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 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
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 Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2017 with funding from 
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THE 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK 
 
 n 
 
 OF 
 
 Colonel William Henshaw, 
 
 OF THE AMERICAN ARMY, 
 
 April 20 — Sept. 26, 1775. 
 
 INCLUDING 
 
 A MEMOIR BY EMORY WASHBURN, \ 
 
 AND 
 
 NOTES BY CHARLES C. SMITH. 
 
 WITH ADDITIONS BY HARRIET E. HENSHAW. 
 
 /ac-Stmtles. 
 
 BOSTON: 
 
 A. WILLIAMS AND COMPANY. 
 1881. 
 
University Press: 
 
 John Wilson and Son, Cambridge. 
 
PREFATORY NOTE. 
 
 In printing this Orderly Book, care has been taken to follow 
 the exact spelling of the proper names; but other words have 
 been spelled according to the common usage at the present 
 time. Colonel Henshaw’s spelling of names is not uniform, 
 and in writing them he was no doubt largely guided by the 
 pronunciation. He wrote a very legible hand, and in very 
 few instances can there be any doubt as to what the word or 
 letter is. 
 
 In the Library of the Historical Society there is a manu- 
 script copy of the orders, from April 20th to September 6th, 
 inclusive, which has been much used in correcting Colonel 
 Henshaw’s copy, and which is cited in the foot-notes as 
 Fenno’s Orderly Book. It is in two small quartos, beautifully 
 written ; but from the uniformity of the handwriting, and 
 from some other circumstances, it seems not to have been an 
 original record. The writer must, however, have copied 
 either from an earlier orderly book, or from memoranda made 
 at the time. 
 
 Scattered through several of the volumes of Force’s 
 “American Archives” are also copies of the General Orders, 
 beginning July 3d, the day on which Washington took com- 
 mand of the army ; and there are probably many other copies 
 extant. In the Proceedings of the Society at the meeting 
 June 10, 1875, may be found several extracts from an orderly 
 book supposed to be Captain Chester’s, including some “ reg- 
 imental orders.” 
 
IV 
 
 PREFATORY NOTE. 
 
 By one of the earliest of the General Orders, — April 25th, 
 — it was directed, “That each adjutant, sergeant-major, and 
 orderly sergeant, be immediately provided with orderly books, 
 in order regularly to enter the orders of the army.” July 
 5th, the adjutants were required to take special care that all 
 General Orders should be “ communicated as well to the 
 private men as to the officers, that there may be no plea of 
 ignorance.” Subsequently, July 20th, the aides-de-camp and 
 majors of brigades also were required “ to keep regularly en- 
 tered in a book all the General Orders of the army, as well 
 as those of the brigade they belong to.” From the General 
 Orders, July 17th, it appears that the orders had not been 
 properly published at that time ; and it was announced that 
 a failure to perform the duty imposed on the adjutants would 
 subject them to the penalties of a court-martial. If that 
 duty was afterward performed, there must have been an 
 orderly book for every regiment, or, at least, a copy of the 
 orders of each day in some form. 
 
 As Colonel Henshaw did not receive the book into which 
 these orders are copied until July 5th, the earlier orders must 
 have been taken from some other book or from the originals. 
 It is not easy to determine when he Began to make his daily 
 entries. 
 
 For the Committee, 
 
 CHABLES C. SMITH. 
 
MEMOIR 
 
 OF 
 
 COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 [The Orderly Book of Colonel William Henshaw, which is here printed 
 from the original manuscript, belongs to his granddaughter, Miss H. E. 
 Henshaw, of Leicester, Mass., who kindly placed it in the hands of the 
 committee of the Massachusetts Historical Society for publication. In 
 accordance with her wish and that of other members of the family, a 
 Memoir of Colonel Henshaw has been prepared by an associate member. 
 Professor Emory Washburn, as an introduction to the Orderly Book, and 
 it follows herewith : — ] 
 
 The subject of this notice was born in Boston, Sept. 20, 1735. He 
 was the son of Daniel Henshaw, who, with his brother Joshua, was 
 a son of Joshua, an early proprietor of Leicester. Daniel married 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Joseph Bass, of Boston ; and, when his son 
 William was thirteen years of age, removed to Leicester, upon land 
 belonging to his father, where he lived till his death in 1781, at the 
 age of eighty years. Another of Daniel’s sons, who also lived in 
 Leicester, was the father of the Hon. David Henshaw, at one time 
 Secretary of the Navy. Another of his sons was Joseph, who 
 graduated at Harvard College in 1748. He married the daughter 
 of Joshua second; and, in 1774, removed to Leicester, and took a 
 prominent part, both in a millitary and civil capacity, in the early and 
 later stages of the Revolution. Joshua, his father-in-law, was obliged 
 by his political opinions to remove from Boston in the same year, and 
 
VI 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 for a while resided in Leicester. His son, Joshua third, was many 
 years register of deeds for the county of Suffolk. His father, Joshua 
 second, and Joseph, were associated and active co-workers with the 
 Adamses, Otis, Warren, Quincy, and others, in the measures which 
 originated and carried forward the Revolution. Joshua the second 
 represented Boston in the General Court, and had the honor of being 
 negatived by Governor Bernard when chosen to the Council ; having 
 for associates in being so rejected Bowdoin, Otis, Hancock, and 
 Artemas Ward. 
 
 William, the subject of this notice, had the advantage of the Boston 
 schools until his removal, and had made considerable progress in the 
 study of Latin, with a view of preparing for college, as his brother 
 had done before him. He thus acquired a taste for literary culture, 
 which he afterwards improved, till, as will be seen, he applied it to 
 practical use in the preparation of important papers and documents of 
 a public character connected with the Revolutionary movements in 
 which he took a part. 
 
 In 1759, he received a second lieutenant’s commission in Captain 
 Baldwin’s company, and Colonel,. afterwards General, Ruggles’s regi- 
 ment of Provincial troops, under General Amherst, and served during 
 two campaigns, — being stationed a considerable part of the time at 
 Fort Edward and afterwards at Crown Point. He then returned 
 to Leicester, and in 1762 married Ruth Sargent, daughter of Jona- 
 than Sargent, of that town. From that time till his death, he lived 
 upon and cultivated a farm in the easterly part of the town. 
 
 Another leading citizen of Leicester, Joseph Allen, afterwards a 
 representative in Congress while residing in Worcester, had removed 
 from Boston in 1771. He was a nephew of Samuel Adams, and 
 shared his confidence, and was in hearty sympathy with his views. 
 The population of the town at that time did not exceed a thousand, 
 and most of them were farmers of small means ; and, considering 
 their remoteness from Boston in the then condition of intercourse, 
 without a post-office, or even a mail, except one carried on horseback 
 about once a fortnight, it might strike one with surprise to learn at 
 how early a stage in the growing spirit of resistance to the encroach- 
 ments of the Crown, the people of Leicester were in full possession of 
 the merits of the controversy, and entered with a zeal and intelligence 
 hardly second to that of the people of Boston themselves into the 
 discussions to which it gave rise. This is readily to be traced to those 
 family relations, and not a little of it was due to the correspondence 
 
1876.] MEMOIR OF COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 YU 
 
 which Colonel Ilenshaw kept up with his brother Joseph and his 
 cousin Joshua. Among the papers which he left are sundry letters, 
 covering a period from May, 1766, to August, 1774, written by his 
 cousin, in which he keeps him advised of what was doing upon the one 
 side and the other ; but in which, from motives of prudence, the name 
 of the writer was feigned, or omitted altogether. The records of the 
 town also show a series of remarkable papers, commencing as early as 
 October, 1765, and continued to May, 1776; consisting of instruc- 
 tions to the representatives of the town in the General Court or Pro- 
 vincial Congress, letters and communications in reply to those received 
 from the inhabitants of Boston, resolutions setting forth the rights of 
 the people and the wrongs they were suffering, and the views of its 
 citizens “ on the present melancholy situation of this country.” In 
 their style, their broad and statesmanlike views of the condition of 
 the country, the principles for which they were contending, and the 
 bold determination they express of maintaining them, these papers 
 will compare favorably with the best of the like documents which ap- 
 peared during that time, and have excited the admiration of students 
 in history. Several of the most striking of these were drawn by 
 Colonel Henshaw, and some of the others were prepared by committees 
 of which he was a member. 
 
 But an occurrence in which he took a prominent part, in April, 
 1774, partook more of personal courage and open avowal of resistance 
 to the objectionable measures of the government, than the papers 
 above mentioned. It will be remembered that the government at 
 home, in order to render the judges of the Superior Court independent 
 of the people of the Province, to whom they looked for their salaries, 
 made provision in 1772 for their being, in future, paid out of the 
 royal exchequer. The people regarded this as a direct attack upon 
 the system under which they had lived. The power of the court, as 
 then conducted, was very imposing, and the dignity and respect it 
 maintained raised it above the ordinary criticism with which the 
 other branches of the government were discussed. With an almost 
 unlimited power to impose fines and imprisonment upon such as pre- 
 sumed to disturb the course of the proceedings at its sessions, it is 
 difficult to imagine the gravity of a measure which had for its purpose 
 to assail one of the members, and that the chief, at one of its sessions 
 for the transaction of public business. Chief Justice Oliver alone had 
 accepted his salary at the hands of the Crown, and in that way had 
 made himself the object of general odium. The House of Repre- 
 
VI 11 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 sentatives took measures for his removal by a formal bill of im- 
 peachment. In this state of public feeling, the term of the court was 
 to be held at Worcester, in April, 1774. It was a matter of grave 
 difficulty how this feeling towards the Chief Justice could properly be 
 manifested, and not seriously obstruct the transaction of the civil and 
 criminal business of the county, — especially as, up to that time, no 
 one seriously thought of compromitting his allegiance to the king and 
 royal authority. A panel of fifteen grand jurors attended at the 
 opening of the court ; Colonel Henshaw was one of them. Instead 
 of offeriug themselves, as usual, to be sworn to the performance of 
 their duty as jurors, they handed to the court a written protest, 
 signed by them all, in which they refused to act as jurors if Chief 
 Justice Oliver was to act as one of the judges. In it they declared 
 not only that he was disqualified to act, but they added, that, “ by his 
 own confession he stands convicted, in the minds of the people, of a 
 crime more heinous, in all probability, than any that might come be- 
 fore him.” This was certainly a bold measure and bold language 
 for a few yeomen and mechanics, called from their farms and their 
 workshops, to address to the most august court in the Province. It 
 carried, moreover, with it no little peril, in view of the sensitive char- 
 acter of the court to its own dignity, and the power of punishing any 
 contempt committed towards them, by fine and imprisonment. 
 
 Fortunately the Chief Justice, for some reason, did not attend the 
 term, as it had been expected he would have done, and the business 
 was not any further interrupted. But the Chief Justice was highly 
 indignant with his brethren that they had suffered the measure to 
 pass unpunished. “ Had any of my brethren,” said he, “ been charged 
 in so infamous a manner, I would for ever have quitted the bench, 
 rather than have suffered such an indignity to them to have passed 
 unnoticed.” 
 
 The protest was drawn by Colonel Henshaw ; and among those 
 whose names it bears was Timothy Bigelow, who was afterwards a 
 major in Arnold’s expedition to Canada, for whom Mount Bigelow, 
 in Maine, was named ; and was subsequently the gallant commander 
 of the famous Fifteenth Regiment in the Massachusetts line of the 
 Continental army. Some of the best-known families in the State 
 claim him as their ancestor. 
 
 This was the last term of the court held in Worcester County 
 under royal administration, and was soon followed by a general cessa- 
 tion of all civil authority of the royal government in the Province. On 
 
1876.] 
 
 MEMOIR OF COLOXEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 IX 
 
 the 17th of June, 1774, General Gage, by proclamation, dissolved the 
 General Court; and from that time till the 19th July, 1775, — more 
 than a year, — the people of Massachusetts presented a moral spectacle, 
 which is hardly to be surpassed in history, of a self-governed com- 
 munity in the incipient stages of a war, whose only rulers were men 
 voluntarily chosen by them, with no executive prerogative ; whose 
 recommendations were laws, and to whose officers, military as well as 
 civil, willing and unquestioning obedience was rendered. These 
 representative bodies of the people were of two kinds : one made up 
 of delegates from towns in the whole Province, who took the name 
 of Provincial Congress, and met for the first time at Salem, Oct. 
 7, 1774; the others made up of the delegates, or committees of 
 correspondence, of the towns, who came together in the several 
 counties, having a more limited scope of action, and yet adopting 
 measures to carry forward the great work of furnishing, arming, 
 and providing for troops, and maintaining good order in the com- 
 munity. The first of these meetings was held at Worcester, on the 
 9th August, 1774; and was continued, by adjournment, till May 31, 
 1775. It consisted of the several “ committees of correspondence ” of 
 that county. Colonel Henshaw, a delegate from Leicester, was chosen 
 clerk, and took an active part in the proceedings. On the 21st Sep- 
 tember, the convention advised to the “organizing and officering” 
 seven regiments of troops in that county ; and, upon the motion of 
 Colonel Henshaw, recommended that one-third of the men of the re- 
 spective towns, between sixteen and sixty years of age, be enlisted, 
 “ to be ready to act at a minute’s warning,” and that each town in the 
 county choose a sufficient number of men as a committee “ to supply 
 and support those troops that shall move on any emergency.” This 
 was the origin of that most efficient organization known as “ minute- 
 men,” who evinced their claim to the title by the promptness with 
 which they acted. In the case of the company which was raised in 
 Leicester, a messenger having reached the town on the 19 th April, a 
 little after noon, giving the alarm that the British troops had marched 
 for. Lexington, the members were collected from their farms, over a 
 territory of six miles square, and were mustered, and began their 
 march for Cambridge, within four hours after the alarm was given. 
 A regiment of these minute-men was organized in Worcester County, 
 of which Mr. Henshaw was the colonel. 
 
 Immediately upon hearing the alarm on the 1 9th, Colonel Henshaw 
 took measures to assemble the officers of his regiment at Worcester ; 
 
X 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 and by ten o’clock that night they were there, ready with arms, 
 ammunition, and one week’s provision, and reached Cambridge the 
 next forenoon. He remained at Cambridge till the 16th June, when 
 he was discharged, and left for home. During his stay at Cambridge 
 he was not inactive. He was a member of the council of war ; and, as 
 one of a committee of that body, he, together with Colonel Gridley 
 and Mr. Richard Devens, of this committee, in connection with a 
 delegation from the committee of safety, on the 12th of May, 1775, 
 reconnoitred the high lands in Cambridge and Charlestown, and made 
 a report, signed by Colonel Henshaw, as chairman of a sub-committee 
 of the council of war, and Dr. Church, on the part of the committee 
 of safety, wherein they recommended several points at which breast- 
 works and redoubts should be constructed between Cambridge and 
 Charlestown ; “ also, a strong redoubt to be raised on Bunker’s Hill, 
 with cannon planted there to annoy the enemy coming out of Charles- 
 town, also to annoy those going by water to Medford. When these 
 are finished, we apprehend the country will be safe from all sallies of 
 the enemy in that quarter.” This report was made to the committee 
 of safety ; but they declined to take action or advise uj)on the matter, 
 as the question should rest wholly with the council of war. It has 
 been generally understood that it was in pursuance of this recom- 
 mendation that Colonel Prescott was detailed to erect works on 
 Bunker’s Hill on the ifith June ; though, in the end, he concluded to 
 occupy Breed’s instead of Bunker’s Hill. 
 
 On the 23d June, the Provincial Congress, who, as already stated, 
 appointed and commissioned officers of the Provincial army around 
 Boston, requested General Ward, the commander-in-chief, to nomi- 
 nate an adjutant-general of the forces. This he did; and, on the 
 27th of that month, Colonel Henshaw was commissioned to that 
 office. Upon the arrival of General Washington, with General Gates, 
 who had been commissioned by the Continental Congress as adjutant- 
 general of the American Army, Colonel Henshaw was thereby super- 
 seded. This was on the 3d July, 1775 ; and Colonel Henshaw was 
 about to return home, when he was induced to remain in the service 
 as assistant to General Gates. The account he gives in memoranda 
 left by him, and made a short time before his death, is as follows : 
 “ I rode three or four days around the camp, showing him [Gates] the 
 regiments and the colonels, intending to return home. He requested 
 me to stay through the campaign, as he could not do without an assist- 
 ant, and I should have the same pay and rations as a colonel. General 
 
1876.] MEMOIR OF COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 XI 
 
 Gates told me to write to the Continental Congress for my wages, and 
 lie would write them that he had employed me and promised me the 
 same pay as a colonel. I never wrote them, and have never received 
 any pay for my services.” * 
 
 At the close of the campaign, Colonel Henshaw returned to his 
 farm. But upon the personal solicitation of General Washington, 
 after a month or two, he was induced to accept office in the Continental 
 service, under the following circumstances, as stated by him: “Pre- 
 vious to the campaign of 1776, there were three regiments commanded 
 by lieutenant-colonels, and General Washington offered me the com- 
 mand of either of them. I went and conversed with the officers, and 
 found them averse to it; and informed General Washington that, if I 
 accepted his offer, it would be injurious to the service, and declined it. 
 He then told me he hoped I would not leave the service, but take a 
 lieutenant-colonel's commission, which I did under Colonel Little ; 
 and in April marched to New York, in General Greene’s brigade. 
 Soon after, General Washington came and ordered said brigade to 
 Long Island.” 
 
 His regiment was in the disastrous battle of Long Island, in August, 
 1776. When it began, he was stationed at Flatbush, and was in 
 command of a picket guard, and found himself cut off from the body 
 of the Continental troops by the sudden advance of the enemy between 
 him and their encampment. The details of the battle as given in the 
 histories of that day are too numerous for a place in this memoir ; 
 but there were those alive within the memory of many now living 
 who participated in the events of that day, and have often related 
 the part which Colonel Henshaw’s detachment took in them, and 
 uniformly ascribed to it great gallantry in cutting its way through 
 the Hessian troops with an overwhelming superiority in numbers. 
 There is a very brief and unassuming account of it in a letter which 
 he wrote to his wife, the day after the battle, and before the army 
 began their memorable retreat to the main-land : “ We have had an 
 engagement with the enemy, were surrounded by them, and had a 
 number killed and taken. I was with the party that were surrounded, 
 
 * If any of the orders contained in the Orderly Book of Colonel Henshaw, 
 herewith published, should be found to correspond, substantially, with what 
 have been published from other sources, it will not be difficult to understand 
 how this may have happened from the circumstance of his co-operating in duty 
 with General Gates, instead of having a distinct department to himself. 
 
XU 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 and, through a kind Providence, got through their fire without being 
 wounded or taken ; the particulars of which I have not time to relate, 
 as the enemy are close to us, and we expect to be attacked every 
 ho iiiy/ His statement of the affair, as given a short time before his 
 death, when his memory had been somewhat impaired, is: “I com- 
 manded a picket-guard at Flatbush, where the enemy were encamped, 
 who marched and formed a line between us and our encampment. 
 Knowing we could not receive orders, we marched for our lines. We 
 fortunately got on with little loss.” But, as showing how sudden the 
 movement on his part was, he states that “he lost his saddle-bags, 
 spurs, night-clothes, and gloves, which he had not time to take with 
 him.” 
 
 After that he was, for some time, with his regiment in the neigh- 
 borhood of King’s Bridge and White Plains, and took an active part 
 in the battle at the latter place. At this time he was again offered a 
 colonelcy of a regiment, which he declined, as he did not think it 
 right to prefer a junior officer to those who, by the disbanding of their 
 regiments by expiration of the times of their enlistments, would be de- 
 prived of their commands. When the army marched into New Jersey, 
 his regiment was under the command of General Lee until he was 
 taken prisoner, when his place was filled by General Sullivan. Dur- 
 ing this time his regiment was under his command in the absence of 
 its colonel, and was with Washington at Trenton, Princeton, and Mor- 
 ristown ; at which place, having resigned his office, Colonel Henshaw 
 left the army, in February, 1777. The reason for this step was the 
 number of officers who had lost their command by the disbanding of 
 their regiments ; and the demands of a young family, which called 
 him home as a matter of personal duty. He left the service, however, 
 with great reluctance, as his taste naturally led him to a military life, 
 and this had been strengthened by his early and later experiences in 
 active service. But he did not retire from public life, nor lose a jot 
 of interest in the affairs of the country, upon withdrawing from the 
 army. He was repeatedly chosen to represent his town of Leicester 
 in the General Court, and was for many years an active magistrate 
 in the county. 
 
 Colonel Henshaw married, for his second wife, Phebe Swan, a daugh- 
 ter of Dudley Wade Swan, of Leicester; and among the children of 
 the marriage was one to whom he gave the name of his old associate 
 in arms, Horatio Gates, who died in 1860, at the age of seventy-one, 
 a much respected citizen of Leicester. Colonel Henshaw himself died 
 
1876.] MEMOIR OF COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 XLU 
 
 in February, 1820, at the age of eighty-four; his wife having died in 
 1808. 
 
