign Missions to become a missionary to the Sioux Indians, west of the Mississippi, and was sent to the Indian village of Red Wing, in the Northwest territory, where a band of Indians had long been located, and where missionary efforts had previously been conducted. The first white person known to have been buried within the limits of Goodhue county was the wife of Mr. Hancock. After two years of service among the Sioux her health gave away and she died March 21, 1851. To this union were born two children. William died in infancy, the other is Mrs. William Holliday. In 1852 he was married to Sarah Rankin, who died in March, 1859, leaving two children, Stella and James Otis. In October, 1860, he was united in marriage with Juliet Thompson, who died in 1897. Mr. Hancock began preaching to the early settlers in 1852, and in January, 1855, organized the First Presby- terian Church of Red Wing, of which he was pastor for seven years. During the remainder of his life he was connected with Rev. Joseph \V. Hancock, I- HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 139' that church. He helped to organize the Winona presbytery in 1855, being one of the three clergymen who founded it. In addi- tion to -his religious work, Mr. Hancock was in various capacities connected with the civic life of the community. He was first postmaster in Bed Wing, and was appointed by Governor Ram- sey, territorial governor of Minnesota, as register of deeds in 1855. In the fall of that year he was elected to the office by the people. He was deeply interested in educational affairs and in the early history of the community had much to do in shaping the school interests. From 1862 to 1865 he was superintendent of schools in Goodhue county, and from 1870 to 1880 again served in the same capacity. His latter years Avere spent practically in retirement. He published a short history of the county in 1893, and to his writings the managers of the present publication are greatly indebted. William B. Hancock, deceased, was one of those heroes Avho ga\ r e the best of the young manhood to the cause of their country, having come out of the nation’s great civil struggle badly crippled, and doomed to suffer more or less pain for the remain- der of his natural days. He Avas born at Orforcl, N. H.. January 26, 1832, son of Joseph and Dvdia (Peck) Hancock, both natUes of NeAV England. The father Avas a farmer and blacksmith all his life. He went to Vermont in early manhood, but in his declin- ing years returned to NeAV Hampshire, Avhere he died in 1876. His Avife died many years before, in 1832. William B. receWed his education in Vermont, and after leaving school farmed Avith his father. At the outbreak of the C'Dil AVar, Avhen the Green Mountain -boys Avere rallying to the support of the Union and the flag which the sons of that state loA^e so AA T .ell, he enlisted, in August, 1861. at Montpelier, A T t., seiwing in Company H. 6th AYr- mont Volunteer Infantry. He was Avounded at Lee’s Mills, in April, 1862, in both limbs, as the result of Avhich he Avas -left crippled for the rest of his life. In the early days he came to Featherstone toAAmship. this county, bringing Avith him his family, ready to establish a home-tree in this neAA" and rich country. He first bought eighty acres, to which he added from time to time until he. owned 200 acres, on Avhich he carried on general farming Avith much success. In 1899 he retired and moA’ed to Red Wing, where he died, November 24, 1907. He Avas a Republican in politics, and a belieA^er in the religious doctrines set forth by the Universalist denomination. Air. Hancock Avas married, December 13, 1855, at Berlin, Vt., to Laura B. Smith, a daughter of Abner and Rebecca (Carr) Smith, natives of the Green Mountain state. Her father Avas a carpenter and joiner, a A r ocation he folloAved until the beginning of the Avar. He joined the Union army, see- ing in Company B, 1st Vermont Volunteer Infantry. At the 140 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY battle of Cold Harbor, June 1, 1864, when the New England regi- ments were being mowed down like grass, he gave up his life in defense of his country and the principles in which he so thor- oughly believed. To Mr. and Mrs. Hancock were born four children. Eugene A. is the capable manager of the family estate at Featherstone, having taken charge of the home farm in 1899. He lives at 1208 Twelfth street, in Red Wing, with his mother, driving to and fro to attend to his duties on the farm. Fred L., the second son, died in infancy at Worcester, Yt. Arabella R. married Hiram Watson, of Red Wing. The youngest child, N. Maude, married Gustave Kunze, an insurance agent, of St. Paul. William W. Sweney, M. D., was the second physician who set- tled in Minnesota for the purpose of practicing his profession. He located in St. Paul in April, 1850. Dr. Murphy had settled there the year before. Dr. Sweney was the son of Alexander M. and Mary M. Ivelir Sweney, and was born in Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, in the year 1818. His father was of Scotch- Irish, and his mother of Pieclmontese-Huguenot descent. When William was eighteen years old he moved to Fulton county, Illinois, having previously obtained an academic education in his native town. He read medicine with Dr. Abram Hull, of Marietta, 111., practiced in connection with him in 1848-9, and graduated at Rush Medical College, Chicago, after settling in Minnesota. In May, 1852, he came to Red Wing, which was at that time an Indian town, on the Mississippi, having an Indian farmer, John Bush, and an Indian missionary, Rev. Joseph W. Hancock. The doctor gave his services to the Indians, whenever called upon, freely, and was highly esteemed by them. After the Indians were removed, as settlers multiplied. Dr. Sweney ’s professional business increased, and for a quarter of a century he had as many and as long rides as any one man could reason- ably desire. He always had the confidence of the people up to the time he was unable to practice longer. He was a member of the Goodhue County and of the State Medical Society; Avas president of the former in 1872, and of the latter in 1873. He wrote several essays on the “Climatology and Diseases of Min- nesota,” a prize essay on the “Epidemics and Endemics of Min- nesota,” a prize essay on “ Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis”; also on a feAv other subjects. He Avas elected to the territorial legisla- ture in 1857, serving in the last session before Minnesota became a state. He also held office several terms in the municipality of Red Wing. In politics he Avas a state’s rights Democrat, but no disunionist; not an active politician in his latter years. Dr. Sweney AA^as married in Fulton county, Illinois, in 1841, to Maria Freeborn, daughter of Richard Freeborn, of that place, who emi- grated to Minnesota early in the fifties and died in Red Wing HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNT Y 141 about 1870, in a good old age. Dr. Sweney’s favorite pastime was trout fishing, though he often indulged in the pursuit of other game in the early days. He was a good physician, cautious of giving medicine when he was convinced that none was needed, ever ready to attend the calls of the suffering, whether poor or rich. He was a quiet and unassuming man, yet always consid- ered a prominent citizen in Red Wing. His death occurred iu August, 1882. His funeral was attended, at the Episcopal church, by the largest number of all classes of citizens ever assembled on a like occasion in the previous history of the place. The church was crowded and its entrances thronged. The procession which followed his remains to their final rest in Oakwood consisted of the various orders of secret societies, the firemen and all the various benevolent associations of the city. i CHAPTER XII TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGES. Organization and Original Names — Belle Creek— Belvidere — Burnside— Cherry Grove — Central Point — Early Settlement. Goodhue county received its name in honor of James M. Goodhue, the pioneer editor and printer of the state, who at the time of his early death, in 1852, had already won for himself name and fame as well as influence in the new territory. It con- sists of twenty-three townships, all of which are practically the same in area and name as when first constituted in 1858. They are: Welch, Burnside, Wacoota, Stanton, Cannon Falls, Vasa, Featherstone, Hay Creek, Florence, Central Point, Warsaw, Leon, Belle Creek, Goodhue, Belvidere, Holden, Wanamingo, Minneola, Zumbrota, Kenyon, Cherry Grove, Roscoe and Pine Island. Red AVing formerly had a township organization. Pre- vious to 1858 precincts had been established, but townships were not laid out as regularly organized political divisions until that year, when, under a new act passed by the legislature, Martin S.' Chandler, William P. Tanner and Jesse Mclntire, the three gen- tlemen selected, defined and named the townships in Goodhue county as follows. (Where no note is made of subsequent changes, the township at present remains as at that time con- stituted.) Belle Creek, all of township 111, range 16. Cherry Grove, all of township 109, range 17. Central Point, all of that part of township 112, range 12, lying in Goodhue county. Cannon Falls, all of township 112, range 17. Featherstone, all of township 112, range 15. Florence, all of that, part of township 112, range 13, lying in Goodhue county. Holden, all of township 110, range 18. Hay Creek, all of township 112, range 14. Kenyon, all of township 112, range 18. Leon, all of township 111, range 17. Pine Island, all of township 109, range 15. Roscoe, all of township 109, range 16. 1 142 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 143 Red Wing (now city), the west half of township 113, range 14, fractional, and sections 13, 24, 25 and 36, township 113, range 15. Two of the sections originally placed in Red Wing were after- ward set off and attached to Burnside. Stanton, all of township 113, range 13, lying in Goodhue county. Union, all of township 113, range 16, north of Cannon river. All of township 113, range 15, except sections 13, 24, 25 and 36, and all of township 114, ranges 15 and 16, fractional. This was afterward changed to Milton and then with some additions to Burnside. Vasa, all of township 112, range 16, and all of township 113, range 16, south of the Cannon river. Wanamingo, all of township 110, range 17. Warsaw, all of township 111, range 18. AVaeoota, all of township 113, range 13, in Goodhue county, and the east half of township 113, range 14, fractional. York, all of township 111, ranges 14 and 15. This was changed first to Elmira, then to Belvidere, and a half of the latter was later set off as Lime, later known as Goodhue. Zumbrota, all of township 110, ranges 15 and 16. This was afterward divided and a part set off as Minneola. The board was notified that three of the names, those of Stanton, York and Union, would have to be changed. The board then changed Union to Milton, Stanton to Lillian, and York to Elmira. Stanton later assumed its original name. Later the committee was notified that the name of Elmira would have to be changed. A committee of three, Messrs. Stearns, White and Stone, to whom this matter was referred, reported in favor of substituting Belvidere for Elmira, and the change was accord- ingly made. Goodhue organized September 13, 1859, in answer to a peti- tion, when township 111, range 15, was erected into a separate township called Lime, the latter name being changed to Goodhue in January, 1860. The township was originally a part of Belvidere. Burnside was the name applied to Milton, at the request of the state auditor, March 25, 1862. In March, 1864, when the legislature amended the city charter of Red Wing, sections 13 and 24, township 113, range 15, were set off from Red Wing and attached to Burnside. Welch was organized March 23, 1864, when the board of commissioners divided Burnside by setting off the east fractional half of township 114, north, range 16, west, and all of township 113, north, range 16, west, lying north of Cannon river, into a separate township, and called it Grant, which on January 3, 144 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1872, was changed to. Welch, in honor of the late Major Abram Edwards Welch, of Red Wing. BELLE CREEK TOWNSHIP. Belle Creek township lies in practically the geographical center of the county, and constitutes one entire government township, its number being 111 north, range 16 Avest. Its area has remained unchanged since the township Avas first constituted in accordance with the township act of the legislature in 1858. Belle creek waters the western part of this township, and affords fair water poAver. It. is bordered by fine stretches of hay meadows and an occasional ledge of limestone. Near the creek are also scattering groves of oaks, white birch and poplar. The surface, which is largely a rich, undulating, high prairie, except in the vicinity of the creek, is in general about 150 feet higher than its neighboring township of Yasa. Its other neighbors are Leon, on the Avest; Minneola, on the south, and Goodhue, on the east. The first influx of whites into this section was in 1853, Avhen Charles Ross and A. G. Ivempe went into the township and built a. cabin on section 5, near the creek. They spent the winter there, but soon after moved north into Avhat is noAV Yasa. In the spring, or early summer, of 1854, Walter Doyle, with his five sturdy sons, Henry, Richard, Michael, AYalter and John, settled on sections 2 and 4. Benoni Hill and his sons, John, Henry and Thomas, came in July and made their claims on sections 5 and 8. James O’Neill and family also came the same year; and in the fall the Rev. S. P. Chandler staked out a claim, but did not move on it until the following spring. In 1855 the influx was rapid, and the toAvn Avas soon thickly settled. A large part of the ground Avas broken up, grain sowed, and cottages built in place of the original cabins. It Avas not long before children came to bless the- homes of the pioneers. Anna O’Neill Avas born in March, 1855, but did not long live to enjoy the distinction of being the first Avliite child born in the township, having passed aAvay when still a schoolgirl. Her father AA r as James O’Neill. May Cook was born in August of the same year, daughter of Jacob Cook. John Cavanaugh, son of Patrick Cavanaugh, was born in November. The first two deaths Avere by accident. In the early part of the winter of 1855-56, Dennis Cavanaugh started to go on foot to his brother’s, a distance of about two and a half miles. After he started, a terrible storm came up, and he was frozen to death near Hader, having lost his Avay. His body, which was not located until the snow had melted in the spring, Avas found three miles from his home, and in an opposite direction from the one HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 145 lie should have kept to reach his brother’s. His wanderings through the wilderness in the raging storm, until merciful death relieved him from his sufferings, can only be imagined. In May of the following spring, James Connel attempted to cross a slough .with an axe on his shoulder. In some manner he stumbled and fell, and the edge of the axe struck his head, causing a fracture of the skull which resulted in death. The first death due to natural causes was that of Mrs. S. P. Chandler, June 28. 1856. Pioneer discomforts were no dampener to the ardor of Cupid, and in 1856. Lewis White and Emeline Hill took before the Rev. S. P. Chandler the vows which made them man and wife. Although no school houses were erected until 1859, as early as the fall of 1858 Alvin Herbert taught school in the basement of a stone house owned by a Mr. Kirkpatrick, and the school was continued in session practically every season, in some of the settlers’ houses. The rich soil of the township showed its possibilities even in the earliest days, for in 1856 Walter Doyle and others obtained fair yields of wheat, threshed it by hand with flails and carried it to the Mazeppa mill to be ground. In 1856 James Allen laid out a village plat and christened the place Troy City. With sanguine hopes of the future, Jesse Johnson built- a store and stocked it with merchandise. No other building was ever erected on the village site. The financial crash of 1857 impaired trade to such an extent that Mr. Johnson closed his store ; and all further attempts to build a city there were abandoned. A postoffiee, called Burr Oak, was established in 1854. and PI. M. Doyle was appointed postmaster. This was on the line of the old stage route from St. Paul to Dubuque, and the folloAving year, when the mail route Avas changed, the office Avas discontinued. During the existence of this office Mr. Doyle’s house Avas the last one on the road before reaching Oronoco, twenty-five miles to the south, and consequently Avas an all-night stopping place for the stage, and Mr. Doyle entertained such prominent men of the early days as Governor Ramsey, General Sibley, J. C. Burbank and many others. He also .entertained twenty-six of the principal men and chiefs of the Chippewa tribe, including “Hole in the Day,” their head chief, when they Avere on their way to Washington. In 1858 another postoffice was established in the southwest part of the toAvn and named Belle Creek. S. P. Chandler, the first postmaster, retained that position for many years. There Avas no hotel, and Mr. Chandler opened his house for the accom- modation of travelers, especially the farmers of the western part of the county, avIio had no other place to stop on their way to Red Wing with their wheat. When the Minnesota Central rail- 146 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY road was completed to Faribault the tide was turned toward that village, And Chandler’s place was closed to the general public. At the first election, held at the residence of Walter Doyle, thirty votes were polled. Among the early supervisors were S. P. Chandler, H. M. Doyle (two terms), Michael Doyle, John Edwards, Francis Malloy, Walter Doyle and James Malloy. The early clerks were Patrick Drudy (four terms), H. M. Doyle, Michael Doyle (two terms), P. J. Sheridan and Michael Doyle. The township did its share in the Civil War in a noble way. The official list of those enlisting from the township is as follows : Freeman J. Beers, Truman E. Beers, George Cook, James McGrath, John Manning, David Petty, William Gardiner, John Hilger, Jacob Hilger, Jacob Cook, Jr., Timothy Cavanaugh, Wal- ter W. Doyle, Patrick Drudy, Patrick Edwards, Martin Edwards, Timothy Foley, Patrick Foley, Henry L. Gilbert, Henry M. Craig, Patrick Malloy, Daniel W. Malloy, Thomas Bolls, Cornelius K, Bylen, David Switzer, John B. Taylot. James Cassidy, George Cook, James Sehweiger, Ruben Taylor, Horace Carpenter, Nelson Cannon, Elander W. Carpenter, Francis M. Irish, William J. More, Russell E. Snell, George Johnson, Amos Hanson, John Nels Johnson, Robert Smithson, Henry Kirkland, Isaac Bridell, Michael Cavanaugh, Nels Johnson. The first religious services held in this town were at the resi- dence of Benoni Hill, May 25, 1855, the Rev. Norris Hobart officiating. The Catholic church was commenced in 1865, and cost over $3,000. The present beautiful edifice was erected in 1893. It is the largest congregation in the town, and has been a potent influence in the upbuilding of the community. The Episcopal church was built in 1873 at a cost of $1,600, mainly through the exertions of the Rev. S. P. Chandler, who was pastor of the parish until his death, in 1888. For several years there was a postoffice at Ryan, in the eastern part of the township. BELVIDERE TOWNSHIP. Belvidere was given the name of York by the committee which had charge of the organization of the Goodhue county townships in 1858. At the instance of the state authorities this was changed to Elmira, and after the same authorities had urged their objections to this name it was changed to Belvidere, which it has since remained. Belvidere originally included what is now Goodhue. The township comprises government township No. Ill north, range 14 west. Wells creek rises in the northwestern part of the town, running north and east. It is fed by Clear and Rock HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 147 •creeks, and then crosses the northern boundary into Hay Creek township. The northern part of Belvidere is somewhat broken by these streams, and has a hilly contour. The southern half, though much higher, is simply undulating, or rolling. On the eastern border of the town is an isolated mound, reaching an elevation of something like twelve hundred feet above the sea. The soil of the township is good, and the streams afford excellent facilities for raising stock. Belvidere is bounded on the north by Hay creek, on the east and south by Wabasha county, and on the west by Goodhue. In the spring of 1855, N. B. Gaylord and his brother, George, located on Rock creek in the northern part of the township. In August of that year, Joseph S. Thompson settled on Wells creek, and a short time afterward he was joined by N. B. Gaylord, who settled near, preferring that location to the place where he took his original claim. During the fall of 1855 occurred an event which was of importance to the future history of the county. Claus Holst, and a number of other German families, took up their residence near the head waters of Wells creek, and began opening up farms. The part which the German pioneers and their descendants have taken in the development of the county is related at some length in another chapter. In 1856 there came an influx of immigration to this township, and the farms were soon settled up. Ida Thompson was the first child born in the township, June 13, 1856. The first marriage was that of George Steele and Junia Pingrey, a sister of Mrs. J. S. Thompson, at whose house the cere- mony was performed, August 14. 1855, by J. B. Smith. Etta Gay- lord. aged two years, died in 1858, the first death in the township. Rev. John Watson held religious services in the house of Nelson B. Gaylord as early as the summer of 1856. Delia Eggleston taught a school in the room of her father’s house in 1857, this being the first school in that section of the country. N. B. Gaylord, in 1858, having a good water power, put in operation a large hand coffee mill, and ground for himself and neighbors flour, meal and other articles. Having used up two coffee mills, he next procured a small burr millstone, and kept gradually improving his primitive enterprise until he launched out into a full-grown mill, with two run of stone, and a capacity of 120 bushels of wheat per day. The Belvidere mill finally took rank among the good mills of the county. A cozy log church was built by the German Methodists near Gaylord’s mill in 1862, at a cost of $300. This society now has a large frame church. In 1865 the Catholics erected a good frame church in the southern part of the town. The Norwegian Luther- ans built a large church in the western part of the town in 1867. 148 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY A German Lutheran church in the eastern part of the town was built in 1872. Another Methodist church was also erected. The first town board appointed by the county board was as follows: Supervisors, Mason 0. Eggleston (chairman), William Thomas, G. 1). Post; town clerk, Hubert Eggleston; assessor, B. F. Chase ; tax collector, J. S. Thompson ; justice of the peace, Marcus Eggleston ; constables, James Lane and George Gay. At a meeting held July 5, 1858, in the town of York, composed of township No. Ill north, of range 14 and 15, including what are now Belvidere and Goodhue, at the house of Peter Easterly, the following officers were elected: Supervisors, Cyrus Couch (chair- man), G. D. Post, Henry Danielson; town clerk, Oliver Knutson; assessor, B. F. Chase ; justices, Peter Easterly, J. AY. Finch ; con- stables, James Lane, FI. B. Patterson ; overseer of the poor, Nelson Gaylord; collector, J. S. Thompson. January 21, 1859, the follow- ing named were appointed to fill vacancies : Supervisors, Syl- vester Cranson (chairman), Charles M. Lee, Ezra Bennett, town clerk, John Stowe ; justices, Hans FI. Olson, F. Cranson. The first separate town meeting of the voters in township 11, range 14 (Belvidere), Avas held April 5, 1859, and the following officers elected: Supervisors, Horace W. Twitchel (chairman), Marcus Eggleston, Mason 0. Eggleston; town clerk, Hubert Eggleston; assessor, G. D. Post; collector, J. S. Thompson; over- seer of the poor, Nelson B. Gaylord; constables, Jacob Church, George Gay; justices, Marcus FIggleston, B. R. Prince.. In the following list, the first named under each year is the chairman. I860— Supervisors, Horace AY. TAvitchell, George Gaylord, Knut Knutson ; clerk, Hubert Eggleston ; assessor, Marcus Eggleston ; treasurer and overseer of the poor, N. B. Gaylord ; justices, Mar- cus Eggleston, B. R. Prince. 1861 — Supervisors, Horace W. Twitchell, William Thomas, Maston Eggleston; clerk, Reuben Ward ; assessor, Marcus Eggleston ; treasurer and overseer of the poor, Nelson B. Gaylord; justices, Marcus Eggleston, Ben Prince. 1862 — Supervisors, J. S. Thompson, George Stace, William Perly ; clerk, Halvor Knutson ; treasurer, FI. W. Twitchel ; assessor, B. FA Chase ; justices, Peter J. IJilden, Marcus Eggleston ; constables, John C. Johnson, Frank Lane. 1863 — Supervisors, J. S. Thompson, William Perly, George Gay; clerk, Oliver Knut- son ; treasurer, H. AY. Twitchel ; assessor, Marcus Eggleston ; over- seer of the poor, J. S. Thompson ; justice, Peter J. Flilden. 1864 — Supervisors, J. S. Thompson, C. C. Roberts, Halvor Knutson ; clerk, Ruben Ward; treasurer, II. W. Twitchel; assessor, Julius Munger; constables, Caleb Reynolds, AA T illiam Thomas; justices, G. H. Gaylord, P. J. Hilden. 1865 — Supervisors, J. S. Thompson, William Thomas, Daniel Malian; clerk, Oliver, or Halvor, Knut- son ; assessor, George Stace ; treasurer, H. AY. Twitchel ; justices, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 149 Marcus Eggleston, John Alley; constables, Ole Knutson, John Lucham. 1866 — Supervisors, J. S. Thompson, William Thomas, John Lucham; clerk, A. AY. Fountain; treasurer, IT. W. Twitchel; assessor, S. R. Ward; justices, Star Dennison, John Alley; con- stables, B. R. Prince, J. S. Thompson. 1867 — Supervisors, M. O. Eggleston (failed to qualify, and J. S. Thompson held over), AVilliam Thomas, Halvor Knutson; clerk, A. AA 7 . Fountain, treas- urer, C. C. Roberts ; assessor, Star Dennison ; justices of the peace, Marcus Eggleston, P. J. Hilden ; constables, R. AY. Dewore, J. C. Maybe. 1868 — Supervisors, John Alley, George Stace, E. North- field ; clerk, Stephen Roberts; treasurer, C. C. Roberts; justices, H. N. Eggleston, Edwin Bullard ; assessor, Star Dennison ; con- stable, Albert Pratt. 1869 — Supervisors, John Alley, Walter Brown, John C. Johnson ; clerk, Stephen Roberts ; treasurer, N. B. Gaylord ; assessor, Star Dennison ; justices, Star Dennison, II. N. Eggleston; constables, William Kinney, B. R. Prince. 1870 — All the old officers held over except John Alley, who resigned as chairman of the board of supervisors and was replaced by Mason 0. Eggleston. 1871 — Supervisors, John Alley, Peter J. Hilden, AValter Brown; clerk, B. R. Prince; treasurer, N. B. Gaylord; assessor, II. N. Eggleston; justices, John Alley, B. R. Prince; constables, William Lane, William Kinney. 1872 — Supervisors, John C. Johnson, J. S. Thompson. Stephen Redding; clerk, Peter J. Hilden; treasurer, C. C. Roberts; assessor, Walter Brown; jus- tices, Walter Brown, George Stace; constables, William Lane, S. Mageras. 1873— Supervisors, John C. Johnson, J. S. Thomp- son, S. Redding; clerk, T. J. Hilden; treasurer, N. B. Gaylord; assessor, George Stace; justices, George Stace, AA 7 alter Brown; constables, James Arden, E. Fountain. 1874 — The same board was elected; AValter Brown did not qualify, and A. AY. Fountain was named as justice of the peace in his stead. 1875 — Super- visors, William Thomas, Perry George, Martin Johnson ; clerk, T. J. Hilden; assessor, George Stace; treasurer, C. C. Roberts; justice, John C. Johnson; constable, R. Malian. 1876 — Super- visors, William Thomas, Perry George, George Stace"; clerk, Peter J. Hilden; treasurer, C. C. Roberts; assessor, John C. Johnson; justice, Stephen Redding; constable, John Mageras. 1877 — Supervisors, Perry George, Martin Johnson, John Shafer; clerk, T. J. Hilden; assessor, John C. Johnson; treasurer, N. B. Gaylord; justices, John C. Johnson, Peter Krall; constables, C. A. J. Han- son, Hubert Mageras. 1878 — Supervisors, Perry George, Stephen Redding, Olaus Johnson; clerk, P. J. Hilden; assessor (appointed), George Babbitt; treasurer, N. B. Gaylord; justices, John C. Johnson, P. Krall; constables, C. A. J. Hanson, S. Mageras. During the Civil AA 7 ar the town raised bounties to the amount 150 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY of $3,500 by private subscription, and a larger part of the adult male population enlisted. The following list of those who enlisted from this town during the war is larger than the official list, owing to the fact that some of them, though living in Belvidere, enlisted from other places. The list : Hubert Eggleston, William S. Kinney, John Arden, James Arden, Michael Corcoran, T. Erick- son. John E. Olin, James N. Wood, Peter J. Lotty, F. Snidert, R. J. Daniels, Bent E. Olin, Benjamin Chase, B. R. Prince, Walter Brown, William Parsons, John Alley, Cyrus Klingenschmidt, Ole Syverson, Timothy O’Regan, Timothy Houson, John Wayze, W. S. Williams, Svenom Hendrickson, A. C. Amundson, John Amundson, John C. Johnson, Jacob Wohlers, Peter J. Hilden, John Bomback, Fred Bomback, Joachim Holst, Jacob Holst, Claus Holst, William Buckholst, N. B. Gaylord, George Gaylord, John Arden, Thomas Booth, Peter Swetchser, William Suchhaa, Fred- erick Luchan, James T. Bowker, William Berley, Ole Nelson, John Nelson, Watson Devore, Frank Lane, Peter Wagoner, Nicolaus Lippert. R. Kolby, Andrew Baker, Ammond Larson and Samuel Church. Some of these died in the army, and others returned, to become prominent citizens of the township. At one time there was a postoffice at Thoten, in this township. BURNSIDE TOWNSHIP. Burnside lies along the Mississippi river, with Red Wing on the east, Featherstone on the south and Welch on the west. It has undergone several changes of area since its organization ; all of its territory in range 16 having been set off as Grant (later Welch) in 1864. During the same year it was increased by the addition of sections 13 and 14, in township 113, range 15, pre- viously a part of Red Wing. The surface is much broken by hill and valley, and there is a wide belt of bottomland and terraced flats along the Cannon river and the Mississippi, some of which is timbered. One of the most beautiful landscapes in the county is visable from the high point in sections 16, 17 and 18. The tim- bered region in sections 7, 8, 17 and 18 is one uniform flat sur- face of loam-covered drift. Burnside includes a large portion of an island, known as Prairie Island, on its northern border. The soil of the township, notwithstanding the irregular surface, is for the most part, rich, deep and fertile. Cannon river flows from west to east, and Spring creek through the southeastern part, both emptying into the Mississippi. Numerous springs of clear water gush forth from the base of the bluffs, affording abundant water for stock and dairy purposes. In the early days the town was known as Spring Creek, but Union was the name given by the committee which, in 1858. had Ill ST OB Y OF GOODHUE COUXTY 151 charge of designating the townships. This, at the request of the state authorities, was changed to Milton, by reason of the fact that there was another Union in the state. The same objection was urged against the name of Milton, and in 1862 the name became Burnside, the name of the general who at that time was winning fame in the early campaigns of the Civil War. In the fall of 1853 there came to this township a clergyman, who looked over the land and decided upon a suitable location for a claim. Authorities differ as to whether this clergyman was the Rev. David Wright or the Rev. Resin Spates. At any rate, the three brothers, John, Resin and Charles Spates, settled here the following summer, and during the same year Andrew Cottar, John Reason. Matthew Streetor, James Shaw. John Bronson, and with the widow of the Rev. David Wright and her family. In 1855 came John E. Eggleston, Joseph Eggleston, Willard Wood, Kingsley Wood, Rev. J. C. Johnson, Marshall Cutter, and prob- ably Leland Jones, Rev. Norris Hobart and several others. These settlers were scattered over the township, but in those early days were considered near neighbors. The Avife of DaA r id Bronson died in the spring of 1855. In July of the same year Flora Cutter (or Cora Cutler) was born, also John H. Spates. The first marriage ceremony performed was that of J. P. Enz to Mary F. Wright, in October, 1855. Another early marriage Avas that of William IT. Wright and Mary Chamberlain, in 1859, the ceremony being performed by Justin Chamberlain, a justice of the peace. The first school in the toAvn was taught by J. E. Eggleston, during the winter of 1756-57. The first sermon Avas preached by the ReA r . Resin Spates at the house of John Leason, in 1854. The Rev. Hancock relates an interesting incident of the early days: “The widoAv of Rev. David Wright, with six children, had removed from Illinois and settled on the place that, previous to his death, her husband had selected on Spring creek, near Avhere John Leason located his claim. They occupied a log house which was. divided into suitable rooms for sleeping and family use; the four boys sleeping in the two rooms of the upper floor. Avhile the tAvo girls and the mother occupied the loAver floor. They were comfortably arranged for the night of June 11, 1855, Avhen a storm of lightning and rain came on Avith such terrific peals of thunder as to awaken the family. One of the older boys Avas so much frightened that he left the bed and Avent doAvnstairs. While he Avas being told that there Avas no more danger in one place than another by his sister, Susan, a sudden crash came, which frightened everyone in the house. Mrs. Wright, the mother, Avas the first to regain consciousness. She saw the flames deA'ouring the bed Avhere lay her tAvo daughters, still unconscious. Pres- 152 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY ently the water came down through the floor above in such profusion as to quench the fire. Soon one of the boys came down- stairs drenched with rain, bringing' in his arms the youngest boy, Wilson, dead. The same stroke of lightning had killed one of the girls, who were in the bed on the lower floor, immediately under that of the boys ’ in the chamber. The boys in time had become conscious, and these three— William, Beverly and James — with their mother, laid the boy, Wilson, by the side of his two sisters, Mary and Susan, and began chafing them, in order to restore them, if possible, to consciousness. After some time, Mary, who later became Mrs. Enz, of Red Wing, was restored to health, but Wilson, aged six years, and Susan, a young lady of twenty-one years, had been instantly summoned to the world above during that terrible storm.” In the month of June, 1856, a terrific storm of wind passed over the town, doing great damage to the growing crops and destroying buildings. One or two lives were lost. Matthew Streetor was at Justin Chamberlain’s when the storm came up. Mrs. Chamberlain, seeing the storm approaching, ran to the cellar, and called to Streetor to follow her, but being old and feeble, he failed to reach safety, and was taken up with the house, being so badly injured that he died a day or two after. The same storm overtook Sheriff Chandler, who was on his way home with his horse and carriage, but seeing its approach, he sprang from the carriage and threw himself flat on the ground, and the storm passed over without doing him injury. After the tornado had passed Mr. Chandler looked for his horse, but could not find him. However, after diligent search in the direction the storm had taken, the horse and carriage was found about a mile from where he left them, lodged among the tops of some small trees. A flouring mill was built in the south part of the town, on Spring creek, by Stearns & Hobart, in the year 1856. This mill was carried away by a freshet in June, the following year. It was rebuilt soon after by the Hon. W. W. Phelps, with three run of stone and a capacity for grinding 65,000 bushels annually, Mr. Phelps operated this mill with success for a time, and after- ward sold it to William Featherstone, who in turn sold it to M. Herschler. An early history says : ‘ ‘ The first Methodist service held in the township was by the Rev. G. W. T. Wright, at the house of his mother, Mrs. Amelia Wright, in May, 1855. The persons that formed the class at that time were Resin Spates, Margaret Spates, Justin Chamberlain, Maria Chamberlain, John Reason, Mary Reason, Amelia Wright, Mary F. Wright, James A. Wright, William H. Wright, Beverly M. Wright, Samuel F. Hardy and Mary Hardy.” HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 153 ; At the first election, held in 1858, there were fifteen voters : John Thomas, Justin Chamberlain, J. G. Johnson, John Leason, B. IT. Munroe, S. B. Harding, W. S. Grow, John Sterns, M. Streetor, Charles Spates, A. O. Moore, J. Eggleston, Thomas Leason, William Thompson, Seth Barber and John Quinnell. Among the early supervisors were W. S. Grow, Timothy Jewett, Leland Jones (four terms), J. G. Johnson, A. Coons, R. H. Knox, Q. Bunch (two terms), L. Jones. Among the early town clerks were J. G. Johnson, Leland Jones, Norris Hobart, S. Barber, T. J. Leason (two terms), Leland Jones (two terms), William IT. Ben- nett, Leland Jones, John Leason, J. G. Johnson. The contribution of Burnside, including what is now Welch, to the Civil War was as follows: Joseph S. Abels, William Brown. Lewis Cannon, Harlan P. Eggleston, Ira Eggleston, John S. Hobart, Robert W. Leason, James A. Leason, Thomas J. Leason, John P. Leason, Charles B. Noble, Lewis Quinnell, Thomas Quinnell, John Richards, James Shaw, Ira Tillotson, James A. Wright, William H. Wright, John Williams, Edward Coder, Nathaniel Brown, Augustus C. Baker, Dennis O’Loughlin and Orrin A. Phelps. To Rev. J. C. Johnson is accredited the following narrative : “I built a claim house, 16x20, in the town now called Burnside,, commencing it in January, .1855, and moving into it in the follow- ing August. I found out that naked nature needed more clothing than a newborn child — first a hen-roost, then a pigsty, a stable, stock-yard, corn-yard, a forty-acre pasture, one hundred acres encircled with a wooden fence, breaking costing five dollars per acre ; school houses to be built, cemeteries laid out and enclosed, bridges everywhere to be built, highways surveyed and worked. The winter of 1855-56 was a rough one. As a member of the Minnesota Methodist Episcopal conference, I was trying to sup- ply the work of preaching at a point five miles above Hastings in the forenoon, at Hastings at 2 P. M., and at Ravenna, seven miles below, at ‘candle light.’ Late in the fall, one of the darkest and most stormy nights known to men, overtook me on the open prairie below Hastings. The only way to find the path and keep it was to feel it out with the feet. After a Avliile a distant light appeared in view, and, thoroughly drenched, I soon found shelter in a small house occupied by two families. But the poor pony had no shelter and scant food. “One Monday morning of that winter, in trying to get home from my appointment, a blizzard commenced raging. Scarcely any travel on the road except one stage through. About forty degrees below zero of cold came on. The wife and two. little children at home alone, neighbors few and far between, stern Necessity says, ‘You must get home,’ but that open, bleak prairie HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 154 in the town of Welch, then unoccupied, was a precarious place for night to close in upon a wayfaring man with a dubious track to follow. Yet, at about 9 o’clock in the evening, we were all made unusually glad that the storm had been weathered and the harbor safely reached. “In the summer of 1856 I raised two acres of wheat. Thirty miles away, at Northfield, there was a mill. With a one-horse load I reached it at sundown, to find the mill full of grists and the water too low to run on full time. The only chance was to exchange a few bushels of my wheat for flour, receiving thirty pounds for each bushel. The rest of my grist I brought back as far as Cannon Falls and left to be ground without bolting. Winter soon came on, and no roads opened on my route hither. I found my wheat, which was left there, the next spring, musty. My next milling was done at Kinnickinnic, eight miles beyond Prescott, Wis., a four days’ journey, going around through Cannon Falls and Hastings. “The early settlers wanted church privileges. A meeting was held at the house of Mr. Moore, near Cannon river bridge, at Burnside. Moore had an awful poor house. He had also the inflammatory rheumatism. He lay flat on his back on the loose boards of the only floor except bare ground. The people had brought all their young dogs to the meeting. In the midst of the services the dogs became unseemly unceremonious. Moore evi- dently felt his responsibility for better order, and, rising with difficulty, in apparent wrath, he took his own dog by the neck, dragged him to the door, and, with a toss and a kick, sent him yelping out. At that all the dogs rushed out in sympathy, and the man took his lowly place again. All reverence and devotion fled, and appointment was not renewed at that place. “We had frequent visits from the Sioux Indians, who often killed deer in the neighborhood. On one occasion three of these animals were shot by an Indian without moving from his secluded position. This occurred near where T. J. Bryan’s house now stands. Our women, although alone generally through the day, were not disturbed in those early days by the visits of the redmen. ” ’I’lie poorfarm, an institution of which the county lias reason to be proud, is located in this township, under the charge of a superintendent appointed by the county commissioners. The farm is about three miles from Red Wing on the road to Hastings, and contains 183 acres of land. The buildings were erected in 1867 at a cost of about $6,000, The furnace, heating system and furniture cost about $4,000. The main building was accidentally destroyed by fire in the fall of 1889, and soon after rebuilt. At this farm the worthy poor of the county, mostly the very aged HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 155 and a few young children, are given shelter and food, care and attention, as wards of the county. On Prairie Island there are located a number of Indians. They have a small church of the Episcopal denomination, and have, in a measure, learned the arts of civilization. Eggleston, a small village, is located on the edge of this town- ship. CHERRY GROVE. Cherry Grove is one of the southern tier of townships in the county. It is bounded on the north by Wanamingo, on the west by Kenyon, on the south by Dodge county, and on the east by Roscoe. One complete government township, No. 109, range 17, constitutes its area, which has remained unchanged since the township act of 1858. Its surface is that of a high prairie, with low, broad, undulations of surface. The drainage is toward the north and south, from the elevated central portion. A branch of the Zumbro winds through the southern portion of the township, and along its valley are some wooded portions, although for the most part the township is under cultivation. The soil is excellent for agricultural purposes, and a specialty is made of dairy farm- ing in that vicinity, the residents being a, progressive set of peo- ple, who have adopted all the latest methods in agricultural operations. The territory comprised in the township remained practically an unbroken wilderness until 1854, when, in the spring of that year, Madison Brown located a claim on section 31. In the fall of the following year, however, he sold his claim to Silas Mer- riman, and went to Iowa. Of his subsequent career nothing is to be learned, although it is supposed that he was killed in the Civil War. In the fall of 1854, Reading and Benjamin Woodward selected claims adjoining that of Brown. Benjamin soon after went to Iowa, where he died, while Reading remained as a perma- nent settler. In the following year came Silas Merriman, already mentioned, Samuel and William Shields, Joseph Seymour, AVilson Kelsey, Thomas Haggard, and John and Charles Lent. In the spring following came E. G. Comstock, Israel T. and Taft Corn- stock, Samuel Winston, John Nichols, J. A. Ray and others. It will be noted that the majority of the settlers were eastern people, and a number of their descendants still maintain the New England and New York traditions of their ancestors. These settlers, in the earliest days, were made the subject of consider- able annoyance. Marauding bands of ruffians created acute apprehension, and the choicest claims were constantly being jumped. In the winter of 1855-56 a claim meeting was called and an organization effected for the protection of the settlers. 156 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY T. B. Haggard was appointed captain. This force was soon after called together to protect the settlers, which they' did so effect- ively that thereafter the residents were allowed to pursue their various callings in peace. The setlement iu the northern part of the township was started in 1856, when Darius Johnson made a claim on section 6. He was followed by Payington Root, and soon after by many others, mostly pioneers from Norway. In 1857 a village was platted in the southern part of the town and called Fairpoint. The proprietors were Thomas Haggard and a man named Beckwith. In 1863 several buildings were erected in this village. A postoffice was established there in 1858. Silas Merriam was the postmaster. Owing to the small amount of mail received, this office was discontinued in 1861. Some years later it was re-established and Herman Eastman named as postmaster. In 1867 Herman Eastman and E. B. Jewitt opened a store in the village, and a year later David Haggard was appointed postmaster. A log cabin schoolhouse was built in 1857, at the edge of a cherry grove in the central part of the township, and the first school session was taught by E. G. Comstock that winter. In 1861 a stone schoolhouse was erected on the site of this old log structure. The first church organization was effected in 1856, when the Christian Disciples met at the home of James Haggard and listened to a sermon by David Haggard. The first service by a regularly ordained clergyman was by the Rev. J. M. Gates at his own residence in the spring of 1857. The first marriage in the township was between Elizabeth, daughter of T. B. Hag- gard, and John Hart, in August, 1857. The first death was that of Eliza Jane, daughter of T. B. Haggard, December 16, 1857. The first town meeting was held May 11, 1858, at which time officers were elected as follows: Supervisors, Benjamin AYood- ward (chairman), Cyrus H. Burt and David Simpson; town clerk, E. G. Comstock; assessor, Francis A. Crebb ; constables, James Haggard and Peter Stagle ; justices of the peace, John Haggard and F. A. Crebb ; road overseers, Israel T. Comstock and Reading Woodward. James Haggard was appointed collector in May, 1858. There being a tie vote, no supervisor of the poor was elected. The official list of the men who enlisted from this township during the Civil War is as follows: F. PI. Bullock, William Catlin, Jr., Ryal Gatlin, Alva K. Eastman, Edward Hudson, Jesse T. Hamlin, Rufus Hart, Me. D. Willoughby, Orville Ames, Dan- fortli W. Cook, Theodorick Drum, William Forsyth, Thomas E. Gillett, Thomas B. Haggard, George Hanlden, Simeon Steemer, Uriah Hopkins, Francis E. Presley, Jonathan Dibble, Alvin Davis. Abram Doner, Hans Jordt, Ferris Johnson, Charles C. Lent, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 157 Henry Nesson, Henry O’Kane, Hiram E. Perkins, AVilliam Perkins, Herman A. Perkins, Leander Root, Captain A. N. See, Daniel C'. Smith, Clymen Sherwood, Terence Thompson, Terence Thompson 2nd, Lyman T. Ward, William F. 'Ward, John Wood- bury, B. C. Wait, James Haggard, James Holloran, Hiram Leach, Washington Roster, Frederick Robolim, G. H. Alayheigh, Benton Merse, James Scurry, Isaac Wilmer, Martin Whalton, Henry Kuhns, Christ Phillips, Peter L. Slagle, Charles D. Ward, Her- bert Drake, John Lloyd, Charles Lloyd, Davis Johnson, Alexander McKinley, Lyman Sackett, Stephen Van Gilder, William William- son, Card Burfrind, A. C. Bennett, Nelson Gaylord, Charles Hick- man, George Johnson, Gottlieb Persig, Orville Rogers, James E. Smith, A. D. Thayer, Thomas Thompson, Frederick AYalters, Frank Yager. Cherry Grove has four large and commodious churches — one Catholic, one German Lutheran and one Norwegian Lutheran. There have been postoffices at Ayr. Fairpoint and Spring Creek. CENTRAL POINT. Central Point, the most easterly as well as the smallest of Goodhue county townships, lies in a bend in Lake Pepin directly above Lake City. It contains one complete section and several fractional ones and is bounded on the north and east by the lake, south by Lake City in Wabasha county, and west by Florence. Its surface is broken. An isolated bluff; rises in the eastern part, and its peculiar shape has w T on the name of Sugar Loaf. A point of land extending some distance into the lake about midway between the head and foot of same gives the town its name. By reason of its excellent landing place and its position midway in the lake, there were many early dreams of its future greatness as a shipping point. Charles Gould settled near here in about 1850. In 1853 a Air. Gridley made a claim to some land. Lie was followed by R. L. Phillips, H. L. Barrett and Hannibal Bonnell. Soon quite a flourishing neighborhood gathered about the landing, and in 1855 a village plat was surveyed and specu- lation in village lots for a time became quite lively. Silas Crop built a store and stocked it with general merchandise. Air. Feary built a hotel, which was opened by E. S. Harrison. A postoffice was established and Perry D. Martin was appointed postmaster.' In 1856 C. W. and E. Hackett built another store, which was also filled with general merchandise. Charles Aloe built a steam sawmill and commenced the manufacture of lumber. At this time Central Point was the only steamboat landing in the vicinity, and for a period it seemed designed to become a lumbering center, where would be sawed the logs floated down HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 158 the lake in rafts from points on the Mississippi and the St. Croix. But it was soon found that Lake City afforded a much better landing, and as a result business was drawn away from Central Point and toward Lake City. However, in 1857 Lewis & Scott built another sawmill, which was conducted for a time by Frank Sterrit and afterward bought and conducted by S. S. and G. II. Grannis. The manufacture of sorghum syrup in later years became an important industry. The first school was taught in 1858. In 1873 a very fine and commodious school building was erected. The first house built in the town was a log cabin con- structed by II. L. Barrett. In this house the Rev. M. Sorin con- ducted the first, religious service held in the township. The first death was that of an infant child of C. AY. Hackett, in 1856. Of the first marriage no record has been. left. It is also impos- sible to learn of the first town officers, as the early records were destroyed by mice some years ago, before any transcription was made of the important facts. The contribution from Central Point to the ranks of the Union army would seem almost impossible were it not a matter of official record. According to these records, no less than twenty-one men enlisted from this toAvn. They Avere : AVesley F. Bailey, Dexter Chaddock, James AY. Delong. AVallace AY. Delong, John R. Graham, Ambrose Gardiner, John Gardiner, George Harrison. Edward B. Hawkins, Marcus Hills, Baker Har- rison, Clarence Hubbard, Charles Lathan, Adjutant Perry D. Martin, Levi M. Phillips, John L. Rice, Charles H. Sibley, George AYeaver, George S. Harrison, John S. Harrison and Co- lumbus Phillips. John G. AVooley, the famous temperance orator, started a home for drunkards in 1891, and several substantial buildings Avere erected, but the enterprise Avas aftenvard abandoned. CHAPTER XIII. CANNON FALLS. First Settlement — Platting the Village — Village and City Incor- porated — Water Power and Mills — Fraternities — Hotels — Newspaper — Modern Cannon Falls — Industries — Business Houses — Schools — Commercial Club— Banks— Cannon Falls Township — Early History — Veterans of the War. Cannon Falls, now a city, has a historic past and a promising future, together with a prosperous present. Its early history is closely associated with that of Red Wing, the names of Sweney, Colvill, McGinnis and Freeborn being prominent in both places. The following article has been prepared with the assistance of John C. Applegate, editor of the Cannon Falls “Beacon,” who has edited the early history and written the story of the modern growth and development of the city and its various interests. In 1855 William Freeborn built a log cabin on the east bank of the Little Cannon river, near the falls, on mill block No. 3. This was the beginning of the present prosperous city of Cannon Falls. Richard Elton built the first store the same year, on block 36, and Eli Ellsworth, the first merchant, kept his goods in that building. The first physician was J. E. Tibbitts, the first lawyer was R. W. Hamilton, and the first resident minister of the gospel was Rev. J. R. Barnes. Where a portion of the city now stands, James McGinnis pre- empted lots 1. 2, 5 and 6, section 18, in November, 1851. March, 1855, Warren Hunt took a claim, northeast quarter of section 18, adjoining McGinnis on the east. The same spring Richard Free- born, Jr., pre-empted lots 3 and 4, section 18, west of the Mc- Ginnis claim. In May, 1855, William Colvill pre-empted lots 7, 8 and 9, section 18, south of the McGinnis claim. Benjamin St. Clair took lots 7. 8 and 12, section 7. north of the McGinnis claim, the same spring. June, 1855, William P. Scofield pre- empted lots 9, 10 and 11, section 7. northwest from the McGinnis claim. The same month. Hugh Montgomery took the southeast quarter of section 18. east of the McGinnis claim. June, 1855, Frank Clark entered lots 10 and 11. section 18, south of the 359 160 PI1 STORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Colvill claim. William B. Barton pre-empted the southeast quar- ter of section 7, northeast of the McGinnis claim in the fall of 1855. The village proper was laid out August 27, 1855, by Richard and William Freeborn, on section 18, including a portion of the claims of McGinnis, Richard Freeborn and William Colvill. It was surveyed and platted by S. A. Hart, county surveyor. About October 16, 1856, the Cannon Falls city addition was platted. This included all the Hunt and Barton claims. The Cannon Falls •central addition was made December 13, 1856, including a part of the Richard Freeborn claim. Point Lookout addition was made in the fall of 1856 and included a part of the Montgomery claim. Cannon Falls Company’s addition was made May 18, 1858, and included a part of the AYilliam P. Scofield claim. St. •Charles Terre Haute addition was made soon after, including a part of the St. Clair claim. Ellsworth and Tanner’s addition followed immediately and included a part of the Scofield claim. The village was incorporated March 10, 1857. The first elec- tion was held the first Wednesday in May, 1857. The first officers elected under the charter were: Charles Parks, president; Will- iam Tanner, recorder ; J. E. Chapman, Thomas Baker and George McKenzie, councilmen. Charles Parks built a log hotel, sixteen by twenty-four, in the fall of 1854, which was named the Falls House. This was sold in April, 1855, to Andrew Durand, who built an addition of the same dimensions and kept the house for three years. The village of Cannon Falls was reincorporated as a city in February, 1905, with a population of 1,460. The present officers are: Mayor, F. B. Seager; aldermen, John Kilroy, 0. FI. Doebler, George Y. Williams, E. J. Holmes and G. A. Widholm. The water power furnished in such abundant measure by the falls in the river at this point, naturally attracted those who had money to invest in mills in the early days. The water power is still abundant, and has never been utilized to its full capacity. The great falls are on the main river a little west of the village, having in the distance of a few rods a perpendicular descent of about twenty feet. The falls on the Little Cannon, where the stone mill stands, are twenty-five feet. Another fall, just beloAV the junction, is fifteen feet. At this fall the first flouring mill in the township was built by R, C. Knox, in 1867, the exact location being block 51, in Cannon Falls city addition. It was a frame structure, forty-five by fifty, containing four run of stone. The entire building, when completed, cost $14,000, with a capacity of 100,000 bushels of wheat per annum. It was carried away by the flood of June. 1867, and during that same year was rebuilt by Mrs. Cornelia HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 161 Grosvener. The re-erected building was fifty by sixty, four sto- ries, and contained eight run of stone, five for wheat and three for middlings. The Little Cannon mill is a stone structure, two stories above the basement, fifty by seventy, built in 1857. It was not used until 1861, when machinery for the manufacture of woolen goods was put in. It was operated as a woolen mill until 1875, when it was converted into a grist mill, with four run of stone for wheat and two for feed. This was known for years as the Thomp- son mill. It is now the New Cannon Plansifter mill. The Goodhue Mills are situated on the Big Cannon, about a half a mile above its junction with the Little Cannon. The dam gives a fall of fifteen feet and with an abundant supply of water at all seasons of the year. It is one of the finest water powers in the locality. The machinery is propelled by five Avater wheels —one American of ninety horsepower, and four Eclipse wheels of forty horsepower each. It has all the latest improvements and appliances in the way of machinery and fixtures for produc- ing the finest quality of flour. It is a frame structure forty-five by sixty, four stories high. The mill was erected in 1872 by Gardner & Moore, and cost $22,000. Its water power cost $8,000 extra. The brands manufactured are the Climax, Mona, Tele- phone and Paragon. The company took first premium at the Centennial of 1876, at Philadelphia. The river is spanned by a s! eel arch bridge, the dam is twelve feet high, and a new one is ODw proposed. From the earliest days the fraternal spirit in the village has been strong, and the various societies have contributed in no small degree to the educational and charitable as well as social progress of the community. Oriental Lodge No. 31, A. F. and A. M., was organized June 26, 1860, and worked under a dispensation until October 24, 1860, at which time a. charter was received. In 1861 the lodge purchased two lots on the north side of the Little Cannon river and fitted up a lodge room. The charter members were Joseph E. Chapman, John L. Armington, Stephen N. Carey, William H. Mosier, Samuel Finney and Ralph Tanner. The first officers were : John L. Armington, M. W. ; Joseph E. Chapman, S. AY. ; Stephen N. Carey, J. AAL ; William FI. Mosier, treasurer; Samuel Finney, tyler. Alleghany Lodge, No. 33, I. O. O. F., was organized January 3, 1872, by M. E. Henderson, J. AAL Newell, George McKenzie, J. AY. Neff and E. L. Clark. At the time of organization there were thirteen initiations. The first officers were : M. E. Hender- son. N. G. ; J. AY. Newell, AL G. ; E. L. Clark, secretary; G. W. NTeff, treasurer. 162 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Valley Encampment, No. 11, was organized April 3, 1873, by M. E. Henderson, Lyman K. Ayrault, Warren Gilchrist, George Manning, G. W. Neff, E. L. Clark and L. White. At the first meeting there were five initiations. The first officers were: M. E. Henderson, C. P. ; Lyman K. Ayrault, H. P. ; George Man- ning, S. W. ; Orrin Gilchrist, J. W. ; E. L. Clark, scribe ; G. W. Neff, treasurer. Mutual Lodge, No. 40, A. 0. U. W., was organized January 30, 1878. The charter members Avere S. Iligman, G. A. Follet, G. II. Cross, II. Hanson, William Smith, II. H. Manning, Myron D. Gibbs, 0. T. Jones, W. II. Scofield, C. E. Daniels, J. L. Sco- field, E. Holden and A. L. Cawley. Cannon Falls Lodge, No. 253, P. of H., had a number of mem- bers during the time of the popularity of the Grange. Prairie Flower Lodge, No. 169, I. 0. G. T., was organized in the interests of temperance, March 2, 1875, with fifteen charter members. The first officers Avere M. McKay, Ida Mallett, Adelia St.ranahan and Hattie Copeland. The Ben Socs Scandinavian Benevolent Society Avas organized August 9, 1872, Avith seventeen charter members. The officers Avere G. Westman, president; Haagen Thompson, vice president; L. Engberg, secretary ; John Mattson, treasurer; John Danielson, C. G. Rydell and P. Flygare, trustees. Other societies which have been organized in the city are McKinley Post, No. 92, G. A. R. ; Cannon Camp, No. 1540, M. W. of A.; Zion Chapter, No. 6, 0. E. S. ; Crescent Camp. No. 950, R. N. A.; Cannon Falls Council, No. 82, Samaritans; Beneficent De- gree, Samaritans; George McKinley Corps, No. 80, W. R. C., and Harmony Camp, No. 48, W. 0. W. The “taverns” of a village always have an important part in its progress, more especially in pioneer days. The tAvo earliest hotels Avere the Falls House and the Exchange House. The Falls House Avas built by Charles Parks in the fall of 1854. At that time it Avas a log house sixteen by twenty-four. The house Avas sold to Andras Durand in April, 1855, who at once built an addition as large as the original structure. In the fall of 1856 a building, thirty by forty, two stories, was erected. In the spring of 1858 it was sold to Edward J. Turner, avIio rented it. to Benjamin Van Campen for ten years. Subsequent proprietors were Colonel Williams, Sole Slosson, John English and others. September 18, 1871. D. L. DaAds took charge of the property, be having purchased it sometime previous, September 19, 1866. In the fall of 1873 Mr. Davis sold it to Peter Gravlin, who kept the house until 1875, when Mr. Davis again came into possession. Mr. Davis refitted the building, and in the spring of 1872 made an addition, fourteen by twenty-two feet. In 1890 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 163 this property came into the hands of Henry Thompson, who re- built the main part of stone and greatly improved it. The Exchange House was built in the fall of 1866 by Peter Gravlin and Christopher Benway. Benway sold his share the following spring to Charles Brown, and the house was run by Gravlin and Brown as the “New England” house. They sold out to John Williams in 1874, and he in turn to Helstrum and Riddell. David Platt bought it in June, 1875, and gave it the name of Platt House. The Cannon Falls “Beacon” is the outgrowth of the Cannon Falls “Gazette.” The “Gazette” was started by R. M. Hamline in July, 1856. After fifteen months it was purchased by Mr. Hatch, who after a year sold it to the Hoag Bros. The Hoag Bros, changed the name to Cannon Falls “Bulletin.” A year later the paper was removed to Northfield. Cannon Falls was. without a paper until June, 1871, when Mr. Bromwich started the “Echo.” This paper lived a year. August 4, 1876, John A. Leonard started the Cannon Falls “Beacon,” and continued it until July 6, 1877, when he sold out to O. T. Jones ancl.C. A. Cook. April 5, 1878, Mr. Jones purchased his partner’s inter- ests, and on May 27, 1878, sold a half interest to L. C. MeKenney. In May, 1880, S. S. Lewis bought an interest, with Jones, Mr. MeKenney having retired. Mr. Lewis conducted the “Beacon” till the summer of 1901, when he sold it to Joe Brynildsen, who, in December, 1903, sold it to the present publisher, John C. Apple- gate. The “Beacon” is Republican in politics and occupies a prominent place in the state press. Cannon Falls has probably never been more prosperous than at present. All of its industries are in operation and all labor employed at good wages, and the outlook for its continued pros- perity is most flattering. Notwithstanding the many new houses built in the city of late years, there are no vacant houses, and one of the pressing needs is a number of dwelling houses at mod- erate rental. The city is replacing the old wood and iron bridge across the Big Cannon at Third street with a new steel and con- crete structure at a cost of $10,000. The extension of the water system to residence streets has encouraged the home-making spirit, and a general tidying up and beautifying of home places has resulted. The streets in resident portions have been narrowed and bordered by boulevards and grass plots. There are practically no wooden sidewalks in the city, they having been replaced by modern cement walks, while cement street crossings are replacing the old flagstone. The principal enterprises of Cannon Falls are as follows : Hardware — II. A. Van Carnpen is the oldest dealer in implements and vehicles in the city, having been agent for the McCormick 164 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY harvesting machinery for a third of a century. 0. F. Peters is another old dealer in this class of goods, having purchased the hardware business from D. E. Yale nearly twenty-five years ago. Ritchie & Lee as a firm is comparatively new, though John Ritchie, of the firm, has been engaged in the implement and vehicle trade for a number of years. Blacksmithing — John J. Anderson, blacksmithing and machine shop; W. A. Faus, black- smithing and horse-shoeing and general repair work; Roy Dan- iels, in Ritchie’s old stand on Fourth street, is an up-to-date mechanic, and does good work in horse shoeing and general * blacksmithing. Barbers — Frank A. Barlow, John Lynn. Bazaar Five and ten cent store, Skog Bros., proprietors. Canning in- dustry — The Cannon Valley Canning Company, canners of sweet coin; president, E. B. Seager; secretary, S. Kraft; superintend- ent, F. A. Agnew; organized in the spring of 1904. Creamery — Wastedo Creamery Company; manager, F. S. Stone. This con- cern came to Cannon Falls from Wastedo two years ago and has built up a successful business. Cheese— Cannon Falls Co-opera- tive cheese factory; George I. Valentine, president; does a flour- ishing business and its product ranks with the best in the state. Clothing — Regent Clothing House, John A. Ohnstad, proprietor, carries a full line of clothing and gentlemen’s furnishings. Dry g’oods — The Cannon Falls Dry Goods Company ■ J. L. Erickson, president ; F. C. Carlson, manager, is the largest store of its kind outside the county seat, handling a very large and complete line of dry goods, shoes and groceries. Meger & Johns have done business in Cannon Falls for nearly twenty years and carry a large and well selected line of dry goods and clothing. Harry Freeman, general dry goods and furnishings. Drug stores — Sco- field Bros., James L. and F. W. Scofield. This is the oldest drug house in the county and has done a successful business in drugs, wall paper and jewelry, for forty-one years. George V. "Williams carries a full line of drugs, wall paper, jewelry and fancy articles, and is doing a good business. Dray line — City dray, Emil, pro- prietor. Dentists — Lewis L. Conley, 1). D. S. ; 0. E. Doety, D. D. S. Elevators — Cannon Falls Farmers’ Elevator Company; F. I. Ilolinson, president; Nels Mattson, secretary; F. R. Anderson, manager, is a vigorous institution of great value to the local market. Charles M. Most, grain elevators, Jonas W. Holmes, manager. Express — Wells Fargo Express Company, A. L. Clif- ford, agent. Electric service — Cannon Falls Electric Service Com- pany, L. F. Blinco, superintendent, has a very complete and modern plant and gives first-class service. Furniture — C. Daniel- son Furniture Company, Charles Danielson, manager, is an up- to-date concern carrying a large stock and doing a large business. Has branches at Goodhue and Zumbrota. Fur factory — C. 0. Bye, proprietor of the old reliable tannery and fur factory, situ- HISTORY OR GOODHUE COUNTY 165 ated on the north side, is well equipped and does a prosperous business. Groceries — Cannon Falls dry goods and city grocery; Magnus Olson, proprietor ; Frank A. Lundberg, manager. Falck Bros., Ole E. Falck and John E. Falck; established 1891. Lund- quist’s grocery and feed store, Charles 0. Lundquist, proprietor. Westman’s grocery, C. J. AYestman, proprietor. North Star- grocery ; N. C. Olson, proprietor ; Carl Olson, manager ; estab- lished 1886. Hardware — 0. F. Peters carries a full line of builders’ hardware, cutlery, stoves, household utensils, agricul- tural implements and vehicles, and does a large business. J. H. Carlson Hardware Company, John H. Carlson, manager. This firm carries a complete line of hardware and house furnishings and is building up a large and paying business. Harness — Hjal- mar Olson succeeded to the business of J. A. Eld oft’ some years ago and has built up a prosperous business in this line. Frank Schurch is one of the oldest dealers in harness and horse sup- plies in the county and is doing a prosperous business. Hotels — The Falls House, a commercial hotel. William C. Carroll, pro- prietor ; the Platt House, Willis II. Platt, proprietor. Ice — Tan- ner & Seager Ice ; also proprietors of the Cannon Falls Nursery. Jewelry — Scofield Bros.. Caspar Waif ahot, manager; George AC Williams, John Seagren, manager; Albert Lagerstrom. Livery — Riverside livery, Frank B. Lucking, proprietor ; City livery, Reis- ner & Sehickling. Lumber — Ballard Trimble Lumber Company, F. R. Hall, manager; North Star Lumber Company, E. E. Lee, manager. Lawyers — Peter S. Aslakson, Charles P. Hall, Thor R. Johnson, AVillis AY. AYoodruff, George E. AYilson. Lands — Emil J. Holmes, lands and city property. Monuments — Lars C. Lockrem. Meat markets — Bremer Bros., George Bremer, Fred Bremer, established 1892; Dibble Bros., Richard Dibble and Dan S. Dibble, established 1889. Millinery — Mrs. Carrie Tanner. Airs. Gertrude Ohnstad. Mills — Goodhue mill, operated by the Can- non Valley Alilling Company, a Alinneapolis concern; James C. Boynton, local manager. Cannon Falls Milling Company, T. L. Beiseter, president. New Cannon Plansifter Mill, Paul AY. Rothe, manager. This is the old stone mill on the Little Cannon, for many years known as the Thompson mill. Air. Rothe is very suc- cessful in its management. Newspapers — The “Beacon,” John C. Applegate, proprietor; founded in 1876. The “Beacon” under its present management was the leader in the movement for railroad regulation in the state, and was recognized throughout the northwest as an authority on the railroad question. The re- sult of this movement was radical reforms in transportation methods, and reductions in freight and passenger charges, sav- ing millions every year to the business and farming interest of the state. The “Ledger,” a weekly, published by S. S. LeAvis. 1 6 G HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Postoffice — Peter A. Peterson, postmaster; Ella M. Johnson, assistant postmaster ; Hacler F. Wal'ander, clerk. Rural carriers : John A. Anderson. August M. Johnston, Oscar E. Olson. Harry F. Iline. John A. Lundberg, John A. Johnson, Alfred G. Swanson and Edwin Larson. Shoes — Andrew J. ITagg has been selling boots and shoes to the people of Cannon Falls and vicinity for thirty-two years, and success has rewarded his industry and honorable business methods. Samuel Kraft, business established 1888; carries a very complete line of shoes and gentlemen’s fur- nishing goods. Sorghum mill — Carlson & Wohlander, located on west side, a new and modern mill. Telephone exchange — Cannon Falls Telephone Company, established 1901. President, Charles L. Scofield ; secretary, J. L. Scofield ; treasurer, F. AY. Scofield, who is also manager, lias northwestern long distance connec- tion and a local and rural service of 1,200 subscribers. Tailors — Johnson & Swanson : John Johnson, John Swanson. These two men have been in business together in this' city for thirty-five years and enjoy a well earned reputation for good workmanship. Charles G. AVahlberg, a first class workman in his line. Veteri- narian — Albert J. O’Hara, V. S. Well drillers — Hartrey Bros., James Hartrey and Edward Hartrey. Martin Holland. Physi- cians — A. T. < Ymley, AI. D. ; II. E. Conley, AI. D. ; Peter H. Cremer, AI. I).; Alartin L. Golberg, M. D. ; A. P. AYoodward. Photog- raphers — The Clifford Studio, Paul Engstrom, artist and manager. Restaurants — lohnston & Lorenson, J. Sigf'ricl Johnson and J. Edwin Lorenson. Henry J. Ivulker. Railroads — Chicago, Mil- waukee & St. Paul, Frank P. Afurphy, agent; Chicago Great Western. Charles B. Tompkins, agent. Public Schools. Board of education : C. AY Gress, presi- dent; P. S. Aslakson. secretary since 1890; P. N. Allen, treasurer; Dr. A. T. Conley, F. R. Johnson, S. K. Kraft. Faculty: S. M. Pinney, superintendent; Emma Williamson, principal of high school; Thomas S. Armstrong, science and manual training; Lu- cretia L. Lewis, assistant principal of high school; Agnes Swan- son, eighth grade; Lillian Lindstrom, seventh grade; Jennie Sea- son, sixth grade; Hattie Helmbrecht, fifth grade; Ida Anderson, fourth grade; Alice Richardson, third grade; Anna Helmbrecht, primary; Stella A. Reely, music and assistant in high school. Enrollment: High school, 87; grades, 281; total, 371. The school building is a handsome stone structure of modern build, well arranged, steam heated, well ventilated and equipped with library, laboratory and manual training department. The Cannon Falls Commercial Club has been a moving force in the city since its organization some eight years ago. Its offi- cers are: President, F. B. Seager; secretary, C. P. Hall. The Citizens’ State Bank, of Cannon Falls, was organized in HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 167 1878, as the First National Bank of Cannon Falls, the incorpora- tors being L. S. Follett and Stephen Gardner, of Hastings. In 1881 the name was changed to Citizens’ Bank of Cannon Falls, L. S. Follett, banker. In 1886 Mr. Follett sold the bank to Hiram A. Seriver. In 1893, C. AY. Gress, of Northfield, purchased an interest with Mr. Seriver; and the firm became the Citizens’ Bank of Cannon Falls — Seriver & Gress, bankers. In 1905 the busi- ness was incorporated as the Citizens’ State Bank of Cannon .Falls, Hiram A. Seriver, president; Cliff AY. Gress, cashier. Pres- ent condition : Capital, $30,000 ; surplus, $30,000 ; deposits, $547,792; cash on hand $109,000. The Farmers’ and Merchants' National Bank, of Cannon Falls, was organized June, 1903. Its officers are : President. T. L. Baiseker; vice president, J. L. Erickson; second vice president, Henry Thompson; cashier. Edward .Mattson ; assistant cashier, M. N. Gergen; teller, F. O. Freeberg. Capital stock paid in, $25,000: surplus .fund, $3,000; assets, $280,000. Cannon Falls Township received its name from the Big Can- non river, and its branch, the Little Cannon, whose sudden change of level forms a falls in the western part of the township, at the point where the city of Cannon Falls is now located. The Big- Cannon flows through the northern part of the township, from west to east, and its valley is marked by many changes in topog- raphy. The outer bluffs of the river are frequently more than a mile apart and over two hundred feet above the water in the river. In this valley are broad terraces and beautiful farms, and in addition to this the township has considerable timber. Along some of the valleys there is a sandy lightness to the soil, which has the effect of making the roads rather poor at some seasons of the year. For agricultural purposes, however, the soil is excellent and larg-e crops are raised, although dairying is an important industry. The river bottom, from one-half to a mile in width, has a gravelly soil. It is probable that Dr. AY. AY. Sweney and Richard and AAGll- iam Freeborn, ivho made the trip afoot from Red AVing, were the first white men to behold the falls. The first settler was Edway Stoughton, who came early in 1854. Others were Charles Parks, who settled at the falls, and Janies H. Payton and James McGinnis. Airs. Charles Parks was the first -white woman at the Falls. The first death in the township wax in August, 1855, when an infant son of David AIcKune passed to the Great Beyond. The first child was Ellen Hartry, now Airs. Ellen French, of Dennison, born in October, 1855. The first marriage was that of Robert Fotherby and Sarah Strange, who were united before Charles Parks, justice of the peace. E. L. Clark taught the first 168 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY school in 1856-57, the sessions being held in a building which he had erected for .the purpose, principally of basswood logs; and which, for this reason, he named Basswood Seminary. This build- ing was also used for a house of worship, on Sabbath days for some time thereafter. Cannon Falls township is bounded on the north by Dakota county, on the west by Dakota county and Stanton, on the south by Leon, and on the east by Yasa. It comprises one entire gov- ernment township, No. 112, range 17, and its area has remained unchanged since the township act of 1858. Among the early supervisors of the township were: William Barton, W. P. Scofield, Lewis Engberg, J. D. Wheat, Abram Mal- let, D. II. Knox, George West, J. D. Jennings, H. A. Tanner, D. L. Davis, F. Pentz, C. AY. Gillet, James McGinnis, E. E. Chase, AY. P. Tanner and G. Slocum. The first town clerks were : J. T. Moss, Eli Ellsworth, George L. Baker, W. H. Scofield, J. D. Jen- nings, A. J. Phelps, John Jennings, Frank Slocum. W. P. Tanner served as town treasurer for eleven years, and Atas then followed by Frank Slocum. The early justices of the peace Avere J. A. Wilson, Park Tucker, G. Westman, W. II. Scofield and AY. P. Tanner. The first constables Avere James II. Peyton, E. H. Klock, George McKenzie, E. R. Steel and George Kinder. Those who enlisted in the Civil War from Cannon Falls Avere as follows : Marion Abbott, Charles J. Anderson, Thomas H. Baker, John Boss, Captain George L. Baker, E. E. Chase, E. L. Clark, Daniel E. Cadwell, George W. Doud, Peter Engberg, Jona- than Flynn, ’Lieutenant William D. Llale, Henry Hamilton, Nels B. Johnson, Luther M. Knox, James M. Knox, Charles Ivloek, Olof Larson, Peter Lindberg, George Lewis. William Morrell, George AY. Neff, James LI. Payton, William 0. Stranahan, Mathew AYillson, Albert G. Leach, Charles M. Scofield, Marvin Cary, John Hoffstatter. Harlow VanVleit, Captain Ara Barton, George Cook, Samuel Dilly, Samuel Hullett, William Hullett, John J. Hartig, James F. Kelley, Stephen A. Penny, Jacob Rhodes, David Val- entine, Joseph Blum, James A. Wright, Austin Demming, Cor- nelius Crown, Thomas Jennings, Lester Bancroft, George Park, Edward Klock, Nels Lindenholm, Matts Peterson, Cyrus Van ATiet, James L. Scofield, Luther Scofield. The present officials of the township are : Elof Johnson, chairman; Edward Lano and Martin Chelson, supervisors; Emil Bloomberg, clerk; Olaf Ilaine, treasurer; Loins Rapp, assessor. CHAPTER XIV. TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGES. Featherstone — Florence — Frontenac — Goodhue Township and Village — Advantages and Growth — Holden — Kenyon Town- ship and Village — Modern Progress — Leon — Minneola. Featherstone comprises one entire government township. No. 112 north, range 17 west, and tips remained unchanged since the tOAvnsliip act of 1858. It has no villages, its trading and ship- ping point being Red Wing, which is its near neighbor. Burnside, also, as well as Red Wing, borders it on the north, Hay creek on the east, Goodhue on the south and Vasa on the west. It is crossed by the Great Western railroad, the line through this township having originally been the Duluth & Red Wing. The township is intersected by the Hay creek valley on the east and by Spring creek valley on the west. These valleys are deep and wide, but their slopes are almost uniformly turfed, while between the bluffs that enclose them are some of the finest farms in the state, in a rich, deep loam. The higher farms on the uplands between the valleys are based on a yellowish loam for sub-soil, and are fertile and reliable for the usual crops. Some of them are sightly and command very picturesque landscapes, extending over the valleys with which the township is nearly surrounded. The surface is from undulating to rolling. Beau- tiful residences, surrounded with groves, from which stretch rich and highly cultivated farms, prevail through the township. The earliest settlers, who had come from countries wooded and watered, were not familiar with the advantages of prairie land, and consequently Featherstone was not settled until settlements of considerable size had sprung up in some of the other localities * in the county. The township was named from William Featherstone and his extensive family, who came here with a number of farm hands to assist him in breaking the land, in 1856. He was not, however, the actual first settler, as in 1855 John Spencer, Philip Storkel and the Messrs. Goldsmith and Coleman had staked out claims and started to cultivate the land. Other early settlers were 169 170 I-IISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY William Freyberger, George Featherstone, J. Meacham and Rev. John Watson. William Featherstone, in relating some incidents of the early days, not many years ago, said that he broke a claim in 1856, but that a portion of his land had been broken the year before by others. He sowed ten bushels of fife wheat which he had brought from Canada, the first seed wheat of that kind in this section of the country. His first crop yielded but eighteen bushels to the acre. He sold what wheat he could spare for seed, broke up 170 acres more of land and sowed the next year, receiving a yield of about twenty-four bushels to the acre. The larger portion of this crop was also sold for seed. This is claimed by some writers to have been the origin of “hard wheat” in this state, but the same honor has been claimed for other localities. The first death in the township was that of a Mr. McMahon, who perished from exposure on his attempting to return from Red Wing on a cold night in January, 1857. The first marriage was that of James A. Jones and Mary Libby, daughter of William Libby, the ceremony being performed by the Rev. J. H. Han- cock. The first school was taught in the summer of 1856 by Mary Cox, in a claim shanty, the location of which later passed into the hands of Henry Featherstone. October 21, 1857, William Libby called a school meeting. F. N. Leavitt was chosen chairman and George Featherstone clerk. The first board of trustees consisted of William Freyberger, William Libby and William Watson. William Featherstone was clerk, making a board composed entirely of Williams. Although the district comprised nearly the whole township, there were but seventeen children of legal school age. The first schoolhouse was built in the winter of 1857-58 at a cost of $250. The first church service was held at the home of William Featherstone in 1856. In 1862 the Methodists built a church edifice, 26xJ0, at a cost of $1,000. Hay Creek mills, on Hay creek, were built in the early days by a German pioneer named Kotzube, who afterward sold out to Messrs. Cogelt and Betcher, of Red Wing. In 1866 Ezekiel Burleigh opened a hotel, but failing to secure a license, he closed the place, finding that the patronage was too limited to support a “dry” hotel. A list has been preserved of the voters at the first election, held July 5, 1858. They were: John Watson, F. N. Leavitt, Philip Rounds, George AYooley, William Libby, Ernest Rosa, Benjamin Jones, David Coverdale, Calvin Frizzell, John Watson, William Featherstone, Jonathan R. Perkins, Id. B. AYooley, Charles Perkins, C. Rosa, Edward McMahon, Samuel P. Snow, HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1T1 John Gennis, William Freyberger, A. D. Roberts and Joseph Friz- zell. The election resulted as follows: Supervisors, William Freyberger (chairman), S. P. Snow, Harlow Rogers; assessor, A. D. Roberts; justices of the peace, William Libby, L. Snow; constables, W. H. Featherstone, Charles Perkins ; town clerk, John Watson; collector, IT. B. Wooley; overseer of poor, William L. Watson; overseers of highways, J. R. Perkins, J. C. Arnold, George Wooley, Gotleib Buholtz, William Featherstone. Among the early chairmen of supervisors were William Frey- berger, F. N. Leavitt, William Freyberger, George Feather- stone, F. N. Leavitt (three terms), William Freyberger. The early town clerks were John Watson (two terms), A. D. Roberts, John Watson ( three terms). George Featherstone (two terms). Featherstone ’s contribution to the Civil War consisted of R. N. Aakers, George Cook, W. PI. Featherstone, Edwin A. Fessen- den, August F. Greed, Owen Gallagher, Lemuel Herbert, Charles Johnson, Francis McMahon, N. P. Malmberg, Thomas Pallas, Frank PI. Peterson, William Edson Rice, John Suiter, Samuel Smith, Benjamin J. Taylor, Harvey Van Auken, C. IT. Watson, Robert Chateriek, Robert Callihan, James Cramand, Sewell Ells- worth. Andrew J. Ellis, August L. Green, Isaac- AY. Stewart, Franklin J. Gale, Perry Gilmore, John C. Hilt, John Hallivers-, Patrick Ogo, Henry Jones, Nathan Levy, John Livingston, D. M. McDole, John A. Murray, James Nelson, William Piper, Frank Rayher, Charles Rye, William J. Skinner, John Thompson, AA 7 ill- iam Maloy, Charles W. Wixon. Frank IP. Wright, Alvin H. AA 7 alter, William Trippe, John Moore, AYatson S. Tilton, AA r alter Carter, Redden II. Everett, Anson C. Smith, Joseph R. Scpiire, Ezra Sheldon, Thomas T. Kennedy. Hiram Niell, Edward Smith, Freeman D. James, Elias C. McCrorey, Daniel H. Robinson. Tolak Oleson, John Arnold, Joseph Depp, Joseph Katthoff, Anthony Leland, Frederick Schmidt, Richard Britton, Jacob Banlig, An- drew Baker, Charles Baker, Benjamin Bevins, Thomas Carr, Thomas Hope, George E. Hanson, Albert Savage, Nelson Moriset, Ernest Pfefferle, Mathias Schabert, Horace K. Blake. At the present time agriculture is practically the only occu- pation carried on in the township. There are several fine schools, and the township is noted for the teachers and professional men who have received their boyhood education within its borders. The town has a Methodist church and a neat town hall, well suited for public gatherings. On Trout brook, in the northeast- ern part of the town large mills were once erected for the purposes of a tannery and sugar mill and were owned by J. E. Porter, but are now demolished. There was once a postoffice, Burley, in this township. 172 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY FLORENCE TOWNSHIP. Florence constitutes all of township 112, range 13, lying in Goodhue county. A portion of W acoota bounds it on the north, Lake Pepin forms its northeastern border for a distance of many miles. Central Point also lies to the east. At the south is Wabasha county, and on the west is Hay Creek. The township was organized under the general act of 1858, with its present boundaries. It was named in honor of Florence Graham, daugh- ter of Judge Chris. Graham, of Red Wing. The surface is broken and hilly, with deep valleys running westward from Lake Pepin. In sections 3 and 8 there is consider- able peat, and it is probable that this deposit in various parts of the township is much more plentiful than is generally sup- posed. The soil is fertile, well watered by Wells’ creek, Avhich, with its many tributaries, has a general course from west to east. The farmers of the township pay particular attention to stock raising and dairying, and have achieved some remark- able results along these lines. The early history is identical with that of Frontenac, and reaches back to the middle of the seventeenth century. The following is a list of the township officers in the earlier days of its organization, the first named under each date being the chair- man, the next two supervisors, and the last the clerk: 1858— L. II. Garrard, E. Z. K. Munger, L. Utley, Peter Grant. 1860 — H. F. Simmons, William Arnold, E. Z. K. Munger, Calvin Potter. 1861 — II. F. Simmons, E. Z. K. Munger, William Arnold, J. A. Owens. 1862 — E. Z. K. Munger, J. C. Bennewitz, John Wear, W. E. Lowell. 1863 — J. C. Bennewitz, S. R. Merrill, J. D. Spin- ney, AY. E. Lowell. 1864 — J. C. Bennewitz, J. D. Spinney, Rufus Dennin, W. E. Lowell. 1865 — G. Terwillinger, 0. P. Francisco, L. IT. Garrard, IJ. Lorentzen. 1866 — G. Terwilliger, 0. P. Fran- cisco, Jeptha Garrard, IT. Lorentzen. 1867 — Calvin Potter, N. C. McLean, David Walker, IT. Lorentzen. 1868 — G. Terwilliger, D. AYalker, R. Menzel, H. Lorentzen. 1869 — G. Terwilliger, D. Walker, R. Menzel, II. Lorentzen. 1870 — G. Terwilliger, R. Menzel, J. Holliday, IT. Lorentzen. 1871— Eliab Munger, E. C. Eaton, D. Walker, J. C. Bennewitz. 1872 — Eliab Munger, E. C. Eaton, John Nute, FI. Lorentzen. 1873 — John Nute, William Stroup, John Colby, II. Lorentzen. 1874 — John Nute, John Colby, D. G. IJeggie, LI. Lorentzen. 1875 — Same as previous year. 1876 — D. G. Heggie, John Sauter, IT. J. Morch, II. Lorentzen. 1877 — G. Terwilliger, John Sauter, John Colby, IT. Lorentzen. 1878 — G. Terwilliger, John Sauter, John Nute, II. Lorentzen. Those who enlisted in the Civil AYar from . Florence were: HISTORY. OF GOODHUE COUNTY 173 John Arden, Michael Ackerman, Henry Burritt, Oscar II. Free- man, Daniel AY. Floss, Cyrus IT. Gould, John Hager, Englebert Haller, Charles Hurcler, Joseph Harrison, Casper Koch, Henry M. Libby, Harry Lowell, G. A. Grandsbrand, Warren Hunt, Ephraim Harrison, Emsley Hamilton, George W. Hall, Asa Howe, Russell A. Johnson, John A. Jackson, Ira A. Lynch, John Mc- Donald, Ole Nelson, Hiram M. Powers, Franklin Kelley, Theo- dore E. Freeman, John S. Harrison, Peter Connelly, Jefferson Cates, Michael Doyle, Jonathan A. Ingham, James B. Moor- house, Wilson A. Montgomery, William Honk, Joseph E. Mabey, Horace B. Randall, Vulkert Warring, Eli N. Lewis, James Mitchell, James Owens, George Pliinney, Nicholas Schierard, Jacob Schneider, J. Iv. Smith, Joseph Tapper, Oscar Williams, P. II. Weaver, Ezra B. Andrus, Isaac Cate, Justus Chase, Asa Daily, Samuel Davis, Edwin C. Eaton, Gustav Sandberg, Jona- than Toms, Joseph C. Eldred, Charles H. McCamland, Dewitt C. Smith, Sylvester Dunsmore, Sylvester T. Bush, John R. Winchell,. Charles AVillson, Orson A. Warren, Jasper M. Woodward, Will- iam Hemter, Andrew More, Horace M. Johnson, Newton Williams,, Cornelius AY. Warring, Mead M. Milo, George AY. Colby, Charles F. Church, William A. Brack, Jomes Coffman, Jabez M. AYhitney, Judson Watson, Michael Hanley, John Johnson, Thomas Mc- Govin. William Morgan, Melvin B. Blasdell, Josiah Wood, Benja- min F. Covington. FRONTENAC. . Frontenac, rich in historic traditions, and decorated by the hand of Nature in her most lavish mood, dates its settlement back to the beginning of the eighteenth century, when the sandy point directly opposite Maiden Rock was the scene of much French activity. It is situated in the northeastern part of the town of Florence, on beautiful terraces rising from the level of Lake Pepin. Above the village rises the towering peak of Point No-Point, so called from the fact that the winding of the lake is such that the approaching traveler from down the river, after sighting the point from six or seven miles away, gets apparently no nearer to it until he reaches Frontenac and finds himself at its very base. Maiden Rock, opposite Point an Sable, has the common Indian tradition of the maiden who, forbidden to marry her lover, leaped to her death from its precipitous height. The story, told in a breezy manner in a newspaper some years ago, is pei’haps more interesting reading than the same story related in more 1 dignified language. The story alluded to is as follows: “A Dakotah maiden, Wenona, camped at the foot of the rock with her family once upon a time, as they say in the fairy tales. HISTORY OF GOODHUE- COUNTY 174 Wenona was a very beautiful maiden. Maidens who are heroines of romantic tales are always beautiful, no matter what their color may be. Of course Wenona had lovers. There was a rich old chief who had polecat skins without number, and ponies and whatever else in the way of personal .possessions that, made an Indian a desirable suitor in those days. To be sure, he was old, but that did not matter — in the eyes of Wenona ’s parents. Wenona herself had given her young heart and love to a brave and handsome warrior named Chaska, who, however, being young, had not yet had time to accumulate polecat skins, and so on. He was therefore' not at all desirable in the eyes of the parents, as is often the case with poor young lovers and prudent old folks. The maiden’s parents argued that love is an illusion, and that wealth, represented by polecats or any other commodity, is a very substantial fact, which is a very foolish thing for a maiden to ignore. So these cruel parents forbade their daughter to see the young brave any more and insisted that she marry the rich old chief with the pelts. They thought that settled the question; but a few evenings later there came floating down from the summit of the Rock, nearly a hundred feet higher, the death song of the heart-broken and faithful Wenona. When it was finished the maid leaped out and fell, a bruised and broken corpse, on the jagged rocks below, almost at the feet of her heartless parents.” James Wells, the Indian trader, and others acquainted with Indian character and ways, were asked some fifty years ago what they thought of this tradition, but all agreed that it was unlike the Indian, and that the Indians themselves put little faith in the story. Moreover, Chaska and Wenona are names signifying simply the oldest born son and daughter, respectively, and occurred in every Dakota family. Modern Frontenac had a beginning in the late forties of the nineteenth century, when the old Indian trader, James Wells, more familiarly known as “Bully” Wells. Wells sold his bujld- ing in 1854 to Everett Westervelt, and removed to Fairbault, afterward meeting with a tragic fate at the hands of the Sioux during the frontier outbreak of 1862. In October of that year Israel Garrard and Louis Garrard spent some time along the shores of Lake Pepin, and greatly prepossessed with the historic associations and beautiful scenery, concluded to secure an inter- est along the lake shore. Dr. L. H. Garrard went to Europe, where he remained two years, while General Israel Garrard, afterward one of the county’s most distinguished citizens, re- mained at the trading post with Everett Westervelt. In 1857, when the half-breed scrip was issued, Frontenac was purchased by Mr. Westervelt and Israel Garrard and divided into quarter interests, Mr. Westervelt owning one, L. H. Garrard one, Israel HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 175 Garrard one, and Kennet Garrard, then in the United States army, the other quarter. General Garrard established what was practically a baronial estate at Frontenac, naming it St. Hubert ’s lodge. For ages to come, the village of Frontenac, on the lake- side, will be inseparably connected with the names of General Israel. Dr. L. H., General Kenner and Colonel Jeptha Garrard, and with that of General McLean, the mother of the Garrards having married his father, Judge McLean. Among the guests at St. Hubert’s have been such celebrities as General Charles King, the popular novelist, and Joseph Jefferson, the great actor, as well as innumerable army officers of national note. Frontenac at the present time is a popular summer resort. The Frontenac Inn occupies a point projecting into the lake, consisting of several acres of ground. About this hotel are cottages in picturesque positions, and in the neighborhood are croquet and tennis lawns, boat houses, bathing houses and stables. There are line opportunities for boating, fishing and hunting, which have won for the place a national prominence. There are charming drives to the fine points of view on the surrounding bluffs on good roads. The drive along the lake shore, six miles to Lake City, affords many a delightful prospect. An Episco- palian chapel offers opportunities for Sabbath worship. Near by is the Villa Maria school for girls, conducted by the Ursuline sisters. Frontenac Inn, one of the most desirable summer resorts on the Mississippi river, is managed by Celestine M. Schaller, whose able conduct of the place is bringing back to Frontenac some of the prominence which in former days it occupied in the summer plans of people in search of rest, amusement or recreation. It is a comfortable building, with airy rooms, plenty of sunshine and with a beautiful view from every window. Situated along a picturesque drive are a number of roomy and comfortable cottages which are used by the guests of the Inn. The Inn and the cottages are surrounded by a beautiful park. Fishing, boat- ing, croquet, tennis and dancing are among the amusements offered, while those who enjoy walks and drives can find no more picturesque surroundings. Many of the large Mississippi boats stop at the Inn and a buss connects the place with the railroad at Frontenac station. The table at the Inn is widely known for its excellence. Miss Schaller is a capable manager, and the place is being improved year by year under her direction. Frontenac Station is on the S. M. & St. Paul railway, twelve miles south of Red Wing. It has a German Lutheran church, a stone yard, a grain elevator, a saloon, general stores and black- smiths. The town hall is also located in this village. The stone quarries are worthy of extended note. The stone is of a light 176 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY cream color and is used in large quantities for building pur- poses, tombstones and monuments. George W. Garrard is the owner. The Frontenac stone quarry has been operated more or less since the early fifties. Its light cream stone, used for general ornamental work, is noted throughout the United States, and is used in the interior of the Cathedral of St. John the Divine, the great church of the Episcopal denomination in New York, and one of the handsomest church edifices in America, which will cause its praises to be sung by countless generations to come. Among three hundred samples of stone submitted, from the best quarries in the world, the Frontenac stone was selected as being the most suited for interior work of the most exquisite nature. Other smaller contracts have all shown the adaptability and beauty of this stone. George Wood Garrard, the owner and manager of the quarry, has taken an artistic as well as a busi- ness interest in the Frontenac product. General Israel Garrard, for nearly half a century the patri- archal sage and patron of Frontenac, was probably a man of wider and more distinguished fame than anyone else who has resided in this county. Of him it has well been said: “General Garrard was beloved by all who knew him, for his kindly and courtly manner toward all — for he was a peer among the finished gentlemen of his age — and by many he was regarded with a love that, could but spring from hearts that had been soothed in times of, tribulation and distress by his more than generous sympathy and substantial assistance. The extent of his benevo- lence, touching the needs of scores of the distressed in this region and elsewhere, will never be fully known. For, though his lib- erality to all who were in distress is known to have been munifi- cent, and far-reaching, he was one who never permitted his loving kindness to be noised about.” Israel Garrard was born in Lexington, Ky., October 22, 1825, the oldest son of Jeptha D. Garrard and Sarah Bella Ludlow, his wife. He was descended on the paternal side from James Garrard, one of the earliest settlers and governors of Kentucky, and on the maternal side from Israel Ludlow, one of the original proprietors of the townsite of Cincinnati. As a boy Israel Gar- rard was a pupil of Ormsby M. Mitchell, afterward attending Cary’s Academy and also Bethany College in West Virginia. He read law with Judge Swayne, at Columbus, Ohio, and gradu- ated from the Harvard law school, at Cambridge, Mass. At the age of twenty-nine, in company with Dr. Louis H. Garrard, General Garrard came into the wilds of Minnesota on a hunting trip. For several weeks he camped on the shores of Lake Pepin, and being impressed with its beauties, determined to make the HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 177 spot his future home. He took up a tract of land several hundred acres in extent, running for over seven miles along the shore, and over half as far back from the water. This land was in the famous half-breed tract, and Colonel Garrard obtained it from the old Jean Baptiste Faribault, paying for the half-breed scrip to the old French-Indian, on the spot where the city of Faribault now stands. The original hunting trip was made in the fall of 1854, and the purchase was confirmed in 1857. After the hunting trip in 1854 Dr. Garrard went to Europe for two years, while General Gain-arc! remained at Frontenac with Everett Westervelt, the successor of James Wells, the Indian trader. In 1857, when the half-breed scrip was issued and the purchase of Frontenac was made, the Garrard tract was divided into quarters, Everett Westervelt owning one, Dr. Garrard one, Israel Garrard one, and Kenner Garrard, then in the amy, another. General Garrard at once started the establishment of St. Hubert’s lodge. The lodge, now owned by his son, is a quaint mansion, built after the style of the old southern houses of ante- bellum days. A stag’s head with a cross between the antlers is the coat of arms of the residence, after the patron of hunters, St. Hubert, who, having as a roysterer dared to desecrate Good Friday by a riotous hunt, was stopped by a spirit stag with a crucifix on his forehead, after which the knight, awe-struck dropped on his knees in the forest, surrounded by his retainers, and devoted his life to the cause of religion, the wild hunters becoming monks, and Hubert their abbot, the castle being con- verted into a monastery. Albert Durer, the father of etching, long ago portrayed the scene, and a lieleotype of the etching, from the Gray collection at Harvard, occupies a place of honor in the library of the Garrard mansion. Around St. Hubert’s lodge at Frontenac were gradually erected small cottages, in which were domiciled the working people of the estate. These were brought from Cincinnati by General Garrard and were, almost without exception, Germans. When the Rebellion broke out, General Garrard, faithful to the Union, hurried south. He raised a troop of cavalry at Cin- cinnati, equipped it at his own expense and then presented it to the governor of Ohio. Of this regiment, the Seventh Ohio Cavalry, he was the colonel, having had some previous experi- ence during the siege of Cincinnati, on the staff of Major McDowell, commanding the organization of city and state forces. After the mustering in of his regiment, until the close of the Avar, he was absent from the field but eight days, and then his command Avas in camp recruiting. He commanded a brigade much of the time, and after the capture of Stoneman on the Macon raid before Atlanta he commanded AA'liat remained of the 178 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY division. June 21, 1865, he was promoted to brigadier general by brevet, and on July 4 of the same year he Avas mustered out. On taking leave of his regiment he Avas presented Avith a cavalry standard, on which was embroidered the following epitome of his service : Carter Raid, Dutton Hill, Monticello, West’s Gap, Nuffington Island, Cumberland Gap, Blue Springs, Blountville, Rogersville, Morristown, Cheek’s Cross Roads, Bean Station, Dandridge, Massy Creek, Fair Garden, Synthiana, Atlanta, Duck River, Nashville, Plantersville, Selma and Columbus.” On the plate on the staff is an inscription expressing the regiment’s confidence in him as a leader and its respect for him as a patriot and gentleman. At the close of the war the general returned to Frontenac, and with occasional trips to the East, spent the remainder of his life on his estate. He loved books and Avas a great reader. His generosity Avas proverbial among the people of southern Min- nesota. He Avas a member of no church, but contributed to all. He almost supported the little Episcopalian chapel, and the Lutherans found him a willing contributor. He gave the Ursu- line sisters 100 acres of land on which to build their convent, and there are few rooms in the building that do not contain some article presented by him. The general Avas a most hospit- able man and entertained many well known people at St. Hubert’s lodge. General Charles King Avas a frequent guest, and several of his popular novels Avere Avritten while at St. Hubert’s. General King was so impressed by the beauty of Frontenac that he made the cottages and hotel the scene of several stories. Joseph Jeffer- son made St. Hubert’s his headquarters for many a fishing excursion, and the army officers always found the latch string hanging outward. General Garrard was very fond of military men, liis active service having given him an interest in them which Avas shared by his two brothers. General Kenner Garrard and Colonel Jeptha Garrard. The former was a West Point graduate, and the latter, like his brother Israel, presented a troop of cavalry to his governor. Israel Garrard was married in May. 1856, to Catherine Wood, the oldest daughter of George Wood, a distinguished Noav York lawyer. To this union were born two children, George Wood Garrard and Margaret Hills Garrard. The general died Sep- tember 21, 1901, as the result of injuries received while extin- guishing a fire caused by an overturned lamp. He is laid to rest in the family cemetery, the spot being one which he and his Avife selected many years ago. In his death the county lost a dis- tinguished citizen, hundreds lost a warm friend, and his genera- tion lost a most kindly and noble soul. Mrs. Garrard died January 12, 1867. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 179 George Wood Garrard, son of General Israel Garrard, was born in Peekskill, N. Y., August 20, 1863. He was educated at Morgan Park Military Academy, Chicago 111., and supplemented this training with extensive travels in Europe and the Orient. Like his father, he has been a collector, and the Garrard mansion now contains many relics and works of art which he has added to the family heirlooms. His collection of Japanese curios is particularly interesting. Mr. Garrard has devoted his life to managing the Garrard estates, and at the present time is manager and owner of the Frontenac Stone Company, mentioned else- where. He was married in 1889, October 31, to Virginia Colden Hoffman, daughter of Lindley Murray Hoffman, a prominent New York broker, and his wife, Margaret Mott. To Mr. and Mrs. George Wood Garrard have been born three daughters, Beulah Murray, Evelyn Stuart and Catherine Wood, all at home. GOODHUE TOWNSHIP. Goodhue comprises township No. Ill, range 15, and was originally a part of Belvidere, the combined township having been known as Elmira, York and Belvidere, successively, the latter name being retained by the half included in section 14 to the present day. Goodhue is bounded on the north by Feather- stone, on the east by Belvidere, on the south by Zumbrota and on the west by Belle Creek. In the western part there is an outrunning of Trenton limestone, making a high table land. The remainder of the township is lower, with broad valleys and some ridges. There are no big streams, and the soil throughout the township is of good quality and ivell adapted for the usual crops. The first, settlement in the township was in 1854, when Francis Yergens and John Mann came in and staked out claims, built cabins and started to establish their homes in the wilderness. The succeeding year these two were followed by David Hickock, John Ingerbretson, Harry Danielson, Oliver Knutson and Knut Knutson. David Hickock and John Mann opened their houses for the accommodation of travelers. Peter Easterly came in 1856 and finding that Hickock and Mann each had more business than they could attend to, opened another hotel, which also had its full share of business for many years. Some time later Hickock and Mann both abandoned the business, and for a con- siderable period Easterly kept the only public house in the place. The first birth in Goodhue was in 1855, when a child was born to Mrs. Francis Yergens, which was christened Henry. The wife of Daniel Hickock died in 1856, this being the first death in the township. The Rev. Jabez Brooks officiated at this service, and the sermon lie preached on the occasion was the 180 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY first religious observance of a public nature in the town. The first school was taught by Georgiette Easterly in the summer of 1857. In 1858 H. H. Oleson opened a blacksmith shop, which was the only one in the township until 1868, when a man named Mutz built a shop near Easterly’s hotel. In the spring of 1867 the Goodhue Seed Association was organized for the purpose of receiving the advantages of a combination which would pro- cure seeds and other articles at wholesale instead of retail prices. The officers of the association were : President, Samuel Parker ; secretary, Harrison Lowater ; treasurer, T. M. Lowater. In the earlier days church services were held at the homes of the settlers ; sometimes in charge of a clergyman, but more often conducted by some of the pioneers themselves. An early church was the German Lutheran church, organized in the spring of 1868 by the Rev. Christian Bender. At that time it had but seven members: A. Seeback, Gotlieb Seeback, R. Haas, Charles Semke, William Betcher, Herman Kempe and Peter Tipke. A church was built the same year at a cost of $500. Rev. Mr. Bender preached the dedicatory service the last Sunday in August. Later a new church, 36x50, was erected at a cost of about $2,500. At a meeting held at the home of Peter Easterly, April 5, 1859, of the voters of that part of Belvidere lying in section 15, the matter of a separate township was favorably acted upon and the following officers were elected tentatively: Supervisors, P. Easterly (chairman), Ezra Bennett, Sylvester Cranson; town clerk, John Stowe; collector, F. Cranson; assessor, Sylvester Cranson ; overseer of the poor, II. B. Patterson. At the same meeting it was voted to call the neAV town Goodhue, after the county. A petition was prepared and this having been granted, September 13, 1859, township 111, range 14, was constituted a separate body, with the proviso that the name be either Lime or Goodhue. For a short time the township was known as Lime. J. Going, then county clerk, appointed in 1859 the following pro- visional officers: Supervisors, Charles LI. Mclntire (chairman), L. C. Burke, II. B. Patterson; town clerk, John Stowe; justices, Samuel Parker, Sylvester Cranson ; constables, II. Olson and S. AY. Carney; assessor, George Spicer; collector, F. Cranson; over- seer of roads, John Gleason; overseer of the poor, II. Danielson. The following year a regular board was elected. The name Goodhue, which from the beginning had been the choice of the people, became the official title in January, 1860. Among the early chairmen of the township were Charles II. Mclntire, T. M. Lowater, Samuel Parker, A. A. Anderson, David Purdy, F. Tether, J. Finney, AY. H. H. Bruce, R, Kolbe. The early clerks HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 181 were: L. C. Burke, S. S. Gibson, Isaac Gallagher, Lewis John- son and John McHugh. Goodhue’s contribution to the Civil War consisted of Captain Hezekiah Bruce, W . Harrison Bruce, Samuel Budd, Walter E. Barnes, King II. Bennett, Lieutenant James H. Carney, Henry Danielson, Harmon Easterly, David IJickock, Lucius II. Ilickock, Lewis Johnson, William King, Otis Ludden, Harry Lowater, Marsell B. Millien, Charles W. Mills, Cecil Miller, Sofe Rasmus- sen, Charles E. Bolander, Ernest Base, John Ericson, Theodore Kempter, Herman J. Newhouse, Christopher Oleson, Aclelbert Reinhardt, Andrew Doudes, George E. Bivers, Asa Gould, Henry Brandes, William Gun, George Land. An extensive area of this town is underlaid, a short distance below the surface, by a large bed of clay of a superior quality, which has been extensively used by the stoneware works at Red Wing. Clay Bank is a stopping place on the Great Western railroad. Goodhue village is a hustling settlement which has enjoyed a steady growth, and is believed to have a splendid future ahead of it. GOODHUE VILLAGE. Situated almost in the very center of the county of the same name we find the village of Goodhue, a place of 500 souls, who in a sense regard themselves as farmers, in view of the fact that as you look out upon the country in any direction the eye beholds farms, beautiful farms, consisting of 160 up to 400 acres, studded with fine houses and large barns, a source of great comfort and convenience to the landlords who have selected agriculture as their occupation. When the Duluth, Red Wing & Southern railroad from Red Wing to Zumbrota was in course of construction during the year 1888 it was then that the village of Goodhue came into existence, at first consisting of the railroad camps which were here located during the building of several miles of the road up and down the line, the road being completed in the spring and early summer of 1889. When there was no longer any use for the railroad camps at this place and the tents and so forth had all been removed, there was still a. mission for the little burg to perform, and from that time the place has always been regarded as an important trading point, keeping pace with the demands of a large and wealthy agricultural community, which borders on every side, until now there are fifteen stores of various kinds, to say nothing of the numerous business houses, including the newspaper office of the “Goodhue Enterprise.” The country tributary to Goodlnie on the north, south, east 182 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY and west, some years before this village was known, and before the farmers had taken up diversified farming to a great degree, wheat raising being their principal avocation, had much to do in the making of Goodhue county responsible for Red Wing’s repu- tation of being the greatest inland wheat market in the world, which at first sounds boastful, however, is true, the city of Red Wing at that time receiving more wheat from farmers’ wagons than any other place in the world. While very much of this wheat was necessarily brought from territory as far away as Owatonna, ox teams usually making the long “caravans” that brought in the bread stuff which was shipped from this (then) small place to the eastern markets. Therefore it is not hard for the reader to place a value upon the section of country around us which then figured so prominently in making Red Wing’s great grain market and which today borders on this village and whose farmers in the main market their grain at one of the three ele- vators here found and who buy their goods in the town which affords so good a market place. In addition to the elevators, the village for a number of years boasted of a fine, up-to-date 250-barrel flouring mill, which, according to the way of mis- fortune, however, about a year ago was burned to the ground. It is almost necessary that a point of this kind have a mill, and today there is talk of one, though not so large as the old one, being founded by the Farmers’ Co-operating Company. The business men of Goodhue generally have made good, and their reputation, from a financial point of view, is an enviable one, although it is not possible for one in a place no larger than this to accumulate the money that can be done in cities, yet there are many features surrounding this particular place that spell fascination to the person looking for a good place in which to locate, the death rate, in the first place, being the smallest of any place in the country, good schools, adequate fire protection, a supply of the most beautiful city water that was ever drawn into a glass, and those who believe that the religious sects have much to do with the advancement of any place here have the opportunity of attending the Methodist, Catholic, or English Lutheran church, while only a short way east of the village there are found German Lutheran churches and parochial schools. Before passing, it seems only fitting to make some special mention of the First National Bank of Goodhue, which began business in a small way in 1900. as a private institution. Busi- ness increased so rapidly that a $12,000 brick block for its accom- modation was soon erected, and the banking house was made over into a national bank and today its deposits are $190,000. Figures won’t lie, and figures of this kind cannot help but HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 183 bespeak the prosperity of the citizens of Goodhue and farmers doing business here. The officers of the bank are : President, H. M. Scovell ; vice-president, E. J. Maybauer ; cashier, C. A. Arpke. One of the best creameries in the state (we say “best in the state” because of its ability in most cases to pay such prices and do business in such a way as to make it apparent to the farmer that this is the place where he can sell the dairy product to the greatest advantage) is the Goodhue Creamery. Thus the consolidated butter factory of the city gets from this community only a smattering of business, while all who know the value of a home creamery rejoice daily at the business tactics here adopted, making it possible to point with pride to this enterprise. Since the reputation of this section as a grain raising country has so long been established, it would hardly be fair to the stock- men to pass without saying that the horse buyers and cattlemen of the cities, when they want something choice, find Goodhue about the best place along the line to make their headquarters, where the owners of fine horses and fine cattle can be seen daily as they come in from the garden spot of Goodhue county. “The Goodhue Enterprise,” which is published on Thursday of each week, claims for its special aim in life the furnishing of a large grist of local and neighborhood news to its TOO sub- scribers, at the same time carrying to the average farmer of this part of the county, in the form of neatly displayed advertise- ments, the store news which the merchants of the village furnish, telling the buyers what they have for sale and urging them to come here whenever it is possible for them to do so. “The Enter- prise” was established in 1896, the first issue being gotten out on Christmas day of that year, by what was known as the Good- hue Printing Company; however, D. C. Pierce, who continues to publish the paper, became its sole owner, and although Goodhue is a place of less than a thousand people, this publication has ever enjoyed a lucrative patronage, built up a nice business and established a reputation for reliability and punctuality. In politics it is Republican. The village of Goodhue was incorporated at. a special elec- tion held April 26. 1897 : President, P. I). Kelly; eouncilmen. 0. Parker, F. Holtz, C. L. Parkin ; recorder, C. E. Rucker. The fire department was organized in 1898. Fire protection at present is furnished by water system from tank on a high elevation in the southwestern part of town, known as Cranson Heights. This tank was put up in 1903, capacity 80,000 gallons. The former protection was furnished by chemical system. Goodhue is noted for its supply of excellent pure water, from a deep city well, the 184: HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY same being furnished nearly every house in town by means of faucets. The village marshal is William A. O’Reilly. The pres- ent village officers are: President, PI. M. Scovell ; councilmen, D. C. Bell, Joe H. Majerus and Louis N. Schinnert; recorder, A. E. Adler. The leading business men are: First National Bank, with H. M. Scovell, president, and C. A. Arpke, cashier. Goodhue County Telephone Company — Pardiu & Meyer, proprietors. Hardware and machinery — Nelson & Johnson, proprietors. Goodhue Hard- ware and Implement Company — Lally & McNamara, proprietors. Clothing and men’s furnishing goods — Adler, Schacht & Co., pro- prietors ; A. E. Adler, manager. Jewelry, watches, etc., with pianos — H. II. Buck, proprietor. General merchandise — J. N. Banitt, proprietor; J. H. Quast. Goodhue Co-operative Company - — C. Rucker, manager; John Meyer, proprietor. Goodhue Cash Store — 0. E. Ivyllo, manager. Drugs, medicine, etc. — Ploward & Co., G. W. Robinson, manager. Newspaper — Goodhue “Enter- prise,” D. C. Pierce, publisher and proprietor. Meat market — Heaney Bros. Hotels — Merchants, Mrs. Frank P. Ahern, pro- prietor; the Goodhue Hotel, J. P. Ahern, proprietor. Lumber — - North Star Lumber Company, John McHugh, manager. Millinery — Mrs. J. S. Davis, proprietor. Cigar factory — Holst & Vieths, proprietors. Harness shop — F. W. Prahl, proprietor. Furniture and undertaking — Zorn & Co., proprietors. Restaurant and con- fections — L. N. Schinnert, proprietor. The Modern Samaritans, organized February 21, 1901, with the following officers: G. F., O. F. Nelson; scribe, C. E. Rucker; treasurer, Fred Eppen. The present officers are the same. The Red Men, organized April 3, 1901. The officers were,: S., C. II. Rehder ; sr. sag., D. J. McHugh; jr. sag., A. D. Medlmrst; prophet, James Chalmers; chief of records, Thomas Heaney; keeper of wampum, Thomas Lally. The present officers are : S., Francis Barry; sr. sag., C. J. A. Hanson; jr. sag., John Richter; prophet, D. C. Bell; chief of records, Thomas Lally; keeper of wampum, John McNamara. The Modern Woodmen of America, organized March, 1895. The officers were: Council, John McHugh; advisor, Elmer Cat- lin; banker, 0. Parker; clerk, William Richtman. Charter mem- bers: John McHugh, Elmer Catlin, 0. Parker, William Richt- man, James Chalmers, Thomas Maley, Eugene Crowell, P. D. Kelly, Joseph Heaney, F. E. Davis, Dr. S. E. Howard. The pres- ent officers are: Council, D. M. Franklin; advisor, C. S. Hodsdon; banker, II. M. Scovell ; clerk, C. E. Rucker. The Royal Neighbors, organized June 15, 1900. The officers were : Oracle, Mrs. John McHugh ; vice oracle, Mary E. Mc- Hugh ; recorder, Mrs. 0. E. Ivyllo ; receiver, Mrs. Helen Kelly ; HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 185- chancellor, Mrs. John 0. Davis ; marshal, Mary Holst ; inner sen- tinel, Mrs. John O’Connell; outer sentinel, Mrs. Ella Ahern; managers, Ida Holst, Rose Edwards and Tillie Casey. The Ancient Order of United Workmen, organized in 1905, with the following officers: P. M. AY., John Richter; M. AY., C. H. Relider ; foreman, R. C. Kellogg ; overseer, M. Id. Gregoire ; recorder, D. C. Pierce; financier, T. AY. Dally; receiver, Hein Prigge ; guide, C. Raasch. The present officers are : P. M. AY., C. Raasch; M. AY., M. II. Gregoire; foreman, A. D. Haas; over- seer, C. F. Raasch ; recorder, C. S. IJodsdon ; financier, T. M_ Lally; receiver, Claus IT. Holst; guide, John Richter. The Brotherhood of American Yeomen, organized June J, 1908, with the following charter members: Joe Heaney, Robert Heaney, F. L. Kempf, A. C. Kempf, AY. IT. H. Kempf, AYilliam Hope, A. AT. Peterson, F. P. Ahern, Emma Dahlstrom, C. AY. Sherwin, A. P. Johnson, M. J. Scovell, Hattie M. Prahl, F. T. O’Gorman, Mary Heaney, Ella J. Heaney, Nellie D. Kempf, Will- iam H. Kempf, Elmer Kempf, Minnie C. Hope, Annie M. Peter- son, Rose Ahern, O. F. Nelson, A. E. Osgood, John Richter, Alary J. Tetcher, J. C. 0 ’Reilly. The officers were : Foreman, 0. F. Nelson; master of ceremonies, A. E. Osgood; master of accounts, Mary Heaney; correspondent, AYilliam Hope; chaplain, Mrs. H. Al. Scovell; overseer, A. P. Johnson. The present officers are : Foreman, 0. F. Nelson ; master of ceremonies, F. L. Kempf ; mas- ter of accounts, Mary Heaney; correspondent, William Hope; chaplain, Nellie D. Kempf; overseer. Elmer Kempf. For the above article on the village of Goodhue the editors of this work are indebted to Dwight C. Pierce, of the Goodhue “Enterprise.” The history of the churches is found elsewhere. HOLDEN TOWNSHIP. Holden is one of the western tier of Goodhue county town- ships, and like the others, is rich in agricultural possibilities. It is bounded on the north by Warsaw, on the east by Wana- mingo, on the south by Kenyon and on the west by Rice county. This township has some of the highest land in the county and is mainly an undulating prairie, but is much diversified through the central part by the headwaters of the Little Cannon and its tributaries. There are patches of timber in several localities, especially in the northeastern portion and along the Zumbro in the southern part. • In the summer of 1851 there came to this township a young man named Hans Ovaldson, who broke about four acres on sec- tion 24. He was followed by Ole C. Oakland, who broke the same amount of land in section 23. The following year both 186 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY these pioneers raised a crop of wheat. Neither of them, however, became permanent residents of the township. In the fall of 1854 -Jens Ottun made a claim and built a sod hut on section 33, where he commenced breaking the land in May, 1855. On May 27 there arrived A. K. Finseth, K. K. Finseth, H. Iv. Finseth and Ole J. Bakke. The Finseths purchased Mr. Ottun’s claim and that gentleman returned to AVanamingo, where he had pre- viously made a claim. Mr. Bakke staked out a homestead on section 33 and Airs. Bakke soon afterward joined him, she being doubtless the first white woman settler in the township. That she had her share of pioneer discomforts, not to say alarms, is shown by a story of the early days that is still told in the town- ship. It seems that in spite of the removal of the Indians, many red men were prowling through that portion of the county, and the squaws were particularly troublesome. One day while Mrs. Bakke had gone to draw a pail of water an Indian squaw entered her cabin, and evidently concluding that the white baby would make a valuable addition to her family, snatched Mrs. Bakke ’s infant and started to run. Airs. Bakke, upon her return, gave a cry of alarm and hastened into the woods after the fleeing squaw. The baby seriously impeded the progress of the red woman, who was more accustomed to carrying babies on her back than in her arms, and finally, in fright at, the pursuit, she dropped the infant and continued her flight. Airs. Bakke recov- ered her child and no harm was done except for the fright that the poor mother had felt at this attempted pioneer kidnaping. In the month of June, 1855, Ole 0. Houset settled on section 23, Halvor Ennerson AUaalstad on section 27, and Thorbjorn Ennerson Vraalstad on section 35. In the same year Ole 0. Naeset and Erik Anderson . settled on section 9, Nels Alikkelson Dalsbotten on section 10, and Alikkel Johnson on section 15. Some of these pioneers erected cabins and roofed them over, others erected walls but did not take time to finish the roofs, some lived in their covered immigrant wagons, others had even less shelter, the main object being to raise a crop during the summer months, leaving the question of permanent and com- fortable abode until the autumn time, when the harvest would be garnered in and there would be more time for home building. The supply of provisions which the settlers had brought with them was soon gone, and from time to time one of the colony was delegated to go to Red AVing or Hastings to procure the necessities of life. This journey of over thirty miles was long and tedious, and even dangerous, especially in winter, and even after trading points were reached the prices were so high as to be almost prohibitive. During the summer of 1855 many new claims were staked out. A few Avere occupied in the fall, but HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 187 the majority of these claimants did not locate until the follow- ing spring. Among - these settlers of 1855 are said to have been Nelson Sollefson, Thomas Anderson, Canute Thomas, John Thompson, Anfin Anderson, G. K. Worsing and Ole Oleson. The first settlers of the township were Norwegians, and their sturdy character has since remained the predominating influence in the township. In the early days a number of German families settled in the western part of the township, and many of their descend- ants still remain there. According to the authorities now available, the first white child born in the township was to Mr. and Mrs. T. E. Vraalstad, in September, 1855. The first marriage was that of K. Iv. Finseth and Bergitte Halvorson, the ceremony being performed by the Rev. H. A. Stub, at the residence of the bride’s father in Bice county, September 13, 1856. The first death was that of Erik A. Elton, who died in the fall of 1855 and was buried near the north line of section 3. An old history gives some entirely different facts in regard to the first birth, marriage and death, but upon what authority is not known. According to this old history, Mr. and Mrs. Lars Nelson were blessed with twins shortly after their arrival in the township, these twins being the first births in the township. The first marriage, declares the same authority, was that of Kettle Erickson and Margaretta Flom, performed by Esquire BoAvles, of Cannon Falls, and the first death that of a child of Ole Oleson. Another authority says that the first child was born to Thorbjorn Ennerson. In 1856 a state road was surveyed through the southeast part of the township, and the following year Norway postoffice was established, with Ole 0. Hauset as postmaster. Mr. Hauset served until his death in 1862. Some time afterward, the office was removed a short distance, across the line into Wanamingo township. About the same time Holden postoffice was estab- lished in the north part of the township, with T. E. Thompson as postmaster. Eidsvold postoffice was established in 1875, on the daily mail route between Red AYing and Faribault, and Hans Christianson Westermo was named postmaster. In 1867 Law- rence Stagner opened a store in the western part of the town. The first two winters the township was settled were very severe and much hardship was endured. The winter of 1857 was especially long, and sleighs were in use in the latter part of April. The crops that year, however, were good, and since that time the people of Holden have enjoyed almost uninter- rupted prosperity. In the early days the township was attached to several other townships for political purposes, and in 1858, after the township was organized, the citizens who met at the first election were 188 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY practically strangers, the people in the different localities having- had their previous intercourse with towns to the north, east, south and west and not with each other. Therefore each group of electors wanted to vote for men in their own locality, with whom they were acquainted. After the first two or three elec- tions friendly relations were established and the machinery of the town government has since moved harmoniously. The first officers were: Supervisors, K. K. Finseth (chairman), II. C. Kleiner, Charles Nichols; town clerk, L. K. Aakers ; assessor, C. Nichols; collector, Charles Fogelsang; justices of the peace, W. C. Crandall, Ole Oleson ; constables, Peter N. Langemo and II. E. Yraalstad. During the following four years the chairmen were K. K. Finseth, L. K. Aakers, Ira Babcock and L. Stagner, and the clerks were Lucius Oakes, A. H. Bjoraker, Peter Nelson and Peter Lengmoe. During the Civil War the aggregate amount of $14,000 was raised to give as a bounty to volunteers, and consequently no drafting was needed to fill the required quota. Those who en- listed from Holden were : Byron Aufinson, Lieutenant Lars K. Aakers, Henry Aspen, John Ericson, Henry Ericson, Elling Eng- berson, Joseph Fogleson, Arthur A. Flom, Andrew Hanson, Ole Halverson, Ilalver Halverson, Ole 0. PIuss, George Johnson, John K. Lysing, Aslack Oleson, Ole Oleson, Ole Osker, Butler Oleson, Edward Oleson, Edward Oleson, Olans Oleson, Thurston Opdahl, Christopher Peterson, Peter J. Peterson, Peter Quam, John J. Peterson, •Ingvall Thorson, Holton 0. Wing, Charles Zimmerman, Fred Zimmerman, German Anderson, Frederick Bowers, Louis Bratsell, Edward Boutsell, James Coburn, Andrew M. Crane, John Ellis, John Ferrin. Uriah Ferrin, William A. Fendley, Robert Fairbanks, Andrew Hanson, William Harrison. Hans Hanson, Griffin Holmes, Ameal Hillig, James F. Hyland, James Isenhour, Richard M. Johnson, Norman Ivinney, Thomas Ken- nedy, Joseph Lapaire, Samuel Murphy, II. W. McGowan, Charles II. Parish, Sebastian Paulley, Leonard S. Ricord, Riley Sturman, Edwin M. Snow, William Starkey, Champion Shilling, James Byrne, Charles Boatman, Sydney Brownson, John Weaver, Thomas Ward, Abraham Zimmerman, C. W. Zeraka, Elling En- gerbretson, Fingal Fingalson, G. Grant, Thomas Walker De- Ruyter Buck, Edwin Cross, Charles Farrell, John E. Jelly, Evan Johnson, Kaut Oleson, F. J. Ridgway, Nels Oleson, Knut Quam, Andrew Scott, Daniel Glenn, Michael Hayes, Eric Bergland, Michael Hartman, Captain Thomas Carney, Andrew Cahill, James A. Lesson, Hans H. Oleson, J. L. Amundson, Ole Jacobson, Jr., Fred Schmidt, G. W. Avery, Henry Knutz, Edward Kohler, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 189 -James McDonough, Janies Melchoir, Andrew Orhlin, John Birber, Doctor G. Wilkes, Albert A. Thayer, Moses Haines. Holden is a discontinued postoffice thirty miles southwest of Red Wing and five miles north of Kenyon. Mail is noiv received via Nerstrand R. F. D. No. 2. Nansen is a discontinued postoffice twenty-eight miles south- west of Red Wing and eight miles northeast of Kenyon. Mail is received Ada Kenyon R. F. D. No. 5. Einseth Station is a flag station on the Chicago & Great Western railway. HAY CREEK TOWNSHIP. Hay Creek receives its name from the stream which touches the Avest central portion of the township and along Avhose banks in the early days the settlers found large cpiantities of Avild hay. The surface of the township is somewhat uneven, but is rich in agricultural possibilities. A deep valley crosses the toAvn- ship from east to Avest in the northern paid, and another, Avith various branches, crosses the township in the center, east and Avest. These make a hilly and rolling surface for xhe Avliole town, the hills being from two to four hundred feet above the valleys. Yet, OAving to the abundant overspread of line clay and loam, practically all of the surface is tillable. Many of the hillsides are co\ r ered with groAving timber, and the valleys Avere ■originally heavily Avooded. In the southeastern part is Wells’ creek. Bullard creek drains the northern part. Hay Creek comprises township 112, range 14, and is bounded on the north by Red Wing and Wacoota, on the east by Florence, on the south by Belvidere and on the west by Featherstone. It Avas organized with its present boundaries in 1858. The first, settlement was made in the spring of 1854 by a Mr. Egar, in the northeast part of the toAvn. Among the early settlers were George Steel, Ernest Schubert, Henry Inzancee, William Hayman, Garry Post, David Bartrom, Simon Peterson, Benville Mosier, Rudolph Kruger, Charles Darling, Jacob Turner, M. Eggleston, G. F. and William Meyer, John Hack and James B. AYakefield. George Frederick, an early settler of Belle Creek, also lived here a short time in the early days. The early settlers Avere subjected to constant annoyance, the whole township, Avith the exception of a small portion in the nortlrwest, being Avithin the limits of the half-breed tract. Meetings Avere held and the settlers organized for mutual protection. Charles Aiders, Avho in 1856 built a hotel near Avhere Burkliard’s hotel Avas later located, Avas one of the many who suffered the annoyance of a previous claimant. He had his first log cabin nearly completed HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Avhen another man appeared to dispute his claim to the land. This man’s claim was based on the fact that he had been there and inscribed his name on a tree previous to Mr. Abler ’s advent. The former claimant was backed by a mob of men armed with clubs, axes and other weapons. So there was no alternative but for Mr. Alders to pay the amount of money demanded for a relinquishment of the claim, which he did, and later opened his house to the public. There are always two sides to every question, and while Mr. Aiders was given a great deal of sym- pathy, it would look in modern times as though he had intended to take another man’s claim. He was but one of many who suffered much inconvenience and trouble until the half-breed matter had been settled in Washington, after which the actual settlers were left in peace. The first town meeting was held in 1858, with only six citizens present. They were William Hayman, Henry Lorentzen, S. A. Wise, -J. B. Wakefield, Rudolph Kruger and David Bartrom. This meeting Avas held in a log cabin schoolhouse, near Wells’ creek. The explanation given for the poor attendance is one that looks strange in these days. It seems that a camp meeting Avas in progress in a grove near by and the people Avere so inter- ested in matters pertaining to the future life that they had no time to devote to such temporal affairs as a toAvn election. Whether the six who attended loved religion the less or politics the more than the others tradition does not relate. A log schoolhouse was built near the spot where the Wells’ creek mills were afterward erected, in 1857, and a school Avas taught there by a young man named Graves. The first marriage Avas that of Ernest Schubert and a Miss Reinehart, the cere- mony being performed by William Ilayman, justice of the peace. Tn tin 1 earliest days the German Lutherans and the Methodists held meetings and both later erected comfortable places for church Avorship. Near the center of the township there is a substantial town hall. In 1863 R. H. Matthews built a mill on AVells’ creek, and in 1865 John Hack and G. F. Meyer built one on Hay creek. Later a third mill Avas built on Hay creek, but Avas afterAvard abandoned. The chairmen of supervisors of the town from 1858 to 1869 Avere: Samuel A. Wise, William Hayman, John Benson. Dunning Dewey (six terms), Rudolph Kruger (two terms), George Hack- man. The town clerks during the same period Avere : Henry Lorentzen (two terms), John Hack (six terms), Peter J. Erbar (five terms). Hay Creek’s contribution to the Civil War consisted of Joseph AY. Britton, Fred Baumbeck, Henry Burgtorf, Reynolds Barton, August Buehholz, Henry W. Cady, AY. F. Dewey, C. J. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 191 Henning, August B. Hilleg, James D. Hill, John Hennings, An- drew Johnson, Rudolph Kruger, Elias F. Kimball, Michael Stabler, J. G. Scholl, Jonathan Thoms, William Thoms, Charles Truman, Josiah Wakefield, Alonzo C. Wakefield, Peter Wallower, Nicholas Gross, Nicholas Oleson, ( linton G. Stees, Manville Le- Weir, Anthony Stevens, Robert Millie, Leundre Isenhour. Alfred Dudley, James R. Goodhue, Thomas Gready, John Hankins, Edward Lent, Peter McMartin, William F. Schmidt, AYilliam Smith. Lawrence Twohy, Andrew Johnson, Henry Webert, Henry Straitman, David Fresmith, Lars Oleson, Jacob Turner, Fred Wfstendoft’, John J. Dewey, Fritz Klauser, AYilliam Piute and Christian Sempiel. Play Creek village is a discontinued postoffice six and a half miles south of Red AVing. Mail is received by Red Wing R. F. D. Nos. 2 and P. It is a busy little settlement, with a hotel, store, church, schoolhouse and several residences. LEON TOWNSHIP. Leon constitutes government township 11, range 17, and is bounded on the north by Cannon Falls, on the east by Belle Creek, on the south by Warm min go and on the west by Warsaw. It is drained by branches of the Little Cannon in the northwest- ern portion, these streams causing the land to be somewhat broken in that locality. In the valleys there is a light growth of timber. The eastern part of the township is drained by the waters of Belle creek. The soil is rich and causes Leon to be one of the most desirable farming sections of the county. The people are educated and progressive, being for the most part Americans of Norwegian and Swedish descent, although a few of the sturdy old pioneers of Norwegian and Swedish birth still remain to tell the story of their early struggles to their children. Of Leon it has been truthfully said: “Its cultivated fields, pos- sessing a soil of marvelous fertility, its broad acres of arable land, its timber and water, beautiful residences, barns and granaries, flocks and herds, and finally the health and general prosperity of its inhabitants, are the living evidences of a section of country rich in natural resources and abounding in happy homes.” The first settler, Haldro Johnson, a Norwegian, came here from Dane county, Wisconsin, in the fall of 1851. He made a claim on section 20, built a rude cabin and spent the winter there. The following spring he went back to Wisconsin, and married, bringing his bride with him to the new country, where they Avere to establish their rooftree and liA r e in happiness. In the summer of 1855 came the folloAving Scandinavians and their fami- 192 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY lies : A. J. Malande, Andrew Larson, Gutrom Pederson, Ole Peder- son, J. \\ amberg, John Bottolfson, M. Edstrom, C. A. Haggstrom, William Olson and Rognold Johnson. They at once staked out claims and broke the land, most of which still remains in the possession of the families of the original claimants. In 1856 came .Albert, Calvin, Samuel, David and Horace McGaughey, P. F. Dimmick, James Cox, Seth Davis, Charles A. Johnson, William Greaves and Ellery Stone with his sons. The eastern people who settled in the central and southeastern part of this township in the early days did not as a rule remain long, and consequently few of their names have been handed down *to posterity in this county, although several attained prominence in the localities where they afterward settled. Frank Johnson, born May 8, 1856, and died September 7 the same year, was the first white child born and the first person to die in the township. The first school was taught in 1857 by Daniel Van Amberg, in a log schoolhouse near where William Olson afterward took up his residence. Among the early settlers came H. Ferrell, who laid claim to a section of land and surveyed and laid out town lots, naming the place Wastedo. His dreams of a future great city were not realized, and a larger part of the village plat is now devoted to farms. In 1857 E. A. Sargent built a store and stocked it with general merchandise, ancl the next year Martin Thompson built another store. Blacksmith shops were opened in 1857 and 1865. In more recent years the store of M. T. Opsal at this point became the trading center of the town. The postoffice at Wastedo was discontinued some years ago and Cannon Falls R. F. D. No. 1 was substituted. Of Leon, thirty years ago, it was written: “The toAvnsliip is now inhabited almost exclusively by a steady, industrious class of people, natives of Norway and Sweden, and their descendants, the Norwegians residing principally in the southwestern portion of the township, and the Swedes in the northeastern. They are all, or nearly all, citizens of the United States, and as their inter- ests are thoroughly identified with the land of their adoption, they take a deep interest in the political and social welfare of the country. Many of them are men of wide education and abil- ity, some of them having represented their districts in one or both branches of the state legislature, while others have filled local positions of trust and honor.” This is no less true today. To the Civil War Leon contributed the following soldiers: George Brockman, Charles Berdan, A. J. Bailey, W. D. Bryant, Ephraim A. Bard, Harry Bristol, John Banks, Lewis Butterson, David E. Burden, Edwin Cox, Almeran Davis, Peter Froyd, II. M. McGaughey, Eward G. Bailey, Elec Albertson, Christian Lud- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 193 wigson, Morris Harrison, John Ehrichson, Knute Oleson, Ellery Stone, AndreAV McCausland, William IT. Druping, Andreev Erie- son, B. F. S. Ives, C. H. Bnllock, Charles H. Bond, George H. Cross, Norman Daniels, Sidney Deming, William IT. Ganis, Will- iam L. Kenyon, Andrew Morrison, John Stanton, A. H. Yan Voor- hies, Lyman Waldon, George Wells, Peter A. Holm, John Johnson, Yors Larson, Fred Miller, James Swerger, Oscar L. Stranalian, IT. M. Stranahan, Matthew Sidmore, Newell J. Sumner, F. H. Shaw, James G. Wiley, Fenn Iswell, Joseph E. Smith, Charles Barcow, Henry Fane, Peter Mewrer, Fred Mohrmann, Xavier Demarra, William Zirne, Ole Loe, Smith Martenas, Thor Oleson, Thomas Cramwill, James Conroy, A. P. Oliver, L. G. Price and D. Van Amberg. July 5, 1858, the first township election was held in the store of E. A. Sargent. Mr. Sargent was clerk of election and A. E. McGaughey was the forwarding clerk. Fifty votes were polled. From that time until 1879 the officers were as follows, the first named of the supervisors under each year being the chairman : Supervisors, 1859, Ellery Stone, George Seafes'ons, William Olson; 1860, S. N. McGaughey, John Ingebrightsen, J. Vauderberg; 1861, Alexander Merritt, A. Larson, J. K. Stranahan ; 1862, Alexander Merritt, John Ingebrightsen, Seth Davis; 1863, James McGinnis, A. Larson, F. I. Collins ; 1861, Alexander Merritt, S. Anderson, A. Larson ; 1865, Alexander Merritt, R. J. Onstad, Fred Miller ; 1866, Thomas Balfour, John Ingebrightsen, John B. Lee; 1867, E. D. Stone, John Ingebrightsen, Fred Miller; 1868, F. F. Dim- mick, John B. Lee. Charles Holm; 1869, William Greaves, E. D. Stone, S. Anderson; 1870, S. Anderson, F. I. Johnson, E. D. Stone; 1871, E. D. Stone, Charles Anderson, John B. Lee; 1872, E. D. Stone, James B. Lee, Charles Anderson; 1873-1877, E. D. Stone, Charles Anderson, T. S. Medje, 1877, Thomas Balfour, John Haggstrom, Charles Edstrom; 1878, John Haggstrom, Nils Skog, Knut K. ITougo. Clerks, 1858, George F. Sargent; 1859-61, E. G. Bailey; 1861-63, E. A. Sargent; 1863-65, D. Van Amberg; 1865, E. A. Sargent; 1866-68, F. G. Bailey; 1868, Thomas Balfour; 1869-73, M. T. Opsal; 1873, John Edstrom. Assessors, F. F. Dim- mick, Fred Miller, John Surratt, F. F. Gi m mick, D. Yan Amberg, Nere TIolgeson, S. Anderson, C. J. AVing, Ed. L. Otter- ness, Mons S. Urevig. Collector, E. D. Stone, 1869-60. Treas- urers, William Olson, E. Stone, William Olson, Ed. L. Otterness, M. T. Opsal. Justices of the peace, D. C. Stranahan, S. N. Mc- Gaughey, James McGinnis, M. Bryant, J. K. Stranahan, Ira Bab- cock, E. A. Sargent, Fred Miller, John Miller, M. Bryant, A. A. Flom, John Miller. Constables, E. D. Stone, 0. L. Stranahan, B. F. Davis, John Lagerstrom, II. P. Davis, A. B. Crow, John Lagerstrom, A. Olson, H. M. Stranahan, B. F. Davis, Jonathan 194 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Poe, J. A. Holm, H. M. Stranahan, 0. S. Urevig, John A. Holm, D. E. Berdan, 0. S. Urevig, John Lewis, 0. S. Urevig, P. J. Peterson, Ed. Berdan, K. Iv. Ilougo, J. Helm. The oldest church in the township is the Spring Garden Swedish Evangelical Lutheran church. The Urland congregation of the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran church was organized in the winter of 1871. In 1859 the Rev. Mr. Barnes organized a Presbyterian church, and during the. following year the Methodist people perfected an organization, but both of these attempts expired, owing to lack of support. George Wright Matchan, deceased, will long be remembered for his sterling worth and noble Christian character. One of a family of fourteen children, he was born at Bilton, Yorkshire, England, August 8, 1830, in the house where his parents settled at their marriage, and where both died, after a continuous resi- dence of more than sixty years of happy life. Here was spent liis boyhood and early manhood, and in April, 1850, he married Mary Ann Shields, daughter of "William and Frances (Miller) Shields, also born at his native place. April, 1858, the family consisting of Mr. and Mrs. Matchan and three young sons, George, Robert and William, emigrated to Canada, taking passage in a sailing vessel of the type of that day. After a stormy, trying voyage of forty-nine days at sea, they landed at Quebec, from whence they went to Farmersville, Ontario, subsequently settling on a farm near the village of Green Bush, about Twelve miles westerly from Brockville, on the St. Lawrence. Here were born to them two children, Almira and Edward. April, 1864, the family emigrated to the United States, living for a few months at Waukesha, Wis. During the summer of 1864 Mr. Matchan, leaving his family at Waukesha to follow later, started for Min- nesota in quest of a home, and in the fall of that year rented the farm of James Scofield, in the town of Roscoe, where his family joined him, remaining until the spring of 1866, and where was born to them another daughter, Laura. The summer and winter of 1866-7, they lived on the farm of T. D. Rowell, east of the village of Zumbrota, moving thence to the farm lying southwesterly from Zumbrota village, in the town of Roscoe, which Mr. Matchan had purchased in the fall of 1865 of Josiah Thompson, then living at Zumbrota. This farm consisted of 160 acres, for which he agreed to pay $800, paying $100 cash and $100 per annum, with interest at ten per cent. Here were born to them another daughter, Annie, and a son, Wesley. Many were the trials and great the discouragements encoun- tered before the final victory over debt and necessary farm bet- terments, but the good old farm yielded not only a comfortable George W Matchan Mrs. George W. Matcit ax HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUYTY 195 living for the family during all the years of its subjugation and improvement, but in response to good cultivation made possible the purchase of an additional eighty acres adjoining, at a much greater price per acre than its own first cost, and the building of a tine home in the village of Zumbrota, at a cost, including the lands, of over $5,000, to which the family, then consisting of himself, wife, Annie and Wesley, removed, remaining until the fall of 1906, when, because of declining years and health, he sold with the idea of purchasing a home of less size, where he and the wife and mother might pass the last years of their lifetime with the least care and responsibility. In this respect, however, his calculations were defeated. He died at the home of his daugh- ter, Mrs. Laura Secore, Red Wing, February 5, 1907. At the tillage home above mentioned, April, 1900, Mr. and Mrs. Matcham celebrated the fiftieth (golden) anniversary of their wedding, at which were in attendance all of their eight children, the wives of those married, all their grandchildren and most of their nephews and nieces, numbering in all fifty-five persons. Mr. Matchan from his early boyhood was identified with the Meth- odist church, being one of the few original organizers of the First Methodist Episcopal church at Zumbrota, with which he was identified as member, and in one and another official capac- ity, until the time of his death. Mr. Matchan was a man of positive character and intense conviction, clinging at all cost to the right, frowning publicly and privately upon that he con- sidered wrong. His word once given was sacred, and no incon- venience or sacrifice was too great for him to suffer that he might fulfill the simplest promise. He left surviving him five sons and three daughters, and his wife, Mary Ann. The oldest son, George L., is a prominent attorney residing at the city of Minneapolis. The second son, Robert D., a well known physician and surgeon, also resident of Minneapolis, where for two decades he lias continuously occupied the chair of surgery in the homeopathic department of the medical school of the State University of Minnesota. The third son, William, resides at Milton. N. D., Avliere he is engaged in the lumber and grain business. A daughter, Almira Osborne, resides at Payette, Idaho. Edward M. resides on the old home farm in Roscoe, where he is making good both as a farmer and citizen. Laura, wife of J. A. Secore, resides at the city of Anoka, where her hus- band occupied the important position of superintendent of the department of manual training in the public schools of that city. Annie, wife of Rupert Staiger, resides at Zumbrota, where they own their home and large grounds, which represent no inconsid- erable increment indicative of their thrift and future prosperity. Wesley G., the youngest of the eight, was a graduate of the 196 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY medical department of the State University, and for eight years and more until His death, occupied an envious position in his chosen profession in the city of Bismarck, capital of our sister state of North Dakota, where he died July 21, 1909, cut off be- fore reaching the prime of his manhood, for he was less than thirty-three years of age at the time of his death. lie had never- theless, by persistent effort and consistent living, attained a standing in his profession and in business and social circles of his home city, not often reached by men of maturer years, and because of his manly character and genial kindly nature, his death was mourned by the entire community, men, women and children, representing all walks in life, pausing at his bier for that last look of homage to the memory of their dead friend. The wife, mother, widow, now seventy-five years of age, residing at the old, new, village, Zumbrota, sad because of the loss of her loved ones, yet contentedly happy in the reflection of their vic- tories and in the possession of the respect, affection and love of all her living offspring, relatives and friends, which are legion. She still works while waiting, firmly secure in the knowledge, resulting from a life of practiced Christian faith and works, that the future holds for her only good, gleaning in her declining years the honey of the flower of a life well spent, basking in the sunshine of the hope of the meeting in that great beyond, where awaits for such as she, life eternal, and the “well done, thou good and faithful servant, enter thou into the joy of thy lord.” The homely, trustful, energetic, faithful life work of these two old Goodhue county pioneers will shine forth in the pages of this history of the achievements pf those who made Goodhue county what she is, in the galaxy of stars which make up the great state of Minnesota, as a guide for others here and to come, to whom is left the completion of a great work so inauspieiously begun. MINNEOLA TOWNSHIP. Minneola, originally a part of Zumbrota township, but organ- ized separately in June, 1860, comprises township 110, range 16, and is bounded on the north by Belle Creek, on the east by Zumbrota, on the south by Roscoe and on the west by Wana- mingo. It is crossed, east to west, by the north branch of the Zumbro, which is augmented along its winding course by springs and rivulets which supply the township with plenty of water, making the farms well adapted for agriculture and stock raising. The surface has great changes of level. The highest land is in the northwestern part of the town and the lowest is in the valley near the village of Zumbrota in the southeastern part. The changes, however, except in the immediate descents into the HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 197 Zumbro valley, are gradual, making in general an undulating surface. The soil is rich, deep and fertile. In several portions are a few natural groves of forest trees, and shade trees surround many of the houses, adding beauty and sheltering houses and barns from storms. The first claim in the township was made by Christian Peter- son on section 26 in May, 1855. Mr. Peterson erected a rude hut of brush, banked with sod, which did service during the summer while he was breaking the land and planting the first crop. In the fall he improved this habitation with the addition of some boards. In June of the same year John Mabee and A. C. Erstad arrived, and shared with Mr. Peterson the rigors of that first winter in what was practically an unbroken wilder- ness. Mabee located his claim on section 35, where he lived until the spring of 1856, when he returned to Norway. Erstad made his claim on section 26, and in 1856 occupied the deserted claim of Mabee, which he continued to make his home and where he later erected a beautiful residence. In 1856 there came a number of other settlers, among whom were Daniel Eames, the Swenson brothers and Julius Peck, and probably, according to an ancient authority, Andrew Christopherson as well. Mr. Peck had the distinction of having brought into the township the first pair of horses. Previous to this time oxen had been the only beasts of burden in the township, being used for plowing, for draught purposes, and even for conveying the pioneers from place to place. Daniel Fames died in 1859, his being the first death in the township. The first birth in the township was that of Eddi$ Crowell in 1857. Another early birth was that of a child to Albra Twombley, also in 1857. Church service was held by the Rev. Charles Shedd early in 1856, soon after his arrival. The first marriage was that of George Rees and Harriet Wightman, June, 1858. The first school was taught by Charles Locke in the home of Julius Peck. This school was supported by private subscription, there being at that time no regularly organized school district. 'A public school was taught by Mrs. Daniel Eames in her own house. A tragedy of the early days occurred in July, 1862. A violent thunder storm arose, during which time a bolt of lightning fell upon the house of A. J. Grover, striking the roof and parting, a portion of the electricity passing down the roof and the other portion to the person of Mrs. Grover, who was in a chamber, killing her instantly. The other persons in the house were not so seriously injured, though severely shocked. The house was also set on fire, but prompt assistance saved it from destruction. In 1856 a flouring mill was built by the Messrs. Nichols and Ford in the southeastern part of the town, on the Zumbro. 198 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Another mill was erected, probably by the Messrs. Nelson and Olson, about six miles above the first mill, located on the line between Minneola and Wanamingo. In 1867 the Norwegian Lutherans erected the first frame church, in the southeast corner of the township, at a cost of $3,500, with a seating capacity of about 500 people. The first minister was the Rev. B. A. Muus. The same denomination later built another large church in the northern part of the town. The Methodists organized a society in 1868. Later German Lutheran and German Methodist churches were organized. Rev. Mr. Walton preached an early sermon in the home of Daniel Eames. Mary Dickey was an early school teacher. In 1871 a schoolliouse was erected on section 23,- and was first taught in by John Aldrich. A company composed of Ezra Wilder, H. H. Palmer, T. P. Kellett and others built, in the early days, a large cheese factory on section 26, within the limits of this township. The township was first united with Zumbrota under one organization. The first supervisors were I. C. Stearns, T. D. Rowell and George Sanderson. In December, 1859, a notice was posted in several places, requesting the voters living in township 110, range 16, to meet on the fifteenth of that month at the resi- dence of Daniel Eames to take into consideration the expediency of a separate organization, choose a name for the town, and if deemed best, to elect the necessary officers for doing town busi- ness. At the meeting held in accord with the order, N. Mulliken was called to the chair and J. B. Locke chosen secretary. The pames of Paris and Minneola were presented for consideration. The latter was finally agreed upon as the name for the new organization. Minneola is an Indian term, signifying “much water.” There were thirty-two voters present, and it was de- cided to elect town officers. This election resulted in the follow- ing officers: Supervisors, J. B. Locke (chairman), Brant Thomp- son, J. Clark; clerk, R. Person; assessor, Henry E. Shedd; justices, A. J. Grover and N. Mulliken ; constables, W. B. Williams and E. L. Kingsbury. A. J. Grover and J. B. Locke were ap- ' pointed a committee to present this action to the county board. They did so, but the matter was deferred by that board until Loth townships could act on the matter. The township of Zum- brota, at its annual meeting in the spring of 1860, approved of the separation. The organization was perfected by a meeting held at the home of J. B. Locke June 18, 1860. The following men enlisted from Minneola during the Civil War; Charles Adams, Morgan Abel. Arthur Brown, Cyrus B. Chase, Steven G. Cady, John IT. Docker, Christ Eastman, Grinnell Fates, Hans Halvorson, Bottel Larson, Halvor Ockelbey, Claus Oleson, William N. Peck, Elizur Peck, Peter Peterson, Morris HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 199 Rees, Ole E. Strand, Torkel Swenson, Ole E. Strand, Lieutenant William B. Williams, David Wightman, Thomas Corcoran, Bap- tiste Cardingle, Joseph Delaney, Pierce Garvais, Baptiste Garvais, Francis A. Hamlin, Levi Label, Jr. , Horace W. Moore, John McWill- iams, AVilliam H. Nourse, Bonde Oleson, Erastus Pierce, Xavier Paul, Timothy Shearer, Charles Carter, Carl Schlenty, William Payne, Frank Stroback, Jacob Mosbrugger, Atlas Marshall, Ed- ward Trowbridge, Walter B. Boyd, Amos Eastman, Patrick Killen, Charles S. Spendley, Alfred B. Tyler, Peter Akers, August Beckard, AVilliam Plumb, Christopher L. Johnson, Lars Johnson, Martin Johnson, Barnt Thompson, William M. Farnham, Philip Sudheimer, Charles Strong. KENYON TOWNSHIP. Kenyon lies in the southeast corner of Goodhue county, and comprises township 112, range 18. It is the highest township in the county, and has an undulating surface which was originally almost wholly prairie. The north branch of the Zumbro flows through the northwestern part, and along this stream there are several groves of young trees. There are occasional small sloughs, with turf-peat, in the uplands, but in the summer seasons they are dry and furnish a coarse hay. Deep, fertile soil pre- vails generally throughout the township. As the early settlement was all in the northern and north- western part, the early history of the township and village is practically identical. In 1855 came a number of settlers, among them being L. A. Felt. Chris and Sever Halvorson, L. N. Bye, N. Hollenbeck and a man named Natice. These were soon followed by J. II. Day, Addison and E. B. Hilton, James Browley, S. A. Baker, Stephen Bullis, 0. S. Gunhus, 0. E. Erickson and AY. B. Burnham. Successive crops of untouched prairie grass had hard- ened the sward, and the early settlers had much difficulty in breaking the glebe. But they set to work with courage, and soon the wilderness was fruitful with the crops which the rich soil yielded. In May, 1856, James H. Day and James M. LeDuc claimed the land on which the village now stands, and subsequently two men named Howe and Hilton became part owners of the land. By these four men, the village was laid out and platted. James H. Day erected the first residence in June. 1856, and a store building was erected the same year. This was occupied by Crowley & Baker as a general store. Stephen Bullis built the first hotel in March, 1857, and during the same year a steam saw mill was constructed. Town and village are named from one of the early settlers. 200 HISTORY OP GOODHUE COUNTY The first death occurred in the summer of 1857, Lydia Gross being unable to withstand the rigors of pioneer life. The first birth was that of George, son of W. B. Burnham, born in the spring of 1857. The first marriage was that of Freeman Colla- more and Mary Bullis, in January, 1858. The first school was taught in the winter of 1857 by W. S. Bill, who also conducted the first religious services. According to the official lists, those who enlisted in the Civil War from Kenyon were: John Bury, David Bury, Frederick Bury, John Bury, Jr., Freeman F. Collamore, Ole Engerbretson, Austin P. Felt, Lieut. Roscoe Hilton, Clark Harding, Thomas L. Johnson, Lars Neilson, Ole Otterson, Albert Otterson, IJalvo Tolfson, Alvin H. Wiggins, Thomas Erickson, Claus Holst, Joseph Holst, Jacob Holst, C. D. Harding, Frederick Lachner, Lewis Mohler, B. E. Olin, Thomas II. Britton, Knut Otterson, Carl Han- son, T. R. Bullis, Simeon Elcock, William A. Parry, William II. Hill, Henry C. Collins, Peter Rourk, Peter Johnson, John Lind- quist, George Bossout, Andrew Some, John Muckenham, S. II. Bohannohn and William Stauehfield. The township was organized May 15, 1858, and the following officers were elected: • Supervisors, A. Hilton (chairman), S. Bul- lis and W. B. Burnham; town clerk, S. A. Baker; justices of the peace, J. II. Day and C. G. Averell; assessor, D. F. Harley; col- lector, L. A. Felt; constables, D. F. Harley and W. F. Clapp; over- seer of the poor, F. Day. Four churches supplied the religious demands of the people in the early days. In 1870, the Norwegian Lutherans erected on section 5, a stone church capable of seating 600 people. It was one of the congregations of the Rev. B. J. Muus. On section 7, another Norwegian Lutheran church, a stone building with a seating capacity of 400 people, was erected in 1872. The first Baptist church was organized May 4, 1867, with seven members. In 1873 the Rev. Mr. Dubois of the Episcopal church held service at the village and in 1875 an organization was perfected, with the following officers: Wardens, Dr. A. W. Hewitt and E. R. Marshall; vestrymen, S. A. Bullis, B. D. Bullis, William Elcock and William Turner. A church capable of holding 200 people was erected in 1875 and dedicated July 25, 1876. Originally the population of the township was largely Norwegian, and that of the village American, but at the present time Americans of Nor- Avegian descent or birth predominate throughout both town and village. Aside from the village of Kenyon, there are two stations in the township, both on the line of the Chicago and Great West- ern. They are Bakko and Skyberg. Kenyon Village lies thirty- five miles southwest of Red Wing on the Zumbro river and the C. G. W. and C., M. & St. Paul rail- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 201 ways. It is incorporated and has a population of 1,300. It lias three hotels, two banks, a creamery, a flour mill, three grain ele- vators, a canning factory, an electric light plant, water works, an opera house, a well equipped fire department, a good graded school. The churches are: The Episcopal, Baptist, Methodist, German Methodist, German Lutheran and Norwegian Lutheran. There are two weekly papers published, the Leader and the News. There are two telegraph companies, one express company, the Wells, Fargo & Co., and one telephone company. CHAPTER XV. TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGES. Pine Island Township and Village — Progressive and Prosperous — Roscoe — Stanton — Vasa — Wacoota — Wanamingo — Wana- mingo Village — Warsaw — Dennison Village — Welch. When the first hardy pioneers penetrated the wilderness as far as the site of the present village of Pine Island in the early fifties, they found a beautiful spot called by the Indians “Wa-zu- wee-ta,” which translated into English means “Island of Pines,” and here, owing to its natural advantages of wood and running water, combined with deep and fertile soil, the early settlers, in search of homes, stopped and built their cabins; and the erstwhile wilderness rapidly assumed the proportions of a center of civili- zation for a large surrounding country. The term “ Wa-zu-wee-ta,” or Island of Pines, referred to a strip of land on the south side of the river reaching from about where Main street now is well upon Newton’s hill, which was heavily timbered with stately white pines and was completely surrounded by a heavy growth of hardwood timber. This spot was a favorite resort of the Dakotah Indians, and here, in their skin tepees, they used to pass the cold months, sheltered from winter’s storms by the surrounding hills and the heavy timber, through which roamed untold numbers of deer and elk. The Indian name was so appropriate that it was retained, but . “Wa-zu-wee-ta,” or Island of Pines, was too large a mouthful for the taciturn pioneers and the name speedily became Pine Island. A pretty story is told of Chief Wacoota, then at the head of the Red Wing band of Dakotah Indians, that when he was asked by the United States commissioners to sign the treaty that would require his people to relinquish their homes on the Missis- sippi river, replied that he would willingly sign if he could have his future home at Pine Island. The town is located on sections 31 and 32 of township 109, range 15, and is as above indicated, the early settlers found a country heavily wooded, for the most part with hardwood timber and watered by the middle branch of the Zumbro, which divides in what is now the eastern part of the village, the north branch 202 HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 203 flowing directly through the town and the south branch passing the south. It is generally understood that II. B. Powers was the first man who came and built his cabin in this town in the year 1854. A close second was Josiah Haggard, a youth of nineteen or twenty years, who came the same spring, located a claim and built his cabin about where the residence of Dr. Charles Hill now stands. This claim was jumped by a man named Howard, and Haggard crossed the Zumbro and made his second claim of land now cov- ered by business blocks and residences. Moses Jewell and his son, Solomon, came the next fall and the former pre-empted the Haggard claim, the owner having made but a half-hearted at- tempt to fulfil the conditions of the law. Moses Jewell returned to Wisconsin for the winter, leaving here his son, Solomon, who has been a resident of the community almost continuously since that time and still owns a large tract of the original Moses Jewell pre-emption. Nelson Denison, another pioneer, pre-empted a claim farther east the same season and a large number of settlers arrived in that and the following seasons. Among these Giles and George Hayward. AY. S. Newton, J. A. Tarbox, Philip and Henry Tome, John Lee, John Clance, Sylvester Dickey, C. K. AYhite and others. Moses Jewell and family occupied a log house about where White street now crosses Main street, and there the first marriage took place between his daughter, Sarah, and A. B. Cron, July 13, 1856. although another marriage was solemnized at about the same time between II. B. Powers, the young settler, and Mary E. Miller. At about this time (autumn of 1856) the first school was organized in a log building about where the Citizens State Bank now stands, with Annette Seek as teacher. Other schools were established in the vicinity shortly afterward, among which was one taught by Thomas McManus. The first school building was erected the following year near the Geo. Paige residence on the north side of the river. John Salmon was the first preacher and held services at the homes of the settlers. The first child born in the community was Martha Cron, now Airs. S. P. Collins. The first death was that of Michael Horn in the winter of 1856. In 1856 Haggard & Hayward began the erection of a saw mill under the supervision of Rice Hamlin, a young Pennsylvania millwright, and the father of Charles and Henry Hamlin, who 'later became prominent in the affairs of the village. This mill was run in the early years by Lowry & Powers and about 200,- 000 feet of lumber was manufactured. In 1858, the mill was sold to A. J. Tarbox, and later passed into the possession of AY. AY. Cutshall. who continued to operate it until about 1902, when it v r as dismantled on account of the scarcity of saw timber. In 204 HI ST OB Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY the late sixties a steam hour mill was erected on the bank of the river below the saw mill by Tarbox & Jewell, but several years ago, after a checkered history, it was pulled down and the ma- chinery and lumber was sold. Another hour mill was built on the water power just below the confluence of the two branches of the Zumbro by a man named Jacobs and for a number of years did a flourishing business, but in 1876 it was burned and was never rebuilt. The dam was shortly afterward carried out and the land formerly covered by the waters of the mill pond have since be- come valuable for pasturage. Pine Island Village was surveyed and platted in the winter of 1856-57, on land owned by John Glance, Moses Jewell and J. A. Tarbox. For many years the principal business part of the vil- lage was on the north side of the river and grew rapidly to a flourishing business point. The business portion of the village, however, gradually moved southward, until at the present time nearly all the business houses of the village are on the south side of the river. The first hotel was built by E. Denison in 1857 and old settlers still remember how the ladies of the village plied their needles for days to supply the new hotel with the necessary bed and table linen. John Lee had previously built a hotel on the old St. Paul- Dubuque road near where Poplar Grove church now stands and the landlord was also postmaster of the place, but the fact of the existence of the hotel or postoffice is now scarcely remembered. The early settlers received their scanty mail from Oronoco, where a settlement had existed for a number of years, but in 1856 a postoffice was established with John Clance as postmaster. J. A. Tarbox, Jas. McManus, S. S. Worthing, Fletcher Hagler, Chas. Parker, Henry Hamlin, Henry Tome and George H. Tome have since held this responsible position, the last named gentleman be- ing the present incumbent. The war history of the village and the country immediately surrounding it, could it be written in full, would make interest- ing reading. It has been said, probably with more or less justice, that Pine Island has furnished more soldiers to the government in proportion to the size of the place, than any town in the coun- try. Be that as it may, it is a fact that of the Minnesota regi- ments which took part in the Civil war and the Sioux war of 1863-4. Pine Island was liberally represented in all, with the possible exception of the Ninth Infantry, while a number enlisted with Wisconsin regiments. Again in 1898 the young men of Pine Island responded to call to arms, and a few found soldiers’ graves in distant lands. In the spring of 1878 the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 205 Company built a branch line through the village, giving the peo- ple of the village and surrounding country much needed trans- portation facilities. In the early days the only means of trans- portation was by wagon over the rough country roads, and the nearest markets were Red "Wing and Lake City on the river. In 1902 the Great Western Railroad Company, having purchased the Duluth, Red Wing and Southern railroad from Reel Wing to Zumbrota, extended the line through this place to Rochester, con- necting with their line at that place, so that at present the rail- road service enjoyed by the people of this vicinity is nearly all that could be desired. In the spring of 1878 the village of Pine Island was incorporated and separated from the township. The first council to serve the village was composed of the following: President, Charles Hill; trustees, Messrs. Dickey, Thompson and Lowery ; recorder, G. IT. Glidden. In 1899 the people voted bonds, in the sum of $6,000 and installed an excellent system of water- works. Water is obtained from a well drilled in the solid rock and located beneath the mill power house and power for pump- ing is obtained from the mill power engine. The water mains have since been extended so as to afford city water and fire pro- tection to nearly every portion of the village. An electric light plant was installed at the mill in 1899 by Loomis F. Irish and electricity is now being used in all parts of the village, both for public and private lighting. The year 1900 saw the beginning of the present excellent telephone system, when Thomas LI. Bunn put in a small switchboard and built a few miles of line. The system has grown rapidly and now penetrates all parts of the village and many miles into the surrounding country in all direc- tions. Pine Island is justly proud of its schools. From the log shack of 1857 the school moved to a brick school building erected in 1864, built on the site of the present school building, but this building was outgrown and a commodious wooden building took its place, in 1883. This building served its purpose admirably for many years, but the school again outgrew its quarters and in 1904 an additional bpilding of brick was erected at a cost of $10,500. This building furnishes, quarters for the high school and the seventh, eighth and ninth grades, library, gymnasium, labora- tories and several class rooms. Out from these schools a number of men and women have gone who have attained a high place in the work of the world. A feAv notable examples are a United States diplomatic representative now stationed in Spain, a, representative in Congress, a professor at Harvard Uni- versity, several men in the United States civil service, and teach- ers of both sexes in large numbers. The village boasts of over forty business places, including two banks, two grain elevators. 206 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY several general stores, a creamery and a roller mill, the latter in- stitution being built in 1895 by Bidwell & Doty, and now owned and operated by Loomis E. Irish, In the spring of 1909 the electors of the village voted munici- pal bonds in the sum of $3,000 to be used toward the construction of a new city hall, and the building was finished in October of the same year at a cost of about $12,000. It is a fireproof structure 40x60 feet in size and contains a large hall, fire station, jail, coun- cil rooms, etc., and is withal a fine structure and admirably situated to the needs of the village. The fire department consists of about forty officers and men under Chief J. A. Kaiserlik, divi- ded into three companies, and thoroughly equipped with fire fighting apparatus.- Ralph W. Holmes. PINE ISLAND TOWNSHIP. Pine Island is in the southeast corner of Goodhue county, com- prises township 109, range 15, and is bounded on the north by Zumbrota, on the east by. "Wabasha county, on the south by Olm- sted county and on the west by Roscoe. The valley of the Zum- bro, in the southern part, is a mile wide. In the early days the northern and southwestern portions were heavily timbered, and much of this timber has been allowed to remain standing. The geologic formations of this township differ materially from the rest of the county, but like its neighboring Goodhue county town- ships, its soil is rich, and its farmers consequently prosperous. The superior advantages of wood and running water, combined with rich rolling prairie land, naturally attracted a large number of settlers in the early days, and even previous to this, the place had been a favorite resort of the Indians. The men who enlisted in the Civil War from Pine Island were : Edward Ash. Jr., William C. Ackerman, Silver Austin, John Bump, Benjamin II. Briggs, Norval Bishop, Ole P. Burg, Calvin B. Clark, S. P. Corning. William B. Chandler, Capt. Otis S. Clark, Edward V. Dickey, Ed DoAvling, Jasper W. Dickey, William B. Dickey, Henry Detmaring, Sylvester Pox, Peter E. Fladlang, Marseilles Glazier, John Goodman, Philip S. Hamlin, Charles C. Hardy, John T. Hardy, William S. Hackins, William IT. Halstead. James L. Hurley, N. N. Hardy, William B. Kitchell, C. A. Kirk- man, Joshua C. Kitchell, A. K. Kirkman, William Krapp, G. B. D. Leighton, Richard McGee, D. Metselder, S. W. Miller, N. D. Mar- ble, S. M. Mommans. William II. McGee, E. W. Maynard, Capt. Orlando Morehouse, E. W. Maxwell, J. C. Miller, Lieut. Edward O’Brien, Milo Parker, John P. Peterson, Simeon W. Rowe, D. C. Ressegriere, C. A. Sumner, John Shanbolt, Fletcher A. Sheldon. Lieut. II. M. Stanton, Joel E. Sampson, Geo. AY. Smith, Frank HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 207 Snyder, Benjamin Streethers, Tacitus Streethers, George H. Suits, John Sneyder, Sanform Summers, Jesse E. Smith, William Seag, Joel N. Sheldon, George Tilden, L. G. Thompson, Capt. W. W. Wilson, William S. Wills, Peter Anderson, Marshall Hickock, J. F. Bateman, Benjamin IT. Briggs, J. A. Cutshall, William H. Hal- stead, Abraham ITubbs, Cyrus B. Chase, E. W. Maynard, Lieut. Fletcher ITagler, Emerson Harris, Tacitus Strutins, Daniel Eddy, Albert Harrison, James Pratt, Thomas Campbell, John Mohr, Daniel Hobbs, James M. Pettengill, Horace M. Johnson, Joseph Ahnermann, Ira Bateman, Franklin Buma, Conrad Durst, C. D. Dickey, John Eddie, Elias R. Kain, Henry Momany. Following is a resume of the officers of the township of Pine Island during the first twenty years of its existence : At the first annual election, held May 11, 1858, soon after the township was constituted, there were elected: Supervisors, C. R. White, J. C. Miller, E. D. White; clerk, J. A. Tarbox; collector, G. F. Nye ; assessor, John Harper; jusl^ce of the peace, J. S. Pierce; overseer of the poor, Moses Jewell ; constables, G. F. Nye, S. Demming. There were elected at the second annual meeting, April 5, 1859: Supervisors, Oscar E. Smith, Edmond White, W. S. Newton; clerk, Harrison M. Stanton ; assessor, S. P. Hardy : overseer of the poor, Moses Jewell; collector, G. F. Nye. At the third annual meeting, held April 3, 1860, there were elected : Supervisors, Sylvester Dickey, Nelson D. Marble, John Harper ; clerk, PI. M. Stanton ; superintendent of schools, Dr. Charles Hill ; assessor William Krapp ; treasurer, Peter Momany; justice of the peace, S. S. Worthing; constables, James Pratt, J. D. Ells. July 13, 1860, 0. Morehouse was appointed assessor, vice William Krapp, resigned. At the fourth annual meeting, held April 2, 1861, there were elected : Supervisors, Otis S. Clark, William Mead, Oscar A. Dickey ; clerk, IT. M. Stanton ; assessor, Calvin P. Clark ; treas- urer, Peter Momany; justices of the peace, Thomas McManus, William S. Haskins; constable, Jacob C. Cook; pound master, Truman Parker. April 8, 1861, PI. M. Stanton was appointed town superintendent of schools. April 15, 1861, J. C. Dickey Avas appointed assessor, vice C. P. Clark, resigned. At the fifth annual meeting, held April 1, 1862, there were elected: Super- visors, Henry Ahneman, C. C. Robinson, P. S. Felton ; clerk, Thomas McManus; assessor, Henry Plarper; treasurer, Jasper W. Dickey ; justices of the peace, Thomas McManus, Peter Momany ; constables, J. C. Cook, John Salmon; pound master, Moses Jewell. At the sixth annual meeting, held April 7, 1863, there were elected : Supervisors, William P. Hall, J. C. Miller, L. W. Holman ; clerk, S. S. Worthing; assessor, Henry Ahneman ; treasurer, Jere- miah Wheeler; constable, S. Demming. At the seventh annual meeting, held April 5. 1864. there were elected : Supervisors, Mar- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY jus tin Tarbox, Alexander Freeman, W. E. Nichols; clerk, Thomas McManus; assessor, Henry Almeman ; treasurer, Sylvester Dickey; justices of the peace, Thomas McManus, W. S. Newton; constables, J. C. Cook, H. F. Emery. On January 28, 1865, S. S. Worthing was appointed town clerk vice Thomas McManus. At the eighth annual election, held April J, 1865, there were elected: Supervisors, Henry Ahneman, J. CL Miller, W. S. Newton ; clerk, D. F. Woodward; assessor, Henry Ahneman; treasurer, Sylvester Dickey; justices of the peace, D. F. Woodward, P. S. Fenton; constables, George W. Swarthout, William Mead. At the ninth annual meeting, held April 3, 1866, there were elected: Super- visors, Lyman Clark, W. C. Newton, E. L. Swartout; clerk, Hervy G. Clark ; assessor, Henry Ahneman ; treasurer, W. M. Thomp- son ; justices of the peace, D. F. Woodward, H. Ahneman; con- stables, J. W. Palmer, James Pratt. At the tenth annual meeting held April 2, 1867. there were elected: Supervisors, Sylvester Dickey, C. C. Robinson, George W. t Hayward ; clerk, Hervy G. Clark; assessor, Oscar E. Smith; treasurer, J. C. Dickey; con- stable, J. C. Cook. At the eleventh annual meeting, held April 7, 1868, there were elected : Supervisors, Charles FI. Leavitt, J. W. Dickey. George A. Hayward ; clerk, II. G. Clark ; assessor, W. C. Crandall; treasurer, S. S. Worthing; justices of the peace, D. F. Woodward, Thomas FI. Cooper; constables, William Hunter, James K. Roberts. At the twelfth annual meeting, held April 6, 1869, there were elected: Supervisors, D. L. B. Farrington, E. L. Swartout, J. W. Dickey; clerk, Charles L. Flubbs; assessor, W. C. Crandall; treasurer, S. S. Worthing; justices of the peace. C. H. Leavitt, D. F. Woodward; constables, A. G. Atlia, 0. N. Page. May 16. 1870, G. W. Page was appointed town clerk, vice F. D. Worthing, resigned. At the fourteenth annual meeting, held March 14, 1871, there were elected: Supervisors, William N. Thomson, 0. E. Smith, James Parker; clerk, George W. Page; assessor, W. C. Crandall ; treasurer, S. S. Worthing; justice of the peace, Henry Ahneman. May 2, 1871, P. S. Fenton was duly ap- pointed supervisor, vice 0. E. Smith, who failed to qualify. At the fifteenth annual meeting, held March 12, 1872. there were elected : Supervisors, Thomas E. Cooper, Flenry Degener, Arthur Haunsinger; clerk, George W. Paige; treasurer, S. S. Worthing; assessor. W. C. Crandall ; justices of the peace, W. E. Sergeant, Henry Ahneman; constable, L. D. Hart. March 23, 1872, Joseph Ahneman was appointed constable for the remainder of the year. May 29, 1872, G. W. Paige was appointed assessor, vice Crandall, who failed to qualify. March 1, 1873. James Parker was appoint- ed chairman of the board of supervisors, vice Cooper, resigned. At the sixteenth annual meeting, held March 11, 1873, there were elected : Supervisors, C. IT. Leavitt. James Parker. P. S. Fenton ; HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 209 clerk, G. W. Paige. The official record for 1873 is incomplete; no one living remembers the remainder of the officers that year. At the seventeenth annual meeting, held March 10, 1874, there were elected : Supervisors, James Parker, John Mohr, Matthias P. Ringdahl; clerk. G. W. Paige; assessor, G. W. Paige; treasurer, S. S. Worthing; justices of the peace, AY. E. Sergeant and H. Ahneman; constables, F. D. AYorthing and Henry Tome. John Mohr failing to qualify, an- appointment board' met March 28, 1874, and Henry Ilahneman was appointed supervisor in his place. At the eighteenth annual meeting, held March 10, 1875, there were elected : Supervisors, James Parker, Plenry Ahneman, M. P. Ringdahl ; clerk. G. W. Paige ; assessor, G. AA T . Paige ; treasurer, S. S. AYorthing; poundmaster, Henry Ahneman. At the nine- teenth annual meeting, held March 14, 1876, there were elected: Supervisors, C. H. Leavitt, Giles Hayward, Thomas Halloway; clerk. A. H. Kellogg ; assessor, Ladd Robie ; treasurer, II. T. Per- kins; justices of the peace, Henry Ahneman, Fletcher Hagler; constables. Henry Tome, Charles Dickinson. May 1, 1876, Charles Edison was appointed assessor, vice Ladd Robie, who failed to qualify. At the twentieth annual meeting, held March 13, 1877, there were elected : Supervisors, Charles IT. Leavitt ; Thomas Hal- loway, Knut Clementson; clerk, A. H. Kellogg; treasurer, H. T. Perkins; assessor, Charles Edison; poundmaster, J. C. Dickey. July 6, 1877. IT. S. Perkins was appointed to the office of town treasurer, vice II. T. Perkins, deceased. At the twenty-first an- nual meeting, held March 12, 1778, there were elected: Super- visors. E. L. Swartout, George Newhouse, Geo. Reinhart ; clerk, A. H. Kellogg ; treasurer, A. B. Cron ; assessor, Charles Edison ; justices of the peace. Fletcher Hagler, Henry Ahneman; con- stables. Henry Tome, IT. A. Perkins. ROSCOE TOWNSHIP. Roscoe comprises township 109, range 16, and is bounded on the east by Pine Island, on the south by Dodge county, on the. west by Cherry Grove and on the north by Minneola. The south- eastern part is cut up into lots and is practically a suburb of Pine Island village. In natural features Roscoe very closely resembles the township of Pine Island. It has fine prairie lands, somewhat elevated in the north and descending in rolling undu- lations to the valley of one of the branches of the Zumbro in the south. The drainage is through the Zumbro and its branches in the south and a few creeks in the north. In the southern part of the township are tracts wooded with white and burr oak, sugar maple, elm and poplar. With running water, fine timber and 210 I-IISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY deep prairie soil, it made a most desirable place for the location of the early settlers. James Haggard and W. Wilson came in 1851. Their claims were on section 5, where they erected cabins and prepared for permanent settlement. Wilson, however, after some time, returned to his old home in the East, and Haggard, discouraged by the burning of his cabin, went to Brown county, where he became a prominent citizen. Shortly after the coming of Hag- gard and Wilson there arrived Simon Sackett, D. F. Stevens and II. D. Devoe. They were followed the next year by Fletcher Hagler, J. R. Good, David Coleman, J. Rutherford, William Farnam, Alexander Long, P. G. Wilson, William Fry, T. D. Hall and J. J. Hagler. Fletcher Hagler, above named, had his claim where the village of Roscoe now stands. He built the first frame dwelling in the township and served as postmaster, but afterward became one of the poineers of Pine Island. Oliver Webb, a lineal descendant of the Pilgrims, came in 1856. John C. Hepner, for many years the village blacksmith, came the same year and built a blacksmith shop. Among others who came at about the same time were two brothers named Dickinson, B. W. Halliday, G. G. McCoy, H. B. Powers and Charles Dana. The latter named the town from the township of Roscoe, Illinois, where he had previously lived. In 1856 Messrs. Hagler and Good built and stocked a store for general merchandise. This store was kept in operation about two years and then discontinued on account of the financial depression. In the spring of 1856 the same company had a village plat surveyed and the blocks and streets laid out. It never, however, reached the gigantic proportions of which the proprietors so fondly dreamed, although the proprietors helped all they could by getting a hotel built and a postoffice started. An early history says: “These pioneers experienced their full share of the hardships incident to the opening and settling of a new community. At once time Mrs. Stevens, the mother of D. F. Stevens, having sent her son to Dubuque for household supplies, relates that for two months she did not look upon the face of a white person except that of her young daughter; and the only bread they had to eat was made from corn given her by the Indians and ground by herself in a coffee mill.” The first, religious services in the town were held at the home of Mrs. Stevens in the fall of 1854, the Rev. John Salmon offici- ating. The first church organization took place in the school- house at Roscoe in the spring of 1857. The first Sunday school was organized in 1858, and Loren Webb, son of Oliver Webb, was the first superintendent. In the spring of 1855 Mrs. Haskell Burch, while living in a covered wagon, awaiting the completion HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 211 of a better habitation, gave birth to twins, being the first white children to see the light of day in the township. H. C. Emery .and Mrs. Mahala Sackett were the first couple united in matri- mony, the ceremony being performed in July, 1856. The first death occurred the same year, that of AYilliam Fry. The first school, erected in 1857, was taught by Annette Leek the same year. J. T. Mitchell, who came in 1856, assisted in starting a pioneer school on the southeast corner of section 11, later known as McCoy’s district. This school was first taught by Sophia Blanchard, in the spring of 1858. Miss Blanchard afterward became Mrs. John Gove. The township settled up rapidly. The predominating people in the town are now Americans of Norwegian descent or birth. There are also many residents of Swedish and German birth or descent, and there still remain a few of the descendants of the old eastern families, but these latter for the most part have moved away. The town is pre-eminently one of prosperity, rich land, beautiful homes, and a progressive, contented people. The second generation is for the most part well educated, and the third generation is making rapid strides in the public schools. Two calamities which occurred in the early days have fixed themselves firmly in the minds of the people. The first hap- pened in 1860. Jeremiah Ray, one of the pioneers, had followed the rush of the gold seekers to Pike’s Peak, leaving his wife and children. Pie prospered in his new location and was contemplat- ing sending for his family, when ocurred the sad accident which robbed him of his recently-born twins. In the month of June the family residence 'was struck by lightning, and at once burst into flames. Mary Jane Shields, a girl living in the household, succeeded in getting Mrs. Ray and the two older children out of the house. Mrs. Ray, however, although still ill, saw that her twins had not been saved and rushed back into the house. Blinded by smoke and weak as she was, she was unable to rescue the babies, and they perished in the flames. George Lantz, after escaping the murderous rain of shot and shell on the battlefields of the Civil War, perished in the following manner: In the winter of 1865-66 he went to Mantorville, Dodge county, about twelve miles from his home, on horseback, and returning in the evening a blizzard met him. AYhile passing through a grove of timber he was warned of his danger and told that it was prac- tically impossible for him to reach home. He persevered, how- ever, and was found frozen to death the next morning within a few rods of his own home. He had reached a fence, and in endeavoring to climb over made a misstep and fell back, to rise no more. The horse was found at a neighbor’s barn. It is supposed that he let the horse go, hoping that by walking he HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 212 might induce sufficient circulation to keep warmth aud life in his body until he could reach his house. The first town meeting was held May 11, 1858, with the result that officers were elected as follows: Supervisors, Oliver Webb (chairman), James Mann, N. S. Libby; clerk, William Sackett; justices of the peace, Fletcher Hagler, James Mann; collector, J. S. Wickham; assessor, J. T. Mitchell; overseer of the poor, Horace Barber; constables, E. P. Penney, J. R. Good. Among the early supervisors were: Oliver Webb, G. G. McCoy, J. B. Dorman (two terms), Reuben Freeman, J. T. Mitchell, C. W. Libby, J. T. Mitchell (two terms), F. Hagler, B. W. Halliday. Among the early town clerks were William Sackett (four terms), James Green, S. W. Rice, L. II. Rice (four terms), H. L. Holmes. Roscoe’s contribution to the Civil War ranks was as follows: R. C. Barnes, E. II. Drake, Norman Dickinson, Jerry B. Getman, E. A. Hodge, II. L. Holmes, E. L. Ives, A. J. Johnson, E. P. Kin- caid, John M. Lee, Josiah Lothrop, David N. Lake, Samuel Maine, Captain G. G. McCoy, Ormando Merrifield, Edmund Parker, Andrew N. Perkins, Elton C. Parker, Joseph Pickering, Silas W. Rice, Amos G. Scofield, George S. Scofield, David B. Scofield, Joseph Townsend, G. W. Van Sydle, M. L. Webb, Captain L. A. Webb, Richard Waterman, Lars Kesphol, D. W. Abbey, Orris Fox, James Shield, Alfred Collins, William Shield, John Peterson, Hermon Perkins, Lyman J. Ward, Marion Blacker, William H. Shadwell, Charles Cade, Orlando Freeman, Lewis Freeman, George Fox, William Iiemenway, Amos B. Mitchell, Francis Sackett, Pythagorus Wilson, William Bleedon, John Buhler, Rich- ard Dressel, John Doyle, Thomas Devine, John Dolchy, Frederick Hamman, John Kreubeng, Frank Kuntz, Swan P. Peterson, Jacob Rosch, John Schugg, Fred Scliaunberg, George Gortman and Benjamin Light. Roscoe Center was founded in 1858. At that time it was known as Sunapee, and Truman Parker was appointed post- master. The name was changed to Roscoe Center in 1863. At this point is now a small settlement, and here also is the Nor- wegian Lutheran church, a commodious structure capable of seating 500 people. Roscoe village is also a hustling little settlement. The post- office is now discontinued and mail is received by the Zumbrota R. F. D. No. 4. The village is thirty-two miles southwest of Red Wing and eight miles southwest from Zumbrota. STANTON TOWNSHIP. Stanton consists of that portion of township 112, range 18, lying in Goodhue county. It is divided into river terrace and upland, the greater portion of it being the former. There are HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 213 two, and in some places three, distinct terraces, which are prac- tically level, extending along both sides of Prairie creek and the Cannon river. The latter valley is frequently more than a mile w r ide, and embraces large and valuable farms. The upland is undulating and has a soil similar to that of the terraces, although its sub-soil is usually clayey rather than gravelly. There is timber along some portions of the Little Cannon and sparsely along the banks of Prairie creek. The section along this creek is broad and beautiful, bordered by the higher prairie lands, which renders it picturesque and charming to all who behold it. The township is bounded on the north by Cannon river, which separates it from Dakota county, on the east by Cannon Falls, on the south by Warsaw and on the west by Dakota county. Stanton was the original name applied to this township, but at its organization it Avas changed to Lillian, Stanton not haAdng proved acceptable to the state authorities. It was later, however, changed back to Stanton, the name being given in honor of William Stanton, Sr., one of the earliest settlers. The township Avas originally a New England settlement, most of the pioneers being natives of Vermont and of Puritan ancestry. Some moved further Avest, but many of them remained, and their descendants still live on the original farms. Late in the fall of 1854 John and George Seasons made claims on the Little Cannon in the eastern part of the township. Soon after, Jonathan and Alonzo Dibble and William Thomas settled near them. In 1855 came the real influx of immigration, when a party of New Englanders arrived from Wisconsin, where they had previously made a settlement. The party consisted of Nor- man Daniels, William Stanton, Sr., William Stanton, Jr., Robert Deakin, Samuel Daniels and George Gould. There were also a number of others in the party, as well as the families of those mentioned. In the fall of the same year Peter Fagen and Hugh Wooden, with the father and tAvo sisters of the latter, settled here, but one by one the entire family of the AYoodens died, leaving no survivors. The first death Avas that of Mrs. George Seasons. The mar- riage rites Avere performed for the first time for George Gould and Experience Daniels, in October, 1855. The first religious services in the town Avere held in the winter of 1855-56, at the house of William Stanton, Sr., Rev. J. W. Hancock, of Red Wing, officiating. William Cleveland taught the first school. Rev. Hancock says: “The log house built by William Stanton, Sr., near the road leading to Faribault from the nearest Mississippi towns, was for several years the only place for the entertainment of travelers between Cannon Falls and the further West. Mr. Stanton’s latch string Avas always hanging out, and every civil- 214 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY appearing stranger was welcome to such accommodation as lie had. He frequently entertained fifty persons the same night. Not many of those who came to settle at that time Avere able to have good sized log houses. Sod houses and board shanties were common. The years which have passed since then have brought great changes.” In the early days there were two flouring mills, one owned by Messrs. Bailey and Collins on the Big Cannon, and the other by Messrs. Wilcox and Archibald on the Little Cannon. The latter, known as the Oxford flouring mill, was burned several years ago. The Methodist Episcopal church was built in 1874 on section 32. It is 28x44 and cost $2,000. The Oxford Methodist church was completed in June, 1873, size 26x40. These churches were the first in the township. Stanton’s contribution to the Civil War was as follows : Jonathan Clifford, Ezra Cornell, Emanuel Deaken, Daniel Good- hue, William Goucly, John W. Gould, Samuel Gould, Charles Goodhue, L. B. Hat, Hiram Hoffstetter, Whitney Jewell, Elisha A. Jackson, John AY. Moore, AY. IT. McDonald, William E. Poe, Jonathan S. Poe, Reby S. Philbert, James L. Scofield, Charles M. Scofield, Edwin Season, Sylvester Trusdell, Edward Thomas, Joseph Thomas, Elijah T. Thomas, Gilbert Trusdell, Charles Vier- kent, Edmund Deaken, John Chase, James Strange, Otis B. Bailey, James Babb, Jr.. David Denny, Henry Drought, Patrick Quinlan, Eli Marsh, Andrew Norelius, William Harrison, August Kaunlke, Reinhart Reibath. Stanton is a station on the Chicago & Great Western railroad, in Stanton township, twenty-five miles southwest of Red Wing. It has a hotel, postoffice, a church, schoolhouse and several places of business. Oxford Mills is situated on the Little Cannon, and here were located the Oxford flouring mills. Here are now a Methodist church, residences and other buildings. Cascade is a settlement in the northwestern part of the township. 4 VASA TOWNSHIP. Vasa is the center of the Swedish settlement in Goodhue- county. The township comprises all of township 112, range 16, and all of that part of township 113, range 16, that lies south of the Cannon river. It is bounded on the north by the Cannon river, which separates it from the town of AYelch, on the east by Featherstone, on the south by Belle Creek and on the west by Cannon Falls. Belle creek crosses the township from south to north and flows into the Cannon river. The surface is some- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 215 what broken or rolling, bnt the soil is excellent. Sections 19, 30 and 31 constitute a high table land. To this rich land, in 1853, came S. J. Willard, Colonel Hans Mattson, Charles Roos, Gustaf Kemp and Peter Green. They all made claims and Roos and Kemp stayed through the winter, the other returning to Red Wing to find work until the spring of 1854, when they began in earnest to build homes and to break the soil. A few accessions were made to the colony that year, and one of them, whose name is now forgotten, died soon after his arrival. This was the first death, and his mortal remains were tenderly and reverently conveyed to their last resting place in the land he had crossed the ocean to look upon but which he did not live to enjoy. The first marriage celebrated was that of Hans Mattson and Cherstie Peterson, November 21, 1855. A school Avas taught here in the fall of 1856 by a Mr. Button. Another was taught in the SAvedish language by James Engberg. Meetings were held on the Sabbath and Lutheran church services read by Hans Mattson until the minister arrived. Vasa is named from Gustavus Vasa, the Christian king of SAveden, who established the Lutheran religion in his kingdom. Since the first settlement, Vasa has been famed far and near, and its reputation is nationwide as the home of Dr. E. Norelius. the venerable patriarch of the Swedish Lutheran Evangelical church. The story of the early days of Vasa is told by Dr. Norelius, Colonel Hans Mattson and S. J. Willard in another chapter of this history. Vasa township Avas organized in 1858, and its area has remained unchanged since that date. The first officers Avere r Supervisors, Charles Himmelman (chairman), Charles Charleson, Nils Peterson; clerk, SAvante J. Willard; assessor. Nils SAvanson ; collector, John Sundell; overseer of the poor, Matts Mattson; constables. Nils Johnson Erick Anderson; justices of the peace, T. Granvill Person, Franklin Morrison; OA r erseers of roads, SAvan P. Peterson, Gustus Carlson and William F. Fessenden. Among the early officers of the township Avere : Chairmen of supervisors — 1858, Charles Himmelman; 1859. William F. Fessen- den; 1860, 1861. 1862, T. G. Pearson; 1863, A. P. Wilson; 1864, Lars Mattson; 1865. A. G. Anderson; 1866, John Hakanson; 1867. 1868, 1869, A. G. Anderson. ToAvn clerks— 1858, S. J. Willard; 1859, John Norelius; 1860, S. J. Willard; 1861, 1862. A. B. Lester; 1863, Charles Himmelman; 1864, 1865, John Wiekey; 1866. 1867, 1868, T. G. Pearson; 1869, J. W. Peterson. According to the official list of the adjutant general, the follow- ing men Avho enlisted in the Civil War gave Vasa as their homer Olof Anderson, John A. Anderson, Nils Abrahamson, Charles M. 216 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Yates, Frank Carlson, Victor Freeman, George Washington, George AAR Knight, George Bohinback, Ben Benson, Charles R. Cltarleson, Charles M. Beers, Halvor Ekeland, Olaf Fahlin, Peter Johnson, John Johnson, John Larson, John Monson, John P. Ofelt John F. Olson, Paul Paulson, Nils Ringdahl, Charles Roos, Gustav Swenson, Charles J. Sun dell, Jonas Swan, John Stiee, Charles Gustavson, John IJokason, Ivan Salmonson, Reuben Taylor, Con- rad Windhusen, Eder B. Pelles, Carl Bruhn, John Hershberger, Robert A 7 . Langdon, H. F. Merriman, S. L. Merriman, Harvey Ward, Michael McGrath, Felix Hills, Joseph McNally, Iloration Vaughn, Carl Sehroske, Ephraim Dudley, Benjamin Burgess, Charles Berlin, John Dablow, Joseph Griffin, Patrick Ilefferman, Lafayette Leavitt, Matt Mattson, Thomas McDonald, Ole Oleson, Charles Oleson, Olin AAUltse, Olin K. Ryalan, George Blake, Peter Dressell, Henry G. Henderson, Henry Luhring and Frederick Ressert. Vasa village has a population of about 300. It is the only postoffice in the county that is not situated on a railroad, its shipping points being Red Wing, Welch and Cannon Falls. Swe- dish Lutheran and Methodist churches supply the religions de- mands of the people, and a creamery, feed mill and two stores add to its industrial importance. Here is also located the Orphan’s Plome. WACOOTA TOWNSHIP. Wacoota township preserves the name of the chief whom the white men found in charge of the Indian band at Red AVing in the late forties and early fifties. His name, Wah-coo-tay, variously translated as Waueouta, Daeouta and Waccota, means the “Shooter,” or “Leaf Shooter,” literally the “Shooter of the Leaves of the Indigenous Pines.” The township of Wacoota consists of a few sections lying along the Mississippi river at the head of Lake Pepin. It has many hills and bluffs, but in the valleys are many fine farms. The first white settler, George AA r . Bullard, arrived about 1850, bringing Abner AAL Post, who built for him the first house erected in the township. Bullard had a license from the United States government to trade with the Indians. This gave him some rights upon the Indian lands, which at that time were not opened to the whites ; but although he did enjoy some Indian trade, the larger part of His customers were lumbermen from across the river. In May, 1852, even before the signing of the treaty, the influx of immigration started. In 1853 Bullard and Post erected a sawmill, the first west of the Mississippi river, it is believed. A village was platted, and for a time it looked as HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 217 though Wacoota, commanding, as it does, the head of the lake, was to become a great and important city. Up to 1854 travelers were entertained at the home of Mr. Bullard. The increasing travel and the number of lumbermen who arrived caused a demand for a hotel, and during that year one was erected by J. B. Smith. This hotel was afterward removed to Mt. Pleasant, in Wabasha county, and did service as a residence for the Rev. Mr. Williams. In 1855 Daniel Saunders built another hotel, which in 1864 was removed to the township of Featlierstone, where it was converted into a dwelling house for the Rev. Ezra Tucker. These two hotels in 1857 Avere found to be insufficient for the demand. The village became a headquarters for lumber- men, and at this point were rafted the logs from the pineries further north. So prosperous Avere the people at this point that they contested with Red Wing for the location of the county seat, and but for the cleverness of the Red Wing voters, might have got it. Bullard, wishing to get his full share of the moneys AAdiich Avas pouring into Wacoota, erected a third hotel in the village in 1857. This building Avas 40x60 feet and furnished in good style. After the tide had turned and the flood of business had gone to other places, Bullard sold this hotel to Messrs. Tibbetts & Hackett, of Lake City, who removed it to that place in the Avinter on the ice. With the adA r ent of the Civil AVar more than one-half of the legal voters enlisted. After the war was over the glory of Wacoota had departed ; and today it remains not the proud and populous county seat that had been fondly dreamed, but a quiet rural community, Avhose prosperous- farmers do their trading in that city which Wacoota at one time- hoped to rUal. AVaeoota village is now a station on the Chicago, Milwaukee- & St. Paul railroad. About three-quarters of a mile from the railroad station, after passing through a small grove, one arrives at Vivian Park, at. the head of Lake Pepin. ' Here the waters of the great river expand into a Avicle and deep basin, which has all the attributes of a great lake, Avhose Avaters are still except when stirred by the Avincl. There, on the high ground over- looking the lake, have been built a number of cottages, Avliere- many • families go to spend the hot summer months amid the refreshing scenery and bracing breezes. The first birth in Wacoota Avas in the family of G. W. Bullard, in 1852. The same child died in 1854, this being the first death in the township. The .first marriage was that of Joseph F. Thompson and Melissa Pingrey, in 1855, James B. Smith, a justice of the peace, performing the ceremony. In the fall and winter of 1854 J. F. Pingrey taught a school in a hall o\ T er a store. Rev. J. AY. Hancock and Matthew Sorin held services as 218 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY early as 1853. The township was organized at the time of the general act in 1858. Mrs. Julia B. Nelson, at a meeting of the old settlers of the Lake Pepin valley some years ago, related some of her early experiences, from which the following extract is taken: “Had I hver been scalped by a savage Sioux, or seared to death by harmless Chippewas ; had I ever lived in a seven-by-nine log house on three grains of corn a day; had I ever practiced driving four-in-hand with an ox team ; had I ever raised vegetables on territorial ground, or raised the chickens that crowed when Minnesota was admitted to the Union, it would not be inappro- priate to call upon me in an old settlers’ meeting, and I should be both proud and happy to respond. As the case stands, if I speak and confine myself wholly to the facts, I fear you will not be greatly entertained and will conclude that as an old settler I am a fraud and a failure. On a darkish night in June of 1857 the steamer Henry Clay landed at the town of Wacoota, and from that boat stepped my father, Edward Bullard, who. had been down the river and brought back with him some horses, some cattle, and two awkward school girls, one of whom was myself. Although it was late at night, I saw a good many lights in the darkness and thought I had really come to a town. Passing to my new home I heard men swearing inside one of the three hotels in the place and thought I had come to a new country. “I couldn’t make a claim and develop the resources of the country, but I did what I could by attending the spelling schools and lvceums, which were in full blast. About two years after I began to ‘teach the young idea how to shoot,’ and have fol- lowed that business much of the time since. (Note — Mrs. Nelson has now retired and lives in Red Wing, where she is still prom- inent in religious, temperance, equal rights and philanthropic work. — Ed.) Speaking of Sabbath keeping in the early days, ‘when there was no sound of the church-going bell,’ an aunt of mine who came to the state before I did, who had no neigh- bors, and whose husband had gone on a journey of several days, kept the Sabbath, as she supposed, and the next day put out her washing. Her husband, returning, notified her to her horror that she had been washing on Sunday. Great changes have been wrought before our eyes, great improvements have been made in our time, but what pleases me most of all, more than the thought of railroad facilities and wonderful immigration, more than telegraphic communication and spacious and beautiful pub- lic buildings, is the prosperity of those who came here to make homes, bringing with them only health and hope and honest hearts and willing hands. To see those who worked hard behind HISTOEY OP GOODHUE COUNTY 219 oxen riding with their own horses and carriages; to see those who lived in lints now occupying comfortable homes, enjoying themselves and educating their children, that is the best of all.” The sixteen men who enlisted in the Civil War from Wacoota were: Morris Eldred, John Eldred, James Farenside, William Gordon, Lot C. Hilton, John Jordan, Nathaniel Jordan, Henry M. Reade, Henry S. Reed, Josiali Richardson, Ludwig Tliiergart, Henry E. Van Dyke, John R. Winehell, Charles Axel, William Toms and R. D. Rich. WANAMINGO TOWNSHIP. Wanamingto comprises township 110, range 17, and lias remained unchanged in area since the township organization act of 1858. It is bounded on the north by Leon, on the east by Minneola, on the west by Holden and on the south by Cherry Grove. Wanamingo is crossed east and west by the north branch of the Zumbro in the southern part, but the valley is broad and has gentle slopes. In the northwestern part there is a branch of the Cannoh. The surface is largely prairie, gently rolling, with very fertile soil, well watered by many springs and running streams. Where these are not at hand, water is found by digging a few feet below the surface. The natural groves of timber in various sections add variety to the landscape. No other township in the county, it is said affords superior advan- tages to the farmer. The story of the early settlement of Wanamingo has been told as follows: “The first settlers came here in 1854, and were natives of Norway. Early in that year Henry Nelson (Talla) came to Dodgeville, Wis., from California, where he had been staying a few years and where he had accumulated a snug little sum of money. About the same time his older brother, Toge Nelson (Talla), then a widower, came back to the same place from Australia, where he also had earned some money. The two brothers then agreed to go to the Northwest together and search for a home. Purchasing a team, they started, and after being on the way as far as Root river, they heard that the terri- tory of Minnesota contained good farming land, with wood and water. They then purchased a number of cattle and such imple- ments as they would need for beginning farming operations. They Avere now joined by Tliosten Anderson, another of their countrymen, Avho was also in the same pursuit. As both the Nelsons Avere determined to start in farming for all there was in it, they each hired a man to help them. Henry hired William Williamson (Runningen) and Toge hired Nils Gulbrandson. Both these hired men were carpenters by trade. Mr. Gulbrand- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 220 son left His family in Wisconsin, expecting to return for them in the fall, providing he liked the new country. The prairie schooners were ready and the little company started for the unknown land May 21, the party consisting of those already men- tioned and Henry Nelson and family, Thosten Anderson and family, and two sisters of the Nelsons, Mrs. Jens Ottun, whose husband had not yet arrived from the old country, and Mrs. Nels K. Fenne, whose husband was then in California. After rambling over the new territory of Minnesota for three weeks they came, June 12, to the place now called Wanamingo. They had for many days seen no white persons but themselves. At about 11 o’clock on the day named above they crossed the north fork of the Zumbro. Toge Nelson stopped his team and, looking around, saw there was a fine park with beautiful land adjacent. He exclaimed: ‘Here will I live and die.’ His words were fulfilled, for he died in 1889, having lived in that place thirty-five years. The whole company found it to be desir- able country for settlement, and so began their improvements. Knowing nothing as to how much land one man could hold as a claim, they marked off large portions, for they expected others of their countrymen to join them in making the town a Norse settlement. They began by making dugouts and sod shanties for living and sleeping apartments. They broke up the prairie for field culture and planted some corn, sowed buckwheat and rutabagas. They also planted a few potatoes that season. “Four weeks after this party had made their stand, two young men, Hans Ovaldson and Andrias ITesjelden, came to the place, having followed their tracks. These young men belonged to a larger party of immigrants, whom they had left some thirty- five or forty miles behind. They were so much pleased with the location that they started back immediately for their com- rades. They found them and induced nearly all the party to come to Wanamingo. This last party consisted of Andres Baarn- hus, John Stroemme, Guilder IJestemyr, Ole 0. Oakland, Haldor Johnson, and their families. About the first of August another train of Norwegian immigrants came on from Wisconsin, but finding the township of Wanamingo already claimed, they went further west into Holden and Kenyon, some even beyond the county line west, to make claims. “In the latter part of July this town was visited by two men from Red Wing, this being the first intimation the new settlers had of the existence of such a place. These men informed them that Red Wing was on the Mississippi river, about thirty miles distant, in a northeasterly direction. This information was a great benefit, as they knew of no market town nearer than Decorali, Iowa. In August Nils Gulbrandson went to Wisconsin HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 221 for his family, and it was agreed that he should there meet Jens Ottun, who had arrived from Norway, and accompany him to Red AA'ing on the steamboat. Three weeks later Toge and Henry Nelson set out from Red Wing to meet them. After wandering about for two days they found the place. In the meantime the party had arrived, but both men had taken the cholera while on the steamboat. Mr. Gulbrandson died in one hour after landing. Mr. Ottun survived. They were left on the shore by the boat hands. Mrs. Gulbrandson took charge of her dying husband and grown-up daughter. The latter also took the disease, and died shortly after the father. William Freeborn, seeing Mr. Ottun lying on the levee with none seemingly to care for him, offered five dollars to the man who would take him to some house and care for him over night. A few days after this the Nelsons arrived in Red AVing and found Ottun so far recov- ered as to be walking about, and he, in company with Mrs. Gulbrandson and her son, returned with the Nelsons to the new settlement. The next year, Toge Nelson (Talla) and Mrs. Gul- brandson were married. In October, 1854, the Nelsons went again to Red Wing, for winter supplies. Nils J. Ottun, son of Jens Ottun, related years afterward to a historian that his father was sent by the party for flour and some other neces- sities. Having only ten dollars, his wife sent a gold nugget worth ten dollars more. They bought two barrels of flour. Jens Ottun worked for Toge Nelson that winter, splitting rails, leaving his son Nils and the mother to keep house alone. The mother used to measure off the slice of bread for each to be eaten at every meal, the same size, and this, with a little butter and something they called coffee for drink, constituted their everyday diet through the winter. In the latter part of March the people who had settled in the northern part of the town came to them for flour. They were entirely out, and the snow was so deep they could not get to Red Wing. Only one barrel was then left in the settlement. That was one of the two that Jens Ottun had bought, and it was equally divided among all and was made to last until the road to Red Wing became passable. The first death among the settlers was that of the youngest child of Thorsten Anderson, named Berith. Mrs. Jens Ottun was requested to select a suit- able place for a burial ground, and a farm for a preacher. This she did at the time of the burial of this child, in July, 1854. The first white child born in this town was Knute N. Fenne, in September of the same year. The first marriage was a double wedding in June, 1855. Toge Nelson (Talla) and Mrs. Gul- brandson, already mentioned, and' John J. Marifjern and Soe- neva Johnson were united in marriage at the same time, by Rev. 222 HISTORY OR GOODHUE COUNTY Nils Brant, of Oconomowoc, AYis. The first public religious service was held the same month by the same clergyman. The land selected for the preacher was for many years occupied by the Rev. B. J. Muus, who came in 1859 and for about forty-five years remained the pastor of several churches in that locality. “A few American families came to this town in 1855 and made claims in the southern portion, on the Zumbro river. One of the settlers, James Brown, platted and laid into lots forty acres of land for village purposes and called the place Wana- mingo, the name of a heroine of a novel popular in those days. A store was built by J. T. Wright in this village. “The fii'st settlers had some difficulty the first year in adjust- ing the boundaries of their several claims. Not knowing how many acres one person could hold and pre-empt, their farms were unusually large. Everyone wanted timber, prairie land and running water. This was in the latter part of 1855, before they found that each could hold but 160 acres, in adjoining 40-acre lots. In some cases their first buildings would be a mile away from their breaking, as the late comers were obliged to claim a patch here and a patch there to satisfy all needs. So there were troubles to meet and overcome when they went to the land office to purchase their lands from the United States gov- ernment after it came into the market. Many had hard strug- gles to encounter in that settlement during the first two years. They had not the means to pay their passage over the sea and were obliged to devote their earnings to that outlay. But for the fact that a few had money and could furnish work for others who had none, there would have been much suffering. The people from Norway seemed to be well fitted for pioneers in a new country. As farmers they have proved themselves to be more successful than any other nationality, perhaps, who have come into the county. With no other means than a willing- ness to work at any labor to be done, with stout arms and faith in God and their fellow men, many of them are now reckoned among the wealthiest of our citizens in every branch of business now carried on. The farms and farm buildings in the town of Wanamingo at the present day show a degree- of thrift and industry ecpial to the best in this county. The first wheat crop was raised here in the year 1856. There being no flouring mills near, it was all kept and used for seed. This town has the honor of being the first to build up and sustain the Norwegian Lutheran church, which has become the most numerous of the Christian churches in the county.” James Brown is said to have taught the first school in the township. The first store was probably opened on section 4. by HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 223 Hans M. Sande and Knut Sanden, in the spring of 1857. They stocked it with goods and carried it on for about a year, when Mr. Sanden was married and his attention turned in other direc- tions. Mr. Sande also concluded that he could make more money farming, so the mercantile business was abandoned. Both of these gentlemen soon became well-to-do farmers of the town- ship. Another early storekeeper was Paulus Miller. The Aspelund Society Avas organized in 1875, for the mutual benefit of the farmers. A store Avas erected on section 16 and the society incorporated in 1876. The first officers Avere : Presi- dent, O. J. Wing; secretary, N. J. Ottun ; treasurer, E. E. Sevareid; directors, Henry Nelson (Talla), Hans M. Sande and Ole LcaaTs. N. -J. Ottun AA T as appointed the first manager. To the Civil War Wanamingo toAvnship contributed the fol- loAving soldiers: Elling Albertson, Jermia Anderson, Arne An- derson, Samuel Arnold, D. W. BroAvn, Henry II. Browm, Asa II. Dayton, Anfin Dalaker, Ole Evenson, John Ericson, Hans Hoisted, George AY. Heart, Harris Harrison, Ole Johnson, Olans Johnson, Hans Johnson, Abraham L. Jackson, Guilder Ivilloe, Samuel Knutson, Ole Larson, Lewis LeAvison, Martin Martinson, John Nilson, Charles Nelson, Ole Oleson, Thomas Peterson, John Peterson, F. F. Sandberg, LaAvrenc-e Thoreson, Henry J. Burrell, Phillip Buck, John M. Clark, Halver Enderson, Franklin Fuller, Anthony Farrell, Otis E. Fowble, Marshall Gore, Aeliiel D. Hollista, John S. Hall, Francis G. Hall. Elias Hoyt, William Hahn. Julius Johnson, John J. Koenan, George Newville, John B. Kobinson, Eleazer Bobbins, Anson Smith, Almon P. Smith, James B. Stouthers, Lorenz Thoreson, Guilder Thompson, Theo- dore Moonen, James A. Miller, Peter McDonough, Jonathan B. Serrell, Halver Stamerson, Charles J. Dobering, Francis J. Burke, John Betcher, William II. Blaker , Samuel B. BroAAm, Laurens E. Brown, Spaulding Whittemore, Lucian L. Perkins, Sela Denny, Phillip Buck, Samuel Johnson, Charles Martin, John Gutteridge, Joshua Oliver, Melvin 0. Dutton, John Clementson, Daniel Me- Alonan, William II. Applegat, K. G. Applegat, Peter B. Toavu- sencl, John Johnson, Tenkel Nelson, Charles Flack, John Peter- son, William G. Renearson, Lodolf Swanson, Patrick Connersy, Peter Hoppe, AndreAV Roberts, Francis Coule, Archibald Gallo- Avay, George II. Gaylord, AV. B. Harlan, Jacob J. Hussell. John Mallory, John Ockerson, George C. Ridley, Ole Severson, John Williams, Nels Lverson, Fikel Jensen. Frank AY. Carlson, George Chambers, Samuel B. Roberts, Dominick Toole. At the organization of the township, May 11. 1858, the officers elected Avere: Supervisors, 0. Hansen (chairman), N. K. Fenne, J. G. BroAvn; toAAm clerk, J. T. Wright; justice of the peace, W. R. BroAvn; constable, Warren Illson; assessor, N. K. Fenne. Fol- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY '224 lowing is the list of the early supervisors, the first named under each date being the chairman: 1859, George W. Duffy, Saave Knudson, Halvor Olson ; 1860, T. J. Smith, Halvor Olson, Thor Einertson ; 1861, T. J. Smith, Saave Knudson, Colben Nelson; 1862, Hans II. Iloltan, J. T. Leet, William Williamson; 1863, Ilans H. Iloltan, Coelboern Nelson, I. C. Swift; 1864, A. P. Jackson, Knut Sanden, Hans M. Sande ; 1865, A. P. Jackson, Hans M. Sande, Knut Sanden; 1866, A. P. Jackson, Hans M. Sande, Knut Sanden; 1867, A. P. Jackson, Hans M. Sande, Knut Sanden; 1868, A. P. Jackson, 0. J. AYing, N. K. Fenne; 1869, Hans II. Iloltan, O. J. Wing, Chris Sanden; 1870, 1871, 1872, the same; 1873, 0. J. Wing, G. C. Gunderson, Charles Anderson; 1874, G. C. Gunderson, Charles Anderson, John Swenson; 1875, 1876, the same ; 1877, G- C. Gunderson, John Swenson, A. T. Rygh. Assessors — 1859, N. K. Fenne ; 1860, Saave Knudson ; 1861 to 1863, Neri Helgeson; 1864, Charles Paulson; 1865, E. E. Sevareid; 1866 to 1868, John Paulson; 1869, Elef Olson; 1870, and 1871, Hans M. Sande; 1872 and 1873, Ole O. Follingstad; 1874 to 1877, Hans M. Sande; 1878, Ole 0. Unset. Justices of the peace — 1859, AY. R. Brown, George AAA Duffy; I860, T. J. Smith; 1862, W. R. Brown; 1863, Charles Paulson; 1864, J. P. Leet; 1865, Charles Paulson; 1866, L. P. Leet; 1867, C. Paulson, W. R. Brown; 1868, A. P. Jackson, N. J. Ottun; 1869, W. R. Brown; 1870, A. P. Jackson; 1871, AAA R. Brown; 1872, N. J. Ottun; 1873, Christ Ilveeni; 1874, N. J. Ottun, T. T. Corchran ; 1875, Flans M. Sande; 1876, N. J. Ottun; 1877, Hans M. Sande; 1878, Ole 0. Huset. Clerks — 1859, 0. Hansen ; 1860, and 1861, AY. R. Brown ; 1862, A. P. Jackson; 1863, Benjamin Clark; 1864 and 1865, J. P. Leet; 1866 to 1868, N. J. Ottun. Collector — 1858, Knut Sanden, served two terms. Treasurers — 1860, William Williamson ; 1862, W. R. Roulet ; 1864, G. C. Gunderson; 1866, Charles Paulson; 1868, J. Paulson; 1869, Thorsten Anderson; 1870, E. E. Sevareid. Con- stables — 1859, Ole Olson; 1860, Ole Olson, S. Glaz; 1862, Lewis Throp; 1863, William Miller, William Johnson; 1864, AYilliam R. Roulet; 1865, William Miller; 1866, William Johnson; 1867, William Johnson, William Miller; 1868, Charles Anderson; 1869, Thron Juliekson, William Johnson; 1870, William Johnson; 1871, Thron Juliekson; 1873, Erik Nelson; 1875 and 1876, John Seven- son; 1877, T. I. Laven. Overseers of the poor — 1858, Torger 0, Rygh; 1859, John AYing; 1863, Kling Johnson; 1864 and 1865, Coelboern Nelson; 1866, K. J. Naeset; 1867, Hans II. Holtan; 1868, Hans M. Sande; 1869, Torger 0. Rygh; 1871, Lars Olson; 1872 and 1873, Swent Johnson; 1875, Hans M. Sande. The settlements in the township are at Ilader, Wanamingo, Aspelund and Norway. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 225 WANAMINGO VILLAGE. In 1855 a small building was erected by AV. Wright between sections 25 and 26 of AVanamingo township and in this shack were sold some of the necessities of life to the pioneers of those days. This store was sold to P. Miller, who again sold to Smith & Lamberg. Their successor was John Kempe and later A. Urness. Before the sixties another store had been erected by C. Dirstine, whose business was later bought by Hermund Serum. Failing in health Serum sold to Martin Halvorson, who continued the business until his death, nearly thirty years. In those early days AVanamingo was the only trading point for the entire surrounding community. The marketing of grain and other business matters had to be done at Red Wing, Fari- bault or Hastings. About 1S56 a postoffice was established and received the name of AVanamingo. Later a blacksmith shop was erected by Chrislock & Gunderson. This shop was later bought by J. J. Tiller. Another shop was erected by C. R. Chrislock, a cobbler shop by Hans Isackson and a harness and boot and shoe shop by Melchior Munson. A schoolhouse was built and a hotel erected by AA r m. Miller. Every little while surveying crews were out in the neighborhood and rumors had it that one or more rail- roads were going to build through. Meanwhile a thriving little inland town sprung up and a townsite was platted by private parties. In 1857 or 1858 one Clark built a small mill nearly one mile further east on the Zumbro river. This mill was bought by Nel- son & Norby and a larger mill was erected on the south side of the Zumbro river on the town line between Minneola and Wana- mingo townships. Later Norby assumed full ownership iintil one-lialf interest was bought by Fordahl Bros. At present A. J. Fordahl is the owner. In 1889 Ole Sletten erected a store just opposite the mill. Shortly afterwards a cheese factory was built and started in operation by the farmers. This was sold to R. 0. Lund, who again sold to Gutzler Bros, of Kenyon. The factory was remodeled for a creamery. The company failing, the patrons again assumed charge of the creamery in proportion to the amount due them for cream delivered. September 9, 1893, the first steps were taken for the organi- zation of the Diamond Co-operative Creamery Company, which name his since been changed to Minneola Creamery Company and has become one of the most successful co-operative creamery or- ganizations in the state. In 1904 the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Company broadened the narrow gauge track from AVabasha to Zumbrota and extended the track to Faribault, at which time the present 226 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY townsite of Wanamingo Avas platted by the Milwaukee Land Com- pany. The village has experienced a steady growth since the townsite Avas first platted and at present has a population of about 200 or more inhabitants. That the place has become one of the busiest little villages in southern Minnesota is but a reflec- tion on the farming community in which it is located. Wana- mingo township Avas, according to the census of 1900, the richest agricultural township in the United States and there is very little if any difference in the adjoining townships surrounding the village. A genial spirit has existed between the business of the village and the farmers of the vicinity. Business enterprises are controlled by local capital, the farmers holding a good share. The following are business enterprises represented in the vil- lage at present : The Farmers State Bank of Wanamingo, with a. capital of $10,000. Avas organized in 1904 through 'the efforts of Henry M. and Martin Halvorson. The bank received its certificate of or- ganization December 2, 1904, and commenced doing business February 1, 1905, in their banking house, which had been erected during the preAnous fall. Their banking house is a one-story brick building, handsomely erected and Avell equipped with mod- ern furniture and fixtures. The stock was subscribed and is held by farmers and business m’en of the community. The bank’s busi- ness has been guarded by a careful and conservative management and has had a marvelous increase until the deposits have reached $220,000 and loans $185,000. The bank has a permanent surplus fund of $3,500. The directors are : O. Follingstad, N. J. Olness, Chas. O. Roe, E. B. Lunde, T. Thompson, Hon. C. L. Brusletten, Hon. A. J. Rockne, Martin Halvorson and Henry M. Halvorson. The officers at present are : O. Follingstad, president ; Henry M. Halvorson, vice president and secretary; N. J. Olness, vice presi- dent ; Martin Halvorson, cashier. The Minneola Creamery Company was organized December 26, 1893. The first set of officers AA'ere : President, J. B. Locke ; treas- urer, O. T. Berg; secretary and manager, EdAV. G. Hammer. The directors AA^ere : Henry Weiss, Henry James, N. J. Olness and R. O. Lund. J. B. Locke, avIio probably did most to promote the organization of the company, serA r ed as president until his death. 0. T. Berg has served as treasurer of the company since organiza- tion. R. 0. Lund seiwecl as secretary and manager from 1894 to 1900. Carl Fossum has served in the same capacity since 1900 The present officers are : President, L. H. Ofstie ; secretary and manager, Carl Fossum; treasurer, 0. T. Berg. The directors are Sam 0. Aslackson, Oscar Steberg, 0. R. Reberg and 0. T. Teigen. The company manufactured last year over 550,000 pounds of but- ter, which sold for over $125,000. Business has outgrown the HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Z27 present plant and a new building is under construction, which will be one of the most modern creamery buildings in the state. The building is being erected from concrete blocks and tile blocks with cement floors and ceilings and the building is arranged so that the products shall be handled to the best advantage and labor brought down to the minimum cost. M. A. Swee is the present buttermaker. The Farmers Elevator Company was organized July 8, 1905. The first set of officers were : President, L. J. Gjemse ; vice-presi- » dent, IT. 0. Naeseth; secretary, J. A. Norstad; treasurer, Henry M. Haivorson. The directors were A. T. Tongen, 0. S. Haugen and Alfred Steberg. The company has a paid capital of $4,200, owns two well equipped elevator buildings and has a surplus fund of $2,500. Chas. O. Roe served as manager from organization until July, 1909. At present H. O. Naeseth is manager and E. G. Rosvohl assistant manager. The officers at present are : Presi- dent, L. J. Gjemse; vice-president, T. B. Tunks; secretary, P. L. Paulsness, and treasurer, E. I. Morkri. The directors are: F. R. Miller, A. A. Steberg and Nels Nerison. Farmers Mutual Telephone Company of Goodhue County was organized in 1903. Has 200 phones and is having a steady growth. The officers are: President, O. T. Teigen; vice-president, P. L. Paulsness ; secretary, A. Fordahl ; treasurer, Martin Haivorson ; directors, P. L. Ulstad, O. R. Reberg and L. L. Romo. Wanamingo Flour Mills, fifty barrel capacity and feed mill in connection ; A. J. Fordahl, proprietor. Milwaukee Elevator Com- pany, August Moses, agent. Wanamingo Lumber Company, deal- ing in all kinds of building material and coal; H. S. Swan, man- ager. Myron & Olson, hardware and machinery; A. 0. Berg, manager. Syverson Bros., hardware and farming implements r, Martin Syverson and Adolf Syverson, ihdividual partners. Rom- ness Brps., general merchandise. Nels O. and Halvor 0. Romness are the individual partners. J. A. Norstad & Co., general mer- chandise; J. A. Norstad. Wanamingo Restaurant, II. N. Setran. proprietor. Ree Restaurant, B. M. Ree, proprietor. Johnson Telephone Exchange ; L. J. Johnson proprietor. Harness, Shoe and Repair Shop ; A. Brislance, proprietor. Dealer in Live Stock, A. A. Steberg. Meat Market, Paul Jacobson. Livery and dray, Richard Tiller. Blacksmith Shop, John Wolf. Photograph Gal- lery, C. E. Pearson, who is also postmaster. Weekly Newspaper, Wanamingo Progress, Eclw. Oredalen, editor. The village has a first grade school and a church is being erected by the Lutheran Evangelical denomination. The village furthermore has good railway, passenger and freight service and receives its mail twice daily. The citizens are enterprising and progressive. Good business blocks are being erected, beautiful HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 228 homes are built and fitted with modern conveniences, and cement walks are being constructed. There is no reason why the village should not continue to be the common trading point of the sur- rounding community and grow as the farming community de- mands it.- By Henry Halvorson. The Wanamingo, Cherry Grove and Minneola Mutual Fire In- surance Company was organized May 27, 1876, in accordance with chapter 83 of the general laws of the state of Minnesota, approved March 9, 1875. The following named gentlemen signed the articles of agreement: Ole P. Floan, N. J. Ottum, Henry Nel- son, 0. J. Wing, Ole R. Lund, Peder N. Nesseth, Ole J. Romfo, Ole T. Berg, Rognalcl Olson, John A. Borstad, Ellef Haugesag, Ole J. Kvittem, TIaagen Nelson, Swen Olsen, Tosten Eleven, Ole Aufinson, G. II. Stuvrud, Iver Iverson, Guilder Bremseth, Lars J. Romo, N. A. Stageberg, Peder N. Lerfald, John J. Lilleskov, Hans Isackson, Nils 0. Nordly, Thosten Thompson, Ilaagen Thoreson, R. H. Chrisloek, Samuel A. Holland, John 0. Baar, Johanes J. Marejeren, Lasse N. Morken, Nils K. Fenne and A. J. Barsness. The first officers were : President, Ole P. Floan ; secretary, N. J. Ottum; treasurer, Nils 0. Nordby. The board of directors con- sisted of these three gentlemen and Elling Albertson, Ole J. Romfo, Ole T. Berg, Ole R. Lund and Peder N. Nesseth. During the year 1885, the company enlarged its territory, ad- mitting the following towns : Roscoe, Pine Island, Zumbrota, Belle Creek, Leon, Goodhue, Kenyon, Holden and Warsaw, so that it now comprises a territory of twelve townships. It has grown steadily until at the present time it has a total of 1,150 persons, holding over 1,200 policies, covering an insurance of $2,500,000. The company has, during the time of its existence, sustained and paid 563 losses amounting to $48,227.92. During the year 1906 a special meeting was held to prolong the com- pany’s existence for another term of thirty years. At this meet- ing all the then existing by-laws were repealed and a new set enacted, one more director being added. The present officers are: President, 0. J. Wing, Wanamingo; vice president, 0. T. Berg, Cherry Grove (Mr. Berg has been a director thirty- three years, since the organization of the company) ; treasurer, N. A. Stageberg. Wanamingo; directors, P. 0. Finstuen, Roscoe; 0. 0. Norclvold, Zumbrota; 0. F. Ivalass, Minneola; Oliver Berg, Pine Island; Edward Rowles, Belle Creek. The company has two spe- cial agents, II. 0. Oakland, Wanamingo; 0. I. Morkri, Cherry Grove. The headquarters are in the township of Wanamingo, and the annual meeting is held in the village of Wanamingo on the third Saturday of January. The company is now doing an immense business of over half a million dollars insurance annu- ally. In 1908 it was $546,635, and has been as high as $576,825 Martin Halvorson, Sr. HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 229 in one year. The yearly expenses are very low compared with other companies of about the same size. During 1908 it amounted to only $596.21. This shows that the company has accomplished its object of being a money-saving institution. The insurance rate prior to 1906 in this company was three mills on the dollar for five-year terms, but this rate proved to be inadequate to de- fray expenses to pay the losses, so the rates were raised to five mills, and as since January 11, 1906, no assessment has been made, it appears that the present rates are sufficient. The following report furnished through the kindness of A. H. Tongen, secretary of the company, shows the great amount of business done since May 27, 1876. The policies issued have amounted to 5,513, and have covered an insurance of $9,272,364. The policies cancelled have amounted to 4,319 and have covered an insurance of $6,871,- 771. This leaves in force 1,194 policies, covering an insurance of $2,400,771. Receipts — Membership and policy fee, $36,081.05; assessments, $23,284.00; interest, $507.51; borrowed, $795.54; other sources, $10.33; total receipts, $60,678.43. Disbursements — Losses caused by lightning (444), $20,170.88; losses caused by fire (88), $24,833.80; losses caused by steam thresher (19), $967.71; (total losses, $45,972.39); paid back bor- rowed money, $795.54; other expenditures, $12,912.17; total paid out, $59,680.10; credit balance, December 31, 1908, $998.33; total, $60,678.43. Martin Halvorson, Sr., now deceased, was a pioneer merchant of AYanamingo. Quiet in his manners and disposition, he never sought public life or office, but his many good qualities endeared him to all with whom he came in contact. He was born in Nor- way in 1842. and came to America in 1866, locating in AYana- mingo township. Soon after arriving in this county he entered the employ of H. C. Serum, who kept a general store in AVana- mingo village. In 1872, Air. Halvorson purchased the establish- ment and one year later was appointed postmaster, a position he held until 1898. His store was a great success, and not oulv did the farmers for miles around seek his place to purchase goods, but also to ask advice and to secure Air. Halvorson ’s opinions, which were always sure to be sound and good. Mr. Halvorson was married in 1873 to Greatha Bjornethun, also a native of Nor- way, by whom he had seven children: Henry. Lena (deceased), Rev. Jens, now of Ashland, AVis. ; Lena, now Mrs. (Rev.) AI. Bjorn- son, of New Folden, Alinn.; Alartin, Frederick, who is on the old homestead, and Gustav, a student in the law department of the state university at Minneapolis. Air. Halvorson died in 1899, and his widow still survives. 230 H1STOBY OF GOODHUE COUNTY WARSAW TOWNSHIP. Warsaw lies on the eastern border of Goodhue county and comprises township 11, range 18. It is bounded on the north by Stanton, east by Leon, south by Holden and Avest by Rice county. The Little Cannon river passes along the eastern border, and in the valley of this river appears some timber, particularly notice- able in the southeastern portion. The larger part of the surface, however, is rolling prairie, with deep soil, and consequently many fine farms. “Happy is the land that has no history,” says an ancient writer. This is true of Warsaw. Agriculture has been the impor- tant industry in the township, and from the earliest settlement the story of Warsaw has been one of increased cultivation, where the people live in peace and contentment, free from the disputes and stirring events Avhich, Avhile they made interesting reading, do not always tend to the real benefit or growth of a locality. In June, 1855, the northern part of this township was settled by a party of Americans consisting of the brothers, Moses, William and Edwin George. Robert McCorkle (some- times given as McC'oskel), E. II. Sumner, Washington King, R. B. Wilson, J. E. Wright and Francis McKee. These men at once started farming, and while they endured the hardships always incident to pioneer life, their first crops Avere good, and from some of the Avorse privations they were spared. In 1856 a child AA r as born to Washington King, a truly important event, and duly celebrated by the pioneers, who all wanted to take a peep at the little stranger. The following year, 1857, John Chambers died and the funeral Avas attended by the entire population of the settlement. In the summer of 1858 Rev. Isaac Waldron con- ducted the first religious services, in a room of a house owned by Alex McKee. In the same room Emma Babcock kept the first school, in the summer of 1859. Mr. Johnson built the first blacksmith shop in 1864, and later others Avere added. The settlement in the southern part of the township was started in 1856, by Anders Anderson, Nils Gunderson, Ole and Hagen Knutson, Andrew Thompson and others. Soon a Nor- Avegian colony greAV up around them. The township was organized in 1858, with N. B. ToAAmsend as chairman and J. E. Wright as clerk. Other early chairmen Avere Samuel Carpenter, Abram Towne, J. L. AN ells, Rice, R. B. Wilson and Chris. Lochren. Among the early clerks Avere William George, Edwin George, T. Bowman, Chris. Lochren and George Sheets. Warsaw’s contribution to the Civil War consisted of: John A. Bond, Cyrus Bondurant, Ulrich Iv. Burk, Joseph E. Charles, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 231 Swen Christopherson, Clinton L. Babcock, Ole Christopher, Lyman S. Kidder, Lot Heustis, William McFall, James C. Rhodes, Thomas. II. Dailey, Clark Schellenberger, Hiram C. Smith, H. Zimmerman, Calvin Daniels, Samuel Eldredge, C. R. Eldredge, Levi King, George McKinley, Silas. Mills, Ole Nelson, Francis J. Ridgeway, Benjamin H. Ridgeway, James H. Wright, Joseph E. Charles, Herman Scherf, Swan Hailing, John N. Morrell, Andrew Swanberg, Morris Tracy, Ole Torgeson, John Johnson, Ole Hendrickson, Andrew Sanborg, Benjamin 0. Bong, Osten Anderson, LeAvis Kock, Ernest Zahn, Daniel F. Dibble, Patrick Gribbin, Edwin R. Nafry, Alfred Alphinson, Augustus Houghton, William Mills, Henry Martin, Ole Larson, Walter L. Winton. There are three small settlements in the township, Dennison in the west, Wangs in the center and Sogan in the eastern part. Beautiful, well furnished and well appointed homes, commo- dious barns, sleek livestock, rich acres, an educated and cultured people, tells the story of Warsaw of the present day. Dennison is a village of 170 souls situated on the western boundary line 'of Warsaw township, being about one-third in Rice county. The name is derived from- an early settler who originally owned considerable land where the village is now located. The population of the village is about three-fourths Scandinavian. The first men to start in business in the village were Karl A. and Guilder Bonhus, who conducted a general store. After eight years they were succeeded by A. K. Lockrem. The Methodist Episcopal church was built in 1883, blown down in 1885 and rebuilt the same year. The railroad came through in 1884, and was operated by the Minnesota North western. The line was then sold to the Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City, and subsequently passed into the hands of the Chicago Great Western. The first blacksmith was J. AY. Downing. The first hardware and implement store was that of Bunday & Ferguson, established March 10, 1887. The school house is a comfortable building. 42x45 with four rooms, built of brick. It provides for the chil- dren living in the incorporate limits, the districts' having origi- nally been 34 and 155, respectively, in Rice and Goodhue counties. The village now has a bank (branch), one hardware store, one lumber yard, three general stores, a harness shop, a postoffice with two rural routes, a barber shop, tAvo blacksmiths, one meat market, one farmers’ elevator, a pastuerizing milk plant, a Methodist church and a public school. The Dennison State bank is a thriving institution with a capital stock of $15,000. The officers are : President, J. C. Schmidt; vice-president, W. T. Schmidt; cashier, W. W. AYescott; assistant cashier, O. R. Bolen. 232 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY" WELCH TOWNSHIP. Welch includes the east half of government township 114 north of range 16 west, and the whole of township 113 north of range 16 Avest, except that part which lies south of the Cannon river. It is bounded on the north by the Mississippi river, on the east by Burnside, on the south by Yasa and on the west by Dakota county. The surface is much broken, but rarely rocky except along the immediate bluffs. The valleys are generally rich alluvial, but in the northern part of the town the valley which is tributary to the Mississippi at Etter is gravelly and sandy, with terraces scantily clothed with crooked oaks and bushes. A magnificent view is afforded from the high land near the church on the northwest corner of section 15. The mounds south of Hastings can be seen distinctly, also the smoke from Hastings and the high land above Hastings on each side of the St. Croix valley. The middle of the township is rolling prairie, the northern portion consists of a large part of Prairie Island, bordering the Mississippi and the Vermillion rivers. Those interested in the story of Welch should read the early history of Burnside, the record of the early days being identical, owing to the fact that they were under one government. The Indian settlement on Prairie Island is also treated of under the head of Burnside in this history. Settlers came into Welch, both from Dakota and Goodhue counties, in 1855-56, but these settlers left for what to them seemed more desirable locations in more southerly and prairie- like townships. These settlers left no record of their occupancy, and have now passed from memory. The permanent settlers did not come until 1857-58, Welch being the last township to be taken up by the homesteaders. Among these permanent settlers were E. W. Carver, William Boothroyd, Michael Henry, John Bloom, Gohcham Esta, D. 0. Swanson, Benjamin Beavers and N. C. Crandall. March 23, 1864, on petition, the board of commissioners divided Burnside by setting off the east fractional half of town- ship 114, range 16, and all of township 113, range 16, lying north of the Cannon river and called it Grant. Another township in the state already bore that name, and the state auditor, under date of December 31, 1871, directed a change of name. January 3, 1872, the commissioners took up the matter and changed the name to Welch, in honor of the late Major Abram Edwards Welch, of Red Wing. The first board of officers, while the town still bore the name of Grant, were: Supervisors, A. Coons (chairman), Joseph Eggleston, Benjamin Bevers; toAvn clerk, J. B. Waugh; treas- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 233 urer, M. O’Rourke; assessor, E. W. Carver; justice, J. B. Waugh; constables, P. C. Brown and D. Black. On September 6, 1864, a special town meeting Avas called, for the purpose of voting a tax to raise money to pay volun- teers to fill the quota required from the tOAvn, at which meeting it Avas voted to raise $600 as a bounty to volunteers for the Civil War. Another war meeting was held February 11, 1865, for the purpose of raising more bounty money. At this meeting it Avas voted to raise $700 to pay volunteers, if they could be obtained, and if not, to pay men who stood the draft. E. W. Carver Avas selected to look after the matter of obtaining men to fill the tOAvn ’s quota. Those who Avent to the Avar from this tOAvn were; Philo BroAA r n, .J. S. Nelson and S. S. TAvitcliell. After the name of the. tOAvn Avas changed to Welch the first board consisted of: . Supervisors, M. Henry (chairman), Thomas Brenner and Michael Hart; clerk, J. S. Nelson. A Swedish Lutheran church Avas erected in 1878, at a eost of $4,600. In 1886 a store Avas built at Welch Mills at a cost of $500. In 1900 an elevator Avas erected at a cost of $1,500. The residents of Welch are a happy, prosperous people, Avho have achieved much success in their farming operations. Welch Village, formerly called Welch Mills, nOAV has a small flour mill with eleA r ator, tAvo stores, a boarding house, tAvo black- smith shops, a station on the branch line of the Chicago, Mil- waukee & St. Paul and a station across the river on the Chicago Great Western. • CHAPTER XVI. ZUMBROTA. Zumbrota Village — Its Situation and Advantages — Modern Zum- brota — Water, Sewer and Public Halls — Fire Department — Industries — Banks — Hotels — Mills and Elevators — Creamery — Fraternities — Village History and Officers — T. P. Kellett’s Speech — Military Company — Village Schools — Public Library — Zumbrota Township — Township Officers Since Early Days — Soldiers from This Township. Zumbrota Village is rich in historic lore, being one of several settlements, projected by eastern people, and designed to be- places to which should be transported with more roomy sur- roundings and wider opportunities, the thrift, education and cus- toms of the thickly populated East. To this day, these sturdy eastern pioneers remain in the township and village, and form the backbone of the community. As elsewhere in the county, the sturdy Scandinavians have had their part in the general growth and development of the community, while in the village itself are many comparative newcomers who have assisted in the mate- rial and business progress of Zumbrota ’s industrial and commer- cial activity. The history of this community has been gathered from various sources, assisted by Edward F. Davis, editor of the Zumbrota “News,” while the story of the modern village is largely the work of his gifted pen. Zumbrota village is the trading center for one of the richest agricultural sections of what is acknowledged to be one of the richest agricultural states in the Union, commanding a large part of the trade of the farmers of Roscoe, Minneola, Pine Island and Zumbrota townships, as well as other adjoining country districts. It is admirably situated in the midst of a rolling prairie, on the' north branch of the Zumbro river and on the Northwestern, Great Western and Milwaukee railroads, giving it exceptional shipping facilities, while well kept wagon roads extending fan-like in all 234 HISTOBY OF GOODHUE COUNTY . 235 directions, make it easy of access to the owners of the rich farms within a considerable radius. Zumbrota lias been considered by many competent judges to be an ideal home town. Near enough to several cities to make city attractions and lectures possible, it combines all the best features of village and country life, with none of the temptations of the city and none of the squalor of city slums. Its schools give the children exceptional advantages, and the social features fur- nish recreation after busy days of business, professional or agri- cultural endeavor. Modern Zumbrota has a beautiful high school building, afford- ing excellent educational facilities which takes the pupil from primary grades through a college preparatory or normal course ; a Carnegie library ; a city and three private halls ; a Congrega- tional, Methodist, Synod, Norwegian Lutheran, United Norwe- gian Lutheran, German Lutheran, English Lutheran, Catholic and Episcopal churches, connected with which are the various auxiliaries; a Lutheran hospital; several literary societies; an annual lyeeum course ; a large number of fraternities, and three fraternity halls; a weekly newspaper; a beautiful park; a band, and a company of state militia. It also has a large clay manu- facturing company; three elevators; a mill; a bank with a capital stock of $45,000; two hotels; two lumber yards; one creamery; a cement block plant; six general stores; two clothing and dry goods stores; two furniture stores; two photograph galleries; thlee barber shops; one horse and auto livery; one garage and machine shop ; four blacksmith shops ; two jewelry stores ; one fur factory; one meat market; two drug stores; one laundry; one bakery ; three restaurants ; one pool room ; one wagon shop ; two hardware stores ; one cigar factory ; two harness shops ; one shoe store; real estate and collection ag’ency; five saloons; four mil- linery stores and one tailor shop. Among the advantages which makes Zumbrota a valuable place of residence are a perfect sys- tem of water works and sewerage ; excellent streets and drive- ways extending into well kept country roads ; five miles of cement sidewalks; good volunteer fire protection; electric lighting plant; local and rural telephone system; three telegraph lines, and two express companies. The professions, aside from the clergy, are represented by one lawyer, two dentists, three physicians, one veterinary surgeon and one optician. Water Works. The water works system was started in the summer of 1883 and consisted- of three blocks of mains along the main street, which were supplied by a pump in the Palmer elevator and the water taken from the river. This was for fire protection only. Two years later the system was extended and a 75,000 236 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY barrel reservoir erected on a hill southeast of the village, a well dug and a pumping station erected in the village, which now sup- plies good, pure water for domestic use as well as for fire pro- tection. In 1907 thirteen blocks of six-inch mains were extended to various sections of the village. The system is owned by the village and under the supervision of the council. Sewer System. In 1906 a sanitary sewer system was installed and takes care of the business section of the town. A survey of the whole village was made, but as yet only seven blocks have been installed. Halls. There are seven halls in the village, three of which are used for lodge purposes, one city hall and three private halls. The Odd Fellows hall is owned by Mrs. IT. IT. Palmer; the Ma- sonic, by F. C. Marvin; the Woodmen, by Kolbe & Kalass. The private halls are owned by F. C. Marvin, John Anderson and Sohn & Trelstad. The Zumrota City Hall was built of wood, 60x40 feet, two stories, in 1887, at a cost of $4,500, under the supervision of N. T. Wedge. The building committee consisted of S. B. Barteau, C. E. Johnson, F. G. Marvin and R. S. Sigmund. The building contains a hall for public meetings, also the volunteer fire apparatus, the headquarters of the volunteer fire department, and a jail, con- sisting of two steel cages. Fire Protection. Probably no village in the state has better fire protection than has Zumbrota, and for that reason insurance rates are exceedingly low. The village supports a volunteer fire department, consisting of ninety men (the third largest in the state) which is divided into three hose companies of twenty men each and one hook and ladder truck company of thirty men. The apparatus is owned by the city and kept at the city hall. Fire Department. The fir.e department consists of ITook and Ladder Company No. 1, Hose Company No. 1, Royal Hose Com- pany and the Clipper Ilose Company. There is one hook and ladder truck equipped with ladders, hooks, chains, etc. ; three hose carts each carrying an average of six hundred feet of hose. Each company has its own separate organization and officers, who are governed by a set of department officers who are elected by the whole department. A board of directors consisting of two members from each company, the chief presiding, attend to all business matters of the department. The department was organ- ized August 23, 1883, at which time M. L. Webb was elected the first chief; B. C. Grover, first assistant; C. E. Johnson, second assistant; William B. Bowdish, secretary; TI. H. Palmer, treas- urer. At that time the department consisted of the hook and ladder company and Hose Company No. 1. P. Dickenson was elected foreman of the former and Axel Anderson foreman of Zumbrota Clay Mfg. Co. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 237 the latter. The Royal Hose Company was organized February 11, 1885, and its first foreman or captain was C. E. Johnson. The Clipper Hose Company was organized October 6, 1896, and after a strenuous fight was admitted to the department March 15, 1897. Its first captain was Frank AY. Yochem. The present officers are A. IT. Kellett. chief ; IT. J. Teich, first assistant ; Aug. Biersdorf, second assistant, E. F. Davis, secretary; IT. E. AYeiss, treasurer. Hospital. The Zumbrota Lutheran Hospital was erected in 1898 at a cost of about $8,000, under the auspices of various Lu- theran societies. It is a fine twenty-eight room building, built of pressed brick and fitted throughout with modern conveniences. It has an ideal location on the outskirts of the village, and it is greatly regretted by the people of this vicinity that the institu- tion is out of commission at the present time. However, it is expected that within a short time it will again be ready to re- ceive patients. The principal business houses of Zumbrota are as follows : Lumber yards — " Wedge, AYeiss & Co., N. T. AYedge, Henry E. AYeiss, G. L. Grover, proprietors; Marvin Lumber Company, F. L. Marvin, proprietor. AYilliam Croxford, manager. Cement blocks — AYedge, AA r eiss & Co. General stores — New Store, Anto Amli and Anton Johnson; City Grocery store, J. 0. Olson, proprietor; Lee Schafer. Martin Satren. L. J. Henning. 0. N. Berg. Clothing and dry goods — The Star, R. R. Sigmond, L. AY. Olson; Meyer & Johns, Fred AY. Meyer and AYilliam F. Johns. Furniture stores — Langum & Norclvold, J. B. Langum and Adolph Nordvold; Dan- ielson Furniture and Music Company, Charles Danielson, pro- prietor, J. A. Boraas, manager. Photograph galleries — A. J. Trelstad, C. G. Stearns. Barber shops — Miller & Ellstrom, J. C. Miller and Richard Ellstrom; R. D. AYindslow. Ben Haman. Horse and auto livery — B. C. Grover & Son (J. D.). Garage and ma- chine shop — Skillman & Ness, Lambert Skillman and A. 0. Ness. Blacksmiths — B. A. Norclly & Son (Arthur), R. A. Gorcler, John Hoff. Harry Jewison. AYagon shop — H. Keohler. Jewelry stores — J. L. AYilliams, Edward 0. Sohn. Fur factory — Teo. Steelier. Meat Market — Hartwell & Matchan, E. T. Hartwell and E. M. Matchan. Drug stores — A. S. Baken, J. E. Kyllo. Laundry — Zumbrota Steam, P. T. Fans. Bakery — City Bakery, Annen Olson, proprietor. Restaurants — Axel Anderson and Lena Howe, F. AY. Johnson. Pool room — F. AY. Stary. Hardware stores — Myron & Olson. 0. A. Myron and Charles Olson; Ira D. AYarren & Son (S. D.). Cigar factory — Henning & Nesseth. George Hen- ning and Chris Nesseth. Harness shops — B. A. Kolbe, M. H. BaskfielcL Shoe store — B. A. Kolbe. Real estate and -collection — A. B. Farwell. Telegraph — AYestern Union, E. J. Thomas, agent at Northwestern; 0. IT. Anderson, agent at Milwaukee depots; 238 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Postal Telegraph, William Reimer, agent at Great AYestern depot. Wells Fargo Express — William Reimer, agent at Great AYestern depot, and 0. K. Anderson, agent at Milwaukee depot. American Express — E. J. Thomas, agent at Northwestern depot. Millinery — Airs. J. A. Johnson, Mrs. M. Ofstedahl, Airs. Nettie Anderson, Carrie and Mary Dvergedahl. Tailor — Charles Anderson. Pro- fessional men — Attorney, A. J. Rockne; dentists, H. B. A\ 7 ash- burn, L. M. Woodbury; physicians, G. 0. Fortney, O. O. Larsen, K. Gryttenholm; optician, L. J. Korstad; veterinary surgeon, R. C. Nickerson. The First State Bank of Zumbrota was organized in the spring of 1893 by the business men and farmers. of Zumbrota and vicin- ity. The first officers were : President, 0. J. AYing ; vice presi- dent, Plenry AATiss ; cashier, P. A. Henning; directors, the three above named gentlemen and R. 0. Lund and B. J. Kelsey. In 1893 a fine bank building was erected. At the time of the consoli- dation with the Security State Bank, August 1, 1909, the capital stock was $30,000 and the officers were: President, O. J. Wing; vice president, 0. N. Berg ; cashier, A. E. Mosher ; assistant cash- ier, M. II. Powers. Prominently identified with the bank was E. S. Person, who succeeded P. A. Henning and served until 1907. The Security State Bank, of Zumbrota, was organized June 19, 1894, by the March Brothers, of Litchfield, with a paid in cap- ital of $30,000 and an authorized capital of $100,000. The bank opened for business July 2, 1894, with the following officers: President, Christian Peterson ; first vice president, Henry Ahne- man ; second vice president, Alartin Halvorson ; cashier, F. M. March. The first annual meeting was held Jan. 14, 1895, at which time the bank deposits were $26,593.91, as shown in the report below: Assets $45,395.61; banking house, fixtures and furniture, $6,538.41 ; cash and due from banks, $5,674.66. Total, $57,608.68. Liabilities: Capital, $30,000; surplus and profit, $1,014.77; depo- sits, $26,593.91. Total, $57,608.68. The annual reports each year show an increase in the business. On Jan. 11, 1898, F. G. Marvin was elected president of the bank, and on Feb. 17, 1900, IT. E. AATiss was elected assistant cashier. On June 13, 1903, F. AI. March was elected vice president, and IT. E. AYeiss elected cash- ier. April 8, 1907, F. C. Alarvin was elected assistant cashier. This bank was consolidated with the First State Bank, Aug. 1, 1909. Under the new organization the name Security State Bank is retained and the name First State Bank is discontinued. Aug. 15, the business of the consolidated banks, roughly estimated, was as follows : Capital, surplus and profit, $45,000 ; deposits, $300,- 000; loans and discounts, $276,000; banking house furniture, $10,- 000; cash and discounts, $52,000. The present officers are: Presi- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 239 dent, F. G. Marvin ; vice president, A. J. Rockne ; cashier, E. E. Weiss; assistants, A. E. Mosher and C. Marvin. The Zumbrota House was built in October, 1856, consisting at that time of only a small wing. It was erected and kept by Ezra Wilder. The hotel building was then 20x60, two stories. Mr. Wilder sold the place to G. R. Slosson, who in turn sold it to Fred George in 1872. In the spring of 1872, Mr. George built a two- story front, 20x70. The present proprietor is E. Molke. The Midland House was built in June, 1877, by George W. Cunningham. The main building was 22x40, two stories, with wing, 18x60. Mr. Cunningham kept the house until March 1, 1878, when he leased it to J. R. Clark. This hotel is now known as the New Hotel and is conducted by J. Schmidt, having recent- ly been renovated and improved. The Forest Mills were put up by William S. Wells and H. II. Palmer in 1867-68. This was the only market which the farmers in the vicinity had in the early days except Red Wing, and con- sequently the mill did a flourishing business for many years. Activity at this point consisted of a cooper shop, a flour mill and stores, and the settlement at one time bid fair to efface Zum- brota. Old settlers tell of often going there to unload their grain and being obliged to take their turn in a line of teams over a mile long. The railroads at Zumbrota and Mazeppa, however, brought the business to those places and the mill was idle for a number of years. Five years ago it was purchased by Tlieo. Steeher, who has greatly improved the mill and practically re- built a new dam, and now operates it as a grist mill. The Zumbrota Creamery was erected by the Crescent Cream- ery Company, of St. Paul, during the fall of 1884, who operated it about eighteen years. The building was erected by C. E. Mar- vin and E. A. Cammack, W. H. Squire being superintendent of the construction. The company’s first manager was R. Londick, and he was succeeded by F. AY. Stary. The latter was head man at the place for sixteen years. About nine years ago the Crescent people sold out to R. O. Lund, who continued the business about five years, when he sold to E. G. Hammer, who took possession October 1, 1906. E. A. Mann hauled the first’can of cream to the creamery during the fall of 1884. On June 13. 1907, the old creamery was destroyed by fire and before the ashes were cold a new modern building was in course of erection and was com- pleted and installed with machinery and running in a little over a month. The new building and machinery is estimated at $7,000. The yearly output of the creamery is about 100,000 pounds, and it receives cream for a radius of sixty miles around this territory. The Van Duzen Elevator was the first elevator to be erected 240 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY in Zumbrota and was completed in 1878. On November 20 of the same year F. G. Marvin took charge of the company’s interests and continued as their local manager for nearly thirty years, or up to August 1, 1908. A. E. Collinge succeeded Mr. Marvin as local manager. The Palmer Elevator, as it is now called, was erected in 1880 by "William Wells, and its first manager was H. E. Talmadge, now a resident of Red Wing. Wells sold the elevator to H. H. Palmer, who continued to run it with James Hall as his manager. Later J. 0. Jones leased it and bought grain independently. It was closed for some years and in 1908 was purchased from the Palmer estate by the Red Wing Malting Company, who installed Ed. Kolbe as their local buyer. Mr. Kolbe resigned August 1, 1909, and O. A. Stondahl succeeded him. The Farmers’ Elevator, of Zumbrota was organized by farm- ers in 1893. The first president was E. A. Bigelow, and N. T. Naeseth was the first manager. Those who have served as presi- dents are : Louis Starz, Josiah Lothrop and Oliver Berg. The secretaries have been: Fred Ehvell, B. A. Colbe, Bond Olson, A. C. Ylvasaker and O. 0. Nordvold. Treasurers: Josiah Lothrop, Louis Starz, Henry Weiss. Rialroads. The first railroad to reach Zumbrota was started at Wabash in 1877 by the Minnesota Midland Company, whose capital was exhausted before they had built many miles. The Milwaukee road picked up the construction and finished the road to Zumbrota in 1878. That same year the Rochester & North- western (now the Northwestern) run a branch from Rochester to this village. Both lines came in here at the same time and both claimed a portion of the right of way at the foot of Main street. Early residents tell of a pitched battle between the two track laying crews to see who would get possession of the dis- puted ground. The Milwaukee road was operated as a narrow gauge until June 7, 1903, during which year it was extended through to Faribault and on November 9, 1903, the first standard gauge train passed over the roadbed. The Red Wing & Iowa road was built in Imre from Red Wing in 1888. Later it became the property of the Duluth, Red Wing & Southern and in 1902 that company sold it to the Great Western, who extended it through to Rochester the following year. Thus Zumbrota now has three roads running into the village, affording excellent pas- senger and shipping facilities. Telephones. The long distance telephone from Zumbrota to Kenyon was the result of the efforts of Dr. Ch. Grondvold and Dr. K. Gryttenholm. The former, however, died in 1895 and the negotiations were left to Dr. Gryttenholm, who raised about HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 241 $2,000 among the farmers and the village residents. Dr. Grytten- holm corresponded with both the Northwestern Telephone Com- pany and the Union Electric Telephone Company of Iowa, Avitli the result that the' former built the line. It was completed in the fall of 1895 from Zombrota and Kenyon with a side line to Hader and Aspelund. In 1897 the line was sold to the North- western Telephone Company. The first local telephone franchise in Zumbrota was granted to L. D. Ward October 31, 1899, who erected a few poles and had a small system in operation for about a year, when he sold out to Elmer Peck. Mr. Peck ran the sys- tem about two years, when he sold to Matehan, Viekstrom & Ward, who operated it for one year and then sold to J. I. Howe. In February, 1905, Howe sold to Messrs. F. G. and F. C. Marvin, who have extended the system into the country districts and have an up-to-date service in every respect. Electric Lights. Elmer Peck erected and equipped the first electric light plant in Zumbrota, getting a franchise in October, 1898. The first plant was established in a building on what is now the Great Western right of way and was located between the Northwestern and Great Western tracks about two hundred yards west of Main street. In the early nineties the building was moved to its present location at the foot of Main street on the bank of the Zumbro river. Person & Co. purchased the plant from Mr. Peck and after running it four years sold to C. D. Den- nison, the present proprietor. The Zumbrota “News” was started in 1885 by a stock com- pany, with W. AY. Kinne as first editor and manager, which posi- tion he held for several years, after which Herman Anderson be- came the editor. Later Mr. Kinne resumed charge of the paper. Subsequently Air. Anderson purchased the paper from the stock- holders, and in 1897 sold to A. J. Rockne. In 1900 E. F. Davis became part owner with Air. Rockne, and is now the editor. The “News” is a newsy paper, has well written editorials, and through its local columns keeps the people of southern Goodhue county Avell acquainted with the doings in their part of the world. In addition to these features, a generous supply of general read- ing and a resume of the national and foreign neAVs of the Aveek makes the paper a Avelcome visitor in some thousand homes. A • large job printing establishment is operated in connection Avith the paper. The firm is now conducted under the name of Rockne & Davis. FRATERNITIES. The fraternal spirit Avas early manifest in the village of Zum- brota, and in the early seventies the larger national societies were Avell represented by lodges in this place. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 242 Herman Lodge, No. 41, A. F. and A. M., received its charter October 24, 1866, with “William Bickford, W. M. • H. II. Palmer, •S. W., and James L. Scofield, J. W. The first meeting was held in a building owned by Mr. Blanchard, on Main street. After being located in different places, in 1873, they rented a hall of S. B. Barteau, where they have held forth ever since. The pres- ent officers are P. W r . Mook, AAA M. ; M. H. Powers, S. AAA ; J. D. Grover, J. AY.; J. II. Barnett, S. D. ; L. M. AVoodbury, J. D. ; C. L. Grover, S. S. ; Robt. Priebe, J. S. ; T. D. Seward, Tyler; A. B. Farwell, secretary.; H. E. AA r eiss, treasurer. Esther Chapter, No. 4, Order of the Eastern Star, was granted a charter June 9, 1874, with the following officers : Isaac AY. Blake, AY. P. ; Mrs. Climena Blake, AY. M., and Marion C. George, A. M. Mount Carmon Chapter, No. 23, was granted a charter June 25, 1874, with H. Id. Palmer, H. P. ; S. S. AYorthing, K.; 0. H. Hall, S. Zumbrota Lodge, No. 154, I. 0. G. T., was organized January 24, 1877, with twenty-four charter members. The charter officers were : 1). B. Scofield, AY. C. T. ; Amanda Dam, AY. Y. T. ; Ed Mitchell, secretary, and Airs. D. B. Scofield, treasurer. Scofield Post, No. 121, G. A. R., was organized September 9, 1884, the post being named for James and Amos Scofield, the former of whom died of sickness while in the army and the latter of whom was killed in battle. The charter members were : Edgar Stacey, deceased; IT. AY. Cooledge, Zumbrota; I. D. AYarren, Zum- brota ; L. T. AYard, deceased ; J. M. Beeman, deceased ; B. D. AYoodbury, St. Paul; C. Daniels. South Dakota; F. D. AYebb, Chi- cago; C. Eastman, Soldier’s Home; H. J. Eastman, Zumbrota; J. Hickock, unknown ; Ole Strand, deceased ; II. AT. Scofield. Zum- brota ; J. H. Reeves, Glasgow; D. L. Druse, AYashington; AY. E. Aloslier, Zumbrota; II. AY. Squire, South Dakota; L. S. Judd, Mora; M. L. AYebb, AYashington; G. G. AIcCoy, Zumbrota; Louie Abend, deceased; P. D. AVillard, deceased; 0. II. Hall, St. Paul; D. Bugbv, AYisconsin; C. A. Leach, Zumbrota; Clark Rogers, de- ceased; AY. A. Black, North Dakota; Adolph Hoff, deceased. Those who have joined since are: G. AAA Giles, Zumbrota; S. C. Holland, deceased; Sam Andrist, Zumbrota; AYilliam Fulkerson, deceased; Bond Olson, deceased; J. P. Rians, unknown; AY. E. * Seckerson, Chatfield ; J. L. Annis, Zumbrota ; AAA B. Dickey, de- ceased; J. R. Hemmingway, Zumbrota; N. L. Dickenson, Zum- brota; Charles Gholtz, AYashington; P. L. Dickenson, North Da- kota; Frank AYyman, AYest Concord; Ared AYoodworth, Ala- zeppa ; Josiah Lothrop, Zumbrota; Iv. B. Bennett, AAjisconsin; R. C. Alorgan, deceased; Al. C. Alorgan, Zumbrota; Aaron Getty, HI ST OK Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY 243 deceased; D. B. Scofield, deceased; John Danielson, South Da- kota; Joab Irish, unknown; S. V. Cranson, Goodhue; William Bonham, deceased; Wm. Doxy, deceased; Philip Yochem, Zum- brota; Robert Parker, Goodhue; 1). W. Williams, unknown; R. H. F. Williams, Colorado; O. T. Berg, Wanamingo; F. W. Lang- worthy, New York; Eleck Albertson, Zumbrota; G. A. Seitz, Rochester; N. C. Adams, Zumbrota; John Egan, Zumbrota; John Johnson, Wanamingo; Leander Watson, deceased. The twenty- fifth anniversary of the p'ost occurred on September 16, and an appropriate celebration was held in the hall on September 18, 1909. In a speech delivered on that occasion II. M. Scofield de- clared that there are now forty members living, the oldest of whom is Captain G. G. McCoy, who is 85. Next comes H. M. Scofield and S. V. Cranston, each of whom is 78. The youngest member is II. Eastman, age 63. The officers at the time of or- ganization were: Com., Ira D. Warren; Sr. Y. C., G- G. McCoy; Jr. V. C., M. C. Morgan; chaplain, H. M. Scofield; quartermaster, AY. PI. Squire ; adjutant, II. W. Cooledge ; officer of the day, W. E. Mosher; officer of the guard, 0. A. Strand; surgeon, 0. II. Hall. The present officers are: Com., Josiah Lothrop; Sr. Y. C., 0. N. Berg ; Jr. V. C., A. Albertson ; chaplain. H. M. Scofield ; quarter- master, AY. E. Mosher; adjutant, N. C. Adams; officer of the day, Charles Leach ; officer of the guard, J. C. Annis ; quartermaster sergeant, N. L. Dickinson; Sergeant major, John Egan; surgeon, John Hemingway. Scofield Post No. 84, W. R. C., was organized April 8, 1892, with the following charter members : Mrs. S. E. Lothrop, Mrs. A. J. Hall, Mrs. IP. P. Abend, Mrs. M. A. Cooper, Airs. S. M. Hall, Airs. J. C. Scofield, Airs. S. N. Ward, Airs. J. C. Black, Mrs. Julia Friedrich, AHs. Rosina Reenes, Mrs. J. E. Alosher. Airs. Rose Dickinson, Airs. M. IP. Linton, Airs. Al. F. Mann, Mrs. Climena Blake, Airs. Al. L. Rust, Airs. E. AL B. Scofield, Mrs. Ellen E. Stacy, Airs. Cornelia Rogers, Airs. Maggie Watson, Mrs. E. R. Canfield, Airs. L. IP. Grover, Ena R. Woodbury, Carrie A. Mor- gan, D. A. Warren. A. J. Danse, Sophia Danielson, Al. Al. AYeather- head, Ermina B. Schofield, Manda Eastman, Rose Eastman and Lothe Black. The present membership is thirty-four. The pres- ent officers are : Pres., Mrs. A. J. Hall ; senior vice pres., Airs. M. J. Woodbury; junior vice pres., Airs. J. Friedrich; secretary, Airs. E. R. Woodbury; treasurer, L. At. Judd; chaplain, Alary Adams; guard. Airs. L. J. Grover; pat. inst., Airs. S. E. Lothrop. Zumbro Tribe, No. 63, I. 0. R. M., was organized January 1, 1901, with the following charter members: John A. Johnson, Nels E. Ivoppang, Tli. AYetzel, Edward Cain, Herman J. Teicli, Fred Lohman, John 0. Finney, John IP. Stenersen, Peter Opem, 244 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY A. Olson, Dr. G. H. Crary, C. AY. Rabel, J. J. Olsness, Charles Hein, J. H. Ilouck, Jr., Aug. Klug, William J. McWaters, Eric 0. Swenson, John L. McWaters, F. Zimmerman, A. H. Westby, Martin Opfer, W. C. Lehman, I. T. Avelsgaard, Thos. G. Nesseth, S. Lexvold, L. 0. Schram, A. N. Anderson, Iver Johnson, H. J. Eastman, John Houck, Sr., L. L. Johnson, D. Buntje, Oliver Olson, Richard Elstrom and William Yerka. The first officers were: Sachem, John Houck, Jr.; senior sagamore, Oliver Olson; junior sagamore, H. J. Teich; prophet, John McWaters; keeper of records, Ed Cain ; keeper of wampum, John A. Johnson. The present officer are: Sachem, August Klug; senior sagamore, A. H. Westby; junior Sagamore, Annen Olson; prophet, Louis Houck ; keeper of records, H. J. Teich ; keeper of wampum, J. A. Johnson. Zumbrota Lodge, No. 72, I. O. 0. F., was organized September 13, 1879, with the following charter members: B. F. Chamberlain, T. N. Lee, G. B. Anderson, C. E. Johnson, D. B. Scofield, I. AY. Blake, AY. E. Powers, D. F. Mason, F. W. Fulkerson, G. B. Wright and E. T. Lothrop. The present officers are : N. G., James Hoff- man; vice grand, Theo. HartAvell; secretary, James Annis; treas- urer, William Croxford; supporters, E. J. Thomas, G. Freeman and John Langsdorf; warden, Robert Priebe ; inside guard, John Houck, Sr. Zumbrota Lodge, No. 178, Knights of Pythias, was organized July 1, 1905. The first officers were : C. C., M. H. Powers ; V. C., F. C. Marvin; P., G. C. Hoff; M. of AY., H. B. Washburn; K. of R. S., J. R. Johnson ; M. of F., H. E. AYeiss ; M. of E.. C. A. Has- kins ; M. of A., Max Braum ; I. G., William R. Poison ; 0. G., J. T. Hovland. The present officers : C. C., J. T. Fuller ; Y. C., B. A. Ivolby; P., William Reimer; M. of AV., Annen Olson; K. of R. S., A. B. Farwell; M. of F., IT. E. AYeiss ; AT. of E., IT. B. Washburn; AT. of A., G. 0. Fortney; I. G., AT. IT. Powers. Zumbrota Rebekah Lodge, No. 125, received its charter April 2, 1902, the members at that time being as folloAvs : D. B. Scofield, G. F. Freeman, C. 0. Bonham, IT. K. Kuehner, J. L. Annis, N. Boy- sen, A. E. Collinge, Ed. Cain, E. F. Davis, James Hoffman, IT. J. Klein, J. IT. Langsdorf, E. AT. Matclian, J. IT. Houck, Sr., E. L. Peck, R. F. Priebe, F. N. Stary, E. AT. B. Scofield, I. B. Freeman, N. B. Bonham, J. Kuehner, E. Annis, C. Boysen, AT. Collinge, R. Casey, L. Johnson, A. Hoffman, B. Lovejoy, A. Langsdorf, B. Monson, J. Matchan, L. B. Houck, Alary Nickerson, Grace Poole, J. Peck, A. S. Priebe, C. W. Rogers, G. Stary and L. AAAeaver. The present officers are : District deputy, A. E. Collinge ; N. G., ATrs. C. Rogers; V. G., Julia Korstad; secretary, ATrs. A. Hoffman; treasurer, ATrs. A. E. Collinge; chaplain, ATrs. John Houck; inside HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 215 guard, Jarues Hoffman; financial secretary, Mrs. W. Johnson; warden, Mrs. R. Priebe ; supporters to N. G. and A 7 . G., A. E. Col- linge and E. J. Thomas. Zumbrota Lodge, No. 645, Modern Brotherhood of America, received its charter February 30, 1900, with the following mem- bers : Herman AA 7 . Kuehner, John A. Sec-or, Henry J. Klein, II. F. Runnels, Adclie M. Hoffman, James M. Hoffman, John C. Mil- ler, Perry H. Rowley, Josephine Ivuelmer, Robert Priebe, Clifton 0. Bonham, F. Marion Watts, Aug. C. Biersdorf, Edward AY. Matchan, Charles W. Rabel, Robert E. Matthews, Lafayette II. AVatts, Athelia I. Watts, Alfred E. Collinge, Nina A. Runnels, Christ Peterson, Ole A. Ness, John II. Ilouck, Jr., Nellie S. AYatts, William Croxford, Elmer S. Peck, Fred J. AA T eckerling, Lewis C. Shedd, Lyman D. Ward, John E. Crewe, Alice L. Casey, Joseph J. Hanson, Nels T. Nesseth. President, F. M. AYatts; vice presi- dent, Louis Houck; secretary, Frank Fulkerson; treasurer, A. E. Collinge; Chaplain, Robert Matthews; escort, F. Weckerling; outside sentry, Aug. Biersdorf; inside sentry, Robert Priebe. Zumbrota Camp, No. 252, Modern Woodmen of America, was organized November 21, 1887, and the first officers were as fol- lows : A 7 enerable counsel, J. C. English ; worthy advisor, J. II. Peabody; excellent banker, H. Koehler; clerk, E. C. Bennett; escort, AY. L. Nye; watchman, L. Hailing; sentry, Philip Yochen; local physician, H. L. McKinstry; managers, J. II. Peabody, C.. R. McKinstry and AY. L. Nye. The present officers are : Venerable counsel, AY i Hi am Croxford; worthy advisor, Fred Weckerling; •excellent banker, IT. Koehler; clerk, A. E. Collinge; escort, J. L. Williams; watchman, Louis. Opfer; sentry, Aug. Miller; local physician, Dr. G. 0. Fortney; managers, Louis J. Henning, A. Audi and AY. S. Collinge. Zumbrota Council, No. 30, Modern Samaritans, received its charter May 1. 1901, and at that time the members were as fol- lows : Louis Satren, Edward S. Person, Stephen 1). Sour, Will- iam G. Langworthy, B. A. Kolbe, AY alter C. Rowell, Charles L. Grover, Henry AY. Yochem, Louis J. Korstad, Herman Koehler, E. A. Kellett, Herman F. Kalass, Ole T. Thoreson, Frederick W. Yochem, Elmer L. Peck, R. R. Sigmond, Oscar M. Nelson, Mar- shall A. Nelson, Edward II. F. Weckerling, Hans 0. A 7 ollam Emil Y. Ramharter, Henry E. Weiss, John Stoudt, Edward F. Davis, J. E. Crewe, Frank E. Marvin, Charles Berg, Igmar T. Avels- gaard, Edward S. Nelson, Henry J. Klein, Ole N. Berg, Edward C. F. Kalass, A. AA 7 . Swanson, Andrew Samuelson, Eben A 7 . Ban- croft, George G. Marvin, Richard S. Ellstrom, Ole A. Myron, Frank E. Judd, Roy Peter Sigmond, John A. Secor, AA 7 . Scott Yan de Bogart, Ernest E. Peck, George H. Wareham and Olaf 246 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY E. Hoff. The present officers are as follows: G. S., Louis Houck; Y. G. S., William Langsdorf ; scribe and financier, A. E. Mosher; treasurer, William Croxford; high priest, G. Gunderson; chief messenger, Fred Weekerling; P. G. S., L. J. Henning. Trondhjem Lodge, No. 51, Sons of Norway, was organized August 1, 1905, with the following members: Carl G. Ofstie, Arne II. Westby, Severin J. Floor, Iver Peterson, S. A. Lexvold, C. Iv. Kolstad, P. A. Merseth, Carl R. Ersland, Thorwald Lien, Peder Fredrickson, Theodore Thompson, ITofgen Klaven, G. 0. Reppe, J. M. Holtan, Erick 0. Swenson, Oscar Reppe, John Peter- son, Henry Martin Medchill, Iver E. Loken, T. C. Siversen, I. N. Johnson, K. E. Gryttenholm, Knut Berg, Johan A. Nerhaugen and Nels E. Koppang. The present officers are: President, A. H. Westby; vice president, Knut Berg; secretary, Nels Koppang;. treasurer, Sever! Lexvold; regent, P. Neeseth; marshall, II. Klaven; inside warden, Iver Johnson; chaplain, J. Nerhaugen. Zumbrota Lodge, No. 43, Ancient Order United Workmen, was organized March 9, 1878, with the following officers: P. M. AW, B. C. Grover; M. AW, T. Bingham, Jr.; G. F., A. B. Cogswell; O., C. M. Bingham ; recorder, D. B. Scofield ; financier, D. B. Sco- field; receiver, George Person; G., A. A. Chase; I. AW, 0. I. Hall; O. W., J. J. Callahan. During the financial depression, the so- ciety almost went out of existence, but is now one of the most flourishing lodges in the village. The present officers are: M. AY., Louis Houck ; G. F., AW E. Mosher ; 0., Aug. Biersdorf ; recorder, E. A. Carroll ; receiver, N. C. Adams ; financier, Aug. Biersdorf ; G., 0. A. Ness; I. AY., John Houck, Sr.; 0. W., Peter ILenion. VILLAGE HISTORY. The village of Zumbrota was platted on the northwest and southwest quarters of section 31, in September, 1856, on land that had previously been entered by Aaron Doty. Doty was a bachelor, and in the employ of C. AW Smith, who was the prac- tical owner, but who could not pre-empt land because he was a land speculator. The owners of the townsite were the members of the Strafford Emigration Company. Bailey and Thompson made an addition which is called North Zumbrota, in 1857. The west addition was made by Josiah Thompson, on section 36, Minneola township. The first house was built by C. AW Smith. It was a log structure, 14x18, and was erected on the south bank of the Zumbrota river. In 1857, Smith moved away, and was last heard of in Bay City, Michigan. The first store building Avas erected in October, 1856, by Thomas P. Kellett, in which he kept the first store. Lizzie Shedd taught the first school in the fall of 1857. A public school building, erected in 1866, 30x42. Avas HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 247 burned in 1870. A two-story frame structure, partitioned into four rooms, Avas erected the same year. The act incorporating the village of Zumbrota passed the state legislature February 15, 1877, the petitioners being J. A. Thacher, T. P. Kellett and George Person. The first meeting of the voters in the village was held February 27, 1877, in Parker’s hall. The judges of election were I. C. Stearns and E. T. Halbert. The clerk was S. G. Cady. The returns were sworn to before D. B. Scofield as justice of the peace. The first meeting of the village council was held in April, 1877. J. A. Thacher Avas the first presi- dent of the village; John Anderson, George Person and T. P. Kellett Avere the first trustees; A. C. Rostad was recorder; Will- iam Dorman Avas treasurer, D. B. Scofield Avas justice and L. Summers Avas constable. In 1886 the village Avas separated from the township. The presidents of the council since 1877 have been: 1877-78, J. A. Thacher; 1879, II. Blanchard; 1880-81-82-83, II. II. Palmer; 1884, E. Y. Canfield; 1885-86-87-88, S. B. Barteau, Sr.; 1889, William F. Bevers ; 1890-91, John Anderson; 1892-93-94, S. B. Barteau, Jr.; 1895, William F. BeAmrs ; 1896-97, Louis Starz ; 1898-99, A. W. Eddy ; 1900, A. J. Rockne ; 1901, F. M. March ; 1902-03, E. Woodbury; 1904, Paul C. Kalass; 1905-06-07. James H. Farwell ; 1908-09, M. FI. Baskerfielcl. The clerks have been: 1877-78, A. C. Rostad; 1879-80-81, S. G. Cady; 1882-83-84-85-86-87, C. E. Johnson ; 1888-89, T. N. Lee ; 1890-91-92-93-94-95-96-97-98-99, AY. W. Kinne; 1900-01-02, FI. T. Banks; 1903-04, H. E. AVeiss ; 1905-06-07, E. F. Davis; 1908-09, M. FI. Powers (removed from village). The present officers of the village are: President, M. II. Baskerfielcl; trustees, Leo Schafer, Theodore Stecher and Charles Olson; recorder, Albert Severson; treasurer, A. E. Mosher; as- sessor, R. J. Staiger; marshall, James L. Annis; justices, P. AY. Mook and A. II. Kellett. A speech delivered many years ago by T. P. Kellett contains much of interest to the seeker after facts regarding the early days of Zumbrota. After speaking of his arrival in 1856, Mr. Kellett said: On the first Sabbath day three of us, enough to “claim the blessing,” held a meeting in a small log house or shanty, eight by ten, standing not far from Avhere Air. Skillman’s house Avas later erected, and judging the feelings of others by my own, I must say that our worship was not in Amin. And from that time to this, with but feAV if any exceptions, some sort of religious meeting has been held every Sabbath. (It might here be noted that the first public religious observance in the town was the prayer made by Albert Barrett at the funeral of John Cameron, who Avas buried not far from Avhere the residence of D. AY Mclntire Avas later erected.) 248 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY In the spring of 1857 the first bridge was built over the north branch of the Zumbro river and covered with sided poplar poles, and these poles did service as a covering or, more properly, a flooring for three years and then the bridge Avas floored with plank. In the year 1862, I believe, a new bridge was built with an additional bent iu the middle. In the following Avinter that middle bent Avas knocked out by the ice and sent down the river. The bent Avas replaced only to be knocked out again by the next winter’s breakup. In the year 1869 a more substantial structure was erected. (Note : This bridge still remains and is preeminently the Zumbrota landmark.) In the spring of 1857 a Congrega- tional 'society A\ r as organized and all professing Christians of all denominations, with all others favorable to religious services, united cordially in support of such services on the Sabbath. In the summer of 1857 the public hall Avas built and furnished, a place for meetings and schools for a number of years. In the fall of 1857 came the great financial crisis, which made the great financiers of the country tremble in their boots. We people of Zumbrota, however, did not feel its effect until the spring of 1858, and those of us who Avere here during that year have doubtless a very vivid recollection of those hard times. If Ave could blot that year from our past record, the record would be more pleasing retrospect than it is. Doubtless there are men among us now in good circumstances and position, aaJio can look back to that year of rutabagas and corn cake, and feel thankful that their lines have since fallen in more pleasant places. The crisis just referred to was the means of retarding the settlement of Zumbrota for many years-. Men Avho had planned to move out here Avith their families Avere unable to do so because they were unable to sell their property in the East. Hence our growth was very slow for some years after the first settlement. Then came the AA'ar of the rebellion, which seemed to upset all previous calculations. All Ave could expect to do during those dark days was to maintain a mere existence. At the call for volunteers some of our very worthy young men enlisted and went into active service in defense of the government. Amos Scofield. George Scofield, John Morrell, William Peck, Edward Davis, and others, are all sleeping in southern graves today, but the mere mention of their names touches a tender spot in many of our hearts. In the years of 1862-63 was built our first church, and in 1866 was built our first school building. Soon after the building of the Congregational church just referred to, our Baptist friends, aaJio for some time had been worshiping as a separate organization, built them a nice little church, and later the Methodist Episcopal society built themselves a comfortable place of worship.” HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 249 ' MILITARY COMPANY. Company D, Zumbrota (By E. F. Davis) — In the early spring of 1885 a handful of young men met in the old Parker hall to take the preliminary steps fox forming a state militia company in Zumbrota. The company was first known as the “Zumbrota Guards, reserve militia,” and was mustered into service March 6, 1885, by Capt. A. P. Pierce of Red AVing. John Stenersen Avas the first captain and the charter members Avere as follows : J. H. Stenersen, P. F. Ryder, Dan Dyerson, F. G. Mitchell, Charles E. Ivolbe, Bert Pease, William Rogers, Herman Shirley, Tim Ala- honey, AVillis George, S. B. Scott, Fred Stecher, Amos Scofield, H. B. Carpenter, C. E. Johnson, Carl L. Strom, AI. L. Webb, A. AY. Thomas, J. C. PoAvers, Leroy Parley, Fred Caffee, C. H. Stearns, Leo Schafer, Albert Woodbury, William Clemens and Frank Halbert. AVillis George and J. C. Powers Avere elected first and second lieutenants, respectively, Avith C. H. Stearns first sergeant and C. E. Johnson second sergeant. AL L. Webb xvas first cor- poral and R. R. Sigmond second corporal. During the first few years of the existence of the company the members Avere com- pelled to furnish their oaaui uniforms, the only thing the state- supplied being the old 50-caliber rifles, belts and bayonets. At the end of the first year J. H. Stenersen resigned to accept a place on Gov. L. F. Hubbard’s staff and C. E. Johnson Avas elected to fill his place. In October, 1885, AVillis George re- signed and C. H. Stearns was elected first lieutenant. The Third Regiment Avas organized in 1887, at which time the- Zumbrota Guards became Company 1) of that organization, and haA r e held their title ever since, being now the oldest company in the state of Minnesota and liaA^ing the distinction of furnishing more field and staff officers than any other company in their regiment. At the first Encampment in 1888 there were only eighteen men, Avho served Avithout pay. This little group shoAved such enthusiasm that there was a much larger number thereafter, although it took a great deal of hard work on the part of Capt. Johnson, as the members received absolutely no aid from the state. In Alarch, 1887, Lieut. PoAvers resigned and Avas succeeded by Sergt. William Clemens. The latter resigned in August, 1887, and Avas succeeded by Private Thomas Brusegaard. In Alarch, 1888, Lieut. Stearns resigned and Sergt. Leo Schafer was elected in his place. Capt. Johnson resigned in 1891 to take the position of major and C. H. Stearns became the third captain of the company. Under his command the members went to Chicago to take part in the dedication of the World’s Fair buildings. Shortly after this Capt. Stearns and Lieut. Schafer resigned and First Sergt. E. S. Person was elected captain and Sergt. AA r . AV. 250 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Kinne first lieutenant. The company again visited the World’s Fair and took part in the Minnesota Day parade, which was during the fall of 1893. Capt. Person was untiring in his efforts to bring the company up to a high standard, and during the en- campments of 1895 and 1896 his command won the gold medal for proficiency in guard duty. In 1897 Capt. Person resigned to accept a position as major of the regiment, and in January, 1898, W. AY. Kinne was elected captain and H. AY. Yochem first lieu- tenant. J. A. Erstacl was at that time second lieutenant, having- been elected some years previous. It was just at this time that the call for volunteers for the Spanish- American war was issued and Company D was among the first to offer their services. One evening when the com- pany was lined up at the armory, Capt. Kinne asked all the members who would volunteer to step two paces to the front. Every man in the company stepped forward, but as they were some short of the 105, to fill out a full company, Col. Johnson furnished the balance of the quota from Mankato. On Thursday, April 28, 1908, the company left Zumbrota amid a scene which will be long remembered by those who witnessed it. Many eyes were dimmed with tears and hearts throbbed with emotion as the boys left home. At that time the non-commissioned officers were : Sergeants, John Houck, George W. Eastman, C. 0. Bon- ham, E. F. Davis, Ii. J. Teich, J.* C. Miller and IT Eastman; corporals, Sid Anderson, AY. P. Armstrong, M. H. Powers, Harry G. Gudcl, Ludwig Johnson, Charles C. Dickenson, Louis Lohman, and others. The company was stationed at the state fair grounds and had a total number of 115 men. About thirty of these had to be rejected, as an order was received for only 84 men to a company. On May 8 the company was mustered in and was known as Company D, 14th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry. A few days later the regiment left Camp Ramsey in three sections for Chickamauga Park, Ga. All along the route citizens turned out to welcome and cheer the troops. Arriving at a small station called Lytle, the regiment marched into the park a few miles, where a camp was assigned them, in company with 60,000 other troops from all parts of the United States. This camp was known as the George IT. Thomas, and the company was brigaded with the First Pennsylvania and Second Ohio Regiments, and known as the third brigade, second division, first army corps, under command of Gen. Rossar, a veteran who fought with the South during the civil war. The extreme heat and poor water began to tell on the men from the North and as a result there was a great deal of sickness, but everyone was anxious to get to the front, and patiently endured the constant drilling, and it was but a HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 251 short time before the Third had the reputation of being the best drilled regiment in the park. In June an order was issued to recruit the companies up to the full strength of 105 men, and Lieut. Erstad was detailed to go back home and perform that duty. Many of the men who were at first rejected were then given a chance and returned with him to join the command. After his return Lieut. Erstad was promoted to first lieutenant and assigned to Company I. First Sergt. John Houck was promoted to second lieutenant and assigned to Company F, and Lieut. Demming of Company E was assigned to Company D. On August 28, 1908, the regiment was transferred from Camp Thomas to Camp Poland, at Knoxville, Tenn., where they re- mained until September 21, and then started on the return trip to St. Paul, arriving there Sept. 23, and went into camp at Camp Van Duzee, betAveen the twin cities. A furlough of thirty days AA 7 as granted to all the men, aaTio returned to their homes for a short period. At this time there was an Indian uprising in the northern part of the state and a detachment from each com- pany was sent to quell the Reds, including several of the D boys, aaJio returned Avithout incident. On reassembling at St. Paul the regiment Avas mustered out of service November 18, 1908. Sergt. George Miles Houck Avas the only, member of the company Avho did not answer to roll call on the return home. He was taken ill at KnoxA 7 ille shortly before leaving and Avhen he arrfced at Chicago Avas too sick to continue the journey and Avas taken to a hospital, where he died October 1. The remains were brought to Zumbrota for burial. TAvice during their stay in the park the regiment Avas ordered to the front and both times they struck tents, packed up all their belongings and had destroyed the feAv luxuries they had accumu- lated for comfort’s sake, such as straw for bedding, boxes for tables, etc., and both times Avere ordered to unpack and pitch tents before they had left the company street. The second time the regiment Avas in line and the column had started to moA r e toward the station when the order was countermanded, which nearly resulted in a riot on the part of the men and only the per- sonal persuasion on the part of the officers preA 7 ented an open rebellion. We do not construe this as a disgraceful act on the part of the men, but it Avell illustrates their Avillingness to get to the front and do actual serAuce. After the muster out of the Fourteenth, Company D resumed its place in the state militia with Capt. Kinne at the head and IT. W. Yochem and E. F. Davis as lieutenants. In May, 1900, Kinne resigned and FI. AY. Yochem Avas elected captain ; Davis 252 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY was advanced to first lieutenant and Sergt. C. 0. Bonham to second lieutenant. In the spring of 1901 Yochem resigned by reason of removal from company station and Kinne was again placed at the head. He removed and Lieut. E. P. Davis was. elected captain, Bonham being advanced and Sergt. J. R. Johnson elected second lieutenant. Davis resigned in 1903 and IT. W. Yochem was again placed in command. Yochem and Bonham resigned in the fall of 1905 and F. W. Wilcox was elected cap- tain ; Johnson pushed up to first lieutenant and M. IT. Powers was elected second lieutenant. Wilcox held office for less than a year and then quit. First Lieut. Johnson took the company to camp that year, after which he resigned and IT. T.. Banks was elected captain and E. F. Davis went into the company again as first lieutenant. In the spring of 1909 Banks and Davis resigned and Second Lieut. M. II. Powers was elected captain, and Sergts. John Logan and Chris. N. Nesseth promoted to first and second lieutenants. Powers removed from company station September 1, 1909, and at the present time the command is in charge of Lieut. John Logan. At this writing there are 67 members in the company, they are well equipped and well drilled and among the number are many good rifle shots who have won medals of distinction on the state rifle range, as well as making good records on their own range. IT. J. Teich is the first sergeant of the company, having served nearly fifteen years with the company and is the oldest first sergeant in the state. The company lias participated in every encampment held by the national guard and in 1901 was with the regiment on an 80-mile march from Milaca to Brainerd. In 1906 they marched across the country from Zumbrota to Lake City. Both of these trips proved instructive as well as enjoyable. There are many other interesting features connected with the history of Company D which cannot be enumerated here, as this article was intended to cite only the more important events which have transpired during the quarter of a century of its existence. VILLAGE SCHOOLS. In 1858 the first village school was formed, taught by Lizzie Shedd, daughter of Rev. Charles Shedd, pastor of the Congrega- tional Church. In the beginning and for several successive years, the sessions of the school were held in the second story room of the store, built just before by T. P. Kellett, on the corner now occupied by the Security State Bank. The building was justly considered at that and for those times as ambitious, elegant and' commodious. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 253 Mrs. Munson came next as teacher, followed by Mrs. C. C. Webster, wife of one of the earliest settlers, and she was followed by Ella AVilder, daughter of Ezra AVilder, another pioneer. Later she married Rev. Air. Sedgwick, then pastor of the Baptist t hurch, who afterward became a physician. Mrs. Ellery Person, wife of Samuel Person, a brother of Messrs. Ralzy and George Person, who were among the early settlers, was the next teacher. Then in succession came Sarah Stowell, Mrs. Preston, Florence Brown, cousin to the hero of Harper’s Ferry and martyr of free- dom for the slave, whose soul is still marching on. Then, still in the Kellett hall came the male teachers, Mr. Griffin and Air. Aldrich, the latter of whom took up his residence in Zumbrota; E. AV. Conat taught in the summer of 1864 at $22 per month: J. B. Griffin in the winter of the same year at $27.50 per month; Florence Brown, winter of ’65, at $22 per month. Before this the general rate of salary for the female teachers was $5 per week. In the school year of 1862-63 and for many years there- after the board of trustees were: J. A. Thacher, director; I. C. Stearns, clerk, and H. Blanchard, treasurer. There were six months of school in two terms of twelve weeks each in 1862-63, and seven months in 1863-64. The appointment of school money from the county in 1862-63 was but $117.70. In the spring of 1863 a movement was started by a petition signed by T. F. Kellett, George Samuel Person and E. L. Kings- bury for the building of a school house. Favorable action was taken and a levy agreed to of 5 mills on all taxable property, to begin the necessary funds. In 1864-65, 2 mills more were voted for schools and 7 mills for school house fund. In 1865-66, 8 mills was voted toward the fund. In Alarch, 1867, it was voted to have three terms of school of twelve weeks each. In March, 1866, definite steps were taken to build a two-story school house, 24 feet high, width 30 feet, length 50 feet. Two lots were first bought and later two more adjoining, in block 40, the cost of the building not to exceed $3,000. The district received from the county treasurer in 1865, $537. The money to build the school house was loaned to the district by private individuals, chief among them being I. C. Stearns, H. H. Palmer, J. A. Thacher, Ezra AVilder and the Ladies’ Sewing Society, with a few gentle- men loaning minor sums. E. L. Kingsbury was the contractor and builder, and received for the job $2,000. In March, 1868, the district voted to have three terms of school per year of thirteen weeks each. This year the county treasurer paid to the district $717. In March, 1870, on motion of Ezra AVilder, it was voted to build another school house and the board was authorized to select a site and proceed with the work. 254 HI ST OK Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY They accordingly decided upon a site adjoining the public square and commenced excavation for the cellar when, serious opposi- tion to that site developing, a special meeting of the district was called in July of that year to decide the matter. By a majority of four votes the site north of the Baptist church was decided upon, the land being donated for that purpose. It has been claimed that the majority was not one of all the voters in the district, but only of those present and voting, a majority of all preferring the much more elevated site, though some of them failed to be on hand at the pinch. In consequence the present fine building is located where it is instead of on a spot where its fine and im- posing proportions and aspect would be much more effective than is now possible. In March, 1871, it Avas voted that there should' be three schools and three terms of thirteen weeks each, and that there should be two male teachers and one female teacher. In 1871 the amount received from the county treasurer was $1,850 and in 1872, $2,200. During this school year Mr. Savage taught the high school for ten weeks. Previously and after the first school house was built, the teachers were O. IT. Parker, Hattie Ward, Emma Barrett, now Mrs. James Farwell ; Lettie Barrett, now Mrs. Harry Sergeant of California; Abby Moody, thfen of York, Maine, and Alice Kendall. At a district meeting held in October, 1872, on motion of J. A. Thacker, it was voted, with but two or three dissenting, to maintain the schools at the highest point of efficiency then attainable and that no backward steps be taken. Recurring briefly to the early beginnings of the work of the schools, of which, unfortunately, for the first years no trace of records can be found, it may be said that the persons to whom were committed the responsibilities of inaugurating and carrying forward the educational interests of the incipient community were men not only deeply interested in the work, but especially qualified to conduct it in such a way as not only to enlist hearty cooperation but also to fix and intensify the public sentiment in favor of unremitting devotion to the cause of sound, practical and thorough mental and moral training of the young people. Each member of the school board had learned the art of teaching by experience in New England. They were J. A. Tliacher, I. C. Stearns and C. C. Webster. During all the years that have fol- lowed, the board has never been without members who were leading citizens, interested in their duties and competent to per- form them so as to carry forward the cause which, to the lioner of our village can be said, has been always near her heart. The first school house being on an elevated site and in itself a hand- some building, having a fine front and crowned with a tasteful HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 255 cupola, was, with the church, the conspicuous objects, arresting the eye as one approaching the town reached the brow of the prairie, where it descends toward the valley. Its two school rooms, above and below, were approached from the south. In 1872, after only six years of use, it caught tire one evening, on the roof, from some unexplained cause and was burned to the ground. The desks in the lower room were saved and were used in one of the rooms of the upper floor of the house built in 1870. At the time of the fire a festival was being held in the second story open room of the building so recently destroyed by the same element, and the shock of sudden discovery of it brought the gathering to an abrupt close. The new school building of two stories, high posted, dimen- sions 40 by 60 feet, built in 1870, costing $4,000 not including furnishings, had the two lower rooms at once finished and put to use. Teachers employed during the earlier years were Mr. Parker, Emma Barrett. Persis Scofield and Jessie Hall, who later becoming the wife of Charles A. Ward, and L. D. Henry, the principal for one year. All these teachers gave satisfaction. Later Mr. Henry acted as clerk in the store of II. II. Palmer and subsequently married one of his pupils, Jennie Weatherhead. For several years four teachers were employed, including the head master. The resources of the district steadily increased, as well as the number of the pupils. The salaries of the teachers also were gradually increased. AVith Mr. Henry the school rose to the grade of a high school, though not, of course, of the first class, at that time. Benjamin Darby was principal in 1872, a success- ful instructor and a man of powerful physique. It is said that when the fire which consumed the earlier school house was dis- covered, Prof. Darby and E. L. Melius, then in trade here and afterwards a physician of good standing, were among the first to enter the burning building, seeking to save whatever of value could be snatched from the flames. The egress by the stairway being cut off, they descended by a ladder, Mr. Darby with the big heating stove in his arms, while Mr. Melius bore off something less weighty. M. B. Green, an esteemed teacher, was principal in 1873-74, one year. Then Miss Wood for a short time was princi- pal. In the fall of 1876 A. B. Guptill of Red Wing, a former resi- dent of Lubec, Maine, became principal and remained till the spring following. In 1876 district No. 68 became independent, the school board assuming the duties and responsibilities that ordinarily rest upon a majority of the legal voters of school dis- tricts. The number of pupils in the primary department, taught by Miss Scofield, was 62 ; in the intermediate, taught by Miss 256 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Hall, 48; in the high school, taught by Mr. Guptill, 36; the num- ber of Mr. Parker ’s room is not given. Mr. Fletcher succeeded Mr. Guptill for a short time in the spring of 1877, a worthy man, fond of music and excelling as a flutist. In the fall of 1877 Mr. Mooney, also a native of Lubec, recommended by Dr. Tupper, who had known him there, took charge of the school for one term. Later he became a practicing lawyer in his native town. In the fall of 1878 W. A. Snook succeeded to the principalship. He was a rigid disciplinarian, possessing both moral and physical courage for all emergencies. The modern history of Zumbrota schools is found elsewhere in this history. PUBLIC LIBRARY. (By Mrs. Gilbert P. Murphy.) The Zumbrota Public Library. — There are in Goodhue county two free public libraries, one at Red "Wing, the other at Zum- brota. "While the Red Wing library takes precedence as regards size, it must yield the palm as regards age to the Zumbrota library, which can trace its beginning to a period forty years ago. For some years during the early history of Zumbrota one of the most popular organizations in town was the Zumbrota Literary Society, at whose weekly meetings old and young, both men and women, gathered, finding therein much mental stimulus as well as recreation. Several prominent members of this or- ganization, notable among them being Joseph A. Tliacher, be- came, during the winter of 1868 and 1869, much interested in the matter of a town library. The few books which the early settlers had brought from their eastern homes had been circu- lated through the neighborhood until everybody had read them. Periodicals were few and expensive. The literary society was cramped in preparing its programs by dearth of material, and individuals were hungry for good literature. After considerable agitation of the question, a new organization superseded the literary society, called the Zumbrota Literary Society and Li- brary Association. By paying the sum of fifteen dollars, any individual could become a life member of the association, he and his family being thereby entitled to the use of the library for life. About twenty were found who became life members at this time, the following being a necessarily imperfect list of the names : J. A. Thacher, J. C. Stearns, E. L. Halbert, H. II. Palmer, Henry Blanchard, John Mitchell, Charles A. Ward, Sr., Charles Ward, Jr., O. H. Parker, J. B. Locke, Henry Shecld, Mathias P. Ringdahl, William AYells, B. C. Grover, James Cram, D. B. Scofield, T. D. Rowell and T. P. Kellett. The first actual con- HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 257 tritration toward the library fund was a cord of wood, con- tributed by Mat-liias P. Kingdahl. To the money obtained from life membership fees and voluntary contributions was added the proceeds of an oyster supper, given to celebrate the organization of the new association, and with these funds about 275 books were purchased and placed in a room over the store building; owned by Mr. Thacher and located where the Great Western station now stands, 0. H. Parker being appointed librarian. Many of us who now take pride and pleasure in our beautiful library building can distinctly remember, as children, walking the length of the store, climbing the narrow, dusty stairway at the back, traversing a dark lane formed by piles of packing boxes, to the front of the store again, where we selet-ted a library book from one of the tAvo cases stationed by the window, then through the lane and doAvn again to have the book charged to our name at the desk in the rear of the store. Sometimes Ave made the charge ourselves, for, since the librarian’s labors were gratuitous, they must be as light as possible. In February, 1877. Zumbrota became an incorporated village and not long after the library became the Free Public Library of Zumbrota, to be supported by a one-mill tax. Henceforth Ave find it in charge of a board appointed by the village council, and almost immediately the books Avere removed to Good Templars’ hall, in the building OAA'ned by Charles Anderson. Mrs. James Cram ay as elected librarian, with Ida Weatherhead, Mrs. Cooper and Amanda Dam as assistants, and these ladies kept the reading room open two afternoons and one evening of each A\mek, giving their oavii time to this for the good of the cause. After a year or tAvo came another change. The library Avas moA r ed into the building occupied, by the Misses Walker’s millinery establishment and Miss Walker became and was for many years librarian. Dr. 0. H. Hall, for tAventv years chairman of the committee for selecting neAV books, in writing of this period said that much of the prosperity of the library during these years was due to Miss Walker’s faithful and painstaking Avork in its behalf, for which the small sum paid her for rent and care Avas no adequate compensation. When a change became necessary by reason of Miss Walker’s retiring from the millinery business, the library Avas moved into the Security State Bank building, and for some time a great deal of the Avork of conducting and caring for it Avas done by George A. Thacher, aaJio selected neAV books, catalogued those on hand, and Avas first to agitate the question of a Carnegie library, al- though it Avas some years before the building became a fact. James FarAvell, Avliile mayor of Zumbrota, Avhicli position he HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY ,v!58 held for three years, was deeply interested in the prosperity of the library, and it was largely through his efforts that the plans for a library building were successful, Andrew Carnegie fur- nishing the $6,500 which our building cost on the usual condition that a sum equal to 10 per cent of that amount be annually de- moted by the village to the library. At the time of its completion in May, 1908, the structure was the smallest library building- in the state. It provides a Avell arranged one-room library on the ground floor, with wall shelves, reading tables and librarian’s desk. It is lighted by electricity and doubtless in the near future will be furnished with an adequate heating plant. There is a rest room furnished by Zumbrota business men in the basement. The rest room is open all May. The library is open every evening except Sunday, and on Saturday and Sunday afternoons. Hattie Marvin, who is a graduate of the state university and has also completed the library course at the University summer school, is librarian and, like many of her predecessors in that position, is profoundly interested in the advancements of the library, .and gives much gratuitous time to the work. There is no institution which so thoroughly gives evidence of the real spirit of Zum- brota as does our library, established in the pioneer cla'ys of hardship, persistently supported and increased through the changing fortunes of forty years, its work done largely by volun- teers, with unwavering determination and unfailing enthusiasm, Zumbrota ’s citizens have loved and labored for their library and now, in its new home, with two thousand books upon its shelves and thirteen periodicals upon its reading tables, and with an able and enthusiastic librarian, there seems no reason why its future may not be of the brightest. ZUMBROTA TOWNSHIP. Zumbrota comprises township 110, range 15, and originally included Minneola, which was set off in June, 1860. It is bounded on the north by Goodhue, east by Wabasha county, south by Pine Island and west by Minneola. Through a larger part of the southern tier of sections runs one of the branches of the Zumbro, and from this river the name of the township is derived. The surface is largely rolling prairie, with higher, un- dulating land in the northwestern portions. The first settler was William Fiske, who came in 1854 and took a claim on Dry Run, in the southeastern part. Fiske was a man of strong personality. He was born, in Maine and for some years was a sailor. Of hermit tendencies, he tried to get as far from civilization as possible. He died in 1878 and is buried in the cemetery at Mazeppa, Wabasha county. Aaron Doty and HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 359 C. W.. Smith were also* early settlers, as was C. P. Bouney, who arrived May 26, 1856, and built a cabin. It is related that for the first six weeks Mrs. Bonney saw the face of no white man but her husband. In the fall of 1855 Rev. H. N. Gates, a missionary who had been laboring in Iowa, returned to Stafford, Connecticut, where he had formerly lived, and proposed organizing an emigration company to establish a colony in the AYest. The first meeting was held in Stafford, at which time the company was organized, under the name of Stafford Western Emigration Company, with Albert Barrett, of Stafford, as president and Charles AA r ard. of Lowell, Mass., as secretary. The following members constituted thfi board: T. P. Kellett. Josiah Thompson, Joseph Bailey, D. B. Goddard. Dr. Ira Perry, James Elwell, Milton Bonner, Samuel Chaffee, Ruben A. Smith and C. C. AVebster. At a meeting held in Palmer, Mass., January, 1856, they adjourned to meet at Lowell in February, 1856. One hundred and sixty persons joined the association at the time of the adjourned meeting in Lowell and the capital stock paid in at that time was $30,000. At this meeting Rev. IT. N. Gates, Albert Barrett and Air. Sher- wood were appointed a committee to go to Iowa or Minnesota and purchase a township of land. The funds of the association were placed at the disposal of Rev. H. N. Gates, chairman of the com- mittee. Nothing was heard from the committee after their de- parture until the latter part of A I ay, 1856, when a call for a meeting was issued by the secretary, Charles AVard, stating that the committee had returned and would report. Gates and Sher- wood both made reports but disagreed, and the company dis- banded. A smaller company was formed soon after. There were certain transportation concessions that had been made to the old company and the company wished to secure these and at the same time not have the name of the old company, a thing which was accomplished by the insertion of the letter “r” in the old name, the new designation being the Strafford AVestern Emigra- tion Company. The members were Josiah Thompson, Ira Perry, Joseph Bailey, D. B. Goddard, T. P. Kellett and Samuel Chaffee. In the latter part of July or early part of August, 1856, some of the members of the company came to this part of Alinnesota and, after looking over the country in different localities. Samuel Chaffee, D. B. Goddard and Joseph Bailey came across the Zum- bro river valley with the intention of returning to New England via Red AVing. As they ascended the hill north of where the village of Zumbrota now stands, Samuel Chaffee discovered the beauties of the valley, and probably to him belongs the credit for the subsequent settlement of the colony at that point. The fol- 260 HI ST OB Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY lowing day the party arrived in Red Wing, where Mr. Chaffee, who had been taken ill on the journey, died, August 9, 1856. His remains still repose in the cemetery at Red Wing. There was quite a tide of immigration to Zumbrota, chiefly among those who belonged to the company, in the fall of 1856 and spring of 1857. Frink and Walker’s stage route from Du- buque to St. Paul had previously been established through the township, but in March, 1857, the route was changed so as to lead through the village. T. P. Kellett was the first postmaster. The first death was that of John Cameron, December, 1856. William E. Winter was married in May, 1857, his being the first marriage in the township. An active participant in the settlement of Zumbrota* is authority for the following items regarding the early days of the township: “Zumbrota was settled by a small fragment of a large company called the Stafford AYestern Emigration Company. The original company was organized in the winter of 1855-56. This company contained over 150 members, most of them heads of families. Its members were mainly from Massachusetts and Connecticut. It had a paid up capital of $30,000. The plan con- templated the purchase of at least a township of land in one body, and laying out a village in the center of the tract. The aim of the projectors was to plant a distinctively New England colony in the West. At a meeting of the company at Lowell, Mass., in February, 1856, the organization was perfected and plans matured to transplant the colony in the early spring as soon as a suitable site could be selected by the committee of three chosen for the purpose. This committee started for the West soon after the meeting at Lowell and took with them about $30,000, with which to purchase land and make the needed improvements ready for the colonists, when they should arrive. It would be tedious to relate the details which followed the de- parture of the committee for the AYest. Suffice it to say that not one of the committee was a practical man. They had no ac- quaintance with western affairs. And at least two out of the three seem to have had separate schemes of their own by which each hoped to subserve his own interest, or that of his friends and backers. The result was such as might have been expected. There soon developed dissensions and divisions in the committee. After wasting some three months of time and $3,000 of the com- pany’s funds, the company was called together again in May, at Lowell, to hear the report of the chairman of the committee. The outcome of this meeting was a dissolution of the original company and a repayment of the funds to the members, less the amount expended or squandered by the committee. This re- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 261 payment of the funds was obtained through the unflinching in- tegrity of Charles Ward. “Immediately upon the breaking up of the original com- pany, a few of its members proceeded to reorganize a new com- pany upon a much smaller scale. Several members of this com- pany immediately started, for Minnesota in order to find a location for their little colony. Instead of a special committee, the members constituted themselves a committee of the whole, and upon their arrival in Minnesota started out in search of land. They had agreed upon Red Wing as a place of rendezvous, where they should meet and compare notes. A company of three of these explorers, who seem to have been a leading sub-com- mittee of the company, in the latter part of July, 1856, proceeded to the southwest of that point to a southerly portion of the then territory of Minnesota. This committee consisted of Joseph Bailey, Daniel B. Goddard and Samuel Chaffee. After several days of weary search for government land that could be had for their purpose, and finding nothing to their liking, they started on their return to Red Wing, weary, footsore and discouraged, fully resolved to return to New England. “Let us now for a brief period leave our travelers making their melancholy journey to the Mississippi river, and give a feiv moments’ attention to what has transpired in the valley of the north branch of the Ziunbro. There was a beautiful valley, three miles in width, and perhaps four miles in length, through the center of which the Ziunbro coursed like a serpentine band of silver. On account of this tract not being represented on the maps of the time as surveyed lands it was supposed by many to be on the ‘Half Breed’ tract, so called, consequently up to the midsummer of 1856 scarcely a settler had ventured into this beautiful valley. No road traversed it. The trail of the red men and the old paths left by the buffalo were the only evidence re- maining that any living 1 creature had ever traversed the valley. The old territorial road from St. Paul to Dubuque crossed the Zumbro about one and one-half miles below the lower end of this valley. In the spring of 1856 a backwoodsman by the name of Smith, who was a born pioneer and could no more endure civilization than a Sioux Indian, who, nevertheless, was shrewd and scheming, in one of his hunting trips for deer, ducks and prairie chickens, strolled over the divide from the big woods on the middle branches of the Zumbro, where he had settled the year before, into the above described valley. lie found to his surprise that no settler had invaded its precincts. His interest was aroused. He traveled over its length and breadth, appre- ciated both its beauty and its advantages, though one may sup- 262 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY pose that its beauties in his mind had more of a practical than an aesthetic value. Visiting the valley several times he discovered that near the center was an ideal site for a town; that the road from Red Wing to the southwest, if straightened, would cross the Zumbro in the center of his proposed townsite, and that there was a natural crossing at that point. .He also discovered that by straightening the St. Paul and Dubuque road it would also cross the center of this valley. Keeping all this to himself, he found a man by the name of Aaron Doty, who would preempt a quarter- section in the valley and share the land with him after the title was obtained from the government. Meantime he had traced out the route for the change of the Red Wing and Mantorville road, and stationed himself somewhere near the center of the present town of Roscoe, in order to intercept some of the many teams which were passing from towns and points south toward Red Wing. He was able, now and then, to persuade one to try the new route over the trackless prairie. In this way, after a while, there was a wagon track that could be followed in the direction he desired, straightening the former road. It was late in July or early in August of 1856, Smith and Doty had the walls of their shanty built to the height of some ten feet. It had as yet no roof. A few boards leaned against the inside wall furnished them a rude shelter during the rain and at night. Occasionally a way- farer would stop and share the hospitality of Smith, whose wife had come over from the woods to keep house for her husband. Doty, who was unmarried, boarded with Smith. The sun was approaching the horizon one afternoon when three weary travel- ers called at Smith’s shanty and asked for a drink of water and some food. They were informed by Smith, who was delighted that his new road was beginning to be traveled, that he could accommodate them. Smith’s wife soon spread before them on a rough board table such viands as her larder afforded, consist- ing of wheat bread, molasses and cold boiled venison, some coffee, black as ink, without milk or sugar, and a refreshing- drink of cold water from a spring near by. These three travelers were the sub-committee whom we left journeying toward Red Wing. They anxiously inquired the distance to Red Wing, and also the distance to the nearest stopping place on the road, Smith having no accommodation for them over night. They concluded to go on as far as'Moer’s, who had a log house where Luther Chap- man’s house was later erected. Smith, with his shrewd in- quisitiveness, had drawn out of these men the object of their journey and the fact of their failure to find what they were seeking for. Learning that they were the representatives of a colony and had been upon an unsuccessful search for a suitable HISTORY OP GOODHUE COUNTY 263 location, Smith, with his rude enthusiasm, told them that he had just the spot for them ; that the place where they now were was the promised land. He expatiated upon the fact that the center of the valley was, just the place for a town; that there was an abundance of vacant land all around ; pointed out the further fact that that particular point was the natural center of travel from St. Paul to Dubuque, Wabasha to Faribault, and Red Wing to Mantorville, and other points to the southwest which made Red Wing their shipping point. But our travelers were too weary and discouraged to listen to Smith’s suggestions and propo- sitions. Samuel Chaffee, one of the three, an elderly man, Avas not only weary but sick. It Avas AA T ith difficulty that he could travel at all. He reached Red Wing the next day and died a feAV days after. As the trio ascended the northern slope of the val- ley Mr. Chaffee, in his weak condition, sat doAvn to rest. Turn- ing his eyes toward the river, as the sun was casting its last rays upon the landscape, the view that met his gaze Avas one of un- equalled beauty. So impressed was he that he called out to his associates to stop and look at the landscape as he Avas doing. At first they chided him for delaying their progress, but at his solicitation they returned to his side. He exclaimed to them, ‘ Hoa\ f beautiful! Why is not that the spot Ave have been looking for!’ His companions became interested also. As the shadows of evening began to fall the three men arose Avith a profound conviction that the beautiful valley before them Avas their Canaan. It continued to be the theme of their conversation while picking their Avay along the faint wagon tracks on the prairie, and at their lodging place. During the next day, with more hope than they had felt before, they made their way to Red Wing — Goddard and Bailey weak and footsore, Chaffee sick unto death. At Red Wing they found several of their associates awaiting them. They reported what they had found in the-val- ley of the Zumbro. It Avas resoWed by all of them that the place should be A T isited the next day. The other members of the party Avere Josiah Thompson, T. P. Kellett, Albert Barrett and Dr. Ira Perry. On the folloAving morning, leaving Goddard to take care of his sick companion, Chaffee, the others chartered a conveyance and repaired to the A y alley of promise. It Avas afternoon when they came in sight of it. The Avhole party Avere in ecstasies over the vieAv that met their eyes, and all with one accord exclaimed that it Avas the place for which they had been seeking for so long. “They were soon in conference Avith Smith and Doty. The 100 acres preempted by Doty was negotiated for at a Ioav price, each retaining an interest with the company, which Avas denomi- 2G4: HISTOKY OF GOODHUE COUNTY natecl the Strafford "Western Emigration Company. Smith, who knew every acre of land in the valley, pointed out to them the claims, very few of which had as yet been taken. Three or four pioneers had settled in the valley besides Smith and Doty, but they were soon bought out. Each of those present selected a claim for himself and one or two of his friends, who in some cases were real and in others imaginary. The land office was at Winona, where all those who had selected claims repaired and made the necessary filing. On their return the party fell in with several persons who were seeking places in the West where they could settle, among them J. A. Thacher, a civil engineer and surveyor. He was induced to go along with the company. Mean- time they had found a surveyor by the name of Beckwith, whom they had engaged to survey their townsite. Upon the return of the party from Winona, the townsite Avas surveyed and platted under the auspices of Messrs. Beckwith and Thacher. The shape of the original townsite was unique. It extended from the Zum- bro river, one mile in length and about seventy rods in width. It is a matter of tradition that the reason for laying out the town in this shape -was that the toAvn avouIcI eA r entually grow to large dimensions and Avould extend across the river. The toAvnsite Avas bounded on its Avest for its Avliole length by a school section which Avas not then aAmilable. The 160 acres east of the surveyed toAvnsite was claimed by S. P. Gambia, of Red Wing, who had be- come a member of the company and Avho had promised, so far as he dared to do before getting the title to his land, that he would turn it in to the company and have it laid out in lots. One of the members had purchased of a settler a quarter-section, north of the school section, which some of the party alleged Avas to be turned in to the company and become a part of the extensive townsite, Avhile Joseph Bailey and Ira Perry, getting possession of the adjacent land across the river, Avere to turn in that, in due course of time, to the company for a further addition to the townsite. Alas, for human expectations! The north quarter of the original strip of land laid out for a townsite Avas all and more than Avas needed for toAvn purposes for many years after the events here narrated. “Smith and Doty’s shanty soon became a hotel. TraA r el had set in over the neAv road and many wayfarers Avere glad to avail themselves of the hospitality of the hostelry. Most of the mem- bers of the company lodged in the board shanty across the river, but took their meals at Smith’s. Smith’s hotel for several months Avas the center of interest and influence in the embryo city. A description of it may not be uninteresting: In dimensions it Avas 12 by 18 feet on the ground, and 12 feet to the eaves. It Avas HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY •265 built of poplar logs about 8 and 10 inches in diameter, roughly hewn on the inside and outside. The interstices between the logs were filled with clay, according to the most primitive archi- tecture. The floor for the upper story was about eight feet from the lower floor, and both floors were rough boards. The upper story was used exclusively as a sleeping room. There was a small window in the east gable. In this attic there were as many beds as could be placed, some on rude bedsteads and some on the floor. These beds were made of prairie hay, and the bed clothes were mainly'cheap blankets. There were also two beds in the lower room, standing end to end. During the autumn the cooking and much of the housework was done in a lean-to shed at one end of the cabin. Soon after the location of the company, new arrivals were frequent, until Smith’s hotel Avas filled to overflowing. The table fare was abundant, if not always palat- able. But in those days appetites Avere good and the food was eagerly disposed of. The fare consisted mainly of bread made from wheat flour, mixed with the fry of pork and baked in large iron pans; salt pork, occasionally boiled; fresh beef or venison, which sometimes Avas allowed to remain out in the sun until it became slippery before it was cooked. Vegetables Avere rare; butter likeAvise, and Avhen furnished Avas, in strength, about five horse poAver. Molasses Avas a staple article. Coffee, or a decoc- tion Avhich Avent by that name, Avas an ever-present beverage. Those avIio lodged at Dr. Perry’s shanty OA r er the river had com- fortable beds and pure air, at least. All Avas activity and stir. Everyone Avas eager to secure a claim and get his shanty up before Avinter. Soon all the travel from Red Wing to the south- Avard passed through the neAA r settlement. The amount of team- ing increased daily, and in a feAv Aveeks the neAv road became a busy thoroughfare. Trouble about this time arose over the claims Avhich settlers had selected for friends, as they pretended. One of the settlers saved a claim near his own ostensibly for a friend, and then sold it for $350. This caused all kinds of trouble. Smith Avas indignant, as, in his interest for the settlers, he had given up the chance of making many a fat fee for locating casual settlers. The matter Avas finally adjusted to the satisfaction of Smith and of the company; but soon outside parties learned of these claims, held for so-called but largely imaginary friends, and began to settle on them, as Avas their legal right to do, and soon no claims Avere held except such as had been filed on ac- cording to Ltw. “The question of naming the neAv toAvn Avas the cause of no little discussion. Zumbrota Avas finally decided upon. The orig- inal members of the company Avere not men of practical ex- 266 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY perience and broad views in the matter of town building. The trustees, especially, were very narrow and short-sighted. They placed an extravagant price upon their town lots and were not liberal enough to devote any for much desired and needed im- provements. One of the most important needs of the new town was a hotel. Ezra Wilder came over from Oronoco to build on^. The trustees gave him no attention and were unwilling to make any concessions to him. Doty finally sold him two lots at a reasonable price in an undesirable location. He proceeded to erect a building for a hotel late in the fall, which he was not able to make comfortable till midwinter, although it was actually occupied at the beginning of the winter. The frame of. the build- ing was put up and it was sided and the roof shingled by De- cember 1 . The weather was extremely cold and a considerable depth of snow was on the ground. Into this he moved his wife and several children. Smith’s cabin was full to overflowing. Another family besides Smith’s occupied the lower floor, while the attic was filled with lodgers. Wilder laid a loose floor in the second story of his building over the cook stove, and hung up- sheets to keep the snow out. Upon this floor a bed, filled with prairie hay, was laid and two men lodged there for some weeks, with the mercury outside at 30 below zero, and but a trifle above that indoors where they slept. Wilder’s family consisted of his wife and two daughters. How these women endured the rigors of that terrible winter in the half finished building has ever been a mystery. So cold was it that, within four feet of the cook stove where these women cooked, water would freeze in the men’s beards while washing. A few families came on in the fall, but they suffered many hardships and deprivations, which can scarcely be realized at this day. There were many eases of sick- ness and much discouragement. Dr. Perry’s wife was sick all winter and nearly insane. Others were similarly affected. One poor fellow was taken down with typhoid fever at Smith ’s ; the house was full of boarders ; he soon died from want of care — it could not be given him. All travel soon ceased. Occasionally someone would go to Red Wing for the mail and needed supplies. T. P. Kellet had opened a store with a small stock of goods. No postoffice was established until the following spring. Locomo- tion on the prairies was made on snow shoes. Those remote from timber found it difficult to keep warm during the winter. Snow fell about November 20 and remained on the ground until May of the following spring. Notwithstanding the setting in of winter, all parties were eagerly planning to advance the interests of the new town. It was determined to change the route of the HISTOKY OE GOODHUE COUNTY 2 67 St. Paul and Dubuque stage through Zumbrota, and to open a road from Wabasha, on the Mississippi river, to Faribault. ‘‘The few members of the company remaining all the winter in Zumbrota were busy planning for the opening of spring, when large accessions of settlers were expected, and the parties who had gone east were expected to return with their families. The first important end to gain was to open the St. Paul and Dubuque stage road through Zumbrota. The stage company had promised to make the change if a passable road could be made. To open this road it became necessary to break a new track from Lee ? s, four miles southeast of Zumbrota, to Hacler, eight miles to the northwest. All the inhabitants in the settlement and along the proposed new route turned out on an appointed day, with shovels and axes, to cut down the brush and break through the snow crust, and a few yoke of oxen to tread the snow crust into some semblance of a road. After several days of hard work the road was declared passable and, to the unspeakable delight of all, the stage for the first time made the trip through the incipient town. This was a great event. The next move was to secure a post office. This was eventually done and T. P. Kellett appointed post- master. The next important enterprise inaugurated was a bridge over the Zumbro at the foot of Main street. This bridge con- sisted of stringers of oak laid from bank to bank, upon which were laid for a floor po.plar poles, hewed flat on the upper and lower sides. This primitive bridge was the only one for several years. After the middle of March old settlers began to return and new ones started to come in. The ice did not break up on Lake Pepin until May 1, so that many of the families of the settlers were obliged to remain at the foot of the lake for days and weeks. There was a rush of people to Zumbrota in the spring. Many found claims on the prairie, a few settled in town. A large number, finding no chance of employment and no build- ing material at hand, left for other parts. Those who remained exerted themselves to the utmost to boom the new town. A flour- ing mill was built, other enterprises inaugurated, high hopes were entertained and the prospects bore a roseate hue. The financial panic of 185-7 blasted the hopes of the settlers, and it was many years before the town regained its prosperity and courage.” The first town meeting in Zumbrota, including what is now the township of Minneola, was held July 5, 1858, in the public hall over T. P. Kellett ’s store, in the village of Zumbrota. The officers elected at this meeting were : Supervisors, T. C. Stearns (chairman), T. D. Rowell and George Sanderson; clerk, Charles Jewett; assessor, James Cram; collector, C. S. Spendly; over- seer of the poor, Albert Barrett; justices. Albert G. Hawkes and HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 268 Charles "Ward ; constables, C. S. Spendly and Henry Shedd. The supervisors since the organization of the township have been: 1858, I. C. Stearns; 1859-60-61, J. A. Timelier; 1862, T. P. Kellett; 1863, J. A. Thacher; 1864-65-66, II. Blanchard; 1867-68-69-70-71, •J. A. Thacher; 1872-73-74-75-76, S. B. Barteau; 1877-78, S. C. Holland; 1879-80-81, AY. B. Dickey; 1882-83, S. S. Dam; 1884, S. B. Barteau; 1885-86-87, Ed Woodbury; 1888, Freeman Pearson (died in office) ; 1889, W. B. Dickey; 1890-91, Bond Olson; 1892- 93-94, E. A. Bigelow; 1895-96, Bond Olson; 1897-98-99, T. J. Mar- tin; 1900, L. E. Cook (removed during office) ; 1901-02-03-04-05-06. Charles A. Nelson; 1907-08-09, M. G. Morgan. The clerks have been: 1858-59, Charles Jewett; 1859-60, I. C. Stearns (appointed July 1, 1859) ; 1861, A. W. Williamson; 1862, I. C. Stearns; 1863 to 1870, Charles Ward ; 1874-72, M. H. Thorson ; 1873, O. II. Par- ker; 1874-75-76-77, Charles Ward ; 1878 to 1883, D. B. Scofield; 1884, John English; 1885 to 1891, Charles Ward. Since that date Charles A. Ward has served continuously as clerk, with the ex- ception of a small part of the year 1895, when II. Runnells served. Those who enlisted from here, who are still remembered by the old settlers, were: James L. Batty, William A. Bickford, Nathan Buckingham, William E. Barnes, Joseph Bonney, Ed- ward E. Davis, William Dowling, II. Iv. Eggleston, Sanford C. Holland, F. C. Hill, Orrin C. Leonard, J. II. Miner, Leonard B. Morris, John A. Merrill, William McDonough, Lieut. Bond Ol- son, Iliraman B. Patterson, George Reeves, James Reeves, Will- iam Reeves, Benjamin J. Smith, Thomas Edwards, Francis Wyman and Daniel D. Michaels. Others who were credited to this village but who are not now remembered are : Goswin Dumers. Christian Ewen, Oswald Ewen, Michael Honan, John Howes, George AY. Knowlton, David C. Grow, Thomas Foster, James II. Giles, Cabel Plant, George Iv. Clark, Patrick McCarty, AYilliam J. Weston, Josiah Whitford, Amund Amundson, Chaun- cey Puglier, Peter J. Ililden, Edward Lauderdale and Charles Root. In explanation of these latter names, practically none of whom are connected with this village, ‘it is said that Joseph Thacher, then state senator and deputy provost marshal at the recruiting station in St. Paul, persuaded a number of recruits to give Zumbrota as their residence, thus filling the township quota, even though the recruits had never resided in this locality. William F. Bevers is one of the well known men of the county, having in succession been a prominent citizen of AYelch, Red AVing and Zumbrota. He was born in Jacksonville, 111., March 31, 1845. son of Benjamin and Jane (Hall) Bevers, natives of old Yorkshire, England. After leaving their home land, their first location was in Illinois, where they farmed on the fertile prairie HISTOKY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 269 lands of that state from sometime in the early forties until the spring of 1855. They then came up the river to Eed Wing, bringing with them their son, William F. The father, after landing here, May 10, 1855, secured employment in the stone quarries, in the meantime looking about for a suitable farm loca- tion. The valleys of Welch, which were not settled as soon as the other townships, attracted his attention’, and in 1857 he took his family there and staked out a claim on section 10, where he broke 280 acres, built a home and carried on general farming on a large scale. Later he rented his farm, and purchasing- ten acres of land near Red Wing, lived a life of comparative retirement until his death in 1877. The mother died in Novem- ber, 1855. William F., brought up on a farm, received his educa- tion in the public schools and at Hamline University, at that time located in Red Wing. He then continued farming with his parents until reaching his majority, at which time he purchased 120 acres on section 10, Welch township. Of this tract Mr. Severs broke evei’y foot, and carried on general farming with much success until 1881, when he moved to Red Wing and asso- ciated himself with the IT. S. Rich & Co. hardware concern, for whom he handled farm implements and machinery. After five years of residence in Red Wing, he came to Zumbrota and acted as general manager of the branch store which the Rich company established here. So greatly did his accommodating- spirit and honest dealings commend themselves to the people of the village and township, that after nine years with the Zumbrota branch of the Rich company, his friends persuaded him to make a venture on his own account. This he did, succeeding the company of which he had for so many years been the general manager. The firm was continued until 1908 under the firm name of W. F. Bevers & Son. A branch under the same title has been established at Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, with the son, William A., as general manager. Mr. Bevers has now practically retired from active business life, still retaining his extensive interests in the Red Wing Manufacturing Company, the Red Wing Union Stone- ware Company, the First State Bank of Zumbrota and the Secur- ity Bank of Zumbrota. His political career, which has been both distinguished and honorable, includes two years as president of the village council of Zumbrota, three years as an alderman in Red Wing, and four years as president of the Zumbrota board of education. For two years he was second lieutenant 10th Regi- ment, State Militia. William F. Bevers was married February 23, 1872, at Lake City, Minn., to Sarah Linn, daughter of John and Catherine Linn, natives of Ohio and eaidy settlers of Welch. They afterward removed to Marshall, Minn., and finally went 270 HI ST OB Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY east to Maryland, where they both died. To Mr. and Mrs. Bevers were born two children. William A., born December 4, 1874, married Luella Grover. Mary E., born October 9, 1879, is the wife of Boy Sigmond, of Zumbrota. Mr. Bevers is a Bepublican in politics and a communicant of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mrs. Bevers died in the summer of 1909, and her death was a severe blow to her family and friends. CHAPTER XVII. COUNTY SCHOOLS. First School Taught — First District Organized — Anecdotes of the Early Days — Statistics — Summer Schools — Library Asso- ciation — High Schools — Church Schools — City Superinten- dents — County Superintendents — Sunday School Work — Hamline University — Red Wing Seminary — Villa Marie — Lutheran Ladies’ Seminary— Orphans ’ Home — State Train- ing School — Business Colleges — By Prof. Julius Boraas. The first settlers of Goodhue county had a strong faith in the value of an education. Those who came from the New England states brought with them the noble ideals of early New England traditions, according to which the first things a community thought of as a community was its school and its church. The immigrants who came directly from Europe came from countries in which education was valued highly and schools well developed. It was natural, therefore, that as. soon as a settlement was made anywhere in the county some provision would be made for a school. Even before any public schools could be organized private schools Avere taught, the first one of which any record is knoAvn being held in one'of the old Indian mission houses in Red "Wing during the year of 1853 and taught by Mrs. H. L. Bevans. The first school district organized was District No. 1 at Red Wing, in 1854. Then followed in the order of townships the organization of districts in Wacouta, Burnside, Welch, Stanton, Cannon Falls, Vasa, Featherstone, Hay Creek, Florence, Central Point, Belvidere, Goodhue, Belle Creek, Leon. Warsaw, Holden, Wanamingo, Minneola, Zumbrota, Cherry Grove, Pine Island, Roseoe, and Kenyon. It was natural that the conditions of the schools during the first years of pioneer life should be rather primitive. Schools Avere sometimes kept in private buildings. One is mentioned as being kept in a “lean to,” a sort of summer kitchen; another was kept in the attic of a small log cabin where the rafters were so low that the Superintendent had to beware of bumping his head when visiting the school. One school was kept in a large 271 272 HI ST OB Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY barn in the basement of which were the stables for horses and cattle. Benches without backs were the only seats, and the door had to be kept open to afford light. Shooing chickens and ducks and pigs was part of the program. Quite commonly the schools were kept in log cabins which had been used while pre-empting some claim. One of these cabins is described as follows: - “The house stood alone on the prairie, which was somewhat rolling, and entirely out of sight of any neighboring house. There was a large square opening, left for a window, on one side. About the middle of the roof there was a smaller opening, which had been used to accommodate a stove pipe. These were used to let in the light. There was also a door at one corner of the building, where light would come in when the weather was pleasant. The door itself had neither hinges nor fastenings. The young lady teacher had plenty of exercise in removing and replacing the door in windy weather. She said in answer to some inquiries of the superintendent that she was obliged to place a large prop against the door oftentimes to keep out the wind, and in case of a hard' shower, “we huddle together in the dryest corner.” In 1864 there were nominally one hundred districts in the county, but only eighty-seven of these were organized. There were fifty-six school houses owned by districts ; thirty-four frame and twenty-tAvo log buildings. According to the superintendent’s report only six were really good buildings. Home-made seats and desks were the order, and many schools were without black- boards, maps, or globes. There Avere at this time only tAvo dis- tricts which employed more than one teacher. They Avere Red Wing, employing five, and Cannon Falls, tAvo. The total enrollment Avas 2,450. During the year of 1864-65 there Avere in the county 101 teachers, of Avhom twenty-five AA ? ere men and seventy-six Avomen. Three held first grade certificates; fifty-seven, second grade; and forty-one, third grade. M. P. ITubbel was the first man and Mrs. Julia B. Nelson, then Julia Bullard, the first Avoman to receive a first grade certificate. The earliest statistical report of the county superintendent kept on file is from the year 1883. At that time there Avere four special or independent districts and 143 rural schools, of which five Avere joint districts Avith their school houses in the adjoining counties. The total enrollment Avas 7,494. During the year seven districts had three months of school ; fifteen had four months ; tAventy-four, five months ; thirty-two, six months ; forty-five, seven months; eleven, eight months; tAvo, nine months; and one, ten months. Many of the schools were very large. Thus District No. 24 s1ioaa t s an enrollment, of ninety-one; District 54, seventy- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 273 nine ; District 56, seventy-nine ; District 63, seventy-five ; and District 121, 128. The greatest number of pupils enrolled in the schools of the county during one year was in. 1886, when the total number was 8,127. Since that time it has decreased until in 1908 it was 6.620. The greatest number enrolled in the rural schools seems to have been in 1884, when there was an enrollment of 5,559. The great- est number enrolled in the city schools ivas in 1903, when it was 3,131. During the earlier period of the history of the county it was a common thing to find a large number of pupils in the common schools from eighteen to twenty-five years of age and over. As educational facilities multiplied and the schools improved things changed so that in 1908 there were only thirty- eight pupils in the rural schools that were over eighteen years of age. While in the early days few, if any, completed the eighth grade at any age, the average age at which a common school pupil now finishes this grade is fourteen or fifteen years, and the high school course is completed before the age of twenty. This fact, and the fact that the schools are at present between two generations, the first being almost gone and the second beginning to arrive, will explain the decrease in the school popu- lation. All parts of the county were settled about the same time by comparatively young families, and for years almost every family had children to send to school. Now there are five districts with less than ten pupils in each. During the eighties and nineties the schools of the county developed splendidly along lines of better equipment and organ- ization of work. It was at this time that free text books were introduced and school libraries bought in almost every school of the county. A system of examinations was also introduced, so that it became possible to have common school graduations. Dur- ing this time, too, the method of conducting teachers’ examina- tions was made more uniform. All this was accomplished largely through the efforts of Superintendent A. E. Engstrom, who ren- dered the county most efficient service for a period of eighteen years, from 1881 to 1899. The condition of the schools at the present time may perhaps best be indicated by quoting the county superintendent’s annual report for 1908 : Graded Common Schools Schools Number of pupils entitled to apportionment 2,603 " 3,347 Number of pupils not entitled to apportionment 219 451 Total enrollment - 2,822 3,798 Average number of days each pupil has attended ..... 147.5 ■ 87.9 Pupils from 5 to 8 years of age 516 781 Pupils from 8 to 15 years of age 2,228 2,973 Pupils from 18 to 21 years of age 77 38 274 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Number of male teachers... Number of female teachers. Teachers who are graduates of a high school. . . Teachers who are graduates of a normal school. Teachers who are graduates of a college Teachers who have taught three years or more same school Teachers who have taught two years or more : same school Teachers who have taught one year or more i same school Districts loaning text-books free New schoolhouses Total number of schoolhouses in the county Number of volumes bought for school libraries. Number of libraries Total number of books in all libraries Number of trees planted Total indebtedness of all districts Number of districts included Number of visits by the county superintendent. Cash on hand at the beginning of the year Apportionment Special tax : Local one mill tax Special state aid All other sources. Teachers ’ wages Duel and school supplies Repairs and improvements New schoolhouses and sites Bonds and interest Library books Text-books Apparatus Transportation of pupils All other purposes •Cash on hand at the end of the year. Average rate of special tax -in mills . Average cost for each pupil Average cost for each day attended. 9 15 . . ‘ 84 139 . . $ 120.55 $ 40.80 $ 40.13 77 92 52 16 23 3 he 28 7 he 21 29 he 43 104 5 149 1 10 154 . .$176,000.00 $149,875.00 $ 11,037.00 $ 6,656.00 60 997 10 143 6,710 14,723 186 . .$ 27,500.00 $ 19,856.00 9 18 9 6.94 34 9 13 259 . .$ 15,138.01 $ 19,411.76 . . 1 1,960.77 15,039.61 . . 49,785.62 34,791.00 4,093.00 8,319.46 . . 11,200.00 6,388.00 2,320.52 11,882.80 $ 95,832.63 . 49,228.58 42,866.21 4,916.96 4,981.85 7,993.16 2,833.65 2,961.26 2,872.80 3,705.35 84.32 399.79 1,131.77 923.14 122.48 276.57 30.00 7,964.57 4,017.49 . 20,183.28 32,837.32 .$ 94,497.92 $ 95,832.63 12.1 4.2 26.33 16.58 .18 ■ .19 the county. Of these five are city schools with first-class high schools, one is a village school employing three teachers, one employing two teachers, and one a rural school with two teachers. The others are one- room schools. There are seven districts which are joint with other counties and have their school houses outside of Goodhue county. Five schools have an enrollment of less than ten pupils, and fifty have an enrollment of from ten to twenty. During the year of 1908-09 six districts had nine months of HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 275 school ; fifty schools, eight months ; thirty-seven schools, seven months ; forty schools, six months ; and sixteen schools, five months. Compared with the report of twenty-five years ago it will be seen that short term schools are gradually becoming a thing of the past. We again quote from the annual report of 1908: “It may be of interest to know what a school would be like that should represent the average of all the rural schools of the county. Such a school would be found in a schoolhouse worth about $1,000, with seats worth about $75 and apparatus worth $45. There would be about one hundred volumes in the library. There would be twenty-five pupils, of whom three would fail to attend forty days. Five of the pupils would be from five to eight years of age and the others would be from eight to eighteen. The school would be in session seven months and the pupils would attend an average of eighty-eight days. The teacher would receive about $40 a month. The district would have a cash on hand of about $130, receive from apportionment $100, from spe- cial tax $220, from one mill tax $55 (showing that the district would have an assessed valuation of about $55,000). It would pay for teacher’s wages $280, for fuel $33, repairs $18, library books $2.50, text-books $6, apparatus $2, other purposes $25. “Years ago it used to be a common thing for schools to employ two or three different teachers during the same year, one for each term. This has changed so that now practically every dis- trict employs the same teacher throughout the year. Out of a total of 154 teachers who taught in the rural schools during the year, 140 stayed the whole time in the same school. “During the past year the state high school examination was taken in twenty-eight schools and about two hundred credits were obtained. The final county examination was taken in 103 schools and 1,764 papers were sent to the county superintendent. Fifty-eight pupils received common school diplomas as a testi- monial that they have completed the common school branches and are entitled to enter the high school.” During the school year of 1908-09 the final county examina- tion has been taken by about one hundred and twenty schools and the number of graduates will be about eighty. Most of the schools are well equipped with those things which are required for efficient work. During the last few years special attention has been given to heating and ventilation, and a large number of districts have installed heating and ventilating plants in accordance with the suggestions of the state superintendent of public instruction. During the present year forty-six schools will meet the 276 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY requirements of the state department for obtaining special state aid, and the list of such schools is growing rapidly. The educational qualifications of the teachers in the county are unusually good, there being but two or three counties in the state in which there is a larger percentage of the total number of teachers who have a high school or normal school education, and they are counties with exceptional facilities in the matter of high schools. The teachers’ training schools, which are conducted in the county every other summer, do much to increase the efficiency of tne teachers. These schools are paid for by the state and con- ducted under the direction of the county superintendent and the conductor appointed by the state department of jmblic instruc- tion. Instruction is given in all branches required for a teacher’s certificate. In addition, there are classes in pedagogics, school management, and so forth. These schools are free and a large number of teachers make use of them. A Teachers’ Library Association was organized in 1902. It now owns a circulating library of about three hundred books on school management and methods of teaching, and lias proven of great benefit to the teachers generally. There are five state high schools in the country, all in a very prosperous condition. Red Wing lias five buildings, employs forty-six teachers and has an enrollment of 1,416 pupils. Its high school gives in addition to the customary courses a com- mercial course and a normal course. A manual training depart- ment is maintained and during the present year the city voted $50,000 for a new building to be used largely for this purpose and for domestic economy. Through a special grant from the state a course in elementary agriculture lias been added, with experimental work on a plot of land secured for the purpose. Cannon Falls has one building and employs twelve teachers. The total number of pupils is 347. It has lately introduced a department in manual training. During the past year regular courses of lectures on farming and domestic economy were given every week during the winter by instructors from the state agri- cultural school. These lectures were largely attended by the neighboring farmers, as well as by the citizens of the town. Zumbrota has one building, probably the most modern in construction of any in the county, employs thirteen teachers and has 367 pupils enrolled. Pine Island has two buildings and employs nine teachers. The enrollment is 236. Kenyon has one building and employs thirteen teachers, with an enrollment of 420. Here, too. a manual training course has been introduced. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 277 These schools are all well equipped and are doing splendid work. They have *kept abreast with the forward movements in the educational world and their courses are gradually being enlarged and adapted so as to make them truly the schools of the people and for the people. A large number of the pupils enrolled in these high schools are country pupils who have completed the work of the rural schools. The men who have served as county superintendents of schools are -J. AY. Hancock, H. B. AYilson, J. F. Pingrey, A. E. Engstrom and Julius Boraas. Those who have been superintendents in the city schools during the last twenty-five years are : • Red AY in g — 0. AY. AYh itman (who served nineteen years, from 1870 to 1889), A. AY. Rankin, G. 0. Brohaugh, F. V. Hub- bard, AY. F. Kunze, J. L. Silvernale. Cannon Falls— C. AY. Blake, E. K. Clieadle, 0. C. Gross, A. M. Locker, A. C. Carlson, H. I. Harter and A. AA T . Newman. Zumbrota — C. D. AYelch. F. A. AYeld, G. E. St. John, J. AY. Steffens, F. J. Bomberger, C. A. Pat-chin, L. J. Montgomery, J. T. Fuller. Pine Island — Otis Gross, E. S. Stevens, A. M. Dresbach, AVil- liam A. AYesterson, J. S. Festerson, L. J. Montgomery, II. C. Bell, B. Frank McComb and H. 0. Cady. Kenyon — P. H. Bradley, A. C. Ivingsford, AY. II. Hollands, II. G. Blanch and G. V. Kinney. Parochial schools have been conducted in the various com- munities ever since the county was first settled, and have added much to the upbuilding of its citizenship. There have been and are several types of these schools. Three denominations in Red AYing have maintained schools in which the pupils attend the whole year in place of attending the public schools. A similar school has been conducted at Hay Creek. In these schools instruction is given in the teachings of the church by which the school is maintained and in some or all of the common branches of the public schools. In some, instruction is also given in a foreign language. In one community two congregations unite and employ a parochial teacher who teaches five months in each congregation, the schoolliouses being owned by the congregations and located near their respective churches. In these schools instruction is given in some of the common branches. Outside of the five months of parochial school the pupils attend the public school. In some communities congregations have followed the plan of employing a parochial teacher for the entire year and dividing the congregations into four or five districts Avith one or two months of parochial school in each. Generally the terms of the 278 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY public school are so arranged as to allow the pupils of each community to attend both schools. No instruction in the com- mon branches is attempted in these parochial schools, the work being confined to instruction in the teachings and language of the church by which they are maintained. The buildings of the various school districts are generally used also for the denomi- national schools, though in some cases t there are buildings erected for that special purpose. In many places no teacher is employed by the congregations, but each community is allowed to provide the religious instruc- tion of its children in the way it thinks best. In such com- munities the public school is usually maintained during the fall and winter and a private school conducted during one or two months of the summer. Sometimes the same teacher will teach both schools. In practically all of the churches located in the cities and villages the religious instruction is given through the agency of Sunday schools. The work of these schools has been helped and stimulated in a splendid way by the Goodhue County Sunday School Association, which was organized in 1859, and which celebrated its semi-centennial in Red Wing last June. The three guests of honor at this celebration were Professor Jabez Brooks, the first president of the association, and M. B. Lewis and Louis Johnson, charter members and active workers in the association during its whole history. The county has been very fortunate in having within its boundaries several private and denominational schools for advanced education. The first one of these schools was Hamline University, under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church. This school commenced its work in 1854, with Rev. Jabez Brooks as principal, and continued during the next fifteen years, when it was removed to St. Paul. The Red Wing Col- legiate Institute was incorporated in 1870, with the following members of the first board of directors : L. F. Hubbard, C. C. Webster, F. A. Cole, James Lawther, Peter Daniels and W. P. Hood. Two large buildings were erected on College Bluff at a cost of $17,000, the land being donated by Edward Murphy. The school was conducted for about three years. The property was later sold to the Ilauges Norwegian Lutheran Synod and has since been used as a college and divinity school for young men. This institution gets its students from all over the Northwest, but many of the young men of the county- have also made use of the excellent opportunities which are offered. The Villa Maria is a convent school for girls located near Frontenac. It is in charge of the Ursuline nuns and is doing much for the education of young girls. The Lutheran Ladies’ Seminary began its work HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 279 in the fall of 1893 and has grown to he a. very prosperous institu- tion with a large enrollment. Various business colleges have from time to time been conducted in Bed Wing and have enjoyed considerable prosperity. The only state institution located in the county is the State Training School, situated two miles from Red Wing. — Julius Boraas. Hamline University. — The pioneers in a new country are as a rule men not only of brawn, but also of supreme faith and courage. It is faith that gives them the stamina to battle against the difficulties and privations of frontier life. By faith, they see great cities where the eye sees nothing but the wigwams of the savage ; great industries where no sound is heard save that of the waterfall; great schools and churches where only the mis- sionary is found seeking to reveal the truth to Nature’s children. The early Methodist preachers were no exception to this rule. They believed that the fertile soil of Minnesota would one day furnish sustenance for millions; that mighty cities would be built, and that an empire of boundless resources would develop upon that vast expanse of forest and plain. Accordingly, one of their representatives, the Rev. David Brooks, made his appear- ance at the Territorial Council of Minnesota with a remarkable- proposition. It chanced that he Avent to William Pitt Murray, a man who served the people of his state well for many years. In a speech delivered at Hamline University, at St. Paul, May 10, 1897. on the occasion of the one hundredth anniversary of the birth of Leonidas L. Hamline, Mr. Murray related the incident as follows : “Early in January, 1854, a clergyman of the Methodist Epis- copal Church from Wisconsin came to me, I being then a mem- ber of the Territorial Council, and handed me a draft of a bill which he desired introduced in the Territorial Legislature, to incorporate the Minnesota Academy, an institution to be under the control of the Wisconsin conference. I said to him that a special charter would be unnecessary, as the winter previous an act had been passed to authorize three or more persons whom might be desirous of forming a corporation for seminary pur- poses, to become a body corporate by complying with certain conditions named in said act. The gentleman seemed quite anxious to have a special act, under the impression that a legis- lative act would give it more character, of which I did not approve. Perhaps as an inspiration, I suggested that it would afford me pleasure to aid in the passage of a university charter. 280 HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY which I had to name. The idea to him was a novelty. A denomi- national university in a* frontier territory, with a population of less than eight thousand people — they generally without means — and the Methodist Episcopal Church without a membership sufficient to maintain a conference, was a pleasantry the old veteran of the cross could not appreciate. He being an English- man, born and bred, may have thought of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, with their numerous colleges and halls, and with their large libraries and wealth. A feeder for some college down east, where there was more money and a higher civilization, was his ambition and hope. We did not agree and the bill Avas returned to him. A day or tAvo after, my associate in the Territorial Council, the Hon. Isaac Van Etten, introduced the bill to incorporate the Minnesota Academy. Having made up my mind that my Methodist brethren either had to have a univer- sity charter or none, I had the bill referred to a special com- mittee, of which I was a member. The other members of the committee Avere indifferent what became of the hill, whether it Avas reported back to the council Avith the recommendation that it pass, or report a substitute authorizing the establishment of ferries, or the laying out of country roads, or the erection of sign boards at cross-roads to indicate the right road for country preachers across the prairies to their various appointments. After having consulted Avith the Rev. John Kearns, the pastor of the old Market Street Church in the city of St. Paul, the parent and first Methodist Episcopal church in the territory of which the Central Park Methodist Church of St. Paul is the successor, and the Rev. B. F. Hoyt, a pioneer clergyman avIio resided in St. Paul, both of whom Avere of the opinion that a university charter would be a good thing and might perhaps be got under way before the end of the century. At all events, it Avould be a good thing to talk about as indicative of the groAvtli of Methodism in the West, although for a long time it might be found nowhere except on the statutes. I then prepared to draft my bill — substitute for the seminary bill. The name for the uni- versity, I had already determined upon. There were tAvo reasons, I may say, wh-ich led to this : ‘‘On a summer evening in 1852 I attended a reception at the Wesleyan Female College, at Cincinnati, Ohio, during commence- ment week, and among the guests Avas Bishop Leonidas L. Ham- line. to Avhom I had an introduction, and Avho soon after asked me to have a seat by his side. We spent nearly the entire even- ing together. He appeared to be interested in the Nortlrwest, especially in the young and frontier territory of Minnesota. He Avanted to know all about her settlers, what kind of people Avere making their homes in her A-illages and on her prairies; whether HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 281 the church from which he had just resigned the high office of bishop was holding its own among the churches of the Territory in its missionary and pioneer work. He seemed pleased at what I told him. During the evening his conversation and advice were fatherly; his aim and thought, apparently, to mark out to me the better way, with now and then incidents of his own early life. To me it was interesting and never forgotten, and as we parted I remember so distinctly his cheery words : ‘ Good night, good night. God bless you.’ The memories of that evening, together with a correspondence with him afterwards, led me to have a very great regard for the Bishop. This, coupled with the fact that Bishop Hamline had been one of the most distinguished prelates in the United States — the peer of any in ability and piety — is what gave the institution its name. “The next question Avas, Avhere shall the institution of the future be located? The early legislators believed that the suc- cess of an educational institution depended largely upon its prox- imity to navigable streams, for the reason that a large majority of the earlier settlers made their homes near the Mississippi and Minnesota rivers and Lake St. Croix — and for a further reason that students, like freight, are more cheaply transported by Avater than by land. Therefore the bill provided ‘that said uni- A r ersity be located on the Mississippi River, between St. Paul and Lake Pepin,’ it being understood that if there Avas no town Avorthy of the honor, one could be made. The bill, as reported, or at least substantially so, passed both houses and became a Mav, March 3, 1854. “The Bishop was advised of the action of the legislature, and a copy of the act Avas forAA r arded to him. This Avas the first inti- mation that he had that such a scheme Avas thought of: he felt complimented and intimated in reply that he would do something for his namesake. “Within a feAv Aveeks after the passage of the act. Hoyt, Brooks and Bidwell issued a call for a meeting of the incorpora- tion to be held on May 19, in the city of St. Paul. In response to the call, a meeting Avas held, and the charter accepted. Avhen an adjournment Avas had until June 12, 1854. When the trustees held their second meeting, more than one village contested for the prize ; even St. Paul thought it Avas a plum Avorth looking after. The late Major Nathaniel McLean offered twenty acres of land on Dayton’s Bluff, noAV known as Suburban Hills, and among the most elevated and beautiful building sites on the Mis- sissippi River, then just outside the corporate limits of the town of St. Paul. Lyman Dayton, Ira Bidwell, William II. Randall and Louis Robert also made liberal offers of broad acres and town lots for its location. William Freeborn, one of the trustees, 282 HISTOBY OF GOODHUE COUNTY became very much interested in its location, and, with what he claimed'to be a prophetic vision, declared that the little village of Red Wing, with its three hundred inhabitants, and a total valuation of real and personal property for taxation less than $70,000, was in the future to be a city that would rank high in intelligence, Avealth and population among the cities of Minne- sota, and demanded that the new university be located there, as a matter of right, claiming that myself and others had so prom- ised. The fact was admitted, and Red Wing became the home of Hamline University.” The first board of trustees was a remarkable set of men. Among them representing the clergy of the Methodist "Episcopal were Rev. Chauneey Hobart, Rev. John Kearns, Rev. David Brooks, Rev. Matthew Sorin and Rev. Thomas M. Fullerton. The others were Parker Payne, Ira Bidwell, B. F. Hoyt, Willis A. Gorman, Alexander Ramsey, Samuel C. Thomas, Merritt Allen, Hart Boughton, William Freeborn and AY. D. Woodbury. As soon as the location was decided upon, the trustees began to make preparations for opening the school. Bishop Hamline gave $25,000, $12,000 in real estate in New York and $13,000 in real estate in Chicago; the citizens of Red AVing subscribed liberally, and the way was thus opened for immediate action. At that time there was a young man who was preacher in charge of Jackson Street (now Summerfield) Church, Milwaukee. He had graduated with high honors from AVesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., in 1850. He knew something of the begin- ning of the settlement of Minnesota and was attracted by its possibilities. So when he was invited to become principal of the preparatory department of Hamline University, to be opened in the fall of 1854. he readily consented and hopefully set out for his new field of labor. This was the beginning of the connection of Dr. Jabez Brooks with Hamline University, a connection not to be permanently severed, so long as the institution remained at Red AVing. On November 16, 1854, the preparatory department was opened with an attendance of thirty-three. Two rooms were secured on the second floor of the store building of Smith, Hoyt & Co., near the river, and here the history of higher education in the state of Minnesota began. The beginning was humble. Fine buildings' great libraries, extensive laboratories- — all were want- ing; but the essential elements of true education were there — - cultured Christian teachers and pupils eager for knowledge. The faculty was small. In the first annual catalogue, pub- lished in 1855. were but three names — Rev. Jabez Brooks, A. M., principal; Miss Louisa Sherman, teacher of modern languages, painting and drawing; Mrs. Frances L. Dunning, teacher of HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY music and ornamental work. Rev. Jabez Brooks was librarian. The students were chiefly from Minnesota ; but Michigan, Iowa and Wisconsin were represented among them. The total number enrolled the first year was seventy-three, thirty ladies and forty- three gentlemen. During the first year of Hamline’s history the trustees proceeded to erect a college building. A block of ground in the heart of the town was donated by the proprietors of the toAvn site. Plans were adopted and in August the active work of construction was started. That same fall the building was completed. It was formally opened January 10, 1855. It has been stated that Bishop Hamline gave $25,000 to the institution in real estate, part of which Avas in Chicago and part in NeAA^ York City. The property in New York was set aside for building purposes. Though it Avas Avorth $12,000 Avlien given by Bishop Hamline, yet when it came to be sold it had so fallen in value that the university realized from it only a little more than $7,000, and so there fell upon the institution, immediately upon its erection, an incumbrance which constituted the bulk of its indebtedness and finally became one . of the causes of its suspension. In the spring of 1857 President Brooks, Avhose health Avas failing on account of OA r erwork, resigned. Thus far, only the preparatory department had been organized, and as a number w r ere ready for college it Avas decided to establish a full and complete college course. Rev. B. F. Crary, D. D., AA T as elected president. Up to this time Minnesota had been prosperous. Trus- tees of the institution had been able to secure the funds neces- sary for maintaining the institution as easily as could be expected in a neAV country, sparsely settled. Avhen all the money that could be secured Avas expended for improA'ements. But in the same month Avhen it Avas decided to throw open the doors of Hamline for a full and complete college education to the youth of the Northwest* Avhen with an increased faculty the running expenses of the institution Avere largely augmented, a financial panic struck the entire ‘country. It was especially seA r ere in Minnesota, because there had been no opportunity for the settlers to store away Avealth against the time of adversity. Values ceased to exist ; the Avealthy became poor ; it Avas a question of daily bread rather than riches, or the rearing of magnificent buildings for educational purposes. In 1859 the first college class was graduated. There AA'ere but tAvo members. Elizabeth and Mary Sorin, daughters of one of the trustees. In the spring of 1861 came the War of the Rebellion. One of the faculty, H. B. Wilson, professor of mathe- matics, and many of the students enlisted. There were few, if any, young men left AA’ho Avere physically able to bear arms. At 284 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY this time, too, President Crary, who had been struggling manfully to keep Hamline alive in those years succeeding the panic of ’57, was selected by a committee of the legislature of Minnesota to organize the public school system of the state, and he accepted the appointment. In the meantime the Rev. Jabez Brooks had recovered his health and the trustees elected him to the presi- dency. His was no enviable task. The institution was in debt, most of her young men had gone to the war ; her friends, many of them, were penniless, and the resources of the state were taxed to the utmost to maintain order on the frontier while her sons fought for the preservation of the Union. He threw into it all the energy of his young manhood. Up and down tin? state he went soliciting funds. He did double work in the classroom. He used his private funds to provide for his family; lie did every- thing that was possible for him to do, withholding nothing of time or talents or energy, and Hamline lived. The last commencement at Red Wing occurred March 4, 1869. At the annual conference of the church held in October, 1869, a report presented shows that at that time the question of the removal of the college was being agitated. On July 6 of that year the trustees decided that in view of financial conditions it would not he Avise to reopen the doors of the college during the ensuing year. Later the institution was removed to St. Paul, and today it lias the honor not only of being the oldest college in the state, hut also one of the leading educational institutions in the Northwest. Various reasons, among which financial troubles form an important part, are given for the removal of the university to St. Paul. Red Wing people have always regretted the removal ; and there are many friends of the univer- sity who assert that, successful as has been the career of that institution, it would have had a still more glorious history had it remained in Red Wing and the drawbacks of suspension and removal been . obliterated. The property was sold to the city of Red Wing for $5,000, the transfer papers hearing the date of February 24, 1872. The building was torn down and the material sold to whatever pur- chasers could be found. The ground is still OAvned by the city and is dedicated to the uses of a public park. The ground was graded without the expense of entirely removing the foundation Avails, and even to the present day in very dry weather the grass dries above the old Avails and the outlines, of the historic old building may plainly be seen. Red Wing Seminary. — This institution is located on College Bluff and commands a vieAv of the most picturesque natural HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 285 scenery of any school in the Northwest. The property was pur- chased from the Red Wing Collegiate Institute and placed in the possession of the Ilauges Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Synod through the personal efforts of H. M. Sande, a farmer living in the township of AA 7 anamingo; A. Ellingson, of Red Wing, and Rev. 0. Hanson, of AVanamingo. The first school year com- menced in September, 1879. Rev. I. Eistenson was the principal and Prof. G. 0. Broliaugli his assistant. Several instructors were also engaged, among whom may be mentioned Prof. II. B. AVilson. Seventy students were enrolled during the first year. The purpose of the school is to furnish a general Christian culture and more particularly to prepare ministers and teachers for the synod. The work at first consisted of an academic course of three years and a theological course of three years. As the institution developed it was found necessai’y to lengthen the preparatory course. This was done in 1889, when it was changed from three to four years. In 1897 it was changed to five years, and in 1908 it was extended to seven years, making it a complete college course. The school year was also changed from seven to nine months. A commercial department has been added, as well as a musical department. The school soon outgrew the “Old Building,” and “Summer Hall” was bought and completed in 1882. In 1902 the synod decided to build another building, and this was completed in 1901 and is known as the “Main Building.” Besides this and the two old buildings which now are used for dormitories, there is a president’s house, a hospital and a heating plant, the Avhole property now costing approximately $100,000. During the past year the school has employed three profes- sors of theology and five professors in the academy and college, together with several special instructors. The total number of students was about two hundred. Those who have served as presidents of the seminary are I. Eistenson. J. Kyllingstad, A. AYenaas, J. N. Kildahl. O. S. Meland, H. II. Bergslancl and M. G. Hanson. Among those who have acted as instructors may be noted S. Gunnerson, E. Kr. Johnson. G. Rast, J. A. Leas, L. Chally, A. J. Reichert, O. R. AYold, J. Telleen. M. O. AYee, E. AY. Schmidt for the theological department, and G. 0. Brohaugh, II. H. Elstad, C. R. Hill, E. AY. Schmidt, I. M. Anderson, Julius Boraas, E. 0. Ringstad, AYilliam Mills, G. H. Ellingson and 0. 0. Stageberg for the preparatory department. Selma Gibson and G. A. Hausner have had charge of the musical department. Since the beginning of the school 138 have graduated from the theological course, nearly all of whom are pastors or mission- aries in the various fields of the synod. The total number of HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 286 graduates from the preparatory department is 237. Of these seventy-two have become pastors, twenty-eight have taken up school work as teachers, professors or superintendents, twenty- two are in business, there are twenty physicians, eleven lawyers, four editors, three publishers, four dentists, three farmers, two bankers, two engineers, thirty-one students at various institutions. Rev. Martin Gustav Hanson. -To a college man there is always one distinction which in his heart of hearts is more precious than all else that he may achieve in life, and that one thing is the honor of being called to a chair of his alma mater, in the halls of which his own young manhood has received the stamp which marks it in after life. Immeasurably greater, however, is the privilege of some time attaining the presidency of that institu- tion, and thus having an important share not only in its progress and work, but also in its policies and discipline. Among the men to whom the felicity of such a lot has fallen is the subject of this sketch. Born at Wanamingo, this county, July 11, 1859, he is the son of Oesten and Maria (Christopherson) Hanson, both natives of Norway. The father came to America at the age of fifteen years and located at Lewiston, AVis., later removing to AVanamingo, where he was one of the pioneers. For thirty-seven years he was a preacher of the gospel, working against fearful odds, preaching the ideals of Christianity to a people who Avere wrestling with the problem of existence, and to whom the reali- ties of life Avere necessarily presented in their daily toil in the most materialistic aspects. A pioneer preacher in those days must needs be a man of strong inward faith and also rugged physique, a man avIio could preach to the hearts of the people the true word, and at the same time be able to meet with unfail- ing courage the almost unnumbered pioneer discomforts. His AAnfe, gifted in all motherly and Avifely qualities, Avas an able support in all his undertakings. It is pleasing to record that Oesten Hanson lived to see the seed lie planted bear fruit in abun- dant measure, and to see a pioneer people develop into a com- munity of prosperous and God-fearing agriculturists. For a long period lie served the churches at Aspelund, Kenyon and Roscoe, his death occurring August 4, 1898, he having many years sur- vived his Avife, who died in 1866. The folloAving account of his services was published shortly before his death: “Pastor Han- son has been a member of the synodical council of the Hague Synod since 1863, has served as president or vice president of the synod for more than a quarter of a century; has been presi- dent of the Red AVing Seminary and of the synod’s mission com- mittee, and has been prominently identified with the synod in other Avays for more than three decades. He lias three sons avIio are ministers of the gospel — Rev. M. G. Hanson, Rev. IT. A. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 287 Hanson and Rev. Thomas L. Hanson.” Martin, early in life left without a mother’s care, received his education in the public schools of Wanamingo, and then entered the Red Wing Seminary, at that time a much smaller institution than at present. In 1884 he received his diploma from that school, and was ordained the same’ year at Lee county, Illinois, his first charge being the Emanuel and East Emanuel churches at St. Paul, Minn. At the same time he served the congregations at Renville and Frost, Minn. In 1892 he was sent to Grand Forks, N. D., where he had pastoral charge of the district including the churches at Grand Forks, Reynolds, Buxton, Valle, Grafton, Nash, Crookston and Oslo. In 1898, when those in charge of the Red Wing Seminary were looking for a capable man for the presidency of that institu- tion, their attention was called to the young clergyman who a few years before had graduated from its doors with honors. He accordingly received the call and accepted, believing that in this position was a wider field of usefulness. - His work since that .time is too well known to need comment, and future historians of the institution will write of him that praise which it is not always fitting should be written of a modest man still in the prime of his activities. His work for five years as vice president of the synod, for six years as president of the same body, for four years as president of the district of North Dakota, and for many years as president of the Inner Mission of the Synod, in Avliich position he is now serving, are a part of the chronicles of his denomination. Rev. Hanson has taken to himself as a companion in life, Caroline Runice, of Crawford county, Wisconsin, daughter of Ole and Guri Runice, natives of Norway. This union has been blessed with five children. Oscar A., born August 14. 1887, at St. Paul, Minn., died in infancy. Adolph M. was born September 11, 1888, at St. Paul. Babel G. was born November 24, 1890, in the same city. Reuben B. was born August 30, 1892, at Grand Forks, N. D., and George W., who is a general favorite with the faculty and student body of the seminary, was born under the shadows of the classic halls of that institution of learning August 4, 1899. The Orphans’ Home at Vasa had its beginning in 1865, when four little children were thrown on the mercy and charity of others. Dr. E. Norelius conceived the idea of opening a place for them, and so a room in the basement of the old Lutheran Church at Vasa, was fitted up. Soon, however, other children were found to be in need and this room became too small. With a little assistance Dr. Norelius purchased a small tract of land and con- structed a building, more properly a shanty. It was made of 288 HISTORY OP GOODHUE COUNTY rough boards and patched together and mended in every con- ceivable way to keep out the winter’s cold. The increase of little orphans who were being cared for by the pastor soon made the quarters too small for convenience. A home was therefore con- structed and did good service until 1879, when the building was levelled to the ground by a cyclone. A subscription list was started and another building was constructed. Again came a sad day, November 23, 1899, when the home was burned to the ground. The Swedish Augustana Synod, which had taken charge of the home, immediately, assisted by the local board of directors and residents of Red Wing and Vasa, took steps to build the comfortable home which is occupied at the present time. In the meantime the little folks had been sheltered in the homes of neighboring families, some of whom afterward decided to adopt the little strangers who had thus been thrown on their mercy. The building, Avhich is a frame structure, is neat and attractive, the total cost being about $8,000. The children are well cared for and given a good education, both in English and Swedish. Red Wing Lutheran Ladies’ Seminary. —Twenty years ago the now sainted Rev. II. A. Preuss suggested the advisability of erecting a school for young ladies at Red Wing on the very spot on which the Ladies’ Seminary now stands. The suggestion was not acted upon at the time, but in the year 1889 some of the members of the Red Wing Norwegian Lutheran Church, deeply feeling the want of an institution of this character, determined to erect a seminary in this city, and secured the very tract of ground which the Rev. Preuss had recommended twenty years before. In this year, 1889, however, the Luther College at Decorali, Iowa, was totally destroyed by fire. The incorporators of the Red Wing venture, knowing that their help was needed at the rebuilding of the Decorah school, generously postponed the erection of their own institution. In the beginning of 1892 they thought that the time had come for them to proceed with the execution of their project. They therefore solicited subscrip- tions, adopted a plan and began active work. Owing to the financial depression the opening of the school was delayed one year, but they succeeded in completing the present magnificent structure so that active school work commenced November 5, 1894. The school is located on a bluff overlooking the city and the Mississippi river. The main building and dining hall are con- structed of pressed brick on cut stone foundations. The music hall, a newer building, is constructed of the same material. The seminary aims to give its pupils a thorough and practical education on a Christian basis, and includes the usual academic, literary, musical, art, religious and scientific courses, both col- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 289 legiate and preparatory, together with many branches distinc- tively feminine, such as domestic science, housekeeping, needle- work and cooking. Rev. Hans Allen is at the head of the institution. There are twenty-six incorporators and the officers are : President, Rev. Iv. Bjorgo; vice president, Dr. C. L. Opsal; secretary, H. L. Hjerm- stad; trustees, C. II. Boxrud, C. F. Hjermstad, Dr. C. L. Opsal, Joh. Ylvisaker, J. C. Seebach, Albert Johnson, R. H. Boxrud. H. Allen, K. Bjorgo and H. L. Hjermstad. are ex-officio members. The total number of pupils enrolled during the school year 1908-09 was 183. Of these 10 were by nationality Norwegian, 48 German, 11 American, 7 Swedish, 5 Danish, 1 Swiss and 1 Finish. Of these 156 were boarders and 27 city people. Six pupils were enrolled as specials. 11 were in the prepara- tory course, 40 in the domestic economy, 1 in the normal, 55 in the seminary and 14 in the college courses. Twenty-one were enrolled in the department of elocution, 15 in the commercial course, 57 in the art department, 43 in the vocal department, 15 in the piano department, 3 in violin and the Choral Society num- bered 133. At the graduating exercises on June 10, 1909. 18 received diplomas from the seminary course, 1 from the normal, 7 from the domestic economy and 11 from the commercial courses; 4 received diplomas from the piano department and 1 from the voice culture department. Rev. Hans Allen, president of the faculty of the Lutheran Ladies’ Seminary, is a gentleman of unquestioned integrity and marked scholarly attainments, one who stands high in the min- isterial and educational ranks of the county. He is a native of Decorah Iowa, born March 15. 1861, son of Guttorm Allen, who came to America in 1844. and the same year enlisted in the Mex- ican war. Here he did his adopted country brave and efficient service. Upon his return he located at Jefferson Prairie, YTis.. and married Kirsten Rishovd, a native of Norway, who came to this country in 1846. At Jefferson Prairie he farmed for a short time, afterward removing to Decorah, Iowa, where he pur- chased 360 acres and carried on agricultural operations on an extensive scale. He died in 1902 and his wife followed him to the Great Beyond during the following year. Hans Allen at- tended the common schools of his neighborhood and entered the Luther College of Decorali, Iowa, receiving his diploma with honors in 1883. He supplemented this training with a three years’ course at the Concordia College, St. Louis, Mo., after which he was ordained to the ministry in the fall of 1886. His first charge was at Portland, Trail county, Noi’tli Dakota, where he served eight congregations in an able manner for six years. His work in 290 HISTORY OR GOODHUE COUNTY this capacity attracted attention, and in 1892 he was assigned to a congregation at Mankato, Minn., where he labored acceptably two years. In 1894 came the opportunity for wider service when he was called to the presidency of the Lutheran Ladies’ Seminary, in which capacity he has remained to the present day, having charge of the institution and occupying the chair of Norwegian Literature, Bible and Church History. As a disciplinarian he combines the qualities of justness with gentleness, as a teacher he is an acute thinker and incisive reasoner, and as a citizen his opinions command esteem, respect and consideration. Rev. Allen Avas married June 13, 1887, at Decorah, Iowa, to Emma Wingaard, of that place, daughter of Ole and Marie Wingaard, natives of Norway. The mother is now deceased and the father lives in Decorah. To Rev. and Mrs. Allen have been born three children : Nellie M. E., born April 3, 1888, and Clara L., born January 22, 1892, are students at the seminary, while Esther E., born March 28, 1898, attends the parish school of Evangelical Lutheran Trin- ity Church at Red Wing. The Minnesota State Training School, formerly known as the Minnesota State Reform School, has a beautiful location of about 450 acres of land, something over a mile below the city of Red Wing. The group of buildings is situated on an elevated plateau leading down by a gentle slope to the Mississippi river and com- manding a view that in itself should be an inspiration to the way- ward or unfortunate ones who spend their youth in the school. The institution has been in existence since January 15, 1868, and had occupied its present site since October, 1891. The State expended over $300,000 on the property and buildings, gained from the sale of the old site of the school in St. Paul, that location having wonderfully increased in value since the establishment of the school in 1868. The school is occupied on the family plan, each family of some fifty boys, classified according to age, having a cottage and playground of its own, but with a dining hall in common. The girls’ school is a building by itself, 300 feet west of the other buildings, and its management is entirely separate and distinct from the boys. The exterior of the buildings are of brick and stone, the interior being entirely of hardwood. There is nothing at the school to suggest that it is a penal insti- tution, the boys themselves looking like cadets in a military school, clothed as they are in neat uniforms. Graded schools, similar to ordinary public schools, are conducted, one-half of the scholars attending in the forenoon and working in the afternoon, and vice versa. The grading and beautifying of the extensive grounds have all been done by the boys, who also cultivate the large garden patches which supply the schools with vegetables and fruit for use on the tables and feed for the stock. The boys HI ST OB Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY 291 do all their housework, cooking, baking, laundry work, etc., and the entire institution is a marvel of neatness. The school main- tains a carpenter shop, shoe shop, tailor shop, printing office and other establishments. A small paper, the Kiverside, is printed by the boys, who also supply the material for its contents. An- other enjoyable attraction of school life is a well trained brass band. The boys and girls are sentenced under sixteen years of age, and can be kept, the boys until they are twenty-one and the girls until they are eighteen, but they may be paroled on their good behavior during that time. There are no statistics available on which to base a percentage of those redeemed by the good influence of the school, but it is believed that the results rank well with the results obtained by other state institutions of sim- ilar character. Religion is made a part of the ever-day life, with, special services Sunday. Red Wing Collegiate Institute. — This institute was organized and incorporated August 28, 1870, with the following board of officers: president, Lucius F. Hubbard; secretary, Charles 0. Webster; treasurer, F. A. Cole. Directors: James Lawther, Peter Daniels, Lucius F. Hubbard, Charles C. Webster, F. A. Cole and W. P. Wood. The grounds were donated by Edward Murphy, of Minneapolis, and funds raised for building purposes by issu- ing stock certificates to the amount of $12,500. Daniels & Sim- mons took the contract for a consideration of $14,800, and to complete it a mortgage was given to Joseph Averill, of Danvers, Massachusetts, who advanced $5,000. The institute was success- ful for about three years, when, for want of funds it was sold to> Joseph Averill, to satisfy the above noted mortgage. January- 8, 1878, it was purchased by Hans Marcuson, in trust for the Hauges Norwegian Evangelical Synod, and afterwards deeded to a board of directors, viz. : Hans Marcuson, Gunelf Tollefson, Knut John Stangeland, and Andrew Ellingson, with the design of making it a Lutheran Theological Seminary. Frank A. Whittier, whose efficient management of the State Training School has won praise from far beyond the borders of the state, is a native of this state, born June 22, 1860. His par- ents, Albert and Lucy A. (Wellington) Whittier, both natives of New Hampshire, were descended from old Granite State families. They ventured in the early days into what was then the new country of Ohio. Imbued with the pioneer spirit, they found that the rich valleys of Ohio were fast passing the stages of early settlement, and consequently determined to try their fortunes still further to the westward. Consequently the year of 1856 saw them located in Minneapolis, where young Frank A. was born. In the summer of 1860, they settled in Empire township. 892 HI ST OB Y OP GOODHUE COUNTY Dakota county, and purchased 240 acres of land. The father at once set to work with vigor and soon the land was under cultiva- tion, while a comfortable home sheltered the family. Here the roof tree was established, and happiness and prosperity was the lot of the family until December 14, 1884, when the stricken home mourned the loss of the mother. A few years later, in 1891, the father took up his residence with a daughter in Farmington, this state, where he died, August 23, 1904. Frank A. was brought up on a farm, and attended the district schools in Empire town- ship. Later he graduated from the Hastings High School, in which institution he made so good a record that he had no diffi- culty in securing a clerical position in the bank there. A year later he returned home, and remained on the farm until 1888. From that date until 1893 he ran an establishment for the retail handling of dairy products in St. Paul, this business later being disposed of to the Crescent Creamery Company. His next em- ployment was with the municipal engineering department of the city of Minneapolis, and in 1895 he was appointed state agent for the state prison and reformatory, in which position lie remained until he came to Red Wing as superintendent of the Minneapolis State Training School, an office which he has retained to the present day. It is interesting to note that while on the farm for the benefit of his health, after leaving the bank at Hastings, Mr. Whittier taught in the rural school districts for several years. In politics lie is a Republican, in fraternal affiliation a member of the Masonic order and of the Independent Order of Foresters. In religious belief he favors the Universalist church. Mr. Whit- tier was married, April 2, 1884, at Empire, Minn., to Margaret Cameron, by whom lie has five children. Albert A., a graduate of the University of Chicago, is a civil engineer in the state of Utah, while Walter F., Grace, Horace B. and Myra live with their parents. Villa Maria Convent, a school for girls, under the direction of the Ursuline nuns of the Roman Catholic church, is situated on Lake Pepin, near the village of old Frontenac, the well-known summer resort. A more beautiful site for a school could not well be found; on a rise of ground, commanding a wide view of lake, valley, hill and plain, surrounded by park-like forests, and arched by the full sweep of the heavens, all the natural influences combine to elevate and instruct the mind. Nor are historical associations lacking, for on this very spot there stood, more than a century and a half ago, St. Michael’s, one of the old French missionary forts of the upper Mississippi. The grounds, consisting of 120 acres, are the gift of General Ill ST OB Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY 293 Israel GarrarcE who spent a fortune and a great part of his life in improving and beautifying the already naturally beautiful vil- lage of Frontenac, to the attractions of which the villa now con- tributes in no small degree. Noticing the rapid growth of the school conducted at Lake City by the Ursulines, and appreciat- ing the difficulty for them of accomplishing in crowded quarters the work at which they aimed, the general offered in 1885 a tract of land for a more commodious institution. The offer was ac- cepted with gratitude, and, thanks to the noble generosity of Mother Kostha Bowman, the project was soon realized, and the construction of the largest educational building of the time, in the Northwest, was begun. The foundations were laid in 1888, and under the able superintendence of F. J. Evans and the assistance of 0. D. Prescott, the work progressed rapidly, the main build- ing being completed and dedicated in 1890. The building is cruciform in shape, with a length of 301 feet, and a width of 90 feet, exclusive of porches. It is four stories high, and is surmounted at the north end by a tower lifting a golden cross 150 feet above the ground. The main entrance is at the northeast corner, and opens into a spacious hall, extending to the opposite side, where a broad stairway, of polished oak gives access to the floors above. The hall is lighted by large stained glass windows, and is crowned by a dome. On the left of the hall, on the ground floor, are the parlors, and from the right leads a corridor 200 feet long, out of which open the dormitory, the refectory, and, at the farther end, the kitchen. The convent proper, for the nuns occupy the entire four stories of the west wing. Besides the many windows, there is a ventilating chimney, and the rooms are noticeably airy and com- fortable. On the second floor are the library, the museum, and the laboratories for physics and chemistry. Above the dormitory are a large, sunny study hall, music rooms and recitation rooms, and adjoining these are the gymnasium and recreation hall. On the third floor, the art rooms occupy the east end. and the greater part of the remainder of the space is given up to the chapel, a lovely devotional apartment, with high arched ceiling, frescoed Avails and stained glass Avindows. In a vaulted recess at one end is the altar, an artistic piece of workmanship of pol- ished wood, carved and gilded. Framed into it aboAm is a magnifi- cent painting of the Blessed Virgin, the work of one of the old masters, presented to one of the nuns by King Louis IT. of Ba- varia. The fourth floor contains an immense Avater tank which sup- plies the numerous bath and toilet rooms in various part's of the 291 HI ST OB Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY building, and serves as protection against fire. For further pro- tection from this danger there are patent extinguishers on every fioor. Artificial heat is supplied* by the hot water system, and there is telephone connection. That the names of their generous benefactors may not be for- gotten, the nuns caused to be inserted into the northeast corner of the building a stone bearing the inscription, “Israel Garrard, noblis Benefaciente Gratulantes, Soc. Urs. Felice;” while over the door, in the chapel, a tablet is inscribed: “In memoriam — Hon. J. B. Bowman — nostri benefactoris mortui. ” In the hearts of the nuns these names are held in perpetual grateful memory. The course of study embraces all the branches of a thorough English education, combined with the culture of art, music and languages, and extends from lowest primary through the gram- mar and high school grades. Successful steps have been taken to have the school accredited to the University of Minnesota, so that graduates from the Villa who wish to continue their educa- tion in the University may be admitted to its courses without examinations. Lessons are also given in music, the arts and languages, as well as in the various branches of handiwork, for which the Ursuline nuns have won a high reputation. The physical development of the pupils is provided for in gymnasium and playground, and in the extraordinary opportuni- ties for the natural out-of-door exercises of walking, driving, boating and bathing, under the supervision of the ever-watchful nuns. Above all do the nuns regard the moral development of the child, and broad and deep do they lay the foundation stones of character. Religious instruction is given to the Catholic children, while all their pupils are trained daily and hourly in the pre- cepts and practices calculated to foster those noble qualities of head, heart and soul that go to the formation of true woman- hood. The character and accomplishments of the graduates who have gone out from Villa Maria during these past thirty years give ample testimony to the devotion of the nuns, and the thor- oughness of their training. The Gustavus Adolphus College, of St. Peter, was started in Red Wing in 1862 by Dr. E. Norelius. The next year it was removed to East Union, Carver county, and named St. Ansgar’s Academy. In 187-1 a corporation was formed and in the next two years suitable buildings were erected at St. Peter’s, where the institution has since been located, growing to tremendous im- portance. Julius Boraas, M. L., educator and author, now living in Red Wing, was born in the township of Belle Creek, this county, De- Julius Boeaas f -V Sarah E. P. Hasler HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 295 cember 7, 1871, son of Johannes and Ellen Boraas, who came from Stjordalen, near Trondhjem, Norway, directly to Goodhue county about forty years ago. He received his preliminary education in the schoolhouse of district 92, and from 1886 to 1890 attended the Red Wing Seminary, graduating with honors from the aca- demic course in the spring of 1890. After teaching school in the country for a year he entered the University of Minnesota, where he diligently pursued the college course from 1891 to 1895, gradu- ating in the latter year as valedictorian of his class. He received his degree of Master of Letters from the same institution in 1898. From 1895 to 1898 he was one of the popular instructors at the Red Wing Seminary and his appointment in the latter year as superintendent of county schools to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Mr. Engstrom met with popular approval. Since then Prof. Boraas has continued to serve in the same capacity, being elected successively in 1900, 1902, 1901, 1906 and 1908. Professor Boraas is a member of the Phi Beta Kappa, an hon- orary college fraternity. He was married on Thanksgiving Day, 1897, at Kenyon, Minn., to Julia Rygh, and their happy home has been blessed with three children — Vivian. Harold and Nora. Prof. Boraas has placed the schools of Goodhue county on a high plane and his methods have been freely discussed and favorably commented upon by the educational journals. Among the causes of his success are these : He was thoroughly equipped by nature and education and lias been absorbingly devoted to his work. He has a way of interesting the children in such a manner as to bring forth their best efforts and at the same time gain their love and respect. Besides being an educator he has the practical common sense of a business man, which has enabled him to enlist the co-operation of parents and school boards in bringing about the necessary improvements and reforms. A vein of kindly humor, of which Prof. Boraas is possessed, is a pleasing part of his per- sonality which impresses those he meets, whether in a business, educational or social way. As a writer Prof. Boraas’ products are also in demand. He is the author of a useful book for teachers, entitled “Getting Along in Country Schools.” This book, designed to furnish those lessons which, hitherto, teachers have learned only through years of ex- perience, has already had a wide circulation and is more than accomplishing its purpose. Its success has caused a demand for other books along the same line from his gifted pen. In addition to this. Prof. Boraas has written several serials for the “Young People’s Friend,” and has contributed extensively to the various school journals. Sarah E. Pettibone Hasler (Mrs. Samuel J.) is one of the prominent women of Red Wing and Goodhue county. She was 296 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY one of the pioneer public school teachers of the county, and dur- ing her three decades of teaching many of the boys and girls who have since become well-known residents of the state passed under her tuition. She was born at Walled Lake, Oakland county, Mich- igan, September 23, 1838, daughter of Harmon and Tamizen (Dunning) Pettibone. The father was a native of Bennington, Vt., and the mother of Saratoga Springs, N. Y. They moved to Walled Lake, Mich., and there the father was proprietor of a hotel. In June, 1854, they located in Red Wing, Harmon Petti- bone having made a trip here in the spring of the previous year. He built a mill on the present site of Charles Betcher’s mills and became associated in the milling business with Ruben Knapp, under the firm name of Pettibone & Knapp. Later the firm be- came Freeborn & Pettibone, with William Freeborn as partner. In 1858 Mr. Pettibone sold out his interests here and moved to Hastings, this state, where he ended his days, in June, 1869. His wife died March 25, 1882. Sarah E. received her early education at Walled Lake, Mich., and graduated from the Hamline Univer- sity, at that time located in Red Wing, in 1861. AVhile still a student, she started teaching, in 1857, her private school being soon afterward converted into a public school. From that date until July 1865, she taught school in Goodhue, Dakota and Hen- nepin counties. Later she again resumed that profession, teach- ing in all for the long period of thirty-three years. She was mar- ried December 11, 1865, at Hastings, Minn., to Samuel J. Hasler. Mr. Hasler was born at Harrisburg, Penn., March 18, 1831. He studied law at St. Paul, and came to Red Wing in 1855, his first employment being that of carpenter and ship builder. He joined the Union Army in 1861, enlisting at Mt. Vernon, Ohio, in Co. G, 20th Ohio Vol. Inf., serving under General Logan. He was promoted from private to captain, and commanded his company on the famous march through Georgia, under Sherman. Soon after his return to Red Wing he was elected justice of the peace, holding this office from 1866 until his death, June 6, 1887. He was an influential citizen of the early days and took a prominent part in the negotiations which ended with the building of the county court house. He was a Republican in politics, a Methodist in religion, a member of the Masonic order and of the G. A. R. To Mr. and Mrs. Hasler were born six children. Heman P., born August 3, 1866, is preparing to become a veter- inary surgeon at San Francisco, Cal. Maude B., born July 29, 1868, married Joseph Bat.lo, and lives in Minneapolis. Wil- helmina T., born October 10. 1871, married George Woodfill, a Minneapolis merchant. Frank J.. born April 9, 1874, married Anna P. Ellingson, and lives in Red Wing. Emma J., born March 25, 1876. died January 25, 1881. Susie G.. born March 26. 1878, HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 297 married Herbert 0. Clark, and lives at St. Paul Park, this state. Mrs. Hesler is secretary of the Eastern Star and treasurer of the AY. K. C., in which she is a leading member. She is also chairman of the executive committee of the Colvill Park Association, which has for its object the providing of a spacious breathing place for the people of Eed Wing during the summer months. CHAPTER XVIII. POSTAL HISTORY. Red Wing — First Post Master — Stage Coach Days — Growth and Progress — Other County Offices — Discontinued County Offi- cers — New Federal Building. — By C. A. Rasmussen. In 1851 Hon. H. Ii. Sibley, then the territorial delegate to congress from Minnesota, secured the establishment of a post- office at Red Wing, and Rev. J. W. Hancock, the pioneer resident, was commissioned postmaster. He was under the necessity of performing a journey to St. Paul to qualify and execute the re- quired bond at an expense of five dollars, and his income for the next two years hardly covered that expense. But the post-office was a great convenience for the few residents here, as previous to that time the nearest post-office was twenty-five miles away. The mail was carried in those days to and from St. Paul, easterly, by steamboats in the summer, and in the winter at first on foot and later by a one-horse train. Mails were expected once a week, but on account of floating ice interfering with the steamboats or blizzards with the one-horse train, the office was sometimes three weeks without mail and for that length of time all communication between the little band of pioneers and the outside world was cut off. In the spring of 1852, on one occasion, the one-horse mail train was wrecked in crossing Spring creek. The mail bags, some five or six in number, were left several hours in the water and after being fished out were brought to Red Wing and Mr. Han- cock spent a whole day in drying out the mail. At one time, in the winter of 1855, the office was without mail for six weeks, the mail carrier having died and considerable delay having been ex- perienced securing a new carrier. In the fall of 1853, from which year really dates the first settle- ment of Red AVing as a village — prior to that time the point hav- ing been mainly a missionary station — Dr. W. AV. Sweney was appointed postmaster, Rev. Hancock having resigned. Dr. Sweney served about a year and was succeeded by H. L. Bevans. Mr. Bevans served until 1858, when he was succeeded by PI. C. Hoffman. It was during his administration that we find pub- 298 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 209 lished for the first time an announcement for the Red AVing post- office, under date of January 21, 1859, there appearing, in the “Goodhue County Republican,” the following: Red AYing Post-Office. Hours of Delivery of Mail. On Sundays from 9 to 10 a. m. On week days from 7 to 8 p. m. Hours of Arrival and Departure and the time of Closing Mails. Red AVing to La Crosse, — Leaves daily (now) at 3:30 p. m. Ar- rives six times a week at 3 :30 a. m. The Great Eastern and Southern mails are carried on this route. Mails close at 2 :00 p. m. Red AVing and Saint Paul, — Leaves daily on the arrival of the Eastern stages at 3 :30 a. m. Mails close at 9 :00 the previous evening. Red AA r ing to Cannon Falls and Le Sueur, — Leaves Monday, . AVednesday, and Friday, at 8:00 a. m. Arrives Tuesday, Thurs- day and Saturday. Mails close at 8 :00 the previous e\ T ening. Red AVing to Owatonna and Blue Earth City, — Leaves Monday and Thursday at 7 :00 a. m. Arrives AVednesday and Saturday at 6 :00 p. m. Mail closes at 8 -.00 the previous evening. Red Wing to St. Nicholas, — LeaA^es Monday and Thursday at 8:00 a. m. Arrives Wednesday and Saturday at 5 :00 p. m. Alail closes at 8 :00 the previous evening. Red Wing to Winona, — Leai'es Monday and Thursday at 6 : 0 0 a . m. Arrives Thursday and Saturday at 6 :00 p. m. This route supplies all way offices on the river. Mail closes at 8 :00 the previous evening. Red AVing to Saint Paul, — Leavms AVednesday at 8:00 a. m. Ar- rives Tuesday at 6 :00 p. m. This route supplies Avay offices. Alail closes at 8 :00 the previous evening. Red AVing to Alazeppa and Oronoeo, — Leaves Alonday at 8 :00 a. m. Arrives Tuesday at 6 :00 p. m. Alail closes at 8 :00 the previous evening. Remember that all mail matter to be sent to any part of the United States must be fully prepaid. In prepaying foreign let- ters by affixing stamps, be careful to ascertain the correct amount of postage before mailing. Anything less than the full amount of postage counts nothing, and is lost to the sender. It will be seen from this that the stage coach lines had noiv come into general use in the mail-carrying capacities and Red AVing, being one of the chief distributing points along the rWer and the headquarters for a number of stage lines runing into the interior country, a considerable quantity of mail in transit must have been brought through here. Captain David Hancock— Uncle David, as he was then known and as he is still affection- ately termed — Avas a pioneer in this mail serA T ice. In 1855 he car- ried the mail between Red Wing and Frontenac, supplying Wa- eoota, en route, giving service once a week. Later this route Avas extended to include Lake City and Reeds landing, the packet steamers plying in those days refusing to stop at those points. 300 II 1ST OK Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY During the winter of 1855-56 Captain Hancock carried the mail between Red AVing and AVinona on the St. Paul-Prairie du Chien route. He made the trip in four days, two days going and two days coming, receiving four dollars a day, or sixteen dollars for each trip. Besides the mails he carried passengers and ex- press, the income from which often equalled the receipts for the mails in those days. It Avas not all pleasure traveling even as a passenger in those days, the captain states. In the summer time the stage was compelled to cross unbridged streams, often swollen by heaA'y rains, and in the winter it was no unusual experience for the passengers to be compelled to join in digging the horses and sleigh out of a snow drift. Later Captain Hancock conducted tAvo of these lines to St. Nicholas and Blue Earth City, carrying passengers to and from and supplying mails for St. Nicholas, Austin, Mantorville, AVa ; sioja, Concord, Roscoe, Zumbrota, Pine Island, GeneA r a, Owa- tonna, Ashland, Bancroft, Albert Lea and other points. After that he operated the line to Le Sueur. Captain Hancock relates many interesting anecdotes of his experiences as mail driver in those early days. Instead of a pouch for each office the mail was all carried in one pouch, and at each place Avhere a stop Avas made the postmaster unlocked the pouch, l’emoved the mail for his office, and put in that Avhich he had to forward. The post- masters named were not all men of learning — Captain Hancock found some Avho could not read — and so the captain Avas often called on to sort the mail and make the proper distribution. Among other duties the mail carriers Avere required to collect the revenue due the government. Captain Hancock distinctly remembers his first collection at what was then Goodhue Center post-office — the munificent sum of six cents, which was the gOA r - ernment’s share for the business done the previous three months. During the year 1860 there was a change in the service of carrying the mails along the river from the packets to stages. Only through mails were after that delivered by boats, which supplied AVinona, Red AVing, Prescott and Hastings, between St. Paul and AVinona. At this time, under date of November 15, 1860, is published the first list of advertised letters. Thirty-five pieces are included in the list, more than are advertised weekly now. In those days also Ave find that occasional instruction of the public in postal matters was necessary. Under date of De- cember 21, 1860. the press contained the following statement: Post Office Information. “The last semi-official organ of the General Post Office De- partment. known as ‘Holbrook’s Monthly Mail Bag,’ contains the folloAving post office information for the people: HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 301 “A printed business card or the name of the sender placed upon the outside of a circular subjects it to letter postage. “Letters can be registered on the payment of the registry fee of five cents for each letter, but if lost, congress has made no provision for restitution, if the letter contains valuables. “The address of letters 'intended for delivery in cities espe- cially, should include, if possible, the occupation, street and num- ber of the party addressed. “A singular notion seems long to have prevailed that it is no violation of law to send an unsealed letter outside of the mail. This makes no difference whatever. Even if the paper written upon is not folded, it is a letter. ‘ 1 If the writer of a letter wishes his letter to reach its destina- tion without being subject to the rules of distribution requiring it to be remailed at a distributing office, he has only to write ‘Mail Direct,’ and the wrapper will not be removed until it reaches the office for which the letter is designed. “For forging or counterfeiting U. S. or foreign postage stamps not less than two or more than ten years imprisonment. “Using a postage stamp after it has once been used, fifty dol- lars fine.” Mr. Hoffman, who was an appointee of President Buchanan, retired in 1861, and was succeeded by Mr. Sorin, who was ap- pointed by President Lincoln. Early in his administration, con- sequent upon the breaking out of the Civil War, a new series of postage stamps was necessary, and we find in this connection the following notice published : To the Public : We are now furnished with the new stamps of the denomina- tions of 10, 20 and 30 cents and are directed to exchange for “an equivalent amount of the old issue” for six days only. M. Sorin, Red Wing, Nov. 1, 1861. Postmaster. About this time newspaper wrappers were first brought into use. They must have attracted general attention, for a notice published in the “Republican” at the time states: “Mr. Lowater, at the post-office, has shown us a new style of Avrapper. It is intended for wrapping newspapers, has the stamp affixed, and is self -sealing. It is a great commnience and the price is but little more than the stamp itself. Try them. ’ ’ The rapid development of the state at this time led to the continual changing of mail supplies and in 1862 we find a mate- rial change in the published announcement of the Red Wing post- office. Under date of May 16, that year, the folloAving appears : Post-Office, — Office hours on Aveek days from 7 a. m. to 8 p. m. On Sundays from 9 to 10 a. m.. and from 12:00 m. to 1:00 p. m. Up mail closes at 10 :30 a. m. Doavu mail closes at 12 :00 m. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 30.2 Red A\ ing to Mantorville, — Leaves Tuesday, Thursday and Satur- day at 8 :00 a. m. Arrives Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 5 :00 p. m. Red Wing to Blue Earth City, — Leaves Monday at 8:00 a. m. Arrives Thursday at 6 :00 p. m. Red Wing to Le Sueur, — Leaves Monday at 8 :00 a. m. Arrives Saturday at 5 :00 p. m. The mail UP will be closed at 10 :30 a. m. The mail DOWN will be closed at 12 :00 m. until further notice. There were delinquent*? in matters postal in those days as now. Under date of September 19, 1862, there appeared in print the following notice : Post-Office Notice, — All persons indebted to the post-office for box rent or postage are requested to make payment before the first of October, 'if not we shall consider that they do not wish for their box or papers any longer. M. Sorin, By E. P. Lowater, Deputy. Postmaster. A change in the postal laws of decided interest was made about this time. It provided : ‘‘By sections 33 and 31 of this law the rate of postage on all transient matter and upon all mailable matter, except letters and regular papers and periodicals, is fixed by the weight of the pack- age (excepting circulars). The standard weight is fixed at four ounces, and passes at the rate of two cents, an extra rate of two cents being added for each additional weight or fraction of it. Double this rate (that is, four cents) is charged for books by the same standard weight. Three circulars or any less number, in one unsealed envelope to one address, pass at the same rate of two cents. Seeds, engravings, and the other miscellaneous matter mentioned, in the third class of section 20 of this law, are also charged at the same rate of two cents for each four ounces or fraction of it, sent to one address. These postage charges must in all cases be prepaid by stamps; no extra charge is made, as heretofore, for any business card or address pi-inted on the wrap- per. ’ ’ Some considerable changes are noted in a mail schedule ap- pearing on November 15, 1863, which reads as follows: Post-Office Notice. From this time, to the 15tli of April, 1864, unless further notice is given, the Up River Mail will be closed daily at 6 :00 p. m., Mondays excepted; Down River Mails will be closed daily at 1:00 p. m., Fridays excepted. The Way mails for St. Paul and Winona leave Red Wing on Monday, at 7 :00 a. m. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 303 The Mantorville Mails leave Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Satur- days, at 8 :00 a. m. ' Cannon River Mails leave Wednesdays and Saturdays at 6:00 a. m. The Wanamingo Mail leaves on Saturday, at 8 :00 a. m. It is very desirable that all letters for the country and way mails up and down be deposited in the office the evening previous. Office hours from 7 :30 a. m. until 7 :30 p. m. Red Wing, Nov. 16, 1863. E. P. Lowater, Dept. P. M. In 1864 E. P. Lowater, who had served as deputy under Mr. Sorin, succeeded him as postmaster. During his administration, on November 1, 1864, the postal money order system of the post- office department was established and Red Wing designated as one of the 139 offices in the country authorized to transact the business. The first day one order was issued to Amanda Cole, of Rice Lake, Wis., for $14.00, remitted to L. A. Godey, Philadelphia, Pa. The first order was paid on November 17, 1864. It was issued at Chattanooga, Tenn., being purchased by J. C. Hawes, then serving in the army, payable to his wife, Lydia B. Hawes, and was for the sum of $30.00, the maximum amount of orders at that time.. The first year 295 orders were issued, the second 411 and the third 606. During the first ten. years 13,300 orders were issued. The first year 104 orders were paid. When the money order business was established the sum of $300.00 was transferred from the general fund with which to do business. With that as the basis was established the business which today amounts to more than $300,000.00 annually. Mr. Lowater served as postmaster until October, 1866. He conducted the post-office in a general store which he owned, which was at the corner of Main and Bush streets, where the St. James Hotel now stands. Prior to his time the office had been located on Main street in the block between Bush and Plum, a portion of the time on the north side and the remainder of the time on the south side of the street. A mail schedule, published in July, 1866, again shows some important changes. It reads : Mantorville, — Arrive Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Depart Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. Faribault, — Arrive Wednesday, Saturday. Depart Tuesday and Friday. Northfield, — Arrive Tuesday, Friday. Depart Wednesday and Saturday. 304 HISTORY OP GOODHUE COUNTY Saint Paul, — None up Monday. None down Saturday. Eastern,— None up Tuesday. None down Saturday. Way Mails, — None up Tuesday. None down Friday. N. B. — The Eastern mail closes at 4 :00 p. m. E. P. Lowater, Postmaster. W. AY. DeKay was appointed postmaster to succeed Mr. Lowater, but for some reason the appointment Avas not confirmed and Captain A. Wright Avas then named, taking charge of the office in May, 1867, after seven months’ service by Mr. DeKay. The same year the office was removed to a building on Rush street, betAveen Main and Third. Captain Wright served as postmaster four years. He Avas succeeded in 1871 by C. C. AVebster. Eaily in his administration the Red AYing post-office became an international money order office. But the great event of his term was the establishment of mail service by rail on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul rail- Avay, then just completed through Red AYing. On October 13, 1871, the Red AYing post-office received its first mail by train, and the days of the steamboat and stage coach supply Avhieh had done service for more than twenty years Avere at an end. At the start there was one mail a day each way. A train left St. Paul at 9 :20 a. m., arriving at Red Wing at noon and reaching AVinona, the end of the run, at 4 o’clock. Another train left AYinona at 10. TO a. m., arriving at Red AYing at 2:10 and at St. Paul at 4:55. The trip between Red Wing and St. Paul consumed almost three hours, where now it is performed in little more than one hour. Captain AYright, whom Mr. Webster succeeded as postmaster, was one of the first tAvo railway mail clerks. In June, 1872, through service to Chicago Avas established AAutli tAvo trains a day each way, Avhieh service has been increased to six at the present time. The run from Chicago to St. Paul consumed about twenty-tAvo hours. Noav it is made in little more than half that time — in fact, in ten hours by some of the mail trains. In 1875 A. F. Graves became postmaster. Shortly after he took charge the post-office was removed to the corner of Third and Bush streets, the present location of Bender’s drug store, where it remained more than twenty years. During the adminis- tration of Mr. Graves the office records sIioav the first statement of receipts of the Red AYing post-office. For the year ending June 30, 1878, they amounted to $7,480.99. As shoA\ r ing the later growth of the office no little interest attaches to a statement of mails found in the old records. A count kept for seven days in November, 1879, shoAved the dispatch of the folloAving mail from the office : HI ST OB Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY 305 Letters in plain envelopes 2,171 Letters in Gov’t. Special Request Envelopes 160 Letters in private return Request Envelopes 1,688 Letters in official envelopes 218 Postal cards 969 Newspapers 3,338 Books and transient papers 432 Merchandise 92 9,367 There were cancelled: 718 one cent stamps; 86 two cent; 3,858 three cent — the three cent letter rate was in force then ; 98 five cent ; 30 six cent and 31 ten cent. During' the week the office issued 94 money orders and paid 29 ; registered 19 letters, handled 76 in transit and delivered 46. At that time, besides the railroad service, the office supplied stage lines running to Cannon Falls, Faribault, Zumbrota, Ells- worth. Diamond Bluff, Belvidere and Thoten. Mr. Graves served as postmaster from 1875 to 1887, when he was succeeded by Captain W. W. DeKay. During his time of office, in 1889, the city free delivery service was established here, at first with four carriers, which number was later reduced to three, but has since been increased at different times until now seven carriers are employed in the service, making two residence and four business deliveries daily. In 1891 Fred Seebach, now county treasurer, succeeded Mr. DeKay as postmaster. He also served four years, being succeeded in 1895 by George H, Benton. A rather amusing incident during Mr. Seebach ’s term — amusing it appears now, although at the time it possessed a serious aspect to many — was an attempt of the post-office department in simplifying names to change “Red Wing” to “Redwing.” The protests which arose because of this were so vigorous and energetic that, although the change had been ordered and put into effect, the department was finally com- pelled to countermand the order. Mr. Benton also served four years. Near the close of his term the office was removed to the location on Third street near Bush, which has been occupied the last ten years. In 1899 C. A. Rasmussen succeeded Mr. Benton as postmaster. During the fall of that year, on September 5, to be exact, Mr. Rasmussen secured the establishment of the first two rural routes in this section, among' the very first in the state. In 1901 this number was increased to five, in 1903 to eight and in 1905 to nine, giving the rural district on the Minnesota side of the Mississippi river tributary to Red Wing as complete a system of rural mail delivery as can be found anywhere in the county. And as still further evidence of the growth and development of the business HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 306 of the office during Mr. Rasmussen’s term of service the number of city letter carriers has increased from three to seven, the force of office employees from three to eight, nine rural carriers put in service, besides two employed in the care of the new federal building, making a total force regularly connected with the new post-office of twenty-six, besides five substitutes, where there were but seven ten years ago. For the period for which a record has been kept the postal receipts of the Red Wing post-office have been, by fiscal years ending June 30, as follows: 1876, $7,480.00; 1877, $7,714.00; 1878, $8,538.00; 1879, $9,512.00; 1880, $10,127.00; 1881, $10,415.00; 1882, $12,399.00; 1883, $12,640.00; 1884, $10,369.00; 1885, $10,456.00; 1886, $10,218.00; 1887, $10,407.00; 1888, $10,272.0; 1889, $9,617.00; 1890*, $10,473.00; 1891, $10,293.00; 1892, $10,965.00; 1893, $12,- 271.00; 1894, $12,068.00; 1895, $12,535.00; 1896, $12,598.00; 1897, $12,104.00; 1898, $12,817.00; 1899, $13,336.00; 1900, $14,485.00; 1901, $15,236.00; 1902, $16,122.00; 1903, $17,367.00; 1904, $18,- 889.00; 1905, $20,477.00; 1906, $21,552.00; 1907, $23,781.00; 1908, $25,530.00 ; 1909, $29,927.00. The money orders issued have increased from 295 for the year ending in 1865 to 14,608 for the year ending in 1908, while the number paid has increased from 104 to 18,719. The official roster of the office at present is as follows : Post- master, C. A. Rasmussen ; assistant postmaster, C. O. Forssell ; clerks, F. C. Seebacli, C. A. Iv. Johnson, O. N. Rock, E. F. See- bach, Edna V. Erickson, Roy N. Howe; city letter carriers, A. C. Cook, Jens Loye, J. G. Ivappel, Edwin DeKay, W. J. Diepenbrock, L. Penfold, Alfred Swanson ; rural letter carriers, C. A. Lidberg, M. O. Nelson, A. A. Schleuter, F. J. Schenach, J. IT. Drew, P. J. Buran, F. W. Boatman, O. B. Arntson, Henry Nelson; substitute city carrier, O. J. Servick; substitute rural carriers, N. W. Nel- son, G. C. Pirius, C. Reitman; janitor, W. J. Back. The new post-office building, which is located at the northwest corner of Third street and West avenue, on a plot of ground 142 feet on Broadway and 120 feet on Third street, has a ground area of 82 feet on West avenue and 46Y2 feet on Third street. It stands 32 feet in height from the ground and is surmounted by a flag staff extending 20 feet above the roof. The front steps, seven in number, of granite, have a length at the bottom of 48 feet. Surmounting the steps are two cast-iron lamp standards with translucent opalescent glass globes. The foundation is of brick on a concrete footing. The base- ment walls, 32 inches thick, are of Chaska brick, surmounted by St. Cloud granite above the grade lines. The main structure is faced with terra-cotta and light gray HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 307 brick, harmonious in color. The 'ornamentation is quite elabo- rate. The frame' work is of steel. The roof is tin. The basement story, which is 10 feet 8 inches high, contains : a store room, 13 by 15 feet; a fuel room, 15 by 16 feet; a swing room for the use of the carriers between trips, 11 by 18 feet ; a toilet room, 13 by 11 feet, besides the general basement, in which is located the heating plant. The floor is cement, and the ceiling, which forms the floor of the main story, is iron frame work and reinforced concrete. The steps leading to the basement story are all either stone or concrete, making that story wholly fire- proof. The main floor has a height of 15 feet 1 inches in the work room and departments and 20 feet in the main lobby. The main lobby, 12 feet wide, extends along the West avenue side a dis- tance of 63 feet, with a wing near the south end extending back 12 feet. At the north end of the lobby are the money order and regis- try departments combined, 15 by 19 feet in size, leading off from which is a vault of reinforced concrete surmounted by a storage vault of the same material. The postmaster’s room is at the southwest corner of the building, 13 by ll 1 /^ feet in size, leading off from the lobby wing. In this wing are also stairways to the basement and attic. At the northwest corner of the building is the mailing vestibule, 13 by 14 feet, for the reception' and dis- patch of mail. The remainder of the space is taken up with the main work room, 30 by 47 feet. A vault for stamp supplies is located here and there is also a stairway to the basement. Pass- ing directly through the work room, suspended from the ceiling, is the look-out from which can be watched the work of employees, unbeknown to them. Look-outs also extend into the money order and registry sections, the mailing vestibule and the basement. The public lobby has a revolving door entrance, terrazzo floor, marble border and wainscote. The general delivery and stamp windows are directly in front of the main entrance, the carrier windows to the right and the post-office boxes to the left. The money order and registry department has wood floor and cove cornice, as has also the main work room and mailing lobby. The postmaster’s room has wood floor, base, chair rail, picture moulding and plaster cornice. A granite curb faces the walk on Third street and West ave- nue, a concrete gutter extends along the west side and a concrete curb on the north side. The sidewalk is granolithic. On AYest avenue it is 14 feet wide and on Third street 12 feet wide. At the inside border is a cement coping 3 inches high. A vitrified brick driveway, 12 feet wide, with granolithic coping, leads from Third street across the lot to the north side of the building. On 308 HIST OK Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY the two sides and at the rear of the building are grass plots, also a grass boulevard on Third street. The building is essentially one of Red AATng construction. Besides being contracted by AY. J. Longcor, the plumbing and heating work was done by J. IT. Doyle and the electrical work by Foster Bros. From the commencement of work until June, 1909, the gov- ernment was represented at the work by Henry Brack as super- intendent of construction. Mr. Brack was then transferred to Michigan and the work was completed under the superintendence of John II. Holmes, who at the same time superintended the erec- tion of the tower on the post-office at St. Paul. OTHER COUNTY OFFICERS. Cannon Falls. — The post-office at Cannon Falls was established in 1851 with James McGinnis as postmaster. Its first mail supply was on the old Dubuque & St. Paul stage route, for which later on service by stage from Red AVing Avas substituted. This con- tinued until early in the eighties, Avhen the building of the AVis- consin, Minnesota & Pacific line enabled the establishment of railroad service. Succeeding Mr. McGinnis as postmaster came George McKin- zie; then in order Eli Ellsworth, George L. Baker, A. J. Phelps, Joseph E. Chapman, F. D. Barlow, AY. H. Scofield, L. L. Lewis. The present postmaster is P. A. Peterson, who has served since October 1, 1889. The income of the office for 1908 was $5,525.00. During that year there were issued 4,255 domestic and 50 international money orders and 1,164 domestic and 7 international Avere paid. There Avere dispatched 802 registers and delivered 942. There are eight rural routes connected with the office, and four mails are re- ceived and dispatched daily. The office served 5,000 patrons. The present force of the office is : Postmaster, P. A. Peterson ; assistant, Ella M. Johnson; clerk, II. AVolander; rural carriers, John A. Anderson, August M. Johnston ; Oscar E. Olson, Harry F. Hine, John A. Lundberg, George F. Miller, John A. Johnson and Edwin Larson. Originally the name of this office was Cannon River Falls, and it so continued up to October, 1889, Avhen a change Avas made to Cannon Falls. Dennison. — This post-office, Avhich is located on the Avestern line of the county, on the line of the Chicago Great AVestern Raihvay, Avas established in 1885, with G. A. Bonlius as post- master. He Avas succeeded by Iv. A. Bonhus, Avho in turn gave way to A. K. Lockrem. Jens AValen succeeded him, then his brother, John AValen, then I. O. Flaten, avIio Avas succeeded by HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 309 W. W. Bunday, the present incumbent. There are two rural . routes connected with the office. Eggleston. — This office, on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, about eight miles west of Red Wing, was established in the seventies. It serves a small community principally on Prairie Island, for whose greater convenience one rural route is operated from the office. M. T. Nilan is the postmaster. Frontenac. — This is one of the oldest post-offices in the county, being established about 1855. For a long time it received its mail supply from Red Wing by stage, this continuing until early in the seventies, when the building of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway enabled a rail supply. There is one rural route connected with the office. H. Lorentzen served as postmaster for thirty-six years, and H. Scherf, who succeeded him and who still holds the place, has served sixteen years. Goodhue. — The office of Goodhue Center, which later became Goodhue, was established in 1858*on what is known as the Hadler farm, at the present time about two miles east of Goodhue on the old Zumbrota and Red Wing road. Peter Esterly, who was the first postmaster, continued in office until 1864. At this time the office was transferred to the Gleason place, two miles north of the Esterly place, and Mrs. Rebecca Gleason was made the postmistress. She continued in office until 1880, when Frank Durig was appointed, moving the office back to the Esterly farm, where he held it until 1887. At that time George Uslar was ap- pointed, holding the office until 1890, the same farm being the location of the office. He moved the office from the old place of Goodhue Center to the village of Goodhue during 1888. Soon after George Uslar moved the office to Goodhue, Frank Neubel was made his successor, Neubel being followed by W. C. Pilling, who likewise had the office a short time or until 1894. K. L. Anderson Avas appointed at this time, keeping the office until 1900, when D. C. Pierce was appointed, being in the office at the present time. The post-offices of Belle Chester, Ryan, Claybank and White WilloAv have been discontinued into this office. Rural delivery from this office was established in 1901 with two carriers. Later the number of routes was increased to six. The present carriers are: R. R. No. 1, Claire M. Acquard; R. R. No. 2, Frank P. Ahern; R. R. No. 3, Wesley Kolbe; R. R. No. 4, Charles Han- son; R. R. No. 5, Ebba I. O’Reilly; R. R. No. 6, Mary Heaney. This post-office was raised to the third class on October 1, 1906. Kenyon. — The post-office at Kenyon Avas established in 1856, with James CroAAdey as postmaster. For nearly thirty years it received its mail supply by stage from Red AYing and from Fari- 310 HISTORY OF GOODHTJE COUNTY bault, this arrangement continuing until the building of the Chi- cago Great Western Railway. Succeeding Mr. Crowley as postmaster came Mr. Clapp, then Mr. Brill. Dr. Brown, E. R. Marshall, W. Stears, Ed. Slee and Dr. Graves. Lars ITaaven served from 1877 to 1881, C. L. Brusletten from 1881 to 1884, T. R. Bullis from 1884 to 1889, then Mr. Brus- letten again from 1889 to 1893. A. M. McLaughlin was then ap- pointed, serving until 1899. During his term the office was raised to the third class. In 1899 Anders Glimme was appointed post- master. He still holds the position. The office became an international money order office in 1900. Rural service was started from the office in 1902, and at present there are six routes. The following offices have been discontinued into Kenyon: Norway, Aspelund, Spring Creek, Ayr, Moland, Nansen. Pine Island. — The post-office at Pine Island was established in 1856, with John Chance as postmaster. He served two years. The first mail supply was by the Burbank stage line between Dubuque and St. Paul. When this supply was discontinued the office was put on the Red Wing and Mantorville star route, from which it received service until 1878, when the building of the Chicago & Northwestern branch from Rochester to Zumbrota enabled the establishing of railway mail service. The office is now supplied by the Chicago & Great Western Railway, receiving four mails daily. The postmasters following Mr. Chance and their years of service are: J. A. Tarbox, 1858 to 1861; Thomas Mc- Mannis and C. R. White, 1861 to 1865 ; S. Worthing, 1865 to 1868; C. R. White, 1868 to 1876; F. ITagler, 1876 to 1880; Plenry Tome, July 1, 1880, to July 1, 1886; Charles Parker, July I, 1886, to July 1, 1889; Henry Tome, July 1, 1889, to July 1, 1893; W. II. Hamlin, July 1, 1893, to' July 1, 1897; Henry Tome, July 1, 1897, to July 1, 1906; George II. Tome, July 1, 1906, to date. The domestic money order division was established July 1, 1879, and the international January 1, 1903. The office has made a rapid increase in business of late years. For the year ending December 31, 1890, the receipts were $894.86 ; December 31, 1895, $1,315.25 ; December 31, 1905, $2,236.09 ; December 31, 1908, $2,~ 595.30. Last year the office issued 2,986 domestic money orders. There are four rural routes connected with the office, two estab- lished in March, 1903, and two in December, 1904. The present rural carriers are : R. R. No. 1, B. T. Vessey ; R. R. No. 2, Willard II. Marsh; R.. R, No. 3, John E. Clark, and R. R. No. 4, Ambrose Y. Sterling. Skyberg. — This office is one on the line of the Chicago Great HISTORY OF GOODHUE C'OUXTY 311 Western Railway, about six miles south of Kenyon. One rural route starts therefrom. Francis J. White is the postmaster. • Stanton. — This post-office, located on the Chicago Great AVest- ern Railway, dates from early in the sixties, previous to the build- ing of the railway having received and dispatched mail by stage. One rural route is connected with the office. Henry W. Nelson is the present postmaster. Vasa. — This post-office also dates from the fifties. It is today the only post-office in Goodhue county not located on a railroad, receiving its mail from the Welch station on the Chicago Great Western Railway. The office serves the hamlet Yasa and a limited territory around there. N. B. Ofelt is the present postmaster. Wanamingo. — The post-office at Wanamingo is among the old- est in the county. It was established hi the fifties, with James Brown as postmaster. Martin Halvorson served as postmaster there for nearly thirty years, and after him his son, Henry M. Halvorson, served eleven years. Herman 0. Naeseth is the pres- ent postmaster. The mail supply of the office for more than forty years was by stage ; at present the supply and dispatch is by rail- way service. Welch. — This office is located on the Northfield branch of the Milwaukee road, about twelve miles west of Red Wing. Samuel Nelson is the postmaster. Zumbrota. — The post-office at Zumbrota tvas established late in the fifties, with Thomas P. Kellett as postmaster and an author- ization of one mail a week each way by stage from Red Wing. This service subsequently increased to three times a week and still later to a daily service, continued until 1878, when the build- ing of a railroad into the village from Rochester enabled the es- tablishment of a railroad supply. For nearly twenty years, or until 1875, the office remained in the general store of Mr. Ivellett, under his charge. Henry Blanchard was then appointed postmaster, and the office removed to his shoe store. Some home-made fixtures,, very crude in a way, were installed, but they did very good service. At that, time post- offices had been established at Minneola, Roscoe, AA 7 anamingo and Hader, and as the population was not large the mail was very light at all the points. Mr. Blanchard retained the office until 1887, when C. B. An- derson was appointed. He installed new fixtures and moved into quarters by himself. In 1891 Ira D. Warren succeeded to the office. During his term it became third class. In 1895 Mr. An- derson was again appointed postmaster. Diming this term the office again dropped to the fourth class. In 1899 B. C. Grover was appointed postmaster and held the office until 1908. During 312 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY his term the office again became third class, six rural routes were established and the service generally improved. In 1908 S. B. Scott succeeded to the office and still holds -it. Under his management many new improvements have been made and the service generally rendered more efficient. For the year 190s the receipts were $5,400, the largest in the history of the office. The office lias become an important junction point, receiving and dispatching mails on the Chicago* Great Western, C., M. & St. P. and Chicago & Northwestern Railways. DISCONTINUED POST-OFFICES. Aspelund. — This post-office, which was located in Wanamingo, was established early in the sixties and conducted about thirty years, being discontinued in consequence of the establishment of rural mail delivery. Ayr. — This office was located in Cherry Grove. It was estab- lished in the sixties and served its patrons for about thirty years also. Belvidere Mills. — This office, located in Belvidere, was one of the earliest offices in the country. It was established about 1855, with N. B. Gaylord as postmaster. He served the public in that capacity for more than forty years. The office was discontinued about five years ago. Burley. — This office, which was located in Featlierstone town- ship, had a very short career. When established it supplied a considerable territory, but rural delivery being introduced soon afterwards, its usefulness was early at an end. Burr Oak. — This office was located in Belle Creek toAvnship, being established in 1854. It was on the line of the old St. Paul and Dubuque stage route and when that was discontinued about two years later, the supply being cut off, the office was discon- tinued. Later it was re-established as Belle Creek post-office in the southern part of the town, which office was also discontinued and its place supplied by Ryan in the east part of the town, which served its neighborhood itp to a few years ago. Eidsvold. — This Avas an office in Holden township, established about 1875. It had a life of about tAventy years. Fairpoint. — This office, in Cherry Grove township, Avas estab- lished in 1858 and discontinued in 1861, and later, being re-estab- lished, did service for a little more than thirty years, rural deliv- ery also supplanting it. Forest Mills. — This Avas a small office in Zumbrota township, a feAv miles east of Zumbrota. It had a career of about fifteen years. \ C. A. Rasmussen HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 313 Hader. — This office, in Wanamingo, was among those estab- lished early in the sixties. It served the public for about forty years. Hay Creek. — This office, which was located in Featherstone on the line of Hay Creek, was established in the sixties and served the community in which it was located about forty years. Holden.- — This office, in Holden township, Avas established in 1863. It had a career of nearly forty years, rural delivery sup- planting it. Nansen. — This office, also in Holden, had a short career. AVhen established it served a considerable territory, but rural delivery coming in cut off its patronage and it was discontinued. Poplar Grove.— This was one of the early offices located in Pine Island township on the line of one of the old stage routes. It had a short career. Sogn. — This office, on the east line of Warsaw, gave service for about fifteen years during the eighties and nineties. Spring Creek. — This office, in Cherry Grove township, was established in 1861. It served its community about forty years. Sunapee. — This was an office in Roseoe township, established in 1858. Later the name was changed to Roseoe and under that name it gave service to a considerable territory for nearly forty years. Thoten. — This office, which was located in Belviclere, was a small one. For more than twenty years, from the sixties to the eighties, it furnished service to a limited area. Wacouta. — This office, which was established in 1855, was one of the first in the county. For a time it developed into consider- able proportions, a few years after it had been established paying $300.00 a year. Red Wing forging ahead, however, the town gradually fell away and with that the post-office business de- creased to a veiy small item. The office continued to exist until 1905, hoAvever, Avhen it Avas discontinued in consequence of rural delivery. Wangs. — This office AA r as located in Warsaw. Its career Avas not long and its Heritage never considerable. Wastedo. — This office Avas located in Leon tOAvnsliip. It had a career of more than thirty years and at one time serA r ed a large territory. White Rock. — This office Avas located in Vasa. Like Wastedo it served the community in which it Avas established for more than thirty years, rural delivery being responsible for its discontinu- ance. Christian A. Rasmussen Avas one of the moving spirits in that revival of activity in Red Wing Avhich has made this city famous throughout the United States. He Avas born in the city of Copen- 314 HISTOBY OF GOODHUE COUJMTY liagen, Denmark, October 30, 1868, son of Christian and Basmina Basmussen, natives of that country. At the age of four years he was brought to Minnesota by his parents and received his educa- tion in the public schools of Bed "Wing, graduating in 1885. After graduation he entered the employ of the Bed Wing Printing Company, October 12, 1885, when the “Daily Bepublican” was started. Having a particular aptitude for this work he rose to the position of managing editor, a situation in which he remained until April 1, 1899. During this time the paper grew in impor- tance and circulation and had a powerful influence in shaping the destinies of the city and county. April 1, 1899, Mr. Bas- mussen laid down the editorial pen to take up the duties of post- master at Bed Wing. Previous to this he was chairman of the' Bepublican county committee in 1896 and 1898, and in the latter year ably performed 'the duties of secretary to the Bepublican state central committee. He has also served on the school board. Mr. Basmussen \s term as postmaster has been a long record of faithful public service, his efforts having been crowned with an increased efficiency on the part of the local postal service, and also with a large increase in business. Some years ago he became interested in the work of the State Postmasters’ Association of Minnesota. North Dakota and South Dakota, and at the present time is serving this association as secretary. For two years he acted in a similar capacity for the Bed Wing Commercial Club, and his business interests include the Bed Wing Printing Com- pany, the First National Bank, the Bed Wing Advertising Com- pany and the Bed Wing Telephone Company. Mr. Basmussen ’s postal history, which appears in this wox’k, not only shows the increase in the volume of business and efficiency of 'service during bis administration, but also demonstrates his ability as a writer and painstaking collector of exact data and statistical facts. April 30, 1901, Mr. Basmussen Avas married to Lesa M. Johnson, by whom he has one daughter, Charlotte Katherine. CHAPTER XIX. THE PHYSICIAN. His Proud Achievements — His Solemn Oath — His Ethics — The True Physician — His Reward — His Delicate Relation to the Human Family — His Inventions and Discoveries Free Gifts— The Pioneer Doctor — His Character — His Services — His Lim- itations — The March of Medicine — Biographies — A Roll of Honor — The Goodhue County Medical Society — The Twen- tieth Century— Preventive Medicine — The Physician as an Educator. — By George C. Wellner, M. D. “Men most nearly resemble the gods when They afford health to their fellow men.” In an age when, in the combat of man against man, heroes are worshipped according to the number they slay in battle, it is inspiring and elevating to be permitted to pay tribute to the men who won glory in fighting disease and through whose devotion and skill thousands of useful lives have been saved and been made happy. “For every man slain by Caesar. Napoleon and Grant in all their bloody campaigns, Jenner, Pasteur and Lister have saved alive a thousand.” The first anaesthetic has done more for the real happiness of mankind than all the philosophers from Socrates to Mills. Society laurels the soldier and the philosopher and practically ignores the physician. Few remember his labors, for what Sir Thomas Browne said three hundred years ago is surely true : “The iniquity of oblivion blindly scattereth her poppy and deals with the memory of men without distinction to merit to perpetuity.” “Medicine is the most cosmopolitan of the three great * learned ’ professions. Medicine never built a prison or lit a fagot, never incited men to battle or crucified anyone. Saint and sinner, white and black, rich and poor, are equal and alike when they cross the sacred portals of the temple of JEseulapius. ” No other secular profession has ever reached such a consciousness of duties which it corporately owes to the rest of the world. What 315 316 ILJ STORY OF GOODITUE COUNTY" are the principles which a profession, more profuse in its disinter- ested charities than any other profession in the world has estab- lished for its guidance? It was about 2,300 years ago that the practicers of the art of healing began to take an oath emphasizing the responsibilities which the nobility and holiness of the art imposed irpon them. Hippocrates, forever to be revered, gave the oath his name. AVhen a Greek physician took the Hippocratic oath and a graduate of the modern medical school takes it, the act is one not only of obligation for himself, but of recognition of a great benefactor of mankind. The Hippocratic oath assumes that simply because a man lias learned the art of restoring the sick to health he has passed into a realm in which the rules of personal selfishness are immediately abridged, if not expunged, and recognized in a sys- tem of principles and rules governing all licensed physicians, and enforced and respected by high-toned and cultured gentlemen — a standard of professional honor so sacred and inviolate that no graduate or regular practitioner will ever presume or dare to violate it. Robert Louis Stevenson, seeing the life of the medical man only from without, was not far wrong when he spoke of the modern scientific medical man as probably the noblest figure of the age. The noble and exalted character of the ancient pro- fession of medicine is surpassed by no sister science in the mag- nificence of its gifts. Reflecting upon its purity, beneficence and grandeur it must be accorded to be the noblest of professions. Though the noblest of professions it is the meanest of trades. Unless the physician will live a life of purity, of virtue, of honor and of honesty, he should seek a livelihood elsewhere, and “In- sult not the gods by striving through base methods and ignoble ambitions in resembling them.” The true physician will make his profession no trade, but will administer his duties with the love of man in his heart and the glory of God in his soul, his aim will be : To be accurate in diagnosis and painstaking in prescribing, to allow no prejudice nor theory to interfere with the relief of human suffering and the saving of human life; to lay under contribution every source of information, be it humble or exalted, that can be made useful in the cure of disease ; to be kind to the poor, sympathetic with the sick, ethical toward medical colleagues and courteous toward all men; to regard his calling as that of one anointed to holy office, firmly convinced that no nobler work can be given to man, and to go forth to his labor with love for humanity, inspired with a reverent assurance that for this cause came he into the world. The reward of such a man, says Prof. T. Gaillard Thomas, “Comes from the hand of no emperor; his glory from the appre- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 317 ciation of no applauding multitude ; his renown from the pen of no fulsome historian. For him the victor’s crown comes from the hand of the immortal God. He that has done the greatest good for his fellow man. has, in the doing of it, won the greatest reward in earth’s possession, even though no mortal man know of the deed but him ! ’ ’ The true physician is he who has a proper conception and estimation of the real character of his profession ; whose intel- lectual and moral fitness give weight, standing and character in the consideration and estimation of society and the public at large. His privileges and powers for good or for evil are great; in fact no other profession, calling or vocation in this life occupies such a delicate relation to the human family. There is a tremendous developing and educating poAver in medical work. The medical man is almost the only member of the community Avho does not make money out of his important discoveries. It is a point of honor with him to alloAv the whole world to profit by his researches when he finds a new remedy for disease. The greatest and best medical and surgical discoveries and inventions have been free gifts to suffering humanity the moment their value Avas demonstrated. The reward of the physi- cian is in the benefit which the sick and helpless receive, and in the gratitude, Avhich should not be stinted, of the community at large. Medical men are not angels ; they are in fact very human creatures with hard work to do, and often many mouths to feed ; but there is a strain of benevolence in all their Avork. From the beginning they are taught a doctrine of helpfulness to others, and are made to think that their lifework should not be one in which every service must receive its pecuniary reward. The physician is a host in himself, a natural leader among his felloAvmen, a cen- ter of influence for the most practical good, an efficient helper in times of direst need, a trusted and honest citizen. What more can any prophet ask than honor in his oavii country and a daily Avelcome among his oaati friends ! It does not take long for the Avaves of oblivion to close 0A?er those who have taken a most prominent and active part in the affairs of the day. The life of the pioneer doctor is no exception to this laAv, for, as Dr. John BroAvne tells us, ‘‘It is the lot of the successful medical practitioner to be invaluable Avhen alive, and to be forgotten soon after he is dead, and this is not altogether or chiefly from any special ingratitude or injustice on the part of mankind, but from the A r erv nature of the case.” HoAvever. the pioneer physician still lives in the memory of many of us, though he is noAv more rare as an individual than in the years gone by, and is gradually passing out of existence. The history, Avritten and unwritten, of the pioneer physician of Goodhue county, as 318 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY elsewhere, presents him to view as working out the destiny of the wilderness, hand in hand with the other forces of civilization for the common good. He was an integral part of the primitive social fabric. As such he shared the manners, the customs, the aims, and the ambitions of his companions, and he, with them, was controlled by the forces which determine the common state and the common destiny. The chief concerns of himself and com- panions were material — engaged with the serious problem of existence. The struggle to survive was, at its best, a competition Avitli nature. Hard winters and poor roads were the chief impedi- ments. Only rough outlines remain of the heroic and adventurous side of the pioneer physician’s long, active and honored life. The imagination cannot, unaided by the facts, picture the primitive conditions with which he had to contend. Long and dreary rides, by day and night, in summer’s heat and winter’s cold, through snow, and mud, and rain, was his common lot. He trusted him- self to the mercy of the elements, crossed unbridged streams, made his way through uncut forests, and- traveled the roadless wilderness. He spent one-fifth of his life in his conveyance, anti in some cases traveled as many as two hundred thousand miles in the same. Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes has graphically described the old doctor’s daily routine: “Half a dollar a visit — drive, drive, (Jrive, all day; get up in the night and harness your own horse — drive again ten miles in a snowstorm ; shake powders out of a vial — drive back again, if you don’t happen to be stuck in a drift; no home, no peace, no continuous meals, no unbroken sleep, no Sunday, no holiday, no social intercourse, but eternal jog, jog, jog in a sulky.” He always responded to the call of the poor, and gave freely his' services to those who could not pay without hardship. Who can narrate the past events in the life of such a man? His deeds were “ written upon the tablets of loving and grateful hearts, and the hearts are now dust. The long and exhausting rides through storm, or mud, or snow ; the exposure to contagions ; the patient vigils by the bedside of pain ; the kindly deeds of charity ; the reassuring messages to the despondent ; the shielding of the inno- cent; the guarding of secrets; the numberless self-abnegations that cannot be tabulated, and are soon forgotten, like the roses . of yesterday.” Wealth did not flow into the old practitioner’s coffers; in fact, he needed no coffers. He was a poor collector, and with all his efforts he obtained but little, and never what was his due. As an offset to the generally acknowledged abili- ties of the old doctor in every other line of his work, it must also be admitted that lie was greatly deficient in business tact. Often HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 319 content with the sentiment of apparent appreciation of services rendered to his patrons, of lives saved, of sufferings assuaged, and of health restored, he was too easily satisfied with the reflection that he had a very noble profession, but a very poor trade. Though poor in purse, he was rich in heart, in head, and in public esteem. He made at least a very measurable success of life, if success consists in being of some small use to the com- munity or country in which one lives ; if it consists in having an intelligent, sympathetic outlook for human needs ; if it is success to love one’s work'; if it is success to have friends and be a friend, then the old doctor has made a success of life. He was a lonely worker, and relied largely on his own unaided observation for his knowledge. Isolated by the conditions of his life, he did not know the educating influences of society work. He was a busy man, with little leisure for the indulgence of lit- erary or other tastes. He possessed, however, what no books or laboratories can furnish, and that is : a capacity for work, willing- ness to be helpful, broad sympathies, honesty, and a great deal of common sense. His greatest fame was the fealty of a few friends ; his recompense a final peace at life’s twilight hour. He was a hardworking man, beloved and revered by all. He was discreet and silent, and held his counsel when he entered the sick-room. In every family he was indispensable, important, and oftentimes a dignified personage. He was the adviser of the family in mat- ters not always purely medical. As time passed, the circle of his friends enlarged, his brain expanded, and his heart steadily grew mellower. Could all the pleasant, touching, heroic incidents be told in connection with the old doctor, it would be a revelation to the young physician of today; but he can never know the admiration and love in which the old doctor was held. “How like an angel light was his coming in the stormy midnight to the lonely cabin miles away from the nearest neighbor. Earnest, cheery, confident, his presence lighted the burden, took away the responsibility, dispelled the gloom. The old doctor, with his two- wheeled gig and saddle bags, his setons, crude herbs, and vene- sections, resourceful, brave and true ; busy, blunt, and honest, loyally doing his best — who was physician, surgeon, obstetrician, oculist, aurist, guide, philosopher and friend — is sleeping under the oaks on the prairies he loved so well.” “We shall ne’er see his like again. Not a better man was found, By the Crier on his round. Through the town.” 320 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY The early history of the pioneer physician is naturally a story of feeble resources. His professional limitations were, therefore, necessarily great. To enable us to understand these limitations we must take a retrospective glance at the condition of medicine sixty years ago. Imagine, if yon can, the forlorn condition of the doctor without our present means of physical diagnosis, without the clinical thermometer, the various specula, the hypodermatic syringe, the ophthalmoscope, the otoscope, the rhinoscope, the aspirator, and many other similar instruments ; without the aid of hematology, of anaesthetics, of antisepsis, of the modern micro- scope, without our laboratories and experiments, our chemistry, our bacteriology, our Roentgen rays, our experimental pharma- cology, and our antitoxins — without anything except his eyes, his ears, his fingers, his native vigor and resourcefulness; then we can appreciate the professional limitations of our fathers, appre- ciate no less the triumphal march of medicine during a single lifetime. It requires no prophet’s power to foretell the fact that the science of medicine stands at this hour upon the threshold of an era which will belittle all the past. In this most wonderful era of the world’s history, this magic age, the science of medicine is rapidly being elevated into the position of one of the bulwarks of society and one of the mainstays of civilization. It made possible the building of the Panama canal, made Havana a clean city, and diminished the possibility of introducing yellow fever among us. It has kept cholera in check, pointed out the danger of bubonic plague through the rat-infestecl districts of San Francisco, and it now urges that the government shall maintain sentinels to guard the Gulf coast from yellow fever, the Mississippi from cholera, the whole United States from bubonic plague. It also discovered the stegomyia as a yellow-fever carrier, and the -rat and ground squirrel as plague distributors. Though none of the immortal discoveries or inventions were made in Goodhue county, all of them have been applied and util- ized for the benefit of the people in this vicinity. The practice of medicine has had some able representatives in this county, many of whom have gained distinction and an honorable place among their fellows. Some of them have been sought out for public service and broader fields of usefulness, while others have led a quieter but no less honorable existence in the sphere of their choice, many being laid to rest after lives of sacrifice to the community amidst general regret and deep sorrow. The medical history of this county begins with the arrival of Dr. AY. AV. Sweney, in 1852. He was born in Pennsylvania in 1818. After receiving an academic and professional education, he was graduated at Rush Medical College in 1851 . He was presi- dent of the Goodhue County Medical Society in 1872. and of the HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 321 State Medical Society in 1873, author of several prize essays, and member of the territorial legislature. Dr. Sweney was a practi- tioner of wide repute, and possessed the confidence of the people in a rare degree. He was endeared to all by his remarkable integ- rity, gentleness, sterling worth, and high professional morality. The constant influence of his example, personal and professional, has alike honored him and the calling to which he was chosen. Dr. Sweney had a long and honorable career. The writer knew him as one of the finest specimens of the kind-hearted, ever-help- ful, modest medical gentlemen of his generation. He was laid to rest amid general regret and deep sorrow in August, 1882. Another of the earliest physicians was Dr. John Kelly, born in New York, in 1801. He crossed the plains in 1849, and came to Goodhue county in 1853, settling in Florence. He was chairman of the first board of *township supervisors and member of the board of county supervisors. In 1856, Dr. J. E. Tebbetts settled in the village of Cannon Falls. He was of Maine birth, and a fine type of the old doctor. He grew gray in the pioneer service, and passed away in 1877. Dr. Charles Hill came to this county in 1857, settling in Roscoe that year, and in Pine Island in 1859. He was born in Illinois in 1826, and was graduated at Rush Medical College in 1857. In 1869 he was elected to the state senate. At the reorganization of the Goodhue County Medical Society, in 1902, he was chosen president. Dr. Hill is a gentleman of the old school. He is the Nestor of the profession in the county. Him we should be tempted to call venerable if he had not suc- ceeded in remaining young through the aid of his eternally youth- ful enthusiasm. In tlie same year a valuable addition to the pro- fession in Red Wing was made in the arrival of Dr. A. B. Hawley, a native of New York, born in 1833. Dr. Hawley was of attractive personality. He was a man of the most genial nature, fine phy- sicpie, tall, active, keen-eyed and perfectly unostentatious; an able practitioner, and very popular. He was a leading citizen, and one of the prime movers in the building of Christ Church. He passed away September 20. 1878. Other physicians Avho came in ante-bellum days were Drs. C. II. Connely, William Brown and F. F. Hoyt. Dr. Brown was commissioned as surgeon in the Civil AYar. Dr. Hoyt had the honor of being elected a member of the first city council. Some time in the fifties, Dr. Ole Oleson settled in or near Leon. His name appears in the records of the period as a judge of elections. In 1862, Dr. E. S. Park established him- self in Red Wing. He was born in Pennsylvania in 1811. Alto- gether his practice covered forty years of earnest, active work. He served the county many years as coroner. His death occurred February 12. 1888. It is to be regretted that so little is recorded of the pioneer physician and his stirring and hazardous lot. At 322 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY the conclusion of the war Red Wing was chosen as a field by Dr. Charles N. Hewitt, a native of Vermont, born in 1835. Dr. Hewitt lias had a long and honorable career. He has held various high offices. In the medical history of the county he takes a high place as physician and surgeon. As sanitarian, it is difficult ade- quately to estimate his great services to the commonwealth of Minnesota, lie has left the imprint of his work upon the whole subject of public health. In 1865 Dr. C. llveem, born in Norway in 1835, settled near Hader, where he continued to practice with success for many years. In the following year Dr. Christian J. Gronvold settled in Norway, township of Wanamingo. He was born in Norway in 1833, and died in the nineties. Dr. Gronvold was appointed a member of the state board of health in 1876. He was a man of much natural ability, one of the foremost authorities on leprosy, and somewhat of an original. Some time in the sixties Dr. A. W. M. Archarius endeavored to establish himself in Red Wing. Unfortunately for the community, he did not succeed. He was a tall, spare, extremely dignified and learned gen- tleman. He complained to the writer, who made his acquaintance in Chicago in 1875, of his inability to make a living here, and ol the success of the advertising quacks. He returned to Sweden, where the king gave him office commensurate with his abilities, The first homeopathic phyiscian to take up his residence in Red Wing was Dr. C. G. Higbee, born in New York, in 1835. He came in the sixties, and remained about ten years. He was a captain in the Union army, made choice of the medical profession, and was a successful practitioner. After an honorable Civil War record, O. H. Hall, born in Erie county, New York, in 1842, studied medi- cine, was graduated at the Buffalo University, and settled in Zumbrota in 1868. He is a charter member of the Goodhue County Medical Society, and a successful physician. In 1869, Dr. Bruno Jaehnig established himself in Red Wing. He was born in Saxony, February 19, 1841. Dr. Jaehnig has filled various positions of trust with faithfulness, and places of honor with mod- esty. He served the city as health officer, 1898-1907, and the state as physician to the training school since 1892. The people are indebted to him for long and valuable services. The practitioners whose lives have been faintly outlined here are the pioneers of the profession. They are among the most notable makers of history. Special homage should be paid these men — or the memories of these men- — for their toil, devotion and sacrifice in the rude and eventful days forty or more years ago. They were the peers of any in all the useful elements of man- hood. They were citizens most relied upon by their neighbors in foul as well as fair weather. It would be hard to find a person in the county who owes no debt of gratitude to one of these men. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 323 Many who were present at the beginning are at rest. Their places have been tilled by worthy, though younger, men. One of the first of the younger practitioners was Dr. Douglas Shiley. He came to Red Wing in 1871; became the associate and partner of Dr. Sweney, and moved to another field in 1876. Another newcomer was Dr. AY. G. AY. Tupper, a native of Maine, who located in Zumbrota. Subsequently he moved to Red AYing, then to Wabasha, and later back to Zumbrota, where he died about 1890. In the early seventies Dr. Galen Allen, a homeopath, and native of Vermont, born in 1833, established himself in Red Wing. He was a well-educated, respectable and successful prac- titioner. He died in 1900. In 1875. Dr. George C. AA T ellner, born in Bavaria, May 24, 1849, selected Red AAUng as a field. He twice moved to other fields, returning in 1883 and 1893. He is presi- dent of the board of health and secretary of the board of United States examining surgeons. In 1907 he was chosen president of the Goodhue County Medical Society. Others who located in Red AYing a little later were Dr. .John II. Beauford, Dr. F. Laus and Dr. Lund, none of whom continued there long. In 1876 Di\ W. M. Sweney, son of the pioneer physician, entered upon the practice of medicine in Red AYing. He was born in Marietta, 111., November 6, 1849. He was in active practice about ten years. In 1882 Governor Hubbard appointed him member of the State Fish Commission. He has served the city as health officer in vari- ous emergencies, and the county as coroner. Dr. Sweney is a member of the city council and the board of health, and is earn- estly devoted to the service of the city. His favorite study is anthropology. In the same year the county received a notable accession in Dr. A. T. Conley, who established himself in Cannon Falls. He was born in .Jefferson county, New York, December 6, 1847. Dr. Conley is one of the veteran figures of the profession. He has a wide repute as a physician and a man, as attested by his popularity. His has been a life worthy of emulation, distin- guished for sacrifice and service to others. He has served the Goodhue County Medical Society as president, and the city of Cannon Falls as health officer. In 1877 Dr. George II. Overholt settled in Kenyon. He was born in 1842, and was graduated at the Albany Medical College in 1866. In the following year Dr. Philo E. Jones, an Ohioan by birth and education, took up his residence in Red Wing. He built up a large practice in a short time, and maintained the same for fifteen years. Dr. Jones pos- sessed culture, an infinite store of information, industry and sur- gical and business ability. Dr. William M. Newhall was his able associate and partner. About 1880 Dr. H. L. Brynildsen began the practice of medicine in Vasa. He was born in Norway, July 29, 1850, and was for many years a most serviceable practitioner to 324 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY the people of Yasa and vicinity, being highly appreciated by them. His usefulness was cut short by death, June 29, 1908. The eighties brought to Red Wing a large number of physicians, prominent among whom were Drs. M. Magelsen, Peter Mogstad, Edward Boeckman, J. F. A. Twetan, J. FI. Sandberg, Ed. Hart, Noble Jones, 0. J. Brown, George Leininger, E. A. Shannon, H. L. Scheide and Drs. Babcock and Simons. Nearly all of them were able practitioners, and several of them continued there for years, but all have removed from the county or passed away, not, how- ever, without leaving behind them the enduring fragrance of good deeds. In 1886 Dr. II. E. Conley permanently established himself in Cannon Falls. He was born in Palo, la., July 11, 1855. Dr. Conley is a brother of A. T. Conley, and one of the successful physicians of the county. He is president of the Goodhue County Medical Society. Dr. FI. L. McKinstry came to Zumbrota in 1875 and to Red Wing in 1888. He is a Pennsylvanian, born June 14, 1847. Dr. McKinstry served the Third Regiment, M. N. G., as major and surgeon, 1886-1901, and the city as health officer and councilman, and in various honorary capacities. Two years later Red Wing was chosen as a field by Dr. J. V. Anderson, born in Sweden, March 20, 1860. Dr. Anderson is one of the prosperous physicians. He is the medical director of the Scandinavian Relief Association and a member of the board of United States examin- ing surgeons, and has served the city as health officer. In the nineties a. number of practitioners located in Red Wing, among others Drs. B. Dearborn, N. Juell, Th. N. Thoresen, L. L. Mayland and Marcus Thrane. They, like their colleagues of an earlier date, practiced here for a space of time, then sought other fields. In 1893 Dr. F. W. Dimmitt opened an office in Red Wing. Fie was born in Cambridge, 111., August 25, 185b. Dr. Dimmitt found an extended field of usefulness, and has built up a lucrative practice. He is vice-president of the Goodhue County Medical Society, and one of the most ardent promotors of the society’s interests. In the following year Dr. A. W. Jones, a native Ohioan, born April 12, 1863, selected Red AVing as a field. Dr. Jones is a well- equipped physician, a man of intellectual interests, and a scholar of wide range and various cultivation. He is a member of the board of United States examining surgeons and a member of the board of education. In 1893 the village of Goodhue was chosen as a field by Dr. IF P. Sawyer. He was born in 1870. Dr. Sawyer has for years had an extensive clientele, and has much endeared himself to the community in which he lives. In 1894 Dr. M. AY. Smith and his wife, Dr. Grace Gardner-Smith, established them- selves in Red AVing. Dr. Smith was born in Rockford, 111., Octo- ber 27. 1870. He, is a member of the board of education and county examiner for the state sanatorium for consumptives. Dr. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 325 Smith has in various ways proved himself a useful citizen. Dr. Grace Gardner-Smith is a native of Pennsylvania. She is physi- cian to the girls’ department of the state training school and a member of the library hoard. In 1895 Dr. J. A. Gates, of Kenyon, entered upon his successful career as physician, business man, and in 1905 as legislator. As a member of the legislature he has effectually blocked measures prepared in the interests of quack- ery. Dr. Marshall Stephens, a homeopath, located in Red Wing in 1891. He was born near Pittsburg, Penn., in 1840. He was pro- fessor of mathematics and natural sciences in Hamline University, and served as member of the board of United States examining surgeons. In the later nineties, Dr. K. E. Gryttenholm located in Zumbrota. He is a native of Norway, born December 6, 1862. Dr. Gryttenholm is surgeon to the C., G. W. railway, an able practitioner, ever active in medical affairs, and has served the Goodhue County Medical Society as president. About 1900 Dr. Edward Backe, born in 1862, settled in Kenyon. Dr. Backe is a graduate of the Royal University, Christiania, a successful prac- titioner, and a former president of the Goodhue County Medical Society. In 1902 the medical fraternity of Red Wing received further accessions. They were : Dr. M. H. Cremer, born in Cashton, Wis., March 12. 1870, and graduated at Rush Medical College in 1893, and Dr. L. E. Claydon, born in England. April 5, 1869, and graduated at the University of Minnesota in 1895. The same year Dr. A. E. Johnson commenced practice in Zumbrota, and four months later in Red Wing. He was born in Kasson, Minn., June 23, 1876, and is a graduate of Rush Medical College, of the class of 1902. In 1904 Dr. S. B. Ilaessly entered upon his professional career in Cannon Falls, lie was born in Campbells- port. Wis., December 25. 1875, and was^graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons. Chicago, in 1904. He came to Red Wing in 1909. After graduating at the University of Minnesota in 1907, Dr. C. E. Gates located in Goodhue, and became the asso- ciate and partner of Dr. H. P. Sawyer. He was born in 1879. In the same year. Dr. O. O. Larson, born in Rush River, Wis., in 1877. and a graduate of the University of Minnesota in 1907, opened an office in Zumbrota. Dr. Larson is the county physician for the Zumbrota district. A further addition to the profession in Red Wing, in 1907, was made in the arrival of Dr. P. IT. Cremer. He was born in Wisconsin, March 21, 1878, and was graduated at Rush Medical College in 1904. In 1909 he removed to Cannon Palls. Early in 1908 Dr. N. L. Werner, born in Diamond Bluff. Wis., October 21. 1877, established himself in Red Wing. He is a graduate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Chicago, of the class of 1903. Later in the same year Dr. P. J. Weyrens came to Red Wing. He was born in Stearns county, Minnesota. March 32G HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 12, 1873, and was graduated at the University of Minnesota in 1900. Other physicians than those named established themselves in the county since the beginning of its settlement. They are embraced in the lists following the various points of location. Cannon Falls — Drs. Goodwin, AY. Greaves, J. A. Armington, Hill, E. L. Hills, R. Frettheim, G. Bjornstad, S. Stringer, Magnu- son, Golberg, AA r . B. Jorgerson. Goodhue — Drs. S. E. Howard, E. S. Swartout, P. D. AYhyte. Kenyon — Drs. A. Brown, A. II. Hewitt, Rutherford, Coleman, Turner, Mrs. Turner, AYing, McDacle, Mrs. McDade, R. Leland. Pine Island — Drs. P. R. Weil, Holmes, R. C. Banks, Baker, AA T . AVoodward, Sr., AY . Woodward, Jr., Bothwell, AY. S. Craddock, E. L. Jewell, C. B. McKaig. Red AYing — Drs. A. II. Jones, Mills, E. C. Bolander, Eliza Paulson, F. Keller, F. Delaine, M. Johnson, C. A. Burnett, A. C. Clum, N. Nelson, O. Nelson, Swedenburg, P. C. Bjorneby. Yasa — Dr. Tigerhjelm. Zumbrota — Drs. 0. I. Hall, Slawson, Shattuck, AYell- come, D. Brainerd, J. C. Cockburn, A. Hirsh, A. Ivoren, Sedgwick, C. M. Frye, Beebe, J. C. Crewe, T. R. AYatson, Courtney, G. C. Hoff. No man, woman or child in this county can be so situated as not to be a debtor to one of these men. They are the members of a profession which exacts from them the largest responsibility and the greatest death rate in the world, receiving no rewards comparable with the work done or the burdens borne. They are the men that are fighting in behalf of the people against death. AYe need not begrudge destructive heroes their fame, but the con- structive ones ought not to be forgotten. The heroism of skill and toil belonging to the latter class is worthy of as grateful record. No other men under heaven can do humanity so much good as physicians. To create a medium for intellectual exchange and to give pro- tection to the public and the profession, the Goodhue County Medical Society was founded in 1869. The charter members, so far as now known were : Drs. AY. AY. Sweney, A. B. Hawley, C. N. Hewitt, E. S. Park, F. F. Iioyt, B. Jaehnig, of Red AYing; Charles Hill, of Pine Island; Christian J. Gronvold, of Norway; 0. II. Hall, of Zumbrota. The official records of the society have, unfortunately, not been preserved, and it is now quite impossible even to outline its usefulness in its infancy. However, we may still be able to impress the reader with the sterling integrity of its members, who traveled twenty or thirty miles by team to attend these meetings. They had a deep and enduring interest in the manifold problems of medicine and a human interest in the affairs of their brotherhood and our Great Master’s entire family. They found that society work was both a direct aid and a stim- ulus, and that in a multitude of counsel there is wisdom. The HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNT Y • 327 meetings were held in Red Wing, Camion Falls, Norway and Zumbrota. In those distant times only advanced age and illness Avere reasons for members staying aAvay, and then their interests did not die out with the termination of presidential or other office. In the seA r enties and eighties the society added to its mem- bership. Its meetings Avere both well attended and profitable. The last meeting the AA r riter attended A\ r as at the home of Dr. Gronvold, in NorAday, in 1884. It was an outdoor meeting on a beautiful day in July. Every preparation had been made for the occasion. The table Avas set under a leafy canopy. The dinner, as the saying is, came off triumphantly. It comprised a bound- less profusion of everything nutritious- in the garb most light and digestible for an infirm stomach. The host admirably filled the chair, and the post-prandial enjoyments, including the society’s program, Avere rarely, or never, surpassed by any bancpiet the Avriter ever saAv. Much that Avas delectable at the time, and that •is not unpleasing on reflection noAV, could be recited, but would probably be less interesting to the reader than to the writer. “But pleasures are like poppies spread, You seize the flower, its bloom is dead.” Flourishing as the society Avas, its existence was terminated in 1891. The causes need not be traced here. They recall no divisive memories. The feAV facts in the possession of the Avriter give no special significance to the eA r ent. In October, 1902, the society Avas reorganized at Red Wing. The neAv organization has been strengthened and improved. Its boundaries have been pushed forward. It brings medical men more constantly together, making consultations more easy and more natural, and stimu- lating fraternal feeling. It makes collective and comparative experiments possible, furnishing a center in Avhich is focussed the “group opinion.” Its programs are stronger than before. It discusses its problems from time to time with the leaders of the profession. It invites joint meetings Avith other county societies. The society has a membership of twenty-three, consisting of the following gentlemen : J. V. Anderson, Edmund Backe, A. T. Conley, II. E. Conley, M. II. Cremer, P. Id. Cremer, F. W. Dimmitt, J. A. Gates. C. E. Gate’s, Iv. Grvttenholm, C. N. HcAvitt, Charles Hill, S. B. Haessly, Bruno Jaehnig, A. AY. Jones, 0. 0. Larson, Id. L. McKinstry, C. B. McKaig, G. II. Overholt, II. P. SaAA-yer, M. AY. Smith, George C. Wellner, N. L. Werner. The society con- siders all respectable physicians its rightful subjects, and rejects all whose so-called education is unaccompanied by any fruits of character. The admission of no clean-handed, honorable and competent physician is opposed. Membership in the society is a guarantee of the physician’s good standing, and that he pursues 328 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY a legitimate practice. The mission of the society is to elevate the profession to a higher standard for increased public usefulness. My friends and brothers in art! A few short years and a new generation shall search these pages for the meager record of our lives. God grant that it may be said of us that the world was better for our having lived. Let us always bear in mind that tin* thing that shall comfort us when we step down into the Valley of the Shadow will not be the size of the estate we shall leave behind, nor the places of honor we have held among men; but, rather, the reflection that we have been able to relieve some poor sufferer in his mortal pain, that we have been useful men in our generation, and that we may look forward with confidence to the reward which awaits a life of honest labor. Grant us an honest fame, or grant us none. With the opening of the twentieth century the boundaries of medical science have been broadened. A radical change between the physician and the public is at hand. “Recent events,” says President Charles AY. Eliot, “have brought into strong light a new function of the medical profession, which is sure to be extended and made more effective in the near future. We mean the function of teaching the whole population how diseases are caused and communicated, and what are the corresponding means of prevention.” The great public does not realize that in the medical profession the whole line of discovery and effort is toward hygienic living as the preventive of disease, and that in this the doctors are laboring to make the human race immune from disease, and willing to teach the people their part in the struggle. We are all naturally interested in the preservation of health by the prevention of disease. Most people have a fairly distinct idea that proper attention to sanitation is essential to good health, but the great majority are not informed of the possi- bilities out of which disease may come. When a family stands at the grave of a relative who has succumbed to a condition which could have been prevented, as has been proven by different action in the selfsame condition in other people, a new idea takes pos- session of them. This new idea, where the value of prevention is more appreciated than the importance of cure, is the ideal situation. The tendency of modern research is to give especial promi- nence to preventive medicine. To relieve suffering is a godlike office, but to prevent suffering is a higher office still. In the past the field of medicine was restricted to the relief of disease already present, without taking note of its broader and higher mission. On the practical assumption that the function of medical skill is to cure disease, not to discover and ward off its approach, the physician is seldom afforded an opportunity to apply his art HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 329 before the disease lias progressed too far. The question of the necessity for treatment is not decided by the family physician, but by those not qualified to determine the meaning or gravity of the symptoms. To recognize disease and apply the remedies for it, is to the lay mind, the extent of the physician’s office, and is all that custom demands. A large proportion of serious cases which come before physicians are made serious by neglect, and the neglect arises from the disease not being recognized in its early curable stages. This fact accounts for a large proportion of operations that are performed nowadays. The frequency of sudden death from unsuspected heart and kidney disease further illustrates how seldom the physical condition of a person not consciously ill is made the subject of investigation. There are few children of school age free from one or more physical ail- ments, few adults not afflicted with some chronic disability. All this would be guarded against if the family physician were the sanitary adviser, having constant supervision of the family, instead of being called only Avhen someone has broken a leg or one of the children has the croup. So long as a man sees in his physician only a feeler of pulses and a writer of prescriptions, the relation of medicine to him cannot be expected to improve. Today physicians are no longer a group of men and women to whom one only looks for a diagnosis and a prescription. They have come to recognize the fact that their usefulness as physi- cians in dealing Avitli disease problems depends in a great meas- ure on the cooperation of the public. They must haA r e intelligent cooperation to make their work as effective as it is possible for it to be. Prevention of disease is typical of the line in which medi- cine as a AA-hole is to have its principal development in the near future. Let once the idea be grasped that the physician is engaged in preventing disease, instead of Avaiting for an opportunity to cure it — that his mission is a wider one than merely to deal out pills or open abscesses, or attend confinements — and men Avill prefer to put themselves under such directions as will tend to avert illness, instead of relying upon this or that method of cure in case they should become ill. A large part of society has eAmr been against legitimate medi- cine, depending upon the scientific physician in time of trouble, yet iu the interim openly supporting all sorts of shams, frauds and impostors. “The horizon of the average man’s interest in medicine,” says Dr. Welch, “scarcely extends beyond the cir- cumference of his own body or that of his family, and he meas- ures the value of the medical art by its capacity to cure his cold, his rheumatism and his dyspepsia, all unconscious, because he does not encounter them, of the many perils which medicine lias removed from his path through life. What does he knoAV of the 330 HI STORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY decline of the death rate by one half, and of the increase of the expectation of life by ten or twelve years during the past cen- tury?” He pays the lawyer for services involving propferty ten times the fee that the physician receives for services involving life. Many well-informed people recognize the standing of med- ical men, simply because of their knowledge of the immense amount and high character of the work which is being done by the profession, but millions of men and women of reasonable intelligence and education, practically ignorant of this, intrust their most valuable possessions — life and health — to charlatans and chance, though they would not enter court without a lawyer nor build a house without an architect. All of this is due to ignorance of modern medicine. The instruction of the laity by the medical profession is the rational cure for popular ignorance. If the public be properly informed it will become interested, and if interested, it will assist. The knowledge of the human body and the betterment of physical conditions is too personal not to' excite interest, if properly presented. The more the public is-, informed on medical matters the greater is its ability to protect itself, and the closer it will come to the regular physician, and the- higher the standard it will demand. “We, the medical profes- sion, are now in the possession of truths that can help our fellow man. Is it not our duty to tell our fellow man?” The answers to this question are: the national campaign against tuberculo- sis, the bulletins of the boards of health, the medical instruction of the public by county medical societies, by virtue of a resolution of the American Medical Association. The medical profession has accepted facts that bear on the welfare of the people, and it is its duty to make them known. The time is now at hand for a radical change in the relation of the physician to the public at large. Medicine can be a power in the world only as it is repre- sented by the practitioner. He must no longer be concerned only with existing disease, but must take cognizance of the broader field which it is the province of medicine to occupy. His new duty will be to enter into a copartnership with the people for the- prevention of disease; to inform them, according to the measure of their needs, concerning a science which so deeply concerns the lifework, comfort, happiness and mental achievements of every individual. He will take up the medical education of the people and instruct them how to avoid and abort disease, how to make hygiene effective, how to develop physical perfection, and to promote mental and moral improvement. With the diffusion of this information the voice of the profes- sion will be heard in the halls of legislation ; its influence will be felt in a virile grasp of the great principles that underlie the physical well-being of society. Neglect of public sanitation will •» ■; George C. Wellnor, M. D. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 331 cease to fill our hospitals and our cemeteries ; architecture will no longer be the handmaiden of disease ; systems of education arranged without the slightest reference to the laws of mental development will be discarded. Questions of health will have their weight in determining the relations of capital and labor; excessive hours of duty, exacted of those to whose vigilance the lives of the traveling public are intrusted, will no more result in appalling disasters. Unrestricted traffic in drink will not con- tinue to destroy life and health, and to prepare an inheritance of disease for offspring yet unborn. Public opinion will cease to applaud that abnormal activity in business and social life which has already gone far toward making us a nation of invalids.” “A great duty,” says a distinguished president of the American Medical Association, “rests on the practitioner today. He must not shirk it ; he must rise to his new burden, accept, and bear it. The reward to the medical profession for taking this new burden will be a broader life for the practitioner, a greater consideration for his fellow man, better citizenship, and the recognition by the world that the medical profession is a great benefactor.” “To labor for the alleviation of suffering and for the restora- tion of health,” says Professor John Allan Wyeth, “is a noble vocation, but to teach our fellows how to avoid disaster is a prouder privilege and higher duty.” — George C. Wellner, M. D. Dr. George Christian Wellner was born May 24, 1849, near the ancient city of Scheinfeld, Middle Franconia, Bavaria, where the family settled prior to 1700. He came to the FT. S. in 1857, settling in Manitowoc, Wis., and moving to Chicago in 1862. He received his education in the parochial school of the old country, the common schools of the U. S., Prof. Geo. W. Quackenbos’ Pri- vate Academy, and Rush Medical College. He came to Red Wing, Minn., in 1875 and located successively in Springfield, Minn., 1880; Red Wing, 1883; Wabasha, 1885, and Red Wing, 189.3. In 1878 he married Miss Margaret S. Hickman. Their children are, Emilie M. (Mrs. R. A. Haeussler), George C., Berthold B., Giralda M., and Margaret M. The doctor has held the following offices : Physician to the North Star Dispensary, Chicago, 1875; county physician, Brown county, Minn., 1880-83 ; member cnminon coun- cil and board of education, Springfield, Minn.. 1882; county physician, 5th district Goodhue county, Minn., 1884 : county physician, Wabasha county, Minn., and health officer of Wabasha, 1890-93 ; secretary board U. S. examining surgeons, Wabasha, 1886-93; assistant surgeon 3rd regiment M. N. G., 1887 ; president Wabasha County Medical society, 1890; secretary board U. S. examining surgeons, Red Wing, 1897 to present time ; president Goodhue County Medical Society, 1906 ; president board of health. Red Wing, 1907 to present time; director 3rd district Min- 332 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY nesota Association for the Relief and Prevention of Tuberculosis ; member of the Goodhue County Medical Society, Minnesota State Medical Society, member of the American Medical Asso- ciation. Dr. Wellner is the author of ‘‘The Medical Graduate and His Needs,” and of the article “The Physician,” the latter of which appears in this volume. CHAPTER XX. SONS OF THE VIKINGS. Discovery of America — Modern Norwegian Immigration — Mathias Pedersen Ringdahl — Early Settlers — Anecdotes — Officeholders — Newspapers— Norwegians as Pioneers— Their Present Status. The Norwegians of today are the descendants of that fearless race, the Vikings, who peopled the coast of Norway and swept the oceans with their swift craft, venturing to Iceland, then to Greenland, and then, it is believed, even to the Atlantic coast of North America as far south as Long Island. It is stated that Bjarne Herjulfson, while driven about in a storm, sighted the coast of Labrador in 986. Eric, the Red. was one of the pioneers of Iceland and Greenland, and his son, Lief Ericson, or Leif the Lucky, as he was called, was early tilled with the spirit of adven- ture. In the year 1000, this Leif, with a company of thirty-five men. set out from Greenland and started down the North Ameri- can coast, landing on the island of Newfoundland and on the peninsula of Nova Scotia. Continuing their voyage, they reached the vicinity of what is now Massachusetts and Rhode Island in the fall of the year. The wild grapes were hanging heavy on the vines, and Tyrker, a German, who accompanied the expedition, called the place Vineland. Norwegian historians have declared that Leif landed and settled near what is now Fall River. Mass. Even to the present day, there exists in New England a stone tower believed to have been the work of these Norsemen. In 1003. Leif’s brother, Tliorwald. was killed by the savages while leading another expedition of Norsemen in about the same locality. In 1007 came a larger expedition, headed by Thorfinn Karlsefin, who had married Gudrid, a widow of Thorstein, a brother of Leif. This expedition consisted of 600 men and pos- sibly some women. They landed near what is now Buzzards Bay. Three years later this settlement was abandoned, and the party sailed back to Greenland with hides and timber. In 1847 there probably occurred another attempt, although this is less generally believed than the story of the other Norse 333 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 33-1 settlements. It has been declared that Columbus visited Icelaud in early life, and that he was familiar with the story of the discovery and settlement of the New England coast by the Norsemen. In 1619, a Norseman, Jens Munk, visited America at the head of a Danish expedition whose intention it was to take possession of a part of the country in the name of the king of Denmark. He returned to Norway in 1620, the only survivor of the attempt. In 1633, a Norwegian ship builder by the name of Hans Han- son Bergen, who had for a time resided in Holland, came to New Amsterdam, as New York was then called. It is also believed that there were some twenty other Norwegian settlers in that early colony. Claus Van Sande, the Indian interpreter of the New Amsterdam colony, was a Norwegian. July 4, 1825, a party of Norwegian Quakers left Stavanger, Norway, and in due time reached New York. What subsequently became of this party has never been positively established. ' In 1839 a large colony of Norwegians came to Wisconsin. With this colony begins the story of modern Norwegian immigration to America, although from the settlement at New York down to that time there had been here and there individual Norwegians who took an active part in public affairs, notably in the Moravian colony at South Bethlehem, Pa. It is possible that several Nor- wegians settled in Minnesota in 1851, but the real influx started in 1852-53, when Houston and Fillmore counties began to be populated. The first Norwegian in Goodhue county was Mathias Pederson (Ringdahl), from Hadeland, Norway, who came to Red Wing in the winter of 1852-53. He did not, however, found any settle- ment. It Avas in 1854 that the Norwegians settled in two town- ships at the same time — Holden and Wanamingo — also occupying portions of Leon and later of Minneola. Following is a list of some of the early Norwegian settlers: Plans Ovaldsen, from Krageroe; Henry and Toege Nelsen Talla, from Lyst.er, Song; William Runningen, from Sandoekedal; Anders Baanhus, from Soevde, Telemarken; John Stroemme; Anders Hesjedalen and IJaldor Five, from Strilelandet ; Tosten Aaby, from Sigdal ; Bernt Sauland, from Jaederen ; T orb jo era Wraalstad, from Dramgedal; Nils Fenne, Syver Honedal, from Voos; Gunder Hestemyr, from Sandoekedal; Olaf P. Ness, from Vik, Sogn ; Guttorm Otternes, from Aurland, Sogn; Mathias Ringdahl, Faaberg; Christian Lunde and Andreas Erstad, from Land; Tosten Guldbrandsen, from Gudbrandsdalen ; Ola and Aamund Ofteli, from Telemarken ; Knut, Anders, Ole and PI. K. Finseth, from Hallingdal; Jens Ottun, 0. J. Sortedal, Kolben Egtveit, 0. 0. Huset, Halvor Ener- sen, Torbjoern Enerson, Ole 0. Oakland, Ole J. Bakke, Tosten HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 335 Anderson. Nels Gulbrandsen. As far as is known all these came in 1854, most of them from Wisconsin. Nest came Svend Nor- gaard. from Telemarken ; Ola Gunhus, from Kroedsherrad ; Christian Halvorsen Dokken, from Hallingdal; Kagnvald Ohn- stad, from Aurlancl. Sogn ; Ole Eriksen, Elling Ilalgrimsen, Lars N. By; G. K. Norsving, Ole Nesseth, Erick Anderson; Nils Mik- kelsen, Mickel Johnson, P. N. Langemo, Syvert Halvorsen Dokken, Halvor Syvertsen Dokken, Syvert Markussen, Lars Markussen, and Helge Gnlbrandsen Bakken, from Yang, Yalders. The last named walked from Decorah, Iowa. Mrs. Ole Bakke, the first white woman in Holden, relates that one day she left her child lying in its bed and went out to get some water, and when she returned the child had disappeared. She hurriedly ran out and as she heard the cries from a nearby grove, she ran to it as fast as she could. A squaw had stolen the child, but when she saw the mother coming she left the child and ran away. Mrs. Torbjoern Enersen gave bjrth to the first white child in Holden. Erik Elton died there in the fall of 1855. This was the first death in the township. The early settlers in Goodhue county were as poor as they were able, the worst was that they did not have sufficient clothing to withstand the severe cold. But they soon overcame this. Soon they began to raise Avheat on a large scale. As an example of what the first settlers had to endure the following is given : A man who wished to go to Oronoco, Olmstecl county, in the winter of 1855 spent the night with Erik Talla and continued his journey the following morning. After three days lie returned. During all this time he had been wandering about on the prairie in a blinding snow storm without knowing where he was and without finding people. The following story relating to Indians was obtained from C'leng J. Dale: “It was in the year 1852. One evening about 7 o’clock there came a warning that the Indians were coming and that they were murdering our next neighbor and his family. It was difficult to say what to do. The thought of saving anything of our possessions we immediately gave up. We thought it wisest to flee just as we were. With our one-year-old daughter, my wife and I went eastward to Osmund Wing, aaIio was busy getting his family into a Avagon. We decided to go in an easterly direction to Torger Rygh, a devout old countryman, where people frequently held meetings. Here we soon gathered a whole company. The Avomen and chil- dren occupied the second story, Avhile the men remained below and armed themsel\ r es as well as Ave could AA T ith axes, pitch- forks; firearms we did not have. Those of the men who were the most Yiking-like took their places as sentries about the house during the night. HoAveA r er, the Indians did not come. In the HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 336 morning we sent out two spies to examine how matters stood in our homes. They returned with the report that as far as they could see and hear, everything was quiet and our homes were in the same order in which we had left them. Then we returned. At this time B. J. Muus was pastor of the Holden congregation. He removed his family to Red Wing.” Mr. Muus, however, returned and continued his labors. Herman Hansen Bakke, who now lives in Spring Valley, AVis., relates that lie settled at Belvidere Mills, Goodhue county, in 1855, and that. he had no crops the first five years. Prairie fire destroyed them. On one occasion he also lost hig tools and every- thing else which he owned except his house. The pioneer Peter Langemo relates, among other things : “The houses in Goodhue county occupied by our fellow countrymen Avere small, as a rule 10x12, but. small as they Avere, they often accommodated tAvo or three families. The first year after Min- nesota became a state a law Avas passed that the taxes should be collected by the town treasurer. Thus it happened in Holden that the treasurer and his family lived together Avith another man in the latter’s log hut. Avliich to all appearances Avas still smaller than the others. So it happened one day that a Hailing Avho lived in the Avestern part of the township came to pay his taxes, but he seemed to harbor a fear that he had come to the wrong place. After having carefully examined the hut on all sides, he entered and made his observations and asked, ‘Is it here that the high official lives?’ The treasurer was Ole Solberg, and after an affirmative answer the Hailing paid his tax. The Holden congregation Avas founded in 1856, by Rev. IP. A. Stub, belonging to the Norwegian synod. It was the first Nor- wegian congregation in the county. Nevertheless the congrega- tion did not have regular service before Rev. B. J. Muus arrived in 1859. The church Avas built in 1861. Hans Hanson Iloltan Avas the first Norwegian in Goodhue county to hold a public office, he being elected to the legislature in 1857. 1 1 is brother-in-laAV, 0. 0. Ilagna, was the first Nor- Avegian in the county to hold county office, being elected treasurer in 1869. He is still living, and makes his home Avith his sons in Minneapolis. A list of public officers in Goodhue county of Norwegian birth or descent folloAvs : Members of the state legis- lature — Hans Hansen Holtan, from Naes, Telemarken; Lars Iv. Aaker; A. Iv. Finseth. of Kenyon, from Hemsedahl, Hallingdahl; Olaf 0. Norvold, of Zumbrota, from Lesje, Gudbrandsdal ; 0. J. Wing, of Aspelund, parents from Htavanger district; 0. Iv. Nae- seth, of Wanamingo, parents from Holden, Skien ; Frederick Pet- tersen, Zumbrota, from Ondenhus; Knut Iv. Finseth, of Kenyon, from Hemsedahl; A. A. Flom, of Cannon Falls, from Aurland, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 337 Sogn : G. K. Norsving, of Nerstrand, from Yang. Yalders ; N. P. Langemo, of Kenyon, from Sandoekedal; N. J. Ottun, of Kenyon, from Lyster, Sogn; Ole P. Huleback, of Kenyon, Horn Hausedahl ; H. P. Hulebak, of Kenyon, from Hause- dahl; Ole 0. Hnseth. of Norway, from Holden’s: -John H. Boxrud. of Goodhue, from Eidsvold ; C. L. Brusletten. of Kenyon, from Naes, Hallingdal; Jens K. Grondahl, of Red Wing, from Eidsvold ; A. J. Roekne, of Zumbrota, parents from Yoss. Treasurer — 0. 0. Hegna, from Sande, Telemarken. County auditor — Carl N. Lien, of Red Wing, ancestors from Yang, Yal- ders. Clerk of district court — Hans Johnson, of Red Wing; Albert Johnson, of Red Wing. Court commissioner — George M. Gulbranclsen, of Red Wing. County attorneys — S. J. Nelson, of Red AYing"; Albert Johnson, of Red Wing. County coroner — A. ' H. Allen, of Red Wing, from Hallingdal. Sheriff — A. F. Ander- son, of Red Wing, from Fredricks. (Mr. Anderson has also been county commissioner, state dairy commissioner and presidential elector.) County superintendent of schools — Julius Boraas, of Red Wing, parents from Stjordalen. County commissioners — 0. K. Naeseth, of Wanamingo; A. T. Kjos. of Kenyon, from Yang; Ole 0. Huset, of Nonvay, from Trondhjem; 0. K. Finseth. of Kenyon, from Hemseclal; T. K. Simmons, of Red Wing. County supervisor — Nils G. Nyhagen. of Kenyon. Judge of probate, Oscar D. Anderson. Justices of the peace — K. K. Hougo, from Hallingdal : Mons S. Urevig, from Aurlancl, Sogn ; A. A. Flom, of Cannon Falls; judge of district court, Albert Johnson, Red Wing. The following places in Goodhue county have Norwegian names: Holden. Norway, Toten. Eidsvold, Dovre. Sogn. Henning. Yang. Nansen, Aspelund, Skyberg. The majority of these post- offices have been replaced by the rural free delivery. Several Norwegian papers have been published in this county: “Budbaereren,” the organ of the Hauge’s synod, was started in 1868, by L. E. Swenson, of Christiana. The first editors were the Revs. Oesten Hansen and 0. A. Bergh. It is published weekly at Red Wing, has twenty-four two-column pages and has of late years been edited alternately by Rev. Christian Brohough and C. C. Holter. “Boernevennen. ” an illustrated Sunday school paper, was established in 1877. by C. Lillethun and Rev. Christian 0. Brohough. The paper belongs to Hauge’s synod and is pub- lished at Red Wing. “The Little Messenger” is a weekly paper for children, published in Red Wing under the auspices of Hauge’s synod. “Nordstjeren,” a weekly paper, was started in Red Wing in 1895 and was published several years. Jens K. Grondahl was the manager and editor. “Broderbaanclet. ” the publication of "Brodersamfundet,” was issued in 1899 at Ken- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY ■338 yon, by Rev. K. 0. Lundeberg, and moved 'to Wahpeton, N. D., in 1903. It is now printed weekly at Minneapolis, Minn. 1 hirty years ago a previous history published an estimate of the Norwegians as pioneers. At the time this article was \\ i itten less than two decades and a half had elapsed since the settlement in the county, and but few of the children born in the township had attained their majority. The article, as written at that time, follows: “A large number of inhabitants of the county — at least one-fourth — are Norwegian. In the south- west part, where the county offers the greatest advantages for agricultural purposes, several townships are settled almost exclu- sively by them. In this fertile and suitable region they have a better chance of having their energy and industry rewarded than they had in Norway, where greater exertions were needed merely to gain a subsistence, whether as agriculturists on the small, stony and steep pieces of cultivated land or as sailors and fish- ermen on the surrounding sea. The Norwegians are eminently fit to be pioneers of civilization. In their lonely valleys they have become more accustomed to live by themselves and to be content in their own company than settlers from more densely • populated countries; and they do not to the same degree feel the want of social advantages, from which the pioneers, to a greater or less degree, are excluded. Self help was, in the old country, cultivated to a high degree in regard to the mechanical work needed by the farmers. It was often a considerable dis- tance to the next neighbor, and the farmers did much of the work themselves, where in other places a tradesman was called into requisition. Almost everyone could, for instance, do his own horseshoeing and other blacksmith work ; thus they were well accustomed to the hard work called for in a pioneer country, because in their own country they had to work hard to make a living, and this rigorous training has made them hardy, strong and enduring. As soon as they arrive in this county they com- mence working with a good will, and almost universally their exertions have been crowned with success. The kind of property the Norwegians value the most is landed estate. The first set- tlers tried to stretch themselves over as much land as they could, occupying land for their relations and friends yet to come, be- sides what they claimed for themselves. New land seekers were frequently turned off with the information that all the surround- ing land was taken. The boundaries were sometimes so extrava- gant that controversies ensued with later arrivals, which on one occasion, at least, resolved into blows. This collsion caused the ‘Club Law’ — established by some of the oldest settlers for the retention of their claims— to be abolished. A battle with clubs, axe handles and other weapons was fought at one time on section HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 339 30, Wanamingo, with damaging results to more pates than one. .As soon as the claim was secured, work commenced, .preparing the ground for seed, grubbing out the brush and breaking the soil. The lodgings were inferior, and for a long time confined to the primitive log hut, which, however, was solid and warm. As the Norwegians care well for their domestic animals, the first improvements in the way of buildings are good and substantial stables and barns. They do not, for immediate use, build a smaller and cheaper structure, but they wait until able to build something large and solid, and then, economical as they are, they do not shun the expense. ‘The best is the cheapest,’ is their motto. As soon as the Norwegian has a comfortable home, and often before, he lohks around for more land, and buys of his neighbor, if he can; thus the price of land rises in Norwegian neighborhoods so that it often sells for one-fourth more than the same quality brings in other parts of the county. Those farmers who have been less successful in obtaining for them- selves land or property frequently sell out and remove to other parts of the country. The Norwegians prefer to build each at a distance from the other. Everyone likes to have his own for himself, and at a distance from his next neighbor, and to be in as large a degree as possible ‘Monarch of all he surveys, whose rights there are none to dispute.’ ” Thus was it written thirty years ago. Today there are no more intensely loyal Americans than the descendants of these ■same Norwegians. Intelligent, educated, progressive, with un- swerving devotion to principle, foremost in the ranks of those who work for the good of the county, they are often more thor- oughly American than the descendants of the Puritans. With the ancient Norse ancestry of which to be proud, and a record of modern achievement which places them with the leaders of twentieth century movements, they have laid their stamp upon the county and country, and their sons and brothers are occupy- ing positions of trust and honor wherever the United States flag is floating at the present time. CHAPTER XXI. SWEDISH SETTLEMENT. Early Colonies — Coming to Minnesota — Mattson, Willard and Norelius — Story of the Early Swedes Told by Dr. Norelius — The Churches at Red Wing and Vasa — Reminiscences by Early Settlers — Characteristics of the Swedes. The first Swedish settlement in the United States dates from 1638, when there sailed into Delaware bay a man-of-war, the Kalmar Nychel, and a smaller vessel, Fogel Grifs, bearing a band of Swedish colonists. The voyage had taken over six months, owing to terrible storms, and when the colonists finally arrived they were so thankful and delighted that they called the cape Paradise Point. They purchased land on the Avest bank of the Delaware bay from the Indians for a fair price. This land stretched from Cape Henlopen to the fall near Trenton, taking in nearly all the state of DelaAA^are and a portion of Pennsylvania. They immediately built a fortress, which they named Port Chris- tina, in honor of the queen. They called the neAv state NeAv Sweden. Here they remained and prospered, being at peace Avith the Indians, Avho had learned to trust them on account of their fair dealings. They had brought with them from the old home the fear of God, their Bible, respect for sacred things and a strict observance of the Sabbath. It has been said that no emi- grants more closely resemble the Pilgrim Fathers of NeAv England in Avorks and faith than the SAvedes. Some of these Swedish colonists continued to live on the banks of the DelaAvare, and their descendants are today among the most honored citizens of America. The man who cast the deciding vote for Pennsylvania as a member of the Continental Congress, in favor of the Declara- tion of Independence, was a SAvede of DelaAvare, named John Morton. When the Civil War broke out General Robert Ander- son, with a handful of men, bravely and calmly met the first shock of the Rebellion at Fort Sumter. The idea of a Noav Sweden originated in the mind of Gustavus Adolphus, but Avas not carried out until after his death, Avhen his chancellor. Axel Oxenstjema, completed the plans. The 340 HlfSTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY ail Swedish king had intended the colony to be an asylum for the oppressed of all nations, a free state where all would have equal rights and where slavery should never exist. Trade between the white man and red men was fair and square ; they always kept their word with the Indian and never cheated him. When William Penn arrived on this continent in 1662 it was the Swedish settlers and their children who received him and made him wel- come to the new world. They were Penn’s interpreters with the Indians. Penn did precisely as the Swedes had done, bought land of the Indians at a fair price, treated them kindly and kept faith. The Swedes had become so prosperous through their industry that in 1698 they were able to erect a church of stone, and the city of Wilmington has now grown up around its walls. This church, known as the “Old Swedes’ Church,” still stands, after nearly 200 years, a fitting monument to the New Sweden of Gustavus Adolphus. Swedish immigration was not large throughout the colonial period. Only about ninety-four people arrived ‘from Sweden in the ten years, 1820-30. Since then it has rapidly increased, but it is only in the past fifty years that the influx of Swedish settle- ment has been great. The first governor of New Sweden was Johan Printz of Vester Gotland, who was appointed August 15, 1642, when he was knighted. He died in 1683. The men of Swedish stock who rendered service in the Rev- olutionary and Civil wars are numbered by the thousands. Among them are Admiral Dahlgren, General Robert Anderson, General Nelson, who was shot in Kentucky, General Stohlbrancl, General Yegesach, Colonel Hans Mattson, and Colonel Elfiring. Then, too, there is John Erickson, the great inventor who planned and built the “Monitor,” which saved the country from great peril. He was born in Sweden, son of a Swedish miner, and lived in a miner’s lint in the backwoods of Sweden. The first Swede to come to Minnesota was Jacob Falstrom, who came to the state before 1819. The first Swedish settlement in the state was commenced at Marine, Washington county, in 1850, by Oscar Roos and two other Swedes. The first Swede in Goodhue county was Nils Magnus Nilsson, known as Nels Nelson and as Dr. Sweney’s Nels. He was brought from St. Paul by William Freeborn and here sp'ent the remainder of his life. He served in the Civil War and spent his declining days in a cabin on the island opposite Red Wing’s levee. In this cabin he was found dead, and all the old settlers turned out to his funeral. The influx of Swedish immigration to Goodhue county was started by Colonel Hans Mattson, but was also greatly assisted 342 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY by Dr. E. Norelius and S. J. Willard. The real beginning of the- Swedish settlement in this county was in 1 854. The Swedes have taken an important part in the development of Goodhue county and are now numbered among her best citi- zens. Their children and grandchildren are thoroughly American and are taking the places in official and business life to which they are entitled. The characteristics of the Swedish people have been admirably summed up by Colonel Mattson as follows : “Yes, it is verily true that the Scandinavian immigrants, from the early colonists of 1638 to the present time, have fur- nished strong hands, clear heads and loyal hearts to the republic. They have caused the wilderness to blossom like the rose ; they have planted schools and churches on the hills and in the valleys * they have honestly and ably administered the affairs of town, county and state ; they have helped to make wise laws for their respective commonwealths and in the halls of Congress; they have with honor* and ability represented their adopted country abroad ; they have sanctified the American soil by their blood, shed in freedom’s cause on the battlefields of the Revolutionary and Civil wars ; and though proud of their Scandinavian ancestry, they love America and American institutions as deeply and as truly as do the descendants of the Pilgrims, the starry emblems of liberty meaning as much to them as to any other citizen. “Therefore the Scandinavian- American feels a certain sense of ownership in the glorious heritage of American soil, with its rivers, lakes, mountains, valleys, woods and prairie.s, and in all its noble institutions; and he feels that the blessings which he enjoys are not his by favor or sufferance, but by right — by moral as well as civil right. For he took possession of the wilderness, endured the hardships of the pioneer, contributed his full share toward the grand, results accomplished, and is in mind and heart a true and loyal American citizen.” Dr. Eric Norelius s'ome years ago wrote an account of the early Swedish settlement and consequent growth of their colonies, which is of deepest interest to all who have considered the beginnings of the Swedish influx, which has continued to have so important an influence on the life of the county. The contri- bution of Dr. Norelius follows: “The honor of having first directed the influx of Swedish immigration into Goodhue county belongs to Colonel Hans Matt- son. He was a young man with a military education, from Sweden, and had spent some time in Moline, 111., after his arrival in this country. The following is gathered from an article written by him in the early part of 1856 and published in ‘Ilemlandef, ’ a Swedish paper, then at Galesburg : HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 343- “ ‘In the month of September, 1853, I started from Moline with a small company of immigrants for Minnesota, in order to find a place where we could commence a colony. Having arrived at St. Paul, Minn., some of our party took a contract for some work, while I, together with four others, started out to find a place for our future home. We were directed to Red Wing, which a short time before had been laid out as a village. We were told that good land could be had in the neighborhood. We w r ent on board a steamboat and made directly for that place. When we landed w T e found the whole bank, where the town now stands, covered with Indian tepees, but we did not see more than four dwelling houses to prove to us that the people of our race lived there. Soon we met several Americans, who received us with much hospitality, and when they learned the object of our visit they got us a team and a man w T ho was acquainted in the wilder- ness to go with us and show us the land. The following day we started out, but we did not feel satisfied before we got upon the prairie, now known as Yasa. On this prairie we found the best of soil and we saw good oak timber in all directions. Now we had seen enough, and we went immediately back to St. Paul, in order to make ourselves ready to move to our new place. “ 'It was in the month of October and we expected a cold winter. As we considered it impossible at so late a season to build houses comfortable enough for the women and children, all those who had families resolved to stop at St. Paul over the winter. In company with two other men we returned to make claims for all of us. When we for the second time returned to Vasa prairie we were provided with a tent, a stove, some pro- visions and some winter tools. After having pitched our tent on the bank of the big creek, now Belle creek, in a clump of trees, and arranged our romantic camp, we went out to recon- noiter the land around about and took several claims. There- upon we went about to build a house where we could live during the approaching winter. Some weeks after two families of our party came down from St. Paul to stay, and during the following summer, 1854. we numbered ten families. “ ‘On one occasion, when the Rev. E. Norelius, of Indiana, conducted religious services, a Lutheran church was organized, and the settlement received the name of Vasa, in memory of the great hero, Gustaf Vasa, who liberated Sweden from foreign despotism and brought about the establishment there of the Lutheran faith. The name seems to be well chosen, as the Swedes at A r asa strive to imitate the great Gustaf and his coadju- tors. Before this name was applied the place was known as “Swede Prairie,” “Mattson’s Settlement.” and also “White Rock,” from a big rock of white sandstone somewhat similar in HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 34-i form to a small, old church in the old country, situated in the southern part of the town.’ ■‘From the time of Mr. Mattson’s account, as above, up to 1860, a large number of Swedes arrived, partly from Sweden direct and partly from the older states of the Union, and filled up not only the town of Vasa but also parts of the surrounding townships, such as Leon, Cannon Falls, Belle Creek, Goodhue, Featherstone, Burnside and Welch. Quite a number settled in Red Wing from the beginning of Swedish immigration to Good- hue county. The most of them were of the Lutheran profession, at least nominally. ' ‘ The organization of the Swedish Lutheran churches at Red Wing and Vasa stood in connection with a missionary tour to Minnesota, which I made in 1855, in the months of August and September, I at that, time being pastor of several Swedish churches in Tippecanoe and surrounding counties in Indiana. From my diary kept at that time I may here transcribe some items. “1855, August 31. Landed at Red Wing at 12 o’clock at night; took lodging at a miserable hotel; tried to sleep, but could not for mosquitoes. September 1, made an attempt to scale Barn Bluff before sunrise, but was recalled by the breakfast bell. I made some inquiries to find out if there were any Swedes, but I obtained no information. After a while I met a Swedish servant girl, who told me that there were quite a number of them in Red Wing and gave me directions how to find them. After having spoken to several of them and explained the object of my visit, I proposed to hold a seiwice in the evening if a place could be had. They told me that the Presbyterians had a meet- ing house, a shanty, in the burgh, and that we might possibly get it. I then went to the Presbyterian minister, the Rev. Mr. Hancock, introduced myself and asked for permission to use his chapel, to which he consented, provided I would preach the sound gospel. In the evening I had about one hundred hearers, among whom, no doubt, were hard cases. One poor fellow told me that ‘the old devil may run after preachers, but he would not.’ However, not a few seemed to be edified and desired me to hold as many services as my time would permit. “September 2. the Lord’s day, I remained at Red Wing and preached in the afternoon in the Presbyterian chapel, the house being full ; and making a new appointment for Monday night, I got a horse and a guide in the evening and went out to Vasa, word having been sent before, for divine service in the forenoon on Monday. We went up the Spring creek valley and got over the prairies to Carl Carlson’s after dark. Carlson lived in a log house a little to the northeast from the present brick church. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 345 I was hospitably entertained at his house, and on the following- morning, September 3, I was to hold service there. Almost every sonl in the settlement came together at Mr. Carlson’s. No Swe- dish minister had visited them before in their new home. After the service it was proposed to organize a congregation, and the organization then adopted resolutions under the name of the Swedish Evangelical Lutheran church, of Yasa. Swen Jacobson, S. J. Willard and Ola Olson, Sr., were elected deacons. The following persons handed in their names as members of the con- gregation : Carl Carlson, wife and four children ; Ola Olson. Sr., widower, and four children ; John Bergdahl, widower, and one child; Samuel Johnson, wife and one child; Gustaf Carlson, wife and three children; Erik Anderson, Avife and tAVO children; S. J. Willard, Avife and one child; Jonas Gustafson, Avife and one child; Nils Peterson and wife; Peter Nilson. Avife and four chil- dren; Nils Westerson, wife and four children; August Johnson, single; Peter Johnson, Avife and one child; Swen Jacobson and Avife; Anders Nilson, Avife and two children; SAven SAvenson. wife and three children; SAven Olson. Avife and one child: Benzt Anderson and Avife ; Ola Swenson, single ; Sizuild Andersdoter, single; Matts Mattson and tAvo sons; M. Flodquist, single; Gustaf Peterson, single ; Carl Peterson, single ; Olof Peterson. Avife and one child; Nicklas Peterson and Avife; Bonde Olson, single: Nils Eklund, single; Bengt Kilberg, single; Peter Wedin, single; Carl Roos, Avife and tAvo children; A. G. Kempe; in all, eighty-seven persons. “It Avas now the great desire of the congregation to secure a pastor. On the same occasion three children Avere baptized. A'iz. : Maria, born at Yasa August 21. 1855, daughter of Samuel John- son and his Avife, Stina Lisa ; Selma Adelaide, born October 15, 1853, daughter of S. J. Willard and Avife, Anna; John Wilhelm, born on good Friday, 1855, son of Peter Johnson and Avife, Caro- lina. The meeting Avas closed by singing and prayer, and in the afternoon I went to Red Wing, Avhere I preached in the eA’ening. organized a congregation and baptized tAvo children. “Three weeks after that time, when I returned from an ex- tended tour to St. Paid, Stilhvater, Marine and Chisago county, divine service Avas held at Yasa in Nils Peterson’s neAA log house. It Avas September 21. in the midst of the equinoctial storms, the rain Avas pouring doAvn and I was suffering badly from the fever and ague, which I had brought with me from Indians. A young man had taken me out from Red Wing in a lumber Avagon hitched to a pair of horses, a great institution in those days. The Lord’s supper Avas also to be celebrated at this occasion, the first in the history of the congregation at Yasa. After having preached the sermon, or just at its end. I had a very bad attack HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 346 of the chills and had to go to bed, the people in the meantime patiently waiting until the spell was over, after which I got up and administered communion. On September 24 I bade the good people of Vasa farewell, and was exceedingly glad to find an ox team to take me down to Red Wing. Soon after I had left, on September 30, a meeting was held by the congregation at Vasa for the object of electing a pastor. It was then unani- mously resolved to extend a call to me. The sum of $200 was guaranteed as salary for the first year, with the expectation that the congregation at Red Wing, which desired to participate in the call, would contribute a like amount. With a view that most of my parishioners in Indiana, who owned no land there, would go along with me to Minnesota and settle there, I accepted the call and moved to Goodhue county in the spring of 1856. I was in my twenty-third year and had been married nearly one year. 1 knew that a life full of hardships was before me, but I had made up my mind beforehand, with the help of God to conquer or die. I told my excellent young wife that we should have to swim or else to sink, and she consented to do her part. “May 25, 1856, the first Stmday after Trinity Sunday, I preached my introductory sermon at Vasa, in Peter AVilson’s new log house, which was filled to overflowing. My sermon was on the text for the day, treating of the rich man and Lazarus, and I tried to tell my new parishioners that it was better for them to be truly pious with poverty and go to heaven with Lazarus than to be ungodly with riches and go to hell with the rich man. I told them plainly that my object in coming here was to preach and teach the pure gospel of Jesus Christ, and by study, earnest and patient work, to build up a Christian congre- gation, not by periodical extraordinary efforts and occasional high steam, but by diligent and faithful instruction in the word of God. Looking back now upon those years, we have witnessed many movements and changes, but I have no occasion to regret or change my standpoint which I took from the first, and I modestly think that my labor, under God’s blessing, has not been altogether in vain. For several weeks we lived at Peter Nilson’s in the same room in which I preached. Our whole property con- sisted of a bedstead of the rope bottom kind, a plain, square table, an old bureau, an old cooking stove and a few books. Bacon and flour Avere high at Red AVing, and it cost $4 to bring a sack of flour and a ham home to Vasa. In the spring of 1856 a log house, designed for a school and meeting house, had been put up on Mr. AVdllard’s farm, but it was not completed at the time when I arrived, and it took the Avhole summer to get it in order for winter use. However, we Aised it for divine service during the summer, after the floor was put in. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 317 “June 22, 1856, a business meeting of the congregation was held, when a constitution for the church was adopted, the prin- ciples of which are still in force, although considerable altered several times. The question as to the location for a church and graveyard was also brought up. Mr. Willard proposed to donate ten acres of land to the congregation for this purpose, round about the schoolhouse, a short distance to the southeast from the present brick church, and the offer was thankfully accepted. As Mr. Willard had the misfortune to lose his land, the con- gregation could not secure a deed to the property, and conse- quently could not use his offer. A number of dead were buried there, and the schoolhouse was occupied as a meeting house up to 1862. “July 6, 1856, a meeting was held for the election of three trustees, and the following named persons were duly elected, viz.: Peter Nilson, for the term of one year; Carl Carlson, for the term of two years, and Olof Peterson, for a term of three years. A certificate of incorporation of the trustees of the Swe- dish Evangelical Lutheran church, of Vasa, was made out the same day, duly acknowledged on July 13, before Mr. Willard, he being then a justice of the peace, and filed for record July 17, 1856, and recorded in first book, religious societies, pages 9 and 10, by J. M. Hancock, register of deeds. “From that time the congregation may be said to be fully organized. My object now will* be to show something of its development during the subsequent twenty-two years of its exist- ence. My own history is so much interwoven with that of the congregation at Vasa, not to mention that of Red Wing and other places in the county, that I cannot well relate the one without having to touch the other. And I hope, therefore, that the reference to myself will not be looked upon as too egotistical. After having lived for several Weeks at Peter Nilson ’s we moved to a place in the neighborhood of White Rock, on Belle creek, where I bought the improvements on a quarter-section from old Mrs. Bockman, for $130, proved up the claim and paid the gov- ernment price the following winter. When I bought the claim there was a small log hut on it, 8x10 feet in size, with flat sod roof and with no floor. This was to be our kitchen department. I got some common lumber at Red Wing, at a high price, and put an addition to the hut, a shanty 12x16 feet, intended for a parlor, sitting room, bedroom, etc., all in one. We moved in when three sides were up, without roof or floor, without doors and windows. Well do I remember the first night in that house, if house it was. We made our bed on the ground on a pile of shavings and hay, -with the blue sky above us. I had filled the mattress Avith new-cut grass, and unintentionally put 348 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY in with it a small snake. No wonder, then, that in the morn- ing, when my wife made up the bed, she caught hold of the dead snake in the mattress. By and by the roof and ceiling were made, consisting of sheeting; the floor was laid of common lumber, and the carpet put on ; the walls were papered and then we had a nice, clean, cozy house to live in. The only incon- veniences we had were when it stormed and rained, for the carpet then stood like a bellows and the rain came pouring down through both roof and ceiling. On such occasions we used an umbrella. It was only a little odd to sleep under an umbrella in the house. In the middle of September we had a visit from the well known Rev. Dr. Passavant, of Pittsburg, Pa., who stayed Avith us one night. He had a dream. In his nocturnal imagina- tion he thought he lay under the bottom of a lake, and no wonder, for it rained that night. A little later a number of our friends from Indiana came up, and for some weeks we were no less than twenty-one persons, and the weather was at that time very ugly. Horses were yet scarce. Our neighbors were in no better condition, and some were a great deal worse off than our- selves. My friend and neighbor, J. Robertson, first used a big loom for a house ; then he dug himself down in the ground, till he got a small cabin put up. T. G. Pearson, our nearest neighbor, was busy putting up a solid log house that summer ; in the meantime he lived in the same primitive way we did. My time was divided between Red Wing and Vasa and other places, and my duties often called me away from home. On this account it was a trying time for my wife, especially as the Indians were occasionally passing by. In the fall the prairie fire threatened to burn down our house, while I was away, and my wife had to fight for dear life. We continued to live in our frail house until November 4, when Ave moved to Red Wing in a snow storm. “I will now return to the congregation and my pastoral work. As soon as I got to be a little ‘fixed’ I bought a horse and a rickety old Avagon ; most of my trips, hoAvever, Avere made on horseback or afoot, as the roads were poor and far between. During the summer I made a pretty thorough canvass of the whole settlement. People were pouring in A r ery fast, and settled down on the unoccupied land. On November 8 I could report to a special meeting of the congregation that the church num- bered 185 persons, of Avhom 101 Avere communicants. At the same time it was determined to establish a Congregational school, and on November 15 it Avas opened. J. Engberg was the first teacher, Avith a fixed monthly salary of $35. Ever since that time the school has been a fixed institution in the congrega- tion and has done much good for the religious instruction of the children. Among the early teachers Avere Lovisa Peterson, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNT Y 349 Jane Nilson, L. Anderson, A. M. Lundin, S. Westendahl, A. Anderson and P. Lindholni. The winter of 1856-57 was a long and a cold one, and the suoav was very deep. One Sunday morn- ing when I went from Red Wing to preach at Vasa I stuck fast in a snowdrift, just as I got up on the prairie, and I had to return. I learned afterwards that only three persons ventured out to meeting that day. It was a very cold day and they showed their warm religious disposition by grumbling over the non-appearance of the preacher. This, however, was the only appointment I missed that winter. “Having sold my horse to buy bread, I had to foot it between Red Wing, Vasa and other places. This caused me some hard- ships. On New Year’s day, 1857, I had early service in the school- house at Vasa, that is to say, at 5 o’clock in the morning. As the weather was fine and mild, I determined to walk to Cannon Falls and preach in the afternoon. There was no direct road to the Falls at that time, but we were obliged to go around by White Rock, then cross the Belle creek, and over the prairie. I started afoot after breakfast; the sun shone brightly, the weather was mild, but the snow was very deep and there was no track. By the time I got to Belle Creek the weather had changed entirely. A high cold wind commenced to blow, and very soon a bitter snow storm was raging in my face. It was with the greatest difficulty I got over the prairie into the bush. There were no houses on the road. My scanty clothing, which had become wet by dragging myself through the snow, now began to grow stiff with the cold. I laid myself down under the first bush I reached, entirely exhausted, with little hope of ever rising any more. Yet, after some hours a little strength returned, and by the greatest exertion I finally reached Cannon Falls in the evening, but my ears and nose, hands and feet were frozen, and I could not speak for a good while. After having thawed out and taken some food I was able to hold service at night, and on the following day I returned to Red Wing. “Up to November, 1858, I continued to serve the congrega- tions at Red Wing and Vasa, besides making missionary tours to other parts of the state. For fear of making too long a sketch. I will not go into details. At Vasa nothing of special note took place. The question of determining where the future church should be located was up in 1857-58, but without any results. The congregation continued to increase, and numbered 130 com- municants in the fall of 1858, and in several respects I was permitted to see some fruits of my labors. My salary was to be about $200 a year from each of the two congregations, but as the times were very hard during these years, and all being new settlers and struggling for their life, I did not receive the full 350 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY amount. Thus at the annual business meeting at Vasa, June 25, 1858, there was $100 back on my first year’s* salary, and no prospects ever to pay it. My whole salary from both congrega- tions from June 25 to November 1, 1858, amounted to $75 in cash and a few sacks of spoiled corn and one barrel of beans. It was probably the best the poor people could do, and, thank God. 1 did not starve, though it was somewhat pinching. From the beginning of the congregation to November, 1858, the fol- lowing persons were officers: Deacons, Swen Jacobson, S. J. AN illard, Ola Olson, Sr., Johan Sundell, Jacob Robertson, S. P. Peterson, Carl Johnson, Peter Johnson, John Bergdahl, T. G. Pearson and Nils Swenson; trustees, Peter Nilson, Carl Carlson, Olof Peterson, T. G. Pearson, Swen Jacobson; pro-singer, Nils Person; sexton, Jon Bergdahl. Olof Paulson. A change in the pastoral relation now took place. AVhat caused it, and the history of the congregation during my disconnection with it, from Novem- ber 1, 1858, to September 1. 1861, I will now briefly relate. "In the fall of 1857 1 started a paper at Red AVing by the name of ‘Minnesota Posten. ’ It was designed as a family paper, treating of political as well as religious matters, besides contain- ing general news and other matter. I still think that some good in various ways was accomplished by that paper, although 1 had to regret that I ever tried my hand at politics. For some time 1 was suspected of having considerable political influence among the Swedes of Goodhue county; but to tell the truth, I never was a politician, though at various times I have discussed general moral principles of right and wrong, touching politics, but I have never taken any part in political managements, caucuses or meetings, nor have I ever preached politics. I have never sought after any political office in my life. It is true I was elected county auditor in 1858, but this was done while I was away on a journey to Illinois, and I knew nothing about it before I came home. I did not accept the office and Air. Going was appointed in my stead. But to return to my paper. It was published only twice a month, but the burden of editing a paper of that kind, together with the already crushing load of pastoral and missionary work which rested on me, was rather too much for me. Aly health broke down, and in the spring of 1857, I had a severe hemorrhage of my lungs. After having carried on the paper for one year — and the year 1857 was the hardest one in the history of Alinnesota — it was proposed to unite it with ‘Hem- landet, ’ the Swedish paper published at Galesburg, 111., and that the united paper be moved to Chicago. In the meantime I had been appointed as an agent to solicit funds in the East for a Scandinavian professorship in the Illinois State University. I accepted the appointment, and removed with my family to Chi- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 351 eago. As the times, however, were too unpropitious, my agency was dropped, and I was instead elected editor of ‘Hemlandet’ and another religious monthly. After one year I relinquished the edi- torship and served a Swedish congregation at Attica, Ind., one year. I was then appointed traveling missionary for the state of Minnesota, and removed to St. Paul. In that capacity I continued up to September, 1861. “When I left in November, 1858, the congregations at Red Wing and Vasa called the Rev. J. P. C. Boreen. who had recently come from Sweden, to supply my place for one year. At the end of that time he was elected, in 1859, permanent pastor at Red Wing, but at Vasa he was called only a vice-pastor, or supply, because the congregation had hopes I would return. During this time some few families separated from the church at Vasa and organized the Methodist Episcopal and Baptist congregations. Considerable trouble and some bad feeling also arose in the congregation with reference to the question of a new location for a church, which was in contemplation. Many meetings for this purpose were held, and the question was earnestly dis- cussed, but resulted in no definite termination. The old log house continued to be used for the meetings, but was, of course, altogether insufficient to hold so large a congregation. In June, 1861, the number of communicants was 113. The inconveniences were, therefore, very great, and the necessity for a church was very pressing. Mr. Boreen was no doubt a good, earnest and well-meaning man. He afterwards removed to Stockholm, Pepin county, Minnesota, where he served a congregation, and died there March 22, 1865. He was buried at Vasa. In September, 1861, I was recalled to the pastorate at Red Wing and Vasa. I immediately removed to Red Wing, where I resided up to Jan- uary, 1870, and entered upon the discharge of my duties. In order to bring the question of a location of the church to a close, a meeting was called September 7, 1861. at. Vasa, when a committee of eleven was appointed, consisting of such persons as lived round the whole settlement and furthest away from its center, and this committee was authorized to decide upon a place for the church, and by its decision the congregation was to abide. The committee soon after met and decided upon the location where the present brick church now stands, viz., the northeast quarter of the southeast quarter of section 15, town- ship 112. In order to secure the location, the committee had first to buy eighty acres of Dr. Whitmore, of Wabasha, for the sum of $320. The congregation bought forty acres and the other forty was sold to a private person. Now the place was decided upon, at a meeting called October 12 it was resolved to go to work and build a church. It was to be built of frame, 60x38 feet. 352 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Soon, however, a number of families in the southern part of the settlement were dissatisfied with the location, and some other things relating to the building of a church, and withdrew them- selves from the congregation. They even organized themselves into a new congregation and talked of building a church by themselves. The congregation paid no attention to this new movement, but went to work and built a small church on the beautiful hill where it had been decided upon. Hut in view of so many families having withdrawn themselves, the dimensions were cut down to 40x26, with a small sacristy. In June, 1862, it was so far finished that the Scandinavian Evangelical Lutheran Synod of North America could hold its annual meeting there-^ — an occasion of historical note. The movement of the seceders fell to the ground, and by and by most of them returned to the old congregation. “AYe were now in the times of the great Civil War, and the minds of the people were occupied with the all-absorbing theme. It was not a time favorable to the growth of spirituality and the peaceful development of the kingdom of God; the times were too exciting for that. Nevertheless, the grace of mercy in caring for the sick and wounded, and the people, was during that time awakened in the congregation as never before. Not a few of its members went to the war, and many never returned. In num- bers and material wealth the congregation continued to grow during the war. At its close it had 314 communicants. On this account the church soon became too small for the congre- gation. At the annual meeting of 1865 it was proposed to move the church building from the top of the hill to the east side of the lot, put a stone basement under it, and to make prepara- tions for erecting a larger church. This proposition was adopted and the church was removed during the summer. In the fol- lowing fall and winter the basement was occupied by the Con- gregational school and by the Orphan Home, then in its incip- iency. In regard to the erection of a new church, there were many deliberations from December, 1865, to January 2, 1867. It was then resolved by the congregation that I should take the whole matter in my own hands — solicit subscriptions and direct the work from beginning to end. During the winter and spring I had some $8,000 subscribed towards the new buildings, and during the summer Messrs. J. Paulson and J. YVisley made 350,000 bricks. My health failing again, I had to ask permission for one year, from November, 1867, to recruit; and leaving the pas- toral work to my assistant, and the erection of the church to its trustees and a building committee, I went to Sweden on the beginning of 1868. The foundation to the new church was laid in the summer of 1868, and the church was put up in 1869. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 353 D. C. Hill, of Red Wing, was the architect and contractor for the work. In the early summer of the nest year the church was finished and consecrated. Its dimensions are : Length, 118 feet ; width, 50 feet; side walls, 22 feet high. A parsonage was also erected late in the season of 1869. The whole c-ost of the new church and parsonage as completed amounted to $31,065.22. The gentlemen to whom belongs the credit of having collected and disbursed the greatest part of this sum is Hon. J. AY. Peterson, who in 1870 became treasurer of the congregation. With the beginning of the year 1868 the pastorate of Red AA T ing and Vasa wag divided. I then resigned the former and retained the latter ; but I did not remove to Amsa before January, 1870. Among the early assistant pastors were : Rev. P. A. Cedarstrom, from 1867 to 1870; Rev. J. Magny, from. 1870 to 1871; Rev. A. Anderson, from 1872 to 1873. From 1873, on account of my many duties as president of the synod, I withdrew from the active duties of my pastoral office in the congregation, and the Rev. P. J. Sward, formerly missionary among the seamen at Constantipole, Turkey, and more recently at Baltimore, was elected vice-pastor. Up to 1860 the congregation belonged to the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Northern Illinois. Since that time it has belonged to the Scandinavian Evangelical Liitlieran Augustana Synod of North Amei’ica.” Since 1878 following ministers have had charge of the Swe- dish Evangelical Lutheran church, of A"asa: Rev. T. J. Sward, 1878-1886; Rev. E. Norelius. 1886-1888; Rev. J. Fremling, 1889- 1901; Rev. E. Norelius, 1901-1906; Rev. Bernhard Modin, from March, 1906, to present time. Rev. Dr. Norelius has served this congregation in all about 25 years. Living for many years on his own farm, a stone’s throw from the church, Dr. Norelius has on several occasions been a happy refuge to whom the con- gregation has gone whenever a vacancy in the ministry has occurred. This, to a great extent, accounts for the five terms of office which he has served this congregation since its organ- ization in 1855. A member of the Swedish Lutheran Church of America (The Augustana Synod), Vasa congregation supports, partly, several educational and charitable institutions, home and foreign missions, etc., to the amount of about $1,000 a year. The average annual expense for the last three years has been about $5,700. During these years the congregation has installed a neAv two-manual pipe organ at a price of $2,300, and several valuable improvements have been made on the church property. The Vasa church con- sists at present of 1,050 members, of whom 750 are communicants. There are about 260 families belonging to the church. The present value of the church property is $27,800. 354 11 1 ST Oli Y OP GOODHUE COUNTY Every summer, during May and June, seven teachers are em- ployed in different parts of the congregation for the instruction of the children, the main branches of study being the elements of the Christian religion, according to the doctrine of the Lu- theran church, and also the Swedish language and literature. Now, considering the whole history of the Vasa church, it certainly has been a great source of much good, spiritual and material, not only to this community and Goodhue county, but also to the great commonwealth of Minnesota, which most of the Swedish people seem to prefer to any other state in the Union. Rev. Bernhard Modin, the present pastor of the Vasa church, was born near Stockholm, Sweden, August 20, 1863. lie arrived in this country when nineteen years of age, is a graduate of Augustana College, Rock Island, 111., and also of the Theological Seminary at the same place. He was ordained minister in the Lutheran church in 1895. As pastor he has served the Swedish Lutheran Church of America, first at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, (1895- 1896), and then the Swedish Lutheran church, Bethesda church, of Page county, Iow r a (1896-1906). He took charge of the Lu- theran church, of Vasa, in March, 1906. During these years as pastor he has also held several important positions of trust. Thus he Avas a member of the executive committee of the IoAva conference for several years, and secretary of the same con- ference about six years. At present he is president of the board of directors of the Vasa Orphan Llome, a charitable institution, supported by the Swedish Lutheran Minnesota Conference. Rev. Eric Norelius, D. D., president of the Augustana Synod of the Swedish Lutheran church, was born in ILelsingland, Sweden, in 1833. He came to America in 1850, graduated from the Capitol University of Columbus, Ohio, in 1855; entered the ministry and Avas ordained in 1856, and then came to Minnesota, where he has since continued to labor, Avith short interims. The complete story of his early labors is told in an article by himself, which appears in this volume. The dozen congregations he organized in log huts in the fifties have become a conference numbering about 400 congregations and 75,000 members. In 1857 he established the first SAvedish newspaper in Minnesota, which led the Avay to the number published today. In 1862 he founded a high school for the conference at Red Wing, which he nursed and tended Avith much care. It Avas moved to Carver and then to St. Peter and is today the Gustavus Adolphus College, known far and wide. In 1865 he founded the Vasa Orphan’s Home. Dr. Norelius is author of several very important works of the Swedish- Americans of America and the development of the Swe- dish church, also biographies of several of the leading Swedish- Americans. In January, 1903, Dr. Norelius Avas knighted by King HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 355 Oscar of Sweden and Norway, being named as a Knight of the North Star Order. Swante J. Willard related some years ago the following inci- dents: “After our arrival from Sweden we came to Moline, 111. From thence, on a trip up the Mississippi to St. Paul, our boat made a stop at Red Wing. The singular formation of Barn bluff attracted our attention. I then knew not even the name of the place. I said to our company that I would like to settle there, on account of its singular beauty and attractiveness. I then for the first time saw Indians. At St. Paul I met Peter Green and Abraham Peterson, who had been in the country about a year. I learned soon after that a committee of our countrymen, having visited Red Wing and vicinity, strongly recommended the place as a desirable one for settlement. I came with my family in the fall of 1853. Leaving my family in Red AA 7 ing, I went with Matt- son to Spring creek valley, thence on to where Roos and Kemp had started to build but had not finished their house. They were camping in a tent near by. Mattson and I stopped over night with them. We heard the most hideous music of prairie wolves. Mr. Kemp, being of rather nervous temperament, was disturbed by their close proximity. Several times he awakened Mr. Roos and whispered, ‘Roos, Roos, they are trying to dig under the tent.’ Air. Roos, being a good deal of a stoic, finally blurted out. ‘Let the wolves howl; they have not worked as hard as I have during the day, or they would be willing to quit and be quiet.’ The next morning I selected and marked off my claim. As the new settlers could not carry surveying instruments, it was customary to pace out the lines and distances, which almost invariably resulted in large quarter-sections. I was somewhat surprised to find by the government survey the next year that the claim I had paced off for my quarter-section held land enough for about two more. But foreigners have a faculty of profiting from the examples of others, and we have observed that our American friends selected those who were capable of taking long strides to do their measuring. “Alattson and I engaged the following winter to chop wood for Mr. Freeborn. It was a new life for us to be out in the forest. Our house was a shanty 10x12, and combined sleeping apartments, dining hall, parlor and kitchen, circumstances com- mon to all in those days. AA r e were contented with a great deal less than is now deemed necessary. During our stay at this place Indians often visited us. but we were seldom annoyed or fright- ened by their presence. Their canoes were often moored on the river near us. One day Mattson and I resolved to try our skill in one, but like many a bark on the financial sea, it upset a few rods from the shore, and as we succeeded in reaching dry land, we 356 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY concluded to leave the Indian to paddle his own canoe. We left the wood chopping early in March, 1854, and moved out to our claims. Having built our house of logs, we moved in and con- sidered ourselves established as regular farmers. After a few weeks labor our provisions which we had brought with us gave out and Mr. Mattson went to Red Wing to procure more. No steamboat having yet come up the river that spring, he found that scarcity prevailed in town. There were no provisions for sale, and Mattson remained in town waiting for the arrival of a boat. During his absence on this occasion I and my little family experienced the hardest privations of our lives. For nine days we had only white beans, excepting one day I shot a few black- birds. Before our stock of beans was exhausted Mattson returned with provisions. During that year several more families arrived in Vasa. Carl Carlson, Gustaf Carlson, Peter Nelson, Nels Peter- son, Erick Erickson and Samuel Johnson. “In the summer of 1856 we ran a breaking team. I managed the plow, with Frank Carlson for driver. We were breaking for a man in Spring Creek Valley, who, on acount of his anxiety to have us plow deep, used to follow the plow and weigh down the beam. One day we turned up a large snake, over six feet long, which was evidently as much disturbed as we were and in trying to escape chose as a retreat the pants of our employer, who, fearfully frightened, yelled, kicked and almost fainted. I jerked the snake out and killed it. If my team could not appreciate the snake’s appearance, I could and did.” Colonel Plans Mattson writes in his early recollections: “In the spring of 1853, I left Moline, Illinois, for Boston, to meet my mother and sister. They were to leave Sweden about the same time on a sailing ship carrying some 200 emigrants. The ship was three months on the ocean and there was a great scarcity of provisions before landing. The ship at last arrived in the month of July; and a couple of days later the whole party took the cars for the west, I volunteering as their guide and inter- preter. All went well until about 100 miles east of Chicago, when the baggage car attached to our train in front, caught fire. It was thought best to try to reach a station, and the burning rain sped on at the rate of sixty miles an hour. The scene was a frightful one, the cars filled with frightened emigrants, the flames hissing like serpents from car to car, windows cracking, people screaming and women fainting; all at the same time looking to me for protection and deliverance. As soon as possible, I placed men as guards at the door to prevent the people from rushing out and crowding each other off the platform. The train did not reach a station, but had to be stopped on the open prairie, where all were helped out of the cars, without accident except that every HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 357 particle of baggage except what the passengers had in their seats with them, was burnt. In due time another train brought us to Chicago, where the railroad company immediately offered to pay all losses, as soon as lists of the property destroyed could be made out and properly verified. I did all the work without the aid of counsel, lawyer or clerk, collecting nearly $20,000 for old trunks, spinning wheels, copper kettles, etc. Having lost nothing myself, I, of course, received nothing, and as the company did not con- sider it their duty to pay me for my trouble, one of the emigrants suggested that they should do something. The hat was passed around and the collection realized the magnificent sum of $2.60, which was paid me for being their interpreter during that long .journey and for collecting that large sum of money. But I raised no complaint. In due time my own family and friends arrived at Moline. Minnesota was then a territory but little known ; yet we had heard of its beautiful lakes, forests and prai- ries. There were many of the party who decided to find a place for a Swedish settlement where lands could be had cheap, Mr. Millard and myself among them. And it Avas finally agreed that a few of us should go to Minnesota and select a suitable place. Being the only one of the paxdy aaTlo could speak the English language, I naturally became the leader of the explorers. My father Avent AX’itli us and so did Mr. Millard and his Avife, my sister, the Avliole party taking deck passage on a Mississippi steamer, arriA’ing at St. Paul during the month of August. St. Paul was then a toAvxx of a few hundred inhabitants. There Ave found Henry Russell, Johan Tidland and a feAV other Swedish pioneers. Me learned that near Red Ming, places could be found AA’ith both timber and prairie, and an abundance of good Avater. After looking in various places Ave finally decided on the present toAvn of Yasa, about twelve miles Avest of Red Ming. Claims were staked out on Belle creek, north of Mhite Rock, near Avhere a large brick church now stands. After selecting this land, my father returned to Ililnois. I Avent AA’ith the other explorers to St. Paul, where a council Avas held in Avhich our AX’hole party participated, and it Avas decided that three of us, Messrs. Roos, Kemp and myself, should proceed to our claims that fall and do such Avork as we could until the others could join us in the following spring. Red Ming Avas an old missionary station, containing only half a dozen American families, among them ReA’. J. AY. Hancock, aaTlo had been some years a missionary among the Indians. Milliam Fi’eeborn, Dr. M. M. SAveney, H. L. BeA’axxs. Jolux Day. and Calvin Potter were the other settlers. There were also two SAvedes, Peter Green and Nels Nelson; also a NorAA^egian named Peterson. On the river about betAveen Main street and the leA r ee was a large Indian camp 358 HISTOKY OF GOODHUE COUNTY of the Sioux tribe. All the country west of Red Wing was then practically a wilderness, and my little party were the first who started in to cultivate the soil and make a permanent settlement. After supplying ourselves at Red Wing with a tent, cook stove, provisions, carpenters’ and other necessary tools, and a pair of oxen, we hired a horse team, packed our goods in a wagon, hitched the cattle behind and started for the new settlement. Toward evening we arrived at a grove on Belle creek, where we pitched our tent and cooked our evening meal. And only pioneers under- stand how well it was relished after a long day’s tramp. The horse team returned alone with its driver in the morning and we were left in the wilderness. After a day’s exploration we re- moved the camp to another point on the creek, near where Roos had taken his claim. It was now late in September, and our first care was to secure hay for the oxen during the coming winter. A few days’ work produced a great stack. Having heard about prairie fires, we concluded to guard our stack against them, so we set fire to the short stubble around the stack, intending, of course, to put out the inner circle of fire. But a minute and a half was sufficient to convince us that we had made Avrong calculation, for by that time the stack itself was burning with such fury that all the Avater in Belle creek could not quench it. And this was not the worst. Before Ave had time to recover from our astonishment the outer fire circle had extended over the best part of the A r alley and burned all the remaining grass that was left in the county, but fortunately we found plenty near our first camping, ground. Having secured a second stack of very inferior hay, we proceeded to build a rude log house, and had just finished it Avhen Mr. Wil- lard, my brother-in-laAV, appeared in our midst. I accompanied him to Red AVing, where Ave obtained work chopping steamboat wood during the winter. Early the next spring Ave commenced improving our claims and before summer was ended our colony numbered ten families. These emigrants with their goods had to be transported from Red Wing to the new settlement, tAvelve miles, in the following manner: A\ T hen in the spring of 1854 AVillard and myself received a pair of three-year-old steers and a cow from my father, Ave could get no other wagon than a truck Avith wheels made of 4-inch thick oak cylinders, sawed off a log. A good Avagon was made in this way. The wheels were only about twenty inches in diameter, hence I had great trouble in getting over the stumps between John Day’s ravine and Hay creek. The road was about where the Milwaukee railroad track is now. I often had to lift one end of the axle to straddle the stumps, one axle at a time, of course, and as the steers Avere Avild, and my assistants always newly arrived emigrants avIio did not understand how to conciliate the steers by forcible English, I HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 359 often had great trouble. The wagon was stronger than the steers, however ; that helped me. On that truck I carted out the goods and supplies for all the emigrants that arrived at Yasa in 1854. The Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Church, of Red Wing, belongs to the Minnesota Conference of the Evangelical Lutheran Augustana Synod of America. Its history in resume is as fol- lows : So far as it can be ascertained, the first Swede who made Goodhue county his home was a man by the name of Nils Magnus Nilsson, who was brought to Red Wing from St. Paul by the pioneers Dr. W. AY. Sweney and William Freeborn. He worked for Dr. Sweney a number of years and became known as the doctor’s Nils, and also as Nils Sweney. Nilsson served in the Civil War from October, 1861 until March, 1863. He died April 30, 1893. In the spring and summer of 1855, the Swedish immigration to Red Wing received its first real impetus. In the fall, when the Rev. E. Norelius came to Red V 7 ing and preached the first Swedish sermon at this place, he had an audience numbering over 100 souls. The Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Church was organized on September 3, 1855, in the Presbyterian Chapel, the use of which was kindly granted to Dr. Norelius. On the following day the organization was completed, hence the 4th is given as the date of organization in the church minutes. The charter members were the following: Hakan Olson, wife and five children; Marten Person, wife and six children ; Anders Carlson, wife and son ; Peter Sandberg and wife ; Magnus Jonson, wife and three chil- dren ; Bengt Anderson, wife and three children ; Carl Anderson and wife; John Nilson Bvlo ; Peter Johanson; Nils Kallberg, wife and one child ; Anders Johan Johnson ; Nils Trulson, wife and two children; Anders Peterson; Swen Swenson; Lars Westerson, wife and one child; Anders Westerson; Mrs. Anna Brita Person and two children ; Peter Anderson, wife and four children ; Anders Wilhelm Jonson and one child ; Elna Person ; Inga Swenson ; Anna Nilson ; Carl Bockman and son ; Edward Soderlund, wife and two children; Peter Sjogren, wife and two children; Swen Kjellberg and wife. In all fifty-four communicants. Peter Sjogren. Hakan Olson and Anders Carlson were elected trustees. In October the Red Wing and Vasa congregations jointly extended a call to Rev. Norelius and on May 16. 1856, he arrived here with his wife. The introductory sermon was preached on Trinity Sunday in an unfinished store building on the corner of Fourth and Plum streets. At the close of the service a subscrip- tion was made for a church, which amounted to $104. The 360 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY congregation bought a lot on the comer of Fifth and Franklin streets from C. J. F. Smith for $153. It was decided that the church should be 26 feet wide, 30 feet long, with 12-foot Avails. There Avere to be three windows on either side with fifteen panes of glass in each, 12x14 inches in size. The door was to be 4 feet 6 inches wide and 8 feet high. The church Avas erected in the summer of 1856, but it Avas never fully completed, never being painted, and because of its shape it Avas nicknamed the Swedish barn. The little struggling congregation Avas happy, however, over the fact that it could worship in its oavu church, even though it in no sense could be compared with the larger and more massive churches in Avliich the emigrants had been accustomed to Avorship in their fatherland. This church Avas later on converted into a parsonage and is still standing on the original sight. It Avas sold when the present parsonage was built in 1889. The second church. At the annual meeting held January 7, 1863, a committee Avas elected to find a more suitable church lot, and to get plans and specifications for a new church. FolloAving is a list of the committee : T. K. Simmons, Hakan Olson, Anders Swenson, C. G. AVernstrom, S. A. Fristedt and Carl Anderson. As a result of the Avork of this committee, the lot upon Avhich the present church stands, Fifth and AYest avenues, Avas bought for $200. A subscription committee composed of C. G. AYernstrom, Anders Larson, Gustaf Carlson and J. Nordcpiist, Avas elected to solicit funds for the neAv church. The Avork Avas begun in the summer of 1866 and completed the following year. The building Avas built of red brick, 36x60 feet in dimension, at a cost of $4,296 Avith the furnishings. In 1883 a pipe organ Avas installed at an expense of $2,500. The present church. At the annual meeting January 1, 1893, the congregation decided to begin preparations for a new church building. A building committee was elected as folloAA r s : A. Danielson, G. L. AVebber, P. J. Peterson, G. A. Johnson, Aaron Anderson, J. P. Carlson, F. J. Linne, N. O. AYallin, P. E. Lindell, P. J. Patterson and Rev. G. Rast. The folloAving persons Avere elected to solicit funds : A. J. Frenn, Aaron Bengtson, A. G. Skoglund, J. F. Erickson, P. A. Lamberg, A. L. Anderson, N. O. AA r allin, N. Akenson, Gustaf Isaacson, P. A. Johnson and ReA r . G. Rast. It Avas found that the expenses of the new church, according to the plans which the committee proposed, exceeded greatly the amount which had been solicited, and therefore the matter of building Avas dropped for a time. But the subscription commit- tee continued its work, and on the 9th of April, 1895, the commit- tee reported a fund of $7,000. By ballot the congregation decided HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 361 to begin work immediately. In the latter part of May the old church was torn down, and on the 20th of June the first stone was laid. August 1, the cornerstone was laid by Dr. E. Norelius, who was then president of the Minnesota Conference. On Thanks- giving day the first churchly rite took place in the new structure, when C. A. Iv. Johnson and Miss Hilma S. Erickson were united in marriage. On December 20 the first service was held. The old pulpit, pews and other church furnishings were used until 1899, when the present church furnishings were installed. On August 13, 1899, the new church, fully completed, was dedicated by Dr. Norelius, assisted by Dr. East, the pastor of the church, and seven visiting clergymen. The new church is built of gray limestone in Gothic archi- tecture. Its dimensions are 60x80 feet, with a side chapel 30x50 feet. The tower is 130 feet high. The total cost of the building was $23,000, but conservative estimates value the building now at $40,000. It is fully paid for. The altar painting, a copy of Plockhorst’s noted work, representing Christ walking on the sea, and painted by Prof. O. Grafstrom, Rock Island, Ilk, was donated to the church by the Junior Mission Society, paying $315 for it. A bell, weighing 2,800 pounds and costing $800. was donated by Mr. and Mrs. G. P. Malm. The pulpit is a gift of Mrs. N. Akenson, the pews are circular and made of quartered red oak. Memorial art glass windows were put in by Mrs. T. Iv. Simmons, Mrs. Clara Youngdahl, J. G. Gustafson’s children, Anders Lindgren’s children, Hakan Olson’s children, the young people’s society, and the choir. During the year 1909 the entire floor was covered with cork carpet, donated by the Dorcas Society at an expense of over $500. The chancel was carpeted by the Ladies’ Aid Society with green velvet carpets, the side chapel was furnished with lecture room chairs, a r lso a gift from the Ladies’ Aid Society. The Willing Workers paid for new pew r s and choir chairs in the gallery. Parsonage. In 1871 the first church, was remodeled and equipped as a parsonage at a cost of $700. In 1888 a lot was bought on the southwest corner of Fifth and Fniton streets for $1,000, and in 1889 the present spacious building, having eleven rooms, was erected at a cost of $4,000. Pastors. Dr. Norelius, who organized the congregation, served as its first pastor until November, 1858, and again from 1862 until 1868. From 1859 to 1861 the Rev. J. P. C. Boreen served as pastor. He moved to Stockholm. Wis., where he died in March, 1865. He was buried at Vasa. November 1, 1S69. a call was extended to the Rev. P. S.joblom 362 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY in Porter, Ind. The call was accepted and Rev. Sjoblom arrived in Red Wing in April, 1869, remaining in charge until in July, 1886. AVhen Rev. Sjoblom took charge of the congregation the membership was 200. Between the years 1869 and 1875, 474 com- municant members were received into the church, aside from those who were confirmed. From 1876 to 1886 the membership was increased by 279 communicants. Dr. Sjoblom died in Minne- apolis January 24, 1909. In January, 1887, the Rev. G. Rast. assumed charge of the fold, preaching his first sermon Sunday, January 30. Dr. Rast served the congregation over twenty years or until May, 1907, when he moved to Sand Lake, Wis. During Dr. Rast’s pastorate the communicant membership was raised from 500 to 700, over 500 communicants being admitted during these years. Dr. Rast also had the pleasure of moving into a new parsonage and into the new magnificent church. Rev. E. G. Chinlund, the present pastor, assumed charge of the congregation in October, 1907, preaching his first sermon Sunday, October 27. He was born in Chicago, 111., January 18, 1872. attended the public schools of Chicago, and continued his studies at Augustana College, Rock Island, 111., graduating in 1896; 1896-97 he served two congregations, in Montello and North Easton, Mass., as supply. Thereupon he entered the Theological Seminary in Rock Island, graduating in 1900, and was 'ordained to the ministry at the Synod in Burlington, Iowa. He accepted a call from Lincoln, Neb., where he remained until removing to Red Wing. While in Lincoln he took up graduate work at the State University for two years. In 1901 Rev. Chinlund was mar- ried to Alma Swenson of Chicago. Officers and church societies. — The present church board is composed of the following members: Deacons, William Sjogren, tl A. Isaakson, Carl Linder, Karl Hawkanson, Andrew Mossberg and P. A. Lamberg, Trustees, S. S. Lundquist, II. E. Akenson, Cl G. Swenson, Oscar Kawkanson, Arthur Johnson, Clarence Skog- lund, Cl A. K. Johnson, Andrew Lindgren and O. D. Anderson. Celia Gustafson has served the congregation as organist since 1889, and Andrew J. Frenn has been sexton since 1897. The following societies are doing active work for the upbuild- ing of the congregation: Ladies’ Aid Society, organized 1888; of- ficers: President, the pastor; secretary, Mrs. C. A. K. Johnson; treasurer, Mrs. F. F. Hoorn. Dorcas Society, organized 1887, re- organized 1904; officers: President, the pastor; vice president, Mrs. B. A. Johnson; secretary and treasurer, Mrs. E. G. Chin- lund. Young People’s Society, organized 1880, reorganized 1887; officers : President, Clarence Skoglund ; vice president, Herman Hon Peter Nelson HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 363 Chinlund ; secretary, David Gustafson ; treasurer, Harry Ander- son. Willing Workers, president, Mamie Gottrick; vice president, Hulda Skoglund; secretary, Gena Lundquist; treasurer, Minnie Swanson. Concordia Society, organized 1909 ; president, the pas- tor; vice president, N. J. Skoog; secretary, Arthur Johnson; treas- urer, P. A. Lamberg. Sunday school is held every Sunday and is attended on the average by 150 children. The school is divided into a senior and junior department, the senior department hav- ing fifteen departments and the junior department ten classes. Superintendent, the pastor; vice superintendent, Andrew Moss- berg ; secretary, Harry Anderson ; treasurer, Clarence Skoglund ; librarians, Leonard Nelson, Reuben Skoglund, Eva Lindgren and Mabel Anderson. There are two church choirs, the senior choir, composed of about twenty members, and the junior choir, com- posed of about thirty young ladies. The congregation publishes a monthly eight-page paper, edited by the pastor. The following statistics may be given for the church year ending January 1, 1909: Number of communicants, 658; total membership, 1.001 ; expenses for salaries, $1,858.88 ; other pur- poses, $1,387.16 ; to missions, education and benevolent purposes, $1,210.32; total, $4,456,36. Since its organization the congrega- tion has contributed toward church buildings, $38,000 ; toward missions, education and charity, $20,300, and toward current ex- penses, $102,000 ; total, $160,300. Hon. Peter Nelson, of Red Wing, ex-senator, is a man greatly honored throughout the county for his work in upbuilding this section of the country. To his efforts is largely due the fact that the Training School is located here, when there were many other cities bidding for the honor. He was born in Skatlof, Sweden, April 14, 1844, son of Nels Nelson, a Swedish farmer and bridge contractor. The subject of this sketch left his native land on May 1. 1866, bound for America, but on account of the great rush was compelled to wait at Liverpool nearly a month. When he at last secured passage, cholera broke out on board, and out of 250 cases seventy-five proved fatal. For this reason the ship was held at Ellis Island in quarantine for a month after reaching New York, and it was consequently nearly the last of July before Peter Nelson was permitted to set foot on the land of which he was later to become an honored citizen. Since that landing his record has been one of successful achievement. He arrived in Rockford, 111.. August 1, 1866. In this town he was employed at various work, and by attending night school, supplemented the education he had received 'in the public schools of his native coun- try. During the latter part of his stay in Rockford he worked at the carpenter’s trade, and December 4 of that year entered the 364 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY employ of a sash and door factory in Water Yalley, Miss. In 1868 be formed the firm of Newbero & Nelson, contractors and builders. A year later he boug'ht his partner’s interest and car- ried on the business himself for about a year, after which he purchased a half-interest in a hardware store at Oxford, Miss., the firm name being Peter Nelson & Co. In 1873 he sold out and came to Red Wing, where he started a store in company with Jonas Peterson, on Bush street, handling all kinds of hardware and also harvesting machines and farm implements. In 1888, Mr. Nelson bought out Mr. Peterson’s interest and in 1895 added a plumbing department. He continued this business until 1905, when he sold to D. B. Johns and retired from active business. Mr. Nelson became interested in politics in early life, and has always been a stanch Democrat. He was a member of the state committee from 1883 to 1889 and served in the senate from 1887 to 1889. In 1890 he was defeated for that office by but thirty-five votes, and in 1892 was defeated for secretary of state by 8,250 votes. He has also occupied other prominent public offices. He was interested in the Minnesota Scandinavian Relief Association in its earliest days, and in 1886 was elected vice president. Since 1892 he has been its president. He also belongs to the Elks and the Commercial Club, and is financially interested in many of Red Wing’s leading industries. Mr. Nelson was married in Oc- tober, 1870, to Oliva Olson, daughter of Mr. Olson, a hotelkeeper in Awika, Sweden. To this union has been born one son, Peter A. Senator Nelson has a pleasant residence at 1004 Fourth street. F. W. Kalfahs CHAPTER XXII. THE GERMANS, Origin of Race — Colonial Germans — Prominent Teutons — Ger- mans in Goodhue County — Early Settlers in Various Town- ships — German Soldiers — German Officeholders — St. John’s Hospital and Training School — German Industries — German Churches— Written by Prof. F. W. Kalfahs. The earliest information we have of the Germans, the peo- ples and tribes who dwelt among the dense forests that stretched from the Rhine to the Vistula and from the Danube to the Baltic Sea, comes to us from the Romans, the principal authority being Tacitus. The term German is of Celtic origin, though its mean- ing is not precisely known. It was in all probability borrowed by the Romans from the Gaids. The Germans are a group of Indo-Germans or Indo-Aryans. They are the aborigines of central Europe, near the Baltic Sea, according to recent researches of Schrader, Hirt, and Hoops. Tacitus speaks of the Germans in contrast to the over-refined Romans, who were morally corrupt, as being tall and slender of stature, healthy, robust and of handsome appearance. Their virtues were purity of morals, hospitality, loyalty, honesty, open- heartedness. Women were held in high esteem, and they con- sidered matrimony as sacred. The cause of German emigration was religious and political suppression ; as war, revolution and persecution on account of their religion. Other causes were social evils; as famine, pesti- lence, poor soil, and excess of population. The first Germans came to the United States in 1683 from Frankfort-on-the-Main, and under the leadership of Pastorius settled in Philadelphia. The German emigrants did not merely look for material and physical advantages as to where they could find the best land and where to get the most money for their labor; they also con- sidered the religious and ethical phase. They looked for re- ligious toleration, to worship God according to the dictates of their own conscience. They chose- not the South under the curse 365 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 36G of slavery, where free labor was despicable, but the North. Ger- man emigration has been invaluable to the United States. Most of the emigrants were but peasants, but they were not afraid of work. They were not gentlemen by birth like the Virginian colony in search of advantage or gold. They were Avell suited for the hardships and privations of the early settlers. With inde- fatigable diligence and endurance they turned the impenetrable wilderness into blooming meadows and pleasant settlements. German emigrants of 1848 were not common laborers, they emigrated on account of political reasons. President Fillmore in 1859 said about them: “Before 1848, we had numerous Ger- man emigrants, but they were of different material — good, honest laborers, who came here with pick and shovel to get their own homes. Those of 1848 are different people, full of music, ethics, politics, philosophy, and criticism,” etc. The Germans of colonial times made settlements principally in New York and Pennsyl- vania, also in North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland, New Jersey, Maine, and Massachusetts. The first German settlement iu the United States took place in 1683, when thirteen families from Krefeld, Germany, landed in Philadelphia, Pa., and founded Germantown, near Philadelphia. Pastorius bought 10,000 acres of land for them from William Penn. The real beginning of German history in the United States dates from 1683. To commemorate the event the German Day has been established since 1883. In 1709, 10,000 emigrated from the Palatinate (Pfalz) on the Rhine; most of them stayed in New York. They colonized Pala- tine Town or the Camp German Town or East Camp, German Flats, Tharbush, Ancram and Rheinbeck, Newburg and New Windsor. In South Carolina, settlements were made at the junction of the Saluda and Broad river, at the Congaree and Wateree. They colonized Purysburg in Beauford county. In North Carolina they settled in Granville county, Lincoln county and Mecklenburg county. They colonized Bethabara, Salem and Bethany. Stephensburg and Sheperdstown in Virginia; Frederickstown, Hagerstown and Middletown in Maryland. In New Jersey they settled in the counties of Morris, Hunderton, Sommerset, Sussex, Passaic, Bergen and Essex. At the beginning of the Revolution- ary war four-fifths of the inhabitants of New Y ork were Ger- man and Dutch, while two-thirds of Pennsylvania and one-third of New Jersey and Maryland and Virginia was German. Germans of prominence in colonial times were John Conrad AVeiser, Conrad Weiser, Peter Summer, John Peter Zenger, Dr. IT. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 367 M. Muehlenberg, the founder of the Lutheran church in the United States. The first governor of New York was a German, Peter Minnewit or Minuit. He purchased Manhatten Island from the Indians for goods valued at $24.00. Another German gover- nor was Jacob Leisler. The first German newspaper was printed in 1739 by C. Sauer. The first German Bible was printed in 1742. In the Revolutionary war, Baron Yon Steuben was the most prominent general among the Germans. He gave military skill and discipline to the citizen soldiers. He was major-general and inspector-general of the army. Next of prominence was Baron De Calb, the hero in the battle of Camden, South Carolina. Other German generals of prominence were Nicholas Herkimer, general of the Mohawk Germans ; Joseph, John and Daniel Hiester, Har- man, Schreven, Peter Muehlenberg, and others. The most prominent of the German generals in the Civil War was Franz Sigel, who won the battle of Pea Ridge. Julius Stagel won honors at' Shilo. Carl Shurtz reaped laurels at Gettysburg. General Ad. Engelmann fell at the battle of Shilo. General Aug. Willich won the battle of Bowling Green. General Carl E. Salomo distinguished himself in Missouri. Max Weber was mortally wounded at Antietam. Other generals of prominence were Lud- wig Blenker, Frederick Flecker, Al. Schimmelplennig, John Fred- erick Ballier, Henry Bolden, August Moor, Hugo Wangelin, Ad. von Steiwehr, Frederick Salomo, Joseph Osterhaus, August Kautz, Jacob Animen, Gottfried Weizel, Julius Raeth. Among the Ger- man officers of Roosevelt’s Rough Riders in the Spanish- American War were: Captain Frank Franz, Captain Frederick Mueller, Lieutenant and Quartermaster Jacob Schweizer, Lieutenant Samuel Gruenwald, Major Ernst Decker, Sergeant Carl Holz- schuhe, Eugene Ohlinger and A. Fullensreiber, Quartermaster Jacob S. Mueller, Saddler II. J. Haefner, Bugler John Stelzriede, Corporals John Boehnke and Theodore Schulz. The Atlantic Squadron had the folloiving German officers : On the Amphitrite, Albert Merz, lieutenant; Albert FI. IFippner, physician. On the Annapolis, John S. Hunger, commanding offi- cer ; George W. Meuz, lieutenant ; H. J. Siegemeyer, ensign. On the Bancroft, Carl J. Vogelsang. On the Gloucester, IF. P. Ilule, lieutenant. On the Massachusetts, Edelbert Althous, ensign; Eckhart, assistant engineer; J. L. Rosenblatt, assistant physician. On the Minneapolis, Luther S. von Wedekind, assistant physician. On the Puritan, Robert J. Habighurst, first machinist. On the Texas, Harold H. Haas, physician; L. C. Heilner and Francis J. Plessler, lieutenants. On the Oregon A. Aberle, lieutenant. On the Newark, Carl R. Roelker, first machinist. In the Pacific Squadron, Albert G. Winterhalter, flag officer. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 3G8 The first gunner of the Olympia, who fired the first shot in the Battle of Manila, was Leonard G. J. Ivuehlein. Rear Admiral Louis Kempff is German. Some of the prominent Germans after the close -of the Revolu- tionary and Civil War: Oswald Seidensticker and Gustav Koer- ner, historians ; Ferdinand Pettrich, the sculptor ; Isak Leeser, English author; Charles Sealsfield (Carl Postel), English and German author; John August Roebling one of the foremost engineers of modern times; John Jacob Astor, founder of the Astor Library; Albert Bierstadt, America’s greatest landscape painter ; Emmanuel Leutze, historical painter ; Carl Sehurz, states- man, orator and soldier; Conrad Nies, foremost German Ameri- can author; Thomas Nast, H. A. Ratterman, Franz Hoffman (Hans Buschbauer), Christian Roselius, M. Hahn, Gustav Mem- minger and E. A. Zuendt. Theologians : Dr. Phillips Schaff, Wm. Nast, Dr. C. F. W. Walther. Pedagogues : Hugo Muensterberg, Harvard; Kuno Franke, Harvard; Frederic Plirtli, Columbia; Herman von Ililprecht, University of Pennsylvania ; Paul ITaupt, Johns Hopkins University; John Flanno Deiler, University of Louisiana ; Julius Goebel, Harvard ; IT. E. von Holst, University of Chicago. The most of the early German settlers of Goodhue county who took claims or bought land and followed farming came from the rural districts of northern Germany principally from the provinces of Pomerania, Mecklenberg, Hanover, Westphalia and Saxony where, with the exception of Saxony, Low German, or Plattdeutch, is spoken almost exclusively. They were not gentle- men by birth, who came here in search of adventure and gold and would in the course of time go back again. They were not taught how to swing the axe in the dense forest, or how to clear the land for cultivation, but they were experienced farmers, healthy and robust, and Avell suited for the hardships and priva- tions which the early pioneers experienced. They did not own farms in Germany, but were tenants of lords who owned vast tracts of land, and paid them a mere pittance for a living. They therefore left their fatherland and came here, where they were better rewarded for their labor. In many cases they had not the means for the whole family to come over at once ; but one of the family would come, and after he saved enough, would send for the rest of them. It often required several years to accomplish this. But Low German thrift, energy and endurance finally conquered all obstacles. The country at large, as well as our own country, needed just such men to clear timber lands and break prairies for culti- vation. Most of the early settlers in the fifties had neither horses HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 369 nor oxen. The first summer some spaded half an acre of land for their necessary wants. They carried a sack of flour and other provisions for ten or fifteen miles on their shoulders follow- ing Indian trails, fording creeks at times. There were but few highways. They had no houses when they first took claims and some lived in du gouts until they built log cabins. The second or third year they had a yoke of oxen. Horses in the early fifties were rare. Many of the oldest pioneers have passed away, but some are still among us in comfortable circum- stances, and they, and principally their children, are now reaping the fruits of their labor. The old log houses are gone, and they now have comfortable homes, large stables for their stock, and granaries. One very distinctive characteristic of a German farmer are his premises ; he will consider his own comfort last. You can almost observe at a glance if a German occupies a farm or one of another nationality. His barns, stables, granaries, etc., appear to be comparatively better -than his own dwelling. It is his love for his stock his own peculiar thrift which is conspicu- ous to such an extent only in the German. The pioneer farmer, in comparison with the modern farmer, was handicapped in many ways. There was no machinery, every- thing had to be done by hand ; his grain was sowed by hand, was cut with the scythe and threshed with a flail, and when harvest time came help was scarce and wages very high. When the farmer was to be out in the field he was obliged to go to town to look for harvest hands. If he should find any, it would happen that they would quit the same day, because they were but tramps. The modern farmer is well equipped with modern machinery, is in touch with the rest of the world, with his neighbors, far and near, with the city and the market by telephone and by daily delivery of mail, whereas the pioneer farmer was often without any communication for weeks, even months. In the spring of 1855 the first boat up the river brought a number of German families from St. Louis. Among them Avere the tAvo brothers William and Fred Tubbesing, the three brothers William, George F. and Henry Meyer, F. Wicke and Miss Kater- john. There were but feAV houses Avhen they landed and no hotels. They Avere obliged to camp out for some time, but finally secured a log house. The Meyers took claims in Hay Creek and folloAved farming. In 1855, George F. Meyer and John Hack built a flouring mill on Hay Creek. The Tubbesings, who were cabinet makers, stayed in Red Wing and for some time worked for Andrew Koch, avIio operated a small furniture factory. Peter Tubbesing, who was then fourteen years 370 HISTORY OF GOOHTIUE COUNTY old, was employed in the factory of Charles Betcher for forty- eight years ; has been foreman of the factory for many years. He retired in 1909. The township of Hay Creek was organized in 1858. The first settler Avas a Mr. Eger, avIio took a claim on section two, near the line of Wacoota township in the spring of 1854. In the fall of that year, George Friedrich, father of C. E. Fried- rich of the firm of Friedrich & Kempe, Red Wing, came to the township, but removed to Belle Creek immediately after. The first marriage was solemnized between Ernst Schubert, brother- in-law of Fred Saupe, and Miss Reinhart in 1859 by William Hayman, the first justice of the peace in the township. Early in the year 1856, Charles Aiders built a house near the place Avhere Burkard’s hotel noAV stands. Mr. Aiders Avas one of the many in those days Avho suffered the annoyance of a former claimant. He had his first log cabin nearly completed, Avhen another man appeared to dispute his right to the land, Avhose claim was based upon the fact that he had been there and inscribed his name on a tree previous to Mr. Aider’s advent. The former claimant Avas backed by a mob of men armed with clubs, axes and other weapons. So there Avas no alternative for Mr. Alders but to leave his improvements or pay the required amount of cash. He paid the money, remained and opened his house for the accom- modation of travelers. The early settlers of this town were all subjected to trouble for a number of years on account of being within the limits of the “half breed tract.” Church services Avere held at an early day by both Lutherans and Methodists (the history of which will follow under “Churches”). Each of these denominations has built very fine church edifices. In 1854 the folloAA'ing located claims in Hay Creek: John Hack, Charles Darling, Ernst Schubert, G. F. Meyer, Wm. Meyer, IT. Meyer, Charles Alders and Henry Isensee. In 1855, Rudolph Kruger and Fred Saupe. Mr. Ivruger was a member of the first board of supervisors, ten years chairman of it, the first tax col- lector of the toAvn, county commissioner one term, was elected to the State Legislature in 1875 and 1876. In 1854, Anton Scherf, Ferdinand Scherf. In 1856, August Santelman, Fred Kohn, George Zeitler, also Messrs. Brenefeld and Lichte and Albert Burkhard, avIio kept a store and hotel business besides the farm. In 1857, Henry Seldueter, Peter Stromberg, Henry Helmecke and George Hartman. In 1858, Christian Senkpiehl and Albert Staiger. The following are early settlers, but the exact year is not known. They are also Civil War veterans: Fred Baumbeck, Henry Burgdorf, August Buehholz, C. J. Flenning, August B. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 371 Hillig, John Hennings, J. G. Scholl, Peter AYallauer, Nic-holaus Gross, ¥m. F. Sehmiclt, Henry Bombach, Fred Westendorf, Fritz lvlauser, William Plote, David Freiermuth. The following is a partial list of the early German settlers: In Belvidere — Klaus Holst in 1855, Peter Wagner, Jacob Wohlers. In Cannon Falls — Charles Klock, John Hoffstaetter, John J. Ilar-tig. In Belle Creek — John Hilger, Jacob Hilger, David Switzer, James Schweiger. In Cherry Grove: — Henry Kuhns, Charles Hickman, Gottlieb Persig, Frank Yager, Frederick AYalters. In Featherstone — Joseph Katthoff, Frederick Schmidt, Jacob Banlich, Ernst Phefferle, Mathias Schabert. In Florence — Michael Ackerman, Charles Herder, Casper Koch, William Hauk, Nicholas Schierard, Jacob Schneider, Ed. Schenach, John Roeper. In Old^ Frontenac — Charles Herder, Mike Ackerman, Engel- bert, Haller Lorenz, Jacob Schneider, Henry Huneke, John Huneke, Joseph Brenner, William Miller, John Friedrich, August Seebach, Fred Klehr, Engelbert Berehtholt. In Wacoota — Charles Hahn in 1853, Anton and Ferdinand Scherf in 1854, Andrew Keye in 1854, William Miller in 1855, Julius Smith in 1855, Ludwig Thiergart. In Goodhue — Theodore Kempter, Adelbert Reinhardt, Henry Brandes. In Pine Island — William C. Ackerman, William Krapp, John Mohr, Joseph Ahneman, Conrad Durst, J. A. Kuhn in 1855, Henry Ahneman and John Ahneman in 1856, Schaeffer. In Roscoe — John Bidder, Richard Dressel, Fredrick Hamman, John Kreubeng, Frank Kunz, Jacob Roscli, John Sc-hugg, Frecl Schaunberg. In AAsa — Carl Schroske, John Dablow. In Wanamingo — William Hahn, John Betcher, Peter Hoppe. In Warsaw — Id. Zimmerman, Herman Scherf, Ernst Zahn, In Holden — Charles Zimmerman, Fred Zimmerman, Charles Boatman, Abraham Zimmerman, Michael Hartman, Fred Schmidt. Henry Knutz, Edward Kohler. In Kenyon — August Kaulke, Reinhart Reibath. In Leon — Fred Mohrmann. In Minneola — Carl Schlenty, Frank Stroback. In 1853, J. J. Knauer, a German, surveyed and platted Red Wing for the proprietors, William Freeborn, Benjamin F. Hoyt, Charles L. Willis and Alex Ramsey. An early storekeeper of Red Wing was a German, Mr. Enz, of the firm of Jackson & Enz. 372 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Early Settlers of Red Wing — Frederick Hempftling, Herman Hempftling, Fred Hempftling, Max Hempftling, Lena Hempft- ling, Amelia Hempftling, John Kuhn, William Rethschlag, AY. F. Smith, Andrew Lehrbacli in 1856 ; George Brenn, August Gross in 1857; Julius Anlauf, George D. Hartman, Henry Ivulker, John AVinter, Gustav Witte, August G. Hillig, Jacob Christ, C. F. C. Gr.au, John Pfeifer, Fred Remshard, Ernst Sempf, Gottlieb Bracher, M. Hickman, Henry Hickman, John Hickman, George Hickman. German soldiers of Goodhue county in the Civil AVar were : Herman Betcher (captain), John Ililger, Jacob Hilger, Peter AYagner, Jacob Wol'her, Charles Klock, John Hoffstaetter, John J. Hartig, Henry Kuhns, Charles Hickman, Gottlieb Persig, Fred- rick Walters, Frank Yager, Joseph Katthoff, Frederick Selimidt, Jacob Banlich, Ernst Pfefferle, Mathias Schabert, Michael Acker- man, Charles Herder, Casper Koch, AYm. Hank, Nicholas Schier- ard, Jacob Schneider, Theodore Kempter, Adelbert Rinehardt, Henry Brandes, Charles Zimmerman, Fred Zimmerman, Charles Boatman, Abraham Zimmerman, Michael Hartman, Fred Schmidt, Henry Knutz, Edward Kohler, Fred Baumback, Henry Burgdorf, August Buchholz, C. J. Henning, August B. Hillig, John Hen- nings, Rud. Krueger, J. G. Scholl, Peter AVallauer, Fritz Klauser, David Freiermutli, Nicholas Gross, AVilliam F. Schmidt, Henry Bombacli, Fred Westendorf, William Plote, Christian Senk- piel, August Kaulke, Reinhart Reibath, Fred Mohrmann, Carl Schlenty, Frank Stroback, AVilliam C. Ackerman, William Krapp, John Mohr, Joseph Ahneman, Conard Durst, John Buhler, Richard Dressel, Fredrick Ilamman, Frank Kunz, Jacob Roseh, John Schugg, Fred Sehaunberg, Julius Anlauf, George D. Hartman, Henry Ivulker, John Winter, Gustav Witte, August G. Hillig, Jacob Christ, C. F. C. Grau, Herman Hempftling, Ferdinand Hempftling, John Pfeifer, Fred Remshard, P. M. Stromberg, Ernst Sempf, Peter Tubbesing, Carl Schroske, John Dablow, AVilliam Hahn, John Betcher, Peter Hoppe, IT. Zimmerman, Her- man Scherf, Ernst Zahn, Ludwig Thiergart. The Germans in Company G, 13th Minn. Inf. Vols., in the Spanish-American War were: Colonel Harry Friedrich; Captain Oscar Seebach ; Corporals Fred AV. Reichert, George J. Haustein and Charles J. Alders; Musician Charles A. Wendler; Cook Christ C. Bracher; and Privates Gottlieb Amenda, Henry Bau- mert, Henry II. Bearbaum, Frank A. Brecht, John G. Gerdes, Robert L. C. Geib, Charles J. Hartman, Michael Hempftling, Ed- ward R. Kappel, Conrad J. Risch, Albert M. Schouweiler, Henry Seebach, George Tebbe and Benjamin J. Tubbesing. Germans at present holding office in the city of Red Wing are: HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 373 Clerk, L. C. Meyer; treasurer, George F. Gross; health officer. Dr. G. C. AYellner; superintendent city cemeteries, H. Hanisch. Board of aldermen: President of council, C. H. Tiedeman; first ward, Otto Remmler and Thomas Heiserman ; second ward, Oscar Seebeck and G. F. Euz ; third ward, C. Id. Tiedeman and George F. Eichinger; fourth ward, AY. J. Bock. Police department: — John Jansen, George Tebbe. Fire department : Board of fire commissioners — AY. M. Remshardt. Fire companies (Headquar- ters Central Station City Hall). Steahner No. 1 — Engineer, Her- man Saupe. Pipemen of Hose Co. No. 2 — Louis Kruger, Herman Saupe, Jacob G. Kruger. Cataract Hose Co. No. 1 — Henry Risse, captain ; pipemen, Henry Sieg. Henry Maetzold. La Grange Hose Co. No. 4 — AY. C. Herlitz. Phoenix Hook and Ladder Co. No. 1 — Joseph Reinboldt, J. A. Gross, truckmen. Board of public works — J. II. Schacht. Board of trustees city cemeteries — Charles Beckman, C. A. Betcker. Board of water commissioners — AY. C. Krise. T. B. Sheldon Auditorium Board — C. A. Betcher, B. Gerlach. County Officers — Auditor, Charles II. Meyer; treasurer, Fred Seebach ; coroner, Robert L. C. Geib. County Commissioners — Fred A. Scherf (chairman), Red AYing; A. H. Dieke, Red AA T ing. German physicians in the county are: Drs-. B. Jaehnig, George C. AYellner, M. Cremer and P. J. AYeyrens. ST. JOHN’S HOSPITAL AND TRAINING SCHOOL. St. John’s Hospital is an outgrowth of the private hospital of Drs. Cremer and Claydon, opened in the city of Red AYing, October 12th, 1902. Owing to the rapid growth which marked the career of this institution from the very outset, four trained nurses and four student nurses were employed by the firm. During the winter months additional trained nurses were engaged as occasion demanded, and the student nurses regularly received both practical and theoretical instruction from the superintendent in charge of the hospital. Ida G. Beauford. Two hundred and thirty-six patients were admitted during the year. This number, in the opinion of Drs. Cremer and Claydon far transcended the space and facilities of their temporary hospital quarters; and as the number, especially of patients coming from a distance, was constantly on the increase, new accommodations and permanent quarters for the caring of their sick had become a necessity. The plan of establishing upon a permanent basis, a hospital and training school for nurses had been informally discussed on various occasions during the years 1902-03 by members of the Lutheran clergy and laity of Red AYing. As matters had stood 374 Iil ST OK Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY for many years, adequate treatment, especially of surgical cases and of eases requiring expert medical and dietetic nursing, was frequently sought in toAvns far distant, owing not so much to a lack of medical talent nearer home as to a want of trained help, proper equipment and adequate facilities for the care and treat- ment of such cases. The success of the Cremer & Clayden hospital now emphasized the urgency of this need. Credit must he given especially to the untiring efforts of Kev. J. R. Baumann, of St. John’s church, Red Wing, who brought his influence to bear upon a number of business and professional men in this city, and on several occasions revived the plan of establishing a Lutheran hospital, when others had abandoned it as unfeasible. With the assistance of J. H. Schacht, C. F. Hjermstad, E. H. Rehder and J. C. Seebach, a definite plan of procedure towards the realization of this idea was outlined. A temporary organ- ization was effected in the summer of 1903, and the corporation was organized October 7th, 1903; under the laws of the state of Minnesota, with J. H. Schacht as president, C. F. Hjermstad as vice-president, E. IT. Rehder as secretary, J. Albrecht as treasurer and Rev. J. R. Baumann, Charles Reinhart, John C. Seebach and John Gerdau as trustees. The corporation immediately acquired No. 1407 West Fourth street as a permanent home of the hospital and training school. Ida G. Beauford was engaged as superin- tendent of nurses and continues to serve the hospital in that capacity. Drs. M. H. Cremer, L. E. Claydon and A. E. Johnson constitute the regular hospital staff. A ueAv addition of twenty rooms is now in progress of con- struction for the purpose of having more private wards and for lack of room in general. The cost of the addition will be $16,000. The hospital is located in the best district of Red Wing, about one-half mile from the business center and well removed from the noise, dust and smoke of factories and railways. The building is surrounded by a spacious lawn and grove and affords a beautiful view of the Mississippi and of the charming scenery along its banks. The main floor of the building contains a large reception room, a dining room for the nurses, a well-appointed kitchen, and wards. On the second floor is the operating room, laboratory, wards and private rooms, and the nurses’ quarters. The building is a beautiful brick structure, and the interior is elegantly and tastefully furnished throughout. It is heated by hot air and hot water. The operating room and the laboratory are fitted out accord- ing to the most advanced ideas and contain a very complete surgical equipment. 375 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY The Corporation — The general purpose of this corporation, according to its articles of incorporation, shall be the owning, erecting, improving, maintaining and conducting a public hos- pital for the medical and surgical care and treatment and the nursing of persons afflicted with disease admitted as patients therein and to do and perform all the business incident and neces- sary to the successful operation of a public hospital. The plan of operation of said corporation shall be the securing of funds for the establishment and maintenance of said hospital from gifts and voluntary donations, from issuing its capital stock and, if necessary, from loans and from reasonable charges for the care, treatment or nursing of patients who are financially able to pay therefor. The corporation is organized for benevolent pur- poses and not for profit and shall, whenever able to do so, care for and nurse worthy poor patients admitted into the hospital without charge. The location of said corporation and of said hospital shall be at the city of Red AVing, in the county of Goodhue, in the state of Minnesota. Membership — Any male Lutheran above the age of twenty- one years, who is a member in good standing of any Lutheran church in the United States which has become or shall become affiliated or connected with the Synodical Conference, upon becoming a stockholder of the corporation and making applica- tion therefor, may become a member of this corporation. Capital Stock — The capital stock of said corporation shall be thirty-five thousand dollars, divided into seven thousand shares of five dollars each. Such stock shall be sold, issued and delivered only to persons eligible as members of this corporation. No owner or holder of any such stock shall dispose of the same to any person who is not eligible as a member of this corporation. No sale or transfer of any stock of this corporation shall be valid or effected unless such sale or transfer shall have been entered upon the books of the corporation. The officers of Hospital Corporation in 1903 were : -J. H. Schaeht, president; C. F. Hjermstad, vice-president; E. H. Rehder, secretary and treasurer. Trustees — J. IT. Schaeht, E. II. Rehder, Charles Reinhart, Rev. J. R. Baumann, Rev. E. I. Strom, -J. C. Seebach and Albert Keye. Business Manager— Charles Reinhart. Hospital Staff — M. II. Cremer, M. D. ; L. E. Claydon, M. D. ; A. E. Johnson, M. D. Superintendent of nurses and director of training school — Ida G. Beauford. Nurses’ committee — Theo. Graebner (chairman), F. AY. Kalfalis. The officers of the Hospital Corporation in 1909 are : J. II. Schaeht, president; A. AY. Dicke, vice-president; E. II. Rehder, secretary, and R. AY. Rehder, treasurer. Trustees — J. H. Schaeht, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 376 E. H. Rehder, AY. Adler, Rev. J. R. Baumann, Rev. E. I. Strom, John Gerdau, C. H. Tiedeman. Hospital staff — M. H. Chenier, M. D. ; L. E. Claydon, M. D. ; A. E. Johnson, M. D. Superintend- ent of nurses and director of training school — Hannah Keller. Nurses’ committee — Henry Adler, J. R. Baumann, John Gerdau. Yisiting Committee — AY. J. Scliroeder, H. Ahlers, John Luth, Rev. AVm. Franzman, John Burfeind, C. F. Arndt, Charles Luth, A. Thuman, M". Skramstad, C. Hernlem, Albert Keye, Harvey Luth, Fred J. AVohlers, Chris. Reitmann. Others will be named later by committee. GERMAN LODGES. Turners’ Opera Hall.— This building was erected by Germans, the Turners’ Society, in 1873. It was a brick structure resting on a stone basement; dimensions, 50x110 feet, and cost $23,000. The hall was conveniently arranged and properly furnished, including stage scenery and all the necessary paraphernalia. It had seating capacity for 900 people. The building was destroyed by fire in 1882. The Turners’ Society was organized December 3, 1867, with thirty members. The officers Avere : AYilliam Eisenbrand, presi- dent; J. Kuhn, vice-president; F. Bush, secretary; L. Hoffman, assistant secretary; and II. AYolf, treasurer. Trustees, J. AYinter, F. Hartman and M. Kappel. The society now has a membership of fifty. The officers in 1878 were: John Frederick, president; R. Landauer, secretary; A. Oswald, assistant secretary, and John Bombach, treasurer. Trustees, AYm. Eisenbrand, A. Remmler and L. Hoffman. Teutonia Lodge No. 9, an order of the Sons of Herman, was organized October 30, 1878, with the following charter members: Frank Durig, Anton Brag, John Hamm, II. Plaas, Carl Busch, L. AYnnderlich, R. M. Fox, Fr. Hoffmann, Ernst Springer, Herman Oswald, Dr. Bruno Jaehning, Carl Goebel, Gottlieb Bracher. Olga Lodge No. 7, an order of the Sons of Herman, was organ- ized October 30, 1893, with the following charter members : Friecl- erika Altmeyer, Katie Altmann, Anna Bellhammer, Lina Boat- mann. Mary Grieve, Mary Klingrath, Sophia Hegmann, Bertha Hammer, Amalia Herberger, Mary Huneke, Carrie Landeek, Anna Miller, Bertha Metzler, Anna Neumann, Bertha Risse, Augusta Ratz, Barbara Schmidt, Lina Schellenberger, Margaretha Straub, Rosa Schilling, Carolina AGeths, Katie A^ollmers, Minna AYieeh, Mary AAGeeh. GERMAN INDUSTRIES. Kappel’s Wagon and Carriage Shops. The wagon and car- riage manufactory of M. & J. Kappel was commenced in 1865. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Tlieir shops were opened in a frame building on Third street, near Plum, with a capital of about $2,000. Their business in- creased so as to demand enlarged accommodations, and in 1875 i they tore down the old shops and erected their present ones, which are 40x60 feet, three stories high, and cost $5,000. They gave employment to fifteen men, and turned out about one hun- dred lumber wagons annually, besides sixty buggies, platform wagons, sleighs, etc. Their business averaged about $15,000 per annum. They had about $6,000 invested in the business, ex- clusive of buildings and ground. In 1879 John Kappel retired from the business and M. Kappel became sole proprietor. M. Kappel was a shareholder in the Red Wing Wagon Company and manager of the same. The enter- prise turned out to be a failure financially and Mr. Kappel lost considerable money. William Remsharclt, who has a wagon, paint and blacksmith shop on Plum street, started in business twenty-three years ago, in 1886, on the corner of Fourth and Bush, under the firm of Rem- shardt & Engfer; later he bought the NeAVstrom property, with Anton Ilendel as partner, on Plum street, the present location. Mr. Hendel died in 1901, and since then Mr. Remshardt has been sole proprietor. Other wagon factories have been in operation, those of Henry J. Helmeke, H. Haniseh, and Chas. Reinhart. Newspaper Publication. For twelve years, from 1891-1903, a weekly German newspaper was published in Red Wing, called the Teutonia. Herman Risch was the editor. Mr. Risch is now op- erating the printing press of the Training School. Reichert Cooperage. George Reichert had two large cooper shops, one on Third and one on Seventh street. The former was erected in 1867, was 20x60 feet, two stories in height, and fur- nished employment to nine men. The latter was built in 1877, two stories, 26x100, employed twenty men and turned out 60,- 000 barrels annually. On the same street Mr. Reichert also car- ried on a small one-story shop, employing four men. At the last named place tight work was manufactured. All the products of these three manufactories found a ready market in the city and country. Capital involved about $8,000. Number of men em- ployed, from twenty-five to thirty. The shops on Seventh street are still in operation. Since the death of Mr. Reichert in 1895, John Reichert became manager of the business. The Reicherts have also built up an extensive bottling trade. Red Wing Boat Manufacturing Company. This prosperous business enterprise was started by Germans, John Trautner and brothers, who came from Winona in 1903, being induced to locate here on account of better business facilities. They first located 378 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY on the Betcher property, near the Mississippi bridge, on the cor- ner of Main and Bluff, hut the rapid growth of the business soon demanded larger grounds ; they therefore removed to their pres- ent location in 1907, where they built a modern up-to-date boat factory. It is composed of the following departments: the ma- chine shop, employing twenty-five men, who manufacture the motors for the launches; the woodworking department, employ- ing twenty men, who manufacture the launches; the testing room and tinshop, woodworking machine shop, stock and draft room, engine and boiler room, warehouses A and B, where 200 launches can be stored. They employ fifty men and manufacture 1,000 boats yearly, which are sold all over the world. The plant cost about $50,000. The business is incorporated under the firm of Red Wing Boat Manufacturing Company. The following are the officers : R. FI. Boxrud, president ; J. R. Trautner, vice-president and manager; C. F. Hjermstadt, secretary and treasurer. Remmler’s Brewery. In 1861, William Ileising came to Red Wing and purchased of John Friedericli the Old Minnesota house, located on the corner of Bush and Fifth streets, and immediately turned it into a brewery, with the addition of cellars and the necessary appliances for the manufacture of beer. In 1869, Mr. Ileising built a fine brick structure, 40x80 feet, three stories above the basement. The basement contained the malt machinery and other apparatus. On the first floor were the beer kettle, mash tub, cooler works and the various appliances. Second and third floors were devoted to general purposes. The first beer kettle — 1861 — had a capacity of twenty barrels, and the works now have a kettle of fifty barrels capacity. December, 1873, Mr. Heising died, and the business then devolved upon the widow. This en- terprising woman soon after had an excavation made for a beer cellar, twenty feet deep, fifteen feet wide and 180 feet in length, and above that an ice house, 40x50 feet, two stories in height, built of brick. In 1877, Mrs. Heising was married to A. Remmler. Under the direction of Mr. Remmler, 1878, a new dry kiln was put up, built of brick, 20x22, three stories ; an engine house, 22x34, same height, also of brick. On the first floor of the latter build- ing is the engine, manufactured at, Erie, Pa., and the boiler. The second floor is devoted to the water tanks, cold and hot, and on the third floor cooler apparatus. Since the death of Mr. Remmler in 1908, his son Otto is his successor. Red Wing Brewing Company. The original building of this enterprise tvas put up by Lorenz and Phillip Hoffman in 1857, having a limited capacity, and when Jacob Christ took charge of it in 1871 the annual sales were only about 500 barrels. Later 1,400 barrels were produced yearly. The main building was re- built, in 1878, of stone, 42x52 feet,, with engine room 26x32, brew- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 379 ery room 24x50. The brewery was supplied with one of M. W. Altus’ coolers, 6x12 feet; an iron mash tub, twenty-seven feet in circumference by four feet six inches in height, and copper beer boilers of thirty-two barrels capacity; also one of Smith’s patent malt mills ; a cool shop, 20x22 feet, made of sheet iron and brick. The main building Avas two stories above the basement, and instead of the sample room an office and bottling department Avas added. In addition there Avas an ice house built on the refrigera- tor plan, 21x53 feet. The brewery has since been enlarged and completely remodeled at an aggregate expense of $50,000, hav- ing iioav a capacity of from fifty to sixty thousand barrels annual- ly. It is noAv a modern, up-to-date plant in every respect. In 1905, Zimmerman & Featherstone became co-partners of the business. July 1. 1909. Mr. Zimmerman bought out Mr. Feather- stone and incorporated under the name of Red Wing Brewing Company. The following are the officers: AY. F. Zimmerman, president; Fred G. Haas, A r ice-president ; C. P. Zimmerman, sec- retary and treasurer. L. Hoffmann’s Brewery. In 1865; Lorenz Hoffmann bought the Norquist building, corner Bush and Third streets, and started a breAvery there. The main structure, or breAvery proper, Avas 23x70 feet; dry kiln, 12x26; ice house, 22x28; engine, 26x32, con- taining one of the Densmore engines; beer cellar, malt mill, etc., together with all the then modern appliances for making a prime article of beer. John Hartman formerly had a breAvery in the southwest part of the city on the Featherstone road. The German business firms and business men of Red Wing in 1909 are: Adler. Schacht & Co., George E. Smith, clothing; Adler & Yihstadt, John Augustine, hardware; B. & F. Koch. A. G. Scherf. jewelers; D. J. Metzler (Nelson & Metzler), plumbing and heating; August Becker, Henry C. Kolin. Henry Maetzold. L. C. Stromberg (Morley & Stromberg), II. AV. Santelman. C. FI. Tiecle- man, grocers; C. E. Friederich (Friederich & Kempe), wholesale grocers ; Charles Steaffens, photographer ; Christ Bender, A. AI. Kuhn, druggists ; Charles A. Betcher, lumber; George F. Eieh- inger. Christ Bombach, George Mueller, cigar manufacturers; Christ Bracher, Hans Ilolte. D. Wilkens, G. Leutge, meat market; John Reichert, cooper shop ; A. & AI. C. Remmler, William F. Zimmerman, breAvers; Charles Heidenreich. William Remshardt, blacksmith shops; Sc-herf Bros., pumps; E. AI. Schenach, marble and granite Avorks ; G. Trautner, J. Trautner, N. AY. Trautner, Red AA 7 ing Boat Manufacturing Company; Blumrich Bros., va- riety store ; Adolph Gallaseli. Red AA T ing Filter Sand Company ; Robert L. C. Geib, undertaker; O. Wermuth, furrier; John A. Hartnagel, George J. Haustein, Fred Otto, barbers; G. A. Jansen. 380 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Theodor Kruger, harnessmakers ; Joseph IT. Kayser, upholsterer; M. Kappel, William Remshardt, wagon and carriage shops; M. Barghusen, Henry Plaas, IT. Collmers, J. Yollmers, hotel and sa- loon; Fred L. Rethschlag, Ladner Bros., J. H. Nibbe, Charles Ratz, P. Ruebke, IT. 0. Sehulenburg, A. Miller, L. J. Seufert, saloons ; B. Gerlaeh, president R. W. Brick Company and man- ager La Grange Mills ; George F. Gross, manager of Goodhue County Co-operative Company’s grocery store; J. Stiennan, super- intendent of R. W. Shoe Company; Hugo J. Herder, secretary and treasurer Friederich & Kempe Company; W. C. Krise, secre- tary and manager of R. AY. Malting Company; J. C. Seebacli, treasurer La Grange Mills ; Oscar Seebach, secretary Betcher Lumber Company; W. AVeiss, secretary La Graiige Mills; AYilliam Busch, vice-president La Grange Mills ; Charles E. Beckman, president R. AAL Shoe Company. German Methodist Episcopal Church, of Red Wing. This church society was organized in October, 1855, with Rev. Gustav Zollman as pastor, and Gottlieb Ziebrasse as local preacher, and the following named persons as members of the congregation : A. Koch, Friederich and Mary Koch, William and Katherina Koch, Margareta Koch, Lena Hoffmann, Otto Kascliube and Katherina his wife, Henry Banze, Friederich and William Sie- brasse, Margareta Siebrasse, Anna M. Siebrasse, Herman Kalter- john, Gottlieb Post, Anna Post, Conrad Singenstrue, Charles Alders, Sr., Louisa Alders, and Charles Alders, Jr. After the organization of the society, and until the erection of a house of worship, their meetings were held at the residence of A. Koch. In the summer of 1856, the Red Wing town proprietors donated the society a lot for a church building at the corner of West avenue and Seventh street. The first church in Red Wing was built on it, a small frame structure 24x36 feet, costing $400. The church was dedicated in November, 1856, by the presiding elder, Rev. H. Roth. For many years this building served as a place of worship. It was finally sold to M. B. Lewis, who moved it up the hill to Sturtevant street, where it still stands as one of the old landmarks of Red AVing. The congregation built a new church costing $2,500, which was dedicated in 1892 ; improvements have been made on the building since. A parsonage was built in 1902 at a cost of $1,000. Besides the Red Wing church there are two others in the county, one .at Hay creek and the other at Belvidere. These two churches form a part of the Red Wing circuit and have promising congregations. The list of pastoi’s is found elsewhere. German Lutheran St. John’s Church, of Red Wing. The German Lutherans were first gathered in 1856 by Rev. Sievers, who came up by the intercession of the Lutheran pastors, of St. Louis, preaching twice and celebrating the Holy Communion with HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 381 them. In 1857 Rev. Heyer passed through Red Wing and called them together for services. In 1858 a Conference Avas held at the SAvedish Lutheran Church, at which gathering three German pastors were present — Rev. Wier, Rev. Heyer and Rev. Bauer or Brauer. When the Germans heard of this they came and pleaded with the pastors in behalf of their distress, being without the Word of Life. ReA r . Wier promised to serve them occasionally and administered the Sacrament of Holy Baptism among them. Services were held in private homes, and finally in the Swedish Lutheran Church. The members who first started the congrega- tion A\ r ere : William Retschlag, Andrew Lehrbach, Lorenz Hoff- man, George Zeitler, Ferdinand Hempftling and a few others Avhose names could not be ascertained. One of the first elders of the congregation was Ferdinand Hempftling. In 1861 the little fold of German Lutherans mustered up courage to build a church, which was dedicated to the service of the Lord in December of that year. Rev. Heyer, the founder of the Minnesota Synod, con- ducted the services of dedication, according to the Lutheran Ritual. Rev. Grusendorf took up the work in 1861 and taught school, but left soon. In 1862 ReA r . C. F. Heyer took charge of the congregation, but owing to his advanced age retired in 1863. Rca t . C. H. Blecken succeeded him and served the congregation until 1866. At this time Rev. A. Schmidt Avas called. He Avas quickly succeeded by ReA r . Christian Bender, avIio took charge of the congregation December 7, 1867. Under his pastoral direction the congregation quickly flourished. After ten years of labor, it became necessary that the congregation erect a more commodious church structure and the present edifice was erected and dedi- cated in 1878. In 1881 it became necessary to call a teacher, R. Bertling. He was succeeded in 1884 by F. W. Kalfahs, under AAdiose management the school flourished to an enrollment of sixty-five children. In 1889 hardships Avere encountered. The teacher, having been called to Wauwatosa, AYis., the congrega- tion hesitated to call a successor amid these trying circumstances. Soon, lioAve\ r er, brighter days came along and the congregation Avas enabled to purchase a $1,200 Kimball organ. This bright spark Avas soon darkened Avhen the successful career of the true and faithful pastor, Rev. Christian Bender, came to a sudden close. Over thirty-three years he faithfully served the congrega- tion with much sacrifice. God crowned his labors with success. He died February 17th, 1901. After many A 7 ain efforts to secure a successor, the present pastor, Rev. J. R. Baumann, Avas finally called September 1, 1901, and Avas installed by Rev. Wm. Franz- mann, of Lake City, Minn., in that year. In 1902 the congrega- tion erected a parsonage for the pastor. Feeling the necessity of English mission work, the pastor Avas obliged to conduct English 382 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY services. November 16, 1901, the first English services were held. From this time on there have been regular evening services, every Sunday in the English language, except during the months of June, July and August. In 1906 the congregation deemed it expe- dient to call a teacher, and Alexander Jaeger was chosen. He was succeeded by A. C. F. Meinken, the present teacher, in 1908. Mr. Yaeger having accepted a similar position in Tomali, Wis. The school readily prospered and it became evident that the class-room had to be remodelled. The young people of the con- gregation collected funds and renovated the class-room in the summer of 1907 at an expense of $2,100. St. John’s Evangelical German Lutheran Church of Fronte- nac is the outgrowth of the labors of the Rev. C. F. ITeyer, 1860, who founded the church with the following membership : J. C. Bennewitz, John Thompson, William Miller, Jacob Schneider, John Raeper, John Luth, John Hennings and Fred Koehn. J. C. Bennewitz was the first president of the church, and superin- tendent of Sabbath School, which positions he held until 1875. In 1872 they built their present church edifice at a cost of $2,000. It, is of wood, 36x50, and a very pretty house of worship. J. C. Bennewitz, Jacob Schneider and Wm. Miller were the building committee. In 1898 a steeple was built to the church ; in 1900 a furnace was added; in 1903 the Ladies’ Aid Society was organ- ized by Mrs. J. R. Baumann. The Ladies’ Aid has contributed up to date $1,050 for the church and for benevolent purposes. The Ladies’ Aid is now contemplating the purchase of a small pipe organ. » The pastors of the congregation were Rev. C. F. Heyer, Rev. C. II. Blecken, Rev. Christian Bender, Rev. J. R. Baumann, the present pastor. The German Lutheran St. Peter’s Church of Belvidere was built in 1873. The first pastor was Rev. Horst of Hay Creek. The present pastor is G. Ferber. The German Lutheran St. John’s Church of Minneola was founded in 1875. The present pastor is Rev. D. Metzger. The German Lutheran Christ Church of Zumbrota was founded in 1896 by Rev. P. Ilinderer. The present pastor is Rev. D. Metzger. Grace Church, German Lutheran, of Goodhue. This church was organized in the spring of 1870 by Rev. Christian Bender. It had but eight members at that time. They were: A. Seeback, Gottlieb Seeback, R. Haas, Charles Zemke, Wm. Beteher, Herman Kempe and Peter Tipke. The church was built in 1878, but was de- stroyed by fire the following year. It was rebuilt at once at a cost of $2,500, a structure 36x50 ft. Rev. Christian Bender delivered the dedicatory service the last Sunday in August. It now has a membership of about sixty-five. A parochial school HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 383 is connected with the church having an enrollment of forty pupils. The present teacher is Walter Schroeder. The present trustees are : W. Borgschatz, J. Behrens, D. Reese. St. John’s Church, German Lutheran, of Goodhue. This church was organized several years later than Grace Church by Rev. Horst of Hay Creek. It has a membership of sevePty- flve. A parochial school is connected with it having an enroll- ment of sixty pupils. Rev. Herman E. Meyer is pastor of both congregations. The present trustees are : II. Matthes, Peter Jonas, John Lieliman, John Augustin. Immanuel’s Church, German Lutheran, Hay Creek. This congregation was organized in 1858. Its first members were Fr. W. Dieke, Henry Iielmecke, Fred Saupe, George F. Meyer, Wil- liam Meyer and Henry Meyer. Its first resident pastor was J. Horst of Minneapolis. The pastors of the congregation have been Rev. J. Horst, Rev. Klinkenberg, Rev. F. W. Lange and Rev. J. C. Meyer, the present pastor. In 1897 the congregation built a church for $3,700. In 1908 a parsonage was built for $4,000. The congregation has a parochial school with an enrollment of from sixty to seventy pupils. The first teacher was Henry Augustin, the present teacher is C. F. Arndt, since 1881. The congregation has seventy-three voting members. Its present trustees are Hans Augustin, Ludwig Ehlen arid Dietrich Deden. Its present school board is Joachim Deden, Johann Gerken and Heinrich Dicke. CHAPTER XXIII. LAND OFFICE RECORDS. Government Records of Those Who Took Claims in Goodhue County Before 1858 — A List of Hardy Pioneers, Nearly All of Whom are Now Dead The Year and Month in Which They Came and the Section, Township and Range in Which They Settled Many of Their Claims Still in the Possession of Their Families. In order that no old settler may he forgotten, and that the . names of those sturdy pioneers who came to this county before 1858 may be perpetuated, the editors of this work have com- piled a list of those who, in the early days of the county, took claims in the various townships. In some instances where claims were taken by the same person in more than one section, the name appears as having taken land in but one section, a precau- tion which was necessary in view of the fact that otherwise there would appear many unnecessary repetitions. The old settlers who still remain with us will read this list with mingled feelings of pleasure and regret — pleasure at the memories of pleasant companionship that the names will recall, and regret that so many of them have passed on to the other shore. It is a matter of congratulation to the county that many of the claims mentioned above still remain in the possession of the families of the original claimants, and in many instances the owner of the homestead at the present time Avas born on the farm where he still lives. The list follows : Pine Island (Range 15, Toavii. 109). Sec. 1. John Fletcher, May. 1856; Addison Way, April, 1856; Edward W. Robie, Sep- tember, 1856; John H. Gill, April, 1856. Sec. 2. Alvin Kinny, May. 1856; John Smith, October, 1857; Daniel Stowell, April, 1856; Lars Hanson, July, 1857; Joseph Leybold, August, 1856; August, 1857 ; Abraham Smith, August, 1857 ; Samuel Smith, Au- gust. 1857. Sec. 4. Ole Clemetson, November, 1856; Ole Elling- son. September, 1856; Knudt Clemmetson, May, 1856; Henry I. 384 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 385 Mornany, June, 1856. See. 5. James Spencer, June, 1856; Chris- tian Olson, May, 1856; Andrew Johnson, July, 1856; John Sat- eren, October, 1856. Sec. ,6. Marshall J. L. Dunbar, December, 1856; Lars Hanson, July, 1867; Joseph Leybold, August, 1856; Charles Freley, October, 1857. Sec. 7. James Conklin, June, 1857; Ethan Berry, September, 1856; James M. Rogers, Decem- ber, 1856; Abijah Barker, December, 1856; Jacob Brooks, July, 1856. Sec. 8. Haldor Sateren, April, 1856 ; Simon Mires, Novem- ber, 1856; James C. Miller, May, 1856. Sec. 9. Peter Mornany, May, 1856; John Lee, July, 1857; John Thomas, December, 1856. Sec. 10. James McKinney, June, 1857 ; Charles Fry, November, 1856 ; John Ackerman, May, 1856. Sec. 11. ■ Solomon Demming. July, 1856; Henry Tupper, June, 1856. Sec. 12. James 0. Judd, April, 1856; Henry Putnam, April, 1856; Loren Rice, November. 1856 ; Roland F. Maxwell. June, 1857 ; "William B. Tiffany, April, 1856. Sec. 13. Urial T. Thomas, July, 1857 ; Ann Stowell, May, 1856; Ezra Tupper, September, 1857. See. 14. Alvin M. McHawn, August, 1856; John F. Hall, May, 1857. Sec. 15. Richard G. Ketcham, October, 1856; Nathan B. Holden, July, 1856; Frederick Ackerman, August, 1857; Daniel McAlpin, May, 1856. Sec. 17. John W r . Conat. April, 1856; John Harper, July, 1856; William S. Haskins, July, 1857; Phebe Conat. June. 1857. Sec. 18. Garret Van Schaick, November, 1856; Henry Harper, July, 1856; George W 7 atts Hayward, June, 1857. Sec. 19. Simeon D. Clark, May, 1856; Chester Rhineliart, July, 1856; Robert Cum- mins, May, 1856 ; Charles Cogswell, May, 1856. Sec. 20. David IT. Arnold, June, 1856 ; Daniel Dickey, Jr., April, 1856 ; Benjamin P. Parks, June, 1856. See. 21. Oscar E. Smith, May, -1856; Asahel IT. Wilber, June, 1856; Hiram W. Merrill, May. 1856; James E. Cronk, May, 1856. Sec. 22. Hugh McKenzie, May, 1856; Volney W. Arnold, May, 1856; Luther W T . Holman, May, 1856. Sec. 23. Henry Ahneman, May, 1856; Christian Ahneman, August, 1856 ; Charles Ahneman. August, 1857. Sec. 24. Orson Bump, July, 1857 ; Benjamin C. Crandall, July, 1857. Sec. 25. John Biland, August, 1857 ; Seymour A. Stearns, October. 1857. Sec. 26. James T. Kennedy, October, 1857 ; Alonzo C. Morehouse, May, 1856 ; Leonard Scott, March, 1856 ; John W T . Dean, October, 1856. Sec. 27. Charles S. "Wheelwright. December, 1856; Sydney W T heelwright, July, 1857; John 0. Brown, September, 1857. Sec. 28. Orrin Dickey, May, 1857; Reuben Bowles, May. 1856; Isaac Cate, August, 1856; Lorenzo D. Quimby, May, 1856. Sec. 29. Henry C. Clark, June, 1856 ; John II. Salmon. June, 1856. Sec. 30. Mary L. Taylor. October. 1857 ; Henry G. Devoe, April, 1856 ; Charles Smith, June, 1856. Sec. 31. Samuel IIoAvard, May, 1856; John Chance. October, 1856; William H. Hardman, May. 1856; Henry B. Powers, April, 1856 ; Azariah A. Keran, February, 1856. 386 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Sec. 32. Granville Kirk, March, 1856; Moses Sewell, May, 1856; Solomon C. Jewell, March, 1856; John A. Tarbox, May, 1856. Sec. 33. Baldwin B. Hathaway, May, 1856; Norval Bishop, Sep- tember, 1856; Joseph A. Marsten, March, 1856; William N. Den- nison, March, 1856; Erastns Dennison, June, 1856. Sec. 34. Ed- win N. Maynard, October, 1857 ; Martin S. Chandler, June, 1856 ; Nathaniel Kellogg, May, 1856; John W. Chandler, August, 1856. Sec. 35. Joseph B. Hartley, September, 1857 ; James F. Langdon, May, 1856. Roscoe (Range 16, Town. 109). Sec. 1. Joseph Leybold, August, 1856; Samuel R. Ellis, November, 1856; Joseph Rowan, August, 1857 ; Thomas P. Killett, July, 1857 ; Harvey George, June, 1857. Sec. 2. Andrew McWaters, July, 1857 ; Leander Tobey, November, 1856; James II. Mills, May, 1857; Elven G. Burlingame, November, 1856. Sec. 3. AYarren Libbey, Decem- ber, 1857; II oward Lothrop, November, 1856. Sec. 4. George F. Shattuck, September, 1857 ; Elizabeth Andrews, August, 1857 ; Luther F. Meacham, December, 1856. Sec. 5. George Kirk, May, 1857; Thomas Barber, June, 1857; Thomas W. Barker, Decem- ber, 1856; Nathaniel S. Libbey, August, 1857. Sec. 6. Avilda Schofield, July, 1857 ; Daniel L. Fish, June, 1857 ; Albert D. Giff- ord. October, 1857. Sec. 7. AVilliam C. Blanchard, August, 1857; David Mathews, November, 1856. Sec. 8. Edward Twiner, June, 1857 ; John Canada, June, 1857 ; James Evans, May, 1857. Sec. 9. John Shields, October, 1856; Roswell AY. Fish, June, 1857; James Allen, May, 1857. Sec. 10. Charles AAL Libbey, November, 1856; Leander AUets, September, 1856; Henry Dettmering, June, 1857; Henry Youngman, October, 1857. Sec. 11. James M. Elwell, June, 1857 ; Samuel Main, December, 1857 ; Emery S. Cowdin, November, 1856. Sec. 12. John Clinch, June, 1857; John T. Mischell, 1857. See. 13. William I. Anderson, June, 1857; Phil- ander Salmon, October, 1856; Giles Hayward, October, 1856; Renselear West, May. 1857. Sec. 13. John W. Denton, July, 1856. Sec. 14. William R. Bertelot, May, 1856; William AAL Clark, Feb- ruary, 1857. Sec. 15. Henry Dettmering, June, 1857 ; John S. Dick- inson, June, 1856; Samuel B. Johnson, June, 1856; Conrad Durst, June, 1856. Sec, 17. Eli A. Twitchell, July, 1857; John H. Slater, December, 1856 ; William L. Shaw, May, 1856 ; Jonathan D. Glass, July, 1856. Sec. 19. John Ilepner, July, 1857. John God- dard, October, 1856; Hannah Blanchard, June, 1857; Samuel T. Good, September, 1857 ; Charles Dana, June, 1857. Sec. 20. Samuel W. Blanchard, August, 1857 ; John Emery, May, 1856 ; George W. Harding, May, 1856; Hannah Blanchard, June, 1857. Sec. 21. David G. Dodge, April, 1856. Sec. 22. Fountain Id. Barnes, July, 1856; William Bitner, July, 1856; AYarren Braley, June, 1857. Sec. 23. Lyman R. West, July, 1856; Enoch Ham- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 387 lin, June, 1857. See. 24. George Townsend, July, 1856; Fred- erick C. Boland, June, 1856; William Brooks, September, 1856. Sec. 25. William G. Smith, April, 1856 ; Samuel Denton, July, 1856 ; Robert T. Freeman, March, 1856 ; Reuben Freeman, March, 1856. Sec. 26. Lorenzo D. Hart, April, 1856; Sarah II. Stevens, July, 1857 ; John Convess. -July, 1857 ; Lorenzo D. West, April, 1856; David F. Stevens, March, 1856. Sec. 27. John Albright, November, 1856 ; Abram Pearce, February, 1856 ; Simon Sackett, February, 1856. Sec. 28. Mahala Soule, February, 1856 ; Joseph Rutherford, July, 1856. Sec. 29. David A. Ives, March, 1856; Fletcher Hagler, June, 1857; William E. Webb, October, 1857; John T. West, October, 1857. Sec. 30. George Washington Scott. June, 1857 ; Jacob R. Good, June, 1857 ; Cyrus Renfro, May, 1856. Sec. 31. Cyrus Scott, May, 1856; Charles W. Smith, July, 1856; Thomas D. Hall, November, 1856; Pythagoras Willson, June, 1856. Sec. 32. Alexander Lang, May, 1856. Sec. 33. Lewis A. Ivirk, March, 1856; William S. Bradley, March, 1856. Sec. 34. William E. Wheaton, March, 1856; Elijah E. Penny, March, 1856; Elijah Soule, March, 1856; Klaas Alberts, November, 1856. Sec. 35. Daniel F. Stevens, March, 1856 ; John Evans, September, 1856; William IT. Conners, June, 1856; John I. Reinnhardt, Feb- ruary, 1856; William M. Wood, June, 1856. Cherry Grove (Range 17, Town. 109). Sec. 1. Samuel C. Richards, November, 1857. Sec. 2. George K. Haines, July, 1857 ; John Handsaker, September, 1857. Sec. 4. Levi Chilson, August, 1857. Sec. 5. Nels K. Feune, June, 1857. Sec. 6. Ferris John- son, May, 1856 ; Darius Johnson, May, 1856. Sec. 7. Rodney C. Gould, September, 1857. Sec. 7. Franklin S. Eaton. September, 1857 ; Walter Carpenter, September, 1857. Sec. 9. Winslow Corbett, November, 1857 ; Lyman Sackett, October, 1857. Sec. 10. John Wattes, November, 1857. Sec. 11. James W. Emery, September, 1857 ; Nathan W. Wheeler, July, 1857 ; Smith Palmer, July, 1857. Sec. 12. Freeman Goodwater, November, 1857 ; Samuel Emery, December, 1857; George P. Pearson, September, 1857 ; Harvey Ellis, October, 1856. Sec. 13. Charles Hill, July, 1857; Fayette Beach, May, 1856. Sec. 14. Richard Hoagland, Jr., August, 1857 ; Jefferson Cates, September, 1857 ; AYilliam P. Hoyt, April, 1856 ; David Simpson, July, 1857. Sec. 17. Fred- erick C. Furgeson, July, 1857 ; Lawrence Hanson, July, 1857. Sec. 18. Christ Sammierstall, June, 1857 ; Wallace Wood, Novem- ber, 1857. Sec. 19. Jacob Kent, November, 1857 ; Laurin S. Pease, November, 1857 ; John Wilson, November, 1857. Sec. 20. Milton Haggard, October, 1856; Juliate Sanders, June, 1857; Freeman C. Stevens, June, 1857. See. 21. Orrin P. Lambert, July, 1857 ; David T. Stevens, June, 1857 ; Franklin C. Stevens, June, 1857. Sec. 22. Elbridge G. Comstock, October, 1856 ; HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 388 Joseph Dumas, December, 1857 ; John R. Linn, September, 1856. See. 23. William P. Hoyt, April, 1856; Israel Comstock, July, 1857 ; David Simpson, July, 1857 ; Taft Comstock, October, 1856. Sec. 24. Erust Vaux, October, 1856. Sec. 25. Samuel Sheets, May, 1856; George Lantz, November, 1856; David Haggard, April, 1856; James Haggard, March, 1856. Sec. 26. Charles Nicholls, June, 1857. Sec. 27. Samuel Winston, October, 1856. Sec. 28. Samuel Dobson, July, 1856. Sec. 29. William Dillon, July, 1857; David II. Smith, November, 1856; Jesse FI. Winslow, July, 1857 ; John Needham, July, 1857. Sec. 30. Frederick S. Hutchins, November, 1857 ; Edward A. Hodge, July, 1857. Sec. 31. Conrad Hart, July, 1857 ; Benjamin E. Morton, November, 1856; Abram Gulick, May, 1857; Homer B. Leavitt, May, 1857.. Sec. 32. Freeman Beckwith, May, 1857 ; Nelson A. Patterson, May, 1857 ; Benjamin Woodward, July, 1857 ; John Hart, August, 1856. Sec. 33. Jeremiah Ray, July, 1856 ; David M. Haggard, July, 1857; Abner Beackmer, November, 1856; Reading Wood- ward, November, 1855. Sec. 34. John P. Woodbury, July, 1857 ; Henry I. Norton, July, 1857; Lorander F. Blackmer, July, 1856; Silas I). Merriman, November, 1855. Sec. 35. William Lantz, May, 1856; William AA 7 ood, July, 1856; Thomas B. Haggard, February, 1856; George Wise, May, 1856. Kenyon (Range 18, Town. 109). Sec. 1. John Peterson, June, 1857 : Freeman F. Colamose, August, 1857 ; Anthony Chapman, Jr., August, 1857. Sec. 2. Samuel Barker, June, 1857 ; Stephen Hilton, May, 1857 ; Henry F. Day, June, 1857. Sec. 3. Warren Packard, June, 1856; Charles A. Jones, October, 1856; Knute Torsen, September, 1856; Eben B. Hilton, November, 1856. Sec. 4. Mary Hateling, September, 1855 ; Knud Knudson, November, 1855. Sec. 4. Lysander A. Felt, May, 1856 ; Benjamin Cope, May, 1856; James M. LeDue, 'June, 1856; James H. Day, May, 1856 ; Rasselae M. Barnett, June, 1856. Sec. 5. Benjamin F. Mann, June, 1856; Fillman Day, July, 1857; Aaron Hollenbeck, May, 1857; John Byers, August, 1856; John AY. Miller, Septem- ber, 1857 ; Eli Hollenbeck, July, 1856. Sec. 6. Levi AY. Burn- ham. June, 1857 ; Ollif Tolef, July, 1856. Sec. 7. Lars Neilson, June, 1856; James Patterson, September, 1856; Christian IFalvor, August, 1856; Syver Halverson, November, 1855; Iver Pederson, November, 1855. Sec. 8. John Crowley, October, 1856; David IF. Butler, May, 1856; Oley Erickson, January, 1857. Sec. 9. Karnes E. Hussey, June, 1857; Benjamin Day, June, 1857. Sec. 10. Valentine Castle, June, 1856; Joel Winter, August, 1856; Eben B. Hilton, November, 1856; Mary Flotaling, September, 1856; Roscoe Hilton, September, 1856; Luther R. AVeld, December, 1856. Sec. 11. Alfred Townson, September, 1857; Andrew J. Dennison, December, 1856. Sec. 12. Charles F. Barnard, June, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 3S9 1857 ; George W. Richardson, September, 1857 ; Temple C. Child, May, 1857. See. 13. John Pitcher, August, 1857; Jefferson AY. Ivnapp, November, 1856; Sylvester A. Chaffee, November, 1856. Sec. 14. James M. Gear, August, 1857. Sec. 15. Marion P. Page, June, 1856; George Elliot, July, 1856; AYm. Crowley, October, 1856. Sec. 17. Elling Halgrenson, May, 1857 ; Louis Markers, August, 1856 ; Richard D. Travers, August, 1856. Sec. 18. Severt Marcpiason, October, 1856 ; Oley G. Gunham, August, 1856. Sec. 19. Clinton AYolfe, October, 1856. Sec. 20. James FI. Rounds, October, 1856; Truman McNull, July, 1857; AYade AYilliams, July, 1857. See. 21. Dwight F. Harley, August, 1857. Sec. 22. Strong B. Moody, October, 1857. Sec. 23. Herman E. Cosey, August, 1857. See. 24. Benjamin D. Bullis, July, 1857 ; Stephen Bullis, July, 1857 ; Flenry G. Church, July, 1857 ; Timothy R. Bullis, June, 1857. Sec. 25. Henry B. Martin, August, 1857 ; Joseph B. Masters, September, 1857 ; Samuel Shaw, August, 1857. Sec. 26. Jarvis H. Steadman, July, 1857 ; Charles AY. S. Skinner, August, 1857. Sec. 27. Freeman Cunningham, December. 1857. Sec. 30. Phillip S. Kingsley, October, 1857. Sec. 31. Henry Balton, June, 1857 ; Chai’les E. Abbott, September, 1857 ; Isaac Jacobs, June, 1857. Sec. 33. Langdon II. Nichols, September. 1857 ; Jacob Korsew, October, 1857 ; Thomas Stevens, December, 1857; David Tayman, August, 1857. Zumbrota (Range 15, Town. 110). Sec. 2. IFazen AI. Brown, August, 1857 ; Mary A. Brown, August, 1857. Sec. 4. John Q. MeLellan, July, 1857. Sec. 5. Henry II. Leonard, July, 1857 ; Harvey P. Bickford, July, 1857. Sec. 7. Alarnes Fenton, August, 1857; Orris II. AYarren, August, 1857. Sec. 8. Joseph C. Dow, September, 1856. Sec. 9. Nelson Cheney, July, 1857 ; Lewis AA T hite, September, 1856 ; Leonard B. Alooer, September, 1857 ; Duncan Graham, September, 1857. Sec. 10. Asa N. Grant. June, 1857; Cornelius Boves, June, 1856. Sec. 14. Hiram B. Patter- son, November, 1857. Sec. 17. John C. Bullard, November, 1856; Amos S. Myrick, November, 1856. Sec. 18. John McCarter. August, 1857 ; Ann Morrell, July, 1857. Sec. 19. Samuel Kel- lett, July, 1857 ; Charles AYard, June, 1857 ; AVilliam H. Crowell, October, 1857 ; Joseph Bailey, Alay, 1857 ; Evander L. Kingsley, May, 1857. Sec. 20. AYillis E. AYinter. September, 1857. Sec. 21. Robert H. Hunt, June, 1857 ; AYilliam AY. Simpson, Novem- ber. 1857 ; Edward Richardson, November, 1856. See. 22. Nor- man F. Smith, June, 1856. Sec. 23. AYillard L. Glidden, June, 1857; Jemima Lindsey, November, 1856; Asa Dutton, November, 1856. Sec. 24. John AYeleh. Alay, 1856. Sec. 25. Freeman Pearson, November. 1857 ; Harrison AI. Stanton. Alay, 1856. Sec. 26. Rodulphus S. Record, November, 1856. Sec. 27. Jay O. Smith. November. 1856; Henry B. Washburn. June, 1857 ; Lyman 390 II I ST OB Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY E. Thorp, November, 1856. See. 28. Jesse E. Patterson, Novem- ber, 1856; Nathan Pritchard, November, 1856; William R. Dor- man, July, 1857 ; Charles S. Spindley, July, 1857. Sec. 29. Aus- tin Hawks, November, 1856; Willis E. Winter, September, 1857; Daniel B. Goddard, November, 1857 ; Charles Jewett, Novem- ber, 1857. Sec. 30. Augustus L. Blake, November, 1856; C. Page Bonney, July, 1856; Ira Perry, September, 1857. Sec. 31. Joseph A. Thatcher, November, 1856; Sydney P. Gambria, May, 1857 ; Aaron Doty, July, 1856 ; Samuel W. Chaffee, June, 1857. Sec. 32. Benjamin P. Palmeter, June, 1857 ; Reuben E. Fitch, December, 1856; Ann Garrett, November, 1856; James Spencer, November, 1856; Andrew Johnson, July, 1856. Sec. 33. David Overpick, December, 1856 ; Charles Rammelsburg, July, 1856 ; John W. Carpenter, July, 1856 ; Joseph Beralinger, November, 1856; Ole Clemetson, November, 1856. Sec. 34. Lyman Stod- dard. July, 1856; John Geary, November, 1856. Sec. 35. Levi L. Fletcher, May, 1856; Frederick Moore, July, 1856; Sprague Barber, June, 1856. Minneola (Range 16, Town. 110). Sec. 1. Otis Towne, July, 1857 ; Windsor Newton, August, 1857. Sec. 2. Henry Warren, September, 1856 ; Henry White, September, 1856 ; John E. Cooke, August, 1857. Sec. 5. John Bodkins, September, 1856 ; John I. Byrne, September, 1856. Sec. 4. Morris Rees, July, 1857 ; Milton AY. Drew, July, 1857 ; William B. Williams, July, 1857 ; James II. Feleh, October, 1856; Warren Bristol, October, 1856. Sec. 6. Isaac C. Swift, August, 1857; Clinton Gernes, Jr., October, 1856; William Maires, September, 1856; Patrick Keough, September, 1856. Sec. 7. Christoff Ehle, September, 1856. Sec. 8. Eldridge AY. Guilford, October, 1856; John Thomas, June, 1857. Sec. 9. Jerome Clark, July, 1857 ; Robert McWaters, July, 1857 ; Charles Wilber, October, 1856. Sec. 10. Russel Stoddard, September, 1857. Sec. 11. Albert G. Hawks, August, 1857; Luther Peck, June, 1857 ; Isaac C. Stearns, August, 1857. Sec. 12. Lucius C. Taft, October, 1857 ; Daniel McLaughlin, September, 1857 ; Elery R. Person, September, 1857. Sec. 13. William Jellison, Septem- ber, 1857; Charles AY. Wentworth, September, 1857; Isaac FI. Cutler, September, 1856. Sec. 14. Luther G. Cate, September, 1856. Sec. 15. Peter P. Porter, October, 1857 ; Caroline I. Hewitt, October, 1857. Sec. 17. William S. Grow, June, 1857; John 11. Brand. June, 1857; William II. Bell, June, 1857. Sec. 18. Franklin S. Lamson, October, 1857; George Baseom, Octo- ber, 1857 ; George L. Van Solen, October, 1857. Sec. 19. Myron Briggs, June, 1857 ; Jared Yan Solen, October, 1857 ; William Martins, July, 1856 ; Leonard Sillson, 1856. Sec. 20. Lucius A. Guild, June, 1857 ; Woodbury Coil, July, 1857. Sec. 21. Her- man AAA Wickwere. July, 1857 ; Sutton Green, June, 1857 ; Hans HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 391 Paulson, May, 1856 ; Ole Swenson, April, 1856. Sec. 22. Daniel Earnes, May, 1857; Thomas Adams, July, 1857. Sec. 23. Na- thaniel A. Willey, October, 1856 ; Timothy C. Burley, August, 1857 ; Christian Peterson, July, 1856. See. 24. William II. Crowen, October, 1857; Evander L. Kingsbury, July, 1857; John Hanson, July, 1857. Sec. 25. Albert Bai*rett, June, 1857 ; Erick Svenson, June, 1856; Ben.j. S. Bonney, July, 1856. Sec. 30. Barnt Thompson, July, 1857 ; George Morton, June, 1857 ; Isaac AYick- ard, August, 1857. Sec. 31. David Jillson, November, 1857; Charles Webster, September. 1857 ; Augustus Nims, August, 1857. Sec. 32. Oscar F. Jackson, December, 1856; Henry C. AYebster, August, 1857 ; Sarah Cheing, August, 1857. See. 33. Joseph Walters, September, 1856 ; George M. Cunningham, August, 1856. See. 34. C'hristofer Hovel. October, 1857. Sec. 35. Abraham Reed, November, 1856 ; Peter Nielson, July, 1857. Wanamingo (Range 17. Town. 110). Sec. 1. Shnbel AYales, June, 1856. Sec. 2. Savillion F. Johnson, July, 1857 ; Henry W. Boyer, June, 1856; Harvey Davis, June, 1856; James C. Swift, June, 1856 ; Lucius Dunn, August, 1857 ; George W. Duffev, Sep- tember, 1856 ; George F. Sargent, June, 1857. Sec. 3. Amon Chittelson, June, 1857 ; Torkel Ommundson, June, 1856 ; Hans M. Iloelfstad, August, 1856 : Knud Sjurson, August, 1856. Sec. 4. Colben Torkelson, April, 1856; Henry Sands, September, 1857; John Swenson. April, 1856. Sec. 5. Torger 0. Ruj, Octo- ber, 1855; Ann Peterson, October, 1857. Sec. 6. Andrew Thom- son, February, 1856; Swan Hamilton, October, 1856; Steffen Johanneson, October, 1855 ; Peder Arlesson, December, 1857 ; John Olson. June, 1856. Sec. 7. Lasse Olson. April, 1856; Knute Knutson, July, 1857 ; Peder Einerson Halse, April, 1856. Sec. 8. Andrew Mageson, June, 1856; John Johnson, June, 1856; An- drew Knutson, October, 1855. Sec. 9. Lai’s Anderson, May, 1856; Colbron Olson, August, 1856; Gander Nelson, May, 1856. Sec. 10. Gulbran Gudmunson, July, 1856; Kjostot Gunderson, July, 1856; Charles Wagner, July, 1856. Sec. 11. Joseph Jan- son, September, 1856; Warren Cheney, August, 1857; Alex- ander Faribault, August, 1857. Sec. 12. John Bear, Sep- tember, 1856. Sec. 13. Andrew P. Larson, September, 1856 ; Moses Sharimers, August, 1857 ; Nels Nelson, September, 1856. Sec. 14. Stephen N. Beaubur, June, 1856 ; George R. Adams, November, 1856 ; John G. Moffett, October, 1856. Sec. 15. Ole A. Oleson, November, 1856. Sec. 17. John Williams. June, 1856; Thomas Knudson, June, 1856 ; Christian Holland, August, 1856 ; William Johnson, June, 1856. Sec. 18. Ole Aslakon, June, 1856 ; Lars Sorenson, July, 1857 ; Tone Svenson. May, 1856 ; Ilalvor Augenson. May, 1856. Sec. 19. Dorti Maria Larson. June, 1856 ; Thosten Anderson, October, 1855 ; Andrus Naglin. September, I-IISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 392 1857; Erick Ovalson, April, 1856; Grinder Bjorguson, May, 1856; ITalvor Olson, June, 1856. Sec. 20. Lene Maria Thompson, June, 1856; Iver Nielson, September, 1857; Nelson Severson, July, 1856; Erick Erickson, June, 1857. Sec. 22. Gustave Peterson, November, 1856. Sec. 23. Peter G. Ballingall, August, 1856. Sec. 24. Kendall B. Swift, June, 1856 ; Martin Roberts, June, 1856; Cynthia Rice, August, 1857. Sec. 26. James G. Brown, August, 1857 ; William Williamson, May, 1856. Sec. 27. Ole Anfinson, May, 1856; Thor Erickson, July, 1856. Sec. 28. Henry Nelson, April, 1856; Johannes Olson, August, 1856; Ole Jacob- son, May, 1856. Sec. 29. Samuel Knutson, May, 1856; Christof Evenson, June, 1856 ; Samuel Lee, June, 1857 ; Toge Nielson, May, 1856. Sec. 30. Ole Johnson, May, 1856 ; Gunder Olson, November. 1855; William Honewell, November, 1856. Sec. 31. Patrick Cassity, February, 1857. Sec. 32. Nels Iv. Fenne, June, 1857. Sec. 33. Jens Nilson, July, 1857; Seur Knutson, July, 1857; James AY. Yost, November, 1856; Lars Larson, May, 1856; Andrew Battelson, August, 1857. Sec. 35. Solymon C. Osborn, November, 1857 ; George L. Baker, August, 1857. Holden (Range 18, Town. 110). Sec. 1. John Helgeson, April, 1856; Ole Olson Neseth, April, 1856; John A. Hayes, Sep- tember, 1856. Sec. 2. Sarah Knudson, October, 1857; William Phelps, October, 1857 ; Tosten Thompson, October, 1857. Sec. 3. Ole Knudson ITeen, November, 1856; Anfind Anderson, June, 1856; Iver Haagenson, October, 1856; Martha Hinkinsdotter, May, 1857. Sec. 4. Lars Nelson, June, 1857 ; Hiver Nelson, May, 1857 ; Knud Johnson, November, 1857. Sec. 5. Jacob L. Bittinger, August, 1857; Alary Thompson, July, 1857; Orange Lillie, June, 1857. Sec. 6. John G. Marvin, November, 1856; Christian Knudson, November, 1857 ; Mary E. Murray, Novem- ber, 1856; Mikkel Alickelson, July, 1856. Sec. 7. Michael Ander- son, July, 1857; John Kirts, October, 1856; Tomas Oleson, Octo- ber, 1856. Sec. 8. John Torkelson, October, 1856; Carlton Lackey, September, 1856. Sec. 9. Erick Anderson Ogordon, July, 1857. Sec. 10. Kittle Torgenson, July, 1857. Sec. 11. Johannes Jacobson, December, 1857. Sec. 12. AVilliam Walker, December, 1857. Sec. 13. Halvor Gunderson, November, 1857. Sec. 14. Nelson Hare, July, 1857. Sec. 17. Charles H. Nelson, September, 1857 ; Frederick Aleyer, November, 1857 ; Solomon L. Tracy, June, 1857. Sec. 18. John Dieter, August, 1856; Henry Barber, Alay, 1857. Sec. 19. Augustus Tray, November, 1857. Sec. 20. Henry Allis Meyer, June, 1857 ; Francis A. Gleason, Aiigust, 1857 ; Charles Fogleson, November, 1857. Sec. 21. Thomas Ashbornson, November, 1857; William A. Mead, 1856; Hartwell Butler, November, 1856. Sec. 22. Hans Christenson, September. 1857. Sec. 23. Christin Larson, June, 1856. Sec. 24. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 393 Hans Ovalson, October, 1857. Sec. 25. Tosten Tostenson, August, 1857; Henry Taylor, October, 1856. Sec. 26. Carry Nelson, October, 1857 ; Ole J. Solberg, June, 1857 ; Segur Gunderson, November, 1856. Sec. 27. John Einertson, July, 1856; Halvor Emmerson, November, 1857. Sec. 28. Thomas I. Smith, Sep- tember, 1857. Sec. 29. Lemuel W. Pickard, November, 1857 ; Hubbard Nichols, September, 1857 ; Henry Liclite, November, 1857 ; August Petersmyer, July, 1857. Sec. 31. Henry Turner, September, 1857; John W. Sharp, June, 1857; William Heine, June, 1857. Sec. 33. Freeman Day, July, 1857 ; ITerbrand Knut- son, October, 1856. Sec. 35. Thorburn Einertson, November, 1855. Belvidere (Range 14, Town. 111). Sec. 5. Charles Osia, July, 1857. Sec. 8. Josephine Osia, July, 1857. Sec. 20. Thomas Mc- Nair, August, 1857. Sec. 22. Margaret A. McNair, August, 1857.' Sec. 25. Josephine Racieot, September, 1857. Sec. 26. Joseph Trudell, September, 1857. Sec. 27. Mary F. McNair, September, 1857 ; Eleanor Racieot, September, 1857. Sec. 35. Flora Racieot, September, 1857. Sec. 36. Leon Trudell, June, 1857 ; Peter Trudell, June, 1857. Goodhue (Range 15, Town. 111). Sec. 1. Henry Trudell, June, 1857. Sec. 2. Edward Mogean, June, 1857; Harriet Mo- gean, May, 1857. Sec. 5. John Gillis, May, 1856. Sec. 6. Robert Lawler, April, 1856; Jonathan Melott, April, 1856; Cor- nelius Bennett, June, 1856; Gideon DeGroff, September, 1856; James McDonough, May, 1856. Sec. 7. John Warren, May, 1856; Austin Iddings, October, 1856; Timothy PI. Prindle, Sep- tember. 1856. Sec. 8. John Jarvis, June, 1857; Watts Sherman, May, 1857; John Mansur, September, 1857. Sec. 11. Madeline Renville, May, 1857. Sec. 13. Joseph Montour, May, 1857; Vital Bouiere, May, 1857. Sec. IP. Mary Bouiere, May, 1857; Fred- erick LaChappelle, May, 1857. Sec. 16. Augustin Trudell. June, 1857 ; Laura C. Brown, June, 1857. Sec. 17. John H. Jones, November, 1856. Sec. 18. Samuel M. Weeden, August, 1856. Sec. 19. Sarah Barnes, November, 1856; James T. Chamberlain, August, 1857 ; Eleanor Cowan, December, 1856. Sec. 20. Pat- rick McGinnis, January, 1857. Sec. 22. Amelia Montour, May, 1857. Sec. 23. Lucy Cratt, April, 1857 ; Madeline Cratt, April, 1857 ; Franklin Cratt, April, 1857 ; Mary L. Montour, May, 1857. Sec. 24. Angelic Bouiere, May, 1857. Sec. 26. Sylvester Mon- tour, May, 1857. Sec. 30. James E. Simmons. March, 1857. See. 36. Antoine Bouiere, May, 1857. Belle Creek (Range 16, Town. 111). Sec. 1. Joseph F. Ben- nett, February, 1856; Alfred I. Hill, November, 1856; Samuel J. IPasler, November, 1856; Samuel I. Gambrell, June, 1856. Sec. 2. Asaph Pattengill, May, 1856; Edward D. Pattengill, May, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 394 1856; Jesse A. Johnson, April, 1856; Timothy Cavenaugh, Sep- tember, 1856; James Melloy, January, 1856. Sec. 3. Michael Doyle, December, 1856. Sec. 4. Reed Burdick, May, 1856 ; Anders G. Kempe, June, 1856; Nicolas Peterson, July, 1857. Sec. 5. Frederick Areskog, September, 1856; Bemong Hill, Novem- ber, 1856. Sec. 6. Swan Buckland, September, 1856 ; Andrew Aroicson, October, 1856; AVilliam Fitzpatrick, September, 1856; Paul F. Berg, September, 1856. See. 7. John P. Pierce, June, 1856; Carl Nilson, August, 1856; Charles Perry, April, 1856; John G. Gustafson, October, 1856. Sec. 8. Laban Falk, June, 1856 ; Reason A. Burge, September, 1856. Sec. 9. Aaron C. Yoeman, September, 1856; Andrew Clark, January, 1857.. Sec. 10. James C. Hutchins, June, 1856; Oliver W. Reynolds, De- cember, 1856. Sec. 11. Patrick Kavenaugh, December, 1856 ; Timothy Kavanaugh, September, 1856. Sec. 12. Laplata Cor- nell, July, 1856; George D. Whitcomb, October, 1856; Patrick IJeney, July, 1856. Sec. 13. Ransom G. Ayer, September, 1856 ; Peter M. Heeney, June, 1857 ; Henry C. Monroe, June, 1856. Sec. 14. Patrick McHugh, May, 1857 ; James Kelly, May, 1856. Sec. 15. Mathew Igoe, May, 1857 ; Bridget Ward, May, 1857. Sec. 17. James Kirkpatrick, October, 1856. Sec. 18. John AY. Dunn, May, 1856; Henry Ervay, April, 1856; Charles H. Ervay, April, 1856 ; Edward Dickinson, March, 1856. Sec. 19. William Herbert, July, 1856; Andrew Stromberg, October, 1856. Sec. 21. Michael Coon, July, 1857; Reuben Kramm, November, 1856; Daniel Gallagher, April, 1857. Sec. 22. Robert Chase, Jr., July, 1856. Sec. 23. William Cave, June, 1856; Simon Love, June, 1857 ; James Myles, September, 1856 ; Edmonds Conners, Octo- ber, 1856. Sec. 24. George Jenkins, June, 1856; John Murphy, April, 1857; John Lyons, May, 1857. Sec. 25. Patrick Drudy, January, 1857; Thomas Fagan, April, 1857; Peter Schlekter, May, 1857. Sec. 26. John Paullin, October, 1856; James L. Allen, April, 1857. Sec. 27. George Fletcher, June, 1856. Sec. 28. AVilliam Curtis, January, 1857; John P. Thomas, October, 1856; Gabriel Olson, November, 1856. Sec. 29. George G. Waltz, September, 1856. Sec. 30. Samuel Jones, August, 1856. Sec. 31. Franklin A. Barnes, November, 1856; Joseph M. Forward, Jr.. November, 1856; Eben 0. Stevens, October, 1856. See. 32. George Newkirk, May, 1857 ; James I. Burns, September, 1857. Sec. 33. Charles Storm, July, 1857; Joseph Williams, June, 1857; Abram B. Miller, September, 1857. Sec. 34. Edwin AV. Bryant, January, 1857. Sec. 35. John L. Tucker, October, 1856. Leon (Range 17, Town. 111). Sec. 1. Andrew Dennison, October, 1856; Andrew Monson, August, 1856; Paul P. Bergh, September, 1856 ; Sara A. Powers, May, 1857 ; Solomon Ganans- son, August, 1856. Sec. 2. John Sumstig, August, 1856 ; John HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 395 Lagerstroin, July, 1857. See. 3. Charles B. Messer, September, 1856; John F. Whitaker, April, 1856. See. 4. Homer Z. Barnes, August, 1856; Cassandre Wass, December, 1856; William An- thony, June, 1855. Sec. 5. Benjamin P. Bartlett, October, 1855 ; John McDonough, August. 1855. See. 6. Conrad Beigler, June, 1856; Eugene D. A. Stone, May, 1855; Gordon C. Shepard. Janu- ary, 1856; Edy Mulcake, June, 1856; John Carey, May, 1855. See. 7. John Bownell. October, 1855; Dewitt C. Kingston, Au- gust, 1856 ; Abram Holliday, August, 1856 ; Christian Nillson, August, 1855. Sec. 8. Martin Corley, August, 1856 ; Hans P. Johanson, December, 1856 ; Solomon Teverbaugh, May, 1856. See. 12. Christian Paugen Barg, September, 1856; Ake Johnson, September, 1856. Sec. 13. 'Peter Worrall, May, 1856; Thomas ITarker, July, 1856 ; William Kiddler, January, 1857. Sec. 4. Thomas A. Beard, August, 1856. See. 18. Oscar Stranahan. April, 1856; Elias P. Lowater, August, 1855. Sec. 19. Ranald Johnson, May, 1856; Michael Fagan, November, 1855; Anders Larson. October, 1855; Manville Comstock. September. 1856. Sec. 20. Oliver Johnson, September, 1855; Spencer Fellows, June, 1855; Amond Godskalk, October. 1855; James Reville, June, 1856. Sec. 21. Elisha A. Dunham, June, 1856; John Edwell, May, 1856. Sec. 22. Frederick Kammerling, May, 1856 ; Henry Terrell, July, 1856; James Cox, May, 1856. Sec. 23. John A. Lessendon. July, 1856 ; Richard Hotchkiss, July, 1856 ; Gen. Warren McCain, October. 1856. Sec. 24. George W. Hedges, April, 1856. Sec. 25. Michael Lauver, Sept. 1856 ; Moses Bryant, August. 1856; Genoa S. Brandage, July, 1856. Sec. 27. Nathan Upham. July, 1856. Sec. 28. Harvey Dye, April, 1856 ; John Andrist, May, 1856; William Wallace, May, 1856. Sec. 29. Carl Rinkenberger, June, 1856; Nute Anderson, November, 1855; George McGaughey, October, 1856. Sec. 30. John Barrow, Au- gust, 1856; George AY. King, February, 1856. Sec. 31. Gutram Peterson, October, 1855 ; Thor Gunderson. December, 1855 ; Ge- randes Smith, February, 1857. Sec. 33. Samuel Randall, Octo- ber, 1856; John Butholdson, November, 1856; Lewis Lewiston, May. 1857. See. 34. Samuel Freeland, May, 1856. Sec. 35 John Teverbaugh. May, 1856; Samuel I. Caldwell, A lay. 1856. Warsaw (Range 18, Town. 111). See. 1. Nathan Pearson, October. 1855; Eben N. Sumner. July, 1856; Stephen R. Searle, June, 1856; Robert McCorkell, May, 1856; Ira Webber, March, 1857. Sec. 2. Frank Chambers, March, 1857. See. 3. Frederick Adee. May. 1857; James C. Nixon, March, 1857; John Tepner, August, 1856; James Wright, Jr., November, 1857. Sec. 4. Ro- land AVeeks. July, 1856; John Ridgway, February, 1857; Martin Terry, July. 1856. Sec. 5. Hugh AYoodley, Jr.. May, 1856; Hor- ace Pronby, June, 1856 ; Joseph Giles, October, 1855. Sec. 6. 396 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY James E. Breckenridge, October, 1855. Sec. 7. Harrison Cooper, October, 1857 ; Moses Merrill, May, 1857. Sec. 8. Jacob Daniels, October. 1856; Williams George, November. 1856; Shepard Whit- comb, October, 1856. Sec. 9. Joseph E. Charles, February, 1857 ; James Dixon, December, 1856. Sec. 10. W. Mclntire, March, 1857 ; Francis Ridgeway, March, 1857 ; Horace D. Swan, May, 1857. Sec. 11. John DeLine, November, 1855; Harris W. Cole, November, 1855. Sec. 12. Silas Dibble, October, 1855. Sec. 13. Andrew T. Culbertson, June. 1855. Sec. 11. John F. Spaulding, July, 1856; Francis M. McKee, September, 1855; Christian Shrompf, November, 1857. Sec. 15. James R. Magee, January, 1857; John Kinnan, September, 1856; Philander T. Shepard, January, 1857 ; Norman W. Shepard, January, 1857. Sec. 17. Moses George, July, 1855; Lucius Morse, November, 1856; Wash- ington King. November, 1855; Willard B. Spaulding, August, 1856; Martin Detrick, August, 1856. Sec. 18. David Reed, July, 1856; Allen V. Ellis, June, 1856; George Rowe, August, 1856. Sec. 19, John AY. Slee, July, 1856; Joseph Moore, October, 1856; Calvin Cleveland, July, 1856; John A. Davis, October, 1856; George AY. Vinton, July, 1856; Morris P. Dennison, July, 1856. Sec. 20. Delno D. King, June, 1856. Sec. 21. Coryclon P. Bevans, May, 1857; Lewellyn Wakman, May, 1857. Sec. 23. Adam AYilliams, May, 1857. Sec. 24. Charles AY. Ayers, August, 1855. Sec. 26. Simeon Wescott, May, 1857; Eli Abram Damon. June, 1857. Sec. 27. Solon A. Bevans, May, 1857 ; Horace E. Owen, October, 1856. Sec. 28. Samuel Carpenter, August, 1856; Nelson D. Townsend, September, 1856. Sec. 29. Edward S. Townsend, September, 1856; Ephraim Lockwood, May, 1857; John Stanley, August, 1856. Sec. 30. Joseph A. Stowe, August, 1856. See. 31. Alclen E. Lamb, June, 1857. Sec. 32. Joseph Slee, September, 1856. Sec. 35. Austin Austinson, August, 1856. Range 12. Town. 112, Sec. 29. Sophia Iluot, June, 1856. See. 30. Scholastic Fuller, June, 1857 ; Paul Grignon, May, 1857 ; Joseph Labatte. April, 1857. Sec. 31. Thomas Robinson, April, 1857 ; Daniel Farribault, June, 1857 ; David Farribault, June, 1857 ; Oliver A. Farribault, June, 1857. Florence (Range 13, Town. 112). Sec. 1. Jane Wells, April, 1857. Sec. 2. Pierre Larivire, April, 1857 ; Elizabeth Farribault, April, 1857. Sec. 3. Harriet Larivire, April, 1857. Sec. 6. Peter LeClair. September, 1857. Sec. 13. Esther A. Farribault, April, 1857 ; Catherine Farribault, April, 1857 ; Charles Farri- bault. April, 1857. Sec. 14. Emily R. Fowler, April, 1857. Sec. 15. Marguerite Farribault, April, 1857. Sec. 23. Cecilia Ed- wards. April, 1857. Sec. 34. Mary F. McNair, August, 1857; Rachel McNair, August, 1857. Sec. 36. Clement Farribault, April. 1857. HI ST OK Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY 397 Hay Creek (Range 14, Town. 112). Sec. 4. Sophie Cour- meyer, June, 1857. Sec. 5. Mary Demarais, June, 1857. Sec. 6. Lafayette B. Morrow, April, 1856. Sec. 7. Farris Mogean, May, 1857. Sec. 8. Joseph Provincial, April, 1857. Sec. 19. George Provincial. May, 1857. Featherstone (Range 15, Town. 112). Sec. 1. Cornelius C. Vanclerbaugh, April, 1856; Mathias Woodley, June, 1856; Henry Suigerstra, May, 1857; John W. Koch, August, 1856; Victor Dumes, December, 1857; Frederick Koch, May, 1856; George Droummershousen, February, 1857. See. 2. Maria M. Hoffman, September. 1856; Mathew Sorin. March, 1857; Sarah Tiekner. June, 1856 ; Emanuel Zeller, April. 1856 ; Ferdinand Shoemaker. October, 1856. Sec. 3. Ole Hawkinson, July, 1857. Sec. 4. Har- sten E. Perkins, June, 1856. See. 5. Gisel Martinson, June. 1856 ; George AY. T. AVright, September, 1856. Sec. 6. George AA T . Tilton, May, 1857; Timothy Jewett, April, 1856; Elisha A. Hoyt, April, 1856. Sec. 7. John F. Enz, May, 1857; Solomon Anderson, December, 1856. Sec. 8. Simon P. Monroe, Alay, 1857. Sec. 7. Patrick Harrigan, April, 1856. Sec. 9. Jeremiah Meacham, August, 1856. Henrietta Cox, September, 1856 ; Ben- jamin Cox, March, 1856. Sec. 10. Andrew J. McCormick, Alay. 1857 ; Frederick Mack, April. 1857. Sec. 11. William D. Chill- son, October, 1856; Alexander F. Dowell, January, 1857. See. 12. Lydia Allen, March, 1856;. Judith Wood, Dec., 1856. Sec. 14. Gustavus AVitte, November, 1856; Johannes Kress, Septem- ber, 1856. Sec. 15. Aclin Brooks, August, 1856 ; Calvin Frizzell. June, 1856; Faland Sindofar, May, 1856; Isaac F. Balding, April, 1856. Sec. 17. William Coleman. July, 1856; Mathew S. Tyler. April, 1856. Sec. 18. Andrew Bankson, April, 1856. Sec. 19. John Storkel, April, 1856; Jeffrey C. Weatherby, May, 1856. Sec. 20. William Fryberger, July, 1856; AGncent. Goldsmith, April, 1856; Phillip Storkel, November, 1856. See. 21. Jesse Cole- man, August, 1856; Tlieron McCord, April, 1856; Asahel D. Roberts, January, 1856. Sec. 22. John Correll, October, 1856; Herbert Scott, Alay, 1856. Sec. 23. Sofie Kassonbie, April, 1857 ; Christian Ruttger, August, 1856. Sec. 24. Mary Forcier, April. 1857. Sec. 25. George Campbell. April. 1857. Sec. 26. Sophia Langie, December, 1857 ; Jacob Ileitt, January, 1857. Sec. 28. LeRoy Doud, August, 1856; John AYatson, Alay, 1856. Sec. 29. AYilliam L. AYatson, October, 1856; John Bully, Alay, 1856; AYil- liam Robson, January, 1856. Sec. 30. Robert II. Stutson, August. 3856: Bridgett Day, Alay, 1856; William Stephens, June, 1856. See. 31. LeAvis J. Bennett, June, 1856 ; Orestes A. Spickerman, June, 1856. Sec. 32. August Reighert. December, 1856 ; Seth Norton. Alay, 1856; Jacob Alarty, May, 1856. Sec. 33, James HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 398 McMahon, May, 1856; Peter McManus, September, 1856. Sec. 36. Jennette D. Brown, June, 1857. Vasa (Range 16, Town. 112). Vasa also includes all of Sec- tions 33 and 34 and portions of Sections 25, 27, 28, 36, 35 and 32, in Range 16, I own. 113, for which see Welch. Sec. 1. Hooper Crews, July, 1856. See. 2. Johnson Kennedy, April, 1856. Sec. 3. Charles L. Rotliacher, June, 1856; John Freeman, October, 1856. Sec. 4. Phineas S. Fish, December, 1856. Sec. 5. Peter Gustafson, November, 1856; Anna Johnson, November, 1856. Sec, 7. John A. Ilollem, August, 1856. Sec. 8. Bengt Nilson, December, 1856. Sec. 9. John Gusterson, March, 1857; Simon Erick, June, 1857. Sec. 10. Gustaf Carlson, March, 1857; J. Swant Osberg, September, 1856 ; Andrew Malmstrom, February, 1857. Sec. 11. Loren B. Wolcott, August, 1856. Sec. 14. Ileili- rich Stratman, May, 1856. Sec. 15. John Bergdahl, June, 1856; Swant J. Willard, May, 1856; Hans Mattson, May, 1856. Sec. 17. Lars Westerson, July, 1856; Andrew Westerson, August, 1856. Sec. 18. August W. Esping, September, 1856; Ole Swanson, July, 1856. Sec. 19. Charles Peterson, April, 1875; Charles W. IJimmelman, January, 1857; John Border, July, 1856; Swan Tufeson, May, 1857. Sec. 21. Nils P. Ofelt, December, 1856; Ann Bergdahl, October, 1856; John P. Ofelt, December, 1856. Sec. 22. Peter Nilson, May, 1857 ; Burt Cliilberg, May, 1857. Sec. 23. William Wilson, June, 1856; Peter Monson, April, 1857. Sec. 25. David L. Spencer, May, 1857 ; Laura Babcock, May, 1857. Sec. 26. Tliure J. Semblad, September, 1856 ; John Melander, May, 1857 ; Elisha Rich, March, 1857. Sec. 27. Charles Back- man, May, 1857; Christina Swenson, July, 1856; Ola Pehr- son, August, 1856; Edward Wyman, July, 1856. Sec. 28. Mathias Flodgrast, October, 1856; Lars Mattson, May, 1857; Jacob Rob- ertson, October, 1856. Sec. 29. Jacob B. McCove, April, 1856; Christopher McClure, July, 1856 ; Charles McClure, April, 1857 ; Henry Edgecomb, December, 1857 ; Sec. 30. Luther Dodge, March, 1857. Sec. 31. Charles E. Bolander, May, 1857 ; Gullick Halvorson, November, 1856. Sec. 32. Erick Norelius, August, 1857 ; Granville Pierson, August, 1857. Sec. 33. Anders Berg- man, October, 1856. Sec. 34. Edwin Lampson, June, 1856; Thomas Foley, August, 1856 ; Polly Arnold, February, 1857. Cannon Falls (Range 17, Town. 112). Sec. 4. Job W. Brown- ell, July. 1856; Lorenzo D. Hatch, December, 1856; Oscar I. Cone, March, 1857; Andrew R. Bryant, September, 1856. Sec. 5. Ber- nard Osborne, November, 1855; John N. Murdock, July, 1855; Thomas F. Towne, November, 1855; William I. Paul, March, 1857. Sec. 6. Nicholas Miller, October, 1855; John D. Brown, July, 1855 ; John D. Wheats, October, 1855 ; Hugh A. Colville, October, 1855; Eli St. Clair, October, 1855; Oscar IJ. Towner, November, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 399 1856; Electa Barnes, January, 1856. Sec. 7. Russell T. Good- win, June, 1856; Benjamin St. Clair, August, 1855; Carl Ander- son, November, 1855; William B. Barton, January, 1856; Wil- liam P. Scofield. May, 1855. Sec. 8. Noali O. Robinson, April, 1856; Clark S. Pierce, August, 1856; John Dunkein, March, 1857 ; Joseph M. Culbertson, August, 1857. Sec. 9. Andrew Swenson, April, 1857 ; Lavina Golf, January, 1857 ; Alvin B. YanCampen, March, 1856. Sec. 10. William C. Baugh, April, 1857 ; Thomas B. Kittle, August, 1856 ; Cynthia E. Carieo, August, 1856 ; John B. F. Durfee, April. 1857. Sec. 11. Andrew Lasehen, May, 1857. Sec. 12. Andrew B. Carlson, November, 1856; Kittel Asbiorson, November, 1856; Myron B. Hutchinson, August, 1856. Sec. 13. Elihu Kinder, February, 1857 ; Thomas Scale, April, 1856 ; Lewis J. Hargrave, August, 1855. See. 11. John Heath, August, 1857; John Mattson, November, 1856; Henry S. AYilson, August, 1856. Sec. 15. Isaac P. Osborn. September, 1856; Joseph Allison, May, 1856 ; James H. Payton, October, 1855. Sec. 17. Frederick Hartman, August, 1855; Jared Boughton, October, 1855; August Knapp. February, 1856; Washington R. Culbertson, August, 1855; Sec. 18. Warren Hunt, June 1855; James McGinnis, February, 1855; Richard Freeborn, Jr., April, 1855; Hugh Montgomery, December, 1856 ; George B. Roberts, August, 1855 ; Franklin D. Clark, July, 1855. Sec. 19. William J. St. Clair, March, 1856; John Dordan, July, 1856 ; Henry Geir, February, 1856 ; Andrew J. Sanders, June, 1856. Sec. 20. Zadoc-k L. Carrier, June, 1855 ; Horace A. Tanner, October, 1855; Thomas Ryan, September, 1856; John Fling, August, 1857. Sec. 21. Abraham Mallett, April, 1857; Samuel Proctor, January, 1857. Sec. 22. Charles Morris, December, 1855; AYilliam Bragg, August, 1857; Van R. Clark, April, 1855; John Gertsh, April, 1856. Sec. 23. Frank Bred- bury, October, 1856; Swen Louis, March, 1857; Nils Louis, Feb- ruary, 1857. Sec. 21. John Johnson, October, 1856. Sec. 26. Thomas Patterson, November, 1856; John Preston, November, 1855. Sec. 27. Elihu Briddell. May, 1856 ; Francis Chiquet, May, 1856; Casper Barolinger, May 1856; Edward Strange, May, 1856. Sec. 28. Henry Winship, September, 1856 ; George F. Jones, De- cember, 1856; Wesley Hardwick, May 1856; Harvey Partridge, December, 1856. Sec. 29. Robert W. Hamilton, August, 1856 ; AAulliam Henderson, August, 1856 ; Robert Fotherby, June 1856 ; James A. Robson. July, 1856. Sec. 30. Plioeby James, May, 1857 ; Stephen A^an Guilder. February, 1857 ; Aquilla Carey, December, 1855; Julia Chase, October. 1855. Sec. 31. Albert E. AA r eed, May, 1857 ; Samuel E. Higham, October, 1855 ; Edward Reilly, Feb- ruary, 1856 : Elijah Gass, May. 1856. Sec. 33. Isaac B. Tozer, May, 1857; James L. Carieo, April, 1857 ; Calvin E. Kellogg, July, 400 HISTOBY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1856. Sec. 34. Ira S. Bose, June, 1856. Sec. 35. Levi Briddell, May, 1857; John Cockroft, December, 1856. Stanton (Range 18, Town 112). None of Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and but parts of 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 are in Goodhue county. See. 1. William Fleseh, October, 1855; George W. Smith, June, 1856; Joseph Daniels, June, 1856; David W. Humphrey, October, 1856. Sec. 3. Malissa Simond, September, 1855 ; Robert Mings, May, 1857; William D. P. Berry, December, 1856; Charles Hitcli- ings, May, 1857. Sec. 4. William F. Pool, August, 1856; James Rountree, July, 1856; Henry R. Hutchinson, July, 1856; William II. Bennett, June, 1857. Sec. 5. Theodore Swen, October, 1856; William II. Sansom, February, 1857; John Travis, May, 1856; Chauncev D. Tuttle, October, 1856. Sec. 6. Amos Dickerman, July, 1856; John S. Copley, August, 1856. Sec. 7. David H. Morrill, May, 1856 ; Richard Morrill, May, 1856 ; Alfred M. Hardy, September, 1856. Sec. 8. James A. Jacobs, May, 1856 ; John Richmond, December, 1856; Janies Workman, May, 1857; George W. Brownell, May, 1856 ; Allen Richmond, October, 1857. Sec. 10. Eli Ellsworth, June, 1857 ; Charles Curran, July, 1857 ; Mighill II. Patten, July, 1857. Sec. 11. Willis 'Yarrvlut, Novem- ber, 1856 ; Horace A. Kendall, July, 1857 ; Angeline Moody, May, 1857. Sec. 12. Jane Paxton, November, 1856; Richard 0. Etting, September, 1856. Sec. 12. Luther Scofield, June, 1855; George A\ r . Gifford, November, 1856. Sec. 13. Jeremiah E. Tebbets, May, 1857 ; Eliza W. Merrill, November, 1856. Sec. 14. Charles Parks, June, 1855. Sec. 15. Ilosea Bradford, November, 1855; Andrew J. Crooker, July, 1857. Sec. 17. Charles H. Neally, July, 1857. Sec. 19. Samuel B. Yiuton, October, 1855; AVilliam T. Mussey, November, 1855; William B. Dickerson, July, 1856. Sec. 20. Michael Waldhier, June, 1856; Seth Harris, September, 1856 ; Charles II. Owen, October, 1855. Sec. 21. Oliver W. Lull, July, 1855; Hugh AA r oodens, February, 1857. Sec. 22. Eli Van Guilder, February, 1857; Sherman Hale, August, 1856; Peter D. NcNutt, October, 1855. Sec. 23. Henry Pearson, August, 1855. Sec. 25. Daniel Holland, March, 1857. Sec. 26. Joseph Peckham, August, 1856. See. 27. Simon L. Chapman, September, 1856. Sec. 28. George W. Gould, September, 1855 ; Frederick Odell. • May, 1856; Samuel Daniels, January, 1856. Sec. 29. Willard Kenyon, June, 1856; Darius McNeal, August, 1855; Norman Dan- iels, September, 1855. Sec. 30. Winthrop E. Blair, November, 1855; Franklin H. Blair, November, 1855; John M. Drown, No- vember, 1856. Sec. 31. Daniel Goodhue, May, 1857. Sec. 32. Robert Deakiu, September, 1855. Sec. 33. Ulysses Tanner, Sep- tember, 1856; Josiali Lyon, May, 1856; Ira Peck, May, 1857; James Pollard, February, 1857. Sec. 34. Edwin H. Chapman, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 40 1 January, 1857 ; John Tepner, August, 1856. Sec. 35. Charles P. Haines, August, 1856; George Season, July, 1855. Range 13, Town 113, Sec. 31. Lucy Pettijon, October, 1857. Range 14, Town. 113, Sec. 31. Hiram B. Middaugh, March, 1856. Sec. 32. Mary Forcier, May, 1857. Burnside (Range 15, Town. 113). A few of these sections are across the river in Wisconsin. Sec. 4. David Y. Nethern, June, 1855 ; Andrew T. Prible, June, 1855. Sec. 5. William Ennis, Novem- ber, 1855; Henry B. Plant, November, 1855; Henry McKenty, Sep- tember, 1856; Frederick W. Breed, December, 1856; Michael Mc- Cue, April, 1856. Sec. 6. Patrick Gafney, February. 1857 ; Davis Ferguson, November, 1856. Sec. 9. Freeborn F. Hoyt, Septem- ber, 1855; Mathew Sorin, November, 1855. Sec. 10. Obadiah Eames, October, 1855 ; Pascal H. Shaw, October, 1855 ; Benjamin Sexton, July, 1855. Sec. 12. Frances Ives, September, 1855. Sec. 13. William Royce, November 1855; Willard Wood, Novem- ber, 1855; Daniel Brooks, December, 1855. Sec. 14. William S. Sexton, October, 1855; Abraham Florentine, September, 1856. See. 15. Lucy Heald, November, 1856; Caleb Smith, October, 1855; Thomas J. Smith, March, 1855. Sec. 17. John Brownson, October, 1855. Sec. 19. Asher 0. Moore, October, 1855; Eliza- beth A. Sorin, August, 1856; George P. Iluclspith. August, 1856; Alexander Rawson, October, 1856; Emmeline Arnold, January, 1856. Sec. 20. Dwight Fillotson, October, 1855; Justin Chamber- lin, October 1855; Lewis Quinnelle, October, 1855; Andrew Cot- ter, October, 1855; Charles C. Hardy, February, 1855. Sec. 21. Daniel Bovenmyer, October, 1855 ; Erasmus R. Loar, October, 1855 ; Marshall Cutler, November, 1855. Sec. 22. Charles Smith, October, 1855 ; Lemon Bates, June, 1855 ; Rezin Spates. June, 1855. Sec. 23. Leverett A. Morrison, September, 1856. Sec. 24. Daniel Sherman, September, 1856; Thomas M. Lowater, January, 1856. Sec. 25. William Simmons, May, 1855. (Sec. 25 is now in Red AYing.) Sec. 26. William Rock, October, 1855; William S. Grow, November, 1855. Sec. 27. Cliauncey Hobart, November, 1855; Warren Bristol, November, 1855; Peter Green, October, 1855. Sec. 28. Daniel C. Hill, October, 1857; Caleb J. F. Smith, June, 1855; John Stearns, June, 1855. See. 29. Amelia Wright, July, 1855; Mathias Streeter, October, 1855; Simon AY. Arnold, October, 1855 ; John Leeson, September, 1855. Sec. 33. Norris Hobart. June, 1855; William IT. Willington, October, 1855. Sec. 35. Silas Sawyer, March, 1856; Stephen A. Hart, November, 1855 ; Elias P. Lowater, December, 1855. Range 15, Town 114, Secs. 29, 30, 31, 32, are in Burnside township. Sec. 19. Juliet M. Snell. October, 1855. Sec. 29. Charles Walbridge, October, 1855. See. 30. Phineas C. AA 7 ilcox, November, 1855. AVelch (Range 16, Town 113), including portions of A 7 asa. 402 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Sec. 1. William Conaway, October, 1855; Benjamin Bevers, June, 1855. Sec. 2. John Creigh, May, 1856. Sec. 3. Charles Ladd, April, 1856; John 0 ’Shaughnessy, May, 1856; Edward B. Munsell, October, 1855; Michael O'Rourke, May, 1856. Sec. 4. Edward Soderland, October, 1855. Sec. 5. Mark Howard, November, 1855 ; Michael Finley, October, 1855. Sec. 7. Daniel Twitched, October, 1855. Sec. 9. Joseph AVeaver, November, 1855. Sec. 10. Isaac II. Harriet, October, 1855 ; David A. Gib- son, October, 1855. Sec. 12. Nathaniel S. Eaton, June, 1856. Edward Nilan, May, 1857; Jacob Todd, October, 1855. Sec. 13. Joshua R. Balme, May, 1856; John 0. Carter, May, 1856; Still- man Wells, October, 1855; Jacob Freystadt, November, 1855. Sec. 14. Otis B. Pasco, January, 1855 ; Robert Colby, October, 1855. Sec. 15. John R. Dutch, October, 1855; Delano F. Smith, October, 1855. Sec. 18. Dennis Harbaugh, November, 1855. Sec. 22. Curtis Tomlinson, December, 1855 ; Jacob B. Bausman, July, 1856; Sec. 25. Clinton Gurnu, Jr., August, 1856. Sec. 26. David Hancock, October, 1855. Sec. 27. Nancy Fish, February, 1856; Phineas S. Fish, February, 1856. Sec. 28. William McFar- land. June, 1856; A. Gould Blackman, July, 1856. Sec. 29. Mar- garette Balme, January, 1856. Sec. 31. L. Rounsevil, July, 1856; J. M. Gleddon, July, 1856. Sec. 34. David Finch, September, 1855 ; Dudley F. Langley, October, 1855. Sec. 35. Royal Lovell, July, 1856; Samuel Doughty, November, 1856. Range 16, Town 114. Sections 25, 26, 27, and 34, 35, 36 of this township are in AYelch, the rest in Dakota county. Sec. 10. Rial Irish, October, 1855. Sec. 14. James Chambers, July, 1856. Sec. 15. Juliana Miller, September, 1856. Sec. 22. Charles Near, October, 1855 ; Samuel Ilammel, October, 1855 ; Daniel Keeley, July, 1855. See. 23. Edmund Doak, July, 1855. Sec. 24. Wil- liam Deppen, July, 1856. Sec. 27. Asa P. Manning, October, 1855; Seth Washburn, April, 1856. Sec. 34. Ebenezer Sherman, May, 1856. Central Point, in part. (Range 12, township 112.) Sec. 29. Sophia Huot, June, 1857. Sec. 30. Scholastica Fuller, June, 1857 ; Paul Grignon, May, 1857. Sec. 31. Joseph Labatte, April, 1857 ; Thomas Robinson, April, 1857. Red Wing and Wacoota, in part. (Range 14, township 113.) Much of the village of Red Wing had been claimed before the land office opened, that part of the property mentioned in the folloAving list which is now included in Red Wing, having at that time been farm land in the outskirts. Sec. 26. Rosalie Lambert, April, 1857. Sec. 27. Henry Ful- ler, July, 1857 ; Clemment Farribault, April. 1857. Sec, 29. Lor- enzo D. Chillson, April. 1857 ; William H. Welch, March, 1856. HISTORY OF GOOHIIUE COUNTY 403 Sec. 31. Hiram B. Middaugh, March, 1856; Nels Nelson, March, 1856. Sec. 32. Mary Lambert, April, 1857 ; Mary Forcier, May, 1857 ; Antoine La Chappelle, April, 1857 ; Vital Bouire, May, 1857. Sec. 34. Henry Fuller, July, 1857 ; Clemment Farribault, April. 1857. Sec. 36. Cecilia Edwards, April, 1857. CHAPTER XXIV. GOODHUE COUNTY CHURCHES. Religious Influence — Norwegian Lutheran — Norwegian Metho- dist — Swedish Lutheran — English Lutheran — Swedish Mis- sion — German Churches — German Methodism — Swedish Methodists — Roman Catholic — Congregational — Presby- terian — Episcopal— Baptist — Swedish Baptist. Religious influence has ever been tremendously powerful in Goodhue county. Father Hennepin, a Franciscan priest, bore the crucifix when he landed at the foot of Barn Bluff in 1680. The stockade at Frontenac in 1827 enclosed a mission house of the Jesuit order. The first modern settlers of the county were the Swiss missionaries, Denton and Gavin. Their successors Avere Aiton and Hancock, Presbyterian clergymen. Wherever the pio- neers settled they no sooner had their houses roofed over than they began to hold religious services. With so large a Scandina- vian and German .population, it is natural that the Lutheran faith should hold a leading position in the county. Not all the people of Scandinavian and German birth, however, subscribe to the tenets of that faith, as the Swedish, Norwegian and German Methodists, and the German and SAvedish Baptists are also repre- sented. The Roman Catholic church is important, and the Episco- pal and Methodist Episcopal chapels and churches are scattered throughout the county. There are also a number of Congrega- tional churches and one Presbyterian church. The Christian Sci- entists hold services at Red Wing, and the Salvation Army has at various times endeavored to gain a foothold here. NORWEGIAN LUTHERAN. The United Church of the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran faith is represented in Goodhue county by tAvelve congregations, Lands (Zumbrota Chapel), Minneola, Holden, Dale, Yang, Urland, Yang’s Prairie, Gol, Molancl, Kenyon and Hoff. Holden Congregation Avas organized September 12, 1856, on lot 6, section 19, in Wanamingo township, in a grove where, in more recent years, the residence of Dr. Charles Gronvold Avas 404 Rev. L. M. Biorn. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 405 erected. The circuit of the congregation then reached within ten miles of Faribault and east to Zumbrota, and consisted of upwards of seventy heads of families. The organization was effected under the supervision of the Rev. H. A. Stub. The trustees were Knut K. Finseth. Kjostel G. Naeset, Halvon 0. Huset and Christopher Lockrem. The trustees secured 100 acres of land, on section 19, for church purposes, which they afterward improved by the erec- tion of a good parsonage, -barn, granary and outbuildings. After their organization they had no regular pastor, but were occasion- ally visited by Revs. J. S. Munck, L. Larson and A. C. Preus, until the arrival of Rev. B. J. Muus, in 1859. In 1861 they built their present church, a fine building capable of seating at least 500. The Rev. Fjelstad is pastor. Lands and Minneola Congregations were originally a part of the Holden Congregations and were served by the Rev. B. J. Muus. In 1868 the two congregations were organized as a sepa- rate charge and the Rev. N. Th. Ylvisaker chosen as minister. The church in Lands was built in 1868 and the church in Minneola in 1871. Rev. N. Th. Ylvisaker died in 1877 and his brother. Rev. John Ylvisaker, was called, remaining until 1879, when he be- came a theological professor. In 1879, Rev. L. M. Biorn was called and he served the charge twenty-nine years. He died in June, 1908, and is buried at Lands Church. Rev. G. S. Froiland was chosen as his successor and still remains. In the controversy in the Synod, these congregations sided with the anti-Missou- rians. The minister has free use of a beautiful piece of land of about fifty-sis acres, upon which is situated the pleasant parson- age. Lands has a membership of about 1,000 souls. The present church is too small and the congregation is contemplating build- ing a new church. Parochial schools are held about eight months in the year, divided between the several school districts. Minne- ola has a membership of about 500 souls, and also maintains paro- chial school eight months of the year. The congregations have young people's societies, a young ladies’ society and several ladies’ aid societies. Ludvig Marinus Biorn. now deceased, was born in Moss, Nor- way, September 7. 1835. His father ivas a minister in the state church of Norway, and some of his ancestors held high military and ecclesiastical positions in Slesvig. Biorn became a student at the University of Norway in 1855. graduating as a theological candidate in 1861. The following year he emigrated to America, being called as pastor by the congregation of the Norwegian Synod in Manitowoc county, Wisconsin. Here Rev. Biorn met all the hardships incident to pioneer life. The war, too, added to the difficulty. Company F, of the Fifteenth Wisconsin Regiment, was mostly taken from his congregation. In 1879 he removed to Good- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 406 hue county, to the congregations of Land and Minneola. The year before the crops of the Northwest were a failure, and Good- hue, with the rest of the counties of this section, Avere suffering from that failure. With his parishioners, he set to Avork with a will, enlarging his congregations, establishing schools, forming missions and other societies in connection with the church. He taught the young and the old, visited the sick, assisted the poor and buried the dead. Reverend Biorn Avas one of the leaders of the Anti-Missourians in the great predestination controversy, and Avhen, after the division of the synod, the United Church was organized out of three Norwegian Lutheran denominations, Rev- erend Biorn became the vice-president of the neAv body. The North, in 1893, said: “Reverend Biorn has a frank, honest, pre- possessing face. He is a thoroughbred gentleman, a popular preacher, an able writer, and, last but not least, there is a vein of true poetry in his psychical makeup, which has found expres- sion in a number of poems, tAvo or three of which are gems of their kind.” Reverend Biorn died June 14, 1908, and a grave in Land’s church cemetery marks the resting place of his body, but his life still lives, and aauII continue to live as long as those who knew him live. The result of his labor will live much longer. He was first married to Bollette Fleisher, avIio died in September, 1881. In 1884 he married Mathilda Johnson, of Wittenburg, Wis. Eleven children survive: Ragnar Biorn, of Minot, No. Dak.; Mrs. Anna Foxen, residing in Norway; Herman, a practicing attorney at St. Paul ; Nels, a physician of Ada, Minn. ; Mi's. Mellby, wife of Professor Mellby, of Northfield; Sigurd, Aimar, Yalborg, Harold, Nina, and Inga, of Zumbrota. Dale Congregation was organized in 1856 or 1857 by the Rev. P. A. Rasmussen, of Lisbon, 111. The church is located in Cherry Grove township. ReA^. Fjelstad is the pastor. Vang’s Congregation consists of Norwegian farmers who believe in the faith professed by Luther, and who reside in the north of Holden and south of Warsaw. Until 1862 the farmers in that vicinity had no public place of worship, and the log cabins of the farmers had to be used; but in 1862 the farmers in that vicinity organized as a “Sogn,” and commenced building a small church. The church was completed in the fall of 1867, and dedi- cated October 18, the following year. It Avas located one mile south of the town line between Warsaw and Holden, and at the southwest corner of section 4. of Holden. The congregation Avas not at that time incorporated, and was largely controlled by the Holden congregations, and Rev. B. J. Muus served them all as their minister. They, however, adopted a separate name, and called themselves the Vangs congregation. The word Vangs means in English a wing, and is used here because most of its members HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 407 hail from a congregation in Norway called Vang, in Valders. In 1883 the congregation was incorporated, the following persons signing the articles of incorporation : Peter E. Bakke, Simon 0. Gjellnm, Halvor L. Lilleskov, Torgor Thompson and Nils Torsten- son. On the south of Vangs church reside a fine settlement of Germans, who are very prosperous, and came to stay, but on the north side were a good many other nationalities, wlio wanted to sell ; and as the Norwegians are generally industrious and pros- perous farmers, they were always ready to buy, and as a result the congregation continued growing north, leaving the church in the south part of the congregation. Finding the old church too small for the large increase, they built a new church nearly in the center of the member’s homes. Two years ago the congregation bought a beautiful and high-grade pipe organ. An expensive parsonage is located near the old church site. The following pastors have’served the congregation: B. J. Muus, M. O. Bookman, T. Aug. Hanson, J. N. Kildahl, N. Oefste- dahl, C. A. Mellby, and A. Hauge, the present pastor. The church maintains parochial schools in several districts. It has four auxiliaries. The present membership is over 600. It belongs to the United Norwegian Lutheran Church of America. The present trustees are : Ingebright Bakke, M. 0. Mering, Tli. Bakken, B. Swenson and 0. Kumperud; treasurer, C. T. Haugen; secretary, 0. Flaten ; organist, E. Rude. Wangen’s Prairie is a congregation located in Warsaw town- ship. Reverend Hauge is pastor. It was organized and incorpo- rated January 9, 1908. Its members belonged formerly to the Urland congregation. The first trustees were : Joh. Lillskov, Hans Loven, and John P. Wangen. Its church building Avas dedicated in 1902. It is in connection with Vang and Urland congregations as one call, the present pastor being Rev. A. Hauge. The church maintains a parochial school and Iavo auxiliaries. The present membership is over eighty. The congregation belongs to the United Norwegian Lutheran Church of America. The treasurer is Joh. Lillskov, and the secretary is Oliver Fretten. Urland Congregation originally belonged to Ilolden congrega- tion. In 1868 it Avas decided to organize Urland as a “Sogn,” and in 1872 it Avas incorporated as a congregation. Articles of incorporation Avere signed by E. L. Otterness, Ragnald Johnson and William Olson. The trustees were Lars Flom, Torsten A. Melhouse, Ole A. Melhouse, Ragnald J. Ohnstad and Johannes Ingebritsen. A church building Avas erected in Leon township in 1872, and Avas dedicated in 1874, and capable of seating 500 people. The building committee consisted of Ragnald J. Ohnstad, Ed. L. Otter- ness and A. A. Flom. 408 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY This summer — 1909 — a beautiful and high-grade pipe organ was bought and placed in the church, and dedicated by Dr. C. A. Mellby the 18th of July. As Urland forms a call together with Vang, the parsonage is a joint property. The following pastors have served the congre- gation : Revs. B. J. Muus, M. 0. Bookman. Th. Aug. Hanson, J. N. Kildahl, N. Osfstedahl, C. A. Mellby and A. Hauge, the pres- ent pastor. The church maintains parochial schools in several districts. It has three auxiliaries. The present membership is over 600. It belongs to the United Norwegian Lutheran Church of America. TJie present trustees are P. J. Otterness, O. E. Ohnstad. R. 0. Underdahl, J. E. Flom, and S. Charleson, trustee- at-large and treasurer ; secretary, I. D. Hustvedt, who lias also been the parochial teacher and organist in the congregation for more than thirty years. Gol’s Congregation is located in Kenyon township, and the Reverend Simonson is pastor. See Kenyon. Moland Congregation includes both Goodhue and Rice county people. The Reverend Simonson is pastor. See Kenyon town- ship. Kenyon Congregation has a flourishing village congregation. The Reverend Simonson is pastor. See Kenyon village. Hoff Congregation erected a church in Belvidere township in 1867. The Reverend Mellby is pastor. See Belvidere township. Rev. B. J. Muus, the venerable old patriarch of the Norwegian churches of the county, was born in Norway, March 15, 1832. He graduated from Christiania University in 1854, and a few years afterward immigrated to Minnesota. In 1859 he came to Goodhue county and took charge of all the Norwegian Lutheran congrega- tions at that time organized in Minnesota, including the congre- gation of Holden. He was the first minister of the established church of Norway to locate here, and for some years had sole charge of the congregations in eight counties in Wisconsin and Minnesota. His work resulted in the formation of new parishes, until his district included seven congregations, as follows : Holden congregation, in Wanamingo; Dale, in Cherry Grove; Urland, in Leon; Vang’s, in Holden; Gol and Halgre in Kenyon, and Moland, on the county line. All these congregations, except Moland. owned fine church buildings, and in taking charge of the congregations Rev. Muus was aided by two assistants. Over twenty parochial schools were also conducted in connection with these churches. Under the care of Pastor Muus these congrega- tions grew and prospered, and in the course of time many secured pastors of their own, one after another. Reverend Muus retained charge of the Holden congregation until a short time before his death, in Norway, May 25, 1900. He served as president of the HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 40 y Minnesota Synod of the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church, as president of St. Olaf’s school, at Nortlifield, and for many years occupied a high place of honor and respect in the counsels of the church with which he- affiliated. In 1876, when the Nor- wegian synod was divided into three districts, Mr. Muus was elected president of the one embracing Minnesota and the states to the west. He was the founder and first president of St. Olaf college, at Nortlifield. In his latter years he differed with his synod on doctrinal questions, and was finally expelled, but was, in spite of this, respected for his learning and high character. Prof. F. A. Schmidt, D. D., is professor of theology at the United Lutheran Seminary at St. Anthony Park. He is one of the best known Lutheran scholars in the northwest. He was born in Leutenberg, Rudolstadt, Germany, January 3, 1837, and came to America in 1841, after the death of his parents. After spending six years in the parochial schools in St. Louis, he en- tered college, and graduated in 1853. He studied theology three years, served a congregation in Eden, N. Y., and later another at Baltimore, Md. After two years he was called as professor in the first Norwegian high school in America, uoav known as Luther College, in Decorah, Iowa. This was in 1861. Later he taught theology five years at Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, and then removed to Madison, Wis., teaching there eleven years in the Norwegian Theological Seminary. When the United Norwegian Lutheran church was formed in 1890, he was transferred from Nortlifield, whither he had gone in 1886 to teach in the seminary of the Anti-Missourians, to Minneapolis, where he is still teach- ing, although he is uoav seventy-two years of age. In 1883 he re- ceived the D. D. degree in recognition of his honorable services. His Avife, Mrs. Schmidt, formerly Caroline Allwardt, is still liv- ing. On Tuesday, December 8, 1908, the aged couple celebrated their golden Avedding. Mrs. F. A. Schmidt Aims born in Mecklen- burgh-Schwerin, Germany, October 11, 1842, and came to Chat- tanooga county, NeAv York, when she Avas eight years old. She was married to Dr. F. A. Schmidt fifty-one years ago at Olean, N. Y. Dr. and Mrs. Schmidt have a number of sons and daugh- ters, among whom is Prof. E. W. Schmidt, of the Red Wing Seminary. The Norwegian Synod lias three churches in this county — - Trinity, at Red Wing; Little Cannon, in Holden, and the Zum- brota church. The Evangelical Lutheran Trinity Church, of Red Wing, at one time known as the First Norwegian Evangelical Church, of Red Wing, belongs to the Synod of the NorAvegian EA'angelical Lutheran Church of America. The first Lutheran sermon in the Norivegian language Avas preached in Red Wing in 1858 by ReA r . 410 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY L. Larsen. A faithful, but small, body of believers continued to bold services at the homes of members, in halls, at the courthouse, and in various other places, Rev. Larsen continuing as religious instructor and pastor. He was succeeded by Rev. B. J. Muus, under whose pastorate the church was formally or- ganized as a Norwegian-speaking church, in the basement of the German Lutheran church, February 18, 1864. The original organization had a membership of eight families. In 1865 the lot on the corner of Bush and Sixth streets was bought, and a church erected. The cornerstone was laid October 10, 1866, and the church was dedicated October 18, of the same year. On the same day the Rev. Nels Th. Ylvisaker was ordained, and became the first resident pastor. He Avas succeeded in 1875 by Rev. R. Lar- son, Avho the next year Avas folloAved by the Rev. K. Berven. During his pastorate the predestination controversy divided the congregation, and twenty-eight families severed their connection with the church. Reverend Berven remained pastor to 1887. Then for a year the congregation AA r as served from Minneapolis by Rev. 0. P. Vangsnes. In 1888 the Rev. K. Bjorgo Avas installed as pastor. In 1891 he was elected president of the Minnesota district of the Synod. He had the folloAving assistants: D. P. GroAve, 1891-94; P. A. Kittelsby, 1894-96; C. Doring, 1896-97. It was during Reverend Bjorgo ’s pastorate that English work was begun in the congregation. The English Mission Society was organized in 1890 with Rev. J. A. Detzer, of St. Paul, in charge from 1890 to 1892. He was succeeded by Rev. E. F. ILaertel, avIio served from 1892 to 1897. In 1897 the English Mission Society Avas merged into the congregation proper, and the congregation adopted its present name and the English language as its official tongue. The duties of district president required more and more of Reverend Bjorgo ’s time. He therefore resigned as pastor, and Avas succeeded in 1897 by Rev. PI. G. Magelssen. Reverend Bjorgo remained as assistant pastor. Reverend Magelssen ’s pas- torate extended to January, 1903, when he was succeeded by the Rev. E. I. St-rom. In 1900 the corner of Fifth and Dakota streets Avas purchased for a site for the neAA r church and parsonage. In 1902 the house on the property was remodeled for a parsonage. In September, 1904, the excavation for the new church Avas com- menced. The cornerstone Avas laid April 9, 1905, and the church was dedicated July 15, 1906. The new church is of Red A¥ing stone, 84 x 48, with a seating capacity of 400. It is heated Avith steam and lighted by gas and electricity. The basement extends under the whole church, and is used for school and societies. The church property as it now stands cost, in round numbers, $30,000. A regular day school has been conducted since the fall of 1903, with the pastor and Elizabeth Clausen as teachers. The HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 411 Ladies’ Aid Society meets on the first Thursday of every month. The Young People’s Society and + he Priscillas meet at the call of the presidents. The Sunday school meets regularly every Sun- day after service. Rev. Eimar Ingvald Strom, who resigned as pastor in May, 1909, and is now pastor of two churches in Chippewa county, Minnesota, was born in Zumbrota, this county, June 9, 1871. In the fall of 1886 he entered Luther College, at Decorah, la., where he was graduated in 1895. He was ordained August 19, 1895, in the church at Zumbrota. His first parish was in Ward and McHenry counties, North Dakota. In 1897 he became principal of Luther Academy, Albert Lea, Minn., where he remained until 1902. He then served the Crow River parish, in Kandujohi county, for one year, and came to Red Wing in May, 1903. Dur- ing his stay in Red Wing he served as trustee of the Lutheran Ladies’ Seminary and as trustee and treasurer of St. John’s Hospital. He was married in 1897 to Helina Marie Nedrud. This union has been blessed with six children, Kristine, Carl, Agnes, Nora, Ingvald and Solveig. Zumbrota Congregation was organized in 1889 by the Rev. 0. P. Yangsnes, of Minneapolis. Among the members at that time were K. L. Strom. A. Erstad, Andrew Ylvisaker, C. A. Erstad, John Fylken, Christ Tolleffrud. Albert Erstad, Iver Lunde, Hans C. Lunde, Bernt Lunde, Michael Gullerud, Ole Fin- stuen, Henry Goplen, P. P. Finstuen, Hans Bjugan, Thos. Avels- gaard, Nels 0. Rostacl and Th. Raaen. In 1893 a new church was erected on the outskirts of Zumbrota and dedicated July 30 by Rev. Joh. Ylvisaker, assisted by Rev. 1. A. Thorsen.'K. B.jorgo, D. P. Gi’owe and Rev. Skabo. The church cost about $4,000, is 42 by 30 feet, with a chancel 18 by 22 feet. The tower is 12xl2x 85. O. P. Yangsnes served the congregation from 1889 to 1890. Then for ten years the pastor was Rev. K. B.jorgo, assisted by D. P. Growe, P. A. Kittelsbv, C. Doring and II. G. Magelssen. John Linnevold served a short time in 1900; II. G. Magelsson served from 1900 to 1901 and the Rev. S. J. N. Ylvisaker served until August 31. 1908. Rev. E. J. Strom served as pastor three months and then came the present pastor. Rev. S. Bervin. The church has about thirty families, has a Saturday school, two ladies’ aid societies, a church choir and other organizations. The officers are : Chairman, Rev. S. Bervin ; deacon, Iver Lunde : trus- tees. Albert Erstad. Th. Avelsgaard, IJ. Goplen : secretary. Peter II. Lunde; treasurer, O. E. B.jorgo. The church is constantly growing and has a splendid future. In 1903 this church, in con- nection with the Little Cannon church, purchased a fine parson- age, adjoining the church. Little Cannon Congregation originally affiliated with the con- 413 HISTORY OF OOOJDIiUE COUNTY gregation at Hayfield, Minn., and the pastor was the Rev. John Linnevold. Later the congregation associated with the Zum- brota congregation, at that time in charge of Rev. S. J. N. Ylvis- aker. In the fall of 1908 the congregation was served a short time by the Rev. Tli. Norman, of Hayfield. Since that time the pastor has been the Rev. S. Bervin. The church has a parochial school and the usual societies. The church building was dedi- cated September 22, 1901, by Rev. K. Bjorgo, assisted by Prof. Hans Allen, Rev. H. G. Magelssen, Prof. J. U. Xavier and Rev. S. J. N. Ylvisaker. Among, the early members were: G. K. Norsving, Bk. Norsving, K. K. Tasa, Th. 0. Quam, T. T. Hover- stead, Ole J. Broen, J. O. Broen, H. 0. Broen, John Broen, Ole Nesseth, Ole 0. Braaten, Erik Odegaard, Roar 0. Nesseth, Iver 0. Nesseth, Martin Jjellum, IT. B. Underdahl, Bernt Nesseth, Baard Nesseth and Knute Tasa. The parsonage is at Zumbrota. Rev. Sven Berven Avas born in Bergen, Norway, September 21, 1874, son of Kristen and Ingeborg (Sexe) Berven, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1875 and located in Springfield, 111., where the father attended a theological seminary, graduat- ing in the folloAving year. He received a call from the Trinity Lutheran church of Red "Wing and served as their pastor until the fall of 1888. He then Avent to Day county, South Dakota, and had charge of a church until 1899, when he resigned from the ministry. Rev. Sven Berven recerved his education at Luther Normal School at Sioux Falls, S. D., and at Luther College, De- corah, IoAva, graduating in 1903. In the fall of 1901 he entered Luther Seminary at Hamline ; graduated in 1904 and was or- dained to the ministry. He received a call to Luverne, Minn., which he served until December, 1908, when he Avas called to take charge of the churches of Zumbrota, Little Cannon and Valley Grove. He was married, April 26, 1905, at Minneapolis, to Luella Erickson, daughter of E. M. and Johanna (Hjort) Erickson, the father a traveling salesman out of Minneapolis, Avhere they reside. Rev. and Mrs. Berven have two children. Haitge’s Synod has four churches in Goodhue county, at Red Wing, Kenyon, Roscoe Center and Aspelund. St. Peter’s Evangelical Lutheran Congregation, of Red Wing, was organized April 9, 1866, and incorporated under the state laAvs of Minnesota. The first board of trustees consisted of the following members : Ole 0. ITegna, Lars Siverson and Nils Jacob- son. The first year the congregation had about thirty communi- cant members. In 1866 a lot between Sixth and Seventh streets, on Bluff street. Avas bought, and a building erected on same, Avhieh served as the place of worship till 1886, when the present church, situated on the corner of Seventh and Bush streets, Avas dedicated. H1ST0EY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 413 Several years before the organization, in 1866, of the congre- gation of the so-called Ilauges people, Rev. 0. Hanson had served those who later composed the St. Peter’s congregation by monthly visits to Red Wing, and the meetings were generally held in the old firemen’s hall, then situated on Third street, between Bush and Plum streets. Rev. 0. Hanson was the first regular pastor, and was present at the meeting when the congregation was organized. He continued to serve until January 3, 1876, when Rev. Chr. O. Brohough was elected to the charge. May 9, 1881, Reverend Brohough resigned, and the congregation called Rev. I. Eistenson, who served but one year. From August 10, 1882, till April 30, 1885, St. Peter’s congregation was served by Rev. A. Weenaas. For a few years the congregation had no regular pas- tor, but in 1889 a call was extended to Rev. 0. S. Meland, who accepted, and preached his introductory sermon Sunday, July 1, 1889. Rev. 0. S. Meland has since been the regular pastor of St. Peter’s congregation. The present membership of the congrega- tion is about 500. Rev. Ole S. Meland, pastor of St. Peter’s Norwegian Lutheran church, was born in Norway, October 6, 1854. He received his education in the public and high schools of his native town, and later attended the seminary at Balestrand. In 1875 he emigrated * to America, and located in Dane county, Wisconsin, where he worked on a farm in the summer, attending school in the winter. He engaged in teaching for three years, after which he entered Augsburg Seminary, at Minneapolis, where he studied for five years. On account of failing health he left school and went to Norway. Pie entered college at Christiania, and remained two years. Later he received a call to the Red Wing Seminary, as instructor, to succeed Prof. Sven R. Gunderson. This position he held for eight years, and was principal the last two veai's. In 1889 he was called to become the pastor of St. Peter’s Norwegian Lutheran church, which he still serves. Mr. Meland is also a member of the Seminary board and the pastor of the school. September 1, 1887, Rev. Meland was married to Elida C. Sim- mons, daughter of Thor K. and Hannah S. (Hawkins) Simmons, of Red AViug. Rev. and Mrs. Aleland have four children : Alvin Simmons, born June 20, 1888, a student at Williams College, Massachusetts; Aneva Maria, born September 10, 1892; Norman, born June 20, 1894, and Jennette, born May 11, 1897, all of whom are attending school. Reverend Meland is Republican in his politics, and is an active and interested worker in the Anti-Saloon League. Immanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church, of Aspelund, was organized in 1859 by Rev. A. E. Boyum. Although not ordained, Oesten Hanson took charge of the congregation, and in 1861 was ordained, remaining until his death. At the time of the organiza- 414 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY tion the membership was about thirty-five, and the officers were : Deacons, Stephen Lee and Ole J. Lee; trustees, Ole J. Lee, Flans M. Sande and Knut Sanden. The present pastor is the Rev. C. C. Hotter, who has been in charge of the congregation about eleven years. The church has a membership of 350, and the meeting place is a fine church building, erected at a cost of $5,000. The present secretary of the church is 0. S. Haugen, of Wanamingo. A board of trustees and a board of elders, and the other cus- tomary officers, constitute the governing board. Hauges Evangelical Lutheran Congregation, at Kenyon, has a membership of 210, and two churches, one in the village and the other in the country. The two churches are valued at about $8,000. The secretary is A. Anonby, of Kenyon, and the other officers are as usual. These churches, like the others of Ilauge’s synod in their vicinity, were organized about fifty years ago, and were for many years in charge of Rev. O. Hanson, now being served by Rev. C. C. IFolter, who has been the pastor about eleven years. The Kenyon congregation, the Stordal church and the Immanuel church unite in a parsonage at Kenyon village valued at about $5,000. Stordal Evangelical Lutheran Church, at Roscoe Center, is one of the old churches of the county, and has a membership of about 300. The church building cost $5,000, and the secretary is O. G. * Romo, of Zumbrota. Like the other two congregations now in charge of Reverend Hotter, this congregation was for many 5 r ears served by Rev. O. Hanson. Rev. C. C. Holter, pastor of the congregations at Kenyon, Ros- coe Center and Aspelund, is a clergyman of acknowledged ability, and took up his present parishes about eleven years ago. He is the editor of the “Budbaeren,” a 24-page weekly church paper, which has a wide circulation among the communicants of the Hauge synod. Rev. Oesten Hanson was born July 8, 1836, in Norway, and died August 4. 1898. At the age of fifteen he emigrated with his parents to this country, and with them lived for a time in Wis- consin. In 1856 they moved to this county, and here Reverend Hanson was ordained, in 1861, serving the congregations at Aspe- lund, Kenyon and Roscoe Center until his death. In 1875-76 he Avas president of Hauge ’s synod, was its vice-president for about twenty years, was president of the board of regents of the Red Wing Seminary for se\ r eral years, and Avas again elected president of the synod in 1887. The Free Church, which has a congregational form of govern- ment, is represented in this county by two churches, one in Wana- mingo, and Hegre in Kenyon, near Skyberg. Wanamingo Congregation was organized July 27, 1869, and HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 415 the following officers elected: Erick Erickson (chairman), E. T. Sandstrom (secretary), Otto Thoreson, Nils Ghristofferson, Erick Erickson and John Swenson, deacons. The constitution of the Augustana synod was adopted with no changes. August 31, 1869, a meeting was held for the purpose of calling a pastor, and Rev. L. E. Green, of Forest City, la., was chosen. Johannes E. Skaar presided at this meeting, with Herman C. Sorum as secretary. The first annual meeting was held January 3, 1870, when Tosten Thoreson, John A. Skaar, John Swenson and Carl Swenson were chosen to serve as trustees, and Herman C. Sorum as treasurer. January 13, 1872, Rev. N. E. Vickre, of Christinia, Minn., was called. He accepted, and remained until 1881. December 2, 1872, a meetng was held to discuss the building of a church, and a subscription was taken among those present, which amounted to $898.00. At the annual meeting, held March 3, 1873, at the home of Ilaagen Saetran, they decided to build a church 40 x 32 x 16, with a balcony for the choir 18 x 18. A committee was chosen, consisting of Johannes Skaar (chairman), H. Ener- son, Lars Sorenson, Haagen Saetran and Tosten Thoreson. May 26th a meeting was held at the home of Edward Larson for the purpose of choosing a delegate to the annual conference. Ole Anfinson was elected as the first representative of the church. In the fall of 1877 the church was finished and dedicated the twenty-fifth Sunday after Trinity. The tower was built in 1886. August 14, 1881. Rev. Gerhard Gjertsen, of Rochester, Minn., was called to succeed Reverend Vickre. December 27, the same year, the members met again for the purpose of selecting a pastor. A question arose of joining with the Dale church, and calling Reverend Munck, of Norway, but it was finally decided to join with Rochester, and call Rev. L. Lund to serve both churches. In November, 1890, the Rochester church severed her connection with AYanamingo, and that left them again without a pastor, so a meeting was held September 13, 1891, when Student R. Halvorson was called. He remained two years. In the fall of 1892 AYanamingo. Hoff and Hegre churches joined, and called Student R. Halvor- son to assume charge of the three churches. He served until September, 1901, and Reverend Rislov, the present pastor, was called. At a meeting October 14, 1889, the constitution of the United Norwegian Lutheran Church of America was adopted, and a reso- lution passed to take part in the effort to raise the sum of $22,000 in the conference. S. S. Hommedal and Ole Sletten were elected as delegates to attend the conference at Minneapolis in 1890. March 25, 1897, the AYanamingo church separated from the United church. There are at present about 230 members, and of the founders, only one — Edward Larson — is living. The church 416 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY is affiliated with do definite synod, but is what is known as a "free church,” having a distinctly congregational form of government. Hegre Congregation was organized in the year 1878. Among the first members were P. P. Hegseth, A. II. Hegseth, J. P. Heg- seth, Haagen Danielson, N. O. Rodningen, L. A. Jarstad, S. A. Ofstedal, L. J. Kyllo, P, J. Borstad, P. H. Satran, A. Kinsetli and P. J. Kyllo. The erection of the church building was started about 1880, but was not completed before 1902. It was dedicated November 2, of the same year. The present membership is 200 souls and 123 confirmed members. The following pastors have been in charge of the congregation : B. J. Muus, M. 0. Backman, A. Whither, N. Ofstedal, R. Ilalvorson and S. Rislov, the latter of whom is now in charge. The church is located in Kenyon. The United Brethren have two churches in the county, one at Kenyon and the other at Ilader. NORWEGIAN METHODIST. There are two Norwegian Methodist churches in the county, one in Belvidere and one in Leon. The Eidsvold Norwegian Methodist Church of Leon. The first meetings were held in the homes of the members, in the school house, or under the trees when the weather permitted, in the year 1859, and the church was organized a year later. In 1875, through the efforts and liberality of one of its charter members, ■ Gulbrand Nelson, a church was erected, and has since been sup- plied by the pastor of the church of Belvidere. It is located in section 20. The present membership numbers eleven, and its leading member and main supporter is John Ring. The Norwegian Methodist Church of Belvidere. (By Mrs. David A. Larson.) The first meetings were held in the homes and in the schoolhouse as early as 1858. These meetings, led by a local preacher, Knut Knutson, were usually well attended, the old settlers sometimes walking a distance of eight to fifteen miles to be present. In 1874 a church was erected and dedicated the following year, July 11, by the presiding elder, J. II. Johnson, assisted by the pastor of the church, Rev. G. Oleson, also Revs. C. F. Lindquist and A. Olaveson. The first members were : Knut Knutson, a local preacher; Amund Larson, a preacher who was a soldier in the Civil War, and died September 2, 1865, of disease contracted in the service; Hans IT. Danielson, also an old soldier, who suffered the loss of a limb in the war, and his wife, both active church workers, and whose home was always open to friends and strangers; Swen Hendrickson, a soldier who died after the war, and his wife; Thor Erickson, also a soldier, and HJSTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 417 liis wife, both of whom have passed to the Great Beyond; Her- man Hanson, now deceased, and his wife, who resides in Wis- consin. The pastors who have served this church are : Revs. Nicholas S. Olstrom, who enlisted in 1861, as chaplain in the army and died there; P. M. Johnson, who served the church dur- ing the war; Rev. Long, C. F. Lindquist, now r living at Red Wing; Rev. Borgeson, E. Arveson, now deceased; Arue Johnson, Chris- tian Oman, who died in 1894; A. Knutson, now of Minneapolis, who was the prime factor in the erecting of the church in 1874, but did not stay until it was dedicated; Paul Seim, 1885; B. E. Olin, 1886 ; C. Christoferson, 1887, now of Deer Park, Wis. ; Axel Olsen, who was a preacher and farmer, and is now dead; Rev. Gustav Thoner, who served one year; N. C. Hanson, 1896; Nels Jacobson, 1897-99; 0. S. Holland, 1900; A. W. Rosness, 1901-02; Arnt M. Anderson, 1903 ; O. A. Doblougli, 1904 ; 0. A. Hofstecl, 1905. L. A. Larson, who served in 1907, died August, 1908, and is buried beside the church in Belvidere. His mother, Bertha Larson, donated the lot on which the church stands in section 20. Rev. J. A. Jacobson is the present pastor, and is serving his second year. He was born in Norway, and came to America when a youth, and received his education in Chicago. Since his ordination to the ministry, he has had several charges. He served the Norwegian Methodist church in St. Paid and was presiding elder for six years. He preaches equally well in both the Eng- lish and Norwegian languages. He was married in 1888 to Hannah Bernson, of Minneapolis, and has two daughters : Ruth is a school teacher, and Gertrude attends school. They have also adopted an orphan boy. The present officers of the church are David A. Larson, Mrs. IT. IT. Danielson and Otto Larson. There is a Sunday school of three classes, of which David Larson is the superintendent and secretary, and Caleb Larson, treasurer. The church also supports a society called the Band of Helpers, the officers of which are President, Edna Danielson; vice president, Mrs. A. B. Larson; secretary, Alison B. Larson ; treasurer, Otto Larson. Mrs. H. II. Danielson is the only surviving charter member of the church, and is still an active worker. SWEDISH LUTHERAN. The Augustana Synod of the Swedish Evangelical Lutheran church is represented in Goodhue county by eight congregations, Vasa, Zion (Goodhue), Red Wing, Cannon River, Welch, Prairie Island, Spring Garden and St. Ansgars (Cannon Falls). The history of the churches at Vasa and Red Wing is a part of the early history of this county, and a full record, written by 418 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Rev. E. Norelius and Rev. E. G. Chinlund, is found in another chapter. Cannon River Church was established May 11, 1857, by the Rev. E. Norelius. The first members were Andrew Swanson, Nels ITawkinson, Gustof Anderson, A. P. Johnson, Andrew Lind- strom, C. F. Johnson, Magnus Nelson, John Peterson, Jacob An- derson, Magnus Lundell, August Peterson, Swan Nelson, Gustof Johnson, Olof Ostberg, John Johnson and Jonas Engberg, Jr. The meeting was held at the house of Andrew Swanson, on block 51, in the Cannon Falls- city addition, where the mill was after- ward erected. The trustees elected at this meeting were Andrew Swanson, Nels ITawkinson and Jonas Engberg. The latter was also elected treasurer. It was decided to build a church and subscriptions were raised to the amount of $465. At a later meeting, held June 8, 1857, it was arranged to build a frame church, 30x40, eighteen feet high, with a tower. Andrew Lind- strom laid the foundation in June, 1857, but the church was not completed. In 1862 the congregation built a church in the town- ship, on section 3, 20x26. This edifice was used until the summer of 1878, when the congregation erected a frame church on section 1 , 30x60, with a tower, at an estimated cost of $4,000. An interesting story once related by G. Westman is to the effect that during the year 1858, the congregation was to have the Lord’s supper administered, and a collection was taken up and a bottle of wine procured. On the morning of that eventful Sabbath the wine was to be brought from the south side of the Little Cannon to the north side. The river being high, the seven members residing on the south side were to be taken over in a skiff. With them was the wine. When they reached the middle of the stream, the boat was upset. With the assistance of the people on either shore, all were saved except old Mrs. Angberg, whose body was recovered several months later, eight or nine miles down the stream. It is needless to say that the wine also was lost. Spring Garden Church was organized July 19, 1858, at the residence of Peter Johnson, on section 15, Leon township, under the charge of Rev. P. Beckman, who continued for some time thereafter as pastor. The first congregation was composed of the following members : M. Edstrom and family, C. A. Haggstrom and family, John G. Wanberg and family, Jacob Johnson and family, John P. Johnson and family, A. W. Johnson and family, Isaac Holm and family, Peter Johnson and family, Nils Chalberg and family, Peter Lundell and family, Bengt Anderson and fam- ily, A. Enberg and family, Paul Nelson, John Holm, G. Holm, P. O. Holm, C. Holm, Johannes Holm. John Edwall, John Lager- KLSTOKY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 419 strorn and S. Anderson. The officers were : Deacons, M. Edstrom, for one years; John P. Johnson, for two years; Peter Johnson, for three years. Trustees, Jacob Johnson, for one year; Nils Chall- berg, for two years, and S. Anderson, for three years. For a time the congregation met in private houses or in schoolhouses. In 1862 a small church was built on section 11. This church was later replaced by a fine edifice, erected on the site of the original structure, with a capacity of 600 people. According to the official reports of the church, the present edifice was erected in 1876, the present value of the property being $13,800. There are 563 members, of whom 398 are com- municants. St. Ansgar’s Church, of Cannon Falls, was organized August 15, 1869, at the school house, by the Rev. P. A. Cederstam. Among the early members of the church were G. Westman, A. P. Johnson, John Matson, Gustof Bergman, Magnus Anderson, John Anderson, Gustof Wedestrom, John Beck, Otto Johnson, A. AY. Carlson, Lewis Larson, C. Jackson, C. P. Swanson, John Moline, Gustof Thumberg and Swan AYidholm. The first trustees were G. AVestman, A. P. Johnson and John Matson. At a meeting held February 17, 1872, it was resolved to build a frame build- ing, 34 by 50. The structure was started in the spring of 1872 and completed the same year. Including furniture and an addi- tion bruit in 1874, the cost was $3,000. This church was rebuilt in 1909 at a cost of some $7,000, enlarging its capacity and mak- ing it modern. Zion Church, in Goodhue, was organized in 1869 and incorpo- rated in 1873. A frame building was erected in 1874, the entire valuation at the present time being $3,000. There are 127 .mem- bers, of whom 91 are communicants. Dr. E. Norelius has for several years served this church as pastor. Welch Church, in AVelch township, was organized and incorpo- rated in 1873, and in 1878 a frame church was erected, the pres- ent valuation of the church property being $8,000. There are 334 members, of whom 258 are communicants. The parochial school has about thirty pupils. Prairie Island Church was organized and incorporated in 1876, and in 1897 a frame church was built, the present value of the property being $1,500. There are ninety-five members, of whom sixty-five are communicants. The parochial school has about twenty pupils. ENGLISH LUTHERAN. The English Lutheran denomination has four flourishing churches in the county, at Red Wing, Goodhue, Zumbrota and Cannon Falls. 420 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY St. Paul’s Church, at Red Wing, was organized November 20, 1886, by the Rev. G. 11. Trabert, D. D., of Minneapolis, who con- tinued to serve the congregation every two weeks. The congre- gation at first held its services in the Swedish church, then in the school house belonging to the church. Later the services were transferred to a hall at the corner of Third and Bush streets, and from there to the chapel of the Episcopal church. The pres- ent lot was secured in the summer of 1889 and the building erected. This was enlarged in the year 1899. The congregation began with seven members and has increased to 300. There are 200 scholars in the Sunday school. Services are held each Lord’s day morning and evening. Five pastors have served the congre- gation : Revs. G. It. Trabert, D. D., 1883-89; C. B. Lindtwed, 1889-92; A. Steimle, 1893-95; J. A. Leas, 1896-01. The present pastor is Rev. A. J. Reichert, who has served the congregation since May 1, 1901. The congregation has now no indebtedness. First English Evangelical Lutheran Church, of Cannon Falls. In the early part of January, 1899, several persons of Cannon Falls, among whom was F. R. Anderson, were desirous of having English Lutheran services held in Cannon Falls. Mr. Anderson conferred with Rev. J. A. Leas, Avho was then pastor of St. Paul’s church, of Red Wing. Rev. Leas made arrangements, and the first service was held in the Methodist church at Cannon Falls on a Sunday evening. A goodly number was present at the service, and many expressed a desire that services be continued at the convenience of the pastor. In a few weeks another service was held, but after that service Reverend Leas was so occupied with the duties of his own parish that no further services were held for several months. In May, 1899, Reverend Leas and the Rev. Mr. Boulton visited Cannon Falls, and, having found a number of families that desired the continuance of English Lutheran serv- ices, arrangements were made to hold Sunday evening services every two weeks in the Methodist church. These services were conducted by Revs. Leas and Boulton from May 9 to October 15. About the first of October, 1899, a meeting was held for the pur- pose of organizing an English Lutheran church, but owing to the fact that one or two of those who were the prime movers of the work at first, becoming somewhat fainthearted, and being inclined to enter the Swedish Lutheran church, which had formerly refused to admit them to membership, the other persons inter- ested thought it not advisable to organize at that time. However, arrangements were made to hold services regularly every other Sunday, both morning and evening, in a hall rented for the pur- pose. P. A. Peterson, postmaster, kindly offered the use of a small hall near his place of business. The first service was held October 15, 1899. These services were so well attended that after HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 421 on Sunday evenings the hall was found to be too small, and many had to stand during the entire service. In March, 1900, arrange- ments were made to use the hall of the A. 0. U. AY. The hall being large and comfortably furnished, the attendance at serv- ices continued very satisfactorily. In May, 1900, at a meeting called by Reverend Boulton, who had conducted the services from October 15, 1899, the First English Evangelical Lutheran church, of Cannon Falls, was organized with nine charter members, as signers of the articles of organization. The total membership was twenty-five communicants. The congregation elected the fol- lowing named persons as its first officers : Secretary, P. S. Aslak- son ; treasurer, B. R. .Johnson; deacons, S. J. Edlund. O. L. Ben- son. A. -J. Ullevig; trustees, S. J. Backlund, N. A. Winslow, A. E. Gilbertson. The congregation was received into the Synod of the Northwest at the synodical meeting in Goodhue, June. 1900. On the first Sunday in Advent, December 2. 1900, Rev. Merrill E. Boulton was installed as pastor by the Rev. G. H. Trabei't. D. D., of Minneapolis. Rev. Al. E. Boulton served as pastor of the congregation until May, 1903, when he resigned, to accept the pastorate of the First English Evangelical Lutheran church, of Mishawaka, Ind. In June, 1903, Rev. R. A. Helms accepted the call, and served as pastor until 1906, when he tendered his resig- nation. During the pastorate of Reverend Helms a lot was pur- chased, and a new church erected thereon at a cost of $2,500. It was dedicated in May, 1905. Rev. AYillis Beck assumed the pas- torate in December, 1906, aud is its present pastor, serving it from Zumbrota. The present communicant membership is 100. It has an energetic ladies ’ aid society of thirty members, a Luther league, and a Sunday school of ninety members, of which P. S. Aslakson is superintendent. First English Evangelical Lutheran Church, of Zumbrota. On October 5, 1905. Rev. R. A. Helms, who had been requested by J. A. Langslorf. Herman Kalass and others to hold English Lutheran services at Zumbrota, came here and conducted a meet- ing in Anderson Hall. The attendance at this time was forty persons. At the next meeting, two weeks later, the attendance was eighty-three. Services were then held every two weeks, until November 27, 1905, when the church was regularly organized as the First English Lutheran Church of the Redeemer by the Rev. R. A. Helms, assisted by Rev. J. A. Reichert, of Red Wing. The original signers of the constitution were Herman Kalass. Mrs. Herman Kalass, Julia Frederich. Harnett Abend. Mrs. Anton Johnson, Anton Johnson, Fred Lohmann. Lizzie Lohmaun. August King. Elinor Klug, J. II. Langsdorf. Augusta Langsdorf, William Langsdorf, IT. E. AYeiss, B. A. Kolbe and Anna Kolbe. Reverend Helms resigned as pastor in the early part of 1906. 422 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Rev. Willis Beck became pastor in December of the same year, and is the present pastor. Services were continued in Anderson’s Hall until the beginning of 1907, when the congregation secured the use of the United Norwegian chapel, which it used until the spring of 1909, and then rented the Episcopal church, where it worships at the present time. The membership has steadily grown. At the present time it is seventy-five. It has a ladies’ aid society of twenty-five members, and a Sunday school of eighty members, of which Anton Johnson is the superintendent. In May, 1909, subscriptions were raised for two church lots. St. Luke’s English Evangelical Lutheran Church. On Janu- ary 5, 1897, Rev. John A. Leas, pastor of St. Paul’s English Lutheran church, of Red AA 7 ing, visited Goodhue and met K. L. Anderson, H ein Prigge and others, with a view to learning the prospects of holding English Lutheran services in the village. The project was so favorably received that a business meeting was called for January 8, on which occasion C. A. Erickson, of Red Wing, accompanied the pastor; and in the room of K. L. Anderson a meeting was held with a view of discussing further the proposed project. Those present were K. L. Anderson, Hein Prigge, William Hennings, Henry Holst, Fred Meyer and William Kurschinsky, all of whom manifested a great interest and desire to begin such English services, with the further view of organiz- ing a congregation. Arrangements were made for weekly services, and the first service was accordingly held in L. K. Anderson ’s hall, above the postoffice, January 14, 1897, with an attendance of about eighty-five persons. Services were then held each week, usu- ally on Friday evening, until February 19, 1897, when a congre- gation was organized after the services with the following charter members: K. L. Anderson, Hein Prigge, John H. Boxrucl, Henry Holst, William Hennings, Fred Meyer, William Kurschinsky, John Schaeffer, F. AA\ Alms and Ole Tlolte. The pastor presided, and after explaining the synodical connections which he main- tained. and which the proposed English Lutheran church should sustain, the following elections were reported: Deacons, William Hennings, Ole Holte and Hein Prigge; trustees, Hein Prigge, Ole IJolte and Henry Holst; president, Henry Holst; secretary, F. W. Alms; treasurer, Hein Prigge. The secretary-elect, Mr. Alms, withdrew from the organization, and K. L. Anderson was elected to fill the vacancy on May 30. 1897. Regular services were held at stated times by Pastor J. A. Leas until arrangements were made to secure a supply for the new congregation. On April 2, 1897, the church council of St. Luke’s congregation met and unanimously elected Student M. E. Boulton, of the Lutheran Theological Seminary of Chicago, to supply the pulpit during the HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 423 summer. Student Boulton served the congregation from May 9, 1897, to September 26. 1897, leaving then to return to the theo- logical seminary at Chicago, to finish his course. During the winter of 1897-98 the congregation was supplied by Rev. J. A. Leas, of Red Wing, and Student L. L. Mastad, of the Red Wing Seminary. On March 4, 1898, at a congregational meeting, M. E. Boulton was given a unanimous call to act as pastor as soon as his seminary work would permit. Mr. Boulton having com- pleted his theological studies, and graduated April 27, 1898, accepted the call, and began his labors in the congregation May 16, 1898. He was ordained at the meeting of the synod in St. John’s church, Minneapolis, June 16, 1898, and on June 23, 1898, was installed as pastor at Goodhue by Rev. W. K. Frick, of Mil- waukee, president of the synod; Rev. C. L. Warstler, of St. Paul, secretary of the synod, and by Rev. J. A. Leas, of Red Wing. During the winter of 1898-99, Reverend Boulton completed his seminary course at Chicago, and again returned to his Goodhue congregation May 14, 1899. He continued as pastor until May, 1903, during which time the membership gradually increased, and a neat frame church was erected at a cost of $2,000. Rev. R. A. Helms served as pastor from June, 1903. until May, 1906, when it was vacant until December, 1906. At this time Rev. Willis Beck became pastor, and continues to serve it from Zumbrota. In the early part of the summer of 1908 there was erected on the church a new steeple and a 1,000-pound tin-copper bell, installed at an expense of $1,000. The congregation is in a flourishing condition, with a membership of 150, a faithful ladies’ society, and a Luther league, which meets regularly. Rev. Willis Beck was born in Stone Church, Pennsylvania, February 12, 1876. He was educated in the public school of his native village, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, Pa., and Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, Pa. Before entering college he taught in the public school for one term. He was ordained in the ministry in May, 1902, and served English Lutheran churches in Derry, Pa., from 1902 to 1905. In the spring of 1905 he organized the first English Lutheran church of Superior, Wis., and served until December. 1906, when he became pastor of what is known as the Goodhue parish, consisting of congregations in Goodhue, Cannon Falls and Zumbrota. July 7, 1903, he was married to Grace I. Klingensmith, and they have two children : Isabel R., born September 25, 1904, and Mary C., born January 11, 1906. In politics he is a Republican. SWEDISH MISSION. There is one Swedish Mission church in Red Wing. 424 HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Swedish Mission Evangelical Lutheran Church, of Red AVing. In August, 1868, a few persons gathered at the home of Nels Nelson, who lived near the Milwaukee depot, and held a prayer meeting, which was led by Nels Sylvander, who had arrived from Sweden two Aveeks before. After that, meetings were held every AYednesday evening and Sundays, and were usually con- ducted by Air. Sylvander, except for an occasional visit by Revs. P. Undeen and J. Al. Sangren, of Chicago. The meetings Avere Avell attended and in 1869 the society was organized and the fol- loAving officers elected: President, Nels Sylvander; deacon, G. Bordson ; trustees, G. E. Kjellstrom, P. Johnson and L. Larson, Avho with their A\uA T es and J. Johnson and wife, constituted the society. In 1873, a lot was purchased on Sixth street, west of AVest avenue, at a cost of $400, and a small frame church 30x40 AA r as erected the following year, and as soon as the building Avas enclosed the meetings were held there. In 1875 the church was finished, and aauis dedicated by Revs. C. A. Bjork, J. M. Sangren, S. AT. Youngcjuist and P. AYedin. In 1877, Rev. J. M. Sangren was called to become the first pastor and he served until 1878, Avhen he died. The pastors A\ffio have served are : Revs. J. M. Sangren, A. Soderstrom, C. AY. Boquist, A. Sundberg, L. Sundin, J. A. Nyvall, J. A. Jacobson, N. J. Lindquist, Rev. C. AA r . Holm, Avho died here in October, 1907, and Henry Soderholm, who is the present pastor. During Rev. Boquist ’s service, the church became too small and an addition Avas built, also a small school room. In 1900 the church AA r as repaired and improvements made at a cost of $800, and the corner lot on Sixth and AYest avenue, adjoining the church lot, Avas purchased at a cost of $750. In the fall of 1908 the church Avas moved to this lot and remodeled. A stone basement Avas built which is used for the Sunday school. The church is lighted by gas and electricity, and is heated by steam. All this Avas done at a cost of nearly $6,000. This church is one of the feAv that is free from debt. It Avas dedicated March 28, 1909, by Revs. C. A. Bjork. president of the conference, G. Anderson, Prof. K. E. Forsell, J. A. Palmquist. Of the first mem- bers only three remain, Nels Sylvander, G. F. Kjellstrom, and J. Johnson. The present membership is about 150. The present officers are: President, Gustaf SAvanson ; vice president, John Compton ; secretary, E. Boye ; treasurer, Aug. Lindstrom ; dea- cons, John Compton, A. E. Sundby, B. A. Olson. Edward Boye; trustees, John Compton, John Nord. The church has a prosper- ous Sunday school, which was organized in 1869, with G. F. Kjellstrom as the first superintendent. The present superintend- ent is B. A. Olson, Avho has held that position for twenty-six years. There is a Y. P. S. and tAvo ladies’ aid societies, a senior HISTORY OF GOODHUE CO UVl V 425 and junior. A parochial school is held a few weeks every sum- mer for the purpose of teaching the children the Swedish lan- guage. The church belongs to the Swedish Mission Covenant of America. Rev. Henry Soderholm was born in Sweden in 1866 and came to this country in 1885. He entered the Chicago Theological Seminary, graduating in the spring of 1890. He has served as pastor in three churches previous to coming to Red Wing, two in Connecticut and one in Chicago. He is married and has a family of five children. GERMAN CHURCHES. The history of the German churches of the county will be found under the head of “The Germans,” an article by Prof. F. W. Ivalfahs, which appears in this work. Rev. Christian Bender. There are probably but few names that are recalled in Red Wing with so much love and so deep a veneration as that of the Rev. Christian Bender. For nearly thirty-five years he was the leading German pastor of the county, and the older Germans remember him as the one who married them, who gave advice and help to the well, sympathy and con- solation to the afflicted, and whose voice spoke the last sad words when their loved ones were laid to their eternal rest. His influ- ence on the parishes in his charge will never be forgotten, although the real extent of the vast good he accomplished in his quiet, unostentatious way can never be fully measured. He was born in Germany September 11, 1838, and as a boy attended the public schools of his neighborhood. At the age of twenty-two years he entered the Mission College at Basel, Switzerland, and graduated in 1866. He was ordained at Wittenburg, and preached in his native country about one year. During that time he became interested in the stories of the American Northwest, and learned that there was among the pioneers from his own country a vast field for religious work. Accordingly, in 1867, he came to this country, and after a week at Minneapolis, located in Red AYing, where he at once received the appointment as pastor of St. John’s German Lutheran church, also taking charge of St. John’s church at Frontenae and Grace church at Goodhue. He died in February, 1901, and his death caused deep mourning among all denominations, all classes and all nationalities. Rev- erend Bender was married in October, 1868, to Christina Diek- hudt, born at Quincy, 111., March 7, 1850. To this union six children were born : Lyclia, Christian, Anna, Christina, Freda and Adolph. 426 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY GERMAN METHODISM. The first missionary to work among the Germans in the United States was Dr. William Nast. The territory assigned to him was the whole state of Ohio, and his salary the first year was $100. The first society was organized in Cincinnati, Ohio, and had thirty members, among whom were many who became very influential in church work in later years. Mention might be made here of Rev. Henry Nuelsen, whose son, Rev. John L. Nuelsen, D. D., was the first German to be elected a bishop of the Metho- dist church. He was elected bishop by the General Conference in May, 1908. The field of labor among the Germans was so large and promising that other missionaries were sent out, ancl soon societies were organized throughout the state of Ohio, and, follow- ing the course of immigration westward, it has expanded, till now German Methodism comprises ten general conferences, with 605 preachers and 63,500 communicants. It was about fifty-five years ago that large numbers of Ger- mans came to Minnesota in search of new homes. As there were no railroads, the majority of them settled along the Mississippi and Minnesota rivers. The pioneer preachers followed them, to preach to them the Gospel, to minister to their spiritual needs and to organize them into societies. The first preacher in Minne- sota was Jacob Haas, who, in the fall of 1850, was sent to St. Paul, and organized the first German Methodist Society in Minne- sota, and built a smaffl church. The first presiding elder was Rev. John Plank, a resident of the state of Iowa, who made a journey of four hundred miles to St. Paul and vicinity to hold communion services and quarterly conferences. Societies were organized in Minnesota before the German work became a separate branch of the Methodist church. The first preachers were members of the Upper Iowa Conference, and were organizers of some of our most prosperous societies. The work grew rapidly, and societies were formed at Winona, Red Wing, St. Paul, Stillwater, Salem, St. Anthony (now Minneapolis), Jordan, Le Suer, New Ulm, etc. It soon became evident that the work could be carried on more effectually if it were under German supervision. The General Conference therefore, in 1864, organized German conferences. The societies in Minnesota, Wisconsin, northern Iowa, and northern Illinois, including Chicago, formed the North- west German Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Eight, years later a division was made, and AVisconsin and the Chicago district were organized as the Chicago German Confer- ence. Sixteen years later another division of the Northwest German Conference was advisable. The southern part retained the old name, while the northern part Avas organized as the HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 427 Northern German Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1855 the Red Wing society was organized, with Rev. Gustav Zollman as pastor and Gottlieb Ziebrasse as local preacher; and the following persons as members : A. Koch, Fredrich and Mary Koch, AVilliam and Katherine Koch, Margeretta Koch, Lena Hoff- man, Otto Kaschube and Katherina, his wife ; Henry Banze, Fred- erich and William Siebrasse, Margeretta Siebrasse, Anna M. Sie- brasse, Herman Kalterjohn, Gottlieb Post, Anna Post, Conrad Singenstrue, Charles Ahlers, Sr., Louise Alders, and Charles Alders. Jr. After the organization of the society, and until the erection of a house of worship, their meetings were held at the residence of A. Koch. In the summer of 1856 the Red Wing town proprie- tors donated the society a lot for a church building at the corner of West avenue and Seventh street. This society has the distinc- tion of erecting the first church building in the village of Red Wing, a small frame structure 24x36 feet, which cost $400. The church was dedicated in November. 1856. by the presiding elder. Rev. Id. Roth. For many years this building served as a place of worship. It was finally sold to M. B. Lewis, who moved it up the hill to Sturtevant street, where it still stands as one of the old landmarks of Red Wing. The society then erected a new build- ing at a cost of $2,500, which was dedicated in 1892, and. with some improvements made later, is still the place of worship of the society today. A parsonage had also been built on the church lot. This was remodeled in 1902, to a large and roomy house, at a cost, of $ 1 , 000 . Besides the above described property in Red Wing, there is also a large, church at Hay Creek and one at Belvidere. The statistics not being at hand, we cannot give the details as to time ,and cost of erection. These two churches now form a part of the Red Wing circuit, and have promising congregations. For a time services were also held in Cannon Falls and Minneola, and these places, together with Belvidere, formed a separate circuit, with the pastor resident at Belvidere. Cannon Falls and Minneola, however, have been dropped, and Belvidere was restored to the Red Wing circuit. The following are the pastors, in succession, since 1855 : G. Zollman, 1855-56; Philipp Funk, 1856-58; II. Ivolbe, 1858-59; C. Hollman, 1859-61; J. G. Speekman, 1861-63; A. Lamprecht, 1863-65; II. Boetcher, 1865-67; II. Schnittker, 1867-70; C. Holl- man. 1870-72; G. Iloerger, 1872-75; Adam Mueller, 1875-76; George Hartung, 1876-79; William Schriener, 1879-82; C. F. Stroeter, 1882-84; J. C. Jahn, 1884-86; George Hartung, 1886-87: G. Raihle, 1887-89; H. Ziegler. 1889-91 ; A. Biebighauser, 1891-94; 428 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Jacob Durbahn, 1894-99; E. J. Funk, 1899-1900; C. IT Sauter, 1900-01 ; Anton Peik, 1902-04 ; H. J. Hobert, 1904-06 ; W. H. Miller, 1906-07 ; AY. F. Koerner, 1907. Sabbath schools are maintained at all three churches. The superintendent in Red AVing is Peter Tubbesing; in Play Creek, Edward Meyer, and in Belvidere, Claus Fitschen. Rev. William F. Koerner, who has pastoral charge of the German Methodist Episcopal churches at Red AVing, Belvidere and Hay Creek, is a native of Nora Spring, Iowa, born February 4, 1872, son of William and Mary (Vennekolt) Koerner, the former born in Germany and the latter in America of German parents. The father received his education in Germany and upon coming to this country located in Freeport, 111. In 1870 he en- tered the Northwest Conference as a clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal denomination, and has since continued in ministerial duties. His present location is at Reinbeck, Iowa, where he is pastor of a large church. AVilliam F. attended the public schools of Iowa, and graduated from the Charles City College^. Charles City, Iowa, in 1894. In 1901 he entered the ministry and was stationed successively at Dows, Iowa ; Schaller, Iowa, and Mason City, Iowa, after which he returned to the Charles City College and took a post-graduate course. For Uvo years he occupied a pastorate at St. Paul and in 1906 took up his present duties in this county, being a member of the Northern German confer- ence, St. Paul district. Rev. Koerner is a Republican in politics. He was married July 10, 1901, at Charles City, Iowa, to Pauline Mathews, daughter of Christopher and Elizabeth (Young) Math- ews. The father, who was a shoe dealer, died October 29, 1908.. To Rev. and Mrs. Koerner has been born one son, Allan M., No- vember 26, 1905. SWEDISH METHODIST. The Swedish Methodists have three churches in the county, at Vasa, R’ed Wing and Goodhue. The Vasa Congregation was organized in 1860, when some Methodists from Sugar Grove, Pa., immigrated there. The organi- zation consisted of twelve persons. In 1862 a church was erected, which in 1885 was replaced by a new and better one. The first minister was N. S. Ahlstrom. He remained there from 1859 to 1862. and was succeeded by P. Long, P. M. Johnson, C. F. Lind- quist. P. M. Johnson, B. Borgeson, A. Olson, J. A. Johnson, C. C. Forsberg and C. F. Graner. In 1883 Vasa was visited by J. A. Palmquist, pastor in Red Wing; later by C. J. Peterson, 1884-86; C. G. Johnson. 1886-91 ; A. J. Forsberg, 1891-93 ; C! M. Holmberg, 1893-98; J. A. Palmquist, 1898-99; 01 f Nelson, 1899-1901; K. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNI T 429 Selin, 1901-03; 0. W. Ostrom, 1903-04; C. M. Holmberg, 1904-06. In 1906 Vasa was connected with Red Wing, and L. G. Edgren became pastor, residing in Red Wing. The Goodhue Congregation was organized in 1868, when some members from Massachusetts immigrated there. The first mem- bers were Gustaf Newman and his wife, John A. Peterson, Anna Peterson, Daniel Larson and Kathrine Larson. In 1877 a church was erected a mile and a half northwest of Goodhue. It has been in connection with Vasa until recent years. Red Wing Congregation. The first Swedish Methodist minis- ter that preached in Red Wing was C. P. Lindquist, in August, 1859. Later, preachers from Vasa visited Red Wing and preached in a little chapel, which was built in 1870 on a lot belonging to C. P. Lindquist. A congregation was organized September 15, 1873, and the little chapel was used as a church until 1877, when a church was erected on the corner of East avenue and Seventh street, where it is at present standing. The following ministers have served this congregation: A. J. Wicklund, L. Dahlgren, J. A. Johnson, C. G. Nelson, O. J. Stead, C. G. Forsberg, C. Nord, J. A. Palmquist, A. A. Dahlberg, J. O. Alven, C. J. Melberg, J. A. Palmquist, J. W. Swenson, E. A. Wahlquist, and L. G. Edgren, the present pastor, who came here in 1906, and remains here when this is written. ROMAN CATHOLIC. The missionary spirit bequeathed the world, when the Savior sent the Apostles to teach all nations what He had taught them, first manifested itself in these regions in the summer of 1860. It was then that Father Hennepin, of the great Franciscan Order, passed up Lake Pepin and the Mississippi river to the falls which he named in honor of his patron, St. Anthony of Padua. More directly connected with our immediate vicinity is the arrival of the Jesuit missionaries, Fathers Guignas and DeGonor, with a French exploring and trading expedition in 1727. The French authorities were seeking a location for a fort to protect their interests, suitable for carrying on trade with the Indians. The site of the Villa Maria, near Frontenac, seemed ideal, and thereon was erected Fort Beauliarnois. A log chapel for the missionaries was built, and dedicated to St. Michael the Arch- angel, being the first Christian temple in this vast northwestern region. For a time the expectations were realized. An extensive trade in furs and Indian products was carried on. Priests minis- tered to the soldiers and traders, and reached, as best they could, the Indians who came to the post. The political changes at that period, in the old world as well as in the new, made progress in evangelizing the natives slow and 430 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY difficult. Soon the work had entirely ceased. Strife amongst the rival claimants to the new world engaged the minds and energies of men. The struggle for existence in the colonies developed strength of character, and the increasing number of inhabitants fostered the natural desire for independent nationhood, just as the passing from childhood and adolescence begets a desire for the rearing of new families. Thus came about the birth of the new republic and the severing of political ties with all outside powers, that brought out in youthful vigor and aspirations the United States of America. The extensive territory of the then Northwest offered golden opportunities to those seeking temporal gain, and an abundant spiritual harvest for those whose life’s work was to bring the Gospel of Peace and the saving means of Grace to roving inhabi- tants of this vast section. The opening of the nineteenth century turned the eyes of the nation to the upper Mississippi valley. President Jefferson, in 1805, sent Lieutenant Pike with a few sol- diers, who prepared the way for founding Fort Sniffling, in 1819. This gave greater security to the adventurous, who felt a strong attraction for the good things offered. Canadians, owing to drought and grasshoppers, drifted south from the Selkirk colony in Manitoba. Thus a twofold tide of immigration set in towards Minnesota, centering around Fort Snelling and St. Paul. In July, 1839, Bishop Loras, of Dubuque, accompanied by Father Pelamorgues, came up Lake Pepin and the Mississippi river, and found a large number of Catholics in St. Paul and the surrounding country. The bishop was enthusiastically received, and arrangements were at once made for building a church. The need of a priest who could speak the French, English and Sioux languages was imperative, and in the following year Father Galtier arrived to take charge. Rev. A. Ravoux, a young French priest, was commissioned by Bishop Loras, of Dubuque, in 1841, to visit the Sioux in Minne- sota. Accordingly, Father Ravoux entered upon his heroic mis- sion of converting the Sioux of- Lac qui Parle and Chaska. He returned to the vicinity of Mendota and St. Paul to relieve Father Galtier, while the latter was making a missionary tour among the scattered Catholics along' Lake Pepin and the Chippewa river. Father Ravoux called at Red Wing on the fifth of April, 1843, when traveling afoot to Dubuque. The great influx of Europeans, dissatisfied with conditions in their native land, made necessary the formation of the diocese of Milwaukee in 1843, and of St. Paul in 1850. The Rt. Rev. Joseph Cretin, D. D., was the first, bishop of St. Paul, the erection of which diocese Avas proposed to the Apostolic See by the Fathers of the Seventh Provincial Council of Baltimore, in 1849. Several HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 431 priests were ordained by Bishop Cretin, and administered to the faithful dispersed throughout the diocese. Priests from St. Paul and Hastings occasionally visited Red Wing, reading mass at the home of Thomas Taylor till 1859. It was at this time that Minne- sota was admitted to statehood. In 1858 Rev. Felix Tissot was given charge of the Catholics living in Wabasha and Goodhue counties, with residence in Wabasha. From the latter village the youthful missionary began regular trips through his extensive parish. The baptismal rec- ords in Wabasha bear witness of a goodly number of Catholics in Goodhue county at that time. On his visit to Red Wing, January 12, 1859, two children were baptized by Father Tissot. The Rt. Rev. Thomas L. Grace was appointed successor of Bishop Cretin in '1859. The opening of government land for set- tlers then attracted a large number of Catholics from the older states. The glowing accounts sent to Germany and Ireland by Catholics who first came induced others to follow. In conse- quence, Father Tissot ’s labors seem to have materially increased in 1860 throughout the county. The number of the faithful became too large in Red Wing for services in private houses. Lots five and six, at the corner of Fifth and Park streets, noAv occupied by St. Joseph’s school, were secured, and organization of the parish was begun. Arrangements to build a suitable church were made during the periodical visits of Father Tissot. On April 14, 1860, he baptized three in Red Wing, and on the 25tli two more. On the 26th, he baptized one in Cherry Grove, return- ing to Red Wing on the 27th to baptize another. On July 6, 1860, we find an account of his visit to Pine Island, where he adminis- tered the sacrament of baptism to twelve, whose plighted vows were faithfully observed by the Martins, Kenneclys, Doyles, Gor- mans and Keanes, the pioneers of the church in that section. In Belle Creek he placed an O’Reilly upon his record, July 10. The same day saw four added to the church in Hay Creek. Frontenac furnished three in December, Koch, Miller and Schlundt. Father Tissot, in 1861, continued to make the same rounds through the county. On April 13, 1862. Red Wing gave evidence of the need of a place of Avorship, \A r hen eleA r en Avere presented for enrollment as Christians. The folloAving interesting statistics from the records at Wabasha present to our Anew the busy life of this early mission- ary: May 1. baptized at Red Wing, 1; May 13, baptized at Pine Island, 4 ; May 14, baptized at Cherry GroA r e, 2 ; May 15, baptized at Belle Creek, 2; May 16, baptized at Red Wing, 1 : May 17, was at Wabasha. Upon his visit to Red Wing, in June, that town redeemed itself by having five for him. On his visits, which seem to liaA T e become monthly, he labored among the eA T iclently increas- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 432 ing number of Catholics by administering not only the sacrament of baptism, but all the other sacraments as well, save holy orders and confirmation. July 11, 1865, being Trinity Sunday, was indeed a red-letter day for the Catholics of Red Wing. Upon that occasion the Rt. Rev. Thomas L. Grace, assisted by Rev. L. Cailliet and Father Tissot, dedicated their new church, placing it under the patronage of St. Joseph. The right reverend bishop adminis- tered confirmation to a class of fifty-five. The rapid increase of the Catholic population rendered it impossible for Father Tissot to attend to the spiritual needs of both counties. The Rev. Chr. Joseph Knauf was appointed by Bishop Grace as pastor of Goodhue county, with residence at Red Wing. Father Knauf, with Red Wing as a center, took up the rounds to Belle Creek, Cherry Grove and Belvidere. The number of Catholics increasing with the flow of immigration, Father Stariha, now bishop of Lead, S. D., succeeded Father Knauf in June, 1872, as pastor of Red Wing and its adjoining missions. Father Stariha erected a school building in the following year, and secured as teachers three zealous School Sisters of Notre Dame, from Milwaukee. Sister Bathildis, acting as superioress, remained at St. Joseph’s until 1892. The missions in charge of Father Stariha were now too large to admit of his attending them; accordingly, Revs. C. Walter, A. Holzer and J. Meier Avere assigned as assistant priests. About this time a number of Catholic churches Avere erected throughout Goodhue county. At Belvidere and Cherry Grove stone structures Avere built. The Belle Creek Catholic church Avas erected in 1860. In 1877, the frame building of St. Joseph’s church at Red Wing having grown too small, Avas replaced by the present stone struc- ture at the corner of Sixth and Park streets. Upon the removal of the parish to the neAv church, the old structure was annexed to the school building, to furnish better accommodations for the sisters and school children. During the year 1878 Rca^. W. T. Roy tvas assigned as resident pastor of Belle Creek, with missions at Cannon Falls and Cherry Grove. In the same year Rev. John Meier, assistant to Father Stariha, was assigned as resident pastor at Belvidere. Father Stariha, relieved of the care of the missions, retained charge in Red Wing until January, 1884, when he was called by Archbishop Ireland to organize the parish of St. Francis, in the city of St. Paul. He was consecrated first bishop of Lead, S. D., in 1902, but, broken down in health, he resigned in 1909, and returned to Austria. Rev. John Meier assumed charge of the Red Wing parish upon the transfer of Father Stariha, and remained until August, 1885. The old parsonage built by Father Knauf, and located on the HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 433 school lot, being- at too great a distance, Father Meier erected a new parochial residence adjoining the church. Shortly after this he was promoted to St. Joseph’s church, Winona. He was suc- ceeded by the Rev. W. M. Stulz, who exercised pastoral care until 1889. Father Stulz was then given charge of the large church of St. Mark, Shakopee. Rev. I. Dinberg followed for a short time as pastor of St. Joseph’s, Red Wing. Rev. George Pax was next placed over this parish, and acted as pastor until September. 1890, when he was transferred to the larger and more important parish of Sleepy Eye. September 27, 1890, Rev. James H. Gaughan was transferred from St. Mary’s church, Shakopee, to St. Joseph’s church. Red Wing. Intimately connected with the church is the school and cause of education. Centuries ago, in compliance with the Savior’s mandate to teach all nations, the Apostles set out to rude and illiterate peoples, and by the sweet influence of the Gospel, won them to Christ, so that their hitherto unbridled passions were brought into submission to the Christian law. Schools were estab- lished as soon as practicable to train and develop the mind and heart. There grew up in every Christian land monasteries and convents that were schools and colleges for training the young in letters and Christian virtue. Father Stariha and the people of St. Joseph’s parish realized the need of that auxiliary for the little ones committed to their charge. Having erected the portion of the present St. Joseph’s school building, facing Park street, for a convent and two school rooms, Sister M. Bathildis and two sis- ters were secerned from the mother house of the great teaching order, the School Sisters of Notre Dame, Milwaukee, Wis. November 4, 1873, the school was formally opened after sol- emn high mass by the pastor, Rev. J. N. Stariha, assisted by a deacon and sub-deacon, and an appropriate sermon by Rev. James Trobec, of Wabasha, now bishop of St. Cloud. Ninety pupils were at once enrolled. On the completion of the new church, on Sixth and Park streets, the old church building was converted into an addition to the school, and a third schoolroom was fitted up and opened in 1878. In 1884 a special music teacher was required, and Sister M. Hildegard took charge. The work has since then been ably carried on by Sister M. Prudence, Sister M. Euthemia, Sister M. Edgar and Sister M. Illidia. The careful and judicious training given by the sisters lias done much to develop the musi- cal talent of Red Wing’s youth, and contributed not a little to the reputation enjoyed by the ladies of Red Wing for their ability to appreciate good music, and on occasions to delight others by their cultivated talents. Painting, decorating and needlework receive special attention, instruction in the latter being given to all the girls. 434 HI ST OB Y' OF GOODHUE COUNTY For eighteen years Sister M. Bathildis, so well known for her success as a teacher and rare skill in needlework, directed the schools. She was succeeded by Sister M. Capistran in 1891, Sister M. Edwardine in 1895, and Sister M. Ignatia in 1898, all cultured and brilliant women, who, with an able corps of assistants, have carried on the arduous work of training the youth of the parish. Owing to the generosity of Mrs. Anna M. Busch, the large brick residence so long the home of the Frederick Busch family, on Seventh street, was given in 1908 for the use of the sisters, and fitted up as a convent. At the same time, to accommodate the increasing number of children, a fourth room was ecpiipped, and 140 pupils enrolled. The sisters teach German and the eight usual common-school grades, preparing the children for high-school work. They endeavor also to give specific training in Christian life, that prepares for useful citizenship; to “render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.” The present community of sisters (1909) consists of Sister M. Ignatia, superioress, Sister M. Beilina, Sister M. Mildgintha, Sis- ter M. Ulidia, Sister M. Arnica, Sister M. Cuthburga, and Sister M. Alonza. The munificent gift of the Fred Busch homestead on Seventh street for school purposes opens up a still more propitious future. Arrangements are under way for the erection, next to the convent, of a $20,000 school building, with all modern con- veniences, thus adding another gem to the crown of educational institutions of Bed Wing. Belle Creek and Goodhue. As a mission in Bed Wing, Belle Creek flourished with the surrounding country. The great tem- perance, or total abstinence, movement inaugurated in Minnesota by Father Ireland, now archbishop of St. Paul, Vas early and earnestly taken up by Belle Creek parish. Fidelity to the cause of Father Mathew has made the name of Belle Creek prominent at every Catholic total abstinence state convention. Even when general apathy threatened abandonment of organized effort, the delegates from St. Columbkill’s parish were in the forefront to carry on this battle against the demon Drink. The power of per- sistent and unrelenting opposition to intemperance by the pio- neer members of the Total Abstinence Society has shown itself in the rising generation’s temperate and edifying lives. The flour- ishing community requiring greater attention than could be ren- dered by the pastor of Bed Wing, Bev. W. T. Boy was appointed first resident pastor in 1878, with Cannon Falls and Cherry Grove as missions. Rev. James O’Reilly, Rev. Hugh McDevit and Father Ansbro followed, until 1886, when Rev. Robert Fitzgerald took charge, and beside the two missions above, visited Zumbrota, holding HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 435 services in the home of Leo Shafer. During Father Fitzgerald’s pastorate was erected the imposing brick church whose lofty spire can be seen for miles. In Cannon Falls the Catholic faith, and hope of the pastor and people, blossomed into the beautiful, commodious brick church that added so much to the prospects of the progressive city. The growing communities of Belle Creek, Cannon Falls, Cherry Grove and Zumbrota, being so widely separated, made the required services too difficult for the pastor. On the arrival of Father Gaughan in Red Wing, 1890. Zumbrota was detached, and made a mission of Red Wing; later on Cherry Grove was annexed to Pine Island. After thirteen years of devoted service in Belle Creek and its missions, one of the most important country par- ishes in the diocese, Father Fitzgerald, at the request of Arch- bishop Ireland, took up the work of higher education for boys in connection with St. Thomas College, Merriam Park. Immediately upon the transfer of Father Fitzgerald, Rev. J. II. Prendergast — that pious, active, young, assistant priest of the largest parish in Minneapolis, the Immaculate Conception — was placed in charge. The zealous care of the pastor and thorough Christian spirit of the people fostered development, so that Good- hue. the thriving and ambitious burg on the Chicago & Great Western railroad, secured the beautiful home and spacious grounds of John L. Davis for a new church home. A chapel was fitted up in 1902, in which service is regularly held since the pastor was relieved of Cannon Falls. As the good mother rejoices to see her grown daughter establish a new home and fam- ily, so did the congregation and pastor of Belle Creek rejoice at the advance of Cannon Falls from a mission to an independent parish in 1905. Though greatly reduced in territory, the pastor finds much scope for the exercise of his ministry in the two places, Belle Creek and Goodhue. The thrift and religious spirit of the parish is clearly shown in its zeal for the house of God. A fine hall has been erected, and the grounds and cemetery beautified and care- fully kept, while a cement walk, lately constructed, makes Belle Creek a veritable village gem ornamenting the prairie. Belvidere. From Red Wing, Father Knauf attended other parishes in Goodhue county. Among these was Belvidere, where some thirty Catholic families bought farms. Under his direction, forty acres of land were bought and a small, frame church erected thereon, which later on, in 1877, was replaced under the pastorage of Rev. J. N. Stariha by the present stone edifice. Rev. J. M. Meier succeeded Father Stariha in 1878, and was the first resident pastor of Belvidere, and established the second Catholic 436 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY school in Goodhue county. This school, as the school in Red Wing, was also given in charge of the School Sisters of Notre Dame with Sister Norbert as its first superior. In 1884 Father Meier was appointed pastor of Red Wing, and then followed in quick succession Father J. Tori and Father Pius Schmidt. During the charge of the latter an addition to the church was built, and a commodious two-story brick residence erected. After nearly twelve years of labor in Goodhue county, Father Linberg was transferred to Winsted, where he died, in 1908, and Reverend Roemer was appointed pastor in 1901 . Finding that the old school building was inadequate to serve its purpose, he replaced it by the present two-story brick edifice, which was erected in 1902, at a cost of $13,000. The new sclioolhouse was a gracious recognition by the parish of the noble sacrifice made by the sisters when accepting the Savior’s invitation — they left all to follow Him, in the Christian education of the young. Cannon Falls. Feeling the need of more than mission service, Cannon Falls, in 1905, sprung into a parish, receiving as its first resident pastor the energetic young priest, Rev. Francis X. McDermott. At once new life and hopes took possession of the Catholics of that lively little city. Realizing that the temporal and spiritual go hand in hand, the pastor and people saw the need and the advantage of a parochial residence. With the natural reluctance and sorrow at parting from old friends, the first stone church building was torn down, and there arose on the site the present beautiful residence. The pastor, the people of the parish, as well as of the city at large, have reason to rejoice at the change wrought, for it adds materially to the beauty of the thriving and progressive city. God, who blesses the least sacrifice in His honor, quickens the faith of the cheerful, generous giver, so that it is not surprising to find that the pastor and his people of the Church of St. Pius, though small in number, are large in that strong faith and living charity that is a help and encouragement to their fellow-men. Zumbrota. The few Catholic families of Zumbrota were attended from Belle Creek and Red Wing until Rev. O. F. Rice, of Pine Island, took charge. Under his zealous and self-sacrificing administration, the generosity of the members and their friends was so aroused that, an elegant and fully equipped church was erected. It was dedicated October, 1902, with due solemnity, by Archbishop Ireland, assisted by the pastor, Father Rice, and the former attendants, Revs. R. J. Fitzgerald, J. IT. Gauglian and J. H. Prendergast. The grand outpouring from the neighboring parishes and cities was a tribute of praise to- the builders of the seventh Catholic church in Goodhue county. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 437 Note. — For the above article on the Catholic church in Goodhue county this work is indebted to the Rev. James TI. Gaughan. Pine Island. The history of this church is found elsewhere. METHODIST EPISCOPAL. The Methodist Episcopal church has ever taken a prominent position in pioneer life, and it is therefore natural that this denomination should have been well represented in this county since the earliest settlement. There are now Methodist churches, or chapels, in Red Wing, at Cannon Falls, Goodhue, Kenyon, Pine Island, Zumbrota, Featherstone, Dennison and Stanton. The Methodist Episcopal Church of Goodhue was organized in 1857, with Rev. J. G. Johnson, pastor, and Rev: T. M. Kirkpatrick, presiding elder. Services were first held in schoolhouses, after- wards in the Presbyterian church, about two miles east of Good- hue, on the Red Wing and Zumbrota road. In August, 1893, serv- ices were held in Anderson’s Hall, Goodhue, and during the sum- mer of 1895 the present church building was erected. The church was dedicated October 20, 1895. Dr. W. K. Marshall was presid- ing elder at this time, and Rev. H. J. Harpington pastor in charge. The pastors who have served from the time of organization are : J. G. Johnson, 1857-58; Samuel Spates, 1859; Meyer, 1860; Thomas Day, 1863 ; Ezra Tucker, 1864 ; Peter Akers, 1865 ; C. Hobart, 1866; G. W. Richardson, 1868; J. C. Rich, 1869; John Kerns, 1872; B. F. Kephart, 1873; Levi Gleason, 1874; C. Hobart, 1876; S. Bolles, 1879; C. II. Hobart, 1881; Ezra Tucker, 1883; L. P. Smith, 1885; J. W. Stebbins, 1889; Joseph Hall, 1892; IJ. J. Harrington, 1895; Joseph Hogg, 1896; A. L. Umpleby; G. A. Cahoon, 1898; O. W. Trast, 1904; Ralph Carlton, 1904; S. W. Kemerer, 1906; C. N. Harnrin, 1907. The parsonage was first built in the summer of 1905. The present pastor is C. N. Harnrin. Trustees: L. Johnson, C. B. Johnson, W. H. H. Bruce, H. M. Seovell, F. L. Kempf, George Tether, R. C. Arpke, A. R. Kempf; stewards, William Hope, G. R. Ericson, A. C. Kempf, L. Johnson, C. R. Johnson, A. E. Osgood, Dr. C. E. Gates; Sunday school superintendent, F. L. Kempf ; assistant superintendent, A. E. Osgood; treasurer, Zoa Parker; secretary, May Kempf; organist, Marion Seovell. Epworth League — President, Mrs. C. E. Gates.; first vice-president, Mrs. William Hope; second vice-president, Marion Seovell ; third vice-president, Effa Bruce ; fourth vice- president, May Kempf. Ladies’ Aid — President Mrs. William Hope; secretary, Mrs. Frank Kempf; treasurer, Mrs. G. B. Erricson. Rev. Ezra Tucker, one of the early Methodist clergymen, was born June 29, 1819, at Tunbridge, Vt., in which state his 438 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY parents, Ezra and Mary Ann Tucker, spent the entire span of their years. He lived as a boy in his native town, and later located successively in Sheboygan and Beaver Dam, both in the state of Wisconsin. In 1861 he was sent to Red Wing as pastor of the Methodist church and served in the pulpit tw T o years. Filled with patriotism at the opening of the Civil War, he in 1862 offered his services as chaplain, and was assigned to the 108th United States Colored Infantry, with whom he spent a year. Upon his return to Red Wing he was appointed presiding elder of the district. After several years in this capacity, he occupied the pulpit at Faribault, this state, and in 1878 went to Cannon Falls, this county, where he built a, church. He next rode a circuit for a time, and then went to Chattfield, Minn., where, under his pastorate, as at Cannon Falls, a church was built. After this work he retired and was placed on the superannuated list, occa- sionally acting as a supply pastor until his death in Red Wing, February 16, 1892. His widow still resides at Red Wing and is uoav in her eighty-eighth year. The First Methodist Episcopal Church, of Red Wing, had its real beginning in 1852, when services were held by pioneers be- lieving in the faith of that denomination. The first pastor to whom was assigned charge of the Methodist Avork of Red AYing was Rev. S. L. Leonard. He was followed by Rev. Matthew Sorin, who in the fall of 1853 is said to have officially organized a class of twenty-four members, composed of W. D. Chilson, Annie S. Chilson, Maria Sweney, Matilda Freeborn, Julia A. Bevans, Thomas J. Smith, Betsey P. Smith, Rezin Spates, Margaret Spates, Charles Spates, Mary E. Spates, Maria Sorin, Elizabeth Sorin, Emily R. Sorin, Mary Sorin, John E. Sorin, Susan Sorin, Solomon Rouse, Caroline Rouse, Edward. Rouse, Charles Rouse and E. Hoyt. During the early days Rev. C. Hobart preached a num- ber of sermons. The first pastor sent to Red Wing as a separate and independent appointment Avas ReAv Jabez Brooks in 1854. He was also principal of the preparatory department of Ham- line University. At that time the congregation only numbered twenty-two persons. During that conference year the member- ship increased to ninety-five. The pastor this year organized the Sunday school and the board of trustees. Regular services Avere first held for a little more than a year in the schoolroom of the university, in C. J. F. Smith’s store building, near the river. When the university building was completed, services com- menced and Avere held in the college chapel, until a fine edifice costing $11,000 was completed and dedicated in the summer of 1858. June 2. 1859. the tower, nearly one hundred feet in height, blew down, falling lengtlnvise, and carrying to the ground nearly the Avhole building Avith it. It AAms immediately rebuilt, at a cost HISTORY OF OOODHUE C(H XT^ 439 of .$1,400, making the entire cost of the building $12,400. In 1855 Rev. Chauncy Hobart was appointed pastor and continued in that relation for two years. In July, 1857, Rev. Peter Akers became preacher in charge, and at the close of his term, April, 1858, reported to the confer- ence 135 full members and 108 probationers. Rev. J. W. Stod- gill succeeded to the work and remained on the field until May, 1859. In May, 1859, Rev. Jabez Brooks Avas for the second timg made preacher in charge and continued in that relation until succeeded by Rev. Silas Bolles in 1860. Brother Bolles reported to the conference 157 full members and 28 probationers. The next pastor of the charge was Re\ r . Ezra Tucker, who remained two years and Avas succeeded by Rev. George W. Richardson. One year later Rev. T. M. Gossard Avas appointed to the charge. In 1865 ReA r . Cyrus Brooks began a three-year pastorate and at its close reported 211 full members and 23 probationers. The conference of 1868 made ReA r . John Kerns pastor. ReA r . T. Mc- Cleary came to the charge in 1869 and remained two years. ReA\ Ezra Lathrop . was sent to the charge by the conference in 1871; Rev. Charles GrisAvold by the conference of 1872; Rev. S. A. Winsor by the conference of 1874. The conference of 1876 ap- pointed Rev. J. H. Macomber to the field. During this pastorate the two-storv brick parsonage Avas erected at a cost of .$2,200. It is partially furnished by the congregation, which obviates the necessity of the preachers sent to the Avork from time to time moving heavy articles of furniture Avith them. In 1878 Rca\ W. C. Rice Avas appointed to the charge and continued three years. Rev. A. G. Wilson became preacher in charge in 1881 and Rev. W. S. MattheAV in 1882. Rev. William McKinley succeeded in 1883 and remained three years. Rev. Aaron Tucker came next in order and filled a three-year term. The conference of 1889 appointed ReA r . II. C. Jennings to the work. His pastorate con- tinued for free years. Rev. F. D. Newhouse followed and one year later, 1895, Rev. L. L. ITanscom became preacher in charge. In May, 1896. he Avas made presiding elder of the Marshall dis- trict of the Minnesota conference. ReA r . W. S. Cochrane Avas transferred from Tracy to fill the vacancy. ReAc J. F. Stout be- came pastor in 1897 and remained in that relation until made presiding elder of the AVinona district of the Minnesota confer- ence. The conference of 1899 appointed Rca\ John Stafford. At the conference of 1901 Rev. J. M. Drfcer began a one-year term as preacher in charge. In 1902. Rev. M. G. Shuman Avas appoint- ed pastor in charge and remained five years, and in 1907 Rev. E. H. Goodell was appointed and is still serAung. December 22, 1907, the church was destroyed by fire and a fine neAA ; stone 440 HISTORY OP GOODHUE COUNTY church is now under construction on the old site, which will be dedicated in the winter of 1909-10. Rev. Sias Bolles was born in Williamstown, Vt., September 5, 1810. In 1836 he was called to preach, and became a member of the Genessee, N. Y., conference. From there he was transferred to the Rock River, 111., conference, to which he became attached in 1840. In 1860 he came to Minnesota. He was stationed one .year at Red Wing and then a year at Winona. After that he entered the war as chaplain of a Missouri regiment and continued in the service till peace was declared. He was agent of Hamline University for a time and afterwards engaged in Bible work for three years. lie then had charge of the Red Wing and Cannon Falls circuits. After that he was at Money Creek. For about twenty years, on account of advancing age, he has been engaged in active work, leading a quiet and retired life, making his home in Red Wing, where he had a residence on South Park street. Rev. Bolles was twice married. He first married in 1840, his wife dying in 1856. He married again the same year. His second wife survived him seven years. He had three daughters, Mrs. E. FT. Wood, of West St. Paul; Mrs. H. A. Campbell, of Macales- ter, and Mrs. C. A. Robson, of this city. Charlotte Huckins Bolles was born in Ohio, September 4, 1830. Her parents Avent from New England to Ohio, which at that time was considered the Far West. She was married at the early age of sixteen years to a Mr. Darby, and lost her husband and an in- fant son before attaining her majority. In 1856 she was married in Chicago to Rev. Sias Bolles. From the organization of the W. C. T. U., Mrs. Bolles was a constant member. She attended the first meeting of the State Woman’s Suffrage Association and for several years was a member of the executive committee. She taught the Freedmen in the South when her husband was a chap- lain in the army, and for several years Avas a member of the AY. R. C. She died in October, 1908, at the home of her daughter, Mrs. C. A. Robson. The Methodist Episcopal Church of Cannon Falls was organ- ized in 1856, and erected a church in 1878. It, is now in a flour- ishing condition Avith a large congregation. The present pastor is Rev. R. J. L. McKelvey. The Methodist Episcopal Church in Pine Island is closely connected with the early history of this section of the state. Early in 1857 ReA r . J. M. Rogers formed a Methodist class in Pine Island, with William Rock as class-leader. In the same year at the annual conference, Avhich convened at Winona, July 30, Pine Island circuit is first named. Its territory is said to contain “indefinitely, more or less, the south two-thirds of the counties HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 441 of Goodhue and Wabasha, and the north half of the counties of Dodge and Olmsted, extending east to Winona county and west to near the village of Kenyon.” Rev. G. W. T. Wright was the first preacher appointed to Pine Island circuit. He found within the bounds of his circuit seven local preachers, viz. : Revs. A. E. Standish, of Mazeppa; C. McMannus and M. Woodly, of Pine Island; J. M. Gates and H. Webb, of Roscoe; N. Moon, of New Haven; S. A. Wing, south of Oronoco, and R. L. Fraser, of Bear Valley. Instead of trying to spread himself over the entire territory, Mr. Wright preached regularly at Pine Island, Roscoe, Oronoco and Center Grove, and he prepared a plan by which the other preaching places were supplied by the local preachers. He arrived on this new field of labor on Friday, September 18, 1857, and preached at Pine Island and near Roscoe the following Sun- day. “The first service was held in a log cabin on the south bank of the Zumbro, opposite the hotel.” Afterwards the dining room of the hotel and private houses were used until the school house was built, in 1858. When, after several weeks, Mr. Wright finally secured rooms in Pine Island to live in, the moving of his family is thus described by himself years afterwards : ‘ ‘ The trip from Red Wing to Pine Island, November 19 and 20, 1857, over trackless prairie, with a wife not well, and a babe sick, was the most perilous I ever made. The snow Avas deep, the wind terrible, the cold intense.” During the second year of his pastorate a wonderful religious revival swept over the community, resulting in about 130 accessions to the Methodist society. But eA r en at that early date with the opening of spring a large portion of these moved in different directions in search of neAV homes for themselves. At the annual conference of 1859 Pine Island cir- cuit Avas divided into three circuits : Greeirvvoocl, Oronoco and Pine Island. Rev. G. W. Richardson Avas appointed to Pine Is- land. He Avas succeeded in 1860 by Rev. Thos. M. Kirkpatrick, during Avhose pastorate of two years a parsonage property was bought. In 1862 Rev. Thos. P. Morse Avas appointed to the charge, and it Avas during his pastorate, in 1864, that the first church, a brick building, was erected on the lot just east of the present parsonage. In the fall of 1864, Rev. J. W. PoavcII be- came pastor. In 1865-66 Mr. PoAvell had as his associate pastor Rev. J. L. Farber. They Avere succeeded by the following pas- tors, respectively, appointed in the years indicated: Rev. Boyd Phelps, appointed in 1869; Rev. A. V. Hiscock, in 1870; Rev. AY. A\ r . Rork, in 1872; Rev. Chas. T. Barkuloo, in 1875; ReA^. .John Bernard, in 1877; ReA^. B. F. Kephart, in 1879; ReA r . Noah Lath- rop, in 1880: Rev. -J. AY. Mower, in 1882; Rca\ J. Milton Akers, in 1884; ReA r . J. AY. Raveill, in 1887 ; Rev. A. J. Roberts, in 1880; 442 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Rev. R. R. Jennison, in 1889; Rev. Israel Putnam, in 1890; Rev. J. J. Elftman, in 1891; Rev. C. J. St. Hill, in 1892. During Mr. St. Hill’s pastorate of two years the old parsonage property, which had served as a home for the preachers for over thirty years, was sold, and a new building erected on the lot directly west of the church, which constitutes the main part of the pres- ent parsonage. Rev. II. I. Pharo was placed in charge in 1894, and in 1896 he was succeeded by Rev. W. M. Gillis, whose pas- torate continued for six years. The parsonage was enlarged and improved during his pastorate into the commodious and com- fortable house it is at present. And it was during this pastorate that the old brick church, which had accommodated the society for thirty-four years, displaced by the splendid frame church now standing on the east corner of the block on which the par- sonage stands. This church stands as a monument to the tireless energy and faithful work of Mr. Gillis, and also of the liberality and loyalty of the people of the church and community. It was dedicated by Bishop Isaac Joyce on August 26, 1900. The value of this church and parsonage property is upwards of $10,000. In 1902 Rev. Herbert Jones was appointed to this charge, and he was succeeded in 1903 by Rev. R. O. Lawrason, who remained until the fall of 1906, when the present pastor, Rev. W. J. Robin- son, was placed in charge. At the time of this writing a complete list of the church officials from the beginning is not available. The present board of trustees is .as follows : T. IT. Bunn, IT. A. Castle, C. E. Hutchinson, George M. Rogers, T. S. Mellinger, C. W. Coleman, W. W. Jewell, L. L. Cornwell and Dr. C. B. McKaig. At the time of the organization of the church a Sunday school was also organized, which has continued for over half a century as a center of religious instruction and influence in the commu- nity. M. R. Hopper is at present the popular and efficient superintendent. The ladies of the church and congregation are organized into a Ladies’ Aid Society, which affords opportunity for social intercourse, and has proven a strong factor in improv- ing and keeping the church property in repair as well as con- tributing generously towards the current expenses. The officers for the year just closing are as follows: Mrs. F. A. Howard, president ; Mrs. T. LI. Bunn, vice president ; Mrs. A. Burpee, sec- retary; Mrs. LI. H. McCray, treasurer. At this writing the church in all departments is in a prosperous condition. The Methodist Episcopal Church of Zumbrota was organized in the fall of 1869 with Zumbrota, Roscoe and Goodhue as ap- pointments, being at that time in the Red "Wing district. Rev. Boyd Phelps was pastor and Rev. J. O. Rich presiding elder. Both remained in the same capacity for the following three years. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 443 In the fall of 1872, Zumbrota Avas placed in the Rochester dis- trict and with the Rev. Henry Goodsell as pastor and Re\ r . W. C. Rice as presiding elder. In 1873 plans were proposed for build- ing a church and the present edifice Avas erected in the spring of 1874 and dedicated August 2, 1874. A wing has since been added. Since the Rev. Goodsell the pastors have been as fol- 1oaa t s : 1875, H. P. Satchwell; 1877, E. R. Lathrop ; 1880, Noah Lathrop; 1880, R.. Washburn ; 1883, William B. Bowdish ; 1885, S. G. Briggs; 1886, W. L. Langrow; 1887, Joseph Hall; 1889, John Watson; 1892, W. L. Rice; 1897. W. S. Cochran; 1898, George H. Wareham; 1900, J. A. Hovis; 1902, C. E. Hawkins; 1905, E. A. Palmer; 1908, John Loavc. The church has the usual societies and is in a prosperous condition. The congregation oavus a neat parsonage in the same block AA’ith the church. CONGREGATIONAL. There are two Congregational churches in this county, one at Cannon Falls and the other at Zumbrota. First Congregational Church, Zumbrota. In April, 1857, the spring following the first settlement of the village of Zumbrota, the Rev. Charles Shedd gathered around him a few Christians and commenced preaching services in the village. This resulted in the formation of the First Congregational church, June 28, 1857, the Revs. Richard Hall, of the American Home Missionary Society, anti Charles Shedd, officiating. They took into the fel- loAvship of the church Josiah and Nancy W. Thompson, of the John Street church, LoAvell, Mass. ; Charles C. and Elizabeth D. Webster, of the Congregational church, of Canaan, N. IT. ; George and Abby R. Sanderson, of the Presbyterian church, Red Wing, Minn. Ter. ; Charles and Harriet E. Ward, of the High Street church, LoAvell, Mass. ; Albert and Lucy Ann Barrett, of the Con- gregational church, of Staffordville, Conn. ; D. Berkley and Sarah H. Goddard, of the Old South church, Worcester, Mass. ; Nathaniel Mullihen, of the Congregational church, of Brookline, Mass.; and Thomas P. Kellett, of the Methodist Episcopal church, of LoA\ r ell, Mass. The organization Avas completed September 4, 1857, by the election of Alpheus Hall, clerk; Charles Ward, treasurer; Josiah Thompson, Charles Ward and Joseph Bailey, prudential com- mittee. Later Albert Barrett Avas elected deacon for the term of one year, and Charles Ward for tAAm years. Rev. David Andrews AA r as called to the pastorate of the church July 12, 1857, commencing, his work in October and serving for one year. History made fast for the small organization, hardly a Sunday passing without seeing neAv names added to the roster 444 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY of members. The first recorded baptism was that of Anna Myra, the infant daughter of Charles and Myra W. Jewett, Sunday, November 15, 1857. At the annual meeting of January 28, 1860, the question of a permanent home was discussed and a committee consisting of Henry Blanchard, T. D. Rowell, Charles Ward and Charles C. Webster was appointed to locate a suitable site for the building. The present edifice was the result, it being erected in 1862. The building was lengthened and the vestry added during the sum- mer of 1880. In April, 1869, four lots as a parsonage site were donated by I. C. Stearns. The building was erected the next year. The Zumbrota church has been host to the Southeastern Min- nesota Conference twice — June 21, 1859, and May 23 to 25, 1882. Emily Hartwell, missionary to Poo Chow, China, is a member of this church, she having joined on confession of her faith July 7, 1867. She was at that time attending school at this place and she has never severed her connection with the church organization. The present officers are the Rev. John Hayes Barnett, pastor; Mrs. Emma P. Freeman, clerk; N. T. Wedge, treasurer; Henry Scofield, James Cram, Waiter C. Rowell and Edward P. Mahaffy, deacons, Messrs. Scofield and Cram having been elected to the office for life, as an appreciation of their faithful services ; Mrs. Henry Scofield, deaconess; and James Cram, Lewis Scofield and Prof. J. T. Puller, trustees. The church lias the following active auxiliaries : A Ladies’ Aid Society, organized during the early days of the church. Its officers are Mrs. N. T. AYedge, president; Mrs. Nora Scofield, vice-president; Mrs. Florence Mosher, secretary, and Mrs. Lettie Mclntire, treasurer. A Women’s Missionary Society, organized August 19, 1882, with Mrs. C. II. Rogers, directress ; Miss Hattie Rogers, secretary, and Miss Cornelia Chaffee, treasurer. Its work is now under the supervision of Mrs. Florence Mosher, president ; Mrs. Emma P. Freeman, vice-president; Airs. Nora M. Barnett, secretary, and Miss Nettie Barrett, treasurer. A Sunday school, with Prof. J. T. Fuller, superintendent ; Mrs. Emma F. Freeman, assistant superintendent, and Mrs. E. F. Mahaffy, secretary- treasurer. A Christian Endeavor Society, officered by Percy Ward, presi- dent; Cora AVedge, vice-president; Lawrence Mahaffy, secretary, and Blanche Scofield, treasurer. A Brotherhood, organized in November, 1908, with Lewis Scofield, president; Abel Anderson, vice-president, and S. DeFor- rest Warren, treasurer. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 445 During the fifty-two years’ work of the church it has been ministered to by pastors as follows : April, 1857, to October 1, 1857 — Rev. Charles Shedd; October, 1857, to October, 1858 — Rev. David Andrews ; September 2, 1859, to September, 1863 — Rev. Henry Willard; August 15, 1864, to August, 1866 — Rev. Edward Brown ; Benjamin A. Dean served, as stated, supply for two or three months ; March, 1867, to Sep- tember, 1868 — Rev. Charles Seccombe; September, 1868, to September, 1869 — Rev. Joseph S. Coggswell; May 15, 1870, to May 1, 1877 — Rev. Sidney H. Barteau; November 1, 1877, to May 1, 1879 — Rev. Augustus A. Joss; June 8, 1879, to fall of 1883 — - Rev. Charles H. Rogers ; December, 1883, to October, 1889 — Rev. William C. Rice; January 1, 1890, to December, 1892 — John W. Hargrave; December 1, 1893, to April 1, 1898 — Rev. James Oakey; September 25, 1898, to July 18, 1899 — Rev. S. W. Dickinson ; November 19, 1899, to December 31, 1902 — Rev. S. E. Lynd; April 15, 1903, to April 27, 1904 — Rev. C. II. McIntosh ; August 29, 1904, to September 3, 1906- — Rev. Frank G. Wilcox; October 8, 1906, to March 2, 1908 — Rev. IT. C. Todd. Rev. John Hayes Barnett; the present pastor, commenced service with the church July 15, 1908. Of the above, Rev. Joseph S. Coggswell was ordained to the ministry by a council convened in the church November 18, 1868. The council was composed of Rev. N. AY. Grover, of Mantorville ; the Rev. W. B. Dada, of Lake City; the Rev. E. P. Dada, of Rockford, 111. ; I. C. Stearns, of Zumbrota, and George AV. Allen, of Mazeppa. Rev. John Hayes Barnett, born in Bridgeton, Cumberland county, New Jersey, May 15, 1871, is the pastor of the First Con- gregational church, of Zumbrota. By the death of his father, March 22, 1872, his mother was left with the care of two boys, the elder of whom was four years of age. Their mother pre- sented them with a new father in April, 1877. They moved to Colehour, now a part of Chicago, 111., in March, 1881. In 1885 they settled in the northwest corner of Indiana, on what is now the site of Indiana Harbor. Leaving school at the age of four- teen, after having completed the grammar school course, he became car accountant and timekeeper for the George P. Benton Gravel & Sand Company. AAUien the Standard Oil Company started to erect their refinery at Whiting, Ind., he entered the pipe department of the company, remaining with them until June, 1893. In 1894 he commenced to learn the printer’s trade, using this to pay his way in the Moody Bible Institute, of Chicago, and the Ridgeville (Ind.) College, which he entered in the fall of 1897. He received his first preacher’s license in September, 1896, it being granted by the Michigan City, Indiana, Association. 446 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY He Avas sent ont as a student missionary for the American Sunday School Union, in Wisconsin, during the summer of 1897. Shortly after leaving college he became lessee and managing editor of the Whiting (Ind.) “News,” leaving this to take up the active ministry in 1901, his first charge being at Shipshewana, ind. Since then he has been pastor of the Congregational churches at Andrews, Ind.; Brightwood (Indianapolis), Ind.; Doon, Iowa, and his present charge. Ordination was conferred upon him October 23, 1903, while pastor at Andrews, Ind. His theological training, aside from five months at the Moody Institute, was secured by home study, as was the preparatory work for college. He is an active member of Typographical Union No. 1, of Indian- apolis, and while pastor in ’that city was honored by the State Association of Churches and Ministers by being elected a member and secretary of the State Association industrial committee. The Federated Ministers’ Association of the Congregational, United Brethren and Methodist Protestant churches, of that city, sent him as a fraternal delegate to the Indianapolis Central Labor Union, to study its methods and carry fraternal greetings. He commenced his labors at Zumbrota July 15, 1908. He was married July 2, 1899, at South Bend, Ind., to Nora M. Welbaum, by whom he has one daughter, Laura, born in Laporte county, Indiana, April 8, 1900. The First Congregational Church of Cannon Falls was or- ganized July 31, 1856, at the school house. Rev. R. Hall, of the American Missionary Society, conducted the first service and was assisted by J. R. Barnes. The first members were J. R. Barnes, Caroline M. Barnes, Julia Barnes, Jos. Peckham, Mark Id. Peck- ham, Charles AY. Gellett. Jane R. Gellett, Sherman Hale, Jonathan L. Clifford. Mrs. J. L. Clifford, Sidney Munson, Mrs. H. G. Mun- son, Joseph E. Chapman, Hannah A. Chapman, Levi Hillman, Mary Hillman and Mrs. Paxton. J. L. Clifford and Sherman Hale were deacons, Luther Scofield, treasurer, and H. Peckham, clerk. At a meeting held in January, 1857, S. Munson was chosen treas- ured in place of Luther Scofield, resigned. At a meeting held for that purpose, January 31, 1857, Sherman Hale, J. E. Chapman and Eli Ellsworth Avere elected trustees. April, 1862, Rev. John N. Williams was called as regular pastor, but resigned in 1864 and Rev. J. R. Barnes Avas elected in his place. March 28, 1866, the church was re-organized under the state Mav and entitled the First Congregational Church of Cannon Falls. The trustees were S. L. Chapman, AY. H. Scofield and Sherman Hale. Under the ad- ministration of these trustees a church edifice was erected and completed in 1868, in size 35x48, at a cost of $3,000. It Avas dedi- cated by the ReA r . E. S. Williams, of Northfield, January 2, 1868. September 23, 1867. Rev. E. W. Merrill was called, and chosen Charles Betciiee Memoeial Ciiapel. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 447 February 23, 1870. September 3, 1874, Rev. C. A. Ruddock be- came acting pastor, holding that position until September 3, 1877. B. Fay Mills was also pastor for a short time. In 1908 a new church building was erected on the northeast corner of Main and Third streets at a cost of about $14,000. The building is of stone and is a handsome modern structure. The present pastor is Rev. C. Vincent. PRESBYTERIAN. The First Presbyterian Church, of Red AVing, was organized January 13, 1855, by seven persons — C. J. F. Smith, O. F. Smith, AVilliam H. AVellington, J. AY Hancock, Mrs. Margaret Culbert- son, Mrs. Rachael Vandenburg and Mrs. Sarah R. Hancock. Of this number, J. AY. Hancock was the first pastor and C. J. F. Smith the first clerk and elder. The records show that in the early days this church and congregation worshiped in a carpen- ter’s shop, at another period in a dwelling, at another in a hall over a store and at another in a little brown schoolhouse, the first and only public school then in the place and in the county. In 1856 a brick church was commenced, and finished in 1857 ; this was the first church building in Red AVing and contained the first church bell in the city. After some years this original build- ing was increased about one-third in length by an addition in the rear. The statements would indicate that much sacrifice was endured in meeting the cost of this original church building, which was something near $5,000. D. C. Hill did the carpenter and mason work and was also the first janitor. The church was lighted with candles until the early sixties, when oil was intro- duced. The property of the church now consists of half a block of land, a large parsonage, a barn and the church building. The lawn surrounding all these buildings is attractive and well kept. In 1884 Martha Ilarger, upon the marriage of Rev. R. J. Service, provided the w r ays and means for repairing the par- sonage, at a cost of about $500, so as to make a pleasant place for the new bride. Mr. and Mrs. Service organized the Y. P. S. C. E. of the church in 1886. During this administration, also, money was raised to repair the interior of the old church, the church was recushioned at a cost of $300, and a new pipe organ was installed at a cost of $1,700. In 1890 the present Sunday school and prayer meeting room and the new tower were con- structed at a cost of about $10,000. In the meantime the ladies entirely renovated the parsonage. A Sunday school has been maintained throughout the existence of the church. AVhen the fiftieth anniversary was celebrated, in January, 1905, there had been 413 members admitted to the church by letter apd 601 by profession of faith, and the contributions to various objects had 448 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY amounted to $139,898. George H. Cook, who has been closely identified with the history of the church for many years, delivered at the semi-centennial a speech which embodied the foregoing facts. He closed with this appreciation of the work of some of the prominent members and workers: “I wish to mention C. J. h . Smith, who was one of the first members and who acted as trustee, elder, senior Bible class teacher, and who was always present at all the meetings ; E. W. Brooks, elder, trustee, junior Bible class teacher and a liberal contributor, who by his gentle manner and great fund of anecdotes was able to hold and mould the lives of all young people who came under his charge; D. C. Hill, for his faithfulness in attendance during nearly fifty years and for his work as officer in different departments during that time; W. II. Putman, who for years has been treasurer of the church and whose work in that office alone lias taken weeks in time in entering the Sunday collections, and who has acted as trustee, elder and adviser through all these years and never at any time has anyone heard a word against him, the things done by him for the upbuilding of the church unknown to its members being greater than the known things; Charles E. Sheldon, who for years lias sung in the choir both morning and evening and in the Sunday school at each session, and who set a high standard for the young singers who are to enter into the nest fifty years’ history of the church ; L. II. Stiles for his universal kindly ways and sympathetic manner, who seemed to know beforehand that you were in trouble and who always was at your side to give you comfort; M. B. Lewis, for his loyal, faithful service in many departments of the church and whose ministrations have been tender, loving and helpful, far beyond the knowledge of the average member. As I mention these names the list begins to grow so rapidly in my mind that I must stop at once, for to mention the helpful labors of all those whom I have known would be to lengthen this historical sketch to too great a length.” The pastors of the church have been as follows: J. W. Hancock, 1855-1861 ; P. II. Snow, 1861-1862 ; Sanford H. Smith, 1862-1866 ; J. A. Annin, 1866-1867; D. E. Wells, 1867-1873; R. F. McLaren, 1873-1879; Walter Condit, 1880-1882; Robert J. Service, 1883- 1888; Plato T. Jones, 1888-1892; J. II. Sammis, 1892-1898; Eliot H. Moore, 1899-1904; Charles D. Darling, 1905-1908; and John T. Fulton, 1908. PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL. Another pioneer church is the Protestant Episcopal. There are churches or chapels of this denomination in Belle Creek, Red Wing, Florence, Cannon Falls, Holden and Kenyon. There was formerly one in Zumbrota, which is now rented. Eight Eev. Edward E. Welles, S. T. D. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 419 Christ Church, of Red Wing, had its beginning November 17, 1855, when services were conducted by a missionary, Rev. Timothy Wilcoxsoij, an associate of James Lloyd Breck, who started the famous Associate Mission movement at the General Theological Seminary, of New York. This first service was held in a build- ing occupied as a law office by Colonel William Colvill, at the foot of Broadway, near the present site of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad station. Rev. AVilcoxson was accompanied on one of his trips, April 28, 1858, by Bishop Kemper. The record Bishop Kemper made of his visit here was that he found “a few zealous members of the church preparing to organize a parish and build a church.” The preparatory work to which the bishop referred in that record was the meeting of some citizens held in Judge E. T. Wilder’s office on Christmas day, 1857. The notice of this meeting was circulated by Judge Wilder and Dr. Hawley, and besides them there were present AY. C. Williston, Dr. W. AY. Sweney, Warren Bristol, George Wilkinson, II. C. Hoffman, AY. AY. DeKay, Judge AYeleli, Colonel AYilliam Colvill, James Ham- ilton, Ira McClenthen, AYilliam Freeborn, P. M. Wright, N. B. Bennett and Isaac Green. At the instance of Dr. Hawley a call was extended to the Rev. Edward R. Welles, then a deacon of the diocese of western New A T ork. In the following June (1858) Dr. YYelles made his first visit to the parish and held his first service in the Presbyterian church, permission having been granted by the Rev. J. AY. Hancock. At that time arrangements were made for perfecting the organization of the parish and for the return of Dr. AYelles in the early autumn, to be its pastor. On Sunday, October 3, 1858, the first service of Dr. Welles’ rectorship was held in Philleo Hall, he having in the meantime been ordained a priest by Bishop DeLancey. All the early serv- ices were held in the hall. The salary of the pastor the first year was fixed at $700 a year. No missionary aid of any kind' was ever given to this parish. During the winter the matter of building a church was thoroughly canvassed, plans were examined and a church lot secured at the head of Broadway, one-half of the lot being given by Dr. W. AY. Sweney. On June 1, 1859, the vestry entered into a contract with the Messrs. Whit- ney and McClenthen to build a church edifice for the parish. The first Episcopal visitation of the parish was on June 26, 1859, at which, in the morning, Bishop Kemper preached, and con- firmed ten persons. At 6 o’clock evening prayer was read, and directly after, the bishop, rector, wardens and vestrymen pro- ceeded with the congregation from the hall to the church lot, an event which is always referred to as the “laying of the corner- stone,” although no cornerstone, as such, was ever laid. On November 29, 1859, Bishop Whipple made his first visitation 450 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY and consecrated the new church. The entire cost of the church, church lot, furnishing's, etc., was $2,967. Of this, about $401 was contributed by friends in the East. The services in the old church, now used as a parish house, were of more than ordinary interest on the ordination of Rev. C. P. Dorset, in 1860, the con- vention services of 1861, the ordination, in 1865, of Rev. H. C Batterson to the priesthood and of Rev. S. P. Chandler to the deaconate, and the service for the first company of volunteers that .enlisted in Red Wing for the war. In the summer of 1868 it was felt that the growth of the parish made the building of a larger church edifice an absolute necessity. In the autumn of that year work was commenced on the neAv building in accord- ance with plans furnished by Henry Dudley, of New York. D. C. Hill, of this city, contracted to do the carpenter work, except the seats, the contract for which was let to E. Simmons. G. A. Carlson was given the contract for the stone work. The corner- stone was laid June 24. 1869, on which occasion, in addition to Bishop Whipple and a number of clergymen of the diocese, the Rt. Rev. Dr. Armitage, of Wisconsin, was present and made an address. The consecration of the church took place December 19. 1871. and services have been conducted there ever since. The church cost about $23,000. Its walls are twenty inches thick. The rectorship of Dr. Welles lias been the longest in the history of the parish. During the sixteen years of his residence in Red Wing, besides building up around him a strong and vigorous parish, his work reached into the surrounding towns and villages. In Wabasha, Lake City, Belle Creek, Zumbrpta, Pine Island and Frontenac parishes were organized and churches built under his supervision. His rectorship ended only with his elevation to the episcopate as bishop of Wisconsin, September 27, 1874. Bishop AYelles was succeeded as rector of Christ church by the Rev. George AY. AVatson, D. D.. who had been his friend and classmate at Hobart College. Dr. Watson’s rectorship lasted ten years. During this time the same characteristics of strong, conservative development marked the parish life as at first. Many things were added to the church in the way of substantial improve- ments. A new altar was set in the chancel, the gift of Judge E. T. Wilder. The pipe organ was placed in the church in March. 1880, and the present rectory was purchased in 1881. At the close of Dr. AA T atson's rectorship the parish was possessed of a property valued at $36,000. The parish grew steadily in com- muicants until about the year 1879, when the exodus from Red Wing began and continued so persistently that when Dr. Watson resigned, in 1885. in spite of large numbers confirmed every year, the communicants numbered 196, but six more than he found ten years before. When Dr. Watson resigned and went to Smeds- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY' 451 boro, N. J., Rev. Charles H. Plummer became rector of the parish, and. continued until September, 1889, when the condition of His wife’s health compelled him to resign. During his rector- ship the missionary society and the “Parish Messenger” came into existence. The next rector was Rev. Dr. Edwards, and from 1890 to 1892 came Rev. Edward II. Clark. The .Daughters of the King were organized under his rectorship. Mr. Clark went to the church at Redwood Falls. In October, 1892, after a short period during which the Rev. E. J. Purdy had charge of the parish, the Rev. Alfred A. Butler became rector and began a vigorous leadership. The Junior Aid Society was organized, St. Andrew’s Brotherhood was introduced into the parish, and the Sunday schools and choir reorganized and strengthened. When he resigned, in 1895, to become warden of the Seabury Divinity School, he left one of the best organized parishes in the West. The parish and community will long feel the impress of his work. In 1895 the Rev. C. C. Rollit took charge of the parish, remaining until January 31. 1901. Dr. Charles Pool then had temporary charge until August 1, 1909, when Rev. Addison Knickerbocker became rector. One of the beautiful features of the church build- ing is the Foot Memorial Chapel, erected in memory of Mrs. S. B. Foot, by her husband. Right Reverend Edward Randolph Welles, S. T. D., third bishop of Milwaukee and first rector of Christ church. Red Wing, was born January 10, 1830, at Waterloo, Seneca county, New York, second son of Gardner Welles, M. D., and Paulina Fullet Welles, the former of whom was curator of the Geneva Medical College, at Geneva, N. Y. Rev. Welles came of Puritan stock, his mother being from Massachusetts and his father from Connecticut. The subject of this sketch received his early edu- cation in the academy at Waterloo, N. Y., and after being pre- pared for the sophomore year of college, entered Hobart College, at Geneva, in 1847, graduating in 1850. After graduation he started the study of law, although convinced, probably, even at that time, that he would some day take up the ministry. He was confirmed March 7, 1852, by Bishop DeLancey, and soon afterward became a tutor in a private family at Bath, Steuben county, New York, where he was admitted as a candidate for orders, October 31, 1853. At this time he Avas studying under the direction of Rev. Dr. Wilson. In November, 1854, he took charge of a school for young ladies at Vicksburg, Miss. Tavo years later he went back to Waterloo, N. Y., and after a short visit at home became teacher in the newly-opened Deveauz Col- lege, at Suspension Bridge, N. Y., remaining from May, 1857, to September 28, 1858. During this period (December 20, 1857) he Avas admitted to the deaconate, and aside from his duties as 452 HI ST OK Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY teacher, supplied the pulpits of the churches at Lewiston, Suspen- sion Bridge and Lockport, N. Y. At the instigation of his friend, Dr. A. B. Hawley, he came to this part of the country in June, 1858, in company with his father. He held a service at Red W ing and later received a call as pastor of the newly-planned parish, which he accepted shortly after his return to Deveaux College. Bishop DeLancey ordained him priest at St. Paul’s, Waterloo, September 12, 1858, and on September 28 of the same year he left for Red \V ing, where he held his first service as rector of Christ church October 3, 1858. At once he took the preliminary steps for the organization of a parish. Such organ- ization was perfected October 26, 1858, the parish at that time numbering in its communicants but six women and one man. The story of the erection of buildings is related in the history of Christ church in this volume, in which article also appears mention of the parishes organized by Dr. Welles in the neighbor- ing towns. During the sixteen yeai’s of his administration there were 559 baptisms, 263 confirmations, and contributions made to outside purposes to the amount of $7,456.98. In 1865 Dr. AVelles was elected secretary of the diocesan council, and in 1866, when the diocese was districted, he xvas appointed by his bishop as dean of the Southern convocation. To the first of these offices he was thereafter elected, and to the other appointed, annually, as long as he remained in this diocese. In 1865, and continuously until he became a bishop, he was elected a deputy to the general convention. In 1874 he was elected bishop of Milwaukee. After many years of faithful service in that diocese he died, October 20, 1888. Grace Church of Pine Island. The first service of the church of Pine Island was held by Bishop Whipple the evening of Janu- ary 10, 1861, when he baptized three children. May 29 of the same year he held a. second service and a third on February 13, 1862, and on February 14, a special service was held, when three adults were baptized. Rev. E. R. AVelles visited Piixe Island a number of times during the year, and in 1863 Rev. P. S. Ruth took charge of Pine Island in connection with the church at Man- torville. The first service was held July 5, 1863, in the Methodist chapel, and a Sunday school was maintained. Judge Wilder, of Red Wing, donated a lot for the church and the xvoixk of erect- ing a church was commenced. The foundation, was laid and the laying of the corner stone was celebrated by Bishop Whipple, in the presence of several of the clergy, September 26, 1867. After this several of the families interested in the church moved away, the building was never erected, and later sei'viees were discontinued, Rev. Ruth was removed and only one family re- mained. In 1874 Rev. Charles E. Grover visited the place and HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 453 held his first service March 1. From that time services were continued every Sunday evening until July, when Rev. Grover was elected to the rectorship and preached his opening sermon July 5, 1874. The parish of Grace church had been organized April 21 by the election of wardens and vestrymen as follows : Senior warden, Giles Hayward; junior warden, D. E. Sawyer; vestrymen, Dr. C. Hill, Mr. Simmons, II. Ahneman, AY. E. Sear- geant, G. W. Parge, and Charles Parker. It was decided to build a church at once at a cost of $3,000, and the building was erected on the spot where the first foundation Avas laid. The corner stone Avas laid July 13, by ReA r . Welles, of Red Wing. The church building Avas begun in August and Avas so far completed that the first communion service Avas held in the church on Christmas morning. It Avas formally opened February 1, 1875. In seven months there had been thirty-nine baptisms, of Avliich eighteen Avere adults, and fourteen persons confirmed. A Sunday school had been gathered numbering over one hundred children, Avith an average attendance of sixty-nine. December 6, 1875, ReA T . Grover resigned and Rev. J. Cormvall took charge, holding his first service the fourth Sunday in Advent. He resided at Ivasson, and served two years. Rev. Robert Reed Goudy then took up the Avork, serving until July 1, 1879, when he Avas succeeded by Rcav L. F. Cole, Avho served until 1881. He was succeeded by Rev. Higgins, Avho took charge for one year; then for a number of years the pulpit Avas filled by students from the Seabury Divinity School at Faribault, the last to serve being H. S. Street- er, who gaA r e up the charge August 31, 1895. Bishop Gilbert then appointed ReA r . AY. B. Magnan, aaTlo took charge September 1. 1895. One year later he severed his connection with the mission, and September 27 ReA\ H. D. Chambers took charge of the mis- sions at Pine Island, Mazeppa and Zumbrota. In the spring of 1897 a bishop’s committee Avas appointed and they immediately built a rectory, giving their personal notes for $600, the building to be deeded to the mission Avhen paid for. ReA^. Chambers re- signed in March, 1878, to take effect June, 1898. ReA\ E. AYilson Avas then appointed, served until October 16, 1899, and Avas suc- ceeded by ReA'. Frederic Pitts, deacon, avIio remained until Au- gust 15, 1901. Frederic S. Carson, a student at Seabury Divinity school, kept up the services until November, when the archdea- con, Rev. IToupt, held services once a month until June, 1902, after which ReA-. J. S. Budlong, deacon, was appointed by Bishop Edsall. He resigned November 29, 1903. on account of failing health, and Stephen Gotdd Updyke, a student of the Seabury Di- vinity school at Faribault, took up the work. March 3, 1905, he Avas advanced to the priesthood at Seabury chapel. April 22, 454 IIISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1906, Rev. Alex. Coffin was assigned to Grace church and closed liis work with the parish May 10, 1908. On May 17, Albert Twichell was appointed. October 8 Bishop Edsall made his annual visitation to this parish. At 8 p. m. Grace church was Avell filled by a congregation of 125 people. The Rev. Charles W. Holmes, of AY est Concord, assisted Mr. Twichell in the service. Mr. Twichell presented a class of six adults for confirmation. October 9 at 9 a. m., Bishop Edsall ordained Albert Twichell to the deaconate. The candidate was presented by the Rev. Frank A. McAlwain, warden of Seabury Divinity school. A student from Seabury Divinity School took up the work as a lay reader by appointment of Bishop Edsall. The sermon was preached by the Rev. AVilliam Wilkinson, of Minneapolis; Revs. Roll i tt, Fow- ler and Holmes taking part in the service. After the ordination services, by invitation the clergy with the vestry and their wives repaired to the house of L. F. Irish, where they were entertained at a sumptuous banquet, which Avas followed by a most delight- ful social hour. On Sunday afternoon, November 15, 1908, fire caused by a defective flue broke out in the church edifice, which ruined the interior. Services Avere continued without a break in the Guild hall with a constantly groAving congregation. As soon as the matter of insurance on the church edifice Avas settled they immediately commenced the renovation of the church. In March, 1909, one Sunday before Easter, services Avere resumed in the renovated church. The pastor. Rev. Twichell, having completed his studies and examinations for priest’s orders, Avas advanced to the priesthood on Easter, April 11, 1909, by Bishop Edsall, in All Saint’s church, Minneapolis. The rectory project, which was planned before the fire, Avas again taken up and sufficient money raised by the rector to pay the purchase price of a property that Avas originally built for the rectors of the church. The latter part of August, the rector moved into the rectory after it had been thoroughly renovated. The Church of the Redeemer (Episcopal), of Cannon Falls, was the outgrowth of the labor of Timothy Wilcoxson, who walked all the way from Hastings. Minn., a distance of nineteen miles, for the purpose of preaching a sermon in a small frame house OAvnecl by William P. Tanner. This event, important in the religious annals of Cannon Falls, took place November 3, 1857. At that time there Avere but four communicants in the village of that faith : Mrs. William P. Tanner, Mrs. A. E. AYest, Miss IT. A. Love and Mrs. J. D. AAGieat. Rev. Wilcoxson continued hold- ing monthly services until September, 1865, when the Rev. S. S. Burlson, of Northfield, took charge until June 24, 1866. Febru- ary 20, 1866, a meeting Avas held at the school house, at Avhich HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 455 time it was arranged to build a stone church.. The building committee named was : J. E. Chapman, Eli Ellsworth, J. D. Wheat, J. D. Jennings and W. P. Tanner. This committee solic- ited subscriptions and bought lots 3, 4 and 5, block 34, in Cannon Falls. This building was begun on February 28, 1866. The par- ish was duly organized under the state statutes, April 16, 1866, with J. E. Chaplain and J. D. Wheat as wardens. Eli Ellsworth, W. P. Tanner, James H. Abbott and A. J. Phelps were elected vestrymen. The corner stone of the church was laid June 28. 1866, by Bishop II. B. Whipple, the Rev. S. S. Burlson assisting. The stone was laid on the northeast corner. It contained a copper box, in which was deposited a New Testament, prayer book, and the usual newspapers and specimens of coin. The edifice was completed in March, 1867. The first services were held on the last Sunday in March, 1867, Rev. S. S. Burlson officiating. The communicants at that time numbered fifteen. In February, 1867, a call Avas extended to this divine to become the rector, but he declined. Rev. G. W. Dunbar became rector on Easter day, 1867. The church was consecrated by Bishop Whipple, May 1, 1867. The cost of the edifice as reported, including lots and furniture, Avas $3,577.86, of which $300 Avas raised outside the parish. De- cember 11. 1870, ReA r . G. W. Dunbar resigned, and J. D. Wheat, a parishioner, conducted the services until June, 1872, Avlien the Rev. William John Carley became rector. He resigned in 1875 and again Mr. Wheat conducted the services until July, 1877. when ReA T . P. J. Tassell Avas called. In 1877 a rectory Avas built at a cost of $1,300. The present pastor is ReA\ T. G. Crump. BAPTIST. The First BaptisJ, church of Red Wing was organized January 21, 1855, at the home of Rev. T. R. Cressey, in a house located on Avliat is noAv Fourth street, between East avenue and Bush street. At this meeting the Rev. Cressey acted as presiding officer and W. S. GroAV was chosen secretary, the organization being per- fected under the title “First Baptist Church of Red Wing,” Avith the following charter members : W. S. Grow, Martha M. Grow, Mary A. Whelan and Cecelia A. Brown, admitted by letter, and Jeremiah and Hannah Fuller, admitted as new members. W. S. Grow Avas elected as first clerk and the Rev. Cressey called as pastor. First services were held in a district school- house located on what is noAv the corner of East aAnnue and Fourth street. In 1869 a church edifice Avas dedicated on the same property. Among the pastors folloAving Rev. Cressey were : 456 HI ST OB Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY Enos Hunger, AY. AA r . Whitcomb, AYilliam E. Stanley, E. R. Pierce, AY. S. Tucker, C. AY. Eede, J. Rounds, C. Raboteau, J. S. Festerson, L. R. Thomas, F. R. Morris and AYilliam E. Barker. Several years ago services were discontinued. In 1903 the church edifice was purchased by the Swedish Baptist people and remodeled into the present church, which the latter congregation occupies. The Baptist Church at Zumbrota had its beginning in June, 1858, when the Rev. Isaac Waldron, of Northfield, assisted by the Rev. Mr. Shephard, held services in a little board house owned by Joseph Cate. July 17, 1858, the church was organized with a membership of thirteen, and Samuel Person was the first dea- con. A church edifice, 24x36, was built in 1864. This church went out of existence many years ago. SAVEDISH BAPTIST. First Swedish Baptist Church in Red Wing was organized March 4. 1892, and consisted of the following members : Thomas ITallberg, Mrs. Anna Hallberg, Alfred Hallberg, J. A. Oman, Mrs. Matilda Oman, John Seline, Mrs. August Pehrson, Mrs. A. Johnson, Gustaf Falk, Mrs. Anna Falk, Fred Johnson, Lars P. Sandberg, Andrew Sandberg, Emil Carlson, Mrs. Hanna Alen. The first officers were: Chairman, Emil Carlson; secretary, L. P. . Sandberg; treasurer, Alfred Hallberg; deacons, Emil Carlson and Thomas Hallberg; trustees, John Seline, Fred Johnson, Emil Carlson. The Sunday school and a Ladies’ Aid Society were also organized and are still at. work. The first pastor was Rev. L. J. Walters. Following him were Rev. G. R. Anderson, Rev. Anton Nelson, Rev. J. 0. Backlund, Rev. M. Ohlin, Rev. August Nordine, and the present pastor, Rev. 0. S. Lindberg, who took charge of the church October 1, 1906. In 1893 a house and lots were purchased on the corner of Fifth and Potter streets. The house was remodeled into a church, where the services were held until the summer of 1903, when a modern church building was erected, which was dedicated September 27 of the same year. The old meeting house was again remodeled into the present parsonage. A Young People’s Society was organized in April, 1895, and now numbers thirty-one members. The present membership of the church is seventy-three, and the present officers are : Chair- man, 0. S. Lindberg; vice-chairman, G. Gustafson; secretary, AAL Stone ; treasurer, C. A. Hanson ; treasurer of the building fund, A. W. Fredine; deacons, Thomas Hallberg, G. Gustafson, John Monson; trustees, Fred Johnson, G. Gustafson and John Monson. The officers of the Sunday school are: Superintendent, Mrs. Alma Hopkins ; vice-superintendent, Ingvar Juhlin ; secre- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 457 tary, Roy Hopkins ; treasurer, Esther Pehrson. The officers of the Young People’s Society are: President, Ingvar Juhlin; vice- president, Edith Lindberg ; secretary, Charles Krantz ; treasurer, Fred Johnson, Jr. The officers of the Ladies’ Aid Society are: President, Mrs. Hannah Dahl, treasurer, Mrs. G. Gustafson. CHRISTIAN SCIENCE. Christian Science in Red Wing has had a history parallel to that in most places. On April 15, 1905, a few Christian Scientists met and held services at a private residence, Ida G. Beauford acting as first reader. On March 14, 1906, they organized tem- porarily, to be enabled to transact business. In the same month two rooms were rented in the Gladstone building, in which to hold services and open a reading room. Services were held in these rooms from March 25 until July, when, larger quarters being needed, Fraternal hall was rented for the Sunday services, the Wednesday evening meetings being held in the reading rooms. In August, 1907, Miss Beauford decided to make her home in Chicago, and Mrs. Sara E. Myers, of Ripon, Wis., was invited to read. In November, 1908, Mrs. Myers withdrew from the so- ciety and Mrs. Clara M. Palmer was elected to fill the vacancy. In March, 1909, the society was organized in conformity with the rules and by-laws of the church manual of the First Church of Christ Scientist, in Boston, Mass., with twelve charter mem- bers, as follows: Miss Grace Thoburn, first reader; Mrs. Laura Etta Purdy, second reader; Mrs. Ellen M. Schuetz, president; Mrs. Clara M. Palmer, treasurer ; Gena Thoburn, secretary ; G. AY. Allison, director; Amos Staples, director; Sybil McConnell. Mrs. Nellie Yelander, Mrs. Mary Staples, Mrs. Dora Buel, Jennie Erickson. The Sunday services at Christian Science churches consist of similar services to that of other church denominations, aside from the sermon, which in Christian Science churches con- sist in reading from the Bible and the Christian Science text book, “Science and Health, with key to the Scriptures,” by Mary Baker Eddy, and the lesson sermon is uniform throughout the world. At the reading rooms in the Gladstone building the pub- lic are always welcome. CHAPTER XXV. ANECDOTES AND ADVENTURES. Address by Judge Wilder— Office Experiences — A New Setting to an Old Tale — Pleasures of the Early Days — On Thin Ice — C. J. F. Smith’s Adventures — His Arrival — An Early Journey — Writings of the Rev. J. W. Hancock — Indians and Whisky — Difficulties of Travel — A Canoe Trip on Land — The Mys- terious Wild Girl — Oil Well in Red Wing — Coal and Gold Also Found. The employments and diversions of the early settlers are well exemplified in an address delivered before the Old Settler’s Association by Judge E. T. Wilder in January, 1883: “In May, 1856, in company with Charles Hall, father of 0. M. Hall, I left Dubuque for Minnesota. Traveling with our team, we went west to Waterloo on Cedar river, then up that stream, visiting Cedar Falls, Waverly, St. Charles, Osage and other smaller places, thence through Austin, Owatonna, Faribault, Cannon Falls and smaller places, to Red Wing. Returning from this point south, we passed Poplar Grove, Oronoco, Rochester and Decorah, to Dubuque. The incidents of this trip were not a little diversified. Hotel accommodations, even in towns, were by no means inca- pable of improvement. In this particular Red Wing was not an exception. The regulation diet was fresh pork, from shoats of the racer variety, dried apples in different forms, a decoction of the tea plant with little or no sugar, and now and then a dish of corn coffee. The only bright, sunny spot we found on the whole route was Owatonna. This trip was purely one of observation. No point pleased me as well as Red Wing, and no section equaled in promise what we saw in Goodhue county. In a feAv days I returned to Red Wing to look over the ground again, and with more care. This was about June 20. At this time I formed numerous acquaintances, prominent among whom were Judge W. II. Welch, Messrs. Phelps and Graham, J. C. Weatherby, James Lawther and Messrs. Smith, Towne & Co. Of the latter firm I then saw more of Mr. Towne than of his partners. My inter- views were mainly with him, and though long since gone to his rest, I am pleased to say that in all my intercourse with men, few 458 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 459 as strangers have ever met me with more cordiality and gentle- manly courtesy than he. The result of these investigations was a determination to remain here. I rented an office in the second story of a wooden building, then nearly completed, standing on the north side of Main street. Red Wing at that time contained a population of perhaps 600. “A few days after, I returned to Dubuque and sent A. W. Pratt forward with our office furniture, following him about July 10. I found the building before referred to completed and occupied. In the west compartment on the lower floor was the United States land office ; in the east, the hardware store of Clark & Cooper; and in front, over them, was our office. In front, over the land office, were Messrs. Smith, Towne & Co., and back of them, the law office of Murdock &' Bristol. From that office radiated many matters of practical importance to this land district. From well nigh all parts of the state came attorneys to be heard in eases of contest in the land office court. In this block were concocted the thousand and one practical jokes that contributed not a little in those days to save our people from ennui. Those who are familiar with that period in our history need not be told that our friend Pratt was the presiding genius in this department, supported by Phelps Everett as his efficient and unfailing aid. While a volume could be filled with their efforts in this field, I will only give a specimen. Messrs. Clark & Cooper had ordered and received the bell for the new Presby- terian church. It stood upon the sidewalk in front of their store ; its position was such that it could be easily rung. I had just returned from the East Avith memoranda for numerous business entries upon our books. I was seated at one side of the table in our office and Pratt at the other, making entries at my dictation. It . was a hot day in summer and the office Avindows were wide open. We had progressed Avith our Avork but a little time, when clang, clang, in full tone, went the bell ; not a single tap or two, but persistently. Of course it disturbed us. An exclamation of annoyance on my part was followed by Pratt’s quick movement to the AvindoAV to discover by whom the bell was rung, and to request its discontinuance. From him came the remark, ‘ The scamps have run ; they must be the same cubs Avho have kept the bell going for the past tAvo nights. They don’t let a fellow sleep. ’ Our Avork Avas barely resumed when the boys gave notice of their return by interruption number two, and with increased poAver. Pratt moved rapidly to the AvindoAV ; the boys Avere just disappearing around the corner. This game was kept up two or three times more. At last Pratt left his seat, saying, ‘Confound them, I Avill catch them anyway!’ Going to the closet, he produced a pitcher of Avater — the best part of a 460 HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY gallon — and taking position behind the wall, near the window, watched the movements below. Some time elapsed with no results. Meantime he stood and watched. At length came the sound of the bell with still increased volume, and simultaneously out went the contents of the pitcher, followed by the joyous outcry, ‘I hit the biggest fellow squarely in the face! I guess they’ll stop now.’ And they did. [Editors Note — In a published account of this affair, appear- ing in the Rev. Hancock’s “History of Goodhue County,” Judge Wilder has made the following annotation: “Mr. Hancock omits the point of this story. Ten years later I learned I had been ‘sold.’ Mr. Pratt, by the use of a cord, rang the bell himself. — E. T. W.”] “The first religious seiwice I attended in Red Wing was in July, 1856, in the seminary building of the Hemline University. A local preacher, not now in the city, officiated. I remember nothing of his sermon, further than that by way of illustration he presented to his congregation by a word picture a pig which, trying to force itself through a rail fence, finds itself caught so that it can move neither forward nor backward. On his way from meeting, Mr. Pratt, being in the company, suddenly stopped and with a tone and expression of anxiety said, ‘Hold on, Judge, I have to go back.’ ‘Why, what’s the matter?’ ‘Why, don’t you hear that poor pig squal ? I must go back and get him out of the fence.’ “In those days the range of amusements was limited, and sports of the field and streams had many votaries. Allow me to photograph one feature of a fishing trip and a single hunting •> trip. As soon as the ice in the river was known to be firm, parties could be seen, each with his blanket, spear and decoy, at an early morning hour, moving with dignity toward the favorite runway for the day’s sport. The language of the thermometer was ignored. Twenty or twenty-five below prevented no one from keeping a previous engagement. Reaching the designated point, the first step was to build upon the bank a big log fire, the next to cut the number of holes and then commenced the work of the day. Seated upon the ice under his blanket, with spear in one hand and the string of his decoy in the other, the sportsman would watch for his prey, until by reason of Ins cramped position his limbs uttered their protest, then join his comrades at the fire, swap yarns, roast and eat salt pork, and then again take up his spear and decoy for the second installment of what some of you would characterize as discomfort and folly. Again and again I have heard the question, ‘What pleasure can there be in this?’ If I could take one of the skeptics under my blanket and compel him to keep perfectly still, the answer would readily be given. HI ST OB Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY 461 Like a flash, like a ray of light through the clear, pellucid water, striking at the decoy as he goes under and beyond the hole, darts a twenty-pound muskalonge. The nerves respond as to a current of electricity. Now, not a motion, not a noise, not even a long breath. In a moment or two he comes moving slowly, cautiously, suspiciously back. You see the very tip of his nose as it pro- jects above the ice. In the slowest, most cautious manner pos- sible, watching everything, he moves steadily on toward the decoy, and then, when he has passed so far under the hole as to present his head and shoulders inside the wall of ice, a quick, sharp downward blow skillfully given with the suspended spear, and the fellow is yours. If in this there is not excitement, if there is not pleasure which a sportsman feels to his very finger’s ends, then the recollection is strangely at fault. “Occasionally our trips were made to points some distance away, the journeys being undertaken by teams. One trip of this sort will not readily be forgotten. The party consisted of Dr. Sweney, Prof. Wilson, Teele, Downing, Brundage, Abe Thomas, Dr. Hoyt and myself. The shoes of the team had been recently sharpened ; we drove up the river some distance and then across the island and struck the Vermilion slough at a point five or six miles above its mouth. We had in that neighborhood a good day’s sport, Mr. Downing using hook and line and catching ‘snakes,’ the balance of the company using spear and decoy, taking fish. We returned by the Vermilion slough. Moving at a good round trot, without Avarning Ave entered upon a sec- tion of ice so thin that a jet of Avater of an inch or more in height folloAved each cork of the shoes of the horses as they Avere raised from the ice in our progress, and so feeble as perceptibly to yield to the weight of the load. You may well imagine that at that moment our sleigh contained Avhite faces, pallid lips and nervous men. It was madness to stop; our only chance for safety consisted in going on and over the weak ice if possible, and this the driver instinctively appreciated. Applying the whip promptly and smartly, the team fairly fleAv until solid ice Avas reached and safety assured. For a brief period the strain was painfully intense. It Avas an experience no one of that party was ever ambitious to repeat. “In the summer of 1857 a company consisting of Mr. Going, Mr. Williston, Brown and others left Red Wing for an extended chicken hunt. In the Adeinity of Hader the troop Avas ranging over quite an area, yet within sight and hearing. Two of the company fired at a covey of chickens, and in a direction not toward, but aAvay from Mr. Going. The reports of their guns had barely reached us Avhen all eyes Avere turned to Mr. Going some distance away, who, howling in agony, was at intervals 462 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY hurling curses loud aud deep at the heads of our companions for their supposed carelessness, while he was with both hands holding up one leg, and at the same time trying to preserve his equi- librium by hopping and jumping, not quite gravely, upon the other. All feared he was seriously wounded and were at his side with the least possible delay. He was still grasping and rubbing the calf of his injured leg and obviously suffering intense pain. We placed him gently upon the ground, removed his boots and so much of his clothing as was necessary for a thorough examination, when, to our surprise as well as his, no blood, no wound, no mark, not even a scratch, could be found. Further examination disclosed the fact that a single shot had struck him on the upper lip. had passed through and lodged against the skin upon the inner surface of the lip, and that .was the extent of the injury. Two questions were asked : First, where did that one shot come from? and second, what is the nervous connection between the lip and the calf of the leg?” C. J. F. Smith, in speaking of practically the same year’s, once said: “In the month of June, 1854, I first set foot in Red Wing. I took dinner at the Red AVing House, then kept by Andrus Durand. The most striking feature of Red Wing was then, as it is now, to one approaching the place on a steamer, the bold, isolated Barn bluff. About the only thing I remember doing on my first visit here were : First, to climb to the summit of that bluff, right up to its precipitous nose, and take a view of the extended landscape, the winding river skirted with timber, the plateaus and bluffs in the distance, all together making an enchanting picture. The next thing I did was to purchase about two, or it may have been twelve, acres of land. The said land was described as being on the side of Sorin bluff and was pointed out to me by a wave of the hand while standing on Bush street, said description being apparently satisfactory to the pur- chaser who was bound to make an investment in the land of promise. Suffice it to say I have never heard where that land lay, or that the seller has so much as a shadow of a title. Yet there is no doubt of land being there on the sides of the bluff. “On my next visit I came to stay — on July 3 of the same year-shaving on board the steamboat from St. Louis a small stock of merchandise, which I persuaded the captain to leave on the upper side of the Jordan, the usual landing being a few rods below. A large number of inhabitants flocked down to the river as the boat drew to the shore. The goods were put into an unfin- ished store which stood at the foot of Broad street, near the ground now occupied by the Milwaukee depot. The doors not being yet hung, I stayed with the stuff that night, which was HISTORY OF GOODHUE COTTXTY 463 perhaps altogether unnecessary, as everybody was imbued with primitive honesty in those days. In fact everybody was bent on making money faster and easier than by stealing. The exper- ience of that first night will never fade from my memory. I had no sooner composed myself for the enjoyment of sleep on a pile of mattresses than a whole battalion of mosquitoes presented their bills in battle array, accompanied by wierd strains of music, which awoke me to the necessity of immediate fortifica- tion. So I surrounded my couch with inverted chairs, barrels and boxes, spreading over the whole a web of mosquito netting. I then crawled into my barrack, but my hope of safety was soon dispelled. My attempts at self-defense seemed to increase the energy and fierceness of the assailants ; and if only a few found their way in, the hungry cry of the ten thousand without and the possibility of all soon following suit forced me to rise, and grasp- ing the netting, scatter their ranks for a few moments. But the same attack and counter attack were enacted over and over during that longest of long nights, and I wonder to this day whether or not all the mosquitoes in the neighborhood were not notified that a fresh subject had arrived in town that day. “Our communication with the rest of the world was by the Mississippi river in the summer, but in the winter this means was cut off most effectually by the ice. True, there was a post route by the river valley, but the mail was carried by a one-horse train. The great mail route from St. Paul to Galena passed through Oronoco, out back from the river some twenty or thirty miles. Hence the necessity arose for a better road, or rather that some definite roadway should be made passable for teams to various points in the interior, which then were tributary to Red Wing for steamboat landing. To secure this desirable result, a party was formed consisting of William Colvill, Jr., who was later the hero of more dangerous expeditions, T. J. Smith, Spencer, Fellows and one or two others, with myself and a Mr. Hunt, a teamster. The only way out of Red Wing to the back country was then by the street now called Central avenue, and between- the Twin bluffs. This was the starting point for Oronoco, Featherstone, Cannon Falls, Faribault, Owatonna and other places then known. Our object in this expedition was to find the shortest practicable route to Oronoco, including a place to ford the north branch of the river Zurnbro. We were to be met by another party from the other end of the route, supposed to be as much interested as ourselves. About six miles out we struck the bend in Hay creek, and some five miles beyond, on the prairie, we passed a large burr tree, and not far from it a kind of basin, which seemed to be a receptacle for the surface water. These land- marks have since been largely obliterated. The first night we 464 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY camped on a little level spot of the prairie, near the banks of the Znmbro. On the opposite bank from our camp was an exten- sive piece of woods, which came down to the border of the river. This ford was somewhere between the two places since settled and named Zumbrota and Mazeppa. We drove the pins to our tent in a drenching rain and thunder storm. Our beds that night not being conducive to sleep, we had an early breakfast. While some were employed in grading the banks of the stream, others crossed and made an attack on such trees in the woods as would interfere with the passage of a team. We spent several days in clearing a way through these woods. Returning to Hay creek on Friday, we put up our tent near the bend. This creek had not been fished dry of trout, and as Mr. Colvill took more to the department of commissary and cook than the handling of axe, shovel and crowbar, he supplied us with a nice mess of speckled trout for dinner, while the rest of the party worked with a will upon the ravines that led down to the creek. We spent the following night tenting on that spot. My ardent friends, the mosquitoes, were plentiful and hungry. Choosing the least of two evils, we provided a smudge in an iron kettle and tried sleeping in a smoke house. It was not long before a suspicious smell of burnt leather greeted us and aroused us to the fact that we were in danger of a conflagration. One rushed out of the tent with the kettle, and on examination we found a hole burned in one of the buffalo robes the size of the bottom of the kettle. Saturday noon found us within fifteen minutes’ reach of a a dinner at Red Wing’s first class hotel. But the romance of the trip still lingered with us, till we had finished up the last delicacies of prairie chicken and trout under some shady oaks near the base of the Twin bluffs. “Some later settlers may wish to know what we found to do during the long winters and winter evenings, cut off as we were from the rest of the world. AVe had lyceums, lectures and a literary society paper instead of the opera. We had regular church services, singing schools and occasional merrymakings. The young folks enjoyed sleigh rides in primitive style. I will give a short account of one. Early in the spring of 1855, as the snow was fast melting away, one afternoon we thought it would be the last chance of the season for a sleigh ride, so a party was arranged for that evening and the girls invited. A sleighing party then meant a lot of girls and boys piled into a lumber box placed on runners. But in this case, before it was time to start it commenced to rain, and we spent some time in deciding whether to go on runners or wheels, or whether not to go at all. Finally we decided to go on wheels, and by the time Ave had got the box off the runners and back on wheels and driven around HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 465 and collected our load it was 9 o’clock and pitch dark. Dr. F. F. Iloyt and his brother Frank were holding a claim and occupying a shanty near where Mr. Danforth now lives, on the road to the county poor farm. Dr. William Brown and W. S. Grow were living with their families in shanties three-fourths of a mile beyond. The party was destined for Mr. Grow’s. We had Rev. Mr. Sorin’s team, and his hired man for driver. Coming to Hay creek bottom, we found the road and bridges submerged with at least a foot of water. We crossed one bridge safely, but when we got to where the other one ought to have been we could not find it, and our driver refused to go a step further. To go forward, to be sure, was presumptuous ; to attempt to turn around on that narrow pike was pretty certain to spill us all out into the overflowing stream ; so wp sat down there coaxing and threatening until at last the driver was induced to move on. We got safely over, went on calling at the Hoyt shanty, routed the boys up and took them aboard. When we reached the Grow and Brown places both families had retired, but after all our troubles we could not be cheated out of the expected social enjoyment. So they were all routed out, and seemed to enjoy the fun as well as we, until the wee small hours came on and the light of the moon sent us home.” Near the village of Zumbrota a difficulty in regard to land claims occurred, an incident of which is thus related in the words of C. C. Webster: “Several of the first settlers, members of the townsite company, had not only selected claims for them- selves but, as they stated, for their friends also. These proxy claims were, for a time, respected. Outsiders, however, soon found out about them. One day a load of lumber came in sight from Mazeppa. It was watched with curiosity. Presently it was unloaded on a claim selected by Dr. Perry for a friend of his, and in a brief time a shanty Avas erected. This was con- sidered a bold invasion upon the rights of the settlers. Next morning at daylight some tAventy of us, armed with axes and clubs, resolved to expel the invaders. Upon reaching the shanty a call for surrender was made and in a feAv moments the shanty Avas leveled to the ground. There was no one inside. A shout rang through the valley and the valiant heroes retired. During the day the man Avhose shanty had been demolished appeared upon the scene. At a distance he looked somewhat disconsolate and we fancied he would disappear and not return. Not so, hoAvever. The next day he returned with some companions. They seemed to carry something which looked very much like shotguns. The shanty was not again disturbed. We thought it best to bottle up our wrath and not take any chances.” HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 466 I he remainder of this chapter is devoted to writings of the Rev. J. W. Hancock. "The Red Wing Indians were generally peaceable, but occa- sionally we had a row which set the whole village in commotion. Whisky could be obtained over on the Wisconsin, side for money, blankets, or anything valuable which the Indians could spare. Moderate drinking was not their custom. They must have enough to make ‘drunk come,’ or none at all. Several of them would put their ‘mites’ together and go over and buy two or three gallons at a time, which, being brought home, was drunk up in a short time. This was followed by all the noise and quarrel- ing imaginable, and usually resulted in somebody being either killed or badly wounded. “Shortly after a roAv of this kind had taken place, and while there were a number of very sick children in the village, whom I was visiting at the time, I heard a woman cry out, ‘Now they are coming with it.’ ‘With what?’ said I. She immediately pointed to the river and answered, ‘Minni-wakan’ (spirit-water, or whisky). I saw a canoe approaching from the other shore, in which were five or six young braves, who. soon landed. I placed myself where the path led up the bank, ready to meet them. The leader carried a tin pail with a cover, holding, I should think, about two gallons. I asked what he had in the pail, and he replied ‘Minne-wakan.’ Snatching it from him, it * was the work of a moment and the contents of the pail were soaking into the ground. “Loud talk followed on both sides. I tried hard to convince them that whisky was contraband on the Minnesota side of the river and advised them not to bring over any more. After leav- ing them I understood that 'one of the braves boasted that he would bring whisky here and drink it, and defying me to spill it. “But a few days elapsed before he made the trial. The first intimation I had of it was when an Indian called at my house and wished me to come to the door. I looked out and saw the young braves coming single file, singing as they marched along. The first one carried a two-gallon jug, which he was anxious that I should notice, affirming at the same time that it was whisky. I went for him, got hold of his jug, but could not wrest it from his grasp, for the reason that he had it tied to a strong cord which passed around his neck and over one shoulder, but I managed to pull out the cork and overturn the jug, when the liquor commenced to run qut. He let go the jug and clenched me by the hair with both hands, and used me rather roughly until the whisky had all run out, as it took both my hands to keep the jug inverted while he was dragging me about. Well, I had but partially conquered. There were many witnesses and he HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 467 did not like to give up as entirely beaten, so he stretched himself out full length on the ground near the door of the mission house. I entreated him to leave and go to his wigwam. He declared that he would not. After waiting for some time for him to go voluntarily, and fearing that he might stay there all night, I took a piece of rope, and slipping it around his ankles, tied his feet together, took the other end over my shoulder and dragged him toward his home. After being drawn five or six rods he begged me to let him get up, promising that he would not trouble me any more. He threatened some after he got out of my reach, but never did me any harm. The prohibitory law was triumphant at that time.” The difficulties of going from one point to another in a country where there are neither roads nor bridges, hotels nor farm houses, are among the most formidable that first settlers have to en- counter. I started in September, 1849, alone on horseback, to go from Red Wing village to another Indian village on the Minnesota river, to attend the annual meeting of the Dakota mission. I was to follow the Mississippi river up to the mouth of the Minnesota river, and then the latter stream some eighty miles to my place of destination, which was near the place now called St. Peter. The first day I expected to reach Kaposia, which was an Indian village a little below St. Paul. Dr. T. S. William- son was the missionary stationed there, and from that point I was to have his company the remainder of the journey. There were no human habitations between Red Wing and Kaposia at that time. “The morning was warm and sultry on the day I set out. I was directed to follow ‘the trail.’ After fording Hay creek I was convinced that my horse had not been accustomed to follow an Indian trail. The marshy ground on the sides of the creek was rather soft for his weight. The grass had grown so tall that season as to hide the trail entirely in many places, and I found it the only safe way to lead my horse over the marshy ground. At the crossing of the Cannon river the same difficulty occurred. The tall grass there reached above my shoulders while I sat on my horse. Where I crossed that stream it was so deep for a short distance that the water took in the horse except his head and a part of his neck. “After reaching the high prairie between the Cannon and Vermilion rivers, and then crossing the latter without trouble, I could see a long stretch of prairie before me, and knowing there were no more rivers to cross that day, I began to feel that I should reach Kaposia in due time. Occasionally I could see plainly a mark where the Indians’ ponies had traveled, and tried 468 HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY to keep the same direction. But the sun shaded with clouds and a storm came on at about 4 o’clock. The thunder rolled and the lightning flashed. Soon the rain fell in torrents and I could no longei see the trail. The prairie grass covered it. There was a giove apparently at some distance on the left, and I made toward it. The distance was greater than I expected, but I finally reached, not a grove, but a few oak trees scattered widely apart, affording no shelter from the wind and rain. I rode on. Shower followed shower; night came on, and still it rained. Finally I reached a grove where the trees stood near together and were filled in by underbrush. It was now so dark that it was impos- sible to go further with safety. I stood there under the forest through several thunder showers, holding my horse by the bridle, waiting for morning. The ground was too wet to think of lying down, and I leaned my back against a tree and got some sleep. My horse was still near me, biting the herbage. Reconnoitering the ground, I found a path, and by a streak of light which showed where the sun was going to rise I knew the points of the com- pass. Following the path in a northwesterly direction about a mile, I should judge, I came to the village of Mendota, at that time a trading post of the American Fur Company. There I was shown a full trail that led to Kaposia, some five or six miles below on the Mississippi river. I took that trail and soon after arrived at the Kaposia mission. Both horse and rider were weary, wet and hungry, and thanks to missionary hospitality, our wants were supplied. For the remainder of the trip I had the company of those who knew the way and had experience in the methods of traveling. Many strange incidents occurred to me during that, journey, but the trials of that first day were the most severe. It was the occasion of the annual meeting of the Dakota mission. Once a year all the missionaries to that tribe Avere accustomed to meet for two or three days and consult together at one of the stations. At this meeting at Traverse des Sioux I first made acquaintance with the older missionaries and learned much of their methods of procedure. “I learned afterward that oxen were more safe and reliable for traveling through the country than a horse. The Red river trade was then carried on between the United States and Canada chiefly by means of oxen. For transportation they used two- wheeled carts, each drawn by an ox. “In the spring of 1852 I started for Lac qui Parle, the mission station among the Dakotas farthest distant from Red Wing. A young man who Avas engaged to go there to assist the mission- aries accompanied me. Having some baggage, consisting of a small cloth tent and a few blankets for night rests, some car- penter’s tools, provisions for ten days, and the mail for the HI ST OB Y OF GOODHUE COUNTS.' 469 mission families at Lac qui Parle, which had been accumulating at Fort Snelling all winter, we loaded all into an ox cart and traveled in Keel river style. We were nine days going from Traverse des Sioux to our destination, and no sign of civilization did we meet on the way. There were plenty of sloughs to cross, streams to ford and rainy days and nights to endure. Sometimes we were mired down in a marsh. But our ox was patient. He could rest a while and then use his strength again. Often did we lift at the wheels to help release them from the mud. The rains and melting snow had raised all the streams to full banks, and swimming was the last resort in order to cross some of them, which in ordinary times could easily have been forded. We came at last to what was them called the Chippeway river. This was skirted with timber and the water was flowing over the timbered bottom. We could not tell where the regular chan- nel was. It seemed to be at least three-fourths of a mile across that valley covered by a swift, rushing stream. We considered ways and means. Finding a tree in such a position as to be obtained, Ave cut it down and constructed a small raft, with sections of the trunk fastened side by side and branches spread on the top. But this raft would only carry one of us at a time. It was now near night and after crossing this stream it would be five miles to the mission, and our provisions were exhausted, or nearly so. My companion agreed to stay there with the ox and cart until another day, while I should go over on the raft and walk to the station, where we could get help. I took the satchel which contained the mail with me and placed it upon some brush near the middle of the raft, and with a pole in my hands, standing close behind the satchel, I commenced my perilous voyage. Had some hard hits against standing trees for a time, and when I reached the real bed of the river my frail vessel was carried down the stream with a rush. I could only use my pole like an oar, and I went down much faster than across, till I came to a fallen tree, the top of which was partly out of water. I tried to steer the raft around under the tree top. I caught hold of the satchel and followed the raft by clinging to the upper branches, and before it had become disen- tangled from the tree top I was on board again. I had evidently now crossed the main channel and by clinging to passing trees I made the opposite shore. Walking along up the stream till I found the track, I pursued my way through a storm of sleet, five miles, to the mission, arriving some time after dark. The next day, by means of a boat belonging at the station, my companion in travel was relieved. I remained at Lac qui Parle more than a week, hoping the waters would assuage, which was the case to some extent. 470 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY “On returning we had a yoke of oxen attached to a lumber wagon for our means of conveyance as far as Traverse des Sioux. Mission supplies were sent up to that point in boats, and to convey a load of such supplies to the mission it was necessary for this team to go down at that season, which Avas in the early part of May. I Aims entrusted with management of the team and, as I had only a light load, expected to enjoy the trip. The distance, as then traveled, between the tAvo stations was a little over one hundred miles. No human habitation, not even an Indian hut, to be seen all that distance. The streams Avere forded on this occasion without difficulty. Although the Avater Avould sometimes reach the backs of the oxen and leak into the wagon box, there Avas a solid bed for our team to Avalk on. Not so accommodating Avere many of the marshes or sloughs. When once you broke through the turf you Avent down, at least as far as legs would reach. There seemed to be no bottom. On coming to the edge of a slough it was necessary to halt and reconnoiter. It was never safe to follow any former track. There the turf would already be broken. If there could be no way found to get around, Ave ventured in and tried to keep the team upon an untrod Avay. But just at that season, before the neAv grass had started, the old turf Avas very tender and very frequently our team Avent doAvn, so as to be obliged to AvalloAV, until the wagon (narrow-rimmed AAffieels) Avould sink to the hubs, when the oxen Avould become discouraged and the Avliole concern Avould cease to move. The next thing to do Avas to “rope out. ’ ’ A strong rope sixty or seventy feet long Avas an indispensible article to carry coiled up in one corner of the Avagon box. Thanks to the more experienced, Ave Avere provided with one. “Unloose the team from the wagon and drive them ahead to a piece of firm ground, fasten the rope to the end of the tongue and the other end to the ring of the oxyoke. Noav you can, perhaps, draAV your load out of the mud.” This Avas called “roping out,” a process which I had become pretty Avell accustomed to at the end of this journey. Once Ave were so completely fast that I had to unyoke the team and let each ox get out by himself. Then I yoked them, but before I could get them to draw the Avagon out I Avas obliged to unload and carry the loading to a dry place on my shoulders. 1 took the wagon box off and the team drew it out first. Then I uncoupled the wheels, and by the strength of the oxen drew each pair out separately.” It took time and patience to travel in those days. If I remem- ber rightly, Ave Avere eleven days performing that trip, sleeping under our wagon for ten nights in succession. I could never since consider camping-out much of a pleasure. Traveling by canoes and steamboats in those days was a more comfortable mode than HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 471 by land. We could only avail ourselves of the last-named craft when we wished to go to the head of navigation on the Mississippi. For two years and a half our nearest postoffice was Point Douglas, twenty- five miles by river from Red Wing. After learning how to manage a log canoe, I could go that distance in one with pleasure. The missionaries on the upper Minnesota,- in conjunction with the Indian traders, used a large boat, carrying several tons, for transporting their goods and supplies from Fort Snelling to their several stations during the summer. In September, 1851, I had the pleasure of a trip on the boat — named Winona — on its return from Traverse des Sioux to the fort. It had been raining for a week or more, and early in the morn- ing of the day fixed upon for starting the rain was still pattering upon the roof of the mission house. By eight o’clock the storm ceased and the clouds began to disperse. Preparations were immediately made for embarkation. By nine o’clock our party were all snugly packed on board the Winona, a barge of eight tons burden. The party consisted of twenty-four persons ; nine- teen were missionaries and their children. Some were returning to their several stations at Shakopee, Oak Grove, Kaposia and Red Wing, after having attended the annual meeting. To com- plete the number were two Frenchmen, employes of the traders, and three Dakotas. For freight, we had three horses, sixteen packs of furs and a considerable quantity of baggage belonging to one of the mission families, who were on their way to visit friends in Ohio. When all were ready, farewells Avere exchanged with those left behind, and our little vessel moved out upon the bosom of the charming river. It seemed to me that nothing on earth could haAm exceeded the variety and beauty of the scenery by which Ave Avere surrounded as Ave glided down the “sky-colored water.” The dark rain clouds had disappeared, and the golclen- edged fleeces, Avhich appeared in their stead, were moving in majesty, adorning the great arcliAvav Avith their richest drapery, while sheltering the traveler ffom the too constant heat of the sun. In consequence of the great rain the banks of the river were full, and in many places oAmrflowing. No ghastly forms of uprooted trees, no shelves of dropping mud, nor bars of yelloAV sand Avere visible. EA r ery object that could be thought disagree- able Avas covered by the flowing Avaters. We sailed on. in our Avoiding course, through banks of living green. The AvilloAvs. AAffiich skirted the stream in abundance, bending under the force of the current, seemed to be bowing their heads and kissing the water, like things of intelligence expressing their gratitude for faA r ors received. Our course for that day Avas bounded for many 472 HISTOBY OF GOODHUE COUNTY miles by dense forests ; occasionally, however, we were greeted by an opening meadow, covered by tall grass. We had a view of nature unalloyed by the hand of art. Night came on at last, and it was not considered safe to continue our journey in the dark. Our barge was directed to the shore and made fast to a stately elm. After evening prayers, our cheerful company spread their blankets, some on the grassy bank, some on board the boat, and laid themselves down to rest. A little past midnight our rest was disturbed. The moon appeared above the horizon in all its bright- ness. The land sleepers were aroused and summoned on board, the line was hauled in, and the boat began again to move down the bold current. Before sunrise we were in sight of what was then called “Prairieville Station,” the village of the chief called Little Six, now Shakopee. On arriving near the mission house our boat was again tied to a tree, and all accompanied Rev. Mr. Pond to his house, where we partook of a warm breakfast, seated at a table once more. After tarrying at that place some two hours, having parted with some of our company, we reembarked and wended our way down the river. The day was fine and the views most enchanting. AVe had left the big woods, and the country was a rolling prairie, but no human habitation nor culti- vated fields were to be seen, until we came to “Oak Grove Sta- tion,” or Black Dog’s village. Here we halted, and left Rev. G. II. Pond, the missionary at that station. At about three o’clock in the afternoon we came to Mendota, the meeting of the waters of the Minnesota and the Mississippi. When Fort Snelling was described in the distance, those missionary children began to dance for joy. Having been born in an Indian village, they had only seen pictures of really civilized habitations before. Who can describe the feelings of those children on that occasion? Our bark was soon moored under the battlements of the fort, and we pursued our way homeward by other methods of conveyance. While the Dakotas were in possession we had no lack of wild fresh meat, but the advent of white hunters soon diminished the amount of game in all the region. The Indians were skillful in taking their game by stealth, instead of chasing it with hounds. They Avere careful not to kill more than necessary at one time. 1 have seen a Dakota go through the prairie grass on all fours, or rather on threes, for he held a shotgun near the ground in one hand. At a few rods distance 1 should easily have taken him to be a quadruped. He was on the track of a deer. I have the impression that a fresh sirloin steak of elk or bear, killed by an Indian, in those days was much finer than any meat I haA r e ever eaten which came from a butcher. John Day and family Avere residents of Trenton, AA r is„ for a HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 473 time previous to their coming to Red Wing. The story we now relate is told by Mr. Day, the circumstances occurring while they lived at Trenton. While seated at breakfast one morning, Mrs. Day called the attention of her husband to a large black object, which at first they thought to be a black hog, but which, on closer inspection, proved to be a bear. Day seized a gun, loaded with slugs, and fired at the bear, but the slugs fell short of the mark. The bear took to the river and made for the Minnesota shore, leaving Mr. Day standing disappointedly watching his movements. While thus engaged, a splashing of the water near attracted his notice, and looking in the direction he saw his wife coming towards him with a small skiff. As soon as she discovered that her husband had missed his aim, and that the bear had taken to the water, with a woman’s forethought, she caught up an axe, and, hurry- ing to the skiff, unmoored it, and started to the aid of her hus- band, determined that the bear should not escape. As soon as the skiff touched the shore Mr. Day jumped in, and, following Bruin’s wake, succeeded in heading him off and turning him towards the Wisconsin shore. When nearly opposite his home, Mr. Day man- aged to get near enough to his game to use the axe. A short and desperate struggle ensued, resulting in victory for Day. The bear was towed to the shore, and found to weigh 400 pounds. Mr. Day was much praised by the Indians for his daring and prowess. They forgot that the credit for the success of the adventure belonged to Mrs. Day. Had it not been for her forethought, in taking the axe and canoe when she did, her husband would have stood there looking until the bear had crossed the river, and made his escape. Mrs. Day was an example of the kind of stuff many of Minnesota’s pioneer women were made of. The Dakotas of Red Wing used log canoes for navigating the rivers. It required some skill to manage such a craft in the water. My first experience in canoe traveling was rather ludicrous. Being at the landing one day. when a man and boy were about to launch one of these vessels for a hunting excursion, I asked the privilege of a ride with them, which was readily granted. As I attempted to board the thing, it slipped from me so quickly that I came near falling into the stream, but the man and boy held the canoe, so that I succeeded in the next attempt. We had not gone far up the stream, keeping along near the shore, when I noticed the water Avas not very deep, and having a long stick in my hand, which I had been using for a staff, I thought I might increase the speed and help the rowers. I put my stick over the side, touched the bottom, and gaA^e a good push. The stick stuck in the muddy bottom, and when I pulled to get it out, quick, almost as lightning, the boat rolled OA^er, and all three Avere 474 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY ducked head foremost into the water. When I regained a stand- ing position the two Indians were fishing for their guns and powder horns from the river bottom. We soon secured all the lost baggage, as the water was not more than three feet deep where the catastrophe occurred. It was fortunate for me that I had but little acquaintance with the language at that time. So the scathing rebuke which was given did not arouse my indigna- tion. Acknowledging my ignorance, 1 promised to keep still in the future, and after wringing some of the water from our gar- ments, we embarked again, and finished the trip without further accident. After this I learned very soon how to paddle the canoe, and frequently took short journeys in one. The same vehicle could be, and was sometimes, used for traveling on land. On the Fourth of July, 1852, Ave celebreated the day by an excursion down to the head of the lake, A'isiting Avith the trader, Mr. Bullard, and family, at that place. The party consisted of John Bush, Indian farmer, his wife, myself, wife, and one child. Mr. Bush considered that it would be easier to take a team and go by land than to go on the river. A large canoe was brought into requisition. The oxen were hitched to one end by a log chain. We took four seats on quilts in the canoe. Mr. Bush, driving the oxen, walked by their side. The Avild grass being quite tall and thick, the canoe glided along Avhere the ground was level like a sleigh 0 A r er the snow. But in many places the land was uneven. The oxen seemed in good spirits, and Avalked rather lively. Frequently the canoe struck a 'stone or a sideling place, and Ave Avere immediately turned out. These turnovers Avere often, and gave us great merriment. We Avere thrown out at different times, and found ourselves in all sorts of positions imaginable. Mr. Bush protested that he tried to find the smooth- est places, but I rather suspect his honesty. We accomplished the trip, however, had a good time, and returned in the evening with the same consequences of turning over — and fun. That twelve miles of riding in a canoe by land Avas the most laughable experience of my life. The Dakotas Avere a kind people to those who Avere friendly and kind to them. During several years’ residence among them Ave had no difficulty with them. Early in the spring of 1851 a new scholar came to our school Avith the other children. Her appearance being somewhat strange, Ave called her the Avild girl. It Avas nothing uncommon for boys and girls to go from one village to another, to stay a month or so, and return again to their parents. The severity of parental dis- cipline, I think, was often the occasion of such wandering. To have a new scholar, some fourteen or fifteen years of age, make appearance at the school Avas therefore no matter for Avonder. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 475 But this one was somewhat peculiar in her manner, and attracted attention. There was a wild look in her eyes, and though in girl’s dress, her hair had been cut off in front like an Indian boy’s hair. She appeared very anxious to learn to read, applying herself with an unusual ardor, but would not say anything about her true resi- dence and former history. The other children could tell us noth- ing about whence she came. 1 think she was here about two months or more. Her departure was as unexpected as her coming. It was but a short time after the wild girl left that the follow- ing account appeared in the St. Paul “Pioneer”: “In the spring of 1850, at one of the villages on the Minnesota river, a young girl, fourteen years of age, shot another girl, with whom she was quarreling. The deceased was the daughter of a sullen man named Black "Whistle. The affrighted girl, after she had fired the gun, fled to the trader’s house, and was by him aided to make her escape down to Wabasha’s village. While stopping at Red Wing’s village, some hundred miles from where the deed was com- mitted, the incensed father overtook her. His first plan was to carry her home and sacrifice her at his daughter’s burial scaffold; but, through the influence of some advisors, he changed his plan, and resolved to make her his slave, or his wife. For some time she endured what to her was a living death, and one night she suddenly disappeared. “Not many days after there appeared at Good Road’s village a young Indian boy, stating that he was a Sissetonwan just arrived from the plains. He was well received, no one dreaming that he was the fugitive Indian maiden. “While in this disguise she went out one day to spear fish, when her enemy, the revengeful father of the girl she had shot, met her and recognized her. He avowed his intention to kill her. She very coolly assented to the justice of what he said, and left. She next appeared at Kaposia, Little Crow’s village. Here she passed herself off as a Winnebago orphan, in which disguise she succeeded for a time. Her sex being suspected, she was again obliged to seek for safety by flight, and took up her abode at Red Wing’s village, where she dressed like other maidens, and attended the mission school.” The subsequent history of the girl is not known to anyone now living. On the Wisconsin side, in the early days, there lived a man named Hawley, who had no family with him. He lived in a shanty, alone. He was a cripple, one leg bent almost double at the knee, and yet could walk about tolerably well. He seemed to be holding a claim and trading with woodchoppers, but deriving most of his income from the sale of whiskey to the Indians. Some of the latter, having returned and encamped near the mouth of 476 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Spring creek in the summer of 1854, were accustomed to visit Hawley’s shanty. One day they had a quarrel with him, in regard to some bargains, in which he had deceived them. He ordered them to leave his premises, but they refused, and continued to annoy him, till, in anger, he shot at them, and wounded one of them so that he soon after died. There was now a great outcry in the Indian camp. Every white person who came near was threat- ened and ordered away. People were under the impression that revenge was meditated upon somebody. Hawley had fortified his shanty with loaded rifles. It was reported that he threatened to shoot the first man who came to take him. The few settlers in Red Wing, Burnside and Yasa were very much alarmed. The alarm almost created a stampede. A deputation, consisting of Dr. AY. AY. Sweney, Lawyer P. Sandford, and the writer, all being well known by the Indians, visited their camp to make peace, if possible. AYe were kindly received, and after a short talk, were convinced that they did not intend to injure any one except Hawley. Whatever became of him we do not know. It was reported that his shanty was deserted very soon after. The Indians watched him day and night, and he was probably killed in his last attempt to make his escape. Early in March, 1866, the regular weekly papers contained notices headed “Oil Well in Red AALng!” “Steady Flow of Petro- leum!” “A Joint Stock Company Organized.” etc. The facts of the case were that a party of men had been engaged in digging for water for household purposes in the eastern part of the vil- lage, between Barn and Sorin bluffs. They found water twenty feet below the surface, but not sufficient in quantity for the pur- poses required. Consequently, they continued to dig deeper. The next morning, after having found water, they commenced dipping out that which had run in during the night. Immediately the strong odor of petroleum was realized, but they kept on digging. And the next morning the same thing happened. There was clear evidence of oil on the water before it was stirred. A portion was saved for visitors to smell of during the day. Every morning, for several days in succession, some signs of oil were apparent in the water drawn out of that well. A joint stock company was actually organized. The stock was all taken, officers chosen, and the operations commenced. There were some doubting Thomases, however, who would wait for .a clearer view. Soon after the news had gone abroad in the papers under the headline “Steady Flow of Petroleum in East Red AVing, ” and almost everybody seemed to have oil on the brain, the doubters set a watch over the famous Avell during the dark and black night. And when the stillness of midnight had settled down upon all HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 477 around, behold ! the soft light of an old-fashioned lantern drew gently near the month of the well. The watchers soon seized hold of the midnight light-bearer, and found in his possession a tin can of kerosene oil! It is hardly necessary to add that the Red Wing Oil Company’s office was closed very soon. The expenses of the company had amounted to only about twenty-five dollars when the business wound up. There was a short paragraph in the papers the following week headed, “The Oil Well a Sqll!” which gave the report of the night watchmen. So soon after the discovery of gold in California, and the oil wells of Pennsylvania were beginning to yield so abundantly of the means for artificial light, it would not be considered at all strange if the first-comers into a new region should be constantly looking for something beneath the soil to encourage their hope of a future fortune. And such was acutally the case among the early settlers in this county. Many times it was announced in the Red Wing papers that some farmer had found strong indications of coal on his place. Digging for the precious fuel was often resorted to, but it invariably ended in disappointment. Some men discovered gold dust among the sand which had been thrown out of an excava- tion made for a fence post in Red Wing at one time, which raised excitement enough to help up the price of real estate. At another time gold was discovered in the south part of the county on the Zumbro river. The bed of that stream was considered, for a few days, a rich find. About a bushel of the yellow sand was brought in to Red Wing, to be washed and tested as to its value and purity. The test proved that gold was actually found, but not in paying quantities. CHAPTER XXVI. OFFICERS AND POPULATION. List of Men Who Have Represented Goodhue County at St. Paul Since Territorial Days — List of County Officers — Men From This County Who Have Occupied Positions of Higher Trust and Honor — Population of the County by Nationality, and Occupation, With List of Growth Since the Earliest Census. On July 17, 1849, Alexander Ramsey, by proclamation, fixed the council districts for the Territory of Minnesota, which had not then been divided into counties. The St. Croix precinct of St. Croix county, and the settlements on the west bank of the Mis- sissippi, south of Crow village to the Iowa line, was constituted the First district. This included Goodhue county. 1849 — The First Legislature assembled September 3, and adjourned November 1. The First district was represented by James S. Norris, of Cottage Grove, in the counil; John A. Furber of Cottage Grove, and James Wells in the house. Wells was from Goodhue county. 1851 — The Second Legislature assembled January 1, and adjourned March 31. The First district was represented by James S. Norris in the council; John A. Ford, of Red Rock, and James AVells in the house. 1852 — The Third Legislature. By the apportionment of 1851, the territory having been divided into counties, the counties of Wabasha and Washington, and precincts of St. Paul and Little Canada, constituted the Fourth district. This included Goodhue county. The legislature assembled January 3, and adjourned March 6. The Fourth district was represented by Lorenzo A. Babcock, of St. Paul in the council, and Fordyce Richards, a Lake Pepin trader, in the house. 1853 — The Fourth Legislature assembled January 5, and adjourned March 5. The Fourth district was represented by L. A. Babcock in the council, and James AVells in the house. 1854 — The Fifth Legislature assembled January 4, and adjourned March 4. The Fourth district was represented by William Freeborn in the council, and 0. M. Lord in the house. 478 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 479 1855 — The Sixth Legislature assembled January 3, and adjourned March 3. The Fourth district was represented by William Freeborn in the council, and Clark W. Thompson in the house. 1856 — The Seventh Legislature. By the apportionment of 1855, Goodhue, Dodge and Freeborn counties constituted the Fourth district. The legislature was assembled January 2, and adjourned March 1. The Fourth district was represented by William Freeborn in the council, and Charles Gardner and J. B. IJubbell in the house. 1857 — The Eighth Legislature assembled January 7, and adjourned March 7. The Fourth district was represented by William Freeborn in the council, Nelson Payne and AY. AY. Sweney in the house. Under the enabling act of congress, approved March 3, 1857, a constitutional convention of 108 members (each council district to elect two for each councilman and representative it was entitled to) was authorized to meet at the capital on the second Monday in July, to frame a state constitution, arid submit it to the people of the territory. The election was held on the first Monday in June. On July 13 the delegates met, but a disagree- ment arising in the organization, the Republican members organ- ized one body, and the Democratic members organized separately. Each of these bodies, claiming to be the legal constitutional con- vention, proceeded with the work of forming an instrument to be submitted to the people. After some days, an understanding was effected between them, and by means of committees of confer- ence, the same constitution was framed and adopted by both bodies. On being submitted to the people, October 13, it was ratified. The Fourth district was represented in the Republican wing by Charles McClure, Aaron C. Hudson, George AVatson, Frank Mantor and Joseph Peckman. The member from this district in the Democratic wing was Edwin C. Stacy. 1857 — First Legislature. By the apportionment of 1857, Good- hue county was constituted the Sixth district. The legislature assembled December 2, 1857. On March 25, 1858, it took a recess until June 2. and finally adjourned August 12. The Goodhue county representatives were Aaron G. Hudson in the senate, and Henry L. Bevans, Joseph Peckham, C. AY. Libbey and Hans Hanson, Jr., in the house. 1859 — Second Legislature. Assembled December 7, 1859, and adjourned March 12, 1860. Goodhue county representatives were R. N. Maclaren in the senate, and Lewis H. Garrard, I. C. Stearns, R. II. Ivnox and L. K. Aaker in the house. 1861— Third Legislature. By the apportionment of 1860, 480 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Goodhue county was constituted the Ninth district. The legisla- ture assembled January 8, and adjourned March 8. The Goodhue county representatives were R. N. McLean in the senate, and J. E. Chapman and C. R. White in the house. 1862 — Fourth Legislature. Assembled January 7, and adjourned March 7. Goodhue county representatives were Charles McClure in the senate, and J. A. Thacher and L. K. Aaker in the house. On account of the Indian outbreak in 1862, an extra session was called by the governor, which assembled Sep- tember 9, and adjourned September 29. 1863 — Fifth Legislature. Assembled January 6, and adjourned March 6. Goodhue county representatives were Charles McClure in the senate, and J. A. Thacher and A. Hilton in the house. 1864 — Sixth Legislature. Assembled January 5, and adjourned March 4. The Goodhue county representatives, from the Ninth district, were J. A. Thacher in the senate, and S. S. Grannis and J. M. Gates in the house. 1865 — Seventh Legislature. Assembled January 3, and adjourned March 3. The Goodhue representatives were J. A. Thacher in the senate, and J. B. Locke and William Colville, Jr., in the house. 1862 — The Eighth Legislature assembled January 2, and adjourned March 2. The Goodhue county representatives were J. A. Thacher in the senate, and Sylvester Dickey and AYarren Bristol in the house. 1867— — Ninth Legislature. By the apportionment of 1866, Goodhue county was constituted the Ninth district. The legisla- ture assembled January 8, and adjourned March 8. The Good- hue representatives were Warren Bristol in the senate, and L. K. Aaker, J. F. Mitchell and R. B. Wilson in the house. 1868 — The Tenth Legislature assembled January 7, and adjourned March 6. Goodhue county representatives were : AYar- ren Bristol in the senate, E. C. Comstock, K. Iv. Finseth and J. F. Pingrey in the house.' 1869 — The Eleventh Legislature assembled January 5, and adjourned March 5. Goodhue county representatives were War- ren Bristol in the senate, L. Iv. Aaker, A. J. Grover and C. C. AVebster in the house. 1870 — The Twelfth Legislature assembled January 4, and adjourned March 4. Goodhue county representatives were Charles Hill in the senate, John Miller, Orrin Densmore and Giles Slocum in the house. 1871 — The Thirteenth Legislature assembled January 8, and adjourned March 3. Goodhue county representatives were HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 481 Charles Hill in the senate, Orin Densmore, T. G. Pearson and A. P. Jackson in the house. 1872 — Fourteenth Legislature. By the apportionment of 1871, Goodhue county was constituted the Sixteenth and Seventeenth districts. The legislature assembled January 2, and adjourned March 1. The Goodhue county representatives were: Sixteenth District — Lucius Hubbard in the senate, J. C. Pierce and J. Fin- ney in the house. Seventeenth District — Giles Slocum, in the senate, T. P. Kellett, G. K. Norsving and John Stanton in the house. 1873 — The Fifteenth Legislature assembled January 7, and adjourned March 7. Goodhue county representatives, were : Sixteenth District — L. F. Hubbard in the senate, AY. C. Williston and H. F. Armstrong in the house. Seventeenth District — John AY. Peterson in the senate, T. P. Kellett, G. K. Norsving and Arthur Flom in the house. 1874 — The Sixteenth Legislature assembled January 6, and adjourned March 6. Goodhue county representatives were: Sixteenth District — L. F. Hubbard in the senate, AY. C. AYilliston and Leland Jones in the house. Seventeenth District — J. AY. Peterson in the senate, C. R. AVliite, N. J. Ottun and John Stanton in the house. 1875 — The Seventeenth Legislature assembled January 5, and adjourned March. 5. Goodhue county representatives were : Sixteenth District — L. F. Hubbard in the senate, Robert Deakin and Rudolph Kruger in the house. 1876 — The Eighteenth Legislature assembled January 4, and adjourned March 3. Goodhue county representatives were : Sixteenth District — AY. C. AYilliston in the senate, Charles R. Brink and Rudolph Kruger in the house. Seventeenth District — A. K. Finseth in the senate, Gustavus AYestman, Ole P. ILuleback and B. C. Grover in the house. 1877 — The Nineteenth Legislature assembled January 2, and adjourned March 2. Goodhue county representatives were: Sixteenth District — AY. C. AYilliston in the senate, Jonathan Fin- ney and FI. B. AAulson in the house. Seventeenth District — A. K. Finseth in the senate, B. C. Grover, 0. P. Iluleback and T. G. Pearson in the house. 1878 — The Twentieth Legislature assembled January 8, and adjourned March 8. Goodhue county, representatives were : Sixteenth District — J. C. McClure in the senate. AYilliam Colvill and N. C. Crandall in the house. Seventeenth District — A. K. Finseth in the senate, S. C. AA 7 ickey, P. N. Langemo and S. C. Holland in the house. 1879 — The Twenty-first Legislature assembled January 7. and adjourned March 7. Goodhue county representatives were : 482 HI ST OK Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY Sixteenth District — H. B. Wilson in the senate, C. B. Brink and Perry George in the house. Seventeenth District — J. A. Tliacher in the senate, S. C. Holland, N. P. Langemo and J. A. Bowman in the house. 1881 — The Twenty-second Legislature assembled January 4, and adjourned March 4. Goodhue county representatives were: Sixteenth District — H. B. Wilson in the senate, F. AY. Hoyt and F. Tether in the house. Seventeenth District — F. J. Johnson in the senate, II. P. Iluleback, A. A. Flom and C. Hill in the house. An extra session was called for the purpose of considering the legislation at the regular session relating to the state railroad bonds, which was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. The session commenced October 11, and closed Novem- ber 13. 1883 — Twenty-third Legislature. By the apportionment of 1881, Goodhue county was constituted the Twenty-first and Twenty-second districts. The legislature assembled January 2, and adjourned March 2. Goodhue county representatives were : Twenty-first District — F. I. Johnson in the senate, IT. P. Hule- back and M. Doyle in the house. Twenty-second District — M. S. Chandler in the senate, G. P. Sidener in the house. 1885 — The Twenty-fourth Legislature assembled January 6, and adjourned March 6. Goodhue county representatives were: Twenty-first District — F. 1. Johnson in the senate, 0. K. Naeseth and S. C. Holland in the house. Twenty-second District — 0. M. Hall in the senate, J. AY. Peterson in the house. 1887 — The Twenty-fifth Legislature assembled January 4, and adjourned March 4. Goodhue 'county representatives were : Twenty-first District — A. K. Finset.li in the senate, O. K. Naeseth and 0. Nordvold in the house. Twenty-second District — Peter Nelson in the senate, J. G. Anderson in the house. 1889 — The Twenty-sixth Legislature assembled January 8, and adjourned April 23. Goodhue county representatives were : Twenty-first District — A. K. Finseth in the senate, AA T . E. Poe and S. B. Barteau in the house. Twenty-second District — Peter Nel- son in the senate, F. AV. Hoyt in the house. 1891 — Twenty-seventh Legislature. By the apportionment of 1889, Goodhue county was constituted the Twenty-first district. The legislature assembled January 6, and adjourned April 20. Goodhue county representatives were J. AY. Peterson in the sen- ate, William F. Cross, M. Doyle and Ole 0. Iluset in the house. 1893 — The Twenty-eighth Legislature assembled January 3, and adjourned April 18. Goodhue county representatives were J. AY. Peterson in the senate, James L. Scofield, John IT. Boxrud and Frank M. Wilson in the house. 1895 — The Twenty-ninth Legislature assembled January 8, HI ST OK Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY 483 and adjourned April 3. Goodhue county representatives were 0. J. Wing in the senate, J. H. Boxrud, J. K. Grondahl and J. S. Scofield in the house. 1897 — The Thirtieth Legislature assembled January 5, and adjourned April 21. Goodhue county representatives were O. J. Wing in the senate, C. L. Brusletten, J. K. Grondahl and E. A. Bigelow in the house. 1899 — Thirty-first Legislature. By the apportionment of 1897, Goodhue county was constituted the Twenty-ninth district. The legislature assembled January 3, and adjourned April 18. Good- hue county representatives were William B. Dickey in the senate, C. L. Brusletten, S. B. Barteau and J. Iv. Grondahl in the house. 1901 — The Tliirty-secoud Legislature assembled January 8, and adjourned April 12. Goodhue county representatives were William B. Dickey, S. B. Barteau, Christian Von Wald and Albert G. Scherf in the house. An extra session was called for the pur- pose of considering the report of the tax commission, created by chapter 13, general laws A. D. 1901. The extra session convened February 4, 1902, and adjourned March 11, 1902. 1903 — The Thirty-third Legislature assembled January 6. Goodhue county representatives were Ole Iv. Naeseth in the sen- ate, W. H. Putnam, C. Von Wald and A. J. Rockne in the house. 1905 — The Thirty-fourth Legislature assembled January 3. Goodhue- county representatives were Ole K. Naeseth in the sen- ate, W. IT. Putnam, J. A. Gates and A. J. Rockne in the house. 1907 — The Thirty-fifth Legislature assembled January 8. Goodhue county representatives were Ole Iv. Naeseth in the sen- ate, W. II. Putnam, J. A. Gates and A. J. Rockne in the house. 1909 — The Thirty-sixth Legislature assembled in January. The Goodhue county representatives were Ole Iv. Naeseth in the senate, W. H. Putnam, J. A. Gates and A. J. Rockne in the house. The principal county offices, up to 1891, were filled by the following : Auditors — E. Norelius, in 1858, but did not qualify; Jonathan Going appointed to fill vacancy, Ilans Mattson, F. Joss, S. J. Willard, C. C. Webster, E. II. Druse, Carl N. Lien. Sheriffs— P. S. Fish, Id. C. Hoffman, M. S. Chandler, Id. F. Armstrong, F. A. Carlson, A. F. Anderson. Treasurers — M. Sorin, James Lawther, Thomas F. Towne, Charles Connely, Orrin Densmore, W. P. Brown, Ole Ilegna, L. A. Hancock, D. B. Scofield, Hiram Howe. Judges of Probate- — W. D. Sliillson, O. F. Smith, William Ladd, Leman Bates, Orrin Densmore, C. G. Reynolds, Robert Deakin, N. O. Werner, O. D. Anderson. Register of Deeds — J. W. Hancock, L. F. Hubbard. C. C. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 484 'W ebster, T. B. McCord, Charles McClure, Charles Ward, C. H. Johnson, J. II. Webster. Clerks of Court— P. Sandfor. Herbert. On September 31 Mr. Webster re- signed his office as. treasurer and A. J. Meacliam was elected in his place. The first six months after the organization of the company aauis devoted to experimenting upon the manufacture of stoneAvare with a small kiln and works purchased from D. Hallem. Early in August, of the same year, the board com- lnenced grading for the foundation of the present works of the company, and on January 1, 1878, the buildings, kilns and ma- chinery Avere ready for the manufacture of stoneAvare on an extensive scale. The Minnesota Stoneware Company, Qrganized in 1883, erected buildings in the immediate neighborhood of the older concern, and at the time of the consolidation was enjoying a prosperous business. The product of the stoneware works consists of all varieties of ware, from tiny brown jugs to milk pans and great butter jars and water refrigerators. The clay, which is brought from HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 621 Goodhue township, where it is found a few feet under the sur- face, underlying a rougher c-lay, is brought by cars over the line of the Great Western, and emptied into the clay pit. It is then ground and mixed with water to a proper consistency. The milk pans are made in moulds, while the majority of other arti- cles are turned on wheels and lathes and shaped by the hands and fingers of the workmen. The ware is then dried, and after- ward dipped in a solution of glazing chemically prepared, thus giving to the product a smooth, hard glaze, impervious to acids. The process is completed by the burning in the kilns. During the period of the greatest heat, rock salt is thrown onto the fire, glazing the outside of the ware. It is then ready for shipment. The ware has been widely introduced and has a reputation for sterling merit which speaks well for the honesty of its manu- facture. The North Star Stoneware Company was organized in the early nineties and continued in operation several years. It was then absorbed by the Minnesota and Red Wing Stoneware Com- panies and the machinery removed to the older plants. After lying idle for some time, the plant was purchased by Henry W. Woolner, of Peoria, who started to remodel it for a malting plant. In 1900 the plant was purchased by the Minnesota Malting Company, who completed the alterations. Red Wing Sewer Pipe Company. AYith the increase of the pottery business in Red Wing, the question of the disposal of the coai’se clay overlying the finer potters’ clay became a most important one. This coarse clay is of practically the same geo- logic formation as the potters’ clay, but somewhat stained with iron rust and other foreign material, thus unfitting it for the finer ware. Originally this clay was cleared off, thrown to one side, and then shoveled back into the excavation after- the finer clay was removed. This involved waste, expense and inconven- ience. As this problem increased, it occurred to several prudent minds that the coarser clay might be made into sewer pipe. To this end' various experiments were made, and in 1890 the first sewer pipe in Red Wing being turned out by George Cook at the potteries, and placed on exhibition in the window of the Pierce, Simmons & Co. Bank, with the inscription, originated in the mind of John IT. Rich, one of the officials at the potteries, “Red Wing Sewer Pipe, Why Not?” From this piece of pipe, three feet long, the present large industry has grown. In October, 1891, the Red W T ing Sewer Pipe Company was incorporated, with E. IT. Blodgett, president ; F. AY. Hoyt, secre- tary; Frederick Busch, treasurer; C. E. Sheldon, superintendent. Mr. Sheldon was the moving spirit in this organization of the company and became manager of the new concern. The factory 622 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY of the Red AN ing AYa.gon Company was purchased, machinery was installed and work at turning out sewer pipe was at once commenced, a ready market being found from the start. One year later, John TI. Rich, to whom belongs the credit of originating the sewer pipe idea in this city, formed the John H. Rich Sewer Pipe Company, a close corporation, of which John II. Rich was president; W. II. Putnam, secretary, and Horace S. Rich, treasurer. This company, with a capital stock of $200,000, purchased a tract of land near the old fair grounds on the line of the Duluth, Red Wing & Southern, later bought by the Great Western railroad, and erected a spacious and substantial factory of cream colored brick. The opening of this factory was a gala day in the life of Red AVing. Invitations were sent to the lead- ing citizens of the city and state, as well as to many prominent workers of clay products throughout the United States. In response to this invitation, the multitudes gathered from near and far, February 13, 1893, and Judge AV. C. AVilliston, in a neat speech, dedicated the factory to the cause of labor. Mrs. H. A. Willard pressed the button to the accompaniment of the martial strains of the Ft. Snelling First Regiment Band; and as, in response, the wheels began to move, there began a new era of prosperity for the city and people of Red Wing. The relations of the two companies from the first was of the friendliest nature, and there was an amicable understanding which prevented unfriendly competition. Toward the latter part of the existence of the two companies, the officials occupied offices together. This friendly agreement resulted, in November, 1901, in a consolidation of the two companies, the older com- pany bringing into the new corporation its longer-established market, while the newer company contributed its larger factory and greater room for expansion. The consolidation was one of the business moves that has had the greatest influence upon the commercial activity of the city. The capital of the new com- pany, which took the name of one of the consolidating com- panies. the Reel AVing Sewer Pipe Company, was placed at $500,000, with the following officers: President, John IT. Rich; vice president, E. IT. Blodgett ; treasurer, Horace S. Rich ; secre- tary, C. E. Sheldon ; counsel, O. M. Hall ; directors, John PI. Rich, E. H. Blodgett, TI. S. Rich, E. S. Hoyt, AA r . C. AVilliston, C. E. Sheldon, W. IT. Putnam and Fred Busch. On February 7. 1902, Factory B, the original factory, whose building was purchased from the Red AA 7 ing AVagon AVorks, was destroyed by fire. In remarkably short time it was rebuilt, and was in operation May 12 of the same year, less than ninety days from the time of the disaster. The product of the Red Wing Sewer Pipe Company is used HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 623 throughout the United States, and even in foreign countries, the annual output being about 3,500 carloads. While a specialty is made of sewer pipe from four to twenty-four inches in diameter, and even larger, there are also made culvert pipe, drain tiles, well curbing, water pipe, gas pipe, chimney hoods, well coping and other clay products in the pipe line. Tests have proven the advantages of the pipe shipped from Red AVing. Being a vitri- fied, salt glazed pipe, it is weather proof, rust proof, frost proof, and, so far as chemical tests can determine, time proof. It 'is not affected by electric currents, and having no pores can be made absolutely germ proof. The process of making the pipe is most interesting. The clay is brought in train loads from the clay beds in Goodhue, and conveyed in buckets from the cars to the grinder. This grinder is a bowl about ten feet across, with a pair of circular knives that work back and forth and revolve at the same time, the bowl itself having a rapid rotation. To the ground clay is added a bit of ground potsherd, and enough water to reduce it to a consistency suited to the next process. This pasty or dough- like mass is then emptied with a scoop into buckets, which are carried to the head of the press, where the clay is forced through the easting by seventy tons steam pressure from a forty-four- inch cylinder that squeezes out every air bubble. The collar at the socket end is moulded at the same time. As the pipe comes from the press it is taken on hand trucks to the drying room, where a sponger trims off the rough edge, after which it is set on a board to set for twenty-four hours. The next day the other end is trimmed to exact length and true shape. It then stands in the drying room a week or ten days, the temperature being increased from 110 to 125 during this drying process. The pipe is then ready for the kiln. Within the kiln, the pipes are ar- ranged with the greatest skill, the object being to get in as many> as possible without crowding, and yet to have them stand true so that they will not warp. After this is arranged satisfactorily, the openings in the dome are sealed up, the door is walled up with brick and clay. Fires are then started in a series of grates around the kilns, and gradually increased until a temperature of high degree is reached, an ingenious system being arranged to distribute the heat evenly among the pipe in the kiln. At the period of the most intense heat, salt is thrown in, giving the pipe the smooth glazed finish so much admired and desired. After four days of this baking, the kiln is gradually allowed to cool for four days, the heat being released gradually to avoid combustion of nearby woodwork. The pipe is then tested with a hammer, and as a final process is sorted and piled up in rows in the yards ready for shipping. 624 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY The process is largely one of temperature, and consequently economy consists in properly utilizing every ounce of fuel pos- sible. To this end, Mr. Rich has perfected a system which draws heat from the kilns for drying purposes. This drying is done by exhaust steam during the day time, and at night heat is drawn from the kilns after the burning or baking is finished, through hot-air tunnels by means of a sturtevant fan which distributes the air under the lower floor. ' In recent years the output of sewer pipe has been so great that the coarse clay from the Goodhue beds has been used up faster than the finer clay underneath. If this were continued, the finer clay, thus uncovered, would deteriorate through action of the elements, and the supply of raw material for the pipe has thus been limited. Consequently it was necessary to seek other clay beds and suitable ones were located in Iowa. As Red Wing was off the direct shipping line from these beds, a new branch factory has been erected at Hopkins, near Minneapolis. The new factory there is built of brick, 80x300 feet, four stories with basement. It is equipped with twelve kilns, and aside from the main factory has a large building used as a boiler house, also drying sheds, coal sheds and shipping sheds. The two factories in Red Wing are equipped with all the latest appliances and employ about 250 men. The present officers of the Red AYing Sewer Pipe Company are as follows: President, John II. Rich; vice president, PI. S. Rich ; secretary, C. E. Sheldon; treasurer, C. A. Betcher ; directors, AA r . IP. Putnam, S. T. Featherstone and H. A. Willard. John Harrison Rich was born December 30, 1856, at, Lake Geneva, AVis., to which place his father, Harrison Rich, and his mother, Martha Rich, had emigrated from Jamestown, N. Y. John was educated at the Geneva schools and later worked on his father’s farm until 1876, when he came to Red Wing and obtained a position as bookkeeper in the hardware store of Baker & Rich. lie remained in Red AA 7 ing about three years and later devoted liimSelf to the banking business at St. Vincent, Minn., and Pembina, N. D. He returned to Red Wing in 1882 and in- terested himself in the clay establishments with the determina- tion to bring them to the front. After many years of hard work and wise financiering, his efforts were rewarded by more than usual success. Since then he has become associated with a great number of Red-Wing’s large successful enterprises, and some in other places. At the present time he is president of the Red Wing Sewer Pipe Company, the Red AYing Malting Company, the Goodhue County National Bank and the Forest Products Company. These institutions are considered separately, else- where in this volume. He is also largely interested in, and one HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 625 of the directors of the Minneapolis Steel & Machinery Company and the Minneapolis Electric Elevator- Company. In a number of other industries in Red Wing and elsewhere he has smaller interests where his business counsel is freely sought and gener- ously given. In politics Mr. Rich has been a Cleveland Democrat, and since the free silver campaign of 1895 he has been an inde- pendent voter, supporting the Republican national ticket. In religious matters he affiliates with the Episcopal Church, and the Shattuck School, at Faribault, which is controlled by that de- nomination, finds in Mr. Rich one of its most able and interested directors. Mr. Rich is a member of the Masonic order, the Red Wing Commercial Club, the Minneapolis Club and other organi- zations. Notwithstanding his exceedingly busy life, Mr. Rich has found time to devote much of his energy to the public welfare. In 1899 he was elected mayor of the city, and he made one of the best executives that any city ever had. His fairness, his abso- lute fearlessness and his insight into the future needs of the city was in many cases fully demonstrated. lie declined a reelection which would have been unanimously given him. He has also served as a member of the city council and on various boards in the city government. But whether in or out of office he has taken the same deep interest in the welfare of the community and can always be counted upon to give his time and means to the Desirable City. Broadway Park, with its landscape beauties, is an example of his generosity and love of civic improvement along artistic lines. In his exceedingly active life there is noth- ing to which he looks back with more satisfaction and pleasure than the organization of the Red Wing Civic League, which has done so much to make Red Wing beautiful, and which has set an example for civic work and civic pride even in the great cities throughout the United States. Though very successful in his enterprises, he js unassuming, democratic and easily ap- proachable by any one who may need his assistance or advice. Mr. Rich was married May 26. 1880, to Julia Wilder Williston. daughter of the late Judge W. C. Williston. Three children have been born to them, Williston Canfield, Harrison Pierce and Mary Dorothea. The malting business, comparatively a new industry in Red Wing, has outstripped in its amount of business its older com- panions, the lumber and milling enterprises, and stands second, in tonnage shipped, to the clay products factories. The Red Wing Malting Company, situated in a conspicuous position overlooking the Mississippi river and the Milwaukee railroad, at the end of the Great Western line, is a landmark for all travelers who in recent years have passed through the city. The company was organized July 5, 1901, with the follow- 626 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY mg officers: President, John Rich; vice president, Tams Bixby; treasurer, C. A. Beteher; secretary, AV. C. Krise. These gentle- men, with L. S. Gillette, R. Jameson and AV. C. Williston, con- stituted the board of directors. The first building was erected in 1901. In April, 1902, additions were made, and in 1904 the capacity and capital stock were doubled, the latter now being placed at $300,000. The plant has eight big tanks and three smaller ones, having a capacity of 1,000,000 bushels. The com-- pany employs about twenty-five men, and does an annual busi- ness of about $80,000. The officers and directors remain the same as at the organization with the exception that B. Gerlach has taken the place of R. Jameson on the board of directors, and the vacancy caused by the death of AY. C. AVilliston has not yet been filled. The Minnesota Malting Company was organized in 1900 and purchased from llenry AVI AVoolner, of Peoria, 111., the old plant of the North Star Stoneware Company, which has been partially remodeled into a malting plant. The Minnesota company com- pleted the alterations and started business at once, the present capacity being about 500,000 bushels annually. The original capital stock of $125,000 has been increased to $150,000. The original officers, president, F. F. Bullen; vice president, A. R. Mensing; secretary and treasurer, A. F. Bullen, have been suc- cessively re-elected to the present date. The plant employs about ten men and is situated on the line of the Great Western railroad. S. B. Foot & Co. is the oldest manufacturing institution of its kind in the entire northwest, having been in business here since the early fifties. The company operates a large shoe factory and a tannery, employing about seventy-five people. The factory is located on Plumb street in a three-story brick building,' where is manufactured a complete line of shoe pacs, canvas leggings and sheepskin foot apparel. The tannery is a large new brick building at Trout Brook. The present officers of the concern are : President, Edwin H. Foot ; vice president and treasurer, Peter A. Nelson; secretary, James E. Teele. The history of this company is embodied in the biography of its founder. Silas Buck Foot, now deceased, was one of those sturdy pio- neers of business who helped to lay the foundation for the pres- ent commercial and industrial solidity of the state of Minnesota. He was widely known and universally esteemed. AVhile Red Wing is honored by having him as a resident since the early days, his record is nevertheless one that belongs to the whole state, and in the leather and shoe trade he was known and respected from the Atlantic to the Pacific. He was born in New Milford, Pa., November 7, 1834, the son of a native Vermonter, who in Pennsylvania cultivated his farm and also engaged in the shoe- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 627 maker’s trade. Left an orphan at the age of seven years, he was cared for by an elder brother and sisters and received his education in a log cabin school. After a short experience as clerk in a retail general store at Prompton, Pa., he went, in 1853, with a brother, to engage in a similar business at San An- tonio, Texas. After a year or so there, his brother falling victim to a southern fever, he returned to Pennsylvania, but soon deter- mined to become a pioneer and seek his fortune westward, where the opportunities for pioneer endeavor were larger and broader than in his native state. Traveling through the middle west in the primitive fashion of those days, and at the same time paying his way by the sale of patent rights, he finally, in the summer of 1857, reached Red Wing by steamboat on the Mississippi, and, believing that here were the opportunities for advancing his fortune and establish- ing his home, he remained and opened a small store. He later traded this for real estate, which, in turn, was exchanged for a shoe store, with which he entered into the shoe business, taking Dr. W. W. Sweney as partner, under the firm name of Foot & Sweney. In 1858 he returned to Pennsylvania, to be married, and there was espoused to Lydia Lorana Park, of Montrose, Pa., July 6, 1858. He at once returned with his wife to his western home. In 1860 ill-health and the advice of physicians forced him to take a trip westward, during which he traveled over the plains and mountains as far as Walla Walla, Wash. He returned to Red Wing eighteen months later, restored to good health. After his return, he purchased the Sweney interests and the firm of Foot & Sterling was organized. In 1872 this firm started a tannery in the outskirts of the city. They soon added to their retail business, manufacturing and jobbing of shoes and shoe pacs. In 1881 it was found advisable to move the shoe factory to St. Paul, and there this business grew and developed into the large and prosperous industry now carried on under the corporate name of Foot, Schulze & Co. Mr. Foot continued at the head of the business until the time of his death, May 22, 1908. AVliile he retained his residence in Red Wing, he traveled almost daily to and. from St. Paul, to attend to his business there. The shoe pac business and tannery were continued at Red Wing under his direction and control, and have grown to large proportions. A large, new, modern tannery was in coiu’se of erection when he was called from earth’s activities. Of his marriage were born five sons and two daughters, the survivors of whom are Ezra P., Frederick W., Edwin H., and Bessie Park Foot. He lost his wife January 30, 1903, after a long and happy married and family life. AVhile it- was to business affairs, in which his indefatigable industry and sagacity made him pre- 628 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY eminent among the manufacturers of the country, that he most largely applied his energies, he always took an active interest in public affairs, national, state and local. In 1882-83 he was mayor of Red Wing, and his term was marked by strict enforce- ment of the liquor laws, and the installation of a municipal water plant, in place of giving a franchise to private enterprise. He was a thirty-second degree Mason, a Knight Templar and a Shriner. He was directly interested in the business develop- ment of Red Wing and was one of the chief promoters of the Red Wing, Duluth and Southern Railway, an undertaking that made possible the success of the clay industries and which was afterward sold to the Chicago, Great Western Raihvay Com- pany. For many years lie Avas a director in the First National Bank of Red Wing. He was a member of the St. Paul Jobbers’ Association, the National Shoe and Leather Association, and of other important commercial bodies. He took a deep interest in the Foot Family Association of America, and attended the first annual meeting at Wetherfield, Conn., June 5, 1907, where over one hundred descendants of Nathaniel Foot, the first settler, gathered in the first Connecticut town, where he lived in 1637. For many years Mr. Foot Avas a useful and earnest member of and generous contributor to Christ Episcopal church, in which he long served as vestryman, and of which he was, at the time of his death, junior Avarden. In 1903 he erected, as an addition to Christ church, a beautiful and costly chapel, in memory of his deceased Avife. The Forest Products Company, still in its infancy, promises to be one of the most important of Red Wing’s industries. An evolution from the originally simple proposition of utilizing the timber on the overflow bottom lands up and down the Mississippi, it uoav represents an industry absolutely unique and constitutes an experiment which will be watched with interest not only be- cause it represents what is likely to be a financial success, but because it also lias a sentimental side — that of preserving the rapidly diminishing forest areas of this state and vicinity. The “bottoms,” a maze of winding sloughs, swamp and tangled woods, frequented only by hunters, Avood choppers and campers, .are the wide bed of the swollen river when melting snows or heavy rains crowd it o\ r er its Ioav banks. Receiving the flood deposits of finest silt from upland farms, these lands are both the richest and least valuable in the county. Here and there are found the rotting houses of settlers who have wasted their best years in striving with ax and fire to clear meadows and tillable fields and who have at length given up the struggle against flood and vigorous timber growth and have left the land stripped of its big timber, the only A r alue it can ever possess. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 629 Through the bottoms passed the procession of rafts which ren- dered possible the conversion of the vast forests of the North into cheap lumber for the incredibly swift up-building of the Northwestern states. The lumbermen who swarmed upon the river merely considered the bottom lands a difficult place in which to seek the 8 to 20 per cent of their sunken, strayed and stolen logs, and a source of fuel supply for the steamboats which consumed all the most valuable and accessible timber. With the gradual depletion of the pine supply and dismantling of the river mills the timbermen moved on to devastate more distant virgin forests. Alone among all the men who had operated mills along the river, C. A. Beteher conceived the idea of utilizing the remnants of this despised bottom timber. Proposing the scheme to J. H. Rich (interested in finding a healthful out-of-door enterprise of some promise for his son, II. P. Rich) and W. T. Farrell, ex- perienced in all practical lumber operations, he met with in- credulity and suppressed derision. However, upon cruising the bottom lands all were surprised at the extent of land and timber and decided to saw all the valuable timber in the vicinity Avith a portable mill. Not content with the contemplated devastation of the banks of one of the most beautiful rivers in the Avorlcl, and impressed with the wonderful productive capacity of this land, adapted to no purpose but raising timber, the plan Avas e\ T olved of purchasing the land instead of the stumpage. Prof. Detweiler of the Minnesota Forestry School Avas consulted and upon in- vestigation showed his confidence in the ultimate success of the venture by identifying his. future with that of the company and undertaking the enormous task of re-stocking (re-foresting) these abused lands and bringing them up to their normal yield. As soon as sufficient acreage Avas acquired to insure. Avhen brought into a proper state of cultivation, a continuous cut for the mill, the company was incorporated in October. 1908. Avith the fol- loAving officers: President. John II. Rich; A'ice president, C. A. Beteher; treasurer, Nels TidVesson ; secretary, S. B. Detweiler. The directors Avere : S. II. Rich, C. A. Beteher, S. B. Detweiler. W. T. Farrell and H. P. Rich. The officers remain the same at the present time, with the exception that H. P. Rich is iioav secre- tary and general manager. On Carlson’s channel, at the eastern end of Barn Bluff, aaus begun the construction of a modern saw- mill fitted to turn out high grade lumber and Avith a reserA r e of power and space to install machinery to Avork all the Avaste from logs and tree tops into the most economical by-products, which may suggest themselves as the business develops. In August the mill started on its first short season’s run and is expected to produce from five to ten million feet of lumber in e\ T ery succeeding year. 630 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Ideas and equipments have developed so largely along all lines that the company now operates one of the finest tow boats in the river, and is constantly adding to its fleet of barges, quarter boats, launches and other craft necessary to transporting ma- terial from woods to mill and taking care of the men. The forest work lias been largely tentative. A quarter of a million trees of many varieties and sizes have been planted under various conditions of soil, moisture and exposure and their growth will be watched with great interest. The native young timber is thinned and culled to increase its growth and the mature timber removed as fast as it can be handled. All this work is experi- mental for, so far as can be learned, cultivation of trees of these varieties and on this kind of land is entirely untried, both in this country and abroad. The success of the venture will be watched with keen interest by all interested in the future of the country and by all friends of the present much-agitated subject of the conservation of natural resources. Red Wing Brick Company. Brick making is another industry that has for many years been important in Red Wing. The old state capitol at St. Paul was made of red pressed brick, from Red Wing. Among the early brick makers of the 'city were Brink, Williams & Co. and Ole Simmons. The industry is at present represented by the Red Wing Brick Company. This com- pany was organized in 1905, incorporated in February of the same year by Charles A. Betcher, -J. J. Bovy, B. Gerlach, J. A. Schouweiler and Gust Lillyblad. The first officers were : Presi- dent, C. A. Betcher; vice president, B. Gerlach; secretary and general manager, J. J. Bovy; treasurer, C. F. ITjermstad, The first building was erected in March, 1905, and began operation in July of the same year. The plant then had a capacity of about 15,000 per day of a first class facing brick or about 18,000 com- mon brick. The buildings now cover about two acres of ground, the main factory being three stories high. The present capacity of the plant is about 10,000,000 brick per annum, the product con- sisting of pressed brick in all shades and a fine line of orna- mental stone, this output being sold in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, North Dakota, South Dakota and Manitoba. The com- pany employs at the present time about eighteen men, the plant being located in the western part of the city on the C. G. W. Ry. and the office is in the Goodhue National Bank building. The present officers of the company are : President, B. Gerlach ; vice president, J. A. Schouweiler; treasurer, C. F. Hjermstad; secre- tary and general manager, J. J. Bovy. These gentlemen, with F. AY. Foot, constitute the board of directors. In regard to indus- tries of this nature the “Rock Products” for August, 1909, says: “The industry of sand lime brick manufacture is still in its in- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 631 fancy in this country, and unless all present and past indications fail, marvelous developments may be looked for in the near future. This building material has already taken its place among the other time-honored building materials and has gained a most enviable reputation. The largest municipalities in the East, prominent architects and building inspectors and even the United States government engineers have recognized the great merits of sand lime products. When properly manufactured they are proof against all action of the elements, including frost and fire. This has been conclusively demonstrated by practical ob- servations and extensive laboratory tests. Recent statistics published by the United States Geological Survey show that, there is a rapidly increasing demand for good common brick, which fact largely accounts for the rapid growth of the sand lime brick industry. Most factories confine their efforts to the production of this grade, which is invariably far superior to the low grades of common clay brick, which have gone from bad to worse in the last few years until now they really contain no structural values, either for compression, tensile strength, fire resistance or density. ” John J. Bovy. secretary and general manager of the Red Wing Brick Company, has made a success of life as an educator, from which profession he is now retired, and as a business man, in which he is still actively engaged. He was born in Carver county, Minn., in the town of Norwood, December 1, 1872. His parents, John and Lucy (Schafer) Bovy. were natives of Cologne, Germany. They came to America in 1852 and settled in Kenosha county, where the father followed his trade as a blacksmith. In 1858 they removed to Norwood, Carver county, this state, and there remained until the death of the father in January, 1876. The mother died in January, 1896. John J. re- ceived his early educational training in the public and parochial schools of his neighborhood and graduated from the commercial department of St. Joseph’s College, Teutopolis, 111., and the Nor- mal School at Milwaukee, thoroughly fitting himself for the pro- fession of a Catholic teacher. He also made a special study of music, particularly that of a devotional character, from the old masters, and became a proficient performer on the pipe organ. Thus equipped for his chosen life work, he started teaching at the age of twenty-two years. He taught at Port Jennings, Ohio, and Mankato, Minn., with marked success, being admired by the citizens of the locality and loved and respected by the children placed in his care. In 1895 he accepted his present position in Red Wing, where he has since become one of the leading citizens of the city. In recognition of his educational qualifications he has been placed on the board of the Carnegie-Lawther library, 632 HISTOBY OF GOODHUE COUNTY but aside from this has not cared to seek public office. He is also a member of the Commercial Club of this city. He is a prominent member of the Roman Catholic Church, and in the -Knights of Columbus holds the office of chancellor. In politics he is a Democrat, but of late years an independent voter. Mr. Bovy was married in August, 1900, to Anna M. Bnsh, of Red AYing, daughter of AYilliam Bush, a Red AA 7 ing citizen who is still living. To Air. and Mrs. Bovy was born at Mankato, this state, in June, 1903, one child, who died in infancy. The Red Wing Milling Company was started in 1901 and was then known as the Simmons Milling Company. The new con- cern at once built a mill and elevator on the site of the old Dia- mond Mill and was soon in operation, manufacturing the Bixota and other brands of flour. Tams Bixby was the first president and John Diefenbaeh the first secretary. N. Iv. Simmons was the manager. In 1907 the name was changed to the Red AYing Milling Company. In 1909 the concern was sold to a new com- pany and the present officers are: President and treasurer, H. C. Stebbins ; vice president, J. G. Lawrence ; secretary, R. L. Thomp- son : directors, II. C. Stebbins, John If. Rich, J. G. Lawrence, D. R. Jones and R. L. Thompson. The Red Wing Hat Manufacturing Company was incorporated July 31, 1902, and at once started operations in a three-story brick building at 116-118 Plum street. The first officers were : President, John II. Rich; vice president, F. Buscli; treasurer, C. F. Hjermstad; secretary, L. IT. Stiles. These gentlemen, with J. R. McLain, G. Gerlaeh and L. S. Gillette, constituted the first board of directors. The company manufactured stiff and soft fur felt hats, and had an annual output estimated at about $60,000. The employes numbered about thirty men. The last board of officers consisted of president, John IT. Rich; vice presi- dent, C. A. Betcher; treasurer, Hiram ITowe; secretary, AY. E. Cless. These gentlemen,, with Henry AYillard, L. S. Gillette and E. S. Hoyt, constituted the last board of directors. The original capital stock of $50,000 was increased to $75,000 in March, 1906. During the existence of the company the. Red AYing hat had a wide sale in all the northwestern states. The company dissolved partnership August 4, 1909, and was absorbed by the McKibbon, Driscoll & Dorsey Company, of St. Paul, which will quadruple the capacity and output of the plant. The Red Wing Iron Works produce an annual value of about $30,000. The establishment has had a longer existence under the same name and in the same location than any other concern of a manufacturing nature in Red AYing. The plant is located at the corner of Bush and Levee streets, and is owned and man- aged by the Densmore Brothers, who completed the buildings HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 633 in 1866 at a cost of $12,000. In 1874 the shops were destroyed by fire, but were at once rebuilt within a period of sixty days. A large amount of general repairing is done at the foundry and the output includes high grade machinery for the making of the lighter varieties of stoneware, capstans for boats and barges and many other metal eastings. The brothers have maintained a reputation for sterling honor, and are proud of the fact that in the more than forty years in which they have been in busi- ness they have never been sued for an unpaid bill. The Red Wing Advertising Company, which ranks among the foremost advertising specialty concerns in the United States, had its origin in. the fall of 1897, when the partnership of Sultzer. Shedd & Livingston was formed. In 1902 the business was incor- porated under the title of Red Wing Advertising Company, with the following board of directors: H. E. Shedd, president; 0. M. Hall, vice president ; C. S. Sultzer, secretary ; W. FI. Putnam, treasurer ; C. E. Friedrich. The authorized capital stock was $100,000. Later Mr. Shedd retired. In 1904 the capital stock was increased to $250,000 and the present board of directors chosen : C. S. Sultzer, president ; O. M. Hall, vice president ; W. H. Putnam, treasurer: Axel Haller, secretary; Tams Bixby. So rapid has been the growth of the company that in the last ten years it has been compelled to change its quarters six times, each time securing a larger and more commodious building and each time finding itself forced to move to a still larger place in order to .handle the increasing volume of business. In 1905 the large factory building of four stories and basement which the company at present occupies Avas erected. To this a two-story wing Avas added in 1909 for office purposes. This company manufactures specialties of various kinds which are used for advertising pur- poses, including calendars, leather and cloth utilities, and also does a great amount of bank lithography. Its line of leather utili- ties such as check coA r ers, purses, pocketbooks, money bags, card cases, policy cases, diaries, memorandum books and pass books, is large and varied and of the highest quality. The check cover idea has been particularly developed, and, holding patents as it does on se\ r eral of the most popular styles of this article on the market; the Red Wing company is acknoAvledged to be the largest bank adA^ertising house in existence. The Red Wing cloth line is noted for its quality. All these articles — caps, grocers’ aprons, sunbonnets, school bags, carpenter aprons, clothespin aprons, horse coA^ers, etc. — are made with lockstitch machines exclusively. The first cushion visor cap eA T er sold for advertising purposes Avas made by this concern. In the line of art calendars the company is especially prominent, purchasing outright paintings of the best artists of both hemispheres and copyrighting them so as to assure 634 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY exclusive designs for its patrons. Forty salesmen are kept con- stantly on the road carrying this line into every state in the union. In the factory two hundred hands are employed the year round, while an office force of sixteen people is required. The Red Wing Gas, Light & Power Company has sixteen miles of gas mains. It manufactures 35,000,000 feet of gas per year and 375,000 kilowatts of electricity; also 1,000 tons of coke and 900 barrels of gas-coal tar. The capital invested is $250,000. The company was organized in 1872 for the purpose of lighting the streets, public buildings and private residences, under the name of the Red Wing Gas Light Company. The company com- pleted its preparations for furnishing gas, and the streets of the city of Red Wing were first lighted by that material on the even- ing of February 11, 1873, an important event duly celebrated by the citizens. Later an electric light plant was introduced, and the company was reorganized under the present name. At this writing arrangements are being made to bring power from water- falls at Eau Claire, Wis., and surrounding points, to Red Wing, which is likely to revolutionize manufacture and do much to build up the future and greater Red Wing. The Ballord-Trimbell Lumber Company has had a branch here since 1906. During that year the company purchased the retail department of the Betcher establishment, and placed John Comp- ton in charge. The company deals in building material and also does mill work. The plant is well equipped and is located at 502 Main street. The Red Wing Wagon Company was established in 1882 and had a capital stock of $95,000. The plant, valued at $40,000, was purchased in 1891 by the Red AVing Sewer Pipe Company, and was destroyed by fire in 1902. At the time when the company closed its business and disposed of the plant the officers Avere : President, E. AV\ Brooks ; secretary, L. A. Hancock ; treasurer, F. Busch. During the days of its prosperity the firm ivas an impor- tant one, turning out about fifteen Avagons a day. Gust Lillyblad, avIio started business in 1888 by purchasing the Berglund stone quarry and limekiln in South Red Wing, is noAv the sole representative of the lime burning industry which in former years has been most important. Mr. Lillyblad noAV operates one of the original Berglund kilns and also another at the foot of Sorin’s Bluff, having a capacity of about 250 barrels per day. Lime burning was first started in Red AA r ing about 1853 by Phineas Fish, who operated just east of the south approach to the high wagon bridge over the Mississippi. He used large frag- ments Avhieh had fallen from the face of Barn Bluff. For a time HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 635 he was very successful, but in time became discouraged and abandoned the enterprise. G. A. Carlson established the Pioneer Lime and Stone works in 1871. His quarries were located at the south end of Barn Bluff and also in Sorin’s Bluff. He operated a number of kilns and at the time of his greatest prosperity had one of the most extensive lime burning plants in the state. His efforts at burning lime by using gas instead of wood caused him heavy financial loss, and his enterprise is now abandoned. The Red Wing-Sheboygan Lime Company, better known as Linne’s enterprise and later called the Twin City Lime & Cement Company, was established February 15, 1889, with a capital stock of $50,000. Those most heavily interested were F. J. Linne and H. L. Braesch. This company bought out the Red Wing Lime & Stone Company and for a time it looked as though the Twin City concern would become one of the, most important in the state. The enterprise was abandoned about 1890. Charles Olson, known as “Catfish” Charlie, was another early lime burner, and as has already been noted, Robert Berglund was the predecessor of G. Lillyblad and conducted a large business. Andrew Danielson was also an extensive lime burner for many years. Mr. Danielson was at one time associated in the lime and cement business with Charles Betclier. In 1879 four companies were conducting extensive lime operations, the official state report of the matter being as follows: “R. L. Berglund, 250 barrels per week; Danielson & Betclier, 75 barrels per day; G. A. Carlson, 90 barrels per day; Oleson & Co., 90 barrels per day.” The lime produced in Red Wing has always been of the finest quality and is -in high esteem with builders throughout the Northwest. Red Wing Linseed Mills. — The 250.000 bushels of flax annu- ally raised in Goodhue county furnishes raw material for another of Red Wing’s important industries, the Red Wing Linseed Mills. The concern is situated near the south approach to the high wagon bridge across the Mississippi. The plant cost originally about $66,000, an - elevator and late improvements bringing its value to about $100,000. The concern was started and the first buildings erected in 1901. At the reorganization in 1907 the officers elected were as follows : President, C. A. Betcher ; vice president, N. II. Withel; treasurer, C. F. fljermstad; secretary, C. E. Betcher. Since that time there has been no change. The Red Wing Shoe Company employs 100 people and pro- duces from 400 to 450 pairs of shoes daily. The original capital stock of $100,000 was enlarged to $200,000 in January, 1909, and the business is constantly increasing. The plant is an artistic 636 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY three-story brick building at the corner of Main and Potter streets measuring 140x60 feet at the ends, with a jog reducing the width to 45 feet in the center. The company manufactures a general line of medium, heavy and tine men’s and boys’ shoes, ranging from oxfords to extreme high cut, and sold under the name “Red Wing Treadstrate Welts.” The market for these shoes is in all the Northwestern states, and the territory covered by the sales- men of the company is growing rapidly. The company was incor- porated February 10, 1905, by Charles Beckman, O. M. Hall, C. II. Boxrud, C. E. Friedrich, II. A. Willard, C. E. Sheldon and E. S. Hoyt. The first officers were : President and manager, Charles Beckman; vice president, C. II. Boxrud; secretary, II. A. Willard; treasurer, C. E. Friedrich. The building was erected at once, operations were . started September 1, 1905, .and the first finished shoes were ready to ship September 15. The present officers are : President and manager, Charles Beckman ; vice president, C. II. Boxrud; secretary, II. A. Willard; treasurer and assistant manager, Hiram Howe. The directors are : Charles Beckman, C. H. Boxrud, C: E. Friedrich, E. S. Hoyt, W. II. Putnam, O. M. Hall and II. A. Willard. J. A. S tier man is the superintendent of the factory. The LaGrange Mills, with a capacity of 1,500 barrels per twenty-four hours, are located on the levee at the foot of Plumb street, and consist of two elevators, a mill 50x80 feet, six stories, and a warehouse, 60x62, two stories. The property includes the old Sheldon elevator. The original LaGrange mills were erected in 1877 and the plant was practically rebuilt in 1888. New equip- ment is constantly being added from time to time, and no modern machinery of proven worth is missing from the present appli- ances. The LaGrange Mill Company was .incorporated in 1877. The capital stock was fixed at $100,000, divided into 2,000 shares of $50 each. The incorporators were O. Fames, Hiram Waters, Anarand Seebach, A. J. Grover, John Miller, J. J. Starz, Charles Betcher, J. C. Bennewitz, John Dablow, Peter Stromberg, D. C. Hill, B. B. Herbert, John C. Diefenbach and F. W. Hoyt. Febru- ary 3, 1877, at a meeting of the stockholders, E. AY. Brooks, Anarand Seebach, J. S. Hoard, William Hayman, IT. E. Perkins, Charles Betcher and O. Fames were elected directors, and at a meeting held two days later these directors elected the follow- ing officers : President, E. W. Brooks ; vice president, Charles Betcher; treasurer, J.*S. Hoard ; secretary, A. J. Meacham; super- intendent. A. Seebach. This company was succeeded in June, 1885, by The LaGrange Mills. The first board of directors con- sisted of F. Busch, F. AY. Hoyt, T. B. Sheldon, E. W. Brooks, William Featherstone, H. E. Perkins and B. Gerlaeh. The officers were : President, F. Busch ; vice president, T. B. Sheldon ; seere- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 63' tary, B. Gerlach ; treasurer, William Busch. The original stock of $85,000 was in 1894 increased to $200,000. The present officers are: President, B. Gerlach; vice president, William Busch; treas- urer, J. C. Seebacli; secretary, AY. S. AVeiss. These gentlemen, with E. D. Brooks and Gust Lillyblacl, constitute the present board of directors. The brands manufactured are the “Gilt Edge” and the “Corner Stone,” and the plant employs about forty men. Bernard Gerlach is president of the La Grange Mills and an officer of other local concerns. His parents, George and Anna M. (Fux) Gerlach, were natives of Germany, where the father was a carpenter, a trade which he followed all his life. He came to America in 1851, located in New York state until the spring of 1856, then settled in St. Paul, where lie died September 1, 1888. His widow still survives, making her home in St. Paul. In that city, August 2, 1S60, Bernard Gerlach was born. He at- tended the parochial and public schools and started life for him- self as* clerk in the employ of Jacob Maiuzer, who conducted a law' and abstract office, in which latter department Mr. Gerlach worked until March, 1879. Coming to Red AYing on the tenth of that month, he entered the employ of PL N. AYillson & Co., in the abstract business, continuing there until January, 1880, vffien he engaged with the Red AA T ing Mills as bookkeeper in their lum- ber department. September 1, 1882, he first entered the La Grange Mills as bookkeeper. In June, 1885, when the company was incorporated, Mr. Gerlach v T as elected secretary. After that his career was one of faithful service and steady advancement. In 1891 he was chosen manager and continued in that capacity. In September, 1908, he was elected president of the company. Air. Gerlach is a Democrat in politics and, although interested in public matters, has always avoided the lime light of public office. He has been persuaded, however, to become a member of the T. B. Sheldon Memorial Auditorium Board, in which capacity lie now serves. In fraternal affiliation he is a member of the Knights of Columbus, St. Joseph’s Society and the D. R. K. LT. G. of Minnesota. He is a member of the Roman Catholic Church. Bernard Gerlach urns married April 29, 1884, at Red AVing to Frances AI. Ale-Cue, daughter of Timothy and Margaret AIcCue. Her father died at St. Paul in 1898, and her mother makes her home in Red Wing. To Air. and Airs. Gerlach have been born, all in Red Wing, five bright children, Helen, Anna. Laura. Ger- trude and Frances, all of whom are at home. The Red Wing Mill Company, which from 1873 to 1891 oper- ated the Diamond mill, the Bluff mill and the Bluff sawmill, was the project of a large number of Red Wing men who planned to build up a tremendous flouring and woodworking industry. The 638 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY company was incorporated April 17, 1873, the directors being T. B. Sheldon, E. T. Wilder, J. M. Hodgman and E. L. Baker. The president was T. B. Sheldon. Among the heaviest stock- holders were D. C. Hill, William Howe, F. B. Howe, AY. R. Craig, J. M. Hodgman, A. Howe, Sr., S. Le Greenwood, T. B. Sheldon, Webster, Purdy & Co. ; 0. Eames, E. L. Baker, James Lawther, Thomas McSorley, F. Jopp, G. W. Wooclly, AA 7 . AA 7 . Phelps, H. and E. T. AA 7 ilder, AA 7 . Heising, G. A. Carlson, Charles Nilson, Fried- rich & Hack, Thomas AVilkinson, II. E. Perkins, Erickson & Anderberg, Jesse Mclntire, T. K. Simmons, J. C. Pierce, John AA T inter, L. L. Richardson, Ole Westerland, II. B. Baldwin, John C. Deipenbrock, Brink & 'Williams, N. Swift, B. B. Herbert, John T. Verder, Wilder & Williston, E. P. Philleo and E. W. Brooks. This company erected the Bluff mill in 1873 and the Diamond mill in 1877. The same company operated the Bluff sawmill, erected by S. S. Grannis. The Bluff and Diamond mills were destroyed by fire March J, 1891, and were never rebuilt, although theft walls were later used to a certain extent by more jnodern buildings erected by later companies. The Red Wing Manufacturing Company makes a fine line of furniture which has a wide market, its familiar label,' enclosing the bird with the red wing, being extensively known. The enter- prise was first established by Daniel C. Hill in 1862 at the comer of Main and Bluff streets. A small two-story frame building, 30x60 feet, with a wing 16x30, served for the first few years, was operated by steam power and devoted to the manufacture of sash, doors, blinds and moulding. The rapid growth of the busi- ness obliged the proprietor to enlarge his works, and in 1869 he erected a two-story brick block, 50x60 feet. This building is still standing and is easily distinguished from the rest of the plant by its style of windows. The company was incorporated March 13, 1882, by D. C. Hill, C. E. Erickson, Andrew Swanson and T. K. Simmons. The original capital stock of $30,000 has been increased at various times and is now placed at $72,000. At the first meet- ing of the company, held April 1, 1882, the following officers were elected: President, T. K. Simmons; vice president, D. C. Hill; secretary and treasurer, AA 7 . PI. Putnam. These gentlemen, with A. Swanson and C. Erickson, constituted the board of directors. The manufacture of furniture gradually replaced the sash, door and moulding output. About sixty persons are now employed in the establishment. The warehouses are of brick, four stories high, measuring 120x40 and 70x38, respectively. The main build- ing is 60x120, of brick, three stories high. The office is in a sepa- rate building. The present officers of the concern are : President and treasurer, AY. H. Putnam ; vice president, A. P. Pierce ; secre- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 639 tary, F. D. Putnam. These gentlemen and R. AY. Putnam and F. J. Seebach constitute the present board of directors. The Red Wing Furniture Company was organized in 1880 and the following officers were elected : President, F. AY. Hoyt ; sec- retary, A. Id. Allen; treasurer, A. Id. Boxrud; superintendent, N. J. Holmberg. The firm purchased the factory of Erickson & Swanson (established in 1871), on Dakota street, and remodeled the building, erected a warehouse and put in new machinery. The buildings were destroyed by fire December 9, 1901, but were immediately rebuilt and resumed operations in June, 1905. The capital stock is $50,000 and the product consists of a general line of fine furniture, including chamber suites, buffets, dressers, com- bination bookcases and ladies’ desks. The amount of the output annually is about $75,000, and the goods have a market through- out the Northwestern states as far as the Coast. The present officers are: President and manager, P. Jorgenson; vice presi- dent. T. R. Bjorngaard; treasurer, AY. II. Putnam; secretary, AGc- tor Swanson. The directors are Peter Nelson, J. F. Swanson, Peter Kempe, T. R. Bjorngaard, M. Kappel, AY. II. Putnam, O. M. Hall, P. Jorgenson and Andrew Ellingson. The main factory building is 50x100 feet, three-story brick, with a warehouse 50x 100 feet. The Charles Betcher Lumber Company produces high grade mill work of all kinds — sash, doors, moldings, interior finishings, commercial fixtures, hardwood flooring of oak, maple and birch, end matched and steel scraped. Its factory has all the appliances and woodworking machinery and tools necessary in an up-to-date shop, and it has constantly on hand a large stock of lumber in different varieties of wood in order that it may be well seasoned for working. The capital stock is $100,000 and the value of the product is over $150,000 per annum. The officers are : President and treasurer, Charles A. Betcher; secretary, Oscar Seebach. The company has a most interesting history that is in fact a part of the history of the city. The real beginning was in June, 1856, when Cogel & Blakely began the manufacture of sash, doors and blinds. In 1859 Charles Betcher, father of Charles A. Betcher,' the present president, purchased the interest of Mr. Blakely. In 1861 they purchased the old Freeborn mill, upon which site the present factory is located. The Freeborn mill was the first mill in Red AYing. It was put up by the Messrs. Pettibone and Knapp and passed through several hands before it came into the posses- sion of the Messrs. Cogel and Betcher. In 1867 the structure was rebuilt, enlarged and improved. In 1875 Mr. Cogel retired, and since then the concern has remained in the possession of the Betcher family. At one time the concern owned many branch yards, much standing timber in Minnesota and AYisconsin and G4U HI ST OK Y OF -GOODHUE COUNTY several lumber camps, as well as a number of stores, including a hardware store in Red Wing and a heavy hardware and wagon stock store in Minneapolis. The Minneapolis store was sold in 1888, and the Red Wing and other stores were later disposed of. The sawmill was burned in October, 19C5, and the branch yards and logging interests were sold, but the sash and door factory is constantly developing. This plant was burned in September, 1893, but was immediately rebuilt on a larger scale, and again enlarged in 1906, at which time the retail lumber interests of the concern in Red Wing were sold to the Ballord-Trimbell Company. Charles Arthur Betcher, who, like his father before him, has been prominently identified with the business and civic develop- ment of Red Wing, is a native born son, having first seen the light of day August 25, 1862, son of Charles and Margaret Betcher, of whom a sketch is found in this history. He attended the Red Wing public schools- and the Red Wing Seminary, in which latter institution he was under the able tuition of Prof. Hood. At Shattuck School, Faribault, where he prepared for college, he graduated in 1880 as valedictorian of his class and with an average of high scholarship. After having passed his entrance examinations to Yale he was offered two opportunities, one of passing through that classic institution and the other of engaging at once in his father’s business. He chose the latter course and in 1881, anxious to start business, he entered the hardware store of C. Betcher & Co. Two years later he entered his father’s lumber office. Thus equipped with a knowledge of the details of the business, lie was sent to Minneapolis in 1884 to take charge of the heavy hardware and Avagon business which his father owned in that city. When the Minneapolis branch was sold in January, 1888, Charles A. returned to this city as secretary and treasurer and manager of the Charles Betcher Lumber Company. In this position he remained until 1903, Avhen, upon the death of his father, he became president of the com- pany. The sawmill of the lumber company Avas burned in Octo- ber, 1905,- and the branch yards and logging interests Avere sold, but the sash and door factory was increased and a large busi- ness is developing. This latter plant was started originally in the early fifties, but burned in September, 1893, being imme- diately rebuilt ou a larger scale and again enlarged in 1906, a fuller account of which is found in the history of the company, which appears elseAvhere. Aside from his interests in his OAvn concern, Mr. Betcher lias been a director of the Goodhue County National Bank since 1902, treasurer and director of the Red Wing Malting Company since 1902, president and director of the Red Wing Linseed Company since 1905, treasurer and di- rector of the Red Wing Sewer Pipe Company since 1909, and HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 641 vice president and director of the Forest Products Company since 1908. He was one of the originators and a charter mem- ber of the Red Wing Commercial Club, and its president, 1901-02. He was also originator and charter member of the Red Wing- Manufacturers ’ Association and its president from 1901 to 1908. His military record includes service as first sergeant of Company G, Minnesota National Guards, from 1883 to 1884, and as captain of the same from 1888 to 1892. Originally an old time Democrat, he became an independent voter on the issue of free silver and Bryanism. His public offices, however, have been held by merit and irrespective of party affiliations. Among the positions with which his felloAv citizens have honored him are those of member of the city council, 1892-93 ; member of the city cemetery board, 1889-90, also 1906 and at present, and member of the city auditorium board, 1904 and at present. In 1908 he became presi- dent of the latter board. In Christ Episcopal Church, of which he is a faithful attendant, he has been vestryman since 1906. Charles A. Betcher was united in marriage February 12, 1885, to Carrie B. Eddy, daughter of E. W. Eddy, one of the early pio- neers of Minnesota. To this union has been born one son, Charles E. Betcher, whose sketch follows. Mr. Betcher is an admirable citizens in every respect, and his record plainly set forth be- speaks his merit louder than would the most laudatory en- comiums. Mr. Betcher has recently erected a beautiful home on Fourth street, which is one of the residential ornaments of the city. Charles Betcher, founder of the Red Wing family of that name and an active factor in the industrial growth of the city from its earlier days, was born in Greifswald, Prussia, Germany, January 31, 1830. He attended the common and academic schools of his native kingdom and there acquired the excellent educa- tion to which he afterward added a store of business sagacity and knowledge acquired through active contact with the world of affairs. In 1849 he came to America and located in Rochester, N. Y., later taking up his residence in Wayne county, in the same state. In 1855 he moved to Winona, Minn., and opened a hard- ware store with a branch at Red Wing. It was in May, 1856, that he took up his residence permanently in this city. Three years later he embarked in the lumber business by purchasing the Blakely interest in the firm of Cogel & Blakely, the firm be- coming Cogel & Betcher. Later Mr. Betcher became the sole proprietor. In 1889 the firm of Charles Betcher Company was incorporated. He discontinued the hardware business about 1893. In his latter years Mr. Betcher took a deep interest in the early history of the county and city and was president of the Old Settlers’ Association. During his forty-seven years’ 642 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY residence in Red Wing he was identified with almost every pub- lic measure pertaining to its growth and prosperity. He steadily pushed ahead and saw his efforts crowned with success. He was a cautious but energetic business man, of fine executive ability and thoroughly at home in the intricate details of the various branches of business that demanded his attention. In his death, July 6, 1903, Red Wing lost one of her ablest and most prominent citizens. In 1856 Charles Betcher was married at Pultneyville, N. Y., to Margaret Gothrup, a native of NeAV York state. She came to Red Wing with her husband and now occu- pies the beautiful Betcher mansion at the head of Fourth street. In 1907 she erected at the entrance of Oakwood cemetery the Charles Betcher Memorial Chapel, a beautiful and enduring tribute to her husband’s memory. Charles E. Betcher is the third of his name to become identi- fied with Red Wing business interests, his father and grand- father both having occupied influential positions in the com- munity, the former being deceased and the latter in the prime of li is activities. Charles E. was born in Minneapolis, Minn., March 18. 1886, only son of Charles A. Betcher, whose sketch appears elsewhere in this volume. He came to Red Wing with his parents at an early age and here received his common school education, later taking a course at the Shattuck School, Faribault, from which he graduated with high honors in 1905. In 1905 he entered the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale Uni- versity, New Haven, Conn., and graduated in 1907. At once after graduation he returned to Red Wing and became director, secretary and manager of the Red Wing Linseed Company, a po- sition he still retains. Mr. Betcher votes the Republican ticket and attends the Episcopal Church. The Trout Brook Tannery was organized in 1872 and for a time was in a flourishing condition. In 1880 J. F. Porter, the proprietor, also erected a sorghum mill near the tannery. Recently Mr. Porter has sold out and removed. The old tannery and sorghum mill have been torn down, and the former is being- replaced by a tannery nearer town erected by the S. B. Foot Company, which purchased Mr. Porter’s interests. Fishing Industry. — Since the earliest days the abundance of fish in the vicinity of Red Wing has provided a livelihood for a number of men, and in pioneer times often saved the settlers from the pangs of hunger. At present a number of families make their living by fishing in this vicinity, the catches being sold to the Bay City Fish Company, of Bay City, Wis. The Red Wing Filter Sand Company was organized by Adolf Gallasch, Sr., who was the first to discover and use for the pur- pose of filtration the silica filter sand contained in the Twin HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 613 Bluffs. Its filtering and qualities are recognized all over tlie United States as an effective agency in the mechanical purifying of impure water. The sand taken from the bluffs is first screened to take out the gravel, then it is dried and again screened to pro- duce the three grades, the grades desired by the customers being- regulated by the quality of the water to be filtered and the amount which it is desired shall pass through the sand in a given time. The sand has a wide market and has been widely used by municipal and private water works. It is highly praised by chemists and by users. The sand is used for sand blast as well as for filtration purposes. Adolf G. Gallasch is now the active manager of the plant, which is located near the end of AYest avenue, in South Red Wing. The Red Wing Telephone Company was incorporated Decem- ber 15, 1904. with the following officers: President, A. P. Pierce; vice president, C. A. Rasmussen ; secretary and treasurer, D. M. Neill. The directors were the above named gentlemen and W. C. Krise, E. IT. Moulton, A. J. Scherf, H. E. Akenson and R. L. Gron- dahl. The officers and directors have been the same to the pres- ent time, with the addition of N. H. Featherstone to complete the board of directors. The authorized capital stock of the company is $150,000. The first operation of the system was started May 1, 1905. Since then the growth of the service in Red Wing and adjacent suburban territory has been remarkable. Under the management of Mr. Neill the number of instruments in use has increased to about 1,500 and the service given the patrons is most excellent. Since its first operation the switchboard and offices have been in the Goodhue County National Bank building. The enterprise is strictly local, and has had its share in the present prosperity of Red Wing and Goodhue county. Lovgren, Peterson & Friestad were among the first manufac- turers in Red Wing. They had a plant located on Fifth street, between Bush and Plum, and for many years made wagons, sleds, plows, safes and the like, on a scale that was truly magnificent compared with the size of the village at that time. The Red Wing Compounding Company was organized Janu- ary 1, 1909. with the following officers: President, Dr. AY. AI. Sweney; vice president, James II. Sweney; secretary, John Hempftling ; treasurer, Lawrence Penfold. The company makes a general line of proprietary articles and has a rapidly growing business with great future possibilities. The clam fishing industry is very important in the neighbor- hood of Red Wing. While the main channel of the Mississippi at this point is now about depleted as far as a clam-shell crop is concerned, the fishing operations are still continued in the creeks and inlets, and valuable pearls are found from time to time, a HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUMTY 644 : number of these precious gems having already been taken from the waters of this vicinity. Red Wing cigars are in great favor with local smokers and also have an outside market. The principal cigar manufacturers m this city are: C. J. Bohmbaeh, F. J. Hasler, G. F. Eichinger, W. A. Jellineck, John Malloy, G. J. Miller and the Red AYing Cigar Manufacturing Company. Wagons. — The manufacture of wagons is an enterprise which has flourished here since the earliest days, some dozen firms hav- ing been engaged in the business at various times. The largest manufacturers of this line at the present time are C. A. Erickson, Michael Kappel and M. Remshart. J. M. Hjermstad has a machine plant and does considerable work in his line, more especially in installing machinery for other concerns and keeping same in repair. Remshardt & Oliva also do some machine work. Tents and awnings are manufactured by the Red Wing Tent & Awning Company. 0. R. Wermuth is now the sole representative of the fur busi- ness. In former years E. T. Howard was an extensive dealer and manufacturer in this line. H. J. Lillyblad has a glove factory which at certain seasons of the year has a considerable output. CHAPTER XXXIII. MODERN RED WING. Its Advantages, Opportunities and Wealth — Some of the Things Which Have Made It Famous — History of the Various News- papers Which Have Been Published Here — Associations and Societies— Miscellaneous. Red Wing is “beautiful for situation.” Recently one of its citizens journeying in the East met a cultured gentleman who has held important positions under the government and traveled ex- tensively. When it was announced to him where his friend hailed from, he quickly replied, “Red Wing? Oh, yes — it’s that very beautiful little city nestled among the bluffs, lying along the Mississippi river below St. Paul. Twenty years ago I stopped off there and climbed the grand old bluff and got one of the most picturesque views of my life. How very fortunate you are to live in such a place!” This expression from the man of affairs finds an echo in the hearts and minds of all who, as residents or strangers, have had the opportunity of standing on Barn bluff, which, like a sentinel, rises three hundred feet above the city. From its heights there stretches out a panorama of surpassing loveliness. At its base lies the city, its homes clustered here and there amid lesser bluffs, covered during the summer months with greenest verdure, while along the river front are to be seen the manufacturing industries which are the backbone of the city’s prosperity. Red Wing is not merely picturesque. The beauty with which heaven so richly endowed it would always give it a unique favor among the peculiarly attractive places to be found on Mother Earth, but, happily, its natural charms have been supplemented and augmented by a progressive population, possessed of a rare sense of the value of civic improvement and keenly alive to all that enhances the moral, intellectual and artistic as well as the material growth of the city. Among the smaller cities of the United States, it has attracted, by its splendid civic attitude and unusual natural beauty, wide attention and been the subject of numerous magazine articles and much newspaper comment, appreciative and admiring. 645 G46 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Better yet, its people do consider themselves fortunate, in- deed, in being dwellers in so goodly a town. They believe with all their hearts that Red Wing is what it is widely called — “The De- sirable City.” There is a reason for it. It is disclosed in the facts and fig- ures which are herewith given. Even these are not prosaic and dull, but if you note them — and we will make them as concise as possible — you will see that they fairly bristle with business energy and throb with a life characteristic of a people committed to a love of the beautiful and a desire for the true and an ambi- tion to “get on in the world.” Red Wing is the county seat of “old Goodhue” — one of the most fertile and thriving counties within the commonwealth of Minnesota. It is- situated on the west bank of the Mississippi river. In all its windings, from Itasca to the Gulf, through the heart of the great continent, nowhere is the old Father of Waters more majestic or picturesque than at this point. Broad stretches of islands and river channels are environed by banks on which are towering bluffs, like lofty citadels, commanding the situation and adding grandeur to the scene. Red Wing has a population of 12,000 and is steadily growing. The territory from which trade is drawn is a wealthy agricultural district and in this area dwell one hundred thousand people. Goodhue county, Minnesota, if which Red Wing is the shire town, has a population approaching 40.000, while Pierce county, AVisconsin, directly across the Afississippi river, numbers more than 30.000 souls. Red AVing has an excellent city government. The city owns its own waterworks and is now instituting a pure water supply from artesian wells ; its paid fire department is one of the best equipped and most efficient in the Northwest; a gas and electric company, with 16 miles of mains; a handsome city hall. The city is divided into four wards, has a mayor, nine aldermen, a board of public works, under whose .direction many public improve- ments are made, and other boards care for the water, fire de- partment, cemetery, auditorium and public library. Red Wing is notable as a manufacturing center. Outside of Minneapolis, St. Paul and Duluth, it is the largest manufacturing town in the Northwest. Its record as a shipping point is sig- nificant, both by railroad and waterway. Red Wing’s railroad freightage amounts to 30.000 carloads a year, said to be the heaviest amount for a manufacturing, city of .its size in the United States. Over thirty manufacturing institutions are located here, employing a capital of $3,000,000, having 1,500 men on a payroll which annually amounts to $600,000, and the value of whose prod- ucts exceed $7,500,000. Among the most important of these in- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 647 dustries are two potteries, two sewer pipe factories, two malting plants, two breweries, two flour mills, a linseed mill, a large tan- nery, a launch factory, marine engine works, brick factory, hat factory, two shoe factories, two furniture factories, a large advertising novelty concern, and with them other in- dustries, each growing and successful. The newest of these numerous enterprises is the Forest Products Company. It has purchased large tracts of timber along the river, has a saw- mill and plant in East Red AVing and contemplating the manu- facture of many by-products of the forest and the introduction of a system of practical forestry on its extensive timbered areas, promises to become one of the most important of the city’s com- mercial assets within a very few years. From a business standpoint. Red AVing ’s busy factories are the mainstay of its prosperity, combined with the wealth which flows in on all sides from the fertile acres of an exceptionally splendid agricultural region, on which dwell a thrifty, industrious and intelligent people. Red AA T ing is the trading center for thousands of sturdy farmers, who raise things worth raising and readily sold at high prices ; Red AVing is the home of twelve thousand people who are intensely busy making things worth making, which command attention for their excellence and are eagerly sought for in the world’s markets. Under these conditions its workingmen, retail and wholesale business men, as well as those in professional lines, are thriving. The city is making rapid progress along the avenues of com- munity life which uplift, beautify and ennoble. A strong organi- zation is its civic league, whose purpose is to stimulate and further the beautification and tidiness of the town. Its effective work has been shown in a crusade which ridded the city of many old signs, in the placing of waste paper cans at the corners of many streets, the care of “Webster ’s AVay, ” which leads up Barn Bluff, and prizes offered to the children of the “Junior Civic League” for best kept flower gardens, vegetable gardens, neatest front yards and neatest back yards. A ride through the city with its boulevarded streets, lined with shade trees of many kinds, its well kept lawns and tidy yards, will reveal how thoroughly the people have caught the contagion for the city beautiful. The city itself is emulating the spirit of its citizens. Its park system is both expanding and improving. It includes two miles of river frontage. Already a portion of it. called Levee Park, is com- pleted and, with its concrete river wall, beautiful drives and shaded walks and steamboat landing, it has become a favorite resort of the people during the summer season. Leading up from the park is Broadway, the gateway of the city. This has been beautifully boulevarded and parked through the generosity of 648 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY John H. Rich, who is a leader in the pervasive passion for civic improvement. Further extension of this parkway is planned. The Colvill park, the old homestead and residence of Col. ¥m. Colvill, the hero of Gettysburg, on the rivdr front in East Red Wing, has been purchased and made a very popular picnic ground by the untiring efforts of the Colvill Park Association, an organi- zation of ladies of the city who are actively interested in the general welfare. Mrs. D. M. Neill is president of this association. Notable as Red AA'ing is for its business enterprise and love of the beautiful, its people recognize that there must be symmetry in community proportions as well as in all other growth if sub- stantial and worthy progress is to be attained. They have not forgotten the intellectual and spiritual forces, which are more subtle but, nevertheless, more potent in permanent upbuilding than the things which appeal to eye and ear. Here sight and insight, “the seen and the unseen,” are rounding into form the plastic forces at their command, and both are emphasized. Educationally, in facilities and in progressiveness as well, Red Wing stands foremost among the cities of the state. Its pub- lic schools are noted for their excellence and the advanced posi- tion they have taken. Its high school building cost $40,000 and its curriculum includes not only the usual literary, classical and scientific courses, but also normal, commercial, manual training, domestic science and agricultural courses. It was one of the first ten towns of the state to inaugurate a complete agricultural course. The school property already includes a school farm of seven acres where several hundred boys and girls during the past summer planted, cultivated and raised school gardens success- fully. A new building to be devoted to manual training and domestic science, with a large gymnasium, is now being erected adjacent to the high school at a cost, when equipped, of not less than $50,- 000. With a corps of a dozen teachers in the high school and thirty-four more in the grades, under the progressive leadership of Superintendent J. L. Siloeonale, the 1,500 school children are having rare advantages in the acquirement of knowledge which shall fit hand, head and heart to do their full share of the world’s work. Here are situated two schools of higher education, each excel- lent in its way, each sustaining a growing reputation and a widen- ing influence. The Reel Wing Seminary, for young men, carried on by the Norwegian Lutheran Synod, has academic, collegiate and theological departments, and its graduates each year go out to honor and make better the world by useful lives of service. The Lutheran Ladies’ Seminary is an institution for girls and its success is attested in the constant expansion of a very fine plant, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 619 including dormitories, class rooms and last year a beautiful music hall was built. The whole output in buildings and ecpiipment .already represents an investment of thousands of dollars. The school is thriving and it offers exceptional opportunities for young ladies in its literary art, music and domestic courses. Both of these institutions occupy commanding sights on bluffs overlooking the city and the Mississippi river. Supplementing these schools, public and private, are the Carnegie, Lawther public library, with its reference department, growing year by year increasingly valuable ; an historical society and flourishing ladies’ art club. Red Wing is a city of churches. They represent many de- nominations, but all are in accord in their attitude of worship and reverence for all that is good and worthy. There are many beautiful church structures and, under able pastors, the work of the different societies is flourishing. The Swedish Lutheran Church has over one thousand communicants, ' while other Lutheran churches, St. Paul’s Norwegian, Trinity Evangelical, St. John’s German, St. Paul’s English, have strong parishes. The First Methodist Church is now building a very beautiful edifice to cost $35,000. and the Swedish and German Methodists have distinct organizations. The Presbyterians — the first religious or- ganization in the city — are prosperous, and Christ Episcopal Church, with its graceful gothic structure occupying one of the beauty spots of the city, is thriving. Several other smaller but no less earnest parishes are .doing excellent work, among them the Swedish mission Society, with its tasteful new church and par- sonage. Red Wing was one of the earliest settlements in Minnesota. Swiss missionaries came among the Sioux Indians in 1837. The first man to permanently settle here Avas Rev. J. W. Hancock, first a preacher to the Indians, then first pastor of the Presby- terian Church. He exerted a benignant influence over the city, living until 1907, when he passed away like a ripened shock of wheat, beloved by little children, revered by all. Red Wing was the first home of Hamline College, and here for long years it flourished. The city owes much to the honored men who founded and those who afterwards maintained its business and social life. Among those of recent years avIio have done much to stimulate civic pride and give character to the beauty and tone of life here by their gifts are Theodore B. Sheldon, who becpieathed over $80,000 to build the auditorium — the finest municipal auditorium in the United States ; Mrs. Margaret Beteher, $20,000 for a memorial chapel to her husband, Charles Beteher. at Oakwood cemetery; E. IT. Blodgett, a gateway to Oakwood cemetery cost- ing several thousands; a site for the public library and more re- 650 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY cently the gift of $50,000 for a Y. M. C. A. building, now being constructed, by James Lawther, one of the pioneers of Red Wing. These generous donations furthering the upbuilding of the town are but an index of the spirit of citizenship here. That spirit per- vades the hearts of all — the well-to-do and, as well, those in more moderate circumstances, and is bound to make itself felt in the future years more and more potentially. Red Wing’s past is secure. The pages of the nation’s history are adorned by the illustrious deeds of its heroes, who, under Colvill, made the charge at Gettysburg one of its imperishable assets ; Minnesota is indebted to it for one of its best governors, Hon. Lucius F. Hubbard, distinguished as soldier and civilian, while it has given to the world, at home and elsewhere, an un- usual number of honored and useful lives. Red AY ing ’s present is prosperous and happy. Twelve thousand thrifty people, living contentedly among its bluffs and along the Mississippi, con- sider it an inestimable privilege to dwell in one of the most favored beauty spots of picturesque America. Red Wing’s future looms up large, safe and enjoyable to those who know it best. They are confident that, with the growth of Greater America, which shall utilize the Mississippi as an inland canal for freight and passenger service, that shall see further railroad and trolley service, that shall press into practical use in larger measure the auto and the air ship — that in an era like this, Red Wing, with its expanding business, its widening area of teeming factories, its splendid educational system keeping pace, in public schools and seminaries, with the best the country affords, with its magnificent civic spirit alive to all that beautifies and ennobles — with all these, Red Wing will continue to be for those who prize honest industry, happy homes, high civic ideals, “The Desirable City.’’ — Henry R. Cobb. The Red Wing “Sentinel’’ was the seventeenth newspaper es- tablished in Minnesota. At the beginning it was a four-page, six- column, independent sheet. The first issue was dated about July 20, 1855. Its editor was William Colvill, Jr., and its pub- lishers Dan S. Merritt and James C. Hutchins. Colvill having been elected secretary of the Territorial Council of 1856, W. AY. Phelps, then register of the United States Land Office at Red Wing, volunteered to help him out as temporary editor. It seems that neither could give the paper the time it needed, and on May 15, 1856, the “Pioneer and Democrat’’ announced that the editor of the “Sentinel” and its proprietors had that week printed their valedictory. The press and material were then sold to Alexis Bailly, one of the proprietors of the town of Hastings, Dakota county, and were used to start the Dakota Weekly “Journal.” The Minnesota “Gazette” was the twenty-seventh newspaper HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 651 published in Minnesota. No hies are in existence that can be found. The origin of this paper was as follows : The press and material of the Red Wing “Sentinel” having been sold to Alexis Badly on May 15, 1856, and moved from Red Wing to Hastings to start the Dakota Weekly “Journal,” Red Wing was left with- out a newspaper. Nehemiah Y. and Cornelius Bennett then stepped in with a new plant and started the Minnesota “Gazette.” As the “Pioneer and Democrat,” of St. Paul, on July 3, 1856, and the Northwestern “Democrat” of Minneapolis, on July 5th, an- nounced the receipt of the first number of the “Gazette,” it is safe to assume that it was started about July 1. N. V. Bennett was the editor and Cornelius Bennett the publisher. June 6. 1857, the Red Wing “Gazette” changed owners, Mr. Bennett having sold to Dan S. Merritt. Mr. Merritt published the paper under the name of the “Gazette,” according to statistics as late as July 25, 1857, and then changed the name back to the Red Wing “Sentinel,” picking up the old volume and number of the “Sentinel” and going on as though the “Gazette” had never existed. Red Wing “Sentinel,” No. 2, was the fifty-seventh newspaper begun in Minnesota. After Merritt and Hutchins sold the press and materials of the “Sentinel,” No. 1. to Alexis Bailly, it went to Hastings, as has been stated. The “Gazette” was then started by N. V. and C. Bennett, and Merritt went into the hotel business. Tiring of that business, he bought the “Gazette,” according to the “Advertiser,” of St. Paul, about June 1. 1857. and ran it un- der that name until about August 1 of that year, as the “Adver- tiser” quotes, the “Gazette” as late as July 25. The issue of August 1 of the “Advertiser” then makes its first mention of the “Sentinel,” so that must have been about the time the change was made. Bennett, in the. meantime, formed another alliance with William Colvill, afterward well known as the colonel of the First Minnesota regiment, so that the latter became editor of the “Sentinel” No. 2, as he had been of No. 1. Bennett also be- came its publisher, and, without further ceremony, the volume and numbers of Red Wing “Sentinel,” No. 1, were picked up and carried on, the same as though there had been no sale of the press and material of the old “Sentinel” to Bailly, no valedictory of the “Sentinel,” as noted by the “Pioneer and Democrat” of May 15, 1855, and no intervening publication of the Minnesota Gazette to supply its place. On March 26, 1859, Merritt sold again, and on April 9, 1859, E. A. Littlefield and Martin Maginnis, the latter afterward delegate to Congress from Montana, became the publishers, Colvill remaining as editor. On February 1, 1860. Colvill sold his interest to W. W. Phelps, who had been the mem- ber of Congress from the Red Wing district, because, as he said 652 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY in his retiring editorial, he foresaw a Democratic storm coming in the Charleston convention. In the next issue of the “Senti- nel” Phelps appeared as editor. On August 15, 1860, Littlefield dropped out and Maginnis went on alone as publisher, Phelps remaining as editor. At a meeting noted for its patriotism, held April 23, 1861, in Red Wing, a company called the Goodhue Volunteers was organized and William Colvill was unanimously elected captain and Martin Maginnis first sergeant. The next day the “Sentinel,” at Vol. 5, No. 39, April 24, 1861, was discon- tinued. Its material was sold to James Parker, and made the basis of the Goodhue “Volunteer,” a patriotic paper which did excellent service for the Union until it, in turn, died near the close of the war. The Red Wing “Republican” was the sixty-second weekly begun in Minnesota territory, and its first issue was dated Sep- temper 4, 1857, with L. F. Hubbard as editor. That its founda- tion, even in those insecure times, was built deep and strong, is shown by the fact that it is one of the few Minnesota newspapers which survived the trying crises of 1857 and is yet in good work- ing order. It started as a four-page, seven-column sheet, and it then was and still is Republican in politics. November 20, 1857, F. D. Meredith, who died some years ago, became associated with L. F. Hubbard, and the firm name was Hubbard & Meredith until October 1, 1858. Then Meredith retired and Mr. Hubbard went on alone until August 12, 1859, when Charles L. Davis joined him and the managers became Hubbard & Davis, the for- mer being the main editor. At that time the name was changed to the Goodhue County “Republican.” December 19, 1861, Mr. Hubbard enlisted in the Fifth Minnesota regiment and the firm of Hubbard & Davis was dissolved. F. D. Meredith became the proprietor and Mr. Davis the editor and manager. March 28, 1862, the ownership and editorial management Avent to C. L. Davis, and Meredith once more retired. Then Davis enlisted in the Tenth Minnesota infantry and, September 19, 1862, placed E. A. Littlefield in charge, who became the editor. At that date the paper was cut to six columns, on account of hard times. May 27. 1864, Littlefield turned over the paper to Colonel Colvill, satisfied, as he said, that there Avas “more honor than profit in running a country newspaper.” Colvill printed a salutatory tersely characteristic of the hero of Gettysburg. It ran as fol- lows: “With this issue I take charge of the ‘Republican.’ Cor- respondence should lie addressed accordingly.” August 26. 1864, the paper Avent back to the seven-column issue, Davis still retaining his interest. March 30, 1866, IT. Iv. Parker became editor and part proprietor. August 9, 1867, William R. Snider bought half of the paper and December 18, 1868, he bought the remain- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 653 ing half. June 10, 1869, T. H. Perkins, of the Lake City “Leader,” bought a half interest of Snider and, September 30, 1869, Snider sold the other half to S. P. Jennison, the firm becoming Jennison & Perkins. December 26, 1878, Perkins retired and Mr. Jennison became sole proprietor. He continued alone until July 29, 1880, when there was a combination of the Goodhue County “Repub- lican” with B. B. Herbert’s “Advance.” The “Advance” was printed Wednesdays and the “Republican” Saturdays. Novem- ber 29, 1884, the “Republican,” the “Advance” and the “Sun,” established in January, 1884, united under the ownership of the Red Wing Printing Company. The “Advance” and the “Re- publican” were united December 3, 1884, under the name “Ad- vance-Republican,” which was published on Wednesdays, and the “Sun” on Saturdays, with Mr. Herbert and Tams Bixby as editors. October 12, 1885, the first number of the Red Wing Daily “Republican” was issued. The two weekly editions were then joined into one, published on Wednesdays, the name being the “Advance-Sun.” The confusion arising from the fact that the name of the daily and weekly editions Avere not the same, after some years, caused the name of the weekly to be changed to the Red Wing “Republican,” in July, 1895. For a while a semi- weekly edition was again attempted but was once more changed to a weekly, its circulation being almost exclusively in the rural districts. January 1, 1886, Mr. Bixby retired and Mr. Herbert and Gen. Jennison became editors and proprietors. In November, 1889, Mr. Herbert sold his interest to Jennison; and in March, 1894, Bixby bought Mr. Jennison ’s interest, and stil continues as president of the company. C. A. Rasmussen became associated with the paper under Herbert & Jennison, first as circulation manager of the Daily “Republican,” and later as local editor. On the retirement of these men and the assumption of political duties by Mr. Bixby, Mr. Rasmussen took charge of the paper. In 1898 Mr. Rasmussen was appointed postmaster. J. S. Brenne- man took charge of the business department and Jens K. Gron- dahl became managing editor. Mr. Brenneman sold his interest in the company to A. E. Verity in 1901, the latter becoming managing editor and Mr. Grondahl, who had been away from the business for a short period, returned and took up the duties of business manager. In 1903 Mr. Verity disposed of his holdings and Mr. Grondahl became manager of the business and editorial departments. The “Republican” is an influential sheet, Avell Avritten and carefully edited. It has always taken a leading part in the civic and industrial progress of Red Wing and has assisted in mould- ing that sentiment of mutual helpfulness and prosperity which HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY (i54 has done so much to give the city the position it now occupies. It aims to thoroughly cover the local and county field, to present dignified editorials on the important topics of the day and to give 1 he telegraphic news of the world. Its advertising columns are well patronized, and form a desirable medium for reaching the people of the city and county. The weekly edition contains a resume of the news of the week in a more condensed form than appears in the daily. Red Wing Printing Company. The “Republican” has, since its beginning, conducted a job printing department but, through- out the early years, the newspaper was predominant. In 1884, with consolidation of the “Sun” and “Advance” with the “Re- publican,” the job department became more conspicuous. The history of the job department has been practically that of the newspaper and has been in charge of the same officers. In the past eight or ten years the job department has carried on a vigorous campaign to develop taste for high class printing and in this campaign it has been very successful. The kind of stationery and general printing turned out in Red Wing ten or fifteen years ago would not today be accepted at any price, because of this de- velopment of high class art printing. The best and latest im- proved machinery that money can buy is used in this department and some of the best printers in this part of the country have been in charge, the present competent force being under the direction of David Gustafson, who has won wide recognition as an artistic printer. Every kind of printing, from a letter head to a beauti- fully bound book, with all kinds of artistic catalogue printing and high class advertising specialties, are produced. The reputa- tion of the products of this company has extended all over this country and printers’ journals make use of samples of work originating with the Red Wing Printing Company. There have even been instances when large printing establishments in Europe have sent for samples of the Red Wing Printing Company prod- ucts to get new and improved ideas. Aside from holding the business of the local field, the company has a large amount of work from cities and villages throughout the Northwest. The company moved into its present commodious building in March, 1909. The present officers are : President, Tams Bixby ; vice presi- dent, C. A. Rasmussen; secretary and manager, Jens Iv. Gron- dahl; treasurer, N. Halvorson. The “Advance” was established in October, 1873, with E. J. Hodgson and B. B. Herbert as editors, under the name of the “Grange Advance,” and was in its original design devoted to the promotion of home manufactures and the advancement of agricultural and industrial interests and the upbuilding of the order of the Patrons of Husbandry as a social and educational HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY" 655 institution among the farmers. At the end of the first six months, owing to the pressure of other busines Mr. Hodgson retired and Mr. Herbert continued the publication alone, and during the sum- mer of 1874 associated with him Dr. T. R. Mann, of St. Paul, in the editorial work. During the fall of 1874 the nature of the paper was changed to a strictly local paper, and Mr. Mann re- tired. August 25, 1875, Mr. Herbert sold the paper to II. II. Young and, May 28. 1878, Mr. Young sold the paper to the “Ad- vance” Publishing Company. At the time of its consolidation with the “Republican,” Mr. Herbert had again assumed the management. The Red Wing “Journal” was published in May, 1890. by A. F. Ingalls, owner of the Pine Island “Record.” It was published several years under this management and then purchased in July, 1896, by W. AY. Woodbeck, of Minneapolis. In December of the same year, AVarney & Pratt, of Minneapolis, purchased the plant of Mr. Woodbeck and resold the same to him in February, 1897. The “Journal” was again sold in April, 1897, to E. L. Grondahl, who placed E. D. Morris in charge. The plant was then taken over by the “Times” Printing Company and the name changed to the Red AYing “Times,” the managers and editors being David Gustafson and E. C. Sykes. The Consolidated Commercial Print- ing Company then conducted it until it was combined with the “Argus.” The Red Wing “Free Press” was established September 24. ' 1909, by N. P. Olson, of Anoka, Minn., who, on July 16, 1909. pur- chased the “News” from the trustees who had been in charge. Mr. Olson is an experienced newspaper man and has some ex- cellent plans for making his paper a success. He was managing editor of the “Penny Press” for three years, then conducted the Minnesota “Democrat,” which he moved to Anoka and edited for eight years as the Anoka “Free Press.” The Red AYing “Free Press” is Democratic in polities, and is designed to become the mouthpiece of the Democracy in this locality. The Red Wing “Independent” was started by Douglas II. Tandy and Prof. 0. Whitman and continued for a few months. It was then discontinued for a short time but later resumed pub- lication. The active editor, during a greater part of its existence, was Jens K. Grondahl. A biographical work has said of this paper: “When the Red Wing ‘Independent’ was started iu 1891. Jens K. Grondahl was engaged to conduct the paper, a post which proved to consist in preparing all the local and editorial ‘copy,’ distributing it among the three printing offices which did the ‘setting up’ and, after the matter was in type, collecting the type and carrying it to the office where the paper was printed. Occa- sionally these manifold duties were supplemented by the light 65G HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY work of running off the edition on. the cylinder press and de- livering the paper to the waiting customers.” After a short period of existence the paper was discontinued. The Red Wing “Argus.” In October, 1864, a company of leading Democrats was formed for the purpose of issuing a news- paper. This company purchased the Goodhue County “Volun- teer,” changed its name and issued the first number of the Red Wing “Argus,” with Edmund R. Otis as agent and editor. Mr. Otis retired in October, 1868, and was succeeded by C. F. George as editor and publisher. In June the office was sold to Capt. Charles L. Davis, who employed E. R. Otis as editor. After changing necessitudes the paper was purchased, in the nineties, by Sulzer, Shedd & Livingstone and issued in the form of a Sun- day paper. In December, 1897, it Avas purchased by the Red Wing “Times,” but the name “Argus” retained. In April, 1890, L. G. Meacham and AY. G. Mack purchased the “Argus” and in July of the same year sold to 0. G. AA 7 all, of Minneapolis, and E. S. Haines, of Wabasha, who continued the publication until about March, 1900, when the Goodhue County “News” moved from Cannon Falls and absorbed the “Argus.” The Goodhue County “News” was started in Cannon Falls by M. S. Norelius, of Vasa, and V. E. Johnson, of Minneapolis. Mr. Norelius sold his interest to Mr. Johnson, who moved the plant to Red Wing in 1900, forming a partnership with J. S. Pardee, of St. Paul. The company absorbed the “Argus,” and both the “News” and the “Argus” were continued under one manage- ment. After some months, E. G. Schmied, of Chicago, purchased Mr. Johnson’s interest, and the company became Pardee & Schmied. The Goodhue County “News” and the Red Wing “Argus” were issued from the same office and, aside from the title page, were identical, the “News” being the country edition and the “Argus” the city edition. During about two years of this management the “Argus” was issued in tabloid form as the official organ of Minnesota Democracy. In 1904 the Red Wing “Daily News” was started and existed for exactly one year, until Thanksgiving Day, 1905. G. II. Allen then took over the weekly edition and published the Goodhue County “News and Argus Press,” as he called it. After Mr. Allen’s departure from town the “News” was taken by a board of trustees and issued from the Republican office. July 16, 1909, it was sold to N. P. Olson, of Anoka. Second Class Rates. The postoffice records show the granting of second class rates to many publications. The following dates, supplied by the local postoffice, does not in all instances indicate the date of the establishment or the date of discontinuation of the various papers mentioned, as such dates are not always co- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 657 incident with the granting and withdrawing of second class rates, but the list is interesting, nevertheless, in that it shows the’ period during which the various publications were sent through the mails : “Public Health,” monthly, published by the State Board of Health ; granted in May, 1885, and discontinued September, 1891. Daily “Republican,” daily, published by the Red Wing Print- ing Company; granted October, 1885. Red Wing “Republican,” weekly, published by the Red Wing Printing Company ; granted January, 1895. “Advance Sun,” weekly, published by the Red Wing Printing Company; granted October, 1885, and discon- tinued July, 1895. “Parish Messenger,” monthly, published by the rector of the Episcopal Church; granted November, 1885, and discontinued June, 1891. “Argus,” weekly, published by Charles Davis; discontinued March, 1900. Goodhue County “News,” weekly, published by Pardee & Schmied; granted March, 1900. and discontinued September, 1909. “Budbareren,” weekly, published by the Hauge Printing and Publishing Society ; granted August 1, 1879. “Bornevennen, ” weekly, published by the Hauge Printing and Publishing Society; granted August, 1879. “Little Messenger,” weekly, published by the Hauge Printing and Publishing Society; granted January, 1905. “River- side,” semi-monthly, published by the State Training School; granted September, 1893, and was discontinued October, 1905. “Riverside,” monthly, published by the State Training School; granted October, 1905. “Our School,” monthly, published by Boraas & Kunze; granted November, 1902, and discontinued De- cember, 1905. “Hemnica 1 ,” monthly, published by the Red Wing Seminary; granted October, 1904. “Cresset,” monthly, published by the Red Wing Ladies’ Seminary. Red AYing “Methodist.” monthly, published by the pastor of the Methodist Church : granted June, 1893, and discontinued September, 1891. “Agrarian,” monthly; granted March, 1895, and discontinued February, 1896. “Herald,” granted March, 1895, and discon- tinued February, 1896. “Secrets of Success,” monthly, published by W. L. Beeman; granted August, 1890, and discontinued 1891. The “Independent,” weekly; granted January, 1892, and discon- tinued March, 1892. The “Nordstjernen, ” weekly, published by the Red AYing Printing company; granted January, 1895, and discon- tinued November, 1898. The “Journal,” published by A. F. In- galls; granted May, 1890, and discontinued December, 1897. The “Teutonia,” published by II. Risch; granted August, 1892. and discontinued March, 1899. The “Free Press,” weekly, published by N. P. Olson; granted September, 1909. Aside from the printing plants connected with newspapers, there have been various independent plants in Red Wing. At 658 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY the present time Arthur T. Gibson operates the plant of S. N. Gibson & Son, on Bush street, and Russell & McGiverin (Ray- mond R. and Harry S.) have a plant on Third street. There is a printing plant at the Minnesota State Training School, and at the Red Wing Seminary is the press of the Idauge Printing and Pub- lishing Company, from which is issued several denominational papers and religious books. At one time Peter Sjblom published several boys’ magazines here, and in former days Leonard Hodg- man and George F. Enz had amateur print shops. Jens K. Grondahl, who gives his vocation as “newspaperman,” was born at Eidsvold, near Christiania, Norway, December 3, 1861), son of Lars and Inger Margrethe (Julsrud) Grondahl, natives of that country. The father, Lars Grondahl, was a farmer of limited means but with advanced ideas as to the education and training of his children, a man of warm heart and generous dispo- sition. lie died in 1895 at the age of 72. His wife, mother of Jens K., is still living. The subject of this sketch began his schooling in his native town and continued it in Red Wing, to which city he came as a boy of 11 years. After attending the local public schools for two years he entered the Red Wing Semi- nary and graduated in 1887 with high honors. During this period he engaged in various boyish business enterprises, which resulted in valuable experience if not always in big profits. Later he attended the University of Minnesota for some time. Shortly before graduating from the seminary he won an oratorical prize of fifteen dollars. With this he opened a small confectionery store and in this connection printed cards, sold rubber stamps, carried papers and acted as correspondent for several Twin City dailies. When the Red Wing Daily “Independent” was started in 1891 he was engaged to conduct that paper, and while occupy- ing this position received considerable newspaper training, do- ing, at times, everything from peddling the papers to turning the press and writing local articles and profound editorials on the nation’s destiny. During the summer of 1897 Mr. Grondahl had an experience which, in moments of confidence, he occasionally relates to his intimate friends. Having a little spare time on his hands and having made a success of writing humorous squibs and pathetic verse for the magazines and newspapers, he decided to attempt humorous lecturing, at a season of tire year when the most experienced lyceurn stars would fail to secure a hearing. An ex- perience in Hastings, where, instead of beginning his lecture “Ladies and gentlemen,” he was compelled to address his audi- ence of one as “Dear sir,” and at another place, where a thunder storm vied with his voice in holding the attention of the auditors, convinced the youthful lecturer that summer was not the proper season in which to make a fortune in the lyceurn field. The cam- Jens Iv. Grondahl HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 659 paign of 1892 found Mr. Grondahl an active worker in the Re^ publican ranks. Two years later he became a candidate for the > legislature to represent Goodhue county in the lower house. A bitter fight against the “boy” candidate ended in his election by a large majority, he being one of the youngest men ever given a seat in the Minnesota legislature. He was successively reelected for two terms, serving six years in all, and declining a fourth nomination, grateful for his political experience, but feeling that he had made all the sacrifices of time and energy in public of- fice which a young man starting out in life could well afford. The real importance of his work in the legislature can best be judged by the future. In 1895 his refusal to accept passes from the railroad companies while a member of the legislature, and his subsequent position on this and kindred matters, was the beginning of the anti-pass legislation, state and national, which has since been enacted. It is needless to say that so radical a departure from prevailing ideas would naturally bring a storm of opposition and ridicule, and many were the wiseacres at home and abroad who shook their heads and questioned the young man’s tact in calling attention to and questioning the so-called courtesies which corporations so freely extended and which public officials so freely accepted. There was a diversity of opinion among the press of the country, but many of the newspapers of the East, as well as the West, particularly the New York “Sun,” heartily concurred in the young legislator’s action. This stand, however, did not cost him the loss of the good will of fellow members nor did it impair his influence or usefulness as a legis- lator, as some had predicted. On the contrary, it made him many staunch friends, with whom he afterwards cooperated in secur- ing progressive legislation. Mr. Grondahl has had the satisfac- tion of seeing men, who scoffed at his attitude then, sit in legis- lative bodies since and by their votes enact laws against receiving- favors from the railroad corporations, as demanded by the people and a result of the agitation which had its origin with him in 1895. He was the leader in the campaign for a better system of caring for the chronic insane in this state and. while his efforts did not result in the adoption of a modified and improved copy of the Wisconsin cottage plan, which he advocated, it called at- tention to the need of better methods than those in vogue and resulted in some beneficial changes. While he was not the author of the law establishing the “piece price system” at the state prison, to replace the antiquated and cruel contract system, and one big step in the direction of still better laws, he nevertheless bore the brunt of that successful fight and received the appre- ciation of free labor, with which prison made goods came into competition. He had charge of training school legislation and 660 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY was instrumental in securing other laws beneficial to the state and county. In 1906, at his first re-nomination as a candidate from the Red AVing district, he received the honor by acclama- tion, there being no opposing candidate. He also received the election without opposition. In 1897 he was a formidable candi- date for the speakership of the House. During his years of political activity Mr. Grondahl did considerable campaigning throughout the state under the auspices of the Republican state central committee. Being able to- present the issues of the cam- paigns in either English or Norwegian, his services as a speaker were naturally in demand. Since 1892 Mr. Grondahl has been connected with the Red AVing Daily “Republican,” and from January, 1895, to November, 1898, was editor of the “Nordstjer- neu,” a Norwegian weekly issued by the same company. In the spring of 1 89G he was elected secretary of the Minnesota Repub- lican Editorial Association, and in 1898 was secretary of the Minnesota Taft Club. He took an active part in the Republican state conventions for several years. In August, 1896, he was chosen as one of the delegates to represent Minnesota in the national convention of Republican clubs at Milwaukee. He is at present editor and manager of the “Republican,” published by the Red AVing Printing Company. He is the president of the Red Wing Commercial Club and a member of the Red AVing Manu- facturers’ Association. He is interested in a business way in two or three enterprises to which he does not give personal attention. It might be mentioned in passing that Mr. Grondahl is the author of a number of sketches and verses, both humorous and pathetic, written either for pleasure or as a part of his newspaper work. The Spanish- American war song, “Fighting for Cuba,” had a national circulation at that time and is preserved in papers and books of that period. Henry Ridgway Cobb, managing editor of the Red AVing Daily “Republican,” was born in Portland, Maine, and received a classical and literary education in the public schools of his native place, in Tabor College, Iowa, and in the Minnesota State Uni- versity. His early bent was toward a literary life, and as a young man he entered newspaper work as a matter of personal pref- erence. He has been connected with several newspapers of Iowa and Nebraska, and in 1882 came to Minnesota and established the Hubbard County “Enterprise,” the first weekly newspaper north of the Northern Pacific railroad, between Duluth and the Red River valley. This paper had an important influence on the up- building of Hubbard county. Since 1904 Mr. Cobb has occupied his present position on the “Republican,” and has taken an im- portant part in the advocacy of many public reforms. Always an ardent Republican, Mr. Cobb has seen public service as county HISTORY OE GOODHUE COUNTY 661 auditor of Hubbard county, Minnesota, in 1883-84, and as post- master at Park Rapids, Minn., from 1889 to 1893. Prior to coming to Red Wing Mr. Cobb was a Congregationalist, but lie now affiliates with the Red Wing Presbyterian Church. He was married January 8, 1884, to Charlotte P. Ricker, and this union has been blessed with four children: John Edward, born at Park Rapids, Minn., November 28, 1885; Alma May, born at Park Rapids, Minn., November 26, 1887 ; Hazel Isabel, born at Lime Springs, Iowa, August 10, 1895 ; Helen Avis, born at Park Rapids, Minn., June 14, 1900. Mr. Cobb has a fluent pen and possesses that appreciation of news value which is so essential in a news- paperman. His past career in the journalistic, field has been a successful one, and his friends predict that he has a still broader field ahead of him. George W. Cobb, father of Id. R. Cobb, was born in Maine in 1815, descended from one of the oldest English colonial families of that state. He was the largest lumber dealer in Portland, Maine, during the Civil war, came west in 1872 and died in Minneapolis, Minn., in 1909. The mother was of Scotch- Irish ancestry, her forebears having settled in Maine in the seven- teenth century. She was born in Yarmouth, Maine, in 1819, and died in Minneapolis, Minn., in 1889. The National Editorial Association, which has become a most influential organization, with members all over the United States, owes its origin to B. B. Herbert, while editor of the ‘‘Republican.” He became the first president of this organization, has been on its executive committee ever since, and has for many years pub- lished the official organ of the association, the “National Printer- Journalist,” of Chicago. On August 22, 1907, the National Edi- torial Association visited Red Wing and dedicated the new home of the “Republican,” 435-437 Third street, then in process of con- struction. Mr. Herbert delivered the dedicatory address on “Red Wing, the Cradle of the National Editorial Association,” in the presence of several hundred fellow editors and a multitude of other visitors and citizens who were at the same time celebrat- ing “Home-coming Week.” In his address Mr. Herbert said: “In 1884 the great Industrial and Cotton Exposition at New Orleans had been undertaken and advertised, and I concluded that the time had come for getting together the newspaper men, Avho are always foremost in everything designed for industrial promotion, to organize the proposed national body. Propitious was the time, the place and the occasion. Accordingly, I recom- mended the organization in an address, as president, before the Minnesota Editorial Association in the Mahtomedi assembly, on White Bear lake, St. Paul, July 30, 1884. The plan was adopted by resolution at an adjourned session, in the Chequamegon hotel. Ashland, Wis. I was chosen chairman of the committee on or- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 062 ganization and, upon my return home to Red Wing, the real work was begun. Thousands of letters and circulars were sent out and arrangements made for the first convention, which was held in New Orleans in February, 1885. Transportation for delegates from all parts of the United States had been secured by correspondence from Red Wing. The securing of railroad transportation for editors was easier then than now. An or- ganization was perfected February 19 and 20, 1885, and we be- gan to feel how pleasant a thing it is for brothers of the press of a whole nation to dwell together in unity and mutual under- standing. We had there a first taste of American and Southern hospitality. But our newly elected secretary dropped out and our treasurer, Mr. Whitman, of Baltimore, Md., died, so that the second, or Cincinnati, convention, had to be organized and ar- ranged for from this city. I acted as president, secretary and all the other officers, splendidly seconded by the employes of the Red Wing Printing Company, to whom the work seemed to become, as it had been to myself, a work of love, and they received no extra pay except my highest regard. There were no funds, the absenting secretary having used all that had been collected at New Orleans, and all the work had to be performed with no hope of reward. For over two years the National Editorial Associa- tion was nurtured, nourished and cared for without charge, as is the case with most infants in this ‘Desirable City’ of hills and dales, enchanting scenery and the majestic river, so that the claim of Red Wing, as being the cradle of the National Editorial Association, is well founded. I think after enjoying the hos- pitality of the people here, the editors of the nation will say the cradling place was not illy chosen by a kind Providence.” County Fairs. The Goodhue County Agricultural Society was organized in 1863 and held its first fair in Red Wing in 1864. In 1 870 the fair was held at Hader and in 1874 moved to Zumbrota. It is now held in the latter place. The Mississippi Valley Indus- trial Association was organized in 1878 and the first officers were: President, S. II. Purdy; vice president, Charles Betcher ; treas- urer, A. Seeback ; superintendent, F. AY. Cross. Grounds were rented of Mr. Betcher, buildings erected, a race track constructed and other improvements made. The fair was held annually for many years, but was discontinued some time ago. The grounds are now occupied by one of the factories of the Sewer Pipe Works. The Red Wing Merchants’ Association was organized many years ago by the merchants of Red AY in g for mutual protection and benefit as well as for the exploiting and development of Red AYing and Goodhue county. Its aim was to secure for the farm- ers the most advantageous rates for his produce and at the same time give him the best advantages in purchasing the goods which HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY G63 he needed. It also aimed to keep as much trade as possible with- in the limits of the county. During its existence it has done considerable good, and while at the present time it is not active, plans are on foot for its reorganization and revivification. The Red Wing Building Association was incorporated in April. 1877, and for nearly five years conducted its business upon the plan known as the “premium system,” in general use by the building associations in this country. Five years’ experience demonstrated that this system, however well it might work in large cities in times of prosperity, were not adapted to periods of depression in smaller communities. In October, 1881, the association adopted an entirely new and original method of loaning its funds. Under this system, known as the “interest system,” it loans its money on approved real estate security for terms of from three to ten years; the principal and interest being payable in equal monthly installments. Every monthly payment made by the borrower pays all his interest and also reduces the principal of his debt. Upon the expiration of the term the debt is entirely paid off and the mortgage cancelled. This system has become deservedly popular. It has been the means of securing homes for many citizens, because it lias afforded them the easiest, surest and cheapest way of buying a home or paying off an in- cumbrance which has ever been devised. Under this system the association has been remarkably prosperous. The first officers were: President, J. M. Hodgman ; vice president, S. J. Willard; secretary, B. B. Herbert ; treasurer, A. AY. Pratt ; attorney, 0. M. Hall; directors, J. M. Hodgman, AVilliam Howe, B. B. Herbert, A. AA r . Pratt, J. Mclntire, T. K. Simmons, L. A. Hancock, F. Joss, 0. M. Hall, N. 0. AVerner, M. Kappel, C. Id. Boxrud, C. R. Brink. The present officers are: President, 0. M. Hall; vice president, S. IT. Haynes; secretary, A. P. Pierce; treasurer, AY. II. Putnam; directors, F. AV. Kalfahs, O. D. Anderson, O. M. Hall, 0. L. Haw- kanson, S. D. Haynes, C. E. Friedrich, P. Jorgenson, A. P. Pierce, AYilliam Remshardt, AA T . II. Putnam, G. Lillyblad, C. S. Dana. Fred Davis and E. C. Erb. The Scandinavian Benevolent Society was organized February 19, 1869, and incorporated August 1, 1871. The officers at that time were: President, Charles Kempe; vice president, Nicholas Lovgren ; secretary, J. G. Gustafson ; treasurer, Olaf Peterson. The relief committee Avas : T. G. Pierson, John Melander, John Swanstrom, B. Dunnell and H. Skoog. The present officers are : President, J. O. Hanson; vice president, O. L. Hawkanson; re- cording secretary, John A. Anderson ; financial secretary, John F. Erickson; treasurer, Andrew Lindgren. The order is purely a local one and has about 225 members. The Red Wing Humane Society was organized about the year HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 664 1895 and the first officers were Rev. J. H. Sammis, A. J. Meacham; AY. H. Putnam and Dr. F. AAA Dimmit. Dr. Dimmit as secretary and Mr. Putnam as treasurer still remain in active service in the society. The police officers are ex-officio members. During its existence the society has alleviated much suffering, and has investigated many cases of cruelty to animals and children. Owners of abused or neglected animals are warned in regard to. their treatment of the creatures in their care, and all eases of neglected or illy used children are speedily investigated, and measures of relief adopted. The society is connected with both the state and national bodies. The Historical Society (Red AA r ing) was organized on July 12, 1905, for the purpose, not only of awakening and maintaining in- terest in the early history of Goodhue county, but also of pre- serving such records and manuscripts as were already in ex- istence, as well as securing and preserving new manuscript from its members. The society has held meetings from time to time and listened to a number of lectures by various Minnesota his- torians. AVhile of late few meetings have been held, there has recently been a revival of interest which will doubtless result in awakened activity. The first officers were: Honorary president, Rev. J. AAA Hancock; president, Judge AY. C. AYilliston; first vice president, D. C. Hill; second vice president, Mrs. AY. C. AYilliston ; third vice president, Dr. AAA M. Sweney; secretary and treasurer, Lucia Danforth ; executive committee, Mrs. C. E. Sheldon, Anna AYilkinson and AY. R. Putnam; committee on historical articles, E. P. Seeley, Dr. AV. M. Swenev, E. P. Neill, C. A. Beteher. The officers elected in 1907 were : Honorary president, Rev. J. AY. Hancock ; president, Judge AT. C. AYilliston ; first vice president, D. 0. Hill - second vice president. Dr. AY. M. Svreney; third vice president, Mrs. AY. C. AYilliston; secretary, H. A. AYillard; treas- urer, Amelie E. AYillard; executive committee, Mrs. C. E. Sheldon and Frances Densmore. Since that time there has been no election. Colvill Park. In the winter of 1906-7 a proposition was made to the city of Red AYing for the purchase of the Colvill home- stead, situated on the Mississippi river in the eastern part of the city, a short distance below Barn bluff. The board of public works favored the buying of this property to be used as a public park and bathing beach. A petition urging its purchase, signed by representative business men. was presented to the city coun- cil, but that body looked unfavorably upon the project and re- jected it. The board of public works, as constituted at that time, resigned and Colvill park proposition was put to sleep. But its slumber was rudely molested in the summer of 1908 by the drowning in the bay of a young high school student. Several HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 665 accidents of a similar nature had occurred in the same place. This particularly sad drowning emphasized strongly the impera- tive need of a public bathing beach where there would be no danger of sacrificing lives. This need resulted in an active cam- paign on the part of the ladies. Mrs. D. M. Neill became its leader and it had for its purpose the securing of the Colvill property for park and bathing purposes. Mrs. Neill put all her energies of heart and mind into the project and secured the co- operation and aid of the ladies of Red Wing in promoting it. On the evening of July 18, a public park meeting was held in the library building. It resulted in the organization of the Colvill Park Association, with 'the following ladies serving as officers: Mrs. D. M. Neill, president; Mrs. H. L. Hjermstad, first vice presi- dent; Mrs. C. E. Friedrich, second vice president; Mrs. G. E. Gates, third vice president; Mrs. Jennie Lovgren, secretary; Mrs. Hugo Herder, treasurer. The executive committee was com- posed of Mesdames S. E. Ilasler, C. Steaffens, C. S. Dana, Id. R. Cobb and Miss Helen Graham. On July 27 another meeting was held and the announcement was made that the $1,500 necessary for the purchase of the thirty-acre tract desired had, after a vigorous campaign, been raised. On July 31 the money was paid over to G. E. Freeman, of whom the property was bought, and the deed delivered to the association. Colvill park was opened for the public on August 1 and numerous improvements were at once made. It proved an exceedingly popular resort for the Red Wing public during the remainder of the season. This season (1909) it has been even more popular and its place as the real recreation park of the people has been fully established. The young men and boys have found it a delightful place for bathing. Suitable bathing houses have been erected and as high as 250 have taken advantage of its bathing facilities in a single day. A caretaker was employed from the outset to watch the young people and prevent any possible accident. The park is located about two miles below the city on a point projecting into the river, and can be reached both by land and water. The present officers are: President, Mrs. D. M. Neill; vice-president. Mrs. C. E. Friedrich; second vice-president, Mrs. S. E. Noble; third vice-president, Mrs. G. E. Gates; secretary, Mabel Miller; treasurer, Mrs. Hugo Herder. The members of the executive committee whose terms had expired were re-elected. These were Mrs. Sarah Ilasler, Mrs. C. Staeffens. Mrs. T. R. Gates was elected to fill a vacancy in the executive board. The other members of the board are: Mrs. E. G. Erb, Mrs. Nels Tufvesson, Mrs. C. S. Dana and Helen Graham. CHAPTER XXXIV. LIVES OF LEADING MEN. Principal Events in the Careers of Pioneers Who Have Now Passed Away — Biographies of Men Who Are Still Active in Business, Professional and Commercial Interests — Gathered with Care from Various Sources, Carefully Compiled and Submitted for Approval. It has been said that the true history of any nation or locality lies in the biographies of its men and women. To a great extent this is true. In order that the principal events in the lives of the pioneers, and in the careers of the men still active in the af- fairs of the county, should not be forgotten by future generations the publishers of this work have gathered from various sources biographies of the leading men of the county, past and present, for insertion in this chapter. In the cities and villages the men whose lives are told are those prominent in professional, busi- ness and manufacturing endeavor, while in the farm districts the men included are those who by hard work have tilled the soil and by bringing their farms to a high degree of cultivation have laid the foundations for the prosperity of the county. It is be- lieved that the following list is a truly representative one, and that this chapter will stand for all time as a story of successful endeavor and an inspiration to countless generations to come, that they, too, like those whose stories follow, may make the best of the conditions in which they are placed, and however great the obstacles, become successful and respected citizens. The following sketches of living men have been submitted to the subjects of the sketches and have, with a very few exceptions, been corrected and approved. The sketches of the pioneers now deceased have been submitted to those best qualified to judge of their correctness. Many biographies not included in this list are found scattered through the various chapters in different parts of the book. Philander Sandford was the first lawyer who settled in Red AVing. He visited the place in the summer of 1853, and invested in a claim-right of some lots very soon after the survey of the HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 667 original town plat. He was born in Ontario comity, New York; emigrated to Detroit, Mich., with his parents while quite young, and there studied law and was admitted to the bar of the supreme court of that state in 1853. In March, 1854, he was married to Sarah J. Lee, and soon after wrote to jj lady then in Red Wing, who was expecting to be ready to take boarders that season, that he should be here as early in the spring as possible and expect to board at her house, and intimated that there would be “two of us” when he should arrive. The boarding house keeper made preparations accordingly and in due time the young lawyer and his bride were settled in the new village, and both entered heart- ily into every enterprise that would help build up the place. Mr. Sandford first built an office for his professional work, and next a residence for his family. He was appointed district attorney by the governor of the territory that year, and was elected to the same office after the full organization of the county. Mr. Sand- ford proved himself a good counsellor; was always ready to give safe legal advice in matters of litigation. He was a man of strict integrity in the transaction of business intrusted to his care. He died May 30. 1881 . He made profession of his faith in Christ, and joined the Presbyterian church. He was also a member of the Masonic fraternity. Captain Willett W. DeKay. In the month of June, 1891, an- other of the oldest residents of Red Wing departed this life. Per- haps no one in the vicinity was better known at the time of his death than W. W. DeKay. He was born in Orange county, New York, in 1831; emigrated to this county in 1854, where he had been a resident for nearly forty years. He enlisted in 1861 in Company E. Third Regiment, serving four years in the army; was promoted first to a lieutenancy, and afterwards became cap- tain of this company; was married in November, 1862, to Ellen O’Reily. They had four children, of whom two are living. He filled various offices in this city with a faithfulness and industry seldom equaled ; Avas for several years city marshal ; also health officer; and served as postmaster for the term of four years. He Avas ever ready to help the needy and sympathize with the unfor- tunate; Avas faithful in every trust imposed upon him; a kind, true friend, a public spirited citizen has gone to his reward. Funeral services were attended in the Episcopal church, of which he was a member, by a large concourse of citizens, and a Amry large num- ber folloAved his remains to rest in that abode of the dead, in the ornamenting and beautifying of which he had taken so much in- terest. Swante J. Willard, for many years county auditor, Avas born in Fjellkinge, Sweden, July 10, 1828. He graduated as teacher and organist from the seminary at Lund, Avhich entitled him to a 668 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY life position in the government schools. Fie taught until 1853, when he came to the United States with Hans Mattson and set- tled in Vasa. The story of the early life of these two gentlemen is told in their own words in other parts of this volume. In 1860, he became deputy auditor and in 1864 succeeded to the position of county auditor, an office he held for twenty-four years. Hav- ing in the meantime taken up his residence in Red Wing, he was appointed clerk of the water board three years after the works were erected, and retained the position until within three years of his death. . At the time of his death, March 18, 1903, it was written: “Mr. Willard’s valuable services as a conscientious, accurate and painstaking public servant are well known, it being the current report that while serving as county auditor he never made a clerical error. His long life in this city and his assistance in the early development of Goodhue county will long remain in the minds and hearts of the people of Red Wing.” In 1851 he married Anna Mattson, who died January 3, 1870. The oldest child died in infancy. The remaining four are Mrs. Zelma A. Christensen, FI. A. Willard, Amelie E. Willard and Mrs. C. H. Ashton. In 1875 he married Julia II. Sargent. John Hack, a retired merchant of Red Wing, was born in Aus- tria, December 19, 1825, one of the eight children of Matthew and Annie (Buechler) Hack. John Flack received his education in the public schools and in a convent, and then learned the carving trade. Upon coming to America in 1853 he worked two years at his trade in New York, and in 1S55 came to Red Wing, landing here August 12 of that year. He built two of the early hotels, the Franklin house and the Hack house. The latter was sold to Henry Hickman, was rebuilt in brick in 1872, and became the Hickman house, one of the popular liostelries of the eaily days. Subsequently lie went to Hay Creek and erected a hotel. In 1866, in company with Jo^in M. Friederich, he started in the grocery business under the firm name of Friederich & Hack, the concern being later sold to C. E. Friederich & Co. In the meantime Mr. Hack had opened a branch store in Crookston, Minn., under the name of Hack & Gallaseli. After retiring from the grocery business in 1882, he took up the general real estate business, which he continued until 1894, when failing eyesight compelled his retirement from business. During his active days he was interested in the business progress of Red Wing and at- tended the now famous meeting held at Centennial hall to con- sider ways and means of starting the pottery industry here. Fie is still interested in the Red Wing Sewer Pipe Company, the Red Wing Union Stoneware Company, the Red Wing Shoe Company, the Red Wing Furniture Company, the Red Wing Linseed Oil Company, the Red Wing Brick Company, and the Red Wing Ce- HI ST OB Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY 669 ment Company. He served eight years in the city council, and in fraternal circles belonged both to the Masons, in which order he has taken thirty-two degrees, and the Odd Fellows, in which he has occupied all the chairs. Mr. Hack was married in New York in 1853 to Catherine Zacher, now deceased. He was again mar- ried, May 28, 1883, to Emma M. Gallish, daughter of Adolph and Amoene (Van Wolfram) Gallish. The father was a native of Austria and the mother of Bavaria. The former after coming to America lived in Milwaukee and then at West Bend, Wis., later coming to Red Wing. He became interested in the sand in the vicinity of Red Wing and started the filter sand business, which his son, Adolph, Jr., still continues. Edmund W. Brooks, a familiar figure in Red Wing in the early days, was born in Elyria, Lorain county, Ohio, September 28, 1825. His parents, Samuel and Sophia (Johnson) Brooks, came from Connecticut, their native state, in the early twenties and took up a large tract of land in Lorain county, Ohio, where they ended their days. After leaving school, Edmund W. took up the business of contracting and building at Cleveland, Ohio. In 1864, failing health caused him to seek other employment, and after coming to Red Wing he secured an agency for the Mc- Cormick harvesting machines. In this city he at once became a popular citizen. He was a believer in fresh air and outdoor di- versions, being a great hunter and fisher. Old residents still re- member the familiar sight of Mr. Brooks, Judge E. T. Wilder and T. B. Sheldon starting out in the morning on a trout fishing expe- dition. Lie held stock in the old potteries, in the LaGrange mills and the Red Wing Sewer Pipe Company, taking also a deep inter- est in everything that helped to develop the resources of the city. During the last seven or eight years of his life he spent two of his winters in Florida and four in California for the benefit of his health. At one time he served on the city council, being a Repub- lican in politics. He affiliated with the Masonic order and was an active worker in the Presbyterian church, of which for many years he was trustee. Mr. Brooks died at his home in Red Wing, December 28, 1898. His death was the cause of heart-felt mourn- ing, he being one of those of whom it may truly be said, “He was beloved by all who knew him, and respected by all those whom his influence touched.” Edmund W. Brooks was married, No- vember 12, 1851, in his native town, to Harriet E. Patterson, a daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth (Kane) Patterson, born Febru- ary 16, 1830, at Mount Washington, Mass. Her family moved to Ohio in 1834, located at Elyria, and remained until 1869, when they came to Red Wing and lived a retired life. The father passed away May 30, 1871, and mother April 15, 1883. To Mr. and Mrs. Brooks were born three children. Carrie, whose natal day • 7 * HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 670 was May 25, 1855, at Cleveland, Ohio, was married to Charles E. Sheldon, of this city, October 30, 1878. Lydia Louise, born in the same city, -June 24, 1857, was married October 11, 1877, to George H. Malcolmson, of Milwaukee. Edmund DeAYitt, born May 2, 1866, married Edith M. Brooks, of Iowa, July 25, 1895. He now resides in Minneapolis. Edward C. Erb, Red Wing, who has charge of the extensive Lawther real estate interests in this county, is a native of Rice county, this state, born March 25, 1865. His father, Christian Erb, was a native of Germany and came to America in 1841, locating in Illinois. There he met and married Geneva Kneedler, a native of New York state, who several years previous had moved to Illinois. In 1855 they moved to Rice county, this state, pur- chased a farm, and followed farming for many years, after which they disposed of the homestead and moved to Faribault. The schools of his neighborhood afforded Edward C. his earliest edu- cation, after which he took a course in the Red Wing Business College. He teamed for one year in St. Paul, and then entered the employ of a Avell and windmill concern, taking charge of the construction work. In 1891 he purchased a half interest in this company, the firm name being Lazarus & Erb. In 1892 Mr. Erb became constructing expert for the Northwestern Wind Mill En- gine Company, one season, after which in the fall of that year he came to Red Wing and entered the employ of James Lawther. He has remained in that employ for a number of years, at the present time being Wm. and Eva T. Lawther ’s local business rep- resentative. Mr. Erb is a Republican in politics, and has won praise by his excellent service as chairman of the board of public works, and member of the school board. He belongs to the Ma- sonic order. For three years he served as a member of Company G. The family faith is that of the Methodist church. Mr. Erb was married, October 15, 1896, to Nellie E. Burke, of Diamond Bluff, Wis., daughter of L. C. and Fannie (Carriel) Burke, the former of whom was proprietor of a general store in that village for many years. He died August 23, 1897, and the mother, July 7, 1907. To Mr. and Mrs. Erb has been born one son, Lawson Edward, September 14, 1901. Sidney Smith Grannis, now living in retirement in Red Wing, has for many decades been one of the prominent men of the county, and has assisted materially in the industrial growth of this section of the country. He was born in Irasburg, Vermont, October 21. 1820, son of Sidney and Betsey (Strobridge) Grannis, both of whom were born and brought up in Claremont, N. H., where they were also married. The father in early youth served a seven years’ apprenticeship to the trade of clothier, and with his brother Evander started in that business in Irasburg., After S. S. Gkannis HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 671 some five or six years there, they closed out their business, and Sidney, the father of the subject of this sketch, removed with his family to Utica, N. Y., and later to Morrisville, in the same state. At the age of eighteen, Sidney S. bought his time for $200, to be paid later, and started in life for himself. In the summer of 1856, in company with Abraham Howe, he came west with a view to engaging in the lumber business. They first visited Fond du Lac, Wis., and took notes of some twenty-five saw mills ; afterward going up the Wolf river into the pine woods as far as New London and Royalton, near Green Bay, where John Moore, a son-in-law of Mr. Howe, was engaged in lumbering, both logging and milling. Finding nothing there to suit them, they went to William Howe’s, some fourteen miles from Racine, Wis. It was here decided that Mr. Grannis should make a trip alone to Minnesota, still looking for a suitable business location. Accordingly, about July 1, he started for Dunleith, opposite Dubuque, and from there took the steamer Fannie Harris for St. Paul. After arriving in St. Paul lie went to Stillwater and then up the St. Croix river to Taylor’s falls. Finding nothing to suit him there, he went to Prescott and then to Hastings. There were disadvantages in a location there, so he came to Red AVing and here found what he wanted. Ar- rangements were made with AVilliam Freeborn for a location at the end of Bluff street, from LaGrange to Levee street, at the top of a bold rock or ledge. The price of this location was to be $750. Upon his return home with a favorable report, a company was organized with S. S. Graunis, George IT. Grannis, Peter Daniels and William Howe, the firm name being Grannis, Daniels & Co. In October, Mr. Grannis visited Red Wing and completed arrange- ments, afterward returning to the old home at. Morrisville, N. Y. April 20, 1857, S. S. Grannis, Peter Daniels and a party consisting of Elijah Atkins, Almeric Childs, Charles M. Grannis, Orson Blanchard, Harvey Miller, William Ingram, Ira McClenthen and wife set out from Morrisville to Red Wing to set up the mill. Work was at once started clearing the recently purchased prop- erty in Red Wing, and on June 1 S. S. Grannis went back to Morrisville after machinery. This was properly placed and on July 20 the first log was sawed. Among the first output was some timber of the Cannon Falls bridge. In the spring of 1858, Will- iam Howe, one of the partners, located permanently in Red AYing. In the course of the summer Mr. Howe and Mr. Grannis bought the acre lot, No. 12, block 2, Freeborn & Co.’s addition, of Robert Todd, and each erected houses, Mr. Howe’s being the one now numbered 712 and Mr. Grannis the one now numbered 722 Bush street. The business at the mill continued to increase, and from it came the timber for the county courthouse, built by D. C. Hill. In the fall Mr. Grannis brought his wife and two children here, 672 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY and established his home. In 1859, Mr. Grannis was elected a member of the city council, and October 8 of that year he and his wife, together with their daughter, now Mrs. Ellen McCord, of this place, united with the First Presbyterian church of Red Wing by letter from the Congregational church at Morrisville, N. Y. About this time, in 1860, he was chosen a school director, and in this year also several additions were made to the machinery in the mill. November 11, 1861, he Avas elected elder in the Presby- terian church, a position he held for thirty-two years, and then resigned. In the spring of 1862, Mr. Daniels, one of the partners, returned after an absence of nearly five years and with him came Abraham Howe, Avhose son, A. Hoavc, Jr., Avas the engineer at the Grannis mills. In the spring of 1863, George PI. Grannis came out from Morrisville, N. Y., and the Grannis interests in the mills were sold out, the firm becoming Daniels, PIoAve & Co. Mr. Gran- nis at once started the plans for sawing shingles, using a scheme by Avhieh he planned to cut many more from a log than was then the practice. In the fall of 1863, Mr. Grannis Avas elected a mem- ber of the legislature, and took his seat the following January. During his term in the legislature Mr. Grannis put through a bill giving the city of Red Wing a city charter, and authorizing the. city to issue bonds for its school districts, for the purpose of' rais- ing school funds. In this connection it may be mentioned that Mr. Grannis Avas the one who purchased for the city the land where the Central school uoav stands from D. C. Hill, whose resi- dence was moved across the street, Avhere it noAV stands, in a re- modeled and improved condition. A bill for the location of an insane asylum in Red AYing, in which Mr. Grannis was interested, failed to pass. The machinery for sawing shingles, erected on a boat, Avas in operation before July 11, 1864, and the output from the beginning' was very large. Early in the Avinter Mr. Grannis acquired land in Ilartland heavily covered with timber. Follow- ing this came negotiations for the purchase of the Central Point mill property of SpotsAvood, Scott & Sterrett from A. G. Hudson, the trustee. Later the DreAV property Avas also purchased. It was in the engine room of this mill that F. F. Philleo and his son William, in 1867, started the manufacture of terra cotta flower pots, one of the early beginnings of the pottery industry in the county. The whole property Avas afterward sold to the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad Construction Company. In 1866, Mr. Grannis was appointed surveyor general of the third of the seven lumber districts then existing in the state. It is interest- ing to note that during these eight or ten years Mr. Grannis pur- chased, including the property already mentioned, the shingle ma- chinery from the Starr mill at Lake City, the Central Point mill property, the machinery from the Florence mill, from the Trenton, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 673 Hastings and Frontenae mills, and from the Sanderson & Mc- Glaslien mills, as well as the Drew mill property. In June, 1865, George H. Grannis returned from the east and with Sidney S. improved the Central Point mill property to a considerable extent. In 1865, Mr. Grannis was elected county commissioner for the first district, representing Red Wing, Burnside and Grant. In the summer of 1864, S. S. Grannis, Hon. E. T. Wilder and J. C. Pierce were appointed a committee to purchase a town farm. A suitable place was selected in Burnside, and in 1866 the house was built by Ole K. Simmons, with Alexander Coons as poor- master. The succeeding years were spent by Mr. Grannis in in- creasing his lumbering operations and in acquiring additional property. In 1870. Mr. Grannis met with an accident on a shingle saw, cutting off about half of the length of all the fingers and thumb of his left hand. The shock and pain were great, and from the effects Mr. Grannis has never fully recovered. Subsequently he spent many years at the Central Point property and finally retired. Mr. Grannis was married in 1842 to Sarah Shaw Howe, of Westmoreland. N. H., by whom he had six children: Ellen M., born in 1843; Sidney Howe, born 'in 1845; Sidney, born in 1847; Hiram, born in 1851 ; Edward IT., born in 1854. and Mary Etta, born in 1860. Sidney IT., Sidney and Hiram died young. Ed- ward H. was assistant surgeon in the Third Wisconsin infantry company for several years, with the rank of captain. He enlisted in the United States service with his regiment and went to Porto Rico. Was promoted to surgeon with rank of 'major and was mustered out with his regiment in 1899. Since then he has re- mained in the service of the state of Wisconsin. Ellen M. Mc- Cord resides in Red AYing, and Mary Etta Carlsrud, who has two daughters, lives in Minneapolis. Mrs. Grannis died in 1884. William H. Putnam, Red Wing, banker, comes of New England parentage, his parents being William R. and Mary (Phelps) Put- nam, of Danvers, Mass. The mother died in that town, and the father, in 1876, took up his residences in Red Wing, where he lived until his death, in 1886. William II., born January 22, 1848, attended the district schools in Danvers, Mass., his native town, and in 1867 came to Red Wing. For six years he was employed as a clerk in the office of the county auditor, after which, in 1873, he entered the employ of the bank of Pierce, Simmons & Co., with which institution he has since remained. After ten years of serv- ice he was chosen cashier, a position he held a quarter of a cen- tury. From cashier he was promoted to vice-president, and on January 1. 1908. he assumed his present position as president. His years of active service have covered a wide range of the busi- ness and financial growth of the county, and with this progress 674 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Mr. Putnam lias been prominently identified. Mr. Putnam has successively been elected to the state legislature since 1903; and has presented and actively advocated many important measures during his term of service. A Republican in politics, Mr. Putnam has served as councilman, as a member of the school board, and for two terms as mayor of the city. He is interested in the ma- jority of the leading manufacturing concerns of Red Wing. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, and of Red Wing Lodge No. 8, A. F. & A. M. William Larnard Webster, retired, lias engaged successively in several Red Wing business enterprises. Of New England an- cestry, he was born at Croydon, N. H., February 19, 1826, his father, William AV. (married to Azuba Gale) being of that sturdy type of Yankee blacksmith immortalized by Longfellow in his famous poem, “The Village Blacksmith.” The father died in 1867 and the mother in 1874. William L. received liis early edu- cation in Claremont, Sullivan county, New Hampshire, and at AVindsor, in the same state. The tailoring trade, which he then learned, was his occupation at Windsor and Charleston, N. PI., until 1856. On his arrival in Red AVing, in that year, he became proprietor of the Kelley house*, a popular hostelry of the early days. A year later lie opened a jewelry store, and still another year later he embarked in the livery business. In those days Red Wing had no railroads, and the demand for horses was great. Year by year the business grew, the livery, boarding and sale stables all being conducted on a successful scale. In 1906, after many years of hard work, he sold out his business and retired. He still makes his home in Red AVing, he and his wife living at 705 Fourth street. Mr. Webster was married at Ilartland, Vt., June 19, 1848, to Susan W. Sturtevant, of that place, daughter of Thomas F. and Rosaline T. (Taylor) Sturtevant, the former of whom was a manufacturer of cloth. The father died in 1876 and the mother in 1890. To Mr. and Mrs. Webster has been born one son, Frank, head clerk and manager of the Willard hotel at St. Paul. AY. L. Webster is a Universalist in religion, a Republican in politics and a member of the Odd Fellows. George R. Sterling, a prominent Red AA r ing manufacturer of the early days, now deceased, was a native of Luzern county, Pennsylvania, born July 14. 1831. AYhen quite young he was taken by his parents to New York state, later to Vernon county, AVisconsin. Thence he moved to Pierce county, Wisconsin, after- ward to St. Paul, Minn. In June, 1858, he came to Red AVing and started the manufacture of boots and shoes, under the firm name of G. R. Sterling & Co. In this business he remained for about three decades, retiring from active business in 1887. The growth of the Stei’ling concern was associated with the growth of the HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 675 county, and its activities had their part in the upbuilding of the city during the seventies and eighties. Mr. Sterling was a' Re- publican in politics, but always refused to accept public office. In fraternal affiliations he was a Mason, and in religious belief a follower of the faith of the Methodist Episcopal church. He died September 21, 1897, at his home in Red Wing. George R. Sterling was married at Red Wing, June 29. 1862. to Eliza McGarvey, daughter of Edward and Eliza (Henry) McGarvey, natives of Belfast, who located in Canada in the early days. There the father died in 1874, and the mother came to Red AVing. where she ended her days in 1884. To Mrs. Eliza Sterling were born five children : Myrtie, of Chicago ; Jennie, wife of Dr. F. W. Dimmit, of Red Wing; Florence, wife of Charles C. Lentil, a missionary who died in India in 1900; Mary L., wife of Dr. C. A. Ishman, of Minneapolis, and Edward M., who was born in 1876 and died in 1881. Mrs. Eliza Sterling died January 7, 1877. April 13, 1878, Mr. Sterling married Isabelle McGarvey, a sister of his first wife, born in Belfast, Ireland, February 20, 1847. To this union have been born three children : Alice IT., born October 5, 1880. is a successful school teacher; as is Georgiana R.. born September 25, 1883. William M. was born July 17, 1885, and died May 5, 1888. During his lifetime Mr. Sterling was noted as a hunter. He loved the out-of-doors and was an unerring shot, many a wild beast fall- ing a victim to his rifle. He had an inexhaustible supply of hunt- ing stories, and being. of a sociable disposition, his stories of life in the woods after big game became well circulated throughout the county, many of them being still remembered and told to the present day. Fred Seebach, county treasurer and ex-postmaster of Red Wing, was born in Germany, May 28, 1841. son of Ahrenfield and Mary (Kreuz) Seebach, the former of whom was born in 1808 and the latter in 1815. The father was a machinist and farmer in the old country. He came to America in the spring of 1844, and with his family located near Milwaukee, Wis., where he pur- chased a farm, which he conducted until after the Civil war. He then located in Goodhue county, carried on general farming for a time, and then moved to Red Wing, until his death in 1897. He Avas a veteran of the Civil war, having seen service from 1863 to the close of the hostilities with the First Wisconsin Heavy Artil- lery. The mother died in 1887. Fred spent his boyhood at school and working on his father’s farm, and later moved to Racine, Wis., where he purchased a large farm. He enlisted in the Twenty-fourth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry in August. 1862, was taken prisoner at the battle of Chickamauga, and incarcerated in both Andersonville and Libby prisons. He was discharged from service at the close of the Avar. In 1873 he sold his farm in Racine 676 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY and came to Red Wing. He opened a grocery store, which he successfully conducted several years, later disposing of this busi- ness to take up grain buying and selling. For eight years he served as county commissioner, and in 1888 was appointed post- master by President Harrison. A record of his postal service will be found in the postal history which is included in this volume. In 1902. lie was elected county treasurer and is now serving liis fourth term with much credit. Mr. Seebach is a Republican in politics, and in addition to the offices above mentioned has served as town clerk in Wisconsin, and as member of the Red Wing council. He is a past commander of the local G. A. R. post and a member of the Commercial Club. Mr. Seebach was married July 9. 1868, to Lydia Hernlem, of Racine county, Wisconsin, daughter of Christian and Louise (Staugman) Hernlem, the former of whom is dead. The latter is now living in Wisconsin, hale and hearty at the good old age of eighty-six years. Eight children have blessed the home of Mr. and Mrs. Seebach. Fred is married, lives at Red Wing, and is a clerk in the postoffice. Jacob is also married, lives in Red Wing, and works for the Red Wing Malt- ing Company. Henry is married and lives in St. Paul. John, who is deputy county treasurer, lives at home. Ernest lives at home and clerks in the postoffice. Emma married II. C. Kohn, a Red W T ing merchant. Matilda married Henry Cain and lives in St. Paul. Lulu lives at home. John H. Schacht, of the firm of Adler, Schacht & Co., .one of the leading retail houses of Red Wing, is a native of Minnesota, born at Potsdam, Olmsted county, March 30, 1871. His parents, Harm Schacht and Anna (Brown) Schacht, were natives of Ger- many. The father came to Chicago in 1852. remained there until 1856, then went to Winona, Minn., where he clerked in his father’s hotel. In 1857 he went to Potsdam, Greemvood Prairie, Olmsted county, and purchased a farm of 600 acres of what was considered the best land in the county. There he carried on general farming until 1892, when he retired, and moved his family to Rochester, Minn., where his wife died two years later. Hiram Schacht still lives at Rochester and rents his farm to other parties. After finishing the common school course in the schools of his native town, John H. attended the Darling Business College two years. At the age of eighteen he started his business career as a clerk in the' hardware store of Vincent Tauschese, at LaCrosse, Wis. lie then returned to Rochester and worked with the Stebbins Hardware Company of that place one year. He subsequently clerked in the store of the Boston Clothing Company in the same city one year, and iu 1894 came to Red Wing. Here he started in the clothing business at 308 Main street with O. IT. Adler as partner. The business at this store continued to grow for the HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 677 following six years, and larger quarters were needed for the dis- play of the stock necessitated by the increased trade. Conse- quently the firm moved to 320-322 Main street. The subsequent six years were periods of still greater growth, and in 1907 the company moved its stock to the present, location at 317-319 Main street, where there is a steady trade and constantly augmented list of patrons. Mr. Schacht is president of the governing body of St. John’s Hospital, Red Wing, and treasurer of the United States Hospital Association. - He is an efficient member of . the board of public works of the city, belongs to the Commercial Club and to the Lutheran association. He belongs to the German Lutheran church and votes the Republican ticket. John IT. Schacht was married in September, 1893, to Minnie Stephan, of Rochester, Minn., daughter of August and Caroline (Tetzlaf) Stephan, natives of Germany, who migrated to Rochester in the early days. Her father died in July, 1895, and the mother still makes her home at Rochester. To Mr. and Airs. Schacht have been born three children : Erwin H., Herbert A. and Lucile. all of whom are at home. Wilbor S. Scott, successful house painter and decorator of Red AVing, is a public spirited citizen, and lias served one term as alderman of the city, representing the Second ward. He was born in Smethport, McKean county, Pennsylvania, November 8, 1851. His father, Seth Scott, a native of Pennsylvania, married Bolina M. Fisher, a native of New York state. The parents came to AVisconsin in 1855, purchased a farm and did general farming two years. In 1857 they moved to Sparta, AVis., and purchased an- other farm. In 1859 they disposed of this property and took up their residence at Durand, AVis., where the father manufactured furniture until 1869. In that year he disposed of the furniture business and engaged in the mercantile trade for several years. Later he was elected judge of probate, a position which he held until his death in 1893. The mother is still living at Durand, having reached the venerable old age of 87 years. As a youngster, AVilbor S. lived -in the various towns where his parents took up their residence. His early education was received in the public schools of Durand, after which he attended the Durand Academy, finishing with a course at the Galesville University, at Galesville, AVis. Returning to his home, he learned the printing trade, and engaged at this work until 1873, when he became a painter. Two years later he came to Red AVing and entered the employ of AV. E. Hawkins, as a painter, remaining in this employ eleven years. In 1886 he started business for himself, and has since continued the establishment which he at that time opened. He does a large business, and during the busy spring season employ's as many as twenty or thirty men on his various contracts. His work as G78 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY a paper hanger, painter and decorator is both honest and excellent and he is noted for his square dealing. The store at the corner of Main and Broadway in this city is well equipped with all the stock required for carrying on an up-to-date painting and deco- rating establishment, and everything in the place is kept in first class condition. Mr. Scott is a Republican in politics, attends the. Presbyterian Church and affiliates with the Odd Fellows and the Independent Foresters. He was married at Durand, Wis., February 25, 1872, to Elmira Rogers, daughter of D. A. and Cor- delia (Casey) Rogers, the former of whom served three years under Sherman and marched with him to the sea. He afterward enlisted in Hancock’s reserve corps, and served to the close of the war. He died in 1873 and the latter, October 27, 1908. To Mr. and Mrs. Scott have been born four children : B. Myrtle, born July 18, 1871, now lives in Leader, Minn. Wilbor A. is associated in business with his father. The two youngest died in infancy. Jacob Sieg, deceased, was born in Spades, Ind., February 11, 1859, son of Henry and Katherine Sieg, natives of Germany who migrated to Indiana in the fifties and spent the remainder of their lives farming at Spades. Jacob received his education in the schools of his native town, and worked with his father until twenty-one years of age. In 1881 he came to Red W*ing, and en- gaged in the wholesale liquor business, which he continued until his death, July 5, 1903. He was a Democrat in politics and a very popular fraternity man, being a member of the Masonic order, the United Workmen, the Elks and the Sons of Herman. He paid his religious worship at, the German Lutheran Church. Mr. Sieg was married at Red Wing, September 8, 1890, to Louisa Zeitler, of this city, daughter of George E. and Martha (Zipple) Zeitler. natives of Germany. The father was a miller by trade. He came to America in 1851 and for a time engaged in the milling business in Goshen. Ind. Later he came to Hay Creek township, this county, with the early settlers, and purchased 160 acres of land, which he broke and improved, and where he carried on general farming until his death in February, 1883. His widow came to Red Wing and lived with Mrs. Sieg until her death, June 8, 1908. To Mr. and Mrs. Sieg were born three children, Freder- ick II. G., May 20, 1889; Walter F., July 25, 1899, and Martha, July 16, 1902. Mrs. Sieg and her family live in a comfortable residence at 215 Seventh street, Red Wing. In the Zeitler family were three brothers and three sisters. George, August, William and Anna live in Los Angeles. William is manager of a transfer line there and Anna is the wife of George Weifenbach, who is engaged in the marble and granite business. Sophia married Philip Heydman, of Oklahoma, and Louisa is the widow of Mr. Sieg. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 679 James E. Smith, a retired ranch owner, now living in Red Wing, is descended from the old New England stock, his family having been prominent in and about Hudson, N. H., since the days of the early settlement. He was born in that town, October 28, 1839, son of Jefferson and Sarah (Gibson) Smith, the former of whom died in Red Wing, in May, 1883, and the latter at Hud- son, N. H. James E. attended the district schools of the Granite state, and worked on the farm of his father, securing vigor of mind and body, as well as thorough training in agricultural pur- suits. He arrived in Red Wing in 1860, and in 1862 purchased, in company with his brother, 320 acres in the township of Good- hue, this county. This land he broke and improved, built a home and carried on general farming. In 1875, after disposing of the farm, he turned his attention toward South Dakota, where in 1878 he, in company with his brother as before, purchased over 1,400 acres, and conducted a cattle and horse ranch, upon which they also raised grain in large quantities. In 1895 Mr. Smith, after the ranch had been disposed of, returned to Red Wing and remained until 1897. when the family moved to Minneapolis, in order that the younger son, Paul, might attend the state university and still live at home. After six years’ residence in that city, they returned to Red Wing, where they have since made their home. Mr. Smith is a Republican in politics, and a member of the Pres- byterian Church. He also belongs to the A. E. Welch Post, No. 75, G. A. R., having joined Company I, First Minnesota Heavy Artillery, at Red Wing, mustered in at Fort Snelling, February 16, 1865. The company was placed on garrison duty in Tennessee, Mr. Smith being the bugler. lie received his honorable discharge September 27, 1865. James E. Smith was married October 30, 1871, at Red Wing, to Margaret S. Densmore, daughter of Judge Orrin and Elizabeth (Fowle) Densmore, who came to Red Wing in May, 1857. Mr. Densmore was a prominent man of the early days. He was county auditor many years, also assistant superin- tendent of schools and judge of probate. During his early days here he was engaged in the lumbering business, the firm name being Densmore and McLaren. Judge Densmore died June 3, 1879, and his wife. January 21, 1891. To Mr. and Mrs. Smith have been born two sons. Gilman W., born December 1, 1859, is iioav at the head of the erecting department of the American Bridge Com- pany, of Chicago. He married Addie A. Ticld, and has one son, Donald Tidd Smith. Paul Sherburne, the second son of Mr. and Mrs. James E. Smith, was born March 31, 1879, graduated from the state university and resides with his parents. George E. Smith is another of the progressive men of Red Wing who have lived here practically their entire life, and have assisted in its development. He was born in this city, August 14, 680 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1870, and here received his education,; going through the graded and high schools, and then taking a course in Beeman’s Business College in St. Paul. After leaving college he worked nearly seventeen years in the potteries, as a turner. On March 5, 1902, he opened a clothing establishment at 208. Bush street, where he has since conducted a rapidly increasing business. His geniality and business ability have combined to place his store among the leaders in its line in this city. Mr. Smith is a Republican in pol- itics. In fraternal circles he is well known, having served as exalted ruler of the Elks, as well as being a member of the Knights of Pythias, the Woodmen, the Foresters and the Com- mercial Club. His service on the school board has also been thoroughly appreciated. Company G numbered him as a private eighteen months, at the end of which time he received his hon- orable discharge on account of leaving town. June 28, 1893, Mr. Smith was married to Jessie Adams, by whom he has two chil- dren, Hugh Adams, born September 7, 1895, and Nona Belle, born May 27, 1897. The family faith is that of the Episcopal Church. William F. and Sophia (Hank) Smith, parents of George E. Smith, were born in Germany, the former in 1820. After leaving school, William F. Smith became a cabinet maker, an occupation he fol- lowed for the remainder of his life. He came to America in 1848 and located in Philadelphia, remaining there until March 10, 1855, when he came to Red Wing, then a village in its infancy. During the last eighteen months of the Civil War he served in Company D, First Minnesota Heavy Artillery. Here he remained until his death, which occurred in the fall of 1872. The mother lived until May 11, 1906. • In the family were seven children, of Avhorn George E. is the youngest. Emma is Mrs. A. B. Wilgus, of Joplin, Mo. ; William F. lives in St. Paul; Sophia is Mrs. B. F. Seiz, of Red Wing; Albert L. also lives in Red Wing. Two sisters, Julia, and Lillian, wife of F. P. Carson, are both deceased. Hugh Adams, father of Mrs. George E. Smith, was born in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, June 12, 1827. and with his parents went to Licking county, Ohio, where he resided until going to Washington county, Illinois. After locating a short time in Maiden Rock, he came in the fall of 1852 to this city, being among the earlier settlers. He was married December 3, 1869, to Mary Jane Taylor, born in Mif- flin county, Pennsylvania, January 25, 1844. Mr. Adams is dead and his widow resides on the corner of Dakota and Fifth streets, in Red Wing. Aside from Mrs. Smith there are two other chil- dren, Eva and Arthur N., both of this city. Peter H. Tubbesing, Red Wing, foreman for Charles A. Bet- cher, was born in Yeether, Germany, September 9, 1841, son of William and Mary (Bergmann) Tubbesing, also natives of Ger- many. The parents came to America, bringing their family, De- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 681 cember 1, 1852, and located at St. Louis, Mo., remaining two and a half years. There the father worked at his trade as cabinet maker. In May, 1855, the family came to Red "Wing, and until fall the father assisted in driving wells, after which he took up a homestead of 160 acres. After working at his trade in this city for a time he went to St. Paul, and was there employed for one year, the family in the meantime remaining in Red Wing, to which the father returned the following year, working at the carpenter trade until 1861. He then opened a wagon shop on East avenue, which he conducted two years. In the meantime, having disposed of his first farm, he purchased 160 acres in Featlierstone, carry- ing on general farming until 1879. In that year he retired, divid- ed his farm among his four sons, and came to Red Wing, where he ended his days, in the spring of 1897. The mother died in St. Louis, in 1855. Peter H. received his education in the schools of Germany and at St. Louis, learning the trade of cabinet making in Red -Wing. After five years at this work, he learned the car- penter trade, and later went to Avork in his father’s Avagon shop. In 1862 he enlisted in Company F, Sixth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, entering the service August 18 of that year. He Avas mustered out in 1865, and upon his return to Red Wing Avorked as a carpenter until 1872, when he started work for Charles Bet- cher, with Avhom he has since remained, having charge of the work shop for the long period of thirty- eight years. When Mr. Tubbes- ing started this work, less than twenty men Avere employed in the department which iioav numbers OA r er fifty hands on its payroll. The subject of this sketch Avas married in December, 1867, to Maggie Yoght, of Hay Creek tOAAmship, this county, daughter of Philip and Margaret Yoght, natives of Germany. To Mr. and Mrs. (Maggie Voght) Tubbessing Avere born eight children — Laura, Emma, Adclie, Albert, Benjamin, Jessie, Raymond and Walter. Raymond died in 1887 and Addie tAvo years later. Laura married James Kent and lives at Blooming Prairie, Minn. Emma married William Weiss. avIio lives on Third street, Red Wing. Albert, also married, lives on Fourth street, this city. Benjamin resides in Fargo, N. D. The mother of these children died at Red Wing in 1891, and in 1891 Mr. Tubbesing married Louise Keller, of Wheeling, W. Va. To this union haAm been born three children, Herbert, 1895 ; Milton, 1897, and Rolland, 1902. The family re- ligion is that of the German Methodist Episcopal Church. Merritt Tripp, a retired farmer, living at 721 Fifth street, Red Wing, comes of eastern parentage, born in Tompkins county. NeAv York, February 27, 1837. His parents, George and Hannah (Smith) Tripp, were natives of eastern NeAv York state, where they both spent the span of their years, the former dying in 1811 and the mother in 1880. Left fatherless at an early, age, Merritt HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 682 Tripp had to obtain what education he could by attending school during the short winter terms, working on farms in the summer, thus contributing in boyhood to his own support and later to the support of the family. While working in the crowded state of his birth, he longed for wider opportunities that were afforded in thickly populated districts, and accordingly decided to come west. In 1861 he located in Featherstone township, this county, where he purchased 160 acres. To this he added 160 more, and still later made other purchases, until at one time he owned an entire section. Upon his broad and rich acres he carried on general farming until the fall of 1901, when he retired. For four years he rented his farm and at the end of that time sold it, purchasing his present residence at 721 Fifth street. For twenty years he was town treasurer of Featherstone, and in addition served a number of terms as town supervisor and school director. He is a Democrat in polities, and has been a member of the Ma- sonic order thirty years. He lias also been a member of the Odd Fellows. Mr. Tripp was married November 22, 1864, to Abbie S. Perkins, of Maine, daughter of Timothy and Thurza (Ellsworth) Perkins, the former of whom died in June, 1889, and the latter October 30, 1882. Mrs. Tripp has one brother, T. E. Perkins, now living at Featherstone. To Mr. and Mrs. Tripp have been born seven children — Cora P., September 10, 1866 ; Timothy B., April 6, 1870; Anna M., March 26, 1870; one born in February, 1875, who died in infancy; Frank M.. born November 3, 188k , ; Gertrude A., October 6, 1885; Blanche H., April 5, 1887. Cora married F. 1). Crandall and lives at Aberdeen, S. D. Timothy is married and lives at- Red Wing. Anna married C. Crandall and lives at Randolph, Minn. Frank is married and is an electrical engineer at Decatur, 111. Gertrude A. is principal of public schools at Bradley, S. I)., and Blanche F. is teaching in Afton, Washington county, this state. The family religion is that of the Methodist Church. Timothy B. Tripp, the skillful and efficient engineer at the State Training School, is the son of Merritt and Abbie (Perkins) Tripp. He was born on a farm in Featherstone township, this county, April 6, 1870, and there grew to young manhood, working on the farm and attending the public schools. At -the age of twenty-four he became interested in mechanics and accepted a position as stationary engineer at the Trout Brook tannery, where he remained two years. The succeeding three years were spent in general labor, after which he took charge of the various motive power and heating apparatus of the State Training School as chief engineer, in which position he has since remained, giving decided satisfaction. For several years he has been a member of the Masonic order. The Democratic platform embodies his politi- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 683 cal belief and the Presbyterian creed bis religious faith. Mr. Tripp was married September 15, 1896, to Frances Rolfe, of Featherstone township, daughter of Oscar and Etta Rolfe, farm- ers of that township. To this union one child. Rolfe M., was born September 28, 1897. Mrs. Frances Tripp died August 22, 1899, and Mr. Tripp was married October 15, 1902, to Isabelle Watson, daughter of George and Margaret (McDermott) Watson, of Lake City, this state, the former of whom was a blacksmith and farmer, lie died February 15, 1896, and the mother died September 2. 1906. To Mr. and Mrs. (Isabelle Watson) Tripp has been born a daughter, Margaret Abbie, August 7. 1906. Thomas Jefferson Thompson, retired farmer and business man, living at 811 Sylvan street. Red Wing, came to this county as a boy with the earliest settlers of Burnside township. lie was born in Erie county, Pennsylvania, August 29. son of William and Nancy (Kennedy) Thompson. The former was a native of the north of Ireland. lie went to Canada as a youth, then to Pennsylvania, and after living there for a time, came to Goodhue county and located in Burnside township in the spring of 1856. There he bought 160 acres of land at the government price of $1.25 an acre, on which he conducted general farming until his death, June 30, 1886. His wife died November 25, 1900. William Thompson was a prominent citizen of the early days of the town- ship, and his name appears on the first list of Burnside voters. Thomas J. attended the public schools and worked on the farm with his father until 1865, when he responded to the last call for volunteers for the Civil War. He eulisted at Red Wing, in Com- pany I, First Minnesota Heavy Artillery, under Captain Carney and Colonel Colville, going to Chattanooga, Tenn., where the regiment was in command of General Thomas. After receiving his discharge in September of the same year he returned to Red Wing, and took up carpenter work, following this faithfully and diligently until 1878. He then went to Chippewa county, Minne- sota, bought 160 acres, broke the land and erected buildings. After disposing of this property he again returned to Red Wing, and resumed work at his trade. For two years he was employed in the shipping department of the Red Wing Advertising Com- pany, after which he retired. He purchased a home at 811 Syl- van street, remodeled the house and has there continued to make his home. Mr. Thompson is a Republican in politics and belongs to the Episcopal Church. He also affiliates with the A. E. Welch Post, No. 75, G. A. R. He was married the first time February 29, 1877. to Margaret Streetor, of Featherstone, by the Rev. Johnson. To this union was born one son, Thomas H., January 19, 1878. Mrs. Margaret Thompson died January 29. 1878, and on October 16, 1879, Mr. Thompson married Hannah Wohlwend, 684 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY of Alma, Wis., the daughter of Martin F. Wohlwend and Mar- garet (Knoblonch) Wehlwend, natives of Germany who came to America and located at Keokuk, la. In 1860 they went to Alma, Wis., and from that place, in 1865, the father enlisted in the Union army, serving until the end of the conflict. He then re- turned to Alma and took up his trade as stone mason, following same until his death in October, 1894. His wife died in February, 1897. To Mr. and Mrs. Thompson have been born eight children. Charles W., born September 3, 1882, is now at La Grande, Ore. George E. was born July 6, 1885; Lillian E., April 29, 1888; Forrest M., January 6, 1890; Alma P., May 8, 1892; Walter L., December 29, 1894 (died August 27, 1899) ; Lincoln L., December 20, 1897, and Eva M., March 22, 1902. All except Charles W. are at home. Mrs. Ellen M. (Cornell) Warren, the pioneer dressmaker of Red Wing, is a native of Spring Arbor, Mich., born on May day, in 1844. Her parents, James and Lucinda (Crowl) Cornell, were natives of New York state, and came of old New York state stock. After the death of the father at Spring Arbor, Mich., the mother married S. W. Roberts, of that place. The family came to Red Wing in 1862, and Mr. Roberts engaged in draying and teaming, being also a veterinary surgeon of much skill. In 1888 Mr. and Mrs. Roberts went to Ellsworth, Wis., and there Mr. Roberts practiced his profession until his death, February 22, 1892. Shortly after coming here with her parents, Ellen, as she was then called by her friends, opened a dressmaking estab- lishment with her mother. This was a great innovation in a community where heretofore the women had done their own sew- ing. or else had their “best dresses” made in St. Paul. July 19, 1863, Ellen M. Cornell married Edwin F. Gaylord, of this city. Mr. Gaylord was employed for the- remarkably long period of thirty-one years as bookkeeper for T. B. Sheldon & Co. He died July 30, 1892. To Mr. and Mrs. Gaylord were born four children. Lillian M., born June 29, 1864, married John P. Con- stantine, a Red Wing cabinet maker. Frederick M., born February 22, 1873. died August 23, 1879. Inez B., born October 22. 