 Enough has appeared in this incomplete sketch of the life of Colonel 
 Henshaw to show that he possessed many strong and decided traits of 
 character ; but it can. at best, give a very imperfect idea of his personal 
 qualities as a citizen and a member of society. In his deportment and 
 manner there was a courtesy and dignity which had been cultivated 
 by his association with military life, and the distinguished men of his 
 day. He was a gentleman of the old school in his dress as well as 
 personal bearing. He rode a horse with grace and ease ; and, when 
 walking, moved with an erect figure and a firm and measured step. He 
 never gave up the cocked-hat. boots, and spurs which were character- 
 istic of the men of the Revolution. He was social in his habits, con- 
 versed with fluency and ease, and had a store of interesting incidents 
 and agreeable memories of the war and the men he had known, which 
 made him a welcome guest and companion with the young as well as 
 the old. In his life he exemplified his profession as a Christian, and 
 was a liberal supporter of the religious and educational interests of 
 the town, where he was universally respected and esteemed. 
 
 He belonged to a class of men who seem to have been raised up by 
 Providence to plan and carry through the Revolution, and lay the 
 foundation of a free and independent Republic. Like most of his 
 associates, his politics were of the school of Washington and Hamilton, 
 before offices had become “ spoils,” to be won by feats of unscrupulous 
 political partisanship. And » if the memoir of one whose life was 
 chiefly spent upon his farm, amidst the duties of a citizen and the 
 courtesies of a Christian gentleman, can do no more, it may serve to 
 keep alive the remembrance of the class of men, and their qualities, 
 who left to their posterity the heritage of freedom which they had 
 won by their patriotism and courage. 
 
William Henshaw, son of Daniel and Elizabeth Bass Ruth, wife of William Henshaw, deceased Jan. 1, 1709, 
 
 Henshaw, of Boston, was married to Ruth Sabgeant, aged twenty-five years. 
 
 daughter of Jonathan Sabgeant, of Leicester, on the 
 fourth day of February, 1762. 
 
 xiy 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. [Oct. 
 
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1876 ] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 1 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK.* 
 
 The Regiment of the Hon. Artemas Ward, Esq. t 
 
 Jonathan Ward, Lieut. -Colonel. 
 Edward Barns, 1st Major. 
 Timothy Bigilow, 2d Major. 
 
 Captains. 
 Josiah Fay. 
 
 Seth Washburn. 
 Job Cushing. 
 Daniel Hants. 
 James Miilen. 
 Luke Drury. 
 Jonas Hubbard. 
 Samuel Hood. 
 Moses Weelock. 
 Smith. 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 
 Joseph Livermore. 
 Ezra Beman. 
 William Morse. 
 Abel Perrey. 
 Asaph Sherman. 
 
 Moses Kellogg;. 
 
 James Hart 
 William Boyd 
 
 2d Lieutenants. 
 
 Loring Lincoln. 
 Asa Rice. 
 
 Paul Bridgham. 
 Aaron Abbey. 
 Jonas Brown. 
 William Gates. 
 Thomas Seever. 
 Obadiah Mann. 
 Elisha Liman. 
 Adjutant. 
 Quartermaster. 
 Surgeon. 
 
 The Hon. John Thomas, Esqr's Regiment.% 
 
 The Hon. John Thomas, Esq., Colonel. 
 John Baileal Jun., Lieut -Colonel. 
 Thomas Mitchell, Major. 
 
 John Jacobs, 2d Major. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Amos Turner. 
 
 Samuel Stocbbridge. 
 Nathaniel Winslow. 
 Freedom Chamberlain. 
 Eleazar Hamlin. 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 Prince Stetson. 
 Attwood Mott. 
 Joshua Jacobs. 
 John Turner, Jun. 
 Amos Shaw. 
 
 2d Lieutenants. 
 Joshua Barstow. 
 
 Caleb Nickolls. 
 Nathaniel Chittenden. 
 John Leavitt. 
 
 Increase Robinson. 
 
 * At the top of the first page is the following memorandum in the hand- 
 writing of Colonel Henshaw : “ Present from Colo. Joseph Reed, Esq., to Wm. 
 Henshaw, July 5th, 1775.” — Eds. 
 
 f In the list of commissions ordered to be given out to General AVard’s regi- 
 ment, May 23, 1775, and printed in 4 Force's American Archives, II., 823, only 
 the first nine companies are included ; and the names of John Smith, Timothy 
 Brigham, and Thomas Bond are given as lieutenants of the companies com- 
 manded by Captains Hubbard, Hood, and Weelock, respectively. In Force’s 
 list there are several variations in the spelling of the names, of which only two 
 are important, — Miller instead of Miilen. and Wood instead of Hood. Hen- 
 shaw’s handwriting is very clear and exact, and in each instance it is impossible 
 to mistake the name as he has written it. In Force’s lists the second lieutenants 
 are called ensigns. — Eds. 
 
 t In the list printed in 4 Force, II., 825, 826, there are several variations in 
 spelling which are obviously mistakes of the copyist. The name of the second 
 lieutenant of Captain Stockbridge’s company is also given as Nicholson, and 
 Solomon Shaw appears as second lieutenant of Captain Read’s company, instead 
 of David Cobb. — Eds. 
 
 1 
 
9 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 William Read. 
 Josiah Haden. 
 
 Daniel Lothrop. 
 Elijah Crooker. 
 James Allen. 
 
 Luther 
 Adam 1 
 Lemuel 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 Samuel Brown. 
 Zechariah Gurney. 
 Ephraim Jackson. 
 King Laphan. 
 Jacob Allen. 
 
 Bailey 
 
 3ailey 
 
 Cushing .... 
 
 2d Lieutenants. 
 David Cobb. 
 Joseph Cole, Jun. 
 Abner Hayward. 
 Jacob Rogers. 
 Perez Warren. 
 Adjutant. 
 Quartermaster. 
 Surgeon. 
 
 Regiment* 
 
 Asa Whetcomb, Esq., Colonel. 
 Josiah Witney, Lieut. -Colonel. 
 Ephraim Sawyer, Major. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 John Fuller. 
 
 Ephraim Richardson. 
 David Wilden. 
 
 Abner Cranson. 
 
 James Burt. 
 
 Robert Longley. 
 
 Jon 0, Davis. 
 
 Edmund Bemis. 
 Andrew Haskell. 
 Agrippa Wills. 
 Benjamin Hastings. 
 
 Jerimiah 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 Ebenezer Bridge. 
 Seth Haywood. 
 Ebenezer Wood. 
 Jon 1 Guild. 
 
 John Kindrick. 
 Silvanus Smith. 
 Jacob Pool. 
 Elisha Fullsome. 
 John Wyman. 
 John Hoar. 
 
 John Houghton. 
 Guager .... 
 
 William Duninore 
 Jerimiah Larton . 
 
 2d Lieutenants. 
 Jared Smith. 
 Ephraim Boynton. 
 Jabez Keep. 
 Samuel West. 
 Jonathan Sawyer. 
 Ephraim Smith. 
 Ezekiel Foster. 
 John Mead. 
 Benjamin West. 
 David Foster. 
 Jonathan Meriam. 
 Adjutant. 
 
 Surgeon. 
 
 Quartermaster. 
 
 Regiment, f 
 
 Joseph Read, Esq., Colonel. 
 
 Ebenezer Clap, Lieut. -Colonel. 
 
 Calvin Smith, Major. 
 
 Captains. Lieutenants. 2d Lieutenants. 
 
 Oliver Pond. Wigglesworth Messenger. Elias Bacon. 
 
 Samuel Payson. Royal Kellock. Enoch Hewins. 
 
 * The list of Colonel Whitcomb’s regiment, June 3, 1775, in 4 Force, II., 827, 
 does not contain the names of the regimental officers, and there are numerous 
 variations in the company officers. Benjamin Hastings and his two lieutenants 
 do not appear, as they were not recommended for commissions until June 30. 
 Captains Wilden, Longley, and Wills are called Wilder, Langley, and Wells, 
 and these are no doubt the correct spellings. The lieutenants of Captain Burt’s 
 company are given as Ebenezer Woods and Jabez Keep, instead of John Kin- 
 drick and Jonathan Sawyer, who are assigned to Captain Haskell’s company. 
 Captain Wilder’s lieutenants are Jonathan Quits and Timothy Boutall, neither 
 of whom appears in Colonel Ilenshaw’s list. Captain Wells’s lieutenants are 
 given as Jacob Poole and Ezekiel Foster ; and Captain Davis’s as Elisha Fallum 
 and John Meed, while Wyman and Benjamin West are assigned to Cranston, 
 and Hoar and David Foster to Bemis. Guild and Samuel West do not appear 
 in Force’s list. — Eds. 
 
 t The list (May 18, 1775) in 4 Force, II., 823, has Hezekiah Chapman as 
 chaplain, Levi Willard as surgeon, and Joseph Adams as surgeon’s mate. In- 
 stead of Petty and Farmer among the lieutenants his list gives Potter and 
 Farrer. — Eds. 
 
1S76.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 3 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Andrew Peters. 
 William Briggs. 
 Seth Bullard. 
 Samuel Warren. 
 David Batchelor. 
 Samuel Cobb. 
 Moses Knapp. 
 Edward Segrave. 
 
 John 
 
 Willi; 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 Levi Alderieh. 
 Simon Leach. 
 Thomas Petty. 
 Joseph Cody. 
 Benjamin Farmer. 
 Japhet Daniels. 
 Nehimiah White. 
 Job Knap. 
 
 Holden 
 
 am Jennison 
 
 2(1 Lieutenants. 
 William Dalling. 
 Jedidiah Southworth. 
 Ezekiel Plimton. 
 George Whipple. 
 Robert Taft. 
 
 Amos Ellis. 
 
 Benj a Capron. 
 
 Peter Taft. 
 
 Adjutant. 
 
 Quartermaster. 
 
 Surgeon. 
 
 Timothy Walker , Rsqr's Regiment.* 
 
 Timothy Walker, Colonel. 
 Nathaniel Leonard, Lieut -Colonel. 
 Abiel Mitchel, Major. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 John Perry. 
 
 Samuel Bliss. 
 
 Silas Cobb. 
 
 Francis Liscomb. 
 Macy Williams. 
 Peter Pitts. 
 
 Caleb Richardson. 
 John King. 
 
 Oliver Soper. 
 Samuel Tubbs. Jun 
 Mason 
 Jacob 
 David 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 
 John Pain. 
 
 Aaron Walker. 
 Isaac Smith. 
 Matthew Randel. 
 Samuel Lane. 
 Zebedee Praideau. 
 Enoch Robinson. 
 Noah Hall. 
 
 Simeon Cobb. 
 John Shaw. 
 
 Shaw 
 
 F uller 
 
 Parker 
 
 2(1 Lieutenants. 
 James Bucklin. 
 Joseph Allen. 
 
 Isaac Fisher. 
 
 Seth Pratt. 
 
 John Cook. 
 
 Henry Briggs. 
 Solomon Stanley. 
 Abraham Hathway. 
 Thomas 'Williams. 
 Joel Tubbs. 
 Adjutant. 
 Quartermaster. 
 
 Surgeon. 
 
 Theophilus Cotton, Rsqr's Regiment .f 
 
 Theophilus Cotton, Colonel. 
 Ichabod Ai.den, Lieut. -Colonel. 
 Ebenezer Sprout, Major. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Thomas Mahew. 
 Earl Clapp. 
 
 John Bradford. 
 John Brigham. 
 Joshua Benson. 
 Isaac Wood. 
 
 Peleg Wadworth. 
 Samuel Bradford. 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 Nathan' Lewis. 
 Isaac Pope. 
 
 Jesse Shirtefant. 
 Edward Sparrow. 
 William Thomson. 
 Abiel Townsend. 
 Seth Drew. 
 Andrew Sampson. 
 
 2d Lieutenants. 
 Benjamin Warren. 
 Charles Church. 
 Thomas Sampson. 
 Nehimiah Cobb. 
 James Smith. 
 Foxwell Thomas. 
 Joseph Sampson. 
 Judah Alden. 
 
 * The list in 4 Force, II., 823, gives the name of the surgeon as Daniel Park 
 instead of David Parker, and has Raidean instead of Prideau. — Ens. 
 
 t The list in 4 Force, II., 824, 825, May 26, 1775, names William Thomas as 
 surgeon and John Thomas as surgeon’s mate, and has John Bradford instead 
 of Samuel Bradford, Jesse Sturtefant instead of Jesse Shirtefant, Archelaus 
 Cole instead of Arcippus Cole, and Judah Allen instead of Judah Alden. — Eds. 
 
4 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 Captains. Lieutenants. 
 
 Amos Wade. Arcippus Cole. 
 
 Edward Hamm on. Timothy Ruggles. 
 
 Joshua Thomas .... 
 J ohn Cotton 
 
 2d Lieutenants. 
 Lemuel Wood. 
 Nathan Sears. 
 Adjutant. 
 Quartermaster. 
 Surgeon. 
 
 Regiment.* 
 
 John Mansfeild, Esq , Colonel. 
 Isr'Eal Hutchinson, Lieut. -Colonel. 
 Ezra Putnam, Major. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Ezra Newall. 
 
 Enoch Putnam. 
 Ebenezer Francis. 
 Asa Prince. 
 
 Benj" Kimball. 
 Thomas Barns. 
 Addison Richardson. 
 John Low. 
 
 Gideon Foster. 
 Nathan Brown. 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 Zadock Buffington. 
 John Dodge. 
 
 James Bancroft. 
 John Upton. 
 
 Job Whipple. 
 Nathaniel Cleaves. 
 Francis Cocks. 
 Stephen Wilkins. 
 Bille Porter. 
 Ephraim Emerton. 
 
 2d Lieutenants. 
 
 John Peirce. 
 
 Benj a Crafts. 
 
 James Matthews. 
 Grimes Tufts. 
 Benjamin Gardiner. 
 Joseph Henrick. 
 Frederick Reed. 
 Archb a Batchelor. 
 Hartfail White. 
 Thomas Downing. 
 Adjutant 
 Quartermaster. 
 
 Surgeon. 
 
 Regiment, f 
 
 Timothy Danielson, Esq., Colonel. 
 William Sheppard, Lieut -Colonel. 
 
 David 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Silvan us Walker. 
 Enoch Cheapin. 
 Warren Parks. 
 Lebbeius Ball. 
 
 Gedeon Burt. 
 
 Paul Langdon. 
 
 Leonard, Major. 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 Esau C oburn. 
 Luke Day. 
 Richard Fally. 
 Levi Dunham. 
 Aaron Still. 
 Avery Parker. 
 
 2d Lieutenants. 
 Samuel Flower. 
 
 John Sheppard, Jun. 
 Lem 1 Bancroft. 
 
 Walter Pinchon. 
 Daniel Gadwell. 
 
 * The list in 4 Force, II., 826, omits the names of the staff officers, and has 
 Francis Fox instead of Francis Cocks, John Reese instead of John Peirce, 
 Simeon Tufts instead of Grimes Tufts, Herrick instead of Henrick, and omits 
 Downing’s Christian name.; and there are some other slight variations. — Eds. 
 
 t The list in 4 Force, II., 826, May 27, 1775, has David Shephard as surgeon, 
 omits the name of the second lieutenant in Walker’s company ; has Cadvvell as 
 first lieutenant in Langdon’s company, and omits the name of his second lieu- 
 tenant ; omits the names of Burt’s or Burst’s two lieutenants ; has Enos Chapin 
 and Warham Parks instead of Enoch Cheapin and Warren Parks; Farguison 
 instead of Furgerson ; omits Peters, Egrees and his two lieutenants, and Kemp- 
 ton and his two lieutenants; and adds Jonathan Bardwell as captain, with Wil- 
 liam Gillmore and Moses How for lieutenants ; and also omits from the lists of 
 lieutenants, Still, Parker, Lemuel Bancroft, Pinchon, and Pickens, and adds to 
 the first lieutenants Samuel Flower, Caleb Keep, J. Shepperd, Jr., Samuel Ban- 
 croft, and David Hambleton [Hamilton'!], and names as second lieutenants 
 Day, John Carpenter, Falley, and Dunham. — Eds. 
 
1876 .] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 b 
 
 Captains. Lieutenants. 
 
 Daniel Egrees. Seth Smith. 
 
 Nathan Peters. 
 
 John Fnrgerson. 
 
 Thomas Kempt on. John Chadwick. 
 
 William Toogood . 
 William Young 
 
 2d Lieutenants. 
 John Pickens. 
 Josiah Winter. 
 David Hamilton. 
 Amos Saper. 
 Adjutant. 
 Quartermaster. 
 Surgeon. 
 
 Regiment.* 
 
 William Prescott, Esq., Colonel. 
 John . Robinson, Lieut. -Colonel. 
 Henry Wood, Major. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Henry Farewell. 
 Hugh Maxwell. 
 
 John Nutting. 
 
 Joshua Parker. 
 
 Asa Parker. 
 
 Eliphalet Densmore. 
 Oliver Parker. 
 
 Joseph Moore. 
 
 Abijah Wyman. 
 Samuel Gilbert. 
 Samuel Patch. 
 Reuben Dow. 
 
 William 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 
 Levi Witney. 
 Joseph Stebbins. 
 Nathan 1 Lakin. 
 Amariah Fassett. 
 Ebenezer Spaulden. 
 Joseph Spaulden. 
 Joseph Gilbert. 
 Ephraim Corey. 
 
 Joshua Brown 
 John Goss. 
 Green .... 
 
 2d Lieutenants. 
 Benj“ Ball. 
 
 John Moshen. 
 Thomas Rogers. 
 
 John Williams. 
 Thomas Spaulden. 
 Thomas Cummings. 
 Joseph Baker. 
 
 Adjutant. 
 
 Quartermaster. 
 
 Surgeon. 
 
 Regiment, t 
 
 James Frye, Esq., Colonel. 
 James Brickett, Lieut. -Colonel. 
 Thomas Poor, Major. 
 
 * The list in 4 Force, II., 824, May 25, 1775, has only the names of the first 
 four captains, with Asa Lawrence, Elpt. Dinsmore, Samuel Patch, and Oliver 
 Parker, as first lieutenants, and Abijah Wyman, Timo. Woodward, and Joseph 
 Moor, as second lieutenants ; but in two recommendations of the Committee of 
 Safety, June 22, and June 23, Samuel Patch is named as a captain, and Zachary 
 Walker and Joshua Brown as lieutenants in his company; and the following 
 persons are also named : Ebenezer Spalding as first lieutenant, Thomas Rogers 
 second lieutenant in Parker’s company ; John Williams- as first lieutenant, 
 Thomas Spalding second lieutenant in Lawrence’s company, and Ball, Mosher, 
 Cummings, and Baker as second lieutenants in Farwell’s, Nutting’s, Wyman’s, 
 and Gilbert’s companies respectively. — Eds. 
 
 t In copying this roster, Colonel Henshavv evidently made several mistakes. 
 The list in 4 Force, II., 825, gives Daniel Hardy, adjutant; Thomas Ivitteridge, 
 surgeon; Benjamin Foster, quartermaster; Benjamin Varnum, surgeon’s mate; 
 and William Hudson as the name of the captain. It also includes Samuel 
 Johnson, Nathaniel Herrick, John Robinson, Thomas Stickney, Timothy John- 
 son, John Merritt, Wells Chasse, Fox, and Ballard Foller as first lieu- 
 
 tenants ; Cyrus Marble, Issac Abbot, Eliphalet Bodwill, Benjamin Pearly, 
 
 Eliphalet Hardy, Nathaniel Eaton, Reuben Evans, and Reed as second 
 
 lieutenants. Colonel Henshaw, however, is right with regard to the name of 
 the captain, William Hudson Ballard. (See General Orders, Aug. 9th.) — Eds. 
 
6 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 Captains. Lieutenants. ° 2d Lieutenants. 
 
 John Davis. 
 
 William Pearly. 
 
 Nathan 1 Gage. 
 
 James Sawyer. 
 
 Jonathan Evans. 
 
 John Currier. 
 
 Benj“ Farnum. 
 
 William Hudson Ballard. 
 
 Jonas Richardson. 
 
 Benjamin Ames. David Chandler. 
 
 Thomas Kitteridge . . . Adjutant. 
 
 Daniel Hardy Quartermaster. 
 
 Benjamin Foster .... Surgeon. 
 
 Regiment.* 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Thomas Drury. 
 Phineas Cook. 
 Nathan Fuller. 
 Isaac Hall. 
 Josiah Harris. 
 Abner Craft. 
 Abijah Child. 
 Benjamin Lock. 
 Moses Draper. 
 Nailer Hatch. 
 
 Thomas Gardner, Esq., Colonel. 
 William Bond, Lieut.-Colonel. 
 Michael Jackson, Major. 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 
 William Maynard. 
 
 Josiah Warren. 
 
 Nathan Smith. 
 
 Caleb Brooks. 
 
 Barthol" Irace. 
 
 Joshua Swan. 
 
 Soloman Bowman. 
 
 Ebenezer Brattle. 
 
 Adjutant. 
 
 — Quartermaster. 
 
 Surgeon. 
 
 2d Lieutenants. 
 Joseph Mixer. 
 Aaron Richardson. 
 John George. 
 Samuel Cutler. 
 Thomas Miller. 
 John Child. 
 Jedidiah Thayer. 
 Stephen Frost. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Joseph Butler. 
 Abeih Brown. 
 William Smith. 
 Micajah Gleason. 
 Moses McFarland. 
 David Moore. 
 Thomas Drury. 
 
 Regiment ,f 
 
 John Nixon, Esq., Colonel. 
 Thomas Nixon, Lieut.-Colonel. 
 John Butterick, Major. 
 
 Lieutenants 
 Silas Walker. 
 Daniel Taylor. 
 John Heald. 
 
 Jonas Kimball. 
 David Bradley. 
 Micah Goodenow. 
 William Maynard. 
 
 2d Lieutenants. 
 
 Silas Mann. 
 John Hartwell. 
 W m Ryan. 
 
 Jacob Quimby. 
 Jonathan Hill. 
 Joseph Mixer. 
 
 * In the list in 4 Force, II., 827, we have Downy instead of Drury, Trow 
 instead of Irace, Josiah Swan instead of Joshua Swan, Muier instead of Mixer, 
 and Cutter instead of Cutler. — Eds. 
 
 t The only names in 4 Force, II., 829, are those of the last three captains 
 and their lieutenants. In his list Pattee is given as Patten, Riggs as Briggs, and 
 Mixer as Muier. — Eds. 
 
1ST 6. ] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 Captains. Lieutenants. 
 
 Samuel McCobb. Benjamin Pattee 
 
 Ebenez' Winship. William Warren 
 
 Abel Holden .... 
 John White .... 
 
 2d Lieutenants. 
 
 John Riggs. 
 
 Richard Buckminster. 
 Adjutant. 
 
 Quartermaster. 
 
 Surgeon. 
 
 Regiment* 
 
 Ebenezer Bridge, Esq., Colonel. 
 Moses Parker, Lieut. -Colonel. 
 John Brooks, Major. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Jonathan Stickney. 
 Benjamin Walker. 
 John Batchelor. 
 Ebenezer Bancroft. 
 Peter Coburn. 
 
 John Ford. 
 
 John Rowe. 
 Archelaus Towne. 
 John Harnden. 
 Charles Forbush. 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 
 Elijah Danforth. 
 John Flint. 
 Ebenezer Dammon. 
 Nathan 1 Holden. 
 .Tosiah Forster. 
 Isaac Parker. 
 
 Mark Pool. 
 
 James Ford. 
 
 W™ Blanchard. 
 
 Jere Blanchard. 
 
 Joseph Fox . . 
 
 John Bridge . 
 
 W alter Hastings 
 
 2d Lieutenants. 
 John Lewis. 
 
 Ebenez r Fitch. 
 James Bancroft. 
 Samuel Brown. 
 Ebenezer Vernon. 
 Jonas Parker. 
 Ebene r Cleveland. 
 David Wallingsford. 
 Eleazer Stickney. 
 James Silver. 
 Adjutant. 
 
 Quartermaster. 
 
 Surgeon. 
 
 Regiment, f 
 
 John Paterson, Esq., Colonel. 
 Seth Read, Lieut. -Colonel. 
 Jerimiah Cady, Major. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Samuel Kelson. 
 William Wyman. 
 Joseph Moss. 
 Samuel Sloan. 
 Charles Dibben. 
 William Goodrich. 
 David Noble. 
 Thomas Williams. 
 Nathan Haskins. 
 Theodore Bliss. 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 
 John Bacon. 
 Samuel Chapin. 
 William Bowdoin. 
 Zebadiah Sabins. 
 Simeon Smith. 
 David Pixley. 
 Joseph Walch. 
 Moses Ashley. 
 William Clark. 
 John Lampson. 
 
 2d Lieutenants. 
 Nahum Powers. 
 Peter W T hite. 
 
 Enos Parker. 
 
 Josiah Wight. 
 Orange Stoddard 
 Samuel Wilcocks. 
 Francis Cabot. 
 Adjutant. 
 Quartermaster. 
 Surgeon. 
 
 * The list in 4 Force, II., 826, does not contain the names of the officers of 
 the last four companies and of the quartermaster and surgeon. In Colonel Hen- 
 shaw’s list the names of the captains of the last three companies and of the 
 quartermaster and surgeon are not in his handwriting, and are in a different 
 colored ink. — Eds. 
 
 t The list in 4 Force, II., 825, contains only the first nine companies, and 
 has Shelton instead of Kelson, Dibbell instead of Dibben, Watkins instead of 
 Haskins, Boudin instead of Bowdoin, and Wilche instead of Walch. It also 
 designates Parker as second lieutenant in Wyman’s company, and White as 
 second lieutenant in Dibben or Dibbell’s company ; and it transposes Stoddard 
 and Ashley, whose Christian name is wanting in Force’s list. — Eds. I 
 
8 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 Regiment* 
 
 James Sc ammons, Colonel. 
 Johnson Moulton, Lieut. -Colonel. 
 David Wood, Major. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Samuel Derby. 
 Tobias Fernald. 
 Ebenezer Sulivan. 
 Samuel Sawyer. 
 Jerimiah Hill. 
 Joshua Bragdon. 
 Jessee Dormom. 
 Samuel Leighton. 
 Jonathan Newall. 
 Phillip Hubbard. 
 
 Georg 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 James Donnall. 
 Thomas Cutts. 
 Thomas Butler. 
 William Cozins. 
 Samuel Merrit. 
 Morgan Lewis. 
 Daniel Merrett. 
 William Farnall. 
 Thomas Newhall. 
 Jedidiah Goodwin. 
 Marsden .... 
 Nason 
 
 2d Lieutenants. 
 Joshua Trafton. 
 Parker Forster. 
 Nathaniel Lord. 
 Jerimiah Littlefield. 
 Peter Page. 
 
 Moses Sweet. 
 
 Joseph Pettingill. 
 William Frost. 
 Edward Low. 
 
 James Roberts. 
 Adjutant. 
 
 Quartermaster. 
 
 Surgeon. 
 
 Regiment, f 
 
 Ebenezer Larnard, Esq., Colonel. 
 Danforth Kyes, Lieut. -Colonel. 
 Jonathan Holman. Major. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Peter Hairwood. 
 Adam Martin. 
 John Grainger. 
 Joel Green. 
 
 Samuel Billings. 
 William Campbell. 
 Arther Faggot. 
 Nathaniel Healy. 
 Samuel Curtis. 
 Isaac Bolster. 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 
 Asa Danforth. 
 Abel Mason. 
 Matthew Grey. 
 David Bouty. 
 Barnes Sears. 
 Reuben Davis. 
 Jonathan Carroll. 
 Salem Town. 
 Samuel Larned. 
 John Hasleton. 
 Banister .... 
 
 2<1 Lieutenants. 
 Benja" Pollard. 
 Benjamin Felton. 
 
 Stephen Goreham. 
 Thomas Fisk. 
 John Haywood. 
 
 W“ Polly. 
 
 Adjutant. 
 
 Quartermaster. 
 
 Surgeon. 
 
 Regiment.% 
 
 John Fellows, Esq., Colonel. 
 Nathan Eager, Lieut. -Colonel. 
 Benjamin Tupper, Major. 
 
 * In the list in 4 Force, II., 824, there are numerous variations in the spelling. 
 Of these the most important are Madison instead of Marsden, Nowell instead of 
 Newall and Newhall, Merill instead of Merrit and Merrett, Lather instead of 
 Leighton, Cattes and Cupont instead of Cutts and Cozins, and Frafton instead 
 of Trafton. — Eds. 
 
 t The list in 4 Force, II., 823, has Doggett instead of Faggot, Prouty instead 
 of Bouty, Fish instead of Fisk, Howard instead of Haywood, and some other 
 slight variations in spelling. — Eds. 
 
 ^ 1 The list in 4 Force, II., 826, 827, omits Steward Blake as second lieutenant 
 ImTlazleton’s company, and adds Samuel Allen as second lieutenant in Web- 
 ber’s company. It also gives Warner instead of Warren, and Bostwick instead 
 of ierwick, and there are several slight variations in spelling. — - Eds. 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 9 
 
 Captains. 
 William King. 
 Jonathan Allen. 
 Israel Chapin. 
 William Bacon. 
 Moses Soule. 
 Robert Webster. 
 Ebenezer Pomroy. 
 Abel Thayer. 
 Eben. Webber. 
 Simeon Hazleton. 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 Samuel Brewer. 
 Oliver Lyman. 
 Perez Bard well. 
 John Hubbard. 
 Noah Allen. 
 Chris' Bannister. 
 Wallis. 
 
 Joseph Warren. 
 Samuel Bartlet. 
 George Blake. 
 Ebenezer Bennet . 
 
 Seth Hunt 
 
 2cl Lieutenants. 
 
 Gamaliel Whiting, 
 Jonathan Sterns. 
 William Watson. 
 Michael Loonies. 
 Solomon Dening. 
 Everton Berwick. 
 Dan 1 Kirtland. 
 
 Steward Blake. 
 Adjutant. 
 Quartermaster. 
 
 Surgeon. 
 
 Regiment* 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Joel Fletcher. 
 Adam Wheeler 
 Jon a Holman. 
 John Jones. 
 Robert Oliver. 
 Abel Wilder. 
 
 Ephraim Doolittle, Esq., Colonel. 
 Benjamin Holden, Lieut. -Colonel. 
 
 Willard Moore, Majo 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 
 John Wheeler. 
 Elisha Sterns. 
 John Bowker. 
 Samuel Thomson. 
 Thomas Glover. 
 Jonas Allen. 
 
 2d Lieutenants. 
 Jonas Prouter. 
 Adam Maynard. 
 David Poor. 
 
 Abraham Pennel. 
 Daniel Peek. 
 Adjutant. 
 Quartermaster. 
 Surgeon. 
 
 Regiment .f 
 
 Jonathan Brewer, Esq., Colonel. 
 William Buckminster, Lieut. -Colonel. 
 Nathan 1 Cudworth, Major. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Isaac Gray. 
 
 Edward Blake. 
 
 John Black. 
 
 Aaron Haynes. 
 Daniel Whiting. 
 Benjamin Bullard. 
 Thaddeus Russelles. 
 
 Lieutenants. 2d Lieutenants. 
 
 Thomas Willington. Wilson. 
 
 Abraham Tuckerman. John Eames. 
 Benjamin Gates. John Patrick. 
 
 Elisha Brewer. 
 
 Zebadiah Dewey. 
 
 Aaron Gardiner. 
 
 Nathan 1 Maynard. Nathan 1 Reeves. 
 
 Adjutant. 
 
 Quartermaster. 
 
 Surgeon. 
 
 * The list in 4 Force, II., 828, has Bowkin instead of Bowker, Proctor in- 
 stead of Prouter, Pike instead of Peek. — Eds. 
 
 t In the list in 4 Force, II., 829, the Christian name of Dewey is given as 
 Obadiah instead of Zebadiah, and Joseph Stebbins is named as an eighth cap- 
 tain, but as he had on the 17th of June, 1775, only twenty-one men in his 
 pany, lie was not commissioned. — Eds. 
 
 2 
 
10 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 Regiment.* 
 
 David Brewer, Esq., Colonel. 
 Rufus Putnam, Lieut. -Colonel. 
 Nathaniel Danielson, Major. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Homes Walbridge. 
 Peter Ingersol. 
 
 Levi Rounseval. 
 Halcomb Henry. 
 Isaac Cotton. 
 Jonathan Bard well. 
 Abiathar Angel. 
 John Packard. 
 Jonathan Danforth. 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 
 Jehiel M ungen. 
 Silas Goodrich. 
 Henry Peirce. 
 
 John Gray. 
 
 John Wright. 
 William Gilmore. 
 Isaac Warren. 
 David Brewer, Jun. 
 Joseph McNeal. 
 
 Thomas Weeks . 
 Ebenezer Washburn 
 
 2d Lieutenants. 
 James Blogget. 
 Thomas Barnham. 
 Samuel Tabor. 
 David Sacket. 
 Nathan 1 Alexander. 
 Moses How. 
 
 Simeon Larned. 
 Jonathan Allen. 
 Levi Bo win. 
 Adjutant. 
 Quartermaster. 
 
 Surgeon. 
 
 Regiment, t 
 
 Hon. W M Heath, Esq., Colonel. 
 John Graton, Lieut. -Colonel. 
 Jothain Loring 2d, Major. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Charles Cushing. 
 
 Edward Payson Williams. 
 Moses Whiting. 
 
 Joseph Guild. 
 
 John Boyd. 
 
 Elijah Vorse. 
 
 Silas Wild. 
 
 Jacob Gould. 
 
 William Bent. 
 
 Job Cushing. 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 
 Elias Whitten. 
 Samuel Forster. 
 Aaron Pain. 
 
 John Gay. 
 Ebenezer Dean. 
 Phinias Pain. 
 Nathaniel Niles. 
 Asa Dyer. 
 Theophilus Lyon. 
 Nathan 1 Nichols. 
 
 2d Lieutenants. 
 
 Benjamin Beal. 
 Jonathan Dorr. 
 James Findale. 
 Isaac Bullard. 
 Joshua Gould. 
 William Sumner. 
 William Herman, 
 
 Shaw. 
 
 Isajah Bussey. 
 Josiah Oakes. 
 
 Regiment.% 
 
 Benjamin Ruggles Woodbridge, Esq., Colonel. 
 Abijah Brown, Lieut. -Colonel. 
 
 William Stacy, Major. 
 
 * There are numerous variations in the spelling of the names as given in 
 4 Force, II., 829, 830. Of these the most important are Waldridge instead of 
 Walbridge, Colton instead of Cotton, Ithiel Mungar insteal of Jehiel Hunger, 
 Rice instead of Peirce, Lackett instead of Sacket, and Lewis Boen instead of 
 Levi Bowin. — Eds. 
 
 t Not in Force’s lists. — Eds. 
 
 J The principal variations in the list in 4 Force, II., 828, are Cowden instead 
 of Conder, Croaker instead of Crocker, Rowley instead of Rawley, Shay instead 
 of Shaes, and Thomas Goodenough instead of Ithanor Goodnough. Shay is 
 the person who afterward became famous as the leader in the insurrection called 
 by his name. July 3d Asa Barnes was recommended for a commission as a 
 captain, and Caleb Smith and Timothy Read as lieutenants in his company, and 
 William Smith and Oliver Waggetas lieutenants in Captain King’s company. 
 Colonel llenshaw’s lists were probably made out about the 1st of July. — Eds. 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 11 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Reuben Dickerson. 
 Noadiah Leonard. 
 Stephen Pearl. 
 David Conder. 
 John Cowles. 
 Ichabod Dexter. 
 John King. 
 
 Seth Murray. 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 Zacheus Crocker. 
 Josiah Smith. 
 
 Aaron Rawley. 
 
 Ithanor Goodnough. 
 
 2d Lieutenants. 
 Daniel Shaes. 
 Samuel Gould. 
 Abner Pease. 
 
 John Mayo. 
 
 A List of Officers Cammissionated by the Massachusetts Congress, dated 
 
 May 19, 1775. 
 
 In Provincial Congress, June 30, 1775. 
 
 The committee appointed to make out commissions for the officers 
 of the Colony Army do hereby certifie that the following is a true 
 list of the officers they have made out commissions for, and delivered. 
 
 Timothy Langdon. 
 Joseph Wheeler. 
 
 A true copy. Attest : 
 
 Samuel Freeman, Secretary. 
 
 William Henshaw, Esq., Adjutant-General, commissioned June 27. 
 The regiments as they stand in the manuscript pamphlet , sent the 
 General by the Congress : — 
 
 The Hon. Artemas Ward, Esq. 
 Timothy Danielson. 
 
 Thomas Gardener. 
 
 Timothy Walker. 
 
 William Prescot. 
 
 John Nixon. 
 
 John Fellows. 
 
 Theophilus Cotton. 
 
 James Fry. 
 
 Ephraim Doolittle. 
 
 Asa Wheteomb. 
 
 Ebenezer Bridge. 
 
 Jonathan Brewer. 
 
 Joseph Reed. 
 
 John Paterson. 
 
 David Brewer. 
 
 John Mansfeild. 
 
 James Scammons. 
 
 Hon. W m Heath. 
 
 Ebenezer Larnard. 
 
 Benj“ Ruggles Woodbridge. 
 John Glover. 
 
 Moses Little. 
 
 Samuel Gerrish. 
 
 Regiment.* 
 
 John Glover, Esq., Colonel. 
 John Gerry', Lieut. -Colonel. 
 Gabriel Johnnet, Major. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 William Curtis. 
 W" Bacon. 
 Thomas Grant. 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 Robert Harris. 
 William Mills. 
 William Bubier. 
 
 2d Lieutenants. 
 
 Thomas Curtis. 
 Seward Lee. 
 Ebenezar Graves. 
 
 * The list in 4 Force. II., 828, 829, June 15, 1775, has the names of William 
 Lee as a captain with John Glover and Edward Archbald as lieutenants in his 
 company, and gives Broughton instead of Brornton, Bleeker instead of Blackler, 
 Merritt instead of Merrils, Selmon instead of Salomon, Collyer instead of Calyer, 
 T. Courts instead of Curtis, and Lignerass instead of Signcross. — Eds. 
 
12 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Joel Smith. 
 Nicholas Brornton. 
 W m Blackler. 
 
 John Merrils. 
 
 John Salomon. 
 Francis Symonds. 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 John Bray. 
 
 John Stacy. 
 Nathan 1 Clark. 
 Joshua Prentice. 
 Israel Calyer. 
 W m Russell. 
 
 2d Lieutenants. 
 Joshua Orn. 
 
 John Devereux. 
 Nathan 1 Pearse. 
 Robert Nimblet. 
 Edward Holeman 
 George Sign cross, 
 
 Regiment.* 
 
 Moses Little, Esq., Colonel. 
 Isaac Smith, Lieut.-Colonel. 
 James Collins, Major. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Jacob Gerrish. 
 Nathaniel Warner. 
 Nathaniel Wade. 
 
 Ab“ Dodge. 
 
 John Baker. 
 
 Ezra Lunt. 
 
 Benjamin Perkins. 
 Gedion Parker. 
 Joseph Robey. 
 Timothy Barnard. 
 
 Stephen 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 
 Silas Adams. 
 
 John Barnham. 
 Joseph Hodgkins. 
 Eben er Low. 
 
 Caleb Lampson. 
 Moses Kent. 
 Joseph Whitimore. 
 Joseph Evely. 
 Shubael Gorham. 
 Paid Lunt. 
 
 Jenkins .... 
 
 2d Lieutenants. 
 Thomas Brown. 
 Daniel Collins. 
 
 Aaron Parker. 
 
 James Lord. 
 
 Daniel Dorser. 
 Nathan 1 Montgomery. 
 W" Strickney. 
 
 Moses Trask. 
 
 Enoch Parsons. 
 
 Amos Atkinson. 
 Adjutant. 
 
 Quartermaster. 
 
 Surgeon. 
 
 Regiment, f 
 
 Samuel Geriush, Esq., Colonel. 
 
 James Weston, Major. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Richard Dodge. 
 W m Rogers. 
 Thomas Cogswell. 
 John Wood. 
 Timothy Cory. 
 Barnabas Dodge. 
 Thomas Mighill. 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 Robert Dodge. 
 Samuel Carr. 
 Moses Dunton. 
 
 Thomas Cumings. 
 Mathew Fairfeild. 
 Thomas Pike. 
 
 Christopher Febiger 
 Michael Farley . 
 
 2d Lieutenants. 
 Paul Dodge. 
 John Noyes. 
 Amos Cogswell. 
 
 Jonas Johnson. 
 Joseph Knight. 
 Mark Creasy. 
 Adjutant. 
 Quartermaster. 
 Surgeon. 
 
 * The list in 4 Force, IT., 830, has Burman instead of Barnham, Wedkins 
 instead of Hodgkins, Thompson instead of Lampson, Everly instead of Evely, 
 and Brinard instead of Barnard. — Ens. 
 
 t The list in 4 Force, II., 830, June 22, 1775, gives Loammi Baldwin as lieu- 
 tenant-colonel, Wessen as major, and David Jones as surgeon. It does not con- 
 tain the names of Rogers and his two lieutenants, nor John Wood, and it in- 
 cludes Samuel Sprague as a captain with Joseph Cheever and William Oliver 
 as his lieutenants, and John Baker, Jr., as a captain and Joseph Pettingill first 
 lieutenant. — Eds. 
 
1876 .] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 13 
 
 Brigade-Majors. 
 
 Brewer. 
 
 Trumbull. 
 
 Henley. 
 
 Cary. 
 
 Box. 
 
 Scammell. 
 
 Rifle Officers. 
 
 Colonel W M Thompson. 
 
 Lieut. -Colonel Edw” Hand. 
 
 Major Rob t Magaw. 
 
 Adjutant Houseacre. 
 
 Quartermaster Tho‘ Craige. 
 
 Surgeon W M Magan. 
 
 Mate Mathew Irwine. 
 
 Camp at Cambridge, April 20, 1775. 
 
 Sent a request to the Committees of Safety and Supplies for provi- 
 sion at Concord to be brought to Cambridge. 
 
 General Orders. — That Colonel Gardner repair immediately to 
 Roxbury, and bring all the bread that can be obtained. 
 
 Ordered, That Colonel Bond bring all the cannon at Watertown, 
 Newtown, and Waltham, together with part of the ammunition, into 
 
 camp at Cambridge. 
 
 In Council of War* 
 
 
 Generals. 
 