1874, died August 24 the following year. Edwin R., born December 25, 1877, is employed by the Englewood Spring Com- pany at- Minneapolis. Mr. Gaylord was a Democrat in politics and for several years held municipal office. His widow was married, for the second time, September 30, 1903, at Hastings, Minn., to Delos A. Warren, of Red Wing. Mr. and Mrs. Warren now live at 413% Potter street, where they have a very pleasant home. Mrs. Warren is a woman of many attainments, and has has many interesting anecdotes to tell of dressmaking in the early Geo. W. Wyman’s Residence HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 685 days, as well as of other important events and people Avhich came under her observation. George W. Wyman, proprietor of the Pearl, has built up a successful business during his stay in Red Wing, and the present indications argue still better for the future. Mr. Wyman is a native of Akron, 0., born January 11, 1851. His father, also named George W., was a native of Walpole, N. H., born February 21, 1806. At an early age he moved to Cleveland, 0., which was then by New Hampshire people considered “the west.” There he started a clothing establishment which he successfully con- ducted until his death in 1857. The mother, whose maiden name was Mary J. Moore, then returned to Rochester, N. Y., the city of her birth, and there George W. received his boyhood education. His first business venture for himself was in a book and station- ery store, where he remained twelve years, acting successively as clerk, traveling salesman and manager. He subsequently en- gaged in the hotel business, which he has since continued to follow in Ohio, Illinois, Iowa and Minnesota. In 1899 he came » to Red Wing, and after looking over the field, decided that there was an opening for a moderate priced commercial house. He accordingly rented a store on Third street and opened a restaur- ant, gradually acquiring possession of the office and living rooms in the same block, which he converted into lodging rooms. In 1908 he purchased the property 071 Fourth street that for many years had been used as a residence and office by Dr. A. M. Steph- ens. This he converted into '“Wyman Cottage” and the “An- nex,” both of which are available for the entertaining of guests. While in Rochester Mr. Wyman served seven years in Company C, Fifty-fourth New York National Guards, reaching the position of first lieutenant. He has shown his interest in the business growth of Red Wing by joining the Commercial Club. He is a Republican in politics and attends the Episcopal Church. Mr. Wyman was married March 6, 1895, at Muscatine, la., to Dena 0. Hastad, daugkhter of L. J. Hastad, now a well-known farmer of Roscoe township, this county. Her mother died several years ago. Mfs. Wyman assists her husband in looking after his busi- ness interests and has proven a most able helpmeet in all his undertakings. In the summer of 1909 Mr. Wyman greatly im- proved his Fourth street property, adding to the main building a wide veranda, which makes it one of the prettiest places on the street. In the “Annex,” which has also been recently remod- eled, a large part of the “History of Goodhue County” has been written. George Wilkenson, now deceased, was one of the pioneer builders of Red Wing, and many buildings now standing testify to his skill and conscientiousness. His parents, Thomas and 686 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Jane (Wilson) Wilkenson, were respected residents of Beckside, Yorkshire, England, where their son Avas born, March 8, 1818. Amici the “flowering hedges and green lanes” of Old England, George received his education, and reached manhood. In 1840 he took to himself a wife, and started to raise a family of bonny children. The spirit of ambition was in his veins, however, and in 1851 he pulled up the roots of the family tree to transplant it again on American soil, where he and his Avere henceforth to make their home. The first location of the family was in Du- buque, la., 1852, then scarcely more than a frontier village. Two years later he moved to St. Paul, which at that time was also in comparative infancy. In both Dubuque and St. Paul he worked on a number of residences. In the spring of 1855 he came to Red Wing, and secured the contract for the faithful performance of which he Avill ever live in local history, that of building the first hall of the iioav large and influential Hamline University. In the fall of that year he brought his family here. He opened the first lumber yard in the city, and even thus early in pioneer days, while the log cabins of the original settlers were still standing, lie established his business of contractor and architectural drafts- man. For several years he Avas engaged in erecting some of the large business blocks of the city, and later purchased 1,200 acres in the, township of Featherstone, where he engaged in raising wheat. Still later he returned to Red Wing and became interest- ed in the retail shoe business, dividing his time between thaf en- terprise and looking after his various interests. Fie passed away March 21, 1896, and his wife, August 27, 1895, both at Red Wing. Mr. Wilkenson Avas a Jeffersonian Democrat until the Civil War, but at the outbreak of that conflict he cast his lot Avith the Re- publican party, with which he Avas identified for the remainder of his life. He was a charter member of the Episcopal Church in this, city, and his name Avas many times mentioned at the celebra- tion of the Fiftieth anniversary of that church, held in November, 1908. He Avas a member of the Red Wing city council, and for years served on the school board, having aUvays raised his voice in favor of every project which tended to the betterment of the civic or school system of the city and county. Seven children survived to bear the mantle of honor and integrity left them by their parents. Mary J. lives in the old homestead at Red Wing. John, who Avas interested in a retail business in Red Wing for a number of years, located at St. Paul and became a silent partner in the dry goods firm of Tibbs, Hutchings & Co. He died in 1907, leaving a Avidow and one son, James Humphrey. Thomas lias Avon wide distinction as president of the Upper Mississippi River Association. He is married and has one son, His home being at Burlington, la. Joseph is married and lives in HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 687 Los Angeles, Cal. Albert, also married, is a partner in the whole- sale business house of Greggs, Cooper & Co., at St. Paul. Eva A. lives in Red Wing. She has one son, Harold A. Anna makes her home with her sisters in Red Wing. Alonzo D. Whitney, another early settler of Red Wing, now deceased, was a native of Florida, Orange county, New York, born September 4, 1815. His parents, John and Susanna (Smith) Whitney, lived and died in New York state. Alonzo, after leav- ing school, took up the business of contractor and builder, and in 1857 came to Red Wing, when in the earliest days of its growth. His services were at once in demand, and many of the early dwellings in this city were erected under his supervision. Soon, however, came the rumors of the disruption of the North and South, and Mr. Whitney raised and drilled a company, but was barred from enlisting on account of the age limit. The Brooklyn Light Guard, of which he was a member, afterward attained distinction on many a bloody field of carnage. Although too old to- enlist, the services of Mr. Whitney were highly valued, and in 1861 he was called to Mount City, 111., where for some four years lie was employed by the government in the navy yard. In May, 1865, he returned to Red Wing and took up his business, continuing same until 1871, when he was afflicted with a stroke of paralysis, after which he Avas an iirvalid for seA'enteen years, his death resulting January 26, 1889. Mrs. Whitney is living at the age of eighty-nine years, but since, last July (1908) she has been in poor health as the result of a stroke of apoplexy. Mrs. Whitney Avas born in Middlefield, Conn., June 15, 1820, and AA r as married May 9, 1847. her maiden name having been Rosetta Birdsey. This union Avas blessed with four children. Henrietta, born September 14, 1848, died August 13, 1855. Edgar Alonzo, born August 31. 1850, died July 14, 1853; Emma Avas born May 4, 1855. May, born September 18, 1858, died December 14. 1859. All the children Avere born in Brooklyn except May, Avho Avas born in Red Wing. Alonzo R. Brink, Avhom Emma Whitney married December 7, 1880, is a Avell-known Red Wing contractor and builder. He Avas born in Easton, Pa., July 21. 1852, son of Mahlon and Ann (Casely) Brink, both now deceased. Mr. Brink is a Republican in politics, and a Mason in fraternal affiliation. For two terms he has serA^ed on the city council. Mrs. Brink, Avho is much interested in historical matters, has preserved her father’s papers, and has many interesting letters written during Avar times, which throw much light on the eA T ents of those stirring days. August P. Olson, Red Wing’s efficient assistant fire chief, is a native of this city and has spent all his life here. His parents, Peter and Helen (Whitehamer) Olson, Avere born in Norway. G88 HI ST OK Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY The father came to America in 1862 and after a year in Chicago located in Red Wing, where he took np work at his trade as a shoemaker, which he followed until the time of his death in De- cember of 1871. The mother, who came to this country in 1864, still makes her home in Red Wing. August P., born August 24, 1867, attended the public schools. Subsequently he entered the employ of the Red Wing Furniture Company, for whom he per- formed faithful service for the long period of twenty-two years, being in charge of the finishing department during the latter sixteen years of his employment there. May 1, 1906, he was ap- pointed a member of the fire company as assistant chief, a posi- tion he still retains. For this position' Mr. Olson was well fitted, having been a member of the old hook and ladder company four- teen years, five years of which he was assistant chief under Charles Wick. Mr. Olson is a Republican, and belongs to the Elks, the Royal Arcanum, the Yeomen, the Fire Relief Associa- tion and the Phoenix Relief Association. He was married June 26, 1902, to Sadie Stromberg, of Red Wing, by whom he has two children, Leonard A., born May 8, 1903, and Helen E., born May 25, 1905. Peter Stromberg, father of Mrs. Olson, came to America from Germany in 1857 and worked for a time in Red Wing, his first work being to dig out stumps where Main street is now located. He also carried brick and mortar for the court house. He was married January 12, 1864, to Elizabeth Fisher, who came from Germany in 1863. They set up housekeeping in Ilay Creek, where Mr. Stromberg acquired land until he owned 400. acres, on which he carried on general farming until his death, February 21, 1889. He was a public spirited citizen and served many years in public office, including nineteen years as treasurer, nine years as school clerk, and two years as supervisor. He was also a member of the Bankers’ Association of St. Paul. His widow makes her home with her daughter, Mrs. Olson. The family faitli is that of the Episcopal Church. Charles Brown, now engaged in the coal, wood, coke and gen- eral transfer business, was born in Red Wing, July 12, 1868, son of Robert and Martha (McGarvey) Brown, natives of Ireland, who came to America at the ages of two and nine years, respec- tively. They spent their childhood in Canada and landed in Red Wing in 1856. The father at once purchased a farm in the town- ship of Featlierstone and continued farming until his death. For some time he was with Hamline University and also kept a board- ing hall for the students of that institution. Robert Brown died in November, 1904, and his widow, who still owns the old home- stead, now resides in Seattle, Wash., with her daughter, having reached the ripe old age of seventy-two years. Charles received his education in the public schools and finished at the Red Wing HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 689 Seminary. Upon completing liis studies he started life for him- self as a clerk in the grocery store of Peter Kempe, at Red Wing. After three years he engaged in his present business in 1893, in which line he has since successfully continued. Mr. Brown was married December 26, 1894, to Lena M. Towle, of Ked A\ ing, daughter of D. H. Towle, a farmer of Featherstone township in this county. Mrs. Brown’s mother is now deceased and her father, who has remarried, is now living a retired life in Minne- apolis, having sold his farm in Featherstone. To Mr. and Airs. Brown have been born six children: Marian, born in 1895; Flor- ence I., born January 13, 1897; Charles D., born January 24, 1898 ; Bobert D., born August 21, 1901; Kenneth, born April 15, 1903, and Edward, born in September, 1908. Air. Brown is a Republican in politics and belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church. He affiliates with the Alasons, the United Workmen and -the Modern Woodmen. He has never sought public office. It is a matter worthy of somewhat extended note that Air. Brown was chairman of the parade committee for the now famous cele- bration held in Red Wing, July 3, 4 and 5, 1909. AVith that energy that has characterized all his efforts, Air. Brown set at work making the plans, and not only persuaded the leading busi- ness interests of Red Wing to participate in the parade, but also made a notable showing from his own stables. Seldom in any city in Alinnesota has there been seen so fine a display of horses and vehicles as Air. Brown had in the parade that day. Air. Brown takes a personal as well as a business interest in his horses, being a lover of high grade animals, and his stables contain some fine specimens of horse flesh. Frank G. Hickman, Reel AA T ing. who has charge of the metal work of the Red AVing Boat Company, was born in Buffalo, N. Y.. July 24, 1856, son of Peter and Margaret (Gabriel) Hickman, natives of Germany, both having been born on the banks of the historic and picturesque Rhine. They came to America in the early forties and located in New York state, where they were married, the father engaging in wagon making at Buffalo until coming to Red AVing in 1868. still following the same business here with his brother under the firm name of Hickman Brothers for three years. Afterward he conducted the business alone as sole owner and proprietor until his death, February 4, 1878. His wife died in 1871. After receiving his education in the excellent public schools of Buffalo, Frank G. came to Red AVing with his parents and at once started work as clerk in a confectionery store, remaining three years. His next employment was with E. L. Baker, where he thoroughly mastered the tinning business. In this vocation he has since continued, now doing all the tin, 690 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY iron, copper and brass work for the Red Wing Boat Company, lie is a Republican in politics, belongs to the Episcopal Church and affiliates with the United Workmen and the Degree of Honor. For several years lie was a member of the volunteer fire department and for eight years served as secretary of Cat- aract Hose Company, of which for several years he was also the captain. Mr. Hickman was married April 24, 1884, at Red Wing, to Hattie Beilf eildt, daughter of Henry and Mary (Spore) Beil- feildt, natives of Germany. Tier, parents came to America in 1844, locating first at Galena, 111., and then at Brownsville, Minn., where the father was engaged in the wholesale boot and shoe business. He joined the Union army and served several years. After the war he returned to Brownsville and in 1881 came to Red Wing, where he became a wheat buyer for the Diamond Joe jacket line. After several years he retired and went to Zumbro Falls, Minn., where the family still reside. To Mr. and Mrs. Hickman have been born two children. Margaret, born Septem- ber 25, 1888, is now assistant librarian at the Carnegie-Lawther library at Red Wing. Roland IT. was born October 19, 1893. Both children live at home, 903 West Fourth street, this city. John O. Hanson, proprietor of a successful general store at 340 East Seventh street, Red Wing, was born in Sweden, May 15, 1855, son of John Gustave and Christine (Anderson) Hanson, who came to Red Wing in 1866, from Jankoping, Sweden. The father followed his trade as carpenter until 1879, when he went to Welch township, purchased 140 acres of land and did a gen- eral line of farming, combined with carpenter work and contract- ing. Tie built his own home and barns, and also erected many of the buildings in the neighborhood. John Hanson died October 18, 1908, and his wife March 18, 1904, at the age of eighty-five years. There were two children in the family besides John O. They are both living in Welch, Oliver being a farmer and his sister Christine, now Mrs. Hagancler, is the wife of a farmer. John O. was sent to the public schools in Sweden, and after com- ing to Red Wing with his parents at the age of eleven years, at- tended the Red Wing, schools until fourteen years of age, when he entered the employ of D. C. Hill. Subsequently he clerked two years in a shoe store, and later entered into business for him- self with a partner, the firm name being Hanson & Peterson. After four years in this company he sold out, and entered the employ of the Belanger Brothers, dry goods merchants, as a clerk. TIis record with this company consisted of faithful service for a period of sixteen years. In 1901 he had saved sufficient money to warrant his starting in business for himself. Since that time he has successfully conducted his present store. He owns his store building and a comfortable home, together HI ST GEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 691 with some other property. Mr. Hanson is a Republican in poli- tics, and belongs to the Scandinavian Relief Association and the Scandinavian Benefit Association, in which latter he lias been president for the past two years. The family worships at the Swedish Lutheran Church. Mr. Hanson was married April 8, 1883, to Magdeline Anderson, a daughter of Christian and Pet- tronelle (Darlow) Anderson, the former of whom was in the tailoring and clothing business in Norway until his death in 1884. The mother died hi the same country in 1898. Mrs. Han- son has three sisters. Two live in Norway and one is wife of the Rev. Wald, in Tacoma, Wash. She also has two brothers, Christ Anderson, who is in the building and constructing business in Chicago, and John Dahr, a Chicago printer. To Mr. and Mrs. Hanson have been born six children. Gustaf, born January 11, 1884, works with his father in the store. Harold is a clerk at the store of Adler, Schacht & Co. He was born July 12, 1885. Ar- thur W., born October 28, 1887. is in the store with his father. Alice Francis was born February 12, 1890 ; Aurelia Agnes De- cember 22, 1894, and Harriet Hermenia Gertrude October 7, 1897. All the children live at home. Samuel H. Haynes, now retired, has for a long period of years been identified with the banking and business interests of Red Wing, and has also served with credit in several public offices. He is of eastern birth, having first seen the light of day at Speedsville, Broome county, New York, December 29, 1849. His father, William Haynes, was in the mercantile business in New York state at the time his son was born. Later, having been ruined in business through the dishonesty of a clerk, William Haynes started west to seek his fortune and engaged for a year as a bridge carpenter with the C., B. & Q. railroad, then building from Chicago to Burlington. Subsequently he brought his fam- ily to Knox county, Illinois. After selling lumber for a Chicago firm as their agent at Altona, 111., he came to Minnesota in the fall of 1858. The trip to this state was made overland with a team of horses, the .journey requiring about a month. Many in- teresting experiences fell to the lot of the traveler in that long journey, which in after life he often related to his son and friends. Reaching Red Wing, he decided that this city, then only a small village in the first decade of its settlement, was an ad- mirable place for a home, and accordingly after getting settled himself, he moved his family here in the spring of 1859. For seven years he cultivated a farm, and then located in the city of Red Wing. He owned about 400 acres of land, considerable of that amount being land in Wisconsin which he cleared himself. He died in March, 1905, and his wife died in 1891. Samuel IT. attended the public schools of Red Wing, and also HI ST OB Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY '692 took a course in Hamline University, at that time lo- cated in Bed AVing. At the age of eighteen he learned the harness making trade, and after four years started in the harness business for himself with his father. At the end of four years his health failed, and he went to Wisconsin and worked three years farming. The succeeding five years were spent in the office of the Goodhue county treasurer, after which lie spent two years as clerk of the probate court. Five months as cashier at the Minnesota Elevator Company, which operated thirty elevators and a large flour mill, demonstrated his ability, but ill health again caused him to retire. He spent a short time in the east, then served as deputy register of deeds one year and deputy county auditor five years. In 1892 he became general bookkeeper for the Goodhue County Bank, remaining fifteen years. During this fifteen years he witnessed many changes in Bed Wing, and had an opportunity to observe closely the finan- cial conditions which have contributed so greatly to its growth. In 1907 he retired from active work, and since that time has lived practically a retired life, although there are still several matters which engross his attention, his specialty being book- keeping and auditing. He has also been in the service of the state tax commission for four months in Duluth. He is vice president of the Red Wing Building Association and secretary of the Red AAUng and Trenton Transit Company. Four years he was alderman from the Second ward and for two years was chair- man of the finance committee of that board. He was on the board of health for four years. A charter member of Company G, First Regiment, Minnesota National Guard, he was compelled to leave the service a:£ter two years and a half on account of ill health. In the Knights of Pythias he is a well-known and influential member, having filled all the chairs in the local order and represented Red Wing at the grand lodge five sessions. For twenty-three years he has been keeper of records and seals in that lodge. Mr. Haynes was married in the fall of 1886 at Minne- apolis, to Julia C. Coleman, daughter of Mrs. Mary Coleman, of Minneapolis. Her mother lives at Red AVing: One daughter, Jessie M., is now attending Hamline University at St. Paul. The family religion is that of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Hugo J. Herder, Red Wing, lias made his own way in the world since coming to this country with his parents as a youth, and his success has been due to his industry, his perseverance and his devotion to hard work. His adult years have all been spent with his present firm in the grocery business, and he is conse- quently well versed in all that appertains to that line of com- merce. He was born in Berlin, Germany, March 6, 1865, and in that historic old city spent his early boyhood, attending the high HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 693 schools and the Berlin Seminary. His father, Frederick (married to Mary Schmidt) was a dealer in coal and wood in his native city. In 1879 the family came to America, and lived in the town- ships of Featherstone and Hay Creek, until 1883, Avhen they moved to Red Wing. In this city the father died, December 21, 1900, and the mother still makes her home here. When the fam- ily came to Red Wing, Hugo, then a youth of eighteen years, started as a clerk in the store of C. E. Friedrich & Co., remaining in this capacity until 1894, when the company was in- corporated under the firm name of Friedrich & Kempe Co. Ten years later Mr. Herder was elected secretary and treasurer of the company, a position he has since retained, his record being one of honor and success. He is a Democrat in politics, and like his partners in business, he has persistently refused to allow his name to be used in connection with candidacy for public office, although he is much interested in all the great public questions of the day. April 25, 1894, Hugo J. Herder was married at Red Wing to Kate Taggart, a native of Hartland, Wis., daughter of John and Bridget Taggart, natives of Ireland, who afterward took up agricultural pursuits in Wisconsin. Her father died in 1886 and her mother ten years later. The Herder home has been brightened by the presence of two children, Justin M., born May 30, 1896, and Harry J.. born December 9, 1898, both pupils in the parochial schools of this city. The family faith is that of the Catholic Church, and Mr. Herder pays fraternal allegiance to the Masons and Modern Woodmen. William J. Longcor, a Red AYing builder and contractor, with extensive business interests, to whose skill several of the most ornamental buildings in Red AYing will stand for all time as a perpetual monument, is a native born son of Minnesota, having first seen the light of day in Lake City, May 6, 1867. His father. Madison Longcor (married to Mary Bartron of Pennsylvania), was a native of New York state. In 1855 he came to Red Wing and engaged in his trade as millwright; removing in 1860 to Lake City, Minn., where he took up the carpenter and contracting business. In 1872 he became a contractor at Bay City. AVis., con- tinuing until his death. October 22, 1880. His widow is now liv- ing in Red Wing. William J. attended the schools of his native city and as a young man became a civil and constructing en- gineer. After locating in Red Wing in 1893 he served two years as county surveyor, later engaging in the contracting business for himself. His interests have steadily grown, and he now con- ducts a general building and contracting business on a large scale. At the present time he has in the course of construction the new Methodist Episcopal church, the new government build- ing, the addition to St. John’s hospital, and other edifices that are 694 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY architectural beautifiers of the city. He has just completed the new building occupied by the Red Wing Printing Company. As a member of the city council, Mr. Longcor’s services have met Avith pleasing encomiums from liis fellow citizens. He is a Re- publican in politics, a member of the Masons, the Odd Fellows and the Modern Samaritans. He attends the Methodist church. Mr. Longcor was married September 28, 1892, at Kirkwood, Mo., to Mary Dumeheek, of that city. To this union have been born, in the city of Red Wing, five children, Mabel, July 14, 1893 ; Albert, September 26, 1895 ; Grace, September 9, 1897 ; Dorothy, October 5, 1899; and Evelyn, October 21, 1901. The family resi- dence is a pleasant home at 709 Fifth street, Red Wing. Ole Hawkinson, one of the earlier settlers of Featherstone township, now a retired farmer living in Red Wing at 1245 East avenue, was born in Sweden, November 9, 1833, son of ITawkin Olson and Hannah Hanson, natives of that country. The father was a carpenter by trade. In his native country he followed that trade in connection with farming,, and in 1854 came to America, locating at Saint Charles, 111., still following his trade. Soon afterward he came to Red Wing. For some years he was a car- penter and during the latter part of his life manufactured or- gans in this city. He died in 1897 at the age of 87 years. His wife died in January, 1856. Ole, after receiving his education in the public schools, worked with his father in his native land, and came to America with the family in 1854. In the spring of 1855 he came to Red Wing, and in 1857 located in the township of Featherstone, this county. He took up 160 acres, cleared and broke the land, erected a house and suitable barns, and carried on general farming. His efforts were crowned with success and in 1903 lie decided to leave the more strenuous activities of farm life to a younger generation. Accordingly he came to Red Wing, taking up his residence at his present location, which he had purchased in 1889, and where he is now enjoying the ease which he so well deserves after so many years of toil and labor. He is a Republican in politics, and a member of the Swedish Luth- eran Church. For many years he was director of his school dis- trict in Featherstone. Mr. Hawkinson was married at Red Wing October 30, 1857, to Kiersti Nelson, who shared with him the dis- comforts of pioneer life, as well as the ease of his later years. She was the daughter of Nels Nelson and Nellie Parsons, natives of Sweden, who came to America and took up their home in Featherstone township, remaining until the time of their death. To Mr. and Mrs. Hawkinson twelve children were born — William, now of Oregon; Hannah, now of Red Wing; Nellie, now of Hast- ings, Minn, (now Mrs. J. H. Featherstone) ; Howard and Edward, now of California; Ferdinand; Oscar, now of Red Wood Falls, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 695 Minn.; Theodore; Calma, now of Red Wing; Lovenia, now Mrs. Otto Taylor, of Northfield, Minn.; Elmer, of California, and Ernnest, of Texas. These children are all Avell thought of in their respective communities, and their respect and affection is making glad the declining years of their parents. John C. Johnson, Red Wing, of the firm of Johnson & Nelson, contractors, estimators and builders, comes of vigorous Nor- wegian stock, born in Norway, February 22, 1864, son of J. C. and Anna (Anderson) Johnson, both natives of that country. The parents carried on general farming in their native country, the father dying late in the year of 1863, and the mother in 1903, the latter having reached a good old age. John C. attended the public schools of his native land and there grew to manhood, becoming proficient in the carpenter trade. In 1885, at the age of twenty-one years, he came to America and settled at Red Wing/ in which city he worked until 1887, afterward going to St. Paul and remaining until 1892. when he again returned to this city. During his years of labor he had been both frugal and in- dustrious, and in 1892 his funds and experience were sufficient to warrant his embarking in business for himself. He accord- ingly formed a partnership with E. G. Nelson, in the contracting business, under the firm name of Johnson & Nelson. This part- nership continued until February 1, 1909, when they dissolved the partnership, Mr. Nelson moving out of town and Mr. Johnson continuing the business, the venture having met with consider- able success. Mr. Johnson is an independent voter, and belongs to the Woodmen, the Foresters, the E. F. U. and I. 0. O. F. He belongs to St. Peter’s Norwegian Lutheran Church. John C. Johnson was married in 1890 to Matilda Quist, daughter of Israel Quist, and to this union one child, Mabel A. L., was born September 2, 1891. In 1903 Mrs. Matilda Quist Johnson passed away, and Mr. Johnson was married, some time later, to Anna Mehrkens, daughter of Henry Mehrkens, of Red Wing. This vmion has been blessed with two children — Theodore A. J.. 'born October 23, 1905, and Ellen II. L., born November 21, 1907. William Johnson, traveling salesman, living at 419 Eighth street, Red Wing, ay as born in Norway, October 1. 1853. His parents, John Bersvendson and Ingeborg Paulson, came to Amer ica in 1865 and located at Bratsberg in Fillmore county, Minne- sota. There the father worked at different trades until 1866, when they moved to Belle Creek, this county, where he pur- chased a farm and lived there until 1871. Their next location was at Lake Sacheteck, in Murray county, this state. There the father homesteaded 160 acres, and by purchase acquired other land, until he owned 500 acres, upon which he farmed until 1890. After about three years in Tracy, Lyon county, this state, during 696 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY which time he purchased various property, they bought a home iu C’anby village, Yellow Medicine county, Minnesota. The mother still lives in the old homestead, in that village, the father having passed away some years ago. William attended the schools of his neighborhood at Belle Creek, and for a year lived in Murray county. He then returned to Goodhue county, and after working in the harvest fields and on a farm for a short time, came to Red Wing and clerked in the grocery store of Watts Sherman, In 1873 he traveled for Gunder Stuvrud, of Aspelund, this county, selling farm machinery, with Northfield, this state, for his headquarters. Fie returned to Red Wing the same year and entered the employ of G. R. Sterling & Co., with whom he remained as clerk and salesman for twelve years. He became thoroughly conversant with the business and in 1885 purchased Mr. Sterling’s interest, the new firm being known as William Johnson & Co. After about seven years this firm sold out in 1892 to J. T. Chinnock, and Mr. Johnson became traveling sales- man for the firm of Tarbox, Schliek & Co., of St. Paul. This com- pany was bought out by the Western Shoe Company, with whom Mr. Johnson is at present employed, being trusted by his employ- ers and liked by those with whom he comes in contact in the course of his business dealings. Although on the road for the greater part of the time, Mr. Johnson retains his interests here, holding stock in several local manufacturing industries. He is a member of the Commercial Club and of the Scandinavian Re- lief Association, in which latter organization he was a member of the revising board until the present year. He votes the Re- publican ticket and attends the Norwegian Lutheran Church. William Johnson was married May 15, 1875, to Ingeborg Kirkeby, daughter of Hemming Kirkeby, of this county. Her mother died many years ago and her father was married in 1885 to Mrs. Sigfrid Yelvang. To Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have been born nine children — John II., deceased; Inga M., deceased; Ida M., Bertha G., Emma L., Clara A., William B., Florence I., and Inge- borg B. Ida married W. 0. Gilruth, of Minneapolis, Minn., man- ager of the First. Mortgage and Farm Loan Company, of that city. Bertha married G. E. Mack, of Red Wing, Minn., avIio travels for the Red Wing Linseed Oil Company. William is traveling salesman for the Red Wing Shoe Company, with terri- tory on the Pacific coast. The other children are living at home. Emma and Florence are graduates of the Red Wing high school. Peter Jorgensen, Red Wing, manager of the Red Wing Fur- niture Company, is of Danish birth. His parents, Hans and Marie (Hansen) Jorgensen, came of a substantial family of that country, the former being a cooper by trade. He died in 1894, having survived his wife twelve years. Peter was born in Den- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 697 mark, January 10. 1850, and at the age of twenty years de- termined to seek his fortunes in America, having already secured a good education in his native country. His first position was in a bank in Chicago, where he clerked from 1870 to 1876. From 1876 to 1879 he ran a book and stationery store in the same city. Deciding that the Opportunities for advancement were greater in a smaller place, he came to Red Wing, shortly before 1880, and entered the employ of the Boxrud Brothers as bookkeeper for three years. Subsequently he filled the same position in the Red Wing office of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, until 1886, when he became interested in the company of which he has since been the manager. Under his management the busi- ness has prospered and is now one of the leading business houses of the city. Mr. Jorgensen is a Democrat in politics and has been too busy with his business to seek public office. He is a member of the Masons and the Knights of Pythias and attends the Episcopal Church. Mr. Jorgensen was married in May, 1881, at Chicago,. 111., to Nanny Danielson, who came from Denmark that year, her husband having gone back to the old country for the purpose of bringing her to America to share his fortunes. Her father, Christian, died in 1901. and her mother is still liv- ing in Denmark. To Mr. and Mrs. Jorgensen have been born nine children. Hans P. is dead and Marie is Mrs. F. D. Putnam, of Red AVing. Harriet, Nanny, Eva, Ruth, Esther, George and Elna are at home. John C. Johnson, now retired and living at Red Wing, is still well knoAvn in Belvidere township, where he was a prominent citizen and farmer, and where he occupied many important posi- tions of trust and honor during the days of his activity. Air. Johnson was born in Norway, June 15, 1839, son of Christian and Carrie (Gulickson) Johnson, natives of" Norway, who came to America in 1857 and located in Winnebago county, AYisconsin, later coming to Belvidere township in 1859, where the father homesteaded 160 acres of land, which he cleared and broke. On this place he built a comfortable home and carried on general farming until his death in October. 1901. His wife died in March, 1899. John C. was educated in the public schools of his native land. He was brought to America by his parents as a lad of eighteen years, and in 1861 he decided to start farming Tor himself. With this resolve in mind he purchased 160 acres in Belvidere township, and to this he soon added eighty more, making in all 240 acres. He broke the land, built a home, and devoted his attention to general farming, making a specialty, however, of grain raising, of which he made a most pronounced / success. In 1900 he retired and moved to the city where he now lives at the corner of Norwood and Sylvan streets, in a house G98 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY which he purchased. He continues to own the farm. During the days of his activity he was chairman and assessor of the township of Belvidere, and since removing to Red Wing has served one term as a member of the city council. He also has a military record. At the last call for volunteers, he enlisted in the Union army, in January, 1864, under Captain Carney and Colonel Col- vill. He was mustered in at Nashville, Tenn., as a corporal in Company I, First Minnesota Heavy Artillery, and did garrison duty at. Chattanooga, Tenn., until mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., in September, 1865. He is a Democrat in politics, and be- longs to the Lutheran Church. Mr. Johnson was married May 6, 1870, at Belvidere, to Christina Amundson, of that township, daughter of Christ' and Regnaa (Simonson) Amundson, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1861 and located in Belvi- dere, where both ended their days. To Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have been born six children — Charles, born in 1870, died in 1887 ; Clara married Andrew Anderson, of Goodhue township, this county; Alma married Austin Everson, of Mazeppa, Minn.; Han- nah married John Otterson, now deceased, and lives with her parents ; Inga and Clarence also live at home. William Thomas Llewellyn, Red Wing, carpenter and con- tractor, now deceased, was born in Wales, England, May 22, 1833, son of John and Mary Elizabeth (Beavers) Llewellyn, who spent the entire span of their years in that locality. William T. received his early education and grew to young manhood in his native town, also working in early youth as a carpenter. After coming to this country he lived in New York city and Cleveland, O., until the outbreak of the Civil War, when lie placed his life at the command of his adopted country. He enlisted in Company C, First Ohio Light Artillery (Ohio Battery), for three months, under Captain Peltoh, being mustered out July 27, 1861, at Columbus, 0. He re-enlisted for three years’ service under Cap- tain Louis Heekman, in Company K, First Ohio Volunteer In- fantry, September 15, 1861, and was mustered out September 12, 1864, at Nashville, having been promoted to the position of sergeant under Captain William Eckles. He participated in all the battles of his regiment, and acquitted himself as a brave and efficient soldier on all occasions. His brother, John, met his death in the bloody carnage in the Shenandoah Valley, having been a private in Co. A., 14th New Jersey Vol. Inf., First Brigade, Third Division, Army of the Potomac. He is buried in Grave 1133 at the Arlington National Cemetery. After the war, William T. came to Red Wing and worked at his trade as carpenter, also doing general contracting. For fourteen years he was employed with the firm of Daniels and Stevens, as foreman on a number of important contracts, and Avas in charge of the avooc! work of the HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 699 Red Wing Sewer Pipe works Factory A. when he was taken with a stroke of paralysis, and was incapacitated from work until his death December 1, 1903. Mrs. Llewellyn now makes her home with her daughter, Mrs. Carl Reckner, at 1038 South Park street, this city. Mr. Llewellyn, who served ten years as a fireman, was much interested in the passage of the firemen’s relief bill by the state, and was a life‘member of the Firemen’s State Relief Asso- ciation. He was street commissioner for nearly eight years, and was a member of the Odd Fellows, the United Workmen, and the G. A. R. William T. Llewellyn was married May 4, 1865, in Jefferson county, Pennsylvania, to Judith Yeoman, daughter of Charles and Martha (Beers) Yeoman, the former of whom died May 30, 1896. The mother now lives in Trenton township, Wis- consin, at the noble old age of eighty-six, and still in the full possession of all her faculties. The oldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Llewellyn is Mattie E., married to Carl Reckner. foreman of factory A at the Red Wing sewer pipe factory, where he lias been employed some sixteen years. Mr. Reckner was a member of Company G, 13th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, and saw active service in the Philippines, being promoted from corporal to sergeant. To Mr. and Mrs. Reckner has been born one daughter, Gladys Catherine, born July 3, 1894. a pupil in the Red Wing public schools. Carl N. Lien, Red Wing, who has a long and honorable record of public office holding in this and Ramsey counties, is the son of Nils G. and Martha (Holm) Lien, natives of Norway. The mother came to America in 1852 and located in Winneshiek county, Iowa. The father came a year later and settled in Manitowoc, Wis. They were married at Decorah, Iowa, in 1856, and in the spring of the following year came to Warsaw, this county, where the father carried on general farming until his death, in 1901. His widow followed him to the grave two years later. Carl N. attended the public schools and took a course in the Lutheran College at Decorah, Iowa. After a course at Northfield, Minn., at St. Olaf’s College, he completed his schooling with a business training in the Curtiss Business Col- lege at St. Paul. Thus, well equipped with a classical and busi- ness education, he started out in life for himself. Between 1879 and 1889 he was justice of the peace, assessor and township chairman, and town clerk in Warsaw, and in 1883-85 was enroll- ing clerk in the house of representatives. From October, 1885, to June, 1886. he was transcribing clerk in the office of the United States surveyor-general, at St. Paul. He was then elected county auditor of Goodhue county, and from January, 1890, to January 4, 1909, served honorably and continuously in that position. Mr. Lien was married April 24, 1878, to Mary E. 700 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Johnson, who was educated in Carleton College and St. Olaf’s College, at Northfield, Minn. She also taught' school six years, four years in Iowa and two years in Goodhue county. This union has been blessed with eight children. Amanda, born July 29, 1879, married Elias Rachie, and lives at Willmar, Minn. Clara M., born October 30, 1880, married Ole J. Olson, a con- tractor and builder, of Sioux Falls, S. D. Anna married Edward Lidberg, of Red Wing. She was born September 11, 1882. Nels N., born August 1, 1884, is deputy auditor of the county. Mabel C., born October 23, 1886, and Julia, born September 9, 1889, are graduates of the Red Wing high school. Conrad, born October 4, 1892, died December 31, 1893, and Carl, born Decem- ber 31, 1894, died April 14, 1896. The family faith is that of St. Peter’s Evangelical church, and Mr. Lien votes the Repub- lican ticket. During the years 1908-09 Mr. Lien has been teach- ing penmanship in the Red Wing Seminary. Isaac Lauver, whose name is inseparably connected with the early history of Red Wing, was born in Lhiion county, Penn- sylvania. June 20, 1832, son of Michael Lauver, a tailor by trade, an occupation which he followed until failing sight made it necessary for him to seek other business. In his later days he moved to Lena, 111., and lived with his son until May, 1871, when he died. Of the nine children in the family, Elizabeth, Anna, Sarah, Mary, William, Lewis, Isaac, Solomon and Joseph, the only one still living is the subject of this sketch. Isaac Lauver received his education in his native county, and after leaving school took up carpenter and joiner work, which he has since followed. He moved to Lena, 111., in July, 1855, and worked in the factory of Manning & Patersoi), manufacturers of reapers and mowers, who were located near that place. Three months later he came to Red Wing and took up his trade, also doing general contracting. During nine years of his life he was foreman for Simmons & Daniels. In 1900 a cataract of the eyes compelled his retirement from active work. In 1857 Mr. Lauver was brought into prominence in connection with the Spirit Lake massacre. On March 31 of that year, in company with William Granger. AY. AV. DeKav, George Huntington and a Mr. Patten, he went to the lake and investigated the massacre, a full account of which is found elsewhere in this history. Returning, the party reached Reel AA r ing toward the end of August. Mr. Lauver enlisted in the Civil War October 10, 1861, and re-enlisted January 1, 1864, being promoted from private to corporal, and then to sergeant. lie served in Company E, 3rd Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, under Clinton Gurnee, Edward L. Baker, AV. AV. DeKay and George AV. Knight, and was badly wounded at Fiehburg Woods, being confined in the hospital in Arkansas HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 701 fifteen days, after which he was removed to the convalescent camp, subsequently being granted a month’s furlough, during which he came to Red Wing, landing June 9, 1862. He then returned to the army, which he . joined at Pine Bluff, Ark., August 7. While on the way to Little Rock, by boat, he narrowly escaped imprisonment or death at the hands of the bands of rebels infesting the banks of the river. Fie was discharged at Duvall’s Bluff, and then resumed his trade in Red Wing. Isaac Lauver was married August 16, 1866, to Helen Swanson, daughter of Ole Swanson. To this \mion were born four children: Augusta and Minnie are deceased; Lillian and Clyde live at home. The family faith is that of the Methodist Episcopal church. Carl Alfred Lovgren, one of the successful dentists of Red Wing, is a native born son of this city, having first seen the light of day July 11. 1879. He received his education in the public and high schools, and was graduated in 1901 from the Chicago College of Dental Surgery. At once, after receiving his diploma, he opened an office at Ellsworth, Wis., and there practiced with considerable success, in the meantime, gaining much experience and adding to his store of knowledge. November 15, 1907, he came back to Red Wing, and in December of the same year opened an office in the Gladstone block, where he has nicely furnished and well equipped rooms, enjoying a wide patronage, including many of his former patients in Ellsworth. Dr. Lovgren is a Republican in political affiliation and a member of the Foresters and Woodmen, as well as of the blue lodge of Masonry, belonging to River Falls chapter, No. 45, R. A. M., and Red Wing commandery, No. 10. He was married June 15, 1904, to Laura Jane Fleming, of Emerald, Wis., daughter of William and Elizabeth (Phillips) Fleming, the former of whom was a lum- berman and conducted a saw mill until his death, in February, 1908. The mother is still living. Barnard Lovgren, father of C. A. Lovgren, was born in Sweden. The mother, Ellen Sander- son Lovgren, was born in New York state. After coming to Red Wing, the father, who is now deceased, was for a number of years a member of the firm of Friedrich, Kempe & Co. The mother still makes her home in Red Wing. Dr. and Mrs. Lov- gren attend the Episcopal church. Lewis P. Alexander, who for several years was chief train dispatcher of the local branch of the Great Western. Avith head- quarters at Red Wing, first saAv the light of day in Morrison, Whiteside county, Illinois, son of Horace and Irene Alexander. The father Avas a veteran of the Civil War, his occupation being that of wagon painter and decorator. He died in Chicago in 1881. After the death of his mother, at Morrison, 111., in 1875, 702 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Lewis P. went to live with his grandmother, and received his education in the schools of his neighborhood, near Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He worked on a farm in the same locality until twenty- one years of age. Ilis first railroad experience was as a tele- graph operator for the Chicago & Northwestern. In 1893 he accepted a similar position with the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern, and was later promoted to the position of train dispatcher. In 1903 he was appointed chief train dispatcher at Red Wing, which position he efficiently and honorably filled. Mr. Alexander is a Republican in politics, and belongs to the Woodmen and the Yeomen. He was married February 28, 1895, to Rilla Thompson, of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, daughter of James C. and Angeline (Fritz) Thompson. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Alexander has been blessed with two children : Mervin L., born April 13, 1896, and Firmin L., born December 5, 1900. Both children attend the public schools. Mervin L., the elder son, is a clever musician, and plays first and second cornet in the Military band. The family worships at the Presbyterian church. Gisle J. Kyllingstad, manager of the Goodhue County Abstract Company, Red Wing, has seen life in three, continents — Africa, Europe and North America. He is one of the very few people now living in the United States who was born in Africa, his natal place having been at the mission station in Eschowe, Zululand, where he first saw the light of day June 13, 1870. His' parents, John L. and Anne M. (Hansen) Kyllingstad, were natives of Norway. They went to South Africa as missionaries in 1863, and pursued their labors of love and faith in that country until 1879. They then returned to Norway, and in 1881 came to America, John L. Kyllingstad having received an appointment as a professor in the Red Wing Seminary. After a year’s service there he again resumed his work as teacher and preacher, until 1890, when failing health caused him to retire. He died at Red Wing August 7, 1890, and his widow now makes her home with her son, Gisle J. Gisle J. received his early education at the mission station in Zululand, and in Norway, also attend- ing the Red Wing public schools. In 1888 he graduated from the Red Wing Seminary, then engaged in bookkeeping until 1902. Subsequently, for four years, he engaged in the retail coal business in this city, and in 1906 sold out and accepted his present position. Mr. Kyllingstad is a Republican in politics, and belongs to the Norwegian Lutheran church. He also affili- ates with the Red Men. He is unmarried. Of his two brothers and one sister, Bertha N. lives in Red Wing, John A. M. at Lexington, Miss., and Peter A. at Minneapolis. J. G. Derickson, retired farmer, living at 1324 Walnut street, Red Wing, was born in Cecil county, Maryland, November 12, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 703 1848, son of John P. and Catherine (Miller) Derickson, natives of Delaware, who afterward moved to Hartford county, Mary- land, where the father carried on farming until his death. The mother is still living in that county, at the age of eighty-four years. J. G. received his education in the public schools, and remained on the farm with his father until reaching his majority, at which time he went to Kansas and took up land in Sedgwick county, where he farmed until coming to Red Wing in 1883. He purchased 165 acres and carried on farming and dairying until his retirement in 1901. He was married in 1874 to Lizzie Arthur, of York county, Pennsylvania, daughter of Nicholas Arthur, of that county. To this union have been born three children. Olive is the wife of George Gove, engineer on the Great Western railroad. Harry F. conducts the home farm, and in connection with this manages a milk depot in Red Wing, where he handles dairy products and sells ice cream, confec- tionery, fruit and the like. Elsie, the youngest daughter, lives at home. For several years past Mr. Derickson has spent his winters in Hot Springs, Ark. He is highly esteemed and well liked. Jesse Mclntire, one of the most prominent men of pioneer Red Wing, was born in Springfield, Mass., August 25, 1821. and there received his boyhood education. At the age of twenty- two years, October 23, 1843, he married Caroline Parker, and together they went to Windsor, Vt., where they remained until 1S56. Three years of life there strengthened them in their determination to seek life amid the wider opportunities of a newer country, and in 1856 they came to Red Wing, then a little settlement under the shadow of Barn bluff. Here the family has since been located. Soon after settling in Red Wing he engaged in the general merchandise business with T. B. Sheldon, under the firm name of Mclntire & Sheldon. In 1861 the partnership was dissolved and the stock sold. Four years later, 1865, in company with a number of friends, he organized the First National bank, and served either as its cashier or president during the entire period of time from that year until the fall of 1905, when he retired from business. His wife died in the winter of 1906, and he followed her to the grave September 3, 1907, having passed his eighty-sixth birthday. At the time of his death it was well written of him: “Mr. Mclntire came here in the very early days of the Red Wing settlement and did not relax his hold on business affairs or in the daily life of those about him until 1905. He was in the prime of life when he came to Red Wing, and that he for nearly fifty years maintained his place as one of the prominent business men of the city indi- cates something of the force and character of the man. He was 704 HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY a good business man, successful in the best sense, a success built upon personal integrity and maintained by straightforward and fair dealing with all with whom he had to do through a long- business career. But he was more than a business man. He was a most kindly neighbor, and as a citizen, loyal to all the best interests of the city. He was a member of the board of man- agers of the State Training School for many years, served on the board of education for a long time, and lias been a member of the city council. In all these positions he was efficient and faithful. lie helped to organize Christ church and for many years past was one of its vestrymen. He was also a member of Red Wing lodge, No. 8, A. F. & A. M. Conservative by nature, even-tempered and gentle in manner, he was a gen- tleman of the old school. He came here from New England, as one of that group of men, many of whom have passed beyond and a few of whom still remain, who have helped to indelibly impress upon the civic life of Red AA 7 ing something of those high and enduring qualities that are associated with that section.” The name of Mclntire is perpetuated by two sons — Henry P. and Frederick J. Swan Olson, a well known resident of Yasa, now living in retirement at Red AA T ing, was a prominent man in the former township for many years. He served as supervisor of the town, as treasurer of the Swedish Lutheran church and as president of the Farmers’ Insurance Company, of Vasa. Mr. Olson was born in Sweden June 28, 1827, a son of Olla and Kirsti Nelson, natives of that country. His early education was received in the schools of Sweden, where he started in life as a farmer. In the late fifties he came to America, located in Yasa township, purchased 160 acres of government land, added to this until he owned 310 acres, and carried on general farming for many years. Like the other pioneers of his day, he broke the land, reclaimed his farm from the native prairie and built a comfortable home. In 1891 he sold fifty acres of his land and retained the rest. One year previous to this he purchased a home on Walnut street, in Red AVing, where in 1891 he moved, renting his large farm to other parties. In 1892 he purchased the Charles Spates farm. Aside from his holdings in Goodhue county, he owns 800 acres in Idaho, now occupied by his sons. Mr. Olson was married in Sweden, in 1853, to Carrie Anderson, by whom he had four children: Martha, born October 9, 1853, now of Seattle, Wash.; Ellen, born October 6. 1857, now of Featherstone township; Andrew, born February 3, 1860, now of Idaho ; and Olof, born October 24, 1861, now engaged in railroading. After the death of his first Avife, in 1861. Mr. Olson was married in 1862 to Anna Bennett, by whom he has fifteen children: Caroline, born HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 705 January 20, 1863, died in infancy ; Kirsti, born February 23, 1866, died in infancy; Nels A., born May 16, 1867, died Septem- ber 27, 1879; Selma, born October 17, 1869, died the following year; Oscar B., born November 4, 1871, died November 3, 1906; Selma B., born March 31, 1874, died April 3, 1885 ; Hanna J. was born June 15, 1876; Alma M. was born October 1, 1878; Alfred, born May 15, 1867, died, 1879; Peter A. Avas born Decem- ber 10, 1880; Hilma M. was born September 26, 1882; Agnes A. was born February 17, 1885 ; Minnie E. was born April 7, 1887 ; Fred was born March 13, 1889, and Esther L. was born April 30, 1894. Wellington J. Phillips, Red Wing, photographer, Avas born at Fort Madison, Iowa, July 7, 1872. His parents were John and Helen (Brown) Phillips, the former a native of Baltimore, Md., and the latter of England. John Phillips learned the busi- ness of photography at a time when that profession was com- paratively in its infancy and the modern inventions and improve- ments along these lines Avere unknoAAui. Later he moved to Burlington, Iowa, and became a conductor on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad. An accident received in a wreck incapacitated him for this employment, and in 1876 he again took up photography, opening a studio in Lake City, Minn. In 1880 his place of business Avas destroyed by the great fire which visited that city that yeai, and in 1883 he came to Red Wing, and continued in the business ten years. In 1891 he became conductor on the Duluth, Red Wing & Southern railroad, on the run from Red Wing to Rochester. In 1895 failing health overtook him and he Avas forced to retire. He is noAv police judge at Stanley, Wis. Wellington J. received his education, first in the Nazarene convent at Lake City, and after coming to Red Wing with the family also studied in the convent here, afterward finishing at high school. Choosing business instead of college, he studied photography and at once started in business for himself. He does excellent and artistic work and has a large trade. He has just completed on Third street a new build- ing, in which he has one of the handsomest and most modern studios in the Northwest. He is a Republican in politics, and a member of the Episcopal church. He is also a member of the Knights of Pythias, and for six years served in the Minnesota National Guards, a member of Company G. Mr. Phillips Avas married February 12, 3 896, at Clinton, Mo., to Mary L. Brooke, of Bristol, Va., daughter of the Rev. Pendleton and Caroline (Bunting) Brooke, of Norfolk, Va. Her father died in March. 3 898, and her mother resides at Seattle, Wash. To Mr. and Mrs. Phillips haA^e been born five children : Eleanor L., April 4, 706 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1899; John B., March 4, 1901; Wellington L., December 24, 1902; Mary L., January 28, 1904, and Frank LeRoy, October 29, 1908. Theron B. McCord was a prominent man in the early com- mercial activities of Red Wing, and is still remembered with respect by the older residents, although he moved away in the early seventies. He was born at Granville, 111., August 18, 1830, son of William McCord. His early education was received in the schools of Illinois, and he worked in that state for a time, coming to Red Wing in the middle fifties. After several years’ employment with Mclntire & Sheldon, the pioneer merchants, he became connected with the potteries. In 1873 he moved with his family to Royalton, AA 7 is., and there he entered into the general mercantile business, which lie continued until his death, August 20, 1893, becoming one of the prominent citizens of that place. In 1896 Mrs. McCord returned to Red AYing, where she uoav makes her home, at 722 Bush street. Air. McCord was a Republican in politics, and for four years served as register of deeds in Goodhue county. He was also a veteran of the Civil War, having served three years in Company D, 10th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry. In fraternal association he was a Alason. Air. McCord was married at Red AA T ing June 10, 1867, to Ellen M. Grannis, daughter of Sidney S. and Sarah (Howe) Grannis, whose sketch appears in this volume. To this union was born one son, Sidney G., November 26, 1868. He married Laura Vasburg, of Waupaca, Wis., August 12, 1893. Of their five children, three are living and two are dead. Alary G. was born August 11, 1897. Kenneth and Catherine, twins, were born August 18, 1900, and the latter died the same day. Theodore and Robert, twins, were born November 6, 1904, and the latter died November 5, 1905. Robert W. Putnam, son of W. II. Putnam, is one of the younger men of this city whose name is already becoming asso- ciated with movements which tend toward the civic improvement of Red Wing. He is a native born son of the city, having first seen the light of day September 26, 1880. As a boy he attended first the graded and then the high schools, and in 1898-99 worked a year in the bank of Pierce, Simmons & Co., later grad- uating from the state university in 1903. His first business venture away from home was as a clerk in the Swedish American bank, of Minneapolis, one year, after which he entered the bank of Pierce, Simmons & Co., of Red AVing, as assistant cashier, becoming cashier in January, 1908. Mr. Putnam is a college fraternity man, a member of the city board of public works and also of the Commercial Club. He has been much interested in the Y. M. C. A. movement. Alfred H. Perkins, deceased, was born in Featherstone, this HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 707 county, October 26, 1867, a scion of old New England stock. His parents, H. and Violetta E. (Ellsworth) Perkins, left New England in the later fifties and located on a farm in the county of Goodhue, coming to Red Wing in the early seventies. Here the father was engaged in several business ventures, continuing his connection with same until his death. The mother now makes her home in Boston, Mass. Alfred received his education in the public schools of Red Wing, farmed five years at Featherstone, engaged in the livery business at Red Wing for a time, and then returned to Featherstone again. In 1895 he removed to Hart- land, Pierce county, Wisconsin, and followed farming there until 1900, after which he entered the employ of the government as rural mail clerk. He died April 15, 1906. Thus cut off in the prime of manhood, there is doubtless much that he would have accomplished had he lived man’s allotted span of days. His life was characterized by hard work and family devotion, and his death was a distinct bereavement to the community as well as to his loving family. He was a Republican in politics, a communicant of the Episcopal church and a member of the Modern Workmen. Mr. Perkins was married April 21, 1889, at Burnside, Minn., to Jennie AY. Purdy, daughter of David and Mary F. (Rolfe) Purdy, natives of New York. They came to Minnesota in 1861 and located on a farm in Goodhue township, where they remained for some time, after which they retired and moved to Red Wing, where the father died. The mother died May 19, 1905. To Mr. and Mrs. Alfred H. Perkins were born three children: Harry H., born August 1, 1892; Burton T., born October 11, 1896 ; and Genevieve, born September 19, 1897. The family residence is at 1601 AAYst Sixth street. Marshall T. Perkins, Red AA T ing liveryman, was born in Featherstone township November 28, 1862. His parents, IT. and A T iolet E. (Ellsworth) Perkins, came from Maine, their native state, in the late fifties, and purchased a farm in Featherstone, where Harston carried on farming extensively until some time in the seventies. He then came to Red Wing, became interested to a greater or less extent in several business ventures, and died in July, 1899. His wife now makes her home in Boston, Mass. Marshall T. received his education in the schools of his neigh- borhood, and kept books for his father two years after leaving school. He then for ten years engaged in farming in Feather- stone township, on his own account. Following this he made his first venture in the livery business, running a livery and sale stable at Red AYing for three years. He then again returned to Featherstone and farmed five years. In 1906 he opened his present livery at 319 Plum street, which he has since success- fully conducted, being a good judge of horse flesh and a fair- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTl r 7U8 minded business man. lie is a Republican in politics, and while at Featherstone served as constable and justice of the peace on several occasions. Mr. Perkins was married March 17, 1884, at Red Wing, to Anna R. Purdy, daughter of' David and Mary Frances (Rolfe) Purdy, natives of New York state. They came to America in 1864, and located on a farm in Goodhue township, where they remained for some time, after which they retired and moved to Red Wing, where the mother died. The father is also deceased, To Marshall T. and Anna R. Perkins were born nine children: Edward W., Nina C., Edna E., Frances V., Ada A., Marjorie C., Delta, Doris and Lawrence. Frances Y. is a milliner at St. Paul. The rest live in Red Wing, the four youngest being at home. The mother of these children died at Red Wing May 13, 1903, and Mr. Perkins was married again, at Red Wing, August 27, 1908, to Lulu M. Harn, of this city. John C. Pfeiffer, veteran of the Civil War and of the Indian outbreak in Minnesota, now cabinet maker for the Red Wing Manufacturing Company, has the unusual record of having worked for over a quarter of a century at the same bench and in the same employ. He was born March 1, 1837, a son of Carl Pfeiffer, a native of Germany. Carl went to Sweden in 1820, and there married Inda Nordling, a native of' that country. After arriving in Sweden, Carl Pfeiffer had charge of a large estate and remained at this vocation until his death, in 1868. Thus, born of German and Swedish parentage, John C. received his education in the Swedish schools and then learned the cabinet making trade, following this until 1858, when he entered the army for two years. AVhile in the army he heard many stories of the success which his fellow countrymen were attain- ing in the American Northwest, and in 1861 he decided to try his fortunes in this country himself. His first location was at Lake City, Minn., where he arrived in the spring of 1861. The country was soon in the throes of the great Civil War, and Mr. Pfeiffer’s soldier blood stirred within him as he heard the stories of the conflict. Accordingly, in the fall of that year he came to Red Wing and September 21, 1861, enlisted in Company D, 3rd Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, which was mustered in at Fort Snelling October 1, 1861, with Captain Hans Mattson and Colonel C. C. Lester. January 1, 1864, he re-enlisted and served until September 16, 1865, making in all four years of service. During the last year he was promoted to corporal. Mr. Pfeiffer was captured at Murfreesboro, Tenn., July 13, 1862, but was held in captivity only a short time. At the Indian outbreak he was sent north to Minnesota, and participated in the battle of Wood Lake, September 23, 1862. In January, 1863, he was again sent south with his company, first going to Cairo, 111., and HISTOKY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 709 thence to Columbus, Ky. He participated in the battles of the siege of Vicksburg, and was detailed to the battery of the 11th Ohio Artillery during the battle of Little Rock, September 10, 1863. Corporal Pfeiffer was never wounded, but as the result of a fever contracted at Pine Bluff during the fall of 1864 he lost his hearing, an affliction which he has borne since that date. After the war he returned to Red Wing, and on October 20, 1865, left for a trip to his native land. July 14, 1866, he again arrived in this city, bringing with him his mother. Stair building and carpentering occupied his attention until 1874, during which time he erected his present residence. In 1884 he resumed his former trade of cabinet making, and entered the factory of the Red Wing Manufacturing Company, where he lias been for the past twenty-five years. He belongs to the A. E. Welch post, G. A. R., No. 75, subscribes to the Lutheran faith, and in politics is an independent Republican. Mr. Pfeiffer ivas married at Red Wing November 19, 1867, to Alice Olson, daughter of ITaken and Hannah Olson, natives of Sweden, who came to America in 1854. locating at St. Charles, 111., until May 5, 1855, when they came to Red Wing, where the father followed his trade of cabinet making until 1878, when he retired. The father died January 5, 1898, and the mother January 4, 1856. Mrs. Pfeiffer was born in Sweden March 15, 1846, and has borne to her husband six children : Rosemund E., born October 1, 1868, died October 16, 1880; Arnold A., born May 20, 1871, died February 23, 1S72; Hannah M., born December 17, 1872, died January 2. 1908. She was the wife of Rev. J. J. Clemmons, now of La Crosse, AA 7 is., to whom she bore one daughter, Alice Marie. Henry J., born September 14, 1875, married Josie Whittemore, of Elk River, Minn., and is now assistant cashier in the bank at Havana, N. D. Alice E., born February 28, 1880, died October 28, 1887. Carl E.. born April 8, 1886, is a dentist at Ashton, 111. John Peterson, Sr., who was the victim of a tragedy while preserving the peace and order of the city, will long be held in honored memory by the people of Red Wing. He was born May 30, 1856, at Wintrosa, near the city of Oreboro, in Sweden, and came to America in February, 1881, locating at once in Red Wing. He worked for a while on the railroad, then entered the employ of the city and in 1893 was appointed a member of the police force. In this capacity he served faithfully and with valor, being on several occasions the acting chief. He was doing active duty when at 9 :10 on the evening of January 14, 1907, occurred the sad events which resulted in his death. The story of the affair is told more fully in the general history of Red Wing appearing in this volume. It is sufficient to say here that one August Bloom, a former Red Wing barber, man- . 710 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY aged to escape from the asylum at Rochester, where lie had been confined, and returned to his home here. Although notified by the Red Wing authorities, the Rochester officials failed to come after their patient, and the Red Wing police decided that on account of threats that Bloom had made he should be locked up. On the evening in question he was located in the Sibley hotel. Accompanied by Mr. Peterson, Chief James Daily entered the waiting room of the hotel. Almost before the chief could speak the crazed man opened fire with a revolver, and a terrible struggle ensued, during which both the chief and Officer Peterson received fatal wounds. Bloom escaped, but was captured by a posse several hours later at East Red Wing. Mr. Peterson and the chief were taken to a hospital. A special train, ordered by Red Wing citizens, brought a physician from St. Paul, and every- thing possible was done to save the men’s lives. It was found that the bullet which wounded Mr. Peterson passed through his left side into the bowels, finding lodgment in the skin about an inch from the navel. An operation was performed by Dr. Rodger, of St. Paul, assisted by local surgeons, but these efforts were unavailing. Mr. Peterson was conscious to the last. He bade his family a fond farewell, expressed great concern for the wel- fare of his chief and passed away January 16, 1907, at 5 :30. The chief also died. AVhen the funeral took place the entire city went into mourning, the merchants closed their places of business and draped their windows in mourning. The Rev. Mr. Darling, of the Presbyterian church, preached the funeral sermon, taking for his text the words, “Deep calleth unto deep.” Before coming to this country Mr. Peterson served three years in the standing army of Sweden. lie was married April 20, 1881, to Ann Johnson, by whom he had five children: John H., 1882 Arthur E., 1884; Ann IT., 1886; Harold V., 1890, and Edna F., 1893. John H. Peterson, son of the above, was educated in the public schools , of Red Wing and attended the night sessions of the Red Wing Business College. He then clerked in several stores and later entered the employ of the Red Wing Gas, Light & Power Company, for which company he has now worked seven years, being the assistant manager; In addition to this, he is one of the proprietors of the Model Laundry. Mr. Peterson is a popular club, and fraternity man. He was one of the organizers of the Florodora Club and served as its secretary ten years. He is a Knight Templar in the Masonic order and also belongs to the LTnited Workmen, for which order he has been a delegate to several state conventions. He is a Democrat in politics. Arthur E. Peterson is the acting manager of the Model Laundry. This laundry was organized September 30, 1907, and John Peterson HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY •711 does a large business in Red Wing and many other cities, employ- ing about thirty people. Aside from general laundry work, a specialty is made of cleaning carpets and lace curtains. Ann H. Peterson is bookkeeper and stenographer for S. B. Foot & Co. Harold Y. does newspaper and clerical work, and Edna F. lias just graduated from the Red Wing high school. Ernest Rehder, one of the substantial German citizens of Red Wing, was born in Neufeldt, Germany, June 21, 1849, son of Jurgen and Maria (Quast) Rehder, also natives of Germany. The father was a blacksmith and shipbuilder and worked at those trades until coming to America in 1872. He first located in Featherstone township, and there resumed his trade as a blacksmith, continuing in this occupation until 1880, when he retired and came to Red Wing, where he remained for the rest of his life. He passed to his eternal reward February 18, 1893, and was followed by his wife July 1, 1894. Ernest received his education in the schools of his native land, and supplemented this with a few months’ training in the American schools after arriving in Goodhue. Before coming to America he worked for a time as a blacksmith, and after landing here in 1871 Avorked on a farm a short time for his uncle. In 1873 he came to Red Wing, and again took up blacksmi thing. The following year- lie started work in a general store, in Avhich employ he continued until 1882, when he engaged in the general store business with his brother-in-larv, Mr. Gerken, under the firm name of Gerken & Rehder, until 1886. In that year lie started on the road as a salesman for a grocery firm, but after a year and a half again became a clerk in a store. In 1890 he engaged in business for himself, continuing this enterprise until 1896. Three years ago, in 1906, he accepted a position as superintendent of the elevator in the Goodhue County National Bank building, a' position he still occupies, being knoAAm far and wide for his genial spirit and accommodating disposition. Mr. Rehder rvas married Septem- ber 23, 1876, at Red Wing, to Maria Augustine, a natUe of Germany and daughter of Claus and Ingel Tobaben. Her mother died in the old country in 1860, and her father came to America in 1870, and located in Hay Creek, where lie farmed until his death. To Mr. and Mrs. Rehder ha\ r e been born nine children, all of whom have attained excellent standing in the community and among their associates. Crala M., born July 21, 1877, mar- ried J. W. Schmidt, of Chicago, and has one daughter, Gretchen. Margaret J., born May 30, 1879, is a stenographer at the La Grange mills. Ernest IT., born June 13, 1881, is a bookkeeper at the Union StoneAvare Company. Lydia A., born March 30, 1883, married Otto P. Albrecht, of St. Paul, and has one child, Paul. Rudolf G., born September 3, 1885, is teller in the Good- 712 HI ST OB Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY hue County National bank and first lieutenant of Company G, Minnesota National Guard. Frederick W., born July 13, 1887, is a jeweler, optician and engraver. John, born July 30, 1890, is a student in the State University. Emil A., born November 26, 1891, is a student in the Red Wing high school, and Ruth TI., born December 25, 1897, is a pupil in the public schools. Mr. Rehder is a staunch Republican and has served the city one term as alderman. The family faith is that of the German Lutheran church. Herman Risch, who has charge of the printing department of the State Training School, has given general satisfaction in that position, possessing that combination of tact, discipline and genuine interest in his work which is so necessary in training boys of the type found at that institution. He was born June 20, 1851. son of Conrad F. and Caroline (Steinhof) Risch, both natives of Hanover, Germany. The father w r as a preacher of the Lutheran faith, and devoted his life to the cause of religion. He came to America in 1848, and located first in Warrick county, Indiana, where his labors as a minister of the gospel were blessed with an abundant harvest. Later he took charge of the Lutheran church at Iluntingburg, Ind., and there preached for many years, later being assigned successively to Evansville and Kellerville, both in Indiana. In the late sixties failing eyesight forced his retirement from the active ministry, and he returned to Hunt- ingburg, where he still continued, so far as his health and eyesight permitted, to follow his chosen work, often acting as a supply on various occasions in various neighboring pulpits. He died in 1891 and his wife in 1894. Herman attended the schools of his neighborhood and then went to work for the Huntingburg “Signal.” This was the first paper in that village, and still exists under the same name. In 1875 he went to St. Louis, Mo., and on April 23, 1876, landed for the first time in Red Wing, which was to be his home in later years. From shortly after that date until 1881 he worked in a store at Front.enac, this comity, and from 1881 to 1884 he pursued a similar occupation in Crookston, Minn. Again returning to Frontenac, he farmed for three years. In the spring of 1888 he had an opportunity to return to the newspaper business, his interest in which he had not allowed to die out during his years of other work. Conse- quently he entered the office of the Red Wing “Argus,” with which lie remained until 1891. He then started in business for himself as editor and proprietor of a German paper which he called the “Teutonia.” In 1903 he moved the plant to Zumbro Falls, Wabasha county, and edited the Zumbro Falls “Mes- senger.” In the spring of 1904 he received the appointment and accepted his present position as the instructor in the printing HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 713 department of the State Training School, being also the editor of the paper “The Riverside,” which is issued by the boys of that institution. Mr. Risch was married December Hi, 1879, at Prontenac, to Caroline Friedrichs, a native of Germany, daughter of Christian and Sophia (Schmidt) Friedrichs, the former of whom died in 1884. The mother now makes her home with her daughter, Mrs. Riscli. To Mr. and Mrs. Risch have been born three children: Conrad, born at Frontenac, November 7, 1880; Theodore, born at Crookston, Minn., November 28, 1882, and •Julia, born at Red Wing, October 14, 1891. The family faith is that of the Lutheran church. Conrad, the oldest son, joined Company G, 13th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, and left St. Paul Avith that company May 13,' 1898, for San Francisco, thence going to the Philippines. He served until mustered out in October, 1899. In 1900 he again enlisted, this time in the 23rd United States Volunteers, going again to Manila. After two more years of service he returned with the regiment to Fort Crook, Neb., until the folloAving July, Avhen he received an ap- pointment as electrician, being assigned to the Bremerton (Wash.) United States navy yards, Avhere he remained until 1908. Conrad Risch Avas married to Evangeline Bailey and has one daughter, Gertrude A. Theodore, the second son, is foreman in the printing office of the “Graphic Sentinel,” at Lake City, Minn. He Avas married February 2, 1904, to Adclie R. O’Neill, of Rochester, Minn. They have three children — tAvo sons, Frederick M. and Theodore A., and one daughter, Carol Isabell. Jared Sexton, a pioneer merchant, of Red Wing, noAV retired, is a native of Befvidere, N. J., born May 12, 1829, son of Thomas P. and Helen (Longstreet) Sexton, the former of whom Avas a cabinet maker until July, 1837, when he purchased 160 acres of land in Waukesha county, Wisconsin, and folloAved general farming until his death, which occurred in August, 1849. The mother died in 1880. After receding his education in the Wis- consin public schools, and working on the farm with his father, Jared came to Red Wing in June, 1855, and for two years Avas agent for the Galena steamboat line. In the spring of 1857 he made his first business venture, opening a meat market. His first beeves were brought from his old home in Waukesha county, Wisconsin, there being at that time but feAV cattle in Goodhue county. After successfully conducting this business for several years, Mr. Sexton, in the spring of 1864, sold out and started a grocery establishment at the corner of Plum and Third streets, Avhere he built up a large and successful business and took part in the steady groAvth which marked the progress of the city of Red Wing during that period. In 1880 Mr. Sexton disposed of his business and has since lived in retirement at 611 Bush street, 714 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY though he still takes an active interest in all that pertains to the advancement of the city’s interests. A staunch Republican in politics, Mr. Sexton has served six years as a member of the city council, and has been a justice of the peace for two years. He belongs to the United Workmen and the Odd Fellows. On December 18, 1853, Mr. Sexton was married to Persis Parker, daughter of Luther and Alethia (French) Parker, who were among the first settlers of Waukesha county, AVisconsin. To Air. and Mrs. Sexton have been born five children: Ida, born in August, 1855, married Walter Roath, now deceased, and lives in the state of Washington. Emma A., born February 19, 1860, married William Walters and lives in Chicago. Helen A., born November 2, 1867, married Charles A. Gilbert, who died in March, 1896. She lives in Red Wing. Charles, born December 3, 1869, died June 26, 1905; and AVilliam B., born December 22, 1874, was drowned in 1880. The family faith is that of the Presbyterian church. Air. Sexton has many interesting reminiscences of pioneer days, and declares that at the time he came here there were but three buildings on Alain street — a hotel known as the Red Wing House, of which Jacob Bennett was proprietor, and two stores, conducted respectively by J. C. Weatherby and II. L. Bevins. Thomas Sturtevant was a man whose executive ability and acquaintance with human nature caused him to make a success of several different vocations. He was born in Hartland, Vt., and in that town received bis early education, afterward attend- ing a business college in New York city. After working four years as a hotel clerk in that city he came to Red AVing in 1863 and opened a tea, coffee and spice store, which he conducted until 1868. In Hartford, Conn., where he located in 1868, he started a theatrical enterprise known as the Allyn Hall, and was associated as manager with the gentleman from whom the theater received its name. For a short time Mr. Sturtevant had charge of the Spring Grove cemetery at Hartford, and later joined the 'police force of that city. In 1875 he returned to Red AYing and engaged in the grocery business until 1880. After a short period as a real estate agent at Hamline, Minn., he took his family to Livingston, Mont., where he became manager of the Hotel Albe- marle. A cattle ranch twenty-six miles from Livingston next occupied his attention, and on this ranch he spent his declining years, passing away December 13, 1894. After her sad bereave- ment Airs. Sturtevant returned to Ilamline, Minn., where she remained until 1902, in which year she returned to Red AALng, where she now lives. Thomas Sturtevant was a Republican in politics, and belonged to the Knights of Pythias. His religious faith was that of the Methodist Episcopal church. Busied with HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 715 his private enterprises, he never sought public office. Mr. Sturtevant was married at Jamesport, Long Island, N. Y., June 28, 1869, to Mrs. Elsie (Skillman) Wilcox, daughter of Francis Skillman. To Mr. and Mrs. Sturtevant was born one daughter, Nellie Sheldon, born December 25, 1881, now living at Portland, Ore. She married Dr. Noble W. Jones. Mrs. Sturtevant ’s Red Wing home is at 830 Fifth street. M. A. Tucker, son of the Rev. Ezra Tucker, was born at Wolcott, Vt., February 15, 1841, and was educated in the public schools, also taking a course in Hamline University, at that time located in this city. He was a student in the state normal school at Winona when the Civil War broke out. The war prac- tically closed the school, the majority of the faculty enlisting as volunteers. The students also enlisted in large numbers, M. A. Tucker entering the United States service in 1863, serving until the close of the conflict. He was in C. A. Hatch’s battalion, Minnesota Volunteer Cavalry, fighting against the Indians at Pembina. Mr. Tucker was a corporal in his company. After the war he engaged in wheat raising in the township of Feather- stone, on his father’s farm, until 1877, when he went to Marshall, Minn., and homesteaded 160 acres, upon which lie conducted farming operations until 1888. After another year at Feather- stone' he again returned to Marshall, and after five more years there came to Red Wing. Two years later he went to South Dakota and remained eleven years as clerk in a drug store. In 1907 he retired, and since that date has lived at 454 Ninth street, Red Wing. He belongs to the Methodist church and votes the Republican ticket, being a member of the United Workmen and the local G. A. R. post, in which latter he is the chaplain. M. A. Tucker was married in 1877 at Marshall, Minn., to Minnie Lockey, daughter of James M. and Jane (Frame) Lockey, natives of Canada, who located in Missouri in 1876, and later in Marshall, Minn., where the father was a druggist. They are now living at Faulkton, S. D. Mrs. Tucker is deceased. To Mr. and Mrs. Tucker were born three children : Anna Llewellyn, married to Edward Hoffman, of Bonestell, S. D. ; William, who lives at Faulkton, where he is married and has two children ; and Grace, also living at Faulkton, who is married to Milton H. Douglass. M. A. Tucker also has two brothers, A. C. and J. J., and a sister, now Mrs. A. IT. Cross, of Montrose, Colo. Philander Gates was one of the early settlers of the county and a familiar figure in the early days. He was born in Alle- ghany county. New York. August 8, 1815, son of Abel and Mary B. Gates, both descended from early New England stock. His boyhood education was received in the schools of his native county, after which lie took up farming with his father. As HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 716 a young man he went to Rockford, 111., and started liis business career as a grain buyer. While in that city he married Phoebe Herrick, who died in 1852 in the city of Chicago, where he went from Rockford. He remained in Chicago as a grain trader several years. January 28, 1856, he married Clarissa J. Nichols, of Riga, N. Y., and together they moved almost immediately afterward to Beloit, Wis., where they remained two years. In Roscoe, Minn., which was their next location, Mr. Gates farmed for a while, and in 1862 located in Red Wing, where he conducted a trucking line between La Crosse and Red AVing, that being in the days before the railroad, when merchandise had to be brought here either by boat or drays. He continued in the draying business for many years, retiring in 1888, when he sold his extensive business to the firm of Gates & Glardon, the latter of whom still carries on the enterprise. For several years Mr. Gates was also a Red Wing grocer, under the firm name of Gates & Allyn. He was a Republican in politics, and for two years served as a member of the city council. Being a quiet man, he did not seek office, but was nevertheless interested in all public movements that had for their object the upbuilding of the city. He died May 6, 1907, his wife having gone before him, May 11, 1903. By his first wife Mr. Gates had four children : Mary, Sarah and George E., of Red AVing, and AVilliam. of Fortunia, Cal. By his second wife he had three children, all of whom live in Red Wing. Clara Al. is the wife of J. A. Palmer. Irving R. is the local agent for the Standard Oil Company, and Jennie May is the wife of Al. N. Cudgel, she being the member of the family to whom the editors of this work are indebted for the above facts con- cerning her honored father. Amherst F. Graves, now deceased, was probably one of the best known men of his time in Red Wing, his positions as post- master and hotel proprietor making him a conspicuous character. It is to the cerdit of his memory that all who knew him were his friends, and his record was above reproach in both public and private life. He was born at Plattsburg, N. Y., December 26, 1832, his parents being Myron and Fanny Graves, both natives of the Empire state. Myron Graves was a tinsmith by trade, an occupation which he followed practically all his life. In the fifties he located in Oshkosh, Wis., and there remained several years, later coming to Red Wing, in the sixties. Here he ended his days, and bis wife, who survived him, passed away a short time afterward in Racine, AA T is. Amherst F., after attending the schools of his native state, learned the tinsmith trade with his father, and worked at this vocation until 1865, when, in April of that year, he came to Red Wing and entered the employ of F. L. Baker. In this establishment he remained twelve years. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 717 From 1875 to 1887 he served as postmaster of Red Wing, a record of which service will be found in the postal history of the county. During this time he also engaged in the meat business, which he conducted all the twelve years of his government appointment. He then became manager , and landlord of the St. James hotel, remaining in this capacity three and a half years. lu 1889 he retired from active business and lived in retirement from that date until his death, February 13, 1906. He was a Republican in politics, a Methodist in religion and a Mason by fraternal affiliation. He also had an honorable record as an officer in the Civil War. He enlisted as second lieutenant in Company B, McClellan’s Dragoons, October 22. 1861. and was discharged November 8, 1863. He at once re-enlistecl as veteran volunteer in Company I, 12th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, and served with valor until the finish of the conflict. Mr. Graves was mar- ried at AVells Creek, Minn., October 3. 1865, to Matilda Mosier, daughter of Benville and Sarah (Yohn) Mosier. Her father was a miller by trade and came west to Iowa in 1845. In 1854 he removed to Rock Island, 111., remained there two years, and in 1856 came to Minnesota and located at Hay Creek, this county, being one of the first settlers in that township. Here he success- fully conducted farming operations for several years, and in 1884 retired, taking up his home in Red Wing, where he ended his days, May 16, 1899. His wife died November 19, 1899. To Mr. and Mrs. Graves were born two children: Myron B.. born June 30, 1866, is now proprietor of the Golden West hotel. Min- neapolis. He married Margaret Vally. Harry B. was born at Red Wing May 8, 1867. He is the proprietor of a restaurant at Minneapolis. By his wife, Jessie Sanburg. he has one daughter, Violet M., born June 27, 1900. Enos F. Grow, a veteran of the Civil War. now in the rail- way mail service, was born in Granville, Licking county, Ohio, March 16. 1843, a son of William S. and Mary Jane (Case) Grow. William S. Grow moved to Granville, 0., in 1839, and to* Cin- cinnati, O.. in 1844. Ten years later he came to Red Wing and purchased 240 acres in Burnside township, and upon these rich acres he carried on successfully an extensive farming business. Desirous to take up his residence in the then rapiclly-growing village of Red Wing, he sold his farm and in 1858 engaged in the livery business on Plum street, on the lot now occupied by Red Wing’s beautiful city hall. July 1, 1861, when the call came for volunteers, he placed his life at the disposal of his adopted country, and enlisted in Company I, Second Minnesota Volunteer Infantry. He was appointed first lieutenant and was then pro- moted to quartermaster, serving until January 28, 1863, when he was called home on account of the illness of his beloved wife. 718 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY He was then appointed provost marshal and served until the close of the war. From that time until about 1872, he occupied a farm of 160 acres which he had previously purchased in Belle Creek township, this county. Later he moved to Lac qui Parle county, where he farmed for a time, afterward going to Dawson, Minn., where he spent his declining years until his death, in No- vember, 1906. His widow still makes her home at Dawson. Enos F. received his education in the public schools, and in the high school at Ottawa, 111. After leaving school he engaged in the livery business with his father, continuing the same until April 20, 1861, when he enlisted in Company F, First Minnesota Volun- teer Infantry, as a private. Fie was promoted to corporal, and although wounded at Savage Station, while participating in Mc- Clellan’s change of base from Chickahomony to the James river, took part in every engagement of the regiment as follows: First Bull Run, July 21, 1861 ; Edwards Ferry, October 22, 1861 ; York- town, May 7, 1862; Fair Oaks, June 1, 1862; Peach Orchard, June 29, 1862; Savage Station, June 29, 1862; Glendale, June 30, 1862; Nelson’s Farm, June 30, 1862; Malvern Hill, July 1, 1862; Vienna, September 2, 1862; Antietam, September 17, 1862; First Fred- ericksburg, December 11, 12 and 13, 1862; Second Fredericks- burg, May 3, 1863; Gettysburg, July 2 and 3, 1863, and Bristow Station, October 11, 1863. After his discharge he returned to Illinois, where he farmed four years. In 1868 he came to Red Wing, farmed with his father one year and was then appointed deputy sheriff, a capacity in which he served until 1879. He later entered the railway mail service, his first run being on the C., M. & St. P. R. R. from Minneapolis to Chicago. His present run is on the Chicago Great Western, between Rochester and Minne- apolis. On national questions, Mr. Grow votes the Republican ticket. On local and state questions he votes independently. In the Odd Fellows he has held all the chairs, and has also occupied several offices in the Masonic order. The family attends the Baptist Church. Mr. Grow was married August, 1872, to Sophia F. Wifgon, whose father was a stationary engineer’, and came to America in 1851. lie located in Red AVing in 1868, and carried on truck farming until his death at the home of Mr. Grow, November 6, 1896. To Mr. and Mrs. Grow were born two daughters. Jennie W. married E. A. Gustafson, of Red Wing. Florence C. married G. W. A. Buell, also a resident of Red Wing, assistant road mas- ter of the C., M. & St. P. R. R. Fred O. Green, a successful general contractor and house mover, of Red Wing, is a native of this state, born September 23, 1872, in Kandiyohi county. His parents were Peter and Marie (Johnson) Green, the former of whom was a cappenter by trade who settled in Welch township, this county, in 1852, and became HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 719 a farmer, an occupation which he followed for the remainder of his life. His death in 1876 was regarded as a distinct bereave- ment to the community in which he lived. The mother now makes her home at 915 Putnam avenue, this city. Fred 0. had the ad- vantages of a thorough education in the Red Wing public schools, and then took up the trade of carpentering, which he followed four years. At the end of this period he saw an opportunity for the establishment of a general contracting business, in which he accordingly embarked. This industry he has since continued. In politics a Republican, he nevertheless to a large extent votes independently, in accordance with the issues of each campaign. He is a popular member of the Ropal Arcanum and attends the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Green was married July 3, 1894, at Red Wing, to Tillie S. Anderson, daughter of John and Christine Anderson. The father is dead and the mother is now Mrs. John Jackson, of Hartland, Wis. To Mr. and Mrs. Green have been born four children — Ruth, born April 14, 1895 ; Herbert, born June 12, 1896 ; Frances, born July 5, 1899, and Leland, born September 22, 1901. The family residence is a pleasant home at 1210 West Third street, Red Wing. Irving’ R. Gates, local agent of the Standard Oil, is a native of this county, born at Roseoe, Minn., February 23, 1861, son of Philander and Clarissa J. Gates, early pioneers of this county. Irving R. »received his education in the public schools of Red Wing. After leaving school he started in business for himself, running a dray line and doing general teaming for ten years. He also had the local agency for the P. C. Hanford Oil Company, which in 1888 Avas merged in the Standard Oil, in Avliose employ he has since remained. He now serA r es fourteen towns in Minne- sota and Wisconsin, being highly regarded for his promptness and honesty as well as for his geniality and ability. During his early career he was the OAvner of a livery stable for several years, and supplied a team of horses for the hose cart of the fire department. Aside from this he has had more or less dealings with the municipality during his entire business career. A Repub- lican in politics, Mr. Gates belongs to the Red Men and the Mod- em Woodmen. For tAventy years he Avas a member of the vol- unteer fire department of the city, and during this time served several terms as treasurer of the Phoenix Hook and Ladder Com- pany, and at the present time is apnember of the Red Wing Fire Department Relief Association. Irving R. Gates Avas married at Red AYing, May 30, 1891, by the Rev. J. W. Hancock, to Caroline C. Carlson, a native of Sweden, who came to America with her parents in 1881. They located in Red AYing and in this city the father died. The mother now makes her home Avith Mrs. Gates. Air. and Airs. Gates have one son, Richmond D., born June 9, 1896. 720 HISTOKY OF GOODHUE COUNTY The family residence is at 119 Seventh street, Bed Wing. Mr. Gates’ holdings include an eighty-acre farm near the city limits, known as “Sunny Brook Farm.” This he conducts in connection with his other business. George E. Gates, Red Wing, collecting and insurance agent, was born at Beloit, Wis., July 31, 1852, son of Philander and Phoebe A. (Abbot) Gates. He was brought to Red Wing at the age of six years, and has many boyhood recollections of men and events long since passed into history. The public schools of that period gave him an opportunity for a good common school edu- cation, and as a youth he learned the tinner’s trade. This he fol- lowed until 1896, when he opened an establishment of his own, successfully conducting same for ten years. The confinement, together with the contact with the metallic fumes necessary in this business, undermined his health, and in 1906, at the advice of his physicians, he gave up his tinning store, and later engaged in the collecting and insurance business, performing all the de- tails usually attended to in such an office. Mr. Gates votes the Republican ticket, is a Baptist and a member of the Foresters and the Modern Samaritans. He was married in this city, July 4, 1876, to Harriet Roberts, daughter of S. W. and Lucinda (Growl) Roberts, natives of Michigan. They came to Red Wing November 4, 1862, and for twenty years Mr. Roberts engaged in the teaming business. Thun he became a skilled veterinary sur- geon and in 1883 went to Ellsworth, Wis., where he practiced his profession until the time of his death. Plis wife died December 5, 1903, at Red Wing. To Mr. and Mrs. George E. Gates have been born three children — Zaidee A., born at Red Wing, January 1, 1878, died May 22, 1903; Bessie M., born August 4, 1879, mar- ried Dr. E. Van Camp, of St. Thomas, N. D. Dr. and Mrs. Van Camp now live at Athens, Mich., rvhere they have two children — Lawrence, born November 1, 1905, and Edith, born August 14, 1907. Lawrence, the third child of Mr. and Mrs. Gates, was born December 18, 1881. and died October 16, 1882. Frederick F. Hoorn, of Red Wing, engineer and machinist for Charles Betcher, was born in Kroneberg’s lan, Sweden, April 3, 1837. His father, Andreas Hoorn, born in 1808, and died in 1894, was a blacksmith by trade. His mother, Christina Nelson, was born in 1809 and died in 1894. Both parents remained in their na- tive country all their lives. Frederick F. attended the Swedish schools and learned the blacksmith trade as an apprentice to his father, also mastering the art of a machinist. He continued in these occupations, being, for a time, engaged in a foundry and mill business with his brothers. He spent one year in Copen- hagen, Denmark, working in locomotive shops. In the spring of 1870 he emigrated to America, spent the summer in Boston work- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 721 mg in locomotive shops, and then came west, locating at Red Wing, where he was employed as machinist in the iron works of the Densmore Brothers. Desiring, on account of his health, to follow an occupation that would permit him to be out-of-doors, he purchased 160 acres of land in Burnside township, this county, in 1872, which he broke and improved, carrying on general farm- ing*. During this period he received many offers to resume his trade as a machinist, and in 1892 he returned to Red Wing, where he built a new home, and became engineer at the North Star Stoneware Company’s plant. Two years later he accepted a sim- ilar position with the Charles Betcher Lumber Company at their factory, where he has since been continuously employed. At pres- ent he has charge of the repair and machine work. Mr. Hoorn was married December 17, 1871, to Mary Berg, a native of Kal- mar bin, Sweden, born June 30, 1851, wlro came to America in 1869, locating at Red Wing. She was the youngest daughter of a family of nine children, six of whom emigrated to America. To Mr. and Mrs. Hoorn have been born eight children — John Albert, drowned in the Mississippi at Red Wing in 1894, just after hav- ing completed his freshman year at the state university ; Karl * FI., D. M. D., University of Minnesota, practicing dentistry at Brainerd. Minn. ; Herman U., at present living at home ; Lydia M., wife of William II. Miller, lawyer, living at Spokane, Wash.: Esther V., married to Aaron E. Johnson, manufacturing jeweler at Minneapolis ; Edith A., teacher at Brainerd, Minn. ; Frederick AY., student at the state university, Minneapolis. The family holds membership in the Swedish Lutheran Church. The resi- dence is at 1803 West Fifth street, Red Wing. Judge Axel Haller, of the probate court, is a worthy example to the younger generations of what a young man of native ability may accomplish by means of hard work and persevering effort. He was born in Wermeland, Sweden, December 11, 1858, one of the five sons of Andrew and Carrie (Benson) Haller, who brought their family to America in 1867 and settled at Wana- mingo, this county. There the father purchased a residence and for many years pursued the business of contractor and car- penter. Worthy citizens in every respect, honored residents of their community, the parents are now living a life of comparative retirement, made happy in the afternoon of life by the loving regard of their descendants. Axel Haller received his education in the public schools and in the Red Wing Seminary. After leaving the seminary he taught school winters and farmed sum- mers for several years. His services for ten years as secretary of the Cherry Grove, AYanamingo and Minneola Mutual Fire In- surance Company gave general satisfaction, and also increased his acquaintance among the influential men of the county. As HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 122 assistant cashier of the bank at Zumbrota he continued his suc- cessful career, and in November, 1894, he was elected probate judge. His victory at the poles was assured from the start and he entered the office with the hearty support of a large majority of the citizens of the county. Since that time he has been suc- cessively re-elected. Of his services as judge little need be said, as his sympathy, helpfulness and impartiality are known in every city, village and farm residence in the county where the hand of death has made his services necessary. Aside from holding a political office, Judge Haller has business interests in the Pierce Simmons Bank and in the Eed Wing Advertising Company. In the former he is a director, and in the latter secretary and di- rector. Fraternally he is a member of the United Workmen and the Modern Woodmen. He is a Republican in politics and a member of the Norwegian Lutheran Church. To Axel Haller and his wife, Inger Ottum, whom he married in 1882, have been born six sons and two daughters. Alma C., a school teacher, is in White Earth, N. D. ; Nelson B. is on a farm in the same state; Adolphus is studying law in the state university at Minne- • apolis; Helmer L., Carl A., Chester A., Victor F. and Florence J. are all at home. Martin Hanson, merchant tailor, who enjoys a fine class of trade among the prominent men of Red Wing, was born in Nor- way, May 8, 1864, a son of Andrew and Mattie (Severson) Han- son, both natives of Norway. The father died when Martin was very young, and his mother in 1886 came to Wisconsin, where she still makes her home at the age of sixty-three years. Left without a father’s care, Martin attended the public schools of his native country a short time, and at an early age was apprenticed to an uncle, who taught him the tailor’s trade. In the spring of 1880 Martin came to America and worked one year in Rice county, Wisconsin. He came to Red Wing in 1881, and worked two years for Jacobson, the tailor. Subsequently he was employed one year by the Boxrud Brothers, two years for Peterson & Grondahl, and nine years by P. A. Sandberg. After prospecting for a time at Spokane, Wash., he again returned to Red Wing and started in business for himself. Mr. Hanson served two years in Company G, is a Republicon in politics and belongs to the Modern Woodmen. He was married July 20, 1887, to Dena Bjerke, of Red AVing, daughter of Thorvald and Patra (Peter- son) Bjerka, natives of Norway. Her father is living in Norway and her mother died in 1879. To Mr. and Mrs. Hanson have been bo;m two children — Isabel, September 10, 1891, and Leonard, March 25, 1893. Leonard attends the Red Wing Seminary. The family worships at St. Peter’s Norwegian Lutheran Church. In Air. Hanson’s family were ten brothers and sisters, only two of HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 723 whom, besides himself, are now living. Louisa, married to Will- iam Welda, lives in South Dakota. Lewis is married and also lives in South Dakota. Joseph Hallgren, apiarist and poultry fancier, has a record of thirty-five years’ continual residence in Red AVing. He was born in Sweden, July 20, 1847, son of Andrew and Johanna Hall- gren, the former of whom died in 1863 and the latter in 1851. After receiving his school training in his native land, Joseph came to America in 1866, and became a coachman in St. Paul. There he remained until 1873, when he took a trip to Louisiana and Arkansas. April 8 of the following year he came to Red Wing and took up wfirk as a carpenter, a trade which since that uate he has continued to follow nearly all the time. In 1878 he purchased four lots on Phelps street, where he built a com- fortable home. Many years ago he began to take an interest in bees and chickens, and with the passage of time he became an expert along both these lines. He has a colony of 125 hives of bees which produce a large amount of honey. Mr. Llallgren reads all the latest writings on bee culture and has become an ex- pert on the habits of the busy little insects. His fowls, in which •he takes a deep interest, consist of a large flock of barred Ply- mouth Rocks, of which he has reason to feel very proud. His fowls and bees have taken prizes at several exhibitions. Air. Hallgren is a Republican in politics and for two years served as one of the trustees of Oakwood cemetery. He is a member of the Swedish Lutheran Church and holds membership in the Scandinavian Benevolent Society. -January 1, 1876, he was married at Red AVing to Anna C. Johnson, daughter of Andrew AY. and Johanna Johnson, the former of whom died July 26, 1871, and the latter in 1908. Mr. and Airs. Hallgren have no children. An adopted son, Gust Hallgren, upon whom they set their affections, was drowned in the Mississippi river Alay 27, 1892. Samuel T. Irvine, assistant city clerk, was born in Trim Belle, Pierce county, Wisconsin, August 6, 1861, son of Samuel and Chritne (Huddleston) Irvine, the former a native of Ireland and the latter of Morristown, Inch The father, upon coming to America, stayed for a short time in Chicago, and in 1845 located in Milwaukee, remaining four years. He then moved to Pierce county, purchased a farm and carried on general farming until his death, April 4, 1898. The mother is still living on the old homestead at the age of sixty-eight years. Samuel T. Irvine re- ceived his education in the public and private schools of AYis- consin and worked on the farm with his father. Like many other boys of his day, lie did his farm work in the summer time and attended school in the winter. After completing his studies he taught district school eight years in Pierce county and served as 724 ill STORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY clerk of his township. July 1, 1890, he entered the railroad mail service, continuing until January 1, 1902, after which he engaged in business at Red Wing, conducting the Bee Hive, which Avas managed along the lines of a department store. In September, 1907, he sold his interest in this establishment and engaged for a time as traveling salesman for a Red Wing concern. For tAVO months he conducted an insurance office and December 16, 1908, was appointed to his present office of assistant city clerk, in which position his clerical accuracy and accommodating spirit have been highly commended. Mr. Irvine is a Republican in politics and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. lie belongs to several Masonic degrees and is the junior warden of the Blue Lodge of that order. He also belongs to the Knights of Pythias, the Yeomen Insurance Company, the Memorial Day Association, the Sons of Veterans and several other organizations. While in Pierce county he Avas a justice of the peace three years, 1885 to 1888. Mr. Irvine Avas married August 26, 1885, to Myrtle E. Merritt, daughter of Francis and Eunice R. Merritt, of Bel- fast, N. Y. Her father died in Belfast, N. Y., and her mother is now living at Red Wing. To Mr. and Mrs. Irvine have been born one daughter, Eunice M., August 3, 1900. George W. Humphrey, Red Wing, now retired, has had an in- teresting career as a farmer, fighter and florist. He was born in New York city, August 11, 1843, son of John and Sarah N. (Stev- ens) Humphrey, both natives of England. The mother Avas born in the town of Bristol, England, and Avas brought to America by her father, a blacksmith, a.t. the age of thirteen years. Later the family moved to Elmira, N. Y., from New York city, Avhere they first located. At Elmira Sarah N. married John Humphrey, and they took up their residence in that city. It is a remarkable coin- cidence that Mrs. Humphrey left England on the day that Queen Victoria Avas crowned, and died on the day of the queen’s death, the two occurring only a feAv hours apart. On the same day, January 22, 1901, Mr. Humphrey also died. A double funeral Avas held at their home, 701 East Second street, Elmira, N. Y., and was largely attended, both old people being greatly beloved. The homestead is hoav occupied by the youngest daughter. George W. received his education in the New York state public schools and also took an academic course in his home city. His first work Avas as a clerk in a dry goods store at Elmira. After tAvo years in this store he enlisted, July 17, 1862, in Company D, One Hundred and Seventh New York Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war, first under Captain S. A. Ben- nett and Colonel A. S. Diven, and later under Colonel Crane. He was commissioned successively by Governors Seymour and Fen- ton, and during the last nine months of his service Avas in com- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 725 mand of his company. He was wounded at the battle of Dallas near New Hope Church, and participated in the Potomac cam- paigns, also serving at Gettysburg, Resaca, Antietam and Chan- cellorsville, being with General Hooker in his strenuous cam- paigns. During the grand review at AYashington which followed the surrender of Lee, Captain Humphrey passed by the reviewing stand with his eleven men, all that remained of his brave com- pany. After the war Mr. Humphrey returned to Elmira and worked for a time as a florist with his parents. In July, 1868, he came to Red AYing, and after working a short time as a car- penter took up general contracting work, which he continued until 1873, when he went to Cannon Falls for two years. There he engaged in business two years. After his return to Red AYing he worked at his trade for two years, and then received the ap- pointment as sexton of Oak wood cemetery. There he worked ten years and in 1900 opened a florist’s establishment, which he man- aged four years. In 1904 he retired. He owns a quarter section claim in Dakota, and raises a few vegetables and flowers near his home on Fifteenth street, Red AYing. AVliile in Cannon Falls Mr. Humphrey served as a member of the city council. He ay as once elected county coroner of Goodhue county, but never qual- ified. He is a Republican in polities, and belongs to the United AVorkmen, the Odd FelloAA’s, and to the G. A. R. posts both in Red AYing and Elmira. N. Y. Mr. Humphrey Avas married in January, 1874, to Agnes C. Dover, of Cannon Falls, daughter of Christo- pher and Elizabeth Douer, the former of whom was an architect and builder. To this union Avas born one son, Benjamin S., June 27, 1875, now living in North Dakota. Airs. Agnes (Douer) Humphrey died August 7, 1884. and on December 27, 1894, Air. Humphrey married Airs. Sarah Phyllis (Saunders) Scliunk, daughter of Daniel and Mary (Goddard) Saunders. Her father died Alarch 8, 1879, at Red AYing, and her mother is living at Fort AYorth, Texas, Avhere she celebrated her ninetieth birthday, February 14, 1909. To Mrs. Humphrey and Mrs. Sarah Humph- rey has been born one son, George AY., Jr., NoA r ember 15, 1896, now .attending the Red AYing schools. To Airs. Humphrey, by her former husband, Jacob D. Scliunk, whom she married De- cember 5, 1875, and who diecl*in 1890, two children Avere born. Arthur J., born at Hay Creek, October 25, 1876, is married and is president of the Northern Accident Insurance Company, located at Aberdeen, S. D. Jesse A., born at Hay Creek, June 25, 1882, is married and lives at Richville, Minn., where he is a successful George Hartman, deceased, AA^as for many years a hardware florist. merchant in Red AYing. He Avas born in AVittenburg, Mecklen- burg, Germany, in 1846. His parents, David and Alargaret Hart- 726 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY man, natives of Germany, came to America in 1852, and located first in Milwaukee, coming to Goodhue county with the early set- tlers and purchasing a farm in Hay Creek, where he ended his days. The mother survived him and died in Red Wing. George came to Hay Creek township with his parents in 1856. He pur- chased 150 acres, broke and improved the land, built a home, and for several years devoted his time to farming. Later he came to Red Wing and opened a hardware business, which he continued all his life with considerable success. His career ended July 13, 1890, in this city. Mr. Hartman was a Democrat in imlitics and belonged to the United Workmen. In religious faith he was a worshiper at the Lutheran Church. George Hartman was married at Red Wing June 27, 1878, to Mary Wallauer, born January 10, 1850, daughter of Paul and Kate (Yolk) Wallauer, who came to America from Germany, their native land, and located in New York state. There the mother died and the father came to Goodhue county, purchased a farm, and remained until his death in 1884. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Hartman was blessed with six children. George J., born March 5, 1879, is deceased; John, born July 5, 1880, is a chemist at Minneapolis; Anarand J., born September 20, 1881 ; Myrtle, born March 8, 1884, is deceased; Clara D., born October 18, 1885, lives at home; Alma M., born April S, 1887, is dead; Annard, the youngest, is manager of the North American & Postal Telegraph Cable Com- pany, also engaged in business as a cigar and tobacco merchant at Red Wing. Herman Hanisch, the honored and trusted superintendent of Oakwood cemetery, Red Wing, for the past two decades, holds the esteem of all who know him. He was born in Germany, De- cember 24, 1853, and his boyhood education was received at AVau- pun, AA r is., after which he learned the trade of carriage making, which he followed at Waupun until 1878, when he came to Red Wing and engaged in the same business with considerable success. His honor and integrity were known throughout the city, and in 1889, when the trustees of Oakwood cemetery had the appoint- ment of a new superintendent, Mr. Hanisch was selected as the man for the position, the duties of which he has since that date discharged in a faithful manner. He is a Democrat in politics, an Episcopalian in faith and a member of the A. O. U. W. Mr. Hanisch was married at Red Wing to Annie M. J. Freestedt, daughter of S. A. and Alreca Freestedt, the former of whom was a Red AVing wagon maker. To Mr. and Mrs. Hanisch have been born five children. Lottie is a school teacher in Goodhue village, this county. Edwin and Grover live at home, and Adolph and Emmett are deceased. George Washington Hawkins, now a Red AA 7 ing painter, has HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 727 had an interesting career by land and sea, and lias seen life in various parts of the globe, as well as under varied conditions in this country. He is a native son of New York city, born February 22, 1840. His father, Thomas Hawkins (wife’s maiden name Mary) was a native of England. He came to America in the late twenties, and in New York city, where he first located, fol- lowed his trade as' machinist for many years. He then went to Mobile, Ala., and opened a large machine shop, where he em- ployed thirty men. At the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861 he was so outspoken in his devotion to the Union and his oppo- sition to secession that he was held captive by the Confeder- ates as a northern sympathizer. He died in Mobile in 1867. The mother died in New York city in 1841. George W. received his education in the city schools of New York and then took up a seafaring life. January 14, 1862, he joined the United States navy. Upon his discharge at Baltimore, Md., at the close of the war in 1865, he at once re-enlistecl and served until 1868, when he was again discharged at Baltimore. During his six years’ ser- vice he was under the command of George Dewey, who later be- came the hero of Manila. After being released from the United States service he made several trips on Lakes Erie, Michigan and Superior. He then came to Red Wing in the fall of 1868 and en- tered the paint establishment of his brother, AY. E. Hawkins, who was a pioneer painter of Red Wing. In this employ he remained tAventy years. For two years following this he conducted a paint shop of his own. and then entered the employ of Scott & Harrison, with whom he remained six years. Subsequently he went to work for C. A. Erickson, with whom he still remains. He is a Republican in politics, and a member of the Episcopal Church. He also belongs to A. E. Welch Post, No. 75, G. A. R., in which he is the snare drummer. Mr. Hawkins was married , January 1. 1873, at Red Wing, to Mary James Jordon, daughter of John Jordon, a prominent farmer of AVacouta, this county. Both parents are now deceased. To Mr. and Mrs. Hawkins have been born five children. George is a painter at Portland, Ore. Caroline M. is now Mrs. C. E. Beckmark, manager of the Beck- mark Shoe Company, of Red Wing. Mabel P. is Airs. H. H. Lucas, of Hastings, Minn.; Harry is a barber at Portland, Ore., and John G. died in 1901. The family residence is a pretty home at 735 Potter street. Joseph A. Haustein, is another of Red AYing’s young profes- sional men who have made rapid strides along the road of suc- cess and prosperity. In connection with his large practice he is conducting special studies of the human eye, and keeps well abreast of all the latest developments along the lines of artificial assistance to the human vision. Dr. Haustein was born in this 728 HI ST OB Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY city, July 31, 1880, son of Joseph and Anna (Koch) ITaustein, the mother a native of Germany and the father of Dayton, 0. Joseph Haustein, Sr., died March, 1901, and his widow is still living. After receiving his preliminary education in the schools of Red AVing, Joseph A. Haustein took a course in the Northern Illinois Colege of Opthalmology and Otology, where he graduated with honors July 28, 1906, passing his examination to practice in this state October 24. In November of the same year he opened a well-equipped office at 308)4 Bush street, where he practiced until July 1, 1909. He is now located in his new building on Third street, next to the Red AVing Daily Printing Company, having a large clientele in the city and also in Goodhue and Pierce county. He is an independent voter and attends the Catholic Church, being a member of the Knights of Columbus and of the St. Joseph Society. Dr. Haustein . was married No- vember 17, 1903, at Minneapolis, to Bernice Franklin, daughter of George B. and Alice (Block) Franklin, farmers of Mazeppa, AVabasha county, this state. John M. Hjermstad, machinist and garage owner, was brought to this country from Norway, by his parents, Martinus IT. and Martha (Johnson) Hjermstad, while still an infant. The parents came to Red AVing in 1866 and purchased 160 acres at Bell Creek. In November, 1904, the mother died and in 1897 the father sold his farm and is now living a retired life at Kenyon, Minn. John M. was born September 23, 1862, and received his education in the public schools of Bell Creek, this county. He remained on the home farm until twenty-one years of age and then went to St. Paul, where he worked successively for the following compan- ies : St. Paul Harvesting Company, learning the trade, two years ; for same company as master mechanic at North St. Paul, two years; Ear huff Organ and Piano Company at North .St. Paul, seven years as master mechanic ; Luger Furniture Company, North St. Paul, two years; Konantz Saddlery Company, of St. Paul, five years ; Lee and Hoffman Manufacturing Company, of St. Paul, two years ;«V alley Iron AVorks, of St. Paul, one year. After this long period of able and faithful work in and about St. Paul, Mr. Hjermstad came to Red AVing in the spring of 1902 and formed a partnership with C. F. Hjermstad and J. R. Trautner, in the boat building business. After two years he sold out and in October, 1905, opened a machine establishment and garage which he lias since owned, managed and conducted. Mr. Hjerm- stad is a Republican in polities and during his residence in North St. Paul served as fire chief from 1890 to 1897, as village re- corder from 1892 to 1894, and as a member of the village council one term. He belongs to the United AVorkmen and the Knights of Pythias, in which latter order he has been through all the HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY ?29 chairs. Mr. Hjermstad was married June 16, 1891, to Stella L. "Webster, daughter of Mino B. Webster, of Burlington, la., super- intendent of the Burlington car shops at Leffler, la., for twenty- six years. The father died in January, 1899, and the mother February 18, 1903. Mr. and Mrs. Hjermstad have been blessed with a son and daughter, Harry M., born September 13, 1892, and Mariae M., born August 13, 1895. The family worships at the English Lutheran Church. Aaron Carlson was born in Sweden, June 28, 1850. and came with his parents to America in 1854 and located in Minnesota, where they took up a homestead of 160 acres in Vasa township, which they broke and prepared for cultivation. They followed general farming until 1873, when they retired and moved to Red Wing, where in February, 1880. the father was killed by a falling tree. The mother died in February, 1906. Aaron Carlson received his education in the schools of Vasa township, and later attended Hamlin University at Red Wing. After finishing his studies he took up farming on his father’s farm in Featherstone, which he conducted for six years. In 1879 he went to Trimbelle, Wis., and operated a saw mill for three years. In 1882 he re- turned to the old farm in Featherstone township, and engaged in general farming, dairying and stock raising. He has 160 acres of land under cultivation and ten acres of good timber in Burnside township. He has made a great many improvements of the place and has a fine home. His farm is located nine and a half miles from Red Wing. Mr. Carlson was married in 1873 to Carrie Ernberg, daughter of Jonas and Sarah (Bush) Ernberg, natives of Sweden. They came to this country in the early days and settled in Vasa township in 1869. where they engaged in farming. The father died in 1902, the mother having passed away in 1897. Mr. and Mrs. Carlson have six children — Augusta, a teacher at the Vasa Orphans’ Home; Emily married Victor Lar- son, a farmer of Vasa; Archie E.. now in Chicago, is with Rie- bault & Co. ; Harry lives at home ; Mabel married Alfred Carleen of St. Paul, and Frances, who teaches in the public schools of Anoka, Minn. Mr. Carlson is an independent voter. He has served on the town board for two years, as chairman. He and his family are members of the Swedish Lutheran Church of Vasa. Hon. William W. Phelps was born in Oakland county. Michi- gan, in the year 1822 ; graduated at the university of his native state ; practiced law several years, being partner in the law of- fice of General Stevens; was married in 1849 to Sarah B. Mann. He was elected a member of the legislature of the state of Michi- gan, and while a member of that body was appointed by President Pierce register of the land office which was soon to be opened at Red Wing, Minn. This appointment was obtained through the HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 730 influence of Senator Stewart, a warm personal friend of Mr. Phelps, and one who gave him much encouragement at the be- ginning of his career. He came to Red Wing in the fall of 1854, and, in connection with Hon. C. C. Graham, began arrangements for opening an office here for the sale of the public lands in the Red AYing land district. The lands were then but partially surveyed, and the territory of Minneosta, with the exception of a few villages along the Mississippi, unsettled, and its natural resources undeveloped. Arrangements were completed and the United States land office opened for business on the first of February, 1855. Mr. Phelps proved himself a faithful and efficient officer. His duties in the land office made him acquainted with the needs of early pioneers, and he was always ready to help those who came with- out much capital to make a home for themselves in this new country. Such Avas his popularity that he Avas elected repre- sentative to congress as soon as Minnesota was admitted to the Union, and while a member of that body did good service for his constituency. He Avas tAvice elected mayor of the city of Red AYing. And Avhen in our country’s greatest need a call was made upon her sons to maintain, at the peril of life, the suprem- acy of the Union, he was of the number of those avIio Avere ready to venture all in the cause of their country. In all that pertained to the prosperity of Red AVing, from the day of his coming here until the day of his death, his efforts in the extension of business relations, in opening up channels of communication, public improvements and kindred matters, the attitude and action of Mr. Phelps, as a citizen, has been that of a liberal and far-seeing man. Nor Avas his influence restricted to his oavu toAA r n or county. He Avas Avell knoAvn throughout the state as a man Avho could be relied upon and assist in advancing the best interests of the commonwealth. He died August 3, 1873, and his earthly remains were deposited in Oakwood ceme- tery. A beautiful monument has been placed over his grave. Lucius F. Hubbard Avas born in Troy, N. Y., January 26, 1836. He went to Chicago in 1853 and in 1857 came to Red AYing. His first venture in Red AYing Avas the establishment of the Red AYing Republican, which is still in existence. On the outbreak of the Civil AY'ar he sold his newspaper to enlist as a private in the Fifth Minnesota' Infantry. He Avas commissioned captain February 5. 1862; lieutenant colonel March 20, 1862, and colonel in August of the same year. He Avas wounded at the battle of Corinth. After the fall of Vicksburg Colonel Hubbard commanded a brigade at the battle of Nashville, where he was again wounded. He Avas breveted brigadier general for conspicuous gallantry. In 1872 he Avas elected to the state senate and re-elected tAVO C. J. F. Smith HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 731 years later. He was elected governor in 1881 and re-elected in 1883. In recent years Governor Hubbard has made his home in St. Paul. C. J. Ford Smith, deceased, formerly of Red Wing, was born in Hudson, N. IT., March 28, 1826, son of Jefferson and Sarah Smith, natives of NeAV Hampshire. He received his education in the common schools of Hudson, and later attended a seminary in NeAV Hampshire for a short time. In 1852 he came west and located in St. Paul, where he Avas employed in a general merchan- dise store until 1854, when he came to Red Wing and engaged in the mercantile business, which he conducted until 1882, Avhen he sold out and retired from active business life. Mr. Smith Avas captain of the militia at the time of the Indian massacre and Avas ordered on guard duty for a short time. He Avas assistant assessor and reA^enue collector for the government a number of years. In politics he Avas originally a Republican, but in later life voted the Prohibition ticket. He was married November 8, 1857, to Elizabeth J. Adams, daughter of Ezra and Electa P. (Ismoncl) Adams, natives of New York state, Avho in 1830 located in Illinois, Avhere the father followed his trade of wagon and car- S> . nage making until his death in 1845. The mother passed aAvay in 1883. Mrs. Smith received her education in the public schools and attended the Presbyterian seminary for girls at Jacksonville, 111. In 1856 she came to Red Wing, began teaching and con- tinued for two years, being one of the pioneer teachers. The Avedding of Mr. and Mrs. Smith Avas the first held in the Presby- terian church, Rev. J. W. Hancock officiating. They had five children: Harvey P., born August 8, 1858, uoav at Duluth; Albert L., of Helena, Mont., born October 5, I860; Harriet F., born March 11, 1865, now of Pittsburg, Pa. ; Lyman A., born January 28, 1868, and died January 18, 1877; Helen S., of Boston, born February 5, 1873. Mr. Smith Avas one of the founders of the Presbyterian church, and aauas one of the elders until his death. He Avas also a constant attendant and teacher in the Sunday school. John Lind Avas born at Kenna, Sweden, March 25, 1854. The family came to America in 1867, settling in Goodhue county, Minn. Here John lost his left hand by accident AA'hile laboring to support the family. By his untiring energy and perseverance he was able to attend school, and in 1870 obtained a teacher’s cer- tificate. In 1873 he moved to Sibley county, and moA^ed to NeAV Ulm the year folloAving. He had for some time cherished the idea of entering the legal profession and with this object in aucav he devoted himself to the study of the laAv in private, partly by himself and partly in an attorney’s office in Ncav Ulm. In 1875 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY lie attended the law school at the State University and graduated in 1876. was admitted to the bar, and opened a law office at New Ulm the year following. Upon his graduation from the university lie was elected superintendent of schools of Brown county. In 1881 he was appointed receiver in the U. S. land office at Tracy, a position he held until 1885. These duties, however, did not pre- vent him from continuing in his legal profession, in which his emi- nent talents soon made him distinguished. But not only did Lind become noted as one of the most able lawyers in his part of the state, but his great ability in public life and his excellent qualities as a man soon convinced the people of the state of Minnesota of his eminent fitness for representing their commonwealth in con- gress. Consequently, in 1886, he was elected to congress on the Republican ticket from the Second congressional district, re- elected in 1888 and again in 1890. In 1896 he was the candidate of the Democratic party and the People’s party for governor, but was defeated. During the Spanish- American War he was appointed regimental quartermaster of the Twelfth Minnesota Infantry with the rank of first lieutenant. While encamped at Camp Thomas, Chickamauga Park, the Democrats and Silver Re- £ publicans nominated him for governor, and he was elected m 1898. He is now engaged in the practice of his profession in Minneapolis. He was married in 1879 to Alice Shepard. They have three children. David Hancock, or “Uncle Dave,” as he is lovingly called, was born April 22. 1812, in AYorcester county, Mass. He went to Vermont with his parents, learned blacksmithing, which he car- ried on with his brother, and then went to work on a Connecticut steamboat, of which he afterwards became captain. He came to Red Wing June 12, 1851, and in partnership with Thomas Lo- water ran a stage line. He took a contract for delivering mail once a week from this city to Austin and St. Nicholas, Minn., but being of an accommodating disposition, gave a semi-weekly service instead. As assistant of Sheriff Harry Hoffman, who first went east and was then appointed postmaster, Mr. Hancock was practically the real sheriff, and to him belongs the honor of tak- ing the first prisoner from this city to Stillwater. Mr. Hancock then went to live in Goodhue township, where he enlisted in the Civil War, serving one year as drum major. From his discharge until 1877 he engaged in steamboating on the Mississippi and in the latter year practically retired. He was also the first cap- tain of the Nellie Sheldon, one of the early ferry experiments across the river at this point. David Hancock has twice been married, first to Adeline Stearns, and after her death to Olive Field. He is the father of six children. James M. Goodhue. Minnesota Territory was organized March HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 733 3, 1849, and nine days thereafter James M. Goodhue (after whom Goodhue county was named) arrived in St. Paul with press, type, etc., to commence the publication of a newspaper. Mr. Goodhue was a graduate of Amherst College, and a lawyer by profession, and like many another a man before and since his day and gen- eration, became a newspaper editor by accident. Says Mr. Niell : “He had been invited to take the oversight of a press in the lead regions of Wisconsin during the temporary absence of its con- ductor, and soon discovered that he increased the interest of the readers in the paper. From that time he began to pay less at- tention to the legal profession and was soon known among the citizens of the mines as the editor of the Grant County Herald, published at Lancaster, Wis.” While residing at Lancaster he became interested in the territory of sky-tinted waters (Minnesota). “In April. 1849, he found St. Paul nothing more than a frontier Indian trading settlement, known by the savages as the place where they could obtain Minne Wakan, or whiskey, and wholly unknown to the civilized world. ’ ’ It was Mr. Goodhue’s intention to call his paper “The Epistle of St. Paul,” and he had so announced in a prospectus published in February preceding. In the first isue of his paper, however, which was made on the 28t,h day of April, he announced a change of title, in the words following: “The paper was to be called ‘The Epistle of St. Paul,’ but we found so many little saints in the territory jealous of St. Paul that we determined to call our paper ‘The Minnesota Pioneer.’ ” “The editor of the Pioneer,” says Minnesota’s historian, Neill, “was unlike other men. Every action, and every line he wrote, marked great individuality. lie could imitate no man in his manners, nor in style ; neither could any man imitate him. At- tempts were sometimes made, but the failure was always very great. Impetuous as the whirlwind, with perceptive powers that gave to his mind the eye of a lynx, with a vivid imagination that made the very stones of Minnesota speak her praise ; with an in- tellect as vigorous and elastic as a Damascus blade, he penned edi- torials which the people of this territory can never blot out from memory. Elis wit, when it was chastened, caused ascetics to laugh. His sarcasm upon the foibles of society was paralyzing and unequaled by Macauley in his review of the life of Barrere. When in the heat of partisan warfare all the qualities of his mind were combined to defeat certain measures ; the columns of his paper were like a terrific storm in midsummer amid the Alps. One sentence would be like the dazzling, arrowy lightning, peel- ing in a moment the mountain oak, and riving it from the top- most branch to the deepest root; the next, like a crash of awful thunder; and the next like the stunning roar of a torrent of 734 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY many waters. To employ a remark made at liis funeral, ‘With the ingenuity of Vulcan, he would hammer out thunder bolts on the. anvil of his mind, and hurl them with the power and dexterity of Jove.’ “As a paragraphist he was equaled by few living men. His sentences so leaped with life that when the distant reader perused his sheet he seemed to hear the purling brooks and see the agate pavements and crystal waters of the lakes of Minne- sota, and he longed to leave the sluggish stream, the deadly malaria, and worn-out farms, and begin life anew in the terri- tory of the sky-tintecl Avaters. When the immigrant from week to Aveek Avas disposed to despond and give Avay to the distress of homesickness, the hopeful sentences of his paper in relation to the prosperous future chased that dismal feeling aAvay.” Such Avere the characteristics of James M. Goodhue, the pioneer editor of Minnesota, who was born at Hebron, N. H., March 21, 1810, and who died at St. Paul on Friday evening, August 27, 1852, at half-past eight o’clock. His usefulness had just commenced. At the beginning of his manhood’s glory he Avas called to the brighter shores of the Eternal Beyond. Minnesota never had, and never will have, a truer, more ardent or enthusias- tic friend than James M. Goodhue. Hart N. Cook, chief of the Red Wing fire department, is a na- tive of Watertown, N. Y., born December 5, 1857, son of James H. and Sarah A. (Barney) Cook, both natives of NeAv York state. Hart N. received his early education in the public schools of liis native city and supplemented this training Avith a course in the Hungerford Collegiate Institute at Adams, N. Y. After leav- ing school he assisted his father on the farm and then learned the machinist trade Avith the DaAds Sewing Machine Company. In October, 1883, he entered the St. Paul fire department and in March of the folloAving year was promoted to the position of lieutenant. In July of the same year he was made captain, re- taining that position until 1889, when he was promoted to as- sistant chief engineer. After nine years’ faithful service in this capacity he became the chief of the department and served three and one-half years. In 1904 came to Red Wing as chief of the fire department, which position he has since retained, greatly to the satisfaction of the people of the city.| Otto A. Ulvin, manager of the savings department of the Goodhue County National Bank, is a native of NorAvay, but has spent the larger part of his life in Wisconsin and Minnesota. He Avas born June 18, 1867, a son of AndreAV and Gunhild M. (Lar- son) Ulvin, -who came to America w T hen young Otto Avas a child of five years, and located in Pierce county, Wis. Otto received his earliest education in the public schols of Pierce county, and sup- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY plementecl this with studies at the Red Wing Seminary and at the Curtiss and Rosenberger Business College at Red Wing. For one year he taught school, and in 1888 engaged in the general mercantile business at Esdaile, Wis. In 1895 he opened a grocery establishment in Red Wing, which he conducted until 1907, when he accepted his present position with the Goodhue County Bank. P. J. Lundquist, sheriff of Goodhue county since 1894. P. J. received his education in the schools of Sweden and worked as a mail driver. In 1869 he came to America and located at once in Vasa, this county, where he farmed and worked on the rail- road until 1872, when he purchased a farm, upon which he carried on general farming until 1883. He then came to Red Wing and was appointed deputy sheriff, serving four years. In 1887 he was elected constable and served until 1891, when he was ap- pointed chief of police of the city of Red Wing. In politics a Republican, he is a member of the Elks, the Modern 'Woodmen and the Commercial Club. Thor Erickson, jeweler, is one of those men who, without seek- ing notoriety or display, quietly pursue their own path in life, and by their honesty and industry make up the solid and con- servative elements of the communities wherein they reside. He was born in Nannestad Prestgjeld, Norway, February 13, 1843, son of Erick Thorson and Earn Hawkinsdater, both natives of Norway, the former of whom was a shoemaker by trade. The mother died in 1869 and the father in 1870. The schools of Norway afforded Thor his early education, after which he learned the jewelers’ trade. He came to America in 1865, and for two years worked in Fillmore county, Minnesota, removing in 1867 to Bloomingdale, Vernon county, Wiscinsin, where he worked at his trade three years. From 1870 until 1893, a period of twenty- three years, he lived in Melvina, Monroe county, "Wis. In 1893 he opened a jewelry store in Reel Wing, and here he has since re- mained, his hard work, his square dealing and his uncompro- mising honesty having won for him an enviable position in the city. He carries a heavy stock, enjoys a large trade and does an extensive repairing business. He is a Republican in politics, and while at Melvina served many terms as road overseer. Mr. Erickson was married April 13, 1867, at Bloomingdale, Wis., to Mary M. Olson, a native of Norway. Her parents came to Amer- ica in the early days and located at Coon Valley, Wis., later going to Bloomingdale in the same state, where the father engaged in farming. After his death the mother went to Melvina, Wis., where she lived to the good old age of ninety-five years. To Mr. and Mrs. Erickson have been born seven children — Edward, deceased; Alice, of Minneapolis; Chai’les, a Minneapolis jeweler; Anna, married to J. M. Billo, of Red Wing; Herman, deceased; HISTOKY OF GOODHUE COUNTY i oG Matilda, deceased, and Gustave. Mrs. Erickson died February 17, 1908, at Red Wing. William M. Ericson, county attorney and well known in fra- ternal circles throughout the state, is a native born son, his natal appearance having been at Red Wing, July 15, 1880. His parents, John F. and Johanna Marie (Helsing) Ericson, came to America in 1870, located a short time at Lake City, then went to Chicago, where for three years he followed the shoemaking trade. July 8, 1874, the parents came to Red Wing, where they have since re- sided, the father being still in business at Ringstrom’s shoe store. In the family there were five children. George E. is now a leading attorney of Spooner, Wis. William M., the second son, is the subject of this sketch. Esther 0. lives in St. Paul. Alice A. is Mrs. Bruce P. Canfield, of St. Paul, and Lillian M. F. is employed by her brother William M. as a stenographer. As a boy, William M. attended the schools of Red Wing, standing well in his classes. During the years 1898-1900, while attending the high school, he was the agent for the Minneapolis Journal and delivered the papers around this city. He graduated with honor from the Red Wing High School, class of 1900, and then studied law with Hon. F. M. Wilson, at the same time serving as reporter and edi- torial writer for the Red Wing Daily Republican. As the result of his diligent studies he was admitted to the bar in 1906 and from March 1 to December 1 of that year was in partnership with his preceptor. December 1 he opened an office of his own, and in November of that year was elected county attorney, his services giving so much satisfaction that he was re-elected in the fall of 1908. He is a Republican in politics. Attorney Ericson has passed through the chairs of the Knights of Pythias, and is one of the prominent Ellis of the state, being esteemed leading knight of the local lodge. He is also great sachem of the state lodge. of Red Men and chief of records of the local tribe of Red Men. His other fraternal associations include membership in the Odd Fellows, Modern Woodmen, the Foresters, the Yeomen, the Workmen, the Eagles, the Scandinavian Benevolent Society, the Red Wing Commercial Club, the American Society of Curio Collectoi’s, the “Bill Club,” the Aurora Ski Club, of RedWing, the Red Wing Rod and Gun Club, the Goodhue County Historical Society, the City Hospital and Civi League. He is president of the Florodora Club. His religious faith is that of the Swedish Lutheran Church. Charles A. Erickson, proprietor of a large wagon-making es- tablishment at Red Wing, and a veteran of the Civil War, Avas born in Sweden, December 25, 1841, son of Erick and Sarah (Carlson) Erickson, who tilled the soil in their native land. They came to America in 1857, located in Red Wing, and became Avell- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY ryory / o ( known citizens, the father dying in January, 1857, and the mother March 19, 1883. After receiving his boyhood education in the schools of his native land, Charles A. came to America with his parents, and for a short time attended the Red Wing schools, afterward engaging in various Avork until the outbreak of the Civil War. March 25, 1862, he enlisted in Company H. Fifth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, for three years. The record of this company and regiment will be found elsewhere in this history. The company muster-out roll contains the f ollowing : ‘ ‘ Priv ate Charles A. Erickson, wounded in the battle of Nashville, Tenn.. December 15, 1861. His descriptive roll on file at the adjutant general’s office states that he Avas in all the campaigns Avith his regiment from the first skirmish at Corinth, Miss., May 25, 1863, until the battle of Nashville, Tenn., December 15. 1864, the regi- ment during that time having marched seven or eight thousand miles and participated in more than twenty engagements Avith the enemy. He has always been a faithful soldier.” This tribute AA r as signed by Hawley, chief assistant mustering officer. Pri- Arnte Erickson Avas discharged from service ' March 27, 1864. at Alexandria, La., and re-enlisted the next day. serving until the close of the war, when he received his honorable discharge, Sep- tember 6, 1865, at Demopolis. Ala. Returning to Red Wing, he took a three years’ course in Hamline University, and then stud- ied law for one year. For a time thereafter he clerked in the hardware store of C. Betcher & Co., and in 1873 opened a small shop for the manufacture of sleighs, wagons, and the like. Since that date he has continued in the same business, enjoying a constantly increasing trade, employing continuously a force of from six to ten men. He purchased his present property on Main street in 1878, and has several times remodeled the place to suit the convenience of his business. In addition to this property he owns a pleasant home at 415 Bluff street, all his possessions being the result of his perseverance and industry. For four years he Avas a member of the city council and one year served as presi- dent of that body. He is a Republican in politics, and a member of the Scandinavian Relief Association and A. E. Welch Post, No. 75, G. A. R. Charles A. Erickson Avas married at Red Wing, July 6, 1873, to Augusta Albertina Foss, a native of SAveden, born October 4, 1852, who came to America with her parents, Charles J. and Charlotte C. (Erickson) Foss, in 1854. They located at GeneA r a, 111., until 1856, then came to Goodhue tOAvnship, this county, and located on a farm. The mother died there March 19, 1883, and the father brought his family to Red Wing, Avhere he died May 19, 1907. To Mr. and Mrs. Erickson haA r e been born eight children. Hilma S., born May 5, 1874, married C. A. K. Johnson, postal clerk in the Red Wing post office. Wilhelmina C., 738 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY born Feb. 15, 1876, is a successful school teacher. Charles E., born Sept. 3 , 1877, died March 13, 1881. Arthur B., born April 8, 1880, died Sept. 21, 1898; Anton T., born Dec. 4, 1882, died June 8, 1901 ; Edna V., born March 10, 1885, is stenographer and clerk in the Red Wing post office; Ruth A., born Feb. 9, 1891, died April 1 of the same year, and the youngest child died in infancy. Mr. Erickson attends the English Lutheran Church and the fam- ily worships at the Swedish Lutheran Church. John J. Ferrin, furniture dealer and undertaker, of Red Wing, has the honor of having assisted with the finishing of the artistic wood work of many of the larger public buildings of Chicago. He is a native of New York state, born at Jamestown, March 2, 1860. His parents, Matthew and Margaret (Donahue) Ferrin, came to America from Ireland in the early days, the father living in Jamestown, and the mother in Buffalo, N. Y., until their marriage. Father and mother are both deceased. John J. attended the graded and high school of his native town, but started in work for himself at an early age. His first season as a laborer was spent in learning the brick-layers’ trade. Then he learned furniture and cabinet finishing, following this occupa- tion twenty-nine years in various employes. He worked eight years with the Martin Bros, of his native state as assistant fore- man, afterward entering the employ of Booth and Osgood, of Chicago, manufacturers of school, church and office supplies. With this firm he had charge of the finishing department, one of the big contracts at which he worked being the furnishing of the Chicago post-office. After leaving this employ, he was fore- man, two years, for the Rothchilds, of the same city, manufactur- ers of saloon and hotel fixtures. As foreman for R. F. Misner, with whom he was next employed, he worked on the furnishings of the Public Library and of the old Chicago City Hall. Labor troubles over the brick layers of Chicago, threw him out of em- ployment, and consequently, on July 19, 1887, he came to Red Wing, entering the employ of the Red Wing Furniture Manu- facturing Company, on trial. After the three weeks’ test was concluded, he was given a position in their finishing room, re- maining in this employ about thirteen and one-lialf years. In 1899 he started in the retail furniture business with Magnus Carlson, still holding for a short time, his position with the manu- facturing company. His retail business, however, increased so rapidly that it soon demanded all of his attention. On January 13, 1906, Mr. Ferrin purchased his partner’s interest and added an undertaking departement to the establishment. In politics, Mr. Ferrin is a Democrat. He lias been a member of the Mod- ern Woodmen twenty years and has passed through all the chairs of that order. He js grand Knight of the Knights of HTSTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 739 Columbus, and belongs to the Yeomen, the Eed Men and the Bed Wing Commercial Club. The family religion is that of the Roman Catholic church. John J. Ferrin was married at Chi- cago, August 1, 1884, to Catherine T. Farrel, of that city. The Farrel family passed through the horrors of the great Chicago fire, Catherine being the only one of the family who escaped with her life. To Mr. and Mrs. Ferrin have been born six children: Mary Ann, April 30, 1885; Francis J., December 22, 1888; George C., March 19, 1896; Margaret, February 19, 1898; Catherine E., September 17, 1902, and John B., September, 1905. All the children are at home, the older sons helping out in their father’s store. Gustaf S. Fisk, paperhanger, painter and decorator, also pro- prietor of a store at 224 Main street, Red Wing, was born in Sweden, November 25, 1874, son of Erick J. and Annie (Parson) Fisk, the former of whom after spending his life as a miller in the old country died in the spring of 1882. The mother is still livings making her home in Sweden. Gustaf received his education in the Swedish public schools, worked on a farm until eighteen years of age, and then, in the spring of 1893 came to America and located in Red Wing. His first employment here was with the potteries, three years, as a kiln worker. Desiring more out-of-door employment, he learned the painting and paper- hanging trade with B. A. Olson, remaining four years. Fie next started in business for himself with Robert Ringstrom as a part- ner. Two years later he bought Mr. Ringstrom ’s interest, con- tinued the business alone one year, admitted Aaron Anderson as a partner one year, and then again conducted it himself. He now has a large establishment, handles a fine line of goods, does a good business, and during the busy season employs about a dozen men. From 1907 to 1909, Mr. Fisk served as a member of the city council. He votes the Republican ticket, attends the Swedish Mission church and belongs to the Scandinavian Benevolent Society. October 18, 1899, Mr. Fisk was married to Christine Peterson, daughter of Andrew Peterson, a wagon maker, who died in Sweden as the result of an accident. The mother still lives in Sweden. Mr. and Mrs. Fisk live at 537 East Seventh street, Red Wing. Andrew J. Frenn, carpenter and general contractor, of Red Wing was born in Sweden, September 8, 1845, son of Lars and Stena Frenn, who came to America in 1852. Like several other Scandinavian families, who located in Goodhue county, they lived first for a time at St. Charles, Kane county. Illinois. Later the family went to Wayne, DuPage county, in the same state, where the father bought thirty-three acres and carried on farm- ing and stone laying, also working some at his trade as plasterer. 740 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY In 1862 he sold his farm to Daniel Dunham, and in 1864 came to Minnesota in true pioneer style, making the trip with his family in a wagon. He purchased 160 acres in Featherstone township, and to this added twenty acres of timber land. Here he carried on farming of a general nature until 1868 when he sold his land to his sons, John and Andrew, who continued to carry on farming on the home place until 1870, when John pur- chased Andrew’s interest. John still owns and works the old homestead. In 1868, the father purchased a farm known as “Popular Grove,” consisting of 224 acres, which he worked until his death, November 9, 1880. The mother died in 1874. Charles, a brother of John and Andrew, now carries on this farm. Andrew J. received his boyhood training in the schools of Wayne, 111., and there worked on his father’s farm until coming with the rest of the family to Goodhue county. He continued farming in Featherstone township until 1872, when he came to- Red Wing, living first on Sixth street for two years and later purchasing a home at 518 Bush street where he still resides. From 1873 to 1875 he worked at the carpenter trade, and in the latter year entered the employ of the grocery store of Seebach Brothers as a clerk. In 1879 he resumed farming on the homestead farm, remaining there until 1889 when he came back to Red Wing, since which time he has been engaged in the carpenter and building business. Mr. Frenn is a Repub- lican in politics, has been city treasurer two terms, 1904-1908, has served on the board of registration and has done jury duty in a number of important cases. Mr. Frenn was married, November 18, 1866, to Emma Sophia Johnson, who came from Sweden to America on June 29, 1864, and took up her residence in DuPage county, Illinois. To this union have been born seven children — Julia S., born April 28, 1868, is the wife of John August Nelson, of 453 Thirteenth street, Red Wing; Josel Edwin was born February 24, 1871; William T., -, born June 12, 1873, lives in California; Marie Emelia was born De.- cember 16, 1875: ITuldah E., born October 15. 1879, is the wife of Joseph Wagner, of 745 McSorley street, Red Wing; Emma H. was born January 31, 1883, and Andrew Sidney, February 4, 1885. The family worships at the Swedish Lutheran Church. Charles O. Forssell, Red Wing’s able and genial assistant postmaster, is a native of Sweden, born June 12, 1862, second son of John and Johanna (Petersdotter) Forssell, the former of whom was a Swedish land owner. The parents came to America in 1868, and located at Red Wing, where after a long life of devotion to husband and family, the mother died February 14, 1904. The father still makes his home 'in this city, enjoying an honored old age. Brought to America as a youth of six HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 741 years, Charles 0. received his early education in the Red Wing public schools. At the age of fifteen he went to' work, and the following years worked in the flour mills and on a farm. In 1881 he became postal clerk in the Red Wing postpoffice, hold- ing this position until 1891. In that year he was appointed to the assistant postmastership under Postmaster Fred Seebach, a position he still retains, giving satisfaction to his superiors in the service as well as to the public whom he serves. Interested in the industrial growth of the city he has joined the Red Wing Commercial Club. He is a Republican in politics and "belongs to the Swedish Lutheran Church. Mr. Forssell is not married. The brothers and sisters in the family numbered eight. All the living are respected and honored in the communities where they have taken up their residence. Ida M., born in Sweden, February 13, 1858, lives at home, and keeps house for her father and brother; Axel, born in Sweden, April 1, 1860, died October 18, 1872; Charles O. is the subject of this sketch. Claus F., born in Sweden, September 5, 1864, is now located at St. Paul with Noyes Bros. & Cutler ; Hilma, born in Sweden September 29, 1867, died June 28, 1868; John A., born in Red Wing September 30, 1869, is now with the Schubach Millinery Company, of St. Paul ; Frank H., born at Red Wing, November 25, 1872, is prin- cipal of the Monroe School in Minneapolis ; Hilda, born in Red Wing, September 16, 1876, died July 7, 1908. Gustaf Edwin Freeman, is a native born son of this county, whose abilities have been recognized by his fellow citizens to the extent that they have retained him in public office for the past four years and have just reelected him to another term. Born in Red Wing, September 11, 1872, he attended public schools and at an early age decided to try his own fortunes as a worker. He learned the business of stoneware making, and followed this trade for nearly eighteen years in the same employ, an unusual record for a young man of this generation. His faithfulness and ability in this capacity attracted the attention of his fellow citizens and in 1904 they persuaded him to run for the office of Register of Deeds, to which office he was elected by a large majority. He took office in January, 1905, and his present term does not expire until January 1, 1911. Mr. Freeman is a Re- publican in politics and belongs to the I. O. O. F., the M. W. of A. and the Scandinavian Benevolent Society. He own a pleas- ant home at 803 East Seventh street in this city. Gustaf E. Freeman was married July 6, 1899, to Anna M. Youngquist, daughter of Carl and Christine (Dahlberg) Youngquist, natives of Sweden, who emigrated to America in 1866, and in 1870 be- came residents of Red Wing. The father died April 22, 1903, and the mother makes her home in this city. To Mr. and Mrs. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Freeman have been born two sons — Norman Everett, September 7, 1902, and Horace Benjamin, March 18, 1908. Nels, father of Gustaf E. Freeman came to America from Sweden in 1853 and lived in Chicago, 111., six years, and in Centralia, Wis., two years. In 1861 he came to Red Wing, Avorked as laborer and later fol- loAved truck gardening. He now lives a retired life. His wife, whose maiden name Avas Betsy Johnson, is a native of Norway. She emigrated to America in 1860, and in 1867 became a resident of Red Wing. Christian J. Bender, one of Red Wing’s solid and substantial business men, is a native of this city, born August 25, 1870, son of the ReA^. Christian Bender. Christian J. received his educa- tion in the public schools of Red Wing, and then took the com- plete four years’ academic course at Dr. Martin’s Lutheran Col- lege at NeAv Ulm, Minn. In 1893, after deciding to be a pharmacist, he went to Chicago, and there diligently pursued studies for tAvo years in the College of Pharmacy. Subsequently he worked at the drug business live years, thoroughly perfecting himself in the art of medical and pharmaceutical compounding. In 1900 he returned to Red Wing and purchased the business of W. A. Hare at the corner of Third and Bush streets, Avhere for so many years the old postoffice was located. His brother, Adolph, is associated with him in business and together they have built up a large trade and patronage. They handle all the usual lines customary in such a store, but make a specialty of compounding prescriptions. They also manufacture several proprietary arti- cles for toilet purposes. Mr. Bender is in politics an inde- pendent Republican. He is a member of his father’s church, the St. John’s German Lutheran, of this city. Harrison P. Rich, one of the youngest business men of Red Wing, has formulated plans which it is expected will develop into one of the county’s most important industries. He Avas born in this city, February 5, 1884, son of John H. Rich. As a boy he attended the public schools of Red Wing, and later took a tAvo years’ preparatory course at the Mt. Pleasant Military Acad- emy, Mt. Pleasant, N. Y. In 1903 lie entered Yale College at New Haven, Conn., graduating in 1907. After graduating he took a short trip abroad, and then returned to Red Wing and became interested in a new enterprise, the Forest Products Company. This undertaking, which in many of its features constituted a neA\r departure in the lumbering industry, is spoken of elsewhere in this volume. Mr. Rich is the general manager, and is hoav busily engaged in laying the sure foundations of a prosperous future. Henry Brown, deceased, for many years a hardAvare mer- chant in Red Wing, Avas born in the north of Ireland, and at the HISTORY OP GOODHUE COUNTY 743 tender age of nine years was brought to this country by his parents. After a short stay at Newburg, N. Y., the family lo- cated near Argyle, AYis., where they preempted a farm. The father and brothers built a log cabin, broke and improved the land, and there lived for a long period. Henry Brown lived in Winona about five years, and in the early sixties came to Red Wing and entered the hardware store of W. P. Brown and Charles Beteher. In the course of time, AY. P. Brown retired from the company, and Henry Brown, the subject of this sketch, who by industry and frugality had saved a considerable sum of money, was admitted to the firm, during the seventies. For thirty-four years Mr. Brown worked in the store, becoming one of the well-known business men of the city. The store was afterward sold, and Air. Brown retired. He died at Red Wing, September 7, 1894. He. was a Republican in polities and be- longed to the Afasons. Henry Brown was married in December, 1871, to Lizzie Elder, daughter of John H. Elder. To this union were born four children — Fred L., born at Red Wing, lives in Winnipeg, Canada; Harry M., who married Gertrude Lindner, at Red Wing, is treasurer of the Shedd Wright Alanufacturing Company at Minneapolis; Bessie IT., who lives in Red AYing, is a graduate of Carlton College at Northfield, Alinn. The young- est, Leland P., died at the age of five years. The family re- ligion is that of the Presbyterian Church. Thomas J. Bryan, deceased, was for many years a familiar figure in and about Red AYing and Burnside township, where he was a well-known farmer. A native of County Cork, Ireland. He was born November 27, 1831, and for a time tilled the soil in Ireland as his parents had done before him. In 1850, or soon after, he became stirred with an ambition for a wider oppor- tunity than was afforded in his native land, and consequently resolved to try his fortunes in America where so many of his countrymen were winning wealth and fame and honor. His first location was at Erie, Penn., and there he heard of the rich prairies and valleys of southern Alinnesota, just opened to set- tlement. In 1857 he came to this county and purchased a farm at Burnside, where he spent the remainder of his days. His efforts were crowned with success, and at the time of his death he owned in all three farms, containing a total of 510 acres. In addition to this he owned sixty-five acres of timber land, all in Goodhue county. This property is now held by Airs. Bryan, Thomas J. having pased away April 29, 1905. Air. Bryan was a staunch Republican, and affiliated with the Episcopal Church. He was also a member of A. E. AYelch Post, N T o. 75, G. A. R., having served in the union army from March 15 to July 15, 1865, as sergeant. Air. Bryan was married first to Alargaret Gleason 744 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY at Erie, Penn. By this union there were three children — J. S. was born August 3, 1858, married Anetta Anderson, January 20, 1885, and now serves in the United States commissary depart- ment at Oakland, Cal. Harriett M. was born October 16, 1860, and married Benjamin Boothroyd, who has charge of the United States express office at Aberdeen, S. D. Alfred C. was born April 28, 1863, married Emma Crandall and is now proprietor of the Cannon Dale stock farm at Burnside. Mrs. Margaret Gleason Bryan died March 28, 1869. Later Mr. Bryan wooed and won Sarah J. Campbell, to whom he was married at Faribault, Minn., June 21, 1877. She was born November 28, 1845, in Canada, daughter of John and Sarah (Brown) Campbell, Canadians of Scotch descent, who came to the United States in 1851, locating first at Lamoille, 111. The father soon afterward went south and died of cholera the same year. Mrs. Bryan graduated from the Faribault High School, and then took up teaching, which she followed with great success for fifteen years, many well-known men of the county having passed under her tuition. She was also clerk of district No. 4, of Burnside, twenty-five years. To Mr. Bryan and Mrs. Sarah J. Campbell Bryan were born two children — Edward C., born June 10, 1880, is a real estate dealer and auctioneer at Red Wing; Edith L., born June 10, 1884, is, like her mother, a successful school teacher. Charles E. Beckmark, secretary and treasurer, and also general manager of the Beckmark Shoe Company, which con- ducts one of the large business establishments of Red Wing at the corner of Third and Bush streets, has been actively interested in business since early youth. He was born in this city, January 8, 1869, a son of Conrad and Charlotte (Swanson) Beckmark, both natives of Sweden, in which country they were married. They came to American one year before Charles E. was born, and located at once in Red Wing, where the father was em- ployed at various occupations. For some time he was fireman at the old Bluff mill, and for three years served on the city police force. He is now deceased, and his wife makes her home in Red Wing. Charles E. received his educational training in the schools of Red Wing, and as a boy worked on a news stand in this city. Later he was employed by Willard and Willard in a sta- tionary store, after which he became interested in footwear, to the sale of which he has since devoted his attention. He clerked eight years for Charles Beckman, and for two years in the Boston Clothing House. Following this, he was success- fully engaged eight years as traveling salesman for the North Star Shoe Company, broadening his knowledge of the world and increasing his familiarity with the shoe trade in all its aspects. From March 1, 1904, to July 1, 1905, he was a member of the firm HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY '45 of Holm & Beckmark, and on April 1, 1907, when the Beckmark Shoe Company was formed, he took entire charge, having since that date built up a successful trade, enjoying a large patronage. For nine years Mr. Beckmark was a member of Company G, serv- ing as commissary sergeant. Fie has seen public life as a member of the school board. He is a member of the Commercial Club and of several fraternal organizations ; independent in politics and an Episcopalian in religion. On January 3, 1893, Charles E. Beckmark was married to Caroline Hawkins, of this city, daughter of G. W. and Mary Hawkins, of whom a sketch ap- pears in this work. This union has been blessed with two daughters — Phyliss G., born July 6. 1897, and Margaret L., born April 17, 1906. Heman M. Bird, dealer in general sporting goods at 304 Main street, Red Wing, has done much to further the athletic interests of Red Wing. and vicinity, and is an active patron of all out-door sports. He was born at Hampton Mills, this state, March 28, 1867, son of Almond and Julia (Ambler) Bird, the former of Scotch-Irish and the latter of German-Scotch descent. The par- ents, who were natives of Michigan, came to Minnesota in the early days and located first in Winona county, where the father followed his trade as blacksmith, carpenter and millwright. Later he went to the Indian Territory where he died. The mother died in Elgin, Olmstead county, this state. Ileman M. received his early educational training in the public schools of his neighborhood, and finished with a course at D. D. Darling’s Business College at Rochester, Minn, lie learned the trade of barber and at this worked for several years in St. Paul. Later he went South, worked at various labor, and in 1893 returned to St. Paul and learned the maehinst trade. After six years’ employment in this capacity, he came to Red Wing, September 15, 1899, and started in business for himself. He handles and repairs bicycles and motor cycles, and deals in fishing tackle, guns, baseball goods, talking machines and other sporting equip- - ment. Mr. Bird is a Republican in politics and belongs to the Red Men and Equitable Fraternal Union lodges. The English Lutheran Church embodies the family religious belief. He was married April 9, 1898 to Evaline Peterson, of this city, daughter of Gustaf and Dena Peterson, natives of Sweden, who came to Red AYing and here ended their days. To Mr. and Mrs. Bird have been born three children — Burney B., Richard M. and Alice E. Gustave C. Beckmark, second miller at the La Grange Mills, Red Wing, was born in Sweden, May 10, 1863, a son of Conrad and Johanna (Swanson) Beckmark, also natives of that country. The father was a machinist and engineer, an occupation he fol- 46 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY lowed for many years in the old country. He came to America in 1868 and located in Red Wing, entering the employ of D. C. Hill as engineer. After a few years he started work as engi- neer for the old Bluff Mill. In addition to this he was a patrol- man on the police force and a member of the volunteer fire de- partment. In the latter capacity he assisted in the brave efforts to save the Bluff Mill from total destruction by fire in 1883, and in thus assisting, he received injuries which shortly afterward, in the early spring of 1883, resulted in his death. His widow still survives and makes her home in Red AVing. Having been brought to Red Wing at an early age, Gustave attended the city schools, and then worked in the office of A. Danielson, who at that time conducted an extensive lime and cement business. In 1881 he Avas engaged with the old Bluff Mill as miller. After the destruction of this mill by fire in 1883 he entered the employ of the La Grange Mills and a few years later was given his present position. Mr. Beckmark has served five years in the state militia and belongs to the Foresters, the Fraternal Insurance and the Samaritans. He was married February 15, 1894, to Edna E. Martin, daughter of John B. and Della (Hasting) Martin, the former a one-time Red AAung miller, now a land agent in Okla- homa. The latter is deceased. To Mr. and Mrs. Beckmark there has been born one daughter — Frances Irine, November 4, 1894, who is now a pupil in the Red AYing high school. William Boothroyd, one of the first settlers of Welch, and for many years one of its leading citizens, now living retired at 1209 Twelfth street, Red Wing, is a native of Pollington, Yorkshire, England, born July 16, 1833. His parents, Michael and Nancy Boothroyd, came from England to Canada in 1853 and there ended their days, their residence being near Thamesville, in that Dominion. William attened the schools of England and started work on a farm. This occupation he continued until May 10, 1855, when he came to Red Wing. For some time he was occupied with draying. He purchased a team of his own and engaged in the teaming and quarrying business. To him, and a man named Miller, who assisted him, belongs the honor of having furnished the stone for the county court house and also for the first Methodist church. In 1857 he went to Feather- stone township and farmed until 1862, 'when he went to AYelela, purchased 280 acres, carried on farming, and became one of the most substantial citizens of that township. He served as justice of the peace fifteen years, as moderator for a long period, and as town treasurer, member of the school board and school director. When the Grange Avas enjoying the height of its popularity he went through all the offices of the branch of that society in Welch township. He also belongs to the I. 0. 0. F. and votes HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY the Republican ticket. In 1894, Mr. Boothroyd and his son, Frank, worked the home farm on shares, and later this son purchased the place. Mr. Boothroyd then moved to Red Wing and took up his residence at 1209 Twelfth street, where he still resides. On the day following Christmas, in 1903, the home was destroyed, from unknown causes, by fire, but Mr. Bootrhoyd, nothing daunted, built a larger and more commodious place in the spring of the following year. Mr. Boothroyd was married June 15, 1858, at Lake City, Minn., to Mary Beavers, daughter of Benjamin and Jane Beavers, natives of England, who came to America and located in Illinois, where Mary was born. May 10, 1855, they came to Red Wing, and here the father and mother both died. The home of the Boothroyds has been blessed with six children — Carrie Jane, Chrles William, Benjamin B., Albert Ross, Frank and Grant. Charles was killed November 3, 1879, in a runaway, while on his way to mill with a load of grain. Benjamin B. and Albert R. are married and live in Aberdeen, S. D. Frank is married and lives on the old home- stead in Welch township. Grant died in early childhood. The family faith is that of the Methodist Church. Charles Philip Belin, the genial toll collector at the entrance of the high bridge across the Missisippi, is a familiar figure alike to Red Wing people and to strangers who in taking in the sights of the city invariably walk across the beautiful bridge. He was born in. Sweden, April 17, 1845, son of Andrew E. and Annie (Olson) Belin, both natives of that country. The father, a coppersmith by trade, brought his family to Goodhue county, October 22, 1857, and after living for a time in Red Wing, took up farming in the township of Yasa, where he purchased 160 acres of land, engaging in general farming until his death, Sep- tember 24, 1863. The mother sold the farm and came to Red Wing, where she lived until her death. March 15, 1897. Charles P. received his education in the public and private schools of Sweden and America, and worked on the farm with his father until February 11, 1865, when he enlisted in Company I, First Minnesota Heavy Artillery, serving under Captain Thomas Car- ney and Colonel William Colvill until mustered out in October of the same year. About this time he entered the employ of AY. L. AYebster, the liveryman, for whom he was foreman fifteen years. Later he accepted a similar position with Ed Johnson, and remained in this employ until 1893, when he was appointed on the police force. He proved an efficient officer and many times served as acting chief. June 11, 1907, he was given his present position, receiving at the same time an appointment as special police for the Red AYing and Trenton Transit Company. Mr. Belin is a Republican and a member of the Foresters, the 748 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY G. A. R. and the Scandinavian Relief Association. He was mar- ried July 5, 1877, at Red Wing, to Emma Christina Johnson, daughter of Andrew Johnson, a stone worker, who died in De- cember, 1905. Mrs. Belin’s mother now makes her home with uhe Bclin family at 613 Potter street. Two children haw blessed the home — Selma C., born July 28, 1878, married Amil Swanson, a farmer of Welch township, this county; Norman Leroy, born February 4, 1898, is attending the public schools The Swedish Lutheran Church embraces the family religion. Arland H. Allen, undertaker, is one of Red Wing’s estimable and solid citizens, well fitted by nature and training for the position he occupies in the community. He was born in Norway, September 26, 1846, and was brught to America as an infant. His parents, Hans and Barbara E. (Stenseth) Allen, left the old country in 1847, and started for America in a sailing vessel. A terrible storm arose soon after their departure, and for nine- teen weeks the frail bark was tossed about, almost at the mercy of the storm. It weathered the raging elements, however, and after nearly five months the landing in this country was safely accomplished. The family located first at Jefferson Prairie, Wis., and there the father followed the trades of carpenter and stone mason, also doing some farming. Like so many thousand others he followed the great rush to Pikes Peak after gold, but the rigors of gold-seeking life proved too great a strain for his con- stitution and he died there in August, 1859. His wife then moved her family to Decorah, Iowa, in 1860, and remained there several years, afterward going to Albert Lea, Minn., where she passed away in February, 1904. Arland, having as an infant survived those long months of that terrible sea-voyage, grew to robust boyhood at Jefferson Prairie, Wis., and attended the pub- lic schools of that state. He was also a pupil in the Adams High School of Decorah, Iowa.. Later he took a course in the Roches- ter, N. Y., Medical Institute, receiving his diploma. In 1872 he came to Red Wing, and for several years was secretary for the Red Wing Furniture Company. He afterward embarked in the undertaking business in which he has since continued. Mr. Allen is a Republican in politics, and for three terms served as county coroner. For some time he served as a member of Company G in the state militia. The family faith is that of the Norwegian Lutheran Church. Arland H. Allen was married at Frontenac, Minn., October 21, 1896, to Anna S. Johnson, of Red Wing, daughter of Edward and Christina (Dosen) Johnson, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1866. They located first at St, Paul, Minn., and there their daughter, Anna S., was born. From St. Paul they went to White Hall, Wis., then to St. Peter, Minn., then to Red Wing, where the father was engineer at the J. W. Chandler HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 749 Lutheran Ladies Seminary. Later thy lived at Frontenac for one year, then returned to St. Peter, and subsequently went to Kasota, Minn., where the father now lives. The mother died at that place, August 20, 1905. To Mr. and Mrs. Allen have been born five children— Barbara C., Thelma -J., Arland IT. (deceased) Edward M. and Arland H. John W. Chandler, for two decades a prominent figure about the capitol at Washington, was a native of Jamestown, N. Y., where his family name is one of much honor and dignity. His father, W. W. Chandler, (married to Phoebe Windsor) was the owner of a large plantation in Virginia, from whence he went to Jamesstown in the late twenties. There John W. was horn, August 18, 1834. The father engaged in the manufacture of woolen goods on an extensive scale, and took an active interest in municipal affairs, Chandler street, which is one of the leading thoroughfares of Jamestown, being cut through land donated by him to the city. During his boyhood, John W. attended the public schools of Jamestown, N. Y., and as a young man, made his first business venture in the hardware business. His suc- cess warranted his desiring to start the same business on a larger scale in a newer country, and in the early sixties he came to the Northwest, engaging in the sale of hardware at Pine Island, this county. About 1867 he received an appointment as doorkeeper in the capitol at Washington. In that city he re- mained twenty years, serving in various public positions, and meeting all the great political characters of note during that period. In 1887 he came to Red Wing, and lived a retired life until his death, April 30, 1903. During this period he took an active interest in public affairs, and his advice on many im- portant matters was eagerly sought by his friends. Mr. Chandler was married at Jamestown, N. Y., to Grace Hatch, who died in 1872, leaving one son, Martin, S., now engaged as editor of the law departemnt of the West Publishing Company, at St. Paid. In 1885 there came to this country, Margaret N. Nelson, daughter of AY. A. and Elsie (Paulson) Nelson, born at Chris- tianstad, Sweden, the father being a well-to-do manufacturer of that city. She entered the home of the Chandlers as a nurse, and the friendship and esteem between this lady and John W. Chandler ripened into love and marriage, the ceremony being performed September 30, 1893. Mrs. Chandler is one of a family of five children, all of whom have attained prominence in their respective communities. Otto Nelson is district railroad manager at Christianstad, Sweden ; Ander is manager of a chemical es- tablishment at ITelsingborg, Sweden; Nels W. is a successful real estate agent in California, and Nanny is married to Nels 750 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY E. Olson, a well-known Swedish architect. Mrs. Chandler is much interested in both church and charitable work. George Cook is the man to whom belongs the real credit for starting the sewer pipe industry in Red AYing. While employed as superintendent in the stoneware works he at one period oc- cupied his spare time in an experiment which resulted in the making of a two-socket sewer pipe which was placed on exhibi- tion in the window of the Pierce, Simons & Company bank. This pipe was six inches in diameter and was cast from three sacks of waste clay,, the moulds being made of plaster paris by Mr. Cook, and the burning being done in the kilns at the pottery works. In three weeks a company was started which is now one of the leading industries of the Northwest. A complete history of the concern will be found in the story of industries of Red Wing, appearing in this volume. George Cook was born in Akron, Ohio, January 19, 1852, son of Lewis and Catherine (Prior) Cook, both natives of Germany. The father, a cooper by trade, came to America in 1839 and located in Akron, Ohio, built a house and remained over sixty years until his death, August 25, 1902. His wife died in 1888 at the age of 65 years. George received his education in the Ohio public schools, and took up work with his father, learning the cooper trade. He then started in the pottery business, an occupation which has since engaged his attention. His first employment in the business was with Hart & Ruckel, in his native town, and subsequently he worked eight yars in the turning department of the Whitmore & Robertson Company, of the same place. After working in Nebraska and several other states, he came to Red Wing, May 25, 1879. and at once entered the employ of the Red Wing Stone- ware Company, as superintendent, a position he has filled Avith marked ability for some thirty years. When the stoneware com- panies were incorporated, Mr. Cook became the superintendent of all the factories under the OAvnership of the concern. In 1891-92 he Avas honored with a seat in the city council. In poli- tics he is a Democrat. Mr. Cook has been closely identified with the life of the Odd Pel I o ays and the Woodmen, and in the former order has occupied all the official chairs. He was married Sep- tember 26. 1881, to Thresa Hartman, of this city, daughter, of Frank and Thresa (Ammon) Hartman, the former of Avliom Avas a blacksmith by trade. To Mr. and Mrs. Cook there have been born three sons — George A., born June 15, 1882, is an assistant superintendent at the stoneware works under his father; Harry C., born June 18, 1885, is a student in the State University; Burt, born February 15, 1892, is taking a course in the Red AYing Business College. The family faith is that of the Episcopal Church. The residence is at 1304 Fourth street, Reel AYing. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 51 Alfred Carlson, retired hardware merchant living at 1020 East avenue, Red Wing, was born in Sweden, March 28, 1845, son of Gustaf and Louise (Johnson) Carlson, who brought their family to America August 6, 1854, and after stopping a brief time at Red Wing, went to Yasa, being among the earliest settlers of that township. The father preempted 160 acres and carried on general farming for many years. lie then retired from farm- ing and removed to Red AYing, where he met with a violent death, February 16, 1880, as the result of an accident while chopping doAvn a tree. The base of the tree hit him in such a manner as to cause almost instant death. His widow died at Red Wing, March 1, 1906. One of the sons, Aaron, now con- ducts the old homestead in Featherstone township. Alfred at- tended school and worked on the farm until attaining his ma- jority, at which time the father presented him and his brother, Frank, with 160 acres jointly, as a reward for their faithful in- dustry. Here, Alfred carried on general farming until 1877, when he rented the farm out and came to Red Wing, where he entered the employ of Nelson Peterson, hardware merchant as a clerk. In this capacity he remained until 1885 when he pur- chased a store at Hector, Renville county, Minn., and carried on a general hardware business of his own until 1890, when he sold out his business and retired. One year later he built the beauti- ful residence which is now his home. Mr. Carlson is a Republican in politics. He was married June 28, 1867, to Engre Nelson, daugh- ter of Ole and Anna Nelson, well-known farmers of Vasa. They came from Sweden to America in 1856 and located for a time at Chisago county, Minn., iater moving to Vasa in 1862, where upon 160 acres they carried on general farming until the death of the father. The mother died at Red Wing, January 16, 1901, at the home of Mrs. Carlson. The family faith of the Carlsons is that of the Swedish Lutheran Church. Frank A. Carlson, Red Wing, was born in Sweden, August 12, 1843, and came to this county with the rest of the family as a boy. Brought up on the farm, educated in the public schools, he in 1876 entered the grocery business until 1882. From that year until 1887 he served as county sheriff and from 1887 to 1891 as assistant postmaster at Red Wing. In 1892 he was appointed on the police force of Red Wing and served two years. From 1894 to 1906 he was in the retail liquor business and then re- tired. He was married May 9, 1866, to Siguilcl Turner, also a native of Sweden. To this union were born five children — - ■Rosa, Albert B., Minnie, Anna and Elmer C. The family at- tends the Episcopal Church . Julius Carlson, of Red Wing, woodworker at the Red Wing Boat Manufacturing Company, was born in Sweden, December HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 26, 1845, son of Charles Olson and Anna M. Corestenson, natives of the same country. He received his education in the schools of his neighborhood, and when twenty-one years old, rented a place and carried on general farming. Desiring to see something of the world he enlisted as a sailor on a coal and lumber boat, and visited France, England, Denmark, Norway and the northern part of Sweden. While on this voyage he heard much of the opportunities offered in America, and accordingly determined to seek his fortune in this country. His first location was in Milwaukee, and after working on the railroad there a few weeks, he came to Red Wing and did general work until 1873, when he entered the employ of the Kappel Brothers. With this concern he remained twenty-two years, achieving an honorable record as a faithful workman. In 1895 lie entered business for himself with Andrew Newstrom, but two years later went to work for William Remschart, the blacksmith and wagon maker. Subse- quently, in 1900, he went to Grant county and purchased 250 acres of land, then, after three years, sold out and returned to Red Wing. The first year of his return was spent as a work- man for Charles Erickson, after which he entered his present employ. Mr. Carlson votes the Republican ticket and belongs to the Scandinavian Relief and the Scandinavian Benefit Asso- ciations. He was married in 1870 to Anna Tholia, by whom he has seven children. The three oldest, Carl Magnus, Carl Oscar and Johan August, are deceased. Hans Edward is a Minneapolis contractor; John Adolph, William Linus and Charles Fredrick all farm in North Dakota. The mother of these children died in October; 1891, and Mr, Carlson was ag’ain married in April, 1893, t-o Hedda Carlson, daughter of Carl and Anna (Stinna) ' Anderson, both natives of Sweden. The family faith is that of the Swedish Lutheran Church. Charles Olson, father of Julius Carlson, owned a farm in the old country, and carried on farm- ing in connection with being a painter and carpenter. He died in 1846 and his wife, who afterward became Mrs. Hanson, lived until 1865. Julius Carlson, the oldest son, is the subject of this sketch. Amelia married Gustaf Hanson, now of Grant county, Minn. ; Christine Hanson died in Sweden ; Carl Edward Hanson lives in California ; Matilda married Andrew Haglund, now de- ceased; Hans A. Hanson lives in Grant county, Minn; John Ililmer Hanson lives in the same county; Oliva Anna is the wife of Alfred Anderson and lives in Otter Tail coixnty Minn. John Cebulski, fashionable tailor at 309 Bush street, Red AVing, is a native of Austria, born December 14, 1868, son of- Andrew and Sophia (Frodyma) Cebulski, both of whom were also Austrians by birth. The father was a hero of two wars. He served in Galicia (a kingdom in the Austro-Hungarian Mon- HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 753 archy) during the outbreak against the Lords in 1843, and twenty years later in the Polish war of 1863. Seeking wider op- portunities for advancement than were allowed in the old country, he came to America in 1876, and located at Lancaster, Penn., where he engaged in the cooperage business. In 1881 he went to Buffalo, N. Y., and engaged in the same business until his death, September 8, 1906. His wife died in May, 1903. John attended the schools of his neighborhood and finished with a course in the Catholic Seminary at Vienna, in his native country, and made his home with his aunt. He came to America for visits in 1882-83-84-85, and traveled in nearly all parts of the United States. In 1885 he located at Pittsfield, Mass., and there learned the tailor’s trade. Two years later he went to Wor- cester, Mass., but in 1888 again returned to Pittsfield. Shortly afterward he came westward to Chicago, followed his trade there until 1891, when he went to Janesville, Wis., for a year. After five and an half years at Edgerton, Wis., he went to New York, and for three months studied tailoring in the New York Cutting School. Thus equipped, he opened an establishment of his own at Spring Green, Wis., where he had a successful busi- ness until 1899, when he came to Eed Wing, and opened the place where he is now located. He has the largest establishment of the kind in Eed Wing, and numbers the best people of the city among his patrons. In addition to his Eed Wing place of business, he conducts a branch at Eochester, Minn. Mr. Cebulski is a great believer in education, and has assisted in a financial way, a number of deserving young men desiring to go through college. He is unmarried. His sister, Annie, is married to Albei’t Niemiec, of East Chicago, 111. One of his brothers, Joe, was killed in the Turkish war, while two others, Albert and Michael live in the east. John Compton, general manager of the Ballard Trumble Lumber Company, at Eed Wing, has shown much executive ability in the various positions in which he has been engaged. He was born in Sweden, October 18, 1858, son of John Magnuson and Mary E. Larson, both natives of that country. The father, a general merchant and hotel proprietor, is still living. The mother Hied in December, 1897. While a school boy in Sweden, John managed to pick up many of the details of his father’s business, and this, together with one years’ schooling in Eed Wing, to which city he came in 1881, fitted him for a business career. His first employment was in the hardware store of Charles Betcher, where he worked two years. In 1884 he went to Minneapolis for Mr. Betcher, working in his store there five years. His work in this capacity won the confidence of his em- ployer, and in 1889 he was given charge of Mr. Betcher ’s lumber 754 HISTORY OP GOODHUE COUNTY yard and store at Wheaton, Minn. Here, he remained eleven years. During this time he became a prominent citizen of Wheaton, serving as a member of the village board as school treasurer and as a member of the village council. Prom 1900, when he returned to Red AVing, until 1903, he was employed as bookkeeper in the office of Charles A. Betclier, afterward taking charge of the retail department of that company until 1906. During that year this department was sold to the Ballard Trumble Lumber Company, at which time Mr. Compton be- came associated with the latter company as general manager, a position he has since retained. He is an independent voter and belongs to the Swedish Mission Church. Mr. Compton on De- cember 17, 1884, was married at Red AVing to Augusta Ander- son. Her father died in Sweden and her mother now makes her home with the Compton family. To Mr. and Mrs. Compton have been born three children — Miriam, June 23, 1894; Ruth, December 27, 1896, and Elmer, June 23, 1899. Charles S. Dana, clerk of the district court of Goodhue county, is descended from eastern parentage, his father, Charles, being a native of Vermont, and the mother, whose maiden name was Sally Ann Lawrence, of Alleghany county, N. Y. The father was a, prominent and successful merchant of Belvidere, Boone county, 111., and also lived in Roscoe, in that state. In 1856 he came to Goodhue county and settled in Roscoe township, being one of the earliest setle'rs of that place. To him belongs the honor of naming Roscoe, the name being that of his former residence in Illinois. He homsteaded 160 acres, and in the short time he lived became a prominent pioneer citizen. He died in 1859. Llis widow survived until 1904, when she lived in the state of Washington. Charles S. was born in Belvidere, Boone county, 111., September 25, 1851, and was brought to this county by his parents when a young boy. He attended the common schools in Roscoe township, and then took a commercial course in the Bryant and Stratton College at St. Paul. For a time he clerked in Roscoe township, and then taught school in this county from 1874 to 1880. The following year he came to Red AVing as bookkeeper for the Red AVing Iron AVorks. During the suc- ceeding six years his acquaintance with Red AVing people in- creased and on January 1. 1887, he started his public office hold- ing as deputy county auditor. In 1906 he was elected to his present position, in which he has served with much credit. In politics, Air. Dana is a Republican, and he belongs to both the Odd Fellows and the Royal Arcanum. Charles S. Dana was married in October, 1883, to Lida Pilcher, of Belvidere, 111., daughter of John and Frances Pilcher, natives of England, who after living for a time in Ohio moved to Belvidere, 111., where HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 755 they lived many years. Both parents are uoav deceased, the mother having died in 1886, and the father in February, 1909, at Pierce, Neb. To Mr. and Mrs. Dana lias been born one son, Everett C., who first saw the light of play in Re,d Wing, August 17, 1892. The family religion is that of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Arthur D. Danielson, a Red Wing business man who has seen service as a non-commissioned officer in the Phillipines, was born in this city, December 8, 1868, son of Andrew and Ingar (Swan- son) Danielson, natives of Sweden, who sometime after immi- grating to America located at Red Wing, where the father en- gaged in the stone and cement business, doing general contract work along these lines. A larger part of the cement sidewalks in this city owe their construction to his skill. Both parents died in Red Wing. Arthur D. went through the public schools, and took a course in the Reel Wing Seminary, supplementing this education with practical training in Beeman’s Business College. After leaving school he clerked a time for Kempe & Schouweiler. in the grocery business. He then worked in several different stores and finally entered the employ of A. AY. Pratt, in the “Old Book Store,” which handles books, magazines and sta- tionery. While in this employ came the call for volunteers for the Spanish- American Avar, and Mr. Danielson Avent with Com- pany G, first to St. Paul then to San Francisco, thence to Manila, and later into the interior. He Avas first sergeant and was in line for a commission when the regiment Avas mustered out. Ser- geant Danielson experienced all the rigors of hardships of the Philippine campaign, and Avas complimented by his superior officers for his bravery and efficiency. A more complete record of the regiment will be found elseAvhere in this history. In- cluding his Phillipine service, Air. Danielson has seen ten years in the state militia. After his discharge from the United States service, October 3, 1899, he returned to Red Wing, and a short time later purchased from Air. Pratt the store in which he had previously worked. This he has since conducted, enjoying a sat- isfactory and increasing trade, and carrying a large stock. Ar- thur D. Danielson was married in this city to Emma Skoglund, daughter of L. E. Skoglund. To this union have been born tAvo children, Andrew E. and Paul A. In politics Air. Danielson is an independent voter, casting his ballot after thoughtfully consider- ing the issues of each campaign. Joseph H. Drew, a former collector, noAv a rural mail carrier, living at 721 Third street, Red Wing, Avas born in England. Sep- tember 25, 1837. His father, Samuel DreAv (married to Kittie Hingston), Avas a merchant in England, and continued the same business in Quebec, Canada, Avhere he landed in August of 1846 756 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY and remained twelve years. After a residence of some years in Michigan he came to Red Wing and in 1865 purchased 160 acres in the township of Zumbrota, where he farmed for a considerable period of time. .Later he sold his farm and purchased a home in Zumbrota village, where he moved his family. In this home he died in 1882. his widow surviving until the spring of 1890, when she, too, passed to the Great Beyond. Joseph received his edu- cation in the public schools of England and Canada and farmed in the Dominion until 1862. Subsequently he engaged in lumber- ing in Michigan until 1864, when he purchased eighty acres in Red Wing, where he followed farming until 1879. For the eighteen years following lie engaged in the farm implement business with A. P. Merrell, at the corner of Main and Plum streets, enjoying q large trade and prosperous career. In 1897 he retired, but in 1900, desiring out-of-door employment, he ob- tained a position as rural mail carrier, in which capacity he still serves, being noted for his accommodating spirit and rigid ad- herence to duty. - He is an independent voter and belongs to the Odd Fellows. Mr. Drew was married on May day, 1860, to Maria Johnstone, a Canadian by birth, daughter of Thomas and Delia (Taylor) Johnstone, the former born in Yorkshire, England, and the latter in New Brunswick, Canada. The father devoted his life to farming, dying in 1873. The mother died in 1890. Mrs. Drew had three sisters and three brothers, all except one sister being alive. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Drew was gladdened by the birth of four children. Maria D., born February 6, 1861, is the wife of Dr. W. M. Sweney, of this place. James H., born August 15, 1862, resides in Red Wing, Avhere he is a locomo- tive engineer. Catherine E., born February 18, 1865, died Oc- tober 9, 1866. the following year. Bertha May, born May 1, 1868, on the anniversary of her parents’ marriage, is the wife of II enry E. Hindman, also of Red Wing. Andrew M. Dahl, stone mason and contractor, of Red AVing, was born in Sweden, March 8, 1844. His parents, Magnus and Mary (Larson) Dahl, wore farmers in the old country, the father dying in 1889 and the mother in 1894. In the family, aside from Andrew M., were two brothers and one sister, Henry M., Johanus and Marstina, all living in Sweden. In that country Andrew M. received his boyhood education, after which he worked as a farmer. JTpon his arrival in Red AVing he took up the trade of stone mason, which he learned thoroughly. Since that time he has continued in the same occupation, doing all kinds of stone work and contracting. In this he has been succesful. He is a re- spected, law-abiding citizen, well regarded by his friends. For six years he was sexton in the Swedish Lutheran Church, of which the family are members. He also belongs to the Scandinavian HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 7 o7 Benevolent Society. His political belief is that of the Republican party. Mr. Dahl was married at Red Wing, in the fall of 1870, to Elizabeth Peterson, of this city, a native of Sweden, both of whose parents are now deceased. To Mr. and Mrs. Dahl have been born ten children, seven of whom are living. Martin W., born March 28, 1872, died in September, 1873. Emil A., born July 16, 1873, is married and works in a bakery establishment in Minneapolis. Hjalmar M., born September 15, 1875, is mar- ried, and like his father, is a stone mason in Red Wing. Axel H., born December 15, 1877, is married and is employed by the Red Wing Furniture Company. Agnes Elizabeth, born July 15, 1880, is deceased. George H., born July 28, 1879. like his brother Emil, is a baker in St. Paul. Herman W., born May 18, 1882, is dead. Arthur E„ born January 16, 1884, and married, is a stone mason, and lives in Red Wing. Harry W., born April 21. 1887. lives at Minneapolis, and Alvin A., born April 28, 1888, works in a wholesale shoe house in St. Paul. The family residence is at 902 South Park street. Red AVing. Orrin Densmore, Sr., was born in Sullivan county, New Hamp- shire, September 22, 1805, and as a child moved with his father’s family into the then “out west,” settling in the township of Riga. Orleans county, New York. He possessed an unusually studious mind and began teaching at the age of sixteen years. He was soon made a “school inspector, ” an office which in some form came to him in each and every new place of his residence ; in fact, there was little time in all his years when he was not interested in and intimately connected with the advancement of school work. He drew up the Minnesota state school law of 1861, and Avas a clerk in the office of the superintendent of public instruction, Avhen at the age of se\ T enty years a break doAvn in health obliged him to relinquish all labor. He Avas a silversmith by trade, but the unfavorable confinement sent him back to farm life, AA'hich he folloA\ r ecl in NeAV Y'ork and in Wisconsin until the 1855, Avhen he engaged in the lumber business in the city of Janesville, AYis.. coming in May 8, 1857, to Red Wing, to take charge of the Freeborn & Co. sawmill, which the neAV firm of Densmore, McLaren & Co. had purchased. Taa t o years later he Avas elected as judge of probate and subsequently as county treasurer, which office he held tAvo terms. In 1866 he Avas elected city recorder, and Avas made a member of the board of trustees of the State Insane Asylum of St. Peter. He Avas appointed deputy collector of United States revenue for Goodhue county in 1867. In 1869 and again in 1870 he Avas elected to the house of representatives, being chairman of the committee on education during both terms. In taking the census of 1870 he acted as as- sistant marshal for the eastern district of the county. In 1871, 758 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY at the close of his legislative term, he was given the position of clerk in the office of the superintendent of public instruction, as before recorded, undey the late IT. B. Wilson. Judge Densmore’s forte lay in an ever active, independent, and critical mind, a minute and untiring attention to detail, a strong sympathy for the struggling citizen, and an unswerving integrity. Prof. Wil- son feelingly remarked concerning him: “I never knew a man who so thoroughly detested a trickster as did Judge Densmore.” All scientific topics held a great interest for him, and for many years of the early times of the Smithsonian Institute he sent in his regular monthly reports of weather observations. He died June 3, 1872. In 1828 he was married to Elizabeth Fowle, of New York. She was ever his tactful coadjutant, and was an active worker in the social affairs of early Red Wing. The gloomy days of the Civil War saw her serving most effectively with that band of patriotic Red Wing women who maintained gratuitously a soldier's’ rest, where every journeying soldier was sure to find, day or night, a sympathetic welcome and a warm meal. Her death occurred in January, 1891. Peter Joseph Erbar, now living in retireinent at Reel Wing, where he is enjoying a well deserved rest after years of faithful toil, is a native of Prussia, Germany, born March 2, 1828, son of Hubert E. and Marggalena (Ivorp) Erbar, both natives of Germany, the father being a farmer in that country all his life. He was killed by his team of horses, June 28, 1842, and the mother followed him to the grave in the following autumn. Peter Joseph attended the schools of his native kingdom, and like other Ger- man youths of strong physique, served in the standing army of Germany, his period of service being for three years and three months. In 1852 he came to America, and worked a year in New York city as a carpenter. From 1853 to 1856 he worked in Kings county, New York state, and in the latter year came to Olmstead county, Minnesota, where he bought 160 acres and remained until 1858. In the fall of 1859 he first set foot in Red Wing. The following spring he purchased 160 acres in Hay Creek township, and later 160 acres more. This farm was largely wild at that time and he at once set to work breaking and clear- ing the land. lie erected a comfortable home and remained until 1906, when he rented his farm and came to Red Wing, tak- ing up his home with his son, S. M. An independent Democrat in politics, Mr. Erbar served three years a supervisor of the town- ship of Hay Creek and fifteen years as town clerk. July 1, 1863, P. M. Erbar was appointed a, captain of the Tenth Regiment, state militia, by Commander-in-chief Henry A. Swift. He is a good cit- izen, of quiet disposition, and well liked by everybody. Mr. Erbar was married at Red Wing, in September, 1858, to Cath- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 759 erine N. Burns, daughter of John Burns, Town of Root, Kings county, N. Y. She was born December 8, 1827, and died at the old homestead in Hay Creek. July 25, 1905. . Both her parents are deceased. To Mr. and Mrs. Erbar were born six children. Joseph, the oldest, died in 1881. Engelbert is a sign painter in this city. Ida L. is a milliner in St. Paul. Jessie F. married Edward Reit- man, of Lake City, and has two children, Florence and Lucille. Charles C. is a sign painter in Red Wing. For ten years he was town clerk of Hay Creek, succeeding his father. S. M., the youngest son, was educated in the public schools of his neigh- borhood, and then learned the art of sign painting, at which he is an expert. For several years he practiced this art in Winona, owning a large establishment. Several years ago he sold out and came to Red Wing. He still follows his trade, and is also the proprietor of the Idle Hour billiard hall, a venture of which he has made a pronounced success, showing that such an estab- lishment can be made a place of high class recreation. S. M. Erbar was married April 26, 1905, at Winona, Minn., to Elizabeth Nimz,' of that place. The family faith of the Erbars is that of the Episcopal Church. John H. Elder, an influential citizen of the early days in Red Wing, the builder of the first warehouse in this city, and also one of the first steamboat agents at this point, was born in Elders- ville, Pa., and there attended the primitive schools of his time. His active business career was started as a lumberman at Black River Falls, AYis. His integrity and popularity won for him the position of sheriff of Crawford County, an office which in those days required personal strength and moral bravery. Later he became a pioneer merchant at McGregor, la., and in 1854 came to Red Wing, which at that time had little to indicate what in the future it was to become. Here he located and started the ware- house and commission business under the firm name of Elder & Huffman. He also took the agency for the steamboats, which were then the great carriers of commerce up and down the Mississippi. The warehouse erected by Elder & Hoffman is still standing, a testimony to the stability with which buildings were constructed in those clays. The Pike’s Peak rush then drew him like a magnet to the westward. At Council Bluffs he joined one of the original overland parties to the peak. They debated for several days whether or not to take the Smoky Hill route or whether they should take another route. Finally they divided, into two companies, one of the parties taking the Smoky Hill route and the other party the other route. Mr. Elder went with the latter party. Not one of the former was ever heard from again. The strain, however, of mining life, proved too much for Mr. Elder, and he succumbed at Denver, Col., February 29, 1859. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 760 His widow now resides in Red Wing with her daughter, Mrs. Henry Brown. Mr. Elder was a Democrat in politics, a Mason in fraternal associations^ and in religious faith is a Presbyterian. He was married in May, 1850, at Prairie du Chien, Wis., by the Rev. Alfred Bronson, to Hannah P. Lockwood, daughter of John S. and Margaret (Miller) Lockwood, natives of Plattsburg, New York state. They located at Prairie du Chien in 1839, and there the father became a leading merchant, receiving also the appoint- ment as postmaster. Mr. and Mrs. Lockwood are both deceased. To Mr. and Mrs. Elder Avere born four children, Lizzie L., Mar- garet L., Mary S. and John H. Lizzie L. was born February 15, 1852, at McGregor, la., married Henry Brown, a hardware mer- chant at Red Wing. Mr. Brown died September 7, 1897, at Red Wing. To Mr. and Mrs. Brown Avere born four children, Fred L., Harry M., Bessie IL. and Leland P. The latter died in 1892 at the age of five years. Margaret L. Elder was born July 23, 1854, at McGregor, la. She married Albert DeKay, at Red Wing, December 6, 1876. Mr. DeKay is a traveling salesman. To Mr. and Mrs. DeKay have been born four children — -Charles A., Eliza- beth A., IL. Eugenia and Ferris W. Mary S. Elder was born Au- gust 13, 1856, at Red Wing, married Earl B. Woodward, of Morris, Minn., and is now located at Bismarck, N. D. John H. Elder, Jr., was born at Red Wing July 12, 1858. He married Della Knox, of Livingston, Mont., and is now a leading attorney in Seattle, Wash. He has one son, Henry K., a pupil in a college at Grin- nell, la. John G. Kappel, city mail ‘carrier, is a native born son of Red Wing, who has chosen to make his home in this city the whole of his life. He was born October 11, 1869, when the country had begun to recover from the ravage of the Civil War, and Red Wing Avas beginning to show some indications of modern industrial growth. His father, John Kappel, married to Margaret George, a native of New York state, Avas born in Worfelden, Hessen Darmstadt, Germany, and came to America in the early fifties, locating for a time in Wisconsin. He came to Red Wing in 1864, and engaged in the wagon-making business until 1888, when fail- ing health necessitated his retirement from active business. John G. Kappel attended the public school and business college of this city, and started in life as a dry goods clerk. January, 1888, he entered the civil service as city mail carrier in Red Wing, and in this capacity he still remains. He is a member of the Inde- pendent Order of Foresters, Knights of Pythias and Yeomen. Pie is an independent voter. The family attends the German Lutheran Church. J. G. Kappel was married May 30, 1895, at Featherstone, this county, to Anna D. German, daughter of Henry and Rosena German, of that township, natives of Germany. They HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 761 came to America and located first in Indiana, later coming to Featherstone in the early sixties and engaging in general farm- ing. Both parents are now deceased. To Mr. and Mrs. Kappel have been born five children — Florence, born March 12, 1896 ; Ruth, born March 12, 1898; Herbert J., born March 10, 1900 (de- ceased), Harriet, born July 30, 1903, and Sivilli, born April 22, 1907. The family residence is at 723 Central avenue, Red Wing. Mr. Kappel is the oldest of four children. Lillian, born August 11, 1872, died August 11, 1893. Frederick, born March 13, 1875, is a barber residing at Albert Lea, Minn., and is married to Ger- trude Towle, a native of Goodhue county. Emily, born May 6, 1878, is married to S. II. Moody, of Excelsior, Minn., and resides at Minneapolis, Minn. James O. Dow, now deceased, many years a prominent stock dealer, was a native of Gorham, Me., born November 13, 1834, son of Abram and Cornelia (Steel) Dow. He attended the public schools of Portland. Ale., and in that vicinity grew to young manhood, later learning the machinist trade. He made a trip to Chicago in the early days, remained a short time and returned to Portland, Me. In 1855 he came to Red Wing and a year later located at Cannon Falls, as a stock buyer, combining.his business with the lumbering industry. In 1864 he returned to Red Wing and continued to buy stock until his retirement in 1904. Mr. Dow was a Republican in politics and a member of the Knights of Pythias. By his first wife. Angeline Moody, he had one son, Henry J., now in California. After her death Mr. Dow was mar- ried, November 13, 1866, to Marie Hawkins, and to this union were born seven children — Charles E. (deceased), Mrs. Etta F. Wooders, of Red Wing; Mrs. Minnie L. Drew, of Red Wing; Adeline, of Red Wing; George A. (deceased) ; Mrs. Grace J. Wing, of Seattle, and Fannie I., of Red Wing. The family attends the Presbyterian Church. • At the time of Mr. Dow’s death, June 27, 1909, it was written : ‘‘The death of J. O. Dow marks the turn- ing of another leaf in the history of our city, another page finished. The record of one of our oldest and most respected citizens is closed. ‘To live in the hearts we leave behind is not to die,’ and thus in a very marked sense will the name of J. O. Dow be cherished, leaving, as he does, besides a large circle of. friends, a wife whose loving care softened the pains of a long illness, and a family of whom any father might well be proud. Levi Woodbury, a retired hardware merchant, of Zumbrota village, and possesor of considerable real estate. Avas born in* Craftsbury, Orleans county, Vermont, July 9. 1852, son of Lorenzo and Catherine (Glidden) Woodbury, the former a native of Or- ford, N. IT., and the latter of Greensboro, _Vt. The family, con- sisting of the father and mother and free children, Mernetta D., HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 762 Edwin, Viola, Kate and Levi, came west in 1865. Of these Levi is the only one living. After their arrival here they lived for a time at Mazeppa, Minn., and in 1869 came to Zumbrota township, where the father purchased 160 acres of land on section 25, which he broke and improved, and upon which he carried on general farming until 1876. He then moved to Zumbrota, pur- chased a pleasant home, and engaged in the retail implement business, also selling organs, pianos and sewing machines. In 1883 he retired from active life, and continued to reside in the vil- lage until his death, September 10, 1891. Levi received his early schooling in Vermont and at Zumbrota, and spent his summers and spare time farming with his father. At the age of nineteen years he started teaching school on the prairie and continued in this profession three years until entering the implement busi- ness with his father in 1876. In 1883, when this business was sold, he became interested in horses, breeding and shipping Percherons, Hamiltonians and French coach horses until 1894, when he again took up the general hardware and implement business. In 1907 he sold out and retired. In addition to his village property, Mr. Woodbury owns two homesteads of 160 acres each in Big Stone county, which were taken up in 1879 and 1880 by himself and Mary Jane Maley, who was to become his wife. Mr. Woodbury is a Republican in politics, and affiliates with the Modern Woodmen. He was married November 11, 1880, at Benson, Minn., to Mary Jane Maley, born September 20, 1858, daughter of William and Lizzie (Leonard) Maley, natives of Ire- land. After coming to America they located first in Bridgeport, Conn., and in 1856 came to Zumbrota. Here the father died, March 17, 1875. and the mother passed away at Aberdeen, AVasli., November 10, 1905. To Mr. and Mrs. Woodbury have been born five children. Edwin D., born July 4, 3 882, is a hardware mer- chant at Ortonville, Minn., married Francis B. Schrodeski and lias one child, Marion Wagner. Leslie M., born November 9, 1884, is a graduate of the State University and a leading dentist of Zumbrota. He married Selma M. Strand, daughter of O. A. Strand. Mark G., born August 18, 1886, is a hardware dealer at Clinton, Minn. Elsie M. is the fourth child, born February 10, 1888. Levi R. A., born November 5, 1894, lives at home. The family faith is that of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Henry Blanchard, now deceased, was for many years a memor- able figure in Zumbrota, where his voice was ever raised, and his most zealous work ever given, in the interests of all that was good and desirable, and all that tended to advance the moral, busi- ness and social interests of the village and township. In dying he bequeathed a record of unsullied honor to his children, and left the public a name which would always be the epitome of a HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 763 spotless private life and inspiring public career. Mr. Blanchard was a New Englander, born at St. Johnsbury, A r t., August 16, 1825, son of an old New England family. He attended the district schools of the Green Mountain state, and in early manhood be- came a shoemaker, which trade he thoroughly mastered as a youth. In 1857 he came to Zumbrota, then in the first days of its settlement, and like the other pioneers set to work at breaking the land and making for himself a home. After three years, when the face of the wilderness had taken on the aspects of a habitation of man, he again resumed the shoemaking business, which he folloAved several years, still continuing farming also. He and I. C. Stearns then saw the opportunity for a retail boot and shoe establishment, which, in partnership, they accordingly opened and conducted many years. In 1875 he was appointed postmaster and the office was removed to his shoe store from the store of T. P. Kellet. Mr. Blanchard retained this position until 1887, when he was elected justice of the peace, serving until 1906, when he retired. He served as president of the village council, and as a member of the school board. Until the time of his death he was a member of the library board, in which position he is now succeeded by his daughter, Mrs. G. P. Murphy — a tribute to the respect in which his memory is held and also to her own ability. The Republican platform embodied his political faith, and he was a devout member of the Congregational Church. Mr. Blanchard died August 29, 1908. He was married Septem- ber 27, 1849, at Orford, N. II.. to Alavoisa Palmer, who proved a most loving and faithful helpmeet throughout their lives. He preceded her to the grave a few months, dying April 19, 1909. To Mr. and Mrs. Blanchard were born five children, all of whom, with the exception of one who died in infancy, were given the advantages of an excellent education. Edwin K., born February 16, 1854, graduated from Dartmouth, class of 1878, and is now a civil engineer at Seymour, Minn. Charles H., born in 1856, died the following year. Arthur P., born June 25. 1862, attended the village schools, took a two years’ course at Carleton College, read law with his uncle, Judge Charles Blanchard, and is now an attorney at Little Falls, Minn. Caroline M. was born September 8, 1864, attended the schools of her neighborhood, studied at the State University two years, taught school successfully at Zumbrota six years, and is now Mrs. A. E. Drew, of McHenry, N. D. Mary L., born September 28, 1865, received the best edu- cation that Zumbrota afforded and graduated from the State University in 1888. She was a teacher of languages in the high schools of Minnesota for eight years, her longest term being with the high school at Minneapolis, where she taught German and HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 764 English. She married Gilbert P. Murphy, a traveling salesman, and makes her home in Zumbrota. Edwin Woodbury, deceased, was a sturdy figure of respect and honor in Zumbrota for nearly four decades, and passed to the Great Beyond surrounded by the love and regard of those with whom he had for so long been associated. He was born in Ver- mont, April 9, 1846. and there received his education. It was in 1 865, at the age of nineteen years, that he came west to Minnesota and located in Mazeppa. Two years later he moved to Zumbrota township, purchased 160 acres of land, which he broke and im- proved, and carried on general farming for many years. In 1888, having acquired a comfortable income, he rented his farm and moved to Zumbrota village, occupying his time in buying and selling real estate and stock. This line of business he followed until his death, June 8, 1906. During his active days he served as president of the village council, as a member of the school board and in other public positions. He was an enthusiastic worker for the cause of Masonry, and was known by the members of that fraternity throughout the state. Mr. Woodbury was mar- ried December 14, 1869, at Mazeppa, Minn., to Roseltha Judd, daughter of George AY. and Amanda (Emmons) Judd, natives of New York, who moved to Mazeppa in 1855. There the father conducted a blacksmith establishment until 1889, when he retired and came to Zumbrota, remaining here until the time of his death, in September, 1900. His wife is also deceased. James Cram came to Zumbrota in 1856 and for many years after his arrival followed his trade as a joiner. Fie worked on many of the earliest dwellings in the village, and assisted greatly in the material upbuilding of the place. In 1878 he purchased a stock of furniture and started in the retail business, which he has since followed very successfully, building up a large trade. More recently he has added an undertaking and funeral directing' de- partment to his store. After establishing himself here he married Lucinda D. Dickason, daughter of Elbert and Obedience Dicka- son, who were among the earliest settlers of Columbia, Wis. The father died in Wisconsin in 1849 and the mother in California in 1901. Three children have crowned the happy marriage' of Mr. and Mrs. Cram. Marion L. was born February 7, 1867. Florence J. was born August 5, 1868, and married D. C. Pierce, of Goodhue. Clyde M., born April 11, 1882, is an army engineer for the government at San Francisco. Mr. Cram is a Republican in politics, has taken an active interest in public affairs, and has served on the village council and school board. The family faitli is embodied in the religion of the Congregational Church. Mr. Cram was born in Scotland, June 18, 1836. His father, who bore the same name, brought his family to America in 1840, and im- James Cram Edwin Woodbury HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 765 mediately upon his arrival on the shores of the new country his wife died. After laying her to her eternal rest, the family went from New York city, where they first landed, to Roxbury, Mass., where the father engaged in the weaving industry, he being one of that band of Scotchmen who came to this country for the pur- pose of installing 120 looms for weaving Brussels carpets. In 1848 the family moved to Tariffville, Conn., where the father died. The subject of this sketch started work in a store' at the early age of twelve years. Five years later he learned the joiners’ trade, which he followed until coming to Zumbrota. Edward G. Hammer, of Zumbrota village, is prominently iden- tified with the dairy interests of this county. He was born in Stor- dalen, Norway. November 8, 1865, son of Guilder R. and Inge- borana Hammer, the former of whom is a carpenter by trade. These sturdy old people are still living in Norway, the mother being eighty-six and the father seventy-six years old. Edward was given the advantage of excellent training in the schools of his native village, and then learned the shoemaking trade. It was in 1885 that he came to America and located in Zumbrota. Three years later he went to Hallock, Minn., and learned the cheese- making business, subsequent to which he took a two years’ course in the Red Wing Seminary. For seven years he engaged in butter and cheese making in Wanamingo, and was the prime factor in establishing the Farmers’ Co-operative Creamery. Following this he engaged in the butter business in Goodhue and then re- turned to Wanamingo for two years, after which he came to Zumbrota and purchased the creamery at Goodhue, which he also owns. While in Goodhue he took the agency for the Lavelle cream separator, which he has since retained, having sold over 1,000 in this county. Mr. Hammer is a member of the village council of Zumbrota. He has served as treasurer of his school district, and while in Goodhue was treasurer of the village school board. In addition to his creamery interests he is vice president of the Zumbrota Clay Manufacturing Company. December 17. 1893, he was married at Red Wing to Anna Sletten, of Wana- mingo, daughter of Ole and Hansena Sletten. the former of whom is a Wanamingo merchant. The fruits of this union are two children as follows: Emma J.. born September 21, 1894, and Ottelle G., born July 12, 1897, both of whom are at home. The family. worships at the Lutheran Church. Henry M. Scofield, of Zumbrota village, retired farmer and estimable citizen, was born in Saratoga county, New York, Jan- uary 12, 1831, and has therefore already passed the three score and ten mark which Solomon made proverbial. The father, Miner Scofield (April 19, 1796-December 2, 1850). and the mother, Lydia Sherman Scofield (June 6, 1801-October 8, 1854), migrated HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 766 in 1848 from NeAv York state to Fond du Lac county, Wis., and spent the remainder of their days on a farm. Henry M'. attended the schools of his native county, and also received a part of his education in Wisconsin, to which state he removed with his parents at the age of seventeen years. After leaving school he remained at home, taking charge of his father’s farm until 1857. From that date is reckoned his career in Goodhue county. He purchased 160 acres in Pine Island township, about one mile from Zumbrota village, and had subdued the wild acres to a profitable degree of cultivation when the Civil War broke out. Responding to the call of his country, he enlisted in 1862 in Company B, Thirty-second Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the Avar. After being mustered out and honorably dis- charged he returned to his farm, there remaining until 1901, when he sold the place to his son and removed to Zumbrota village, AAdiere he has since lived a retired life. During his more active days he served as road overseer and school clerk of his district in Pine Island toAAmship; and in Scofield Post, No. 121, G. A. R., he has held all the offices, iioav serving his twelfth term as chap- lain. Pie Avas married January 30, 1853, to Mary A. Scofield, Avho died at the family residence in Pine Island, April 2, 1861 . To this union three children were born. Ella M., born April 8, 1855, is now Mrs. Ella M. Shedd, a AvidoAV living in California. George 11., born May 5, 1857, died March 29, 1886. William F., born September 2, 1859, lives in South Dakota. On January 30, 1866, at Rosendale, Wis., Mr. Scofield married Jane C. Murray, daugh- ter of George and Margaret (Ramsey) Murray. Her parents mi- grated from Prince EdAvard’s Island, Canada, to Illinois, in 1844, and moved to Wisconsin in 1854. The father was born June 30, 1791, and died November 30, 1855, while the latter AA^as born March 17, 1899. Mrs. Scofield AAms born at Prince Edward’s Island, July 28, 1835. She has borne to Henry M. Scofield five children. Edward H., born April 12, 1867, is an electrical en- gineer in St. Paul. Margaret A., born June 17, 1870, is a dress- maker living at home. LeAAns M., born November 2, 1873, farms on the old homestead. Carrie L., born July 18, 1876, is now Mrs. Skillman, a widoAv residing in Zumbrota. Frank M., born Jan- uary 18, 1878, died April 3, 1899. The Congregational faith is the religious belief of the family. Andrew S. Lexvold, retired farmer of Zumbrota village, Avas born in Norway, November 9, 1829, received his education in the schools of his native place and engaged in farming there until coming to America in 1866. Upon his arrival here he located in Minneola township, where he purchased eighty acres of timber land, which he cleared, and upon which he made all the improve- ments, erecting a comfortable home and other necessary buildings. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 767 carrying on general farming. He added to his original purchase until he retired in 1897, being at that time the owner of one of the finest farms in the country, containing 520 acres of land, all under cultivation, and all in Minneola township. Mr. Lexvold has been a hard working man all his life and by his untiring energy become one of the prosperous farmers of Minneola town- ship. He is now residing in Zumbrota village, enjoying the fruits of his honest endeavors. He was married in November, 1868, to Gunel Thompson, who came to America in 1865. Mr. Lexvold has four sons, all engaged in farming. They are : Sever, Ole, Christ and Halbert. Five daughters, Martha, Anna, Sarah, Martina and Bertha, are all living. Mr. Lexvold is a Republican, has held the position of road overseer, and is a good citizen, taking an interest in the welfare of the county and village in which he lives. He is one of the members of Land’s Lutheran Church. Ira D. Warren, of Zumbrota village, hardware merchant and former miller, is a native New Yorker, born March. 22, 1842, son of Sheldon TI. and Sally (Calkins) Warren, also natives of New York state. The father, who was a shoemaker and farmer by trade, came with his family to Goodhue county in 1867, and located in Roscoe township, where he followed farming until his retirement in 1893. Three years later he died. His widow sur- vived until 1903, when she, too, passed to her eternal reward. Ira D. had scarcely left school when the Civil War broke out. He consequently enlisted at Herkimer county, New York, in Company B. One Hundred and Twenty-first New York Volunteer Infantry, in the fall of 1862, and served until June, 1865, when he was dis- charged at Annapolis, Md. He participated in the bloody carnage at South Mountain, Antietam, First and Second Fredericksburg, Rappahannock, Battle of the Wilderness and Spottsville. In the latter battle he received an ankle -wound and was captured. For ten months he was imprisoned at Andersonville, but was later ex- changed. Upon his return to New York state he farmed for a year and then came to Roscoe township with his parents and re- mained four years. Subsequently he spent eighteen years as a miller in Zumbrota. During that time he was a prominent and popular citizen, and when he became an aspirant for the position of postmaster, the people were almost unanimous in desiring his appointment. He served in this capacity over five years, and then conducted the Forest Mills elevator four years, after which he became manager of the Wabasha Riller Mills elevator at Zumbrota for three years. He then purchased a 175-acre farm two miles from the city, and managed this for three years. In 1908, in company with his son, he purchased the hardware busi- ness of W. F. Bevers & Son, which has since been conducted under the name of Ira D. Warren & Son. Mr. Warren stands high in HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 768 Masonic circles, and has been a member of the Blue Lodge thirty- five years. Of this lodge he has served as master several terms. He also belongs to the Royal Arch chapter, of which he has served as high priest several terms, and to the lesser Masonic degrees. He has been commander several years of Scofield Post, No. 121, G. A. R. While he has never been an active politician, he is a Republican in politics, and has served on the village council and the school board. Mr. Warren was married September 19, 1866, to Cordelia A. Gaskell, of New York state, who died October 24, 1908. They have had the following children : Lelah M., born in November, 1867, married to Carl L. Strom, cashier of the Farm- ers’ and Merchants’ Bank at Minneapolis, and Sheldon Deforest, born in December, 1876, who is in partnership with his father; Herbert, who died at the age of three and a half years. The family worships at the Congregational Church. Olaf 0. Nordvold, of Zumbrota village, a retired farmer and former well-known school teacher, is a native of Norway (Lesje, Gudbrandsdalen), son of Ole and Marit Nordslette n. The parents spent their entire lives in Norway, with the exception of the years from 1878 to 1881, which they spent with their .sons in America. They are now deceased. Olaf, as he was then called by his friends, attended a high school in Norway, and graduated from the Asker Seminary for Teachers in 1864. The high grade of scholarship which he maintained while at the seminary secured for him the position as teacher in his home district, a situation he held four years. His fifth year as a teacher was spent in the south part of Gudbrandsdalen, and in 1869 he migrated to Amer- ica, locating in Iowa. While perfecting himself in the English language he followed farming a short time and in the fall of that year came to this county as parochial school teacher and choir leader of the Minneola congregation. He was beloved by the pupils and honored by the parents, but in 1876, desiring more out-of-door employment, he purchased 256 acres in Zumbrota township, grubbed and improved 80 acres of this, and erected a new building, carrying on general farming until 1906, when he sold his farm to his sons and moved to Zumbrota village, where he has since resided. His public office holding includes service in the legislature in 1887, as town treasurer of Zumbrota for eight years, supervisor three years and postmaster at White Willow eight years, his tenure of office in the latter position extending through the administration of Harrison and one term of Cleve- land. He is secretary of the Farmers’ Elevator Company, of Zumbrota,' and chairman of its finance committee. He is also a director in the Wanamingo, Minneola & Cherry Grove Mutual Farmers’ Insurance Company. Throughout his life Mr. Nordvold has taken a deep interest in church matters, and is now serving as HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 769 chairman of the board of trustees of Land’s Church. Start- ing in life as a poor boy, he has acquired an education, position, and a comfortable income, all by his own efforts. Mr. Nordvold was married March 25, 1873, at the Church of the Minneola Con- gregation, to Esther C. Klevgaard, daughter of John Klevgaard, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1850, and located in Dane county, Wis., where their daughter Esther was born, October 18 of the same year. Later they located in Goodhue county, and still later in Jackson county, this state. The father died March 7, 1908, and the mother April 9, of the same year. The home of the Nordvolds has been blessed with eight children. Olaf M., born December 15, 1873, is a farmer in Zumbrota township. Maria J., born March 25, 1876, married Swen T. Swenson, also a farmer in Zumbrota township. Jesse C., born February 11, 1879, follows a similar occupation. Olga M., born June 8, 1880, is married to Peter T. Swenson, the Standard Oil agent at Zumbrota. Adolph E., born November 22, 1882, married Alice Langum, of Anoka, and is now in the furniture and undertaking business in Zum- brota. Agnes 0., born May 16, 1885, lives at home. Sverre P., born December 30, 1887, is a graduate of the Northwestern Uni- versity, of Chicago, department of pharmacy class of 1909. Har- old O., born April 12, 1892, a student in the Zumbrota high school, is clerking in the post office and lives at home. The family faith is that of the Lutheran Church. Henry J. Weiss, retired farmer of Zumbrota township, is a worthy example of those men of a sturdy race who left the shores of Europe for the new world, where by dint of frugal habits and hard labor they achieved for themselves a name and a fortune which is an honor to themselves, and a noble heritage to posterity. He has been a county commissioner and has served as chairman of Minneola township and school clerk for several terms. He has also been clerk of the German Lutheran Church at Zumbrota many years. Mr. "Weiss was born in Germany, August 8, 1849, and there received an excellent education. In 1862 he came to America with his mother and brother, and worked on a farm in Minneola township with them until 1870, when he assumed charge of the old homestead. From that date until 1902 he carried on general farming on 400 acres of good land, and then retired, renting his farm and moving to a pleasant home which he erected in the village of Zumbrota. In this residence he has since lived. Mr. "Weiss was married October 30, 1873, to Mary Starz, daughter of Jacob and Rosina Starz, natives of Germany, who upon coming to this country located in Zumbrota. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Weiss has been blessed by three children. Anna L., born October 11, 1875, is now Mrs. Charles Grover, of Zumbrota. Henry E., born November 19. 1878, is cashier of the Security State Bank, 770 HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY of Zumbrota. Ida J., born February 24, 1881, is now Mrs. Anton Johnson, of Zumbrota. Mr. Weiss, together with R. 0. Lund, were the prime movers in founding the State Bank, and Mr. Weiss has been a director ever since. He is also a director in the Security State Bank. Henry E. Weiss, treasurer of the Zumbrota village school board and cashier of the Security State Bank, of Zumbrota, is a native of this county, born in Minneola township, November 19, 1878, son of Henry J. and Mary (Starz) Weiss, well known farmers of that township. He received his education in the dis- trict schools of Minneola, the public schools of Zumbrota, and the Red Wing Business College. At once after completing a course in the latter institution he entered the Security State Bank, in 1897, as bookkeeper. In 1899 he was made assistant cashier and in 1902 was promoted to his present position. He is an ardent supporter of the Republican party and has served the village three yeai’s as recorder and three years as treasurer. He belongs to the English Lutheran Church and affiliates with the Masons, the Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias and the Elks. Mr. Weiss was married November 5, 1902, to Winifred Tucker, daughter of Richmond and Cornelia Tucker, farmers and fruit raisers of Kasson, Minn. This union has been blessed with one child, Marion, born May 29, 1904, who is the idol of the household. Anton J. Rockne, oi Zumbrota village, the distinguished speaker of the Minnesota house of representatives, is of Minne- sota birth, his natal place being in Harmony township, Fillmore county, and the date of his birth December 19, 1868. His parents were Michael and Anna (Amundson) Rockne. The father left Norway in 1849, and located in Illinois, where he farmed two years. In Wisconsin and South Dakota he also lived for a time, and was married in 1865. After coming to Minnesota he pur- chased 160 acres in the town where young Anton was born, and continued general farming. The home place is now managed by Michael Rockne and his brother. Anton’s early youth was spent on the home farm, and his primary education received in the schools of the neighborhood. His classical and academic training was obtained at the Decorali Institute, Decorah, la. Fie then spent an interim in teaching school, subsequent to which he en- tered the law department of the Minnesota State University, from which he graduated in 1894, being admitted to the bar June 7 of the same year. A few months later he came to Zumbrota and opened up an office. His success was instantaneous and in this profession he has since continued. He at once took an active interest in politics, and in 1902 was elected to the legislature, being re-elected successively in 1904, 1906 and 1908. His elo- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 771 quence on the floor and his good sense in caucus and committee deliberation won the confidence of his fellow members, and in 1909 he Avas elected to his present position as speaker. Not alone, however, at the state capital, is his influence felt, for at home his merits are no less realized. He has served as president of the village council one year and has been a member of the council two years. lie has also done considerable campaigning for the Republican party. Mr. Rockne Avas married December 10, 1899, at Zumbrota, to Susie Albertson, daughter of Elling Al- bertson, a prominent farmer of Wanamingo. The fruits of this union are three children — Melroy, born September 11, 19J30; Elnor, born February 26, 1902, and Ariel, born June 26, 1901. The family worships at the Lutheran Church. W. Scott Van de Bogart is a neAv comer in Zumbrota town- ship compared with those who settled here in the fifties and sixties, but in the dozen or so years that he has lived here he has already established himself in the confidence and regard of the community. He Avas born in Appleton, Wis., February 15, 1862, son of Henry and Emeline (Hubbard) Van de Bogart, natives of New York state. They came Avest to Wisconsin in the early days and engaged in farming until 1862, when the father joined the union army and served in Company D, Twenty-first Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, until his death at Murfreesboro as the result of a foA'er contracted during the .campaign. After this sad bereaA T ement, the mother lived at Appleton until 1878. She then lived tAvo years in Kansas and in 1880 moved to North Dakota and still later to Nebraska. In 1899 she came to live with her son. then returned again to Nebraska, and subsequently in 1907 again took up her home with her son, and ended her days, November 26, 1908. AY. Scott received his education hi AVisconsin, there spent his young manhood and in 1880 took up a homestead of 160 acres in North Dakota and also a tree claim in the same state. In 1897 he came to Zumbrota township, purchased 150 acres of land in section 29, and continued- to carry on general farming. Air. Van de Bogart Avas married April 2, 1884. fo Annie Barteau, daughter of David and Joana (AVillet). Barteau, natives of New York state, Avho came to Zumbrota in 1873 and engaged in the hardware business. The father died in August, 3 908, and the mother makes her home in Zumbrota village. To W. Scott and Annie (Barteau) A 7 an de Bogart Avere born five children — Jay Id., born April 28, 1885, is employed by the Tri-State Telephone Company at Alinneapolis ; Byron B., born July T2, 1888, died in March 6, 1908; Hazel L., born Febru- ary 19, 1891, lives at home; Sadie J., born Afay 9, 1894, died September 23. 1903 ; Ruth A., born March 8, 1898, lives at home. The mother of these children died March 17, 1898, and the HISTORY OP GOODHUE COUNTY father again married, March. 2, 1902, the present Mrs. Van de Bogart having been Minnie L. Drew, daughter of Samuel and Martha Morris Drew, natives of England, who in 1848 located in Canada and after living there several years, moved to Red Wing in 1864, where they engaged in general farming. Mr. Drew died May 6, 1907, and his wife September 23, 1907. The family worships at the Methodist Church. Martin 0. Tonseth is a prominent figure in Lands Congrega- tion, being teacher of the parochial school of that church in Zumbrota and having charge of the schools at seven other points. For the duties of this office he is well fitted, standing high in the esteem of parents and pupils. Mr. Tonseth was born in Norway, February 28, 1845, and received his education in his native land, after which he worked on the government telegraph lines for four years. In the spring of 1872 he decided to seek his fortunes in this land of wider opportunity. Arriving in Zumbrota in the spring of 1872 he erected a home, and worked first as a farmer and then as a stone mason. He taught in the Sunday school of his congregation for several years and then in 1893 took charge of the parochial schools. He is a good citizen in every respect, one of those men who uplift the moral tone of any community. Mr. Tonseth was married September 28, 1873, at Zumbrota to Oline Strom, who came to America in 1873 and died March 6, 1903. Her father died in the old country, and her mother came to America in 1877, remaining until her death in 1892. Ole Hansen and Sigre (Martinsdatter) Tonseth, parents of Martin O. Tonseth, were natives of Norway, where the father was a shoemaker. He died in April, 1878, and the mother in February, 1876 . They had five children — Hans, Ivari, Martin (deceased), Ole (deceased). Rasmus R. Sigmond, a well-known merchant of Zumbrota, first saw the light of day in La Salle county, Illinois, September 26, 1856, his parents being Rasmus R. and Mary (Wix) Sigmond, the former a native of Stavangen and the latter of Bergen, both in Norway. After arriving in this country they took up their residence in La Salle county, Avhere the father expired March 1, 1884. The mother still makes her home on the old place. The subject of this sketch received his education in the public schools, the Rock River Seminary at Mt. Morris, 111. ; the East High School, Aurora, 111., and Fowler Institute at Newark, 111., graduating from the latter in 1876. Previous to his graduation, however he had known something of business life, haying entered the employ of a mercantile company at the early age of fifteen years. After leaving school as a student, he taught two years in his native county, and then started in the mercantile business at Danway, 111. Here he remained a little over a year and then Herman H. Palmer HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY tytyo l to went to Sheridan, 111., where he engaged in the same business four years. It was in August of 1880 that he decided to try his fortunes as a merchant in Zumbrota. His efforts met with success, and not only has his business prospered, but he himself has attained a position of honor and trust in the community. His home on Fifth street is the center of many social gatherings, and his voice on the school board and village council, of which he has been a member, was always listened to with respect and consideration. He has been a member of the state militia twenty- two years, and is now the commissary of the Third regiment. Fraternally, he is known throughout the state, being a member in high standing in the Masons, the Modern Woodmen, the Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias and the Modern Samaritans. A Bepublican in politics, he nevertheless exercises his own judgment in voting, and does not always follow the party leaders when his own conscience dictates otherwise. Mr. Sig- mond was married January 8, 1879, to Sarah Nelson, of Sheridan, 111., daughter of Peter C. and Signa (Danielson) Nelson, both natives of the United States and both now deceased. The fruits of this union are- — Koy E., born October 14, 1879, is in partnership with his father; Lloyd E., born December 9, 1884, is an attorney-at-law in American Falls, Idaho, while Luverne N., born October 31, 1886, is a vocal and band instructor at Shoshone, Idaho. The family stands high in the work of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and generously assist in many pub- lic movements. Herman H. Palmer, deceased, was for many years prominently identified with the industrial and business life of Zumbrota. A native of New Hampshire, he early engaged in the manufactur- ing business in Worcester, Mass., and came to Zumbrota in 1860. He was one of the three men who built the Forest mills, but later he opened a general store and conducted it along progressive lines until failing health necessitated his retirement in 1898. He served as president of the city council and of the school board, and as a member of the library committee. In fraternal and re- ligious circles he was no less prominent, having gone through thirty-two degrees of Masonry and served many years as trustee of the Congregational church. Mr. Palmer was married in No- vember, 1862; to Adelaide Halbert, daughter of John and Mary A. (Turner) Halbert, natives of New York state and early set- tlers of Zumbrota. The father died in Memphis, Tenn., and the mother in Zumbrota. Mr. Palmer died in June, 1904, and his widow still lives in the old homestead erected in 1868. The sub- ject of this sketch was a man of kindly nature, one who had a faculty of bringing out the best in the characters of those with whom he was associated, and his death was a distinct loss to the 774 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY community which he had so ably served. Mrs. Palmer’s brother, E. T. Halbert, Avas also a prominent figure in Zumbrota for many years. Pie was OAvner of the Zumbrota mill and had other busi- ness holdings. He died in 1906. John J. Starz, retired farmer, of Zumbrota village, is of German birth, his natal day being November 24, 1829. His youth and early manhood Avere spent in his native land, and the latter part of 1854 saw him located in Sandusky, Ohio. A year later he Avent to Milwaukee, Wis., and soon afterward came to Goodhue county, settling in Minneola township. On section 8, tOAvnship 110, range 16, Avest, he purchased 160 acres. After breaking this land and bringing it under cultivation, he purchased two more cpiarter sections, and upon the 480 acres successfully carried on general farming until 1899, Avhen he retired from active life, and purchased a pleasant home in Zum- brota \ T illage, where he has since resided, enjoying the fruits of a. life of labor well spent. While in Minneola tOAvnship, he served as town supervisor and as road overseer. He was also member of the school board and clerk of his school district for a long term of years. He is a good man, knoAvn for his probity and honesty, loved by his family and respected by his friends. Mr. Starz Avas married September 28, 1854, at Sandusky, Ohio, to Rosena Bidlingmaier, a native of Germany, Avho located in San- dusky a short time before her marriage. Seven children have crowned this union Avith happiness. Mary, born March 5, 1856, is married to Henry Weiss; Louisa, born July 24, 1858, was mar- ried to Henry Bennervitz, noAV deceased; Louis, born August 20, 1861, is a farmer in Pine Island township; John, born August 22, 1863, is a farmer of Minneola township ; Edward IP., born September 28, 1868, lives on the old homestead; Edith C., born February 20. 1872, is the wife of Herman Kalass; Emma R., born March 24, 1874, is married to Theodore Tlioreson. The family is connected with the German Lutheran Church, and are actively interested in its progress. Samuel B. Scott, the efficient postmaster at Zumbrota, is a native product of this county, born in Minneola township, June 18, 1870, of NeAv York parentage. His father, Peter P. Scott (married to Betsy Ann Thomas), was a harness maker by trade. The parents left NeAV York state, where they Avere born, and came to this county in 1866, locating in Goodhue county, where they bought 160 acres of land. . This the father developed, improved and increased, until he owned 340 acres, upon which he con- ducted general farming until his death, March 7. 1901. The mother died June 24. 1908. After receiving his primary edu- cation in the schools of his native tOAvnship, Samuel B. Scott attended the Zumbrota High School, and then started in business HISTORY OR GOODHUE COUNTY 775 life for himself as a drug clerk. In 1903 he returned to the old homestead in Minneola, which he conducted until 1903, making a specialty of raising thoroughbred short-horn cattle. He made a careful study of the dairy business and in June, 1901, was appointed a member of the State Dairy and Food Commission, serving until February, 1905. Three years later he was ap- pointed to his present position as postmaster. Under his admin- istration the growth of business in the office has been steady and its efficiency has been greatly increased. Mr. Scott has taken an active interest in the civic, military and industrial progress of Zumbrota and Minneola. He has served as town clerk, and as school clerk, and was one of the organizers of the Zumbrota Clay Manufacturing Company, early in 1908. He is a Republican in politics and a popular member of the Masons, the Elks, the Knights of Pythias and the Modern Woodmen. With C. L. Strom he helped to organize Company D, Third Minnesota National Guard, of which he was a member for seven years. Mr. Scott was married in June 29, 1892, at Zumbrota, to Emma Barteau, daughter of David and Joana (Willet) Barteau, natives of New York state, who came to Zumbrota in 1873 and engaged in the hardware business. The father died in August, 1908, and the mother lives with the Scott family. The fruits of this union are five children — Sumner, born October 23, 1896 ; Kenneth W., born April 10, 1897 ; Lester, born December 30, 1900; Sidney B., born in June, 1903, and Russell B., born September 14, 1906. Sidney B. died in April, 1904. H. B. Powers, now deceased, the first white settler of Pine Island, was born in Buffalo, N. Y., January 31, 1836, and went to Pennsylvania in 1852, settling in Wisconsin a short time later. In October, 1854, he came to this county and preempted 160 acres on section 31, built a cabin and lived two years, later moving on to section 30. He operated the first mill in Pine Island for Haggard and Howard, the firm later becoming Leroy and Powers. In 1858 the business was sold to J. A. Tarbox. In 1864 he moved to Roscoe township and there remained until August 1879, when he came to Zumbrota and engaged in the meat business with Jacob Closner, under the firm name of Powers and Closner. After several years Mr. Closner retired and Mr. Powers continued the business with his son, George B., until 1894, when he retired. In 1901 he moved to Mora, Kanabec county, and purchased eighty acres of land, where he lived until his death, March 31, 1905. His wife is still living in Mora with a daughter, Mrs. Charles C. Rogers. Mr. Powers was married in 1856 to Mary E. Miller, born in Pennsylvania, February 28, 1838. To this union were born seven children— Flora Ann, born May 25, 1857, is now the wife of Charles C. Rogers, of 776 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Mora, Minn. She has the distinction of being the first white person born within the township limits of Pine Island. George B., born in May, 1859, is in Mora, Minn; James Clark, born July 6, 1861, is a grain merchant of Ilalloek, Minn. ; Alice M., born July 29, 1868, is the Avife of Charles E. Kolbe, of Mason City, Io\A 7 a ; Frank E., born December 16, 1872, works on the “Soo” line; Mark II. is assistant cashier of the First State Bank, of Zumbrota; William R. is dead. Mark H. Powers, of Zumbrota village, AA r as born in Roscoe township, this county, February 4, 1876, and attended the schools of his neighborhood, afterward taking a course in the Zumbrota High School. His first regular employment Avas as assistant to Dr. P. A. Bereman, of Zumbrota. Subsequently he worked three years as mechanic in the Adams Iron Mine, of Eveleth, Minn., and then entered the shipping department of the Greggs, Cooper & Company, of St. Paul. In June, 1905, he returned to Zumbrota and accepted a position as assistant cashier of the Security State Bank, in which capacity he re- mained two years. A similar office Avas then offered him in the First State Bank, Avhere he has since remained, Avinning friends among all those with whom he comes in contact. Mr. PoAvers Avas married September 22, 1903, at Zumbrota, to Mayme McWaters, daughter of James and Esther McWaters, of this place. One child lias blessed this union — Kathleen G., born July 10, 1904. Mr. Powers is a Republican in politics and is iioav serving his second term as village recorder. His popularity is shown by the fact that he is captain of Company D, Third Infantry, Minnesota National Guard. As a charter member of the Zumbrota Lodge, No. 178, Knights of Pythias, he has abways been prominent in its councils and as a Mason he is highly esteemd. The family faith is that of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Geoge Person, at one time proprietor of the Zumbrota Electric Light plant, came of old Green Mountain stock, haAung been born in Vermont, December 4, 1831, son of Samuel and Rebecca (Stoddard) Person, both natives of New England. The father, a clothier by trade, brought his family to Zumbrota in the fifties, and here remained until his death, March 13, 1896. His AvidoAv survived until January 20, 1906. Subsequent xu re- ceiving his education in Brattleboro, Vt., George Person came to Zumbrota with his parents, and started his career as a black- smith, erecting the first smithy in the xnllage. Some years later he engaged in the hardware business, and afterward pur- chased the Zumbrota Electric Light plant, which he conducted until 1906, when he sold out and retired, enjoying the Avell- earned fruits of a life of labor, until his death, June 7, 1907. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 777 Mr. Person was Republican in politics, and a member of the United Workmen. His religious duties were performed at the Baptist Church. He was married August 25, 1864, at La Crosse, Wis., to Mrs. Mary A. Elliott, daughter of Edward and Caroline (McLintoc) Boyles, of Thomaston, Maine. Her father origi- nally conducted a bakery but in the latter years of his life took up hotel keeping. He died in Bangor, Maine, in 1861, his wife having died in Thomaston, Maine, in 1859. To Mr. and Mrs. George Person were born three children — Abbie A., born Sep- tember 21, 1867, married John Stanerson, now of Minot, N. D. ; Edward S., born March 4, 1872, was president of the First State Bank, of Zumbrota, twelve years. He is now president of a bank at Minot, Minn, N. D. He was for some time captain of Company B, of Zumbrota, then became major in the Third regi- ment, Minnesota National Guards and is now captain of National Guard company at Minot. Charles F., born August 15, 1875, died June 4, 1898. By her marriage to James A. Elliott, Mrs. Person had one son, George, bora June 4, 1860, and died in August, 1890. Ralph C. Nickerson, veterinary surgeon, of Zumbrota, is a native of Wisconsin, born in Cambria, Columbia county, Decem- ber 27, 1859. His parents, Seth and Sarah R. (Clifford) Nicker- son, natives of New York state, removed to Wisconsin in 1845, the father bei*ig a blacksmith by trade. From 1863 until 1877, the family lived at Concord, Dodge county, this state, and then came to Zumbrota. The mother died October 25, 1897, and the father, who retired from active practice of his trade in 1890, lives with his son, Ralph C. The subject of this sketch was edu- cated in the common schools and in the Wesleyan Methodist Seminary at Wasioja, Minn., as well as in the Zumbrota High School. He clerked in a store for a time, but his love for horses soon lead him to the race track, which he followed until 1899, when he entered the Western Veterinary College, at Kansas City, graduating in 1901. He at once opened an office in Zumbrota, where he has met with marked success, and built up a large and profitable practice. In addition to the pursuits mentioned above, Mr. Nickerson was proprietor of a government star mail route from July 1, 1879, to December, 1881. In 1884 he took a trip to the state of Washington, returning the following year. On his trip home he drove seventy-eight horses from Cheney, Wash., to Bozeman, Mont., thence brought them to St. Paul by rail, and from there drove them to Zumbrota where he sold them. Mr. Nickerson Avas married December 31, 1878, at Zumbrota, to Kate C. Chaffee, daughter of I. M. and Emily F. (Roan) Chaffee, the former of whom Avas a native of Connecticut and the latter of England. They came to Zumbrota in the early days, Mr. Chaffee HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY tyiyo i i o being for many years a carpenter here, also doing some con- tracting. He died in February, 1897, and his wife in December, 1891. Mrs. Nickerson was born March 17, 1863. To Mr. Nicker- son she has borne two children, Mary C., born August 26, 1880, wife of George H. Tracy, superintendent of schools in Alden, Minn., and Guy R., born August 27, 1882, a horse dealer of Zum- brota. The family religion is that of the Methodist Church. ■ Andrew J. Nerhaugen. of Zumbrota village, was born in Land, Norway, January 6, 1829, son of Johannes and Marit Ner- haugen. "With his parents and two brothers he came to America in the year 1848, and located on a farm near Oxfordville, Rock county, "Wisconsin. Here he lived until 1855, when he came to Minnesota and settled in Pine Island township, where he pre- empted 160 acres of wild land. This land he cleared and broke, and here he built a home in which he lived until in 1905, when he sold and removed to the village of Zumbrota, where he pur- chased a home and has since lived a retired life. Mr. Ner- haugen has been twice married. In the spring of 1857 he was married to Ingeborg Myran, by whom he had six children — • John, of Zumbrota; Peter, of Anoka; Jidia (Mrs. N. Simonson), of Brainerd ; Edward and Sophie, of Minneapolis, and Albert, who died in infancy. His second wife, Mary Halvorson, died February 8, 1906. She was born in Land, Norway, in 1845, came to America in 1869, and was married to Mr. Nerlytugen in 1871. By this union there were eight children — Alpliine, who died in 1878; Clara, who died in 1902; Carl, of "Watertown, S. D. ; Selmer, of Zumbrota ; Alfred, of Seattle, "Wash ; Emily, Josie and Stella, who live at home. Mr. Nerhaugen is a member of the Lutheran Church. Thore Olson, farmer and stock buyer, lives iu a pleasant residence on the outskirts of the village of Zumbrota. He is a native of Norway, born August 18, 1854, son of Ole and Anna (Lvseng) Olson, the former of whom died in Norway and the latter of whom, came to this country in 1856 and died in the fall of 1898. Thore was brought to this country as a boy of two years, and was raised at Manitowoc, "Wis., where he received his education. He spent his young manhood in farming and railroad work, and in 1876 went to Benson, Minn. In 1881 he located in Larimore, Grand Forks county, N. D., and engaged in farming and stock dealing until 1890, when he came to Minneola township and purchased 240 acres. In 1898 he rented this farm and purchased 115 acres on the borders of the village of Zumbrota, where he erected a new home. He now deals in stock, and conducts the home farm. Mr. Olson has devoted his life to hard work, and has never cared to mix in public affairs. He is a faithful husband and a loving father, justly proud of HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 79 his flue family of children. He is one of the respected members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Olson was married, June 18, 1880, at Benson, Minn., to Marie Hanson, both of whose parents are now deceased. This union has been blessed with eight children — Ole is dead; Anna is dead; Ole T., Theodore, Oscar, Olga, are living; Elmer and Mabel are dead. Fredrick L. Marvin, who conducts an extensive produce busi- ness in Zumbrota village,, the amount of his transactions reaching something like $25,000 a year, was horn in Rome, Ohio, June 28, 1845, son of Albert and Anna (Rogers) Marvin, the former a native of New York state and the latter of Ohio. In 1855 the family moved to Monticello, Iowa, where the father engaged in retailing agricultural implements until 1880, when he retired. Albert Marvin was a staunch Republican, and a noted stump speaker. He several times toured the state of Iowa during polit- ical campaigns, and also served Jones county in the legislature. He died-in June, 1887, at eighty years of age, and his wife lived to be eighty-eight. At, once after leaving school in Iowa, Fred- erick migrated to Nebraska. In 1870 he took up 160 acres in John- son county, that state, and carried on general farming. In 1887 he went to St. Paul and in September of that year came to Zumbrota, where he has since engaged in buying and shipping eggs, poultry, fruit and vegetables. This has not only proven a profitable venture for Mr. Marvin, but has also furnished the farmers with an outlet for their garden crops and poultry products. Mr. Marvin belongs to the United Workmen, but has never sought the excitement of public life, either in fraternal or political circles. He was married October 24, 1866, at Monticello, Iowa, to Jennie S. Tucker, daughter of Samuel Tucker, a wagon manufacturer. Both her parents are deceased. A son and a daughter have blessed the Marvin home. Frank A., born in Nebraska, is in the gas business at Watertown, S. D. ; Lillian B., was also born in Nebraska. Otto F. C. Miller, a Zumbrota meat dealer, is a native of the village, born October 13, 1878, son of August Miller and Mrs. Anna (Pagel) Miller, who previous to her marriage with Mr. Miller was Mrs. Anna Wallaue. The parents, natives of Germany, came to America in 1872 and 1869, respectively, and settled in Wisconsin, later coming to Goodhue county and locat- ing in Red Wing in 1874. In that city, the father followed his trade of meat cutting and in 1876 was married to Mrs. Wallauer. In 1877 he started in business for himself. In 1886 he took E. V. Ramharter as a partner and later sold the entire business to him. Subsequently he engaged in stock buying until 1901. In that year he and his son started in the meat busi- ness as partners, under the firm name of August Miller & Son. 780 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY In 1906 his son sold out his interest to IJospodarsky and Lapprell, who with August Miller, carried on the business for about nine months, when they purchased the business. Otto Miller then started a new meat market and August Miller worked with him until 1908, when he moved to Deer Lodge, Tenn., where he owns 900 acres of farm and timber land. There the mother and father still live. Otto F. C. attended the public schools of Zumbrota and after school took up the meat business. In 1901 bought out the firm of Kolbe & Kalass, and as mentioned before in this sketch, carried on business with his father until 1906, when he sold out. He spent the next year in preparing his present residence on Fourth street and in 1907 again took up the meat business. He is interested in the Zumbrota Clay Manu- facturing Company, is an independent voter and belongs to the German Lutheran Church. The father served both as alderman and marshall of the village. O. F. C. Miller was married, June 9, 1903, at Goodhue, to Annie S. Hilderbrandt, daughter of Christ and Sophia Hilderbrandt, natives of Germany, who came to America in 1864 and located in Goodhue county, where they engaged in farming. Mr. Hilderbrandt died in 1878 and his wife in 1902. August Miller was one of the men who assisted in building up the village of Zumbrota. He is a kind and honest man and well liked by all who know him. A. J. Miller, one of the early pioneers of Zumbrota, was a native of England, born in Soutlifork, May 21, 1833. In that bonny corner of old England lie spent his early boyhood and at the age of twelve years came to this country and lived in New York until 1859, when he came west and took up a homestead in Goodhue county, five miles east of Zumbrota, where he lived for the remainder of his days. In the early times he ex- perienced all the hardships incident to pioneer life. He hauled his wheat to Lake City with a yoke of oxen, taking several days for each trip, and sleeping out of doors when night overtook him, letting the oxen forage as best they could on the grass along the trail — for road it could hardly be called in those days. Ready cash was serace, and Mr. Miller was glad to cut wood at twenty-five cents a cord. In the latter part of his life affairs took on a different aspect. Being a shrewd business man, he in- vested his money in real estate, and at his death left a fortune of $80,000, all gained by his own efforts. He died February 22, 1882, aged fifty years, nine months and one day, and was laid to rest in Mazeppa cemetery. A. J. Miller was married, October 27, 1861, to Amy A. Davis, of Chester Wabasha county, who proved a most able helpmeet in all his undertakings. Anton Grossbeck, whose farm lies largely within the village limits of Zumbrota, is of Teutonis origin, born in Germany, July HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 781 17, 1855. His parents, AYenzel and Frances Grossbeck, came to America in 1856, farmed near La Crosse, Wis., from that year until 1879, then moved to Wabasha county, this state, where the father ended his days as a farmer. The mother, now ninety-two years of age, makes her home with her son, Anton. The sub- ject of this sketch was educated- in the public schools of La Crosse, and assisted his father on the farm until 1877, when he came to Mazeppa, Minn., and purchased eigthy acres. To this tract he added from time to time until he owned 210 acres, largely timber land, which he cleared and prepared for crops, im- proving the place by erecting a pleasant home. In 1898 he sold out and purchased 110 acres within the village limits of Zum- brota. • In addition to this he owns seventy-one acres in section 30, Zumbrota township, near his village property. Here he carries on general farming. Mr. Grossbeck is a hard working, industrious man, and a law-abiding citizen, a genial companion and a loyal friend. He votes the Republican ticket, but has never cared to engage actively in political affairs. His wife, Sophia, whom he married October 23, 1895, was born in Pine Island township, January 24. 