 Colonels. 
 
 Lieut. -Colonels. 
 
 Ward. 
 
 Frye. 
 
 Nixon. 
 
 Heath. 
 
 James Prescot. 
 
 Whitney. 
 
 Whitcombe. 
 
 W m Prescot. 
 
 Bullard. 
 
 Spaulding. 
 
 Bridge. 
 
 Barrett. 
 
 Mansfield. 
 
 Wheelock. 
 
 Mann. 
 
 Ordered , That each colonel appoint for his regiment an adjutant, 
 quartermaster, and sergeant-major. 
 
 Ordered, That Mr. Hastings be appointed steward to the army for 
 the day. 
 
 General Orders. — All officers appointed before there is a regu- 
 lar establishment are appointed pro tempore. 
 
 General Orders. — That guards be posted as follows ; viz. : — 
 
 Two companies in Charlestown Road, with advanced parties on the 
 heights; one guard at Phips’ Farm, one near the brickkiln, one at 
 the bridge, and one towards Menotomy.f They are to keep a vigilant 
 
 Brigades. 
 
 Thomas’s. 
 
 Spencer’s. 
 
 Heath’s. 
 
 Frye’s. 
 
 Green’s. 
 
 Sullivan’s. 
 
 * From an Orderly Book kept by John Fenno, secretary to the Commander- 
 in-Chief, beginning April 20, 1775, and ending Sept. 6, 1775, now in the Library 
 of the Historical Society, it appears that Joseph Ward, Secretary, and Samuel 
 Osgood, A. D. C., were also present at this, the first, Council of War in the 
 Revolution. — Eds. 
 
 t According to Fenno’s Orderly Book, Colonel William Prescott was the 
 officer in command. — Eds. 
 
14 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 lookout, and, if the enemy make any movements, or if discovery should 
 be made, to give immediate notice to the General. 
 
 That the guards parade near the meeting-house, and all adjutants do 
 mount their men there ; the town-house to be the guard-house at 
 present. 
 
 That a guard be mounted, to consist of a subaltern, a sergeant, and 
 corporal, with thirty men, for the general officers, and immediately 
 attend at Captain Stedman’s. 
 
 Mr. Bernsley Stevens appointed adjutant-general by the General. 
 
 That no guns be discharged in the streets in Cambridge without 
 leave. 
 
 That a captain and fifty men do immediately march to bu'ry the 
 dead on the field of battle ; one lieutenant, two sergeants, two corporals, 
 to attend the party. This detachment is also ordered to take care of all 
 the wounded that may be found on the road. 
 
 That every officer and soldier keep close to his quarters, and be 
 ready to turn out complete in arms at a moment’s warning and parade 
 at the meeting-house. 
 
 That twenty men turn out of each regiment for the picket guard. 
 That Colonel Spaulding command the guard, — two captains, four 
 subalterns, four sergeants, and four corporals. 
 
 April 21 st. 
 
 General Orders. — [That] Colonel Ward command the guard, 
 — one captain, two subalterns, two sergeants, two corporals, forty rank 
 and file, from each regiment. 
 
 The guards to be posted as follows : — 
 
 Two companies in Charlestown Road, with advanced guards on the 
 heights: one guard towards - Phips’ Farm; one at Winter Hill, con- 
 sisting of one subaltern, two sergeants, and twenty rank and file ; 
 one at the bridge ; one towards Menotomy. 
 
 To keep a vigilant lookout ; if the enemy make any movements, or 
 any discovery is made, to give immediate notice to the General. 
 
 That each commander of a regiment or detachment now in camp, or 
 that may hereafter arrive, take an exact list of the officers and soldiers 
 by name, and make daily returns to the Adjutant-General of the number 
 of officers and soldiers under his command, in the form following : — 
 
 A Return of Colonel Regiment , April — , 1775. 
 
 That the Commissary-General do supply the troops with provisions 
 in the best manner he can, without spending time for exactness. That 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 15 
 
 the two hogsheads of powder in the possession of Mr. Pigion be 
 lodged with John Goddard, at Brookline, for the use of the American 
 troops. 
 
 That the officers of the guards who have the care of the prisoners do 
 take the best care of them, and treat them in the kindest manner, and 
 procure good surgeons to attend the wounded. 
 
 That Colonel Gerrish be the officer of the day. 
 
 That Colouel Prescot, Colonel Warner, and Colonel Learned, to 
 march their regiments immediately to Roxbury, to join General 
 Thomas, Friday afternoon. 
 
 That the picket guard consist of five hundred men, commanded by 
 Colonel Doolittle, Lieut.-Colonel Nixen, Major Butterick, one cap- 
 tain from Colonel Gerrish’s regiment, one captain from General 
 Whitcomb, one captain from Colonel Frye, one captain from Colo- 
 nel Peirce, one captain from Colonel Prescot, one captain from Colo- 
 nel Bridge, one captain from General Ward, one captain from 
 Colonel Asa Whitcomb, two captains from Hampshire, two subal- 
 terns from each regiment. 
 
 That the officer of the main guard direct all his officers to give im- 
 mediate notice to him if any important discovery be made, and he give 
 notice to the officer of the picket guard. 
 
 That the officer of the picket guard do immediately turn out upon 
 any alarm, and march to the place of the alarm. 
 
 This day, General Putnam, of Connecticut, attended the Council of 
 War. 
 
 The parole, “ Putnam.” 
 
 April 22 d. 
 
 The General Orders. — That Colonel Stark march to Chelsea, 
 and take three hundred men with him, to defend the inhabitants of said 
 town. 
 
 Captain Samuel Osgood appointed brigade-major. 
 
 The same as yesterday, Lieut.-Colonel Parker command the 
 guards. 
 
 The picket guard the same as yesterday. 
 
 Colonel Joseph Henshaw, Lieut.-Colonel Denny, and Major Moore, 
 commanding officers. 
 
 That Captain Brown, of 'Watertown, do appoint a proper guard- 
 house for stragglers and persons to guard them who have had the 
 small-pox, that the distemper may thereby be prevented from spread- 
 ing among the inhabitants. 
 
 General Orders, to be read at the head of each regiment and 
 department by the commanding officer. — Whereas many persons 
 in Cambridge have left their houses and property : Ordered , that if 
 any soldier is found to injure the interest of any person whatever, he 
 be punished according to the rules of the army. That if any soldier 
 discharge his gun, except against any enemy, the officer of the guard 
 confine him. 
 
 That a sergeant and six men mount daily to guard the wounded at 
 
16 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 Mr. Abraham Watson’s house, and that they be taken from the main 
 guard. 
 
 That General Heath have a guard appointed to attend him at his 
 lodgings. 
 
 That a guard be appointed out of Captain Cook’s company to pre- 
 vent any injury that may happen to Judge Danford’s house by persons 
 entering the same. Guard to consist of a sergeant and seven privates. 
 
 That Colonel Green do march his regiment to Roxbury, and joiu 
 General Thomas. 
 
 The parole, “ Sergeant.” 
 
 April 23d. 
 
 General Orders. — That two companies mount guard at Mr. 
 Richardson’s. 
 
 That Captain Hill repair to Woburn, and apply to the selectmen for 
 a suitable house for the reception of prisoners, and a guard of fifty men, 
 and to know if the selectmen can provide- provisions for the guard and 
 prisoners. 
 
 Memorandum. — Reported, that Josiah Breed is a prisoner at Boston, 
 and desired, that, if there should be an exchange of prisoners, he may 
 be remembered. 
 
 April 24 th. 
 
 General Orders. — That the commanding officer of each regi- 
 ment grant passes to such persons as bring provisions and clothing for 
 the camp. 
 
 That General Thomas do send an officer, with a sufficient guard, to 
 convoy a mortar and ordinance stores to Mr. John Goddard, in Brook- 
 line, where the powder is now deposited. 
 
 April 2 oth.* 
 
 General Orders. — That each adjutant, sergeant-major, and 
 orderly sergeant, be immediately provided with orderly-books, in order 
 regularly to enter the orders of the army. 
 
 That the Adjutant-General obtain, as soon as possible, a complete 
 return of the army, in order to form an equal duty-roll. 
 
 That the quartermaster of each regiment be directed to see that 
 proper kettles be provided by loan from the inhabitants for the use of 
 the Provincial troops, until the Province stores can be delivered out ; 
 and that the commanding officers of each company see that they are 
 returned in proper season. 
 
 Officer for the day, Colonel William Henshaw. 
 
 Field-officers for the picket, Colonel Porter, Major Sawyer. The 
 picket to consist of seven [captains],f fourteen subalterns, twenty-eight 
 sergeants, three hundred and fifty rank and file. 
 
 * From Fen no’s Orderly Book it appears that these orders were issued on 
 the 24th, as well as the orders immediately preceding. They are probably 
 what are elsewhere designated as “after orders.” — Eds. 
 t Supplied from Fenno’s Orderly Book. — Eds. 
 
1876 .] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 17 
 
 Field-officers for the main guard, Colonel Bridge, Major Carter. 
 Main guard to consist of six captains, twelve subalterns, twenty- 
 four sergeants, three hundred rank and file. The aforesaid guard be 
 paraded this morning at nine o’clock, and relieve the present guards. 
 
 April 2oth. 
 
 Parole, “ Chatham.” 
 
 General Orders. — That vaults be dag in some convenient place 
 for each regiment. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Nathan Fuller. 
 
 Parole, “ Chatham.” 
 
 That Colonel Fry be officer of the day. 
 
 Field-officers for the picket, Colonel Prescot and Major Raymond. 
 The picket to consist of seven captains, fourteen subalterns, twenty- 
 eight sergeants, and three hundred and twenty rank and file. 
 
 Field-officers for the main guard, Colonel Green and Major Miller. 
 Main guard to consist of six captains, twelve subalterns, twenty-four 
 sergeants, three hundred and thirty* rank and file ; and that the afore- 
 said guards be provided this morning at nine o’clock, and relieve the 
 present guards. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Guager. 
 
 After Orders. — That one captain, two subalterns, and forty 
 privates, be detached, and repair to the farthest guard in Charlestown 
 Road, and then and there await the orders and directions of Mr Rich- 
 ard Devons, one of the Committee of Safety, . . . the guards to be 
 posted as follows : — 
 
 Two companies in Charlestown Road, with advanced guards on the 
 heights of land. 
 
 One guard towards Phips’ Farm. 
 
 One at the bridge, one towards Menotomy, one at Winter Hill, con- 
 sisting of one subaltern, two sergeants, and twenty rank and file. 
 
 That the sergeant and file of men who have the care of the prisoner 
 named Divol convey him to Cambridge jail, and that the jail-keeper 
 commit him to safe custody, and provide for his subsistence, and then 
 that the said sergeant and file of men return to their duty. 
 
 That a court of inquiry be ordered by General Thomas to examine 
 the prisoner named Brindley, and all others that may be afterwards 
 taken, and discharge or confine them in such places as he shall judge 
 suitable. 
 
 That the sergeant and file of men who have the care of Brindley 
 safely guard him back to head-quarters in Roxbury. 
 
 That Captain Fox, with a party of twenty men, take prisoners Lieu- 
 tenant Hamilton and his servant, and commit them to the place [the 
 selectmen] have provided for them, and see that they have such things 
 as are suitable for their comfortable subsistence.* 
 
 That the commanding officers of the main guard dismiss James 
 
 * The words between the brackets are supplied from Fenno’s Orderly Book. 
 — Eds. 
 
 3 
 
18 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 Holden, under their care, and send him, with a sergeant and file of 
 men, without the guards.* 
 
 That each guard keep a vigilant lookout, and, if any movements 
 made by the enemy, or if any discovery is made, to give immediate 
 intelligence to the next guard, and so from guard to guard, till it 
 reaches the picket guard, who are to give immediate notice to the Gen- 
 eral, and parade the men. 
 
 That this order be handed to the succeeding guard, and so on, till 
 further orders. 
 
 That the officer of the main guard and officer of the picket be imme- 
 diately furnished with these orders. 
 
 April 26 th. 
 
 Parole, “ Hancock.” 
 
 Officer of the day, Colonel Doolittle. 
 
 Field-officers of the picket, Lieut. -Colonel Holden, Major Bigelow. 
 
 Field-officers of main guard, Lieut.-Colonel Brickett, Major Dens- 
 more. 
 
 That two companies be detached from the picket, and posted as 
 follows; viz., one at Mrs. Inman’s, and one in Charlestown Road. 
 
 That the reveille be beat every morning at four o’clock. 
 
 That, at the beating of the troop, the officers and privates be imme- 
 diately assembled to parade. 
 
 That the tattoo be beat every evening at nine o’clock. 
 
 That, after the beating the tattoo, there be a profound silence 
 through the camp. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Southgate. 
 
 That the officers of the main guard order that a sentry be appointed 
 out of the guard that is posted at the house of Captain Stedman, to be 
 placed at the office of Mr. Pigion, commissary-general. 
 
 That the several regiments now at Watertown and Waltham march 
 forward to Cambridge and Roxbury, their route to be directed by 
 Colonel Porter. 
 
 That the commanding officer of the main guard post a sentry be- 
 tween the apparatus and library. 
 
 April 21th. 
 
 Parole, “ Barre.” 
 
 Officer of the day, Colonel Gerrish. 
 
 Field-officers of the picket, Colonel Ward, Major Butterick. 
 
 Field-officers of main guard, Colonel Robertson, Major Reed. 
 
 Adjutant of the day from Colonel Porter’s regiment, Warner. 
 
 Otherwise as usual. 
 
 General Orders. — That as many men as are not enlisted, and 
 incline to remain in the army, enlist immediately, in order that it may 
 be ascertained what number it may still be necessary to be raised in 
 each town to complete the complement of troops for this Province, and 
 
 * Fenno’s Orderly Book has “ without the camp.” — Eds. 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 19 
 
 to forwai’d to each town their remaining quota ; and the men that now 
 enlist may be assured that they shall have liberty to be under the com- 
 mand of such officers as may be appointed by the Committee of Safety, 
 until the particular regiments and companies are completed ; and the 
 utmost care will he taken to make every soldier happy in being under 
 good officers. 
 
 That the field-officers take care that one-fifth part of the training 
 soldiers of each town from whence these companies came be immedi- 
 ately enlisted out of the troops assembled in camp ; and, if a sufficient 
 number cannot be enlisted agreeable to an equal quota, that, in such 
 case, the deficiency of such quota be immediately forwarded by a re- 
 cruiting officer to each town, and, in the mean time, a sufficient num- 
 ber of troops present be retained until the quota of the troops for this 
 Province be raised. 
 
 Parole, “ Wilks.” 
 
 Officer of the day, Colonel W m Prescot for to-morrow. 
 
 Field-officers of the main guard, Colonel Wilder, Major Brooks. 
 
 Field-officers of picket guard, Colonel Witney, Major Baldwin. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Herd. 
 
 Otherwise as usual. 
 
 That the head colonel and commanders of detachments in this en- 
 campment appear at head-quarters at three o’clock afternoon, to sit in 
 council. 
 
 That no field-officer presume to give a pass to any person that come 
 down for the defence of their liberties, without first having obtained 
 leave from the General. 
 
 April 28 th. 
 
 Parole, “New York.” 
 
 Officer of the day, Colonel Bridge, for to-morrow. 
 
 Officers of main guard, Colonel Woodbridge, Major Sawyer. 
 
 Field-officers of picket guard, Colonel Parker, Major Moore. 
 
 Adjutant of the day out of Colonel Bridge’s regiment, Fox. 
 
 Guards as usual. 
 
 April 29 th. 
 
 Parole, “ Hampshire.” 
 
 Officer of the day, Colonel William Henshaw. 
 
 Field-officers of main guard, Colonel Peirce, Major Rand. 
 
 Field-officers of the picket guard, Colonel Joseph Henshaw, Major 
 Wood. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Dickinson. 
 
 Otherwise as usual. 
 
 General Orders. — That Captain Eleazer Hamden* take into his 
 custody the five prisoners from Scituate, and see that the above report 
 of the Court of Inquiry to examine said prisoners be punctually com- 
 plied with in every respect. 
 
 * Fenno’s Orderly Book has “ Hamlin,” which is the correct spelling. — E ds. 
 
20 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 That no person whatever presume to fire a gun without orders. 
 
 That all officers are to observe how duty is done, and reprimand 
 those that are negligent, or report them to the proper officers, although 
 they may not belong to the same corps. 
 
 That all officers see that the foregoing orders be punctually com- 
 plied with. 
 
 April 30 th. 
 
 Parole, “ Connecticut.” 
 
 Officer of the day, Colonel Porter. 
 
 Officers of the main guard, Colonel Laggatt, Major Tracy. 
 
 Officers of the picket guard, Lieut. -Colonel Clark, Major Carter. 
 
 Otherwise as usual. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, . 
 
 General Orders. — One captain, two subalterns, four sergeants, 
 four corporals, and fifty rank and file, be paraded to-morrow morning, 
 and be ready to march so as to be at Charlestown Neck by nine o’clock 
 in the morning, to assist in launching several boats, and then to return 
 to camp ; said detachment to receive the directions of Mr. Richard 
 Devons. 
 
 That no person presume to charge his piece upon surprise, or on the 
 quarter guards, with cartridges, but only powder and a running ball,* so 
 that it may [be] drawn if occasion requires. 
 
 If any guards or regiments hear firing of arms near them, they are 
 to send out immediately to know the persons and the cause of it ; and, 
 if soldiers without leave, they are to be made prisoners, and a report 
 sent to the commanding officer. 
 
 That the commanding officers of the several regiments and detach- 
 ments do require of their captains or commanders of companies an 
 exact return of the number of men in each company now in camp, and 
 how many of the abovesaid men in each company are enlisted for the 
 campaign, and how many of the enlisted are gone home. 
 
 May IsL 
 
 Parole, “ Camden.” 
 
 Officer of the day, Colonel Patterson. 
 
 Officers of the main guard, Colonel Williams, Major Wells. 
 
 Officers of the picket guard, Colonel Eagar, Major Cordes. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Guager. 
 
 Otherwise as usual. 
 
 -May 2 d. 
 
 Parole, “ Andover.” 
 
 Officer of the day, Colonel Ward. 
 
 Field-officers of main guard, Colonel Powell, Major Maxwell. 
 
 Field-officers of picket guard, Colonel Holden, Major Tupper. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, ■ — ■ — - — Woodbridge. 
 
 Otherwise as usual. 
 
 * In Eenno’s Orderly Book it is called a “ rolling ball.” — Eds. 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 21 
 
 General Orders. — That the quartermaster of each regiment see 
 that vaults be immediately dug in some by-place for the use of the 
 regiments ; that the parade and camp be cleaned away every day, and 
 all the tilth buried. 
 
 That the colleges in particular, and the parade around them, be kept 
 clean ; and that four privates from each regiment do attend the order 
 and direction of the quartermaster for the abovesaid purpose. 
 
 That Major Me Clary, with the regiment under his command, repair 
 to Medford, and join the forces there, and keep a vigilant guard as far 
 down the river as Winter Hill, till further orders. 
 
 That the order of the 30th April be punctually complied with every 
 day ; viz., that the commanding officer, &c. 
 
 That the Adjutant-General furnish the officers of the picket guard 
 with a list of the names of the picket every day at the time of mount- 
 ing the picket. 
 
 That the commanding officer of the main guard set a sentry over the 
 pump before the guard-house, and take particular care that no person 
 put any thing into said pump. 
 
 May 3d. 
 
 General Orders. — That four captains, eight subalterns, sixteen 
 sergeants, two hundred privates, be drafted, to go upon fatigue. Colonel 
 Doolittle command the detachment ; and that he apply to the Commis- 
 sary-General for necessary tools, and return the tools at night to the 
 Commissary-General. 
 
 The officers will be under Mr. Chadwick, the engineer. 
 
 That every regiment and detachment parade at ten o’clock in the 
 morning and at four o’clock in the afternoon. 
 
 Parole, “ Langdon.” 
 
 Officer of the day, Colonel Joseph Henshaw. 
 
 Field officers of the main guard, Colonel W™ Henshaw, Major 
 Bigelow. 
 
 Field officer of picket guard, Colonel Parker, Major Moor. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, . 
 
 Otherwise [as] usual. 
 
 That Samuel Chandler, captain of the teamsters, be freed from all 
 other duty with the people of the teams whilst they are employed with 
 their teams, by order of the Quartermaster-General. 
 
 , That eight captains, sixteen subalterns, thirty-two sergeants, four 
 hundred privates, be drafted, to go upon fatigue. Colonel Fry to com- 
 mand the detachment ; and that he apply to the Commissary-General for 
 necessary tools, and return them at night to the Commissary-General. 
 
 The officer to receive directions of Mr. Chadwick, the engineer. 
 
 That Lieutenants Farnum, Johnson, and Walker, adjutants Febiger, 
 Warner, and Fox, escort the corpse of Lieutenant Hull to Charlestown.* 
 
 That no field-officer presume to give a pass to any person to go out 
 of camp that came down in defence of his liberties before that person 
 shall have presented to the field-officer a person not belonging to camp, 
 
 * Fenno’s Orderly Book has, “ the corpse of Lieut. Hull of 43d regiment of 
 the Regulars.” — Eds. 
 
22 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 and out of the same town to which the person that makes application 
 belongs, who is to tarry in camp till the person who has leave returns. 
 
 May 4 th. 
 
 Parole, “ Chatham.” 
 
 Officer of the clay, Colonel Doolittle. 
 
 Field-officers of main guard, Colonel Witney, Major Rand. 
 
 Field-officers of the picket guard, Lieut. -Colonel Holden, Major 
 Brooks. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, . 
 
 Otherwise as usual. 
 
 General Orders.- — -That no rum be delivered to any but such as 
 bring orders from the General. Three days’ provision be delivered out 
 at a time, and two days at a time, according to the rules of the army. 
 
 For fatigue, Colonel Porter. 
 
 May 5lh. 
 
 Parole, “York.” 
 
 Officer of the day, Colonel Peirce. 
 
 Field-officers of main guard, Lieut.-Colonel Nixon, Major But- 
 ter ick. 
 
 Field-officers of the picket guard, Lieut.-Colonel Clark, Major 
 Fraiser. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, . 
 
 Otherwise as usual. 
 
 General Orders. — That Colonel Wyman take particular care of 
 his men, that no outrage be committed on the person or property of any 
 one individual whatever, and use his utmost endeavors to reduce his 
 men to good order, as there have been repeated complaints from the 
 houses of Mr. Temple of very disorderly conduct. 
 
 May 6 th. 
 
 Parole, “ Portsmouth.” 
 
 Officer of the day, Colonel James Prescott. 
 
 Main guard field-officers, Lieut.-Colonel Brickett, Major Reed. 
 
 Field-officers of the picket, Lieut.-Colonel Robinson, Major Shep- 
 pard. 
 
 For fatigue, Colonel Whiting. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, . 
 
 Otherwise as usual. 
 
 General Orders. — That no person who may have received en- 
 listing orders, and, in consequence thereof, has enlisted men, presume 
 to dismiss any person who is enlisted, upon any consideration whatever, 
 nor presume to re-enlist any person that is already enlisted, without 
 special orders from the General. 
 
 That the commanding officer of the guard at Charlestown permit no 
 person to go into Charlestown with auy provision whatever, with or 
 without a pass. This order to be given to the next officer who relieves 
 the guard, and so continue, till further orders. 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 23 
 
 May 7 th. 
 
 [Parole, “ Liberty.”] * 
 
 That all officers of the guard pay obedience to orders signed by the 
 President of the Congress to the members of the same, which are to be 
 in the following form ; viz.. To the guards of the Colony Army : — - 
 
 Pursuant to a resolve of the Provincial Congress, you are hereby 
 
 ordered to permit . a member of this Congress, with his 
 
 company, to pass and repass with his company at all times. 
 
 May 8th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Worcester.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Gerrish. 
 
 Field-officer of the main guard, Lieut.-Colonel Parker, Major 
 Bigilow. 
 
 Field-officers of the picket guard, Lieut.-Colonel Joseph Henshaw, 
 Major Brooks. 
 
 Officer for fatigue, Lieut.-Colonel Holden. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, . 
 
 Otherwise as usual. 
 
 General Orders. — That no person presume to sell any spirituous 
 liquor in the camp, but such as have been heretofore licensed for that 
 purpose. That all persons immediately break off this iniquitous prac- 
 tice, which has a tendency to destroy the peace and good order of the 
 camp ; but, if there be any such persons who will not pay due obedi- 
 ence to this order, their spirituous liquors are to be stoven or seized 
 and given in to the Commissary-General for the use of the army, said 
 Commissary-General to be accountable to the Province therefor. 
 
 That Captain Stedman, Mr. Bradish, and others that are licensed to 
 sell spirituous liquors, for the future retail no more to any belonging 
 to the army or camp in Cambridge, except they have a written order 
 from their respective captains, or, in their absence, the next command- 
 ing officer therefor, uutil further orders. 
 
 That, in future, provisions be delivered in 
 
 the following manner: — 
 
 Colonel W m - Prescott’s Regiment . 
 
 at 5 
 
 o’clock. 
 
 General Ward’s Regiment . . . 
 
 f after 5 
 
 V 
 
 Colonel Doolittle’s 
 
 -!, after 6 
 
 99 
 
 j? Frye’s 
 
 | after 7 
 
 
 „ Gerrish’s 
 
 at 8 
 
 
 General Whetcomb’s 
 
 f after 8 
 
 
 Colonel Peirce’s 
 
 £ after 9 
 
 V 
 
 „ Green’s 
 
 | after 10 
 
 
 General Pomroy’s 
 
 at 11 
 
 
 Colonel Paterson’s 
 
 |- after 11 
 
 
 „ Woodbridge’s .... 
 
 at 3 
 
 
 „ Gardiner’s 
 
 § after 3 
 
 99 
 
 „ Bridge’s 
 
 4 after 4 
 
 99 
 
 * Supplied from Fenno’s Orderly Book. — Eds. 
 
24 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 May 9 th. 
 
 Parole, “ Shreaysbtxry ” ; countersign, “ Liberty.” * 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Whiting. 
 
 Field-officers for picket to-night, Colonel Woodbridge, Major But- 
 terick 
 
 Field-officers for main guard to-morrow, Colonel Porter, Major 
 Miller. 
 
 Field-officer for fatigue, Colonel Doolittle, to-morrow. 
 
 Adjutant for the day, . 
 
 Otherwise as usual. 
 
 General Orders. — That the Quartermaster-General take from the 
 Commissary-General sixty tents for the use of Colonel Pomroy’s regi- 
 ment, the commanding officer of said regiment to give his receipts to 
 the Commissary-General for said tents. That the said Quartermaster- 
 General furnish them with straw sufficient for encamping. 
 
 That the Quartermaster-General take from the Commissary-General 
 twenty-five tents for the use of Colonel Whetcomb’s regiment, the 
 commanding officer of said regiment to give his receipt to the Com- 
 missary-General for said tents. That said Quartermaster-General fur- 
 nish them with straw sufficient for encamping. 
 
 That William Cutter be empowered to impress such and so many 
 persons as he may judge necessary to assist him in collecting the 
 effects that were taken from the regular troops that wei'e in the late 
 skirmish, and bring them to head-quarters. Such effects to consist 
 only [of such] f as were in the wagons, and with the party that 
 escorted the wagons, together with all the horses and wagons. 
 
 That, after the 11th instant, the Commissary-General supply no 
 regiment with their allowance of provisions till the Adjutant, or some 
 other suitable person belonging thereto, has presented him with the 
 number and names of the persons belonging thereto, signed by the 
 commanding officer of each company belonging thereto. Such orderly 
 sergeant to take a list of his own company. 
 
 May 10 th. 
 
 Parole, “ Leicester ” ; countersign, “ Order.” 
 
 Officer of the day, Lieut.-Colonel Brickett. 
 
 Field-officers for the picket guard to-night, Lieut.-Colonel Clark, 
 Major Stacy. 
 
 Field-officers for main guard to-morrow, Colonel Paterson, Major 
 Woods. 
 
 Field-officer for the fatigue, Lieut.-Colonel Powell. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, . 
 
 Otherwise as usual. 
 
 * In Fenno’s Orderly Book the countersign is “Freedom.” — Eds. 
 t Supplied from Fenno’s Orderly Book. — Eds. 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 25 
 
 May 11 th. 
 
 Parole, “ Lancaster ” ; countersign, “ Peace.” 
 
 Officer of the day, Colonel W m Prescott. 
 
 Field-officers for the picket guard to-night, Colonel Green, Major 
 Baldwin. 
 
 Field-officers of main guard to-morrow morning, Lieut.-Colonel 
 Henshaw, Major Bigilow. 
 
 Field-officer for fatigue, Lieut.-Colonel Parker. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Woodbridge. 
 
 Otherwise as usual. 
 
 May 1 2th. 
 
 Parole, “ Bolton ” ; countersign, “ Harvard.” 
 
 Field-officer of the day, Colonel Ward. 
 
 Field-officers of the picket guard to-night, Colonel Doolittle, Major 
 Butterick. 
 
 Field-officers for main guard to-morrow, Colonel W m Henshaw, 
 Major Brooks. 
 
 Field-officer for fatigue, Colonel Gerisk. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Montague. 
 
 Otherwise as usual. 
 
 May 13 th. 
 
 Parole, “ Brookfield ” ; countersign, “ Dudley.” 
 
 Officer of the day, Colonel Patterson. 
 
 Field-officers for the picket guard to-night, Lieut.-Colonel Brickett, 
 Major Stacy. 
 
 Field-officers for main guard to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Clark, Major 
 W oods. 
 
 For fatigue, Lieut.-Colonel Holden. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Fox. 
 
 Otherwise as usual. 
 
 General Orders. — That Captain Isaac Foster be permitted to 
 carry provisions into Charlestown for the benefit of such persons only 
 who have moved out of Boston and are going into the country, and 
 our friends in said town. 
 
 That no person excepting the said Isaac Foster be permitted to pass 
 the guard with provisions, till further order. 
 
 May 14th. 
 
 Parole, “ Hardwick ” ; countersign, “ Petersham.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Woodbridge. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket guard to-night, Lieut.-Colonel Robertson. 
 
 Field-officer for main guard to-morrow, Major Baldwin. 
 
 For fatigue, Lieut.-Colonel Holden for to-morrow instead of to-day. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, . 
 
 Otherwise as usual. 
 
 4 
 
26 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Ocr. 
 
 May 1 5th. 
 
 Parole, “ Billerica ” ; countersign, “ Chelmsford.” 
 
 Officer for the day, to-morrow, Lieut.-Colouel .Joseph Heushaw. 
 Field-officer for the picket guard to-night, Major Bigilow. 
 Field-officer for the main guard to-morrow, Colonel W m Prescott. 
 Officer for fatigue to-morrow, Colonel Porter. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, . 
 
 Otherwise as usual. 
 
 May 1 6th. 
 
 Parole, “ Northampton” ; countersign, “ Hadley.”* 
 Field-officer for picket guard to-night, Colonel Ward. 
 
 Field-officer for main guard to-morrow, Colonel Doolittle. 
 Field-officer for fatigue, Colonel Peirce for to-morrow. 
 
 Adjutant for the day, . 
 
 Otherwise as usual. 
 
 May 17 th. 
 
 Parole, “ Ticonderoga” ; countersign, “ Crown Point.” 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Parker. 
 
 Field-officer for picket guard to-night, Colonel Clark. 
 
 Field-officer for main guard to-morrow morning, Major Moore. 
 Field-officer for fatigue to-morrow, Lieut.-Colouel Patterson. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, . 
 
 Otherwise as usual. 
 
 May 18 th. 
 
 Parole, “ Easton ” ; countersign, “ Arnold.” f 
 Officer of the day, Lieut.-Colouel Robertson, for to-morrow. 
 Field-officer for the picket guard to-night, Colonel Woodbridge. 
 Field-officer for main guard to-morrow, Lieut.-Colouel Holden. 
 For fatigue, Major Baldwin. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, . 
 
 Otherwise as usual. 
 
 May 19 th. 
 
 Parole, “ Eti-ian ” ; countersign [“ Allen ”]4 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel W m Henshaw. 
 Field-officer for the picket guard to-night, Colonel Bond. 
 Field-officer for main guard to-morrow morning, Colonel Witney. 
 Field-officer for fatigue, Colonel Scammons. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, . 
 
 Otherwise as usual. 
 
 * In Eenno’s Orderly Book “ Hadley ” is given as the parole, and “North- 
 ampton ” as the countersign. — Eds. 
 
 t In Fenno’s Orderly Book “Arnold” is given as the parole, and “Easton” 
 as the countersign. — Eds. 
 
 f Supplied from Fenno’s Orderly Book. — Eds. 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 27 
 
 General Orders. — That Colonel W m Henshaw be discharged 
 from any further service in camp, and have leave to return home ; the 
 Colonel having requested of the General this liberty. 
 
 May 20th. 
 
 Parole, “ Athol” ; countersign, “ Warwick.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Doolittle. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket guard to-night, Lieut.-Colonel Bond. 
 
 Field-officer for the main guard to-morrow, Colonel Nixon. 
 
 Field-officer for fatigue, Colonel Ward. 
 
 Adjutant for the day, . 
 
 Otherwise as usual. 
 
 General Orders. — That no person presume to fire upon the 
 armed schooner* in the river, from Lechmore’s Point. 
 
 That the sentry placed at the bridge permit no person to pass on to 
 Lechmore’s Point, without an express order from head-quarters, till 
 further orders. 
 
 May 21st. 
 
 Parole, “ Groton” ; countersign, “ Pepperell.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Joseph Henshaw. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket guard to-night, Major Bigilow. 
 
 Field-officer for main guard to-morrow, Colonel Bridge. 
 
 Officer for fatigue. . 
 
 Adjutant of the day, . 
 
 May 22 d. 
 
 Parole, “ Shrewsbury ” ; countersign, “ Worcester.” 
 
 Officer of the day, Lieut.-Colonel Clark, for to-morrow. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket guard to-night, Major Bigilow. 
 
 Field-officer for the main guard to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Paterson. 
 
 Officer for fatigue. Major Moore. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, . 
 
 May 23 d. 
 
 General Orders. — That the officers of the train of artillery may 
 enlist persons from any regiment in camp, in order to complete the 
 train as soon as possible ; and the commanding officer of each regiment 
 and company is ordered to permit four men, and no more, from each 
 company to enlist voluntarily into the train, — the commissions, by a 
 resolve of Congress, to be made out to the several captains of com- 
 panies, notwithstanding the four men enlisted out of their respective 
 companies ; but the companies are to be filled up as soon as possible, 
 afterwards. 
 
 Parole, “ Marlborough ” ; countersign, “Northborough.” 
 
 Officer for the day, to-morrow, Colonel Gardiner. 
 
 * Fenno’s Orderly Book lias “ sloop ” instead of “ schooner.” — Eds. 
 
28 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket to-night, Major Baldwin. 
 
 Officer for the main guard to-morrow morning, Lieut.-Colonel 
 Witney. 
 
 Field-officer for fatigue, Major Cady. 
 
 Adjutant for the day, Hunt. 
 
 May 24 tli. 
 
 Parole, “ Sudbury” ; countersign, “ Framingham.” 
 
 Officer for the day, to-morrow, Colonel Gerrish. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket to-night, Major Wood. 
 
 Field-officer for main guard to-morrow morning, Lieut.-Colonel 
 Holden. 
 
 Officer for fatigue, Lieut.-Colonel Clark, for to-morrow. 
 
 Adjutant for the day, Febiger. 
 
 May 2 5th. 
 
 Parole, “ Mendon ” ; countersign, “ Upton.” 
 
 Officer of the day. Colonel Mansfeild. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket to-night, Major Sawyer. 
 
 Field-officer for main guard to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Robinson. 
 Field-officer for fatigue, Major Bigilow. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Putnam. 
 
 May 2 6th. 
 
 Parole, “ Concord ” ; countersign, “ Stow.” 
 
 Officer of the day, Colonel Woodbridge. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket to-night, Major Jackson. 
 
 Field-officer for the main guard to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Clark. 
 Field-officer for fatigue, Colonel Cady. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Montague. 
 
 May 27th. 
 
 Parole, “ Medford ” ; countersign, “ Chelsea.” 
 
 Officer for the day, to-morrow, Colonel Patterson. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket to-night, Major Brooks. 
 
 Field-officer for the main guard to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Bond. 
 Field-officer for the fatigue, Colonel Ward. 
 
 Adjutant for the day, Warner. 
 
 May 28 tli. 
 
 Parole, “ Malden ” ; countersign, “ Deliverance.” 
 
 Officer of the day, to-morrow, Colonel W m Prescott. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket to night, Major Stacy. 
 
 Field-officer for the main guard to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Hutch- 
 inson. 
 
 Field-officer for the fatigue, Major Putnam. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, . 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 29 
 
 May 28tk. 
 
 General Orders. — That Colonel Doolittle march with four 
 hundred men to Chelsea, and relieve Colonel Nixon and his party, 
 with the other troops that went from this camp ; and he is to conduct 
 in such manner as he may judge will most contribute to the general 
 safety. If the cannon which are in the schooner which was taken 
 yesterday can be secured without too much exposing the troops, he 
 may bring them off; or othenvays conduct, as his best judgment shall 
 direct. * 
 
 May 29th. 
 
 Parole, “ Boston ” ; countersign, “ Roxbury.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Gardiner. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket guard to-night, Major Buttrick. 
 
 Field-officer for the main guard to-morrow, Colonel Robertson. 
 
 For fatigue, Major Wood. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Hunt. 
 
 General Orders. — That the party for fatigue be paraded in the 
 morning, so as to attend prayers, and, as soon as prayers are ended, to 
 march directly to the place of fatigue, and work until eleven o’clock ; 
 then return, and rest till two o’clock, and work from that time till six 
 o’clock. 
 
 May 30th. 
 
 General Orders. — That Major Alden deliver the brass field- 
 piece in his possession to Mr. Dimon Morton, of the train of artillery, 
 for the use of the army. 
 
 Parole, “ Dedham ” ; countersign, “ Medfield.” 
 
 Officer of the day, Colonel Bridge. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket guard to-night, Major Jackson. 
 
 Field-officer for the main guard to-morrow morning, Lieut.-Colonel 
 Reed. 
 
 Officer for fatigue to-morrow, Major Sawyer. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Fox. 
 
 May 31sf. 
 
 Parole, “ Salem” ; countersign, “ Danvers.” 
 
 Officer for the day, Colonel Scammons. 
 
 Field-officer of the picket guard to-night, Major Brooks. 
 
 Field-officer for the main guard to-morrow morning, Lieut.-Colonel 
 Holden. 
 
 Officer for fatigue, Major Baldwin. 
 
 Adjutant for the day, Masden. 
 
 General Orders. — That the stock which was taken from Nod- 
 dle’s Island, belonging to Mr. Henry Howell Williams, be delivered 
 
 * Fenno’s Orderly Book has, “the remains of the schooner which was burnt 
 on Winnisimmitt Ferry.” — Eds. 
 
30 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 to his father, Colonel Joseph Williams, of Roxbury, for the use of 
 said Henry H. Williams. 
 
 June 1 st. 
 
 Parole, “Ipswich”; countersign, “Newbury.” 
 
 Officer of the day, Colonel Nixen, for to-morrow. 
 
 Field-officer of the picket guard to-night, Major Woods. 
 
 Field-officer for the main guard to-morrow morning, Lieut.-Colonel 
 Hutchinson. 
 
 Field-officer for fatigue to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Robertson. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Nixon. 
 
 General Orders. — That the commanding officer of each regi- 
 
 . , © 
 
 ment, detachment, or company, daily visit Ins soldiers, whether in 
 barracks or tents, and oblige them to keep thems-elves clean. The 
 officers who do not strictly adhere to this order are to be reported to 
 head-quarters, and the soldiers that disobey the officers’ orders in this 
 respect are to be confined at the main guard until they shall receive 
 some punishment adequate to a crime so heinous. That the officers 
 oblige them to keep the parade clean, and bury the filth. 
 
 June 2 d. 
 
 Parole, “Newbury”; countersign, “ Port.” 
 
 Officer for the day, to-morrow, Colonel Gerrish. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket to-night, Major Wood. 
 
 Field-officer for the main guard to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Moulton. 
 
 Field-officer for fatigue, Lieut.-Colonel Parker. 
 
 Adjutant for the day, Febiger. 
 
 General Orders. — That all such persons who have horses in 
 camp that were taken from Hog Island and Noddle’s Island return 
 them immediately to head-quarters, excepting such horses as the own- 
 ers have had general orders to take. 
 
 June od. 
 
 Parole, “Marblehead”; countersign, “ Lynn.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Mansfeild. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket to-night, Major Stacy. 
 
 Field-officer for the main guard to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Bond. 
 
 Field-officer for fatigue to-morrow, . 
 
 Adjutant of the day, . 
 
 General Orders. — That the commanding officer of each regi- 
 ment, company, or detachment, oblige all that are off of duty, under 
 his command, to be paraded at four o’clock in the afternoon, and be 
 ready to attend the whipping of two persons for stealing, at five o’clock, 
 P.M. 
 
 1 
 
 June 4th. 
 
 Parole, “Beverly”; countersign, “ Rowley.” 
 
 Field-officer for the day, to-morrow, Colonel Woodbridge. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket to-night, Major Butterick. 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 31 
 
 Field-officer for the main guard to-morrow morning, Lieut.-Colonel 
 Clark. 
 
 For fatigue to-morrow, Mezin Putnam. 
 
 Adjutant for the day, Montague. 
 
 June 5th. 
 
 Parole, “Salisbury”; countersign, “ Haverhill.” 
 
 Officer for the day, Colonel Patterson. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket to-night, Major Poor. 
 
 Field-officer for the main guard to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Whitney. 
 Field-officer for fatigue, Major Jackson. 
 
 Adjutant for the day, to-morrow, Colonel Patterson. 
 
 June 6 th. 
 
 Parole, “ Gloucester ” ; countersign, “ Topsfield.” 
 
 Officer for the day, to-morrow, Colonel W m Prescott. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket to-night, Major Putnam. 
 
 Field-officer for the main guard to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Stowers. 
 Field-officer for fatigue to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Robinson. 
 Adjutant of the day, Colonel Prescott. 
 