1857, daughter of Henry and Sophia Ahneman, natives of Germany. Mrs. Grossbeck is a thorough housekeeper, and a good wife. Arthur E. Mosher, of Zumbrota village, was born in Zumbrota township, May 11, 1871, and received his education hi the public schools. After finishing his schooling he engaged with his father in the harness business, to which enterprise a line of shoes was later added. He continued in this business until 1906, when he was appointed assistant cashier of the First State Bank of Zum- brota, proving himself so efficient, that after two months was elected cashier, which position of trust he held at the time of the consolidation, being now connected with the Security State Bank. He is also interested with Mark II. Powers in the insurance busi- ness. Mr. Mosher has been village treasurer two years, being also a member of the Modern Samaritans. He was married Janu- ary 25, 1901. at Winona, to Florence Angle, of Sparta, Wis., daughter of O. F. Angle, one of the prominent business men of that place. Mr. and Mrs. Mosher have three children — Geraldine, born February 9, 1903, and Dorothy, born May 15, 1906; Florence S., born August 3, 1909. Arthur E. Mosher is the son of William and Julia E. (Smith) Mosher, the former a native of New York state and the latter of Hartford, Conu. They came west in the early fifties and settled in Mazeppa, Minn. William E. Mosher, of Zumbrota village, was born in Onan- daga county, N. Y., March 11, 1843, son of John and Louisa (Marvin) Mosher, both natives of New York state. The father came west in the spring of 1859, locating at Chester, Wabasha 782 HISTORY OR GOODHUE COUNTY county, and purchased farm land on which he lived until 1871. when he retired from active labor and moved to Lake City, where he died October 28, 1875, the mother having passed away in 1850 in New York state. William E. received his early edu- cation in New York state, coming west with his father in 1859, where he assisted with farm work until the outbreak of the ( hvil War in 1861, when lie joined the union army, enlisting at Fort Snelling, October 15, 1861, in Company G, Third Minne- sota Volunteer Infantry, serving until January, 1861, when he reenlisted in same company ' remaining with his regiment until September 23, 1865, when he received his honorable discharge at Fort Snelling, when the regiment was mustered out. He was taken prisoner at Murfreesboro, Tenn., November 18, 1862, and was confined in a Southern prison when the Indian outbreak occurred. He was accordingly paroled, and sent to Minnesota to fight the Indians. While fighting in the. South he partici- pated in the siege of Vicksburg and, was also at the capture of Little Rock, and engaged in numerous other battles. After the war he returned to his farm in Chester. In the spring of 1866 he moved to Mazeppa and opening a harness shop, which he con- ducted until 1869, when he sold out and removed to Red AVing, engaging in the same business. In 1872 he left Red Wing, going to Zumbrota, where he followed his trade for one year, then went to Swift county and homesteaded 160 acres of land, which he proved up, worked and improved, erecting a home and other necessary buildings. He subsequently returned to Zumbrota and moved his family to Swift county, where they remained on the claim until 1878. Returning to Zumbrota, he again engaged in the harness business until the spring of 1907 under the firm name of AY E. Mosher & Son. Mr. Mosher still owns the store building. He is at present connected with the Butter and Eggs Company, of Red Wing, and has also been its buyer for the past five years. He has been oil inspector of the county for three years. Politically, he is a Republican and has been a member of the Ancient Order of United AVorkmen for twenty- eight, years. He belongs to the Scofield Post No. 121. G. A. R., is commander of the Post, and is also president of the Old Settlers’ Society of Goodhue county. Mr. Mosher was married October 15, 1867. at Mazeppa, to Julia Smith, of that place, daughter of W. B. and Mary (Bridges) Smith, both of New England stock, natives of Deep River, Conn. Upon coming west in 1857, they located in Mazeppa, Minn., where the father was a farmer and clerk. He died May 29, 1886, and the mother in 1866. both in Mazeppa. Mr. and Mrs. Mosher have four children— Jennie E„ born May 19, 1869, married A. E. Mclntire, connected with the St. Paul Daily News; Arthur E., born May HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY rybo l oO 11, 1870, is connected with the Security Bank of Zumbrota; Prof. AY. J., born January 29, 1876, graduated from the State University, and is a teacher in Red AVoocl Falls, Minn; Glen AY., born March 14, 1881, lives at ITnron, S. D., engaged in real estate business, the firm name being Wilson & Mosher. Mr. and Mrs. Mosher attend the Methodist Episcopal church. They are good citizens, and are highly esteemed by all who know them. Toger J. Hovland, of Zumbrota village, was one of those men whose deaths leave a real vacancy in the community. He was kind hearted and sincere, frugal and thrifty in his habits, yet generous to others, a faithful friends, a considerate husband and a loving father, a good citizen and a consistent Christian in every respect. Born January 6, 1843, at Sovde, Stavenger, he was brought up in a Christian home and attended the public schools. At twenty-four years of age, determined to seek the wider opportunities of the new world, he came to America and took up his residence at Keokuk, Iowa, in July, 1857. In August of the same year, he came up the river to Red AYing, and after residing there for a short time came to AYanamingo township and followed general farming until 1875, when he purchased a larger farm in Roscoe township. In 1905 he retired, and after purchasing a beautiful residence came to Zumbrota village, where he resided until called to his Heavenly rest and reward. Mr. Hovland was married, October 10, 1858, to Aasa AYaese, who came from Norway to America in 1857, about a year before her marriage. She is now living in her home in Zumbrota village, being made happy by the esteem and friendliness of her neigh- bors and the love of her children. She is still well and in the best of health, although more than seventy-five years of age, having been born in July 11, 1834. To Air. and Airs. Hovland were born eight children — Andrew lives in Zumbrota ; Cornelius lives in Roscoe, as does also Martin ; Henry lives in Duluth ; Oscar farms on the old homestead in Roscoe township ; Joseph lives in Duluth and Sarah and Bertha are at home. Henry W. Cooledge, a Civil AYar veteran, is a familiar fig- ure in Zumbrota, where he has been known as an old settler for many years. At Plymouth, AH., where he was born April 14, 1841, he spent his early boyhood, and at the age of seven came west with his parents, Oliver and Polly (AVheelock) Cooledge, who ended their days as farmers in Columbia county, AVis. In that county he received his education, and in 1865 came to Goodhue county, where he developed eighty acres of land. How- ever, in 1880, he was attracted to Appleton, Alinn., but his farm- ing operations came to an abrupt end there during the grass- hopper plague. Subsquently he engaged in the photograph busi- 784 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY ness in Zumbrota village for a short period, then took up the trade of harness making, which he continued until 1893, when he sold out to M. II. Barsfield and retired. His military career began in the winter of 1861, when he enlisted at Milwaukee in Company F, Eighteenth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, in which he served seven months, receiving his discharge at Corinth, Miss., in August, 1862, for disability. Mr. Cooleclge was married in 1863 to Rowena M. Nichols, by whom he had two children, Ada M., now of Minneapolis, and George W., noAV deceased. Mrs. Rowena Cooledge died May 22, 1892, at Zumbrota. Later Mr. Cooledge was married April 14, 1899, to Mrs. Alice (Cook) Nichols, daughter of Allen and Caroline (Cole) Cook, natives of Baltimore, Md., who came to Wisconsin in July, 1847, and there ended their days on a farm, the father, Allen Cook, a veteran of the Civil war, dying in March, 1873, and the mother in 1856. Mr. Cooledge lias served as city marshal in Zumbrota. He is a mem- ber of the I. 0. 0. F. and the G. A. R. and attends the Methodist Episcopal church. James H. Farwell was born in New Ipswich, N. H., May 16, 1847, and died February 18, 1909. He came to Zumbrota in the year 1869 and engaged in farming, but later devoted most of his time to his real estate and collecting business, in which he was engaged at the time of his death. He was married October 8, 1874, at Zumbrota to Emma A. Barrett, daughter of Albert and Lucy A. Barrett, who came to Zumbrota in 1857 and became pros- perous farmers. Mr. Barrett died in 1877 and Mrs. Barrett in 1901. Mr. and Mrs. James II. Farwell had one son, Albert B., born February 10, 1881, and one daughter, Edith L., born Oc- tober 10, 1884. Mr. Farwell was a Republican in his political views. He was one of the leading men in the village, prosperous and progressive, and for three years was its honored mayor. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity and the Modern Wood- men of America. His death left a real vacancy in the village, the general sentiment being that the community had indeed lost a true man and a noble character. Albert B. Farwell, of Zumbrota village, son of James FI. Far- well, was born February 10, 1881, in Zumbrota village, where he acquired his education. After his school days were over he en- tered his father’s office and engaged in the real estate and col- lecting business, which he has continued since his father’s death. He is a Republican, holding the office of constable, and is a mem- ber of the Knights of Pythias and the Masons. He is still single and one of the rising young men of the village. William Croxford, of Zumbrota village, was born October 15, 1863, in England, son of William and Lydia (Warren) Croxford, who came to America in 1884, settling in St. Paul, where his J. H. FARWELL HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 785 father followed liis trade as a carpenter until his death in July, 1904. The mother is still living. William received his education in England, where he learned the carpenter trade, and in 1882 came to America, locating at St. Paul, Minn. After following contracting until 1892, he came to Zumbrota, working at the same trade until 1901, when he became general manager of the P. G. Marvin Lumber Company, which position he still holds. In 1908, Mr. Croxford was elected president of the Zumbrota Clay Manu- facturing Company, and in February, 1909, general manager of that company. He was married at St. Paul, June 22, 1884, to Ellen Head, a native of England, who came to America in 1884. Mr. Head is dead, but Mrs. Head is still living. Mr. and Mrs. Croxford are the parents of four children : Lydia C., born July 3, 1885, married Josiah H. Lothrop, a farmer of Goodhue county; Albert W., born June 24, 1887, is now acting manager of the F. G. Marvin Lumber Company, of Zumbrota ; Hattie was born May 17, 1891, and Ellen G. was born August 22, 1895. The last two named are both at home. Politically, Mr. Croxford is a Repub- lican and has been clerk of the school board four years. He is an active member of the I. 0. 0. F., the M. W. A., and the Modern Samaritans. The family religion is that of the Methodist Epis- copal church. Ole N. Berg, of Zumbrota village, was born in Norway, Yestre Sliclre Valdres, April 12, 1863, son of Nels and Gertrude (Dok- ken) Berg, also native of Norway. The father died in 1875 and the mother in 1903. Mr. Berg received his education in Norway and emigrated to America in 1883, locating at Decorali, Iowa, where he was engaged in clerking for eight years. May 16, 1889, he was married to Marie Peterson, of Hospers, la., born October 5, 1865, daughter of John and Marit Peterson. The father died in 1900 and the mother is still living. In 1891 Mr. and Mrs. Berg moved to Montevideo, Minn., and in May, 1893, came to Zum- brota, where Mr. Berg entered into the general merchandise busi- ness, which he has since continued. At one time he was asso- ciated with L. J. Henning, of Zumbrota, and also with J. N. Banitt, at Goodhue, this county, in the same line of business. In 1907 he was elected director and second vice president of the First State Bank, of Zumbrota, which position he still holds, be- ing very highly esteemed. Mr. Berg is a self-made man. He is a member of the board of education. He and his wife are both members of the Lutheran church. They have three children: Nel- lie, born October 9, 1890 ; Ovidia, born April 14, 1893 ; and Alma, born October 6, 1899. Henry Bargsten, Zumbrota township, was born in Germany, March 14, 1863, son of Christ and Mary Bargsten, natives of Ger- many, who were farmers. The father died February 3, 1902, and 86 HI ST OB Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY the mother January 8, 1906. Henry received his education in Germany and came to America in 1887, locating in Goodhue town- ship, where he remained four years, after which lie came to Zum- brota township and purchased thirty acres of land, which he broke and cleared, building a home and other outbuildings. In 1907 he bought eighty acres of improved land adjoining and again in 1909 bought seven acres of timber land, also adjoining, making a nice farm of 117 acres, on which he has followed general farming and stock raising. He was married March 2, 1884, to Mary Bredehoft, daughter of Hans and Mattie (Tomhave) Bredehoft, natives of Germany, in which country they died. Mr. and Mrs. Bargsten have two children, Mary, who married Henry Rothgarn, living at Wabasha county, Hyde Park township, and Margaret, living at home. Mr. Bargsten paid a visit to his old home in Germany in 1901, returning in 1902. He is a Republican in his politics, has held the office of supervisor and road overseer for several years, and has been a member and director of the school board. He is interested in the Goodhue elevator. Mr. Bargsten has acquired what he noAv possesses by hard Avork, and the es- teem by which he is held in his community is clearly shown by the many offices to which he has been entrusted. The family attends the German Lutheran church. Alfred E. Collinge, of Zunlbrota village, was born August 10, 1871, son of Samuel and Hannah (Sutcliffe) Collinge, natives of England, who came to America in 1890, locating at Easton, Pa. In 1893 they came to Zumbrota, where the father engaged iu brickmaking for three years, after which he Avent to Ireland. The mother died in 1890. Alfred E. received his education in England, after which he took up brickmaking, and in 1890 lo- cated in Radford, Va., where he continued to work at his trade. In 1891 he went to Easton, Pa., and in 1893 came to Zumbrota, where he again engaged in brickmaking. After three years he started in the dray business, and in 1905 in the ice business. He also entered the Yanclusen Elevator Company, and 1908 Avas chosen its manager, which position he noAv holds. He still con- tinues the dray and ice business. The fraternal affiliations of Mr. Collinge consist of membership in the Modern Woodmen of America, of which he is clerk, the I. O. O. F., the Masons and the M. B. A. By his Avife, Matilda Person, a native of SAveden, avIio came to this country in 1893, Mr. Collinge has four children: Alfred, Hannah. Harry, and Mary Ann, all living at home. The subject of this sketch is a good citizen and capable business man, highly esteemed by his friends and acquaintances. Frank W. Fulkerson, of Zumbrota, was born at Hamilton, Madison county, New York, June 9, 1851, son of Stephen and Mary (Worthington) Fulkerson, natives of England and Ger- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 787 many, respectively. The father, who was a contractor and stone- cutter, died December 25, 1859, and the mother November 24, 1891. Frank W. received his education in New York, after which Ife followed farming until 1872, when he came west and for one year worked on the government survey of the Red River valley. In 1873 he came to Zumbrota and engaged in carpenter work and contracting, which he has since followed. Mr. Fulkerson was mar- ried February 2. 1878, to Viola Dickerson, daughter of A. J. and Hannah (Cooledge) Dickerson, the former of whom died in 1900 and the latter in 1866. Mr. and Mrs. Fulkerson are the parents of six children : Robert L., born February 13, 1879, is with C. A. Zimmerman, of St. Paul; Harold E., horn February 7, 1881, is with the Southern Pacific railroad at Oregon; Jay E., born Au- gust 29, 1885. graduate of the Minnesota University, is with the Cascade Lumber Company, of Washington state; Ruth E., born October 28, 1886, lives at home; Floyd F., born January 2, 1889, lives in North Dakota; Lois F., born December 10, 1890. lives at home. Politically, Mr. Fulkerson is an independent Republican, belongs to the Masons, the Modern Woodmen and the Modern Brotherhood. A sincere believer in education, he has given his children the advantage of a thorough school training. The fam- ily worships at the Congregational church. Lars J. Henning, of Zumbrota village, was born in Holden township, April 21, 1876, son of Peter and Gjertru Henning, both natives of Norway. They came to America many years ago, and' the father engaged for a time in teaching school. He was after- wards chosen manager for the Farmers’ Co-operative Store, known as “Dovre Handels Forening, ” a position he held for seven years. He then purchased his present store at Aspelund, where he is still engaged in the general mercantile business. Lars received his education in the public schools at Aspelund, in the Zumbrota high school, and later at the Red Wing Business College. In 1896 he became a silent partner of 0. N. Berg in the mercantile business, which partnership continued until 1900, when the firm’s name was changed to Berg & Henning. In 1902 Mr. Henning purchased Mr. Berg’s interest and has since continued the business alone, being very successful and making a specialty of handling poultry and farm produce. He also takes an active interest in the promotion of poultry raising throughout the coun- try. Mr. Henning was married June 25, 1903, at Zumbrota, to Gjerstine Svee. This union has been blessed with three children : Hulda, born June 6, 1904; Palma, born September 4, 1907, and Leslie, born July 11, 1909. Mr. Henning is a Republican in poli- tics, and a member of the Modern Samaritans and Modern Wood- men of America, in both of which organizations he has held sev- eral offices. 788 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Ole Kittleson, of Zumbrota township, son of Kittie and Berit (Loken) Kittleson, was born in Norway, November 25, 1843. His parents died in Norway, the father in 1884 and the mother in 1845. Ole received his education in Norway, and came to America in 1859, locating at Rock county, Wisconsin, where he worked on a farm for two years. He then Avent to Illinois, and engaged in farming, remaining six years, after which he came to Pine Island township, where he purchased 100 acres of improved land and folloAved general farming until 1881, Avhen he removed to Zumbrota and purchased a farm of 231 acres in section 34. Here he built a home and other outbuildings and has followed a general iine of farming. May, 1872, Mr. Kittleson Avas married to Julia Lee, daughter of Nels and Arnbor (Torkelson) Lee, na- tives of Norway, aaJio came to America in 1865, locating in Wis- consin and later removing to Pine Island, where they engaged in farming for six years, Avhen they came to Clay county, Avhere the father died in March, 1887, and the mother in 1903. Mr. and Mrs. Kittleson have had ten children : Bessie, married to Gustaf A. Nelson, of Minneola township; Nels, Cornelius and Julia, liv- ing at home; Josephine, married to Elba C. Harper, of Pine Island; Henry, of Cherry Grove; Theodore, of Spokane, Wash.; Emma and Emma (deceased), and Olaf, a medical student at the University of Minnesota. Mr. Kittleson is a Republican in his politics, but has never sought public office. He is a stockholder in the Farmers’ Elevator of Zumbrota, and the family attend the Lutheran church. Benjamin A. Kolbe, a Avell known shoe merchant of Zumbrota, Avas born in Minneola tOAvnship, March 27, 1867, and received his education in the public schools, engaging in farming until the year 1898, Avhen he removed to Zumbrota and engaged in the ice business for one year. Receiving the offer of a good position with'' the Plano Harvesting Company, he entered their employ, re- maining with them for four years, afterward becoming agent for the International Harvesting Company, for Avliom he worked for tAvo years, and then traveled two years for the J. I. Case Thresh- ing Machine Company. Being ambitions to get into business for himself, he purchased the boot, shoe and harness business of W. E. Mosher & Son, which he has since conducted with great suc- cess, being one of the prominent merchants in Zumbrota and making it his aim to carry only high-grade and standard goods. Mr. Kolbe Avas married October 15, 1891, to Anna Maher. Hav- ing no children of their own, they adopted a little girl, Marie, still living at home. Mrs. Anna Maher Kolbe died January 27, 1900, and Mr. Kolbe Avas married October 22, 1901, to Anna Zetz- man, by whom he has tAvo daughters: Myrtle, born in June, 1904, and Ruth, born in February, 1907. Mr. Kolbe is an independent HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 789 Republican. Both lie and bis wife attend the Lutheran church. His parents were Henry and Marie (Zimmerman) Kolbe, natives of Germany, who came to America, locating in Red Wing in 1859, removing to Hay Creek until the fall of 1865, when they pur- chased a farm in Minneola township, cultivating and improving it. In 1869 Mr. Kolbe met with a serious accident, having his leg cut off by a threshing machine and dying before medical as- sistance could reach him. Mrs. Kolbe was left with seven small children, whom by her thrift, industry and hard labor she edu- cated, besides managing her farm and paying off; a large mort- gage, thus making a home for herself and little one? Oscar 0. Larsen, M. D., of Zumbrota village, was born at Rush River, St. Croix county, Wisconsin, August 6, 1877. He attended the public schools of Rush River and after mastering the common branches, entered Luther College at Decorali, Iowa, where he obtained his degree of Bachelor of Arts, being distinguished for proficiency in his studies as well as for his good fellowship. De- ciding to take up the study of medicine, he entered the medical department of the State University, where he was graduated with high honors in 1907. Shortly after graduating he came to the village of Zumbrota and took up the active practice of his profession, meeting with great success, having a large and in- creasing practice, both in the city and country. He is now filling the position of county physician, and being thoroughly ethical in his practice, he has affiliated himself with the county, state and American medical associations. Dr. Larsen is of sterling charac- ter as a citizen, sympathetic and generous as a practitioner. He was married December 22, 1903, at River Falls, to Nora Isaacson Herum, daughter of Jeno and Carolina (Thoen) Isaacson, who were natives of Norway, and emigrated to America, locating in Pierce county and becoming prominent farmers. Her father is deceased, but her mother is still living* in River Falls. Mrs. Larsen is a graduate of the Lutheran Ladies’ Seminary of Red Wing. Dr. and Mrs. Larsen have three children: Erling IT., born January 23, 1904; Einar O., born September 29, 1906; and Harold A. C., born September 9. 1908. The doctor is a Republican in polities and he and his family are members of the Norwegian Synod church. His parents are Ole and Anna (Olson) Larsen, who were born in Norway, and emigrated to America in the late sixties, locating in Wisconsin. In 1876 they removed to Rush River, purchasing 160 acres of land, which they farmed and im- proved, carrying on general farming, being highly respected in the community wherein they reside. Oliver K. Anderson, of Zumbrota village, was born at La- crescent, Minn., December 15. 1856, son of William and Susan O. (Arnett) Anderson, natives of Ohio. They emigrated to Houston 790 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY county, Minnesota, in 1855, where the father followed his trade as carpenter until he died, January 2, 1901. The mother passed away December 25, 1886. Oliver received his education at La- crescent, after which he learned telegraphy and began his services for the C. & M. railroad in 1882. He was first stationed at Frontenac, Minn., where he remained until 1887, then went to Orient, S. D., until 1889, thence to Weaver, Minn., where he was stationed until 1892, when he came to Zumbrota, where he was engaged as station agent and operator, and where he still is. During all this time he has been with the C. & M. railroad, and has always performed his duties to the great satisfaction of the company. Mr. Anderson was married November 13, 1883, at Red Wing to Flora I. Spinney, who was also born in Minnesota, in the town of Florence. She was the daughter of J. D. and Lucania (Seavey) Spinney, who were natives of New Hampshire, and came to this county and located in Florence township in 1854, and for a number of years were engaged in milling, then en- gaged in farming, which they followed for forty years in the same place. The father died suddenly on a street ear at Seattle, Wash., where he had gone to visit his younger daughter. The mother died January 10, 1905. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson have four children: Earl F., born August 21, 1885, is a civil engineer of Seattle, Wash.; Pearl I., born March 6, 1886, is a teacher; Fred D., born October 15, 1889, is wireless operator on a boat from Seattle to Alaska ; and Florence R., born September 20, 1891, is a high school student. Mr. Anderson is a Republican in his poli- tics and has served on the village council -two years and on the school board for ten years. Fraternally, he affiliates with the Masons and the M. W. A. He and his family attend the Methodist Episcopal church. William J. McWaters, a native of Minneola township, now living in Zumbrota village, was born January 8, 1862, son of James and Esther (Kinneer) McWaters, of Ireland, who came to America in 1844 and located in New York state, where the father engaged in farming and railroading. Coming west in 1856 to Minneola township, they bought 160 acres of wild land, which they cleared and cultivated, following general farming until 1889, when they retired and moved to Zumbrota. William J. re- ceived his education in Minneola township and farmed with his father until twenty-four years old. He then went to Polk county, Minnesota, where from 1886 to 1894 he farmed 400 acres of land which he rented from his father. In 1894 he returned to the old homestead in Minneola township. This he purchased and has since continued to improve. June 19, 1890, he was married to Jennie IJaugan, daughter of Halvor and Anna ITaugan. They have two children: John E., born April 8, 1891, and William J., HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 791 born October 1, 1892. Both are at home. Mr. and Mrs. Mc- Waters now live on the farm in Minneola township. Mr. Mc- "Waters is a man of energy and deserves all the success won by him. He is a member of two fraternal organizations, the Red Men and the Modern Woodmen of America. He is a communi- cant of the Lutheran church, and politically associates with the Republican party. Mr. McWaters has served as town clerk and assessor, also as school clerk of district 66. Miner C. Morgan, of Zumbrota township, Teas born in Seneca county, New York, April 28, 1846, son of Charles and Elizabeth (Marlatt) Morgan, natives of New Jersey. The father was a machinist and patternmaker by trade. Both parents are de- ceased, Miner received his education in New York state and left school to enlist in the Union army at Trumansburg, N. Y.. in Company A. Fiftieth New York Volunteer Engineers as artificer, February 13, 1863. lie was discharged from the army June 13. 1865, at Fort Barre Va., when he returned to New York state, and December. 1865, went to Illinois. In March. 1867. he came with his brothers to Zumbrota township and purchased 160 acres of wild land, which they broke and improved, built a home and other outbuildings, and carried on general farming. In 1894 he bought his brother’s interest in the farm and lias since continued to do general farming. December 31, 1884. Mr. Morgan was married to Caroline A. Danielson, daughter of Henry and Elizabeth (An- derson) Danielson, farmers of Belvidere township. The father died March 6, 1909. but the mother is still living in Belvidere. Mr. and Mrs. Morgan had no children of their own, but had adopted a boy, Charles Kivett Morgan, who is now a civil en- gineer at Minneapolis. Mr. Morgan is a Republican in his politics and has served on the town board nine years, being chairman of the township for three years ; as well as a member of the school board for fourteen years. He is a member of the A. 0. U. W. and G. A. R. Post No. 121, and he and the family attend the Presbyterian church. John 0. Olsen, one of the prosperous merchants of Zumbrota. first saw the light of day in Chicago, February 8, 1878. His par- ents moved to Zumbrota in 1885, when John 0. was seven years old. He received his education in the public schools of Zumbrota and graduated from the high school. After leaving school he took a position as a clerk, which he retained until 1907, when he started out for himself, opening the City Grocery and Crockery store, in which he has been very successful, he being the sole owner and proprietor, carrying a full line of goods and enjoying a large village and country trade. He was married June 27, 1904, at Decorah, Iowa, to Marie Fossom, daughter of L. L. and Mollie Fossom, prominent farmers of Iowa, but now living in Decorah, 792 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY having retired from active business. Mr. and Mrs. Olsen have no children. Mr. Olsen is an independent voter, and is one of the volunteer firemen. Being an active church worker, he is presi- dent of the Young People’s League of Land’s (Norwegian Lu- theran) church, which he and his Avife attend. He owns t\vo lots in town and has a substantial home on "West avenue. John and Ingebor Olsen, parents of John 0. Olsen, and natives of Norway, came to America in 1872, locating in Chicago, where the father engaged in the custom tailor’s business until 1885, Avlien he re- moved his family to Zumbrota, folloAving the same trade. Both parents are still living. Paul Paulson, of Zumbrota village, _ was born in Wanamingo township, November 1, 1877, son of Bottolf and Julia Foss Paid- son, both natives of Nonvay, who came to America in the early sixties, locating in Wanamingo toivnship and purchasing a farm of 120 acres, which the father cultivated and improved, residing here until 1893, when he sold the farm and moved to Zumbrota, vdiere he purchased 168 acres of fine farm land. There he has since resided, carrying on general farming. Paul received his education in the public schools of Wanamingo and remained at home assisting his father until he ivas twenty-tivo years of age, when lie Ave.nt to Stevens county and engaged in farming until 1906. He then came to Zumbrota and took up the threshing business, Avhich he has folloived until the present time. He is also manager of the ILulbert Mills for the First State Bank of Zumbrota. Mr. Paulson was married December 24, 1899, to Emma Siebrecht, daughter of Henry and Catlierina (Augustine) Sie- brecht, natives of Germany, Avho for many years resided in Pine Island township, Avhere the father is engaged in farming, the mother having died July 17, 1907. Mr. and Mrs. Paulson have four children: Luella, Joseph, Roy, and Norman, all living at home. Mr. Paulson is a Republican and he and his family attend the German Lutheran church. He has never sought public office, devoting all his time to his family and farm. Henry L. Pengilly, of Zumbrota township, was born in July, 1839, and came to Racine, Wis., April 7, 1849. He received his education in the schools of Racine county, and after leaving school took up farming until' in 1861. He cast his first vote in 1860 for Abraham Lincoln, and November 8, the next year, en- listed in Company G, Second Wisconsin Cavalry, as private. He Avas discharged December 8, 1863, for injury received by falling from a horse at Springfield, Mo. He then returned to Union Grove, where he had enlisted, and September 3, 1864, re-enlisted in Company H, First Wisconsin Heavy Artillery, and served un- til the end of the war, receiving his discharge July 13, 1865, at Milwaukee, Wis. He Avas wounded several times. After the HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 793 war lie returned to Union Grove, Wis., and helped in the harvest until September, 1865, when he came to Zumbrota township, and in the spring of 1866 purchased eighty acres on section 1, built a home and other outbuildings, broke and improved the land, and followed general farming. Mr. Pengilly was married July 20, 1863, at Racine, Wis., to Mary Jane Putnam, a daughter of Aaron Putnam, a direct descendant of Israel Putnam. The mother was Martha Youman. Mr. and Mrs. Pengilly have had twelve children : Marian, married David Hancock, of Racine county, Wisconsin; Grace, Ruth A. and Olive live at home; Aaron H., lives in Beer Valley, Minnesota; Sarah, married John Ahl- grim, of Goodhue village; Mary Jane, lives in Buffalo, Minn.; Earnest Emmet, also lives in Buffalo, Minn. ; Ulysses G., lives in Minneapolis ; Clara is a teacher ; Maud and Minor are deceased. Mr. Pengilly is a Republican in his political views and is a mem- ber of A. F. and A. M. of Mazeppa, and I. 0. 0. F. of Red Wing, of which latter organization he has been a member for forty years. The family are members of the Congregational church at Mazeppa. Martin H. Satren, a general merchant of Zumbrota, and one of the leading business men of the village, was born in Minneola township, April 20, 1874, and is eminently a self-made man. His early days were passed in the district schools of Minneola, and in working on the faiun, but being desirous of advancing himself by obtaining a better education he entered the Normal school at Madison, Minn. , and afterward took a course in a business col- lege at Minneapolis. After leaving college he clerked in a gen- eral store for nine years, and in 1903, having acquired a full knowledge of the business, started out for himself by opening a store of his own. He has been very successful and has built up a large business. Mr. Satren is the son of Hogen and Mattie Satren, both natives of Norway, who came to this country in the late forties, locating on a farm in Minneola township, where the father died May 6, 1889. The mother is still living there with her son Louis. Martin H. has three brothers : Louis lives on the homestead, while Richard and Hogen are at Wanamingo. He had one sister. Hannah, who is deceased. Charles J. Zemke, of AVhite Willow village, Zumbrota town- ship, was born in Goodhue township September 26, 1876, son of Herman and Amenia (Schultz) Zemke, both natives of Prussia, Germany, who emigrated to America in the early sixties, locating in Wisconsin. Here they remained one year, then removing to Zumbrota township, where they rented a farm. In 1876 they moved to Goodhue township, purchasing eighty acres of land, which the father soon broke, cultivated and improved, engaging in general farming ever since. He has purchased 460 more acres, 94 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY also owning a half section in North Dakota. The mother died, but the father is still living in Goodhue township. After leaving school he worked on his father’s farm until he was twenty-one years of age, and then accepted a position as clerk in Zumbrota, which he held for one year. In 1898 he opened a mercantile store at White Willow, Zumbrota township, which he has continued to conduct very successfully ever since. He is manager of the branch of the Minnesota Malting Company which is located at White Willow, and in addition to his other property owns the building occupied by his store, also one-lialf share of a coal busi- ness. He was married in 1899 to Mary Q'uast, daughter of Cord Quast, a prominent farmer of Zumbrota township. Mr. Zemke held the office of postmaster at White Willow as long as that office was in existence, and was also the White Willow agent for the Great Western railroad for seven years. He is an enterpris- ing and successful merchant, carrying a general stock. He is Republican in politics and attends the Lutheran church. Mr. and Mrs. Zemke have three children : Irene, Lydia and Herbert, all living at home. Giles Hayward, an honored old settler of Pine Island, was born in England in 1829, son of Thomas and Mary (Watts) Hay- ward, with whom he lived until twenty years of age. Upon reaching Milwaukee in 1850 he remained a short time and then Avent to Whitewater, Wis., later Avorking in the lumber mills of Menominee, that state, until 1854, when he made a short trip to England. He returned to America in 1855, remained a short time in Winona, and April 23, 1855, landed in Red Wing. April 26 of the same year he took up a claim of 160 acres in Roscoe town- ship, broke and improved the land and there remained fifteen years. He then engaged in the flour business Avith J. A. Tarbox for several years, but subsequently sold out and purchased 160 acres in Pine Island township, which he still owns. About ten years ago he retired, turned the management of the farm over to his son, and erected his present comfortable home on Prospect Hill, within the limits of the village corporation. For tAvo years Mr. Hayward served as street commissioner. He has also been chairman of the township board, assessor and school director. Mr. Hayward was married in 1859 to Priscilla C. Danford, who died in May, 1902. To this union Avere born six children : Clara C. married George Darknell. a farmer, now in Washington. Walter and Wallace are twins. Walter lives in Fairfield, Wash., where he is a farmer and elevator man. AYallace lives in Pine Island and OAvns a farm. Mary married J. C. Robinson, of Pine Island. Fred E. conducts the home farm. Giles died at the age of two years. The family faith is that of the Episcopal church. F. E. Hayward, a Avell known farmer of Pine Island township. Giles A. Hayward and Family HISTORY OP GOODHUE COUNTY 795 Avas born in Roscoe township, August 24, 1869, son of Giles and Priscilla Hayward, natives of England. F. E. Hayward received bis education in the common schools of the township, and later attended the high school of Pine Island. After leaving school he Avorked hi W. W . Jewell’s drug store for five years, after Avhicli he returned to the farm, Avhicli he has since conducted, carrying on general farming and stock raising. He has a fine farm of 160 acres, all under cultivation, Avit.h a good house, barn and other buildings. Henry Tome, an old pioneer settler of Pine Island Adllage, AA^as born at Corydon, Pa., February 25, 1835. His father, Benja- min Tome, Avas by occupation a lumberman. Both his father and mother, Cyntha. (Gibbs) Tome, Avere native Pennsylvanians. A common school education and a fair share of Avork for his parents fell to his lot as a youth. When barely twenty years of age we find him making a journey from in front of his father’s house at Corydon to Red Wing, Minn., by raft as far as Louisville, Ky., and thence by boat, traversing the Allegheny, Ohio and Missis- sippi rivers. He reached Pine Island, which consisted of a solitary pre-emption shanty, at the time the government surveyors were making the original survey. He selected a 160-acre tract of land, upon which he built a shanty, and after occupying it the required time, Avalked to the government land office at AYinona and pre- empted his claim. Later he sold this and bought eighty acres near the village, Avliich he operated as a farm, building in the vil- lage a home that he has continuously improved and occupied. In 1858 he married Eliza, daughter of Moses and Martha (Culver) Jewell. To them five children Avere born : Clara, Avife of J. B. Fowler, noAv with the St. Paul postoffice department; Sadie E., AAufe of LI. T. Banks, freight agent of the Chicago & NortliAvestern radway at Rochester; Myrta and Cyntha (deceased) ; and George II. , the present postmaster at Pine Island. Besides his farming- interests, Mr. Tome conducted a meat market in the village for a number of years and also engaged as a stock buyer. Has served as deputy sheriff and as constable the greater part of the time that the village has had a name. He Avas appointed postmaster July 1, 1880, and excepting the periods of Cleveland’s administra- tions served until 1906. Mr. Tome is a member of the Territorial Pioneer Association and has been a member of the Masonic order since 1868. He is considered a force to be reckoned with in local politics and is Avell versed in state and national issues, and has some fame as a political forecaster. Mr. Tome in personality is unassuming, accommodating, conciliatory and is not grasping or greedy. Although never a dollar hunter, Mr. Tome is in com- fortable circumstances, owning, in addition to his interests in the village, 120 acres of timber near the A'illage and a good quarter 796 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY section in North Dakota. As an apiarist and small fruit grower, his later leisure years have been rounded out. Mr. Tome resigned as postmaster and his son George H. was appointed to succeed him July 1, 1906. The son was educated in Pine Island schools and was at the time of his appointment practically in charge of the postoffice, the splendid service of which is owing to his ef- ficient management. George H. was married December 17, 1908, to Lenora B. Clark, daughter of H. G. and Elenora (Dickey) Clark, of Zumbrota. Is a member of Pine Island I. O. 0. F. lodge and Commercial Club and stands in the front ranks of Pine Island’s progressive citizens. A. F. Reiter, the senior member of the firm of Reiter Bros., of Pine Island, was born in Wabasha county, Minnesota, August 24, 1873, son of Julius Reiter, a native of Germany. The parents came to this country in 1868 and located near Pottsdam, Minn., where they lived five years, later removing to Plainview, Minm, where they purchased land and engaged in general farming and stock raising. They are both living but have retired from active life. A. F. Reiter was one of twelve children : William 0., Au- gusta. Julius J., Ernest II., August, Edward, Bertha, Annie, Al- bert, Laura, Ida and George. A. F. Reiter received his education in the public school and attended the high school, later taking a course at Darling’s Business College at Rochester, Minn. After finishing his studies he returned home and worked on the farm for one year, after which he was employed as clerk in his brother’s store at Rochester. After four years of clerking, he came to Pine Island and opened a general store under the firm name of Reiter and Lucas, continuing for one year, when he took in as a partner his brother Julius J., and the firm was known as Reiter Bros., under which name it is now conducted. One year later his brother E. F. becasie a partner. They carry a full line of dry goods, groceries, gentlemen’s furnishings, boots and shoes, and have built up a large and flourishing trade in the village and surround- ing country. Mr. Reiter was married in September, 1897, to Louise Rabehl, daughter of Carl Rabehl. of Rochester, Minn., a native of Germany, who came to America and located in Roches- ter, where he acquired land and engaged in farming, where they still reside. Mr. and Mrs. Reiter have three children: Carl, Alfred, Francis, all at home. Mr. Reiter is a Democrat in his politics. He has been a member of the village council for the past five years and holds the office of treasurer. He and his family attend the German Lutheran church. Charles H. Leavitt, Pine Island township, is one of those men to whom increasing years have brought increased honor, and to whom maturing age has brought ripened judgment. He has served on the board of supervisors eleven years, being chairman HISTORY OP GOODHUE COUNTY 797 eight years. For the long period of sixteen years he worked faithfully as president of the village school board, and his de- cisions as justice of the peace for ten years have been just, yet ever tempered with good sense. Mr. Leavitt was born in Strat- ford, Fulton county, New York, April 29, 1834, and received his education in the common schools, after which he became a teacher, instructing country schools five terms before he was twenty-one years of age. He came to Pine Island township in 1864, and after one year on a farm went to the village and re- mained twenty years. For ten years he managed a grocery store of his own, and for a long period acted as agent for farm ma- chinery and windmills. Along about the middle of the eighties he took up farming on his present place, where he owns 160 acres which he has improved and brought to a high state of cultiva- tion, building a nice home and commodious outbuildings and carrying on general farming. In 1859 he was married to Elvira L. Gould, who died December 4, 1860, leaving one daughter, Elvira, who is living at present with her father. On January 15, 1861, he was married to Sarah C. Gould, sister of his first wife, by whom they have four children, Carrie, Bennett, Nettie and Jennie. Elvira married John 'W’eckerling, of Reeseville, Wis., they having four children, viz. : Helen, Burton, Milford and Laura. Carrie married Frank Mott, of Pine Island, and has one son, Willis. Bennett lives at home. Nettie married George Dick- inson, who comes of one of the pioneer families of the county. They have three children, Lyle, Burton and Ora. Jennie is the wife of Thomas Congdon, of Ilibbing, Minn., and has four chil- dren, Bennett, Ora, Alice and Thomas. Justus B. and Ruby (Vos- seller) Leavitt, parents of Charles II. Leavitt, were natives of Connecticut and New York state respectively, and in the latter state spent the larger part of their lives together. The father was a school teacher and county judge, also doing some farming. He died at the age of thirty-five, but the mother lived to be ninety- five years of age before passing to her eternal reward. Louis Starz, of Pine Island township, was born in Minneola township, August 29, 1861, son of J. J. Starz He was educated in the common schools of the township and Zumbrota, and after- ward attended Mount Pleasant College in Iowa. Upon leaving school he entered into business in Zumbrota, and conducted a general store for twenty years, being very successful. In 1902 he purchased 200 acres of land in Pine Island township and en- gaged in general farming and dairying. He has built a fine home and barn with basement 40x80, and has all his land under culti- vation with the exception of about twenty-five acres, which is timber. Mr. Starz has been twice married. His first wife, by whom he has three children, died in 1892, and in 1894 he was ros HISTORY OP GOODHUE COUNTY married to Emma Pulls, by whom he has one child, Dora. Of these four children, Louise is Mrs. Stellar, of Roscoe, Avhile Ar- thur, Evan and Dora are at home. Mr. Starz is Republican and was a member of the village council while at Zumbrota. He is now serving on the town board as clerk, which office he has held for the past four years. John Svee, of Pine Island township, who was born in Norway, October 9, 1855, came to Goodhue county in 1875 and settled in Pine Island township, doing general work such as chopping, grub- bing and farming until 1885, when he purchased his present farm of seventy-four acres. Of this fifty acres is tillable, and here Mr. Svee carries on general farming and stock raising, making a specialty of selling cream. Being the father of a large family of children, he has naturally been interested in school matters and has served many terms on the school board. In 1885, the year that he purchased his present farm, he was married to Bertha Rocky, by whom he has had eleven children, ten of whom are living. They are: Emma, Henry, Julius, Julia, Lena, Arthur, Bernice, Marshall, Tena and Celia, all of whom are at home. The family attends the Norwegian Lutheran church in Zumbrota. Mr. Svee is a hard working man, and has reason to be proud of the fact that he has secured all that he owns by his hard work, hon- esty and frugality. Lewis Scofield, a Pine Island dairyman, was born in Pine Island township, November 2, 1872, son of Henry and Jane C. (Murray) Scofield. He received his education in Zumbrota and worked at farming for some years before purchasing his present place of forty acres of improved land, on which he conducts stock raising and dairying, for which purpose he keeps from twenty- five to thirty cows. He was married in 1902 to Nora E. Judd, daughter of Lewis and Cornelia I. (Russell) Judd. In politics Mr. Scofield is a Republican. J. C. Dickey, of Pine Island township, was born in Madison county, New York, August 27, 1838. IT-is parents, Sylvester and Harriett (Alexander) Dickey, were born in New York, the former January 18, 1807, and the latter, who came of the old Davidson family, December 11, 1814. Upon their arrival in Goodhue county in 1858 they bought land in Pine Island township and followed farming up to the time they died, the former June 15, 1892, and the latter May 16, 1898. J. C. Dickey spent his boyhood with his father on the farm. In the fall of 1861, at the beginning of the Civil war, he enlisted in Company A, Second Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, and spent the winter in Washington, being later at- tached to McDowell’s corps of the Army of the Potomac. He took part in the battle of Antietam, where he was wounded. After being discharged at David’s Island, New York, he returned J. C. Dickey HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 799 home and took up farming until 1865, when he re-enlisted in Company I, Twenty-third Illinois Volunteer Infantry. He was discharged in July, the same year, returned home and again re- sumed general farming, which he has since continued, making a specialty of raising sheep, of which he owns a flock of 500 or more. He has a fine farm of 160 acres, a comfortable home and first-class buildings. March 30, 1869. Mr. Dickey was married to Sarah Steele, daughter of John and Sarah Steele, natives of Wis- consin. Mr. and Mrs. Dickey have had two children : Earle is dead. Bruce, born April 25, 1881, is in the government service, having been stationed in the Philippines as assistant cashier in the custom house for the past ten years. His granddaughter, Ella, lives in Dodge Centre, Minn., with her mother. Harold E. died August 22, 1905. F. W. Cate, a prosperous Pine Island farmer, was born in Pine Island township, August 12* 1864, son of Isaac and Caroline (Young) Cate, natives of New Hampshire, who came to Minnesota in 1856 and took up a homestead, which they broke and culti- vated, carrying on a general line of farming. The father served in the Civil war and died at Fort Snelling in 1864. The mother died in 1895. They had ten children, of whom eight are living. F. W. Cate was educated in the common schools and has always been a farmer. He purchased his father’s farm and in 1901 bought the Farrington forty acres, and again hi 1907 purchased sixty-nine acres near Pine Island village, where he moved in 1909. He now carries on general farming, dairying and raises sheep, owning a flock of about 200. The Cate homestead is still in the family, having never changed hands. Mr. Cate was married No- vember 1. 1888, to Mary Drazan. Their only daughter, Teressa P., married Leon Klingsporn, and has one daughter. Blanche P., born February 3, 1909. Mr. and Mrs. Klingsporn reside on the old homestead. Mr. Cate is a member of the Modern Woodmen of Pine Island, and in his politics is a Republican. Oliver Berg, of Pine Island township, was born in Dane county, Wisconsin, November 13, 1850, son of Thomas and Turi (Hoff) Berg, who came in the early days to Dane county, and in 1860 to Goodhue county, where they pre-empted land in Pine Island town- ship and engaged in farming until they died; the father in 1891 and the mother in 1899. They had a family of four children: Ole F., of Cherry Grove township ; Oliver, the subject of this sketch; Isabelle, now Mrs. Slette, of Faribault county, and Anna, married Ole Winger and lives in Virginia. Oliver was educated in the common schools and attended high school for two years. After leaving school he returned home and engaged in farming, which he has since continued. He has 190 acres of land, of which ninety acres is under cultivation, and on this property he conducts 800 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY general farming and dairying. In 1886 lie was married to Carrie Ringdahl, daughter of Mathias and Isabelle (Satren) Ringdahl, the former of whom, also known as Mathias Pederson, will ever be held in honored memory as the first Norwegian in the county. To Mr. and Mrs. Berg have been born five children: Myrtle, Olga, Edel and Inga, all at home, and Thorvald, deceased. Mr. Berg has served as town clerk for some years and is now serving as assessor. He is president of the Farmers’ Elevator and a di- rector of the Farmers’ Insurance Company of Goodhue county. In politics Mr. Berg is an independent voter. Charles W. Perry, of Pine Island township, was born in Ger- many, January 17, 1842, son of Christ Perry, and in 1855 came to America and settled in Ohio, where he remained for five years. In 1860 he came to Minnesota and located in Pine Island town- ship, where he bought 160 acres of land, which he improved and prepared for cultivation. Here he built his home, hauling all the lumber from Red AVing for the purpose. AVlien he had harvested his crops he hauled them to Red AVing and Lake City with ox team, and spent many nights on the prairie. His efforts have prospered and he now has a fine farm with good buildings and carries on general farming, dairying and stock raising. All of his land; with the exception of fifty acres, is under cultivation. His son, to whom he has presented eighty acres, also carries on general farming. In 1869 C. AV. Perry was married to Bertha Kumbier, by whom he has had ten children : Frank manages the farm; Emma, married AVilliam Schumacher, of Lake City; Au- gusta, married AVilliam Coilinge, of Zumbrota; August and John are deceased ; Carl lives in St. Paul ; Anna married Albert Ilirke, of Pine Island; Bertha, Louise, and Minnie, at home. Mr. Perry is a Republican in his politics, and he and his family attend the Lutheran church. Benjamin Lewis, of Pine Island township, was born in Nor- way, June 21, 1846, son of L. C. and Annie (Moe) Lewis, who came to America in 1875 and settled in Zumbrota, where they engaged in farming. The mother died in 1888 and the father in 1905. Benjamin Lewis received his education in the public schools of Norway, and came to this country hi 1866, settling in Zum- brota township, where he bought land and engaged in farming. In 1875 he went to Pine Island township, where he has eighty acres, of which seventy is under cultivation, on which he follows general farming and raises stock. In 1873 Mr. Lewis ivas married to Mattie Pederson, and they have five children: Adolph, farmer; Melvin, assistant postmaster at Pine Island; Carl, Arthur and Amanda, who are at home. Two children died, at the ages of fifteen and four years, respectively. Mr. Lewis has a nice farm, ivell improved, and a fine home. He is Republican in his politics HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 801 and lias been a member of the school board for the past fifteen years. He is also road overseer. The family attends the Lu- theran church. Henry Ahneman, of Pine Island township, was born in Fond du Lac., Wis., February 1, 1854, son of Henry and Sophia (Pultz) Ahneman, natives of Mecklenburg. Germany, who came to Amer- ica in 1852 ; and in 1856 to Pine Island township, where they pre- empted eighty acres of land and engaged in farming. The father died in 1906 and the mother in 1893. They had a family of nine children, all of whom except, one are living. Henry was educated in the common schools of the township and worked with his father on the farm. He now has eighty acres of improved land adjoining his father’s land and follows general farming. He still lives with his brother and sister on the old homestead. In politics he is an independent voter, casting his ballot for the candidate whom he deems best fitted to serve in public office. Julius C. Johnson, of Pine Island township, was born in Eau Claire county, Wis., May 26, 1866, son of Christ and Ingre (Simonson) Johnson, natives of Norway, who came to America and in 1852 settled in Stoughton, Wis., where' they remained eight years, the father being employed as blacksmith. In 1860 they moved to Eau Claire, Wis., where the father was head black- smith for a large lumber company until 1867. The family then removed to Goodhue county and purchased land in Pine Island township, where the father engaged in general farming and also conducted a blacksmith shop in partnership with his brother. There were five children in the Johnson home : Dorothea, Julia, Caroline, Rachel and Julius. The father died in 1891 and the mother still lives on the homestead with her son. Julius attended the common schools and worked on the farm, taking entire charge of the home place at the death of his father. His farm consists of 160 acres of well improved land, a pleasant home, good out- buildings, and on which lie conducts general and diversified farming and dairying. In politics he is a Republican. The family attends the Lutheran church at Zumbrota. J. B. Closner, of Pine Island village, was born in Green county, Wisconsin, January 8. 1855, son of Christian and Catherine (Buh- ler) Closner, natives of Switzerland, who emigrated to America in 1848, locating in Green county, AYisconsin, where the father was engaged as cooper and later as a farmer. In 1855 they came to Minnesota, pre-empted land in Dodge county, and engaged in farming for a period of thirteen years. In 1868 they removed to Plymouth county, Iowa, where they still reside. J. B. Closner attended the common schools for a short time, but is practically self-educated, having acquired the larger part of his knowledge by experience and observation. He has been engaged the greater 802 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY part of his time in buying live stock around Pine Island and Zumbrota, but has made his home in Pine Island, where he has built a home and resided for twenty-nine years. He has also dealt extensively in cheese, butter and eggs for a number of years. He now rents a dairy farm of 177 acres of land in Olm- stead county, which His sons manage. December 25, 1877, he Avas married to Magdalen Stempfly, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. B. Stempfly, natives of Ohio. They have six children: Ida, now of North Dakota; Edward G., of North Dakota; Catherine, now of Pine Island; Marjory, of Dodge county; Albert and J. B., at home. Mr. Closner is Avell and favorably knoAvn throughout the county. He has always taken an active interest in the affairs of the community in which he lives, and has served as deputy sheriff for four years, also as justice of the peace for several years, and member of the village council. He belongs to several fraternities, the I. 0. 0. F., the A. 0. U.'W. and the M. W. A. and the E. F. U. In politics, he is independent. Warren W. Cutshall, of Pine Island village, was born in Craw- ford county, Pennsylvania, March 26, 1835, son of George and Jane Cutshall, natives of Pennsylvania, avIio later removed to Ohio, where they died. The father was a carpenter and joiner. Warren W. received his education in the common schools and at the age of fifteen years began to Avork at his father’s trade, Avhich he folloAved for twenty years. In 1864 he came to Pine Island and engaged at his trade. In 1872 he bought a saAv mill and be- gan the manufacture of lumber. He retired in 1907, selling all the machinery but retaining the building. When he first came to Pine Island, forty-five years ago, he erected a small house in the woods, and in this lived for some time, but later built a fine home. He iioav owns 133 acres of land in Pine Island and Roscoe townships, besides fifteen acres in the city limits. He Avas mar- ried to Mary M. Dellamater, and to them were born three chil- dren. Leverett is dead; Della M., Avho lives at home, married Frank Howard, a traveling salesman. The third child died in infancy. Mr. Cutshall is a Prohibitionist in his politics, and at one time served as school treasurer, but lias never sought public office. Cornel Clementson, supervisor of Pine Island township, was born in the township, May 30, 1865, son of Knute and Julia (Hoff) Clementson, natives of NorAvay, who in 1856 came to Pine Island township, Avhere they pre-empted 120 acres of land and engaged in farming. In 1902 they retired and moved to Zumbrota village, where they reside. Cornel Clementson received his education in the schools of the township, after which he en- gaged in farming. He has a fine farm of 300 acres, has made part of the improvements on the place, and has a good house and hs ■ Jijijii ||l|l ini ■ilf K!. MP Blip* «f®l 111 Bi ll I nltf W^ISESI Robinson s Residence HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 803 buildings. He carries on general farming and stock raising, also dairying, for which purpose he keeps from fifteen to twenty cows. In November, 1904, he was married to Vina Hoff, daughter of Andrew and -Jennie Hoff. They have two children: Conrad and Gernelia. Mr. Clementson is a Republican in his political views and has held his present office of town supervisor for five years. He is also clerk of the school board of his district. The family attends the Lutheran church. George W. Hayward, of Pine Island village, was born in Dorchestershire, England. September 23, 1835, son of Thomas and Mary (Watts) Hayward, natives of England, who are now deceased. George AY. received his education in the common and higher schools of England, and at the age of nineteen he and his brother Gilis came to America and located at Pine Island town- ship April 25, 1855. He pre-empted 160 acres of land, which he broke and improved, and added later eighty acres more, carry- ing on general and diversified farming and stock raising. In 1889 he retired, rented his farm, and purchased a home in Pine Island village, where he now resides. Mr. Hayward has been married three times. In 1858 he was married to Lavina Rhein- hart, of Pine Island. Two children were born : Alfred W., of Pine Island, and Alice C., married Arthur Darknell, dealer in real estate in St. Maries, Idaho. In 1874 Mrs. Lavina Hayward died. In 1877 he married Sarah A. Marsh, native of England, by whom he had four children : Lavina B. is dead ; Bertram S. lives in Washington; George I. is a civil engineer, now located at Liv- ingston, Mont., for the Northern Pacific railroad. He graduated from the University of Minnesota in 1906. Erie W. is dead. Mrs. Sarah Hayward died in December, 1889. and on February 24, 1892, Mr. Hayward was married to Mrs. Marion Morehouse, of Pine Island, widow of Capt. A. Morehouse, of Company II, Fifth Minnesota AMlunteer Infantry. Mrs. Hayward has one daughter, Georgia (Morehouse) Irish, of Wapalo, Wash. Mr. Hayward is a Democrat. He has served on the village council two terms, has been chairman and supervisor of the township and chairman of the school boaixl. No less than five times he has crossed the Atlantic, visiting his old home in England. The family faith is that of the Episcopal church. R. J. Robinson, of Pine Island village, was born in Roscoe township, August 6, 1863, soxx of Thomas and Martha (Jackson) Robinson, natives of England, where they were married, and together they came to the United States in 1860 and engaged in farming in Roscoe township. The father died in March, 1896, and the mother the following August. R. J. Robinson was edu- cated in the conxmon schools of the township and stayed at hoxxxe until his parents’ death, when he engaged in farxxxing for him- 804 : HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY self. He was married in 1897 to Mary B. Hayward, who was also born in Roseoe township, daughter of Gilis and Priscilla (Dun- ford ) Hayward, also natives of England. She was a graduate of the Pine Island high school, and taught for a number of years. He purchased 253 acres of land in Pine Island township, where they moved in 1900. He also has thirty-eight acres in Roseoe township and a fruit farm in Kenwick, Benton county, Wash- ington. He carries on general farming, dairying, stock and poul- try raising. They have an elegant brick home, and all the out- buildings are good, Mr. Robinson having made all the improve- ments on the buildings and land. Mr. and Mrs. Robinson have four children: Cora B.,- Roy II., Ruth P., and Violet P. Their home is inside the corporate limits of the village, and Mr. Robin- son is a member of the village school board and secretary of the Farmers’ Creamery Company. The family attends the Episcopal church. In polities Mr. Robinson is a Republican. Luther B. Hudson, of Pine Island village, was born in New York in the town of Springwater, May 14, 1827, son of Joel and Sarah (Hover) Hudson, natives of New York state. The mother died February 28, 1874, and the father November 23, 1892. Luther B. received his education in the public schools and worked on the farm until 1856, then he left the home in New York and emigrated west. He came to Pine Island and purchased 240 acres of land, which he broke, cleared and cultivated, carrying on a general line of farming and stock raising. In 1866 he sold this farm, bought another of 160 acres in the same township, moved to the village of Pine Island and has lived there ever since. He and his Avife have celebrated their silver and golden weddings in the same house and had 103 guests at the golden wedding. Mr. Hudson was married April 4, 1859, to Mary Ann Freeman, of Montvill, Madina county, Ohio, daughter of Reuben and Lydia Ann (Denton) Freeman, natives of New York state. The father was a farmer and came west with the family from Ohio to Garna- villo, Clayton county, Iowa, lived there four years, then moved to Minnesota in 1854, where he owned half a section of land. He was a magnetic healer and lived and practiced about twenty yeai’s in Minneapolis. He built up a very large practice. He died June 7, 1887, and the mother died April 25, 1865. Five chil- dren blessed the union of Mr. and Mrs. Hudson : Frank R., born July 19, 1861, is now a barber of Chicago ; Willie A., born August 7, 1865, is a farmer; Lillie, born September 3, 1871, died in in- fancy; Lydia May, born October 24, 1871, adopted child, died July 6, 1876 ; Joel was born November 5, 1873, and died January 31, 1874; Calnod B. was born February 9, 1877, and died Janu- ary 30, 1880. Mr. Hudson is a Republican and has been road- Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Uobinson / W. W. Jewell HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 805 master for a number of years. The family faith is that of the Episcopal church. Leon L. Cornwell, of Pine Island village, was born in Olm- stead county, Minnesota, October 12, 1872, and was educated in the common schools of the county, and at Carleton college in Northfield. After completing his studies he taught for twelve years, being superintendent of the schools of Fountain, Fillmore county, and Minnesota, Lyon county. In November, 1903, he was elected cashier of the Citizens’ State Bank of Pine Island, Avhich position he still holds. He was one of the organizers of the Zumbro Falls State Bank, August 5, 1907, and was elected president, which office he also still holds. Mr. Cornwell was mar- ried on August 28, 1895, to Mattie Sinclair, of Byron, Minn., daughter of George and Rebecca (Fisher) Sinclair, natives of Maine and Indiana. They came west in 1863, bought land and engaged in farming until the death of the father in 1897. The mother is still living at Byron, Minn. Mr. and Mrs. Cornwell have one child, Dorothy M., born June 5, 1899, now attending school. In politics Mr. Cornwell is a Republican. He is a public spirited citizen, has taken an active interest in the affairs of the village, and has held several positions of public trust and honor, having been treasurer of the village, treasurer of the cemetery association, secretary of the board of education, secretary of the Commercial Club, and trustee of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is a member of the Masonic Lodge, No. 37. Thomas and Clarissa (Spencer) Cornwell, parents of L. L. Cornwell, were na- tives of New York, where they were farmers. They came west in 1856 and located in New Haven, Minn., where they took up a homestead of 160 acres of land. This the father cleared and prepared for cultivation, and added more land to his farm until he had 440 acres, on which he conducted farming and stock rais- ing. He retired in 1894 and moved to Pine Island village, where he purchased a comfortable home, in which he and his wife still reside. W. W. Jewell, a prosperous druggist of Pine Island, was born in Dane county, Wisconsin, August 16. 1847, son of Moses and Martha Jewell. He received his education in the public schools, and finished with a course at Northwestern Seminary at Wasioja, Minn. After completing his studies, he became a clerk in the store of F. FI. Williamson, of Lake City, remaining with him for ten years. In 1874 he went into business for himself in Pine Island, conducting a general store and also carrying a full line of drugs. Fie was one of the organizers of the Pharmacy Society, and has been a registered pharmacist since the law requiring registration of druggists went into effect in Minnesota. He was married in 1874 to M. I. Haasze, daughter of James and Harriett HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 80(3 Iiaasze, natives of New York state, who came west in 1862, lo- cating in Olmstead county and engaging in farming on eighty acres. Both parents are now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Jewell have had two children: Emery L., now of Shoshone, Wyom., where he is a physician, having graduated from the University of Minnesota in 1903, and Scott W., recently of Shoshone, who Avas in the drug business, being a graduate of the University of Minnesota of the class of 1903 and also of Drew College. He Avas accidentally shot and died in Shoshone, June 2, 1909. In his politics, Mr. JeAvell is a Republican. He has served as toAvn treasurer one term, and has held the state depository of the county for a number of years. He is also a member of the Ma- sonic order; has stood at the head of the local lodge for a number of years and is noAV its treasurer. Moses Jewell, one of the early pioneers of this county, settled in Pine Island in May, 1855. His oldest son, S. C. Jewell, also accompanied him and located on his farm adjoining the village, Avhere he now resides. The following spring Mr. Jewell moved Iris family from Dane county, Wisconsin. He had five children : Sarah, norv Mrs. A. B. Cron; Eliza, iioav Mrs. PI. Tome; Fenn, now of Pine Island; W. W., now of Pine Island; and Nye, deceased. Moses JeAvell died January 9, 1888; Martha, his wife, died August 3, 1900. The family faith is that of the Episcopal church. Loomis F. Irish, president of the State Bank of Pine Island, was born in NeAv York state, January 15, 1856, son of Joseph and Evelyn (NeAvton) Irish, natives of NeAv York, who in 1865 came Avest to Minnesota, locating at Rochester, Avhere the father engaged in farming and also ran a distillery. In 1867 he moved with his family to Goodhue county, and engaged in farming for one year, after Avhich he Avent to Dodge county, remaining five years, also spending five years in Olmstead county. In 1878 they came to Pine Island, Avhere the mother died the same year. The father died in 1900. They had a family of five children : Loomis, the subject of this sketch; Augustus, Julia, Rush (deceased), and Riley. Loomis F. received his education in the public schools of Dodge county. For ten years he manufactured brick and also operated the Pine Island roller mill, which he built in 1899. He built the first block in the village in 1895. The block known as the Opera House Block is a model of beauty and usefulness. In 1882 he established a private bank, which he conducted for twenty-four years. In 1907 this bank was incorporated as the State Bank of Pine Island. Mr. Irish was married in 1877 to Lura S. Hawkins, daughter of J. F. and Mahalia (Phelps) Huav- kins, natives of Canada and Wisconsin, the former of whom Avas a brickmason by trade. They came to Pine Island in 1862 and both are noAV deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Irish have had five chil- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 807 dren : Blanche, who married V. E. Parker, of Pine Island; Caryl and Ruth, who live at home; Basil and Hilda (deceased). In politics Mr. Irish is Republican. Fraternally he affiliates with the I. ,0. 0. F. and M. W. A. Pie and his family attend Grace church. John Ihrke, a prosperous farmer of Pine Island township, was born in Fond du Lac county, Wisconsin, July 28, 1864, son of John and Rickie (Miller) Ihrke, natives of Germany, who came to America in 1864 and located in Wisconsin. In 1875 they came to Minnesota, located in the township of Pine Island, and engaged in farming, until the death of the father, February 9, 1901, the mother having passed away in 1867. John attended the common schools and worked with his father. In 1885 he came to the farm, where he still resides. Of his 340 acres of land, eighty acres is well timbered, the remainder being devoted to a general line of farming and stock raising. All the improvements on the place, which include a tine home, have been made by himself. In addi- tion to this he has shown his modern spirit by purchasing a sub- stantial touring car. Mr. Ihrke is a good citizen and has always taken an active interest in the welfare of his community. He is town treasurer and has been supervisor for a number of years. The family are members of the German Lutheran church. George R. West, of Pine Island village, was born in New York state, July 6, 1850, son of Lyman and Emeline (Rinehart) West, who in 1852 came to Iowa, where they rented land for two years. In 1855 they came to Pine Island, remaining over the summer, go- ing in 1856 to Roscoe township, where they resided for the re- mainder of their lives, the father dying May 8, 1875, and the mother December 25, 1904. George received his education in the common schools of the township, and also in the Pine Island schools, remaining on the farm with his father until he was twenty-three years of age. He then bought a farm in the same township and engaged in farming for himself. In 1872 he was married to Anna (Page), daughter of Robert and Bara (Cole) Page, who were old settlers of this county, coming in 1861, and engaging in farming. Both are now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. West had seven children: Libbey, Lunie, Nettie, Lyman, Sadie, Earl and Lynn. In 1883 the family moved to Dakota, where they spent fourteen years, after which they sold their farm and went to Pope county, Minnesota, remaining for four years. There Mrs. West died in 1899. Mr. West then returned to Roscoe township with his family and took charge of the homestead, his mother living with him until her death, after which he farmed for several years. In 1907 he went to Wyoming, Minn., where he bought a farm, remaining until 1909, when he sold out and entered into business in Pine Island, which he has since conducted. In 1905 808 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Mr. West was married to Jessie Sterling, by whom he has one child, Alice. Mr. West is independent in his politics. While a resident of Dakota he held the position of town treasurer and was a member of the school board, also justice of the peace. He was at one time member of the Good Templars. Jacob Bringgold, Sr., of Pine Island village, was born in Switzerland, January 24, 1824, son of John and Adeline Bring- gold, natives of Switzerland, where the father was a farmer. They emigrated to America in 1840 and located in New York state, where they bought a farm of 200 acres of timber land. This they cleared and in 1865 sold, and came west to Minnesota, where they bought land in Roscoe township, consisting of 160 acres, of which sixty acres was improved land. Jacob partially broke and cleared this land and added more gradually, until he had in all 420 acres. He carried on general and diversified farming and stock raising on a large scale, and was the first farmer in the township to bring in Short Horn cattle. He had a fine stock barn, 36x80 feet. He Avas also the first cheese maker in Pine Island. He retired from active life in 1889, and moved to Pine Island, Avhere he purchased a home and has since resided. He Avas married in May, 1855, to Susan Egger, of Switzerland, daughter of Gilbert and Sophronia Egger, natives of Switzerland, where the father was a farmer and maker of SAviss cheese. They came to America in 1832 and located in New York state, where the mother died in 1868, after Avlrich the father went to Illinois, where he died in 1869. Mr. and Mrs. Bringgold Avere the parents of eight children- — Rosie (deceased) ; Emma, married to C. O. Little, of Oklahoma ; Susan, married to J. S. Talcott, of Santa Ana, Cal. ; Helen, married to Grover Comstock, of Minneapolis ; Jacob A., 1 of Pine Island; Annie, living at home; Charles R., liv- ing at Pine Island, and Grace, married to George P. Stout, of Minneapolis. Mr. Bringgold is an independent voter. He has served as chairman of the board in Roscoe toAAmship for ten years, and Avas also road master for a long period. The family attends the German Lutheran Church. Charles Henry West, of Pine Island village, Avas born in Ros- coe township July 11, 1857, son of Lyman and Emeline (Rine- hart) West. He Avas educated in the common schools of his neighborhood, and after leaving school worked at farming for ten years in the same township. In 1883 he went to South Da- kota, and took up a homestead in Weston toAvnship, Marshall county, Avhere he resided fourteen years, being toAvn clerk two terms. For two years he lived in Amherst, conducting a hard- ware and grocery store, and in 1896 Avent, to Douglass county, Minnesota, remaining two years, then to Stearns county, Avhere he lived for five years. He was in the hardware business in Jacob Bringgold HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 809 Brooten, Stearns county, for two years, after which he returned to Pine Island in 1904 and entered into partnership with T. C. Nolan in the hardware business. He also managed a furniture store in the Cron building, which he conducted for one year. In the spring of 1909 he and his brother George purchased the R. J. Beire hardware stock and moved the furniture stock. They now conduct a general house furbishing store, carrying a full line of hardware and furnishings. In 1877 he was married to Zell (Perkins) daughter of ITubard and Miranda Edget. They have two children — Hazel N. and Hattie E. Mr. West is independent in his politics. He is a member of the M. W. A. Ole R. Reberg, a prosperous and progressive farmer of Minne- ola township, comes of good old Norse stock, having been born in Norway April 12. 1861, son of Ole and Riborg (Midkel) Reberg, who came to America in the spring of 1871. located in Minneola township, purchased eighty acres which he broke and improved, built a home, and carried on general farming until his death, October 4, 1897. The mother died February 11, 1906. Ole R. came to America with his parents as a boy of thirteen years and completed his education . in the schools of Minneola township. Pie took up farming with his father, and has always remained on the home place, which in 1895 he purchased. He has made many improvements of various kinds, including a new barn, 66x36 feet, which is a model of its kind. Mr. Reberg is an in- dependent voter, and has not cared to mix actively in public affairs. He has, however, been assessor of the township and is serving his thirteenth year as clerk of school district No. 138. He has made all he owns by hard work, and is a good citizen in every particular, one who is pointed to as a representative of modern methods of farming and stock breeding. May 30, 1900, he was married to Anna Fossum, daughter of Nels C. and Gurina (IPembre) Fossum. farmers of Minneola township, but natives of Norway. The father died November 21, 1908, and the mother October 7, 1887. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Reberg has been blessed with four children. Gurina, born April 11, 1901, died April 25 of the same year; Gurina, the second child, was born December 27. 1902. Ruth was born November 11, 1905. Osmund N. was born September 22, 1907, and died December 23, 1908. The family worships at the Lutheran Church. Mr. Reberg has been an ardent believer in the co-operation of farmers and has worked actively in that cause, taking a prominent part in the organization of several fanners’ co-operative concerns. He has for a number of years been a director in the Zumbrota Farmers’ Mercantile and Elevator Company, the Minneola Creamery Com- pany, and the Farmers’ Telephone Company, of Wanamingo. Lafayette H. Watts, of Minneola township, is a native of New 810 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY York state, born July 6, 1848, son of Richard and Mary (Locke) Watts, who emigrated to the west in 1858, locating near Baraboo, Wis., for one year. After living in various other places they came to Zumbrota township in 1873, and engaged in general farming. The father died in 1901, while on a visit to his old home in New York state, and the mother died in Minneapolis, January, 1908. Lafayette received his education in the public schools and followed the fortunes of the family until 1886, when he went to North Dakota. There he farmed until 1896, when he returned to Zumbrota township and resumed agricultural oper- ations. From that year until 1906 he owned and conducted the Zumbrota hotel, after which he purchased a pleasant home, sur- rounded by seven acres of land in Minneola township, just out- side the village limits of Zumbrota. Here he has since continued to reside. Mr. Watts is a well-known member of the Masons, the Modern Woodmen and the Modern Brotherhood. His political affiliations are with the Republican party, but he is to a large degree an independent voter. He is a thorough believer in the faith of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Watts was mar- ried August 3, 1873, at Zumbrota, to Athelia Miller, daughter of A. J. Miller, an early settler. Five children have blessed this union — Amelia, born September 16, 1874, died March 16, 1893. Edith, born July 6, 1877, is now Mrs. Chauncy Coffman, of Port- land, Ore. Truman N., born May 25, 1884, Avas the third child. Lafayette A., born in October, 1893, and Reginald R., born March 16, 1897, live at home and attend the public schools. Nels A. Stageberg, a well-known farmer of Minneola town- ship, Avas born in Norway, June 26, 1850, son of Andrew and Bar- bara (Knutson) Stageberg, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1857. They located in Wisconsin for one year, then removed to Minneola township, this county, where they secured 160 acres of Avild land, which they broke and improved, carry- ing on general farming until 1899, when they retired. Nels A. Stageberg came to America with his parents at seven years of age. After receiving a parochial school education he took up farming with his father, and continued to improve the home farm, erecting upon it many new and up-to-date buildings, among them a new home. Since 1879 he has followed general farming for himself. Mr. Stageberg was united in marriage the first time in March, 1869, to Guerina E. Knutson, a native of Noiuvay. By this marriage there were two children, Bertha and Andrew, the latter of whom is a merchant at Owatouna. Mr. Stageberg Avas married the second time to Rosa Idesselberg, a native of Norway. This union was blessed with eight children — Gerda, now Mrs. An- derson, of Dodge Center ; Lena, now Mrs. Grover, of Zumbrota ; Oscar, noAv at Montana; Albertha, iioav of Washington; Manda, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 811 now of Montana, and Selma, Rudolph and Clarence, all at home. The family attend the Lutheran Church. Mr. Stageberg is a Re- publican and has taken an active part in public affairs, as is shown by the fact that he was county commissioner for twelve years, to which position he gave his most earnest and faithful attention. He was also supervisor of the town and director of his school district for several years, treasurer of the "Wanamingo, Minneola and Cherry Grove Fire Insurance Company for thir- teen years, and director for thirty years. At the present time he is a director in the Zumbrota Hospital and treasurer of the Minneola Congregation. To help develop his community he was instrumental in getting the rural delivery established in his sec- tion. He is a stockholder in the Wanamingo creamery and also in the Farmers’ elevator, of Zumbrota and Wanamingo. Mr. Stageberg is courteous and kind to all, and his one effort has been to please the community he has served so well. He has been very successful in his undertakings, and is generally re- garded as a man of ability. Ole E. Ofstie, of Minneola township, was born in Norway, January 7. 1843, son of Estine Ivnutson and Aneka B.jorgen, na- tives of Norway. They came to America in 1866 and located in Minnesota, where the father engaged in farm work for fifteen years. In 1871 they went to Lac qui Parle county, where the father, in partnership with his son, bought 160 acres of land, which they cleared and improved and carried on general farming until the death of the father in 1895. The mother died in 1899, both deaths occurring at Lac qui Parle county. Ole received his education in the public schools of America, which he at- tended for a short time, and worked on the farm. Later he took up carpenter work and building, at which he Avas engaged until 1872. lie then purchased 112 acres of land in Minneola town- ship, and engaged in farming, also stock raising. He improved the buildings and built a neAV house. February 12, 1866, he Avas married to Anna Marta, daughter of John and Ingeborg Besstad, natives of Norway, Avhere the father Avas a carpenter. Both are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Ofstie haA'e had seArnn chil- dren — Edward (deceased) ; John E., a farmer of Minneola, mar- ried to Phina LexA T old; Anna, married to Henry Hanson, of Wanamingo; Carl, employed on the railroad: Andrew, a farmer at home ; Erick, married to Hulda Dorn, and Olaf, Avho are at home. Mr. Ofstie is a Republican in his politics. He has serA^ed on the school board for three years, and on the school board for the Norwegian school tAvo years. He is also road overseer. The family attend the Lutheran Church, which Mr. Ofstie has served as trustee nine years. Louis H. Kopplin, of Minneola township, Avas born in Red 812 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Wing, February 1, 1865, son of Ales F. and Julia (Koenig) Kop- plin, both natives of Germany. In 1853 they emigrated to Amer- ica, locating in Wisconsin, where Alex F. attended college. After finishing his collegiate education he taught school and later came to Red Wing and entered the employ of Frederick, Kempe & Co. In 1870 he removed to Minneola township, where he purchased eighty acres of land, which he broke and cultivated, erecting a substantial home and farm buildings. In addition to his Good- hue county property he owns land in Canada, Lac qui Parle county, Minnesota, and two sections in Pan Handle, Texas. He continued farming until 1893, when he Removed to Bellingham, Lae qui Parle county, Minnesota, where he still lives, engaged in the hardware, lumber and land business. His wife passed away in June, 1896. Louis IT. acquired his education at Minne- ola. After leaving school he remained with his father until 1893, when he purchased eighty acres of land adjoining the old original homestead, which his father gave him. This consisted of eighty acres in section 2, making him in all a valuable farm of 160 acres. He has built a substantial home, also a large new barn 70x40, and erected several other farm buildings. Mr. Kopplin takes great interest in forestry, and has planted 1,000 Norway poplar trees, which will mature in future years. In June, 1893, the same year he started out for himself, he was married at Zum- brota to Anna G. Koch, born April 10, 1870, daughter of Henry Koch, born in 1836, and Margarita (Engel) Koch, born in 1843, both natives of Germany, who came to America, settling at Evans- ville, Inch They moved to ITay Creek in 1873, and in 1886 came to Zumbrota and engaged in farming. The father is still living in Litchfield, Minn., and the mother died April 9, 1902. Mr. and Mrs. Kopplin have three children, Selma, born April 11, 1894; Stella, born Aiigust 21, 1901, and Hildegarde, born February 5, 1904. Mr. Kopplin is a Democrat, and has held the office of school director for several years. He has acquired his present prosperity by hard work and- honest toil, and is an honored citi- zen in every respect. The family attends the Lutheran Church. Christian A. Lexvold was born on the old homestead in Minne- ola township, November 19, 1870, being the son of Andrew Lex- vold. He received his education in the common schools of Minne- ola township, and like his brothers worked on his father’s farm. In 1890 he left home, going to North Dakota and remaining there for three years. In 1893 he returned and began farming on part of the old homestead, his land now consisting of 120 acres in section 22 and forty acres in section 16, making a farm of 160 acres. He erected the comfortable home in which he lives with his family, also built other necessary farm buildings, carrying on general farming and stock raising with considerable success HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 813 and making a specialty of Short Horn and Holstein cattle. Mr. Lexvold was married November 8, 1897, to Louise J. Aadahl, daughter of John J. and Roberg Aadahl, of Norway, and has five children — Rachel, horn March 4, 1898 ; Aimar, born Decem- ber 25, 1901; Gurda, born October 5, 1905; Joseph, born February 5, 1907, and Hilda, born March 27, 1909. He is a Repvdfiican in politics. He and his wife attend the Lutheran Church. Knudt 0. Strand, of Minneola township, was born in Norway, August 18, 1865, and came to America when one year of age, with his parents, O. K. and Christina Strand, in 1867. Upon their arrival in this country the family located in Minneola township, and a year later, in 1868, purchased 160 acres in section 34, on which the father erected a good house, barns and other buildings. In 1905 he went to Itasca county, taking up a homestead. After proving up his claim he returned to his former home in Minne- ola, where he died December 14, 1908, his wife having passed away in December, 1903. Knudt O. was educated in the public schools of Minneola and assisted his father on the farm, pur- chasing the old homestead in 1896. In this he has taken great pride, cultivating and improving the place and devoting his best efforts to carrying on general farming. December 28, 1893, he was married to Julia B. Lunde, daughter of Barnt and Inga (Guplon) Lunde, natives of Norway, who emigrated to America and settled hi Roscoe township, purchasing farm land, on which they still live. Mr. and Mrs. Strand have four children — Con- stance, Hildegard, Adela and Dagmar, all of whom are living at home. Bortinus J. Aadahl was born in Minneola township on the farm where he still lives, June 27, 1873, son of John and Riborg (Lerfald) Aadahl, natives of Trondelagen, Norway, who came to America in 1872, locating in Minneola township, where they bought 160 acres of improved land, which they continued to improve, erecting substantial and up-to-date buildings and fol- lowing general and diversified farming until his death, February 28, 1905. The mother died June 22, 1895. Bortinus J. Aadahl received his education in the schools of Minneola, and worked with his father on the farm until the latter’s death, when he came into possession of the farm, and continues to follow general and diversified farming. Mr. Aadahl was married May 16, 1898, to Anna Trelstad, a daughter of John P. and Riborg (Borstad) Trelstad, natives of Trondelagen, Norway, Avho came to America in the early sixties, settling in Minneola township, and engaged in farming. The mother died October 19, 1871, but the father is still living and farming in Minneola township. Mr. and Mrs. Aadahl have been blessed with four children — Rudolph, born June 27, 1900; Julia R., born September 1, 1903; Ella, born July 814 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 2H, 190o, and Dena, born March 28, 1909, all living at home. Mr. Aadahl is a Republican in liis political views and the family are members of the United Norwegian Lutheran Church. Ole J. Hanson, of Minneola township, was born in Norway, June 20, 1849, son of John and Annie (Bjorge) Hanson, who came to America in 1863, residing at Rock Prairie, Wis., for one year. In June, 1864, they came to Minneola township, remaining there until 1868, then going to Kandiyohi county, where they took a homestead of 160 acres, which the father broke and improved, following general farming till 1878, then going to the Red River valley to live with his son. The father died December 28, 1890, and the mother in 1899. Ole came to America with his parents in 1863, taking up farming in Minneola township. Beginning farming for himself, he purchased forty acres of improved land, adding to this at various times until he now has 142 acres of farm land and twenty acres of timber land in Pine Island town- ship. He has always followed agriculture and for nine years gathered the cream for the Crescent creamery. Mr. Hanson was married June 3, 1874, to Gunnil, daughter of John and Anna (Johnson) Satren, who came to America from Norway, locating first at Rock Prairie, Wis. Later they came to Minneola town- ship, where Mr. Satren died April 2, 1907, and Mrs. Satren March 25, 1909. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Hanson are: Joseph, born March 1, 1875, now in Reeder, N. D. ; Anna, born June 22, 1876, now Mrs. Albert Paul, of Meservey, la.; Magnus, born December 23, 1877, now at Brinsmade, N. D. ; IT. Andrew, born March 22, 1879, living at home; Fred, born April 14, 1881, now at, Berthold, N. D. ; Lena, born January 19, 1883, now of Minnewauken, N. D. ; Melvin, born January 2, 1885, now of Brinsmade, N. D. ; Mary, born January 10, 1887, school teacher at Bigwood, Minn. ; Josie, born November 9, 1888, now a school teacher; John, born December 18, 1890, now of Berthold, N. D. ; Luella, born December 26, 1892, a student, who lives at home; Carl, Born March 5, 1895; George, born April 23, 1897; Adolph, born December 31, 1899. The last three named live at home. Politically Mr. Hanson is a Republican and attends the Lutheran Church. By hard work and fair dealings he has achieved success and won the respect of all. Sam O. Aslakson, born March 6, 1861, on the farm in Minneola township where he now resides, is the son of Swen and Lev. Aslakson, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1857, locat- ing in Minneola township, where they bought 160 acres of wild land, which they improved. The father died November 11, 1894, and the mother February 2, 1908. Sam O. received his education in Minneola township, after which he farmed with his father until 1890, when he came into possession of 117% HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 815 acres of the old homestead. This he has continued to improve, rebuilding the house, beside constructing many other buildings for the shelter of stock and grain. Mr. Aslakson was married July 4, 1895, to Ellen Marie, daughter of Soren and Anna Under- dahl. Mrs. Underdahl died July 5, 1882, and her husband is still living. Sam 0. Aslakson and wife have been blessed Avith six children — Selmer, Leonard, Matilda, Anna, Joseph and Lydia, all of whom are alive. Mr. Aslakson is a Republican, a member of the Lutheran Church and at the pres- ent time treasurer of the parochial school. He Avas once the treasurer of school district No. 92 for tAvelve years, and in 1900 took the census of Minneola township. At the present time he is director in and stockholder of the Minneola Creamery Company. He is an energetic business man and well deserA'es the reAvards of his hard labor. Frank Ahneman, .of Minneola toAvnship, Avas born at Pine Island, this county, April 20, 1861. His parents, Henry and Sophia (Pultz) Ahneman, AA r ere both natives of Germany, .who came to this country in the early forties, settling in 'Wisconsin. About ten years later they moved to Pine Island village, where the father conducted a store for the period of two years. Tiring of mercantile life, he sold this store and bought a farm of 310 acres, where he lived until his death, April 16, 1906, his wife having died NoA r ember 10, 1893. Frank Ahneman received his education in the public schools of Pine Island, and after leaving school assisted his father on the farm until 1897, when he re- moved to Olmstead county, Minnesota. Here he engaged in farming until 1899, when he came to Minneola toAAmship, pur- chasing a farm of 160 acres in section 24, on Avhich he conducted many improvements, making a good home for himself and family. In 1907 he built a substantial house and other farm buildings. He carries on a general farming, and has been very successful, ac- quiring his possessions by his frugal habits, honesty and hard Avork. Mr. Ahneman Avas married December 22, 1896, at Red Wing, to Hannah Degener, daughter of Henry and Ernestine (Yerch) Degener, natives of Germany, came to America and located at Greenlake county, Wisconsin, Avhere the father en- gaged in farming for several years, afterAvard removing to Pine Island and following the same line of work. He and his Avife are still living on the farm. Mr. and Mrs. Ahneman have been blessed with one daughter and one son — Hilda, born May 15, 1897, and Arthur, born July 17, 1900. Mr. Ahneman is Demo- cratic in his political views.. The family attends the Lutheran Church. Cornelius A. Erstad is one of the prosperous farmers of Minne- ola township. His parents, Andrew and Oline (Hanson) Erstad, S16 II 1 ST OB Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY left their native home in Norway and came to America, living first at various points in Illinois, Wisconsin and IoAva, until 1855,' when they took a homestead of 160 acres in section 35, Minneola township, which they improved and cultivated. On this farm the father built a comfortable home and commodious outbuildings. He Avas a good man in every Avay and is remembered by many as one of the early settlers of Goodhue county. He died in 1908 and his Avife in 1878. Cornelius A. was born on the homestead June 26, 1860. He received his preliminary education in the pub- lic schools in Minneola toAAmship, then took a four years course of study in Luther College at Decorah, la. For a short period lie returned to the old farm, and from 1884 to 1897 engaged in farming in Kenyon and Mazeppa. In 1897 he took charge of the old farm, on which he has made many improvements. He was married to Sigrid Ylvisaker, daughter of N. Th. and Kristine Ylvisaker, of Norway, who came to America and located at Bed Wing, where Mr. Ylvisaker Avas a Lutheran minister. He died some years later, but his Avife still lives with her children. Mr. and Mrs. Erstad are parents of Andrew, born November 4, 1888; Olaf, born February 19, 1892; Einar, born November 19, 1894, and Ruth, born May 2, 1897. With the exception of An- drew, who attends the Luther College at Decorah, la., they are all at home. Gunder Froyum, one of the prosperous farmers of Minneola township, Avas born in Norway, September 5, 1849. During his childhood he attended school in Norway. At the age of sixteen he came to America with his parents and for six Aveeks Avas a pupil in the Minneola school. After leaving school he applied himself to the farm Avork, remaining as his father’s assistant until his death, Avhen he inherited the home farm, which he con- tinued to improve, erecting several neAA r farm buildings. He has followed general mixed farming, being very successful. He is also interested in the stone quarry. He is prohibition in politics and has always been interested in the welfare of the country in Avhieh he lives, filling the office of toAvn supervisor for tAvo years, also road oA'erseer, and treasurer of the school board. Mr. Froyum Avas married April 17, 1878, to Dena A. Goplin, daugh- ter of A. A. and Mary Goplin, farmers of Norway, both deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Froyum have ten children — Sophia, married to Carl Fossum; Matilda, married to Henry Bjugan; Julia, noAV Mrs. Ilas- set, of North Dakota; John, Alfred, Helen, George, Selma, Her- man and Floyd, all at home. They all attend the Lutheran Church. The parents of Gimder Froyum Avere John and Sigri (Avelsgard) Froyum, both natives of Norway, emigrating to America in the year 1865, and locating in 1866 in Minneola, Avhere they purchased 120 acres of land, which the father broke HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 817 up and cultivated, erecting a tome and other farm buildings. He died February 10, 1885, and the mother February 10, 1881. Peter M. Johnson, Minneola township, son of S. J. and Chris- tine Marie (Peterson) Johnson, was born in Sweden, March 26, 1851. His father and mother were both natives of Sweden, com- ing to America in 1870, locating first in New York state, where they resided one year. In 1871 they removed to Red AVing, but the following year they came to Minneola township, where they engaged in farming. A few years later they removed to White Willow, Zumbrota township, where the father died in 1886. The mother is now residing in AA 7 elch, this county. Peter M. was edu- cated in Sweden, coming to America in 1868, two years before his parents, and locating in Red AYing, where he resided for three years. In 1871 he moved to Minneola township, and four years later, in 1875, purchased a farm of eighty acres. Here he has since made his home, improving the land and erecting a house and other farm buildings,' engaging in general farming, but de- voting most of his time to grain raising and dairying. He is a progressive farmer and honored citizen, having served for sev- eral years as road commissioner. Mr. Johnson is a Republican and with his family attends the Swedish Lutheran Church. He was married July 3, 1877, in Hastings, to Sophia Carlson, daugh- ter of C. J. and Sarah (Jenson) Carlson, natives of Sweden, who came to America in 1871, locating in Hastings, where they continued to live until the death of Mrs. Johnson’s father, April 27, 1900. Her mother then went to Center City, Minn., where she resided with her daughter until her death. May, 1902. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have been blessed with eight children — -Elsie M., born July 30, 1878, died July 15, 1898; Helma E., born August 22, 1880, married George Baslington, of Pine Island; John R., born February 14, 1883; Mabel A., born November 8, 1884; Yinnie S., born April 5, 1887 ; Laura L., born December 22, 1889 ; Ethel W., born August 2, 1892, and Alice A 7 ., born June 20, 1898. All of these are at home. Sivert A. Lexvold, of Minneola township, was born in Nor- way, March 12, 1862, coming to America with his father in 1866, his mother having died in Norway. His parents were Andrew and Berntina Lexvold. The family came first to Red AVrng, then moved to Belle Creek, where they resided one year, finally ‘settling in Minneola township, where Sivert A. received his edu- cation. He remained on the farm, assisting his father until he was twenty-six years of age, and then worked out until 1892, when he became the owner of 100 acres of land in Minneola, afterward purchasing eighty acres more in section 1, Roscoe, all of which by hard work he has improved and cultivated, devoting his attention mostly to diversified farming. He has a substantial 818 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY house and other farm buildings, including a barn, to which he has recently made a valuable addition. May 24, 1893, Mr. Lex- void was married in Minneola township to Mary J. Aadahl, daughter of John J. and Reberg Aadahl, natives of Norway, who, after coming to this country, settled in Minneola, engaging in agricultural pursuits. Both are now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Lexvold have ten children — Ragna B., Arthur J., Selma M., Leonard M., Segurd J., Bennie G., Mahle J., Hazel B. (deceased), Hazel B. and Myrtle A. Mr. Lexvold is Republican in his politi- cal views. He affiliates with the Modern Samaritans. Like many of his nationality, he lias accumulated his property and made his home by hard work. The family attend Hie Lutheran Church. Halbert A. Lexvold, son of Andrew Lexvold, was born in Minneola township November 7, 1876, on the old homestead, where he still resides. He acquired his education in the schools of Minneola, and at the age of fifteen years, after leaving school, Avent to Sheldon, N. D., where he engaged in farming for three years, returning to the home farm in 1894. Tavo years later he went to Perth, N. I)., where he took up a claim of 160 acres, which he proved up, remaining there five years. In 1901 he again turned his footsteps toward home, purchasing the family home- stead of 160 acres in sections 21 and 22. This, by thrift and hard work, he lias cultivated and improved, being engaged in general farming and stock raising. Mr. Lexvold was married December 23, 1896, at Rolla, N. D., to Gena Hastad, daughter of L. J. and Kristina (Romo) Hastad, both natives of Norway. Mr. and Mrs. Lexvold have six children — John, born April 10, 1898; Gladys, born November 10, 1901; Lillian, born October 28, 1903; Harold, born June 1, 1905 ; Mayme, born September 16, 1907, and Mar- shall, born May 9, 1909. The family attend the Lutheran Church. Mr. Lexvold is Republican in his political views. He is an hon- ored citizen and has held the office of school treasurer of district 67 for the last three years. Peder N. Nesseth, a prominent resident of Minneola township, was born in Beraker Ovre Stordalen, Norway, July 21, 1828. He emigrated to America June 13, 1858, and located at AVana- mingo for two years. In 1860, in Minneola township, section 16, he bought 160 acres of land, which he broke and improved and upon which he built a comfortable home. He carried on general farming and proved a most successful farmer. Mr. Nesseth was married June 8, 1857, at Meraker, Norway, to Ingeborg G. Nustad, by whom he ha d seven children. Nels P. is employed with the Red AVing Malting Company, Red Wing. Dr. Marie Sophie, Gjertru Maria, Gustav, Hemming, Hemming second, all are dead. Rev. Guttorm P. is at Willborg, Clearwater county, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 819 Minnesota. In politics Mr. Nesseth is a Republican and the fam- ily worship at the Minneola Evangelical Lutheran Church, which he helped to organize and was one of the trustees for many years. He was also a member of the first board of directors of the Wana- mingo, Cherry Grove and Minneola Fire Insurance Company, which he always helped to promote. He has been a member of the school board in his district. Mr. Nesseth has made all he has by hard work and the family are highly respected by all their friends and neighbors. W. Edwin Peterson, of Minneola, was born in the township April 27, 1870, son of Christian Peterson. During his early years he attended school in district No. 65 and the Zumbrota grammar school, finishing his education at the Beeman’s Business College in Red Wing. After leaving college he rented the home farm of his father, which he conducted for several years. In 1902 he bought a farm in Pine county, moving on to it the next year. In the fall of 1904 he returned to Minneola, where he has a farm of 160 acres, containing good buildings, which he has named Grand View, on which he conducts diversified farming, making a specialty of Shropshire sheep. Mr. Peterson was married in Zumbrota in May, 1894, to Mary L. Berg, daughter of C. 0. Berg, of Red Wing. This union has been blessed Avith nine children — ■ Mildred A., Ronald L.. Theodora E., Chester E., Leonora E., Wil- helm C., Beatrice M., Christian M., and Alfred L. Mr. Peterson is a Republican in his political A T iews, and he and his family attend the Lutheran Church. He is also a member of the Modern Woodmen of America. Herman Pirius, a prosperous, progressive and hard-working farmer of Minneola toAvnship, was born in Prussia, Germany, May 3, 1850, and came to America in the fall of 1869, locating in Minneola township, where he rented land and engaged in farm- ing. In 1875 he had jirospered sufficiently to purchase 160 acres in section 12. This land lie developed, erected a house and out- buildings, and improved in various ways. He carries on general farming, and is said to haA 7 e one of the finest quarter-section farms in the county. Mr. Pirius came to America as a poor boy, and has never had financial assistance, acquiring all he possesses by his own hard work. Although he had but little chances for acquiring an education himself, he is a thorough belieA 7 er in the public school system, and lias ably served district No. 94 as treasurer for many years. In addition to his farm property he is a stockholder in the Farmers’ elevator, of Zumbrota. By his wife, Mary Theada, whom he married in April, 1873, Mr. Pirius has seven children — Tillie, Mary, Martha and Alvina, who are married, and Theresa, Glara and Herman, who are single. The family Avorships at the Lutheran Church. 820 HI ST OK Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY Carl 0 . Ring', of Minneola township, son of Andrew and Christina Ring, was born in Sweden, January 8, 1866. His par- ents were natives of Sweden, and followed farming until the death of the father, August 12, 1904. The mother still lives in Sweden at the age of eighty-seven years. Carl 0. Ring received his education in the common schools of the country, and worked at farming until May, 1885, when he emigrated to America, coming direct to Minnesota, and settling in Minneola township, where he was employed with the farmers until in 1891. He then rented 290 acres of land and engaged in farming for himself, carrying on general farming and stock raising. In 1899 he pur- chased 290 acres of this farm, which is all under cultivation. He was married December 8, 1891, to Louisa Swenson, daughter of John and Christina Swenson, natives of Sweden, who came to America in 1852, locating in Rockford, 111., where they remained until 1855. Then they came to Minnesota and took up a claim, consisting of 160 acres of wild land in Minneola township, which they broke and prepared for cultivation, carrying on a general and diversified line of farming. He retired from farming in 1891, and died May 4, 1909. The mother died August 14, 1908. Mr. and Mrs. Ring have three children — Mabel E., born October 25, 1892; John R. A., born August 14, 1895, and Melvin L., born April 21, 1905. John Starz was born in Minneola, in which township he still lives, August 22, 1864, son of Jacob J. Starz. He attended the public schools of Minneola and Zumbrota, and after finishing his education purchased 160 acres of land, on which he erected a house and built a good barn and outbuildings. He also made many other improvements, carrying on a general line of farming and raising horses and cattle. April 17, 1888, Mr. Starz was mar- ried to Amelia Kalass, daughter of Christian and Sophia (Grond- wold) Kalass, natives of Germany, Avho emigrated to America and settled in Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Starz have three children — Rosina A., born January 23, 1889 ; Luella M., born May 20, 1893, and Harry, born June 30, 1895. The subject of this sketch is Republican in politics, and a representative man, taking great interest in the local affairs of his town. He has served as town treasurer, for the past thirteen years, as clerk of the school board for the past seven years, and also as road master and road overseer. Edward H. Starz, of Minneola, was born in the township September 28, 1866, son of Jacob J. Starz. He received his education in the schools of his neighborhood, and then took up farming with his father until twenty-four years of age, when he purchased the home farm and added 160 acres. He now owns 320 acres, which he has developed into an up-to-date, Avell-kept. farm. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 821 Mr. Starz was married February 26, 1891, in Minneola township, to Anna M. Kalass, born July 13, 1867, daughter of Christian Kalass. The children of this union are : Herbert H., born De- cember 1, 1891 ; Sophia R., born July 10, 1897, and died May 18, 1899; Edward C. H., born February 28, 1901; Edmond L. 0., born June 22, 1903; Malinda R., born April 11, 1905, and Christian S., born July 24, 1908. Mr. Starz votes the Republican ticket, and attends the German Lutheran Church. At the present time he is town clerk, which position he lias held since 1903. He is a pro- gressive farmer and a hard worker and has a large circle of friends. John O. Vollan was born in Minneola, in which township he still resides, in 1872, son of Ole IT. and Mali (Langness) Yollan, both natives of Norway. Ole FI. came to America with his par- ents, John P. and Beret (Sagpn) Yollan, in 1858, and located in Minneola township. Here they purchased eighty acres of land in section 8, which they cleared and cultivated, and engaged in farming. They erected a home, barn and other buildings neces- sary, and added eighty acres more of land to their farm. The mother. Beret, died in 1879, and the father, John P., in 1893. Ole IT. was married in 1868 to Mali Langness, daughter of Ole and Gertrude (Fundaune) Langness, natives of Norway, who came to this country in 1866, locating in Minneola township, where they remained but a short time, removing to South Dakota, where they engaged in farming. The father, Ole Langness, died in 1896, and the mother, Gertrude, in 1899. There were four children in the Vollan home — Beret, who lives at home; John O. the sub- ject of this sketch, who manages the homestead; Ole 0. and Hans, who are both deceased. John received his education in the com- mon schools and worked with his father on the farm until in 1898, when he entered business in a general store at Zumbrota, which he conducted for one year, after which he sold and re- turned home and took charge of the farm in 1900, his father retir- ing from active life, but still remaining on the homestead. John 0. has made a great many improvements on the farm and build- ings, and rents eighty acres, carrying on a general line of farm- ing, dairying and stock raising. He is single. Mr. Yollan is Republican in politics, and is a member of the Lutheran Church. Sven E. Swenson, one of those men whose industry and per- severance has assisted in the development of the agricultural resources of Minneola township, is a native born son, having first seen the light of day in Minneola, July 29, 1867. His parents were Erick and Susanna Swenson, substantial farmers. He lived on a farm in his youth, took advantage of the educational opportunities offered in his neighborhood and then attended St. Olaf ’s College at Northfield, Minn., where he proved a capable 822 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY student. His natural bent, however, was toward agricultural pursuits, and after completing liis college studies he returned to Minneola and farmed with his father until 1892, when he pur- chased a farm of 160 acres on section 26, Minneola township, where he has since continued to reside. He has brought the land to a high state of cultivation, has erected a comfortable home and a roomy barn, and in fact has made those improvements which characterize the place as an up-to-date farm in every par- ticular. He raises his own stock, makes a specialty of several high grades and carries on general farming. Although inter- ested in the progress of modern events, he has never sought public office, being content to cast his vote for others whom he deems best fitted for public position. Mr. Swenson was married at Pine Island, June 4. 1891, to Gina Monson, daughter of Gun- der and Gertrud Monson. The fruits of this union are six chil- dren — Stella., Grace, Mabel, Anna, Ervie and Adaline. Guy C. Marshall, of Minneola township, was born in AYabasha county, this state, September 1, 1867, son of Russ and Rachel (Luke) Marshall, who came from Pennsylvania and located in Plainview, AYabasha county, in 1862, and engaged in farming until 1890, when they retired and spent the remainder of their days with their sons, Clarence and John, the father dying No- vember 20, 1901, and the mother September 20, 1905. Guy C. attended the schools of Elgin township, AYabasha county, and farmed for a time with his father. He learned the barbers’ trade, worked at it, three years, then farmed for a while, later clerked in a hotel at Plainview and in 1900 came to Minneola township and took up farming on the Reitman estate, where he has since remained. He was married April 9, 1895, to Sophia Reitman, daughter of John and Christine E. (Katterjohn) Reitman, na- tives of Germany. To'this union has been born one child, Ange- line, who first saw the light of day in Plainview, September 6, 1901. Mr. Marshall votes the Republican ticket and belongs to the Foresters. John and Christine E. Reitman came from Ger- many at an early day and lived for a time in Indiana. In March, 1866, they came to Minneola township, purchased 160 acres, im- proved the farm, erected a home and became prominent citizens. The father died December 31, 1904, and the mother still occupies the old homestead at the age of seventy-six years. They had twelve children. Christian Peterson staked out the first claim in Minneola town- ship, built the first cabin, and marked the way for the influx of civilization which was to follow. He was born in Norway, May 16, 1835, and there received his education. In 1852 he came to America and after living for a time in Rockford, 111., located in Minneola, and took up a claim on section 26 of 160 acres. The HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 823 story of his early experiences is told in the general history of this township. In 1882 he built a new home, commodious and well furnished. Here he lived until his death, May 15, 1904. He served the township as chairman, as supervisor and as a member of the school board. He was also deeply interested in the Norwegian Lutheran Church, of which he was for many years trustee. Mr. Peterson was married March 19, 1859, at Red "Wing, to Hilda L. Swenson, born in Smaaland, Jonkjoping, Len Sancl- josochen, Sweden, February 7, 1838. She came to America with her mother in 1850 and located in Rockford, 111., where she re- mained until coming to Minneola in 1856. Her father, Swen Swenson, died in Sweden in 1843, and her mother, Marie Jonas, died in Rockford in 1850. Mr. and Mrs. Peterson were blessed with the following children : Caroline, born July 26, 1860. is now Mrs. Ivyllo, of Red Wing. Matilda, born September 28, 1862, is the widow of Nels Ostedahl, and is engaged in the millinery business in Zumbrota. Charlotte, born July 8, 1866, died March 21, 1867. John A., born February 18, 1868, died in 1875. William E., born April 27, 1870. Charlotte J., born December 11, 1872, is married to Olaf Nordvold, a farmer. Carl A., born November 19, 1875, lives on the old homestead and manages the farm. Clara A., born April 22, 1879, is a music teacher and lives at home. Mr. Peterson was a good man in every respect, and was accorded that honor and respect which he so richly deserved. Ole A. Lexvold was born in Minneola, in which township he still resides, July 11, 1869, son of Andrew Lexvold. His early years were spent in Minneola, where he attended the public school, worked on his father’s farm, assisting him in carrying on general farming until going to North Dakota, where he filed on a homestead of 160 acres, on which he lived five years. He also pur- chased two and one-fourth sections of good farm land in Towner county. He then sold most of this land and returning to Minne- ola township in 1902 purchased 160 acres in section 9. To this he added ninety acres in section 15, where he uoav conducts gen- eral farming operations, raising the usual crops, breeding live stock and meeting with considerable success. By his wife, Sophie Hastad, born March 18, 1871. daughter of L. J. and Kristine (Romo) Hastad, he has eight children — Arthur L., born March 17, 1897; Sidney, born January 8, 1899; Getha C., born August 13, 1900, and died April 21. 1904; Orla S.. born April 26, 1902; Viola, born December 10. 1903, and died April 29, 1904; Getha W., born June 13, 1905; Ruth, born October 10, 1907, and George K., born April 18, 1909. The family attend the Lutheran Church. Mr. Lexvold is a Republican in his political views, but lias never sought public office. He is a good citizen, a hard worker and an honorable man. 824 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Hogen G. Romo, Minneola, was born in Minneola township, October 16, 1869, son of Guilder, 0. and Anne (Trelstad) Romo, of Norway. They emigrated to America in 1865, and coming to Minneola township, purchased in section 20 eighty acres of land, which they broke and improved, following general farming until 1877. Returning to Norway, they remained until 1884, then came back to America, buying 120 acres in section 32, continuing general farming until 1896, when they retired from active life. The father died November 29, 1903, and the mother still lives with her son. Hogen G. first took up agriculture with his father until 1896, when he came into the possession of the old home- stead, which he has since continued to farm, building upon it in 1903 a new home. Mr. Romo was married February 10, 1897, to Julia J., daughter of John and Johannah Johnson, natives of Norway. They came to America, locating in Wisconsin, and in 1877, at Steele county, Minn., following agriculture for fourteen years, after which they moved to Webster, Rice county, Minne- sota, where they farmed and are still residing. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Romo are : John G., born November 26, 1897 ; Alice J., born August 15, 1899 ; Harry J., born October 5, 1901, and Edwin P., born March 16, 1905. Mr. Romo is a Prohibitionist and attends the Lutheran Church. He is now school clerk of district 160 and is well thought of by all who know him. John E. Swenson, Minneola, was born on section 27 in Minne- ola township, October 14. 1871. His father and mother, Erick and Susanna (Engebretson) Swenson, were natives of Norway, emigrating to America in the year 1852 and settling first in Rock Prairie, 111. Here they remained for three years and in 1855 moved to Minneola township, where the father purchased 230 acres of wild land, which he broke, and soon had the greater part under cultivation. On this farm he has since continued to live. John E. received his education in the public schools of Minneola, and after finishing his studies, continued to remain at home. In 1894 he took entire charge of the farm, improving it, and erecting many new buildings. He is now considered one of the successful farmers of the township. He was married June 6, 1894, at Land’s Church, of Minneola, to Borgel Ronningen, daughter of Ole and Gurie (Loken) Ronningen, natives of Nor- way, but now prominent farmers in AVanamingo township. John E. Swenson is a Republican in his political views and he and his Avife attend the Lutheran Church. He has always taken an inter- est in the local affairs of Minneola and has been road overseer for the past two years. Gunder H. Gunderson, of Minneola, Avas born in Norway Oc- tober 5, 1858, a son of Hemming and Beret (Gunderson) Meehle, who came to America in 1872, settling in section 16, Minneola HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 825 township, where they purchased forty acres of land and engaged in farming the remainder of their lives. The father died April 17, 1889, and the mother January 25, 1896. Gunder received his education in Norway and America, after which he took up farm- ing with his father until the latter’s death, when he came into possession of the property. On this, together with an adjoining eighty-acre farm, which he rents, he carries on general farming. Mr. Gunderson was married March 11, 1896, to Ragnheld, daugh- ter of Andrew and Beret Anderson, of Norway. Three children blessed this union — Herman, born September 10, 1897 ; Borghild, born September 21, 1899; Alma, born August 17, 1902; all living at home. Although he has never sought public office, Mr. Gun- derson is prominent as a Republican voter. The family wor- ship at the Lutheran Church. Swen 0. Swenson, of Minneola, was born in Minneola town- ship, November 3, 1862, son of Ole Swenson Sumbreen, and his wife, Julia Rude, natives of Norway. Ole came to America in 1852, and settled in Illinois, where he and his brother Erick worked for two years, after which they went to the pinery for one year. In the spring of 1855 they located in Minnesota township, where they pre-empted 160 acres of timber land. This they later traded for prairie land, which they broke, cleared and improved, erect- ing suitable buildings. They were bachelors for three years, after Avhich Ole was married in 1858. He then continued general farming until his death in March, 1896. The mother still lives at the age of eighty years. Swen received his education in the Minneola public schools and attended St. Olaf ’s College at North- field for one year. After leaving school he worked with his father until 1893, when he purchased a farm of 160 acres in sec- tion 29. He erected a new house and remodeled the barn, and has since followed general farming. Mr. Swenson was married June 27, 1891, to Mina Steberg, who was born in Minneola town- ship, January 26, 1871, daughter of Amund and Charlotte (Seljord) Steberg, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1861 and located in Minneola township, where they engaged in farming. Mr. and Mrs. Swenson have six children — Clara, born July 4, 1894; Mabel, August 29, 1896; Oscar, November 12, 1898; Lillian. June 8, 1901; Alton, May 31, 1904; Selma, July 30, 1908. Mr. Swenson is an independent voter, and is now director of school district No. 160, which office he has held for ten years. He and his family are communicants of the Lutheran Church. Nels Thornberg, a veteran of the Civil War, and of the In- dian expedition, is now a farmer of Wacouta township, where, upon a place of 108 acres, he does general farming combined with dairying. He was born in Sweden, May 25, 1845, and came to this county in 1857 with his father, Francis, who died about three 826 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY months after his arrival here. Nels spent a larger part of his life in Red Wing, working in lumber and flour mills and as clerk in a hardware store, the latter employment occupying his atten- tion for fifteen years. In 1862, while still practically a boy, he enlisted in Company G, Seventh Minnesota Volunteer In- fantry, under Captain (now Judge) W. W. Williston and Lieu- tenants Herman Betclier and Daniel Densniore. The company engaged the Indians in battle at Wood Lake, September 22, 1862, and continued the campaign in Minnesota until the execution of thirty-nine of the ring leaders at Mankato, which Mr. Thornberg witnessed. The regiment Avas then ordered south and placed in the sixteenth army corps, being discharged at Fort Snelling at the close of the war in 1865. In 1900 Mr. Thornberg decided to spend the remainder of his life on a farm, and consequently purchased his present place. His abilities have been recognized to the extent of his being called to serve as chairman of Wacouta as Avell as on the school board. He is also assessor of the town- ship. Mr. Thornberg still retains his membership in the United Workmen and the G. A. R. at Red Wing. He was married in 1872 to Nellie Nelson, daughter of Abram Nelson, who came from Sweden in the fifties and settled in Vasa township, this county, later moving to Douglass county, Minnesota. Mrs. Thronberg died May 30, 1908, leaA 7 ing four children. Ernest, the oldest, is a jeweler in Park River, N. D. Anna, Eda., Avho is a school teacher, and Clarence are at home with their father. W. H. Turner, retired farmer, is an old resident of Kenyon and during the long period of his life here he has always been known as an honorable and law-abiding citizen. His record of public service includes nine years as chairman of the township of Kenyon, several terms as assessor, eight years as justice of the peace, and many years as a school officer of his district. He Avas born in NeAv York, November 6, 1839, a son of Henry and Mar- garet (Sprague) Turner, the former of whom died in NeAV York state. The latter came to Kenyon and for many years, until her death in 1886, kept house for her son. In the family Avere eight children, two of Avhom, aside from W. LI., are still living, namely: Lyman and Delia. W. II. came to this county in 1868 and pur- chased a farm in Kenyon township. He has iioav practically re- tired, and rents his farm, but still does some work on it when he feels so inclined. In the early days Mr. Turner Avas a school teacher, and he still keeps up his interest in education, being a great reader. He is unmarried and lives alone, but finds in his work and his books the consolation and companionship that oth- ers find in their families. Mr. Turner is a veteran of the Civil War, having enlisted in 1864 in Company B, Forty-first Wiscon- sin Volunteer Infantry, receiving his discharge at the close of HISTORY OR GOODHUE COUNTY 827 the conflict. He votes the Democratic ticket and takes an active interest in public affairs. He is now a resident of the village of Kenyon. Timothy R. Bullis, of Kenyon village, was born at St. Armond, Canada, September 10, 1829, son of Stephen and Anna (Brill) Bullis, natives of Canada. The father was born February 15, 1807, and the mother March 19, 1808. They were married in 1827, and were the parents of five children — Timothy R., Benjamin D. (deceased) ; Polly U., married to Freeman Callimore, who died in the army; Elizabeth (deceased), married to Addison Hilton, and Stephen A., who resides in Kenyon. Stephen Bullis, the father, brought his family to Minnesota in 1856 and pre-empted land in Kenyon township, section 21. He died February 6. 1888. His wife passed away October 28, 1889. Timothy R. Bullis received his education in Canada and at the Franklin Academy at Malone, New York. He came to Goodhue county in the early days and made claim on land. In 1858 he went to Reed’s Landing, AYa- basha county, and clerked in the old American House. In 1861 he enlisted in Company G, First Minnesota Cavalry, and served with General Sibley in his campaign against the Indians, serving until November, 1862, when he received his discharge. He then returned to Kenyon and engaged in the mercantile business, op- erating a general store for eighteen years, after which he retired on account of ill health. In partnership with C. L. Bruesletten he built two brick stores. He built his house where he now lives in November 25, 1869. Mr. Bullis married Phoebe 0. Sevey, who was born in Maine, April 5, 1848, daughter of Benjamin H. and Catherine B. (Gray) Sevey. Benjamin Sevey moved his family to Wabasha county, Minnesota, in 1853. In 1864 he came to Goodhue county and bought a farm in section 2, Kenyon town- ship. They were the parents of six children, five of whom are living. Mrs. T. R. Bullis, Mrs. Etta Maker, of Portland, Ore. (deceased), L. B. Sevey. Ft. Smith, Ark.; Wright N., AYebb City Mo. ; Harry S. old Mexico, and Mrs. F. S. Brown, of Portland, Oregon. The father died Sept. 22, 1885, and the mother lives with her daughter at Portland, Ore. The children born to Air. and Airs. Bullis are: Stephen T., born March 1. 1871; Kitty, born Nov. 3, 1872, married to Rev. J. C. AYilliamson ; Harriet E., born April 30, 1875; Pearl E. and B. Earl (twins), born Sept. 4, 1882, and Frank Grover, born Aug. 4. 1887. Air. Bullis served as clerk of Kenyon township for several years, and one term as postmaster under President Cleveland. He has also filled the office of mayor of Kenyon. Fraternally he is a member of Kenyon lodge No. 201, A. F. and A. Al. He is a Democrat in politics and Airs. Bullis is a member of the Alethoclist church. S. A. Bullis, a prominent citizen of the county, now residing 828 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY in one of the handsomest residences in the village of Kenyon, is the fifth child of Stephen and Anna (Brill) Bullis, who were among the earliest pioneers in this part of the county. He was born at Clareneeville, Canada, near the Vermont line, in 1848, and there lived as a boy until coming west with his parents in 1855. The family located for one winter in Hastings, and in March, 1856, came to Kenyon, where the father took up a quarter section of government land in section 24, near the village, where at that time there was only a small store and postoffice. He erected the Pioneer Hotel, and remained its landlord and prop- rietor for a quarter of a century. He then built the house which stands next door to the residence of the subject of this sketch, and there lived until his death in 1888. The mother died in 1889 In the family there were five children. T. R. lives in Kenyon. Benjamin died in 1887. Polly, now a widow, lives in California. Harriett E. died in 1908 at Fergus Falls, this state. She married Addison Hilton and was the mother of C. L. Hilton, first assist- ant, states attorney, of Minnesota. S. A., the youngest child, received his education in the common schools, and since early youth has made Kenyon his home. Plis success in life is shown by the fact that he owns 700 acres of good land in this county, and 320 in Richland county, North Dakota. His present beauti- ful residence was built in 1904. Mr. Bullis is a Republican in poli- tics and has served his village as councilman and as president a number of terms. He belongs to the Brotherhood of America and the United Workmen. By his wife, Emma Hewitt, a niece of Dr. A. W. Hewitt of Kenyon, whom he took as a partner of his joys and sorrows in 1874, he has two children. Clara B., a musician of much promise, was educated in the public schools and then grad- uated from St. Mary’s Hall at Faribault. She is now studying music and vocal culture in St. Paul. Mahlon M., the second child, is attending school in Kenyon. The family are members of the Episcopal church. George Elcock, of Kenyon township, was born in the township May 16, 1863, son of William and Anna (Carmichael) Elcock, both natives of Ireland. The father lived for several years in Canada, and in 1858 came to Kenyon township, buying a farm in sections 10 and 15. He was twice married. His first wife was Anna J. Fraser, by whom he had four children : John, Simon, William and Robert. Ills second wife was Anna Carmichael, and their children were George, Elizabeth, and Anna J. George El- coek was educated in the public school and lias always lived on the farm where he was born. He now owns 160 acres, on which he conducts general farming, being interested mostly in dairying, for which purpose he keeps from 30 to 40 milch cows during the year. Sept. 12, 1894, he married Anna G. Wilson, born in Good- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 859 hue county, June 20, 1866, daughter of Frank J. and Louisa (Eclsal) Wilson, who came to Goodhue county in 1866. The father was born in Canada of American parents and died Aug. 14, 1908. The mother was born in Auburn, New York, and died some four and one-half years before her husband. Mr. and Mrs. Elcock have one son, William George Eleock, born Jan. 24, 1896. Mr. Elcock is a Democrat in politics but never sought or held public office. He is a member of Kenyon Lodge No. 201, A. F. and A. M., of Kenyon village. The family are members of the Episcopal church. Andrew Finstuen, lawyer, and editor and proprietor of the Kenyon Leader, is a native of Roscoe township, this county, born June 27, 1875. Elis parents, P. P. and Mathea (Coplen) Finstuen, came to this country in 1867 and purchased 160 acres of land. Both parents are still living, being well-to-do and prosperous res- idents of Roscoe township. Andrew 'was given the advantages of such schooling as his neighborhood afforded, and then attended the high school at Zumbrota. Subsequently entering the law department of the state university at Minneapolis, he graduated in 1902 and at once started the practice of his profession in Kenyon. He also purchased the Kenyon Leader, which he has since conducted. His law practice is large, and he enjoys the confidence of all those with whom he has legal dealings. His paper is bright and newsy, with able editorials, and is a welcome guest in some thousand homes in the southwest part of the county. A republican in politics, he has taken an active interest in the betterment of the village. His services as a member of the village council, president of that board, as member of the school board, and secretary of the Commercial Club have been highly esteemed. He is also an active member of the Modern Woodmen. Mr. Finstuen was married January 16. 1909 to Matilda Strandness, daughter of Jacob Strandness, an old settler of this county, now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Finstuen make their home in a pleasant residence in Kenyon village, Mr. Finstuen being a property owner here. It is worthy of note that in the family of P. P. Finstuen are eight children, Andrew, the subject of this sketch, being the oldest. Joseph A. Gates, M. D., of Kenyon Village, was born in Olm- stead County, Minnesota, September 11. 1870, a son of Elnathan J. and Jane (Waldron) Gates, the former a native of Vermont and the latter of Pennsylvania. Elnathan J. Gates came to Minne- sota in 1856 and in 1860 to Olmstead County, where he died May 20, 1904. The mother is living in Rochester, Minn. Joseph A. received his education in Rochester, Minn., graduating from the high school. He then entered the University of Minnesota, where he graduated from the medical department in 1895. Im- 830 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY mediately after his graduation he located in Kenyon village, and commenced the practice of his profession. Dr. Gates has always taken an active interest in politics. He has been for eleven years, a member of the village school board. He served as president of the city council in 1900 and was elected a member of the State Legislature for three terms, 1904, 1906 and 1908. He built the Kenyon telephone exchange in 1901 which covers all the territory to Kenyon. He also served as editor of the Kenyon Leader for several years, and is a director in the Citizens’ State Bank of Kenyon. June 10, 1896, he married Jennie Clark, of Rochester, Minn. They have five children : Elnathan, Russell, Nellie, Joseph and Jennie. Fraternally Dr. Gates is a member of Kenyon Lodge No. 201 A. F. and A. M., Tyrian No. 6 R. A. M., Faribault Com- mandery No. 8 Iv. T. and Osman Temple, St. Paul. He is a mem- ber of the A. O. U. W. and M. W. A. of Kenyon, the B. P. O. E. No. 1166 of Faribault. Dr. Gates is a Republican in polities and affiliates with the Methodist Episcopal church. John Elcock, Kenyon village, whose boyhood memories ex- tend back to the first decade of the settlement of this township and county, was born in Ontario, Canada, on New Year’s day, 1845, son of William and Annie J. (Fraser) Elcock, the former a native of Ireland, and the latter a Canadian of staunch Scot- tish descent. The mother died in Canada, when John was very young, and the father brought his motherless family to the United States in 1858, coming first to Hastings, this state. Sub- sequently they spent a short time in Faribault, and then pur- chased 160 acres of land two miles south of Kenyon. On this farm, young John lived and grew to manhood, assisting his father in all the work about the place until 1889 when the father died. During the latter part of his father’s life, John had practical charge of the home farm. In 1889 he moved to his oAvn farm in Kenyon township, which he had previously purchased, and there he carried on farming operations until 1907, when he rented his farm and in company with his brother and sister, Robert and Annie purchased their present fine resi- dence on Main street in the village of Kenyon, where the three now reside. Aside from this home he owns over 200 acres of farm land, in this township. Mr. Elcock is a public spirited gentleman and has served on the town board a number of terms. He votes the Democratic ticket. For many years he has be- longed to the Masonic order. Simon, a brother of John, lives in Oregon. George, another brother resides on the old homestead and Elizabeth, a sister, is Mrs. Shepard, of Kenyon, her hus- band being manager of the Farmers Elevator. The religious preference of the family is that of the Episcopal church. It is worthy of note that in the early days before the railroad came HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 831 through, the members of the Eleock family hauled their grain to Red Wing, the journey taking two or three days. The roads were poor and the loads heavy, and the subject of this sketch has many interesting stories to tell of some of these early trips. Eugene L. Blaker, and his brother Frank J. Blaker are pro- prietors of “Brookside Farm” of Cherry Grove, in which town- ship both were born, the former Nov. 26, 1868 and the latter Dec. 20, 1870. The father, Jacob Blaker, a native of Pennsyl- vania, came to Minnesota and located in Pine Island, where he was married to Jane Root, a daughter of Byington and Maria Root, who came to Cherry Grove township in 1856 and pre- empted 160 acres on which the father erected a house, barns and other necessary buildings, carried on general farming, and to his original purchase later added 80 acres more. Mr. Root died in November, 1881. Jacob Blaker died April 6, 1881, aged 53 years. His wife now lives with her sons. Eugene Avas educated in the public schools of Cherry Grove, and the high school of Zumbrota and Kenyon after Avhich he taught school in the county for three years. In 1889 he took up the management of the homestead, with his brother Frank, and they ha\ T e since continued to carry on general farming and stock raising, oAvning a farm of 240 acres and renting 160 acres which they also cultivate. They have gradually made improA^e- rnents on the house and buildings in general having a barn 40x88, a good granary, a hog house and machine sheds. March 1, 1889 Eugene Avas married to Elizabeth Frederick of Dodge county, daughter of Peter and Mary (Stewart), the former a native of NeAv York and the latter of Wisconsin. They came to Minnesota and located in Dodge county, Avhere they pur- chased a farm on which they still reside. Mr. and Mrs. Blaker liaA r e three children: Mabel D., born- June 6, 1900; Elmer F., born November 2, 1903 ; and Francis E., born December 15, 1907. E. L. Blaker lost his right arm in the corn shredder NoA^ember 5, 1904. He has an artificial arm, carries on all the farm and dairy work, • the same as usual and has no difficulty in doing team work, or in driving and running all kinds of machinery about the farm. Frank Blaker Avas married June 1, 1904 to Hannah Arvidson, of Cannon Falls, by whom he has tAVO daugh- ters ; Bernice E., born April 2, 1906, and Helen G., born Janu- ary 22, 1909. The Blakers liaA r e one sister Mary E. aaTlo married Clarence E. Fitzgarald of Iowa, June 28, 1905, Mabel D. another sister died August 24, 1889, aged 17 years. E. L. Blaker is a Republican in politics, and has held several offices, having been supervisor, justice of the peace, director of school district 85, road overseer, and in 1900, census enumerator. He is also in- 832 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY terested in the Farmer’s Elevators of Kenyon and Bombay. The family faith is that of the Methodist Episcopal church. J. A. Barsness, was born on the farm in Cherry Grove town- ship where he now resides, September 6, 1863, son of A. J. and Gertrude Maria (Skaar) Barsness, natives of Norway. The father came to America in 1854 and located in Chicago, where he was employed in a shingle mill and in the pinery until 1858 when he came to Cherry Grove township and purchased 120 acres of land. Here he built a home and other buildings, and improved his land, carrying on general farming, extensive dairy- ing, and stock raising, now having 300 acres under cultivation. In November, 1862, he married Gertrude Maria Skaar, daughter of Johannes and Martha (ITeltne) Skaar, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1856 and located in Wisconsin, remain- ing a year, after which they came to Wanamingo township, bought 160 acres of land and built a home, barn and other out- buildings. Later they bought 80 acres more in the same town- ship making a farm of 240 acres on which they carried on general farming until the death of the father in 1896, the mother having passed away in 1882. There were six children in the Barsness home : J. A., who manages the farm ; Martha, married to Olaf Hoff, now of Spokane, Wash.; Maria, married to Ole P. Holman of Minneapolis ; Johanna, married to Nels Severson, now of Spokane, Wash.; Lena, who lives at home; and Fred, of Wash- ington. J. A. Barsness received his education in the public schools of Cherry Grove and Zumbrota and in the Red Wing Seminary. After leaving school he worked with his father on the farm and later became interested in the creamery and flour mill at Brand- on, Douglass county. In 1898 he returned home and took charge of the homestead. He has never married. Mr. Barsness is a Re- publican in His politics, but has never sought a public office. He is a stock holder in the Farmer’s Elevator at Kenyon, and attends the Norwegian Lutheran church. Ole T. Berg, of Cherry Grove township, was born in Norway, July 16, 1843, son of Tliov and Lieve (Gjermundson) Berg, na- tives of Norway, who emigrated to America in 1853. The father and his son Ole arrived safely, while the mother and two sisters died on the ocean of a contagious disease. The father located in Rock county, Wisconsin, where he remained for eight years, then came to Minnesota in 1861 and settled in Pine Island town- ship, where he purchased 120 acres of land. This he broke and cleared, built a home and other outbuildings, and carried on general farming until his death in 1887. Ole received his edu- cation in the public schools of Rock county, Wisconsin, and worked with his father until August 15, 1862 when he enlisted in HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY o o o OOO Co. G, 7th Minn. Yol. Inf., as a private, being later promoted to the rank of corporal. He remained in the north until hi October 1863, fighting Indians; then with the Seventh Regiment was ordered south where he staid till the war closed being mustered out at the hospital in Baton Rogue, La., June 7, 1865. After the Avar, he returned home, and in 1869 purchased 125 acres of farm land and ten acres of timber in Cherry Gro\ T e township where he built a home, barn, and other outbuildings, carrying on general farming and raising horses and cattle. On June 20, 1872 he Avas married to Carrie S. Flatland. daughter of AndreAV and Martha Flatland, natives of Noiway, avIio came to America in 1844 and located in Dane county, AYisconsin. Here they remained ten years, after which they removed to Waushara county, AYis- consin, remaining, until 1865. Then they came to Pine Island toAAmship and purchased 160 acres, later adding 80 more. Here they lived until the death of the father in October 1894. The mother died in June 1904. Mr. and Airs. Berg haA r e been blessed Avitli ten children, of whom seA^en are living: AndreAV lives in Wanamingo; Tilda lives at home; Martha married Alel- Aun Strom of Michigan City. Inch ; Lydia litres at home ; Thomas lives in Michigan City, Inch; Olga and Magnus live at home. Air. Berg is an independent voter. He has served his toAAmship, as supervisor and assessor, and has been clerk of school district No. 84 for the long period of 34 years. He is director and treasurer of- the Alinneola Creamery Co., at Wanamingo, and director of the Cherry GroA^e, Wanamingo and Alinneola Fire Ins. Co. He is also a member of the G. A. R. Post 121 of Ziun- brota. The family faith is that of the Lutheran church. Thomas Taft Comstock, of Cherry Grov r e Avas born in the toAvnship, August 19, 1862, son of E. G. and Catherine J. (AYins- ton) Comstock, natives of Alassachusetts and Ncav York states, who came Avest to Alinnesota in 1856, and located in Cherry Grove township, Avhere they pre-empted 240 acres of land which the father cleared and broke, built a home, barn and other out- buildings, and carried on general farming, raising horses, cattle and sheep. The father died in 1891, but the mother is still living in Kenyon. Thomas Taft Comstock received his education at the public schools and at Carleton College. In 1892 he entered the employment of the Case Threshing Machine Co., as general agent, Avhieh position he held for thirteen years. In 1905 he interested himself in the Cannon A r alley PoAver Co., and the Root River Water PoAver Co., Avith which he has since been con- nected. He is also interested in agriculture has 240 acres of land under cultivation and carries on general farming, dairying and stock raising. Mr. Comstock was married December 29, 1887, to Jessie M. Andrist of Roscoe, daughter of Jacob and Eliz- 834 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY abeth (Spreiter) Andrist, natives of Switzerland, Avho came to America and located in Wisconsin, removing later to Minnesota where the father died. The mother is still living at West Con- cord, Minn. Mr. and Mrs. Comstock had two children : Belle M., born January 9, 1889, and Walter J., born June 1, 1899. The mother of these children died June 1, 1899; and December 31, 1901, Mr. Comstock was married to Anna M. Rapp, daughter of Martin and Mary (Moser) Rapp, natives of New York and Wisconsin. Her father came to Wisconsin in 1862, purchased land, carried on. general farming and was also a merchant for a number of years. He died in December 1904. The mother is still living. By this marriage, Mr. Comstock has one child, Lucille Agnes, born May 28, 1903. Mr. Comstock is an in- dependent voter, and has served as town clerk. Fraternally he affiliates with the Elks and the United Workmen. The family attend the Catholic and Methodist Episcopal churches. George E. Callister, Cherry Grove township was born in the Isle of Mann, January 24, 1864, son of Thomas and Jane (Moore) Callister, natives of the Isle of Mann, who emigrated to America in 1869 locating at Northfield,. Minn., where the father farmed for two years, after which they removed to Cherry Grove town- ship, where they purchased 160 acres of land which the father broke and improved, erecting a home, barn and other outbuild- ings necessary to carry on successful farming, remaining until his death in Decemb'er 1895. The mother died in the fall of 1900. George received his education in the public schools of the town- ship, and worked on the farm until in 1895, He then pur- chased a farm of 80 acres, in 1909 added 80 more, and has since followed general farming and stock raising, making many improvements on his farm. April 4, 1900 Mr. Callister was mar- ried to Nona M. Conner, daughter of Frank T. and Caroline (Scott) Conner, the' father a native of New Hampshire and the mother of Roscoe township, this county. The father came west in 1863 and located at Roscoe, where he purchased 240 acres of land and carried on general farming. He died on February 29, 1908, the mother having passed away on July 11, 1893. The farm, at the death of the father came into pos- session of his son Benton and daughter Nona. Mr. and Mrs. Callister have no children. Mrs. Callister has one brother, Ben- ton D. Conner, now of Minneapolis, and Mr. Callister has two brothers, William R., and John J„ both living at Kenyon, Minn. Mr. Callister is a Republican in his political views, and has held several public offices. He has been town supervisor for eight years, and has served the school board of District 120 for a similar period. He is a member of the Modern Woodmen, and is HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 83d director of the creamery at Skyberg. The family faith is that of the Methodist Episcopal church. Erick C. Heltne, was born April 7, 1867, on .the homestead where he is now located in Cherry Grove township. He was the son of Christ and Martha Erickson, natives of Norway. The father was a tailor and farmer, and came to America in 1857, set- tling in Wisconsin. In 1859 they came to Minnesota, and located in Cherry Grove, where they purchased 80 acres of land where the father built a dugout, in which they lived for a time while preparing the farm for cultivation. Later, 40 acres more was added to the farm and the father built a home, barn and other out buildings, carrying on general farming, dairying and stock raising. The father died September 9, 1879 and the mother February 23, 1905. Erick C. received his education in the public schools of Cherry Grove, and worked on the farm with his father until the death of the latter, when he and his brother undertook the management of the farm. In 1896 he purchased the home-, stead and has since continued general farming, dairying and stock raising. January 22, 1896 he was married to Inger Erager, daughter of Nels and Susie Erager, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1878 settling in Cherry Grove, where they are still living. Mr. and Mrs. Heltne, have seven children : Carl, born April 12, 189-6 ; Selma, born May 3, 1898 ; Arthur, born Ferbuary 2, 1900 ; Mabel, born April 13, 1902 ; Joseph, born February 4, 1904, one child who died in infancy, and Emma, born February 25, 1908. Mr. Heltne is a Republican in his political views, and has held the office of treasurer of school district No. 85 for several years. He owns stock in the Farmer’s Elevators of Ken- yon and Bombay. Mr. Heltne has one brother and one sister. The brother Christ C. is living on the homestead and owns 20 acres of improved land in Cherry Grove township, also 40 acres in Wanamingo township. He Avas boim in Wisconsin, June 5, 1859, and *is unmarried. The sister Inger, married Knut Kolstad, and lives at Cherry Grove. All are members of the Norwegian Lutheran church. N. B. Lunde, of Cherry Grove township, Ayas born in Norway, June 2, 1837, son of Botlolf Lunde and Bertha Thurve, avIio were farmers. N. B. Lunde, received his education in Norway, also in America to which country he came in 1859, locating in Wisconsin, Avhere he remained for tAvo years. He then came to Minnesota in 1861 locating in Cherry Grove tOAvnship, where he purchased 160 acres of land Avhich he broke and improved, erect- ed home, barn and other outbuildings, and has since carried on a general line of farming, also raising horses and stock. He now owns 504 acres of land, all under cultivation. He was mar- ried in June 1874 at the age of 37 to Christine, at that time 19 8.36 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY years old, daughter of George and Martha (Mellaum) Davidson, natives of Norway, who came to America and located at Cherry Grove where they purchased land and carried on general farm- ing. The father died in 1908 and the mother still lives on the farm. Mr. and Mrs. Lunde have nine children : Bertinius, who lives at home, David M., a farmer of Douglass county; Martha, married to Samuel Bugge, cashier in a bank at Bagley, Clear- Avater county ; Bertha married to Jones Charleston, a merchant at Edmonds, North Dakota; Herman, who is in partnership Avitli J. Charleston at Edmonds, N. I)., Carrie, Lena, Annie and Marie, Avho live at home. Mr. Lunde is a Republican in liis politics and has served as supervisor, of the school board and director of District 85. He is also interested in the Farmer’s Elevator at Kenyon and Bombay. The family worship at the Norwegian United church. John H. Otterness, of Cherry Grove township, Avas born in Warsaw township November 20, 1868, son of Hans and Bertha Otterness, natives of NorAA T ay, who came to America in 1857 and settled in Wisconsin where they remained for seven years, after Avhich they came to Minnesota locating in WarsaAv town- ship where they purchased 95 acres of improved land and en- gaged in general farming. The mother died April 20, 1907 and the father still lives on the homestead. John IT. received his education in the common school working with his father on the farm until the spring of 1903 when he went to Lake Benton, Minn., and engaged in the mercantile business with Jonas Charl- son for one year. On May 15, 1904 he started in business at Bom- bay where he has since continued. Mr. Otterness was married September 24, 1908 to Turi Homme, daughter of T. G. and Inger Homme, both natives of Norway, who came to America and pur- chased a farm of 160 acres in Wanamingo township where they still live. He has served as constable and school clerk and is in- terested in the Farmer’s Elevator. Mr. Otterness has one broth- er, Jens L. living on a farm at Warsaw. John J. Quam, of Cherry Grove township, was born in Nor- way, January 14, 1855, son of John and Christina (Olness) Quam, natives of Norway Avhere they owned land and lived up to the time of their death. The father died in 1882 and the mother in 1888. John J. received his education in the common schools of Norway and in America, attending high school one Avint.er in Zumbrota. He came to America in June 1873, locating at Stoughton, Wis., where he worked on a farm for one year, then Avent. to IoAva, where he worked on a farm for thirteen months, after which he came to Minnesota and worked on a farm until married. He was married April 1878 to Cecelia Fardahl, daugh- ter of Jens A. and Christina (Vikum) Fardahl, both natives of HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 837 Norway, who came to America in 1854 locating in Wisconsin, where they lived for three years after which they came to Minnesota and located in Cherry Grove township where they gradually acquired extensive tracts of farming lands. On tneir first purchase of 120 acres they erected a home, bam and other out buildings, and carried on general farming. They retired in 1896, purchasing a home in Kenyon, whc^e the father died in 1897 and the mother in 1906. At the time of his marriage (John J. Quam to Cecelia Fardahl) as before mentioned, they received from the latter’s father, Jens A. Fardahl a 160 acre farm where they carried on general farming and extensive dairying also raising horses and cattle. They now own 610 acres, which is al- most all under cultivation, and most of which was formerly of the Jens A. Fardahl estate. Mr. and Mrs. Quam have thirteen children: Christina, (deceased), Christina, married to Charles Steberg of Wanamingo; Jens living at home; Annie married to Peter Langeness living in Cherry Grove; John E., living in Cherry Grove, Henry Selma, Clarence, Gena, Arthur, Gerhard, Jeanette and Alfred all living at home. Mr. Quam is a Republic- an in his politics and the family attends the Norwegian Lutheran church. Osten E. Skaar, pioneer farmer of Cherry Grove township, was born in Lyster, Norway, Nov. 11, 1823, and after spending his boyhood and young manhood in that country came to America in 1854. After living in Wisconsin a short time he came to Good- hue with the early settlers and took up a homestead in Cherry Grove township, where he at once built a home. In 1859 he was married to Mari Barsness, born in Sogndal, Norway, August 10, 1840. She came to Chicago in 1855 and remained a short time with her uncle, Ole Anfinson, with whom she removed to Wana- mingo township, this county, one year later. The uncle took up a homestead, upon which he and his niece resided until her mar- riage. In 1859, at the beginning of their long and happy life together, Mr. and Mi’s. Skaar took up their residence in a sod roof shanty. Soon however, Mr. Skaar erected a good sized, two story log house, but misfortune overtook them and the house was burned to the ground, entailing a total loss. It was 1866, before he was able to rebuild, but in that year he erected a comfortable 20x28 two story house which has since been the home of the family. Besides carrying on general farming, he was a blacksmith and did repairing for himself and for his neighbors. For several years he conducted a horse-power thresher in part- nership with neighbors. Some of the finest horses in the county at that time, were raised on his farm. Osten E. Skaar died October 8, 1898. He had nine children : Martha lives at home ; Gertrude M. married Hans E. Isaacson and lives in Minneapolis ; 838 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Anna M. married Anton Hofstad, of Minneapolis, and now lives in Spokane, Wash.; Andrew A. manages the home farm; Johanna married. Ole B. Hofstad, of Minneapolis; John is a clerk in Spokane, Wash.; Nels 0. assists his brother on the home farm; Christine died in 1893 and Bertha lives at home. The mother of this large family is still living, and occupies the old homestead, her declining years made happy by the love and care of her children. J. S. Brock, of Florence township, was born in New York state September 18, 1839, son of 'Smith and Abigail (Norton) Brock, who came to Wisconsin in 1854 where the father died shortly after. The mother died in Iowa. J. S. Brock came with his parents to Wisconsin and later to Minnesota in 1864 settling in Florence township where he bought land which he broke cleared and cultivated. He has built a fine house and other buildings and carries on general farming and dairying. He has 160 acres of which 100 is under cultivation. He Avas married in 1866 to Anna White, daughter of James and Jane White, natives of Scotland, who emigrated to this country and settled in Rock county, Wisconsin. Mr. and Mrs. Brock have seven chil- dren : William of Central point: Bert, of Idaho; Margaret of North Dakota; Abbie of North Dakota; Flora of North Dakota; Arthur living at home ; and Frank of Lake City. E. N. Lewis, born in Pennsylvania, Aug. 18, 1844, son of Lot and Clarissa Lewis, came to Frontenac in 1854 with the first set- tlers and has since made this his home. The parents took up a claim June 23, 1854, and the father at once set about cultivating the wilderness. He planted the first orchard in the county, and according to family traditions made the first furniture in the county, at the old Post mill in Wacouta. For a number of years he followed general farming, and died September 6, 1887, his farm being purchased by his son who had at that time managed it for several years while his father lived in retirement. In 1862, when a mere youth he enlisted in Co. F, 6th Minn. Yol.Tnf., under Capt. Horace B. Wilson. He took part in the Indian cam- paign, then went to Arkansas, and spent the remainder of the time in the south, being present at the capture and surrender of Mobile. He was honorably discharged and returned to his farm; August 18, 1865. Since that time he has continued to conduct farming operations on his place, eight miles from Red Wing, where lie owns over 450 acres. Of this 80 is under the plow and 200 is timber land. A rich bed of peat underlies the lower part of this farm, covering about 100 acres ; and realizing the rapid decrease of the fuel supply of the country Mr. Lewis justly has hopes that the peat will sometime be of considerable value. Upon the productive portions of his land he carries on general HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 839 farming and makes a specialty of stock raising and dairying, shipping considerable quantities of cream. He has a record of having made as high as 1 ,400 pounds of butter a year. Mr. Lewis was married, in 1877 to Helen E. Thomas, daughter of Tyler Thomas and Eliza A. Spralce, the father a native of Massachu- setts and the mother of New Hampshire. They spent the larger part of their lives in Hudson, N. H., where the father was first a mechanic and later a farmer. Both father and mother are now deceased. To Mr. and Mrs. Lewis have been born two chil- dren. Berdena is the wife of Israel Ward, a farmer of Long Prairie, Todd county, Minnesota. Harry still lives at home. Mr. Lewis believes in a general way in the platform of the Re- publican party, but to a large extent votes independently. He affiliates with the G. A. R. at Red Wing. Michael Ackerman, of Frontenac village, was bom in Ger- many, August 12, 1834, son of Jacob and Annie (Messenschmidt) , natives of Germany, where they both died. Michael received his education in Germany and in 1852 he came to this country and settled in Old Frontenac. He was a carpenter by trade, and was employed by Gen. Garrard, with whom he remained for 28 years. He also owns 80 acres of land in Florence township which he rents and spends his time equally with his son at Frontenac and his daughter at Missoula,, Mont. He had another son William who is now deceased. In 1862 Mr. Ackerman enlisted in Co. G, 2d, Minn. *Vol. Inf., and served in all the battles in which that regiment participated. Mr. Ackerman was married in 1859 to Barbara Katzenberger, and three children blessed this union. Anna, married to Mr. Drefford a wheelwright of Missoula, Mont.; Edward of Frontenac, and William, (deceased). Mr. Ackerman is Republican in his politics. He is a member of the G. A. R. of Lake City, and attends the German Lutheran church. 0. J. Bakko, one of the honored old pioneers, of Holden town- ship, whose name will live in the county whenever is told the story of those sturdy Norsemen who came into this section in the early days was born in Norway, May 26, 1832, son of Gjergin and Kirsten Bakko, the former of whom died in 1846 and the latter in 1872. The subject of this sketch received his education in the schools of his native country and took up farming with his father until coming to America in 1852, when he located in Green Bay, AYis. June 3, 1855 he came to Holden township, and pre-empted 160 acres of land. He was among the earliest pioneers, and the story of the part he took among the first settlers is found in the general history of Holden township appearing in this volume. After arriving here, Mr. Bakko lived in an old pioneer ox-wagon until completing a 12x14 log cabin which for some years he made his home. From this early beginning he developed a farm equal 840 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY to any in the county, having well tilled land and comfortable buildings. In 1908 he retired, since which time he has rented his farm. Mr. Bakko is a Republican in politics and has for many years been an ardent supporter of the Norwegian Lutheran church. He was married in December, 1854 to Margaret Finseth, daughter of Knute and Margaret Finseth, natives of Norway who came to America in 1853 and located in "Wisconsin until 1855 when they came to this county and here ended their days. Mrs. Bakko was undoubtedly the first white woman in Holden town- ship, and the story of her early adventures has often been told. To Mr. and Mrs. Bakko were born eleven children. The oldest George 0. is married and lives in Bottineau county, North Dakota, tie is the one, who as a baby, so took the fancy of an Indian squaw that she stole him, and would have succeeded in getting away had not Mrs. Bakko, who had been drawing a pail of water shouted in such a way that the terrified squaw dropped the infant and fled into the woods. Christine the second child, is the wife of Nels Nyhagen, of Kenyon. Knute 0. also lives in Kenyon. Margaret married Ole Berg and lives in Cali- fornia. Sophia is the wife of E. A. Satron, of Kenyon. EdAvard, the youngest, married Emma Sands, daughter of Henry and Gurine (Elstead) Sands, and conducts a drug store in Kenyon. A. T. Kjos, of Holden township, was born in Skien, Norway, March 5, 1849, and came to America the same year with his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Anderson Kjos. They settled in "Walworth county, Wisconsin, where they lived until 1856, when they moved to Minnesota and settled in section 23, Holden town- ship, where the family still reside. A. T. Kjos AA r as the only son and was obliged to assist his father at an early age. When he Avas ten years of age he drove a string of four yoke of oxen before a breaking ploAv, and at twelA r e years hauled wheat to Red Wing with a yoke of oxen, the trip taking three days. In 1869 he Avas married to Karen Marie Ulvigen, and fifteen children have blessed this union, nine boys and six girls, all of whom are living. In 1887 a Washington Territory colony, with a mem- bership of 35 families Avas organized and Mr. Kjos Avas chosen to go out and locate for the colony; but finding the country and conditions, there, altogether different from Avhat AA r as expected, Mr. Kjos concluded to still continue his residence in Goodhue county, and advised his followers to keep aAvay from Washing- ton. In 1888 Mr. Kjos was elected county commissioner, of the Third district, and has held that office for 16 years. He has also held other minor offices, such as toAvn supervisor, toAvn as- sessor, district school clerk, etc. Mr. Kjos Avas prominent in or- ganizing the Farmer’s Elevator company of Kenyon, and served the first six years, as secretary of the company. The family are HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 841 members of the United Lutheran church of Holden of which Mr. Kjos is a trustee, and has several times been elected to represent the church at the annual meetings. Iver Haugen, proprietor of Prodigy Farm, Holden township, was born on the homestead where he now lives, April 9, 1875, son of Albert and Soneva (Bjoreker) Haugen, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1853, locating in Wisconsin where the father worked for three years, after which they removed to Min- nesota, where they pre-empted 160 acres of land in Holden town- ship, which the father cleared and improved, built a log house where they lived for sixteen years, after which they erected a modern home. They carried on general farming until 1902 when they retired from active life and lived with the son. The mother died in 1904, but the father is still living. Iver received his education in the public schools of Holden, and completed with a course at the State Agricultural school, graduating in 1897. For five years after graduating he was at the experiment station at Crookston, Minn., where he was interested in horses and cattle. He returned home in 1902 and purchased 180 acres of the homestead, and has since been successful in general farm- ing and stock raising, also dairying. April 17. 1902, he was married to Gertrude Hofdahl, daughter of Ole and Mary (Flakne) Hofdahl, natives of Norway, Avho came to America in 1895, settling in Polk county, Minnesota, where they took up a homestead of 160 acres of land and carried on a general line of farming until the death of the father in 1907. The mother still lives at Beltrami, Polk county. Mr. and Mrs. Haugen have five children : Myrtle S., Ila S., Arnold O., Ingmar G., and Gurine A. Mr. Haugen is a Republican in his polities. He is ar member of the Farmer’s Club of Goodhue county, and is a director in the Farmers’ Creamery at Kenyon. The family attend the Nor- wegian Lutheran church. Knute Dalbotten, was born in Holden township on the home- stead where he now lives, January 5, 1870, son of Iver and Anna (Trove) Dalbotten, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1861 settling in Holden township, where they bought 160 acres of timber land, which the father broke, built a home and other out buildings and carried on a general line of farming until his death in October 1888. The mother died in October 1907. Knute received his education in the public schools of the town- ship and worked at home on the farm until in 1900 when he pur- chased the homestead, and has continued general farming, dairy- ing and stock raising. He now cultivates about 100 acres of his land with much success. He has five sisters and one brother. The sisters are : Martha married Andrew Charlson living in Kenyon township ; Carrie married O. I. Haugen ; Ella married 842 Hi STORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Chas. Cliarlson living in Warsaw township; Ida married Martin Flom of Holden ; and Melvina lives at home. The brother Oliver is a. farmer in California. Mr. Dalbotten is a Republican in his- politics and is a member of Yang’s Norwegian Lutheran church. Hiram Alberts, Jr., proprietor of the Pleasant Valley Spring Stock farm, Roscoe township, comes of an early Goodhue county family, and, although it has not been his choice to . engage active- ly in public affairs, is known as a man in whom every good en- terprise has a friend. He is a native born son, having first seen the light of day, May 9, 1878, on the old homestead, section 31, Roscoe township, where he still resides. After receiving his schooling and spending his boyhood on the farm, he went to North Dakota and farmed until 1907. He became a popular resident in that state and was on the high road to prosperity, but upon the retirement of his father lie came back to this township and assumed charge of the home farm. Using up-to-date methods he has developed the farm until it is one of the best in the township, and admirably adapted to general farming which he conducts in connection with stock raising, making a specialty of Poland China hogs, of which he markets over 100 each year. Thoroughly appreciating the advantages of good fellowship and the fraternal spirit, Mr. Alberts has associated himself with both the United Workmen and the Odd Fellows. By Anna Bury, daughter of David and Augusta Lick, whom he married July 12, 1897, he has two children: Ll.yod, born August 12,. 1898, and Esther, born April 23, 1900. The family faith is that of the German Lutheran church. Hiram Alberts, Sr., of Roscoe township, came from Switzer- land to America in 1854 followed a short time afterward by the lady who was to become his wife, whom he married at her par- ents home in Dodge county. In 1856 they took up their home on a quarter section in Cherry Grove township. April 16, 1875, they sold this farm and purchased 300 acres in section 31, Roscoe township, together with 65 acres across the street in Dodge county, making 365 acres in all. Here they followed farming until 1907 when they turned the management of the place over to their son with whom they now make their home, being most estimable old people in every respect. C. H. Freeman, proprietor of Elm Grove Stock and Dairy Farm, Roscoe township, was born in Canada, January 27, 1862, son of George and Ann (Shields) Freeman. He was educated in the common schools, and worked with his father until 1889, when he bought 97 acres of the home farm in Roscoe township. Here he built a fine home, modern stock barn, 36x60, also other out buildings and carries on a general diversified line of farming . HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 843 and stock raising. He was married November 26, 1892 to Minnie F. Mann of Zumbrota, daughter of E. A. and Mary Everett Mann, natives of Massachusetts, who were farmers, and came west locating in Roscoe township, where they purchased 80 acres of land and engaged in farming. In 1884 they retired from active life, and moved to Zumbrota, later going to Red- wood county, where they reside. Mr. Mann was in the Indian massacre. Mr. and Mrs. Freeman have no children. Mr. Free- man is .independent in his polities. He has served On the town board for several years, and has been road master and overseer for several years and also a member of the Farmer’s Elevator Company of Zumbrota. He is a member of the Modern Wood- men, and Mutual Life and Accident Insurance Co. The family faith is that of the Methodist Episcopal church. P. P. Finstuen, of Roscoe township, was born in Norway, November 7, 1846. lie received his education in the public schools of Norway, and worked on the farm. In 1868 he emi- grated to America, coming to Zumbrota, where he worked at various labor for five years. In 1873 he went to Roscoe town- ship, and bought 160 acres of land which he broke and cleared for cultivation. This farm he sold, and in 1885 purchased 163 acres in the same township where he built a dwelling, a modern barn, and other out buildings, and carried on general farming as well as horse and stock raising. March 1873 he was married to Mathea Goplin, daughter of A. and Ingebor Goplin, natives of Norway. They came to America in 1870 and located in Roscoe township, and engaged in farming on 80 acres of land, but later added to it 160 acres more. Both parents are now de- ceased. Mr. and Mrs. Finstuen have eight children: Andrew now of Kenyon; John of North Dakota; Mathilda, the wife of Edwin Swenson now living in Canada ; Albert, of Roscoe ; Oscar Mella, William and Carl, living at home. Mr. Finstuen ’s par- ents. Peter and Agnes ( Olson) Finstuen, were natives of Norway. The father was a farmer. He died in 1851 and the mother in 1901. Mr. Finstuen is a Republican in his political views, and has served on the board of county commissioners for the past three years, also on the school board for a number of years, The family attend the Lutheran church. Peterson Brothers, proprietors of a general store at Roscoe village, opened their present establishment in 1907 and in the short time that the business has continued it has met with the liberal patronage and lias won an enviable reputation for honest methods and square dealing. The brothers are highly esteemed and both are faithful attendants of the Norwegian Lutheran church. Julius P. Peterson was born in 1877 and received his educa- 844 HISTOKY OF GOODHUE COUNTY . tion in the schools of his neighborhood, remaining on the farm until 1907. He is married to Anna Berg, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. O. Berg o'f Pine Island. Otto Peterson was born on September 5, 1881 and received his education in the public schools of Roscoe township, after which he worked as a carpenter and also as a thresher until 1907. He was married September 4, 1908, to Dinah Ellfson, daughter of Ellef and Tha Ellfson, natives of Norway who came to America and located in Roscoe township where they own 90 acres.. The father is now in the employ of the United States government in Panama and the mother and a brother conduct the home farm. Peter Peterson and Bertha Trealstad Peterson, his wife, par- ents of the Peterson Bros., came from Norway to America in the early days and after locating a short time in Hager, purchased 80 acres which. he broke and improved, erecting house, barns and out buildings. Upon this place he conducted general farm- ing until his death, in 1891 his wife having preceded him to the grave by about two years. George Franklin Freeman, the proprietor of Poplar Grove Stock and Dairy farm, Roscoe township, was born in Canada, September 27, 1865. His parents, George Freeman and Annie Shields Freeman, natives of England, came to America in 1854, to Lower Canada. In 1857 they emigrated west to Wisconsin where they remained until in 1868, when they came to Minnesota, and purchased 80 acres of land in Roscoe township. This they broke and cultivated, built a home, barn and other out-buildings and added to their farm, until they had 194 acres. Here they carried on a general line of farming and stcok raising until the father died on February 14, 1889. The mother died in November 1895. George F. Avas educated in the schools of Zumbrota. After leaving school, he took up farming on the home place where he still resides, carrying on farming and stock raising. July 3, 1883, he AA^as married to Louisa Spriestersbaeh, daughter of John and Catherine Spriestersbaeh, natives of Germany, who came to Wisconsin in 1860 and in 1870 to Minnesota, locating at Pine Island, and engaged in farming. Both are hoav dead. Mr. and Mrs. Freeman have had three children : Ethel is dead ; Gladys, born November 28, 1895, attends the Zumbrota high school, George, born November 16, 1891, has graduated from the same institution. Mr. Freeman is a Republican. He has been town treasurer one year, treasurer of the school board for the past 18 years, and road master and inspector of state highway since 1908. Fraternally he affiliates with the I. O. O. F., United Workmen, and the Rebeccas, in which organizations, he has held office. He and his family attend the Methodist Episcopal church. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 845 John Rebrud, Roscoe township, was born in Cherry Grove township, March 31, 1861, son of Ole and Ingerbor Rebrud, na- tives of Norway, who emigrated to America in 1850 and came to Dane county, AYisconsin, where the father worked at various labor, remaining two years. In 1852 they came to Minnesota, and bought 80 acres of land in Cherry Grove township, which they cleared and farmed until in 1869, when they sold this farm and purchased 200 acres in Roscoe township, broke and im- proved the land, built a home and other out buildings, and car- « ried on general and diversified farming, also stock raising. In 1896 the father retired from active life, and enjoyed the benefits of liis labors until he died on December 21, 1901, the mother hav- ing passed away April 16, of the same year. John received his education in the public schools and took up farming at home until 1886, when he went to North Dakota, and remained for five years, engaged in farming. In 1891 he sold his farm, and en- tered the general mercantile business, at White Earth, which he conducted until 1896, when he sold his business and returned to Roscoe township, and assumed the management of his father’s farm of 200 acres, which he has since conducted, carrying on general and diversified farming and stock raising. He was mar- ried in April 1909, to Mary Moe, daughter of John and Ingerbor Moe, of Zumbrota, natives of Norway, where the father was a ship-builder. Mr. Rebrud is a Republican, and has served on the school board and as town supervisor for a- number of years. He and his wife attend the Lutheran church society. Gustav L. Hastad, who resides on a splendid farm in section 5, Roscoe township, was born on the farm where he now resides, March 19, 1868. He was brought up on a farm, acquiring rugged health and such education as the district schools afforded, work- ing with his father until 1890, when he took charge of the home place. Being a hard worker and of a progressive turn of mind, he has made many improvements, erecting a new house and barns, and carrying on farming along the latest approved methods. Since easting his first ballot he has consistently voted the Republican ticket. November 8, 1888, he was married to Mattie Hjalpdahl, daughter of John and Eli Hjalpdahl, natives of Norway. Mr. and Mrs. Hastad attend the Lutheran church. Lawrence and Gertrude Hastad, parents of Gustav L., came to America in 1865 from Norway, their native country and located in Wanamingo township. The following year they purchased the present homestead, breaking and improving the land and erect- ing a suitable residence. The mother died May 30, 1906 and the father now makes his home with the subject of this sketch, be- ing an honored and venerable citizen of the community.' Carl J. Davidson, of Roscoe township, son of David and S46 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Johanna (Hasted) Davidson, was born in Wanamingo township November 12 , 1867. He received his education in the public school of the township, and assisted his father in the work on the farm until in 1895, when he purchased 120 acres of land in Roscoe township. This farm he improved, built a large barn 60x38, and other out buildings, and has recently completed a modern home well furnished throughout. All this land is under cultivation, and he carries on general and diversified farming, and stock raising. He has' also added 80 acres more to his farm, making a total of 200 acres. He was married March 4, 1890 to Ingerborg A. Osteros, daughter of Ole and Elizabeth (Hasted) Osteros, of Roscoe township, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1872, direct to Roscoe township, where they pur- chased 40 acres of land and engaged in general farming. Both parents are now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Davidson have been blessed with six children: Ella J., Lillian C., Gitta E., Dorthena O., Lynn I., and David J., all living at home. Mr. Davidson is Republican in politics. He and his family attend the Norwegian Lutheran church. Albert A. Erstad, of Roscoe township, son of Andrew and Oline (Johnson) Erstad, was born in Minneola township, August 16, 1866. His parents were natives of Norway, and came to this country, in 1854, locating in Iowa where they remained a year, after which they came to Minnesota and purchased a home- stead of 160 acres of- wild land in Minneola township, which the father improved and cultivated, built a home, and carried on general farming and stock raising. In 1877 the mother died and the father married again. He died in 1908 and his widow is living in Minneola on the homestead. Albert A. received his education in the public schools of Minneola and remained on the farm, working with his father until 1896. He then bought 80 acres of his father in Roscoe township, and engaged in farming for himself. Here he built a home and improved the land. In December 30, 1896 he was married to Karen Lunde, daughter of Bernt and Inger (Goplin) Lunde, natives of Norway, who came to this country, in 1866, locating at Roscoe, remaining two years, then went to the pineries, where they lived until 1871. They then returned to Roscoe township and bought 40 acres of wild land, increasing this to 340 acres gradually. They have carried on a general line of farming until recently, when they retired and rented the farm. Mr. and Mrs. Erstad have two children : AVinfred A., boi’n November 16, 1897 and Nora Borghild, born June 8, 1907. Mr. Erstad is a Republican in his politics and has been road overseer. He and his family are members of the Nor- wegian Lutheran church. Albert Finstuen, of Roscoe township, son of Peter P. and HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 847 Martha (Goplin) Finstuen, was born in Roscoe, October 30, 1882. His parents, both natives of Norway, came to America in 1868, and located in Zumbrota, where he worked at various labor for five years. Then he came to Roscoe township, and bought 160 acres of land. This he improved, and built a home, barn and other out buildings, carrying on general farming and stock raising. They still reside on the farm. Albert received his edu- cation in the common schools of the township, and worked with his father on the farm. In 1907 he purchased 160 acres and has since carried on a general line of farming for himself. He was married January 9, 1907, to Clara Swenson, daughter of Peter and Mali (Okelberg) Swenson, natives of Norway, who came to this country in 1859, locating at Rockford, 111., remain- ed a short time, then came to Minnesota, and bought land in Min- neola township, which they broke and improved, carrying on general farming, and adding more land gradually, until they had acquired over 700 acres in all. The father died September 21, 1891, and the mother June 6, 1905. Mr. and Mrs. Finstuen have one son, Curtiss, born July 5. 1905. Mr. Finstuen is a Republican in politics, but has never sought or held any public office. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran church. Gunder S. Gresseth, of Roscoe township, was born in Norway, May 22, 1860, son of Sever Olstad, and Rebur Gresseth, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1865 and located in Roscoe township, where they bought 160 acres of land, which the father broke and improved, carrying on general farming until his death in 1896. The mother died in 1899. Gunder S. received his edu- cation in the common schools of Roscoe and later took a course at the Red Wing Seminary. This he completed in 1881, and re- turned to the farm, where he remained until 1886 when he purchased 80 acres of land in Roscoe township, which in 1893 he sold and returned home, remaining two years. Then he rented 80 acres in Roscoe township, where he farmed for twelve years. In the fall of 1907, he purchased 120 acres and has since carried on general farming and stock raising. He has also been in the real estate business for the past five years. February 27, 1885, Mr. Gresseth was married to Annie O. Tiller, of Hader, daughter of Ole and Annie E. (Storsve) Tiller, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1866 locating in Hader, on a farm carrying on general farming until the death of the father. The mother is still living on the homestead in Hader. Mr. and Mrs. Gresseth have eight children : Rosie IT., Selma E., Gerd A., Melvin E., Emelus, Hilma S., Orlando, and Seref, all of whom are living at home. Mrs. Gresseth died December 24, 1907. Mr. Gresseth is a Prohibitionist in politics, has been chairman of the Prohibition political committee of Roscoe township, and was clerk of school 848 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY district 81, which office he held for three years. The family are members of the Norwegian Lutheran church, of which Mr. Gres- seth has been trustee and deacon for the past twenty years. Gunder H. Hoven, Koscoe township, was born in Norway, September 8, 1850, son of Iialvor and Malina Hoven, natives of Norway who were farmers, which occupation the father followed until his death November 15, 1908. The mother died in 1903. Gunder received his education in the public schools of Norway and assisted his father on the farm. In 1870 he emigrated to America coming direct to Roscoe township, where he worked for three years. In 1873 he purchased 80 acres of land which he cleared and improved, built his home, barn and other out buildings, now carrying on a general line of farming, also rais- ing stock and horses of the Clyde grade. He now owns 347 acres of which nearly all is under cultivation. He was married on December 7, 1874 to Betsy Langness, daughter of Ole and Gert- rude Langness, natives of Norway, who came to this country in 1865, located in South Dakota, and engaged in general farming until the death of the father in 1896. The mother died in 1898. Mr. and Mrs. Hoven have had six children : Olaf, of Roscoe ; Henry, of Roscoe ; Martin, of Roscoe ; Edwin and Gitta, at home, and George (deceased). Mr. TIoven is a Republican and has served as town supervisor for six years. The family faith is that of the Lutheran church. Henry G. Hoven, was born in Roscoe, in which township he still resides, April 19, 1875, son of Gunder II. and Betsy Hoven, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1870, and located in Roscoe township, where the father worked for farmers for three years, after which he purchased 80 acres of land which he broke and cultivated. He built a home and other out build- ings, and gradually adding more land until he now owns 347 acres, and carries on a general line of farming also raising Clyde horses, Shorthorn cattle and sheep. All of his land can be culti- vated. Henry received his education iu the public schools of Roscoe township, completing with a business course at a Red Wing business college. After leaving school he took up farming with his father, remaining Avith him until 1898, when he rented a farm of 160 acres in Roscoe township and began farming for himself. In 1905 he bought this farm and continued diversified farming and stock raising, making many improvements on the place, remodeled the out buildings, and built a large granary and a machine shed. Mr. Hoven was married May 19, 1898 to Jane Thoreson of Roscoe, daughter of Otto and Sigri (Everson Lund) Thoreson, natives of Norway, who came to this country and located in Wanamingo township. After two years, they pur- chased 120 acres of land which the father improved, and on HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 849 which he conducted general diversified farming until 1876 when he sold this farm, and bought 200 acres in Roscoe township, where they still reside, later adding 120 acres more. He also lias 160 acres of improved land in North Dakota, with a house and buildings. Mr. and Mrs. Iloven have four children : Bertha S., born April 29, 1900 ; Otto G., born April 2, 1903 ; Georgia E., born February 12, 1905, and Gillner, born September 21, 1908. Mr. Hoven is a Republican and is a director of the school board of his district, which office he has held for the past your years. He is also town treasurer, and is serving his third term. He and his family are members of the Norwegian Lutheran church. Bernt J. Lunde, of Rosco township, was born in Norway, June 1, 1847, son of Johannes and Caroline (Jerland) Lunde, natives of Norway. He received his education in the common schools of Norway and later attended the high school. After school days were over, he took up farming at home with his father and in 1866 he came to this country, direct to Zumbrota, where he worked on the farms in the summer, and in the pineries in the winter. In 1871 he purchased 40 acres of land in Roscoe town- ship, of which 17 acres was improved land, and the rest he cleared and improved. For four years he cultivated this land and then purchased 80 more, gradually adding more and more until he had 330 acres, all under cultivation. He now carries on general farming and stock raising. March 4, 1871, he was mar- ried to Inger Goplin of Roscoe, whose parents were natives of Norway, and came to' America in 1869 locating in Roscoe town- ship, where the father died in 1888, the mother having passed away in 1878. Mr. and Mrs. Lunde had eight children: Marie married Erick A. Strand and lives at Roscoe; Carry married Albert Erstacl of Roscoe; Julia A. married Knute O. Strand; Lena married Albert Swenson of Roscoe ; Ada married Elling O. Bakke of Minneola ; John, Alfred and Ellen live at home. Mr. Lunde is a Republican and has served as treasurer for school district No. 106 for the past six years, also as road overseer for a number of years. He and his family are members of the Nor- wegian Lutheran church of which Mr. Lunde is one of the trustees. John Money, of Roscoe township, was born in Switzerland, October 20, 1851, oldest son of John and Elizabeth (Bringgold) Money, natives of Switzerland, where the father was a cooper and carpenter. They emigrated to America in 1854, settling in New York state, where they engaged in farming. In 1877 the mother died, and in 1882 the father came west to Minnesota and took up his residence with his son, where he died May 20, 1903. John received his education in the schools of the town of Louise, Lewis county, New York, and after finishing his studies, worked 850 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY on the farm with his father, also at coopering, and in a saw mill. In 1878 he came west to Minnesota and landed at Red AVing March 13. He bought 40 acres of land in Roseoe township, which he cleared and improved, and built a home, barn and all out buildings, carrying on a general and diversified line of farming. In 1891 he added 50 acres, which he cleared, and improved. Later on he built a saw mill and general repair shop, a business which is now increasing rapidly. In 1875, March 8, he was mar- ried to Elizabeth Meyers, of New York state, daughter of Ed- ward and Catherine Meyers, natives of Germany, who came to America in 1851 and located in New York state, where the father engaged in farming. They are both living. Mr. and Mrs. Money have one son, John Edward, born in New York state March 8, 1876, who is interested in business with his father. *He is mar- ried, his wife being Mabel Josephine Belden. They have four children: Lillian, George, Bernice, Harley. Mr. Money is a democrat in his political views, and lias been clerk of the school board for the past 24 years. lie has also served as town super- visor for one year, and road master for a number of years. They are members of the Lutheran church. Ludwig H. Ofstie, was born on the farm where he now resides in Roseoe township, June 9, 1871, son of Hans and Mary (David- son) Ofstie, natives of Norway who came to America in 1861, direct to Goodhue county. The father worked on a farm for a time, and in 1869 purchased 160 acres of land and engaged in farming. The land was wild and he broke a small part of it and built a house which was destroyed by fire in 1871. A log house was built just after the fire and this was used until 1902 when it was replaced by a fine modern house of brick. They have con- tinued to improve the land and buildings, erecting a barn and other buildings also a large silo in 1908. The father died October 22, 1893, and the son then assumed the management of the farm. Ludwig received his education in the common schools of the township, worked Avith his father on the farm, and has since con- tinued to carry on general farming and dairying extensively, keeping a large number of cows of the Holstine grade. His land is all under cultivation. Mr. Ofstie is an only child and is single, his mother living on the homestead Avith him. He is Republic- an in his politics, has served as constable for eight years, and as road master for a number of terms. He is the president of the AVauamingo creamery, which office he has held since 1901. He is a member of Land’s Norwegian Lutheran church. Fetter Oluff Petterson, of Roseoe township, was born in Rock Prairie, AALs.. December 4, 1860, son of Frederick and Anna (Jen- son) Petterson, natives of Norway, who came to this country, in 1857, and located at Rock Prairie, AVis. The father followed HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 851 painting and carpentering for five years, after which they came to Roscoe township in 1862 and engaged in farming. In 1868- they purchased 160 acres of wild land, which they cleaned and improved, and followed general farming. The father died in 1908, September 4, and the mother June 2, 1908. In 1875 the father was elected to the legislature for one term. There were three children in the Petterson home : Christian of Clearwater county, Minnesota; Christine (adopted), of Olmstead county, Minnesota, and Petter 0., the subject of this sketch. Petter 0. received his education in the common schools of the township and worked on the farm with his father until 1894. when he took entire charge of the farm. At his father’s death he came into possession of the homestead, and has carried on general farming, also manufacturing “Gammal-ost” cheese. Being the only one in the county who produces the commodity he finds a ready mar- ket. Mr. Petterson is single. He is a Republican in politics and belongs to the Lutheran church. Tollef 0. Sundry, of Roscoe township, was born in Norway, March 4, 1864, son of Ole and Aagot (Newhouse) Sundry, natives of Norway. The father came to America in 1880, with his son, and located in Saint Ansgar, Iowa. The father died May 22, 1894, and the mother August, 1872. Tollef came to America in 1880, located in Iowa, attended the public schools and also the high school at Saint Ansgar. After school days Avere over he took up farming until 1886, when he went to North Dakota and was employed as car inspector for the Great Northern railroad at Minot, for five years. While in North Dakota he took up a homestead of 160 acres, and in 1892 he remoA^ed to Roscoe toAvn- ship and purchased 160 acres in section 19, which he improved, erecting a neAA T barn in 1897 and a neAV house in 1907. He noAV follows general farming and stock raising. January 26, 1890, Mr. Sundry Ava.s married at Zumbrota, to Emma Thoreson, daugh- ter of Otto and Sigricl Thoreson. They have six children : Orrin E.. born February 12, 1891 ; Sigrid O., born June 15, 1892 ; Thur- low E., born February 21, 1894; Archie V., born May 7, 1896; Roy M., born July 7, 1901 ; and George J., born February 9, 1903, all living at home. Mr. Sundry is a Republican in political vieAvs, and fraternally affiliates with the Masons of Zumbrota and the Modern Samaritans. He has been assessor of the toAvnship for a good many years, is noAV clerk of school district 81 and has been employed in the House of Representatives as doorkeeper and telephone messenger. He is also a stockholder in the Farmers’ Elevators of Zumbrota and WanamingO, and in the Minneola Creamery. He and his family are members of the NorAvegian Lutheran church. Alfred Swan, of Roscoe toAAmship, Avas born in Sweden NoA r em- 852 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY ber 18, 1865, son of John P. and Mary Swan, natives of Sweden. The mother died on April 13, 1875, and the father, a shoemaker by trade, emigrated to this country in 1879, locating in Wiscon- sin, where he remained a short time, then came to Minnesota and settled in Roscoe township, where he rented land and engaged in farming nine years. He then went to Belvidere township, where he lived fifteen years, after which he returned to Roscoe, where he died January 26, 1908. Alfred received his education in the common schools of Sweden and later in America, where he attended for a short time. After leaving school he worked at farming and later as carpenter, and also engineered a thresh- ing machine. In 1898 he rented the farm where he now lives. Later he secured the farm, and now owns 200 acres, which he manages, carrying on general farming and stock raising. He was married August 1, 1891, to Mary Swenson, adopted daughter of Charles and Dorthia Swenson, natives of Sweden and Nor- way, who came to the United States in 1859, locating in Rock- ford, 111., where they remained but a short time, subsequently coming to Minnesota, purchasing a farm of 160 acres in Roscoe township. This they cleared and improved, built a home, and carried on general farming until his death, November 8, 1891. The mother died January 16, 1908. Mr. and Mrs. Swan have five children: Ella M., born October 10, 1896; Alice, born Octo- ber 14, 1897 (deceased) ; Clara A., born December 7, 1898; Hulda E., born April 10, 1901; and Esther V., born November 15, 1906. Mr. Swan is a Republican in his political views, and has served his township as roadmaster and clerk of school district 80 for a number of years. He and his family are members of the Meth- odist Episcopal church. Otto Thoreson, of Roscoe township, was born in Norway, May 25, 1842, son of Thore Eleven and Engeborg (Skordahl) Eleven, natives of Norway, the former of whom died in Norway in 1878 and the mother in 1861. Otto received his education in the pub- lic schools of Norway and worked with his father on the farm. In 1861 he emigrated to America and located in Wanamingo township, where he worked for farmers for two years, after which he purchased 120 acres of land which he broke and improved. In 1876 he sold this farm and bought 160 acres in Roscoe town- ship. Later he purchased eighty more and again added forty. Here he carried on general farming and stock raising. All his land is under cultivation and he has 160 acres of improved land in North Dakota. He was married in July, 1863, to Sigrid Ever- son, daughter of Ole and Jonette (Opem) Lund, natives of Nor- way, who came to this country in 1857 and located in Wanamingo, where they bought a claim of 160 acres and carried on general farming until the death of the father in 1886. The mother is IIIST0BY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 853 still living in Wanamingo at the age of ninety-three. Mr. and Mrs. Thoreson have a family of seven children : Gurina, mar- ried to John A. Johnson, of Zumbrota ; Engeborganna, married to T. 0. Sundry, of Roscoe ; Theodore, married to Emma Starz, living at Zumbrota; Jonette, married to Henry Hoven; Othelia, married to Charles Olson, of Roscoe; George and Leonard B., living at home. Mr. Thoreson is a Republican, and has served on the town board and school board for a number of years. The family attend the Luthern church. Axel Ahlgren, of Belvidere township, was born in Sweden, September 3, 1867, son of John and Annie Ahlgren, natives of Sweden, who came to America in 1869 and located in Red Wing, Avhere the father worked in a lumber yard for twelve years, after which he rented a farm in Featherstone township for about ten years, carrying on general farming. He then removed to Todd county, and later to Adams county, North Dakota, where he took a homestead of 160 acres, and where the mother died August 17, 1908. The father died July 1, 1909. Axel received his education in the public schools of Red Wing, after which he worked on a farm and clerked in a grocery store in Red Wing until 1897, when he entered into business with H. J. Bang, of Belvidere, the firm being known as H. J. Bang & Co. This firm has since continued successfully, enjoying a large trade. Mr. Ahlgren was married July 21, 1893, to Mary A. Nelson, daughter of Erick and Anna (Johnson) Nelson, natives of Sweden, who came to Amer- ica in 1869, settling in Red AYing, where he is employed in the Red Wing Furniture Factory. Mr. and Mrs. Ahlgren have three children: Hazel Marie, born July 15, 1894; Raymond A., born April 3, 1897 ; and Bernard II. E.. born May 26. 1903. Mr. Ahl- gren served for two years in Company G, at Red AYing, as private. He is justice of the peace of Belvidere and a member of the Modern AYoodmen. The family attends the English Lutheran church. Carl P. Benrud, of Belvidere township, was born in Norway, September 3, 1858, son of Peter and Sophia (Johnson) Benrud, natives of Norway, who came to America June 24, 1875, and located in Monroe county, Wisconsin, where they purchased ninety acres of land, remaining 'two years, after which they sold and purchased forty acres and farmed for five years. He then sold this land to his son, with whom the father now makes his home. The mother died in 1903, aged eighty-six years. Carl P. received his education in the public schools of Norway and came to Amer- ica with his parents, remaining with them until 1880, when he bought eighty acres in Monroe county, AYisconsin, of which he cleared sixty-five acres and built a house and other buildings. He remained until 1884, when he returned to Minnesota and pur- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 854 chased 160 acres in Belvidere township, improving the land and erecting buildings and carrying on a general line of farming, add- ing eighty acres in 1908, so that he now cultivates 240 acres, mak- ing a specialty of raising fine stock and horses. November 11, 1882, he was married to Gunnel Knutson, daughter of Ole and Gunnel (Nelson) Knutson, natives of Norway, who came to Amer- ica in 1856, locating in Staton, Wis., coming later to Minnesota, in 1858, and settling in Goodhue county, where they conducted farming operations on 160 acres of land until the death of the father in 1867. Later the mother married Oliver Knutson, a brother of her first husband, and they purchased another 160 acres and carried on general farming. The mother died Septem- ber 21, 1875. Mr. and Mrs. Benrud have six children: Gust A., born September 7, 1886; living at Goodhue; Hannah P., born July 16, 1888; Ole Christian, born January 2, 1890; George Ken- neth, born July 27, 1892; Paul Albert, born September 3, 1894; and Minnie Sophia, born February 21, 1899. Mr. Benrud is a Republican in his political views and the family attend the Norwegian Lutheran church. Henry E. Bollum, one of the substantial residents of Belvidere, is a native born son, having first seen the light of day in the township, July 21, 1865, son of Ole J. and Helena (Oppergaard) Bollum, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1862 and located in Belvidere, where they purchased a farm of 120 acres, which they increased until the homestead consisted of 680 acres of good land. Here the father died in October, 1890, and the mother still lives on the home place, with her son. Henry E. attended the schools of his neighborhood and took a course at St. 01 af ’s College at Northfield. Since leaving he has engaged in farming, owning 200 acres, and renting eighty more, raising the usual crops and breeding live stock. Mr. Bollum is a Republican in politics and is now serving as town clerk of Belvidere and as clerk of school district 117. He is vice president of the Farmers’ Mercantile Association of Goodhue, and, being an active church worker, has served several years as secretary and treasurer of the Norwegian Lutheran church at Belvidere. By Minnie C. Johnson, whom he married February 24, 1890, Mr. Bollum lias six children: Ordner, Lillian, Edna, Elmer, Florence and Walter. Tollef Johnson, father of Mrs. Bollum, was born in Norway, December 28, 1841, and came to America in 1861. One year later he enlisted in Company G, Seventh Minnesota Volunteer Infan- try, and served in the Indian campaign, afterward participating in a number of Southern campaigns. Upon his return he pur- chased a farm of 160 acres in May Creek township, where he remained seven years, afterward selling out. He then purchased eighty acres in Belvidere, increased this to 200 and carried on HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 855 general farming until 1907, when he retired and moved to Red Wing. He was married in December, 1861, to Caroline Christson, by whom he had eight children: Julia, Clara E., Minnie C., Charles 0., Christian J., Carl J., Caroline M. and May 0. Henry Fitschen, a scientific farmer of Belvidere, was born in Germany, June 22, 1852, son of Jurgen and Kate (Hoeft) Fitschen, both natives of that country. He received his educa- tion in Germany, and later attended school in America for three months. He came to America in 1869, took up farming and in 1869 came to Minnesota and located in Hay Creek, where he worked for his brother Cord for seven years. In 1876 he pur- chased eighty acres in Belvidere township, where he has since made his home, improving his land, adding more gradually, until he owns over 400 acres, of which 300 are under cultivation. He carries on general farming and makes a specialty of raising fine stock and horses. He was married March 22, 1876, to Margaret Ohlhaber, daughter of Claus and Christina (Gerken) ' Ohlhaber, natives of Germany, who came to America, where the mother died in 1884. The father is still living with a daughter in Feather- stone township. Mr. and Mrs. Fitschen have had seven children, of whom six are living: Annie AY., married to Cord Kohrs, living- on a farm in Belvidere ; Claus, now of Belvidere ; Eliza C., mar- ried to William Betcher, a farmer of Hay Creek; John C., Louis J., and Albert AY., living at home. Mary died in infancy. Air. Fitschen is a Republican and lias been treasurer of school dis- trict 34, which office .he held for five years. He has been path- master for four years. The family faith is that of the German Lutheran church. Air. Fitschen is a fine example of a farmer whose heart is in his work and who performs his duties intelli- gently and with a knowledge of agricultural conditions. He has fed stock since early boyhood and carries on farming not only for the purpose of making a living, but for the pleasure he derives from watching the sprouting and maturing of the harvests and the development of the animals. His stock receives the best of care and each animal on the place realizes that it has a friend and thoughtful caretaker in its owner. Since Air. Fitschen com- menced farming all the straw raised on his place has been returned to the land for fertilizer ; thus the land grows richer year by year, instead of becoming worn out. It is such farmers as he who add to the dignity of what is one of the .noblest callings in which man can engage. Nelson B. Gaylord, first settler of Belvidere, was a man well suited for pioneer life. Staunch of mind and body, fearing neither difficulties nor hardships, he worthily carved the way for the prosperity of modern times. He was born in Pennsyl- vania, November 1, 1823, migrated to Illinois in 1837 and came HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 856 to Goodhue county, with his brother George, in the spring of 1855, taking up his residence on Rock creek, in the northern part of what is now Belvidere. Later he moved to a location near Wells creek. .In 1858 he started the milling business by grinding grain and coffee for his neighbors with a large hand coffee mill. In 1861, he erected a grist mill, which had a large business. He opened a general store and in 1878 was appointed postmaster. Mr. Gaylord took an active part in public affairs, and served in various township and school offices. He also served in the Civil war and later joined the G. A. R. He was married July 8, 1847, to Hanna Lewis. Of the children born to this union, Edwin, Ada, Lot, Archard and Osmer are living. On April 10, 1895, he was married to Caroline Maze Cook, born in Albany, New York, April 6, 1848. daughter of AY. II. and Christina (Garrett) Maze, natives of New York. The family came to Columbia county, YYis- consin, in the early days and purchased 160 acres, where the father carried on general farming for a time and then moved to Pine Island township, where he farmed until his death. The mother died in Belvidere. Caroline Maze married her first hus- band, Jacob C. Cook, at Pine Island, April 5, 1865. Mr. Cook was born in Freedom, Cattaraugus county, New York, March 13, 1825. A carpenter and wheelwright by trade, he came west in the early days and worked for a time in the employ of D. C. Hill, also living for a time in Pine Island. He died in Red AYing, July 28, 1878. By this marriage three children were born: AVilliam P., who died at the age of three months ; Allan .C., who after twenty years in the mail service is still employed as a Red AYing mail carrier, and Ralph E., now employed at the Red AYing Sewer Pine works. After her marriage to Mr. Gaylord, Mrs. Gaylord lived with him at Belvidere Mills until his death, December 27, 1903, after which she moved to Red AYing, where she now resides at 707 Potter Street- Perry George, of Belvidere township, was born in Sheldon, AYyoming county, New York, April 8, 1847, son of Peter and Anna Maria (AVagner) George, natives of Luxemburg, Belgium, who came to America in 1834 and located in AYyoming county, New York, where they purchased land and carried on a general line of farming until the spring of 1861, when they sold the farm, emigrated Avest to Minnesota, and settled in Hay Creek toAvnsliip, remaining until the spring of 1862, when they removed to Bel- videre township and bought eighty acres of land, which the father improved, erecting a home, barn and other outbuildings, and carrying on a diversified line of farming. In 1870 they retired and lived with the son on the homestead. The father died in August, 1890, and the mother February, 1901. Perry received his education in the public schools of New York state HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 857 and Red Wing, being taught at the latter place by Rev. J. W. Hancock. He worked on the farm with his father until 1868, when he rented eighty acres which he farmed, also running a threshing machine for five years. In 1869 he purchased eighty acres in Belvidere township. This was wild land, which he broke, improved and cultivated. In 1872 he purchased the homestead, adding eighty acres, making a farm of 210 acres, on which he conducts general farming and stock raising. Mr. George was married June 10, 1871, to Caroline Isensee of Belvidere township, daughter of Henry and Caroline (Opperman) Isensee, natives of Germany. Mr. and Mrs. George have been blessed with ten children : Alex H., a druggist of Chicago, died at the age of 26 years ; Charles L., is a dentist of Park Rapids, Minn. ; Maud married Martin McHugh of North Dakota; Alfred P. is a dentist of Chicago; William H. lives at home; Caroline L. is a teacher living at home ; Julia M., Grover C. and Florence E. live at home, and Julius died in infancy. Mr. George is a Democrat in his political views and has taken an active interest in public life, being a representative in the State Legislature from Goodhue county in 1879. He has also served as county commissioner, was town supervisor one year, chairman for fifteen years, also clerk of school district 33 for twenty years, assessor for twelve years, and justice of the peace for twenty-five years. The family attend the Lutheran and Episcopal churches. Julius H. Isensee, Belvidere township, was born in Frontenac, August 14, 1860, son of Henry and Caroline (Opperman) Isensee, natives of Germany, who came to America in 1853, locating in Loekport, N. Y., where the father Avas employed on the suspen- sion bridge for a short time. He came west to St. Paul, Minn., the same year and in 1854 located in Frontenac, where they pur- chased a home, later taking a homestead of 160 acres in Florence township, where the father carried on. general farming and worked at his trade of stone mason until the spring of 1869, when he sold his home and farm and bought 160 acres in Belvi- dere township, to Avhich he added until he had 240 acres. They retired from active life in 1889. The father died in May, 1907, and the mother in September, 1906. Julius H. received his edu- cation in the public schools of Frontenac and Behddere, after Avhich he took up farming until 1881, Avhen he learned the black- smith’s trade, Avhich he folloAved for five years in Red Wing. In 1886 he purchased eighty acres of improved land and carried on general farming for five years. Later he sold this land, pur- chasing another eighty acres, Avliere he built a home and other necessary buildings, adding to his land until noAv he has 240 acres under cultUation. He carries on general farming and stock raising, and lias erected a modern stock barn. He u r as 858 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY married June 15, 1893, to Alvina H. Ivriett, daughter of Peter and Mattie (Hendrick) Kriett, natives of Germany, who came to America in 1860, locating in St. Louis, where the father worked on vessels. Coming to Minnesota in 1875, he took up a home- stead of 160 acres, where he continued a general line of farming until his death in 1881. The mother was married later to John Boesch of Lake City, where she still resides. Mr. and Mrs. Isensee have four children: Henrietta M., Julia A., Alvin L. and Henry D. Mr. Isensee is a Democrat in politics, lias served as supervisor for six years, and has been constable and director of school district 117. The family attend the German Lutheran church. Ammon Larson, one of the early settlers of Belvidere, was born in Norway and brought his family to America in 1855, lived in Wisconsin a year and then in 1856 coming to Belvidere town- ship, where he farmed 160 acres of land, which when he pre- empted it was wild and uncultivated. He built the first frame house that was erected on the prairies of Belvidere, and in many other ways assisted in the development of the township. An account of his death is found in the sketch of David A. Larson. Lewis A. Larson, clergyman, was born in Norway, son of Ammon Larson, and came to this country with his parents at the age of five years. He worked on the home farm in Belvidere township until attaining his majority, at which time he studied for the Methodist ministry, in which holy calling he continued until his death, August 9, 1908. During his long ministry he was stationed at St. Paul; Chicago; Racine, "Wis. ; Minneapolis; New- burg, Minn.; Freeport, Iowa, and Lansing, Iowa. His wife, who was Martha Planson, is living. Otto A. Larson, son of Lewis A. Larson, was born in St. Paul, February 8, 1879, and there received his early education, also attending the high school at Racine, Wis. Soon after leaving school lie came to Belvidere township and took up work on his grandfather’s old homestead, where he now carries on general farming, owning, in addition, a neighboring tract of eighty acres. In 1908 he erected a fine new barn. Mr. Larson is a Republican in politics and belongs to the Norwegian Methodist church, in which denomination his father was a clergyman. Otto A. was this fourth of a large family of children. The others are as follows: Marion A., wife of Oscar Swan, of Beach, N. D. ; Jennie E., wife of Andrew Tollefson, a Chicago printer; Abner B., of Belvidere; Lillian M., wife of Lester Hanson, a railroad mail clerk in South Dakota; Dennis J., a timekeeper for Turner & Johnson at Chi- cago ; Caleb F., who lives at home ; George W., also a timekeeper for Turner & Johnson, at Chicago. For three generations the HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 859 family lias been highly esteemed, and its members all occupy an honorable place in the community. David A. Larson was born in Belvidere township, August 4, 1859, son of Ammon E. and Bertha (Davidson) Larson, natives of Norway, who came to America and located in Iowa in 1855. July, 1856, they came to Goodhue county and started as new beginners on the farm that their son, Rev. L. A. Larson, bought about ten years ago. Ammond Larson was born February 20, 1823, and was drafted to serve in the Civil war. He was mustered May 27, 1864, in Company D, Second Minnesota Volunteer Infan- try, and was discharged for disability May 22, 1865. He was taken ill and came home, where he died a month later, September 2, 1865, and was buried beside the Methodist Episcopal church in Belvidere. His wife, Bertha, who is still living, was also born in Norway, July 24, 1827. They had seven children, of whom only two are living, David, and John A. of Tennessee. David received his education in the public school of Belvidere and worked on the farm until 1880, when he rented eighty acres, and five years later purchased eighty. In 1886 he bought his present farm in Belvidere township and has since sold his eighty acres. He now carries on general farming and dairying. He was married November 10, 1886, to Helena Olsen, of Gilman, Pierce county, Wisconsin. She was born in Norway, December 27, 1859, daughter of Christopher Olsen, born in Norway, August 3, 1825, and Anna Maria (Peterson) Olsen, born April 5, 1823, also a native of Norway. They came to America in 1865, and located in Racine, AVis., where they lived for five years, the father a carpenter by trade, being employed at woodwork. In 1870 they moved to Gilman, Pierce county, Wisconsin, and purchased eighty acres of land and farmed until 1886, after which they removed to Hutchinson, Minn., where the father had charge of the Norwegian Methodist Episcopal church for two years. Then they returned to the farm, where the father died November 17, 1890, and was buried in Martell, Pierce county, Wisconsin. The mother died in St. Paul, Minn., May 7. 1899. and was buried at Forest Home cemetery. Mr. and Airs. Larson had four children : Clarence Alvin, born August 12, 1887, now an electrical student, of St. Paul; Alison Bernard, born November 3. 1889; Edwin Fletcher, born July 2, 1894, and Lilly Ruth Delia, born June 10. 1898, all of whom are at home. Mr. Larson is a Republican in his politics. He has served as township supervisor for the past- three years, road master for four years, and clerk of school dis- trict 32 for the past twelve years. The family attend the Aleth- odist Episcopal church in Belvidere. William H. Labbitt, proprietor of.AIaple Lawn farm, Belvidere township, was born in Wabasha county, Alinnesota, July *21, 1865, SGO HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY son of George and Mary (Hutchinson) Labbitt, natives of Eng- land and New York state. The father, a farmer, came to America in 1839 and located in New York state until .1856, when he emigrated west to Minnesota, and settled in Winona, remain- ing one year, after which he removed to Lake City and purchased 160 acres of land, where he carried on general farming until his death, December 10, 1901. The mother died November 4, 1900. William received his education in the public schools and worked on the farm until 1890, when he bought eighty acres of land in Belvidere township, later purchasing 160 acres more, making many improvements on the land and buildings, and erecting a modern barn in 1900. He raises tine horses, short-horn cattle and other stock and carries on general farming. Mr. Labbitt was married September 10, 1890, to Ella M. Brown, daughter of Walter and Mary (Pearson) Brown, natives of New York and England. The father, a carpenter and shipbuilder, came to Minnesota in 1857 and located in Lake City, where he pre-empted land and carried on general farming until he retired in 1894, and removed to Lake City, where he died July 25, 1901. The mother died January 21, 1906. The father was a veteran of the Civil War. The old homestead remained in the Brown family until the death of Mrs. Brown. Mr. Babbitt’s father and Mr. Brown were of the early settlers, who used shingles as currency, there being no money in circulation. Shingles denoted so much money and were considered legal tender. Mr. and Mrs. Labbitt •have three children: Raymond W., born June 21, 1891; Ralph IT., born May 30, 1896, and Herbert W., born August 5, 1900. Mr. Labbitt is a Prohibitionist in his political views, and has served as treasurer of school district 33. He is now serving as constable. The family faith is that of the Methodist Episcopal church. John Martens, Belvidere township, was born in Hanover, Germany, July 23, 1846, son of Deitrick and Margaret (Platrig) Martens, natives of Germany. The father died in August, 1846, and the mother passed away in Belvidere. John received his edu- cation in the public schools of Germany, after which he learned the trade of brick and stone mason, which he followed until 1865. Tie then went to England, where he was employed in a sugar factory, remaining nine months. In 1866 he emigrated to America, coming to New York, where he stayed for a short time, working in a sugar factory, then came west to Minnesota, set- tling in Belvidere township, where lie purchased 160 acres of wild land in section 14, which he cleared and improved, later purchasing an additional 160 acres in section 22. Here he built a home, barn and other outbuildings and now carries on general farming. He also has 160 acres in section 26 and 160 acres in HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 861 Gilford township, Wabasha county, all of which is under cultiva- tion. He raises Percheron horses and fine stock, including full- blood and short-horn Durham cattle. In November, 1871, Mr. Martens was married to Anna C. Schmidt, daughter of Hans and Mary (Fitch) Schmidt, natives of Germany, who came to America in 1865 and located in Belvidere township, where they purchased land and carried on general farming until the death of the father in 1893. The mother is still living at Red Wing. Mr. and Mrs. Martens have had thirteen children : Mary, married to Dick Burfiend, now of Washington; John, a granite worker at Lake City; Margaret, married to Henry Reinke, of Belvidere; Katie, married to Adolph Amundson, of Belvidere; Johanna, married to Henry Siewert", of Gilford, Wabasha county; Edward S., now of Montana; Henry, who lives near Goodhue; Frank, Emma, Bernard, Charles W. and Lawrence, who are at home, and Dick, who died in infancy. In his political views Mr. Martens is a Republican. He has been director of school district 33 for seven years and is a stockholder in the Farmers’ Elevator of Goodhue, in which township he also owns other property. He and his family are members of the German Lutheran church, of which he has been a trustee for thirteen years. Anton Schafer, Belvidere township, was born in Hay Creek township January 27. 1868, son of John and Gertrude (Strom- berg) Schafer, natives of Germany, who came to America July 26, 1866, and settled in Hay Creek, where they rented eighty acres of land and carried on farming for a period of five years. In 1871 they purchased 160 acres in Belvidere township. A part of this land was improved and had a log house on it. The father continued to improve the place, built a home, barn and other necessary buildings, and added more land from time to time, until he owned at the time of his death 600 acres, of which 160 acres are in Wabasha county. He retired from active life in 1895 and died November 11, 1905. The mother is still living on the homestead, at the age of seventy-six years. Anton Schafer re- ceived his education in the public schools of Hay Creek and worked on the farm at home until 1896, when he came into possession of 240 acres of improved land, and has since carried on general farming and stock raising. February 2. 1898. he was married to Margaret Meyer, daughter of John and Katie (Bur- fiend) Meyer, the father a native of Germany and the mother of America. - The father came to America August 6, 1868, and was employed at farm work in Belvidere township six years. In 1874 he purchased 160 acres in the same township and carried on a diversified line of farming. He is now retired and lives in Lake City. Mr. and Mrs. Schafer have two children: Arthur J., born September 12, 1900, and Vincent A., born September 14, 862 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1905. Mr. Schafer is a Republican in His politics and has served four years as town supervisor, has been chairman for the past three years, and clerk of school district 23 for fourteen years. He is a director in the Hay Creek Mutual Fire Insurance Com- pany. The family attend the German Lutheran church. Howard M. Scovell, president of the First National Bank of Goodhue, is a native of Minnesota, born at St. Charles, Winona county, April 22, 1861, son of Harris and Sarah (Owens) Scovell, natives of New York state. The father conducted a foundry and milling enterprise and was also interested in various other busi- ness affairs. He sold out and came west in 1856, locating at St. Charles, this state, where he was proprietor of a hotel five years, He then sold out and located at Waseca county, Minnesota, where he was also proprietor of a hotel and general store. His hotel was destroyed by fire, so, selling his general store, he removed to Murray county, this state, where he procured a number of acres of land. This he broke and cultivated, following a diversi- fied line of farming until his death, in 1895. Everything was then sold and Mrs. Scovell took up her home with her son, where she died in 1899. Howard M.‘ received his education in the public school, after which he took up farming with his father until twenty-one years of age. He then became operator and station agent for the Omaha & Northwestern railroad, which work he followed until 1883, when failing health compelled him to resign. Returning to his farm, he remained there two and one-half years, after which he resumed his work as railroad station agent, holding this position two years. In 1897 he entered the banking business as cashier for Dunlap Brothers’ bank, at Leadyard, Iowa, which changed hands and became known as the First City bank. In July, 1900, Mr. Scovell was elected vice- president of the City Bank at Goodhue. F. W. Spencer was president and C. A. Arpke was cashier. At the reorganization in 1905 Mr. Scovell was elected president, which position he now holds. Mr. Scovell was married October 26, 1889, to Matilda J. Bunnworth, daughter of Joseph and Mary (Monahan) Bunnworth, of Elmore. Her father, a native of New York, was as veteran of the Civil War. He served in Company D, New York Light Artillery, and was badly wounded. After his dis- charge he came west and carried on general farming until his death. His wife is still living at Elmore, Minn. Mr. and Mrs. Scovell have five children : Marion, born in July, 1891 ; Myrtle, born in July, 1894 ; Frances, born in March, 1896 ; Esther, born in November, 1902; Archer B., born in November, 1906. Marion in 1909 graduated from the Red Wing high school, Myrtle grad- iiated from the public school in Goodhue in 1909, and Frances in 1908. while Esther and Archer are at home. The family attend HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 863 the Methodist Episcopal church at Goodhue. Fraternally Mr. Scovell is a member of Mason lodge, of Elmore, and also of the Woodmen, of which he is treasurer. Politically he .is a Repub- lican and has served five terms as mayor of the village. He has been treasurer of the school district since 1901. The Goodhue Telephone Company, in Goodhue, was organized by him and he was manager for a number of years, until he sold out to Parkins & Meyers, who now have 500 subscribers. Mr. Scovell occupies an important position both in business and social life, and he and his family are highly regarded throughout the community. It is to the men of his stamp that the county owes its financial and business stability. John O’Reilly has been a conspicuous figure in the life of Goodhue township for many years. He has served as town supervisor three different times, and has occupied a position on the school board for the past twenty years, being at the present time treasurer of district 37. At the organization of the Good- hue Farmers’ Elevator in 1906 he was appointed manager and held that position for about a year. The Catholic Temperance Society will long remember him as one of its charter members, he being one of the six still living who were present at the organ- ization in 1872. The others are : George and David Franklin, John Connell, Edward and George Rowles. In the Catholic Foresters, of which Mr. O’Reilly has long been a member, he is at the present time treasurer. The subject of this sketch first saw the light of day in Wisconsin, November 22, 1857, and came to this county with his»parents in 1861, receiving his edu- cation in the public schools of Belle Creek township. He farmed with his father until 1882, when he purchased eighty acres, to which he later added eighty more. He now carries on general farming, raising the usual crops and breeding horses, sheep and cattle. He was married February 15, 1882, to Bridget Keane, daughter of John and Margaret (O’Connors) Keane, natives of Ireland, who came to America in 1849 and located in New Haven township, Olmsted county, where they farmed 480 acres. The father is now deceased, but the mother still lives on the old homestead, making her home with her son. She is still in comparatively good health at the venerable old age of ninety years. Five children have blessed the O’Reilly home. Dennis AY., the only one living, was born August 4, 1888, and took a four years’ course in St. Thomas College, after which he re- turned to the home farm, where he now lives. John and James, who were twins, are dead, as are two others who did not survive early infancy. James and Ilanora (Benton) O’Reilly, parents of John O’Reilly, came from Ireland in 1851, and located in Troy, N. Y., where the father worked as a farm laborer three 864 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY years. Then he moved to Wisconsin and worked on farms until 1864, when he brought his family to Belle Creek and purchased 183 acres of prairie land, on which he carried on general farm- ing. Later he bought eighty acres more, which he also operated until his death, in 1892. His wife passed away in June, 1880. Conrad Meyer, formerly an active farmer of Goodhue town- ship, has now rented his large farm and is enjoying a life of comparative rest, after many years of hard work. He has served as town supervisor and road overseer and in many other ways has assisted in the general prosperity of the township. Mr. Meyer was born in Germany April 3, 1850, and after receiving his schooling in his native country took up farming and car- penter work. In 1866 he came to America, and followed his trade three years as a carpenter in Milwaukee, subsequently working on farms in Goodhue until 1873, when he purchased eighty acres of his own. To this he soon added 160 acres more, and on the homestead of 240 acres carried on farming un til 1901, when he retired. Since that date he has rented his farm to others. Politically he has always been a Republican, and religiously he is a member of the German Lutheran church, of which he has been trustee nine years. Mr. Meyer was married in July, 1875, to Maggie Tipke, of Goodhue, daughter of Peter and Catherine (Behrens) Tipke, natives of Germany, who, after migrating to America in 1868, located in this township and pur- chased first eighty acres and then 160 acres, where they carried on farming many years. The mother died March 4, 1900, but the father is still living, having reached the advanced old age of eighty years. Henry Meyer and Dorry (Dickman) Meyer, par- ents of Conrad Meyer, came to America in 1860 and located in Iowa, later going to Illinois, in which state the father died in 1870, the mother having passed away in Germany in 1861. Aside from Conrad, they have three children living. William is a real estate dealer in Iowa, and the sisters are Lena and Annie. Thomas Maley, of Goodhue, is the inventor of Maley’s Quack Grass machine, a device for ridding farmers of one of their greatest grass pests. A working model which was on exhibition at the Minnesota state fair last year met with high approbation and has proven of great, practical value. It is patented in the United States and Canada and is sure to result in an important industry. The inventor of this machine was born in Great Bar- rington, Mass., September 1, 1856, and came west with his parents as an infant, receiving his educational training in the public and high schools of Zumbrota. In early life he sold imple- ments for L. D. Woodbury, and later dealt in pianos and organs, subsequently teaching school . As an educator he -was particu- larly successful, and among those who passed under his tuition HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 865 were such men as Edgar Biglow, representative from Goodhue county, and Charles Taylor, mayor of Mankato. After teach- ing school for several years, Mr. Maley entered the employ of the La Grange mills, at Red Wing. He then returned to the farm, remaining two years, and later worked for the St. Anthony and Dakota elevator, buying grain. In August, 1888, he moved his family to South Dakota, and lived there until the following year, in the meantime spending a short time in Zumbrota, attend- ing to the sad duties of burying his wife. He came to Goodhue in 1889, engaged with the T. B. Sheldon Company, of Red Wing, erected an elevator and purchased grain for that company until 1902, when he built a large elevator, since which date he has been local manager for the Red Wing Malting Company. In politics Mr. Maley is a Republican, and has served as supervisor, road master and school clerk. AYliile in North Dakota he was chief of the fire department. In times past he has been an officer of the Modern Woodmen and the United Workmen, in both of which he still maintins his membership. Mr. Maley was married in 1878 to Ivate Woodbury, of Zumbrota, daughter of Lorenzo and Katherine (Glidden) Woodbury, natives of Ver- mont, who came to this state in 1865 and located in Wabasha county, where they carried on general farming near Mazeppa. To Mr. and Mrs. Maley five children have been born. Levi William, a graduate of the State University, is in the electrical and telephone business in Fargo, N. D. Elsie died in South Dakota. Bertha and Harold, twins, graduated from the Zum- brota high school and are both located in that village. Eva Elizabeth, also a graduate of that school, is a clerk for F. E. Mervin, of Zumbrota. The mother of these children died in April, 1889, and Mr. Maley Avas married in 1904 to Rose J. Eastman, by whom he has two children, Lysle and Oryall, both attending school in Zumbrota. Mrs. Maley ’s father, Christopher Eastman, Avas a member of the 1st Minnesota ATfiunteer Infantry, and participated in the charge at Gettysburg. William and Elizabeth (Leonard) Maley, parents of Thomas II. Maley, were natives of Ireland. The father was a farmer and tanner by trade, and at the age of sixteen years located in Massachusetts, Avhere he remained on a farm a short time and then took up the trade of tanner until 1857, when he moved to Minnesota. He Avas one of the first persons to take the trip from Chicago to Galena by rail, making the journey in the first regular train that was run over that line. Locating near Mazeppa, he took up 160 acres, which he cleared and broke, erecting a house of native lumber. He later added to his possessions until he OAAmed a place of 243 acres, continuing until his death in 1876, after Avhich his Avife Avent to Aberdeen, Wash., Avhere she lived until 806 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY October, 1906. There were two children older than Thomas, who are deceased. Mary Jane, the younger sister, married Levi Woodbury, now a retired hardware merchant of Zumbrota. A younger brother, Leslie, is now living in Aberdeen, Wash. J. H. Nibbe, an active farmer of Goodhue township, has been prominently identified with the public life of the vicinity for many years. Lie has been township chairman eight years, has served on the town board a similar period, has been assessor six years and has served on the school board for many terms. In commercial life he is no less distinguished, being one of the organizers of the Goodhue Co-operative store, of which he is a director and member of the executive board; and president of the Farmers’ Warehouse Company, a position he has held for the past six years. Mr. Nibbe was born in Germany, July 27, 1853, and in that country received his education, coming to this county in 1868, and engaging in farming with his father until 1876, when he purchased 160 acres in Goodhue township, where he now carries on general farming, owning 154 acres in addi- tion to his original purchase. His place is well equipped with all the latest farming appliances, and in addition to raising the usual crops he owns fourteen head of horses, thirty-three head of cattle and thirteen sheep, as well as a number of hogs. Mr. Nibbe was married in November, 1876, [to Lizzie Darhling, daughter of Charles and Anna Darhling, natives of Germany, who located in Hay Creek township in 1856, taking up 160 acres of land and carrying on general farming until their death. The father died in 1891 and the mother in 1906. Mr. and Mrs. Nibbe have been blessed with fifteen children, fourteen of whom are living. They are: John J., proprietor of a general store at Chippewa Falls, Wis. ; Carl Fred, of Richland county, North Dakota ; Mattie Louise, wife of D. I. McHugh, manager of a grain elevator in North Dakota; John Henry, a lawyer, of Bill- ings, Mont.; George E., who died in May, 1907; Clara Ann, a clerk in Goodhue village ; and Lydia, Bertha C., Annie Margaret, Margaret Lena, Peter C. R., Clarence O. B., Florence Philippine, Raymond AY., Blanche M. and Walter A., all at home. The family faith is that of the German Lutheran church. Jacob and Mattie (St-elin) Nibbe, parents of the subject of this sketch, came from Germany in 1868 and located in this township. Two years later they purchased eighty acres and to this added from time to time until they owned in all 480 acres, upon which the father carried on general farming until his retirement in 1877. He died in 1902 and his wife passed away December 24, 1878. In the family, aside from J. H., there were four brothers and one sister: Peter, Jacob, John, Herman and Mary, the latter of whom is now the wife of John Gardan. HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 867 John H. Albers is a native of Goodhue township, born August 12, 1875. He received his education in the common schools of his neighborhood, and farmed with his father for some years, also learning the carpenter’s trade. Later he purchased a home at the same time doing considerable carpenter work in the village of Goodhue. He is a Republican in politics, but has never actively engaged in political affairs. Mr. Albers was married February 8, 1905, to Mary Behens, daughter of John and Anna (Tipke) Behens, farmers, of Zumbrota township. To Mr. and Mrs. Albers have been born three children : Edna, July 29, 1906; Wilmet, September 17, 1907, and Viola, February 13, 1908. Peter and Margaret (Fitchen) Albers, parents of John H., came to America from Germany in May, 1873, and located in Good- hue township, where the father purchased a farm of forty acres in section 16, on which he carried on general farming, also doing carpenter work in the neighborhood. In 1902 he purchased 160 acres. in sections 1, 2 and 11, in Zumbrota township, where he is now engaged in farming. In the family were eight children, aside from John H., who was the oldest. They are, in the order of their birth : Peter, a farmer ; Christ, deceased ; Henry, de- ceased; Anna, wife of John Reese, a farmer, of Zumbrota; Mattie, of Zumbrota ; Christ and Margaret, who are at home, and Cath- erine, deceased. John N. Banitt, proprietor of a general store at Goodhue vil- lage, is. a native of this township, born March 8, 1875, son of Hans and Rebecca (Diercks) Banitt, who emigrated to America in 1874 and purchase 100 acres of land in Goodhue township, where they carried on general farming about one year. They then disposed of the place and purchased 137 acres in Zumbrota township, where they lived until the father’s death, in January, 1899. The old homestead has since been sold and the mother resides in Zumbrota township. Nine children were born to Hans and Rebecca Banitt. They are: Margaret, married to John Bereholtz, living in Goodhue township ; Jacob, living in Zum- brota township ; Peter and Henry, also living in Zumbrota town- ship ; Harry, who died December 14, 1907 ; Mary, wife of Henry Stechmann, living in Zumbrota township ; Gesche, wife of William Borghsehatz, living in Zumbrota township ; John, the subject of this sketch, and William, who clerks for his brother at Good- hue. John N. Banitt received his education in the public schools of Zumbrota township, and after leaving school clerked for O. Parker, at Goodhue, in a general store, for four years. After working the following year on a farm he entered the employ of O. N. Berg, of Zumbrota, clerking in a general store four years. October 29, 1900, he bought the stock of O. Parker, at Goodhue, and started in business in partnership with O. N. Berg and L. 868 HISTORY OF GOODI-IUE COUNTY J. Henning. This partnership continued two years, after which the firm became Berg & Banitt. Then F. E. Davis purchased the Berg interests. In May, 1907, Mr. Banitt became sole pro- prietor. Mr. Banitt was married September 28, 1898, to Lizzie A. Kopplin, daughter of Alex and Augusta Konig, natives of Germany, who came to this country many years ago. Here the father was employed as a farmer, a bookkeeper and a school teacher, but has now retired. The mother died at Bellingham, Minn., in 1897. The Banitt home has been blessed with three children: Edna Cecelia, born July 2, 1900; Cecelia Rebecca, born March 5, 1903, and Walter John, born January 2, 1907. The family worships at the German Lutheran church. Hans H. Danielson, also known in the early days as Hans Henry and Henry Danielson, now deceased, was one of the pioneer settlers of Goodhue township. Lie was born in Norway, December 18, 1832, and was brought to America by his parents as a boy of ten years. His education was received in the public schools of Albion, Wis., and in that town he also followed farm- ing, blacksmithing and carpenter work. In 1855, with the influx of Goodhue county immigration, he settled in Goodhue township and took up a government claim of 160 acres, bringing the wild land to a high state of cultivation. Thirteen years later he sold his farm and purchased 160 acres in Belvidere township, where, as before, he carried on general farming and stock raising, also operating an ingenious engine and threshing machine which he built himself. He was supervisor and pathmaster of liis town- ship, and a director of school district 32 for many years. He also affiliated with the G. A. R. In his latter years Mr. Daniel- son was handicapped by the loss of a leg, that member having been wounded by a cannon ball and later amputated during the Civil War, in which terrible conflict he served as a member of Company G, 7th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry. After receiv- ing his wound he was taken to the hospital at Evansville, Ind., and in 1865 was discharged with honor at the cessation of hos- tilities. Mr. Danielson was married August 17, 1856, to Eliza- beth Anderson, who is still living on the old homestead. By this union twelve children were born : Caroline A. is Mrs. M. C. Morgan, of Zumbrota. Hiram B. is a farmer, of Lincoln county, this state. Augustus J. is a farmer, of Lincoln county, this state. Jennie M. is Mrs. II. C. Hanson, of Lincoln county, this state. Minnie C. is deceased. Danene S. is Mrs. N. A. Herrick, of Lincoln county. Wesley R. was killed by a train wreck. Oscar A. is an inventor of considerable note and lives in New York City. Irene E. is a missionary in Ecuador, South America. Ida P. is a missionary in Kansas City, Mo. Sarah E. is dead. Edna IT. lives at home. Mr. Danielson died in 1909, sincerely mourned HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 869 by a large circle of friends to whom he had endeared himself by his sterling qualities. Halvor Danielson and Anna Ingerbret- son, his wife, parents of Hans H. Danielson, came to America from Norway in 1842, and ended their days in Jefferson county, Wisconsin. Bjorn and Catherine (Yon Krogh) Anderson, par- ents of Mrs. Hans TI. Danielson, came to America from Norway in 1836 and located in Dayton, 111., where the father worked at his trade as cooper until locating in Dane county, Wisconsin, where he purchased 160 acres, which he cultivated until his death, in 1850. IPs wife died in 1881. Mrs. Danielson now lives on the old Danielson homestead in Belvidere township, and is well liked for her patient and pleasant disposition. Fredrich Vollmers, a well known farmer, of Goodhue town- ship, was born in Germany, January 16, 1872, son of John P. and Anna (Bomback) Vollmers, natives of Germany. After the death of the father, in 1887, mother and son determined to seek their fortune in America, and accordingly set sail in 1888. Upon reaching Belvidere, Fredrich worked for a time on a farm, and then pursued a similar vocation in Zumbrota, after which, in 1901, he purchased 160 acres in the township of Goodhue, where he now lives and carries on general farming, also breeding horses and stock with great success. His mother now makes her home in Featherstone township. Mr. Vollmers is a Repub- lican in politics. He was married December 17, 1896, to Maggie Reese, by whom he lias three children, William D., Arthur P. and Minnie, all living at home. Mrs. Vollmers is the daughter of Detrich and Engle (Hendricks) Reese, natives of Germany, who came to America some years ago and located in Goodhue township, where they purchased 160 acres of land and carried on general farming. Her father and mother are now both dead. Mr. Vollmers has two brothers and four sisters. Henry and John are proprietors of the Vollmers House, in Red Wing. Mag- gie M., who died in 1908, was the wife of Charles Daliling, of Hay Creek. Mattie is the wife of Christ Hinek, a Featherstone farmer; Mary is the wife of John Augustine, also a Featherstone farmer, and Annie is the wife of Ernest Wildt, a farmer living in Germany. Dwight Cordyon Pierce, the genial postmaster and hustling newspaper editor of Goodhue village, is of Wisconsin birth, hav- ing first seen the light of day in Milwaukee, December 12, 1868, son of James M. and Harriet Maria (Carey) Pierce, natives of New York state. The father, who was a farmer near Milwaukee, Wis., came west in 1875 and located in Oskaloosa, Iowa, Avhere he purchased 100 acres of land and engaged in general farming until 1880, when his wife died. He then entered the employ of the 'Iowa Central railroad, purchasing horses and supplies for 870 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY construction work. After some years of this work lie became purchasing- agent for a railroad contractor of Salt Lake City, Utah. He now lives in retirement in Boise City, Idaho. Dwight C. received his education in Big Rapids, Mich., and attended the graded, the high and the business schools of that place. He then took 'up newspaper work, coming to this county first in 1885. After taking charge of the Zumbrota “Independent” two years he did similar work in St. Cloud, this state, and in 1896 established the Goodhue “Enterprise.” This is a bright, newsy paper of 700 circulation, and its influence has ever been exerted in favor of everything that tends toward the civic, moral and industrial betterment of the village and county. Mr. Pierce’s popularity grew, and on January 1, 1900, his appointment as postmaster met with general approval. Mr. Pierce is a Repub- lican in politics and has taken an active interest in political affairs, having served as secretary for the Republican county committee on several occasions. Being a public spirited man, it is natural that his attention has been directed toward sanitary problems, making his services on the board of health most effi- cient and discreet. As a member of Company D of the state militia he proved a faithful soldier, and his presence is always gladly welcomed in the Masons, the Elks and the United Work- men. Mr. Pierce ivas married October 3, 1889, to Florence Cram, of Zumbrota, daughter of James and Lucinda (Dickinson) Cram, whose father was originally a contractor and builder, but who later took up the furniture and undertaking business, in which latter he has remained nearly forty years. Mrs. Pierce is a woman of many accomplishments, and has been an able helpmeet of her husband in all his undertakings. The family faith is that of the Congregational church. Herbert P. Sawyer, M. D., of Goodhue village, one of the well known physicians of Goodhue county, has built up a large prac- tice, being in every respect an ideal village doctor, true to the ethics of his profession and faithful in his administration of the duties of his high calling. He has allied himself with the county and state medical societies, and as a member of the board of health has done most efficient service. Dr. Sawyer was born in Berlin, Steele county, this state, November 25, 1870, and re- ceived his education in the public schools of that place, also attending the high school at Owatonna. He was graduated from the medical department of the University of Minnesota in 1895, and at once opened an office in Goodhue village, where he has since remained. Philo and Catherine (Bettschue) Sawyer, par- ents of Dr. Sawyer, were married in Minnesota, the mother being a native of Illinois and the father of Hyde Park, Vt. In 1856 the father located in Berlin, Minn., and pre-empted 160 acres, HISTORY OP GOODHUE COUNTY 871 upon which he carried on general farming until his death, in August, 1893. The mother died in July, 1902. Oscar F. Nelson, a rising young business man of Goodhue, - was born April 19, 1877, son of Peter Nelson, who came to America from Sweden in 1876, locating in Vasa, Goodhue county, Minnesota, where he worked at the carpenter trade for about three years. He then bought 160 acres in Goodhue township and followed general farming up to the time of his death, March, 1895. The mother died in November, 1906, at St. Paul. They had four sons: N. John, engaged in the banking business at East Grand Forks, N. D. ; E. Alfred, Editor of the Hallock (Minn.) “Weekly”; Frank J., a partner of Alfred in the news- paper, and Oscar F. One sister died in infancy. Oscar F. received his education in the schools of his neighborhood. Shortly after leaving school he entered the secret service of Pinkerton at St. Paul for two years, 1897 and 1898. He then purchased the old homestead and took up farming for eight years, after which he sold the farm, January 1, 1907, and with a partner, C. R. Johnson, entered the hardware business in Goodhue village, carrying a full supply of goods usually handled in such a store, including farm machinery and carriages. This establishment has been very successful in every way. Mr. Nelson was married June 27, 1901, to Lorena G. Johnson, daughter of C. R. and Emma (Sundell) Johnson, the former a native of Delaware and the latter of Buffalo, N. Y. Mr. Johnson came west, and still farms in Goodhue township. Mrs. Johnson died March 17, 1907. To Mr. and Mrs. Nelson there have been born two children : Bernice L., born December 7, 1902, and Vernon Sidney, born June 18, 1907. Fraternally Mr. Nelson associates with the Knights of Pythias, several Masonic chapters, including the Knights Tem- plar, the Modern Woodmen and the Yeomen, in the latter of which he serves as foreman. Politically he is a Republican and has served as a member of the town board two years and as clerk of the school board three years. He has also been village re- corder. In all of these public capacities he has given much satisfaction, and in private life he enjoys the esteem of a large circle of friends. Christian R. Johnson, hardware merchant, of Goodhue village, was born December 19, 1812, in Denmark, where he lived until 1857, when he came to this country with his parents. Pie at-, tended the American schools a short while after his arrival here, and worked with his father for a time, after which he pur- chased 220 acres of land in Goodhue township, where he carried on general farming until January 1, 1907, when he engaged in the hardware business in company with O. F. Nelson, in the village of Goodhue. This partnership still continues, and the 872 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY establishment is one of the leading stores in the village. Aside from the usual lines of hardware, the company carries farming machinery and wagons, and enjoys a large trade. Mr. Johnson is a Republican in politics and has served as justice of the peace and as clerk of school district 105. He is a member of the E. A. Welch Post, G. A. R., having enlisted in the Civil War shortly toward the close as a private in the 1st Minnesota Heavy Artil- lery under Captain Carney. By Emma Sundell, of Chicago, whom he married in 1870, he had ten children. The oldest and the youngest died in infancy. The others are : Albert, Lorena, Maynard, Georginna, Bernard Lewis, Winnie Ida, Clarence Gar- field, Lulu Maude, Myron Herbert and Sidney Percy. The mother of these children died in 1895, and Mr. Johnson was mar- ried March 19, 1902, to Amanda Emmaline Swanson, by whom he has four children : Laverna Mae, Dorothy Anne, Raymond and Harland. The family faith is that of the Methodist Epis- copal church. Carl and Elizabeth Sundell, parents of Mrs. Emma Johnson, came to America in the early fifties and lived both in New York state and Pennsylvania before coming to Red Wing. The father worked at his trade as a shoemaker until 1862, when he enlisted in the Civil War. He served about twenty-seven months, and met his death by falling from a wagon while still in the service. His death left his widow to provide for four chil- dren. Later she married 0. P. IJougher. The parents of Mrs. Amanda Johnson located in this country, where her father, who had previously been a miller, became a stone mason, and followed that occupation until His death, in 1908, at the age of eighty years. His wife is also dead. John Larson and Catherine Han- son, parents of Christian R. Johnson, were married in Denmark and came to this country in July, 1857. After living in Red Wing two years, they pre-empted 160 acres in Goodhue township, which the father broke and improved, and with the assistance of his sons, Lewis and Christian, farmed until 1884, when he died, his wife having died in 1883. Peter, the other brother in the family, was drowned in the Mississippi river while on a canoe trip, in 1858. Jacob Hadler, a retired farmer of Goodhue township, was born in Germany September 10, 1836, and came to America in 1865, locating for a short time in Red Wing, and then working six months in Hay Creek and Featherstone. He next rented a farm of 240 acres in Belvidere township, and in company with a partner cultivated sixty-five acres. During the first year the two partners lived in a log cabin, and raised grain and corn. He remained on this farm three years in all, and in 1869 came to Goodhue township and purchased eighty acres of land for general farming purposes. To this farm in 1878 he added eighty Ill ST OB Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY 873 acres more, and carried on general farming and stock raising until 1907, when on account of failing health he found it advis- able to turn the management of the place over to his sons, John J. and Herman H., who have continued with success the work which their father so faithfully performed for so many years. Mr. Hadler is a Republican in politics, as are also his sons. He was married May 24, 1868, to C’atherina Krimson, by whom he has seven children: Margaret, born in 1870; Peter, born in 1871; Catherina, bom in 1872; Jacob, born in 1871, and another Peter, born in 1876, are all dead, while John J. and Herman IT., who conduct the home farm, were born in 1878 and 1880, re- spectively. The family faith of the Hadlers is that of the German Lutheran church. Mr. and Mrs. Jurgen Krimson, parents of Mrs. Hadler, both died in Germany, in which country they spent their entire lives. Gustaf R. Ericson, of Goodhue village, was born in Sweden, April 29, 1855, son of Erie and Dorothea (Renberg) Ericson, the former of whom was a shoemaker and farmer until his death in 1872. The mother died in 1901. The family consisted of two sons and three daughters, the latter of whom are : Hildur, who is married and lives in Chicago; Ella, wife of Gustaf 'Wall, a car- penter at Hayfield, Minn. ; and Anna, married to C. Carlson, a farmer living in Sweden. Gustaf acquired his education in the public schools of Sweden and the Red Wing Seminary, after which he worked for three years farming. He then rented eighty acres of land in Goodhue township, where he carries on general farming and dairying, owning twenty-six head of cattle and shipping his cream to Zumbrota and St. Paul. Mr. Ericson was married April 20, 1889, to Ellen Maria daughter of Andrew and Sophia (Johnson) Newman, who came from Sweden to America in 1869, locating at Goodhue, where they purchased eighty acres, on which they followed common agriculture until they retired, in 1890. Mr. Newman died in 1891 and his wife February 17, 1873. Mrs. Ericson has one sister, Justine, married to Ludwig Schultz, a truck farmer, living at Excelsior; also one brother, Arad, who died May 3, 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Ericson are parents of six children : Dwight S. E., born July 5, 1890 ; Myrtle, born May 2, 1892; Palmer E. N., born September 24, 1893; Mamie F. A., born March 5, 1898; Vincent R. T., born June 2, 1903, and Joyce V. R., born July 14, 1905. Dwight attended the agricul- tural department of St. Anthony’s school, at Minneapolis, and is now taking a course in bookkeeping at the Red Wing Sem- inary. Myrtle is attending the Red Wing high school and will graduate in 1910. The others are all at home. Mr. Ericson is an independent voter and has served as clerk of the school board. 874 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY He is now road overseer. The family worships at the Methodist church. Henry Luhman, of Goodhue township, was horn in Hay Creek January 6, 1874, son of John and Mattie (Olkers) Luhman, na- tives of Germany, who came to America in 1872, locating at Hay Creek, where the father worked on a farm for three years. In the spring of 1875 they came to Goodhue, purchased a half section of land and carried on general farming. The father died in 1903 and the mother is still living with her son in Goodhue. Henry received his education in the public and German schools of Goodhue. He remained on the farm with his father and also worked on a thresher for several years. In 1900 he rented eighty acres and in 1905' purchased 120 acres and in addition to this owns forty acres of his father’s farm. On this land Mr. Luhman conducts general farming and dairying, disposing of his cream to the Goodhue Creamery. Mr. Luhman was married January 10, 1901, to Mary, daughter of Chris and Katie (Holtz) Vieths, who came from Germany to Goodhue township, where they now reside. Mr. and Mrs. Luhman have two children: Ernest A. J., born February 14, 1902, and Alfred IT. C., born August 25, 1903. Thy both attend school. Mr. Luhman is a Republican and a member of the German Lutheran church. He is a prosperous young man and merits the success he has thus far won. John H. Quast, of Goodhue village, was born in Germany December 14, 1868, son of John J. and Marguerite (Behr) Quast, the former of whom followed farming until his death, in 1908. The mother died in 1883. John attended the public schools in Germany, and farmed until 1886, when he came to America and located in Goodhue township. Here he secured work on farms summers and attended the public schools winters, finally finish- ing with a course at Beeman’s Business College, at Red Wing. In 1891 he entered the employ of Grondahl - Brothers as sales- man at Red AVing, where he remained about 'six years. He then came to Goodhue, February 20, 1897, and purchased the general merchandise store of K. L. Anderson. He was also appointed assistant postmaster. Soon his growing business required larger quarters, so in 1905 he built the Quast block, one of the finest in the village. On July 1, 1905, he removed his stock to the new building and now carries a full line of dry goods, hats, caps, shoes, rubbers, wall paper, crockery and groceries; in fact, every- thing required in a general village store. Mr. Quast was mar- ried April 5, 1891, to Mary Augustine, daughter of Peter and Catlirina (Luhman) Augustine. This union resulted in four children: John P., born July, 1892, who attends the Red AVing Seminary, taking a business course; Jacob II., born 1894; Julius E., born 1896, and Aliva. E., born 1898. The last three named HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 875 attend the public schools of Goodhue. The mother of these chil- dren died in January, 1903. Mr. Quast is a Republican in politics and has been clerk of the school board and village trustee, as well as mayor. At one time he Avas a private in Company G, at Red Wing. Taking, as he does, an active interest in the business development of Goodhue, he is an enthusiastic member of the Commercial Club, which for two years he served as president. The family worships at the German Lutheran church- John Schafer, of Goodhue township, was born in Germany September 11, 1860, son of John and Gertrude (Stromberg) Schafer, who were also natives of Germany. John received his education in the public schools of Hay Creek and Belvidere, and worked on the farm with his father until June 16, 1887, when he rented 160 acres of his father and in 1890 purchased 160 acres of improved land in Belvidere township. Twelve years later he purchased another 160 acres of land in Goodhue town- ship, and has built a home, barn and other outbuildings, includ- ing a. large, modern granary, which he erected in 1909. He now carries on extensive farming, has all his land under cultivation and raises tine horses and stock. Mr. Schafer was married June 1, 1887, to Annie M. Fitschen, daughter of Cord and Margaret (Prigge) Fitschen, natives of Germany, who came to America in 1865 and located in Hay Creek township, where they pur- chased eighty acres of land and carried on general farming, gradually adding to their farm, until they had in all over 400 acres. They have now retired from active life, sold their farm and reside in Wabasha county. To Mr. and Mrs. Schafer have been born three children: Wesley II., born September 28, 1888; Albert J., born September 26, 1890, and Louis C. A., born Jan- uary 12, 1895. Mr. Schafer is a Republican in his political views, has been town supervisor for some years past, and treasurer for five years ; also clerk and treasurer of school district 32 for a number of terms. He is a stockholder in the Farmers’ Elevator at Goodhue. George S. Tether, of Goodhue village, a native of New York state, was born July 7, 1861, son of Francis and Malvina (Cabot) Tether. The father was born May 17, 1831, in Lincolnshire, England, and came to America in 1855, locating in New York state, where he farmed for six years. In 1862 he came to Good- hue township and purchased 130 acres of land, carrying on a general line of farming and stock raising. He retired in 1887 and purchased a home in Red AVing, where he lived until his death, November 12, 1891. The mother lives with her son in Goodhue township. Her parents were John and Lucy (Farmer) Cabot, natives of New York state. John Cabot was a farmer, a mechanic and a carpenter, first coming to Faribault in 1856 and HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 876 then to Goodhue, where he remained until his death in 1879. Mrs. Cabot died in her native state in 1848. There were eight children: Harriet (deceased) wife of Edson Rice; Albert (de- ceased); Mary (deceased), wife of Tyler Gorton; Luther (de- ceased) ; Lydia, married to Herman Fisher ; Malvina, married to Francis Tether; Louisa, wife of Thomas Branch, and Betsy (de- ceased), wife of Guarts Gorton. Chester Tether, brother of George S. Tether, was born in Goodhue township and received his earlier education in the Goodhue public schools and the Red Wing high school and Hamlin University. He graduated from the chemistry course of the Chicago Medical College in 1897 and now teaches pedigogical methods of advanced science in the Oswego (N. Y.) state normal school. George S. Tether acquired his education in the public school and took up farming with his father. He has managed the farm since 1887, and carries on general farming, doing considerable dairying and also breeding horses. Mr. Tether was married November 1, 1882, to Mary Jane, daughter of Richard and Margaret (McDonald) Stogdill, both natives of Canada. Mr. Stogdill and family came to Red Wing in 1865 and then went to Wisconsin, where he purchased 100 acres of land on which he farmed. In the family were seven children : Mary Jane, Samuel Edward, Edmond Alfred, Lucinda (deceased), Francis Robert, Richard Herbert and William II. Mr. Stogdill died in February, 1891, but His wife still lives in Wisconsin. To Mr. and Mrs. Tether there have been born four children: Francis, born August 4, 1884; Howard L., born August 6, 1889 ; Florence M., born September 24, 1899, and Clarence W., born August 22, 1906. Mr. Tether is a Republican and a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. His fraternal affiliations are with the Woodmen, Yeomen and the Independent Order of For- esters. For ten years lie was school clerk and for twelve years school director. He held the position of road overseer for twelve years and. was constable for two years. Mr. Tether and family are well liked both in business and social circles. J. H. Bryan, for nearly a quarter of a century the town treas- urer of Burnside, is a native of County Cork, Ireland, born September 27, 1846. His parents, Barnabus and Mary A. (Mc- Givern) Bryan, settled in Erie, Pa., in 1852, and some years later came to Goodhue county and located in Burnside township, bring- ing their children, J. II., Thomas, John, Timothy, Eliza, Ellen and Sarah A. They purchased the pioneer house which had been erected by the Rev. J. C. Johnson and started farming, the valley where they made their home being at that time practically a wilderness. Since that time the farm has remained in the family. Of the original family, only J. II., John and Sarah remain. These three live together on the old homestead. J. IT. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY S?7 helped his father develop the land and erect buildings. He and his brother John now own 620 acres, 500 of which is plow- able, and the two carry on general farming and raise cattle, hogs and horses. The buildings are in excellent condition, and the place presents a pleasing aspect. Mr. Bryan served during the Civil War as a sailor on board the battleship Michigan for three years, enlisting as cabin boy and being discharged as second-class fireman. Aside from his services as town clerk, above mentioned, he has served many years as school treasurer. He belongs to the Odd Fellows and the United Workmen at Red Wing. Mr. Bryan was married in early life to Lissette E. Heil- man, by whom he has two children. Thomas B. is a musical instructor in New York City, while Daisy L. is the wife of Elmer B. Palmer, of St. Paul. Mr. Bryan deals extensively in live stock and is noted far and wide for his sagacity as a trader. Bennett I. Melin, of Burnside township, has seen life in three countries — Sweden, where he was born ; Mexico, where he has worked, and America, which has been his home practically since early youth, and of which he is a prosperous and well-to-do citizen. He was brought to this country by his parents in 1856, at the age of three years. While looking about for a location they stayed thirty days in St. Paul, and then settled in Carver county, this state, remaining there three years. After a short time in Afton, Washington county, Minnesota, they again re- turned to Carver county, and there remained until 1863, sharing in the pioneer development of that section of the country. Their first home in Goodhue county was on a farm in Featherstone township, where they remained from 1863 to 1865, going in the latter year to Burnside township, where the family residence was established. The father died in 1881. Bennett I. was twelve years of age when his family came to Burnside. His education was obtained in the district schools and at Minneapolis, since Which time, with the exception of a short period spent in the sugar industry in Mexico, he has made his residence on the old homestead. Mr. Melin is a Republican as far as broad and general principles are concerned, but to a large extent he votes independently. He has been town 'treasurer and a member of the school board. In 1879 Mr. Melin was married to Julia An- derson, daughter of John Anderson, who settled in this county in 1860. S. A. Thompson, who carries on general farming on a place of 135 acres in Burnside township, was born hi Erie county, Pennsylvania, December 25, 1846, a son of William and Nancy (Kennedy) Thompson, of whom a sketch will be found in this history in connection with the biography of Thomas J. Thomp- son, of Red Wing. S. A. was brought to this county by his 878 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY parents in the early fifties, and grew to young- manhood on the home farm in Burnside township, helping his father and brother with the breaking, developing, cultivating, etc. He then moved to ( 'hippewa county, this state, where he remained in all thirty years. For a larger part of the time he was a farmer, but kept a store in Maynard, in that county, six years. During his long- stay in Chippewa county he served in a number of public offices, including that of assessor, and to him also belongs the honor of having done the first township work on the roads of Stoneham, in that county. A few years ago he came back to the old home- stead in Burnside township, where he noAV resides and carries on general farming. He is a Republican in politics, and was formerly a member of the Odd Fellows. Mr. Thompson is Avell liked throughout the township. N. G. Sandberg, of Burnside township, a public spirited cit- izen and an earnest advocate of good roads, Avas born in SAveden August 5, 1850, son of Karl and Christina M. Sandberg, avIio lived and died on a farm in the old country. N. G. Avas educated in the public schools of his native land, and in 1871 came to America, locating for a time in Red Wing. He then came to Burnside township, where he has since remained, engaged in farming. His place is in a pleasant location about five miles out of Red Wing, and the house and buildings are modern and well kept. Mr. Sandberg keeps a dozen head of good cows, makes a spe- cialty of dairy farming and sells butter in the city. A Repub- lican in politics, he has served as a member of the town board of supervisors five years and as school treasurer for several terms. He Avas married in 1880 to Clara E. Bunch, by whom he has one child, Karl Q., a pupil in the Red Wing high school. Edna H. Anderson, a niece of Mrs. Sandberg, has been a member of their family since 1898. She is also a student in the Red Wing high school. Q. Bunch, father of Mrs. Sandberg, was born in North Carolina October 4, 1826, and lived successively in Ohio and Michigan. He came to Red Wing in 1856 and later located in Burnside. Mr. Bunch was a veteran of the Civil War, having served in Company D, 1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry. By his first Avife, Helen S. Rudd, whom he married April 3, 1856, he had two children, Clara E., born December 10, 1857, and Helen S., born April 10, 1869. By his second wife, Mary A. Buck- master, whom he married November 10, 1870, he had three chil- dren : Ellen I., born February 14, 1872; Frank, born August 19, 1874. and Alice M., born December 23, 1878. John Nelson, of Burnside, a veteran of the Civil War and of the Indian campaign, was born in Norway November 12, 1844. a son of Nels and Ingebor Nelson, who came to the United States in 1848, and located in Dane county, Wisconsin. In 1855 a part HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 879 of the family came to Goocllme county, followed in the fall of 1857 by John and his sister. John received his education in the common schools and also had the advantages of one year’s tuition in Hamline University, at that time located in Red AVing. ITe took up farming on the home place, remaining until 1862, when as a youth of eighteen years he enlisted in Company F, 6th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, August 11, 1862. He took part in the Indian campaign under General Sibley, being sent with his regiment to the rescue of the detachment beleagured by the Indians at Birch Coolie. In the battle of AYood Lake, September 23-, the regiment held an important position. Mr. Nelson par- ticipated in all the battles of the memorable Sibley campaign. June 15, 1864, he went south with the regiment, and was at Helena, Ark., and St. Louis, Mo., until January, 1865, when the regiment was sent to New Orleans and assigned to the 16th army corps. He participated in the engagements of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, in April, 1865, and was discharged with the regiment at Fort Snelling August 27, 1865. After returning home, Corporal Nelson taught school one year. He then clerked seven years, and having been frugal and saving, gathered enough to start a store of his own. This store he con- tinued fourteen years, after which he interested himself in the veneer and hardwood lumber business. In 1900 he moved to the place in Burnside township which he now operates. He has 296 acres of land and is engaged in general farming, keeping dairy cows, etc. He is a Republican in politics, and has served as super- visor of Burnside township. Mr. Nelson was married in 1874 to Lucy E. Bussitt, by whom he has one child, R. J. Nelson, em- ployed^ with the Fairbanks, Morse Company, in St. Paul. After his first wife’s death Air. Nelson was married to Jessie Eames, by whom he lias three children : Horace E., Frances C. and Walter IT. Nelson. John Larson, of Burnside township, was born in Sweden August 24, 1838, son of Lars Erikson, native of Sweden. Both parents died there. John received his education in Sweden and came to America in 1866, locating at Red Wing. In 1870 he came to Burnside and purchased land, which he broke and im- proved, built a home and all buildings necessary and carried on general farming, which he now continues with great success. In 1870 he was married to Martha Peterson, a native of Sweden. They have no children. Mr. Larson is a Republican in his polit- ical views. They attend the Lutheran church. Fred Van Guilder, of Stanton township, comes of the hon- ored Knickerbocker stock, his forebears having been among those sturdy Hollanders who settled New York state. The original Van Guilder, founder of the family in America, fought in the Revolution, and the account of the courage of this valiant old 880 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY soldier is still a part of the history of the early days of the Empire State. The subject of this sketch was born in New York state February 24, 1841, son of Daniel and Mariah (Alcott) Van Guilder, both natives of the Empire state. He received his edu- cation in the schools of his neighborhood, and at the call ’to arms in 1862 enlisted for two years in Company Iv, 123rd New York Volunteer Infantry. After the expiration of the term of enlistment he came to Stanton township and farmed for a while, but the love of his country was strong in his heart, and after a while he again went east and enlisted in Company A, 8th Ver- mont Volunteer Infantry, serving until the close of the war. Hostilities concluded, he came to Stanton township once more and purchased the place upon which lie has since resided. He cleared the land himself, brought it under cultivation and carried on general farming, an occupation in which he continues at the present time. Aside from raising the usual crops, he also does dairy farming and sells considerable cream. He also raises sheep, a subject to which he has given much thought. The farm, which with its neat house and well-kept barn, presents a strong contrast to the wild land upon which Mr. Van Guilder first built his rough log cabin, originally consisted of 194 acres, but forty acres was recently sold to a son, leaving 154 acres. Mr. Van Guilder is a Republican in political views and cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln, but of late years he has at many elections voted independently on those occasions when the merits of the candidates seemed a greater issue than the platform of the parties. He has for some years past affiliated himself with the McKinley Post, No. 92, G. A. R., at Cannon Falls. Although not an office seeker, he has consented at various times .