 June 7th. 
 
 Parole, “ Springfield ” ; countersign, “ ^Northampton.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Gardiner. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket to-night, Major Durkee. 
 
 Field-officer for the main guard to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Hiltcli- 
 inson. 
 
 Field-officer for fatigue for to-morrow, Major Baldwin. 
 
 Adjutant of the day for to-morrow, Hunt. 
 
 June 8th. 
 
 Parole, “ Shelburne ” ; countersign, “ Conway.” 
 
 Officer for the day, to-morrow, Colonel Scammons. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket to-night, Major Brooks. 
 
 Field-officer for the main guard to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Moulton. 
 Field-officer for fatigue to-morrow. Major Stacy. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Masden. 
 
 June 9 th. 
 
 Parole, “ Sunderland ” ; countersign, “ Montague.” 
 
 Officer for the day, to-morrow, Colonel Xixen. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket to-night, Major Woods. 
 
 Field-officer for the main guard to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Bond. 
 Field-officer for fatigue, Major Wood. 
 
 Adjutant of the day for to-morrow, [from] Colonel Xixen’s regi- 
 ment. 
 
 June 1 0 th. 
 
 Parole, “ Northfield ” ; countersign, “ Brimfield.” 
 
 Officer for the day, to-morrow, Colonel Gerrish. 
 
32 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket to-night. Major Butterick. 
 
 Field-officer for the main guard to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Brickett. 
 Adjutant of the day, Febiger. 
 
 General Orders. — That the commanding officer of the picket 
 guard be particularly careful that no damage be done to the meeting- 
 house, as he must be accountable for it himself. This order to be 
 handed to the next officer that relieves, and so on. The meeting-house 
 and parade round it to be kept clean. 
 
 June 11th. 
 
 Parole, “ Glyn ” ; countersign, “ Wilks.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Mansfeild. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket to-night, Major Putnam. 
 
 Field-officer for main guard to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Clark. 
 Field-officer for fatigue to-morrow, Major Poor. 
 
 Adjutant for the day, Putnam. 
 
 June 12th. 
 
 Parole, “York”; countersign, “ Kittery.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Woodbridge. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket to-night, Major Wood. 
 
 Field-officer for the main guard to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Parker. 
 
 Officer for fatigue to-morrow, . 
 
 Adjutant for the day, Montague. 
 
 June 13th. 
 
 Parole, “ Woburn ” ; countersign, “ Concord.” 
 
 Officer of the day, to-morrow, Colonel W m Prescott. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket to-night, Major Stacy. 
 
 Field-officer for the main guard to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Robinson. 
 
 Officer for fatigue to-morrow, . 
 
 Adjutant for the day, Ilardy. 
 
 Head-quarters, June 13, 1775. 
 
 General Orders. — That a general court-martial be held this 
 day, at nine o’clock, at the school-house, to try such persons as shall 
 be brought before them. 
 
 Colonel Fry, President. 
 
 MEMBERS. 
 
 Captains. Lieutenants. 
 
 Coit. 
 
 Foster. 
 
 Bancroft. 
 
 Hide. 
 
 Francis. 
 
 Hunting. 
 
 Newell. 
 
 Kyes. 
 
 Gleason. 
 
 Goodnow. 
 
 Butler. 
 
 Porter. 
 
 Joseph Trumball, Esq., Judge Advocate. 
 
 All evidences to attend. 
 
1876 .] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 33 
 
 June 14 th. 
 
 Parole, “Wells ” ; countersign, “ Berwick.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Gardener. 
 
 Field-officer of the picket to-night, Major Jackson. 
 
 Field-officer of the main guard to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Storrs. 
 
 Officer for fatigue to-morrow, . 
 
 Adjutant for the day, to-morrow. Hunt. 
 
 Head-quarters, June 1 •1th. 
 
 General Orders. — That each colonel of a regimeni take and 
 keep a list of his men, their names, when enlisted, place of residence, 
 age, stature, and complexion, and order the roll to be called every 
 morning and evening. All officers see that all tumults and disorders 
 in camp be suppressed, that all soldiers repair to their barracks and 
 tents immediately after beating the tattoo, on penalty of being con- 
 fined ; and that there be no noise in the camp after nine o’clock at 
 night. That the field-officers of the day take special care to suppress 
 all grog-shops ; and, if the owners of them continue to sell liquors to 
 the soldiers, he is ordered to stave all their liquors. All officers see 
 that their men attend upon prayers morning and evening, and also the 
 service on Lord’s day, with their arms and accoutrements, ready to 
 march in case of an alarm. That no drum beat after the chaplain is 
 on the stage, and the men immediately attend. The commanding 
 officer of each regiment see that the arms and ammunition be viewed 
 daily, and that none be wasted, and that every regiment keep a quarter 
 guard. That the arms and ammunition of the picket guard be ex- 
 amined by the commanding officer of the picket before they go upon 
 duty. 
 
 June loth. 
 
 Parole, “ Taunton ” ; countersign, “ Rehoboth.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Scammons. 
 
 Field-officer of the picket to-night, Major Durkee. 
 
 Field-officer for the main guard to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Nixon. 
 
 Officer for fatigue to-morrow, — . 
 
 Adjutant for the day. to-morrow, Marsden. 
 
 General Orders. — That the commanding officer of the picket 
 guard never leave his post by night nor by day, not more than half an 
 hour at a time, leaving directions with the next commanding officer 
 where to find him. Not more than ten of the picket be allowed to 
 [be] off their post at a time, by night or by day. That the second in 
 command never leave his post when the first is absent. These orders 
 to be delivered to the next commanding officer, and so on from time to 
 time. 
 
 That Samuel Murray be removed from the jail in Worcester, to his 
 father’s homestead farm in Rutland, the limits of which he is not to 
 pass until further orders ; and all persons are hereby strictly forbidden 
 to offer any violence to said Murray while he continues in the peace 
 of God within these limits. 
 
 5 
 
34 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Ocx. 
 
 June 16f/i. 
 
 Parole, “Lebanon”; countersign, “ Coventry.” 
 
 Field-officer of the day, to-morrow, Colonel Nixon. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket to-night, Major Butterick. 
 
 Field-officer for the main guard to-morrow morning, Lieut. -Colonel 
 Hutchinson. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, to-morrow, . * 
 
 Head-quarters , Cambridge, June lltlt, 1775. 
 
 General Orders. — That General Thomas immediately send the 
 following ordnance: viz., one 18 and one 24 pounder, with proper 
 ordnance stores, to the camp at Cambridge, and proper conductors for 
 the same, if they can well be spared from Roxbury camp. 
 
 June llth, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Deerfield ” ; countersign, “ Conway.” 
 
 Field-officer of the day, to-morrow, Colonel Gerrish. 
 
 Field-officer for the picket to-night, Colonel Wood. 
 
 Field-officer for the main guard to-morrow morning, Lieut.-Colonel 
 Baldwin. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, to-morrow, Febiger.f 
 
 * Chester’s Orderly Book (Proceedings of Mass. Hist. Soe., June, 1875) has 
 Brooks instead of Butterick, and names Holden as “adjutant of the day, to- 
 morrow.” Fenno’s Orderly Book does not contain the names of the field-officers 
 and adjutant; but it adds : “Frye’s, Bridge’s, and Wm. Prescott’s regiments to 
 parade this evening, at six o’clock, with all the entrenching tools in this en- 
 campment.” — Eds. 
 
 t In Fenno’s Orderly Book, which was apparently not written out from day 
 to day, but was prepared at a later date, either from the original orders or from 
 memoranda taken at the time, the following account of the battle of Bunker 
 Hill is inserted, between the 17th and 18th of June: “The three regiments 
 above-mentioned, having received orders about ten o’clock of the evening 10th 
 instant, began to entrench on Breed’s Hill, directly opposite Cope’s Hill in 
 Boston. By daylight they had thrown up a small fort and part of the lines of 
 circumvallation. About four o’clock in the morning of the 17th, the Lively, 
 which lay in Charlestown Ferry, having put a spring on her cable, began to fire 
 on our people. Some time after they fired also from Cope’s Hill, where was a 
 battery of seven or eight battering cannon. As the tide rose, about ten o’clock, 
 three or four floating batteries began to play on the above entrenchment. Be- 
 tween twelve and two o’clock two thousand men landed on a point north-east of 
 the entrenchment, and immediately began to cannonade the same ; so that at 
 this period the fire of three ships, three batteries, several field-pieces, the battery 
 on Cope’s Hill, from six different directions, all centred on the above incom- 
 plete breastwork. No relief or reinforcement having arrived, about nine hun- 
 dred men of the above three regiments alone maintained the ground till about 
 three o’clock, when, being overpowered by numbers, they were obliged to 
 retreat. The Provincials lost about one hundred and thirty men in this engage- 
 ment, and had about three hundred wounded. From a very intelligent regular 
 who was in the above engagement, and who afterwards deserted, I had a list of 
 the killed and wounded of the Regulars, which account General Gage trans- 
 mitted to England, and was as follows : — 
 
 “Account of the killed and wounded of the ministerial army in the engage- 
 ment at Charlestown, June 17, 1775. 
 
 Field-officers. Captains. Subalterns. Sergeants. Drummers. Privates. 
 
 4 9 13 15 1 191 killed. 
 
 2 25 39 40 12 706 wounded. 
 
 “ Total, 1057 killed and wounded.” — Eds. 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 35 
 
 Sunday , June 1 8th. 
 
 Parole. “ Malden ” ; countersign, “ Weston.” 
 
 Field-officer of the day, to-morrow, Colonel Mansfeild. 
 
 Field-officer of the picket to-night, Major Poor. 
 
 Field-officer of the main guard to-morrow morning, Lieut.-Colonel 
 Bond. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, to-morrow, Putnam. 
 
 June 19 th. 
 
 General Orders. — That Captain David Mason* repair to the 
 several entrenchments, to direct, inspect, and oversee the artillery and 
 military stores throughout the lines, and see that they are in proper 
 order. 
 
 That an adjutant furnish a subaltern and twenty men without arms 
 to attend the committee of Congress, at the commissary’s office, and 
 there assist in loading and unloading provisions, and in other labor. 
 
 Parole, “ Scarborough ” ; countersign, “ Brunswick.” 
 
 Officer of the day, to-morrow, Colonel Woodbridge. 
 
 Officer for the picket to-night, Major Stacy. 
 
 Officer of the main guard to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Brickett. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, to-morrow, Montague. 
 
 General Orders. — That Colonel Ward and Colonel Whitcomb 
 furnish one company between both their regiments to be taken from 
 No. 2, and send them to Mrs. Inman’s, to be relieved by said regiments 
 from day to day till further orders ; also furnish Captain Homans with 
 a sergeant and fifteen privates every evening. 
 
 June 20th. 
 
 General Orders. — That Sergeant Green and John Rotch take 
 the command of the guard at the small-pox hospital, near Fresh Pond, 
 and keep a sentry at the gate, who is to permit no person to go in or 
 out, except the doctor, and such as the doctor shall permit to pass; and 
 that a very strict guard be constantly kept at said hospital. 
 
 Parole, “ Harpswell ” ; countersign, “ Windham.” 
 
 Officer of the day, to-morrow, Colonel Fry. 
 
 Officer of the picket to-night, . 
 
 Officer of the main guard to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Brown. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, to-morrow, Hardy. 
 
 June 21 st. 
 
 Parole, “ Pomfret ” ; countersign, “ Bristol.” 
 
 Officer of the day, to-morrow, Colonel W m Prescott. 
 
 Officer of the picket to-night, Major Jackson. 
 
 Officer for the main guard to-morrow, Colonel Baldwin. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, to-morrow, Colonel Prescott. 
 
 * In Fenno’s Orderly Book he is called “Major Mason”; but he did not 
 receive his commission as major until June 21st. See Frothingham’s “ History 
 of the Siege of Boston,” p. 184. — Eds. 
 
36 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY’. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 General Orders. — That the commanding officer of each regi- 
 ment, detachment, and company make a complete return of the num- 
 bers in their respective regiments, detachments, and companies fit for 
 duty, absent on furlough, deserted, sick, killed, and wounded in the late 
 engagement, and missing upon account thereof. 
 
 That each colonel appoint a regimental court-martial to try prison- 
 ers belonging to their respective regiments, for errors that are not 
 capital. 
 
 That one-half of Colonels Brewer’s, Nixon’s, Scammous’s, Little’s, 
 Gerrish’s, Gardiner’s, Wood bridge’s, [and] Mansfield's regiments be 
 drafted every day to relieve the party upon Prospect Hill ; the said 
 party be paraded and ready to march by seven o’clock in the morning, 
 till further orders. 
 
 June 22 d. 
 
 Parole, “ Langdon ” ; countersign, “ Appleton.” 
 
 Officer for the day for to-morrow, Colonel Scammons. 
 
 Officer for the picket to-night, Colonel Glover. 
 
 Officer for the main guard to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Nixon. 
 
 Adjutant for the day, to-morrow, Marsden. 
 
 General Orders. — That all such persons as may have in their 
 possession guns, packs, clothing, and any other article whatever that 
 fell into their hands, at and .since the time of the engagement upon 
 Bunker’s Hill, the owners of which are unknown, immediately return 
 them to head-quarters. 
 
 June 23 d. 
 
 Parole, “ Lyman ” ; countersign, “ Hopkins.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Glover. 
 
 Officer of the picket to-night, [from] Colonel Glover’s regiment. 
 
 Officer of the main guard to-morrow. Major Brooks. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, to-morrow, Colonel Glover. 
 
 General Orders. — That Colonels Brewer, Nixon, Little, Scam- 
 mon, Gerrish, Gardiner, Woodbridge, [and] Mansfeild’s regiments 
 encamp on or near Prospect Hill ; the officers of said regiments not to 
 desert their posts upon any consideration whatever, and use their 
 utmost endeavors to prevent the soldiers doing the same. 
 
 June 24 th. Head-quarters , Cambridge. 
 
 Parole, “ Troyvrridge ” ; countersign, “ Walter.” 
 
 Officer of the day, to-morrow, Colonel Bridge. 
 
 Officer of the picket to-night, Captain . 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Lieut.-Colonel Storrs. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, — Fox. 
 
 General orders his thanks to be given to those officers and soldiers 
 wbo behaved so very gallantly in the late action at Charlestown. 
 Such bravery gives the General sensible pleasure, he being thereby 
 fully satisfied that we shall finally come off victorious, and triumph 
 over the enemies of freedom and America. 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 37 
 
 Sunday, June 25th. 
 
 Parole, “ Halley” ; countersign, Freeman.” 
 
 Officer of the clay, to-morrow, Colonel Fry. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Lieut.-Colonel Kobinson. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Hardy. 
 
 June 26 th. 
 
 Parole, “ Swansea” ; countersign, “ Dartmouth.” 
 
 Officer of the day, to-morrow, Colonel Prescott. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Johonnot. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Green. 
 
 Head-quarters, June 21th, 1775, Cambridge. 
 
 General Orders. — That a general court-martial be held this day 
 at the lines, to try Captain Callender, of the train of artillery. Evi- 
 dences on both sides be duly ordered to attend said court, which is to 
 sit at eight o’clock, a.m. 
 
 Colonel Little, President. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Crofts. * 
 
 Baker. 
 
 Gerrish. 
 
 Barnet. 
 
 Hill. 
 
 Cogswell. 
 
 Perkins. 
 
 Williams. 
 
 Popkins. 
 
 Noble. 
 
 Tyler. 
 
 Dodge. 
 
 Captain Mosely, Judge Advocate. 
 
 June 21th. 
 
 General Orders. — That the commanding officer at Prospect 
 Hill keep a main guard, and appoint an officer for the day. 
 
 The field-officers are ordered to see that their respective regiments 
 (so many of them as are off of duty) be paraded daily at ten o’clock 
 in the morning, and at four o’clock in the afternoon. The field- 
 officers are enjoined to discipline those that parade two hours in the 
 forenoon and two in the afternoon, and see that a list of their names 
 be called over daily ; when paraded in the morning, to prevent 
 their strolling about in the fields and leaving the camp. When 
 paraded in the afternoon, the field-officers are daily to view the arms 
 of their respective regiments, and see what number of rounds each man 
 has, to prevent their waiting, contrary to orders. The commanding 
 officer is to order every night, visiting rounds, and a patrol sentry, 
 whose business it shall be to see that the sentries are all alert upon 
 their posts ; and such as are found sleeping or sitting upon their posts 
 are to be confined for trial. The field-officers are not to leave their 
 posts upon any consideration, without leave from the commanding 
 officer. 
 
 * In Fenno’s Orderly Book the name is “ Craft,” probably Abner Craft of 
 Colonel Gardner’s regiment. (See ante, p. 6.) Fenno gives “ Prescot ” as the 
 parole, and “ Dana ” as the countersign, for June 27th. — Eds. 
 
38 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 June 28 th. 
 
 General Orders. —That Lieut.-Colonel Bond occupy one room, 
 in the south-east corner of Colonel Yassall’s house, upon the second 
 floor, for the sick belonging to said regiment,* till a convenient place 
 can be procured elsewhere for the above-said purpose. 
 
 Parole, “ Worcester”; countersign, “ Brookfield.” 
 
 Officer for the day, to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Brickett. 
 
 Officer for the main guard, Major Poor. 
 
 Adjutant for the day, Fox. 
 
 General Orders. — That Edward Previor assist in baking, till 
 further orders. 
 
 June 29 th. 
 
 Parole, “Washington”; countersign, “Virginia.” 
 
 Officer of the day, to-morrow, Colonel Gerry. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Brooks. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Hardy. 
 
 General Orders. — That the regiments in this encampment par- 
 ade to-morrow morning at five o’clock, on the common, where the pris- 
 oners will be brought from the main guard, and the sentence of the 
 general court-martial will be put in execution against them. 
 
 The officers commanding companies will take care that the men in 
 their respective companies turn out immediately when called upon for 
 duty. 
 
 The adjutants will take care to bring the men upon the place of 
 parade for guards and other duty, precisely by the time prefixed by the 
 Adjutant-General. 
 
 June 30 th. Head-quarters. 
 
 General Orders. — That all profane cursing and swearing, all 
 indecent language and behavior, will not be tolerated in camps. The 
 General expects that all the officers, from the highest to the lowest 
 rank, set a good example to the soldiers in this respect. 
 
 That three subalterns be appointed daily to visit the colleges at nine 
 o’clock in the morning, and see that they are daily swept clean ; and 
 that the officers improving dwelling-houses take care that those soldiers 
 who are quartered in the same see that they are daily swept. 
 
 That the field-officers at Cambridge, Charlestown, and Medford see 
 that the adjutants make a list of the names of all the officers of rank 
 and file belonging to their respective regiments, and make a return 
 immediately to the Adjutant-General. 
 
 That all possible care be taken that no lewd women come into tlte 
 camp ; and all persons are ordered to give information of such persons, 
 if any there be, that proper measures be taken to bring them to con- 
 dign punishment, and rid the camp of all such nuisances. 
 
 That the rules and regulations for the American army be read at 
 
 * Fenno’s Orderly Book lias, “ belonging to Colonel Gardner’s regiment.” 
 — Eds. 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 39 
 
 the head of the respective companies by the captains, or such other 
 person as they shall appoint, once a week, till further orders. * 
 
 June 30 th. 
 
 Parole, “ Pennsylvania ” ; countersign, “ Jamaica.” 
 
 Officer for the day. to-morrow, Colonel Prescott. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Lieut.-Colonel Robinson. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Gibbs. 
 
 July Is/. 
 
 Parole, “ Bowdoin ” ; countersign, “ Dexter.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Glover. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Johonnot. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Fox. 
 
 Camp at Cambridge, July 1st. 
 
 That the adjutants of the respective regiments doing duty at Cam- 
 bridge, Charlestown, and Medford make a weekly return to the 
 Adjutant-General at head-quarters of the number of officers, and 
 rank and file fit for duty, number unfit, where stationed, what number 
 on duty daily, what duty, whether in camp, out on furlough, or absent 
 without leave. 
 
 That the drummers in this encampment attend upon Mr. John 
 Bassett, drum-major, at seven o’clock to-morrow morning, and receive 
 their orders from him respecting their duty. 
 
 July 2 d. 
 
 Parole, “ Pitts ” ; countersign, “ Bradbury.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Brickett. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Woods. 
 
 Adjutant for the day, Hardy. 
 
 General Orders. — That some suitable person in each company 
 in the several regiments be directed to inspect said company daily ; 
 that, upon finding any complaints of indisposition among the men, the 
 surgeon of each regiment will examine thereinto, and, if there he any 
 symptoms of the small-pox upon them, that they be immediately 
 removed. 
 
 That one soldier he taken out of each company in Putnam’s, Pres- 
 cott’s, Bridge’s, Fry’s, and Glover’s regiments, for camp color-men, 
 whose daily business shall be to sweep and keep clean the camp. 
 
 Head-quarters at Cambridge, July 3 d. 
 
 Parole, “ Look out ” ; countersign, “Sharp.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Bridge. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Poor. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Gibbs. 
 
 * In Fenno’s Orderly Book the army is called “ the Massachusetts army,” 
 and it is stated that the rules and regulations are to be read “ at least once a 
 fortnight.” — Eds. 
 
40 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 Head-quarters at Cambridge , July 3d, 1775. 
 
 By his Excellency George Washington, Esq., Commander-in-chief 
 of the Forces of the United Colonies of North America, — 
 
 The colonel or commanding officer of each regiment is ordered 
 forthwith to make two returns of the number of men in their respective 
 regiments, distinguishing those who are sick, wounded, or absent on 
 furlough, and also the quantity of ammunition each regiment now has. 
 
 After Orders. — Four o’clock, p.m. By his Excellency General 
 Washington, — 
 
 It is ordered, that Colonel Glover’s regiment be ready this evening, 
 with all their accoutrements, to march at a minute's warning to support 
 General Folsom of the New Hampshire forces, in case his line should 
 be attacked. 
 
 It is also ordered, that Colonel Prescott’s regiment equip themselves, 
 march this evening, and take possession of the woods leading to Lech- 
 more’s Point, and in case of an attack, then Colonel Glover’s regiment 
 to march immediately to their support. 
 
 Head-quarters., July 4 th. 
 
 Parole, “ Abington ” ; countersign, “ Bedford.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Prescott. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Brooks. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Fox. 
 
 July \th. 
 
 General Orders. — 1. Exact returns to be made by the proper 
 officers of all the provisions, ordnance, ordnance stores, powder, lead, 
 working-tools of all kinds, tents, camp-kettles, and all other stores under 
 their respective care, belonging to the armies at Cambridge and Rox- 
 bury. The commanding officer of each regiment to make a return of 
 the number of blankets wanted to complete every man with one, at 
 least. 
 
 2. The lion. Artemas Ward, Charles Lee, Philip Schuyler, and 
 Israel Putnam, Esqs., are appointed majors-general in the American 
 army, by the honorable Continental Congress, and due obedience is to 
 be paid them as such. The Continental Congress not having com- 
 pleted the appointments of the other officers in said army, nor had 
 sufficient time to prepare and forward their commissions, every officer 
 is to continue to do duty in the rank and station he at present holds, 
 until further orders. 
 
 3. Thomas Mifflin, Esq., is appointed by the General one of his 
 aides-de-camp ; Joseph Reed, Esq., is in like manner appointed secre- 
 tary to the General ; and they are in future to be considered and 
 regarded as such. 
 
 4. The Continental Congress having now taken all the troops of the 
 several colonies, which have been raised or which may be hereafter 
 raised, for the support and defence of the liberties of America, into 
 their pay and service, they are now the troops of the United Provinces 
 
1876.1 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 41 
 
 of North America, and it is hoped that all distinction of colonies will 
 be laid aside, so that one and the same spirit may animate the whole, 
 and the only contest be, who shall render on this great and trying oc- 
 casion the most essential service to the great and common cause in 
 which we are all engaged. 
 
 5. It is required and expected that exact discipline be observed and 
 due subordination prevail through the whole army, as a failure in these 
 essential points must necessarily produce extreme hazard, disorder, and 
 confusion, and end in shameful disappointment and disgrace. 
 
 6. The General most earnestly requires and expects a due observ- 
 ance of those articles of war established for the government of the 
 army which forbid profane cursing and swearing, and drunkenness ; 
 and in like manner requires and expects of all officers and soldiers not 
 engaged in actual duty a punctual attendance on divine service, to 
 implore the blessing of Heaven upon the means used for our safety and 
 defence. 
 
 7. All officers are expected and required to pay diligent attention to 
 keep their men neat and clean ; to visit them often at their quarters, 
 and inculcate upon them the necessity of it, as essential to their health 
 and service ; they are particularly to see they have straw to lie on, if 
 to be had, and to make it known if they are destitute of this article. 
 They are also to take care that necessaries are provided in the camps, 
 and frequently filled up, to prevent being offensive and unhealthy. 
 Proper notice will be taken of such officers and men as shall distinguish 
 themselves by a due attention to these necessary duties. 
 
 8. The commanding officer of each regiment is to take particular 
 care that not more than two men of a company be absent on furlough 
 at the same time, unless in very extraordinary cases. 
 
 9. Colonel Gardiner* is to be buried at three o’clock, f.m., with the 
 military honors due to so brave and gallant an officer, who fought, bled, 
 and died in the cause of his country and mankind. His own regiment, 
 except the company at Malden, to attend on this mournful occasion. 
 The places of those companies on the lines on Prospect Hill to be 
 supplied by Colonel Glover’s regiment till the funeral is over. 
 
 10. No person whatever is allowed to go to Fresh Water Pond 
 a-fishing, or on any other occasion, as there may be danger of intro- 
 ducing the small-pox intp the army. 
 
 11. It is strictly required and commanded that there be no firing of 
 cannon or small arms from any of the lines, or elsewhere, except in 
 case of necessary immediate defence, or special order given for that 
 purpose. 
 
 12. All persons taken, deserters coming in, persons coming out of 
 Boston, who can give any intelligence, any captures of any kind from 
 the enemy, are to be immediately reported, and brought up to head- 
 quarters at Cambridge. 
 
 * Colonel Thomas Gardner, of Cambridge, was wounded in the battle of 
 Bunker Hill, and died on the 3d of July. See Frothingham’s “History of the 
 Siege of Boston,” pp. 151, 179, 180. — Eds. 
 
 6 
 
^ MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. [Oct. 
 
 13. Captain Griffin is appointed aide-de-camp to General Lee, and 
 to be regarded as such. 
 
 14. The guard for the security of the stores at Watertown to be 
 increased to thirty men immediately. 
 
 15. A sergeant and six men are to be set as a guard to the hospital, ' 
 and are to apply to Dr. Rand. 
 
 16. Complaint being made against John White, quartermaster of 
 Colonel Nixon’s regiment, for misdemeanors in drawing provisions for 
 more men than the regiment consisted of, and for abusive behavior, a 
 court-martial, consisting of a captain and four subalterns, is ordered to 
 be held on said White, at nine o’clock to-morrow morning, who are to 
 make due inquiry, determine, and report. 
 
 Head-quarters, Cambridge , July hth , 1775. 
 
 By his Excellency General Washington. 
 
 Parole, “ Bedford ” ; countersign, “ Cambridge.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Glover. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Lieut.-Colonel Robinson. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Hardy. 
 
 General Orders. — 1. The adjutant of each regiment is required 
 to take special care that all general orders are communicated as well 
 to the private men as to the officers, that there may be no plea of igno- 
 rance. They will be deemed answerable for all consequences which 
 may follow from a neglect of this order. 
 
 2. A general court-martial is ordered to sit to-morrow, at ten o’clock, 
 a.m., for the trial of William Patten, charged with leaving his post 
 while on guard ; David Wells and Gideon Cole, for sleeping on their 
 posts as sentinels ; John Scott, for insulting the sentry, and attempting 
 to pass the guard at Boston; and James Foster, for theft; when the 
 witnesses are to attend, and the parties charged are to have notice 
 this day that they may be prepared for their trials. 
 
 3. The General most earnestly recommends and requires of all the 
 officers, that they be exceeding diligent and strict in preventing all 
 invasion and abuse of private property in their quarters or elsewhere, 
 lie hopes, and indeed flatters himself, that every private soldier will 
 abhor and detest such practices, when he considers that it is for his 
 own rights, liberty, and property, and those of his fellow-countrymen, 
 that he is now called into service ; that it is unmanly, and sullies the 
 dignity of the great cause in which we are all engaged, to violate that 
 property he is called to protect ; and especially that it is most cruel and 
 inconsistent thus to add to the distresses of those of their countrymen 
 who are suffering under the iron hand of oppression. 
 
 4. The General again urges a speedy and exact return of the forces, 
 stores, provisions, &c., as desired in the order already issued ; and for 
 the future, these returns to be made once a week, on Saturday morning 
 regularly. The General is much pleased with the expedition and care 
 which some officers have already shown in their obedience to this order. 
 
 5. The colonel or commanding officer of each regiment is to direct 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 43 
 
 an officer of each company to call over the rolls of their men at six 
 o’clock every morning, and to make proper inquiry after the absentees. 
 
 N. B. — W m Patten and David Wells belong to Captain Gridley’s 
 company, and Colonel Gridley’s regiment. 
 
 Gideon Cole belongs to Captain Chester’s company, in General 
 Putnam’s regiment. 
 
 John Scott belongs to Captain Aloney’s company, Colonel ’s 
 
 regiment. * 
 
 James Foster belongs to Captain Butler’s company, Colonel Nixon’s 
 regiment. 
 
 Thursday , July 6th, 1775. Head-quarters , Cambridge. 
 
 Parole, “Cumberland ” ; countersign, “ Darby.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Bricket. 
 
 Officer for the main guard, Major Johonnot. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Gibbs. 
 
 General Orders. — 1. A general court-martial is ordered to sit ' 
 to-morrow, at ten o’clock, a.m., for the trial of John Seymore, John 
 Batchelor, and W m Croston,f all of Colonel Gridley’s regiment, charged 
 with desertion and theft ; at the same time, they are to hear and de- 
 termine the case of Thomas Dunley, a stroller, accused of theft. No- 
 tice to be given to the prisoners to-day. 
 
 2. Captain Leonard, of Colonel Woodbridge’s regiment, and the 
 remainder of his company, are ordered to join the guard at Watertown. 
 
 3. The clothing provided by the Massachusetts committee of sup- 
 plies, for those men of their government who lost their clothes at the 
 late action at Bunker’s Hill, to be distributed to the most needy and 
 necessitous men of each regiment, and an account to be kept thereof 
 by the commanding officer of each regiment. 
 
 Cambridge, Head-quarters, July 1th, 1775. 
 
 General Orders.- — By his Excellency General Washington. 
 
 Parole, “ Dorchester ” ; countersign, “ Exeter.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Bridge. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Woods. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Fox. 
 
 1. It is with inexpressible concern that the General, upon his first 
 arrival in the army, should find an officer sentenced by a general court- 
 martial to be cashiered for cowardice, — a crime of all others the most 
 infamous in a soldier, the most injurious to an army, and the last to be 
 forgiven, inasmuch as it may, and often does, happen that the coward- 
 ice of a single officer may prove the destruction of the whole army. 
 The General therefore, though with great concern (and more espe- 
 cially as the transaction happened before he had the command of the 
 troops), thinks himself obliged, for the good of the service, to approve 
 
 * In Fenno’s Orderly Book the name of the captain is given as “Money.” 
 Both Henshaw and Fenno leave a blank for the name of the colonel. — Eds. 
 t In Fenno’s Orderly Book the name is “ Curston.” — Eds. 
 
44 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 the judgment of the court-martial with respect to Captain John Callen- 
 der, who is hereby sentenced to be cashiered. Captain John Callender 
 is accordingly cashiered, and dismissed from all further service in the 
 Continental Army, as an officer. 
 
 The General, having made all due inquiries, and maturely considered 
 this matter, is led to the above determination, not only from the par- 
 ticular guilt of Captain Callender, but the fatal consequences of such a 
 conduct to the army, and to the cause of America. He now therefore 
 most earnestly exhorts officers of all ranks to show an example of 
 bravery and courage to their men, assuring them that such as do their 
 duty in the day of battle as brave and good officers shall be honored 
 with every mark of distinction and regard, their names and merits 
 made known to the General Congress, and all America; while, on 
 the other hand, he most positively declares that every officer, be his 
 rank what it may, who shall betray his country, dishonor the army and 
 his General, by basely keeping back and shrinking from duty in any 
 engagement, shall be held up as an infamous coward, and punished as 
 such with the utmost martial severity ; and no connections, interest, or 
 intercessions in his behalf will avail to prevent the strict execution of 
 j ustice. 
 
 2. Captain Scott’s and Captain Styles’s companies from New Hamp- 
 shire are to be incorporated or added to Colonel Sergeant’s regiment, 
 agreeable to the application made for that purpose. 
 
 3. No officer or soldier posted in the lines, or for the defence of 
 them, on Prospect Hill, or Winter Hill, or elsewhere, are upon any 
 account to sleep out of their encampment, or leave it at nights. The 
 troops raised in New Hampshire are particularly required to attend to 
 this order, from their particular circumstances of situation. 
 
 4. No soldier belonging to those posts, or elsewhere, to be suffered 
 to straggle at a distance from their respective parade, on any pretence, 
 without leave from his officers, as an unguarded hour may prove fatal 
 to the whole army, and to the noble cause in which we are engaged ; 
 the importance of which to every man of common understanding must 
 inspire every good officer and soldier with the noblest ardor and strict- 
 est attention, lest he should prove the fatal instrument of our ruin. 
 
 5. The Adjutant-General is required to make a strict return, as 
 quick as possible, of the troops in Cambridge, their numbers, and the 
 duty they do. 
 
 6. Complaints having been made with respect to the bread, as being 
 sour and unwholesome, the Quartermaster-General is hereby directed 
 to inquire into the matter, and report upon it ; at the same time, to 
 inform the bakers that if any more complaints are made, and they shall 
 be found just, they will be most severely punished. 
 
 7. The guards on the roads leading to Bunker’s Hill are ordered 
 not to suffer any person to pass them, unless an officer is sent down 
 from the lines to order it, or they will be severely punished. 
 
 8. The General has 'great reason, and is highly displeased with the 
 negligence and inattention of those officers who have placed as sentries 
 at the outposts men with whose character they are not acquainted. 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 45 
 
 Pie therefore orders, that for the future no man shall be appointed to 
 those important stations who is not a native of this country, or has a 
 wife and family in it to whom he is known to be attached. This order 
 is to be considered as a standing one, and the officers are to pay obedi- 
 ence to it, at their peril. 
 
 9. A complaint of the most extraordinary kind having been made to 
 the General, that soldiers enlisted in one regiment have been seduced 
 to re-enlist into others, by agents enlisted for that purpose, under the 
 specious promise of money, or leave of absence from the army, — a 
 procedure so subversive of all order and discipline, and of the very 
 existence of the army, cannot be forgiven. The strictest orders are 
 therefore given against such practices, and the General most earnestly 
 declares, that if any agent or soldier shall hereafter be found so offend- 
 ing, he will punish them with the utmost severity. 
 
 10. A general court-martial having sat upon W m Patten, and reported 
 that no evidence appeared against him to support the charge, the Gen- 
 eral defers decision upon the report until further consideration. In 
 the mean time, the Adjutant-General is ordered to wait on Colonel Ward, 
 by whom the prisoner was confined, and learn from him upon whose 
 complaint, and what witnesses there are to support it. 
 
 11. A regimental court-martial is ordered to sit to-morrow, ten 
 o’clock, on Samuel Bartlett, of the company late Captain Callender’s, 
 and Colonel Gridley’s regiment, confined for abusive behavior. 
 
 12. A general court-martial to sit to-morrow, ten o’clock, a.m., for 
 the trial of Thomas Domily, charged with stealing. Each of the above 
 prisoners to have notice to-day ; and the witnesses in like manner 
 ordered to attend. 
 
 13. In order that all the sick and wounded in the army may be 
 provided for and taken care of in the best way and manner possible, it 
 is ordered, that when any officer or soldier is so ill, either by a wound 
 or otherwise, that the surgeon of the regiment to which he belongs 
 finds he cannot be properly taken care of in such regiment, such sur- 
 geon shall send him to the camp hospital to which they belong, with a 
 certificate, the man’s name, the company and regiment to which he 
 belongs, &c. ; and, in that case, the surgeon of the hospital shall receive 
 the said sick and wounded. And in case such hospital shall be too 
 full, in that case the surgeon of said hospital shall send such of his 
 patients as may be removed with safety to the hospital at Watertown, 
 with the like certificate as above; on which the surgeon of Watertown 
 hospital is to receive and take care of him. 
 
 Head-quarters, July 8 th, 1775. 
 
 By his Excellency General Washington. 
 
 General Orders. 
 
 Parole, “ Essex ” ; countersign, “ Falkland.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Glover. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Poor. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Hardy. 
 
 Ordered, 1. That the main guard on no account whatever be with- 
 
46 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 out a drum, which is to beat to arms on any alarm, and followed by 
 all the drums in the camp, on which every officer and soldier is to 
 repair to the alarm post. 
 
 2. The commanding officer of each regiment or corps in Cambridge, 
 as soon as the men are paraded after an alarm, to send an officer to 
 head-quarters for orders. 
 
 3. The commanding officers at Roxbury, Prospect Hill, Winter Hill, 
 and Sewall’s Point to send expresses, in case of an alarm, to head- 
 quarters, with an account of the situation and movements of the enemy. 
 If they are not each provided with a horse for that purpose, the 
 Adjutant-General to apply to the Committee of Supplies. 
 
 4. Colonel Gridley of the artillery, or the next in command, to give 
 in a return of his men, stores, and ammunition, agreeable to the order 
 of the 4th instant, and to distinguish the posts to which his regiment is 
 assigned in case of alarm. The direction is given as to the return of 
 men, ammunition, &c., to the commanding officer of the regiments late 
 Colonel Gardiner’s, of Colonel Glover’s, and Colonel Gerrish’s, who 
 have omitted complying with the above order hitherto. 
 
 5. The commanding officers at Winter Hill, Prospect Hill, and 
 Roxbury are to make particular inquiry into the ammunition of the 
 men in those lines, and, if there is any deficiency, immediately to report 
 it to the General at head-quarters. 
 
 6. A general court-martial is ordered to sit on Monday next, ten 
 o’clock, for the trial of Lieutenant Brigham, charged with rescuing a 
 person from lawful custody. The prisoner to have notice to-day. 
 
 Head-quarters , Cambridge , July 9 th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Effingham ” ; countersign, “Watertown.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Bricket. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Brooks. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Gibbs. 
 
 • The Continental Congress having been pleased to appoint Horatio 
 Gates, Esq., brigadier-general and adjutant-general of the army, he 
 is to be obeyed as such ; and all orders transmitted through him from 
 the Commander-in-chief, whether written or verbal, are to be punct- 
 ually and immediately obeyed. 
 
 All soldiers more than two a company, who are at present absent 
 upon furlough, and all officers, non-commissioned officers, and soldiers, 
 who have not joined their respective corps, to be ordered forthwith to 
 camp ; the commanding officers of corps to be answerable to the Gen- 
 eral, to an immediate obedience to these orders. 
 
 The General (or, in bis absence, the commanding officer at Rox- 
 bury) to send a report every day in writing, sealed up, to the Com- 
 mander-in-chief, at head-quarters, in Cambridge, of all the material 
 occurrences of the preceding day, mentioning particularly all arrivals 
 of ships and vessels in the bay, and what changes and alterations are 
 made in the stations of the men-of-war, trausuorts, and floating bat- 
 teries, &c. 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 47 
 
 Head-quarters at Cambridge , July 1 Oth, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Frederick”; countersign, “ Gloucester.” 
 
 Officer for the day, to-morrow, Colonel Bridge. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Lieut. -Colonel Robinson. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Fox. 
 
 The general court-martial of which Colonel William Prescott was 
 president having tried William Pattin, of Colonel Gridley’s regiment, 
 having found him guilty of threatening and abusing a number of per- 
 sons when prisoner in the quarter guard, the court sentence the prisoner 
 to ride the wooden horse fifteen minutes. The General approves the 
 sentence, and orders it to be put in execution at the head of the regi- 
 ment. 
 
 David Wells, soldier in Colonel Gridley’s regiment, tried by the 
 above-mentioned general court-martial for sleeping upon his post when 
 sentry, is acquitted by the court. 
 
 No non-commissioned officers, soldiers, but such as are guilty of 
 capital offences, to be confined in the main guard. All those guilty of 
 crimes triable by a regimental court-martial to be sent to the quarter 
 guards of their respective corps, to be tried by a regimental court- 
 martial. 
 
 The general court-martial whereof Colonel W m Prescott is presi- 
 dent to sit again this day, at the usual hour ; all evidences and persons 
 concerned to attend the court. 
 
 Whenever a general court-martial is ordered, it is expected that the 
 evidences and persons by whom the prisoners are confined do punct- 
 ually attend to support the accusation, as they will answer the contrary 
 at their peril. 
 
 The colonels of the Massachusetts regiments to order one subaltern 
 from each company in their respective corps forthwith upon the 
 recruiting service. Proper instructions will be given by the Adjutant- 
 General to the officers ordered upon that service ; they will therefore 
 call at head-quarters as soon as possible to receive their instructions. 
 The General recommends it to the colonels of regiments to send 
 active and vigilant officers upon this service, and those who are most 
 in esteem with the people in the district they are sent to recruit in. 
 
 Head-quarters, Cambridge, July 1 1th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Guilford countersign, “ Hartford.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Glover. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Colonel Robinson. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Hardy. 
 
 General Orders. — 1 . The general court-martial of which 
 Colonel W m Prescott was president is dissolved. A general court- 
 martial is to be assembled as soon as possible, to try such persons as 
 shall be brought before them ; all evidences and persons concerned to 
 attend the court. 
 
 2. The General understanding there is a bad custom prevailing of 
 the non-commissioned officers and soldiers absenting themselves from 
 
48 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 guard, under a pretence of going for provisions, it is therefore ordered, 
 that all officers and soldiers bring their provisions to the guard they 
 mount, and on no pretence quit their guard till it is regularly dis- 
 missed. 
 