|o serve as road overseer and on the school board. Mr. Van Guilder was married in 1859 to Harriet Cooper, daughter of Matthew and Mary Cooper, who on July 3, 1909, celebrated the fiftieth anni- versary of their marriage. The Van Guilder home has been blessed with seven sturdy children : Mary, Carrie, Fred, Nathan, Daniel, Charles and George, all of whom are alive. Alvin Van Guilder was born in Stanton township February 14. 1869, son of Albert and Jane (Winchell) Van Guilder, natives of New York, who spent their early life there, the father being engaged at his trade of cooper, and later in farming. They came west with Fred Van Guilder and purchased land in Stanton township, which the father improved, carrying on general farm- ing. They had a family of ten children, all of whom are living: Henry, Frank, Albert, William, Alvin (the subject of this sketch), Herbert, Edith, John, Samuel and James J. The father is still living in Waterville, Minn. The mother died in 1901. Alvin received his education in the common schools and worked on the HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 881 home farm, later purchasing* 140 acres of land in Stanton town- ship. During* his twenty years’ ownership he has greatly im- proved the place, remodeling* the buildings and developing the land, 110 acres of which is under cultivation. He carries on gen- eral farming, keeps a number of good cattle and disposes of con- siderable cream to the Cannon Falls creamery. In 1889 Mr. Van Guilder was married to Cynthia Deline, daughter of J. J. and Eliza (Housed) Deline, who were old settlers of this county. Both are now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Van Guilder have one daughter, Ruth, who attended the high school at Cannon Falls, but who is now at home and devotes considerable of her time to the study of music. In politics Mr. Van Guilder is a Republican. Wallace Van Guilder, of Stanton township, was born in New York state June 28, 1843, son of Phenner and Jane Van Guilder, natives of New York state, where they were engaged in farming until their death. Wallace Van Guilder received his education in the common schools of the state, and worked in a stave fac- tory for several years. When the war broke out he enlisted, in July, 1862, in Company B, 14th Vermont Volunteer Infantry, served in the Army of the Potomac and took part in all the battles of the campaign, including the battle of Gettysburg. He was discharged in Vermont in 1864. After his return home, on receiving his discharge from the army, he decided to come west, locating in Cannon Falls, where he worked in the hotel for a time, after which he rented a farm in partnership with his cousin, and engaged in farming. He went back later, to New York, and worked for one year for an old comrade, after which he again returned to Cannon Falls and purchased 182 acres of land in Stanton township, where he has been engaged in general farming for twenty years. He was at one time also engaged in ball playing, being a professional. He played with the Minne- haha club, of Northfielcl, Minn., which held the championship of Minnesota until they disbanded in 1868. All the improvements on his land and buildings have been made by himself, and about 120 acres is under cultivation. He is now retired and his stepson rents the farm. Mr. Van Guilder was married in November, 1869, to Aribell Poe, daughter of Richard and Margaret Poe, by whom he had three children: Milton A., living in Stanton; Julia, who married Dr. Houston, now of Montana, and one child who died in infancy. His wife died, and later he married Mrs. Matilda Saylor, who had three children by her first marriage, Elizabeth, Frank, now deceased, and Lester, the latter of Avhom rents the farm. Wallace and Matilda Van Guilder have one son, Jesse, who is attending the State University, where he is pre- paring to practice dentistry. Mr. Van Guilder is a Republican, 882 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY but has never sought or held any public office. He affiliates with the George McKinley Post, No. 92, G. A. R., of Cannon Falls. Mr. Van Guilder’s uncle and grandmother were victims of the Indian massacre near New Ulm, Minn. Francis Goudy, Sr., one of the large farmers of Stanton town- ship, has been assessor of his township for about thirty-five years, and has also served a long period as school clerk. Pie comes of good old stock, his ancestors being of that sturdy and devoted race who people the northern part of Ireland. Born in County Down, in that country, August 3, 1838, he came to America in the dawn of his early manhood and settled at once in Stanton township. He worked four months as a farm hand, then rented a farm a short time, and subsequently made his first start as a land owner by purchasing eighty acres. On this land he built a log cabin, and lived in it five years. From this small beginning has grown his present prosperity. He now owns 563 acres of tillable land, aside from several tracts of timber. He has made all the improvements on the place, which is eight miles from Cannon Falls village and four miles from Stanton village. Aside from general farming, he engages in dairying and owns some excellent stock. Mr. Goudy faithfully adheres to the Republican party, and affiliates with the Masonic lodge at Cannon Falls. lie was married in 1865 to Bridget McWeeney, who has proven a good wife and mother. To this union has been born a goodly number of sturdy children. They are AVilliam R., A. P., Francis, James A., Marie M., Nathaniel, Robert J., John T., George II. and Elizabeth A., all of whom are at home. Annie, the fourth child, is dead. Mr. Goudy Avas one of the organizers of the Stanton cheese factory and was secretary and manager of the same for about ten years of its first existence. He also assisted in organizing the Stanton Farmers’ Mutual Insurance Company, in 1895, of which company he Aims elected treasurer and still holds that office. Andrew Felien owns a fertile farm of eighty acres in Stanton township, Avhere he is rearing a family of ten sturdy children. He was born in Sweden April 22, 1860, son of AndreAV and Kate (Johnson) Feline, Avho lived and died in the old country. In 1882, at the age of tAA r enty-two years, Andrew left the shores of his native land and made his first venture in America as a rvork- man in St. Paul. He also labored for a short time in Spring Garden, but a short time later came to Stanton. When he first came here he worked about five years as an employee of Johnson Miller. Subsequently lie rented Mr. Miller’s farm, but three years later went to Dakota and tilled the land there seven years. About a dozen years ago, he came back to this township and purchased the farm which he now owns. Plere he has made many HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 883 improvements on the house ancl buildings, and has erected a fine windmill. He makes a specialty of dairying and sells milk to the Cannon Falls cheese factory. Politically he is a Republican, and is now serving as treasurer of his school district. He was married in 1887 to Emma Denning, daughter of Sidney and Annie Denning, who came to this county before the war. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Feline are : Cora, Kattie, Arthur, Lulu, Florence, Clara, Lawrence and Clarence (twins), Edward and Ernest. All the children are at home, and those of suitable age attend school. John H. Whitson, Stanton township, was born in Canada, January 15, 1862, son of Robert and Mary (Riddell) Whitson. The father was a native of Scotland, and the mother of Canada. They spent their early life in Canada, and came to Minnesota in 1863, settling in Sciota township, Dakota county, where they remained but a short time, after which they removed to Stanton, Goodhue county and engaged in farming up to the time of the father’s death. They had a family of seven children, all of whom are living. John received his education in the common schools in the county, and at Northfield, where he attended Carleton Col- lege two years. After leaving school he took up farming in the western part of the state for a while, after which he went west and located in Portland, Ore., where he remained seven years, managing a drug store for two years and working in a shingle mill for five years. He then returned to Minnesota and settled in Stanton township on a farm of 240 acres, which is the old Miller homestead, and engaged in general farming and dairying. In 1886 he was married to Cora Miller, daughter of H. D. Miller. They have three children : Helen and Harry, attending high school at Northfield, and Claude, at home. Mr. Whitson is a Republican in his political views, .is a supervisor of the township, and a member of the school board. Mr. AYhitson is a Mason, member of Lodge No. 34 of Cannon Falls, and of the M. W. A. camp 8466, of Stanton. N. J. Miller, Stanton township, was born in Goodhue county, Minnesota, January 3, 1861, son of H. D. and Harriet (Ellis) Miller. The father is a native of Vermont and came to Stanton in the early days, being among the first settlers. After arriving here he purchased 220 acres of land, which he broke and im- proved, hauling his products, which consisted mostly of grain, to Hastings and St. Paul, bringing back lumber for his home and buildings, doing all himself. He also had large flocks and herds of stock, having brought sheep and cattle here with him. His wife died in 1907. N. J. was educated in the common schools, and worked with his father on the farm until his marriage. After marriage he carried on his father’s farm eighteen years, 884 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY subsequent to which he purchased eighty acres of land, across the road from his father’s farth, and engaged in general farming and dairying, which he still continues, making a specialty of raising sheep of which lie owns a flock of over 100. Mr. Miller was married in 1882 to Edith Yanguilder, daughter of Stephen and Caroline (Knowlton) Yanguilder, the former a native of Vermont and the latter of Boston. They came to Cannon Falls' in 1855, where the father engaged in his trade of carpenter. He died in 1897 and the mother in 1906. They had eight children: Ida, Ira, Edith, John, Cecil, Mabel, and Stephen. Two children died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Miller have five children: Inez, married to William Moorehouse, of Stanton ; Beatrix, Archie, Beryl, and Herschel, who are at home. Mr. Miller is a Republican, but has never sought or held public office. James Pollard, of Stanton township, was born in Manchester, England, January 22, 1828, son of Thomas and Ann (Cosgrove) Pollard, the former a native of England and the latter of Ire- land. They were married in England in 1827, one year later came to America, landing at New York, where they remained a short time, afterward living near Hudson, N. Y., and at North Adams, Mass., the father being a calico manufacturer. In 1842 they located in Watertown, Jefferson county, Wisconsin, and engaged in farming until the father’s death in 1846. The mother died in Hastings, Minn. James Polland was an only child. In 1856 he came to Minnesota and located in Stanton township, and is consequently believed to be the oldest living resident of the township. Upon his arrival here he pre-empted 160 acres of land, which he broke and improved, using horses at first and later oxen. For two years he and his wife lived in a small board shanty, later adding a small room. In 1876 the present residence was built. In February, 1865, Mr.. Pollard enlisted in Company I, First Minnesota Heavy Artillery, under Captain Thomas Carney. He served in the Army of Cumberland and Tennessee, and was discharged October II, 1865. October 11, 1850, he was married to Margaret M. Gibson, born in County Clair, Ireland, July 4, 1832, daughter of Peter and Ellen Gibson, also natives of County Clair, Ireland, who came to America in 1847 and settled in Watertown, Jefferson county, Wisconsin, living on a farm in Milford township, in the same county, until 1859, when they came to Stanton. James and Margaret Pollard were the parents of twelve children: John, now of Dunbar, Ohio; James, of Minnesota; Ella E., of Spearfish, S. D. ; Henrietta, of South Da- kota; Adeline (deceased); Benjamin, a railroad man of Min- neapolis; William H., of Idaho; George C., of Rochford, S. D.; Eugene (deceased) ; Thomas (deceased) ; Francelia, of Boise, Idaho; Margaret, of Spearfish, S. D. Mrs. Pollard died August HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 885 3, 1885, and on December 5, 1891, Mr. Pollard was married to Ellen A. Carel, a native of Canada. There were no children by this marriage. Mr. Pollard has a fine farm and carries on gen- eral farming and dairying with much success. He is a Democrat in political views and is a strong advocate of free trade. He has been justice of the peace since 1867 and is notary public, road- master and member of the school board. He is a charter member of the G. A. R. of Cannon Falls; also a charter member of the Stanton Insurance Company and Farmers’ Mutual Fire Insur- ance Company. Mr. Pollard is not a member of any church, but gives impartially to all. John S. Lilleskov, Stanton township, son of Sjur Tokvam and Anna Lilleskov, was born in Norway, September 30, 1873. The father came to this country in 1871, and settled in Minnesota for a short time, then went to Pembina county, North Dakota. Later he moved to Grafton, N. D., and Avhere he has since remained. The mother still lives in Norway. There were five children: Mike, Annie, Gertrude, Herman, and John, the subject of this sketch. John S. received his education in the public schools of Norway, and came to the United States in 1893, locating in Free- born county, Minnesota, where he worked on a farm for two years, after which he came to Goodhue county, where he Avas employed on a farm for three years. He then purchased 147 acres of land, of Avhich 120 acres Avas improved, and engaged in farming for himself, having since carried on general farming and dairying. He also sells cream to the Stanton cheese factory. He has made many improvements on the place, lias remodeled some buildings, and lias a fine farm located six and a half miles from Cannon Falls. In 1898 he was married to Betsy Frettam, daughter of Ole and Soniva (Wangen) Frettam. Avho are old settlers of this county, and farmers of Warsaw touniship. Mr. and Mrs. Lilleskov ha\ r e five children : Oscar J., Martin J., Annie S., Theodore 0., and Selmer C. Mr. Lilleskov is inde- pendent in his politics. He is a member of the BeneA'ulent Society of Wangen Prairie, and he and his family attend the Norwegian Lutheran church of Wangen Prairie. Robert Goudy, of Stanton township, Avas born in Ireland. March 1, 1832, son of William and Betty Ann (Reid) Goudy. Robert and his brother came to America in 1857, direct to Stanton toAvnship, where they bought and improved land, living Avith their sister and her husband, Mr. and Mrs. McCorkell, avIio had come six months previous, until they could put up a shanty of their oval. By hauling their products to Hastings and Red Wing, and bringing back lumber, they were enabled in a short time to build a home. Since their first arrival they engaged in farming and continued to improve the place. In 1869 their brother, Nathaniel, 8S6 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY and sister, Elizabeth Ann, came to this country and have since made their home with the brothers. Elizabeth has. eighty acres of her own in Section 20. In 1879 Robert paid a visit to the old home in Ireland. He is a Republican and is a stockholder in the Stanton cheese factory. The brothers have some fine land which they have brought to a high state of cultivation. Through hard work and thrift they have become prosperous and are highly respected. 0. E. Emery, of Stanton township, was born in New York state, May 30, 1853, son of Jacob and Eliza (Portman) Emery, natives of Jamestown, N. Y., who came to Rice county in 1855 and engaged in farming. 0. E. Emery received his education in the early days, when a log cabin served for a school house and long planks for seats. After school days were over, he worked on his father’s farm until he was twenty-seven years old, when he came to Stanton township and purchased land which he im- proved, starting general farming and stock raising, which he has carried on for twenty years. He was the first man in the town- ship to bring in a registered Holstein bull. He now does some dairying, and has twenty-six Holstein cows. His farm consists of 200 acres of land, of which all but twenty-five acres is under cultivation. The house and outbuildings are in excellent condi- tion, Mr. Emery having made all the improvements himself. He was married in 1879 to Isabelle Whitson, daughter of Andrew and Abigail (Dack) Whitson, who are old settlers, having lived in this county for over forty years. Four children have blessed the Emery home : Earl, Ethel, Orville, and Charles, all of whom are with their parents. Mr. Emery had three brothers who served in the Civil War, two, three and four years respec- tively. Mr. Emery is Republican in politics, and has served as supervisor, also on the school board. He was one of the organ- izers of the Stanton Mutual Fire Insurance Company, of which he is a director; also helped start the Farmers’ Elevator at Stanton. He is a member of the M. W. A. Camp 1540, of Cannon Falls. W. F. Deline, of Stanton township, was born in Lenawee county, Michigan, July 1, 1845, son of Nelson and Debora (Lott) Deline, natives of New York state, where they spent their early life and were married; later removing to Michigan and remain- ing four years, after which they returned to their native state, where they spent the remainder of their days, the father dying in October, 1907, and the mother in 1859. W. F. received his education in the common schools, and later attended the academy at Medina, N. Y., until the war broke out, when he enlisted in Company L. Second New York Mounted Rifles, in 1863. He served in the Army of Potomac and, with the exception of when W. F. Deline IIISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 887 lie was disabled, took part in all the battles and conflicts of the campaign, from the wilderness to Appomattox. He was severely wounded at Petersburg and spent several months in the hospital, but returned to duty after his recovery, and remained till the close of the war. He was discharged at City Point, Va., and mustered out August, 1865. He then returned home and attended the Eastman Commercial Business College at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and afterwards came to Minnesota, where he engaged in farming in Stanton township for one and a half years. He then went to Faribault county, Minnesota, and took up a homestead near Blue Earth City, remaining for five years, after which he returned to New York, where he was engaged in farming seven years. Later he removed to Stanton township, where he now owns ninety acres of land and is engaged in general farming in a small way, being secretary of the Stanton Farmers’ Mutual Fire Insurance Company ; that, with other outside duties, taking a good share of his time. Mr. Deline was married in 1868 to Julany D., daughter of John and Eliza Deline. They were natives of eastern New York, and in 1855 came to Stanton township, where they pre-empted land and engaged in farming. Both parents are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Deline have had two children. Jennie, who lives at home, is a retired school teacher with years of experience in the schools of the county and in different towns of the state, being now a successful poultry raiser. Franklin Ward married Myrtle Scott, of Red Wing, and lives in Cass county, Minnesota, engaged in farming. Mr. Deline is a Republican in his politics, and has been chairman of the town board for several years. He is also .justice of the peace. He has been a member of George McKinley Post No. 92, G. A. R., since 1878 and, although living five miles from the post hall, lias never missed a meeting in the past twenty- five years unless absent from home. He also belongs to the A. 0. U. W. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. A. H. Van Voorhis, now deceased, was born in Dutchess county, New York, in 1830, son of Christian and Elizabeth (Hate) Voor- his, natives of New York, of Holland descent. A. IT. came west in 1856 and located in Minnesota, where he took up land in Section 34 of Stanton township, and remained several years, after which he removed to the present homestead of 160 acres, also in Stanton township, and engaged in general farming until his death in 1906. All the improvements on the place were made by himself, the first home of the family here being a log house, which was on the farm when he purchased it. He later erected a more comfortable home and other outbuildings, making gen- eral improvements. In 1857 he was married to Catherine Lipp. S88 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Her parents were natives of Ohio, where she was born, and Avhere her father was engaged at his trade of tailor. Mr. and Mrs. Voorhis Avere blessed with seven children: Elizabeth, married to Manley Davis, of Stanton township; Eugene, noAv of Wiscon- sin; Georgette, living at Cascade; Walter, Avho manages the farm; Abbie (deceased) ; Oliver, iioav of Canada; and Lewis, a farmer of Warsaw toAvnship. Mr. Voorhis was a Republican in his poli- tics, and held several offices in the township. lie Avas a veteran of the Civil War, enlisted in 1864, Avas assigned to the army of the Cumberland and Tennessee, and took part in all the battles of the campaign. lie Avas a member of the G. A. R. and Masons of Cannon Falls. The family attend the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Yan Voorhis Avas a man of staunch character and kindly disposition, a Avorthy example of those pioneers Avliose belief in the right and abhorrence of the wrong served to make the county a place of peace and order since the earliest settlement. He was a faithful husband, solicitous of the welfare and pleasure of his family, never so happy as when doing something for the comfort of his Avife and the prosperity of his children. His death was sincerely mourned by the community in which he lived, by the societies to which he belonged, by the church in which he Avas a worshiper and by the family in which he Avas loved the best. Hon. Ole K. Naeseth, of Wanamingo toAvnship, avIio repre- sents Goodhue county in the Minnesota senate, is a man of rugged character, unswerving principles and rigid adherence to duty, and his long years of public service have proven his ability. From early manhood he has been active in public life. His first office Avas that of clerk of school district number 60. From 1879 to ’84 he Avas county ’ commissioner, and from 1885 to ’87 served in the state legislature. His occupancy of his present position dates from 1903. In him the interests of the county have an earnest advocate and supporter, and his Avork has more than justified the confidence that, has been reposed in him. Mr. Naesseth was born in Walworth county, Wisconsin, November 30, 1844, and Avas brought to Wanamingo toAvnship by his parents at the age of tAvelve years, spending his boyhood here during the days of the early pioneers. Here he received such education as the schools of the neighborhood afforded, and looked after his father’s business until 1885, wdien he came into possession of the old homestead, where he still carries on general farming, man- aging in addition to this a farm of 140 acres in Section 25, OAvned by his Avife. Being Avilling to contribute of his money as well as of his influence to aid in the general progress of the county, he has taken stock in a number of farmers’ elevators and in the First State Bank of Zumbrota. Senator Naeseth Avas married, Hon 0. K. Xaeseth HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 889 June 12, 1874, at Wanamingo, to Mrs. Rachael Seiurn Olson, by whom he has had five children : Herman is manager of the elevator at Wanamingo and also manages a farm; Carl is a dray- man in Minneapolis ; John is a student in the law department of the State University ; Ida, who has graduated from the Luther- an Ladies’ Seminary at Red Wing, is a school teacher; Adolf is a graduate of the Lutheran College, at Decorah, Iowa. The family faith is that of the Norwegian Lutheran church. Kjostel and Maria II. (Faehn) Naeseth, parents of the subject of this sketch, were born in Norway and upon coming to America lived in Walworth and Dane counties, Wisconsin, until moving to Wanamingo township in 1856. Here they purchased 160 acres of wild land, which they broke and improved, holding and dispos- ing of other tracts from time to time, but always retaining the original homestead in Section 10. The father died in July, 1897, and the mother in January, 1895. Martin Halvorson, cashier of the Farmers’ State Bank of Wanamingo, is a native product of the village, born May 24, 1881, son of Martin and Gretha (Fraas) Halvorson, both natives of Norway. After coming to this country the father clerked for a while in a store at Wanamingo, and then opened a general store of his OAvn, which business he followed until his death in 1899. His widow is still living. Martin was brought up in this village, and aside from attending the public schools here, also took courses in the Augsbury Seminary at Minneapolis and the Normal school at Mankato. After leaving school he worked for a time on his father’s farm, and clerked in his father’s store. A short period before the father’s death, the two brothers, Martin and Henry, purchased the store and in December, 1904, they or- ganized the Farmers’ State Bank of Wanamingo. Martin at first was assistant cashier, but in January, 1909, was promoted to his present position. He is a Prohibitionist in politics and is interested financially in the Wanamingo Lumber Company. In church circles he is well liked, being president of the Young People’s Association of the Wanamingo church and superintend- ent of the Sunday school. He was married, December 19, 1906. at Mankato, Minn., to Anna Gunderson, daughter of Ole and Ingeborg (Kelly) Gunderson, natives of Norway. The father is a tailor in Mankato, where he conducts a successful business. To Mr. and Mrs. Halvorson, one son, George M., was born October 23, 1907. Henry M. Halvorson, one of those hustling young men who have given the village of Wanamingo the reputation for pro- gressiveness which it so richly deserves, is a native product, born in this village June 3, 1875, son of Martin Halvorson. His edu- cation was received in the public schools of Wanamingo and 890 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Zumbrota, the Augsbury Seminary and Beeman’s Business Col- lege. Thus equipped with a classical and business training, he took up the mercantile business in Wanamingo, following same for six years. In 1904, together with his brother Martin and others, he organized the Farmers’ State Bank of Wanamingo, of which he is vice president and secretary. In addition to this he was postmaster of the village for eleven years until his resig- nation in February, 1909. He has been clerk of district No. 63 for many years and was for some time secretary of the Wana- mingo, Minneola and Cherry Grove Mutual Fire Insurance Com- pany. He is interested in the Wanamingo Lumber Company. To his efforts as director, the Wanamingo choir, a musical organi- zation of young folks, owes much of its excellence and merit. Mr. Halvorson was married October 24, 1900, to Nettie Cliris- lock, daughter of Relief and Dordi (Lund) Chrislock, natives of Norway and well known farmers of Wanamingo. The Llal- vorson home has been brightened by the arrival of three children : Martha Louise, born July 16, 1902; Ralph Donald, born Septem- ber 4, 1904; and Flelen Josephine, born December 1, 1907. Mr. Halvorson is an independent Republican and the family faith is that of the Evangelical Lutheran church. Andrew H. Tongen, one of the substantial and well-to-do farmers of Wanamingo township, is a native of Wisconsin, born in Columbia county, October 20, 1862. At the age of nine years he came to Wanamingo township with his parents, attended the schools of his neighborhood and took up farming with his father until 1882, when he assumed charge of the home farm. Being a hard worker and taking a thorough interest in his under- takings, he soon had one of the finest farms in the township, adding to its well kept appearance in 1905 by erecting a fine residence. The original homestead has been increased by the purchase of sixty acres adjoining, and in 1908 Mr. Tongen bought another farm of 138 acres in Minneola township, which he also manages. Llis farming operations consist in raising general crops and breeding live stock. As an encouragement to public enterprise Mr. Tongen has taken stock in the elevators at AYana- mingo and Zumbrota, and since January 1, 1906, he lias been secretary of the AVanamingo, Cherry Grove and Minneola Mutual Fire Insurance Company. By Anna M. Thompson, whom he married, November 27, 1882, the subject of this sketch has had nine children : Ole H. and Eddie are in Minneola township, and Oscar, Chester, Henry, Peter, Alfred, Luella and Clara are at home, Chester being a student in St. Olaf’s College at Northfield. Mrs. Tongen ’s parents were Peter O. and Bretha Thompson, natives of Norway, who came to America and settled in Min- neola township, where the mother still lives, the father being HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 891 dead. Ole H. Tongen and his wife, Karen Andrea Ruglad, par- ents of Andrew H. Tongen, came to America in 1845, and after living three years in Chicago, farmed in Columbia, AYis., until 1871, and then came to Wanamingo township, purchasing 160 acres on which they carried on general farming until the death of the father, May 17, 1882. The mother died in November, 1905, at the home of her daughter, Mrs. 0. H. Houkos, having been blessed in her declining years with the loving care of her children. Hans H. Holtan, of Wanamingo, now deceased, was born in Norway, December 14, 1820, and came to America in 1845, set- tling in Chicago. In 1849 he moved to Belvidere, 111., and in the spring of 1850 located in Portage City, Wis., where he remained one year, after which he purchased a farm on what was known as “Indian land,” about six miles from Portage ’City. Here he tilled the soil until 1856, when he came to Wanamingo and pur- chased 160 acres on Section 17, which, on account of sickness, he afterward sold. Later he made another purchase, to which he added from time to time until he owned 400 acres, 160 being in Section 13 and 240 in Section 24. Upon this farm he erected a home which at that time was considered the finest country residence in the county, and which is still a beautiful country place. Mr. Holtan had the distinguished honor of sitting in the first general assembly of the state of Minnesota, and in addition to this he was chairman of the township several terms and also served in other public positions of trust and honor. He was a liberal public-spirited man, greatly liked in the community wherein he resided. By his first wife. Aline Svenungsdatter, whom he married July 4, 1848, and who died August 12, 1855, he had two children. Of these, Hans is dead and Samuel lives in Dawson, Minn. He was married again in Faribault, October 31, 1857, to Anna Maria Pedersdatter Nostebiae, who died Janu- ary .13, 1876. By this union there were six children. Charles lives in Madison, Peter lives in Kenyon; Gunhild lives in Madi- son, AYis. ; Andrew lives in Zumbrota and Henry lives in Madison, AYis.; as does also Christine. July 11. 1877, he was married again to Sophia Mosleth, by whom he had six children. Marie is the wife of T. T. Rygh ; Joseph lives in Park City, Mont.; John lives in Wanamingo township; Louise also lives in Wanamingo township ; Hulda and Selma are both deceased. Hans II. Holtan died September 4, 1904, and his death caused genuine sorrow throughout the county. John M. Holtan was born April 1, 1882, on the farm in Wana- mingo where he is now located, his parents being the pioneers, Hans FI. and Sophia (Mosleth) Holtan. After completing the courses offered in the Wanamingo public schools, he attended a business college in Minneapolis, subsequently returning to the S92 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY old homestead where he has since remained. He is the worthy son of a worthy father, and, like his noble sire before him, car- ries on farming on an extensive scale. He is unmarried, and looks after the comfort of his mother who is still sorrowing the loss of her distinguished and loving husband. Mr. Holtan is a staunch Republican and has served the town as road overseer. He holds stock in the Wanamingo Elevator Company, and frater- nally has associated himself with the Knights of Pythias and the Modern Samaritans, in both of which he is a popular member. The family has for many years been prominent in the Norwegian Lutheran church, and to that faith Mr. Iloltan gives his loyal support and sympathy. Peter J. Blakstad, an esteemed farmer of Wanamingo town- ship, has reason to be proud of the record he has made as a pro- gressive citizen. Born in Norway, January 10, 1840, son of John Johnson and his good wife, Gertrude Peterson, he came to America in 1871, locating first in Roscoe township and then in Pine Island township. It was in 1892 that he came to Wana- mingo township and purchased 160 acres of improved land in Sections 2 and 11. This farm he has continued to cultivate, erecting a new dwelling house and several commodious farm buildings, his operations consisting of raising the usual crops and breeding live stock. Mr. Blakstad ’s seven years’ service as supervisor has been cautious and economical, and his work as treasurer of school district 64 has shown his interest in the liberal education of the younger generation. Aside from his farm prop- erty he owns stock in several elevator and creamery enterprises. In September, 1872, shortly after coming to America, Mr. Blak- stad was married to Carrie Gundesdatter. Three children have blessed their home: Andrew, Joseph and Mattie, the latter of whom is married to Sivert IJagge, of South Dakota. The family worships at. the Norwegian Lutheran church. Ole Follingstad, president of the First State Bank of Wana- mingo, was born in Norway, August 15, 1834, son of Ole and Mary (Kolb erg) Follingstad, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1861 and lived with their son, Martin Follingstad, until the time of their death, both passing away in 1882 or 1883. Ole 0. Follingstad received his education in the public schools of Norway and came to this country in 1861, locating in Wana- mingo township. In 1868 lie purchased eighty acres of land, which he has since increased until he now owns 380 acres of highly improved land. His home is a pleasant one and well furnished, the large amount of books in the house testifying to his literary tastes. He still carries on general farming. In politics an independent voter, he has been elected assessor of the township seven different years, and has served on the school HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 893 board many terms. Aside from his farming interests he owns stock in the elevator and lumber companies as well as in the financial institution of which he is president. He was married October 30, 1868, to Emma Bakkertun, daughter of Sivert and Gure (Onstad) Bakkertun, natives of Norway, who settled in Rock county, Wisconsin, in 1858 and in Leon township, this county, in 1861, engaging in farming operations for the remainder of their days, the father dying in 1866 and the mother in 1894. To Mr. and Mrs. Follingstad have been born eight children : Olaf is dead, passing away in 1897 at the age of twenty-six years ; Mary, born in 1872, is the wife of Deafin Goplin, of North Dakota ; Julia is the wife of the Rev. Thomas Hanson, of Franklin, Minn. ; Oscar, Ida, Matilda and Lewis are the next four children ; Henry, the youngest, is a graduate of the agricultural department of the State University, and is now in North Dakota. The family faith of the Follingstad family is that of the Norwegian Lutheran church. Mr. Follingstad is one of the substantial men of the township and his influence is strongly felt in the village where he has contributed both his efforts and his money to assist in the upbuilding of the business interests. Ole I. Haugen owns a well cultivated farm in Wanamingo township, known as Highland Brook Farm, and carries on agri- cultural operations along the latest approved lines. He is a native of this county, born in Holden township, September 28, 1862. After receiving his earlier education in the schools of his neighborhood, he attended the high schools of Faribault and Northfield, and subsequently clerked in a store for one year. In 1884 he went north to Polk county, this state, and purchased 160 acres which he farmed one year. The fall of that year saw him again on the old homestead in Iloldeu township, and in the following spring he sold his Polk county farm and purchased eighty acres of the home place, remaining there until 1898. It Avas in that year that he came to Wanamingo township, pur- chased 175 acres, and started general farming, altering and im- proving the buildings and developing the farm, upon which he now raises the usual crops and makes a specialty of dairying, having a fine herd of Holstein cattle. To this farm he has recently added fifteen acres, and in addition OAvns the remaining eighty acres of the old homestead in Holden township. An inde- pendent voter in politics, Mr. Haugen has served as justice of the peace and is now clerk of school district 61. He Avas mar- ried, November 16, 1892, to Carrie Dalbotten, daughter of Iver and Anna (Trove) Dalbotten, natives of Nonvay, Avho came to this country in 1857 and settled in Holden township, where they both died. Before her marriage Mrs. Haugen was a teacher of instrumental music. She has borne to her husband seA^en chil- 894 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY dren : Irvin, Eva, Obert, Edward, Clifford, Anna and Rudolph, all of whom are at home. The family faith is that of the Lutheran church. Iver and Bretha (Earager) Haugen, parents of Ole I. Haugen, were born in Norway and came to America in 1857, locating in Holden township where they purchased 160 acres of wild land, which they broke and cleared, and built a comfortable home, following general farming until November 11, 1885, when the father died. The mother is still living on the old homestead. Edward Oredalen, editor of the AVanamingo Progress, a newsy little paper which has for its purpose the relating of the news of the neighborhood and the booming of the village as a commercial center, is a native born son of the county, having first seen the light of day in Cherry Grove township, June 30, 1880, son of Mr. and Mrs. G. O. Oredalen, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1873 and located in Cherry Grove town- ship. To their first purchase of forty acres they soon added eighty more, and upon these 120 acres they have since continued to carry on general farming. They have raised a goodly family of children, being the parents of Emma, Ole, Guri, Turina, Mary, Edward, Nels, Olena and Julia, all of whom except Nels are living. Edward received his education in the schools of his native township, and took a course in the Red AVing Business College. He then studied two years in the Minnesota Normal School and Business College, in Minneapolis, and for several months after graduation was an instructor in the commercial department of that institution. He subsequently became book- keeper and stenographer For the Central Fuel and Transfer Com- pany of Minneapolis, afterward returning to Cherry Grove town- ship where, in company with his brother, he purchased 160 acres adjoining the old homestead. He still spends his spare time in assisting his brother on this farm. In April, 1909, yielding to the entreaties of his fellow citizens, who deemed him the man most suited to start the enterprise, he established -the AVanamingo Progress, which he has since conducted with discretion and abil- ity. Editor Oredalen is a fine example of a self-made young man. He worked his own way through college and acquired liis educa- tion by dint of hard work. Being a deep thinker on all political questions, he has refused to follow the dictates of any party leader, and votes independently. In religion he is a believer in the faith of the Norwegian Lutheran church. He is still a young man, and his friends predict for him and his paper a brilliant future. Sam J. Swenson was born in AVanamingo township, where he still resides, November 15, 1864, son of John and Anna Swenson. He received his education in the school of AVanamingo, and in 1904 went to Yellow Medicine county, where in 1896 he pur- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 895 chased 640 acres of land, built a home and followed general farming until 1904, when he returned to Wanamingo township and engaged in farming in Section 20 on a farm of 160 acres. In 1905 he added forty acres, making in all a farm of 200 acres, all under cultivation. Since returning to Wanamingo he has sold his land in Yellow Medicine county and bought 160 acres in North Dakota. On his farm in Wanamingo he has erected a good home at a cost of $3,500 ; also a barn thirty by sixty feet. Mr. Swenson was married, October 1, 1893, to Laura Gulmon, daughter of Agil and Anna Gulmon, natives of Fillmore county. They later went to North Dakota, where the father died in 1904. The mother is still living in the old home in Sanborn, N. D. Mr. and Mrs. Swenson have four children : Florence, John, Alvira and Stella. Mr. Swenson is a Republican in his political views, and is a stockholder in the elevator at, Bombay. Hans M. Hjermstad, of Wanamingo township, was born in Norway, December 28, 1854, son of Martin and Martha (Erick- son). Hjermstad, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1866 and located in Belle Creek township, where they bought 160 acres of land which the father broke and improved, erecting a home and following general farming until 1906, when they retired and purchased a home in Kenyon village. The mother died December 12, 1894, in Belle Creek, and the father is still living. Hans M. received his education in the schools of Belle Creek and worked on the farm with his father until 1882, when he went to Wanamingo township and engaged in farming four years, after which he removed to Red AVing and took up the trade of electrical engineer at the electric plant, remaining six years. He then entered the employ of Boxrud Bros., worked for them six years and in 1898 returned to the farm, since which he has followed general farming. Mr. Hjermstad was married June 16, 1882, to Anna Quaal, daughter of John and Rosa (Bjorngaard)' Quaal, natives of Norway. They came to America in 1866, locating in Wanamingo township, where they remained two years, after which they went to Minneola township, remain- ing five years. In 1872 they removed to Wanamingo township, where they purchased a farm and engaged in general farming, the father also Avorking at his trade as blacksmith at Hader. Mr. and Mrs. Hjermstad have had six children: Matilda, mar- ried to George M. Draper, of Mankato ; Julius, of Kenyon ; Agnes, who is a stenographer at Zumbrota ; Minda, Ruth, and Norma. The last three named live at home. Mr. Hjermstad is an inde- pendent voter and has held the office of supervisor, and has been clerk of the school board in district 64 for nine years. He is also road OA r erseer. The family attend the Lutheran church. Haagen Thoreson was born on the farm in AA T anamingo toAvn- 896 IilSTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY ship, where he now resides, September 6, 1879, son of Tliorsten and Sigrid (Satren) Thoreson, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1858 and located in Wanamingo township, where they purchased eighty acres of land, adding more from time to time, until they owned in all 400 acres, the home being located in Section 13. The father broke and improved most of this land, built a fine brick house and other outbuildings, and followed general farming until in 1901, when he retired from active life, enjoying the result of his diligent labors, until he was borne to his last resting place July 18, 1908. Ilis wife is still living on the old homestead. Iiaagen received his education in the common schools of Wanamingo, and worked with his father on the farm until in 1902, when he rented the farm which he has since con- ducted. He also owns and works 120 acres of land in Minneola township. Mr. Thoreson was married November 29, 1906, to Gurena Johnson, daughter of Burtenus and Randy (Satren) Johnson, natives of Norway, who came to America and located in. Goodhue county, later removing to Lac qui Parle county, where they engaged in farming. The mother died in October, 1877, and the father, October 11, 1904. Mr. and Mrs. Thoreson have one child, Thorney, born August 11, 1908. Mr. Thoreson is an independent Republican in politics, and is a treasurer of school - district No. 99. He is also a stockholder in the Farmers’ Ele- vator of Wanamingo. The family are communicants of the Lutheran Free church. John J. Tiller, of Wanamingo township, was born in Chicago, 111., June 19, 1865, son of John and Marith (Skjervold) Tiller, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1864, settling in Chicago, where they remained for two years. In 1866 they came to Red Wing, where the father secured employment in Dens- more Bros’, foundry, where he worked nine years, after which they removed to Wanamingo township and engaged in farming and blacksmithing, purchasing 150 acres of land in Section 26, where he remained until his death, January 28, 1908. The mother still lives on the old homestead. John received his education in the common schools of Wanamingo, and, after leaving school, entered business with his father and learned the blacksmith and woodworking trade, which he has since followed. Mr. Tiller has never married. In politics he is a Prohibitionist and belongs to the United Lutheran church. He is a stockholder in the Farmers’ State Bank of Wanamingo, the Farmers’ Mutual Telephone Com- pany of Wanamingo, and in the Farmers’ Elevator of AYana- mingo. Lauritz Z. Johnson, of Wanamingo township, was born in Fillmore county, Minnesota, August 18, 1872, son of Edward and Guri (Tew) Johnson, natives of Norway, who came to America HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 897 in 1849, locating in Fillmore county, and engaged in fanning until the death of the father, August 17, 1891. The mother is still living at Peterson, Fillmore county. Lauritz received his education in the schools at Fillmore and later attended business college at Ottawa, 111. After leaving school he was employed in the grocery store for three years at Ottawa, 111. Then he took up pharmacy for a couple of years, after which he went to Jewel, Iowa, and took a business course. When he had completed this course, he returned to the drug store, and remained until 1889, when he came to Wanamingo township and purchased the old William Williams farm of 240 acres. Here he made a great many improvements, and built a new house, with all modern conven- iences, including an electric light plant, with air pressure water system, and hot water heat. This house is valued at $6,000. He now carries on general farming and stock raising, and has been very successful. Mr. Johnson Avas married November 16, 1899, to Angeline Wing, daughter of Charles and Lilly (Hill) Wing, natives of Illinois, now residents of Leon township. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have two children: Charles, born October 2, 1906, and Geneva, born June 15, 1908. Mr. Johnson is a Repub- lican in politics and has served as town clerk of Wanamingo and as clerk of the school board of District 61. He owns stock in the farmers’ elevators, creameries at different places, and is also interested in the Farmers’ Telephone Company. Ole Bygd was born in Wanamingo township, where he still resides, March 12, 1857, son of Hans and Catherine (Bolstad) Bygd, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1853, settling in Illinois, where they remained until 1856, when they came to Wanamingo township, where they took up a government claim of 160 acres which the father cleared, built a home and other out- buildings and followed general farming until 1882, when they retired. The mother died in March, 1898, but the father is still living. Ole received his education in the common schools of Wanamingo and worked with his father on the farm until 1882, when he bought the old homestead and has followed a general line of farming. Mr., Bygd was married July 14, 1900, to Sophie Island, daughter of Martin and Gertrude Island, natives of Nor- Avay, Avho came to America and settled in Cherry Grove town- ship. The father died in 1899, but the mother is still living. Mr. and Mrs. Bygd haA T e three children: Lillian, born October 24, 1901 ; Mary, born February 20. 1903 ; Llelen, born August 2, 1904. Mr. Bygd is a Republican in his politics and is a stock- holder in the farmers’ eleA r ators at Wanamingo and Kenyon. The family attend the Lutheran church. John A. Bonhus Avas born in Wanamingo township, where he still resides, February 7, 1856, son of AndreAv K. and Anna 898 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Olsbrygge, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1846, locating in Dane county, Wisconsin, remaining until 1854, when they removed to Wanamingo township where they pre-empted 240 acres of wild land which the father broke and improved. He erected a home and other outbuildings and followed general farming until his death on June 11, 1866. The mother died on June 17, 1897. John A. received his education in AVanamingo township. After leaving school he took up farming and now owns 115 acres in Section 7 where he resides, and where he has followed general farming. AVlien he was twenty-one years of age he went to Brookings county, South Dakota, took up a home- stead of 160 acres and a tree claim of 160 acres, which he proved up in three years and then sold the land. He now has 160 acres in North Dakota under cultivation. Mr. Bonhus has never mar- ried. He has seven brothers and sisters : Gunder and Anna, who died in infancy ; Gunder, who owned the old homestead and died May, 1905 ; Knute, who died at the age of sixteen ; A nn a, who died in 1880; Ivjostolf, of Valley City, N. D. ; Jorgen, who died June 1, 1903. Mr. Bonhus is an independent voter and has never sought public office. He is a member of the Lutheran church. Arnt J. Fordahl, of Wanamingo village, a native of Norway, was born June 16, 1868, son of John and Randi (IJegge) Fordahl, who came to America in 1869 and located on Section 1, Cherry Grove, in the spring of 1870. .Here they first bought 120 acres and later forty acres more, upon which the father built a large home and roomy barns, improving it until it was under a high state of cultivation. He died November 9, 1879, but the mother still lives on the old homestead. Arnt J. acquired his education in the common school at Cherry Grove. Completing this, he worked on the farm and threshed for a number of years. In 1890 he purchased a half interest in the Wanamingo mill, and in 1891 his brother purchased the other half. In the fall of 1891 the brothers built a mill which burned down January 18, 1892. They erected a new mill in the spring and installed ma- chinery for grinding feed and making flour. The mill was then conducted under the name of A. J. Fordahl & Co., until 1900; when the brother sold his interest to Arnt J., who now conducts it under the name of the Wanamingo Flour Mills. They make a specialty of “Nonpareil” and “Staff of Life” flours. This mill was first built by a Mr. Clark, and in 1861 he sold it to Nels Norby, who later sold a half interest to Henry Nelson. Norby and Nelson were in partnership for some time, after which Norby bought Nelson out. The old mill was originally half a mile further west, but in 1868 was moved to the present, site. Mr. Fordahl put steam power into the mill, so it is now operated by both steam and water. He was united in marriage July 1, 1890, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 899 to Hannah Akre, daughter of Hans C. and Anna Akre, natives of Norway. Mr. and Mrs. Akre came to America and located at Madison, Wis., where Mr. Akre worked at cabinet making until 1866. They then came to Holden township and followed farming until 1895, when they removed to Kenyon to live a retired life. Mrs. Akre died in 1904. Mr. and Mrs. Fordahl have ten chil- dren : Joseph H., Rosa A., Anna J., Kenneth E., Ellen V., Albert H., Clarence R., Elmira M., Joel B. and Nora M. Politically Mr. Fordahl affiliates with the Prohibitionists and fraternally with the Modern Samaritans. He is a man of recognized ability, as is shown by the fact that he was state boiler inspector for two years under Governor Van Sant. For six years Mr. Fordahl was school director in District 63, and for three years township supervisor. For a similar period he was president of the Farmers ’ Telephone Company. He is a stockholder in the Telephone Com- pany and the Farmers’ Elevator Company. By his fair business dealings and genial temperament, Mr. Fordahl has won for him- self a large circle of friends and acquaintances Avho respect and admire him. Nels Gunderson, of Wanamingo township, was born in Nor- way in 1844, and there received his education, after which he learned the blacksmith’s trade. He then came to America and located in Wanamingo township, where he worked at his trade until 1879, when he purchased 120 acres of land in Section 9, which he improved, building a fine house and outbuilcjings, and where he has since followed general and diversified farming. Mr. Gunderson is married, his wife also being of Norwegian birth, and they have four children : Dina, now at Beltrami county ; Tilda, now at Los Angeles, Cal. ; Andrew, now at Lawson, Canada, and Joseph, who lives at home, looking after the farm and car- ing for his parents. Mr. Gunderson is a Republican in his politics, but has never sought public office, being too busy with his own duties. He is a hard worker, and lias through his own efforts acquired the prosperity which he now enjoys. The family attend the Lutheran church. Halvor P. Groven was born in Wanamingo township, where he still resides, September 2, 1856, son of Saave and Anna Groven, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1852, settling in Dane county, AVisconsin, where they remained four years. In 1856 they came to Wanamingo township, where they pre-empted several acres of wild land, which the father broke and improved, built a home and carried on general farming until August 13, 1862, when he was killed by lightning. The mother died in June, 1895. Halvor P. received his education in the public schools of Wanamingo. In 1884 he purchased 130 acres of the homestead, making a great many improvements. In 1890 he built a new HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 900 home, and in 1908 he erected a barn fifty-four by fif ty feet. He now follows general farming and dairying with considerable suc- cess. Mr. Groven was married July 1, 1885, at Holden church, to Sophia Jargo, daughter of Knute and Asborg (Aker) Jargo, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1845, locating at Dane county, Wisconsin, where they engaged in farming, and where the father still lives. The mother died in February, 1908. Mr. and Mrs. Groven have been blessed with nine children : Selma A., who is a trained deaconness ; Clara C., who is attend- ing St. Olof’s College; Laura C., a high school student; Andreas F., Helga S., Gerhard M., Christine C., Harold P., and Kenneth M. The last named died when one year old. Mr. Grover is an independent voter, is now serving as supervisor, and is also director of the school board in District 18. The family attend the Lutheran church of Holden, of which Mr. Groven is treasurer. Lars J. Gjemse, farmer and business man, was born December 8, 1866, on his grandfather’s farm in Wanamingo township, re- ceived his early education in the schools of the neighborhood, afterwards took a course of three months at St. Olof’s College at Northfield, and later four months at Carleton College. Leav- ing college, he secured a position as teacher in Goodhue county, teaching subsequently in seven different districts, being well liked and much respected. In 1897 he engaged in farming on forty acres of land, which he inherited from his grandparents. He purchased twenty acres more in 1908 and rented 200 acres, all of which he has under cultivation. In 1906, he built a house. A year later his barn was destroyed by lightning. He then rebuilt a new barn fifty by thirty-two. He now follows general and mixed farming on a large scale. Mr. Gjemse was married April 18, 1899, to Anna Hilan a Norwegian, born in Nqrway, October 17, 1869, and this union has been blessed with five children: Harald, Clara, Minda, Joseph and Louis. Mr. Gjemse is a Repub- lican in politics, and has served as assessor for five years. He belongs to the United Brotherhood of America, also to the Mod- ern Samaritans. He has served as president of the Goodhue County Farmers’ Telephone Company of Wanamingo for two years, and one year as secretary. He helped to organize the Farmers’ Elevator Company, holding the position of president since its organization. He is a good citizen and highly respected in the community in which he lives. He and his family attend the Lutheran church. Sever K. Haugen was born in Wanamingo township, where he still resides, June 7, 1871. son of Iv. S. Haugen. He received his education in the schools of the neighborhood and worked on the farm with his father until 1899, when he began farming for himself on a farm of 240 acres in Sections 30-31-32 of Wana- HISTORY OP GOODHUE COURT Y 901 mingo township. He improved the land and buildings and now carries on general and diversified farming, in which he has been very successful. Mr. Haugen was married February 21, 1900, to Thea C. Omsberg, daughter of Willard and Katrina (Lindtvedt) Omsberg, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1872 and settled in Wisconsin, where they remained until 1876, when they came to Holden township and remained there one year, after which they removed to Leon township and engaged in farming. Mr. and Mrs. Haugen have four children : Corie B., born Octo- ber 14, 1901 ; Hazel L., born October 15, 1902 ; Verna C., born June 3, 1906 ; and Kesper W., January 24, 1909. Mr. Haugen is a stockholder in the Farmers’ Elevator of Bombay. He is an independent voter and he and his family attend the United Lutheran church. Knute S. Haugen, a prosperous farmer of Wanamingo town- ship, was born at Haugen, in Hedalen Valders, Norway, October 26, 1833, and came to America in 1854, locating in Wisconsin, where he remained for six years. In 1860 he came to Wana- mingo township, where he bought eighty acres of wild land which he broke and cleared, erecting a home and necessary out- buildings. He continued to improve and add more land to his farm until he now has 500 acres, all in Wanamingo township and all under cultivation. On this farm he now successfully car- ries on a general line of mixed farming. Air. Haugen was mar- ried August 26, 1858, at Blue Mont, Wis., to Bertha Nelson Reppe#n, daughter of Nels Jenson Reppen and Bertha Nelson Reppen. Mr. and Airs. Haugen have had ten children : Chris- tine, married to Christian L. Kinstad, of South Dakota; Bertine, married to Ole Thompson, of South Dakota; Oline (deceased); Louise . (deceased) ; Elizabeth (deceased); Alatilda, married to Olaf E. Clauson, of South Dakota; Syver, living in Wanamingo township; Nels, living in Wanamingo township; and Belle and Lewis, living at home. Mr. Haugen is a Republican in politics. He and his family are communicants of the Lutheran church. Nels K. Haugen was born in Wanamingo township, where he still resides, November 21, 1876, son of K. S. Haugen. He re- ceived his education in the common schools and worked with his father on the farm until 1900, when he went to Great Falls, Mont., where he was employed as stationery engineer for three years, after which he returned to the old home and engaged in general farming on 120 acres, which he greatly improved, erect- ing a pleasant home and other necessary buildings. Air. Haugen was married February 17, 1904, to Alma Findberg, daughter of Ole and Eva Findberg. natives of Sweden, where they still reside. Air. and Airs. Haugen have two children : Evangeline, born No- vember 10, 1904, and Clarence, born September 19, 1906. Airs. 1)02 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Haugen died May 27, 1909. Mr. Haugen is a Republican in poli- ties and a member of the United Lutheran church of Holden. A. H. Dicke, of Featherstone, who has done excellent service as county commissioner, was born in Germany September 8, 1851, son of Frederick W. and Anna Dicke, natives of Germany, who came to America in 1852, and located in New Orleans, La., where they remained only a short time. Then they went to St. Louis, Mo., where the father worked for three years, after which they came to Red Wing, remained two years, then removed to Hay Creek township, which was not then organized, and took up a homestead. Here the family lived, and the father went to Red Wing to work, being employed on the courthouse building, which was at that time in the course of construction. In 1858 he left his work in Red Wing and devoted his whole time in clearing and cultivating the farm. There were three children in the family, two dying in infancy. A. H. Dicke received his education in the common schools of the township, and worked with his father on the farm, later purchasing 240 acres of land in Featherstone township, all under cultivation, on which he has made extensive improvements, built a new barn, and remodeled the other buildings, his home being pleasantly situated and well furnished. Fie now successfully conducts general farming opera- tions and also takes much interest in dairying. He was married in 1877 to Catherine Cordes, daughter of Frank and Meta Cordes, natives of Germany, who came to the United States in the early days, to Featherstone township. Mr. and Mrs. Dicke have had ten children, of whom eight are living: Anna, married H. P. Voth, of Featherstone; William lives at home; Louise married Peter II. Voth, of North Dakota; Herman, Fred, Walter, Lydia and Eddie live at home. In politics Mr. Dicke is a Republican, and is now serving his third term of four years as county com- missioner of Goodhue county, having been two times re-elected without opposition. He has also served on the Featherstone town board for eleven years. lie and his family are members of the German Lutheran church, of which Mr. Dicke has been a promi- nent member of the board for the past twenty-five years, having always taken a most active interest in the welfare of the con- gregation. Mr. Dicke is a man of more than average ability and his fellow citizens have thoroughly appreciated his sterling qualities. Henry James, of Featherstone township, was born in Middle- sex, Ontario, April 14, 1847, son of Henry and Margaret (Max- well) James, natives of Sheffield, England, who came to Canada when young. The father, a veteran of the Civil War, devoted his life to farming. Henry, the son, received his education in the schools of Canada, and in 1869 came to the United States, HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY. 903 locating in Belle Creek, where he bought a farm of eighty acres, later purchasing 120 acres in Section 2, Featherstone. This he improved, erected all the necessary buildings, and has since car- ried on general farming, dairying and stock raising. December, 1875, he was married to Aletha Chandler, daughter of Samuel P. and Martha (Miller) Chandler, both natives of Maine, Avho in 1846 came to Illinois, where they remained eight years, after which they removed to Minnesota, coming to Red Wing in 1854. Later they went to Belle Creek township, where they lived on a farm. The father, who was a clergyman of the Episcopal church, was the 'first supervisor of Belle Creek township, and died in 1902. He is mentioned in various places in this history. The mother died when Aletha was small. Mr. and Mrs. James had three children: Fannie P., a teacher; Thomas W., of Red Wing, employed by the Red Wing Union Stoneware Company; and Margaret (deceased). Mr. James is a Democrat in his politics, and he and his family are members of the Episcopal church. Otto H. Bang, a prosperous farmer living on Section 14, Featherstone township, is a native born son, having made his appearance in life’s arena March 12, 1857, only a short time after the first settlement of Featherstone. His parents, Henry and Fredericka (Horstmeyer) Bang, were natives of Germany and came to America at an early age. The father settled first in Illi- nois, worked on farms for a while, then located near St. Paul. In 1856 he came to Featherstone, took up 160 acres on Section 24, and there lived until his death at the age of seventy years, May 29, 1894. His wife survived until August, 1906. Otto H. was one of eleven children, six of whom are still living. He received his education in the district schools and worked on the home farm until 1891, also running a steam threshing machine. He then rented a farm in Goodhue township two years, after which he returned to Featherstone and purchased his present farm of 160 acres, where he carries on general farming and stock raising. For the past two years he has been an assessor of the township. He is a Republican in politics and belongs to the Modern Woodmen. The faith of the Methodist church is the family religion. Mr. Bang was married in 1891 to Minnie S. Kress, who died leaving two children, Maynard, a pupil in the Red Wing high school, and Walter, who died in infancy. Later Mr. Bang married Mary Bluhm, nee Mary Holst, the daughter of Claus and Mary Holst, early settlers of Belvidere township, but now living at Fair Oaks, Cal. The first husband of Mrs. Bangs was John G. Bluhm, a native of Germany, who came to America at the age of seventeen and remained with his parents in Feather- stone township until his marriage. At the time of his death he owned 160 acres of well improved land in this township. He HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 904 died in California, where lie had gone for his health, February 5, 1901. To this union were born, in Featherstone township, three children : Lydia L. is the wife of Charles Kress, of North Da- kota ; George B. Bluhm is a farmer of North Dakota, and Harvey AY. Bluhm lives at home. No children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Bang by their present marriage. It is worthy of note, in connection with this sketch, that Mrs. Bang was the first white child born in Belvidere township, while her father, Claus Holst, is honored as one of the pioneer. Germans of this county. Gustav Larson, of Featherstone township, is a fine example of a self-educated, self-made man. In addition to acquiring his present fine property, he also found time to serve the town as supervisor sixteen years, and as a member of the school board for several terms. He was born in Sweden, November 5, 1849, and came to America as a boy of eleven years with his parents, John and Carrie (Johnson) Larson, in 1860, locating in AYash- ington county, Minnesota, near Stillwater, until 1867, Avhen they took up their residence in A^asa township. Later they came to Featherstone and lived until about eighty years of age, in a home built purposely for them by their son. Gustav attended the public schools, but has received the greater part of his educa- tion from reading and observation. He is a deep thinker and has a retentive memory, so that his mind is a storehouse of gen- eral information obtained by himself. He subscribes to numerous newspapers and magazines, and keeps well abreast of the times by perusing the latest books. AYhen he came to his present farm of 160 acres, in 1872, the land was so wild that it was impossible to get with a team into what is now the front yard. The place is uoav in a high state of cultivation and is well adapted to the general farming operations which Mr. Larson conducts. Among the improvements on the farm is a gasoline engine which is used to supply the motive power needed in pumping water, sawing wood and grinding feed. Mr. Larson was married in 1873, to Martha Anderson, daughter of E. M. and Louise Anderson, born in New York state where they stopped for a short time after coming to this country from Sweden. They settled in Yasa in the early days and carried on farming. The mother is now deceased, but the father still lives on the old homestead at the good old age of seventy-seven years. Mr. and Mrs. Larson have five children : Richard is employed by the Tri-State Telephone Company, at Minneapolis ; Edna is the wife of P. J. Engberg, cashier of the First National Bank, of Braham. Minn. ; Esther is a teacher in a Minneapolis business college; Alice is the wife of Delmar Brynildson, a merchant of Yasa village, and Ernest O. is at home. The family worships at the Swedish Lutheran Evangelical church. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 905 Daniel J. Mix, now residing on section 29, Featherstone town- ship, where he owns and operates 160 acres of farm land, was born in Genesee county, New York, October 22, 1854, a son of Daniel and Sophia (Park) Mix, who moved to Woodson county, Neosho Falls, Kansas, when Daniel J. was but a few weeks old, and there ended their days, the father at the age of eiglity-two and the mother at the age of fifty years. Daniel J. received his education in the public schools, the district where he attended having been organized by his father. It was taught by his 'older sister, she being the first teacher in that district. After leaving school, Daniel J. continued to work on the home farm until 1875, when he came to Red Wing, and for fifteen years was engaged in running a threshing machine. He spent the next four years in operating a portable sawmill in Pierce county, Wisconsin, and then purchased his present farm, where he has made many improvements in the way of buildings and equipment. He does general farming and raises stock to some extent. Mr. Mix is a Republican in politics and has been a justice of the peace for many years. He was married, December 24, 1883, to Clara Anderson, daughter of Nels and Justine Anderson, born in Sweden, the native home of her parents, in 1863. The family came to America in 1867 when Mrs. Mix was a small girl, stayed in Pennsylvania for a short time and then located in Boone county, Iowa, where the mother died. Subsequently the father came to Pierce county, Wisconsin, and farmed for about fifteen years before his death. Mrs. Mix received a common school education in the schools of Iowa and Wisconsin. To Mr. and Mrs. Mix have been born three children, all of whom first saw the light of day in Featherstone township. Frank Jay assists his father at home. George Park goes to the Red Wing schools, and Raymond Lorenzo is a pupil in the district schools. Mr. and Mrs. Mix attend the Methodist Episcopal church in the town of Featherstone. James Brennen, of Welch township, was born in Lowell, Mass., December 4, 1853, son of Thomas and Winnifred (McDermott) Brennen, who came to Minnesota in 1857 and located in Dakota county for a short time, then removed to Washington county, where they remained until 1867, after which they came to Goodhue county and located in Welch township, where they pur- chased 160 acres of land, which the father cleared and improved, built a home, barn and other outbuildings, the lumber for which they hauled from Hastings. They carried on general farming and stock raising, until the death of the father March 13, 1876. The mother died May 25, 1883. There Avere four children in the Brennen home: Timothy of Rice county; Thomas of Welch; Ellen, and James the subject of this sketch. James received his education in the common schools and worked on the farm Avitli 906 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY his father and later purchased the farm, where he has since made improvements and carries on general farming and stock raising. He was married in 1876 to Mary McDermott, daughter of Michael and Ann (Brennen) McDermott, the father being one of the oldest settlers in the state. He came in 1849 and settled in Dakota county where he farmed until his death. Mr. and Mrs. Brennen were blessed with nine children : Mary, Anna, Teressa, Ellen, Jane, Loretta, Seraphine, Thomas and Florence. Mr. Brennen is Democratic in his political views and has been a member of the town board for the past ten years, also clerk, treasurer and director of school district No. 114 for two terms. John M. Olson was born in Welch township, where he still resides, November 22, 1881, son of Andrew and Hannah Olson, natives of Sweden who came to the United States in the early days, and settled in Vasa township, where they purchased land and remained until the late seventies, when they bought 160 acres in section 29 and engaged in farming until the death of the father in 1899. The mother still lives at home. After the death of the father, the sons took charge of the farm and have carried on general farming, and also selling considerable cream to the Welch creamery in which they are stock holders. J. M. and his brother made all the improvements on the farm and. buildings. There were six children in the Olson home : Charles, now of South Dakota; Oscar of Cannon Falls; Anton; Victor, a civil engineer ; Luther of Kansas City, employed by the Armour •packing plant as assistant meat inspector; and J. M., the subject of this sketch. Charles Black, was born in Welch township, where he still resides, July 21, 1869, son of Archibald and Elizabeth (Mul- liolland) Black, natives of Ireland. They lived in Scotland until they came to this country, in 1868, when they located in Welch township and bought land which they improved and carried on general farming until the death of the father in 1889. The mother died in 1906. They had a family of nine children : Archibald, Charles, Mary, James, Elizabeth, AVilliam, Richard, Annie and Sarah. Charles received his education in the public schools of the township, and since 1900 lias farmed on the home place of 160 acres with his brothers and sisters. He also buys and ships all kinds of live stock. He was married in 1907, to Hattie May Gipford, daughter of Julius and Hattie Teichman Gipford, of Red Wing. Tliey have one son, Donald Mulholland. Mr. Black is a Republican in politics and has held the office of supervisor of Welch township for the past five years. Frank Boothroyd was born on the farm where he now resides in Welch township, on October 8, 1866, son of William and Mary (Bevers) Boothroyd, natives of England, who came to the United HISTORY OR GOODHUE COUNTY 907 States in 1852. Frank was educated in the common schools and worked with his father on the farm. June 27, 1894, he was married to Emma Tillman, daughter of Erick and Nellie (Person) Tillman, natives of Sweden. Mr. Tillman came to this country in 1865 and settled in Afton, Minn., where he remained six years, after which he came to Welch township, bought a farm, and engaged in farming. The mother died March 23, 1906, and the father August 29, 1908. Mr. and Mrs. Boothroyd have one child, Myrtle, who attends the high school at Red Wing. Mr. Boothroyd has a fine farm of 270 acres, all under cultivation, and carries on general and diversified farming, and dairying, also .stock raising. He has been justice of the peace eight years and is at present town clerk, which office he has held for eleven years. He belongs to the M. W. A. of Welch, of which he has been clerk for nine years. He is also director and secretary of the Welch Co-Operative Creamery Company, and director and treasurer of Goodhue County Co-Operative Mercantile Company. In politics he is Republican. John Berg, of Welch township, was born in Sweden, July 16, 1846, son of Nets and Marie Berg, also natives of Sweden. John Berg received his education in the schools of Sweden, and in 1868 came to this country, and located in Red Wing, remaining for two years. Then he went to Minneapolis, where he worked at brick making for a while, and later went into the business of brick making for himself. In March, 1885, he came to Welch township, and bought a farm of 120 acres of improved land. This he continued to improve and has remodeled the house and outbuildings. He now has a fine farm, with a large grove of soft maple, birch and butternut trees. He has made a success of general farming and has taken a great interest in bees, owning thirty-two hives. Mr. Berg was married January 21, 1875, to Clara Anderson, who is now deceased. They had a family of eight children: Emil C., Alecla E., Oscar T., Edward J., William E., Edgar E., Albin N. and Fred L. Mr. Berg is at present town treasurer, which office he has held for the past twenty years, and is also treasurer of the school district No. 5. In his politics he is a Republican. Peter Jefferson, a business man of Welch, Avas born in Sweden October 9, 1849, son of Jefferson and Annie (Anderson) Larson, natives of Sweden where the father died. Peter received his education in SAveden, and came to America in 1873 locating in Red Wing where he Avorked at various labor until 1877, AAdien he purchased a team and wagon, Avent to YelloAv Medicine county, and bought 160 acres of land two miles south of Granite Falls, the county seat. This land he improved, carrying on general farming for fourteen years. His Avife, hoAvever, was in poor 908 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY health and thinking a change of climate would be beneficial, he sold his farm and went to Sweden also taking his daughter with him. He left his family there, returned to this country, came to Goodhue county and in 1893 engaged in business in Welch village, where he has since successfully continued, enjoying a good trade and holding the confidence of the community. In 1881 he was married to Carrie Nelson by whom he has one child, Nina J. Wife and daughter live in Sweden. Mr. Jefferson is an independent voter, and was supervisor in Yellow Medicine county for nine years. Fie also established a school on his farm, thereby showing his public spirit and his interest in education. M. T. Nilan, merchant of Eggleston, was born in Pittsburg,. Pa., July 18, 1859, son of Patrick and Sarah (Maloy) Nilan, natives of Ireland who came to America in 1851 and located in Virginia where they lived until 1855. Then they moved to Pitts- burg, Pa., remaining there until June, 1868, when they came to Minnesota and engaged in farming in AVeleh township, until their death. They had twelve children, nine of whom are living. M. T. Nilan received his education in the public schools and later attended -a business college at Minneapolis. After leaving school he worked on the farm seven years. He then took charge of the elevator at Eggleston, also conducting a small store. This he continued until 1902 when he was obliged on account of his great increase of trade to build a larger store. He has since conducted a general store, and carries hardware. Mr. Nilan has been twice married. His first wife was Jane O’Connell, daughter of Patrick and Catherine O’Connell, by whom he had two children: Annie married to Mat. P. Gulden, and Catherine (deceased). The mother died January 9. 1888, and ^ay 1, 1893, Mr. Nilan was married to Catherine Glynn, a native of Kansas, daughter of Martin and Catherine (Connell) Glynn, natives of Ireland. Mr. Glynn was a contractor and mason and died in Kansas where Mrs. Glynn is still living. Air. and Airs. Nilan have eight children: Sarah, born April 9, 1894; Edward, born October 22, 1895 ; Catherine, born August 23, 1897 ; Ellen, born Alay 3, 1899 ; Alary L., born February 2, 1901; Dorothy, born April 16, 1902; Michael, born November 2, 1903, and Martin G., born August 23, 1905. Mr. Nilan is Democrat in politics. He rvas the station agent at Eggleston for twenty-five years, and has been postmaster since 1882. In addition to his business interests he owns land in AVeleh township consisting of 726 acres, most of which is timber. He is a member of the K. of C. and he and his family are communicants of the Catholic church. August Westerson, a rvell known resident of AVeleh village, was born in Sweden October 1, 1854, son of Lars and Betsy (Nelson) Westerson, natives of Sweden, who came to America HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 909 in 1855 and settled in Moline, 111., where they remained a short time, after which they came to Minnesota and bought land in Vasa township, and engaged in farming until in 1895 when they retired and spent the remainder of their lives with their children. The father died in 1898 and the mother in 1902. A. Westerson was educated in the common schools of the county, after which he worked on the railroad. In 1873 he learned the milling trade, which he followed until 1903. He spent two and a half years in the Diamond Milling Company at Ked Wing, then went to Hastings where he rented and operated the mill there until 1892 when he went back to Welch, operated the Welch Holler Mill until 1903, and then took charge of the elevator there. He was also agent for the Great Western railroad until June, 1909. Mr. Westerson was married in 1876 to Kate Larkin, who died in January, 1880. In 1882 he was married to Margaret Wynn, daughter of Pat and Catherine Wynn, old settlors of Belle Creek township, where they were farmers. To this union was born one child, Marie, who lives at home. The mother died in 1908. Mr. Westerson lias one sister and two brothers living. The sister, Esther, married J. R. Tampain, of Cannon Falls ; Charles lives at Abercrombie, N. D., and Frank is in Montana. Mr. Westerson is independent in politics and while in Hastings served as com- missioner and alderman. He belongs to the M. AY. A. of Cannon Falls. Charles A. Nylen, blacksmith and implement dealer, was born in Sweden January 23, 1874, son of Andrew and Anna (Mattson) Nylen, natives of Sweden, who came to the United States in 1890 and located in Yasa township, Minnesota, where the father worked two years, then rented a farm and engaged in farming for three years, after which he went to Burnside township and rented a farm, where he remained another three years. He then returned to Vasa township and purchased 240 acres of land, of which 100 is under cultivation. Here they remained for ten years, and in February, 1909, he moved to Welch village and started a blacksmith shop and implement house. He now rents his farm and has sold all his farming machinery and stock. He has always lived with and cared for his parents. He has one brother living at Argyle, Minn. He also had one sister, Mary, who died in 1907. Mr. Nylen is a stockholder in the creamery. He is an independent voter, and belongs to the Swedish Lutheran church. Charles Danielson, a prosperous merchant, of Cannon Falls village, was born in Ottumwa, Iowa, January 1, 1867, and was brought to Cannon Falls as a small boy, receiving his education in the graded and high schools of the village. After leaving school he clerked with his father, becoming a partner in 1889, the firm name being changed to J. Danielson & Son. This general 910 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY store was continued until 1906, when Mr. Danielson changed his line of business and became a furniture dealer. Aside from a full line of fine furniture, the store carries musical instruments. An undertaking establishment, which is one of the departments of the store, is conducted conscientiously, Mr. Danielson being a licensed embalmer. A branch store at Zumbrota, ownecl by Mr. Danielson, is managed by John A. Boraas. The subject of this sketch is a Democrat in politics, and belongs to the Modern Woodmen, the United Workmen, the Modern Samaritans. He is president of the Minnesota Retail Furniture Dealers’ Associa- tion and chairman of the co-operative buying committee. He was married June 9, 1891, to Eva J. Westman, of Cannon Falls, by whom he has one child, Laverne N., born April 22, 1895. Mr. Danielson is a sagacious business man, thoroughly upright and honorable, having in his nature a vein of kindly considera- tion for others which makes him a great favorite in the village. John and Christine L. (Magnuson) Danielson, natives of Sweden, and parents of Charles Danielson, came to America in 1865, lived in Illinois one year and in Ottumwa, Iowa, five years, coming to Cannon Falls in 1871. Here the father entered into partnership with G. Westman in the general mareantile business. In 1889 the interest of Mr. Westman was sold to Charles Danielson, and the company became John Danielson & Son, until the father’s death, April 8, 1903. The mother died April 16, 1907. H. E.‘ Conley, M. D., of Cannon Falls, is one of those men who fulfill the highest ideals of one of the highest of callings. While choosing to ‘attend quietly to his duties rather than to act in public office, the call to service has nevertheless reached him in so importune a manner as to make it almost impossible for him to decline the positions of trust and responsibility that have been thrust upon him. He is a trustee of the Cemetery Association, health officer of the village, and ex-president of the village coun- cil, having previously served four terms as an alderman and eleven years on the school board. He is president of the Good- hue County Medical Association and a member of both the state and national bodies also. Fraternally he associates with the Masons, in which he has taken a number of high degrees, the Modern Woodmen, the United Workmen, the Royal Neighbors, the Independent Foresters and the Modern Samaritans. Taking an interest in the industrial growth of the village he has become a trustee in the Cannon Falls Canning Company, and also has other financial holdings. Dr. Conley was born in Palo, Iowa, July 11, 1855, and received his education in the common schools, in the academy at Kossuth, Iowa, and in the Iowa State Uni- versity at Iowa City, Iowa, graduating in 1884. At once after leaving college he took up the practice of medicine in his native \ M. D. Fox HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 911 town for a few months, and then practiced with Dr. E. C. Case in Waterville, Me., eight months. In November, 1885, he came to Cannon Falls and opened an office, at once becoming identified .with the progress of village events. His office is well equipped and his practice is large in both village and township. Dr. Conley was married August 28, 1884, at the beginning of his professional career, to Sarah L. Dibble, daughter of Alonzo and Louise (Aiders) Dibble, early settlers and substantial farmers of Cannon Falls, the father dying July 11, 1891, and the mother March 25, 1869. The Conley home has been blessed with the arrival of five children: Mira V., born September 16, 1885, died April 10, 1892; Emma L., born September 15, 1890, died April 8, 1892; Alonzo D.. born May 24, 1892; Ora K.. born February 19, 1894, and Lewis E., born February 16, 1900, all live at home. Lewis and Betsy (Hutchins) Conley, parents of II. E., were born in the nortlrwestern part of New York state, and in the early fifties started west, living for a time in Sugar Grove, Cane county, Illinois, and then locating in Linn county, Iowa. From 1855 to 1871 they lived on a homestead in Mitchell county, Iowa, and then went to Kossuth, Iowa, where the father operated a saw mill, getting out lumber for the railroad. They came to Cannon Falls in , and here ended their days. The father was born in Leroy, Jefferson county, New York, November 20, 1822, and died January 5, 1900. The mother Avas born in the same locality, June 3, 1827, and died August 23, 1900. M. D. Fox, of Cannon Falls village, is one of those thrifty Vermonters Avho have brought to this state the perseverance and ability of NeAv England ancestry, combined with the progressHe and expansive spirit of the AYest. He is a supervisor of the township of Stanton, in which he oavus 640 acres of fine land, president of the Stanton cheese factory, president of the Stanton Elevator Company, and president of the school board. He is not only one of the prominent men of the township, but also of the county, and his name is honored far and wide, standing as it does for honest dealing, integrity, ability and uprightness. M. D. Fox was born in Wilmington, Vt., August 8, 1843, son of I. L. and Unus (Church) Fox, Avho, after spending their early days in Vermont, came to Goodhue county in 1866 and located in Warsaw toAvnship, remaining eight years. They then spent four years in Northfield, and subsequently came to Stanton toAvn- ship. where the father died in 1903. The mother lived to the good old age of eighty-seven, and died August 7, 1909. Of the family of seven children, but two are living, M. D. and E. K. The subject of this sketch received his early education in A r er- mont, and at the outbreak of the Civil War enlisted in Company E, 11th Vermont Volunteer Infantry, in August, 1862. He .was 912 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY with the Army of the Potomac during its entire campaign, with the exception of five weary months which he spent in Anderson- ville prison. He was discharged in July, 1865, and took part in the grand review in Washington. In 1866 he came west with his parents, and after spending a number of years in this county, went to Fergus Falls, , where he spent three years. Since that time he has continued to reside in Stanton. He rents 220 acres of his land, but upon the remainder carries on general farming and dairying, selling milk to the cheese factory of which he is president. Mr. Fox was married in 1884 to Carrie Rydlund, daughter of John and Christine Rydlund, the latter of whom is spending her declining years at the Fox home. To Mr. and Mrs. Fox have been born nine children: Oscar L., Lillian R„ Henry L., John W., Esther S., George E., Eva F., Moses D. and Arthur T. Peter A. Peterson, the able and distinguished postmaster at Cannon Falls, was born in Sweden January 24, 1855, and came to America with his parents in 1869, completing his education in the schools of Cannon Falls. After school he clerked in a drug store until 1880, when he purchased the business of Sand- berg Brothers and became sole proprietor, the store being con- ducted on the corner of Main and Fourth streets, where the postoffice is now located. In 1889 he moved his business to a fine brick block on Fourth street, which he had just completed. In October, 1889, he received from President Harrison the ap- pointment of postmaster, in which position he has since continued, giving great satisfaction. During his long term of office the service has increased in efficiency and his efforts have met with much favor. The income of the office in 1889 was $1,500, and in the year 1908 had increased to over $5,500. In March, 1904, Mr. Peterson sold a half interest in his drug business to George V. Williams, and four years later disposed of the remaining half interest to the same gentleman, thus enabling him to give his entire time to his duties as postmaster. He still, however, owns the block, and also a fine residence. Mr. Peterson also owns I, 200 acres of wild land in northwestern Minnesota; owns a store and two residences in Two Harbors, Minn., and has stock in a packing plant at Fergus Falls, as well as in the Cannon Falls Canning Company and the Farmers’ Elevator, of Cannon Falls. He has served on the village council and on the school board, has been treasurer of the Scandinavian Benevolent Society twenty years and secretary of the society for many years. His allegiance has always been with the Republican party. June 24, 1880, Mr. Peterson was married to Mary L. Swanson, who died in April, 1895, leaving one child, Edna, who lives at home. A son, Elric J. , died in infancy. He was again married, October 4, 1900, to F. B. Seager HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 913 Hilma C. Holxner, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. II. J. Ilolmer, the latter of whom died in June, 1909, the father still making his home in Cannon Falls, now with Mr. Peterson. Two children, Holmer Loranzo and Helen Elaine, have blessed this happy union. The family faith is that of the Swedish Lutheran church, of which Mr. Peterson has served as secretary and treasurer for many terms. Foster B. Seager, the popular mayor of Cannon Falls village, was first elected in 1880 and has since that time served fourteen different terms. He was born in Cattaraugus county, New York, July 13, 1847, son of "William N. and Sophia (Eldridge) Seager. After receiving his education in the common schools of his native county he lived temporarily in Illinois, Kansas, Missouri and Nebraska, locating in Cannon Falls July 22, 1869. He then farmed six years, and subsequently for a similar period engaged in the meat business, after which he took up his present business of raising fruit and vegetables and conducting a nursery. This business has constantly grown, and his place is now one of the finest of its kind in the county, his goods having a fine reputation throughout the state. He has a partner, William Tanner, and in addition to their nursery interests, these gentlemen annually buy from 1,000 to 3,000 sheep, which they fatten on their farms for the spring trade. Mr. Seager is also interested in the Cannon River Electric Power Company. He is a Democrat in politics, has served on the school board several terms, belongs to the Masons and attends the Episcopal church. He was married Jan- uary 9, 1879, to Susie Cross, of Cannon Falls, daughter of George IT. and Olive (Noble) Cross, the former of whom died in 1905 and the latter in 1906. To Mr. and Mrs. Seager have been born two children : Clarence in October, 1884, and Marion in April, 1893. Mr. Seager ’s service as mayor has been marked by prog- ress and integrity, and the people of Cannon Falls have regretted the fact that he has not consented to serve continuously since his first election. C. O. Bye, for over thirty years a well known business man of Cannon Falls, was born in Norway August 24, 1850, and there received his education, also attending the American schools a few weeks after coming to this country, September 3, 1872. From late in that year until 1877 he engaged in the tannery business in Northfield, Minn., and then came to this village, where he opened the Cannon Falls Tannery, which he has since successfully con- ducted. In 1894 he combined the tannery with a fur, wool, tallow, hides and pelt department, and commenced the manufac- ture of fur coats and robes, also doing remodeling and repairing. He now continues all these lines, having a large business, both wholesale and retail. A Republican in politics, Mr. Bye has 914 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY served on the board of health and has been interested in a number of public movements. He Avas married July 25, 1877, to Ellen Johnson, a native of Norway, who came to America in 1872. Mrs. Bye died in the Rochester Hospital, August 20, 1900, leaving five children, one being dead. The children are : Carl, acci- dentally killed in St. Paul in 1906; Oscar, now of North Dakota; Clara, who keeps house for her father; Arthur, who works in the tannery ; Gurina, who died in 1885, and Lena, who assists in her father’s office. The family worships at the Swedish Lu- theran church. Ole and Gunne Bye, parents of C. 0. Bye, spent all their life in Norway. The father, who for thirty-one years was a sergeant in the NorAvegian army, died in 1895, and the mother passed away in 1890. Louis F. Blinco, superintendent and part owner of the elec- tric plant of the village of Cannon Falls, has shown his faith in the future growth of industrial activity here by investing his money in a plant which has a capacity far beyond the present demands, and his faith bids fair to be justified. He was born in Canada June 11, 1876, and as a small boy was taken to Nebraska, Avhere he received his early education. After leav- ing school he took up the work of steel bridge construction in Sioux City, Iowa, with tfie Phoenix Bridge Company, being later promoted to engineer. From 1901 to 1906 he thoroughly mas- tered electrical and constructing engineering, and September 23 of the latter year located in Zumbrota and managed the city electric light plant there. In 1908 he came to Cannon Falls, in- stalled a new electric plant and fixtures and has since enjoyed a prosperous business, which in coming years will be still larger. Mr. Blinco is a genial companion and is well liked in the Masonic and Modern Woodmen orders, with which he has associated him- self. He Avas married December 16, 1902, to Hattie E. TAviss, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. E. L. Twiss, prominent residents of Meadow Grove, Neb. Three children have blessed this union: Eva, born October 16, 1903; Hattie, born October 2, 1906, and Lois, born June 14, 1907. The family faith is that of the Meth- odist Episcopal church. The electric plant is owned by a com- pany officially known as the Cannon Falls Electric Service. Com- pany, of which the proprietors are E. L. Twiss and Y. E. Twiss, of Meadow Grove, Neb., and L. F. Blinco, of Cannon Falls, Minn. The officers are : President, E. L. Twiss ; superintendent, .L. F. Blinco ; cashier, Hattie E. Blinco. » Martin Chellson, present supervisor of Cannon Falls township, Avas born in Sweden October 20, 1864, son of Nels and Anna Chell- son, who came to the United States June 29, 1865, stopping first in Red Wing and then coming to Cannon Falls, Avhere they pur- chased land in section 14, and there spent the remainder of their HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 915 days, the father dying in 1874 and the mother in 1893. Of the seven children in the family, five are still alive. Martin received his education in the common schools and has since carried on farming operations in this township. He owns 120 acres of land in section 15, 100 being plowed land and twenty woodland. Here he carries on mixed farming with much success. He is a con- scientious, hard-working man, highly regarded for his good qual- ities. Aside from his position on the town board, he has served nine years as a member of the school board. Mr. Cliellson was married in 1888 to Christine Pearson, daughter of Peter Pearson, who settled in Yasa in 1869. The home of the Chellsons has been brightened by the presence of four children, Fred, Florence, Eva and Pearl, all of whom are still under the home roof. Henry A. Van Campen, of Cannon Falls, was born at Ran- dolph, N. Y., July 24, 1849. His parents were Benjamin and Adelia Z. Van Campen. The father was born in New York state December 31. 1820, and the mother was born March 20, 1824. In 1857 they moved to Minnesota, locating at Cannon Falls on May 7 of that year. Here they lived until their death. The father died February 23, 1888, and the mother October 7, 1902. The subject of this sketch received his education in the Cannon Falls schools and the Shattuck School, of Faribault, Minn. His first business engagement was clerking in a general store at Cannon Falls. He later became the owner of the store and engaged in that business until the spring of 1887, when he moved on his farm. The fall of the following year, 1888, he removed to Cannon Falls and engaged in the boot and shoe business, which he con- tinued about four years, then he engaged in his present business, dealer in agricultural implements, buggies, harness, etc. Mr. Van Campen was married at Milton, Wis., October 4, 1877, to Anna. S. Greenma.n, and they have five children, Benjamin H., Harry A., George B., Merl M. and Viola G. John H. Carlson, the well known hardware merchant, of Can- non Falls, was born in Sweden August 22, 1866, and came to America as a baby with his mother in 1869. From 1869 to 1872 they lived in Chicago, and then located in Cannon Falls, where John II. received his common school education. His first situa- tion was with the Cannon Falls branch of the Charles Betcher Lumber Company, and after twenty years in that employ he did similar work two years for the Ballord-Trimble Lumber Company, purchasers and successors of the Betcher retail interests. In 1907 he engaged in the hardware business. The store is well equipped and appointed and aims to carry in stock everything in the hardware line that is needed in the households and on the farms of the people of this vicinity. Mr. Carlson is a stanch Republican and has served the village as recorder. November 916 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 29, 1893, he was married to Delia M. Peterson, of Yasa, daughter of Johannes Peterson, a prominent farmer, who, with his wife, is now deceased. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Carlson is bright- ened by two children, Gladys E. and Irena A. Mildred, the youngest, is dead. The family is connected with the Swedish Lutheran church. Peter ChelgTen was born in Sweden January 7, 1846. After spending his boyhood in the old country he came to America in 1868 and took up his residence in Featherstone township, this county, where he worked a short time, and then went to Hastings, this state, where he resided five years. Here, in 1871, he was married to Christine F. Ericson. It was in 1874 that he moved to his farm, previously purchased by him at Cannon Falls, and where he still lives. On this farm of 120 acres he conducts general farming along the latest approved lines. He has made many improvements, including setting out an orchard, which has proved a profitable venture. Pasture and timber land take up about twenty acres, and the remainder is in a high state of culti- vation. Mr. Chelgren has not been unmindful of the advantages of intelligent co-operation, for lie is one of the farmers who have been interested in the creamery, which has for its object the handling of milk with greater economy of time and effort than the farmers could accomplish my making butter themselves. Of this creamery Mr. Chelgren is secretary. He is also a member and stockholder of the Cannon Falls Farmers’ Elevator Com- pany, and a member and director of the Spring Garden-Leon Insurance Company, which works in the interest of the farmers. Mr. Chelgren has also served with credit as clerk in school dis- trict No. 14 for over twenty-five years, surely a record of which any man might well be proud. In addition to this, lie has served as supervisor of Cannon Falls township. Mr. Chelgren has three children: Mary, living at home; Emma, a teacher in the Red- wood Falls city schools, and Victor, a druggist in Dickinson, N. D. Dr. Owen E. Doely, dentist, of Cannon Falls, has been here but a short time, but has already demonstrated his ability and worth, both in his profession and as a citizen. He has a well appointed office, is thoroughly versed in the latest developments in the line of dental surgery, and enjoys a large patronage, being a favorite both in the city and in the surrounding country. Born in Canton, Minn., he received his education in the graded schools of Spring Grove and in the Spring Grove high school, later attending the University of Iowa, at Iowa City, and the University of Minnesota, at Minneapolis, graduating from the dental department of the latter in 1907 with honors. At once upon graduation he came to Cannon Falls, where he has since successfully practiced his profession. He belongs to the Masons, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 917 the Modern Samaritans and the Scandinavian Benevolent Asso- ciation, and also associates with the Minnesota State Dental Asso- ciation. Dr. Doely is a stanch Republican, and attends the Nor- wegian Lutheran church. T. I. and Gert.in (Foss) Doely, parents of the subject of this sketch, became prominent residents of Spring Grove, Houston county, Minnesota, where the father was store keeper and postmaster. He died July 1, 1907, leaving a widow and four children, Ina, Owen E., Carlton and Genevieve. Dan Danielson, of Cannon Falls, is said by his friends to be the champion cheese maker of the state, and this claim is sub-- stantiated by the fact that in the June contest of 1908, conducted under the auspices of the state dairy and food department, the cheese made by him won first prize, being awarded a percentage of 98 on a scale of a possible 100. The winning of this prize was a greater honor in that the other contestants submitted a much better grade of cheese than in previous years, thus neces- sitating a high degree of excellence on the part of whoever should carry off first honors. His diploma is beautifully engraved and bears the signature of no less a personage than the gov- ernor of Minnesota himself. Mr. Danielson was born in Leon township January 19, 1867, was raised on a farm and attended the public schools. In early manhood, having a natural aptitude for mechanics, he became a stationary engineer, an occupation lie followed twenty-four years, later learning the cheese making business. Since 1907 he has filled his present position with the Cannon Falls Co-operative Creamery Company. The officers of this company are: President, George T. Valentine; vice-presi- dent, O. L. Benson ; secretary, Peter Chelgren ; treasurer, Clif W. Gress ; manager, O. L. Benbenson ; cheese maker, Dan Daniel- son. Mr. Danielson votes the Democratic ticket, belongs to the Odd Fellows, the Masons, the Star of Bethlehem and the Re- bekahs, and is an excellent citizen in every respect. He was married March 20. 1892, to Agnes E. Gustafson, a native of Leon township. The Danielson home is brightened by the presence of one son, Harold, born February 17, 1904. The family faith is that of the English Lutheran church. Carl and Karie (John- son) Danielson, parents of Dan Danielson, were early pioneers, settling in Nicolet county in 1857 and in Leon township in 1859. They suffered greatly during the Indian outbreak and lost $800 by being compelled to leave their residence at Swan Lake, which was in the heart of the danger district. The father is still living and the mother died November 12, 1885. Peter S. Aslakson, a prominent member of the Bar Association of Goodhue county, is a man who has taken a deep interest in the affairs of Cannon Falls since he first came here to live, in 1886. He has been city attorney and city recorder and is now 918 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY serving as secretary of the board of education, a position he has occupied with credit since 1891. As captain of the hook and ladder company of the Cannon Falls fire department he has done much toward improving and maintaining the facilities for fire protection in this village. Born in Norway June 3, 1852, Attorney Aslakson received his education in the district schools of Minneola, to which town he was brought at the age of six years. He studied in Carlton College, at Northfield; in Miller’s Normal School, Iveokuk, Iowa, and took a full course in Prof. C. IP. Pierce’s Penmanship Institute; also Baylie’s Business Col- lege, at Keokuk, Iowa, and finally in the Iowa State University, Iowa City, Iowa, graduating from the law department of the latter institution in 1878. Like many other young lawyers, he secured his start in life by teaching school, and for one year was professor of penmanship. Then, desiring to obtain a practical business training, he kept books for Fred George, of Zumbrota, one year. Since June 1, 1886, he has practiced law in Cannon Falls with marked success, being an able consulting attorney as well as a convincing pleader. In addition to the Bar Associa- tion, he has joined both the Modern Woodmen and the United Workmen. Since casting his first vote he has remained a con- sistent and loyal Republican and served as chairman of the Re- publican committee of the third congressional district from 1896 to 1902. Attorney Aslakson was married May 7, 1879, to Mary Christina Ullevig, of Ilacler, Minn., by whom he has seven chil- dren: Laura M., wife of E. IP. Lidstrand, a printer at Faribault; Selma A., who married E. S. Olson and died July 29, 1905; Anna M., who. lives at home; John S., a graduate of St. Olaf’s College and now located in Duluth; Pearl M., Mabel IP. and Cora A., the latter three of whom are at home and in school. Sven Aslakson and his wife, Lizzie Peterson, parents of Peter S. Aslakson, were land owners in Yinje, Thelemarken, Norway, their place being known as the Odegaard Farm. They came to America in 1858, purchased 160 acres from an Indian squaw in Minneola township and here ended their days, the father November 11, 1894, and the mother February 1, 1908, both being fine old people in every respect. Foster D. Barlow, a pioneer merchant of Cannon Falls, now deceased, was born in Oneida county, New York, July 16, 1821, and after attending the district school took a course in the academy at Western, N. Y. His business career started with a clerkship in his father’s store in Canewango, N. Y., where he remained until coming to Cannon Falls in 1857. From that year until 1876 he engaged in the mercantile business, also man- aging his large farm of 400 acres. In the middle seventies ill health forced his practical retirement, although he kept in touch HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 919 with the progress of modern events up to the time of his death, February 1, 1905. Mr. Barlow took an active part in the early progress of the village, was one of the first presidents of the village council and served several years as postmaster. A good citizen, a wise father, a loving husband and a faithful friend, he combined a rigid adherence to high ideals in himself with a gentle tolerance of shortcomings in others, being of the true type of pioneer gentleman. He Avas an old-time Democrat, a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and of the Masons, and a communicant of the Episcopal church. The family name is perpetuated by a widow and by tAvo sons, Frank A., of Cannon Falls, and Fred S., of Grand Rapids, Mich. Mr. BarloAV Avas married June 12, 1878, to Minnie M. Reynolds, daughter of John and Millie (Searle) Reynolds, both natives of New York state, the former of Avhom died February 6, 1865, and the latter in August, 1882. Mrs. BarloAV, before her marriage, was principal of the Cannon Falls high, school five years, and AAdiile serving in this capacity was wooed and won by Mr. Barlow, aaJio at that time Avas presi- dentof the school board. She is a graduate of Alfred University, in NeAv York, and is a woman of many accomplishments, one Avhose character and work have had an important part in the educational side of Cannon Falls life. Paul W. Rothe, of Cannon Falls village, is a fine type of the educated, Avell informed gentleman Avho are giving the impetus to modern business and commercial life. He was born in Ger- many July 23, 1869, received his education in the common schools and then graduated from a high school at the age of sixteen years, subsequently going to Switzerland and studying scientific milling, a trade which had been folloAved by his father and grandfather before him. Upon landing in America in 1892, he worked on a farm three months and Avas then employed six years in the old Goodhue mill in this Aullage. Subsequently he worked in mills in Minneapolis, Hastings and Pine Island, return- ing to Cannon Falls in 1902 and leasing the Thompson & Smith mill. Here he has since remained, building up a large business and attaining a reputation for milling a superior product. The mill turns out rye and Avheat flour, as Avell as corn meal, making a specialty of fancy patent Salle flour and the Gem Bismarck Breakfast Food, both of which have already attracted faAmrable attention by their excellence. The merit of the output of this mill is shoAAm by the fact that Mr. Rothe has contracts Avith the state for furnishing his flours to the state institutions at Still- Avater, Hastings, Red Wing, Fergus Falls, Anoka, St. Cloud, Fari- bault and Rochester. Aside from owning the mill, Mr. Rothe is interested in the Cannon Falls Canning Company and also in the Horse Breeders’ Association. He is a Republican in politics, 920 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY belongs to the Congregational church and is a member of the Elks, the Union Commercial Travelers, the Odd Fellows, the United Workmen, the Modern Woodmen, the Modern Samaritans and other fraternal organizations. April 23, 1893, he was married to Salle Zimmerman, by whom he has four children, Paul E., Otto E., Francis and Edward R. The mother of these children died June 16, 1903, and Mr. Rothe was married, April 16, 1905, to Tillie Schlueter, of St. Paul. Ernest and Johannali (Plahn) Rothe, parents of Paul W. Rothe, were natives of Germany, The father, a miller, is still living, and the mother died March 12, 1903. William Williamson, a retired farmer of Cannon Falls village, was born in Steuben county, New York, May 2, 1833, and there received his education. His first venture for himself was in doing farm work for one year near Lake Ontario, after which he returned home and soon afterward moved to Ohio, where he farmed a short time near Cleveland. Subsequently he worked as engineer in a saw mill in Illinois, then returned to, Cleveland, and in October, 1855, came to Stanton township and took up a quarter-section of wild land, which he broke and improved. Later he purchased more' land, until he owned a fine farm of 244 acres, upon which he carried on general farming until 1900, when he rented the farm, purchased a home in Cannon Falls village and retired, seeking that rest from arduous toil which he so richly deserves after a life of hard work. In February, 1864, Mr. Williamson enlisted in the Union army and served in Company Id, 1st Minnesota Heavy Artillery, under Colonel Col- vill, being discharged at Nashville, Tenn. He served several terms as supervisor of his township and for a considerable length of time was on the school board. Mr. Williamson was married in October, 1862, to Sarah McKinley, of Warsaw, daughter of George McKinley, a native of Scotland. To this union were born four children : George M., after working twelve years in the pension bureau at Washington, is now a hotel pro- prietor in Bowling Green, Ivy. Frederick was drowned at the age of two years. Emma is principal of the high school at Cannon Falls. Anna lives at home and keeps house for the family. The family faith is that of the Methodist church. Mr. Williamson votes the Republican ticket and belongs to the Ma- sonic order. Abraham and Sarah (Smith) Williamson, parents of William Williamson, were natives of New Jersey, but went to. New York state in the early twenties aud there spent the remainder of their lives, the father being a stone mason and farmer. Gustav Westman, now deceased, was a leader in the affairs of Cannon Falls township and village and also in matters per- taining to the Swedish Lutheran church, of which he was a Gustav Westman HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 921 prominent member. A^ mayor his services were highly esteemed and as a justice of the peace his decisions were always wise and conservative. Born in Sweden January 20, 1828, he attended the common schools, and like the other young men of his country, entered the standing army. From 1853 to 1856 he lived in Lafayette, Ind., and in the latter year came to Cannon Falls, where he opened a mercantile establishment, continuing until his death, February 5, 1887. He was married June 9, 1878,* to Mrs. Josephine (Hawkins) Norelius, daughter of Nels and Eva (Kolstrom) Hawkins, who, after leaving their native country of Sweden, lived in Indiana from 1853 to 1856, and then came to Cannon Falls, engaging in farming for the remainder of their lives. The father died April 10, 1889, and the mother May 10, 1889. Mrs. W estman was born in Sweden February 23, 1816, and received an excellent, education, being a most estimable woman in every respect. There is one daughter in the family, Eva West- man, who lives at home. J. E. Johnson, one of the leading farmers of Cannon Falls township, was born in Sweden April 10, 1867, son of Ole and Christina (Kronberg) Johnson, natives of Sweden, who came to America in 1869 and located in the town of Belle Creek, this county, where the father worked for five years, after which they came to Cannon Falls township and purchased 160 acres in section 3$, where the father improved the land and built a home, carrying on general farming until his death, in 1907. The mother died in 1903. J. E. was the only child, received his edu- cation in the public schools of the township and worked with his father on the farm. In June, 1891, he was married to Ida Larson, daughter of Johannes and Carolina Larson, natives of Sweden, who came to America and settled in Cannon Falls town- ship, where they engaged in farming. The mother died in 1887, but the father is still living with his daughter. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have one child, Charles W., who is at home. Mr. John- son has made a great many improvements on his farm and build- ings and has a fine home, owning in addition to his cultivated land thirty acres of good timber. He now successfully carries on general farming and stock raising. Mr. Johnson is a Re- publican in his political views, and has been chairman of the township board for the past three years, justice of the peace for two terms, and director of school district 14 for a number of years. In addition to his Cannon Falls farm, Mr. Johnson owns 160 acres of land in Lamour county, North Dakota. John J. Lee, of Cannon Falls village, is a native of this county, born on the old homestead in Leon township December 19, 1863, son of John, Jr., and Ingeborg (Rislov) Lee, natives of Norway, who came to the United States in the forties, settling in Boone 92,2 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY county, Illinois, where they farmed for t sonie years, afterward coming to Leon township. Being true pioneers, they made the trip by ox team, and in addition to this the father also made a return trip to Illinois by the same means. At once upon his arrival here the father pre-empted a quarter-section of land and began farming operations, erecting a shack for the shelter of himself and family until better quarters could be provided. Dur- ing. these early days the pioneers had to depend upon Red AYing for lumber and provisions and as a market for their grain. The father of the subject of this sketch often made this trip, some- times taking his son John, camping on the prairie by night and spending three weary days in making the distance which is now made in a few hours. For many years the father followed farm- ing in Leon township, but in 1897 moved to AYanamingo, where he now resides. Of his five children, only two survive, the other besides J. J. being a son who makes his home with his father. J. J. Lee was brought up on the old homestead, attended the public schools and the Red AYing Seminary, and then took up farming operations, which he has since continued. He is a Re- publican in politics and was at one time supervisor of Leon township, also serving on the school board. He now owns the home place of 160 acres and fifteen acres of woodland adjoining but since 1905 he has lived in a new residence which he erected in Cannon Falls village. Mr. Lee is now engaged in the farm implement business in partnership with John Ritchie. Mr. Lee was married in 1896 to Bertha Quale, whose parents were early settlers of AYanamingo who now live in South Dakota. The Lee home has been blessed with three children, AY alter J., Edna S. and Irene L. J. F. Larson resides on the place in Cannon Falls township where his father lived before him. He was born in Sweden October 21, 1864, son of Gustav and Anna (Carlson) Larson, who came to America in 1869, and settled first in Belle Creek town- ship, this county. In 1874 they came to Cannon Falls township and purchased a farm of 200 acres, which they at once set about improving and developing and where they continued to live. The father died at his home in Cannon Falls in 1904 and the mother still makes her home in Cannon Falls. In the family there were six children, four of whom are living. J. F. Larson was blit five years old when he started life in America. He was brought up on the farm and lived at home until twenty-seven years of age. Desiring to see something of the, world before settling down for life, he went to St. Paul and Minneapolis and worked several years on the street cars, in a saw mill and as a milk dealer. He then returned to the old homestead, which he now is working for his mother. A larger part of the farm is HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 923 plowed land, but much of it is also pasture, affording plenty of grazing for his herds of cattle, which furnish him with cream for extensive shipments to St. Paul. Mr. Larson votes independ- ently. In 1894, two years after he started life for himself, he was married to Anna Bergquist, by whom he has four children, Margaret, Evelyn, Elvera and Paul S., all of whom are at home. The Larsons are ardent supporters of the Swedish Congrega- tional church. J. G. Nelson, who has several times served his fellow citizens as supervisor of the township of Cannon Falls, was born in Sweden December 14, 1851, son of Ole and Anna Nelson, early settlers in Chisago county, this state, Avliere they lived from 1856 to 1862. In the latter year they came to this township and after renting a farm for some years, purchased in 1870 the land upon which the subject of this sketch still lives. The father died in 1887 and the mother .in 1899. Their three children are all living. J. G. Nelson received his education in the public schools, experienced the rigors of pioneer life, and lias followed in his father’s footsteps as a farmer. He has 160 acres of land, 130 of which is plowed. Here he carries on general farming and dairying, selling milk to the Cannon Falls creamery. His place is about four miles from the village, and the buildings, all of which have been erected either by himself or his father, are neat and well kept. Mr. Nelson is a Republican in politics, and being a thorough believer in education, has served with credit on the school board. He was married in 1876 to Ellen Pearson, by whom he has five children, Adeline, Alfred, Henry, Leonard and Bennett. After the death of his first wife he was married to Jennie Holm, by whom he has two children, Bertrice and Everett. John A. Ohnstad, clothing merchant and up-to-date men’s haberdasher, of Cannon Falls, was born in Norway October 21, 1867, and came to America in 1875 with his parents, receiving his education in the common schools of Leon township and the Cannon Falls high school. For several years he worked in the clothing stores of B. Van Campen and C. R. Grebie & Co., and thep entered the employ of Olson Brothers, subsequently going to Duluth with that concern. In 1896 he returned to Can- non Falls, clerked ten years for Henry Thompson and then pur- chased the business. He carries a large stock of goods, equal to that handled in many city stores, and enjoys an extensive trade in the city and surrounding country. He is a Republican in politics, has served on the park board, and belongs* to the Lu- theran church. Mr. Ohnstad was married January 8, 1903, to Anna Underdahl, of Warsaw township, by whom he has three children, Myron, Olga and Ruth. Andrew E. and Seneva (Rvom) Ohnstad, parents of John A., came from Norway in 1875 and 924 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY settled in Leon township, Avhere the father still resides, the mother having died October 8, 1904. J. A. Peters, who owns a good farm in Cannon Falls town- ship, came to this county as a child with the early settlers, and lives on the place where his parents first settled and where the family has made all the improvements, developing the place from a wilderness' to its present high state of cultivation. The subject of this sketch was born in Sweden May 30, 1849, son of John and Christina Peters, also natives of that country. After com- ing to America in 1851 they lived successively in Chicago, Indiana and Iowa, and in 1856 came to Cannon Falls township and pur- chased the place where J. A. still lives. After farming for many years, the father retired to Cannon Falls village, where he died. J. A. attended the public schools, but since early boyhood has devoted his life to farming. He owns 320 acres, has 200 under the plow and carries on general farming and dairying, selling cream in large quantities to the creamery. He is a Republican in politics, but beyond serving as a school officer lias never cared to seek political preferment. In 1875 Mr. Peters was married to Hattie Johnson, by whom he has five children, Edward, Clarence, Esther, Ella and Edith. Edward is in Minneapolis in the hardware business, and Esther is a ladies’ tailoress in Min- neapolis, the others being at home. Eugene D. Stone is one of the genuine old settlers still living- in Goodhue county. He named the town of Leon from a place with a similar name in Cattaraugus county, New York, and was the first supervisor after the organization in 1858, in which organ- ization his father had an important part. The subject of this sketch was born in Warren county, Pennsylvania, January 10, 1832, son of William and Lavina (Collins) Stone, natives of Vermont. Moved by the venturesome spirit which has always been prominent in the breasts of the sons and daughters of the Green Mountain State, they moved to New York and then to Pennsylvania, later pushing their way further west to this county, where in 1856 they pre-empted a farm in Leon township. This farm, now consisting of 222 acres, 197 of which is plowed, has since that date remained in the family. E. D. Stone, who had received his education in the East, worked with his father in breaking the land and bringing it under cultivation, and had an important part in the- establishment of the family roof tree, com- ing into possession of the place after the death of his parents. For over fiffy years,, either alone or with his father, he carried on farming, conducting general agricultural operations and stock raising and selling cream furnished by his fine Jersey cows. More recently he has moved to the village of Cannon Falls and lived a retired life. Aside from being chairman of Leon for HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 925 several terms, lie also served many years as school treasurer. He enlisted in the army in 1864 and served two years four months and twenty days. He was married in 1860 to Ellen Johnson, daughter of Nels and Mariah (Mathew) Johnson, who came from Sweden to the United States in the early fifties and located in Elgin, 111. After staying there a year, they came up the Mississippi river to Red Wing on the “Mississippi Bell.” Red Wing was then a pioneer village, with the Indian tepees still standing. Soon afterward they c-ame to Leon township, and ended their days near Spring Garden church. To Mr. and Mrs. Stone were born six children, three boys and three girls. Two sons are living: F. S., married to Anna Benson, lives in Min- neapolis and manages a creamery, and owns a creamery in Can- non Falls ; Silas E., married Emma Headland and is a carpenter by trade. It is worthy of note that Spring Garden, now the name applied to the Swedish Lutheran church and the com- munity surrounding it, was named many years ago by Mrs. Stone. William E. Stone died in 1867 and his Avife in 1879. Nels Johnson passed aAvay in 1879 and his Avife in 1869. James L. Scofield, of Cannon Falls A’illage, is a native of the Empire State, born at Mt. Morris, Livingston county, NeAv York, May 8, 1844. He came to Goodhue county with his parents, Luther and Roxanna Scofield, when about eleA^en years of age, in 1855, and this has been his home since. He received his edu- cation in the common schools of Cannon Falls and the old Flam- line University, of Red Wing. When eighteen years 6f age he enlisted, on August 13, 1862, in Company F, 8tli Minnesota Vol- unteer Infantry, and serA r ed until July 11, 1865, when he was honorably discharged. After returning home he resumed farm- ing. In 1868, in partnership with his brother, Wilbur IF, he established a drug business at Cannon Falls, which he has con- tinued since. His brother died in 1894 and his nepheAv, Fred AY. Scofield, son of Wilbur IF., became his partner. Air. Scofield was married in Cannon Falls June 25, 1876. to Alary I. Hillman. Her father, LeA r i B. Hillman, Avas among the early pioneer settlers of Cannon Falls. Air. Scofield Avas elected to the legislature in 1892 and re-elected in 1894. Harrison M. Slocum, of Cannon Falls village, is one of those men Avho belieA^es in the industrial improvement of farming con- ditions through co-operation. He Avas one of the organizers of the Stanton Co-operative Creamery Company and was one of its directors for seAmral years. He also assisted in organizing the Stanton Farmers’ Fire Insurance Company, of Stanton, and Avas one of its directors for a considerable period. In 1895, upon the organization of the Cannon Falls Co-operative Creamery Company, he became its first president and retained that position 926 HI ST OK Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY five years. From 1900 to 1905 he was secretary of the Cannon Falls Telephone Company, of which he was also one of the originators and organizers. In addition to all of this, he lias been a successful farmer, and has found time to serve as chairman of the town board of Stanton several years. He was born July 9, 1858, in Stanton township, received his schooling in Fond du Lac, Wis., and in 1879 took charge of the home place. Upon this farm he made many improvements, remodeling the house and other buildings and erecting a large, sanitary barn, 40x50 feet. His farm was one of the finest in the township, and his fanning operations were conducted on a large scale until 1906, when he came to the village of Cannon Falls, where he now lives retired. Mr. Slocum is a mason and votes an independent ticket. John F. Slocum, father of Harrison M., was born in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, December 19, 1803, and came with his father, Isaac Slocum, to Ohio in 1824. He subsequently lived in Fond due Lac, Wis., and in 1855, after a short stay in St. Paul, came to Cannon Falls and built a store, the second one in the place. About the same time he pre-empted a farm in section 14, and the old land deed signed by President Lincoln is still one of the cherished possessions of the family. On this place the family erected a cabin, and were on the high road to prosperity when a fire swept the prairie, and during Mr. Slocum’s absence in Red Wing, destroyed the cabin and all its contents. The family then returned to St. Paul, spent the winter there, then returned to the claim, lived there until 1861, then went to Fond du Lac, Wis., and lived there until 1874, afterward returning to this county. Barbara E. Morrell, who married John F. Slocum May 1, 1849, was born in England March 9, 1820, and died January 25, 1899. John E. Slocum died June 29, 1879. To this union were born three children, Sarah E., Mary H. and Harrison M. Sarah E. was born August 15, 1851, and died December 27, 1905. Mary H. was born September 30, 1853, and keeps house for her brother. Arthur T. Clifford, veteran of the Civil War and retired farmer, of Cannon Falls, was born in Prospect, Waldo county, Maine, and after receiving his education worked with his father, coming west with his parents and settling in Stanton township in 1855. He pre-empted a quarter-section of land, brought the wilderness under cultivation and carried on general farming until his retirement, in 1893, at which time he rented his farm and moved to the village of Cannon Falls, where he now resides. In the month of February, 1864, he joined Company I, 1st Min- nesota Heavy Artillery, and served under Colonel William Col- vili until discharged at Fort Snelling at the close of the war. Since then it has always been his delight to associate with the good old comrades of those days, and he has served as chaplain HISTORY OR GOODHUE COUNTY 927 of McKinley Post, No. 96, G. A. R., for many years past. Polit- ically lie has not desired to be conspicuous, but lias consented to serve as school treasurer eight years and town treasurer two years. As the result of a lifelong consideration of the problems confronting the nation, Mr. Clifford has become a Prohibitionist and looks for the ultimate victory of the principles of that party. He is interested in church matters also, and has taken a prominent part in the growth of the Congregational demonination of this vicinity. November 28, 1860, Mr. Clifford was married to Sarah E. Ellis, of Grinnell, Iowa. This union has been blessed with two children : Minnie E., the wife of Dr. Wilbur Morrell, and Frank F., a physician in West Concord, Minn. Jonathan L. and Susan B. (French) Clifford, parents of A. T. Clifford, were natives of Maine, where the father was a merchant and farmer. They came to Stanton township in the early days and continued to add to their original quarter-section until they owned 500 acres. In later life they retired and are both now deceased. It is worthy of note that the Cliffords arrived in Red Wing October 10, 1855, and have since that date been residents of this county. Sever S. Hommedahl, of AYanamingo township, was born in Dane county, Wisconsin, December 4, 1853. His parents were Sever T. and Ingeborg (Selje) Hommedahl, natives of Norway, who came to the United States in 1852, locating in. Dane county, Wisconsin, where the father was engaged at his trade of shoe- maker until 1855, when he came to Goodhue county, bought land in Leon township and engaged in farming until his death, in 1897. The mother died in 1907, at the good old age of eighty-three years. They experienced all the hardships of the early settlers, hauling all their products to Red Wing by ox team, cultivating their land without any of the conveniences of our time. Sever S. received his education in the public schools of the county, after- ward taking a course at Augsborg Seminary, after which he returned to the farm and later engaged in farming for himself, purchasing 170 acres of land in AYanamingo. In 1883 he was married to Mary Loven, daughter of Thor and Guri (Finberg) Loven, old settlers of this county, who farmed in AYanamingo until their death. Mr. and Mrs. Hommedahl are the parents of seven children : Selmar, Ida Thorwald, Hilda, Susie, Esther and Herman, all of whom live at home. Mr. Ilomijiedahl has besides his own farm, 100 acres in Leon township, also eighty acres near Houston, Tex. For many years he carried on general farming, but has now retired and rents his farm. In 1906 he bought the Falls House, at Cannon Falls. Mr. Hommedahl is Republican and has held the offices of assessor of AYanamingo, justice of the peace, and clerk of the school board for a number of years. He and his family are members of the Norwegian Lutheran church. 928 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Albert L. Hjermstad was born in Wanamingo township, where he still resides, March 20, 1871, son of Lars and Anna (Overby) Hjermstad,, natives of Norway. Lars Hjermstad came to America in 1817, locating in Rock River, Aids., remaining a few years, after which he removed to Fillmore county, Minnesota, and en- gaged in farming until 1859, when he came to AVanamingo town- ship, where he purchased 160 acres of prairie land in section 3, which he broke and cleared, erecting a home and other outbuild- ings, following general farming until his death, October 9, 1877. He was married in 1865 to Anna Overby, who still lives with her son. Albert L. received his education in the district school of Wanamingo, and at the age of seventeen years managed the farm. At the age of twenty-two years he rented it, and in 1900 bought eighty acres of it. In 1908 he bought forty acres adjoining and five acres of timber land in Leon. He now carries on general farming and stock raising. Mr. Hjermstad was mar- ried November 4, 1903, to Hannah Moe, daughter of Hans and Anna (Overby) Moe, natives of Norway, Avho came to America and about a year later located in Wanamingo township and en- gaged in general farming. The mother died in 1903. Mr. and Mrs. Hjermstad have been blessed with three children: Lars, born July 18, 1904; Hans, born July 8, 1907, and Alf, born July 3, 1909. Mr. Hjermstad is a Republican. The family attend the Lutheran church. Bernt Hennum, of Wanamingo township, was born in Norway January 14, 1857, son of Gunder A. Hennum and Lena Erickson, natives of Norway. Bernt came to America in 1878, locating in Iowa, where he worked at his trade, that of blacksmithing, for two years, then moved to Nebraska, where he worked for two years, then came to St. Paul, where he worked for three months. From there he went to AYarren, Minn., and in 1893 came to Wanamingo, where he bought 160 acres of land and engaged in general farming. Later he added forty acres and made extensive improvements. Mr. Hennum was married January 8, 1887, to Randi Imsdahl, daughter of T. and Anna Imsdahl, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1865, settling in Zumbrota. In 1867 they engaged in farming and are still living. Mr. and Mrs. Hennum have six children : Leofred, born October 7, 1887 ; Arthur, born February 5, 1890 ; Gunda, born May 14, 1891 ; Harold O., born April 18, 1895, and died October 7, 1901; Louise, born December 30, 1897, and died April 29, 1903; Lydia, born May 8, 1903. Mr. Hennum is a Republican in his political views, and the family attend the Lutheran church. Sivert O. Haugen, of Wanamingo township, was born in Min- neola township February 18, 1870, son of O. S. and Sigrid (Romo) Haugen, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1861, locat- HISTORY OP GOODHUE COUNTY 929 ing in Nerstrand, Rice county, remaining there eight years, after which they came to Minneola and bought 160 acres of land, which the father improved and built a home, following general farming until in 1908, when they retired and moved to Wana- mingo. Sivert received his education in the schools of Minneola and the Reel Wing Seminary. After leaving school he worked on the farm with his father until 1897, when he purchased 240 acres of land in Wanamingo township, section 1, where he has since followed general farming. Mr. Haugen was married May 14, 1897, to Nettie Jensen, daughter of Andrew Jensen, of Rice county. They have four children, Oscar, Alma, Sigrid and Agnes, all living at home. Mr. TIaugen is a Republican in polities and is clerk of the school board in district 64. He and his family attend the Lutheran church. Nils A. Hostager, of Wanamingo township, was born in Cherry Grove township February 27, 1867, son of Anfin N. and Mary (Olson) Hostager, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1861 and located in Cherry Grove township, where the father engaged in farming for two years, after which he removed to Wanamingo township, where he bought a farm in section 28 and engaged in general farming until 1898, when they retired and moved to Kenyon village. The father died May 10, 1904, but the mother is still living at Kenyon. Nils A. received his education in the schools of Wanamingo and worked on the farm with his father until 1896, when his father presented him with a farm of 160 acres, which he improved and built a new barn. Mr. Hostager was married June 6, 1897, to Anna Ronningen, daughter of Ole and Gura Ronningen, who were farmers in Wanamingo township and are still living. Mr. and Mrs. Hostager have two children: Myrtle, born December 20, 1901, and Olga, born Jan- uary 5, 1905. Mr. Hostager is a Republican in his politics, and he and his family attend the Lutheran church. James Jordal was boim in Wanamingo township, where he still resides, August 7, 1872, son of Hans and Carrie (Flesslie) Jordal, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1864, locating in Wisconsin, remaining there two years, after which they came to Holden township, where they lived two years, then removed to Wanamingo township and purchased 120 acres of wild land, which the father broke and cleared, built a home and followed general farming until his death, June 2, 1891. John received his education in the common schools of Wanamingo and worked with his father on the farm until the latter’s death, when he took charge of the homestead and has since carried on a general line of farming. Mr. Jordal has six sisters and three brothers. Susie married Peter Rostad, of Belle Creek; Martha married Iver Jel- lum ; Sarah married Ole Anfinson, Stina married Carl Stromme, of 930 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Hannaforcl, N. D. ; Carrie married Thomas Egtoet; Josephine married Olaf Anderson, who was killed three months later, after which she came home to live. The brothers are : Hans, now of Shell Lake, Wis. ; Ole, now of Morrison county, and Henry, who lives at home. Mr. Jordal is a stockholder in the Farmers’ Ele- vator and Creamery at Wanamingo, and is a Republican in his politics. He attends the Lutheran church. Andrew E. Lee was born in Wanamingo township, where he still lives, November 19, 1886, son of Erick and Ragnild (Kulseth) Lee. He received his education in the common schools of Wan- amingo and worked with his father on the farm until his father’s death, when he took charge of the place, with his brothers, and continued general farming. Mr. Lee is a Republican in politics, and attends the Lutheran church. The father of Mr. Lee was born in Illinois, came to Wanamingo township when a young man and purchased 160 acres of land, which he broke and cleared, built a home and carried on a general line of farming up to the time of his death, April 18, 1903. The mother was born in Norway and emigrated to America in 1882. They had eight children. Gertrude, who married John IJegvik, is now deceased. The others are: Henry, of Zumbrota; Martin, Andrew, Caroline, Mary, Julia and Simon. Enar B. Lunde. one of the prosperous farmers of AYanamingo township, was born in Norway in June, 1832, son of Bottle and Breta (Erickson) Lunde, both natives of Norway. The father died in 1866 and the mother in 1890. Enar received his education in Norway and came to America in 1852, locating in Dane county, Wisconsin, where he remained for four years. In 1856 he came to Wanamingo and purchased 160 acres of wild land, which he broke and cleared, erecting a home and other outbuildings. To this he has added land until he now has a farm of 435 acres, all in section 34, constituting one of the best farms in the county. Mr. Lunde was married in 1857 to Christie Ellingson, by whom he had two children : Breta, married to Nels Almi, now in North Dakota, and Bertha, married to B. Lunde, of Cherry Grove. Mrs. Christine Lunde died in 1875, and on September 11, 1879, Mr. Lunde was married to Anna Johnson, daughter of John Johnson. Both her parents died in Norway. By this union were born: Ellen, married to David Davidson; and Anna, living at home. Mr. Lunde has been successful and owes his present pros- perity to his own untiring efforts and hard work. He is a Re- publican in politics, but has never sought public office. He is a stockholder in the Farmers’ Bank of Wanamingo, in the Farm- ers’ Elevator at Wanamingo and in the Farmers’ Elevator at Kenyon. He and his family are communicants of the United Lutheran church. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 931 Bottolf B. Lunde, of Wanamingo township, was born in Nor- way November 8, 1862, son of B. B. and Anna A. (Hogi) Lnnde, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1868 and located in Cherry Grove. In 1876 they came to AYanamingo, where they purchased 160 acres of wild land, which they improved and culti- vated, following a diversified line of farming. The father died November 18, 1889, and the mother June 1, 1907. Bottolf re- ceived his education in the common school of Wanamingo and worked with his father on the farm until the latter’s death, when he rented the old homestead until 1907, after which he pur- chased it and lias since followed diversified farming. Air. Lunde has never married. He has two brothers and two sisters. The sisters are : Gertrude and Bertha, living at Petersburg, N. D., and the brothers are Arne B., of Wanamingo township, and Erick, living at home. Mr. Lunde is a Republican in his political views, but has never sought public office. He has stock in the AYana- mingo Farmers’ Elevator and the Farmers’ State Bank of AA^ana- mingo, and is a member of the Lutheran church. Oliver J. Lee, AYanamingo township, was born in Leon town- ship January 17, 1876, son of John and Emily (Rislov) Lee, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1846 and located in Illinois until 1856, when they came to Leon and took up a home- stead of 160 acres of wild land, which the father cleared, built a home and other outbuildings and carried on farming and thresh- ing. In 1899 they removed to AYanamingo and purchased a farm of K. B. Smith, in section 11, where they farmed for four years, after which they retired from active life. Oliver J. received his education in the scdiools of Leon and at the Red Wing Seminary, after which he attended the Northern Illinois Normal School and Business College, of Dixon, 111., graduating in 1898, receiving the degree of bachelor of accounts. He then entered the employ of the county attorney as stenographer, at Dixon, 111., and later taught bookkeeping and shorthand in the business college of Iowa City, Iowa, remaining two years, after which he returned to Wanamingo township and took up teaching in the public school in the winter and worked on the farm in the summer. In 1903 he took charge of the farm and has since engaged in general farming. Mr. Lee was married April 4, 1906, to Louise Walsvik, daughter of L. A. and Inga (G.jesme) Walsvik, natives of Nor- way, who came to America and were among the first settlers of Wanamingo township. Air. and Mrs. Lee have one child, Jerome Llewellyn, born July 26, 1907. Air. Lee is a Republican in his political views. The family attends the Lutheran church. Joseph A. Norstad, a rising young business man of Wana- mingo village, was born at Eagle Grove, Iowa, September 10, 1880, son of Lars and Ingebor (Lenning) Norstad, natives of 932 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Norway, who came to America aucl located in Illinois, later going to Iowa, where they still reside, carrying on farming. Joseph A. acquired his education in Iowa and attended Jewell Lutheran College, in Jewell, Iowa, where he completed the com- mercial-course. After finishing school he took a clerkship at Eagle Grove for a time, and subsequently held a similar position at Bellmont, Iowa, for three years. In August, 190-1, he removed to AYanamingo and entered the mercantile business, which he still conducts. He was married October 1, 1903, to Hannah E. Haugen, daughter of 0. S. and Sigrid (Romo) Haugen, natives of Norway. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Norstad are: Lester E., born May 19, 1905, and Orwin S., born January 29, 1908. Mr. Norstad is an independent Republican in politics, and attends the Lutheran church. He is a highly respected citizen in the village in which he lives. In business he has been very success- ful. He comes of good stock and his upright dealings have merited the excellent reputation which his store bears. Halvor O. Oakland was born in AYanamingo township, where he still lives, September 14, 1861, son of Ole 0. and Ture (ILal- vorson) Oakland, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1852, settled in Kirkland, AVis., and in 1854 removed to AYana- mingo township, where they took up a homestead of 160 acres. Later they sold this and purchased 140 acres in sections 18 and 19, which the father cleared and improved, building a home, and followed general farming until his death, January 26, 1895. The mother died in September, 1887. Halvor received his educa- tion in the common schools, and in 1882 he went to Coddington county, South Dakota, where he took up a homestead of 160 acres. This he improved and farmed until 1889, when he sold out, returned to AYanamingo township and purchased the old homestead, where he has made many improvements. In 1901 he added thirty acres adjoining, and in 1904 built a new house, which is well furnished throughout. He is now remodeling his barn. Mr. Oakland was married June 23, 1886, to Lena Nerson, daughter of Neri Strand and Guri Toeto, natives of Norway, who came to America and located in Belle Creek township, where they engaged in general farming until their death. Mr. and Mrs. Oakland have six children, Nora, Olof, Gena, Lydia, Hilda and Clara, all living at home. Mr. Oakland is a Repub- lican in his political views. He is now clerk of the school board of district 148, which office he has held for twelve years. He is also a stockholder in the elevators at Kenyon and Bombay. The family faith is that of the Lutheran church. John G. Olstad, of AYanamingo township, was born in Craw- ford county, AVisconsin, November 25, 1863, son of Ole C. and Carrie (Ilostager) Olstad, natives of Norway, who came to HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 933 America in 1859, located in Crawford county, Wisconsin, and engaged in farming until 1882, when they sold the farm, came to Wanamingo township and purchased a farm in section 23, following general farming up to the time of the father’s death. The mother still lives in Wanamingo village. John G. received his education in Crawford county. After leaving school he took up farming, and in 1882 came with his parents to Wanamingo township. In 1889 he purchased a farm in section 35, upon which he built a home and all other buildings necessary and where he has since followed general farming. Mr. Olstad was married July 2, 1889, to Bertha Lawson, daughter of Andrew H. and Catrina (Egeland) Lawson, natives of Norway, who came to America and settled in Wanamingo township, engaging in general farming. The mother died October 4, 1908, but the father is still living. Mr. and Mrs. Olstad have had eight children: Elmer, Clara, Nellie, Gilbert, Charles, William, Leroy and Ida, all living at home. Mr. Olstad is a Republican. He and his family attend the Lutheran church. Theodore T. Rygh was horn in Wanamingo township on the farm where he now lives, March 13, 1873, son of Torger and Rachel Rygh, natives of Norway. Torger came to America with . his parents in 1845, locating in Chicago, where they lived until 1856, when they came to Wanamingo and pre-empted 160 acres of land in section 15. He received his education in Wanamingo and worked on the farm with his father until the latter’s death, when he came into possession of the farm. He made many im- provements, erected buildings and followed general farming until 1905, when he went to Traill county, North Dakota, where he owns 160 acres of land and where he now resides. The mother, Rachel, died in 1887. Theodore received his education in the common schools and at the Augsborg Seminary, at Minneapolis. In 1904 he took charge of the old homestead in Wanamingo town- ship and has since followed general farming and dairying. Mr. Rygh was married September 5, 1901, to Mary Holtan, daughter of Hans Holtan. To this union have been born four children: Rachel, born April 2, 1902 ; Hans, born July 16. 1903 ; Ramer, born January 21, 1905 (deceased) ; and Leah, born February 8, 1908. Mr. Rygh is an independent voter, and was at one time clerk of school board for district 60. He is also a stockholder in the Farmers’ Elevator at Wanamingo. The family attend the Lu- theran church. Joseph J. Swenson was born in Wanamingo township on the farm where he now resides May 1, 1872, son of John and Anna Swenson, natives of Norway, who came to America and located, in Illinois, later coming to Wanamingo township, where they purchased a farm consisting of 160 acres, subsecpiently adding 934 HISTORY OP GOODHUE COUNTY more land until they had a farm of 302 acres in sections 5 and 8. Upon this land the father built a home for his family and other buildings necessary for his stock and followed general farming until his death, April 25, 1902. The mother still lives in Kenyon. Joseph received his education in the public schools of Wanamingo and worked on the farm with his father up to the time of his death. In 1902 he purchased the old homestead of 302 acres and improved the land and buildings, carrying on general farming, dairying and stock raising. He has now under construction a new barn, 40x90. November 1, 1905, Mr. Swenson was married at Leon to Emma Edstrom, daughter of Charles and Christine Edstrom, natives of Norway, who came to America and settled in Leon township, where they still reside, engaged in farming. Mr. and Mrs. Swenson have two children : Evelyn B., born September 24, 1906, and Ernest Joseph, born July 13, 1909. Mr. Swenson is a Republican in politics, but- has never sought public office. The family are communicants of the Lutheran church. Harry S. Swan is a well known young man of Wanamingo village. He was born April 29, 1876, to John J. and Marguerite (Swenson) Swan, natives of Sweden, who came to America June 24, 1887, and reached Kansas, where they lived until 1896, en- gaged in farming. Then they removed to Sherburne county, Minnesota, where they farmed for three years, after which they went to Minneapolis, where Mr. Swan was in the employ of the Bovey & Delaittre Lumber Company seven years. Removing to Isanti county, they remained until they came to Goodhue county, locating on their farm of 100 acres. Harry S. acquired his edu- cation in Sweden and America’, after which he farmed with his father for a time and later went to Minneapolis, where he worked for the Bovey & Delaittre Lumber Company for four years. He then went to the village of Isanti, working in the lumber yards two years, subsequently coming to Wanamingo and entering the service of the Charles Betcher Lumber Company as local manager. This business was later sold to McMullin Lumber Company, and in 1908 to the Wanamingo Lumber Company, but Mr. Swan still retained his position as general manager, which office he now holds and the duties of which he performs most faithfully. Mr. Swan was married December 12, 1902, at Minneapolis, to Tillie Johnson, a native of Sweden, born February 9, 1876. The chil- dren of this union are : Herbert C., born at Isanti, July 15, 1904 ; Mildred P., born January 19, 1906, and Russel W., born March 15, 1908, all of whom are at home. Mr. Swan is a Republican in politics and the family attend the Swedish Lutheran church. He fraternizes with the Modern Woodmen of America and the Mod- ern Samaritans. For some years he was constable of Wanamingo. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COURT Y 935 Mr. Swan is a man of good character, always willing to use his influence in behalf of anything pertaining to the good of the community. Lars H. Voxland, of Wanamingo township, was born in Holden township, September 1, 1861, son of Halvor and Clara (Quam), natives of Norway, who came to America in the late fifties, and located in Wisconsin, where they were married and came to Holden township in 1858, where they purchased eighty acres of land to which they added from time to time, until they had in all, 680 acres, all in Holden township. Here they carried on general farming until the death of the father, March 4, 1894. The mother is still living on the old homestead with her son George. Lars received his education in the common schools of Holden township and the high school at Faribault, Minn. After leaving school he worked with his father on the farm until he was twenty-one years of age, when he came to Wanamingo town- ship and purchased 251 acres in Section 19, where he has since carried on general farming and stock raising. He has added land at different times to his farm, until he now has a fine farm of 750 acres, all in Wanamingo township, except 110 acres, which is in Holden township, but adjoins the other land. It is all under cultivation. On October 27, 1882, Mr. Voxland was married to Christine Aabye, daughter of Tliorsten A. and Olena (Bergan) Aabye, natives of Norway, who came to Dodgeville, AA T is., from Norway in 1851. In 1854 they removed to Wanamingo township and took up a homestead of 160 acres of wild land which the father improved, following general farming until his death, May 3, 1901. The mother is still living with her daughter at the age of eighty-th^ee years. She and her husband, with two others, Henry Nelson and William Ronnin, were among the first settlers in this locality. Mr. and Mrs. Voxland have been blessed with ten children: Clara, married to Ole L. Thoen, of Litchfield, Minn. ; Lena (deceased) ; Halvor, who is a farmer of Wanamingo, mar- ried to Hannah. Wrolstad, June 3, 1909; Olof, Lena, Laura, Man- ton, Alice, Harriett, who are at home, and Carl (deceased). Air. Voxland is an independent voter, and has been treasurer of school district No. 148. He is one of the directors of the Farmers’ Elevator in Kenyon. The family faith is that of the Lutheran church. Lars A. Walsvik, of Wanamingo township, was born in Nor- way, November 24, 1847, son of Andreas and Segre (Nesseth), natives of Norway, who came to America in 1856, settling in Illinois, and remaining there three years. In 1859 they came to Wanamingo township where they purchased 120 acres of wild land, which the father broke and improved, following general farming until his death, February 19, 1906. The mother died HISTOBY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 936 June 26, 1906. Lars received his education in the common schools and worked on the farm until 1882, when he went to North Dakota, later returning and purchasing the old homestead, where he has made many improvements. He now follows general farm- ing. Mr. Walsvik was married in July, 1875, to Inga M. Gjesme, daughter of Lars and Anna (Mayland) Gjesme. The mother died several years ago, but the father is still living. Mrs. AYalsvik died April 13, 1908. Mr. and Mrs. Walsvik have had nine children : Saralp who lives at home ; Anna, now Mrs. Anders Turk, of Minne- apolis ; Alma, of Minneapolis ; Leonard, living at home ; Louisa, married to 0. Lee, of Wanamingo; Hattie, married to C. M. Nes- seth ; Bertha, Inger, and Mary, who live at home. Mr. Walsvik is a Republican in politics, and has held the offices of supervisor and town treasurer, for several years. He is now treasurer of school district No. 61, which office he has held for the past five years. He is a stockholder in the Farmers’ Elevator of Kenyon. Senkpiehl Brothers. Among the prosperous and progressive farmers of Goodhue county, G. F. and LI. W. Senkpiehl are well entitled to prominent mention. Their large farm is brought to a high degree of cultivation, and the brothers take pride in keeping everything in the best of condition. In the spring, when the black earth is plowed in deep furrows ; in the summer, when the crops wave in beauty on the rolling land, and in the fall, when the ripened grains stand in shocks or stacks awaiting the thresher, the farm presents a pleasing picture of intelligent and successful effort along agricultural lines. To the property left them by their father the brothers and their sister, who keeps house for them, have added from time to time until they now own 620 acres of as good land as is found in the county. They carry on general farming with great success and also raise considerable stock, their barns being arranged with a view to the best housing of their cattle. All the stock is well looked after, with the result the dairying operations on the place have proven most profitable. Christian and Mary Senkpiehl, parents of the Senkpiehl brothers, were born in Germany and came to Hay Creek township in 1858 Avitli the early pioneers, taking up a homestead of 160 acres, erecting the necessary buildings and carrying on general farming. In the family were seven children : Charles, Hinnarika, Gustaf, Christine, William, Henry and Christian. The mother died in 1896 and the father in 1901. At the time of the father’s death he left 400 acres to his children. This has since been increased to 620 acres and some fine buildings have been erected thereupon. H. J. Kells, of Hay Creek township, was born in Columbia county, New York, October 3, 1833, son of Henry IT. and Caroline (Avery) Kells, natives of New York, Avho moved to Wisconsin late in life and spent the remainder of their days there. LI. J. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 937 Kells was educated in the common schools of New York and later attended a commercial school in Wisconsin. He came to Minne- sota in 1857 and settled in Wacouta township, where he worked at his trade of blacksmith for several years. Afterward he moved to Hay Creek township, where he has since resided, and carried on general farming and stock raising, also devoting a part of his time to blacksmithing, having a well equipped shop on the farm. He owns 200 acres of land, of which eighty-three are under culti- vation, the place being managed by his son. Mr. Kells was mar- ried in Wisconsin to Naomi Stewart, a native of Maine. The mother died when her daughter Naomi was small, and the father moved to Wisconsin, where he died. Mr. and Mrs. Kells have seven children: James, of Minneapolis, and Alice, Alfred, Henry, Sarah, William, and George, all of whom live at home. Mr. Kells is Republican in politics, and lias served as town supervisor and justice of the peace for a number of years. He belongs to the Masonic Lodge of Red Wing. Gust Ekblad has devoted his life to farming. He was born in Sweden in May, 1868, and was brought to this country by his parents while still an infant, spending his early boyhood in Yasa, where they settled. His father, Peter, who is still living, is men- tioned in the sketch of Albert Ekblad, found in this volume. Gust attended the common schools of Yasa, and went to Mower county with his parents in early young manhood. For many years he has been a farmer in Hay Creek township. Of his eighty- five and a half acres, forty-five are under the plow, and on this place he carries on general farming and stock raising. He sells butter and makes a specialty of raising Plymouth Rock fowls. Among other improvements he has sunk a good well, from which is obtained pure sparkling water for stock and household pur- poses. Mr. Ekblad is an independent voter and is now serving as road master of Hay Creek. He was married in 1896 to Jennie, the daughter of Thomas Perrott and Susan (Bryan) Perrott, and to this union have been born three children, Elizabeth An- netta, Ruby Jeanette and Yiolet Evelyn. Albert Helmeke, an honest, law-abiding citizen of Hay Creek township, has spent his entire life in this county, and has wit- nessed its development into one of thp most prosperous sections of the state. He was born October 2, 1862, his parents being Henry, and Ricke (Lenke) Helmeke, natives of Germany. They came to America in 1857, and for a time lived in Indiana, until drawn to this part of the country by the reports that many of their fellow countrymen were attaining prosperity and success on the rich acres of the then newly developed Goodhue county. They settled in Hay Creek township, and there remained many years. In his latter years the father sold out and moved to Red Wing. 938 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY All his eight children are living. Albert obtained such education as the district schools offered, and from earliest boyhood took an interest in farming. He now owns the home place of 160 acres, having ninety acres under the plow. His crops are of a general nature, and his stock of a high grade. His fellow citizens have accorded him their trust and esteem and for three years have called him to serve as their town clerk. He votes the Republican ticket. Mr. Helmeke Avas married in 1888 to Maggie Ivruckenburg, daughter of Fred Kruckenburg, an old settler of Minneapolis, who, being a carpenter, erected many of the early buildings there. To Mr. and Mrs. Helmeke have been born four children, Lillie,, Fred, John and Anton. The Lutheran faith is the family religion. John B. Zignego has a large farm on Section 5, Hay Creek township, .just outside of the limits of the city of Red Wing, 200 of his 338 acres being render the plow and in a high stage of cultivation. On this farm he does general farming, together Avit.li stock raising and dairying, making a specialty of hogs. He has made many improvements on his place and lrves in a pleasant residence with his wife and six children. He was born in Italy, June 24, 1856, son of Andrew and Carrie Zignego, both of whom died in Italy. Ills uncle brought him to this country when ‘he Avas a youth of fourteen years, in 1869, and until twenty-five years of age he assisted this uncle Avith farm work, subsequently renting his uncle’s farm three years. He then purchased eighty acres in Florence township, still later purchasing the farm where he noAv resides. Mr. Zignego is an independent voter and has never sought public office. He Avas married, in 1883, to Minnie Lubbe, daughter of Frederick and Dora (Warnbold) Lubbe, na- tives of Germany. The former is dead and the latter still lives in the old country. The six children born to this union are : Minnie, John C., Lavina, Marie, Joseph and Willis. The uncle avIio brought John B. Zignego to this country is now living in Minneapolis, at the good old age of eighty-eight years. Edward Behrens, of Hay Creek toAvnship, Avas born in Boone- Adlle, Inch, December 14, 1849, son of Conrad and Caroline Behrens, natives of Germany, aaJio came to America and located in Warrick county, Indiana, where the father died of cholera soon after. The mother died in 1904. Edward received his edu- cation in the common schools of Warrick county, and later learned the shoe trade, which he followed until 1893. In 1871 he came west and settled in Red Wing, where he worked at his trade for two years, after which he started a shoe shop at Hay Creek, also managing a small farm until 1894, when he rented a farm of 244 acres, of which 100 Avas under cultivation, the rest being good timber. This he managed for eleven years, carrying on general farming and dairying. In 1905 he purchased the farm HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 939 and made many improvements, both on the land and buildings. In June, 1882, he was married to Ida Saupe, daughter of Fred and Emilia Schubert Saupe, natives of Germany, where the father was a sexton. They came to America in 1855 and located in Milwaukee, remaining one year, after which they came to Min- nesota and located in Hay Creek township, where they pre- empted 160 acres of land and engaged in general farming. There were nine children, all of whom are living. Mr. Beherns is a Republican in politics and has been treasurer and director of school district No. 161 for the past nine years. Fraternally he affiliates with the Sons of Herman and the Red Men of Red. Wing. A. A. Burkard, the genial store keeper at Hay Creek village, popularly known to the public in general as ‘ ‘ Burkard ’s,” is a lifelong resident of this county, having been born in Red Wing March 24, 1867. His parents were A. A., Sr., and Odella (ITolst- man) Burkard. The father came from Baaden, Germany, when a young man and took up a homestead in Hay Creek. He then engaged in the hotel business in Red Wing and in 1867 moved to Featherstone township, where he conducted a general store and hotel. Twenty years later, in 1887, he came to Hay Creek village and started a store and hotel, erecting the substantial brick build- ing now occupied by his son. He occupied a number of public offices and was postmaster in Featherstone and Hay Creek for a period of nearly thirty-five years. He died August 1, 1903. The subject of this sketch received his education in the public schools, and worked with his father, managing the farm in Featherstone twelve years. Upon his father’s death he took charge of the hotel and store at Hay Creek village, which he now conducts. He is well known throughout the county and state and is prominent in fraternal circles, being a member of the Red Men at Red Wing and the Eagles at St. Paul. In September, 1898, he was married to Helena Schaffer, by whom he lias three bright boys, Harold, Karl and Tilden, all of whom are at .school. Carl Veek, a prosperous farmer of Warsaw township, was born in Rock county, Wisconsin, January 15, 1871. His parents were Ilalgren and Julia (Mikkelson) Yeek, natives of Norway. The father came to America with the grandparents in 1852, and located in Rock county, Wisconsin, where they engaged in farm- ing. Later he purchased the homestead of 280 acres and farmed until 1898. The mother died in 1898, and the son Carl now man- ages the farm and makes a home for his father. Carl received his education at Decorah, Iowa, entering Luther College at the age of fourteen years, and spending four years there. Then he went to Northfield, and attended St. Olaf’s College one year. In 1889 he came into possession of 250 acres of land in Warsaw township, of which nearly all was under cultivation ; and engaged HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 940 in general farming, dairying and stock raising, continuing to improve his farm in many ways. October 7, 1889, he was mar- ried to Petrine Brekken, daughter of Even and Bertha (Oldre) Brekken, natives of Norway, who immigrated in 1856 to Stough- ton, Dane county, Wisconsin. In 1860 they removed to Minne- sota and purchased 160 acres of land, gradually increasing this to 385 acres. They carried on farming until 1888, when they retired from active life, but remaining on the homestead, where the father died in 1891. The mother is still living at Warsaw. Mr. and Mrs. Veek have had nine children: Even (deceased); Herman Julius, Byron, Josephine, Clara, and Minnie, who are at home, and Evangeline, Clara P., and Ole, deceased. Mx*. Veek is a Republican in politics and has served as chairman of War- saw township for the past four yeai's, clerk of school district 53 for the past twelve years, and president of the Goodhue County Good Roads Association for two years. The family faith is that of the Lutheran church. Henry H. Svein was born on the farm where he now resides, in Warsaw township, December 25, 1873, son of John and Mary Turtness, xxatives of Norway, who came to America in 1856, locat- ing in Wisconsin, where the father worked on a faimx for three years, after which they went to Iowa, remaining three years ; then came to Warsaw township, Minnesota, in 1862, and pur- chased eighty acres of land which the father cleared and broke, and built a home. Here they remained for two years, when they bought a farm, consisting of 195 acres, in the same township, where the father made extensive improvements, building a home, barn and other outbuildings, and followed general farmixxg until in 1905 when he retired from active life. In 1907 he moved to Dennison, where he died in 1908, and the mother in 1882. Henry received his education in the public schools of Warsaw and St. Olaf’s College, Northfield, which he attended two yeai’s, after which he took up farming at home until 1905. He then bought 155 acres of the old homestead, and later forty acres, of which about 175 acres are under cultivation, and on which he has car- ried on general farming and dairying, raising of fine horses and stock. Mr. Svein has one sister and two brothers : Annie, the sister, married C. Strand, who died, and later she married Thomas Bakken, of Warsaw. The brothers are: Sever, who lives at home, and Olaus, who is living at Dennison, Minn. Mr. Svein is a Repixblican in politics, but has never sought or held public office. He belongs to the Norwegian Lutheran church. John Edward Norsving, president of the village council of Dennison, was born in Holden township, January 24, 1873, and received his education in the Holden coiximon schools, St. Olaf College at Northfield, and the Lutheran Academy at Albert Lea, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 941 subsequently remaining on the home farm until 1904, with the exception of two years, 1900-02, which he spent on the Pacific coast. In 1904 he entered into partnership with the Messrs. El- lingboe and Austinson, in a general store at Dennison, where he now remains, he and Mr. Austinson having purchased the interest of Mr. Ellingboe. The firm has a large trade from the neighbor- ing country districts in both Rice and Goodhue counties, and, in addition to a general line of provisions and household necessities, carries a full stock of hardware and farm machinery. In addi- tion to this property Mr. Norsving has 160 acres of the old home- stead which he rents. He is a Republican in politics, and before being elected president of the council had served three terms as village assessor. June 4, 1903, he was married to Sadie Austin- son, daughter of Throud and Mary (Stiele) Austinson, who, after coming to America in 1851, lived in Wisconsin and Iowa, and in 1859 took up their residence on 240 acres in Warsaw, where they lived until 1907, when they retired and moved to Dennison village. In 1868 they took a long vacation and visited their old home in Norway. Mr. and Mrs. Norsving have been blessed with two children: Gudmund T. AY., born September 28, 1905, and Bernice M., born September 29, 1907. The family faith is that of the Norwegian Lutheran church. G. K. and Bertha (Holien) Norsving, parents of John Edward, were born in Norway and in 1850 migrated to the United States. After living in AVisconsin and Iowa several years they came to Holden township, this county, and purchased 160 acres which they broke and improved, later adding eighty acres more, which was, however, subsequently disposed of. They retired in 1904 and now make their home in a pleasant residence in Kenyon. During his active life G. K. Norsving was at one time interested in a store in Tennessee, but this interest he later sold. The entire family is well esteemed throughout this section of the country. G. K. Norsving served in the legislature in 1872-3. He has also served as county com- missioner, township supervisor, clerk, treasurer, justice and assessor. T. O. Bonde, of Warsaw township, was born in Black Hammer township, Houston county, Minnesota, September 5, 1855, son of Ole T. and Mary G. (Riste) Bonde, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1848 and located in Wisconsin, where the father purchased forty acres of land, which he cleared and improved, remaining until 1855, when they removed to Houston county, Minnesota, residing there eight years. Then they went to Rice county, purchased eighty acres of land, built a home and other buildings necessary, and carried on general farming for twelve years, after which they sold and came to Warsaw township and bought 170 acres of land which the father improved, and carried 942 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY on general farming until in 1892, when he retired from active life. He died in 1903 and the mother passed away in 1904. T. O. Bonde received his education in the public schools at Northfield, Minn., and took a business course at a La Crosse business college. After leaving school he took up farming, and in 1900 purchased 160 acres in Dakota, remaining three years, after which he sold and returned to the old home, where he has since managed the farm with his brother. Mr. Bonde has three sisters and three brothers. The sisters are: Bertha E., married to Charles Asper, of Portland, Ore.; Emma, married to John Beauline; and Belle, married to Oliver Tucker, of Ilibbing, Minn. The brothers are: G. O., living in North Dakota; Austin, now of North Dakota; Albert, living at home. Mr. Bonde is a Republican in politics, has served as chairman of the town board four years, and was justice of the peace two years. He is interested in the Farmers’ Elevator at Dennison. John Engersetter, of Warsaw township, was born in North- field, Rice county, Minnesota, November 28, 1869, son of Erick and Julia Haland Engersetter, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1852, locating in Wisconsin, where the father worked on a farm, remaining two years. In 1854 they moved to Rice county, Minnesota, where the father homesteaded eighty acres of timber land, which he broke and cleared. He also built a house of logs. Later he purchased 160 acres of land in Northfield town- ship, where he moved the log house and improved the land, carry- ing on general farming, and adding more land, at one time 160 acres and another time eighty acres, until he owned in all 480 acres, which he managed until his death, January 28, 1904. The mother is still living on the old homestead with her son, Edward. John Avas one of six children: Albert, hoav of Canada; Carrie, married Albert Mohn, noiv of Rice county; Julia, married George Rank, now of Rice county ; Edward, lives on the homestead ; Bertha, married Carl Knutson, noAv of Rice county; and John is the subject of this sketch. John received his education at the public schools of Rice county and worked on the farm at home until 1893, when he bought 200 acres of land, of which 180 acres Avas in Goodhue county, where he built a home, barn and other outbuildings, and noAV carries on general farming and dairying, also raising fine horses and stock. The other tAventy acres are in Rice county. Mr. Engersetter was married March 8, 1898, to Julia Lein, daughter of Gunder and Annie (Estrem) Lein, natives of Norway, who came to this county and settled in Holden toAvn- ship, where they purchased land and carried on general farming until the father died in 1906. The mother is still living on the homestead. Mr. and Mrs. Engersetter have four children : Gil- man A., Eddie G., Annie J., and Gunda Lenora. Mr. Engersetter HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 943 is a Republican in politics- and the family are members of Yang’s Norwegian Lutheran church. Ingwel Enderson, of Warsaw township, was born in Norway, February 24, 1839, son of Andrew Amunson and Bertha Ing- welson, natives of Norway, the father being a tailor by trade, in which he engaged until his death in 1846. The mother came to America in 1864 and located in Blooming Prairie, where she re- married and lived until her death in 1899. Ingwel received his education in the public schools of Norway, and after leaving school took up farming until in 1861, when he came to Goodhue county and located in Warsaw township, where, he worked for five years. In 1866 he purchased eighty acres of improved land, built a home of logs, and carried on general farming. In 1882 he bought eighty acres adjoining and built a new home, barn and other buildings and now continues to carry on general farming and dairying, having all but fifteen acres under cultivation. July, 1867, he was married to Carrie Olson, daughter of Ole and Ing- borg Aastad, natives of Norway, where both parents died. Mr. and Mrs. Enderson have been blessed with two children: Bertha, born September 19, 1868, and died September 30, 1893, and An- drew, born October 7, 1870, who lives at home. Mr. Enderson is a Republican in his political views, and the family attend the Lutheran church. Elija L. Clark, now deceased, was the pioneer school teacher of Cannon Falls. He taught this school in 1856-57, in a building which he erected for the purpose, principally of basswood, giving it the name of Basswood College. In this building the early church services were also held. Mr. Clark was born in Franklin county, Maine, February 28, 1830, received an academy educa- tion, worked in a cutlery factory in Lowell, Mass., four years, and engaged in surveying in Ohio five years, coming to Cannon Falls in 1855. From then until 1862 he did carpenter work, leav- ing this occupation to respond to Lincoln’s call for volunteers, serving in Company F, Eighth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry until promoted to first lieutenant in the 123d U. S. C. Infantry. He was mustered out at Camp Nelson, Kentucky, in October, 1865. After being in business for many years in Cannon Falls, he went to South Dakota, homesteaded a claim, and remained until 1902, when he retired and returned to Cannon Falls. His interests have always been toward the encouragement of patriot- ism, and to him is due in some measure the agitation which re- sulted in locating the Colonel William Colvill monument in this place. Mr. Clark died Feb. 17, 1909, while visiting his daughter, Mrs. W. P. Ilitchings, in California., He was married October 30, 1858, to Mary E. Wright, daughter of James II. and Rebecca (Evans) Wright, natives of Indiana, who came to Cannon Falls 944 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY in the early days and engaged in farming until the end of their life, the father dying November 25, 1876, and the mother Septem- ber 16, 1887. To Mr. and Mrs. Clark were born three children : E. W. is a coal dealer in Minneapolis; Nellie C. is the wife of W. P. Iditchings, of California ; Frank W. is a sheriff in Arizona. Mr. Clark was a fine old gentleman in every respect, a figure much honored in the village. Kindly, ever considerate, willing at personal cost to assist in every good movement, he was a distinct addition to pioneer life, and his training of the boys and girls of the early days had much to do tvith the success which many of them achieved in after life. Marten C. Westermo, of Wanamingo township, has attained honor and distinction during his lifelong residence in this county. He was born in Holden township, March 13, 1856, and received such school training as his district afforded. As a boy he helped about the farm, and after leaving school he remained on the old homestead until 1882, when his father presented him with 160 acres on which he farmed until coming to Wanamingo in 1889. At the present time he carries on general farming, owning 110 acres upon which he has erected a pleasant home and some fine barns. In the midst of a busy life, he has found time to attend to higher things and has taken a prominent part in the United Lutheran church, being especially interested in the parochial schools connected with that body. He was married May 22, 1877, to Anna M. Huseth, by whom he has eight children : Rev. Chris- tian, born March 24, 1879, now of New York city; Ilalvor, born October 23, 1881, and Isaac, born August 14, 1883, both of North Dakota; Ingeborg, born December 9, 1886; Alfred, born March 27, 1889 ; Aslang, born May 4, 1891, Laura, born September 17, 1893, and Herman, born July 13, 1897, all at home. The parents of Mrs. Marten C. Westermo were ILalvor Olsen and Aslang Huseth, both born in Norway, the former in 1824 and the latter in 1828. Upon coming to America in 1844 he en- gaged in farming at Stoughton, Wis., for twelve years. In 1856 they came to AVanamingo township, this county, with the early pioneers and bought a farm, making the usual developments and improvements. The mother died January 18 and the father August 23, 1901. Christian and Ingeborg (Hansdatter) Wes- termo, parents of Marten C. AYestermo, were born in Norway, the former in 1812 and the latter in 1815. In his early manhood the father was manager of a lumber estate, but upon coming to America in 1846 he engaged in farming at Sugar Creek, Wis., for two years. In 1856 they came to Holden township, this county, with the early pioneers and homesteaded 160 acres, making the usual developments and improvements. The mother died March 20, 1885, and the father spent his declining years with his son. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 945 George V. Williams is one of the leading druggists of Good- hue county, and has taken an active part in those activities which have made Cannon Falls equal in importance, in a commercial and political way, to cities of much larger growth. During the last campaign he was secretary of the Taft-Jacobson Republican Club; he is secretary of the Cannon Falls Business Men’s Asso- ciation, member of the Commercial Club, member of the Minne- sota State Pharmacy Association, president of the Goodhue County Retail Druggists’ Association, member of the city council, and a popular brother in the Masons, the Modern Samaritans and the Maccabees. Born in Evansville, Minn., July 19, 1880, he received his education in the public schools and later entered the School of Pharmacy at Minneapolis. From 1898 to 1901 he worked at the drug business in Evansville, Minneapolis, Madison, Fergus Falls and Forest River. In 1901 he became druggist for the statp hospital in Fergus Falls, Minn., and then, after three years, took up his residence in Cannon Falls, and on May 17, 1904, entered into partnership with P. A. Peterson in the drug business. Since March 17, 1908, Mr. Williams has been sole owner, carry- ing a full line of drugs, sundries, paints, silverware, liand-deco- rated china, wall paper, jewelry, sewing machines, etc. Mr. Will- iams was married November 24, 1903, to Minnie Strehlow, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Otto Strehlow, of St. Peter, Minn. Mr. and Mrs. Williams ’are both members of the Congregational church. John O. and Sophia J. (Johnson) Williams, parents of George V. Williams, came to America from Sweden in 1866 and lived in Yasa, until 1870, when they went to St. Paul. In 1878 they moved to Evansville, Minn., and conducted a hotel until 1881, when the father engaged in the furniture business. In 1905 he resumed his trade of carpenter and contractor which he is now following. Frank J. Vanberg, son of John J. and Joliannah (Johnson) Vanberg, was born in Leon township, where he still resides, Au- gust 20, 1859. His parents came to America in 1854, making the voyage in a sail boat, the trip lasting sixteen weeks. They spent about one year in Iowa, and in the spring of 1855 came to Leon township, where they took up a homestead and built a home of logs, improving their land and engaging in general farming the remainder of their lives, the father dying in 1860 and the mother in 1887. They had three children : Charles (deceased), Christine, married to Walford Anderson, of Belle Creek, and Frank J., the subject of this sketch. Frank received his education in the common schools of the township and worked on the farm. After- wards he managed a sawmill and feed mill in Wastedo, for fifteen years, and also ran a threshing outfit for some time. Since 1900 he has been engaged in farming on the old homestead, which con- 946 HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY sists of eighty acres of improved land and twenty-eight acres of timber. He has remodeled the outbuildings and built a new home, also making other general improvements. He was married in 1900 to Clarinda Anderson, daughter of C. J. and Ellen (Velan- der) Anderson, natives of Sweden, who came to America in the early days, settled in Cannon Falls township and engaged in farming. They are now retired and live in St. Paul. The father is an old Civil AVar veteran, having spent four years in the army. He enlisted in 1861 in Company D, Third Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, as a private, and was promoted to the rank of corporal a year later. He took part in all the battles of the campaign, and was discharged with the regiment. Mr. and Mrs. Vanberg have three children: Florence, Blanche and Hazel. Mr. Van- berg is Republican in his political views, has held the position of assessor for seven years and is at present town clerk. He is a member of the A. 0. U. AV. at Cannon Falls, and he and his family attend the Swedish Lutheran church at Spriug Garden. Joseph Persig was born in Hay Creek township, where he still resides, May 5, 1871, son of Gottleib and Catherine (Bauleg) Persig, natives of Germany, who came to America in 1858 and settled in Hay Creek township, where they took up a homestead of 160 acres of land, which they broke and improved, and car- ried on general farming. AVlien the Avar broke out the father enlisted and served three years. After the Avar he returned home and took up farming, having erected a home and outbuildings as Avell as making general improvements. He died in 1895, and the mother in 1897. Joseph Avas one of six children: Julia and Annie, who were both victims of the Sea AVing disaster; Lena, now of Noble county; AVilliam of AVacoota township; and Fred (deceased). Joseph attended the common schools of the town- ship and worked on the farm with his father, later coming into possession of the home place. In 1901 he was married to Freda Jones, by whom he has two children: Benjamin and Irene. Mr. Persig is Republican in his politics, but has never sought or held public office. P. J. Frenn, an estimable and well-known citizen and farmer of Featherstone township, was born in Sweden, June 5, 1843, son of Lars and Christina (SAvanson) Frenn, who upon coming to America in 1852 settled in St. Charles, 111., where the father worked as a farm and stone mason about ten years. It was about 1864 when they came to Featherstone township and purchased the place which has since been the Frenn homestead. Here they lived for the remainder of their years, the father dying in No- vember, 1880, and the mother in September, 1874. P. J. Frenn received his education in the common schools and then took up farming on the home place, adding to the improvements which HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 947 his father had started. He has brought the land to a high state of cultivation, and, aside from the commodious buildings for his stock, he has a comfortable residence for himself and family. The farm consists of 220 acres, all of which is tillable, and upon which he carries on general farming and dairying, selling cream in considerable quantities. Five acres of the farm constitutes a fine orchard, and there are also on the place many trees which Mr. Frenn has planted for shade. Aside from his land in this township, he also owns eighty acres in Wisconsin and 166 acres in Texas. In addition to being a good farmer, Mr. Frenn is a good carpenter, an occupation which he followed for ten years during his younger life. Although not an office seeker, he has consented to serve two terms on the town board, being elected on the Re- publican-ticket, to which party he pays allegiance. Mr. Frenn was married July 26, 1872, to Christina M. Swanson, daughter of Carl and Inga C. Swanson, who lived and died in the old country. To this union were born eight children : Hilda M. Bruber lives in Hay Creek ; Hanna C. lives in California ; Esther A. also lives in the same state; Carl S. married Wilhelmena Zignego and lives in Hay Creek township; Martin L. lives at home and helps on the farm; Albert E., Elmer A. and Lilly W. are also at home. The family attends the Swedish Lutheran church. A. H. Hardy, of Featherstone township, was born in Janes- ville, Wis., July 22, 1845, son of Samuel and Mary (Carlton) Hardy, natives of Massachusetts. The father spent his early life in the east coming west to Rock county, AYiseonsin, when thirty- five years of age. He remained a few years, then went to Green county, and in 1854 came to Minnesota, where he took up a homestead in Burnside township and built a log cabin which still stands. Later he removed to Pine Island township and carried on general farming until he retired from active live and moved to Red Wing, where he died in 1888. The mother passed away in October, 1887. They had a family of fourteen children, of whom only three are living : A. IT. Hardy received his education in the common schools, and worked with his father. He enlisted in Company A, Hatch’s Independent Cavalry, July 20, 1863, and served three years, being discharged June 6, 1866. During this time he was in the Dakotas. Mr. Hardy was married in 1874 to Melissa (Benham), daughter of Isaac and Harriet (Heliker) Ben- ham, natives of New York state. They emigrated west in the early days, and came to Wisconsin, and later removed to Minne- sota, remaining but a short time, when they went still farther west to Montana, where the father died, on May 30, 1906, having spent forty years in Montana. Mr. and Mrs. Hardy are the par- ents are thirteen children : Harriet (deceased) ; Edith, of Min- neapolis ; Flora, now Mrs. Hennings, of North Dakota; Matilda 948 HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY J., married to Gust Anderson, of Featlierstone ; William (de- ceased); Ethel, of Minneapolis; Albert, Jr., living at home; Edward, of Minneapolis; Mabel, at home; Helen, at home; Arthur, at home; and Cyrus and George (deceased). Mr. Hardy has been in Goodhue county for twenty-five years. Eleven years he spent in Douglass county. He lias a farm of forty-seven acres in Featlierstone township and rents 200 acres, where he carries on general farming and dairying, keeping from fifteen to twenty cows for the purpose. He is a member of the G. A. R. Post of Red Wing and is a Republican in politics. He and his family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. J. A. Edstrom, whose father was the second man to take up land in Leon township, has been town clerk twenty-three years, county commissioner six years, assessor four years, and has held school office since nineteen years of age. He carries on general farming as he has for many years past, owning 485 acres, 135 of which is in Leon township. The subject of this sketch was born in the province of Smaland, Sweden, July 12, 1848, son of M. A. and Mary E. (Jackson) Edstrom, who first located in Illi- nois, and one year later came up the Mississippi by boat to Red Wing, May 11, 1855, at that time a pioneer village. There they lived on the levee in tents for some weeks, and then came to Leon township and pre-empted 160 acres on Section 21, where they erected a cabin and started bringing the wilderness under- cultivation. The Edstroms were true pioneers, and had many thrilling experiences. In the winter of 1856, 200 Sioux camped near the farm, and though carefully watched stole hay and pro- visions, and even helped themselves to seed corn which the fam- ily was carefully hoarding for planting the following spring. During the first years of their residence in Leon the Edstroms hauled grain to Red AYing by ox team, and on one occasion, when the family provisions were running low, the father shouldered fifty pounds of flour and carried it all the way from Red Wing to the homestead, a distance of twenty-two miles. M. A. Ed- strom did some carpenter and blacksmith work, but devoted the greater part of his life to farming. He died January 18, 1890, and his wife preceded him to her grave, September 12, 1887. J. A. was educated in the primitive public schools, was brought up on the farm, and has always made farming his business. He was married in 1872 to Matilda Magnusson, daughter of C. M. and Ellen Magnusson, natives of Sweden, who located in Goodhue county in 1865, and in Leon township in 1867. Her father died in 1908, at the advanced age of ninety years, and the mother passed away in 1904. The three children of Mr. and Mrs. Edstrom are: A. M., who has been a merchant, but now is farming at Randolph; Agnes, who for some time attended the Red AVing HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 949 Seminary, now married to Theodore G. Hultgreen, a Chicago rail- road man, and Frances, a school teacher who has received the advantages of an education in the Cannon Palls high school. The family faith is that of the Swedish Lutheran church. Charles Edstrom, of Leon township, was born in Sweden, Feb- ruary 14, 1850, son of Magnus A. and Mary E. Edstrom, natives of Sweden,, who came to the United States in 1854 and settled in Henry county, Illinois, remaining over winter, after which they came to Minnesota, traveling by boat up the Mississippi river and landing at Red Wing, where there was at that time only a small group of houses. They went on to Leon township and pre- empted land in Section 21 and engaged in farming until the death of the father in 1890. The mother died in 1887. They had seven children, all of whom are alive. John A., a farmer of Leon township ; Christine, married to Aarn Larson, of St. Paul ; August, of Belle Creek; Mary, married to Charles Jackson, of Vasa township ; Axel, living in Vasa ; Ferdinand F., of Leon town- ship ; and Charles, the subject of this sketch. Charles attended the public school of the township and worked on the farm with his father. While working at home he often drove cattle to Red Wing for ten cents a trip, the trip taking two nights and a day. Later he engaged in farming for himself, and purchased 120 acres which he improved and developed, and where he now lives, carrying on general farming. He was married, in 1876, to Chris- tine Onstad, daughter of Ragnald J. and Martha (Iverson) Onstad, who came to America in the early days and settled in Chicago, 111., remaining for three years, after which they came to Leon township and engaged in farming, which they have since continued. They had nine children, all of whom are living. Mr. and Mrs. Edstrom have been blessed with four children : Emma, married to Joseph Swenson, of Wanamingo township; Arthur, who lives at home ; Susie, married to Selmer Hommedalil, of Wanamingo; and Frederick, who is at home. Mr. Edstrom is a Republican in his political views, and has served as supervisor and on the school board. The family are members of the Swedish Lutheran church. K. K. Esterby, was born in Leon township, where he still resides, January 24, 1867, son of Knut and Rannei (ILougo) Esterby, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1863, stopped one year in Fillmore county and then moved to Zum- brota, where they remained for a short time, subsequently coming to Leon township, where they bought 160 acres, and carried on general farming until the death of the father, July 6, 1900, the mother having passed away in 1877. K. K. Esterby received his education in the common schools of Leon and worked on the farm with his father up to the time of his death, when he came 950 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY in possession of the farm, which he improved and on which he erected a new house. He now owns 194 acres in Leon township, 160 acres under cultivation, and has carried on general farming and stock raising.- Mr. Esterby was married in 1901 to Martha Berg, daughter of Iver and Martha Berg, natives of Norway. They have seven children, four living in Wisconsin and three in Minnesota. They came to America, settling in Wisconsin, and in 1902 removed to the home of their daughter, Mrs. Esterby, in Leon township, where they have lived most of the time, but have also occasionally stopped with their .children in Wisconsin. Mr. and Mrs. Esterby have five children : Clarence, Edwin, Ida, Olga and Clara, all living at home. Mr. Esterby is a Republican in his political views, and he and his family attend the Norwegian Lutheran church. Frank Ferdinand Edstrom, a farmer of Leon township, has been town clerk five years. Lie was born July 22, 1866, on the old homestead where he now resides, and after finishing the course in the common schools of his neighborhood took up' farm- ing, which he has since continued. He owns 126' acres on which lie conducts general farming and stock raising, selling both cream and butter. He is a Republican in politics, is interested in public affairs, and, being a thorough believer in the advantages of a good education, lias served on the school board several terms. He was married December 15, 1897, to Hanna Olson, daughter of Swan Olson, of 1416 Twelfth street, Red Wing. To this union have been born five children, Reuben L., Mildred E., Russell F., Llarvey L. and Yerna E. The family faith is that of the Swedish Lutheran church. Since taking possession of the home place, Frank F. Edstrom has conducted many improvements and altera- tions, including the building of a new house and barn, replacing the original buildings erected by his father, Magnus Edstrom, who settled here in 1855. Mr. Edstrom is a good man, a good farmer and a good citizen, and is well liked by the people of the community at large. August Haggstrom was born in Leon township, where he still resides, April 9, 1860, son of C. A. and Martha C. (Johnson) Haggstrom, who came to America in 1854 and located in Andover, 111., where they remained for one year, after which they came up the Mississippi river by boat, landing at Red AYing, where they lived a short time. In 1855 they removed to Leon township and took up a homestead which the father broke and. improved, and built a log-cabin, at a cost of $2.40 in cash, in which cabin the Swedish Lutheran Conference of the state held their meeting in 1859. He followed general farming until he retired in 1894, when he erected a fine house, where he lived up to the time of his death, October 4, 1904, at the age of seventy-eight years. He served as HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY S)5I supervisor of the township for several years. The mother died January 30, 1905, at the age of seventy-seven. Mr. Haggstrom took charge of the farm in 1894 and made many improvements, building a new home and other outbuildings necessary. He now carries on general farming and stock raising. He was married in 1894 to Melinda Larson, of Rice county, daughter of Simeon and Christina Larson, who came to America in 1870 and located in Vasa township, but later removed to Holden township, where the father engaged in the carpenter’s trade. Mr. and Mrs. Hagg- strom have five children : Arthur E., Ephriam, Elmer, Clarence and Myrtle. Mr. Haggstrom is a Republican in his political views, and has served as assessor for five years, also as chairman of the board for three years. He has also been clerk of the school board of district No. 48 since 1882. The family attends the Swedish Lutheran church. K. K. Hougo, who was. born in Hallingdol, Norway, April 7. 1840, came to this country in 1861. In 1862 he purchased forty acres in Minneola, which he sold in 1864, and bought his present place of 160 acres in Leon township one year later. To shelter himself and his parents, he first erected a sixteen by sixteen cabin, which constituted the family residence until 1869 when a larger cabin, sixteen by twenty-four, was constructed. In 1890, the present comfortable home was erected. Mr. Hougo has brought the wild land to a high state of cultivation, having 120 of the 160 acres under the plow. On this land he carries on gen- eral farming and stock raising. In addition to his Goodhue county property he owns 240 acres in Mahnomen county, this state, upon which reside his children, Mons and Annie. Mr. Hougo has been for many years an independent voter and lias served on the town board, lias been justice of the peace and con- stable, and has held school office for over twenty years. With the exception of two years he has been a member of the board of directors of the Leon Farmers’ Fire Insurance Company since 1876, and was one of the organizers of that company. Mr. Hougo was married in 1877 to Martha Munson, daughter of Mons and Annie (Olson) Munson. The former, a spry and healthy old lady, is still living at the good old age of eighty-nine years. To Mr. and Mrs. Hougo have been born ten children, of whom seven are living: Mons, Gerena, Knut, Annie, Marie, Andrew and Clara. The family faith is that of the Norwegian Lutheran church. Mr. and Mrs. Knut Llougo. parents of K. K. Hougo, came to America in 1863 and joined their son, who came over some time before. They spent the remainder of their days on the Hougo homestead, the father dying at the age of eighty-four years and the mother at the age of sixty-seven years. Before the arrival of Mr. Hougo ’s parents in this country, he lived with 952 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Locke, for whom he worked. They treated the stranger as though he were their own son, and Mr. Hougo always looks back on their kindness with such gratitude that he feels toward them almost as he does toward his own parents. E. L. Otterness, of Leon township, was born in Norway, Sep- tember 7, 1840, son of Lars and Martha Otterness, natives of Norway. He received his education in the common schools of Norway, and came to Leon township in 1857 and joined his broth- er, who came in 1855. He remained with his brother, working on the farm for seven years, after which he purchased 160 acres of land in the township, where he built a small house and other buildings and improved the farm, carrying on general and diversi- fied farming. In 1866 he was married to Randi Bergman. Mr. and Mrs. Otterness have had seven children: Jensine (deceased) ; Lars of Minneapolis ; Bengt Lawrence, of Yellow Medicine county; Ingebor, of Leon, and Edward, living at home. Mr. Otterness has now retired from active life, and his son manages the farm and owns eighty acres of the homestead. Mr. Otterness is a Democrat in his political views, and has been assessor, super- visor for three years, and member of the school board for thirty years, but holds no office now. The family faith is that of the Norwegian Lutheran church. John Ring, of Leon township, is a fine example of the men who as poor boys came to this country to seek their fortunes, and by honest toil and frugal habits, succeeded in achieving con- siderable property and an honorable position in the community. He was born in Norway, July 13, 1861, son of Ever and Hendreka (Vardahl) Ring, who lived and died in the old country. It was in 1883 that John Ring came to America. He stayed at Chicago with his brother for a short time and then came to Leon town- ship, where he entered the employ of Gilbert Nelson, working on the farm in tne summertime and in the woods during the winter. He wooed and won the daughter of the household, Martha by name, and married her in 1887. Her parents who came to this county before the war, are now both dead. At once after his marriage, John Ring set at work with a will to become a man of means. In this he has succeeded, now owning one farm of 235 acres, known as Wood Lawn Stock and Grain Farm; an- other of 134 acres in this county, and one of 320 acres in Edmond county, South Dakota. Upon the farm where he lives he has erected some roomy buildings and conducts stock and general farming. He has an imported Belgian stallion, and is also a breeder of several high grades of cattle and swine. Being an intelligent farmer, he believes in a rotation of crops, and by the use of this method secures the best results from his land. Of his nine children, Hilda, the first born, is dead, while Anna, Joseph, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 953 Fletcher, George, Geneva, Frances, John Matthews and Hanna live at home. The members of the family attend the Norwegian Methodist church. Mons S. Urevig is a man of considerable prominence in the community wherein he resides. He has been nine years chairman of the township of Leon, three years assessor, ten years notary public, eighteen years school clerk and justice of the peace since 1884. In 1876 he was one of the incorporators of the Leon Mu- tual Fire Insurance Company, and has since been one of its directors, also serving thirteen years as its treasurer, a position he still holds. He is a prominent member of the Norwegian Lutheran church and a contributor to its support, being a public spirited and progressive citizen in every respect. Mons S. Urevig was born in Norway, March 31, 1848, son of Sever and Martha (Stene) Urevig, the former of whom died in that country. In 1861 mother and son set out for America and settled in Columbia county, Wisconsin, for three and a half years. In 1864 they came to Goodhue county, and settled in Holden township. In 1872, Mr. Urevig came to Leon township, and for one year rented a farm. He then purchased his present place of 150 acres, thirty of which is timber land and the remainder plowed land. Here he carries on general farming and raises graded stock. Mr. Urevig was married in 1871 to Gertrude Flom, daughter of Ever Flom, a blacksmith, avIio spent his latter years in Holden town- ship. Mr. and Mrs. Urevig are the parents of six children : Sever lives in Goodhue township, this county; Edward farms in Mah- nomen county, Minnesota ; Martin is at home ; Minnie, who died in 1904, was married to J. A. Jacobson ; Louise died June 28, 1909, and Mabel, wife of Peter Strom, is on a homestead in North Dakota. Mrs. Urevig died in November, 1903. G. V. Young is another of those men who were born and brought up in this county, and have since spent their days here. He first saw the light of day in Leon township, October 20, 1868, son of S. A, and Johanna (Johnson) Young, natives of Sweden, who came to Illinois in the early days, and after staying there for a time came up the river by boat to Red Wing. The father worked in the woods for a while and then homesteaded land in Leon township. Aside from farming, he engaged in the real estate business, and at. one time was the possessor of 1,280 acres in this county and 160 in Blue Earth county, this state. He died in 1899, his wife having passed away in 1889. G. Y. Young was brought up on the farm, attended the public schools (and also attended school at Northfield and a business college at Red Wing), afterward taking up farming. He now owns 215 acres of good land, upon which he carries on general farming and stock raising. A Republican in politics, he has served on the 954 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY school board and is always the friend of every good movement, being a fine example of the worthy sons of the early pioneers. He was married October 23, 1907, to Selma E. Swanson, daughter of M. N. and Eva (Enberg) Swanson, who, like the Youngs, were early settlers in the county. Edward G. Otterness was born in the township of Leon, where he still resides, February 4, 1870, son of Guttorm and Martha Otterness, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1855 and located in Koshkonung, AYis., for a short time, coming in 1856 to Leon township, where the father purchased a farm, which he broke and improved, brought to a high degree of cultivation, built a home, and carried on general farming, which he has since continued, being one of the prosperous farmers of Leon town- ship. In early days he lived among the Indians and suffered all the hardships of pioneer life, working hard to till the soil and hauling grain to Red AYing. There were nine children born to Mr. and Mrs. Otterness, of whom four are living: Peder, a farmer of AYanamingo; Lars, a farmer of Kenyon township; Annie ; and Edward, the subject of this sketch. Edward received his education in the common schools of the township, and now carries on general farming and stock raising, having attained con- siderable success. He is a genial, hard-working man, always ready to do his share in anything that tends to the betterment of the community. He is a Republican in politics and attends the Lutheran church. Bernt Swenson, of AYarsaw township, was born in Norway, September 4, 1849, son of Sven and Maran (Holst) Swensen, natives of Norway, who were content to remain in their native land, where the father died in 1863 and the mother in 1892. Bernt Swensen received his education in the schools of Norway, and after leaving school worked at farming and carpentering, and was also a sailor. He came to America in 1883 and located in AYesley, Iowa, where the worked for three years, after which he purchased eighty acres of land and later added eighty more, and carried on farming. In 1903 he sold out and came with his family to Minnesota, settling in AYarsaw township, where he bought 336 acres of land and later sold all but 170 acres, which he has improved and where he carries on general farming and dairying, also raising fine horses and cattle. He also owns 213 acres of improved land in Canada. Mr. Swensen was married May 12, 1876, to Maran Helen Gronseth, daughter of Martin and Anna Gronseth, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1887, settling in Duluth, where the mother still lives, the father having died .in 1895. Mr. and Mrs. Swenson have six children : Martin, a farmer in Iowa ; Swany, a farmer in Canada ; Carl, a farmer in Canada ; Annetta, married to J. Roisum, living in Rice county ; HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 955 Arthur and William B., living at home, Mr. Swensen is a Repub- lican and is interested in the Farmers’ Elevator at Dennison, also the Farmers’ Telephone Company. He and his family are com- municants of Yang’s United Lutheran church, of which Mr. Swen- sen is a trustee. Christopher T. Lykken Avas born in Warsaw toAvnship on the farm where he now lives, January 15, 1867, son of Torger and Gertrude (Williams) Lykken, natives of' NorAvay. The father came to America in 1854, the mother in 1864. The father located in Wisconsin, where he Avorked at farming and in the pineries for eight years. In 1862 he came to Minnesota, and settled in Holden toAvnship, purchasing eighty acres of Avild land, which he broke and improved, carrying on farming until 1867, Avhen he sold this land and bought 160 acres in Warsaw township, which he cleared and built a home and outbuildings, carrying on gen- eral farming. In 1884 he added eighty acres, and in 1904 he retired, placing the charge of the farm in the hands of his son. Christopher received his education in the public schools of War- saAV, and attended public school at Northfield for one year, after which he returned to the farm and in 1904 took charge of the old homestead. Since that date he lias carried on general farm- ing, stock raising and dairying. Mr. Lykken has four sisters and tAvo brothers: The sisters are: Jennie, married to A. ITuseby, of North Dakota; Annie, aaJio is in the millinery business of North Dakota; Mary, married to Christ Haugen, of WarsaAv; and Dena, living at home. The brothers are : Anton, Avho is Irving at home, and Gilbert, who died in 1902. In politics, Mr. Lykken is a Democrat, being treasurer of school district No. 51, which office he has held for tAvelve years. He is A r ice president of the elevator company at Dennison, and is a member of the NorAvegian Lutheran church. Fraternally he affiliates Avith the Modern Woodmen, in which organization he has held the office of clerk. Jens H. Otterness, of Warsaw toAvnship, Avas born in Holden township, June 11, 1864, son of Id. R. and Bertha (Berkvan) Otterness, natives of NorAvay, aaJio came to America in 1857, locating in Wisconsin, where they lived seA r en years, after which they came to Warsaw township, purchased ninety-five acres of improved land and engaged in farming. The father noAv rents the farm, but still lives in the old home. The mother died April 20. 1907. Jens H. received his education in the Warsaw public schools, and worked at farming until 1895. He then entered the employ of the International Harvesting Machine Company, as salesman for Polk, Norman and Clay counties, remaining Avith. them for eight years. He then engaged in the mercantile busi- ness, with IT. A. Huseth, at Fertile, Minn., which he continued for four years, after Avhich he sold out and entered the employ 956 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY of the Reeves Threshing Machine Company, of Chicago, as sales- man and expert, until 1908, when he engaged in farming in War- saw township, renting 400 acres of land. He raises horses and cattle and sheep and does general farming. Mr. Otterness was married March 14, 1887, to Tliora Melhouse, daughter of Ole and Annie Melhouse, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1866, locating in Warsaw, and engaged in farming. The father is dead and the mother lives with her daughter. Mr. and Mrs. Otterness have had ten children: Nettie, married to Nels Flom; Henry Robert Evans, Oscar, Myrtle, Edward, Effie, Lillian, Stew- art, and .Clifford, living at home. Mr. Otterness is a Prohibition- ist in his political views. He was assessor in Norman county for eight years, is president of the Sogn Dairy Co-operative Associa- tion, and a stockholder in the Farmers’ Elevator at Bombay. Fraternally, he affiliates with the United Workmen and I. 0. G. T. He and his family attend the Norwegian Lutheran church. Ole J. Underdahl, a well known farmer of Warsaw township, now deceased, was born in Norway in February, 1832, and there received his education in the public schools, coming to America in 1866, locating first in-Wisconsin, where he remained two years, subsequently living in Wanamingo township, this county, one year. In 1869 he purchased 160 acres in Warsaw township and farmed until his death, March 5, 1909. Lie was married, January, 1863, to Martha Ellingson, daughter of Filing and Anna (Alfson) Ellingson, the former of whom died in Norway in 1850; long years after which, in 1896, the latter came to America and took up her home with her daughter. To Mr. and Mrs. Underdahl were born eight children, six of whom are living. Roy J. Under- dahl, the oldest son, lives on the home farm. He was born in Aurland, Norway, September 29, 1864, and received his education in the schools of his neighborhood. In September, 1896, he pur- chased 160 acres in Trail county, North Dakota, and lived there two years, after which he homesteaded a quarter section in Itasca county, this state. He next represented the Charlson Brothers, the Underdahl and the Otterness families in buying 800 acres in Mc- Lean county, North Dakota. All these purchases were disposed of, and for ten months Mr. Underdahl was employed as a salesman for the Marion Manufacturing Company, of Fargo, N. D. In 1908 he made a trip to Montana and purchased 160 acres which he now owns. Since his return to this township, September 29, 1908, he has been associated with his brother, John O., in the management of the home farm, and in addition to this is interested in the elevator at Cannon Falls and the Sogn Dairy Association. He has also taken an interest in church affairs and, like his father before him, is a trustee in the Norwegian Lutheran church. Filing, the second child of Ole J. Underdahl, is dead. John O. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY ' 957 is married, lives on the home farm, and in 1900 assisted in taking the government census. He was the first postmaster in Sogn, the postoffice being located in his father’s house. He also kept a general store at Sogn for one year. In addition to his farm work he writes considerable life insurance, and aside from his interest in the home farm he owns 160 acres of land in Minot, N. D., where he lived three years. Ingerborg, the fourth child of Ole J. Underdahl, is deceased. Anna married John Ohnstad, a clothier of Cannon Falls. Marie was a teacher for several years in the public schools of this county, and for two years .taught short- hand and typewriting at the Eclectic Business College, Minne- apolis. For the past three years she has worked for the Viavi Company of Minneapolis as office manager and traveling repre- sentative. Lizzie married Sever Charlson, of Warsaw township. Sena lives at home. All are well regarded by the people of the respective communities wherein they reside. Iver Iverson Rolfseng, of Wanamingo township, was born in Norway, August 29, 1840, son of Iver and Mareth. Rolfseng, na- tives of Norway, who were farmers. The father died in the spring of 1859 and the mother in the fall of 1901. Iver I. re- ceived his education in Norway and came to America in 1858, locating in Wanamingo township, where he purchased eighty acres of land in Section 13, which he broke and cleared. Later he bought another eighty acres, adjoining, and built a comfortable home and all other outbuildings and followed general farming. He also has eighty acres in Section 34. Mr. Rolfseng was mar- ried in the spring of 1863 to Elizabeth Swenson, native of Nor- way. They had one child, Mattie, born March 28, 1864. Mrs. Rolfseng died in 1865 and Mr. Rolfseng was married the second time, October 28, 1868, to Bereth Romo, native of Norway, by whom he had thirteen children: Elizabeth, born July 25, 1869, married to Carl Vangsness, of Belle Creek; Iver L., who died in infancy; Iver L., born December 17, 1871, living at home; Carl G., born October 26, 1893, living at home ; Gurina S., born October 20, 1875, married to Rev. O. J. Neslieim, of Lisbon, N. D. ; Gure- nius, born October 17, 1877, now of North Dakota; Julia, born December 5, 1879, now of Minot, N. D.; Theodore, born October 22, 1887, now of Minot N. D. ; Andrew, born March 1. 1884, now of Marmouth, Brown county, North Dakota; Louise E., born June 23, 1887 ; Benjamin, born September 17, 1889 ; Martin, born Sep- tember 22, 1891 ; and Gunhild, born July 26, 1893 ; the last four named are living at home. Mr. Rolfseng is a Republican in politics and has served as road overseer and director of the school board for District 99 for many years. The family attends the Ilauge Lutheran church. John I. Wangen was born in Warsaw township, where he still 958 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY lives, August 16, 1869, son of Iver Wangen and Iugeborg (Loven) AVangen, natives of Norway, who emigrated to America in 1864 and settled first at Stoughton, AA 7 is., remaining one year, subse- quently locating in Red Wing and later in Leon township, where the father farmed and worked at masonry. Again they moved, this time settling in Warsaw township, where they purchased eighty acres of land which the father broke and improved, and built a log house, in which they lived for a time. Later he built a more comfortable house, with barns and other outbuildings, and continued to improve the land, carrying on a general line of farming, adding to his land, as he was able, until he owned 200 acres in all. In 1899 they retired from active life, but continue to live on the homestead. John I. received his education in the common schools of the township and worked on the farm until in 1899, when he and his brother assumed the management of the homestead, improving and carrying on general farming and dairying. They also rent forty-six acres. In the family there were seven children, six boys and one girl. The boys are : Andrew I., who is a farmer in Becker county; Hans I., John I., Christian I., Elias I., and Martin I. The girl, Betsy I., died in 1889. Mr. Wangen is a Republican, having served as supervisor for one year, and treasurer of school district 147. He is also interested in the Farmers’ Elevator at Dennison. John T. Wangen, formerly known as Johannes Tostenson, enjoys the distinction of having been chairman of Warsaw town- ship twenty-two years. He Avas born in Aurlands Vangen, Ber- gens Stift, Norway, September 26, 1839, son of Tosten and Bret.a Wangen, the former of whom died in 1874 and the latter in 1864. He received his education in the public schools and clerked in a store in Bergen until coming to America in 1858. The voyage was long and dangerous, and the ship Avas disabled, making it doubt- ful at one time whether the passengers would ever reach the shore in safety. After working in Dane county, Wisconsin, and work- ing in a sawmill in the city of Winona, Minn., he came to Warsaw toAvnship in 1866 and bought 160 acres of land, which he broke, cultivated and improved. Previous to this, however, be -enlisted in the Civil War and served honorably from April 22, 1862, to April 22, 1865. Mr. Wangen hoav owns 270 acres of highly culti- vated land, and until 1906, Avhen he retired, conducted general farming and stock raising on a large scale. April 9, 1869, he was married to Carrie J. Buene, daughter of Jens and Ragnald Buene, the former of whom died in 1895 and the latter in 1897. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Wangen has been blessed with seven children : Thomas ; Betsy M., wife of AVilliam Dunn ; Roggine, wife of Anton Daniels; Joseph, wife of John Owoumb; and John, Jensine and Carl, who live on the farm. The family faith is HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 959 that of the Norwegian Lutheran church, Mr. AVangen having been trustee of the ErlancI church. Aside from his rich farm, Mr. Wangen owns an interest in the cheese factory and elevator at Stanton, and in the elevator at Dennison. For many years past he has been an honored member of the G. A. R. Post at Cannon Falls. Highly esteemed and honored, he is one of those citizens who go to make up the rank and file of the substantial, law-abiding and God-fearing citizens of Goodhue county. James L. Crump, of Warsaw township, was born in Canada, September 2, 1860, son of Michael and Elizabeth (Brownell) Crump, natives of Canada. The father, a farmer, came to Min- nesota in 1863, and located in Warsaw township, where he worked until in 1867, after which he purchased 160 acres of prairie land, which he broke and cleared, built a home and barn and Carried on general farming until he retired from active life in 1893. Four brothers arrived here from Canada a few years previous to James, and the youngest brother came here eight years later, in 1871. James Crump died October 27, 1899, but the mother is still living near Dennison, at the old homestead, at the old age of 83. James received his education in the public schools of AVar- saw and the Northfield high school. After leaving school, he took up farming at home until he was twenty-one years of age, when he purchased eighty acres of improved land and carried on dairy farming and stock raising. He also owns a half interest in the homestead, a farm of 160 acres. James is one of a family of six children : Hannah, married Martin Olson, farmer and lum- ft berman, now of Hubbard county, Minnesota; Emma, married Charles Saxe, now of Morris, Minn. ; Georgie, married Bradford Saxe, of Morris, Minn. ; Elizabeth lives at home ; Alice lives at home, and James is the subject of this sketch. Mr. Crump is a Republican in politics, and is a member of the Methodist Epis- copal church. He has served as clerk of the school district No. 51 for twelve years. Charles Monson, of Yasa township, was born in Sweden, April 27, 1853. His parents were Andrew and Nancy (Swanson) Mon- son, natives of Sweden, who came to America in 1856 and located in Vasa township, where they pre-empted government land, con- sisting of 160 acres which the father broke and cleared, living in a dugout for a year. Later the father built a log house, and car- ried on general farming increasing his land until he had 210 acres, and also improving by erecting a more comfortable home and other outbuildings. Three years before his death he retired from active life. He died in the month of July, 1899. The mother perished in a snow storm on December 13, 1856, being lost on the prairie. The body was found by a searching party a few days later. Charles received his education in the district schools of 960 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Vasa, and worked on the farm with his father until 1875, when he bought 160 acres of land in Murray county, which he broke and improved. In 1879 he sold this land, returned home and located in Belle Creek township, where he purchased 120 acres of land in Section 21. Here he built a home and other buildings, and has since carried on general and diversified farming, also raising horses, cattle and sheep. Mr. Monson was married August 28, 1878, to Mary Hobart, daughter of Peter and Inger Hobart, natives of Sweden, who came to America in 1872 and located in St. Peter, Minn., later remov- ing to Vasa township, and again removed to Murray county, where they bought eighty acres of land and carried on general and diversified farming until their death. Mr. and Mrs. Monson have been blessed with ten children : Agnes, now of St. Paul ; Mrs. A. V. Anderson, of Belle Creek ; Hilman, Harry, Andrew, Esther, Edith and Mary X., and Elizabeth and Edgar (deceased). Mr. Monson is a Republican in his politics. The family faith is that of the Lutheran church. Swan G. Jackson, of Belle Creek township, was born in Sweden December 2, 1870, son of John and Anna L. Jacobson, natives of Sweden, who emigrated to America in the spring of 1871, located in Leon township, and after six months came to Belle Creek township and purchased eighty acres of land, of which fourteen acres was improved and the rest all timber. This the father proceeded to clear, the family living in a dugout at first. As soon as they were able they built a home, barn and other build- ings, and carried on a general line of farming until the father died, in 1901. The mother still lives on the homestead with her son. Swan G. received his education in the' public schools of Belle Creek and worked on the farm with his father, and .in 1901, at the death of his father, he took charge of the farm, carrying on general farming and dairying. Mr. Jackson is a Republican in politics, and is a member of the Good Templar’s lodge, of which he has been Chief Templar for three years. He is secretary of the Belle Creek Creamery and of the Belle Creek Co-operative Mercantile Company, which office he has held since their organization. He is also a stockholder of the Farmers’ Elevator at Goodhue. Mr. Jackson has one brother, who is a farmer in Vasa. Ole O. Odden, of Belle Creek township, was born in Norway March 15, 1835, and came to America in 1851, locating in Dane county, Wisconsin, where he remained six years. In 1860 he came to this county and purchased eighty acres in Belle Creek. To this he soon added eighty more, now owning a fine farm of 160 acres, and in addition a ten-acre timber tract. On this place he conducts general farming and raises horses and cattle. In HISTORY OR GOODHUE COUNTY 9G1 1880 the family moved to Red Wood county, Minn., and lived five years, breaking and improving .160 acres and owning in addition forty acres of timber claim. He disposed of his Red Wood property in 1885 and returned to the home place in Belle Creek township, where he has since remained. He was mar- ried in the fall of 1861 to Anna Larson, by whom he has had twelve children, Ole, Mary, Ingeborg, Lizzie, Salvina E., Elling, John, Andrew, Laura, Lars 0., Reinert J. and Elling. Lars 0. Odden, son of Ole 0. and Anna (Larson) Odden, was born in Belle Creek township and received his education in the schools of his neighborhood. He also had the advantages of a course in the Red Wing Business College. While the greater part of his life has been devoted to farming and thresh- ing, he has, nevertheless, found time to take an interest in public affairs. He was assessor in 1905. In 1900 he took the govern- ment census and in 1901 was elected justice of the peace of Belle Creek township, which office he held for four years. He has been chairman of the Republican town committee for the past five years. Lie is a member of the Sons of Norway and of the Red Men. Lars 0. Odden was married April 21, 1906, to Ingerborg Stormoe, daughter of Rollang and Jonnetta Stormoe, natives of Norway. Two children have blessed this union, Ralph 0., born March 31, 1907, and Alf J., born February 22, 1908. James O’Neill, Jr., of Belle Creek township, was born in New York state December 22, 1852, and was brought to this county by his parents while still an infant. He received his educa- tion in the public schools of his neighborhood and took up farm- ing with his father until 1871, when he purchased eighty acres of land and carried on general farming until 1908, when he took a vacation and made an extended Ansit to the West, taking in the principal points in Idaho, Montana, Oregon and the Dakotas. Since that time he has rented his farm and now lives with his brother. He is a Democrat in politics and has served on the school board a number of years. Fraternally he associates with the Modern Woodmen. James O'Neill, Sr., one of the earliest settlers of Belle Creek, was born in County Wexford, Ireland, and married Margaret Edwards. He came to America in 1848 and lived in New York state three or four years. Subsequently he resided a few years in Illinois, and in July, 1854, came to Belle Creek and purchased 160 acres of land, which he broke and improved. Later he purchased 160 acres more, and upon this large farm carried on general agricultural pursuits until his retirement, in 1894. Mr. O’Neill is still living, at the honored old age of eighty-eight years, being one of the very few actual pioneers of the county now alive. When he arrived many of the townships were still 962 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY unsettled, and Red AVing was a tiny village. He has watched the county grow from a barren wilderness in which life at best was accompanied by all sorts of hardships, into a blossoming and fruitful land, with busy cities and thriving hamlets, and with all the luxuries within the reach of all, even those of the most modest means. In March, 1901, he was called upon to mourn the loss of the partner of his toil and wife of his youth. Three of his five children are still living to give him comfort in his old age. James, Jr., is a retired farmer; John lives in Washington county, Minnesota, and owns a large farm; Anna, born in 1856, was the third white child born in Belle Creek township, the other two being, according to the records, May Cook, born in August, 1855, to Jacob Cook, and John Cavanaugh, born in November, 1855, to Patrick Cavanaugh. Charles, the third son of James O’Neill, Sr., is dead, and Henry lives on the old homestead with his father. The family faith of the O’Neills is that of the Roman Catholic church. Erick 0. Hagman, of Belle Creek township, was born in Yasa township October 1, 1864, son of Ole and Mary (Munson) Hag- man, natives of Sweden, who came to America in 1861 and lo- cated in Yasa township. Here they bought forty acres of wild prairie land, which the father broke, cleared and improved, built a home, barn and other outbuildings and carried on general farming for twenty years, after which he removed to Belle Creek township and continued farming on a farm of 133 acres, which he purchased in 1865. The father died in March, 1891, and the mother in February, 1908. Erick 0. received his educa- tion in the public schools of Yasa and worked on the farm with his father until 1889, when he rented 133 acres from his father in Belle Creek and started general farming and stock raising, which he has since successfully conducted. He has five brothers and four sisters. The brothers are : Andrew 0., now of North Dakota; John R., and Ole R., living at home; Henry, now of Cannon Falls, and Peter, now of AAHiite Rock. The sisters are: Annie, married to Peter Holm, now of Douglass county; Betsy, married to Swan AVaganeus, of Belle Creek; Carrie, married to Claus Lind, employed by the Chicago, Minneapolis & St. Paul railroad at Minneapolis; Christina, married to Peter Ferstad, of Belle Creek. Mr. Hagman is a Republican in politics, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal church of Yasa. Andrew M. Anderson, of Belle Creek township, was born in Sweden December 24, 1842, son of Andrew and Betsy (Olson) Anderson, natives of Sweden, where the father was a blacksmith and wagon maker. He died September 26, 1856, the mother having passed away in October, 1848. Andrew received his edu- cation in Sweden and worked at farming until June 1, 1864, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 963 wlien he left his native land and emigrated to America, landing at Quebec August 3. He went to Chicago, where he stopped two days, then went to Michigan and was employed in the copper mines for nine months, after which he came to Red AYing, where he was employed as stone mason from 1865 to 1867. He then removed to Leon township, and sis months later purchased eighty acres of wild land in Belle Creek township, which he improved, erecting a house, barn and outbuildings. He now does general farming and raises Cylde horses and Shorthorn cattle, owning in addition to his farm seventeen acres of timber land in Vasa township. Mr. Anderson was married June 1, 1868, to Betsy Johnson, daughter of Olaf and Margaret (Paulson) Johnson, natives of Sweden, who came to America in 1858, locating in St. Peter, Minn., where he pre-empted land, and in 1862 was forced by the Indians to leave, losing everything, and he and his family barely escaping with their lives. They then settled in Belle Creek township, where the father died in 1900, the mother having passed away in 1881. Andrew M. and Betsy Anderson had four children: Julia A., married to John Ander- son, a business man of Red Wing; Anton F., of Red AYing; Lawrence G., living at home ; Arthur A., of Red AA T ing. February 6, 1889, the mother of these children died, and in the fall of 1894 Mr. Anderson married Ililma Josephine Swanson, daughter of Swan and Lizzie (Larson) Swanson, natives of Sweden, where they were farmers. The father died April 22, 1909, and the mother died December 25, 1904. To this marriage three children were born : Hattie Josephine, Nancy Julia and Clarence Gerhard, all living at home. Mr. Anderson is an independent voter. He has served as town supervisor for nine years, also treasurer for school district 38 for the long period of eighteen years, and road overseer. The family faith is that of the Swedish Lutheran church. Anton V. Anderson was born in Vasa October 31, 1873, son of John and Hannah (Hanson) Anderson, natives of Sweden, who came to America in 1868 and located in Arnsa township, where they purchased eighty acres of improved land and carried on general farming until 1875, when they sold, removed to Belle Creek township and bought 120 acres of land, where the subject of this sketch now lives. Here the father built a home and other buildings and carried on farming until his death, December 11, 1882. In 1888 the mother was married to P. M. Ljungren. Anton V. received his education in the public schools of Belle Creek, and afterward took a course at Beeman’s Business College, of Red AYing. He also attended the State Agricultural School in 1903 to 1906. During this time, in 1905, he took up farming on the old homestead. He has since continued agricultural opera- 964- IIIST OB Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY tions on a large scale, raising excellent crops, horses and dairy cattle. He believes in scientific farming, and all his farm ma- chinery is of the latest approved design. His progressiveness is shown by the fact that for the past year and a half he has used a milking machine which milks four cows at a time. Its power is furnished by a fine gasoline engine. Mr. Anderson is an up-to- date farmer in every way, standing in the front rank of those who have endeavored to better farm conditions in this county. February 11, 1907, he was married to Emma Monson, daughter of Charles and Mary (Hobart) Monson, both of whom are living in Belle Creek township. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson have two children : Leonard A., born December 3, 1907, and Edgar J., born January 22, 1909. Mr. Anderson is a Prohibitionist in his political views and has always taken an active interest in the welfare of his community, having held the positions of constable for four years and justice of the peace for the past six years. In 1908 he was a candidate on the Prohibition ticket for the state legislature. He has been president of the Belle Creek Mercantile Co-operative Company since 1904, and of the Belle Creek Creamery since 1901. He is a member of the Good Templar’s Mutual Benefit Association of Wisconsin, and he and his family belong to the Swedish Lutheran church. Johannes Boraas, a substantial farmer, of Belle Creek town- ship, was born in Norway March 18, 1850, son of John and Eliza- beth (Storset) Boraas, who came to America in 1866 and located in Minneola township, remaining until 1871, when they came to Belle Creek township. Here the father, in partnership with Johannes, purchased 130 acres of land and carried on general farming until his death, in November, 1893, the mother having died many years before. Johannes received his education in the schools of Norway, and came to this country in 1866 with his parents. Since his father’s death he has added eighty acres to the original purchase of 130 acres, and on this farm he carries on general agricultural operations. He was married June 30, 1871, to Ellen Anna, daughter of Erick P. and Anna Hegge, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1867 and located in Minneola township, where they engaged in farming for the remainder of their life. To Johannes and Ellen Boraas have been born thirteen children. The oldest, Prof. Julius, is super- intendent of county schools ; Anna is the wife of Rev. O. J. Marken, of Lac qui Parle county, this state ; Lena is the wife of Prof. E. O. Ellingson, of Northfield, Rice county, this state; Ingmar is superintendent of the high school at Ida, Norman county, this state; Joseph, married to Mary Nerison, is a farmer in Belle Creek; Julia, a normal school graduate, is a school teacher; Lydia, Nora, Justinus, Esther, Ethel and Herman are HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 965 at liome. The family faith is that of the Norwegian Lutheran church. Erick P. Erickson is now serving his second term as a member of the board of supervisors of Belle Creek township and has been on the school board for a number of years. He was born in Sweden November 12, 1867, and received his education in the schools of his native land, also in Rock Island, 111., where he lived from 1884 to 1887. He has devoted his time to farming since early boyhood, and still continues in that occupation, with his father and brother in this township, making his home with his parents. Politically he is an independent voter and fra- ternally he associates with the Modern Woodmen, the Royal Neighbors and the Red Men. Peter and Betsy (Johnson) Erick- son, parents, of Erick P., came from Sweden to America in 1884, and after remaining in Rock Island, 111., three years, came to Belle Creek, where the father, in company with his four sons, rented 320 acres of land, upon which they have since conducted general farming and stock raising. In the family are four brothers and three sisters. Erick P. is the oldest. John P. was born March 24, 1869 ; Carl P. was born December 14, 1870, and lives in San Francisco; Nels P. was born July 24, 1874, and died November 20, 1907 ; Ellen was born January 31, 1877, and lives in St. Paul; while Margaret, born November 14, 1878, and Anna, born April 2, 1881, both live at home. The family faith if the Ericksons is that of the Swedish Lutheran church. Waif red Anderson, of Belle Creek township, was born in Sweden November 20, 1852, son of Andrew and Catherine An- derson, natives of Sweden, who came to America July 3, 1864, locating in Leon township, where they purchased eighty acres of land, remaining until I860, when they sold and purchased 120 acres in Belle Creek township, section 19, which the father broke and improved, following general farming until his death, January 19, 1908, at the age of eighty-nine years. The mother died February 12, 1893. Walfred received his education in the common schools and worked on the farm with his father. In 1877 he took charge of the old homestead, made many improve- ments, built a new house and barn and has since followed general farming. In addition to his farm, upon which he resides, he otos 101 acres adjoining and fifty acres of timber land in Leon township, a total of 271 acres. Mr. Anderson was married No- vember 26, 1880, to Christine Johnson, daughter of John and Johannah Johnson, natives of Sweden. They came to America in 1854, locating in Chicago, where they remained for two years, after which they came to Leon township and took up a claim of 160 acres and engaged in farming until the father’s death, five years later. The mother died in July, 1883. Mr. and Mrs. Ander- 966 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY son have four children: Selma married Arthur Swenson, who has a share in the G. 0. Miller & Co. store at White Rock, where he resides ; Alice, Clifton and Whilmer live at home. Mr. Ander- son is a Republican in politics, has held the office of supervisor for seven years, and has been director on the school board for twelve years. He owns stock in the Farmers’ Elevator at Good- hue and in the Belle Creek Creamery. Mr. Anderson has achieved success through his own efforts. John CJ. Jacobson was born in Belle Creek township Septem- ber 15, 1872, son of Colbin and Mary (Burg) Jacobson, natives' of Norway, who emigrated to America in 1870, locating in Illinois, where the father was employed at form work.” In 1871 they removed to Minnesota, settled in Belle Creek township and purchased eighty acres of wild land, which the father broke and improved, built a home and other buildings, and carried on general farming and stock raising. He has now retired and his son, Aron 0., manages the farm. John C. received his education in the public schools of Belle Creek and worked at home on the farm until 1896, when he bought eighty acres in Belle Creek township, where he has made many improvements and carries on farming and stock raising. Mr. Jacobson was married November 15^ 1896, to Hilda C. Vanberg, daughter of Charles and Augusta (Erickson) Vanberg. The mother was a native of Sweden and the father of America. They farmed in Goodhue county until the death of the father, in 1877. The mother is now living in California. Mr. and Mrs. Jacobson have three children: Mabel A., born August 16, 1897; Conrad H. J.,_ born February 16, 1900, and Esther A., born September 20, 1901. Mr. Jacobson is a Republican in politics, and is serving his second term as town supervisor. He is also a stockholder in the Farmers’ Elevator of Goodhue. The family attend the Norwegian Lutheran church. John P. Marn, proprietor of Belle Rock Farm, of Belle Creek, was born in Wisconsin August 2, 1857, son of John and Louise Peterson, natives of Sweden, who came to America in 1845, set- tling in Boston, Mass., where they remained until 1849, when they emigrated west to California, the father engaging in pros- pecting for four years, after which he returned to Boston, and removed to Wisconsin the same year, locating at Stoughton. Here he purchased eighty acres of land, of which a part was improved. They remained in Wisconsin until 1862, after which the father sold his farm and moved to Minnesota, settling in Leon township, where he bought eighty acres of prairie land, which he improved, and carried on general farming, built a home and other buildings necessary, remaining twelve years. In 1874 he sold and came to Belle Creek township and purchased 160 acres of land, which he improved in many ways. The father HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 9G7 died in 1902 and the mother in 1901. John P. received his educa- tion in the public schools and the Swedish parochial schools and worked on the farm with his father until in 1880, when he took up a homestead of 160 acres of land in Dakota territory, which he proved up, and bought 160 acres more, built a home and all buildings necessary and carried on general farming for fourteen years, after which he returned to Belle Creek township on account of the death of his brother, to assume the management of his father’s farm, which he has since continued, carrying on general farming and stock raising, also making a specialty of dairying. He has now under construction a barn 36x64. Mr. Mark was married March 15, 1880, to Christine Anderson, of Red Wing, daughter of Peter and Katie Anderson, natives of Sweden, who came to America in 1870 and located at Red Wing, where the father worked at various labprs. The mother died in 1892, but the father is still living with his daughter. Mr. and Mrs. Mark have been blessed with five children: Louise C., Chester, Levi E., Inez II. and Ward J. Mr. Mark has held several prom- inent offices, and is a member of the Episcopal church. Fra- ternally he affiliates with the A. O. U. W. John P. Schweiger was born in Belle Creek township Febru- ary 5, 1871, son of Henry and Martha C. (Chandler) Schweiger, who were natives of Canada and Maine. The father, a farmer, came to Minnesota in October, 1855, landed at Red Wing and located in Belle Creek township, where he purchased 160 acres of land, a part of which was improved. He continued to improve, erecting a home and other buildings, and carried on general farming and stock raising. He added more land from time to time until he had 285 acres, which he managed until his death, July 5, 1907, at the age of sixty-six years. He was treasurer of the township and school district many years. The mother resides on the homestead with her son, the subject of this sketch. John P. received his education in the Belle Creek schools and worked with his father on the farm until 1907, when he assumed the management of the homestead. He has one sister, Louisa Ellen, living at home, and one brother, Carl B., also living at home, working on the farm with liis brother. Mr. Schweiger is an independent voter. He is a stockholder in the Belle Creek Creamery. Fraternally he affiliates with the M. W. A., venerable council, and holds the office of advisor. The family faith is that of the Episcopal church. J. Albert Swanson was born in Belle Creek township February 1, 1860, son of John F. and G. Albertina (Carlson) Swanson, natives of Sweden, who came to America in 1851, settling in Boston, Mass., where the father worked at his trade of shoe- making until 1858, when they emigrated west to Minnesota, 968 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY and settled in Yasa township, where they took up a homestead of 160 acres of land, which the father broke, cleared and im- proved, remaining there until 1865, when they removed to Belle Creek and bought a farm consisting of 160 acres, of which Gustaf Carlson owned a half interest, and carried on a general line of farming. Later Mr. Swanson purchased Mr. Carlson’s interest. J. A. Swanson received his education in the public schools of Belle Creek and worked on the home farm, where he still remains. J. F. Swanson, the father, died in 1902 and his wife is still liv- ing. J. A. is one of four children, of whom two are living. Mary Louise and Emma C. are dead, and C. E. and Albert live on the farm. Albert was married in 1886 to Elizabeth 'Smithson, daughter of Robert and Sarah Smithson, natives of England, who emigrated to America in 1858 and settled in Belle Creek township, where they purchased 320 acres of land and have since carried on general farming. The father, Robert Smithson, died in 1906 and the mother in 1874. To Albert Swanson and his wife have been born nine children, of whom the six living are: Arnold, Charlotte, Gladys, Harold, Raymond and Laura. The Swanson brothers are Republican in politics, and attend the Swedish Lutheran church. Hans Mattson, pioneer and soldier, was born December 23, 1832, in Onnestad, Skane, Sweden; died March 5, 1893. The “North,” at the time of his death, gave the following biography of him: “He received a good education in Kristianstad; served a year and a half in the Swedish army as cadet of the artillery. Emigrated in the spring of 1851, arriving at Boston June 29. Suffered in the hardships and disappointments incident to igno- rance of the English language, and inability to perform hard manual labor. Went west to Illinois in 1852, settling the next year in Minnesota, which henceforth remained his home. Was married in 1855 at Yasa, Goodhue county, Minnesota, to Cherstin Peterson, who, Avith five children, survives him. Quit farming and Avent into mercantile business, but was caught in the crisis of 1857. Read law at Red Wing and was admitted to the bar, but soon gaA r e up practice to become county auditor of Goodhue county. Commenced to take active part in politics as a Repub- lican. During the summer of 1861 organized a company of young Goodhue county SAvedes and Norwegians, with Avliom, in the fall, he reported at Fort Snelling, Avas elected its captain and Avent south with the Third Regiment in November. Was pro- moted to major the folloAving year; was on his Avay back after having been home, sick, on furlough, when the regiment sur- rendered at Murfeesboro. AYas made lieutenant colonel after the surrender of Vicksburg, and in April, 1863, was promoted to colonel, remaining in command of the regiment until September HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 969 16, 1865, when it was mustered out at Fort Snelling, Minn. Assisted in establishing ‘Svenska Amerikanaren ’ in Chicago. Was in 1867 appointed secretary of the Minnesota board of emigration, returning on his first visit to Sweden in 1868. Was in 1869 elected secretary of state for Minnesota, but left before the expiration of his term with his family for Sweden, as general agent in northern Europe for the Northern Pacific Railroad Com- pany. Returned to the United States early in 1876. Was elected a presidential elector the same year. Helped establish ‘Svenska Tribunen,’ of Chicago, having previously commenced the publi- cation of the Minnesota ‘Stats Tidning, ’ at Minneapolis, with which latter he remained identified until 1881. On July 2, 1881, was appointed consul general to India. Filled this important position with great credit for two. years, when he returned home and tendered his resignation. Was appointed manager of a land grant company in New Mexico and Colorado. In 1886 Avas elected secretary of state for Minnesota, and re-elected in 1888, sernung tAvo terms. In 1887 he organized the Security Savings and Loan Association, of Minneapolis, Avliose president he Avas at the time of his death. Tavo years later he formed a company for the publication of ‘The North.’ Was one of the principal pro- moters, in 1888, of the 250th anniversary celebration of the land- ing of the first Swedish settlers on the Delaware, and collected the addresses delivered on this occasion in a small souvenir. In 1891 AA^rote and published a volume of recollections, which in the Swedish version is knoAvn as ‘Minnen,’ while the English edition is entitled ‘The Story of an Emigrant.’ Mattson’s knoAAdedge Avas confined to no particular class of people. Swedish- Americans naturally looked up to him as a leader, for he possessed in an eminent degree many of the requirements of leadership.” The “Valkyrian” for August, 1897, says of Mattson: “His character ■shoAvs us, in general features, the product of the two factors, Swedish birth and education combined Avith a long and active life under the protection of the American flag. Very feAv SAve- dish- Americans have led such a romantic life as his. It Avas rich in sudden changes and neAV departures ; and behind the outlines of this life lay an interesting world which at first sight looked less important, but which in fact is more instructive to him avIio desires to study it in the light of the spirit of the times in which he most vigorously appeared as the Swedish pioneer in America.” Friedrich Busch was born October 8, 1839, in Reuthen, West- phalia, Germany. He attended the Catholic parochial school of his native place, later entered the Gymnasium of Brilon, at West- phalia, and afterward pursued higher studies at Muenster Avith the Jesuit Fathers. The opportunities of the United States 970 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY attracting liim, he came to Red Wing in 1860 and entered the employ of Friedrich & Hack. Some years later he went into business himself, under the firm name of Olson & Busch, groceries and dry goods, the business continuing for eleven years. In 1875 Mr. Busch left Red AYing and engaged in the hardware busi- ness in Mankato, Minn., under the firm name of Meagher & Busch. Ilis exceptional qualities as a financier became well known and the position of cashier in the First National Bank was offered him. This position he held until he was called to a wider field of operation as cashier in the Goodhue County Bank, at Red Wing, through the inducement of his elder brother, Will- iam. Mr. Busch in course of time became one of the directors, the largest stockholder and president of the bank, which posi- tion he held until compelled by ill health to resign, in 1906. Mr. Busch was connected with the following enterprises : President of Goodhue County Bank, president of the La Grange Mills, director in Red AYing Union Stoneware Company, director in Red AYing Sewer Pipe Company, director in Red Wing Hat Com- pany, and director in Red AYing Cigar Company. Mr. Busch was a heavy investor in farm lands in Goodhue and Pierce counties. He was a member of the German Roman Catholic Benevolent Society, of the Knights of Columbus, and of the Commercial Club. Mr. Busch was a devout member of the Roman Catholic church and deeply interested in church work. He died January 27, 1908, leaviug nine children : Joseph F., now Rev. J. F. Busch, director of Mission Band of the archdiocese of St. Paul; Mary, now Yen. Sr. M. Hildegard of Sisters of Christian Charity; Fried- rich A., residing at Red Wing; Clement, residing at Bismarck, N. D.; Francis, noAv with Jesuit Fathers, St. Louis, Mo., to be ordained three years hence ; Lucy, wife of Patrick W. McKasey, residing at Le Sueur, Minn.; William, now Rev. William Busch, assistant priest at St. Luke’s church, St. Paul; Bernard, student at St. Paul Seminary; Margaret, residing with her mother at St. Paul. Elias P. Lowater was born July 20, 1820, at Dunham, Canada, and in 1854 came to Red Wing, where he opened a shoe store, afterward conducting a book, stationery and jewelry business where the St. James hotel now stands, which he sold to Rosen- bloom & Sheldon and engaged in the grocery business on the corner of Fourth street and West avenue. He took an active part in the affairs of the little settlement that he found here, and in his store was discussed the future greatness of the recently settled village. To- Mr. Lowater, it is believed, belongs the credit for having proposed the introduction of the alley system, when the place was first platted and laid out. In politics he was a Republican, and held the office of postmaster in the early sixties. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 971 He was an earnest advocate of temperance, belonged to the Sons of Temperance and Good Templars, and was one of the founders of the Methodist church, to which he belonged for many years. He was married October 27, 1847, to Susan J. Melntire, of Han- over, N. TL, and six children blessed this union, three of whom are living: Wallis S., of Red Wing; Mrs. Fred Tebben, of Spokane, Wash., and Mrs. L. P. Cordell, of La Crosse, Wis. Effie, Edith and Lettie, the other sisters, are deceased.* Mr. Lowater died in 1888. Wallis S. Lowater, proprietor of a boat livery on the levee at Red AYing, is a native of the city, born April 10, 1869, son of Elias P. and Susan J. (Melntire) Lowater, early pioneers. After attending the public and high schools of Red Wing Wallis S. worked in the store with his father, and after his father’s death took charge of the business for his mother several years. The store, together with the house and lot, was sold after the death of the mother, and in 1904 Mr. Lowater took up his present business, in partnership with H. E. Sayles, with whom he also engaged in wood sawing. He has never married and has never cared for public life, either in a fraternal or political way. He has, however, since his first vote, consistently voted the Repub- lican ticket. He attends the Methodist Episcopal church. F. W. Kohn, of Florence township, was born in Hay Creek township April 24, 1856, son of Frederick and Sophia (Vesphal) Kohn, natives of Mecklenburg, Germany, who came to America in 1853 and located in New York state, remaining three years. In 1856 they came to Hay Creek township, where they took up a homestead, which the father cleared and improved, and carried on general farming until a few years before his death, when they moved to Florence township. The father died in 1900 and the mother in 1906. F. W. Kohn received his education in the public schools of the township, and after being employed by others for a while, engaged in farming for himself on a place of 264 acres, of which 140 is under cultivation. He has made many improve- ments on the place, built a fine house and barns, and carries on general and diversified farming, also dairying. He was married March 14, 1882, to Louise Isensee., daughter of Henry and Caro- line (Opperman) Isensee, natives of Brunswick, who came to the United States in 1852, remaining in New York for one year, after which they came to St. Paul. They remained only a short time in St. Paul, and then went to Florence township, where the father engaged in his trade of plasterer and stone mason. He plastered the first house in Red AYing. He carried all his supplies to Florence from Red AYing, sometimes using ox teams. Mr. and Mrs. Kohn have three children living: Clara married John Steff enhagen ; Caroline and Fred live at home. Louis, the 97,2 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY oldest, died in 1898, at the age of fifteen years. Mr. Kohn is a Republican in polities, has served on the town board four years, and has been clerk of school district No. 93 for the past twenty-two years. Nels J. Olness, vice-president of the Farmer’s State Bank, of Wanamingo, since its organization, was born in Norway May 7, 1855, son of Jacob and Carrie (Quam) Olness, the latter of whom died in the late fifties and the former of whom is still living in Norway at the grand old age of ninety-seven years. Nels J. received his education in the public schools and farmed in his native country until 1877, when he came to America, located in Adams Mower county, Minnesota, and two years later went to Moorehead, Clay county, this state, and did farm and railroad work for several years, after which, in 1879, he purchased a quarter-section. Some seven years later he came to Cherry Grove and acquired 145 acres, to which he afterward added by purchase until he now owns 305 acres, upon which he conducts general farming and stock raising. He also owns seventeen acres of timber land in Dodge county, Minnesota. In addition to his banking and farming interests, he lias been president of the Wanamingo Lumber Company since its organization, and was director in the Wanamingo Creamery Company for twelve years. Politically he is a Republican, and has been school director of district 84. Mr. Olness was married November 12, 1886, to Chris- tina Anderson, who has borne him four children: Josephine (deceased), Annie J. (deceased), Arthur (deceased) and Jacob. The family faith is that of the Norwegian Lutheran church, of which Mr. Olness has been trustee for several years. Arne A. and Carrie Bjorg, parents of Mrs. Olness, came from Norway to Wisconsin, and in 1862 to Cherry Grove, where they purchased the farm where the Olness family now resides. The father, who served in the Civil War, died in 1894, and the mother lived until 1900, when she, too, passed to her eternal reward. Relief 0. Lund, a retired farmer of Minneola, was, born in Norway, June 28, 1851. son of Ole and Jennette (Opem) Lund, who emigrated to America in 1857. After stopping at Red Wing one month, they came in March to Minneola, where they acquired 160 acres of land, which they broke and improved, following gen- eral farming until 1879. At the end of this time they lived a retired life until Mr. Lund’s death, January 6, 1885. Mrs. Lund still lives with her son, being ninety-two years of age. Rollof came to America in 1857 with his parents, at the age of six. Receiving a common school education, he took up farming with his father until 1879, when he purchased the old home farm. This, with an addition of 240 acres, he has continued to cultivate, erecting thereon a pleasant home and a 36x84 barn. In 1908 he HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 973 sold' 115 acres of his farm, leaving 285, which he still owns. Besides this, he owns 320 acres of wild land in Edmunds county, South Dakota. In 1897, at the opening of the Security State Bank in Zumbrota, Mr. Lund was called as its assistant cashier, which position he faithfully filled for three years, after which he succeeded Mr. Noeseth as manager of the Farmers’ Elevator of Zumbrota, a position which he held for three years. He then removed to Wanamingo village, at which place he conducted an elevator of his own for one year, after which he sold it to the Milwaukee Elevator Company. This company retained him as manager of the elevator for three years, and he then returned to his farm, which is now conducted by his son's. Mr. Lund was married May 8, 1879, to Johannah Hembre, daughter of Ole and Anna Hembre, natives of Norway, who located in Red Wing, where Mr. Hembre followed his trade as a carpenter until his death, in 1908. Mr. and Mrs. Lund are the parents of nine children : Ole, Nettie, Oaf, Inga, Einar, Oscar, Robert, William McKinley and Harold. Of these, Inga teaches school. In politics Mr. Lund is a stanch Republican and in religion a true Lutheran. He has served in many official capacities, having been supervisor of his village, a member of the village council and director of his school district, while for many years he was treasurer and one of the directors of Zumbrota Hospital. For sixteen years he held the office of treasurer of the Wanamingo, Cherry Grove and Minneola Fire Insurance Company, and for seven years he con- ducted a creamery of his own at Zumbrota. He operated a threshing machine for twenty- five years. Mr. Lund’s life has been a busy one and the success gained by him is due to his own work, honestly and faithfully performed. Fie is loved by his friends and esteemed by all. Iver J. Lunde, of Roscoe township, was born in Norway April 11, 1843, son of Johannes and Karen (Joranlid) Lunde, natives of Norway, where the father was a farmer and owned 200 acres of land. He died in 1896, the mother having passed away in 1880. Iver J. received his education in the public schools of Norway, completing his studies with a course at a seminary. After leaving school he took up teaching for five years, after which he emigrated to America, in 1866, locating in Roscoe town- ship, remaining for one year, during which time he worked for farmers. In 1867 he bought 120 acres of land in the township, which he improved, erecting a home, barn and other buildings necessary. He also taught parochial school in Land’s church for two years. In 1906 he purchased 120 acres more of improved land, also eleven acres of timber, and carried on general farming. Mr. Lunde was married October 24, 1869, to Nicotine Aasen, daughter of Hans and Marie (Roste) Aasen, natives of Norway. 974 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Both parents are now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Lunde have ha,d eight children: Hilda, John, Mary, and Norman, of Roscoe township; Susie, married to Albert Peterson, of Red Wood county; Carl, Gunda, Josephine and Karen Martha, deceased. Mr. Lunde is a Republican, and he and liis family are members of the Norwegian Lutheran Synod church. Josiah Lothrop, formerly of Roscoe township, now of Zum- brota, retired farmer and veteran of the Civil AVar, is of New England parentage, but a native of Canada, born in the province of Quebec October 15, 1839, son of Howard and Olive (Leavitt) Lothrop, the former born in Massachusetts and the latter in New Hampshire. The parents went to Canada in 1817, and there the father engaged in farming until 1852, when they returned to Somerset county, Maine, and farmed until 1856. From that year until 1860 they lived on a farm near La Crosse, AVis. In Good- hue county, where they next located, they took up a quarter- section on section 10, Roscoe township. They soon had this wild land broken and cultivated and in fine shape for general farming, an occupation which they followed for the remainder of their lives. The father laid down the duties of life May 15, 1883, and the mother August 10, 1880. Josiah Lothrop received his education in AYisconsin and Minnesota, working as a farm hand with his father until 1865, when he took charge of the home place. He assisted his father with the developments, and after the latter’s death built a new home and made other im- provements. AVhile still working for his father he enlisted in the LTnion army, August 15, 1862. After signing his enlistment papers in St. Paul he was assigned to Company H, 8th Minne- sota Volunteer Infantry, with which company he served until mustered out as corporal, July 25, 1865. He returned to St. Paul under arms, and was discharged July 25, 1865. Among the scenes of bloody carnage in which Mr. Lothrop participated were the battles of Kill Deer Mountain, August 28, 1864; Bad Lands (three days’ engagement) ; Murfeesboro, December 5, 1864; Nolanville Pike, December 7, 1864; Kingston, N. C., March 8, 1865. Returning from the war, he again took up life on the farm. He retired in July, 1908, and purchased the pleasant home in Zumbrot.a village where he now resides. Mr. Lothrop was married December 29, 1867, to Sarah E. Libbey, daughter of Charles AV. and Mary J. (Mayberry) Libby, early settlers of Roscoe township. They migrated from Maine, their native state, to Boone county, Illinois, in 1847, and engaged in farming there until 1856, when they came to Roscoe township and farmed until 1865, when they went to AVisconsin. After three years there they removed to Kansas in 1868, remaining until the end of their days, August 5, 1885, and February 7, 1900, respectively. To HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 975 Mr. ancl Mrs. Lotlirop were born six children: Mary 0., born October 31, 1868, is a school teacher, who has recently taken a post-graduate course in the University of Minnesota; Josiah Ii. was born March 20, 1872, and lives on the old homestead; Charles E., born September 7, 1874, died January 16, 1890; Seth W., born July 10, 1881, died January 9, 1883; Sarah E., born June 7, 1886, is a stenographer at the University of Minnesota, and Hugh L., born October 19, 1888, is a bookkeeper and lives at home. Mr. Lotlirop has occupied public office since reaching the age of twenty-six years. He has occupied practically all the offices in Roscoe township, including chairman, and is commander of Scofield Post, No. 121, G. A. R. He is an independent voter. Mrs. Lothrop, who comes of an old family, is a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, a charter member of the Woman’s Relief Corps and a member of the Eastern Star. The Lotlirops take an active interest in everything that is improving and ennobling. Charles 0. Roe, the efficient manager of the Farmers’ Elevator Company, at Kenyon, is a native of this state, born in Lyon county, Minnesota, August 5, 1873. His parents, Ole and Dena (Loken) Roe, natives of Hedemarken, Norway, came to America in the early sixties and located in Wanamingo township two years. They then went to Lyon county, homesteaded 160 acres of land, and on this farm, which they broke and improved, car- ried' on general farming for several years. Later they returned to Wanamingo township, where the father died in 1874. The mother now makes her home in Kenyon. Charles 0. received a common school education and took up farming on a place which he rented in Holden township. His first experience in the grain business was in the employ of the Farmers’ Elevator Company, of Kenyon, with whom he remained eight years. He then worked at the same business as manager of the Farmers’ Ele- vator at Ellendale, Steele county, this state, and in the fall of 1905 located in Wanamingo, where he remained until August 1, 1909, when he took his present position. As an elevator manager he has given much satisfaction, and is highly regarded by all with whom he has business relations. In the past four years he has taken an interest in the business growth of the village of Wanamingo, and is a director of the Farmers’ State Bank, sec- retary of the Farmers’ Mutual Telephone Company, of Wana- mingo, and secretary of the Wanamingo Lumber Company. Mr. Roe was married in September, 1899, at Faribault, to Caroline Kleven, daughter of Thomas Kleven, of Kenyon. To this union have been born two daughters, Lillian Othelia and Dorothy Evelyn, the former born August 20, 1900, and the latter June 976 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 28, 1905. Mr. Roe is a Republican, ancl belongs to the I. 0. 0. F., at Kenyon. The family worships at the Lutheran church. Rev. Gunder S. Froiland, pastor of Lands’ and Minneola con- gregations of the United Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran church, is an ideal village pastor in every particular, the father of his. people, eloquent in the pulpit, comforting and encoui'aging in family life, and an insipration at all times toward those things for which the church stands. He, was born in Stavanger, Norway, January 13, ] 867, .son of the pioneers, Sven and Rachel Froiland, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1869, and remained in Fillmore county, Minnesota, until 1873, when they went to Brookings county, in what was then Dakota territory, being among the first, settlers there. With true pioneer vigor and energy they homesteaded 160 acres, which they at once brought under cultivation. The father remained on this homestead and farmed until his death, December 1, 1896. The mother is still living on the home farm. Gunder S. was brought to this country by his parents in 1869 and has consequently spent almost his entire life in this country. He received his preliminary train- ing in the schools of his native county and in 1883 entered the Augustana College, at Beloit, Iowa. He went with this college when it was removed to Canton, S. D., and graduated in 189], Thus equipped with a thorough classical education, he took up his theological training at Minneapolis, studying two years in the Augsburg Seminary and one year in the United Church Sem- inary. He graduated in 1891, and was ordained June 17 of the same year. His first charges were in Chippewa county, Minne- sota, where he faithfully and satisfactorily served the Milan and Watson congregations until 1908, when he received a call to the pastorate of his present churches. These churches have a com- bined membership of about 1,450 souls, making a very busy life indeed for the pastor. In addition to his pastoral duties, Rev. Froiland served for several years as elder of the Montevidio circuit. The Froiland home is filled with a goodly number of bright-faced children. Sven, born March 24, 1895, and Martinus, born April 11, 1897, are the children of Molla Teterud, whom Rev. Froiland married July 6, 1894, and who died April 19, 1897. He was married the second time May 3, 1899, at Milan, Minn., to Alma Gorcler, by whom he has five children: Marius, born February 26, 1900 ; Gerhard, born January 9, 1902; Rudolph, born March 1, 1904; Margaret, born June 13, 1906, and Alfred, born August 14, 1908. John Banks conducts the family homestead in Leon township, which has not changed hands since it was first pre-empted in 1858. He was born in Sweden May 3, 1843, son of Bengt Ander- son and Anna Anderson, who came to America in the early days HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 977 and lived for a time in Chicago and La Crosse. Then they came up the river to what was then the little village of Red Wing, and in 1858 came to Leon township and took up a claim, where they erected a log cabin, and started breaking the tough prairie glebe. They were hard at work developing the place when came the outbreak of the Civil War. Filled with love for his adopted country, John Banks enlisted August 21, 1862, as a private, and later was promoted to corporal. Company D, 10th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, in which he served, was stationed at frontier posts until June, 1863, when ordered on the Indian expedition. It engaged with the Indians July 26 and 28, 1863, and was ordered to St. Louis, Mo., October, 1863, thence to Columbus, Ivy., April, 1864; thence to Memphis, Tenn., June, 1864, and as- signed to the 16th Army Corps, in which it did valiant service until the close of the war, being discharged at Fort Snelling August 19, 1865. Mr. Banks then returned to the old homestead, and after a few years took entire charge of the place, making a home for his parents until the time of their death. On this place he has made many improvements, and a neat house and comfortable barns take the place of the original log cabin. Mr. Banks was married in 1867 to Anna Anderson, daughter of Andrew Anderson, a farmer of Cannon Falls, now deceased. This union was blessed with eleven children, of whom eight are alive, namely: Charles, Hannah, Thelda, Julius, Henry, James, George and Frank. The dead are: Jennie, Mary and Bernhardt. Al- though a consistent Republican, Mr. Banks has not cared to seek political preferment, but being the father of a large family and interested in education, he has served several terms as a member of the school board. R. P. Brandvold, for the past twenty-one years secretary of the Leon Mutual Fire Insurance Coriipany, was born in Norway June 24, 1859, and came to America with his parents, P. R. and Kirste A. Brandvold, in 1873, when but fourteen years of age. The family settled at once in Leon township, section 19, where they pur- chased sixty acres of land, which later passed into the hands of the son, R. P., the subject of this sketch, who in their latter years cared for his father and mother until their deaths, in 1893 and 1894, respectively. In the family there were six children : Guri died in 1901 ; Annie lives in Polk county, near Crookston, Minn.; Petra married Iver Monson, a farmer in Wanamingo township; R. P. was the fourth child; Albert is a merchat in Clay county, Minnesota, and Carrie died when young. R. P. Brandvold was brought up on the farm and lived on the home place until about ten years ago, when he sold the homestead and moved to a place about one mile away, where he has ten acres, upon which he does a little general farming, chicken raising and 978 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY dairying. He lias been justice of the peace six years, supervisor of the township three years and treasurer of school district No. 52 for six years. In many other ways he lias shown his deep interest in the public and political welfare of the township. Mr. Brandvold was married in 1887 to Lukris Wangen, daughter of Andrew and Annie Wangen, natives of Norway, Avho came to Leon township in 1869 and became well known citizens. The father died in 1893 and the mother is still living on the old home- stead in Leon township. Mr. and Mrs. Brandvold have no chil- dren. Mr. Brandvold has been trustee and treasurer of Urland Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran church for the past six years. From 1891 to 1898 he was also engaged in the general merchan- dise business in company with his brother at Sogn, Minn. Osmund J. Wing’ was born in Norway November 15, 1812, and upon coming to America located in Illinois. In 1856 he moved to Wanamingo township and settled on a piece of land which now consists of 320 acres. He was town supervisor for a number of years, and in 1875 was appointed postmaster and served for some time. He was president of the Aspelund Society and one of the organizers of the First State Bank of Zumbrota, of which he was first president, and held that office at the time of its consolidation with the Security State Bank, in 1909. Fie is now president of the Wanamingo, Cherry Grove and Minneola Mutual Fire Insurance Company, as he has been for many years past. He also served in the state senate in 1895 and 1897, and was a member of the state board of equalization for many years. He was married to Susan Nelson June 11, 1869, and to this union were born five children, Sarah J., Henry, Martha M., John G. and Emma. J. Mrs. Wing is dead. Mr. Wing, retired from active work several years ago, and has continued to live on the old homestead, which is now conducted by his son. John G. Wing, son of Osmund AVing, was born July 21, 1876, on the farm which he now conducts, and here he has spent prac- tically his entire life. In an educational way he had the advan- tages of training in the common schools of AVanamingo and in an academy at Minneapolis, and in 1896 he took a trip to Europe, adding materially to the fund of information which he received in school. Since 1902 he has conducted the home farm, making a specialty of horses, particularly those of the Percheron breed. By Edna A. Fuller, daughter of A. H. Fuller, of Ottawa, 111., whom he married May 10, 1905, he has had two children : Susan, Avho died in infancy, and Aurette J., born August 1, 1907. The family faith is that of the Norwegian Lutheran church. C. A. Sargent, a dairy farmer living about a mile out of Red AVing, in Burnside township, where he has a pleasant home and an excellent grazing farm, is the son of one of the earliest set- HISTORY OF GOOHFIHE COUNTY 979 tiers of the county. His father, E. A. Sargent (married to Abbie Currier) was a shoemaker in Massachusetts, and came to Good- hue county in 1856, locating in Leon township. His name is still prominent in the early annals of that section of the county. In 1857 he built a store and stocked it with merchandise, and on July 5, 1858, the first town meeting of Leon was held in his store, he being the clerk of election. He also served several terms as town clerk. He was also county commissioner at one time. After farming many years he moved to St. Paul and took up the real estate business, ending his days in that city, in 1900. His wife died in 1877. C. A. was born January 17, 1850, in the historic town of Haverhill, Mass., and there spent his early childhood, being brought to this county by his parents in early boyhood, his father having preceded the rest of the family by a few months. His education was obtained in the common schools of his neighborhood and in the schools of Red Wing. For one year he was a grocer, but aside from that, has spent his life as a farmer. He does some general farming, but makes a specialty of dairying, keeping some forty-five cows and retailing milk in the city of Red Wing. In addition to other improvements, Mr. Sargent has sunk a 440-foot, artesian well, which supplies his household and stock with pure, fresh water. A Prohibitionist m politics, he has been town chairman two years and clerk of his school district, which latter position he still occupies. He is a member of the Presbyterian church. He is also a member of the Foresters at Red AAung. On October 7, 1874, C. A. Sargent was married to Rose C. Hart, daughter of W. B. and Clarissa (Stone) Hart, who came from New York in 1870. Her father was a farmer and jeweler, and died in 1896. Mr. and Mrs. Sar- gent have been blessed with ten children, Waverly B., Edwin W., Fred W., Luverne M., Forrest II., Ray L., Clara A., Plato E., Lee W. and Cecil C. S. H. Purdy, who carries on general farming on a place of 170 acres in Burnside township, traces his ancestry back to the founder of the Purdy family, who settled in New York state in 1771. He was born in Goodhue township, this county, January 5, 1873, son of David and Mary F. (Rolfe) Purdy. The father was born in New York state January 16, 1840, and the mother in the same state January 7, 1841. They came west in 1859 and settled first in Goodhue township, where they lived until 1875, when they moved to Burnside township, on a farm now occu- pied by the subject of this sketch. Mr. and Mrs. David Purdy had four children, Anna (deceased), Jennie S. IT. and AY H. S. H. Purdy attended the common schools and the high school at Red AVing, afterward teaching school two terms. Of this he made a success, but decided that he preferred to make farming 980 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY His life work. In 1897 he also tried the livery business in Red Wing for a time, hut again returned to the farm, where he has since remained. He belongs to the United Workmen and the Foresters and votes the Democratic ticket. Mr. Purdy was mar- ried in 1891 to Anna M. Ceder, daughter of Charles and Hannah (Ferrig) Ceder, who settled in this county in 1873, the father being now a retired shoemaker. To Mr. and Mrs. Purdy have been born five children, in the order named : Howard IF, David W., Myron C., Dorothy M. and Evelyn A. Thomas W. Lally, who, with John. McNamara, is owner, pro- prietor and manager of the Lally & McNamara hardware store, in the village of Goodhue, was born in Red AVing October 9, 1859, and spent his boyhood in Belle Creek township, where he received his early education and remained until 1890, when he entered the employ of N. K. Simmons, of Red AYing, as a grain buyer, being located in Clay Bank and Goodhue. In 1901 he en- gaged in the hardware business with Charles E. Perkins and Andrew Chalmers, continuing this partnership until February, 1905, when the Perkins and Chalmers interests were purchased by John McNamara, since which time the present partnership has continued. The firm carries a full line of hardware, build- ing material, farming implements and wagons and carriages. The partners also conduct a tinning and plumbing department in connection with their business. Mr. Lally, who is an independent voter, served as assessor of Belle Creek seven years and has been assessor of Goodhue ten years. Being a man of sociable instincts, he belongs both to the United Workmen and the Com- mercial Club. On February 3, 1890, he was married to Agnes M. Doyle, daughter of John and Mary (Lyons) Doyle, who located in Belle Creek among the first settlers. Her father was killed by lightning in 1872, and her mother died in September, 1897. Eight children have blessed the Lally home. John AVill- iam, born February 22, 1891, is in the store with his father. Thomas Walter, Jr., born January 16, 1893, is taking a course in the college at Prairie du Cliien. The others, all of whom are at home, are : Mabel Ann, born January 13, 1895 ; Marie Agnes, born December 5, 1897 ; Gertrude Louise, born February 11, 1900; Florence Madeline, born January 6, 1902; Dorris Genevieve, born May 30, 1904, and Helen Luceil, born September 3, 1906. The family faith is that of the Catholic church. The parents of Thomas W. Lally were John and Anna (Maloy) Lally, the former of whom, after coming to America from Ireland in 1846, lived in New York and Ohio for a time, and then located in Red Wing in 1856, working on a lime kiln until 1860, when he pur- chased eighty acres of land in Belle Creek and carried on general farming operations very successfully until his death, December HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 981 23, 1868. His wife died November 16, 1879. In the family were six children: -John H., born May 31, 1853, died at the age of five years ; Frank, born February 22, 1857, died at the age of ten years; Thomas is the subject of this sketch; Daniel, born February 14, 1861, lives at Belle Creek; Mary, born February 16, 1863, died April 17, 1898; Susan, born October 3, 1867, mar- ried John McNamara, who is Mr. Daily’s partner in the hardware business. Carl Albert Swenson was born in Roscoe township December 30, 1875, son of Peter J. and Mollie (Okelberg) Swenson, natives of Norway and Sweden. Carl received his education in the schools of the township and the high school of Zumbrota, com- pleting his studies with a course in a business college at Red Wing. After leaving school he took up farming. To his original farm of 120 acres he has added eighty acres, and now carries on general farming and stock raising with considerable success. He was married June 27, 1899, to Lena Lunde, daughter of Bernt and Inger (Goplin) Lunde, natives of Norway. Mr. and Mrs. Swenson have had two children: John R., born May 11, 1900, and Sigvald Victor, born March 30, 1905 (deceased). Mr. Swen- son is one of the rising young men of Roscoe township, and takes an active interest in the affairs of his community. He is an inde- pendent voter, and has served as clerk of the school board for the past twelve years. The family are members of the Lutheran church. Martin Swee was born in Pine Island township, February 9, 1881, son of Arnt and Relia Swee, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1874, located in Pine Island township and engaged in farming. Later they purchased 160 acres of improved land in Cherry Grove township, where they still reside. Martin received his education in the Pine Island high school, then took a two years’ course in the Austin business college, after which he at- tended the Minnesota State Agricultural college at Minneapolis. He then came to Wanamingo, and for two years worked at dray- ing. In 1904 he entered the employ of the creamery, where he is now engaged as assistant manager and chief butter maker. Mr. Swee was married November 14. 1908, to Cora H. Haller, daughter of Ole and Mary ‘(Thompson) Haller, the former a native of Sweden and the latter of Norwegian descent. They live in Wana- mingo township, doing general farming. The subject of this sketch is a Republican in politics and is a member of the Lutheran church. Fraternally he belongs to the Modern Samaritans of his village. He is a good citizen and has made all by his own efforts. Andrew B. Haller, of Wanamingo township, is a native of Wernland, Sweden, born April 2, 1850, son of Bjorn and Martha Anderson, who brought their family to America in 1868 and lo- 982 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY cated in Wanamingo township, living for the first five years in a dugout. They then purchased forty acres in section 13 from Henry Brown, and followed general farming many years, the father also practicing his trade as a tailor. He died June 15, 1899, and the mother June 7, 1901. Andrew B. Haller received his edu- cation in his native country and came to America with his par- ents. He assisted in purchasing and developing the homestead and upon the death of his father came into possession of the home place, which he has since conducted, carrying on general farming. He is a Republican in politics, and although a faithful adherent of that party, has never cared to seek public office. In the family, aside from Andrew B., there were nine brothers and sisters. Inge.borg is the wife of Ole Gunderson, of Red Wing. Mary is the Avife of John Johnson, of Red Wing. Nels lives in Lac qui Parle county. Ole lives Avith Andrerv B. at home. Christine is the wife of Andrew Johnson, of Alexandria, Minn., and John Martin, An- ton and Carrie are all on a farm in Canada. The subject of this sketch is an honest, law-abiding citizen, Avell esteemed in the com- munity where he has made his home. Frank T. O’Gorman, one of the rising young practitioners of this county, is a native of Belle Creek township, born August 27, 1874. He received his education in the schools of his neighbor- hood, and after completing the course taught in the grades, graduated from the high school at Cannon Falls in 1900. Like many other men of his profession, he laid the foundation of his career by teaching school tAvo years, and then entered the law department of the State University, from which he Avas gradu- ated in 1905. As a preliminary to starting out for himself, he practiced one year Avith the la.Av firm of C. I). and Thomas D. O’Brien, of St. Paul. April 1, 1906, he came to Goodhue, and opened an office, entering at once upon a legal career of success and prosperity. He is honest, able and fluent, an ideal country laAvyer in every respect. A Democrat in politics, he has served as justice of the peace and has been a candidate for the office of county attorney. In fraternal eireles he has affiliated himself with the Knights of Columbus, the Yeomen, the Catholic Foresters and the Commercial Club, in all of which he has taken an active part. John O’Gorman, father of Attorney O’Gorman, Avas born in Ireland and came to America in 1841, and engaged in the livery business in Racine, Wis., until 1849, when he went to California, with the gold rush, and prospected five years. In 1854 he re- turned to Wisconsin, and lived in Portage until 1865, Avhen he located in Belle Creek township and purchased 160 acres of land, which he later increased to 480 acres, managing this large farm until his death, July 7, 1890. His Avife died April 27, 1906. In the family Avere fourteen children : Catherine, now Mrs. William HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 983 Loftus, of Minneapolis; Elizabeth, wife of John O’Neal; William, a farmer of Belle Creek township; John, who died in infancy; Sarah, now Mrs. Thomas 0 'Reilly, of Goodhue township ; Charles, living on the old homestead; George M., a railroad agent, who died July 18, 1904; Henry, a railroad agent at Bowman, N. D. ; Anna, now Mrs. Thomas McHugh, of Litchfield, Minn. ; Edward, a farmer of Belle Creek ; Theresa, now Mrs. Fred Hutchinson, of Featherstone ; Frank T., the subject of this sketch; Joseph, who lives at home, and Benjamin, who also lives at home. All the members of the family are highly regarded in the respective com- munities wherein they reside. Edward L. Sudheimer, master mechanic for the local branch of the Great Western railroad, is a native of this state, born in Ramsey county, near St. Paul, April 21, 1878. His parents, Charles J. Sudheimer and Katherine Simons Sudheimer, natives respectively of Germany and France, came to America in 1849 and settled in Carver county, Minnesota. There the father re- mained several years, engaged in the crockery business. In 1851 he came up the river with the intention of settling on the spot that is now Reel Wing, but finding the Indians still in possession, he continued his trip up the river and took up his home in Ramsey county. He retired in December, 1904, and both he and his wife now make their home in St. Paul. Edward L. received his educa- tion in the public and high schools, and his technical training in the University of Minnesota, where he took the course in me- chanical and electrical engineering. He worked two years for the Northern Pacific, then in 1900 entered the employ of the Great Western. March 1, 1908, he received liis present appoint- ment and came to Red Wing. Mr. Sudheimer is a Mason and an Elk, and while at the University served as captain of the cadet corps. He was married, in October, 1907, to Charlotte Shipley, of St. Paul, daughter of Lewis and Catherine Shipley, the former of whom is a paving contractor in St. Paul. It is worthy of note that Mrs. Sudheimer ’s grandfather, on her mother’s side, was an admiral in the English navy. To Mr. and Mrs. Sudheimer has been born one son, Lewis, March 13, 1909. J. M. R, Olmstad, of Leon township, is a fine type of the edu- cated farmer, combining knowledge of farming operations with a goodly store of classical learning. He is a native product of this county, born in Leon township, September 29, 1874, son of R. J. and Perina (Otterness) Olmstad, natives of Norway, who located in Chicago in 1853. After remaining there three years they came to Reel Wing, making the trip up the river aboard one of the old Mississippi steamboats. After looking about a short time they came to Leon township and homesteaded their present farm. At once upon their arrival here they put up a log 984 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY cabin, hauling- all their lumber from Red Wing by ox team. They also conveyed their grain to that city by the same means. In the family there are six sons and daughters. The mother is deceased, but the father is still living, having reached the age of seventy- seven years. J. M. R. Olmstad received his education in the com- mon schools, and then took a two years’ course in St. Olaf’s Col- lege, and later two years in Carlton College. Upon his return he took up farming on the home place, where he still remains. The family estate consists of 453 acres, all in Leon township. Of this 300 acres is under the plow, and on this rich land the family car- ries on general farming, making a specialty of high grade cattle and hogs. The subject of this sketch has served for six years as town clerk, and his father • was at one time supervisor. The Olmstad farm is well developed and improved and has many neat buildings, making the place well suited for agricultural pursuits along the latest approved methods. Oscar R. Wermuth, the leading furrier of Red Wing, having an establishment located on Main street, is a German by birth, having first seen the light of day in the German empire, Novem- ber 24, 1873. His father, William Wermuth, and his mother, whose maiden name was Augusta Fredricka, came to America in 1879 and lived about seven years in Chicago, the father working at his trade as furrier. They then located at St. Paul, where William Wermuth opened a fur establishment, remaining in this business until his death, April 11, 1907. The mother died Febru- ary 11, 1907. Oscar R. went through the public and high schools of St. Paul and also took a course ip manual training. At the age of nineteen he started in life for himself as a clerk in the “Standard” office, remaining seven years. Another year, during which time he was employed as clerk in the Minnesota Club, com- pleted his residence in St. Paul. He came to Red Wing in the fall of 1896, and with his father as partner opened a fur dealing establishment on Plum street. This firm was later changed to O. R. Wermuth & Co., with Oscar R. Wermuth and Fred A. Busch as partners. This business Mr. Wermuth has since continued, the store now being on Main street. The business is constantly increasing, and Mr. Wermuth handles not only the finest goods but also has the select trade of Red Wing and the surrounding country. Mr. Wermuth is a Democrat in politics and belongs to the Woodmen, the United Workmen, the Yeomen, the Elks, the Red Men, the Samaritans, the Union Commercial Travelers and the Red Wing Commercial Club. He served four years as a member of Company G. Oscar R. Wermuth was married June 26, 1901, to Elizabeth C. Metzler, of Rect Wing, daughter of Daniel and Bertha (Denslage) Metzler, the former of whom, a native of Germany, was a Red Wing brewer. He died July 27, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 985 1906. The home of Mr. and Mrs. W ermuth has been blessed with one daughter, Helen Maria, born March 11, 1901. Mr. Wermuth is a member of the German Lutheran and his wife of the Roman Catholic church. Charles J. Whipple, a prosperous farmer of Zumbrota town- ship, was born in Madison county, New York, September 10, 1846, son of Michael and Mary (Eddy) Whipple, natives and prominent farmers of New York state. The father died in 1870 and the mother in 1856. Charles J. received his education in New York state, after which he took up farming near Rochester, N. Y., until coming west in 1865. In Zumbrota township, February 18, 1886, he bought eighty acres of land and later eighty acres ad- joining this, which lie' has broken and improved. Besides this 160 acres, he has 160 acres in Wabasha county. Mr. Whipple was married in February, 1866, to Laura Nichols, daughter of Harsha Nichols, a prominent farmer of Zumbrota. The children by this wife were: Charles, Lewis and Mary, deceased ; Clarence, who is engaged in farming at West Concord, Minn. ; and Wallace, who is at Zumbrota Falls, Minn. After the death of the mother of these children, the father was married in 1883 to Mary Colling, daugh- ter of Charles Colling, a furniture manufacturer at Mazeppa. She died March 7, 1897. By this union there were nine children: Marvin, who is at South Troy, Wabasha county; William, who is in Wabasha county; Martha, who is at home; Dolly, who is in Olmsted county; George, Nellie, John, Elsie and Edna are at home. Mr. Whipple is an independent Republican in politics and the family are worshipers at the Methodist Episcopal church. He has served on the school board in his district. Mr. Whipple is a hard-working, conscientious man and well deserves the success he has gained. Charles Pierpont, proprietor of a tinning shop and well drill- ing works at 120 East Fifth street, is of eastern birth, having first seen the light of day in North Adams, Mass., September 5, 1841. His father, Levi Pierpont (married to Jane Wright, of New York state), was a machinist by trade and lived and died in Massachusetts. Charles received a grammar school education in North Adams, and after leaving school learned the trade of tin- ner. Apprenticeship in those days meant far different from what it does at the present time, and during the three years when Mr. Pierpont was learning the trade he received in all but $150, $25 the first year, $50 the second year and $75 the third. But he learned the work well, and after completing the three years was an expert tinner of a proficiency that more modern systems of apprenticeship do not produce. After working at his trade in Durand, Wis., from 1867 to 1874, he came to Red Wing, and en- tered the employ of Nelson and Peterson, with whom he remained 986 HISTORY OR GOODHUE COUNTY about eleven years. In 1886 he looked over the field and deter- mined that the time was ripe for another tinning concern in the city. He accordingly opened an establishment of his own, which he has since continued. He employs a force of men the year around, and the rush reason has a considerably increased force. In politics, Mr. Pierpont is a Republican. He was married No- vember 8, 1863, to Angeline Martin, of Johnstown, N. Y., daugh- ter of John Martin, a New York farmer. Both her parents are deceased. To Charles and Angeline Martin were born five chil- dren. Carrie J. married Fred Sempt, and upon his death was united in marriage with P. Gean.ey She is now deceased. Mattie married Eli Coon and lives in Red Wing. Jennie M., married to Richard Ore, also lives in Red Wing. Georgiana married George Bounar, both she and her husband being now deceased. Charles, Jr., is also dead. Angeline Martin died April 10, 1873, and Mr. Pierpont was married, July 29, 1871, to Mrs. Lovetta E. Campbell, daughter of Alpheus and Sallie (White) Sanders, the former a native of Massachusetts and the latter of New York state. The father was a mill owner and lumberman in Maine. He sold out his business in 1849 and located at LaCrosse, Wis., remaining there ten years. In 1859 he came to Red Wing and purchased a large tract of land in the eastern part of the city. Sanderson street, for which he gave the right of way, was named in his honor. Mr. Sanderson and his wife are both deceased. To Charles and Lovetta Pierpont was born one daughter, Cora T., born May 22, 1877. She was married January 1, 1893, and upon his death she was united in marriage with William Eisenbrand, who is engaged in the tea, coffee and spice business in this city. By her former marriage to G. W. Campbell, now deceased, Mrs. Pierpont had two .children. Frank K. D. is married and lives at Ellsworth, AYis. Nettie Estelle married Oscar Marchesseault. The family faith of the Pierpont family is that of the Presbyterian church. Herman W. Zemke, of Goodhue township, is another native born son, having first seen the light of day in Goodhue town- ship March 12, 1883. Like other boys of his time, he attended the district schools and spent his spare time working on a farm, an occupation which he continued for a number of years with his father. He now rents the farm from his father and carries on general farming, having 160 acres appropriately divided into plowed land and pasture. Being a man of considerable intelli- gence, he votes independently, and on one occasion he served as road overseer. lie was married October 23, 1907, to Clara Ivliste, whose parents originally came from Germany. To this union has been born one child, Earl Edward, born June 3, 1908. Her- man Zemke, father of Herman W. Zemke, came from Germany to HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 987 America and settled in this township, where he purchased eighty acres which he broke and improved. Later he purchased 160 acres more and subsequently still another eighty, owning at the present time in addition to this, a half section in North Dakota. He is still in the prime of his activities, but his wife died several years ago. Charles Zander, a substantial German citizen of Hay Creek township, was born in Mecklinburg, -July 18, 1850, son of Andrew and Mariah (Zandmann) Zander, who brought their family to America in 1861, and located on the farm which is now owned by Charles Zander. At first they built a shanty with lumber brought from Red Wing, but later erected the comfortable home where the family now lives. The mother died in 1880 and the father in 1893. Charles was brought up on the farm, and after his parents’ death took charge of the home place. He owns 380 acres around the homestead in Hay Creek township, and in company with his brother, Andrew, also possesses some land in Belvidere township. He raises some stock and carries on gen- eral farming. Mr. Zander is a Republican in politics, has been a supervisor of the township one year and path master many years. He attends the Methodist Episcopal church. Andrew Zander, brother of Charles, married Marguerite Augustine, and has five children, Mary, Christine. Louis, Gustave and Lena. A. C. Bryan carries on general farming in an up-to-date man- ner, on a fine homestead in Burnside township. He has a large silo, commodious barns, a well-furnished house, and all the latest farm machinery of every description, having been most success- ful in all his undertakings. Mr. Bryan was born in this county, April 28, 1863, a son of Thomas and Margaret (Gleeson) Bryan. The father came from Ireland in 1817 and settled for a time in Erie county, Pennsylvania, where he remained ten years. In 1857 he came to Burnside and purchased a farm, where he con- tinued general farming until the time of his death, in April, 1906. A. C. showed marked aptitude in his studies in the com- mon schools, and supplemented this training with courses in the normal school at Winona and the Curtiss Business College in Minneapolis. After this he taught school three years. He now makes a specialty, aside from his agricultural pursuits, of feeding stock and selling it on the hoof. Mr. Bryan has been town chairman for five years and for several terms occupied school office. He was married in 1892 to Emma J. Crandall, daughter of J. S. and Cinclerilla Crandall, early settlers of the county, who came from New York state via Hlinois. To this union have been born five children, Helen, Ralph, Harry C., Everett and Bernice C. Andrew O. Berg, of Wanamingo village, was born in Cherry 988 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Grove township, May 6, 1876. His father, 0. T. Berg, was a native of Norway, and his mother, Carrie Flatland Berg, a native of Wisconsin. The father came with his father to this country when a boy of ten years, after a long and perilous voyage, in which his mother, one sister and one brother died, and were buried at sea. The father and the surviving members of his family located in Cherry Grove township, where they worked at various labor, until 1869, when he purchased 120 acres of im- proved land and engaged in farming. Here he built a home, barn and other outbuildings, and carried on general and diversi- fied farming, and which he still manages. Andrew 0. Berg re- ceived his education in the common school of Cherry Grove, and took a preparatory course at St. Olof’s College at Northfield, completing with a course at a Minneapolis business college in 1899. After completing his studies, he entered the First State Bank of Ziunbrota, holding the position of clerk until May, 1901. He then took the management of the hardware, wagon and farm implement store of Myron & Olson, at Wanamingo, which he still conducts. February 21, 1906, he was married to Mary Shay, daughter of Nicolai Shay, native of Norway, and came to America, locating in Belle Creek, and took up farming. The mother died in 1889 and the father was married again. Mr. and Mrs. Berg have one child, Oswald Norman, born December 21, 1906. In his politics, Mr. Berg is Prohibition. He is a mem- ber of the Modern Samaritans, and was a member of Company D of Zumbrota for one year. He and his family attend Land’s Norwegian church. Michael J. Barry, who owns and operates 120 acres of land in Belle Creek township, was born in Wisconsin, October 22, 1850, to F. John and Ellen (Murphy) Barry, natives of County Cork, Ireland. The father, a farmer, came to America in 1819, settling in Wisconsin, where he farmed eighty acres of land. Later he sold this and purchased one-half section in Belle Creek township, where he followed general farming until his death at Goodhue in December, 1892. The mother died in July, 1888. They had four children, besides Michael : Margaret, married to John Dewitt, a farmer living at Goodhue; Patrick, living in Ellsworth, Minn., engaged in dray business ; James, living at Min- neapolis, engaged in express business; Hannah, living at home; and Ellen S., who died the summer of 1881. Michael received his education in the public school of Belle Creek. After leaving school he farmed with his father, from whom in 1874 he pur- chased 120 acres, on which he still does common farming, and also raises Perchon horses and Shorthorn cattle. Mr. Barry was married November 16, 1875, to Elizabeth Richards, daughter of George and Vandenah (Wentink) Richards, natives of New t T. H. Bunn 989 HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY York. They came west to Wacouta in 1855, purchased land and carried on farming until Mr. Richards’ death, November 28, 1895. Mrs. Richards is living in Red Wing. Mrs. Barry has two sisters : Emelia, married to Thomas Harlow, living in Chi- cago, and Julia, married to Patrick Edwards, living at Red Wing; also three brothers, George, August and Frank, all deceased. To Mr. and Mrs. Barry there have been born eight children, four of whom are now living: Lauretta, married to D. C. Bell, of Goodhue; John F., manager of the Farmers’ Elevator at Good- hue ; Bernard, at home on the farm ; Blanche, at home ; and George, who died at the age of seventeen. Mr. Barry is Demo- cratic and the family faith is that of the Catholic church. He is also a member of the Red Men and the Catholic Foresters. He is a good man and a progressive, being highly regarded by those with whom he has dealings. For twelve years he was chairman of the toAvn supervisors and is now serving as clerk of the school board, which position he has held for the past five years. Abbott L. Ballord, of Minneola township, was born in Hen- drick county, Indiana, June 6, 1874. He received his education in the schools of Minneola and after finishing his schooling worked for his father, engaging in general farming, but making a specialty of dairying and hog raising. He has been very suc- cessful in bringing the farm to a high state of cultivation, having entire charge of the farm for some time. His father and mother are living with him. Mr. Ballard was married September 30, 1896, at Zumbrota, to Charlotte M. Berg, daughter of C. 0. Berg, merchant tailor of Red Wing. His wife has four sisters and two brothers,' she being the eldest of the family. The second, Mary L., married to Edwin Peterson, of Minneola; Hattie, married Nels Iverson, of Minneapolis; Oscar lives in Chicago; Charles, lives in Superior ; Bettie married Carl Lundt, of Minneola, and Nellie still lives in Red Wing. Abbott L. Ballord is a Republican in his political views, and is now serving as clerk of school district No. 65. His fraternal affiliation is with the Modern Samaritans. He is a good citizen and takes an active interest in the affairs of the county in which he lives. His parents are Joshua and Nancy E. (Eames) Ballord. The father was born in Indiana and the mother in Maine, but later moved to Indiana, where she taught school until her marriage to Mr. Ballord, one of the prominent farmers of that community. In 1884 Mrs. Ballord ’s uncle, a cotton manufacturer of Massachusetts, pre- sented her with a farm in Minneola township, to which they removed and still occupy. The father is a member of Friend’s church and the mother is a Baptist. T. H. Bunn, the leading druggist of Pine Island, was born in 990 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Pine Island township, October 12, 1866, son of Isaac and Cynthia (Cryley) Bunn, natives of Pennsylvania, and came to Pine Island in 1856, where they took up a homestead of 160 acres and followed general farming until the death of the father in 1887. The mother died in April 29, 1905. They had a family of fourteen children, nine of whom are living. T. H. Bunn re- ceived his education in the common schools and worked on the farm with his father until he was eighteen years old. He then entered a drug store and learned the business. In 1893 he started in the drug business for himself, taking his brother-in-law as a partner, but five years later bought out his interest, and has since continued to conduct the store. Pie organized the present telephone exchange in 1900, which he controlled until 1908, when he sold out, and also operated the Oronoco telephone sys- tem in partnership with L. L. Cornwell, but sold out the same year in 1903. In 1892 Mr. Bunn was married to Florence Miller, daughter of Charles R. Miller, an early settler in Roseoe town- ship. They have one child, Lloyd. In politics Mr. Bunn is a Democrat. Pie belongs to the Masonic and Modern Woodmen orders. Mr. Bunn is a wideawake and energetic business man and takes an active interest in the affairs of the village. He has a fine home which he erected last summer. James R. Mills, of Stanton township, was born in London, Ohio, August 24, 1840, son of Lewis and Ann (Havener) Mills, natives of Virginia, who came to Ohio in the early days and engaged in farming and stock raising. In 1856 they emigrated west, traveling by team to Dubucpie, Iowa, and from there by boat up the Mississippi river to Red Wing. They located in Warsaw township and took up' a homestead, which the father broke and cultivated. His life in the west, however, was destined to be short, and he died a year after coming to Warsaw, in Feb- ruary of 1857. The mother lived until 1876. They had a family of six children: John, who left home in 1856 and was never heard from; Margaret, now of North Dakota; Joseph and Will- iam, deceased ; Silas, a farmer, and James J., the subject of this sketch. James received his education in the schools of the county, and worked at home on the farm. In 1865 he enlisted in Company I, Heavy Artillery, remaining until the end of the war. After the war, he returned home and engaged in farming, and has now 200 acres of land which he managed, carrying on general farming, until he retired in 1889 and rented his farm. He also has 160 acres in Polk county. He is a Republican and is a member of the G. A. R. John Olson, of Wacouta township, was born in Norway, March 24, 1857, son of Hans and Helen (Johnson) Olson, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1878 and located in IPay HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 991 Creek township and engaged in farming until the death of the father in 1901. The mother still lives on the farm. John received his education in Norway, and came to America with his parents, where he hired out to work on the Ames farm for five years, after which he rented the farm, remaining ten years. Then he purchased forty-eight acres in Section 36, which he improved in every way, both the land and buildings, and lias carried on dairying principally. He also has 240 acres in Belvidere town- ship which he rents. He was married July 6, 1882, to Julia Johnson, daughter of Tollef and Karin (Amundson) Johnson. They have one child, Hiram, who is employed by the express company at Red "Wing. Mr. Olson is a Republican in his political views, and was at one time chairman of Wacouta township for three years. He is also director for school district No. 2. The family attend the St. Peter’s Norwegian Lutheran church. William F. Koester, farmer of Hay Creek township, is the son of Bernard and Annie (Becker) Koester, natives of Westphalia, where he was born in 1872. The family came to America in 1884, and while looking about for a suitable location lived for one year in Red Wing, where William F., then a boy of twelve, attended the public schools and began to learn the English lan- guage, he having previously attended school in Germany. In 1885 the father purchased a farm of 200 acres on Section 2, Hay Creek toAvnsliip, the place being the one now occupied by the subject of this sketch. Father and son at once set about improv- ing and developing the homestead, which is now well kept and about half under the plow. Upon the place general farming and stock raising is now carried on, and dairying is conducted on a somewhat extensive scale. In polities Mr. Koester is a Repub- lican, but he has never sought public office, although his interest in education has caused him to accept the position of clerk of his school district. He was married in 1892 to Annie Sweney, daughter of Michael SAveney, of St. Johns, NeAV Brunswick, Canada. Her father, an early settler of Minnesota, Avent to Cali- fornia in the early days, and upon his return farmed in Goodhue and Wabasha counties, remaining until his death in Wabasha county in 1899. To Mr. and Mrs. Koester haA r e been born three children, George, Angeline and Roland. Bernard Koester, father of William F., served several years in the German army before coming to this country. Christian F. Kalass, of Minneola toAAUiship, a native born son of this state, comes of sturdy old pioneer stock, his parents being Christian and Sophia (GrindAvald) Kalass, Avho came to America from Germany in 1856. After a year in Illinois, they came to Scott county, Minnesota, farmed for nine years, and then mo\’ed to Minneola township in 1866. To a quarter section which he HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 992 originally purchased he later added one and a half section. He developed and improved this land, and carried on general farm- ing until the time of his death, August 7, 1907. The mother is still living on the old homestead. The subject of this sketch attended the schools of Minneola township, and then took up farming with his father until twenty-five years of age, when his parents presented him with 160 acres in Section 2. This prop- erty he has greatly improved, erected a number of buildings and brought the place to a high degree of cultivation and produc- tiveness. Recently he has become interested in scientific for- estry, and has set out 1,080 Norway poplar trees, from which a heavy financial benefit will be received many years hence. In spite of his busy life, Mr. Kalass has found time to serve the town of Minneola as supervisor, a position he occupies at the present time as he has several times in the past. He has been clerk of his school district for the past fifteen years. Aside from his farm holdings, he owns stock in the Zumbrota Clay Manu- facturing Company, and is also interested in the Zumbrota Farmers’ Elevator Company. Mr. Kalass was married November 21, 1894, to Lena Aldag, a native of Germany, by whom he has had issue as follows: Verona, Arnold, Ilulda and Christian. The family worships at the Lutheran church. A. Henry Kellett, painter and paper hanger, came to Zum- brota as a boy Avith the earliest settlers, having been born in Lowell, Mass., March 4, 1854. His father, Thomas P. Kellett, Avas a member of the Stafford "Western Emigration Company and of the Strafford Western Immigration Company, kept the first store in Zumbrota, was the first postmaster, one of the early chairmen of supervisors, and in many ways was prominently identified with the early growth and prosperity of the town and village. A. Henry Kellett attended the early schools of Zum- brota township and village, and clerked for several years in his father’s store. Later he engaged in his present occupation. He has built up a profitable business and has a large list of cus- tomers, his Avork being of the kind that commends itself to all. He is a justice of the peace, and a number of important cases have been brought before him. Mr. Kellett Avas married at Zumbrota to Ida Leonard, daughter of Samuel Leonard, a native of "Wisconsin, who settled in Zumbrota, Avhere he took up farm- ing. Both Mr. Leonard and his wife are now deceased. One son, Everett A., born March 27, 1873, has blessed the Kellett home. He is married and lives in Minneapolis, Adhere he con- ducts a real estate office. Mr. and Mrs. Kellett are Avell regarded in Zumbrota, and their home on Third street has been the scene of many a pleasant gathering of friends. The family faith is that of the Congregational church. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 993 Henry Edwin Larson, of Belle Creek township, was born April 29, 1872, in Belle Creek township, son of John and Hannah Eleffson, natives of Sweden. They came to America and took a homestead of eighty acres of land in Meeker county, Minne- sota, where they remained for two years, when they were forced to leave on account of the Indians. They came to Red Wing for a' short time and later removed to Belle Creek township, where he purchased eighty acres, which the father broke, cleared and improved, carrying on general farming until his death in 1882. The mother is still living and resides with her sons on the farm. Henry received his education in the public schools of Belle Creek and worked on the farm with his father, and in 1894 taking charge of the farm, he carries on a general line of farming, dairying and stock raising. He and his brother, 0. W., own 320 acres of land in Montana, which they are improving. Henry Edwin had three sisters : Anna, married Gustaf Warn, of Feath- erstone; Johanna, married Nels ’Munson (deceased) ; and Hattie, married Swan Warn, died February 1, 1909. Four brothers: John M. (deceased) ; Andrew, now of AYhite Rock; Albert, now of Montana, and 0. W., living at home. Mr. Larson is an inde- pendent voter, and is a member of the Swedish Lutheran church. Ernst Lueck was born in Pine Island township, January 20, 1880, son of August and Augusta (Zimmerman) Lueck, natives of Germany. They emigrated to this country in 1874, settling in Pine Island township, where they engaged in farming. In 1904 they retired and moved to Pine Island village, where they still reside. They had a family of four children : Louisa, Carl, Ernst and Mary. Ernst received his education in the common schools, and when his school days were over he worked on the farm with his father. He has now 185 acres of land, where he carries on a general line of farming and dairying. He has im- proved the place iu many ways, and remodeled the buildings. In 1905 he was married to Elnora Glamm. They were farmers and lived in Pine Island, where they both died. Mr. and Mrs. Lueck have two children : Elmer and Leonard. Mr. Lueck is a Republican in his politics. John Luchan was born in Belvidere township, February 26. 1866, son of Mathias and Ellen (Riggies) Luchan, natives of Germany, who came to America in 1863 and located in Belvidere township, Goodhue county, Minnesota, where they purchased eighty acres of wild land which the father cleared and improved, remaining here a few years, after which he sold, and bought eighty acres in Section 10, same township, where he now resides. Here he built a home, barn for his stock and other buildings necessary. In 1900 he purchased 160 acres of improved land, making 240 acres in all. He has retired and lives with their sons. 994 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Mr. and Mrs. Luchan have been blessed with four children : John, manages the farm with his brother, Henry W. ; Margaret, married John Miller, a farmer of Hay Creek; and Annie, married John Isendorf, a farmer of Belvidere. John and Henry received their education in the common schools of Belvidere, working on the farm with their father and later assuming the management. They carry on general farming and stock raising. They are Republican in their politics, and John has been clerk of school district No. 30 for the past fifteen years. The family faith is that of the Methodist Episcopal church. R. W. Irish, Pine Island village, was born in Dodge county, Minnesota, April 12, 1872, son of Joseph and Evelyn Irish. He received his education in the public schools, after which he went west to the Dakotas, where he was employed as a cattle herder for a few years. He returned to Pine Island and engaged in the barber business for five years. He then purchased the Pine Island Record, which he conducted for five years, after which he sold out and moved to Minneapolis, remaining one year. Returning the second time to Pine Island, he engaged in the general mer- cantile business, but sold out in 1908, and now has several pat- ents for the handling of laces, to which he devotes his entire time. He was married December 1, 1895, to Georgana McCarty, daughter of J. B. and Helen (Wyman) McCarty, who were old gettlers. They have one son, Wynot, who attends school. Mr. Irish is Republican in his politics, and has been deputy oil in- spector of Goodhue county for a number of years. He is a mem- ber of the I. 0. 0. F. and M. W. A. Edward Walter was born in Pine Island township, May 10, 1866, son of Christian and Susan (Bringgold) natives of New York, and came to Pine Island township in 1866 and bought forty acres of land which is inside of the corporation. They are still living in Pine Island. Edward received his education in the common schools of the township, and later engaged in farming. He now has 160 acres of land under cultivation in Pine Island township, and carries on general farming and stockraising. He lias a fine farm, which is well cared for and improved, with good buildings, has a new barn, forty by seventy, and a good house. He was married in 1899 to Minnie Manthei, and two children have blessed this union. Elmer II. and Viola, both of whom are at home. Mr. Walter is an independent voter and a successful farmer. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. No. 84 and he and his family attend the German Lutheran church. V. E. Parker, of Pine Island village, was born in Pine Island township, March 2, 1874, son of Elton C. and Mary C. (Dickey) Parker. His grandfather, James Parker, a farmer of Zumbrota, was one of the early settlers of this county. His father served HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 995 in the Civil War, and enlisted in Company Id, Minnesota Volun- teer Infantry, in 1862, remaining until the close of the war, and took part in all the battles of that campaign. He died when V. E. was only five months old. V. E. Parker received his edu- cation in the common schools of the township, and after leaving school he worked for the Crescent Cream and Cheese Company, remaining with them for ten years. In 1903 he engaged in the general mercantile business in Pine Island, which he has since conducted very successfully, and is a highly respected and promi- nent citizen of Pine Island. He was married in 1900 to Blanche N. Irish, daughter of Loomis P. Irish, president of the State Bank of Pine Island. In politics Mr. Parker is independent. Edwin 0. Johnson, of Red Wing, seventh child of Carl G. * and Sophia (Samuelson) Johnson, natives' of Jonkopingslan, Swe- den, was born in Red Wing, November 3, 1869. His father, who was a carpenter, came to America in 1866 and for two years farmed at Burnside township. In 1868 he took up his residence at Red Wing and until 1880 continued to follow his trade. Dur- ing the latter year he entered the employ of the Red Wing Fur- niture Company, as cabinet maker, continuing at this' work until 1905, when he retired. He died in this city in September, 1908. Plis wife is still living, at the age of seventy-seven years. The schools of Red Wing afforded Edwin O. his early educational training, and in 1884 he entered the employ of the Red Wing Furniture Company as band sawyer. For over a quarter of a century he has continued at practically the same occupation, making a record of industry and faithfulness of which any man might Avell be proud. Mr. Johnson votes the Republican ticket, but has never interested himself in public office. He affiliates with the Scandinavian Benefit Association and belongs to the Swedish Lutheran church. He is still single. Of the eight others in Mr. Johnson’s family, Charlotte, the oldest, married Charles Heglund, of Red Wing; Augusta is deceased; Charles E. lives in this city, as do Gustav A. and Oscar F. ; Nellie J. married Charles McKenna, deceased, and lives in Chicago ; Fred E. is employed in a laundry at Spokane, Wash. The family residence is at 111 East Eighth street, Red Wing. Peter O. Holman, of Wanamingo township, was born in Nor- way April 1, 1831, son of Ole and Sonneva, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1865, living with their son until their death. Peter received his education in Norway and came to America in 1852, locating in Dane county, Wisconsin, where he remained until 1862, when he came to Wanamingo township and bought 160 acres of land which he improved, and erected a house and barn, and has carried on a general line of farming. Mr. Holman was married in 1862 to Karin Everson, whose parents 99 G HISTORY OP GOODHUE COUNTY were natives of Norway. Both are dead. Mr. and Mrs. Holman are the parents of nine children : Lorana, married to Thomas Kennedy, of California ; Ole A., of Minneapolis, engaged in the grocery business; Nels and John, also merchants at Minneapolis; Susanna, of California ; Lena, who is a dressmaker in Illinois ; Julius and Christina, living at home; and Andrew, of Minne- apolis. Mr. Holman has been successful, having through his own untiring effort and hard work risen to the prosperity he now enjoys. He is a stockholder in the Bombay cheese factory, and is a Republican in his politics. The family faith is that of the Lutheran church. Axel H. Dahl, foreman of the finishing department at the Red Wing Furniture Company, was born in Red Wing, Decem- ber .15, 1877, son of Andrew M. and Elizabeth Dahl, of whom a sketch is found in this history. After attending the public schools, Axel in 1891 entered the employ of the finishing depart- ment of the Red Wing Furniture Company and has since con- tinued in the employ of the same concern, being now the fore- man. He is a faithful workman, and highly regarded by his associates. He is also a popular member of the United Work- men, and votes the Republican ticket. Mr. Dahl was married April 24, 1907, to Elsie Eaton, of Frontenac, daughter of Andrew and Ellen (Johnson) Eaton, natives of Norway. The father after locating at Frontenac followed his trade as stone cutter. He died at Red Wing, in December, 1898, his wife having passed away at Frontenac in 1892. Mr. and Mrs. Eaton have one daugh- ter and four sons besides Mrs. Dahl. Edith Margaret lives in St. Paul, Fred M. lives in Minneapolis, and George W. and Henry A. both live in New Mexico. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Dahl has been blessed with three children. The oldest is Roy Andrew. Marion Ruth and Margaret Rachael were twins, the latter dying February 15. 1907. The family worships at the Swedish Lutheran church. Elling M. Erickson, of Roscoe township, was born in Houston county, Minnesota, December 8, 1861, son of Michael and Carrie (Flatland) Erickson, natives of Norway, who came to America and located in Houston county, where they took up a homestead of 240 acres of wild land, which the father broke and improved, built a home, and carried on general farming until his death in 1885. The mother married Torbjorn Kittleson. Elling M. re- ceived his education in the public schools of his county, and at the age of fourteen worked out for farmers until in 1883, when he engaged in farming for himself. He purchased 120 acres of land in Roscoe township, and carried on general and diversified farming and stock raising. In 1893 he added eighty acres to his farm, and later forty, and has all his land under cultivation. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 997 Mr. Erickson was married in March, 1893, to Mary Tostenson, daughter of Thomas and Mary Tostenson, natives of Norway, who came to America and settled in Roscoe township where they engaged in farming, purchasing forty acres of land. Here they remained until their death-. The father and mother are both dead. Mr. and Mrs. Erickson have five children : Ella M., Mabel, Arthur, Lillian and Julia. Mr. Erickson is a Republican. He has served as supervisor and road master for a number of years. The family are communicants of the Lutheran church. David Davidson, of Roscoe township, was born in Norway, April 24, 1831, son of David and Sarah (Llanner) Davidson, natives of Norway. The father was a farmer. He died in 1881. the mother having passed away in 1858. David was educated in the schools of Norway and assisted his father on the farm. In 1865 he emigrated to America and located in Minnesota, where he worked on farms in Holden township, for three years. In 1868 he bought eighty acres in Roscoe township, which he broke and improved. Later he bought 160 acres, and again 140 acres, and carried on general farming and stock raising. In 1905 he retired from active life and lives on the homestead with his wife, leaving the management of his farm to his son. Mr. Davidson was married in November, 1854, in Norway, to Johanna ITastad, daughter of Lars and Ingerborg Hastad, natives of Norway. They came to America and located in Holden township, where they engaged in farming. The father and the mother are de- ceased. Mr. and Mrs. Davidson had six children: Sarah, mar- ried A. Goplin; Dena, married Swan Myren, and she died in March, 1904; Louis and Tver (deceased) ; C. J., living at Roscoe, and Elizabeth (deceased). Mr. Davidson is a Republican. He has served as roadmaster, and he and his family attend the Lutheran church. Mr. Davidson is a good citizen, and has al- ways been a hard worker, having acquired his prosperity which he now enjoys through his own untiring efforts and thrift. He is highly respected by all. William R. Callister, of Kenyon township, was born in the Isle of Mann, March 28, 1857, son of Thomas and Jane (Moore) Callister. In 1869, on the 9th of September, Thomas Callister landed with his family at Castle Rock, Dakota county, Minne- sota, where he remained two years. In 1871 he came to Goodhue county and purchased a quarter section of land in Cherry Grove township, where he spent the remainder of his life. There were eight children in Thomas Callister ’s family, all of whom are living: Catherine, who married William Kinoig; Jane, married William Lace; Annie, married John Golden; William R., the subject of this sketch; John of Kenyon village; George, of Cherry Grove; Ella, widow of Arthur Norton; Emily, married Arthur 998 HISTORY OF GOODI-IHE COUNTY Cook. Thomas Callister died December 29, 1895, the mother having passed away September 10, 1899. William Callister re- ceived his education in the district schools and remained on the farm with his father until he was twenty-one years of age, when he rented a farm in Cherry Grove known as the old Churchill farm, where he remained six years, when he bought 360 acres in Kenyon township. He remained here two years, then sold this farm, and purchased 280 acres in Sections 24 and 25, Kenyon township, where he now lives. December 27, 1881, he was mar- ried to Lizzie Owen, who was born in Green Lake county, Wis- consin, July 13, 1861, a daughter of Robert and Celestia (Beers) Owen, who came to Cherry Grove township in 1871, where they still live. Mr. and Mrs. Callister are the parents of fourteen children: Bert R., born November 27, 1882; George 0., born December 31, 1884; Ella C., born April 1, 1887 ; Merle K., August 13, 1888; Gladys V., October 10, 1890; Warren S., born September 1, 1892; Hazel L., born April 21, 1893; Mona R., born November 25, 1895; Harold G., born January 6, 1897 ; Yernon K., born Feb- ruary 13, 1898 ; Bernice M., July 15, 1900 ; Stanley D., born July 5, 1902; Carol F., born January 20, 1905; and Dorcas L., born October 13, 1907. Mr. Callister was fourteen years assessor of Kenyon township and on the school board nine years. He also- served on the Farmers’ Elevator board at Kenyon for eight years, and on the board of the Farmers’ Co-operative Creamery at Skyberg, since its organization twelve years ago. He was elected county commissioner of Goodhue county, third district, in the fall of 1904, and re-elected in 1908. He was for many years land agent for the Aetna Life Insurance Company in this section. He is a Republican in politics. He is a member of the A. O. U. W and the Modern Woodmen. In religious matters Mr. Callister is liberal and supports each denomination as their needs may require. Carl Grendahl, of Wanamingo township, son of Ole and Ger- trude (Ivyllo) Grendahl, was born in Norway, May 24, 1872. His parents were natives of Norway and came to America in 1879, locating in Roscoe township. Here they purchased 120 acres of land. At the end of six years the farm was sold and the family moved to Canada, where the mother died in 1897. Carl received his education in the public schools of Roscoe, and when his school days were over he engaged in farming in Roscoe until the year 1901, when he removed to Wanamingo township, becom- ing one of the prominent farmers of that township. Mr. Gren- dahl was married June 15 t 1903, to Dena Stai, daughter of Ole and Ram Stai, natives of Norway, who came to this country in the year of 1866, settling in Spring Creek, and eight years after- wards, in 1874, he moved to Wanamingo township and bought HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 999 140 acres of farmland in Section 36. Mr. and Mrs. Grendahl liave two children, one son and one daughter : Clara, born June 11, 1905, and Melvin, born September 27, 1906. Mr. Grendahl is a Republican, stockholder in the Farmers’ Elevator Company of Wanamingo. He and his family attend the Lutheran church. Peter J. Mogaard, of Belle Creek township, was born in Nor- way, April 18, 1842, son of John and Mollie (Mulnuse) Mogaard, natives of Norway. The mother died in 1859 and the father in 1897. Peter received his education in Norway and worked with his father until he came to America, in 1866. He located in Olmstead county, Minnesota, where he remained for three years, when he went to the Pineries at Eau Claire, Wis., where he worked one year; then he spent one year in Menominee, Wis., and in 1871 came to Goodhue county and purchased eighty acres of land in Wanamingo township, where he engaged in farming for six years. He then sold and came to Belle Creek township and purchased 160 acres in Section 21, and later added eighty acres adjoining. This he broke and cleared and built a home and a large barn, and continued to improve and cultivate his land until now he has one of the finest farms in the county. He has carried on general and diversified farming and dairying, also making a specialty of raising Shorthorn cattle. On April 7, 1866, he was married to Bertha Moslet, in Norway. She was a daughter of John 0. and Mollie (Lean) Moslet, natives of Nor- way, who came to America in 1867 and located in Wanamingo township and engaged in farming. The father died in 1879 and the mother in 1906. Mr. and Mrs. Mogaard have had six chil- dren: Michael, of North Dakota; Cornelius, Henry and Paulena, who live at home; John, who is a physician at Chicago; and Simon, now of South Dakota. Mr. Mogaard is a Republican in his politics, but has never sought public office. He is a stock- holder in the Farmers’ Elevator at Wanamingo. He and his family are communicants of the Norwegian Lutheran church. Robert E. Mathews, a retired farmer living at Zumbrota, was born in Ohio, April 15, 1859. His parents, Thomas and Mary (IJalfyard) Mathews, came to America in 1853, locating in Ohio, where the father engaged in farming until the breaking out of the Civil War in 1861, when he enlisted in the Eighth Ohio Vol- unteer Infantry as a private and was killed in the battle of the Wilderness. The mother died in Ohio in 1895. Robert E. spent his early days in Ohio, * receiving his education in the public schools of that state. In December, 1874, he came to Red Wing and took up farming, remaining there until 1879, when he re- moved to Zumbrota, still engaged in farming. In 1883 he became the owner of a fine farm of 160 acres, on which he carried on a general and diversified farming for ten years, after which, in 1000 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1893, he retired from active work and bought a home on East avenue in Zumbrota. Mr. Mathews was married, July 1, 1883, at Zumbrota to Anna J. Miller, daughter of Alfred J. and Amy A. (Davis) Miller, who came from Nova Scotia, first settling in Illinois and later removing to Zumbrota. The father died in 1882 and the- mother is still living. Mr. and Mrs. Mathews had three children: Leslie E., born August 23, 1884; Margie A., born October 7, 1886 ; Robert A., born September 21, 1889. Mrs. Mathews died October 14, 1898, at Zumbrota and Mr. Mathews was married June 24, 1908, to Emma E. Miers, of Zumbrota, daughter of Simon and Catherine (Weiss) Miers, the father being a retired farmer of that place. Mr. Mathews is a Republican in his political views and is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America and the Modern Samaritans. He and his family attend the Methodist Episcopal church. Swen L. Swenson, of Zumbrota village, was born in Minneola township, August 25, 1864, son of Lars and Borgel (Haugen) Swenson. They located in Minneola township in 1860, purchas- ing 170 acres of land, which the father broke and improved, erecting a comfortable home for himself and family, and other farm buildings for his stock. He followed general farming until he retired in 1894, at which time his son, the subject of this sketch, purchased the homestead. Swen L. received his educa- tion in the public schools of Minneola and after finishing his school days remained with his father on the farm, assisting him until he became owner. Lie added many improvements to the place and was a very successful and progressive farmer, continu- ing to live on the farm until 1906, when he rented it and removed to Zumbrota village, purchasing a substantial home, where he now resides with his mother, his father having passed away in 1895. Mr. Swenson is Republican in his political views, but has never sought public office. He has made his own way by industry and perseverance, being a man who was not only a good farmer, but a good citizen, being interested in the affairs of the village in which he lives. He and his mother attend the Lutheran church. Mr. Swenson has never married. Ole A. Stonedahl, of Zumbrota village, was born in Decorah, Iowa, August 25, 1854, son of Ragnald K. and Martha Stonedahl, originally from Norway. They came to America in 1878, locat- ing in Wisconsin for five years, for one year in Iowa, and then in 1854 in Fillmore county, Minnesota, where they purchased 160 acres of land. To this they added at different times until they had 520 acres, which they broke and improved, following general farming up to the time of the father’s death in 1851. The mother died June 20, 1865. Ole acquired his education in the public schools and the business college of LaCrosse, Wis., and HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1001 worked with his father until twenty years of age. Subsequently he farmed one year for himself in the county, worked at the machine trade one year and then located in South Dakota two years.' After this he went to Norman county, Minnesota and homesteaded 160 acres of land on which he farmed for seven years. In 1889 he removed to Cummings, N. D., and bought grain for two years, and in 1891 became manager of the Na- tional Elevator Company for twelve years, after which he ac- cepted the position of general manager for the Zumbrota Farmers’ Mercantile and Elevator Company, which position he still holds. Mr. Stonedahl was married October 9, 1892, at Cum- mings, N. D., to Martha Holm. Their home is brightened by the presence of an adopted daughter Mary and a little niece whom they have cared for since two years old. Mr. Stonedahl is a Republican and has the excellent record of twelve years’ service as constable and two years’ service as assessor at Cummings, N. D. He belongs to the Modern AYoodmen and attends the Lutheran church. Charles Himmelman is a name that will be remembered for many generations to come, whenever the story is told of the early days of Yasa township. He first saw the light of day in Sweden, April 26, 1827, and after going to school and working for a time in that country he came to America in 1853. One year later he took up his residence in Yasa and pre-empted some land, where he carried on farming operations on an extensive scale. Adding to his property from time to time, he finally owned 160 acres, all rich and under cultivation. He was the first chairman of the township of Vasa and he and his family were numbered among those who joined the church at Vasa at the. time of its organization by the Rev. E. Norelius. In 1859, he rented his farm and came to Red Wing, where he carried on the grain business until 1870. In 1862, Avhile still engaged in selling grain, he purchased a farm in Belle Creek township, and eight years later moved onto the place, carrying on general farming for sev- eral years. From 1888 to 1892 he sold sewing machines in Red Wing and then went to California with his family for the benefit of his health. There he remained until his death, November 9, 1901. After his decease, his widow returned to Red AYing and took up her residence at 611 East avenue, where she still resides. Aside from the office above mentioned, Mr. Himmelman saw pub- lic service as supervisor, justice of the peace and town clerk. He was married October 23, 1850, at Boraas, Sweden, to Pauline Constantia Brovall, who came to America in 1857, and joined her husband at Yasa. To this union were born three children: Alma M., born March 10, 1851, died July 26, 1867 ; Teekla M., born March 6, 1852, died March 31. 1852 ; Charles, born May 4, 1002 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1853, at Sweden, is now a farmer in Belle Creek township, this county. Hilma (adopted) married John Webster, of Red Wing. Dr. H. L. Brynildsen, the late physician of Vasa, was born in Nedre Telemark en, Norway, where he for a short period at- tended the public schools. In the early sixties he emigrated to America, settling first in Minneapolis, where he began to study medicine, and later on engaged in the practice of the medical profession in Goodhue county, where he resided about thirty years, until his death, June 29, 1908. During all these years Dr. Brynildsen also engaged in the general merchandise business and enjoyed the confidence of the entire community. Dr. Brynildsen Avas for many years f ‘the Good Samaritan” in Vasa, and hun- dreds are those to whom he extended a helping hand, medical assistance, when in sickness and distress. His true worth has perhaps nor never will be appreciated as it should in Vasa and the surrounding towns, but be that as it may, he was an un- selfish man, possessed of a tender heart and had the welfare of the community at heart. Mrs. H. L. Brynildsen, who is also a native of Norway, was married to Mr. Brynildsen in Minneapolis about thirty years ago and has, together with her husband, spent her life in Vasa, where she still resides with two sons and one daughter. To Dr. and Mrs. Brynildsen were born the folloAving children, who are all alive : Allan Ludvig, hardware merchant, Stampede, N. D. ; Robert Justus, farmer at Fern, N. D. ; Lillie, nee Mrs Bertie Nelson, whose husband is the leading banker and attorney at Flaxton, N. D. ; Delmar, merchant at Vasa, Minn.; and Herbert, who is engaged as a clerk in his brother’s store at Vasa. Delmar Avas born in Vasa, March 12, 1885. He attended the public schools in Vasa and from early boyhood his mind has turned to business, so that it Avas not a surprise to his many friends that he engaged in the mercantile business, in which he is making a splendid success. In December, 1908, he married Alice Larson, the youngest daughter of Gustaf Larson, a well- to-do farmer of Featherstone. Young Brynildsen is a member of the Swedish Lutheran church at Vasa and of the Modern Woodmen of America, takes a great deal of interest in road im- provements and is a rising man in the community. Osee Matson Hall, of Red Wing, Avas born in Conneaut, Ohio, graduated at Williams College in the class of 1868 ; has since resided and practiced law in Red Wing; Avas elected to the fifty- second congress and re-elected to the fifty-third congress, repre- senting the third Minnesota district. At present he is a member of Minnesota State Tax Commission. In the early days of his practice he Avas in partnership with W. C. Wiliston, later district judge-, and later with N. 0. Werner, noAV president of the Swedish- American Bank of Minneapolis. HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1003 Charles P. Hall was born in Red Wing, graduated at Hobart College in the class of 1897 ; taught school one year in western New York, and graduated from the law department of the Uni- versity of Michigan in 1901. Admitted to the bar in Minnesota in 1902; practiced in co-partnership with 0. M. Hall until 1901, when he located at Cannon Falls, holding position of city attor- ney 1905-6-7. At present he practices in Red Wing and Cannon Falls. William Busch received his education in the public schools of Germany, and at the age of twenty years, in 1851, came to America. Seventeen months’ work at the baker’s trade in New York gave him enough money to move to Chicago, where he remained from 1853 to 1858. At Hay Creek, in this county, which was then being settled, he took up a claim of 160 acres and carried on farming about eighteen years. Although he pros- pered in this venture he had a desire for larger business ventures, and in 1876 he sold his farm and came to Red Wing, where he invested his money in several different concerns, including the Goodhue County Bank, of which he is now a director. He is also a' director in the Red Wing Sewer Pipe Company, the Red Wing Milling Company, the Linseed Oil Company and the Red Wing Brick Manufacturing Company. He is vice president of the LaGrange Mills. His real estate holdings include city prop- erty, a 320-acre farm in Yasa township and a 185-acre farm in Featherstone township. In politics, Mr. Busch is a Democrat. He has been to*wnship supervisor and a member of the city coun- cil. In 1853-1854 he served in the militia. To the Knights of Pythias he pays his fraternal allegiance. William Busch was married in February, 1868, to Fredericka Wolbrus, by whom he has six children. Carl E. Vangsness was born in Wisconsin, October 14, 1860, son of Iver and Unni Vangsness. He received his education in Belle Creek, and worked on the farm with his father until he was • twenty-eight years of age, when he purchased eighty acres of land in Section 29 ; he also rents 160 acres and follows a gen- eral line of farming and stock raising. Mr. Vangsness was mar- ried March 2, 1888, to Elizabeth Iverson, daughter of Iver and Berit (Romo) Iverson, natives of Nonvay. They came to America and located in Wanamingo township, where they have spce been engaged in farming. Mr. and Mrs. Vangsness have ten children: Ingmar, who is a student at the State University; Iver, Bella, Henry, Rudolph, George, Ida, Florence, Luella and Clarence. Mr. Vangsness is a Republican in his politics and has been road overseer and director of the school board for several years. He and his family are members of the Norwegian Lu- theran church. 1004 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY George F. Wolfe was born on the farm where he now resides, in Belle Creek township, September 4, 1878, son of Zenius and Susan (Cook) AYolfe. The father was born in Minnesota and the mother in Pennsylvania. The father worked at various labor in early life, then engaged in farming in this county, which he folloAved until his death in November, 1896. The mother still lives with her son. George received his education in Belle Creek township, after which he took up farming on the farm he now owns, renting it in 1901, and in 1904 he purchased it. This farm consists of 200 acres located in Section 16, and was the old homestead of his grandfather Jacob Cook, who purchased the land in 1856. It was all wild land, and he broke, cleared and improved it and followed general and diversified farming until his death. This land is now all under cultivation and George has erected a new house and several outbuildings, following gen- eral farming and stock raising. September 11, 1907, George was married to Sarah M. Nelson, who was a prominent school teacher, having taught for several years in this county. She was the daughter of C. J. and Jennette Nelson. The father was of Swed- ish descent and the mother of Norwegian. They were prominent farmers of Belle Creek township. The father died in June, 1905, but the mother is still living on the old homestead with her son. Mr. and Mrs. AYolfe have no children. Mr. AYolfe is a staunch Prohibitionist in his political views, and is constable of the town- ship, also clerk of the school board of district No. 39, which office he has held for seven years. Mr. and Mrs. AYolfe are mem- bers of the Episcopal church. Fraternally Mr. and Mrs. AYolfe affiliate with the I. O. G. T. of Belle Creek. John A. Cavanaugh was born at Belle Creek February 6, 1871, son of Timothy and Mary (Ryan) Cavanaugh, natives of Ireland. They came to America and located in Belle Creek township, where they took a homestead of 160 acres, which they broke and improved. Timothy Cavanaugh served in the Civil AYar as cor- poral Company G, Seventh Regiment Minnesota Volunteers. Be- side doing a general line of farming, the father raised horses and cattle. In 1886 he had 110 acres under cultivation, and in that year he took up his home in St. Paul, where he died in 1894. The mother is still living in St. Paul. John A. received his edu- cation in the common school of Belle Creek and completed the commercial course of study in the high school of St. Paul. He then worked in a railroad office until the summer of 1894, when he came to Belle Creek and took charge of the farm, doing a general line of. farming. He has eight horses and twenty head of cattle, also raises pure bred Plymouth Rock chickens as a specialty, and is now erecting a 36x78 stock barn which is mod- ern in every way, also 20x36 grain elevator and 20x30 hog house HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1005 in connection with same, all with basement bottom. Mr. Cava- naugh Avas married December 31, 1895, to Annie M. Underdahl, daughter of Engebrecht Underdahl and Johanna Lilleskov, of Norway, who came to America and settled near Cannon Falls, where they carry on a general line of farming. They have now retired from farming and are living in Albert Lea, Minn. Mr. and Mrs. Cavanaugh have a family of six children: Mary T., Thomas E., John H., Bernard F., Joseph I., and Helen J., all at home. Mr. Cavanaugh is an independent voter and the family faith is that of the Catholic church. At the present time he is serving as town clerk of Belle Creek ; he is also secretary of the Farmers ’ Co-operative Elevator of Goodhue. He is a member of the Mod- ern Woodmen of America, the Royal Neighbors and the Catholic Order of Foresters, the latter of which he is financial secretary. Mrs. Cavanaugh is also a member of the Royal Neighbors. A. W. Tillman lives on the Tillman homestead in Welch, which he conducts for the family estate, the property not having been divided upon the death of the parents. He was born in this township, on the place where he still resides, May 7, 1877, son of E. and Nellie (Nelson) Tillman, early settlers of Afton, Washington county, this state, where they settled after coming to this country from Sweden. In 1874 they came to Welch town- ship, and followed farming for the remainder of their lives. The mother died March 23, 1906, and the father August 29, 1908. They left children, all of whom are an honor to the family name. Emma is married; Lillian is at home; A. W. is the subject of this sketch ; Frank is associated with his brother in managing the family estate ; Gillmore is a bookkeeper and stenographer for the Eagle Iron Works at Minneapolis; and Hildegard is at home, keeping house for her brothers. A. W. was brought up on the home farm and has since remained here with the exception of three years at different intervals spent on his farm of 360 acres in Canada. Like many men who like to think for themselves, he is an independent voter. Having a liking for congenial com- panionship, he has associated himself with the Modern Woodmen at Welch. The Tillman estate consists of 120 acres of good land, with comfortable house and buildings, all the improvements being the work of the father and sons. Richard A. Tiller, son of John and Mina (Sjervold) Tiller, was born in Wanamingo township, October 5, 1875. The parents were natives of Norway, where the father was a blacksmith by trade. They came to the United States in 1863, locating in Chicago, 111., where they remained for two years, the father being employed as carpenter. Then they came to Red Wing, where he was employed in Densmore Brothers’ foundry, remaining for ten years, after which he went to Wanamingo and started a 100G HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY blacksmith shop, and in 1894 purchased land consisting of 148 acres. Here he built a home and other outbuildings and carried on general farming and stock raising until his death, February, 1908. The mother is still living on the homestead. Richard received his education in the public school, and after leaving- school days behind worked on the farm with his father until in 1903, when he went into the dray and livery business, which he has since continued. He was married October 28, 1905, to Jen- nie Kolsum, daughter of S. E. Kolsum, a native of Norway, who came- to America and located in Minneola township, and later moved to Cherry Grove township, where they engaged in farming on 160 acres of land. The mother died May, 1893, and the father died January 24, 1908. Mr. and Mrs. Tiller have no children. Mr. Tiller is a Prohibitionist in his politics, and has served as constable for two terms. Mr. Tiller is a succesful busi- ness man, doing an extensive dray and livery business, and has recently erected a new and modern barn. Andrew Johnson, of Welch township, was born in Sweden, April 10, 1846, son of John and Sara Johnson, natives of Sweden. He came to America in 1871 and located in Red Wing, where he worked for farmers for five months, and in the pineries, where he was employed two Avinters. Then he came to Welch toAAm- sliip, renting a piece of land for a short time, after which he pur- chased 162 acres of land which he improved, built a home, and carried on general farming, dairying and stock raising. In 1876 he was married to Eunice Peterson. Their home has been blessed with five children: Mary, married Nels Arlingson, a farmer of Vasa township; Frank A., lives at home; Carrie, Avho is in St. Paul, married Emil Carlson, foreman of the stock yards ; Charles N., is a bookkeeper at Adler & Schacht, of Red Wing; and Arthur C., lives at home. Mr. Johnson is a Republican in his political Auews, and has served as supervisor for the past ten years ; he is also a member of the school board of his district. The family are members of the Swedish Lutheran church, of which he is one of the trustees. Thomas A. Agnew, proprietor of the Cannon Falls Canning Company, is at the head of an institution which has already met with great success, and promises in the future to meet Avith still greater prosperity, furnishing as it does an opportunity to the farmers for disposing of their products without seeking far-away city markets. Mr.. Agnew Avas born April 11, 1873, and, after attending the common schools, learned stenography and book- keeping. His first experience in the canning business Avas in Westfield, N. Y., where he thoroughly mastered all the details. In 1904 he came to Cannon Falls and opened his present estab- lishment, canning vegetables of all kinds, but making a specialty history; of goodhue county 1007 of a fine grade of sweet corn. The corn chosen for canning by Mr. Agnew is of the sweetest and best, and the process insures absolute cleanliness. Mr. Agnew has associated himself with the Masonic order, and in politics he is an independent voter. By Laura Watson, whom he married September 16, 1897, he has one daughter, Dorothy, born March 24, 1907. The family faith is that of the Congregational church. William and Minnie (Leahy) f Agnew, parents of Thomas A., were both natives of Pennsylvania. The mother died in 1877, and the father still lives in his native state, where he is engaged as a railroad engineer. Andrew J. Vangsness, of Belle Creek township, was born in Wisconsin, January 8, 1858, son of Tver and Una Yangsness, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1854 and located in AVisconsin, where the father engaged in general labor until 1862, when they came- to Belle Creek township and purchased 130 acres of wild land on Section 31, which the father broke and cleared, improved the land and built a home and other buildings necessary to carry on successful farming. Here he died on May 2, 1905, the mother having passed away in 1868. Andrew re- ceived his education in Belle Creek township, and worked with his father on the farm until 1905, when he and his brother came into possession of the farm, which they have continued to im- prove, and are now among the leading farmers in the township. Mr. Yangsness was married November, 1885, to Anna Johnson, a native of Norway. They have been- blessed with three chil- dren : Una, born March 20, 1887, married to Carl Nerison, now of Minneola township; Julius, born December 1, 1891, lives at home ; Ingvald, born October 7, 1888, died June 2, 1904. Mr. Vangsness is a Republican in politics and has taken an active in- terest in the affairs of his community. He has served as super- visor for five years, is now treasurer of school district No. 92, and has been road overseer several times. He and his family are members of the Lutheran church. Lewis L. Agrey, of Minneola township, son of Erick and Bertha Agrey, was born June 8, 1854, in Norway. His parents both being natives of that country, immigrating to America in the year 1856 when Lewis was two years old. They settled in AVinneshiek county, Iowa, engaging in farming until 1864, when they moved to Fillmore county, purchased a farm, re- maining here for one year. In the spring of 1865 they removed to Minneola township, purchasing a farm of 166 acres, mostly wild land, which they cultivated and improved. The father died No- vember 1, 1865. The mother continued to live on the homestead until she died, May 1, 1895. Lewis was educated in the public schools of Minneola, and after finishing his education he re- mained on the home farm, building a new house and other build- 1008 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY ings, and followed general and mixed farming ever since. Mr. Agrey is single, living with his mother until her death. He is a Republican and a member of the Lutheran church. Nels Ellingston, proprietor of the Cannon Yalley Stock Farm, Warsaw township, was born in Norway, September 3, 1837, and, after attending school as a boy, took up farming with his father, working in Norway and in Boone county, Illinois, where the family located in 1845. In 1863 he came to Warsaw, purchased 160 acres, and started farming for himself, later adding to his original place by purchase until he now owns 226 acres of excel- lent farm land, upon which he carries on general farming and stock raising, making a specialty of Norman horses and Short- horn cattle. A staunch Republican in politics he has served the town as supervisor and has been clerk of school district No. 52 many years. He has stock in the farmers’- elevators at Cannon Falls and at Dennison, and lias been chairman of the Sogn Co- operative Dairy Association. His wife, Gertrude Lee, whom he married May 25, 1868, has borne him five children : Elizabeth, wife of N. J. Nesheim, of Willow Lake; George II., a professor in the Red Wing Seminary; Gerena, living in Red AYing; Louisa, wife of Christopher Gensvold; and Andrew J., who lives at home. Mrs. Ellingson’s parents were Johannas and Gertrude Lee, who came to America in 1846, located in Illinois and remained several years, after which they took up their residence in Leon township, where they ended their days. Lars and Gerena Ellingson, parents of Nels Ellingson, came to this country from Norway in 1845, and located in Boone county, Illinois, where the mother died in 1849. The father came to Minnesota in 1865 and died in South Dakota in 1875. Jorgen Ingebretson was born in Norway, September 18, 1844, son of Englebret and Dorothy (Johnson) Ingebretson, who came to America in 1872, locating in Michigan, where the father en- gaged in the carpenter’s trade for four years, after which they removed to Wabasha county and engaged in farming. Here they lived for sixteen years, and then came to Wanamingo town- ship to reside with their son. The father died June 30, 1906, while the mother passed away in June, 1889. Jorgen received his education in Norway, and came to America in 1866 and lo- cated in Michigan, where he was employed in the pineries for three years. In 1869 he returned to Norway, remaining one year. In 1870 he came back to America and engaged in car- pentering in Michigan for four years, after which he removed to Wabasha county, Minnesota, and purchased 228 acres of land and carried on general farming until in 1880, when he came to Wanamingo township and bought 320 acres in Section 22, where HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1009 lie built a liome and other outbuildings, following general and diversified farming. Mr. Ingebretson was married in June, 1870, to Dorothy Hanson, natives of Norway, daughter of Hans and Maron (Jacobson) Hanson, who were farmers and fishermen. The father met his death on the sea with eight neighbors, while on a fishing trip in 1848. The mother died in 1865. Mr. and Mrs. Engebretson have had nine children : Mary, married to Peter Thompson; Nettie (deceased); Anna (deceased); Patrena, who is a dressmaker; Nettie, married to E. Everson, of South Dakota; Henry aud John, living at home; Julia (deceased) ; and Nora, living at home. Mr. Engebretson is a Republican in his political views and is a stockholder in the elevator at AVanamingo and the Minneola Creamery. Mr. Ingebretson and family attend the Lutheran church. George M. Harlow, a retired brick manufacturer, living at 1025 Bush street, is a Neiv Englander by birth, a native of San- gerville, Piscataquis county, Maine, where he made his first appearance May 24, 1840. Ilis father, Ivory Harlow (married to Rachael D. Mayo), was a brick manufacturer in Brewer, a suburb of Bangor, Maine, where he continued in business until the time of his death, July 7, 1875. The mother died on the old homestead in 1903. A brother of George M. still carries on the brick business at Brewer, while two sisters are dead. George M. attended the public schools of Brewer and worked in his father’s establishment until reaching the age of eighteen, when he started in business for himself, manufacturing and laying brick. In 1862 he entered the service of the government hi the quarter- master’s department at Nashville, serving until after the close of tbe war. In Red Wing, where he arrived in 1867, he started the manufacture of bricks, also doing general contracting. From that time until 1900, a period of twenty-three years, he continued in business, making and laying the bricks on many important buildings in this city. Since his retirement, he occasionally, as he feels inclined, takes a small contract for mason work. lie has been recorder of the United Workmen twenty-nine years, and gave efficient service to the city of Red AVing four years as a member of the city council, and twelve years on the water board. He votes the Republican ticket, belongs to the Masonic order and attends the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Harlow was married, in this city, March 4, 1868, to Mrs. Alice F. Pratt, daughter of Samuel Carpenter, who is now deceased, as is his wife. Of the eight children born to Mr. and Mrs. Harlow, six are living. Minnie, the oldest, is dead; Grace R., married to Rufus R. Misenhemer, lives at Portland, Ore. ; ^Edward I., is married, and is employed in the advertising department of the 1010 HISTORY OP GOODHUE COUNTY Minneapolis “Journal’'; George C. is civil engineer for the city of Portland, Ore. ; Fred G., living at Minneapolis, is a mail clerk on the Milwaukee railroad ; Ernest, married, is a painter in Minneapolis; Florence G. lives at home, and Harry is dead. Joseph Huneke was born in Westphalia, Germany, September 3, 1854, son of Joseph and Mary Huneke, natives of Germany, where the mother still lives. Joseph received his education in Germany, and came to America in 1874, locating in Goodhue county, Minnesota, where he took up farming on a farm consist- ing of 120 acres of land in Hay Creek township, which he im- proved and built all the outbuildings himself, and where he has carried on- general farming and dairying for the past thirty years, also working part of the time as carpenter. He has eighty acres under cultivation and has a fine home. Mr. Huneke was married in 1879 to Mary Koester, daughter of William Koester, who was one of the early settlers in Hay Creek township ; he came from Germany and engaged in farming. Mr. and Mrs. Huneke have eight children : Theresa, Theodore, who is a farmer of Hay Creek township ; Annie, Frank, Christine, William, Peter and Bernard, all of whom are at home. Mr. Huneke is an inde- pendent voter, and has been supervisor for the past five years, also roadmaster. In 1905 Mr. Huneke paid a visit to his mother in Germany, returning three months later. He is a member of the Sons of Herman, ahd he and his family are members of the Catholic church in Red Wing. Ole A. Haug'en, of Warsaw township, was born in Holden township, September 23, 1865, son of Albert and Susan (Bjora- ker) Haugen, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1855, settling in Holden township, where they purchased 160 acres of land, which the father broke and cleared, and built a house of logs, engaging in general farming. Later he purchased 140 acres, and again 165 acres in Warsaw township. He retired in 1903, and the mother died in 1904. Ole A. received his educa- tion in the public schools of Holden, and worked at home on the farm until 1889. He then purchased the 165 acres in Warsaw township, belonging to his father, and engaged in general farm- ing and raising of horses and stock. All his land can be culti- vated. On October 17, 1889, he was married to Martha Broin, daughter of Jens K. and Guri Broin, of Wanamingo, who came to America from Norway in 1862, locating in Wanamingo town- ship, where they engaged in farming on 160 acres of land, to which they have added until they own over 600 acres. They retired July 13, 1908, but still reside on the homestead. Mr. and Mrs. Haugen have had six children : Ida Sophia, John G., Albion N., Helen A., Otilda M., all living at home, and Clifford, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 10 LI who died in infancy. Mr. Haugen is a Republican in his political views, and has been treasurer of school district No. 53. He is a stockholder in the North Star creamery at Kenyon. He and his family are members of Wang’s Norwegian Lutheran church, of which Mr. Haugen is trustee. Olai Haugen was bom December 3, 1883, on the farm where he now resides, in Section 7, Minneola township. He is the son of Ole and Sigricl (Romo) Haugen, of Norway, who came to America and first located in Rice county, Minnesota, then in Minneola township, where they purchased 200 acres of land. They improved part of this, following general farming until August, 1908, when he retired and moved to Wanamingo village, where he is now located. Olai attended the common schools in his township, then entered the Minnesota Agricultural College in Minneapolis, from which he graduated in 1906. He then re- turned to the farm and worked with his father until 1908, when he took charge of the homestead, carrying on general and diversi- fied farming principally dairying, and making a specialty of high grade stock. Father and son are both staunch Republicans and attend the Lutheran church. The former has served several years as treasurer of school district No. 95. Olai has six brothers and sisters : Siverte, who is a farmer in Wanamingo township; Louis, of Harmony, Minn. ; Hannah, Rebecca and Marite, of Wanamingo ; and Martin, who conducts the farm with his brother. Martin A. Hostager was born in Wanamingo township, Febru- ary 20, 1871, son of Anfin and Mary (Simonson) Hostager, natives of Norway, who came to America and located at Kansas, but later came to Cherry Grove township, where they purchased 120 acres of land and engaged in farming until 1861, when they re- moved to AYanamingo township and purchased 210 acres in Sec- tions 21-22-27-28, which the father improved, building a home and other outbuildings, and followed general farming until 1899, when the family moved to Kenyon village, where the father died in -June, 1901. The mother still lives in Kenyon. Martin A. received his education in the public schools of Wanamingo and worked with his father on the farm until in 1896, when he took entire charge of the homestead, making a great many improve- ments and erecting new buildings, and has carried on a general farming. Mr. Hostager was married March 20, 1896, to Matilda Chrislock, daughter of Roph Chrislock. They have four children : Alfred, Rachel, Mary, Alma, and Rudolph, all living at home. Mr. Hostager is a Republican in his political views, and is clerk of school district No. 62; he is also a stockholder in the elevator and creamery of Wanamingo. Ole J. Hamre was born in AA r arsaw township, on the old home- stead, on October 3, 1863, son of John Torgeson, who came to 1012 H1STOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY America from Norway and located in Racine, Wis., remaining for a year, after which they came to Wai'saw township, Goodhue county, Minnesota, and pre-empted land consisting of 160 acres, which he broke and cleared. Fie built a log house, which he shared with three others, being some of the first settlers, and houses scarce. Later he built a more comfortable home and outbuildings ; also added eighty acres to his land, which he con- tinued to improve, and carried on general farming until his death in 1890, his wife surviving him six years. Ole J. received his education at the public schools of Warsaw, and after leaving school he worked at the blacksmith’s trade for two years, then was employed for six months in the flour mills at Cannon Falls. In 1890 he engaged in business in a general store at Grant, con- tinuing three years, after which he sold out and purchased the old homestead, and has since carried on a general line of farming and raising of fine horses and stock. Mr. Ilamre was married to Gunel Bakken, daughter of Henry and Carrie (Tassa) Bakken, who were natives of Norway, and emigrated to America and located in Warsaw township, where he pre-empted 160 acres of land and carried on general farming, adding later forty-six acres. The father died in 1905, but the mother is still living on the homestead. Mr. and Mrs. Harare have nine children: Emelia, Johnnie, Ilelga, Paul, Carl, Margaret, Denali, and Ole, who live at home, and Carrie, now of Iowa. Mr. Hamre is a Republican in his political views and has served as chairman of the town of Warsaw for four years, supervisor for eight years. He is agent and director for the Holden and Warsaw Fire Insurance Com- pany, in which capacity he has served for eighteen years. He is also a stockholder in the Farmers’ Elevator at Kenyon. Richard H. Dorn, a well known Minneola farmer and an ac- complished musician, was born on the place where he still lives, February 17, 1868, son of John and Bertha (Kopplin) Dorn, natives of Germany. The father, who was a farmer and mer- chant, was born in Germany and came to America in 1855, locat- ing in Watertown, Wis., for a period of six years. He then came to Minneola township and purchased 160 acres, which he broke, cultivated and improved, erecting a home and other neces- sary buildings. To this farm he added three quarter sections at different times, but sold 313 acres, leaving the home farm now consisting of 327 acres, which is conducted by the brothers, Richard and Julius Dorn, who raise the usual crops and breed horses, cattle and sheep. The father died in 1903, and the mother still lives on the old homestead. Richard received his education in the public schools, and also studied music. He has always remained on the home farm. He is a cornet player and played for eight years in the Ilader band. In 1893 he organized the HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1013 Minneola brass band, which has a membership of seventeen. Of this band he was leader two years. In politics Mr. Dorn is a Democrat, and for many years served as roadmaster. In the Dorn family were ten children: Paul lives in Minneola town- ship ; Louis lives in Otter Tail county ; Clara lives in Zumbrota ; Julius is at home; Frank S. lives in Rochester; Richard lives at home ; Bertha lives in Brookfield ; Tracey lives in Goodhue, and Matilda and Elenor are both at home. Edward Back was born in Ontario, Canada, August 7, 1815, son of Edward and Letitia (Robinson) Dack. He received his education in Canada and came to the United States in the early sixties with his parents and located in Stanton township, Good- hue county, Minnesota, where they purchased 195 acres of land, which he and his father broke and improved, and remained with his father until the latter’s death, assuming charge of the farm, which he has improved, and planted trees, and in every way beautifying the place. He has carried on general farming, and has almost all his land under cultivation. In 1871 he was mar- ried to Rebecca Variem, daughter of William and Sarah (Kings- ton) Variem, natives of New York, who were old settlers of the county. Both parents are dead. Mr. and Mrs. Dack have been blessed with thirteen children, of whom seven are living : Me- linda J., Lizzie, Pearl, Edna, Genevieve, Abigail and William. Mr. Dack is Republican in his politics, and has served on the school board. Herman Dahl, of Zumbrota township, was born in Minneola township, October 12, 1870, son of S. T. and Martha T. Dahl, both natives of Norway. In 1856 they- emigrated to America, locating in Minneola; three years later, in 1859, they home- steaded eighty acres of wild land, which they broke and culti- vated, making many improvements. Later he added eighty acres to the homestead farm, seven of these adjoining in 1894. He purchased a farm of 240 acres in Zumbrota township, and fol- lowed general farming, where the father still lives, the mother having passed away June 5, 1904. Herman acquired his educa- tion in the schools of Minneola and after finishing his studies he assisted his father on the farm, until he was twenty-six years of age. In 1896 he went with his father to the Zumbrota farm of 240 acres, which he has continued to improve, having it all under cultivation, and rebuilt the home. January 1, 1904, he was married to Kate Seibrecht, daughter of Henry and Catherine (Augustine) Seibrecht, who were farmers of Pine Island. Her mother died July 17, 1907, and her father still lives on the farm. Mr. and Mrs. Dahl have one child. Sylvester. Mr. Dahl is inde- pendent in his political views. He is supervisor of Zumbrota. and also road overseer. He is a member of the Farmers’ Ele- 1014 II I STORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY vator Company, of Zumbrota ; lie also belongs to the Modern Samaritans. ITe and liis ivife are members of the Lutheran church. Mr. Dahl is a good citizen, taking an interest in the affairs of his county, and is highly respected by all who know him. Michael H. Gregoire, proprietor of Maple Grove Farm, was born in Belgium, August 28, 1853, son of John B. and Gertrude (Hubberty) Gregoire. The father was a native of France and the mother a native of Belgium. They came to America in 1856 and located in Sheboygan county, Wisconsin, where they pur- chased 320 acres of land and built a home and all necessary buildings, carrying on general farming until in 1889, when they retired from active life. The father died in May, 1905. The mother makes her home with her daughter in Chicago. Michael Id. received his education in the public schools of Wisconsin and worked on the farm at home until in 1878, when he rented 120 acres of his father, which he conducted for five years. In 1883 he came to Minnesota and purchased 160 acres of improved land and built a home, barn and other outbuildings, and has carried on a general line of farming. In 1893 he bought 160 acres more in Belvidere, and also has 160 acres of improved land in North Dakota. All his land is under cultivation. He makes a specialty of raising fine horses and stock. On January 29, 1878, he was married to Annie Smith, daughter of Michael Smith, who located in Wisconsin, where the mother died and the father passed away in 1902. Mr. and Mrs. Gregoire have been blessed with eleven children: Edward M., of North Dakota; Elinora C., who has charge of the printing department at the Sisters’ Home, Notre Dame College, Milwaukee, Wis. ; John (deceased); May, married Clements Mageras, of Belvidere; William; Alvina; Arthur ; Grace and Gertrude, twins, live at home ; Michael and Caroline (deceased). Mr. Gregoire is a Demoerat'in his political views, and was assessor of Belvidere for five years ; also has been clerk of school district No. 101 for the past fifteen years. He is a stockholder in the Farmers’ Elevator of Goodhue and the Mercantile Association of Goodhue. Fraternally he affiliates with the A. O. U. AY. of Goodhue, and has held different offices, now being Master Workman of Goodhue. The family faith is that of the Catholic church. .Cliff W. Cress, cashier of the Citizens’ State Bank, of Can- non Falls, is well known in banking circles, having been presi- dent of the Minnesota Bankers’ Association in 1905-06. No less is he honored at home, where he has been president of the school board for the past sixteen years. He was born in St. Paul, April 23, 1864, and was taken to Nortlifield by his parents when a small boy, receiving there his early education. After leaving HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1015 school, lie secured a clerical position in the Citizens’ State Bank, of that city, serving successively as bookkeeper, teller and as- sistant cashier. In 1893 he removed to Cannon Falls, and estab- lished the Servier-Bess banking house, which in 1895 was con- verted into a state bank, with Mr. Gress as cashier. He was married April 18, 1893, to Marion He'ald, daughter of Charles T. and Amelia (Aiken) Heald, the former of whom is a banker of Canton, 111. Mr. and Mrs. Gress attend the Congregational church. William Spilman, oldest son of Peter and Teresa (Ivoester) Spilman, Avas born in Hay Creek township in 1876, and has always made his home here. His parents came to this township before the Civil War, took up land, and carried on general farm- ing for many years. In 1908 the father retired, purchased city property and moved to Ked Wing, where he now makes his home. Aside from William, the children in the family were Mary, Emma and Peter, born in the order named. William was sent to the district schools and acquired a good common school education. Since early boyhood he has worked on a farm, and is now acknowledged as an expert in that line, owning 160 acres of good land, about 100 of which is under the plow. He does general farming and raises some live stock. Mr. Spilman was married in 1908 to Clara Miller, daughter of George and Emma Miller. The family faith is that of the Catholic church. It is interesting to note that when Peter and Teresa Spilman came to this country they made a part of the trip in an ox cart in true pioneer fashion, bringing with them the furniture and other equipment for starting life anew in the wilderness. They after- ward used two oxen in breaking the land and in hauling their crops, horses being a rarity in this pai't of the country in those early days. Lambert Skillman, a native of Red Wing, was born April 25, 1868, son of John and Clarincla (Philley) Skillman, of New York state, who migrated west to Belchester, Wabasha county, Min- nesota, in 1859, and remained there until 1861, when they moved to Red Wing, where they engaged in the hotel business until 1868. They then came to Zumbrota and followed farming, pur- chasing a large tract of land in Lac qui Parle county, Minnesota. The father and mother spent the years 1901 and 1902 in Cali- fornia, where the father died and where the mother resided. Lambert received his education in Zumbrota, after which he car- ried on farming in Lac qui Parle county until 1898, when he went to Appleton, AVis., engaging in the machine business for two years. He then spent two years in California, returning to Zum- brota in 1902, engaging in contracting work until October, 1907, when he established a machine business which he has since con- 1016 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY tinned. This enterprise includes a repair shop for automobiles and gasoline engines and a store for sporting goods, paints and oils. Mr. Skillman was married June 23, 1897, to Hannah M., daughter of John and Rhoda Bardwell. The father was a miller and died some years ago, while the mother is still living. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Skillman has been blessed with one child, Leona, who was born September 4, 1898. Lambert Skillman is a Republican and attends the Baptist church. Fraternally he asso- ciates with the Modern Woodmen of America. Lie has succeeded well in all his undertakings and is well liked by his many friends. Henry Stehr, of Zumbrota township, was born in Goodhue county, Minnesota, February 21, 1881, son of J. D. and Mattie Stehr, natives of Germany. They came to America in 1864, locat- ing in Hay Creek, where they engaged in farming on a farm of eighty acres, remaining five years, after which they removed to Goodhue township and purchased 160 acres of improved land. This they continued to improve and carried on general farming until 1902, when he retired from active life and moved to Lake City. The mother died in 1897, but the father is still living. In 1908 he visited his old home in Germany, returning in the fall of that year. Henry receiyed his education in Goodhue township, and at the age of seventeen years his father gave him eighty acres of land in Goodhue township, on which he farmed for five years. In 1903 he sold this place and purchased the D. M. Hall farm of 160 acres, in Zumbrota township, and has since followed general and diversified farming and stock raising. Mr. Stehr was married in 1902 to Mattie Luman, daughter of John and Mattie Luman, who were farmers in Goodhue township. They have two children : LaAvrence, born April 3, 1903, and Sylvester, born June 23, 1908. Mr. Stehr is a Democrat in his political views, but has never sought or held any public office. The family attend the German Lutheran church. Erick O. Swenson Avas born in Minneola tOAvnship June 12, 1869, son of Ole and Gunor (Rnde) Swenson, of Norway, Avho came to America and located in Minneola township and engaged in general farming until the death of the father. The mother is still living with her son, and is eighty years of age. After receiving his education in the common schools of Minneola, Erick worked with his father on the farm until 1897, Avhen he purchased the homestead of 185 acres, located in the northwest corner of section 28, where he has since carried on general farm- ing. He lias greatly improved the farm, has remodeled all the buildings and erected a 50-foot poAver windmill. In 1905 he Avas married to Alfreda Hanson, a native of Norway, and they have three children : Ole, born April 5, 1906 ; Hilda, born April 6, 1907, and Gladys, born April 12, 1909. Mr. Swenson is a Repub- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1017 lican in his polities, and is a stockholder in the Wanamingo Creamery. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran church. Alfred K. Simmons, a successful Red Wing Dentist, is a native born son of this city, his father being 0. K. Simmons. He was born June 6, 1875, and attended the public schools, after which he decided to make the profession of dentistry his life work. Through a year each in the dental department of the state uni- versity, the Chicago College of Dental Surgery and the Louis- ville College of Dentistry, he acquired excellent training, and graduated from the latter school in 1899. He started practice in Spring Yalley, AYis., and remained there until 1903. After a year in St. Paul he returned in 1901 to the city of his birth and opened an office on Bush street, well equipped with all the latest appliances. He has a large practice and enjoys the confidence of all who have availed themselves of his services and advice in dental matters.' Dr. Simmons belongs to the Psi Omega Delta fraternity and to the Louisville College Alumni Association. He was married July 17, 1902, at Red Wing, to Carrie Christopher- son, of Eau Claire, Wis., daughter of John Cliristoplierson, native of Norway. After many years’ residence at Eau Claire they moved for a time to Dakota, later returning to Eau Claire. The father is deceased and the mother still survives. To Dr. and Mrs. Simmons have been born two children, Knute N. and Arvicl K. The family faith is that of the Norwegian Lutheran church. William P. Glardon, who has given general satisfaction to the people of Red Yung as president of the board of public works, is engaged in the dray mg and transfer business, dealing also in coal and wood on a large scale. He was born at Lawrenceburg, Ind., April 17, 1858, son of Peter F. and Sarah E. (Cox) Glardon. the former a native of France and the latter of Boone county, Kentucky. Peter F., the father, was born September 6, 1820, and came to this country with his parents in 1831, settling in Butler county, Ohio. He then lived for a time in Indiana, and was married December 30, 1852. In November, 1865, after having served with valor as captain in the Civil War, he migrated with his family to Wisconsin, settling in Trenton, Wis. In 1867 he came to this city and started the cooper business, which in 1872 he sold to O. Fames, becoming superintendent for Mr. Eames. He died in this city in October, 1895, and his wife passed away in February, 1906. William P. was brought to Red Wing as a boy and attended the public and high schools. After leaving school he worked several years with his father, and did other work until he became manager of the Eames livery business for five years, and for two years engaged in a similar business for himself, with Edward Johnson as partner. In 1886 he started the draying and transfer business, which he has since continued 1U1S HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY with much success. He also deals in coal and wood, owns eighteen horses and employs a number of men. His office is at 209-211 Broadway. Mr. Glardon is a director of the Modern Woodmen, in which society he has occupied all the chairs. He is a Democrat in politics, and the family faith is that of the Epis- copal church. William P. Glardon was married in April, 1883, to Caroline Lillienthal, of White Water, Wis., daughter of Will- iam Lillienthal, natives of Germany, who came to the United States in 1870 and located at Rome, Wis., where the father worked as a stone mason. Mr. and Mrs. Lillienthal now live at Palmyra, Wis. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Glardon lias been blessed with six children: Jessie M., born July 28, 1884; AYalter E., born October 14, 1885 ; Mollie, born May 3, 1887 ; Frances, born October 19, 1890 ; Margaret, born August 9, 1895, and AVill- iam D., born August 9, 1898. The family residence is a pretty home at 468 Seventh street. Mr. Glardon has three brothers, all living in Red AVing. They are George, Walter and Frederick. Frank M. Wilson, attorney at law, Red AVing, waS born in New Albany, Ind., March 30, 1845, son of H. B. AVilson, a native of Maine, and Mary J. Chandler AVilson, a native of Virginia. He came to Red AVing as a boy in 1858, and after attending the public schools, entered Ilamline University. In 1862-63 he at- tended the West Point Military Academy, at AVest Point, New A r oi\k. Later he took a course at the University of Indiana, at Bloomington, Ind. His law education was obtained in Milan, Ind., in the middle sixties, his preceptor being Steven Harding, afterward governor and chief justice of Iowa. Mr. AVilson then returned to Red AVing, where he has since practiced law. He was married in 1875 to Clotilde Marconnier, by whom he has one son, Horace A., born August 1, 1878, now a leading attorney of Seattle, AVash. Mrs. Clotilde AVilson died in 1879 and in 1883 Mr. Wilson married Emma IJeising, by whom he has one son, Harry, born July 22, 1884, noAV of the firm of Augstine & AVilson, Red Wing hardware merchants. Mr. Wilson served in the legis- lature in 1893-95, was county attorney in the eighties and city attorney at various times. He has been a delegate to many con- ventions, both county and state. He belongs to the Masons and the Elks. Arthur P. Pierce, the genial mayor of Red AVing, has occu- pied the mayoralty chair of the city for a longer period than any other man in its history. He is of New England parentage, born in Hudson, N. II., November 10, 1855, son of John Preble Pierce and Martha Ellen (Chase) Pierce. As a small boy he came to what was then the village of Red Wing and lived with his uncle, the banker, J. C. Pierce. He attended the schools of Red Wing and in 1875 graduated from the Shattuck School at HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1019 Faribault. After a number of years as bank clerk in Zumbrota and also in the Bank of Pierce, Simmons & Co., of Red Wing, lie started in the insurance business, which he has since continued, having an office on Main street. In 1893 he was first elected mayor and since that date has served continuously with the ex- ception of the term 1899-01, when E. II. Blodgett served; and 1901-03, when John H. Rich served. He was commissioned first captain of Company G, First Minnesota National Guards, at the organization of the company and remained in that office until June 13, 1887, when he was promoted to major. Subsequently he was promoted to lieutenant colonel, resigning in 1894. Later he again entered the local company and served as captain from January 6, 1902, to. July 7, 1905, when he retired from the ser- vice. Mayor Pierce was the fourth president of the Commercial Club and in this capacity he has served several years. He has also been fleet captain of the yacht club for several years. In addition, to these two organizations, he belongs to the Elks. He married Jennie C. Cummings, of Windsor, Vt. This union has been blessed with four children, as follows : George ; Kate, now Mrs. Fred Seebach; Marian, now traveling in Europe, and Ray- mond, who attends the public schools. Several years ago. Mr. Pierce was elected secretary of the Red Wing Building Associa- tion, a position he still retains. The story of the growth and development of Red Wing under his administration, as well as the account of the beautifying of the Mississippi levee, which was his pet project, is told elsewhere in this history with the records of the municipal government of the city. David Middleton Neill, manager of the Red AA 7 ing Telephone Company, was born in Perthshire, Scotland, February 2, 1852, and came to America with his parents, John and Margaret (More- land) Neill, in 1860. They located in Montgomery county, New York, where the father was a contractor for the structural iron works for one year, after which they migrated west and settled in Columbia county, AVisconsin, and engaged in farming. The father died in June, 1879, and the mother in 1903. David M. Neill received his education in the district school and later at- tended the high school at Portage, Wis. He then entered the drug store of Purdy & Merrill at Portage, with whom he re- mained eleven years, after which he went into the same business for himself at Big Stone City, N. D. In 1883 he sold out and engaged in the lumber business at Ortonville, becoming super- intendent of all retail yards for the Charles Betcher Lumber Company of Red Wing. In 1886 he came to Red AVing, where he held a similar position in the same firm. He became manager * of the Red AYing Manufacturing Company in 1889, and subse- quently became president of the company. He severed his con- 1020 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY nection with the* company in 1904 and organized the Red Wing Telephone Company of Red Wing, December 15 of that year, being elected secretary, treasurer and manager at its incorpora- tion. In 1908 Mr. Neill was elected president of the Minnesota Federation of Commercial Clubs and was re-elected in 1909. He has served as president of the Red Wing Commercial Club, and in September, 1909, was appointed by Governor Eberlmrdt as a member of the Governor John A. Johnson Memorial Commission. Mr. Neill was married May 20, 1875, to Alice A. Purdy, of Fox Lake, Wis., daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Edmund Purdy, and to them have been born three children : Edmund P., July 26, 1877, now advertising representative of the Billings “Gazette and Journal” at Billings, Mont.; Victor S., born April 20, 1884, now engaged with liis father as assistant manager and chief inspector of the Red Whig Telephone Company, and Margaret A., born October 6, 1890, who is attending the Lutheran Ladies’ Seminary. In politics, Mr. Neill is a Republican and in religion a member of the Presbyterian church. He was a member of the board of public works in 1907, and was one of the organizers of the library board, of which he was the first president. Charles J. Sargent, cashier of the Goodhue County National Bank of Red Wing, was born in Mower county, Minnesota, Sep- tember 13, 1872, son of Millard II. and Elizabeth (Decker) Sar- gent, natives of New York and Pennsylvania respectively. They migrated west in 1858, and located in Mower county, where they engaged in general farming, and where they still reside. Charles J. received his education in the public schools of his neighbor- hood, attended the high school of Austin and upon completing his studies entered the First National Bank of Austin, with which he remained until 1906, when he resigned his position as teller and came to Red AVing to assume the responsible position of cashier of the Goodhue County National Batik, which posi- tion he still holds. He is also secretary, treasurer and one of the trustees of the Goodhue County Savings Bank. During his resi- dence here he has shown his public spirit by associating himself with the Red AVing Commercial Club, and has taken an active interest in the Civic League, of which he was president in 1908. He is a member of the M. AA r . A., and belongs to the Presbyterian church, in which he takes an active interest. In September 4, 1895, Mr. Sargent was married to Katherine Fox, of Austin, Minn., and they have two children, Ruth A., born September 30, 1899, and Ralph M., born May 10, 1904. The family resides in a nice home at 718 East avenue. Ole A. Strand, of Minneola township; now deceased, was a sturdy old Norse pioneer, born in Ilallingdahl, Norway, in 1843. He came to the United States with his parents, arriving July 4, 0. A. Strand HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1021 1856. The family located on section 34, Minneola township, and in the old homestead both parents passed away. Ole A. Strand Avas raised on the farm and until the outbreak of the Civil War, remained Avith his parents, or worked for the neighboring farm- ers. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Captain Williston’s com- pany, Avhich became Company G, Seventh Minnesota Volunteer Infantry. He was a bugler and served much of the time at brigade headquarters. At the battle of Nashville he carried dispatches amid scenes of the greatest danger. He Avas mustered out with his company, August 16, 1865, at Fort Snelling, and then returned to his farm, carrying on general farming and stock raising for the remainder of his life. He met an untimely death in Zumbrota, September 20, 1906, as the result of bursting a blood vessel during a runaway. Mr. Strand Avas married to Brethea Lysne, daughter of Ole T. Lysne, a native of Norway. Mrs. Strand was born in Norway in 1845 and came to this coun- try Avith her parents in 1856, being one of thirteen children. Mr. and Mrs. Strand had eleA r en children, five of whom are dead. The living are : Matilda A. ; Alfred ; Annie, Avife of P. A. Hen- ning, to Avhom she has borne one child, Orrin; Selma, uoav Mrs. Woodbury; Oscar B., a graduate of the laAV department of the Minnesota State University; Carl I., a graduate of the Zumbrota high school. Mrs. Strand is still living on the home place, which is managed by the son Alfred. During his life Ole A. Strand seived many years on the school board of district 138 and was a thorough believer in education. He served some time as super- visor and Avas chairman of his township at the time of his death. He Avas a hard working man, thoroughly respected and Avell liked throughout the county and tOAvnship. James D. Grover, Zumbrota, is a native-born son of this county, having first seen the light of day in Zumbrota, March 29, 1872. Since that date he has continued to make his residence in the village of his birth. His parents, Barker C. and Lizzie Grover, came 3iere in the early post-bellum days. The former was born in Bethal, Oxford county, Maine, in 1840, and there in 1863 married Lizzie Rose, who was born in Plymouth, Mass., in 1840. Together they came to this county in April, 1868, and here B. C. Grover became a prominent resident, taking up farm- ing and the livery business. He has serA T ecl in the legislature and held many other positions of public trust and honor. James D. attended the graded and high schools of Zumbrota and took up work in his father’s stable, in Avhieli employment he has since remained, being noAV part OAvner of the stable, the firm name be- ing B. C. GroA^er & Son. The subject of this sketch served five years in the national guard and has been constable eight years. He 1022 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY votes the Republican ticket, and belongs to the Masons and the Woodmen. He was married, May 25, 1901, to Elina S. Stageberg. A. G. Henderson, for twenty-five years a prominent clothing merchant of Red Wing, was born in Stavenger, Norway, Janu- ary 6, 1844, and there received his boyhood education. At the age of thirteen years he came to America and remained for a considerable period. In 1875 he engaged in the clothing busi- ness in Red Wing and after twenty-five years of active commer- cial life, retired. He died September 23, 1907, as the result of a stroke of apoplexy. Mr. Henderson was interested in various business enterprises, and had a part in starting several of the important industries in the city. He was shrewd and frugal, and thus accumulated a fortune estimated at between $300,000 and $500,000. He had the faculty of looking into the future, and was a thorough believer in Red Wing as a future commer- cial center. Mr. Henderson is survived by two children, Mrs. L. M. Ivoons, of Minneapolis, and George Norman, also of that city. J. Adolph, another son, died in the spring of 1909. William Hennings, a hard working farmer of Goodhue town- ship, was born in Germany, April 15, 1845, and there received his education. He came to America in 1857 after the death of his mother, with his father, and assisted on the home farm until 1868, when he purchased eighty acres in Goodhue township, where he has since continued to reside. He has increased his Goodhue farm to 24614 acres and in addition to this owns a half section elsewhere. He carries on general farming and stock rais- ing on a large scale, having met with considerable success. He has served one term as supervisor of his township and six years as a member of the school board. Mr. Hennings votes independ- ently, and belongs to the I. O. O. F. By liis wife, Catherine, whom he married September 17. 1871, he has had eight children: Annie Maria ; Frederick ; Sophia ; AY. II. : Louisa C. ; Lena II. ; C. G. and John L. Frederick and Maria Viet Hennings, parents of William Hennings, were natives of Germany, where the latter died in 1857. Soon afterward, the father came to America and settled in Featherstone township. Albert W. Pratt was born in Chagrin Falls, Ohio, July 10, 1837, son of Richard and Sarah (Fitch) Pratt, who located in that place in 1835. The father was a native of Massachusetts and the mother of New York state. At Chagrin Falls, Richard Pratt engaged for many years in the boot and shoe business. For a time he lived in Keokuk, Iowa, but later returned to Cha- grin Falls, where he died in 1868. His wife died at Hamilton, III, in 1872. Albert W. received his early education in the schools of his native town, and for several years was employed in the postoffice at Painsville, Ohio. He came to Red Wing in A. G-. Henderson HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1023 1856 and was commissioned by Judges H. and E. T. Wilder to sell land warrants, and loan money to new settlers, who took advan- tage of the pre-emption law. In this capacity he continued until 1857, when the land office was removed to Henderson, Minn., Mr. Pratt going with the office and following the same business until the Indian outbreak of 1862, at which time he was ap- pointed a member of the board of state auditors, to adjust claims made by the whites for property impressed by the state to enable them to fight the Indians. Locating again in Red Wing in 1863, he entered the office of Judge Wilder, at the same time working in the bank of Pascal Smith as clerk. In 1865, when the banking- business of Mr. Smith was disposed of to the First National Bank, Mr. Pratt became connected with the latter institution, serving as bookkeeper until 1868. In 1868 with J. C. Pierce and T. K. Simmons, he organized the bank of Pierce,- Simmons & Co.; Josia C. Pierce was the first president, and Mr. Pratt the cashier. Upon the death of Mr. Pierce, Mr. Pratt succeeded him as presi- dent, occupying that position until January, 1908, when he re- signed and retired. In addition to his banking interests, Mr.' Pratt opened , what he called “The Old Book Store,” on Bush street, which he later sold to Arthur D. Danielson, the present proprietor. A Democrat in politics, Mr. Pratt has always been interested in public affairs, and for many years he served as treasurer of the city. Pie is a member of the Episcopal church and belongs to the Elks. The subject of this sketch was married at Painsville, Ohio, November 8, 1860, to Agnes V. Russell, of that place. Four children have blessed the union. Tracy AY. is general manager of the large cotton and oil works at Hunts- ville, Ala. Henrietta S. is the wife of Ralph Taber, a literary man of some note. Russell A. is manager of a bottling establish- ment at Sheffield, Ala., and Arthur P. is in charge of the Coca- Cola Bottling Company in New York City. Mrs. Pratt died in Red Wing in 1897. Otto Remmler, whose efficient service as alderman from the first ward in Red Wing has done much to advance the interests of the city in the past twelve years, was born in St. Louis, Mo., February 10. 1869, son of Adolph and Helena Remmler. He at- tended the Catholic parochial school and the public schools of Red AVing, after which he entered St. John’s College at College- ville, Minn. Subsequently he attended the Maryland Military and Naval Academy at Oxford, Md., and completed his schooling with a commercial course. After leaving school he was em- ployed by August Beck & Co., the B. & T. Tobacco Company and the Twin City Rapid Transit Company. He is now manager of Remmler ’s Brewery, in which capacity he has demonstrated his business ability. Mr. Remmler is known for his good fellow- 1024 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY ship and is prominent in fraternal circles, being a member of the Red Men, the Elks, the A. 0. U. W., the Sons of Herman, the Sons of Veterans, the United Commercial Travelers, the United States Brewers’ Association, the Red Wing Commercial Club and the Red AVing Yacht Club. He is a Republican in polities and has served as alderman from the first ward since 1897 with the exception of 1903-4 and 1907-8. Air. Remmler was married May 27, 1892, to Rosie C. Bremer, of St. Paul, Minn. Mr. and Mrs. Remmler have one daughter, Elsie, born November 23, 1893. Rev. Chauncey Hobart, now deceased, was born in St. Albans, Vt., June 9, 1811, son of Calvin and Sarah Hobart, who were natives of New England. He came with his parents to Schuyler county, 111., in 1823, where his father built the first cabin, and. here Mr. Hobart was educated by his parents, who had both been teachers before their marriage. In 1831 he enlisted as a private in Captain Fellows’ company, in General Duncan’s brigade of volunteers, in the first campaign of the Black Hawk war, and later was enrolled as a non-commissioned officer in Captain Hol- lingsworth’s company, Fourth regiment, of General AVliiteside’s brigade, where lie served for a time. In 1834 he was converted and became a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was licensed to preach in September, 1836. His first appointment was on the frontier in Iowa and he served as pastor of churches in many towns of Illinois, Wisconsin and Minnesota. In 1849 he came to Minnesota and was stationed at St. Paul, and was presiding elder of the Minnesota district of the Wisconsin con- ference. In 1850 he took charge of the district, which included all of Minnesota and Wisconsin west of the Wisconsin river, continuing four years. He was stationed at Milwaukee one year, and returned to Red AVing in 1855 ; in 1857 he organized the Lake City circuit. In 1858 he was presiding elder of Prescott dis- trict, and in 1861 was chaplain of the Third Minnesota Volun- teer Infantry. He resigned in April, 1862, and served as pastor and presiding elder in Wisconsin and Minnesota until he retired from active work. In 1875 he served at Red AVing as pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church for two years. Rev. Hobart was twice married. His first wife was Betsey C. Ticknor, whom he married April 13, 1834, and died January, 1867, and in April, 1868, he married Harriett A. Duncan, of New York city. She died February 17, 1898. Mrs. Harriet A. Duncan Hobart was born in the north of Ire- land in 1825 and in the early days came to this country, where she engaged in teaching school in New York city for twenty-five years. During this time she was also principal of a school for fifteen years. She was married to Rev. Chauncey Hobart in 1868. Mrs. Hobart was a great advocate of temperance and worked . +• E. W. Schmidt HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1025 faithfully and with great zeal in the W. C. T. U., being president of the Minnesota union from 1881 to 1891. In recognition of her faithful service in the W.-C. T. U. they have placed a panel memorial window to her in the new First Methodist church at Red Wing; the other panel in the same window was given in memory of her husband by James and Mathew Norton, of Winona, Minn. Active in missionary work, Mrs. Hobart served in the state offices as secretary and treasurer at different times and spoke in the interest of the union, all the time traveling ex- tensively and almost up to the end of her life. She died Feb- ruary 17, 1898. August E. Engstrom, former county superintendent of schools, now deceased, was born in the western part of Sweden, near the city of Skofde, March 22, 1851, and came to this country in his seventeenth year, direct to Red Wing, where he secured employ- ment, but as lie was of small stature and not endowed with great strength, he found the work too hard. Being ambitious to make something of himself in the new country, he entered Carleton Col- lege in 1871, where he took the entire seven years’ course, work- ing his way through and graduating with honors in 1878. He was elected principal of the schools of Cannon Falls in the fall of the same year, which position he held for three years, when he was chosen to a larger field, that of county superintendent of schools, being elected in the fall of 1881. This position he held con- tinuously up to the time of his death, October 12, 1899. Prof. Engstrom was modest and unassuming in his manner, and his death was sincerely mourned by all throughout the county. He was married to Mary A. Conley December 27, 1880, and to them was born seven children : Carl Conley, born October 1, 1881, was a photographer at Canuon Falls and died June 24, 1904. leaving his wife, Clara Bissell Engstrom, and one daughter, Caryl; Fred- erick A., born June 15, 1883, is a physician and surgeon, practic- ing at Clitherall. Minn. ; Mildred L., born April 3, 1885, is a teacher in the schools of Fergus Falls; Paid A., born November 16, 1886, manager the photog'raph gallery at Cannon Falls ; George W., born June 8, 1889, is foreman in the printing office of the LeSueur “Sentinel,” at LeSueur, Minn.; Lawrence E.. born February 19, 1893, is a junior in the high school at Cannon Falls, and Glenn M., born April 29, 1896, attends school. Prof. Engstrom was an honored member of the Masonic and A. 0. U. W. fraternities and in politics was a Republican. He was also a con- stant attendant 6f the Congregational Church. Edward William Schmidt, whose researches in archaeology, originally undertaken as a matter of recreation, have proven a valuable addition to the knowledge possessed by scientists in regard to the pre-historic occupation of Minnesota, was born at 1026 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Decorah, Iowa, November 26, 1866. At the age of six years he began to attend parochial sodiool in St. Louis. While living at Madison, Wis., he entered the Northwestern University at the age of thirteen years. When sixteen years old he entered the Uni- versity of Wisconsin anl graduated with special honors in Greek iu 1887. In the fall of that year he started the study of theology under Doctors Bockman and Schmidt. On New Year’s day, 1888, he started teaching at St. Olaf’s College and in 1888-89 again at- tended the University of Wisconsin at Madison, receiving the degree of Master of Arts. From 1889 to 1904, with the exception of one year when he taught mathematics and physics at St. Olaf' College, he taught at the Red Wing Seminary. From 1904 to 1908 he occupied the chair of biology at St. Olaf’s and then ac- cepted the chair of English theology at the Red Wing Seminary, teaching chiefly church history and exegesis. He has repeatedly spent his summers at the Universities of Wisconsin and Chicago, and has thus added greatly to his depth as a scholar and his value as a teacher. As a matter of recreation he became interested several years ago in geology and archaeology, and in studying the latter subject has discovered and noted some 1,700 Indian mounds hitherto not observed by scientists. He has also made valuable contributions of Indian relics to the state museum and his contributions of articles to the subject of the pre-historic occupants of this county have been most valuable. His article of “What the Mounds Tell,” which appears in this volume, is a valuable addition to the knowledge possessed of the archaeology of this region. Prof. Schmidt’s religious affiliations are with the Hauge Synod of the Norwegian Lutheran church. He was mar- ried on Thanksgiving day, 1892, to Inga Elizabeth Eisteinsen, daughter of Rev. I. Eisteinsen. To this union have been born five children: Frederick Ingvald, born October 14, 1893; Robert Eugene, born January 27, 1896; Inga Edwina, born January 22, 1899; Roy Orpando, born December 13, 1901, and Herbert Will- iam, born February 23, 1903. Rev. I. Eisteinsen, the father of Mrs. Schmidt, was a well known clergyman in Hauge ’s Synod and was the first principal of the Red Wing Seminary. Mrs. Eistensen resides with her daughter. Edgar Fitch Davis, the genial editor of the Zumbrota “News,” was born in Augusta, Maine, and received his education in the public schools of Eau Claire and North St. Paul, completing his education at the State Normal school at Winona, Minn. He learned the printer’s trade in North St. Paul and afterward worked for a short time in Superior, Wis. Subsequently he came to Zumbrota, where he took up the work on the Zumbrota “News” in 1895. In 1900 he became part owner. He has since been editor and publisher. Mr. Davis was a member of Company HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1027 D, Third Infantry, Minnesota National Guard, for thirteen years, and held all the offices up to captain. He also served with Com- pany D, Fourteenth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, during the Spanish-American war. In March, 1905, he was elected village recorder and served three years. He was married to Elizabeth Morgan in June, 1905. Mr. Davis is an ideal village editor. He understands the publishing business from writing editorials to running a press, and his paper has a wide influence in the com- munity. Possessing those qualities of good fellowship and kindly consideration which are so desirable in any man, he adds to this good business judgment, a capacity for hard work, and an able and fluent pen. Being yet a young man, his friends predict for him a still more successful future. Charles E. Friedrich, in building up a large and successful business, has contributed in no small degree to the general pros- perity which has made Red AVing an example for all citizens of similar size in the United States. He is a native of this city, born June T, 1862, when the early pioneers were still in their prime and some of the old log cabins stood within the limits of what is now the city of Red AVing. He has literally grown up with the town. The parents, John M. and Anna C. (Ivempe) Friedrich, the former of German birth and the latter a native of Sweden, came to America in the early fifties, the father locating for a short time at AVaeouta, later coming to Red AVing and engaging- in the merchandise business which the father followed all his life. He died October 12, 1887, and his widow now resides in Red Wing. Of the family of three children, Charles was the oldest. Helen A., the next child in the family, lives in Red AVing. The youngest son was John H. Friedrich, lieutenant colonel in the Thirteenth Minnesota Wlunteer Infantry, in the Spanish-Ameri- can war, who died soon after his return from that conflict. Fur- ther mention of Lieutenant Colonel Friedrich will be found in the military history of the county, which appears elsewhere in this volume. Charles received his education in the public schools of Red Wing, and even as a boy took an interest in the mercan- tile business. After leaving school he engaged in the wholesale and retail grocery business with his father, John M. Friedrich, under the name of C. E. Friedrich & Co., until 1894, when the present company Avas incorporated, the company now being- known as Friedrich & Kempe Company. Of this company, Air. Friedrich lias continued as president and manager. Its success may be learned from the description found - in the account of the mercantile 'houses of this city, appearing in this volume. Air. Friedrich was married December 12, 1894, at Red Wing, to Catherine A. Wolff, daughter of Henry and Amalia (Bottenus) Wolff, natives of German, who came to America in the early 1028 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY fifties, locating first in Ohio, then in Iowa, and in 1855 in Red Wing, where the father followed his trade, retiring from active work some twenty years before his death, September 26, 1902. To Mr. and Mrs. Friedrich have been born three bright children: John C. was born August 22, 1897 ; Edward II., July 15, 1901, and James K., August 22, 1903. These boys all first saw the light of day in Reel Wing. The family resides in a pleasant home at the corner of Seventh and East avenue, the residence being one of the most comfortable in the city. A democrat in politics, Mr. Friedrich has served in a number of important public capacities, was alderman two terms, member of the city cemetery board two terms and was on the fire board for a similar period. His most distinguished public service lias consisted in' acting as chair- man, and a most active and interested member of the committees that have wrought for the city its three most important improve- ments. These three committees were: The citizens’ committee that promoted the high bridge across the Mississippi; the joint committee of the fire board and city council that located and built the present beautiful city hall, and the committee of the city council that negotiated with the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul and consummated the Levee park ordinance. Mr. Fried- rich associates with the Masonic fraternity and attends the Epis- copal church. William Freeborn, one of the original proprietors and second mayor of the city of Red Wing, was born in Ohio, moved to Ful- ton county, 111., as a boy, and in territorial days located in St. Paul. His sister Maria married Dr. AY. W. Sweney, and the two families came to Red Wing in 1852. He was a member of the territorial legislature. His generous policy made possible the city of Red Wing as it is today, and to this policy is also due the fact that such rivals of those days as Wacoota and Lake City Avere rapidly outdistanced as trading and shipping points. He and Dr. Sweney gave liberally of land for various enterprises and donated parcels for school, public and church purposes, the land thus donated today representing a value which would amount to several fortunes. An evidence of his generosity is found in Hancock’s History of Goodhue County, where that ven- erable clergyman and pioneer says : ‘ ‘ The close of the year 1853 was made memorable by the fact that the entire community were invited by that generous, whole-souled town proprietor, William Freeborn, to partake of the annual Thanksgiving dinner at his house. With, the exception of one or two persons, the invited guests were all present and had a grand social time. It was one of those occasions when the rich and the poor meet together and acknowledge God as the Maker of all, and the source from whence all blessings flow.” In the early sixties, Mr. Freeborn HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1029 moved to California, where he died. In his honor, Freeborn county, this state, is named. William C. Santelman, proprietor of the general store at Clay- bank, was born in Hay Creek, September 12, 1877. His parents, August and Mary (Minki) Santelman, natives of Germany, came to America in 1845, and farmed two years at Dayton, Ohio. They then bought 200 acres of land in Hay Creek, where they carried on general farming until 1904, when they retired, and purchased a home in Red Wing, where the father still resides at the age of seventy-two years. The mother died April 10, 1909. In the family are five brothers and four sisters aside from the subject of this sketch : Mary, married, lives in Fargo, N. D. ; Edward, married, conducts the old homestead; Sophia, married, lives in this state ; Henry, married, is proprietor of a general store at Red Wing; Emma, married, lives at Stanton, Minn.; August, married, is proprietor of a store at Frontenac; Minnie, married, lives in Red Wing; George and Benjamin work on the home farm. William received his education in the district schools of Hay Creek and farmed for a time_with his father. January 1. 1903, he entered the employ of H. L. Hjermstad in the grocery busi- ness and one year later started a general store at Claybank with Mr. Hjermstad as partner. This store has been very successful and has a good trade, which is gradually growing. Mr. Santel- man was married January 17, 1904, to Annie Sass, daughter of Henry and Mary (Burkhart) Sass, who came to America and located in Wabasha county, where they farmed 160 acres of land. Mrs. Sass died in 1896. Mr. and Mrs. Santelman have one child, Syviwla M., born September 17, 1905. Mr. Santelman is a Re- publican in polities, but has been too busy to actively engage in political affairs. Fie is a thorough business man, genial and accommodating, and has a bright future ahead of him. Henry Lidgerding, Flay Creek township, born in Hanover, Germany, January 9, 1848, has spent practically all his life in this county, his occupation being that of farming. His mother died in the old country while he still a young boy, and his father, leaving young Henry in the care of relatives, came to this coun- try to seek his fortune and to make a home for his motherless son. The father, William, is a resident of Red Wing, having reached the honored and venerable age of ninety years. Henry came to America in 1862 at the age of fourteen years, being met at Red Wing by his father. He went to Hay Creek township, and there grew to young manhood, working on the farm. Later he moved to Goodhue township, but subsequently returned to Hay Creek, where he has lived for the past dozen or so years. He has 240 acres of good land, 160 being under the plow and in a high 1030 . HI ST OK Y OF GOODHUE COUNTY stage of cultivation. The place has been improved, and the buildings remodeled, the whole now presenting the appearance of a model farm. Aside from the usual crops, he raises live stock and does some dairying, making a specialty of settling butter. Mr. Lidgerding is a Republican in politics, and while in Goodhue township served on the board of supervisors. He was married March 6, 1873, to Mary Meyer, daughter of Frederic Meyer, an old settler of this county. To this union were born five children, Fred, Benjamin, Alma, Martha and Edna. The family pays its religious worship at the Methodist (German) church. P. J. Lundquist, sheriff of Goodhue county since 189-t, was born at Iluseby, Skalof Smaland, Sweden, April 17, 1849, son of Swan and Anna Lundquist, both natives of that country. He received his education in the schools of Sweden and worked as a mail driver. In 1869 he came to America and located at once in Yasa, this county, where he worked on a farm and on the rail- road until 1872, Avhen he purchased a farm, upon Avhich he carried on general farming until 1883. He then located in Red Wing and Avas appointed deputy sheriff, serving four years. In 1887 he was elected constable and served until 1891, when he Avas appointed chief of police of the city of Red Wing. His ser- vices in this capacity Avere rewarded in 1894, Avhen he was elected sheriff of the county, in which office he has since served Avith ability. In politics a Republican. He is a member of the Elks, the A. 0. U. W. and the Commercial club. Sheriff Lundquist was married July 6, 1873. to Eva Turner, daughter of Samuel and Stiena Turner, of the township of Vasa, Goodhue county. The mother died in 1903 and the father still survives at the good old age of eighty-nine. To Mr. and Mrs. Lundquist have been born five children, four of whom are uoav living. Sidney S., born July 21, 1874, is engaged in the grocery business in Red Wing. Aaron Y. was born July 23, 1877, and served several years as deputy sheriff until his death December 25, 1906. He is sur- vived by a widow, Avhose maiden name Avas Vendalia Landberg, and one daughter, born April 7, 1906. Gena C., born January 15, 1881, lives at home and teaches in the public schools at Red Wing. Reuben A., born December 30, 1883, is married and lives at La Crosse, V 7 is., where he is. an electrical engineer. Anna C., bom October 28, 1885, is a teacher in the district schools at Vir- ginia, Minn. The family worships at the Swedish Lutheran church. Watts Sherman was born at Morristown, N. Y., January 13, 1827, and received his education largely in Michigan. While still in his teens, he started on the road for a manufacturing concern and on June 10, 1856, located at Red Wing. The folloAving year he entered into the mercantile business, the firm name of the com- HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1031 pany being Sherman & Richter. Three years later he purchased a farm in Bell Creek. In Red Wing he took up the grocery busi- ness. Later he removed his store to Third street and the busi- ness is now managed by his son. Frank. Mr. Sherman was mar- ried October 29, 1856, to' Delana Richter, daughter of John J. and Henrietta Richter, pioneers of Red Wing. To this union have been born sis children: Frank, William, Fannie, Nellie, Gertrude and Leigh. The family attends the Presbyterian church. Mr. Sherman died in 1909. Charles H. Meyers, county auditor, is a native born son of this county, having first seen the light of day at Red Wing, February 22, 1858. He received such education as the country schools of his district afforded and then attended the high school at Red Wing. Being an ambitious youngster, he started Avork in the store of Henry Gross at Red Wing, Avhile at an early age. Later he suav the necessity for a more thorough business education, and consecpiently entered the Bryant and Stratton business college at St. Paul. In the fall of 1882 he went to the Red River A T alley and conducted a general store until 1891. In 1892 he engaged in the shoe business on Third street in Red AYing. In 1904 he cast his lot in the political arena, after disposing of his shoe stock. He was a candidate for county auditor and the same year re- ceived an appointment as deputy city clerk. His serA r ices in this office deserA r ed the election as city clerk which he received in 1906. He Avas in charge of the duties of this office, Avhen he re- signed to take the office of county auditor in January, 1909. He is also clerk of the school board, haA r ing served as a member of that body since 1898, three years of which time he Avas clerk, and two years president. His political platform is that of the Re- publican party, and his religious faith that of the Methodist Episcopal church. His fraternal affiliations include membership in the Odd Fellows, the Foresters, the Modern Samaritans and the Knights of Pythias, in seA^eral of which he has held office. Mr. Meyers was married October 17, 1883, to Emily Schreiner, daughter of Rev. William Schreiner, a clergyman of the German Methodist church, at that time stationed at Ft. Dodge, IoAva. The mother died at Ft. Dodge in 1902 and the father is uoav liv- ing a retired life at Glad Brook, IoAva. To. Air. and Mrs. Aleyers have been born five children : Grace L. Avas born September 26. 1884 ; Leon C., born Alay 3, 1886, is city clerk of Red Wing ;• Amy L. is attending music school at Chicago; Alilton Wallace was born April 3, 1892, and Leslie Y. was born February 14, 1901. Hon. F. I. Johnson has a civic, military and political record of AA T hich any man might Avell be proud. He first demonstrated his ability in public office when he was elected county commissioner in 1875. In this position he serA r ed until 1880, when he resigned 1032 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY to become a candidate for the high office of state senator. Over- whelmingly elected, he soon made himself a power in the senate, and the people of the county returned him to his seat two times, his services covering the three terms of 1881, 1883 and 1885. In addition to this he has served ten years on the state board of equal assessments, has been chairman of the township eleven years, and treasurer of school district 42 for over thirty years. In business, religious and fraternal circles he has been no less prominent, having been president oi; the Farmers’ Mutual Insur- ance Company, of Yasa, seven years; president of the Farmers’ Elevator at Cannon Falls many terms ; treasurer of the Spring Garden church twelve years ; trustee of the Orphans ’ Home at Vasa twelve years and a director in the Scandinavian Relief Association thirty years. Mr. Johnson was born iu Sweden, De- cember 25, 1840, son of John Carlson and his wife, Carrie John- son, also natives of that country. It was in 1858, at the age of eighteen years, that the subject of this sketch first came to the shore of the country of which he was later to become so promi- nent a citizen. After working on the St. Croix, Apple and Snake rivers as a lumberman, with Stillwater, Washington county, Minnesota, as headquarters, he enlisted in Company C, Eighth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, August 14, 1862. This company was sent on the Indian expedition, and was stationed at Ft. Snel- ling, at Ft. Abercrombie or on the frontier until the spring of 1864, commanded by that valiant old warrior, General Sibley. After spending some time in the Bad Lands and on the banks of the Yellowstone river, as well as in Idaho, the company returned with the regiment to Ft. Snelling and was then ordered south, to Murfreesboro, later participating in the battle of West Nash- ville. January 1, 1865, found them at Washington, after which they were attached to the Twenty-third Army Corps, and ordered to Ft. Fisher. This fort, however, was captured before their ar- rival, and they accordingly went to Newbern, N. C., and subse- quently to Kingston, N. C., where the army engaged in battle with the command of General Johnson. At Gouldsboro, N. C., the regiment took part in another engagement and then partici- pated in a part of Sherman’s march to the sea. Remaining with Sherman until the time of Lincoln’s assassination, the company was ordered to Kingsboro, N. C., and then to Charlotte. N. C., where the mustering out took place July 11, 1865. On August 1, 1865, the soldiers received their honorable discharge at Ft. Snel- ling. After the war, Mr. Johnson returned to Vasa and lived until 1868, when he moved to Leon township, where he has since conducted general farming on 25'5 acres in section 1, Leon toAvn- ship. Of late years the son has rented the place from his father and has general charge of the farming operations. The house HISTOEY OP GOODHUE COUNTY 1033 is comfortable and the barns well kept, everything about the place bespeaks thrift, intelligence and hard work. Mr. John- son was married in 1865 to Anna Larson, who died in 1875, leav- ing four children : Edward A., now clerk of the court at Kittson county, Minnesota; Levi E., farmer living in the same county; Esther 0., wife of Peter Johnson, of Cannan Falls, and Anton E., now living in California. Anton E. is a veteran, as well as his father, having served in Company F. Thirteenth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, in the Philippines. Upon his return to San Francisco he worked two years as a bookkeeper and then became a traveling salesman on the Pacific coast. By Christine Johnson, whom Senator Johnson married in 1876, there were four chil- dren: Alice, Clarence, Susie and Isadore. Clarence manages the home farm, and Susie and Isadore are deceased. The mother of these children died in 1887 and Senator Johnson then married Mrs. Wilhelmena Haggstrom, daughter of G. M. Magnusen, ayIio still survives. Albert George Scherf, a progressive and prosperous jeweler of Red Wing, is a native of this county, born December 20, 1862, in Hay Creek township. His father was Anton Scherf, and his mother, Elizabeth E. Kattergrolin, whose brother and a Mr. Barnes were the first men to make brick in the city of Red Wing. The father was a native of the Black Forest district, in Germany, and the mother was born in Westphalia, Germany. Anton Scherf came to this country in 1852, and for a time worked with his brother on the famous first suspension bridge across the Niagara, coming to Wacoota in 1854, where he engaged in steamboating and rafting on the Mississippi river, continuing for several years. In 1860, he pre-empted 1 60 acres at Hay Creek, and to this added from time to time until he was the proud possessor of 593 acres of rich land, all in one farm and mostly under cultivation. There he continued farming until 1903, when he moved to Red Wing, where he and Mrs. Scherf are living, but still owning the old homestead in Hay Creek. They were married at Red Wing, No- vember 2, 1861. Albert G. attended the district schools of Hay Creek, and after one year at the high school of Red Wing, took a four months course at the Curtiss Business College of Minne- apolis, after which he entered Wesleyan University of Mt. Pleas- ant, Iowa, graduating in 1890. Thus equipped, with an excellent education, he taught school two years in his native town, and for a time acted as agent for the Mutual Life Insurance Com- pany. His next occupation was as representative of the “Human World,”- of St. Paul, for which he was manager one year. He subsequently worked on his father’s farm eight years. In 1901, while on the farm, he was sent to the legislature from the Red Wing district, and at about the same time, in partnership with 1034 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY his brother, Fred A., opened a hardware and farming implement establishment on Bush street, which was sold to Augustine & 'Wilson in 1907. Mr. Seherf moved his family to Reel Wing in 1904. In June, 1905, he launched in the jewelry business on Third street, where he has a large business. He also owns 200 acres of land in Hay Creek township adjoining his father’s farm. Mr. Seherf was one of the many called upon to mourn after the Lake Pepin disaster, July 13, 1890. His brother Martin (born in 1867), and his aunt, Mary Seherf, together with the latter’s daughter, lost their lives in that catastrophe. A sister, Matilda C., born December 2, 1864, died in 1897. While at college, Mr. Seherf was captain of one of the University Cadet Corps, and a member of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity. He belongs to the Knights of Pythias, the United Workmen, the Royal Arcanum, the Elks, Red Men, and the Red Wing Commercial Club. He is an independent voter, for two years served as justice of the peace in Hay Creek, and is at present connected with the Red Wing Telephone Company. The family religion is that of the Metho- dist and English Lutheran churches. The subject of this sketch was married in Ilay Creek township May 6, 1897, to Emily Saupe, born September 6, 1872, daughter of Frederick Saupe, a native of Germany, and an early settler of Hay Creek. To Mr. and Mrs. Seherf have been born four children: Horace E., born March 6, 1898; Eugene P., born April 18, 1900; Jerome L., born May 2, 1903, and Ruth D., born April 27, 1905. The children are all at home. Hon. John W. Peterson, one of the county’s distinguished citizens, has been active in political, church, military and agricul- tural circles. He was born March 30, 1838, in Gardsby, Sweden, the second child of his parents, who were natives of Smoland, Sweden. The father brought his family to America in 1856, mak- ing His first settlement in Chisago county, this state, two miles from Chisago City. There he established his home and raised his family on a farm of eighty acres, which he purchased soon after his arrival. In his family were five children. John AY. at- tended the schools of his native land, and worked on the farm with his father, coming to America with the family at the age of eighteen years. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company I, Sixth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, subsequently was promoted to corporal, and still later to sergeant. He was sent from Ft. Snelling against the Sioux Indians, and was one of that heroic band which attacked 1,500 Indians at Birch Cooley, rescuing 150 brave men who for days had been holding out against that howl- ing mass of savages. Sergeant Peterson was with the soldiers who followed the Indians to Yellow Medicine county, where General Sibley released 170 white women and children. The pur- HISTOEY OF GOODHUE .COUNTY 1035 suit continued the next spring to Big Bend on the Missouri river. On December 26, 1862, Sergeant Peterson was among the soldiers who witnessed the hanging of thirty-nine of the ringleaders of the murderous Sioux at Mankato. Afterward he was at Helena, Ark., as a part of the Sixteenth Army Corps, having been in the hospital several weeks. lie was discharged May 10, 1865. In the spring of 1865 he came to Vasa, where he and his brother-in- law had purchased a quarter section of land. Today his farm is excelled by but few in the township, his well tilled acres and fine buildings being models of their kind. His first vote was cast for Abraham Lincoln, and since that time has continued a con- sistent Republican. He has been town clerk and justice of the peace as well as a school officer. In 1872 he. was elected to the state senate and served two terms with distinction. In 1885 he was sent to the house of representatives, and in 1890 Avas again elected to a term in the senate. In addition to farming, he has been an auctioneer for forty years, there being feAv men in the state more gifted in this line than he. It is worthy of note that he recently celebrated his seA r enty-first birthday lay holding an auction sale. For many years he was treasurer of the Swedish Lutheran church at Vasa, and as is mentioned in the history of the township which appears in this volume, took an active part in the collecting of the money to complete the splendid edi- fice now occupied by the congregation of that church. He has also been an active member in the G. A. R. John W. Peterson, in 1868, took as his life-partner, Carrie Johnson, daughter of Erie Johnson, of Vasa toA\ T nship. Five children have resulted from this union. Lizzie is the wife of William Tilderquist, a civil engineer. Arthur has been tOAvn clerk of Vasa for ten years. Edith lUes at home. Elmer G. is a dentist in Duluth, this state, and Mollie married 0. F. Peehl, Avho lives in Vasa. Mr. Peterson has 200 acres of land, upon which he carries on general farming and stock raising. Although past his three score and ten years, he is still in the prime of his activities, and is a fine type of the men of Swedish birth who, while honoring the traditions of their noble race, haA T e become true American gentlemen in e\ r ery sense of the word. Seber R. Greseth is a native born son of Roscoe, Avhere he still resides, having first seen the light of day September 7, 1871. He received his education in the district schools and finished with a short course in the Red Wing Seminary. He also studied elec- tricity for seA^eral months. In 1897 he worked for a time as a miller in Wisconsin. The greater part of his life, however, has been spent on the home farm, and for twenty-one years he has operated a threshing machine. In 1901 he took charge of the homestead, which he still manages carrying on general farming 1036 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY ancl stock raising. The farm is well under cultivation, and the crops raised are of the best. Mr. Greseth is a Republican in poli- tics and has been assessor of the township for the past eight years. He was married, May 15, 1902, to Tlionine Thompson, daughter of Tliosten and Runda (Boraas) Thompson, who came from Norway and located in AYanamingo township, where the father is still living, the mother having died in February, 1907. To Mr. and Mrs. Greseth has been born one child, Regnar Theo- dore, December 20, 1903. The family faith is that of the Nor- wegian Lutheran church. Rollof F. and Margaret (Rolfseng) Greseth, parents of Seber R., were natives of Norway. The father, after coming to America, located in Roscoe township, and purchased eighty acres. This he afterward sold and purchased 280 acres in the same township, still later selling eighty acres, leaving a fine farm of 200 acres, where the family still resides. He and his wife still live on the home farm, being highly re- spected by their neighbors and friends. Otto W. Kolshorn, a former school teacher, now a progressive farmer of Hay Creek township, was born in Featherstone, this county, December 6, 1872, and in this county has spent his life up to the present time. His parents, Henry and Mary (Teitge) Kolshorn, came from Germany to the United States in 1852 and to Minnesota in 1856, where they were married in 1869. For a time they farmed in Hay Creek township, after which they moved to Featherstone, where O. AY. was born. Later they returned to Hay Creek, where the father continued to carry on farming until his death in 1900. The mother now lives on Seventh street, in Red AYing. O. AY. was early sent to the district and private schools of his neighborhood and proved an apt pupil. He was also an extensive reader, and a close observer, and started teach- ing school at the age of eighteen years. He continued to teach for twelve years in the schools of this county, assisting with the farm work in the summer time. For four years he Avas a lumber and implement salesman at Red AYing. Mr. Kolshorn noAV farms 320 acres of good land in sections 19 and 20, and carries on gen- eral farming ancl stock raising. He served in the state militia eight years, being artificer of Company G, First regiment, at Red AA 7 ing. In politics a Republican, lie has serA T ed several terms as a school officer and nine years as justice of the peace. He is a director of the Hay Creek Mutual Fire Insurance Company. In 1904 Mr. Kolshorn Avas married to Marie Bang, also a well known teacher of this county for a considerable period. She Avas the daughter of Henry and Fredericka (Horstmeyer) Bang, early settlers of Featherstone township, both noAV deceased. To Mr. and Airs. Kolshorn have been born two sons, Yernon Bang and HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1037 Bernard H., who first saw the light of day in Hay Creek town- ship. Edward M. Matchan, of Koscoe township, was born in Canada, June 27, 1862, son of George AY. and Mary Ann (Shield) Matchan. Edward received his education in the public schools of Zumbrota and assisted his father with the farm duties until he was 20 years of age, when he assumed management in partnership with his father and has since conducted the home farm. He has 210 acres, and is very much interested in fruit growing, making a specialty of apples and grapes. He was married November 30, 1883, to Julia Boyd, of Zumbrota, by whom he has two children : George W., born December 24, 1889, a druggist in North Dakota, and Eva M., who lives at home, and attends school at Zumbrota. Mr. Matchan is a Kepublican. He has held the office of chairman of the town board for one and a half years, and has been clerk of the school board and chairman for the long period of twenty- five years. He has also been road master and overseer. Frater- nally, Mr. Matchan affiliates with the I. 0. O. F. and of which order he is a past officer, the Modern Brotherhood of America, and Modern Samaritans. The family faith is that of the Metho- dist Episcopal church. Olaus Wiggen, manager and part owner of the Bed Wing Ice Company, is one of the twin sons of Christopher and Ollava (Jonas) Wiggen, born in Norway, January 6, 1844. The father was a farmer by occupation at Foster Parish, Norway, until his death. Flis wife is also now deceased. The twin brother of Olaus died in infancy. Another brother died at the age of six years and two sisters are also deceased. One sister still lives in Norway. Olaus received excellent educational advantages. He attended public school and the Farmers’ Institute of his native town, and later, after an interim of working on liis father’s farm, he took a course in the Landbrook school at Werdahlen, Norway. His residence in America dates from 1866, when he lo- cated in Vasa township, where, like so many other young men just starting in life, he worked on a farm. After nine years of this work, he came to Eecl Wing in the fall of 1875 and entered the employ of W. R. Cross, the ice dealer, with whom he remained fifteen years. In the fall of 1891 he formed the Red Wing Ice Company, of which he has since been general manager. The company does a large business. Mr. Wiggen votes the Republican ticket and belongs to the Odd Fellows and the Elks. He was married at Red Wing, in the fall of 1885, to Annie Anderson of this city, daughter of Andrew Anderson, a native of Sw r eden. Both parents are deceased, having never come to this country. To Mr. and Mrs. Wiggen have been born three children. Char- lotta A. graduated from the state university and now teaches 1038 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY school at Herman, Minn. Christopher is employed in Red Wing by the Wells Fargo Company. Henry is a clerk in the store of Sylvander Bros., Red AVing. Orrin I. Hall, M. D., Avas for a period of thirty-four years one of the leading physicians of the southern part of Goodhue county. Few men who have come to the county to make their homes here have been better beloved than he, and his death was mourned alike by old and young, high and low, rich and poor, so univer- sally felt was the respect and esteem in which he had been held. Orrin I. Hall Avas born in Wales, New York, September 11, 1843, and received his earlier education in the schools of his neighbor- hood. Later he entered the Buffalo Medical College, which is now a part of the University of Buffalo. He graduated from that institution in February of 1873, and Avas married shortly afterAvard, April 13 of the same year, at Buffalo, to Anna J. Holden, Avho still survives, having been a most able and sympa- thetic helpmeet of her husband in all his varied undertakings. Later in the same month they left Buffalo and came to Goodhue county, he taking up the practice of medicine in Pine Island. In July, 1874, they moved to Zumbrota, which has since been the family home. Dr. Hall died June 25, 1908. At the time of his death it was Avritten : “Dr. ITall has always been an energetic and actUe man, both mentally and physically, giving liberally of his time, labor and sympathy in the homes of illness and distress. Lie Avas an enterprising man, interested in the upbuilding and advancement of the community and the betterment of humanity. He never craved for piddic office, but neA r ertheless Avas several times elected a member of the local school board and Avas presi- dent of that body at the time of his death.” Dr. Hall' had three children: Sarah P., born July 7, 1877, is iioav principal of the high school at Hutchinson, Minn. Alice D., born March 11, 1883, Avas married August 11, 1909, to J. W. Spencer, and they now make their home in Chicago. Orrin L, Jr., Avas born May 11, 1885, was graduated from Minnesota State University in 1906, and is uoav employed in St. Paul. Ira and Phoebe (Taber) Hall, parents of Dr. Hall, were natives of NeAv York state, where they spent their lives in farming, the father passing away in 1885 and the mother in 1889. James and Christina (BreAv) Ilolden, par- ents of Mrs. Hall, Avere natives of England, Avhere their daughter Avas born February 5, 1846. There the father died in 1847. Mother and daughter came to America together and located in Buffalo, N. Y., the mother dying in 1883. Ulysses Tanner, early pioneer and respected citizen of Can- non Falls toAvnship, is a native of the Empire state, born at Madi- son, Madison county, New York, December 28, 1832, son of Ralph and Laura A. (Pierson) Tanner, substantial residents of that 0. I. Hall ' HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1039 st'ate. His parents were believers in education, and while design- ing Ulysses for agricultural pursuits, gave him the best oppor- tunities that the schools of the county afforded and then sent him to the academies at Hamilton and Randolph, where he had several classmates who have since become prominent in New York affairs. He came west in 1855 and on October 20 of that year, landed in Cannon Falls. Soon afterward he pre-empted land in Stanton township, but did not settle on it. Subsequently he located on the land he now occupies and where he carries on gen- eral farming and stockraising, using advanced methods fn all his agricultural pursuits. In the early days he purchased land in Dakota county, but afterward disposed of this to his brother, who in return relinquished his interest in the home farm. For fourteen years, Mr. Tanner was town clerk of Cannon Falls town- ship, and has also occupied school office. He was married, July 14, 1871, to Anna Louisa Johnson, born in Sweden, June 10, 1836, who has proven an able helpmate in all his undertakings. Herman 0. Naeseth, manager of the Farmers’ Elevator Com- pany, of Wanamingo, was born in the township of Wanamingo, March 9, 1879, son of Ole Iv. and Rachel Overby Naeseth. He received his education in the public schools of the township and completed his studies at the Lutheran College at Decorah, Iowa, graduating in 1902. He returned home and remained on the farm for one year, after which he taught school for a time. He then rented 137 acres of land and engaged in farming for him- self, and also raises stock. He was married on August 31, 1904, to Maria Sevareid, daughter of Erick and Caroline Sevareicl, na- tives of Norway and Sweden, respectively, who came to America and engaged in farming in Wanamingo township, where the father died. The mother is still living. Mr. and Mrs. Naeseth have one son, Olaf Erick, born August 31, 1905. In February, 1909, Mr. Naeseth was appointed postmaster of Wanamingo. He has been treasurer of the township for three terms and is now serving. He was appointed manager of the Farmers’ Ele- vator Company hi July, 1909. In politics he is Republican and attends the Norwegian Lutheran church. Thomas Robinson, one of the pioneers of Roscoe township, was born in Yorkshire, England, August 5, 1830. He received his education in England and worked in the weaving factories in the winter and at stone masonry in the summer. Later in life he was married to Martha Jackson and emigrated to the United States in 18.60, arriving at Red AVing in May. Hearing there was government land in Roscoe township he went there, and found a man by the name of Doyle (settled on forty acres of govern- ment land) who had just lost his wife and wished to sell. There was a frame house and a good spring of water on the place, which 1040 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Mr. Robinson bought and later pre-empted. They raised a family of six children: Thomas F., now of West Concord, Minn.; Sarah A., died in 1882. Reuben J. lives in Pine Island. Caroline J., of Fairfield, Wash.; Wendell P., of West Concord, and Wilber F., who lives at home. Mr. Robinson’s health failed soon after coming to this country and he became a great reader. Among his favorite works were Shakespeare and Robert Burns, from which he often quoted. He was a man of whom it could be truly said, “His word was as good as his bond.” Mr. and Mrs. Robin- son Ifoth died in Roscoe in 1896, the former March 30 and the latter August 4. Peter A. H. Kempe is another one of Red Wing’s progressive business men. AVell educated, far-seeing and genial, he has kept his hand upon the pulse of the city’s commercial activities for many years. Born April 3, 1856, in Westergotland, Sweden, he had excellent home advantages, being the son of Aaron and ITed- wig (Lunden) Kempe, the former of whom was a Swedish Lu- theran clergyman of devout character and great learning. The father died in 1885, the mother having preceded him to his grave in July, 1866. Peter received some of his tuition at home, at- tended the public schools and graduated from the college of Skara in 1874, after which he was engaged for one year as a tutor. Desiring to see something of the world, he went to Ham- burg, Germany, where he acted as clerk in a ship-broker’s office. In 1878 lie came to America, landing at Red Wing in September of that year. His career in this country began with a clerkship in the grocery store of John Kempe & Co., where he was em- ployed until 1883, when he embarked in a grocery business of his own. Prosperity crowned his efforts in this establishment, and in 1894, he became vice president of the wholesale grocery firm of Friedrich & Kempe Company, Inc., a position which he still occupies. Mr. Kempe votes independently, and being a great reader, thoughtfully considers the issues of each campaign before casting his ballot. Mr. Kempe was married in Belvidere township, this county, June 22, 1882, to Mary PI. C. Dablow, daughter of George and Augusta (Grosse) Dablow. natives of Germany, who settled in Goodhue county In the early days. The father is still living. To Mr. and Mrs. Kempe has been born one son, AValter, born June 13, 1892, now a pupil in the Red Wing high school. The family faith is that of the Methodist Episcopal church. Peter 0. Finstuen, of Roscoe township, was born in Minneola township, August 14, 1868, son of Ole P. and Annie (Joranlid) Finstuen, natives of Norway, who came to this country in 1868 and located at Red AVing, where the father worked at his trade of tailor, remaining until 1874, when he purchased 80 acres of HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1041 land in Roseoe township. This land he broke and improved, later adding forty acres more. He carried on a general line of farming and stock raising until his death, October 27, 1905. The mother is still living in Roseoe township. Peter 0. received his education in the common school of the district and completed his studies with a course at a business college at Decorah, Iowa. After finishing his studies he returned home and took up farm- ing. In 1898 he went to North Dakota, where he only remained sis months, after which he came back to the home farm, where he lias since remained and carries on general farming, and rents eighty acres together with his own 120. He was married June 1, 1889, to Ida Goplin, of Roseoe, daughter of Henry and Ella (ITastad) Goplin, natives of Norway, who came to America and located in Roseoe township, where they were farmers and where they both still live. Mr. and Mrs. Finstuen have had five chil- dren: Carl F. AY., born June 24, 1900; Mabel, born November, 1901; James AY., born April 30, 1903; Ole H., bom January 9, 1908 ; Oscar A., born August 10, 1899, and died in infancy. Mr. Finstuen is a Republican in his politics, and has held several offices in the township. He has been treasurer of the school board of nine years, and in 1903 was elected clerk of the town- ship, which office he still holds. He has held the office of man- ager and secretary of the AYanamingo and Farmer’s Mutual Telephone Company for two years, and is agent for the AYana- mingo Farmers’ Fire Insurance Company. The family attend the Lutheran church. Dr. Charles H. Libbey, a rising young professional man of Red AYing. has, during the short period of his practice, attained a full measure of success which may well be envied by many older men in the profession. His clientele includes not only a large list of prominent people in Red AYing, but also in the coun- try, and even in the neighboring AYisconsin towns and villages across the river. His office in the Goodhue County National Bank building is the scene of busy activity, and is eciuipped with the latest appliances for the practice of dental surgery. Dr. Libbey was born in Featherstone, this county, June 5, 1881, son of Howard and Fanelia B. (AVhitnack) Libbey, natives of Illi- nois. Howard Libbey, the father, came to Red AYing with his parents in the early days, and attended both the public schools and Hamline University, afterward taking a course in the Ab- bington College, of Illinois. After marrying, he went to Coffe'y- ville, Kan., and farmed for a short period, after which he took up agricultural pursuits in Featherstone township, this county. On this farm of 312 acres he cultivated the usual crops, and raised stock on an extensive scale. He died August 14, 1908, and his widow still resides on the old homestead. Charles H. 1042 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY attended the schools of his neighborhood, the public school of Red Wing and from 1899 to 1901 studied at Ilamline University. Later he took a complete course of three years at the Chicago College of Dental Surgery, graduating in 1904. Since that date he has practiced his profession in Red Wing. He is an independ- ent voter and an active worker in the Methodist church, also affiliating with the Knights of Pythias, the Yeomen, the Modern Woodmen, the Red Wing Commercial Club and the State Dental Association. Dr. Libbey owns a pleasant new home on Third street, this city. He Avas married June 14, 1906, at Winona, Minn., to Lulu Belle Rule, of that place, daughter of Dr. Frank- lin M. and Mary (Smith) Rule, the former of whom is district superintendent of the Winona district of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mrs. Libbey graduated from Ilamline University in the class of 1904 and during the following tAvo years Avas engaged as a high school principal. Ole A. Strand, a sturdy old Norse pioneer, Avas bom in Nor- Avay and came to the United States as a young man, locating on section 34, Minneola township, where he pre-empted eighty acres, which he broke and improved, carrying on general farming and stock raising the remainder of his life. In August, 1862, he en- listed in Company G, Seventh Volunteer Infantry, and served with that regiment until the close of the Avar, displaying courage and valor in a number of important engagements. He met an untimely death in Zumbrota, September 28, 1906, as the result of bursting a blood vessel during a runaway. Mr. Strand Avas married to Brethea Lysne, daughter of Ole T. Lysne, a native of Norway. Mrs. Strand was born in Nomvay and came to this country Avith her parents in 1855, being one of thirteen children. Mr. and Mrs. Strand had eleven children, five of whom are dead. The living are: Matilda O. ; Alfred; Annie, Avife of P. A. Hen- ning, to whom she has borne one child, Orrin ; Selma, noAV Mrs. Woodbury; Oscar B., a graduate of the. law department of the Minnesota State University; Carl I., a graduate of the Zumbrota high school. Mrs. Strand is still living on the home place, which is managed by the son Alfred. During his life Ole A. Strand served many years on the school board of district 138 and Avas a thorough believer in education. He served some time as super- visor and Avas chairman of his township at the time of his death. He Avas a hard working man, thoroughly respected and Avell liked throughout the county and toAvnship. A. E. Steberg was born in NorAvay, January 30, 1837, son. of John and Mary Steberg, both natives of that country. The father OAvned a large farm and carried on general farming until his death, which took place in 1880. The mother died when A. E. was cpiite a small boy. The subject of this sketch received his HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1013 education in the public schools of Norway, and then took up farming on the old homestead with his father until leaving for this country in 1866. He 'located in Minneola township and pur- chased eighty acres of improved land, to which he has since added different pieces of property until he now owns 416 acres. He is still engaged in active work and manages his farm, raising- general crops and breeding horses, cattle and sheep. Mr. Ste- berg was married in December, 1870, to Charlotte Olson, daugh- ter of Ole and Inger Thorson, who were married in Norway, be- ing natives of that country. They came to America in 1866 and located at Minneola, where they ended their days. A. E. Ste- berg has five children: Oscar, living at Minneola, engaged in farming; Minnie, married. to S. 0. Swenson; Alfred, farmer and stock buyer, living in Minneola, and Charles, living at home. Mr. Steberg is a Democrat in politics, has been a member of the school board for two years, and has filled the positions of road- master and road overseer. While in the old country, he served two years in the militia. The family worships at the Norwegian Lutheran church. B. Paulson, Zumbrota township, was born in Norway, April 14, 1851, received his education in that country and came to America at the age of twenty-one years, locating - in Minneola township, where he resided for three years. He then went to Wanamingo township and purchased 120 acres, which he farmed and improved. Later he sold this farm and moved to Zumbrota township, purchasing 168 acres in section 19, where he made many improvements, building a farm house and a large barn 40 by 70 feet. He now follows general farming. Mr. Paulson was married November 4, 1875, to .Julia L. Foss, daughter of Lars and Mary Hendricks, by whom he has eleven children : Matilda, born July 23, 1876, married to John Liebracht, Morris, Minn.; Paul, born November 1, 1878, living in Zumbrota; Martin, horn August 6, 1880, living at Park City, Mont. ; Joseph, born January 23, 1882, living at St. Paul; Herman, born March 20. 1884, living at Park City, Mont. ; Louis, born February 28, 1886, living in Montana; Gustave, born November 22, 1888; Melvin, born November 1, 1890; Minnie, born February 2, 1891; Thina, born October 2. 1892, and Stella, born May 5, 1894. The five youngest live at home. Mr. Paulson is Republican in his political views, but he has never sought public office. He is a hard work- ing, industrious man, having acquired all his property by his own efforts. Philip Storkel, a well-to-do farmer of Featherstone township, owns 230 acres in sections 20 and 29, and has a model farm in every particular, with a comfortable home, commodious build- ings, modern machinery and other appliances for carrying on i 1044 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY up-to-date agricultural operations. He was born in Germany, November 7, 1823, and was brought to America by his parents at the tender age of ten years. After living in Cincinnati a few years they went to Fulton county, Illinois, where the parents became prominent farmers. In 1854, they came to Red Wing, and later Philip took a claim which is embraced within the limits of his present farm, being one of the early settlers in that town- ship. He broke the land which for ages had been an untrodden wilderness, erected buildings, and began the cultivation of the soil. Since that time he has continued to carry on general farm- ing and stock raising with much success. While in Illinois, Mr. Storkel was married to Matilda Freeborn, born in Richland county, Ohio, in 1825. She shared with.her husband the joys and sorrows of pioneer farm life and passed to her eternal reward, January 28, 1900, leaving a sorrowing husband and a bereaved family. To Mr. and Mrs. Storkel were born eight children : John, William, Freeborn, Richard, Hannah and Charles are liv- ing. Joshua and Carrie are dead. John McNamara, with his partner, T. AY. Lally, conducts a large hardware store in Goodhue village, owning an establish- ment which many merchants in much larger places would be proud to possess. Fie has the distinction of being a native born son of this county, having first seen the light of day in Belle Creek township, August 4, 1862. In that township he received his education, and after leaving school took charge of the home farm until the fall of 1906, when he entered his present business, buying out the interest of Parkins and Chalmers. Mr. McNa- mara is a Democrat in politics and has served on the village council three years. He is a member of the AVoodmen, the Catho- lic Foresters and the Red Men, in which latter lodge he is an officer. June 27, 1882, he was married to Susan Dally, by whom he has seven children; John Joseph, who is in the store with his father; Daniel Francis, who works in a clothing store in Good- hue village ; Mary Rowena, Thomas Sylvester and James Fran- cis, Avho are twins ; Leo and Francis. John and Ann (Malloy) Lally, parents of Mrs. McNamara, lived on a farm in Belle Creek, the former dying December 23, 1868, and the latter November 16, 1879. John and Mary (Kane) McNamara, parents of the subject of this sketch, came to America from Ireland in 1849 and after remaining in New York state for a while went to LaSalle, 111., where they lived four years. In the middle fifties they came to Belle Creek township and there the father purchased 160 acres, to which he added from time to time until he owned 480 acres, upon which he carried on general farming until within a short time of his death, when he retired and enjoyed a period of pleasant rest until May 26, 1906, when he died. His wife is HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1045 still living on the old homestead at the age of 73 years. To this union were born six children: Margaret (deceased), Michael, Johanna, Edward (deceased), John and James. The family faith is that of the Catholic church. George F. Meyer, one of the hard-working and industrious German citizens of Hay Creek township, is still hale and hearty at the good old age of eighty-one years. He was born in Prussia, Germany, in May, 1828, his parents being Casper and Caroline Meyer, who lived and died in that country. George F. grew to boyhood and manhood in his native kingdom, working on the farm and attending the common schools. With frugality and hard work he saved enough money to come to America, and in 1856 made his venture to America, bringing with him his bride, Mary Tebbe, Avhom he had married the year previous. The trip from St. Louis to Red Wing was made by boat, after which they hired a conveyance to take them to Hay Creek, where George F. Meyer homesteaded 160 acres, he and his brother William being among the first settlers in that township. He broke and im- proved the land, erected buildings and for many years carried on general farming. In 3866 he built a water-power flour mill, and in 1891, when the railroad came through, changed the motive .power to steam. The mill is now managed by his sons. He also rents out his 200 acres of highly improved land. During the Civil War, Mr. Meyer was drafted, but provided a substitute. He has been treasurer of the township at different times and has served several terms as chairman. To George F. and Mary Meyer have been born six children : William, Mary, Kate, Henry, Annie and Louis. Alex McKinley, of Stanton township, has seen a larger part of the progress of modern times in Goodhue county, and has reclaimed his land from the rocky prairie wilderness. When he first came to this state, he landed at Hastings and walked to Stanton township, where he purchased eighty acres of land and began to clear a farm. He built a log cabin out of such timber as was standing in the neighborhood, and kept house for himself, hauling his grain to Llastmgs with oxen. Near the close of the Civil War he enlisted in Company II, First Minnesota Heavy Artillery, and was stationed at Chattanooga, Tenn., from shortly after his enlistment, February 1, 1865, until October of the same year, when he was discharged with the regiment. After return- ing home he at once resumed farming, which is still his occupa- tion. In 1877 he wooed and wed Mary Yan Guilder, daughter of Frederick and Harriet Yan Guilder, natives of New York state, who came to Stanton township in 1865, at the close of the Civil War, and have since continued to live here. A short time ago they celebrated their golden anniversary, at which time 1046 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY their friends, both near and far, gathered to wish them many- more happy years together in the afternoon of life. To Mr. and Mrs. McKinley have been born three children : Mary, the eldest, attends Hamline University and will graduate in 1910 ; Fred and John, the two younger children, live at home, and assist their father. The family conducts general farming on the place, about three miles out of Cannon Falls village. Some of their eighty- six acres is wild land and pasture, but sixty-five acres are under the plow, giving an excellent opportunity for general mixed farming. They also do some dairying and sell considerable but- ter. As a father, Mr. McKinley has naturally been interested in education, and has served as school trustee. He votes the Republican ticket, and affiliates with the G. A. R. post. Mr. Mc- Kinley has reached the honorable age of. sixty-two years, having been born November 1, 1847. Ills parents, John and Mary (Dunn) McKinley, came from Scotland and located first in Maryland, where the father worked in a cotton factory. He came to Goodhue county in 1863 and remained until January, 1864, when he returned to Maryland. In 1867 he took up his permanent home in Stanton township and here ended his days. His wife, mother of Alex, died many years before. Oscar F. Peters, seven times member of the village council of Cannon Falls, has assisted greatly in mantaining the financial and business integrity of the village. He is a native born son, having first seen the light of day in this township, November 18, 1861, son of one of the earliest settlers. After completing the usual branches in the district schools, he came to the village and worked as a clerk in a hardware store, and then, in company with Peter Prink, purchased the business, this partnership con- tinuing from 1889 to 1891, when Mr. Peters purchased Mr. Prink ’s interest and became sole owner and proprietor. Since then the business has grown greatly in volume and magnitude, the straightforward methods employed in the establishment mak- ing it a favorite trading place. A few years ago Mr. Peters erected a $12,000 two-story brick block on the corner of Fourth and Neill street's, assisting in giving to the village its modern appearance. In addition to owning this block, and the stock in the store, Mr. Peters is interested in the Cannon Falls Canning Company, and the Cannon Falls Farmers’ elevator. He was mar- ried September 10, 1893, to Ella Brookner, daughter of Charles Brookner, a native of Rochester. The Peters home has been blessed with five children: Leigh B., Georgia IT, June, Leona and Bernice. The subject of this sketch is a staunch Republican, a communicant of the Episcopal church and a member of the Masonic order and the United Workmen. John and Christine (Johnson) Peters, parents of Oscar F., were born in Sweden, HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1047 came to America in 1852, lived three years in Iowa, and then located in Cannon Falls township, purchasing 160 acres in sec- tions 3 and 10. In 1881 they rented the farm to their son, John A., removed to Cannon Falls, and lived a retired life until the time of their decease. Henry McLain Johnson, overseer of the county poor farm in Burnside township, has won much praise from the citizens of this county for his capable management of that institution. He serves well the interests of those who taxes support the place, and at the same time is considerate and gentle with the homeless and friendless who find in the almshouse that refuge which Providence has denied them elsewhere. Mr. Johnson was born in Frontenac, this county, September 5, 1877, a son of Hans and Gurine (Peterson) Johnson, who were the parents of nine chil- dren: Mary, John (deceased), Lesa, George, Henry, Maude, Elizabeth, Edith and Florence. The father and mother came from Norway in 1866 and soon afterward purchased a farm in Frontenac, where they raised their large family of children. The father died October 18, 1908. Henry M. received such education as the district schools afforded, and then took a short course in a business college. With his father as instructor, he thoroughly mastered farming, and remained on the home place until 1893, when he was offered his present position. The poor farm consists of 164 acres, and here Mr. Johnson carries on general farming. Before taking county office, Mr. Johnson held several township positions in Frontenac. Fie is a Republican in politics and a popular member of the United Workmen. Albert and Alfred Olson, known as the Olson Brothers, have a well-cultivated farm of eighty acres, in Hay Creek township, about five and a half miles from the center of Red Wing. They have erected some good buildings, and carry on general farm- ing and stock raising. Being progressive young men, they are on the high road to prosperity and success. Both were born in Sweden, and in that country were educated. They came to this country and after a stay in Red Wing, they located on the place where they have since remained. Alfred is not married. Albert was married in 1895 to Annie Hanson, by whom he has four children: AY alter, Karl, Agnes and Ernest, The Messrs. Olson both vote the Republican ticket, but have never cared to run for public office. Erick J. Helle was born on the homestead in Holden town- ship, October 28, 1875, son of J. J. and Carrie (Trove) Helle, natives of Norway, who came to America and located in Wis- consin, later coming to Minnesota, locating at Cannon Falls, and subsequently at Holden, where they purchased 160 acres of land, which the father improved, built a stone house and later a barn ft 1048 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY and other outbuildings and carried on general farming until 1904, when he retired from active life, hut still lives on the home- stead. Erick received his education in the schools of Holden and took a short course at a seminary in IoAva. He then took up farming at home and in 1904 rented the farm and raises horses and stock. Erick is one of seven children ; Carrie, married to Christopher Otterson, living in North Dakota; Edward, now of North Dakota; John, now of Richland, N. D. ; Nettie, married to M. O. Stancly, of Richland county. North Dakota; Andrew, living at home; Peter, of North Dakota, and Erick, the spbject of this sketch. Mr. Ilelle is a Republican in his politics. He is a member of a literary society, and of the Norwegian Lutheran church. Timothy E. Perkins, living on section 16, Featherstone town- ship, has gained a national reputation as an apple grower, his seedling apples having taken first prize at the annual meeting of the American Pomelogical Society, held at Boston, Mass., as well as the gold medal at the St. Louis Exposition in 1904. He was born in Franklin county, Maine, December 7, 1833, his par- ents being Timothy F. and Thirza (Ellsworth) Perkins, both na- tives of Maine. They came to Minnesota in 1862, and purchased land in Featherstone township, where the father engaged in gen- eral farming until within a short time of his death, when he re- turned to Maine and ended his days at the age of eiglity-two years, having been a farmer all his life. The mother took up her residence with her son, Timothy E., and died at the age of seventy-two years. Timothy E. attended the schools of his neighborhood, and there grew to manhood, remaining in his native town until, about thirty years of age. April 13, 1864, he came to Featherstone, and for three years farmed in partner- ship with his father, afterward purchasing his present farm of 266 acres. On this place he has put many improvements, includ- ing a good house, well-kept barns and other buildings, and here he carries on general farming, stock raising and pomelogical pursuits. He is a Republican in politics and has served as treas- urer of his township one term. He affiliates with the Methodist church and at one time was a member of the Odd Fellows. Mr. Perkins was married March 26, 1861, to Rlioda A. Boston, also a native of Franklin county, Maine. From this union eight chil- dren have resulted, six being now alive. Charles E. is an orange grower in Porterville, Cal. ; Fred 0. is assistant general agent of the International Harvest Company at Sioux Falls, S. D. ; Wil- liam J., like his brother, Charles E., is an orange grower in Por- terville, Cal. ; George A. is a physician and surgeon at Dickens, N. D. ; Timothy L. works the home place and Thirza Etta is the wife of Britton G. Featherstone, of Featherstone township. * 1 Harrison Miller HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1049 Laura died at six years and Bertha at nine years of age. All the children except Charles E. were born in Featherstone town- ship. He was born in Maine before the family came west. Peter and Andrew Peterson, two well known farmers of Leon township, are estimable citizens in every respect and are well thought of by their large circle of friends. They are both natives of this state, born in Nicollet county, the former in 1859 and the latter in 1861. Their parents, Abraham and Margaret Peterson, came from the old country in 1857 and settled in the county where their sons were born, remaining there six years. Then they came to Leon township, where he purchased the farm which is still in the family and where the boys went to school. The mother is dead, but the father is still living, having reached the ven- erable age of 90 years. Besides the brothers there was in the family one sister, Anna, now the wife of John Anderson. The Peterson’s farm consists of 160 acres, upon which the brothers carry on general mixed farming. Both vote the Bepublican ticket, but neither has cared to seek the duties of public office holding. Harrison Miller, another sturdy old pioneer, died at his home in the township of Stanton August 21, 1909. He was born in Ver- mont in February, 1828, and in January, 1854, was married to Harriet Ellis, daughter of Noah Ellis of Thedford, Vermont. He then bought a farm in Wisconsin near Beaver Dam, where they lived four years. In the spring of 1858 they moved to Stanton, having purchased the farm the fall before. On this place they have lived for fifty-one years. He carried on general farming and became one of the substantial residents of the community. Mrs. Miller died on the farm in April, 1906. Four children sur- vive : Alvin Miller, of Seaside, Ore. ; Nelson Miller, a prosperous farmer of Stanton ; Mrs. Cora Whitson, who is still living on the old farm, and Dr. F. C. Miller, who resides in Olivia, Minn., and has an extensive practice. Mr. Miller was a Mason and a member of the United Workmen. As a neighbor he was liked, as a father and husband he was loved, as a citizen he was respected, and as a friend he was held in truest regard. It is such men as he who, from the beginning, have made Goodhue county a place of peace and quiet, and saved it from the disorderly years which so often mark an early settlement in a wild territory. John Collins Applegate, the gifted editor of the Cannon Falls “Beacon,” and widely known for his fight in behalf of the small shipper against the monopolies, was born in Pittsburg, Pa., July 22, 1860, son of James P. and Mary Elizabeth Applegate, the former of whom was born in New Jersey and died in 1868 and the latter of whom was born in Pittsburg, Pa., and is still living. John C. received his education in the public schools, in Poland 1050 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Union Seminary (Ohio) and in Oberlin College (Ohio), taking the scientific course. In December, 1903, he purchased the Can- non Falls “Beacon” and in the spring of 1904 inaugurated the campaign for regulation of railroad rates and traffic practices. He led this fight through the “Beacon” and by personal appeal to business organizations throughout the state, and became a recognized authority on this question. The fight which he in- augurated and assisted in conducting accomplished a reduction of rates of thirty per cent on all interstate traffic and the correc- tion of many other abuses. It also resulted in the passage of the de- murrage law, the two-cent passenger rate law, the anti-pass law and other reforms along the same line. Mr. Applegate is recog- nized as an editorial leader in the anti-saloon fight for clean politics and independent party action. He is also a strong advo- cate of tariff revision downward and has exerted some influence along this line in the “Beacon.” He is a strong supporter of the Roosevelt policies and has condemned without qualification the Payne- Aldrich tariff law and the forces and methods that en- acted it. Aside from his interest in the “Beacon,” Mr. Apple- gate holds stock in the Cannon Falls Creamery Company and is an advocate generally of all that tends toward the civic and in- dustrial improvement of Cannon Falls. Being of a sociable nature, he has taken an active part in the Masons, the Samari- tans, the Elks, the Cannon Falls Commercial Club and the State Editorial Association. April 23, 1888, Mr. Applegate was mar- ried to Harriett L. Van Campen, a native of Cannon Falls, daugh- ter of an old pioneer family. Mr. and Mrs. 'Applegate have three children : Roszella Charlotte, born April 30, 1891 ; John Collins, Jr., born December 10, 1906 and died August 21, 1909, and Mary Adelia, born July 5, 1908. Conrad Schaffer is the son of Adam and Catherine (Steitz) Schaffer, pioneer residents of Minnesota, natives of G-ermany, who came to America in 1848 and located in Wisconsin for a short time and then moved to Stillwater, Minn., where they were among the first settlers. Here their son Conrad was born March 13, 1855, and when he was but a child they moved to New Trier, Dakota county, Minnesota, where his parents resided until death called his father in 1895 ; his .mother, who is ninety years of age, now resides with her above named son. It was at the village of New Trier that Mr. Schaffer received his education, in a little log school house. At the age of nineteen he started out to fight life’s battle, coming to Welch, Goodhue county, on a farm his father had given, of 160 acres, which was then all timber and wilderness. He set to work and cleared the farm, which is now all under cultivation, and. besides all the modern buildings which he erected he also lias one of the largest orchards in Goodhue HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1051 county. In 1875 lie was married to Annie M. Gerlaeli, daughter of Godfred and Teresa (Seufert) Gerlach, also natives of Ger- many and pioneer residents of Minnesota, living at New Trier at the time of their daughter’s marriage to Mr. Schaffer. He took his wife to his home in Welch, where they still reside. Here, with their children, Mr. and Mrs. Schaffer worked and saved un- til they had acquired about 110 acres of land, all of which is worth about $100 per acre now. Eleven children were born to them, six boys and five girls, ten of whom are still living, Mary, the third child born to them, dying at the age of ten years. The two oldest daughters are married, Teresa to Phillip Pasch of Car- los, Minn., and Catherine to Charles Diederliolt of Welch, Minn.; and the three oldest sons are also married, George to Lucy O’Roark, Louis to Lizzie O’Roark and August to Clara Ruhr, all residing on farms of their own adjoining their father’s farm; his daughter Caroline is stenographer for the Charles Betcher Lumber Company of Red Wing, Minn., and Joseph, Matilda, William and Frances are still residing with their parents. A school office is the extent of Mr. Schaffer’s public career, and he is not allied with either political party, being an independent voter. Mr. Schaffer and his family are all members of the Roman Catholic Church. He is a stockholder of the Welch Creamery, where he furnishes several hundred dollars’ worth of cream each year, being the owner of about one hundred head of fine blooded cattle. Adolph Grosse, Hay Creek township, vcas brought to this county by his parents during the early rush of German immigra- tion. He was born in Prussia, Germany, August 21. 1848, son of Frederick and Mary (Herder) Grosse, also natives of Prussia. The family came to America in 1857 and in the city of Chicago, for two months, the father, Frederick, followed his trade of stone masonry. September 27, 1857, they landed at Red Wing, then a small village, and lived in Red Wing until the spring of 1858, then went to Hay Creek township where, after the proper pre- liminaries, they homesteaded 160 acres of land. In connection with breaking the land, improving the place, erecting farm build- ings, etc., Frederick Grosse followed his trade as a mason until 1868, and died in October, 1879. Adolph was nine years of age when he came to America. He was sent to the neighborhood schools, and grew up on the farm. Upon his father’s death he inherited the home farm of 160 acres, but makes his home on a place of 40 acres adjoining the village of Hay Creek. He owns in all 200 acres of good land, upon which, until 1907, he carried on general farming. He has now turned the management of the place over to his son Edward. Mr. Grosse ’s public record has been one of honor and distinction. For twelve years he ably 1052 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY served the county as a commissioner and, aside from this, has been chairman oi Hay Creek township several terms, town clerk seventeen years and a justice of the peace for a long period. At the present time he is secretary of the Hay Creek Mutual Fire Insurance Company. In fraternal circles he is a member of the Odd Fellows, the United Workmen, the Foresters, the Sons of Herman and the Bed Men. Mr. Grosse was married September 27, 1868, to Minnie Aiders, daughter of Charles Ahlers, an early settler of this county. To this union have been born thirteen children of whom the eight living are Edward, Emma, William, George, Arthur, Fred, Clara and Laura. Mrs. Grosse died April 3, 1893. George W. Fulerut, progressive, prosperous and well-informed farmer of Belle Creek township, is a native of Pennsylvania, born April 21, 1829. Upon leaving school he learned the carpenter trade, which he followed after moving to Bed Wing in 1856, en- gaging also in contracting and building and making sash and doors. In 1860 he purchased 130 acres of. land in Belle Creek and at once moved on the place, taking up general farming. From that time he made various purchases until his retirement in 1901, when he owned a farm of 320 acres of highly cultivated land. Fie now rents the place and is enjoying a well-earned rest after years of toil, sacrifice and frugality. A fine old gentleman in every respect, he enjoys the confidence and admiration of the younger generation, being often sought for advice and counsel. Fie still votes the Republican ticket, and in his more active days served the township as supervisor and school district No. 39 as di- rector. By his good wife, Mary E. Bush, whom he married Octo- ber 20, 1853, he has had seven children: Bose L., born August 12, 1854, lives at home with her parents; Charles, born July 1, 1858, met with a sad death by drowning in Dakota; Frank C., born January 9, 1861, is a merchant in Norton, Ivan.; Clara Ellen, born May 16, 1864, is the wife of J. T. Warwick of Belle Creek; Bessie Marie, born December 14, 1866, married Patrick Bowles, a farmer living in Belle Creek; Samuel Guy, born July 19, 1869, is a travel- ing salesman out of Minneapolis ; George Daniel, born February 2, 1872, is a farmer living in Belle Creek toAvnship. The family faith is that of the Episcopal Church. Mrs. Fulerut is the daughter of Joseph and Lucretia (Put- nam) Bush, and granddaughter of John Bush, who fought under Braddock in the Revolution. The father was a native of Con- necticut and the mother of Great Barrington, Mass., the former dying in August, 1841, and the latter June 7, 1840. Michael and Sarah (Coleman) Fulerut, parents of George W., spent their entire life in Pennsylvania, the father being a lum- HISTORY OF GOODITUE COUNTY 1053 berman of German parentage. He died in 1886. The mother was of English parentage and died in 1891. Lars E. Larson has served as chairman of the town of Min- nepla three years, as supervisor six years, as school director of District No. 92 twelve years, and as clerk of the school board twelve years. He has been treasurer of the Minneola Norwegian Lutheran Church and Parochial School twenty-five years and is a member of the building committee of the church. He is also a director in the elevator and creamery companies. Mr. Larson was born in Norway August 8, 1846, son of Filing and Solva (Peterson) Larson, who came to America in 1856, located in Dane county, Wisconsin, until 1860. In that year they came to this county and located in Belle Creek township, where the father purchased 160 acres of land, which he broke and improved, erect- ing several buildings and establishing a home. Father and mother are both deceased. Lars E. was trained in the schools of Norway and for a short time after his arrival in America at- tended the schools in the neighborhood of his parents’ farm. He remained on the home farm until 1868, when he purchased 80 acres in Minneola township, to which he later added 120 acres, making in all 200 acres. He built a house and barn (personally superintending the building, doing considerable of the work him- self), improved the land and carried on general farming for many years. In late years he has rented his farm. He was mar- ried, December 30, 1868, to B. Furan, daughter of -John and Ingerburg Furan, natives of Norway who came to America in 1865, located in Belle Creek, took up 160 acres and there remained until 1870, when they sold out and moved to Murray county, this state, where they purchased 170 acres. They then moved to Tracy Lyon county, and still later to Canby, Y r ellow Medicine county, where the father died in 1899. The mother is still living. Mrs. Larson died March 28, 1909. Michael Doyle is one of the grand old men of Goodhue county, his name and that of his father and brothers being inseparably connected with the early history of Belle Creek. A thorough Prohibitionist in politics, he has been county commissioner six years, representative two different times, town clerk fourteen years, chairman of supervisors one term, constable two years, clerk of school district No. 41 eight years, and internal revenue collector at St. Paul four years, having also served on many im- portant Democratic and Prohibitionist county and state commit- tees. Since 1890 he has been secretary of the County Alliance ; he is a prominent member of the Old Settlers’ Associations of the county and state, and for many years was master of the Grange. He also belongs to McKinley Post, G. A. R., at Cannon Falls. Mr. Doyle was born in Troy, N. Y., April 29, 1837, and after 1054 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY moving with his family to LaSalle, 111., in 1852, came to Belle Creek in 1854 with his father and mother and four brothers, and preempted 160 acres of land, which he cleared and broke. Later he purchased 160 acres more, and now carries on general farm- ing, raising the usual crops and breeding horses and stock. In 1865 he enlisted in the 53rd Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry and served until the fall of that year under Captain A. A. Wood, holding the position of corporal. For several years previous to this he was captain of the Home Guards. Mr. Doyle was mar- ried, October, 1859, to Sarah E. Gilbert, also a native of Troy, N. Y., daughter of Lyman and Caroline (Gregg) Gilbert, the for- mer of whom was a railroad contractor who helped build one of the first railroads in America, called then the Camden & Amboy. He also had a contract on the Croton aqueduct in New York City. They came west in 1850 and to Belle Creek in 1855, taking up a farm of 160 acres, on which they conducted general farming until the father’s death in 1876. The mother died two years later. To Mr. and Mrs. Doyle have been born fourteen children: Lillian is the wife of Henry O’Neill of Belle Creek township; Helen is the wife of Thomas B. Edward, of Idaho ; Gilbert W. also lives in Idaho ; Carrie L. is the wife of J. E. Ford, of Idaho ; Charles is now a farmer, living in Belle Creek township; he was formerly employed as a railway mail clerk on the Northern Pa- cific ; Edmund died in 1884; Henry lives in North Dakota; Jose- phine E. is the wife of J. P. Pearson, of Goodhue; John V. lives in Washington; Vincent C. lives in Idaho; Ambrose A. lives in St. Paul; Frederick It. lives at home; Ebba E. is the wife of Daniel O’Reilly, of Goodhue; Virginia R. is the wife of Jesse Herrick, of Minneapolis. The family faith is that of the Catholic Church. Walter Doyle and his wife, Johanna, were natives of Ireland. The former came to America in 1829, landing at Montreal, Canada, where he remained three years. He next moved to Troy, N. Y., and engaged in teaming and draying until from there he moved to Montgomery county, and then took his family to LaSalle, 111. He later came up the river and, July 18, 1854, landed in Red Wing with his wife, five sturdy sons and one daughter, Mary Ann, who died in February, 1874. He at once came to Belle Creek and preempted 160 acres of land, upon which he carried on general farming until his death in 1888. His wife died in 1877. Of the five sons of this union, four served in the Civil War and one, Richard, furnished a substitute. Henry M. and John are now dead, Henry Mathias dying in 1893 and the latter being killed by lightning September 6, 1872; Richard died May 13, 1900; Michael and Walter, Jr., are still alive. The part taken by the Doyles in the upbuilding of the township and the names of some HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1055 of the famous men whom they entertained at their home in the early days is related in the general history of Belle Creek which appears in this volume. Mrs. Julia Bidlard Nelson, of Red AVing, educator, author, lec- turer and a prominent worker in the cause of women and tem- perance, has taught in Texas, Minnesota, Tennessee and Con- necticut, and lectured in almost every state in the union in the interest of the AY. C. T. U. and woman’s suffrage. She was born at High Ridge, Conn., May 13, 1842, daughter of Edward and Angeline Raymond Bullard, who came to this country from Eng- land in 1836 and settled in High Ridge, her father later being one of Minnesota’s pioneers. She was educated in the public schools of Iowa and in an academy at Denmark, Iowa, later completing her studies at the ITamline University, when that institution was located at Red AVing. From 1861 to 1866 she was engaged in teaching in Connecticut and Minnesota, being the first woman to hold a first grade certificate in Goodhue county. September 25, 1866, she was married to Ole Nelson, a soldier of the Civil AYar, who enlisted in Company F, Sixth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry August 1, 1862, and served until June 27, 1865, when he was honorably discharged. He was born in Norway and his parents came to America in 1848, his father having chartered a ship and brought a ship load of emigrants over to settle in the new country. Air. Nelson died January 9, 1869, and after the death of her husband and child, Airs. Nelson, who was then achieving note as one of the early advocates of woman’s suf- frage, decided to consecrate her life to work among the lowly and downtrodden. She was sent by the American Alissionary Association, in 1869, to teach the freedmen in Texas, where she labored until 1873. During the years 1875-77 she taught a school for colored children at Athens, Tenn., and for the next four years was principal of the AVarner Institute at Jonesboro, Tenn. Airs. Nelson preached from 1883-88 and organized the Congregational Church at Jonesboro during that time, after which she engaged in Prohibition work in eastern Tennessee. From 1889 to 1890 she was the vice president of the Alinnesota AY. C. T. U., and lec- turer, and from 1890 to 1896 was president of the Alinnesota AVoman’s Suffrage Association and lectured for the National Association of AVoman’s Suffrage. For four years she edited the “AA T hite Ribbon,” a AY. C. T. U. paper, and during all this time has written both prose and poetry for the press. She lectured on temperance before there was a union, and led in a debate on the question of woman’s suffrage in Red AYing, in Good Templars’ hall, in 1869. Airs. Nelson has financially assisted in ob- taining education for many young people who have since attained prominence in educational and religious endeavor. Although noAV 1056 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY retired, she takes an active interest in everything that tends to the betterment of city, county or nation, and her newspaper com- munications, in which she champions the cause of righteousness, a square deal and the working people, have now, as in the past, an important influence on local affairs. Ralph Waldo Holmes, the talented editor of the Pine Island “Record,” has made an excellent reputation for himself during his period of service at the head of that paper. He combines business with literary ability, and is well suited by nature for the post he occupies. His paper exerts considerable influence on the affairs of the community and his opinions on all questions of the day are listened to with respect. Born in Roscoe town- ship, November 1, 1870, he was educated in the common schools of Big Stone county, later studied for three years at the Upper Iowa University at Fayette, Iowa, completing his education with a year at Hamline University. After finishing his studies he re- turned home and assisted his father on the farm in the summer and taught school in the winter. In 1895 he leased a large farm in Big Stone county, which he conducted for a time. After sell- ing out he moved to Pine Island and in March, 1901, bought the Pine Island “Record,” which he still publishes. He has been a member of Company D, Third Regiment M. N. G., since March, 1905, and holds the office of sergeant. During his residence in Big Stone county he held the office of constable and was jus- tice of the peace and clerk of the school board at different times, and is now clerk of Pine Island village, having served three years. Fraternally, he affiliates with the I. 0. O. F., the M. W. A., U. O. F. and E. F. U. Mr. Holmes has been twice married. Octo- ber 23, 1895, he was married to Emma B. Hartkopf, who died August 20, 1900 leaving him two children, Estelle, bom Novem- ber 10, 1896, and Alice, born April 2, 1898. On December 28, 1902, he was again married to Myrta B. Jewell, by whom he has one child, George Henry, born August 29, 1901. John Henry L. Holmes, father of R. W. Holmes, was the son of John Holmes, a Methodist circuit rider in Ohio, and came to Illinois with the family in the early fifties, settling on a farm in Pine Island in 1857. He served for three years during the Avar in Company II. Eighth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry. The mother, Emmeline E. Holmes, daughter of James Parker, was also born in Ohio, came with her parents to Minnesota in the late fifties, lived on a farm near Pine Island and afterwards moved to the A r illage. The father died in Hopkinsville, Ky., in 1907. Andrew Ellingson, retired merchant, living at 828 East ave- nue, Red Wing, is one of the men who were instrumental in hav- ing the Red AVing Seminary located in this city. He was boim in Norway, January 9, 1840, son of Lasse and Jerrine (Nelson) HISTOEY OF GOODHUE COURT! 1057 Ellingson, who came to America in 1845 and located in Boone county, Illinois. In that county the family was saddened by the death of the mother, in 1848. The father continued farming on his 160 acres until 1865, when he came to Warsaw township, this county, after which he retired, taking up his residence with his children, from whom he received loving care and attention until his death in South Dakota in 1875. Left motherless as a young lad, Andrew received his early education in the schools of Boone county and farmed with his father until 1857. He came to Good- hue county in 1860 and worked by the day and month until 1864, when he commenced to improve his own farm. He moved to Red Wing in 1867 and his first employment was as clerk for Charles Betcher in the hardware business for about four years. Thomas Wilkenson then became his employer until 1876, when he became interested in a clothing venture with A. G. Henderson, the firm name being Henderson & Ellingson. This company did business on Plumb street until 1899, when the partnership was dissolved, Mr. Ellingson going to the village of Goodhue, where he carried on the clothing business until 1904, the date of his re- tirement from active business. Mr. Ellingson was a member of the Red Wing city council for two terms and served as justice of the peace in Warsaw township for one term. In politics he is a Republican'. Mr. Ellingson was married in 1865 to Margaret Hoyland, of Dane county, Wisconsin, and to this union were born three children. Louis Martin, the only one who survives, was born March 25, 1866. He has taken to himself a wife and makes his home in this city. Josephine, born at Warsaw, this county, in 1867 died in 1885. Henry Philip, born at Warsaw, died in 1871. Mrs. Margaret Ellingson died October 23. 1873. Mr. Ellingson was then married. May 23, 1876. to Signe M. Lindas, daughter of Hans and Carrie Lindas, of Marshall, Dane county, Wisconsin. Six children have brightened this union. Carrie was born in 1877 and died in 1878; Amanda, born in September. 1879, married the Rev. 0. A. Anderson, of Dell Rapids, South Dakota. Clarence IT., born in May, 1880, is a Chicago dentist. Lydia B. was born in 1881 and died in Decem- ber, 1908. Arthur M. was born in 1883 and died September 17. 1893. Evelyn E. was born in 1895. Mrs. Signe Ellingson died January 20. 1904. The family faith is that of the Norwegian Lutheran Church. Andrew Ellingson has two brothers and two sisters : Elem is married and lives in Capron. Boone county, Illinois; Nels is also married, and lives on a farm in Warsaw township, this county. Mrs. Sjure Holman lives at Deerfield, Dane county, Wisconsin, and Mrs. C. O. Peterson lives in Cam- rose, Alberta. Canada. Joseph A. Thacher, of Zumbrota, the “farmer statesman” of 1058 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Goodhue county, was a central figure around whom the rural population of the county were wont to rally. He had many of the characteristics of the New England puritan, but a long resi- dence in the West had modified their asperities. He had well de- fined views upon all public questions, and did not lack ability or inclination to vindicate his opinions when occasions offered for their expression. He served in the legislature of the state, and would doubtless have represented his district in Congress but for his rigid views of political ethics, which restrained him from adopting the methods in vogue and practiced by aspiring poli- ticians in his time. He early realized the substantial character of the resources and capabilities of the new country in which he had made his home, and hence had unlimited confidence in the possibilities of its future. He did much to advance the material interests of his immediate locality, and is gratefully remembered as one of the founders of that delightful community, cosily nestled in the charming valley of the Zumbro. Martin Spencer Chandler, now deceased, many years sheriff of Goodhue county, and a man of prominence in the state, was born at Jamestown, Chautauqua county, New York. Feb. 14, 1824, son of AYoodley W. and Phebe Winson Chandler, both of New England ancestry. The maternal great-grandfather of Mar- tin S. Chandler was an officer in the Revolutionary War, and his grandfather on the same side was in the AA^ar of 1812. The father was a woolen manufacturer and an extensive farmer, be- ing one of the leading men of Chautauqua county for many years. An uncle, Spencer Chandler, from whom Martin S. was named, was city marshal of Nashville, Tennessee, for twenty- three years, and when the Civil War broke out was one of the few men in that city who stood nobly by the old flag. Martin was educated at the Jamestown and Fredonia academies, and learned the tanner and currier’s trade, but preferred farming, which he followed in his native town until the fifties, when he came to Goodhue county and opened a farm in Pine Island. Dur- ing the first year he was in the state he was elected one of the three county commissioners, serving until 1858; in the autumn of which year he was elected sheriff, taking office Jan. 1, 1859, in which position he served for nearly three decades. He was a stanch Republican and from the earliest days of the county was a leader in the party councils. He was a presidential elector in 1872 and was elected messenger to carry the vote of the state to Washington, but declined in favor of AYilford L. Wilson, of St. Paul. Mr. Chandler was several times urged to become a candidate for Congress and other honors were offered him. but many of these he declined. He served the state two terms as United States Surveyor General for Minnesota and in 1888 was Martin S. Chandler HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1059 delegate at large to tlie Republican National Convention. Mr. Chandler was a fine type of pioneer, stanch of character, un- swerving of principal, and at the same time a man of the people, well liked and highly respected. He was married, on February 14, 1849, to Fannie F. Caldwell, of Jamestown, New York. To this union were born three children. Two died in infancy, and Florence C. became the wife of Ira S. Kellogg. Mr. Chandler died February 24, 1893, and his death was mourned as a loss not only to his family and friends but also to the county he had served so well, and whose peace and law he, had assisted in establishing. Prof. H. B. Wilson was born in Hingham, Somerset county, Maine, March 30, 1821. He came from that splendid English stock which at the very outset of the colonization of America es- tablished those principles of liberty and freedom of action which are today the priceless heritage of America. He traced his line- age hack to the Mayflower. His parents were natives of Maine. He received his education in the district school and afterward attended the Wesleyan Seminary at Kent’s Hill, at that time one of the strongest academies of learning in New England. lie con- tinued his studies four years in this institution, paying his own way by teaching and during the vacations doing other work. Shortly after he was twenty years of age, in 1841. he graduated from this institution. Born with that Anglo-Saxon spirit of wanderlust, which has back of it the personal desire to make the most of one’s self and therefore seeks the newer country where man can be a larger factor in the development that goes on about him, he went to the new AVest and at Cincinnati, began teaching. From here he went to Lawreneeburg, Inch, and took charge of Dearborn County Seminary, remaining tAvo years, during Avhich time he studied law and Avas admitted to the bar, although he neA r er practiced his profession. In 1844 he removed to NeAv Albany, Ind., and organized the first graded public school system in that city. He continued to teach and superintend schools until 1850, and in 1858 came to Red "Wing and took up the duties of professor in mathematics and civil engineering at Hamline Uni- versity, which Avas then at Red Wing. In July, 1858, the Asbury University of Indiana conferred upon him, unsolicited, the hon- orary degree of Master of Arts. In June, 1862, he enlisted in Company F, Sixth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, and serA T ed until he Avas mustered out in the fall of 1865, He was captain of Company F, and took part with General Sibley in the cam- paign against the Sioux, following the terrible massacre at Wood Lake, Camp Release, witnessed the hanging of the thirty-nine Indians at Mankato and took part in the long march to the Mis- souri river in 1863. At the battle of Wood Lake he received a 1060 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY severe wound in the shoulder, from which he never fully recov- ered. After the Indian campaign had closed, in the spring of 1864, he was sent with his regiment to Helena, Ark., and after- ward transferred to the Sixth Minnesota, and attached to the Sixteenth Army Corps, and participated in the siege of Spanish and Blakely forts and the capture of Mobile. After the war he returned to Ked Wing, where he made his home until his death. He was elected superintendent of schools for Goodhue county in 1866 and continued to serve until in 1870 when he became State Superintendent of Public Instruction. He was a member of the city council and served one term in the state legislature in 1877. lie was an ardent Republican, allying himself with that party at its inception and voting for Freemont and every subsequent can- didate of the party. He was a member of the Masonic order, and the G. A. R. Professor Wilson was married in 1844 to Mary Jane Chandler, of Lawrenceburg, Inch, who died February 2, 1888, in Red Wing. The children by this marriage are : Hon. Frank M. Wilson, and Alice, wife of Hiram Howe, of Red Wing; Oliver and Mattie, of Minneapolis. In 1892 he married Flora M. Sar- gent, of Denver, Colo., who is still living. Professor Wilson also had one brother, Ovid T., to whom he was much attached and who resides in Cincinnati. Professor AVilson died January 31. 1908. Carl F. Hjermstad, Red AVing banker, was born in Norway, May 4, 1865, son of Lars II. and Beatlie N. (Elstad) Hjermstad. He was educated in the private and high schools of his native place and at the age of fifteen years became clerk and afterward manager of a general store, remaining from 1880 to 1884. during which latter year he came to the United States and settled in Red Wing, being employed as bookkeeper for T. K. Simmons & Son from 1884 to 1888. In 1888 he entered the Bank of Pierce, Simmons & Co., and remained until 1897, when he became man- ager of what was then the Red Wing Gas and Electric Co. In 1899 he became cashier of the Goodhue County National Bank and on June 1, 1906, was promoted to his present position of vice president and manager. Among the offices which Mr. Hjermstad holds, aside from his position in the Goodhue County National Bank, are the following : Director, vice president and manager of the Goodhue County Savings Bank; director, president and treasurer of the Goodhue County Abstract Co. ; director and treas- urer of the Red Wing Linseed Co.; director and treasurer of the Reel Wing Brick Co. ; director, secretary and treasurer of the Reel AAHng Boat Manufacturing Co.; trustee, treasurer and chair- man of the building committee of the Red Wing Lutheran Ladies’ Seminary; trustee, secretary, treasurer and manager of the Red AYing Old People’s Home; director, treasurer and member of the board of managers of the Minnesota Scandinavian Relief Asso- \ Adolph Remmler HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1061 ciation; chairman and treasurer of the legacy committee of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of America; trustee of Trinity Lutheran Church; trustee, treasurer and member of the building committee of the city cemeteries ; chairman of the executive com- mittee of the Civic League; member of the board of regents of the Red Wing Automobile Association ; member of the executive com- mittee of the Minnesota State Abstract Co. ; vice president and director of the Red Wing Cigar Manufacturing Co. and director of the Commercial Club. Mr. Hjermstad was married in January, 1889, to Sigrid Ness, by whom he has seven children: Nora C., born in 1892; Sigurd L., born in 1896; Solveig M., born in 1898; Carl F., Jr., born in 1900; Borghild S., born in 1903; Otto C. T., born in 1905 and Lars B., born in 1909. Adolph Remmler was one of those sturdy and substantial Ger- man pioneers whose sound common sense made his advice highly esteemed by all who knew him, and whose good fellowship en- deared him to scores of faithful friends. He was born May 28, 1838. in Baden, Weiler, Schwartzwald, Germany, son of Landolin and Mary (Kramer) Remmler; received his education in Baden, and came to St. Louis, Mo., "when a young man, obtaining a po- sition in a wholesale house, vrhere he remained from 1854 to 1858, when he became a traveling salesman for the same firm. He enlisted in Company A, Third Missouri Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war, afterward resuming his former employment. He was married April 18, 1867, to Helena Len- shaner, who died October 20, 1871, aged thirty-seven years, one month and ten days, leaving one son. Otto, born February 10, 1869. In the middle seventies, Adolph Remmler came to Red Wing and January 15, 1877, married Mrs. Christine Heising. Mr. Remmler, ably assisted by his wife, took charge of the Heising Brewery, changed its name, and made many improvements, alter- ations and additions. He served as alderman of the city and in other ways participated in many public movements for the benefit of the community, the interests of which he. had deeply at heart. He belonged to the I. O. O. F. and the B. P. O. E. His death, October 29, 1908, at the age of seventy years, five months and one day, was sincerely mourned by a wide circle of friends. Mrs. Christine Remmler was born in Ritberg, Prussia, May 5. 1S35. daughter of Christoph Batsher and his wife, Agnes Von Horst, her maiden name being Christine Batsher. She came to this country at the age of seventeen and one year later married Will- iam Heising. at Cincinnati. To this union were born three chil- dren : Mrs. Frank M. AVilson, of Red Wing; Mrs. Henri DeWitt, of Red AA 7 ing, and Dr. Albert Heising, of Menominee, Wis. After living in Cincinnati for a short time, Mr. and Mrs. Heising moved to Rochester, Minn., and shortly before the Civil War came to 1062 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Red Wing. Here they purchased the old Minnesota House from John Friedrich, and remodeled the hotel into a brewery. After Mr. ITeising’s death, December 12, 1874, at the age of fifty-four years, his widow conducted the place for several years, showing shrewd business ability. January 15, 1877, she was married to A. Remmler. Otto Remmler, son of A. Remmler, and now man- ager of the brewery, was born February 10, 1869, and on May 27, 1891, married Rosie Bremer, born May 27, 1873, by whom he has one daughter, Elsie, born November 23, 1892. Benjamin Briggs Herbert was born May 3. 1843, on a farm near Cuba, Fulton county, 111. With his parents, he moved to Henry county, Iowa, and from there, in 1856, to Minnesota. He was educated at Hamline University, completing the classical course in 1865. While attending school, he still lived upon a farm two and one-half miles from Red Wing, and walked that distance every morning and night and never missed a class. At the age of sixteen years, he joined the M. E. Church at Red Wing. For a year after graduation he was principal of the Rochester Sem- inary (M. E.) at Rochester; Minn.; then he entered the law de- partment of Michigan University. He was admitted to the bar in 1868 at Red AVing, and practiced law there for five years. In 1871 Mr. Herbert was married at Red AVing to Mary E. Sweney of that city. She was enrolled as a student in Hamline University on the first, day of the opening of that institution at Red Wing. In 1873 he organized the first Red Wing Flour Mills and be- came the first secretary; in the fall of the same year he entered the newspaper business. He organized the Red Wing Printing Company in 1877, and was president of the company until 1890, and editor of the papers published thereby until 1888. For five years he remained secretary of the Red Wing Building and Loan Association, which he organized in 1877. With the clay in a horse pail he solicited $25,000 with $10,000 cash paid in in ten days to start the Red Wing Pottery. In addition to the work in connection with the Minnesota Edi- torial Association, Air. Herbert conceived the idea of a National Editorial Association, and in the winter of 1885, effected such an organization at New Orleans, where he was chosen as its first president. In addition to his editorial work, Air. Herbert was always greatly interested in educational affairs. He served for many years as a member of the BoarcJ of Education at Red AVing, and was a member of the first Board of Trustees of the State Public School of Alinnesota, at Owatonna. In his new home at Evanston he became president of the Board of Education, and, with his associates, carried to completion a new and one of the finest school B. B. Herbert 111 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1063 building's in the city. For many years he has served as a mem- ber of the Board of Directors of the Lincoln Memorial University at Cumberland Gap, Tenn. Mr. Herbert was one of the organizers of the Red Wing Mills, Red Wing Building Association, Red Wing Stoneware Company, Red Wing Furniture Company and the Red Wing Printing Com- pany. Mr. Herbert resides in Ravenswood. Chicago, where he is actively engaged in the publishing business. Tams Bixby, while not at the present time an actual resident of this county, nevertheless retains his interests here and is de- cidedly a Red AVing man. He was born December 12, 1856. at Staunton, Va., son of Bradford AY. and Susan J. Bixby, who, being in moderate circumstances, were able to supply their son with none of those advantages which money can give. The family settled in Stillwater in 1857. coming to Red Wing in the fall of 1862. Here Tams spent his boyhood and early manhood, receiving his early education in the parish schools which he attended until reaching the age of thirteen years. Beyond that his educational advantages have been such as an active mind can derive through reading, experience and observation. Possessed of a remarkable degree of energy and enterprise, he was not slow to employ his talents in whatever offered a held for his abilities, whether in the field of intellectual, moral or industrial endeavor, and more par- ticularly the first two. The result in a business and official way has been that he has' been engaged as news agent, hotel keeper, baker, editor and publisher and in high state and governmental positions, while in those lines that are purely in the realm of altruism he has taken no less an active part, his Y. AI. C. A. en- deavors being well known. He was still scarcely more than a youth when he made his first venture into newspaper work, and it is humorously told that at one time when he edited the “Argus” for several weeks in the absence of the real editor, he conducted it in so up-to-date a manner that the editor upon his return found two live libel suits pending against the paper. Air. Bixby established the Red AA T ing “Sun” January 17. 188J, and conducted that paper until its consolidation with the “Advance” and the “Republican” since when he has been connected with the “Republican,” although for many years past his duties have been of an official rather than of an active capacity. Since early youth he has taken an active interest in politics, and his public career was started as chairman of the Republican county committee of Goodhue county. His excellent work in that capacity attracted the attention of Republicans in other parts of the state and when the Republican League of Minnesota was organized he was made its secretary. Subsequently he filled the office of secretary to the Republican State Central Committee, from which position he was 1064 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY promoted to that of chairman. In this capacity he managed some of the hardest fought political battles in the annals of Minnesota and never failed to lead the party to victory. He has been secre- tary of the railroad and warehouse commission of Minnesota. From 1888 to 1889 he was private secretary for Gov. W. R. Mer- riam ; from 1889 to 1892 for Knute Nelson; from 1892 to 1896 for David M. Clough. At the election of United States senator in 1901 he was urged by many friends to become a candidate and had he accepted their offers at the proper time it was freely as- serted that his chances of success would have been of the best. As it was he received a handsome complimentary vote. Mr. Bixby had charge of the senatorial campaign of Knute Nelson which he conducted in his usual vigorous, honorable and effective manner. Mr. Bixby was at one time prominently mentioned in connection with a cabinet position as secretary of the interior, an appoint- ment which, according to the newspapers, Avas practically within his grasp had he cared to take it. Probably Mr. Bixby ’s most distinguished Avork, however, has been done in connection with the Five Civilized Tribes, so called, in the Indian Territory. These tribes are the richest people in the world, and Avhen condi- tions became such that immediate supervision and adjustment of their affairs by the United States government Avas necessary, Mr. Bixby Avas named as a member of the so-called DaAves Indian Commission, of which he Avas either acting or actual chairman from May 2, 1897, when he Avas appointed by President William McKinley, until July 1, 1905, when that commission Avas abolished and President Theodore Roosevelt appointed Mr. Bixby as com- missioner, a position he retained until July, 1907, when the affairs of the Five Tribes, having been reorganized and placed on a satis- factory basis, their supervision Avas vested in the Department of the Interior. The stupendous task which Mr. Bixby performed only those who Avere with him in the Avork can fully realize. Op- posed by all kinds of clever men and poAverful interests Avho, without sanction of laAV, had secured control of mineral and other valuable rights belonging to the Indians, he adjusted matters where several millions of dollars were concerned, with an honesty and fearlessness that Avas as unswerving as it Avas intelligent. During this period, Mr. Bixby came back to Minnesota for a couple of months, gathered up the tangled threads of a Repub- lican political campaign, which, nearly over, seemed almost hope- less, and carried it to a successful conclusion. Upon his return from the South in 1907, Mr. Bixby and a number of friends pur- chased a controlling interest in the “Pioneer Press” of St. Paul, and Mr. Bixby became the general manager. He at once devoted his energy and ability as a neAvspaper man and organizer to mak- ing the “Pioneer Press” the best paper in the Northwest, and this HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY 1065 effort bore fruit in the “Pioneer Press” as it is today. The “Evening Pioneer Press” is one of the children of Mr. Bixby’s thoughts. A few months ago the “Pioneer Press” was purchased by the St. Paul “Dispatch,” but Mr. Bixby remains as general manager. In Red Wing he is president of the Red Wing Print- ing Co., and his business interests include all the leading indus- tries of this city, in most of which he is either an officer, stock- holder or director. At the present time he is a member of the Minnesota Club, of St. Paul; the St. Paul Town and Country Club; the Red Wing Commercial Club and the Muskogee (Indian Territory) Town and Country Club. He is a Knight Templar, as well as a member of other Masonic bodies ; also of the Elks, the Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias. April 27, 1S86. he was married to Clara Mues, and has three sons, Edson K., born April 9, 1887; Joel PI., born November 30, 1888; and Tams, Jr., born September 12, 1891. Mr. Bixby’s record bespeaks his merit. He is a man of untiring energy and unswerving patriotism and loyalty, always ready to give his best effort and his money to the upbuilding of the community at large and particularly his home town of Red Wing. Baker C. Grover was born in Bethel, Oxford county, Maine, November 18, 1840, son of James and Amelia Baker, natives of Massachusetts and Maine respectively, the former of whom died in 1865 and the latter in 1840. He received an academy educa- tion in his native town, and followed farming until April, 1868', when he came to Zumbrota and engaged in farming, also being interested in several other enterprises including a cheese factory and a livery barn. He still owns the livery stable in partnership with his son, James D.. having been in this business thirty-three years. He also deals in lands and stocks and owns a quantity of local stocks including shares in the Zumbrota Clay works. He is now practically retired. In addition to his local interests he owns a stable in Grafton, N. D., which is now conducted by his son, H. B. He is a Republican in politics, served in the legis- lature in 1876-77; was town clerk eight years; member of the village council ten years; postmaster eight years and eleven months and member of the school board nineteen years, seventeen of which he was its president. Mr. Grover was married August 27, 1863, at Bethel. Me., to Lizzie Rose, daughter of Duane and Maria (Clark) Rose. To this union have been born seven chil- dren: Frank, who died in infancy; H. B., now a liveryman in Grafton, N. D. ; Howard, who died in infancy; Lillian, Avho died in 1901: James D., who is his father’s partner under the firm name of B. C. Grover & Son ; Charles L., of the firm of Wedge and Weiss and Luella, now Mrs. William Bevers, of Alberta, Canada. Mr. Grover is a Mason and attends the Congregational church. 1066 HISTORY OF GOODHUE COUNTY Frederick R. Anderson, general manager of the Farmers’ Ele- vator Co., at Cannon Falls village, is a native son of this town- ship, born August 31, 1861. In addition to attending the district school he received a thorough education in the Red Wing Sem- inary, graduating in 1882. After leaving School he had the dis- tinction of being the first station agent at Welch, subsequent to which he engaged in the grain business. From 1883 to 1894 he engaged in the milling business, later erecting an elevator at Cannon Falls, which he conducted until 1902, when he sold out to the Farmers’ Elevator Co., still retaining his position as man- ager. He is considered an expert grain judge and has twice been awarded the state prize for uniform grading by the Brewers’ and Maltsters’ Association of Minnesota. He always has his principals’ interests at heart in all his transactions. Some years. ago Mr. An- derson bought stock in the Hauser Malting Co., in which com- pany he is now a director. Being of sociable nature, he has joined the Modern Workmen and the United Workmen. Mr. Anderson Avas married February 25, 1886, to Ida Louisa Peterson, born in Hastings, July 6, 1865, by whom two sons A\ r ere born : Carl Vic- tor Winnefred, born February 7, 1888, died August 14, 1888; and Frederick Lincoln Everett, born January 4, 1890, a graduate of Cannon Falls high school, class of 1908. Mrs. Anderson’s parents Avere Johannes and Ellen (Wilson) Peterson. Johannes Peterson Avas born in Smaaland, Ivronober'gs Lan, Sweden, February 16, 1828. Ellen (Wilson) Peterson Avas born in Kristianstads Lan Skone Sweden, June 4, 1838. They Avere united in marriage at Superior, AVis., in December, 1860. In the spring of 1868 they moved to Vasa, Avhere they acquired some six hundred acres of land and were considered as very progressive, both socially and financially. Johannes Peterson died December 20, 1888. Ellen (Wilson) Peterson died April 1, 1877. F. R. Anderson’s parents came from Sweden. The father, Johannes Anderson, was born in Skone, Province Norra Osbo Flarad, Kristianstads Lan.. Ljungby lied, October 24, 1830. The mother, Maria Christina (Johnson) Anderson, Avas born in Smaaland Province, Kronobergs Lan., Hynneryd, December 21, 1830. They came to the United States in 1859 and were married at Red Wing. Soon afterwards they purchased 160 acres of Avilcl land in Vasa, which they later increased to 350 acres, on Avhich they did general farming, the father dying July 12, 1904 and mother June 10, 1905. INDEX Anecdotes and Adventures, 458 Associations and Clubs, 591 Augustana Synod, 417 Banks and Banking, 597 Baptist Church of Zumbrota, 456 Beginning of the County, 97 Belle Creek Township, 144 Belvidere Township, 146 Burnside Township, 150 Burning of the Galena, 491 Business and Professional, 600 Calamities, 490 Cannon River Church, 418 Cannon Falls Township, 167 Cannon Falls, 159 Central Point, 157 Cherry Grove Township, 155 Christian Science, 457 Church of the Redeemer, Cannon Falls, 454 Colvill ’s Charge, 519 Congregational Churches, 440 County Officers and Population, 478 Cyclone at Yasa, 490 Dale Congregation, 406 Dennison Village, 231 Early Days, 33 Eidsvold .Norwegian Methodist Church of Leon, 416 English Lutheran, 4_ Evangelical Lutheran Trinity Church of Red Wing, 409 Evidence of Mounds, 18 Featherstone Township, 169 Ferries, 588 First English Evangelical Lutheran Church. 420 First English Evangelical Lutheran Church of Zumbrota, 421 First Baptist Church of Red Wing, 455 Florence Township, 172 Forts at Frontenac, 62 Free Church, 414 Frontenac Village, 173 Geologic Ages, 1 1 German Industries, 376 Germans, The, 365 German Churches, 425 German Lutheran St. John’s Church of Minneola, 382 German Lutheran Christ Church of Zumbrota, 382 German Lutheran St. Peter’s Church of Belvidere, 382 German Methodist Episcopal Church of Red Wing, 380 German Lutheran St. John’s Church of Red Wing, 380 Gol ’s Congregation, 408 Goodhue County Churches, 404 Goodhue Village, 181 Goodhue Township, 179 Grace Church of Pine Island, 452 Grace Church, German Lutheran, of Goodhue, 382 Hamilton University, 279 Hauge ’s Synod, 412 Hauge ’s Evangelical Lutheran Con- gregation of Kenyon, 414 Hay Creek Township, 189 Hegre Congregation, 416 Hoff Congregation, 408 Holden Township, 185 Hospitals and Charities, 612 Immanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church of Aspelund, 413 Immanuel ’s Church, German Lutheran, Hay Creek, 383 Indian Treaties, 74 Indian Troubles, 89 Kenyon Congregation, 408 Kenyon Township, 199 Kenyon Village, 200 Land Office Records, 384 Lands and Minneola Congregations, 405 Leon Township, 191 Little Cannon Congregation, 411 Methodist Episcopal Churches, 437 Methodist Episcopal Church of Can- non Falls, 450 Methodist Episcopal Church of Zum- brota, 455 Methodist Episcopal Church of Pine Island. 450 Military History, 507 Minneola Township, 196 Minnesota State Training School, 290 Molancl Congregation, 408 Modern Red Wing, 645 Natural Phenomena, 1 Norwegian Synod, 409 Norwegian Methodist, 416 Old Settlers ’ Association, 592 Orphans’ Home, 287- Physician, The, 315 Pine Island Village, 203 Pine Island Township, 206 Police Officers Killed, 502 1067 1068 INDEX Postal History, 298 Prairie Island' Church, 419 Presbyterian Churches, 444 Protestant Episcopal Church of Red Wing, 446 Red Wing Civic League, 582 Red Wing as a Hamlet, 529 Red Wing Collegiate Institute, 291 Red Wing Fraternities, 605 Red Wing Fire Department, 583 Red Wing Fires, 503 Red Wing Industries, 616 Red Wing Lutheran Ladies’ Semi- nary, 288 Red Wing Seminary, 283 Red Wing Township, 575 Red Wing Through Fifty-Two Years, 550 Red Wing Water Works, 585 Roman Catholic, 429 Roscoe Township, 209 Schools, County, 271 Sea Wing Disaster, 495 Sons of the Vikings, 333 Spanish-Ameriean War, 521 Spring Garden Church, 418 Stanton Township, 212 Stordal Evangelical Lutheran Church, Roscoe Center, 414 St. Ansgar’s Churc-h, 419 St. John’s Hospital and Training School, 373 St. John’s Evangelical of Frontenae, 382 St. John’s Church, German Lutheran, of Goodhue, 383 St. Luke’s English Evangelical Lu- theran Church, 422 St. Peter ’s Evangelical Lutheran Congregation of Red Wing, 412 St. Paul’s Church, 420 Swedish Baptist, 456 Swedish Evangelical Churc-h, 359 Swedish Mission Evangelical Luther- an Church of Red Wing, 424 Swedish Methodist, 428 Swedish Lutheran, 417 Swedish Settlement, 340 Svveney’s Narrative, 120 The Desirable City, 579 Township System, 110 Townships and Villages, 142 Under European Kings, 71 Urland Congregation, 407 Vang’s Congregation, 406 Vasa Township, 214 Villa Maria Convent, 292 Wacoota Township, 216 Wagon Bridge, 590 Wanamingo Congregation, 414 Wanamingo Township, 219 Wanamingo Village, 225 Wangen’s Prairie Congregation, 407 Warsaw Township, 230 Welch Village, 233 Welch Township, 232 Welch Church, 419 Zion Church, 419 Zumbrota Congregation, 411 Znmbrota Township, 258 Zumbrota Village, 234 BIOGRAPHIES Aadahl, Bortinus J., 813 Ackerman, Michael, 839 Agnew, Thomas A., 1006 A grey. Lewis L., 1007 Ahlgren, Axel, 853 Akneman, Frank, 815 Ahneman, Henry, 801 Albers, John H., 867 Alberts, Jr., Hiram, 842 Alberts, Sr., Hiram, 842 Alexander, Lewis P., 701 Allen, Arland H., 748 Allen, Hans, 289 Anderson, Andrew M., 962 Anderson, Anton V., 963 Anderson, Frederick R., 1066 Anderson, G ive K., 789 Anderson, Walfred, 965 Applegate, John C., 1049 Aslakson, Peter S., 917 Aslakson, Sam O., 814 Bakko, O. J., 839 Ballard, Abbott L., 989 Bang, Otto H., 903 Banitt, John N., 867 Banks, John, 976 Bargsten, Henry, 785 Barlow, Foster D. r 918 Barry, Michael J., 988 Barnett, John H., 443 Bareness, J. A., 832 Beck, Willis, 423 Beekmark, Charles E., 744 Beekmark, Gustave C., 745 Behrens, Edward, 938 Belin, Charles P., 747 Bender, Christian J., 742 Bender, Christian, 425 Benrud, Carl P., 853 Berg, John, 907 Berg, Andrew O., 987 Berg, Ole N., 785 Berg, Ole T., 833 Berg, Olive, 799 Berven, Sven. 412 Botcher, Charles, 641 Betc-her, Charles A., 640 . Betcher, Charles E., 642 INDEX 1069 Bevers, William F., 268 Biorn, L M., 405 Bird, Herman M., 745 Bixby, Tams, 1063 Black, Charles, 906 Blaker, Eugene L., 831 Blanchard, Henry, 762 Blackstad, Peter J., 892 Blinco, Louis F., 914 Blodgett, Elijah, H., 8 Belles, Charlotte H., 440 Bolles, Sias, 440 Bollum, Henry E., 854 Bonlius, John A., 897 Bonde, T. O., 941 Boothroyd, William, 746 Boothroyd, Frank, 906 Boraas, Julius, 294 Bcraas, Johannes, 964 Bovv, John J., 631 Brandvold, B. P., 977 Brennen, James, 905 Bringgold, Sr., Jacob, 808 Brock, J. S., 838 Brooks, Edmund W., 669 Brown, Charles, 688 Brown, Henry, 742 Bryan, Thomas J., 743 Bryan, A. C., 987 Bryan, J. H., 876 Brynildsen, H. L., 1002 Bye, C. 0., 913 Bullis, S. A., 827 Bullis, Timothv E., 827 Bunn. T. H., 989 Burkard, A. A., 939 Busch, William, 1003 Busch, Friedrich, 969 Bygd, Ole, 897 Callister, William B., 997 Callister, George E., 834 Campton, John, 753 Carlson, Julius, 751 Carlson, Frank A., 751 Carlson, John H., 915 .Carlson, Alfred, 751 Carlson, Aaron, 729 Cate, F. W., 799 Cavanaugh, John A., 1004 CeDulski, John, 752 Chandler, John W., 749 Chandler, Martin S., 1058 Chellson, Martin, 914 Chelgren, Peter. 91 6 Chinlund, E. G., 362 Clark, Elija L., 943 Clementson, Cornel, 802 Clifford, Arthur T., 926 Closner, J. B., 801 Cobb, Henry E., 660 Comstock, Thomas T., 833 Conley, H. E., 910 Collinge, Alfred E., 786 Colvill, William, 520. Cook, cieorge, 750 Cook, Hart N., 734 Cooledge, Henry W., 783 Cornwell, Leon L., 805 vjOx, James, 108 Cram, James, 764 Croxford, William, 784 Crump, James L., 959 Cutshall, Warren W., 802 Dack, Edward, 1013 Dahl, Axel H., 996 Dam, Andrew M., 756 Dahl, Herman, 1013 Dalbotten, Knute, 841 Dana, Charles S., 754 Danielson, Charles, 909 Danielson, Dan, 917 Danielson, Arthur D., 755 Danielson, Hans H., 868 Davidson, Carl J., 845 Davidson, David, 997 Davis, Edgar F., 1026 DeKay, Wm. W., 667 Deline, W. F., 886 Densmore, Sr., Orrin, 757 Deriekson, J. G., 703 Dickey, J. C., 798 Dieke, A. H., 902 Doely, Owen E., 916 Dorn, Eiehard EL, 1012 Dow, James O., 761 Doyle, Michael, 1053 Drew, Joseph H., 755 Edstrom, Frank F., 950 Edstrom, Charles, 949 Edstrom, J. A., 948 Ekblad, Gust, 937 Elcoek, John, 830 Elcock, George, 828 Elder, John H., 759 Ellingston, Nels, 1008 Ellingson. Andrew, 1056 Eugstrom, August E., 1025 Enderson, Ingwel, 943 Engersetter, John, 942 Emery, O. E., 886 Erb, Edward C., 670 Erbar, Peter J., 758 Erickson, Elling M., 996 Ericson, William M., 736 Ericson, Gustaf E., 873 Erickson, Charles A., 736 Erickson, Thor, 735 Erickson. Erick P., 965 Erstad, Albert A., 846 Erstad, Cornelius A., 815 Esterby, K. K., 949 Harwell, Albert B., 784 Harwell, James H., 784 Felien, Andrew, 882 Ferrin. John J., 738 Finstuen, Albert, 846 Finstuen, P. P., 843 I’instuen, Andrew, 829 Fiustuen, Peter O., 1040 Fisk, Gustaf S., 739 Fitsehen, Henry, 855 Follingstad, Ol'e, S92 Foot, Silas B., 626 Fordahl, Arnt J., 898 Forssell, Charles O., 740 Fox, M. D., 911 1070 Freeborn, William, 1028 Freeman, Gustaf E., 741 Freeman, €. H., 842 Freeman, George F., 844 Frenn, P. J., 946 Frenn, Andrew J., 739 Friedrich, Charles E., 1027 Fvoiland, Gander S., 976 Froyum, Gunder, 816 Gulcrut, George W., 1052 Fulkerson, Frank W., 786 Garrard, George W., 179 Garrard, Israel, 176 Gates, Philander, 715 Gates, Irving R., 719 Gates, Geo. £., 720 Gates, Joseph A., 829 Gaylord, Nelson B., 855 George, Perry, 856 Gerlaeh, Bernard, 637 Gjemse, Lars J., 900 Glardon, William P., 1017 Goodhue, James M., 732 Goudy, Robert, 885 Goudy, Sr., Francis, 882 Graham, Christopher C., 68 Grannis, Sidney S., 670 Graves, Amherst F., 716 Green, Fred O., 718 Gregoire, Michael H., 1014 Grendahl, Carl, 998 Greseth, Seber R., 1035 Gress, Cliff W., 1014 Gresseth, Gunder S., 847 Grondahl, Jens K., 658 Grossbeck, Anton, 780 Grosse, Adolph, 1051 Groven, Halvor P., 899 Grover, Baker C., 1065 Grover, James G., 1021 Grow, Enos F., 717 Gunderson, Gunder H., 824 Gunderson, Nels, 899 Hack, John, 668 Hadler, Jacob, 872 Haggstrom, August, 950 Hagman, Erick O., 962 Hall, Charles P., 1003 Hall, Osee M., 1002 Hall, Orrin I., 1038 Haller, Axel, 721 Haller, Andrew B., 981 Hallgren, Joseph, 723 Halvorson, Sr., Martin, 229 Halvorson, Martin, 889 Halvorson, Henry M., 889 Hammer, Edward G., 765 Hamre, Ole J., 1011 Hancock, David, 732 Hancock, Joseph W., 138 Hancock, William B., 139 Hanisch, Herman, 726 Hanson, Oesten, 414 Hanson, 1 Ole J., 814 Hanson, John 0., 690 Hanson, Martin, 722 Hanson, Martin G., 285 Hardy, A. H., 947 INDEX Harlow, George M., 1009 Hartman, George, 725 Hasler, Sarah E. P., 295 Hastau, Gustav L., 845 Haugen, Hnute S., 901 Haugen, Sever K., 900 Haugen, Olai, 1011 Haugen, Ole A., 1010 Haugen, Nels K., 901 Haugen, Sivert O., 928 Haugen, Iver, 841 Haugen, Ole I., 893 Haustein, Joseph A., 727 Hawkins, George W., 726 Hawkinson, Ole., 694 Hayward, F. E., 794 Hayward, Giles, 794 Haywood, George W., 803 Haynes, Samuel H., 691 Heiie, Erick J., 1047 Ilelmeke, Albert, 937 Heltne, Erick C., 835 Henderson, A. G., 10,22 Hennum, Bernt, 928 Henning, Lars J., 787 Hennings, William, 1022 Herbert, Benjamin B., 1062 Herder, Hugo J., 692 Hickman, 1 rank G., 689 Hill, Charles, 321 Hill, Daniel C., 118 Himmelman, Charles, 1001 Hjermstad, Carl F., 1060 Hjermstad, John M., 728 Hjermstad, Hans M., 895 Hjermstad, Albert L., 928 * Hobart, Mrs. Harriet A., 1024 Hobart, Chauncey, 1024 Hodgman, Jesse M., 106 Holman, Peter O., 995 Holmes, Ralph W., 1056 Holter, C. C., 414 Holton, John M., 891 Holton, Hans H., 891 Hommedahl, Sever S., 927 Hoorn, Frederick, 720 Hostager, Nils A., 929 Hostager, Martin A., 1011 Ilougo, K. K., 951 Hoven, Henry G., 848 Iloven, Gunder H., 848 • Hovland, Toger J., 783 Huneke, Joseph, 1010 Humphrey, George W., 724 Hubbard, Lucius F., 730 Hudson, Luther B., 804 Ihrke, John, 807 Ingebretson, Jorgen, 1008 Irish, Loomis F., 806 Irish, R. W„ 994 Irvine, Samuel T., 723 Isensee, Julius H., 857 Jacobson, John C., 966 Jacobson, J. A., 417 Jackson, Swan G., 960 James, Henry, 902 Jefferson, Peter, 907 Jewell, Moses, 806 INDEX 1073 Jewell, W. W., 805 Johnson, F. I., 1031 Johnson, Henry M., 1047 Johnson, Andrew, 1006 Johnson, 'William, 695 Johnson, J. C., 697 Johnson, Julius C., 801 Johnson, Peter M., 817 Johnson, Christian B., 871 Johnson, Lauritz Z., 896 Johnson, J. E., 921 Johnson, John C., 695 Johnson, Edwin O., 995 Jordal, James, 929 Jorgensen, Peter, 696 Kalass, Christian F., 991 Kappel, John 6., 760 Ivellso, H. ,T., 937 Kellett, A. Henry, 992 Kempe, Peter A. H., 1040 Kittleson, Ole, 788 Kjos, A. T., 840 Kohn, F. W., 971 Kolbe, Benjamin A., 788 Koester, William, 991 Koerner^ Wm, F., 428 Kolshorn, Otto W., 1036 Kopplin, Louis H., 811 Kyllingstad, Giles J., 702 Labbitt, William H., 859 Lally, Thomas W., 980 Larson, Lars E., 1053 Larson, David A., 859 Larson, Gustav, 904 Larson, Lewis A., 858 Larson, Otto^ A., 858 Larson, Ammon, 858 Larson, J. F., 922 Larson, John, 879 Larsen, Oscar O., 789 Larson, Henry E., 993 Lauver, Isaac, 700 Leavitt, Charles H., 796 Lee, John J., 921 Lee, Oliver J., 931 Lee, Andrew E., 930 Lewis, E. N.,'838 Lewis, Benjamin, 800 Lexvold, Andrew S., 766 Lexvold, Christian A., 812 Lexvold, Halbert A., 818 Lexvold, Sivert A., 817 Lexvold, Ole A., 823 Libbey, Charles H., 1041 Lidgerding, Henry, 1029 Lien, Carl 1ST., 699 Lilleskov, John S., 885 Lillyblad, Gust, 634 Lind, John, 731 Llewellyn, William T., 698 Longeor, William J., 693 Lothrop, Josiah, 974 Lowater, Wallis S., 971 Lowater, Elias P., 970 Lovgren, Carl A., 701 Lueijk, Ernst, 993 Luchan, John, 993 Luhman, Henry, 874 Lund, Bollof O., 972 Lunde, N. B., 835 Lunde, Iver J., 973 Lunde, Bernt J.', 849 Lunde, Enar B., 930 Lunde, Bottolf B., 931 Lundquist, P. J., 1030 Lykken, Christopher T.,' 955 McCord, Theron B., 706 Mclntire, Jesse, 703 McKinley, Alex, 1045 McNamara, John, 1044 MeWaters, William J., 790 Maley, Thomas, 864 Mark, John P., 966 Marshall, Guy C., 822 Marvin, Frederick L., 779 Martens, John, 860 Matchan, George W., 194 Matchan, Edward M., 1037 Mattson, Hans. 968 Mathews, Bobert E., 999 Melin, Bennett I., 877 Meland, Ole S., 413 Meyer, Conrad, 864 Meyer, George F., 1045 Meyers, Charles H., 1031 Miller, N. J., 8£3 Miller, Harrison, 1049 Miller, A. J., 780 Miller, Otto F. C., 779 Mills, James B.. 990 Mix, Daniel J., 905 Modin, Bernhard, 354 Mogaard, Peter J., 999 Money, John, 849 Monson, Charles, 959 Morgan, Miner C., 791 Mosher, Arthur E., 781 Mosher, William E., 781 Muus, B. J., 408 Naeseth, Herman O., 1039 Naeseth, Ole K., 888 Neill, David M., 1019 Nelson, Mrs. Julia B., 3 055 Nelson, Peter, 363 Nelson, Oscar F., 871 Nelson, John, 878 Nelson, J. G., 923 Nesseth, Peder N., 818 Nerhaugen, Andrew J., 778 Nibbe, J. H., 866 Nickerson, Balph C., 777 Nilan, M. T„ 908 Nordvold, Olaf O., 768 Norelius, Eric, 354 Norsving, John E., 940 Norstad, Joseph A., 931 Nylen, Charles A., 909 Oakland, Halvor O., 932 Odden, Lars O., 961 Odden, Ole O., 960 Ofstie, Ole E., 811 Ofstie, Ludwig, 850 O ’Gorman, Frank T., 982 Olmstad, John A., 923 O’Neill, Sr., James, 961 O’Neill, Jr., James, 961 INDEX 1072 Olmstad, J. M. R., 9S3 Olson, Alford, 1047 Olson, John, 991 Olness, Nels J., 972 Olson, Albert, 1047 Olson, Swan, 704 Olson, Thore, 778 Olsen, John 0., 791 Olson, August P., 687 Olson, John M., 906 Olstad, John G., 932 O ’Reilly, John, 863 Oredalen, Edward, 894 Otterness, John H., 836 Otterness, Edward G., 954 Otterness, Jens H., 955 Otterness, E. L., 952 Palmer, Herman H., 773 Parker, Y. E., 994 Paiilson, B., 1043 Paulson, Paul, 792 Pengilly, Henry L., 792 Perkins, Timothy E., 1048 Perkins, Alfred H., 706 Perkins, Marshall T., 707 Person, George, 776 Perry, Charles W., 800 Persig, Joseph, 946 Peters, Oscar F., 1046 Peters, J. A., 924 Peterson, John W., 1034 Peterson, Peter, 1049 Peterson, Sr., John, 709 Peterson, Christian, 822 Peterson, Otto, 844 Peterson, Julius P., 843 Peterson, Peter A., 912 Peterson, W. Edwin, 819 Petterson, Petter O., 850 Pfeiffer, John C., 708 Phelps, William W., 729 Phillips, Wellington J., 705 Pierce, Dwight C., 869 Pierce. Arthur P., 1018 Pierce, Joshua C., 9 Pierpont, Charles, 985 Pirius, Herman, 819 Pollard, James, 884 Powers, Mark H., 776 Powers, H. B., 775 Pratt, Albert W., 1022 Purdy, S. H., 979 Putnam, William H., 673 Putnam, Robert W., 706 Quain. .John J., 836 Quast, John H., 874 Rasmussen, Christian A., 313 Rebevg, Ole R„ 809 Rebrud, John, 845 Rehder, Ernest, 711 Reiter, A. F., 796 Remmler, Otto, 1023 Remmler, Adolph, 1061 Rich, John H., 624 Rich, Harrison P., 742 Ring, John, 952 Ring, Carl 0., 820 Risch, Herman, 712 Robinson, R. J., 803 Robinson, Thomas, 1039 Rockne, Anton J., 770 Roe, Charles O., 975 Roltseng, Iver I., 957 Romo, Hogen G., 824 Rothe, Paul W., 919 Rygli, Theodore T., 933 Sandberg, N. G., 878 Sandforrt, Philander, 666 Santelman, William C., 1029 Sargent, G. A., 978 Sargent, Charles J., 1020 Satren, Martin H., 793 Sawyer, Herbert P., 870 Schach, John H., 676 Schaffer, Conrad, 1050 Schafer, John, 875 Schafer, Anton, 861 Scherf, Albert G., 1033 Schmidt, Edward W., 1025 Sehweiger, John P., 967 Scofield, Henry M., 765 Scofield, Lewis, 798 Scofield, James L., 925 Scott, Samuel B., 774 Scott, Wilbor S., 677 Seovell, Howard M., 862 Seager, Foster B., 913 Seebaeh, Fred, 675 Senkpiehl, G. F., 936 Senkpiehl, H. W., 936 Sexton, Jared, 713 Sheldon, Theodore B., 31 Sherman, Watts, 1030 Sieg, Jacob, 678 Sigmond, Rasmus R., 772 Simmons, Alfred K., 1017 Simmons, Thor K., 16 Skaar, Osten E., S37 Skillman, Lambert, 1015 Slocum, Harrison M., 925 Smith, C. J. F., 731 Smith, James E., 679 Smith, George E., 679 Soderholm, Henry, 425 Spilman, William, 1015 Stageberg, Nels A., 810 Starz, Louis, 797 Starz, John, 820 Starz, John J., 774 Starz, Edward H., 820 Steberg, A. E,, 1042 Stehr, Henry, 1016 Sterling, George R., 674 Stonedahl, Ole A., 1000 Stone, Eugene D 1 ., 924 Storkel, Philip, 1043 Strand, Knudt O., 813 Strand, Ole A., 1020 Strom, Eimar I., 411 Sturtevant, Thomas, 714 Sudheimer, Edward L., 983 Sundry, Tollef O., 851 Svee, John, 798 Svein, Henry H., 940 Swan, Harry S., 934 Swan, Alfred, 851 INDEX 10 Swanson, J. Albert, 967 Swanson, Andrew, 603 Swanson, John F., 605 Swee, Martin, 981 Sweney, Sr., William M., 140 Sweney, William M., 61 Swenson, Erick 0., 1016 Swenson, Swen L., 1000 Swenson, Sam J., 894 Swenson, Swen O., 825 Swenson, John E., 824 Swenson, Sven E., 821 Swenson, Carl A., 981 Swenson, Joseph. J., 933 Swenson, Bernt, 954 Tanner, Ulysses, 1038 Tether, George S., 875 Thatcher, Joseph A., 1057 Thompson, Thomas J., 683 Thornberg, Nels, 825 Thoresou, Haagen, 895 Thompson, S. A., 877 Thoresou, Otto, 852 Tiller, Richard A., 1005 Tillman, A. W., 1005 Tiller, John J., 896 Tome, Henry, 795 Tongen, Andrew H., 890 Tonseth, Martin O., 772 Tripp, Timothy B., 682 Tripp, Merritt, 681 Tubbesing, Peter H., 680 Tucker, Ezra, 437 Tucker, M. A., 715 Turner, W. H., 826 Ulvin, Otto A., 734 Underdahl, Ole J., 956 TJrevig, Mons S., 953 Vanberg. Frank J., 945 Van de Bogart, W. Scott, 771 Van Campen, Henry A., 915 Van Guilder, Fred, 879 Van Guilder, Alvin, 880 Van Guilder, Wallace, 881 Vangsness, Andrew J., 1007 Vangsness, Carl E., 1003 Van Voorhis, A. H., 887 Veek, Carl, 939 Vollan, John O., 821 Vollmers, Fredrick, 869 Voxland, Lars H., 935 Walsvik, Lars A., 935 Walter, Edward, 994 Wangen, John I., 957 Waiigen, John T., 958 Warren, Ira D., 767 Warren, Mrs. Ellen M., 684 Watts, Lafayette H., 809 Webster, William L., 674 Weiss, Henry E., 770 Weiss, Henry J., 769 Welles, Edward R., 448 Wellner, George C., 331 Wennuth, Oscar R., 984 West, Charles H., 808 West, George R., 807 Westman, Gustav, 920 Westerson, August, 908 Westermo, Marten C., 944 Whipple, Charles J., 985 Whitney, Alonzo D., 687 Whittier, Frank A., 291 Whiton, John H., 883 Wiggen, Olaus, 1037 Wilder, Eli T., 96 Wilkenson, George, 685 Williston, William C., 88 Williamson, William, 920 Williams, George V., 945 Willard, Swante J., 667 Wilson, H. B.; 1059 Wilson, Frank M., 1018 Wing, Osmund J., 978 Wing, John G., 978 Wolfe, George F., 1004 Woodbury, Edwin, 764 Woodbury, Levi, 761 Wyman, George W., 685 Young, G. V., 953 Zander, Charles, 987 Zemke, Herman W., 986 Zemke. Charles J., 793 Zignego, John B., 938 ILLUSTRATIONS Betcher, Charles A., 640 Betcher, Charles, 641 Biorn, L. M., 405 Blodgett, Elijah H., 8 Boraas, Julius, 294 Bringgolcl, Sr., Jacob, 808 Bunn, T. H„ 989 Busch, Friedrich, 969 Chandler, Martin S., 1058 Chandler, John W., 749 Charles Betcher Memorial Chapel, 446 Colvill, William, 520 Cox, James, 108 Cram, James, 764 Deline, W. F., 886 Dickey, J. G., 798 Dow, James O., 761 Farwell, James H., 784 Foot, Silas B., 626 Foot, Mrs. Silas B., 613 Fox, M. D., 911 Gralram, Christopher C., 68 Grannis, Sidney S., 670 Goodhue County Court House, 97 Grondahl, Jens K., 658 Hall, Orrin T., 1038 1074 INDEX Halverson, Sr., Martin, 229 Hancock, Joseph W., 138 Hancock, William B., 139 Hasler, Sarah E. P., 295 Hayward, Giles and family, 794 Henderson, A. G., 1022 Herbert, Benjamin B., 1062 Hill, Daniel C., 118 Hodgman, Jesse M., 106 Hovland, Toger J., and family, 783 Jewell, W. W., 805 Kalfahs, F. W., 365 Longcor, William J., 693 Matchan, George W., 194 Matchan, Mrs. George W., 195 Miller, Harrison, 1049 Naeseth, Ole K., 888 Nelson, Peter, 363 Palmer, Herman H., 773 Peterson, John, 709 Pasmussen, Christian A., 313 Red Wing City Hospital, 613 Remmler, Adolph, 1061 Rich, John H., 624 Robinson, R. J., residence, 803 Robinson, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas, 804 Seager, Foster B., 913 Schmidt, Edward W., 1025 Sheldon, Theodore B., 31 Simmons, Thor K., 16 Smith, C. J. F., 731 Strand, Ole A., 1020 Swanson, Andrew, 603 Sweney, Sr., William M., 1 Sweney, William M., 61 Tucker, Ezra, 437 Wedge, Franklyn-Curtiss Frontis piece Welles, Edward R., 448 Wellner, George C., 331 Westman, Gustav, 920 Wilder, Eli T., 96 Willard, Swante J., 667 Williston, William C., 88 Williston, Mrs. William C., 89 Woodbury, Levi, 761 Woodbury, Edwin, 764 Wyman, Geo. W., residence, 685 Zumbrota Clay Mfg. Co., 237 / • Duke University Llbr ^_ 0 keep this slip in this POCKET form 337 100M 4-53 "This book is due on tne date stamped below Penalty for later return. 5c per day