 3. Notwithstanding the order of the Provincial Congress, some per- 
 sons are so daring as to supply the soldiers with immoderate quantities 
 of rum, and other spirituous liquors. [If] any sutler, tavern-keeper, or 
 licensed innholder, shall presume, after the date of this order, to sell to 
 any non-commissioned officer or soldier any spirituous liquors whatso- 
 ever, without an order from the captain of the company to which such 
 non-commissioned officer or soldier belongs, he or they so offending 
 may expect to be severely punished. 
 
 Lieut. -Colonel Ward to be president of the general court-martial. 
 
 July 12th. 
 
 Parole, “ Falmouth ” ; countersign, “Worcester.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Prescott. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Poor. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Gibbs. 
 
 General Orders. — The Adjutant- General will deliver at orderly 
 time a certain number of printed returns to the adjutant of each 
 regiment, so that for the future no excuse can be admitted for not 
 making exact and regular returns when demanded. As it is only 
 filling up the blanks with the proper numbers to be placed in them, 
 the Commander-in-chief will not for the future admit of any palliation 
 for making a false return, and is resolved to bring any officer, of what 
 rank so ever, to a court-martial, who is found delinquent. 
 
 When any trumpeter or flag of truce is sent from Boston, or any 
 post occupied by the enemy, they are to be stopped by the first sentry 
 they are permitted to approach, who is to call for the sergeant of the 
 guard, who will conduct them to the officer of his guard ; and such 
 trumpeter or flag of truce is not to be allowed to pass one step beyond 
 that guard. The officer commanding that guard will send any letters 
 or messages brought from the enemy immediately to the Commander- 
 in-chief, and [to] no other person. 
 
 A general court-martial of line to sit at head-quarters at Cambridge 
 to-morrow morning, at nine o’clock, to try Colonel Scammons, of the 
 Massachusetts forces, accused of backwardness in the execution of his 
 duty in the late action upon Bunker’s Hill ; the adjutant of Colonel 
 Scammons’s regiment to warn all evidences and persons concerned to 
 attend the court. 
 
 Colonel Nixon, president of above court. 
 
 July 13 th. 
 
 Parole, “ Georgia ” ; countersign, “ Huntington.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Bricket. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Woods. 
 
 Adjutant, Tyler. 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 49 
 
 General Orders. — As the army will forthwith he formed into 
 brigades, the Adjutant-General will, at orderly time, this day deliver 
 to the adjutant of each regiment a number of printed returns, one of 
 which must be immediately tilled up and signed by the commanding 
 officer of each regiment, and sent as soon as possible to the Adjutant- 
 General, by the adjutant of each regiment. On the back of the re- 
 turn it will be necessary to mention where and in what manner the 
 regiment is at present posted. 
 
 The commanding officer at Chelsea is, as soon as possible after the 
 receipt of this order, to direct all the cattle at Pulling Point, Shirley 
 Point, and the intermediate place between Powderhorn Hill and the 
 sea, to be driven off. 
 
 And it is recommended to the Commissary-General to endeavor to 
 agree with the owners of said cattle to purchase them for the use of 
 the army. 
 
 Head-quarters, July 14 th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “Halifax”; countersign, “Inverness.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Bridge. 
 
 Officer of the main guard. Major Brooks. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Fox. 
 
 As the health of an army principally depends upon cleanliness, it is 
 recommended in the strongest manner to the commanding officer of 
 corps, posts, and detachments, to be strictly diligent in ordering the 
 necessaries to be filled up once a week, and new ones dug ; the streets 
 of the lines and encampments to be swept daily, and all offal and 
 carrion near the camp to be immediately buried. The officers com- 
 manding in barracks or quarters to be answerable that they are swept 
 every morning, and all filth and dirt to be removed from about the 
 houses. 
 
 Next to cleanliness, nothing is more conducive to a soldier’s health 
 than dressing his provision in a decent and proper maimer ; the offi- 
 cers commanding companies should therefore daily inspect the camp 
 kitchens, and see that the men dress their provisions in a wholesome 
 way. 
 
 The commanding officer of those parts of the lines and of redoubts 
 where pikes are placed will order the quartermaster of corps to see 
 the pikes greased twice a week. They are to be answerable that the 
 pikes are kept clean, and always fit and ready for service. 
 
 The General, observing great remissness and neglect in the several 
 guards in and about the camp, orders the officer commanding any 
 guard to turn out his guard immediately upon the near approach of 
 the Commander-in-chief, or of any of the general officers : and, upon 
 passing the guard, the Commander-in-chief is to be received with 
 rested arms, the officers to salute, and the drums to beat a march ; 
 the Major-General, with rested arms, the officer to salute, and the 
 drums to beat two ruffles ; the Brigadier-Generals, with rested arms, 
 the officer to salute, and the drums to beat one ruffle. 
 
 There being something awkward as well as improper in the general 
 
50 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 officers being stopped at the outposts, asked for guard (who it some- 
 times happens is as much unacquainted with the person of the gen- 
 erals, as the private men), before they can pass either in or out, it is 
 recommended to both officers and men to make themselves acquainted 
 with the persons of all the officers in general command; and in the 
 meanwhile, to prevent mistakes, the general officers and their aides-de- 
 camp will be distinguished in the following manner : viz., the Com- 
 mander-in-chief, by a blue ribbon worn across his breast, between his 
 coat and waistcoat ; the Major and Brigadiers-General, by a pink 
 ribbon worn in like manner ; the aide-de-camp, by a green ribbon. 
 
 The court-martial of which Colonel Ward was president is dis- 
 solved. 
 
 Daniel Carmicle, soldier in Colonel Paterson’s regiment, tried for 
 disobedience to orders, for re-enlisting and taking advance money 
 twice, and for drunkenness, is found guilty of the several charges, and 
 ordered to be whipped on the bare back, with thirty-nine lashes, and 
 discharged from the army. The General approves the sentence, 
 and orders it to be executed to-morrow morning, at the head of the 
 regiment he belongs to. 
 
 July 15 th. 
 
 Parole, “ Virginia ” ; countersign, “ Maryland.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Glover. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Lee. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Hardy. 
 
 Orders. — 1 . The commanding officer of each regiment to report 
 the names of such men in their respective corps as are most expert in 
 the management of whale-boats. 
 
 2. When any commissioned or non-commissioned officer is sent 
 upon any detachment, duty of honor, fatigue, or to see the execution 
 of any particular work, he is, so soon as the work is performed, to 
 make report thereof to the commanding officer. 
 
 3. It being found advantageous to the public service to remove 
 sundry horn cattle and sheep from the grounds near which they were 
 grazing, near Chelsea (to prevent their falling into the enemy’s hands), 
 it is earnestly recommended to the several commissioners to purchase 
 such of them as are fit for slaughter, of the owners, in order that they 
 may suffer the least loss possible, from the unavoidable necessity of 
 removing them from [the] rapacious jaws of our enemies. 
 
 4. Colonel Gridley, chief engineer, is desired to report what chevaux- 
 de-frise are made, and [in] what forwardness those are that are now 
 making. It is necessary those upon hand be completed without 
 delay. 
 
 5. Notwithstanding the orders already given, the General hears 
 with astonishment that not only soldiers, but officers unauthorized, are 
 continually conversing with the officers and soldiers of the enemy. 
 Any officer, non-commissioned officer, soldier, or any person whatso- 
 ever, who is detected holding any conversation, or carrying on any 
 correspondence, with any officers or sentries of the advanced posts 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 51 
 
 cf the enemy, will be immediately brought before a general court- 
 martial. and punished with the utmost severity. The General alone 
 is to judge of any propriety of any intercourse with the enemy, and 
 no one else is to presume to interfere. 
 
 6. The chief engineer, Colonel Gridley, to order an engineer and a 
 field-officer of artillery to go round the lines and redoubts, to examine 
 if the guns are placed properly in the embrasures, and if the embras- 
 ures were properly made, and properly sloped toward the country. The 
 engineer and artillery officers to report to the Commander-in-chief, as 
 soon as they have obeyed this order. 
 
 Head-quarters at Cambridge, July 16 th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Carolina ” ; countersign, “ Springfield.” 
 
 Officer of the day, to-morrow, Colouel Prescott. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Lieut.-Colonel Johonnot. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Tyler. 
 
 General Orders.- — The Continental Congress having earnestly 
 recommended that Thursday next, the 20th instant, be observed by 
 the inhabitants of all the English colonies upon the continent as a 
 day of public fasting, humiliation, and prayer, that they may with 
 united hearts and voices unfeignedly confess their sins before God, and 
 supplicate the all-wise and merciful Disposer of Events to avoid the 
 devastations and calamities of an unnatural war, the General orders 
 that day to be religiously observed by the forces under his command, 
 in manner exactly directed bv the proclamation of the Continental 
 Congress. It is therefore strictly enjoined on all officers and soldiers 
 not upon duty to attend divine service at their accustomed places of 
 worship, as well in the lines as in the encampments and quarters ; and 
 it is expected that all those who do go to worship, do take their arms, 
 ammunition, and accoutrements, and are prepared for immediate 
 action, if called upon. If, in the judgment of the officers, the works 
 should be in such forwardness as the utmost security of the camp 
 requires, they will command their men to abstain from labor on that 
 solemn day. 
 
 It was with much surprise and concern that the General, in passing 
 along the New Hampshire lines yesterday, observed a most wanton, 
 mischievous, and unprofitable abuse of property, in the destruction of 
 many valuable trees which were standing on the side of the road, out 
 of the way of our works or guns ; lie therefore orders that an effect- 
 ual stop be put to such practices for the future. A severe punishment 
 will fall upon the transgressors of this order. 
 
 William Palfrey, Esq., is appointed aide-de-camp to Major General 
 Lee. All orders, whether written or verbal, coming from General 
 Lee, and delivered by Captain Palfrey, are to be punctually obeyed. 
 
 A particular return to be delivered to the Adjutant-General to- 
 morrow, at orderly time, of the regiment of artillery, distinguishing 
 how every man and officer in the corps is at present employed, and 
 where posted. 
 
52 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 tOct. 
 
 Head-quarters at Cambridge, July 11th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Boston ” ; countersign, “ Salem.” 
 
 Officer for the day, to-morrow, Colonel Brickett. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Woods. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Gibbs. 
 
 General Orders. — There is reason to apprehend that the gen- 
 eral orders are not published to the non-commissioned officers and 
 soldiers of the army. As pleading ignorance of orders will not for the 
 future be admitted in excuse for any delinquency, it is once more 
 ordered that the adjutants of the several corps will be exact in seeing 
 the orders read every evening to the men off duty of their respective 
 corps, as they may depend upon answering before a court-martial for 
 any neglect in obeying this order. 
 
 The general court-martial whereof Colonel John Nixon is president, 
 to sit again to-morrow morning at eight o’clock, to try such prisoners 
 as shall be brought before them. All evidences and persons concerned 
 to attend the court. 
 
 There being a great neglect in sending in the returns to the Adju- 
 tant-General, as directed by the general orders of Friday last (espe- 
 cially from the regiment* posted in Roxbury), the General assures 
 commanders of corps from whom returns are expected that he will 
 not for the future pass over the slightest neglect in sending returns to 
 the head-quarters at the time directed by the general orders. If there 
 is any remissness in the adjutants, the colonels will not do their duty, 
 if they do not confine the transgressors forthwith. 
 
 After Orders. — Captain Benjamin Perkins, of Colonel Little’s 
 regiment, confined by Colonel Doolittle for assisting and abetting 
 soldiers to mutiny in rescuing a prisoner from the quarter guard of 
 Colonel Doolittle’s regiment, is to be tried to-morrow morning by the 
 general court-martial whereof Colonel Nixon is president. All evi- 
 dences and persons concerned to attend the court. 
 
 Camp before Boston, July 1 8th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “Wilmington”; countersign, “ Chester.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Bridge. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Poor. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Fox. 
 
 General Orders. — As the chevaux-de-frise are not in readiness, 
 the officers commanding the different lines and redoubts are, as speedily 
 as possible, to provide a sufficient number of gabions, which are to lay 
 empty at the entrances of the respective posts, in order to be filled up 
 as occasions may require. General Putnam will forthwith order his 
 post to be furnished with a large quantity of fasciues. 
 
 The officers commanding the different posts to send an exact return 
 to head-quarters this afternoon of all the intrenching tools in their 
 
 * Fenno’s Orderly Rook reads “ regiments.” The copy in 4 Force’s “ Amer- 
 ican Archives,” II., 1708, has “the regiments posted in and near Roxbury.” 
 — Eds. 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 53 
 
 possession, — spades, pickaxes, wheel-barrows, axes, and crow-bars ; 
 and to mention the number and quantity of any of those implements 
 that are still wanting to carry on their respective works. 
 
 Five captains, twelve subalterns, twelve sergeants, and three hun- 
 dred rank and file to parade to-morrow morning immediately after 
 divine service, from the regiments now stationed in Cambridge, as a 
 working party to assist in raising the New Hampshire lines. 
 
 Colonel James Scammons, of the Massachusetts Bay forces, tried by 
 the general court-martial of which Colonel John Nixon was president, 
 for disobedience to orders and backwardness in the execution of duty, 
 the court, after duly examining the evidence for and against the pris- 
 oner, together with what the prisoner had to say in his own defence, 
 are of opinion that Colonel Scammons is not guilty of the crimes 
 whereof he was accused, and therefore do acquit the prisoner. 
 
 Colonel Scammons to be immediately released from his arrest. 
 
 If, after what has happened, the enemy in revenge for their late losses 
 should dare to attempt forcing our lines, the army may be assured that 
 nothing but their own indolence and remissness can give the least hope 
 of success to so rash an enterprise; it is therefore strongly recommended 
 to the commanding officers of corps, guards, and detachments, that they 
 be assiduously alert in parading their men at their several posts half an 
 hour before daybreak, and remain there till the commanding officer 
 thinks proper to dismiss them. 
 
 The General hears with astonishment the very frequent applica- 
 tions that are made to him, as well by officers as by soldiers, for 
 furloughs. Brave men, who are engaged in the noble cause of liberty, 
 should never think of removing from their camp while the enemy is in 
 sight, and anxious to take every advantage any indiscretion on our side 
 may give them. The General doubts not but that the commanding 
 officers of corps will anticipate his wishes, and discourage those under 
 them from disgracefully desiring to go home, until the campaign is 
 ended. 
 
 Head-quarters, Cambridge, July V.)th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Derby ” ; countersign, “ Marblehead.” 
 
 Officer for the day for to-morrow, Colonel Glover. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Brooks. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Hardy. 
 
 Head-quarters, Cambridge, July "20th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “Albany”; countersign, “ Ticonderoga.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Brickett. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Lee. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Tyler. 
 
 Certain drums in and near Cambridge very improperly beat the 
 reveille this morning before day; although the troops are ordered to be 
 under arms half an hour before daylight, it does not follow that the 
 drums are to beat at that time. The reveille is to beat when a sentry 
 can see clearly one thousand yards around him, and not before. 
 
 All aides-de-camp and majors of brigades are to keep regularly 
 
54 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 entered in a hook all the general orders of the army, as well as those 
 of the brigade they belong to, as the General-in-chief will not for the 
 future admit as an excuse for the breach of orders the plea of not 
 knowing them. 
 
 Samuel Osgood, Esq., and Joseph Ward, Esq., being appointed 
 aides-de-camp to Major-General Ward, they are to he obeyed as such. 
 As all orders coming from aides-de-camp are to be considered as the 
 orders of their respective generals, and, whether written or verbal, to 
 be forthwith obeyed, it may be necessary once more to repeat to the 
 army, that every aide-de-camp and major of brigade will be distin- 
 guished by a green ribbon. 
 
 Certain corps having been dilatory in delivering last Saturday their 
 weekly returns, as positively directed by former orders, the General is 
 determined for the future not to excuse any neglect in sending the 
 returns every Saturday to the Adjutant-General. As the commanding 
 officers of regiments are to be answerable for the due observance of 
 this order, it is expected they are exact in obliging their respective 
 adjutants to fulfil their duty. 
 
 Head-quarters , July 21st, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Malden ” ; countersign, “ Chelsea.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Johonnot. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Woods. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Gibbs. 
 
 Head-quarters at Cambridge , July 22 d, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Nantasket ” ; countersign, “ Mississippi.” 
 
 A court of inquiry to sit forthwith (president, Dr. Foster; Dr. 
 Warren and Dr. Eustace, members), to examine into a complaint 
 exhibited by Mr. John Spaulding, surgeon to General Putnam’s regi- 
 ment, against Mr. Penuel Chiney, surgeon’s mate of said regiment ; 
 all evidences to attend the court. 
 
 Captain Israel Putnam and Lieutenant Sam 1 Webb, being appointed 
 aides-de-camp to Major-General Putnam, they are to be obeyed as 
 such. 
 
 Regularity and due subordination being so essentially necessary to 
 the good order and government of an army, and without it the whole 
 must soon become a scene of disorder and confusion, the General finds 
 it indispensably necessary, without waiting any longer for despatches 
 from the General Continental Congress, immediately to form the army 
 into three grand divisions, and of dividing each of those three grand 
 divisions into two brigades. He therefore orders that the following 
 regiments, viz. : — 
 
 General Ward’s, General Thomas’s, Colonel Fellows’s, Colonel 
 Cotton’s, Colonel Danielson’s, Colonel David Brewer’s, compose one 
 brigade, and be under the command of Brigadier-General Thomas. 
 That General Spencer’s, Colonel Parsons’s, Colonel Learnard’s, 
 Colonel Walker’s, Colonel J. Read’s, Independents, compose another 
 brigade, commanded by Brigadier-General Spencer. That these two 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 55 
 
 brigades compose the right wing, or division, in the army, and be under 
 the command of Major-General Ward, and remain at Roxbury and its 
 southern dependencies. 
 
 That Colonel Stark's, Colonel Poor’s, Colonel Bond’s (New Hamp- 
 shire), Colonel Nixon’s, Colonel Mansfield’s, Colonel Doolittle’s (Massa- 
 chusetts), be formed into another brigade, under the command of 
 Brigadier- General Sullivan, and posted on Winter Hill. That Colonel 
 Varnum’s, Colonel Hitchcock’s, Colonel Church’s (Rhode Island), 
 Colonel Whitcomb’s, Colonel Gardner’s, Colonel J. Brewer’s (Massa- 
 chusetts), be formed into another brigade, and commanded by Brig- 
 adier-General Green, and posted upon Prospect Hill. And these two 
 brigades compose the left wing, or second division, of the army, under 
 the command of Major-General Lee. 
 
 That General Heath’s, Colonel Patterson’s, Colonel Scammons’s, 
 Colonel Gerrish’s, Colonel Phinney’s, Colonel Prescott’s, be formed 
 into another brigade, and commanded by Brigadier- General Heath, 
 and be posted between Cambridge River and Prospect Hill. That 
 General Putnam’s, Colonel Glover’s, Colonel Frye’s, Colonel Bridge’s, 
 Colonel Woodbridge’s, Colonel Sargeant’s, be formed into another 
 brigade, under the command of the senior officer therein, and until 
 the pleasure of the Continental Congress be known. These two 
 brigades to be under the command of Major-General Putnam, as also 
 a corps-de-reserve for the defence of the several posts north of Rox- 
 bury, not already named. The arrangement now ordered to take 
 place, and is to be made as speedily as possible ; and the major- 
 generals are to see it done accordingly. Some inconveniences may 
 arise to certain individuals by this change ; but as the good of the 
 service requires it to be made, an alert and ready compliance is ex- 
 pected. All applications from henceforward, by officers or soldiers, 
 for leave of absence, are to be made to the major-general commanding 
 each division, who is to judge of the propriety of the application, and 
 grant furloughs where they see cause, without applying to the Com- 
 mander-in-chief ; provided it be not contrary to general orders. 
 
 General Heath’s regiment is to take post at No. 2, in lieu of General 
 Ward’s; Colonel Patterson’s, remain at No. 3; [Colonel Scammons’s]* 
 to occupy No. 1 and the redoubt between that and No. 2 ; Colonel 
 Gerrish's f regiment to take post at the redoubt upon Sewall’s Point ; 
 Colonel Gerrish’s regiment to furnish the companies for Chelsea, Mal- 
 den, and Medford. 
 
 Head-quarters at Cambridge , July 23 d, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Brunswick” ; countersign, “ Princetown.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Glover. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Brooks. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Hardy. 
 
 * Supplied from the copy of this day’s orders in 4 Force’s “ American Ar- 
 chives,” II., 1738. The copy in Fenno’s Orderly Book is incomplete. — Eds. 
 
 t The copy in Force, ut supra, reads “ Prescott’s ” instead of “ Gerrish’s.” 
 — Eds 
 
56 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 As tlie Continental army has unfortunately no uniform, and conse- 
 quently many inconveniences must arise from not being able always 
 to distinguish commissioned officers from the non-commissioned, and 
 the non-commissioned from the privates, it is desired that some badges 
 of distinction may be immediately provided : for instance, the field- 
 officers may have red or pink colored cockades in their hats ; the 
 captains, yellow or buff; and the subalterns, green. They are to furnish 
 themselves accordingly. The sergeants may be distinguished by an 
 epaulet, or stripe of red cloth sewed upon the right shoulder ; the 
 corporals, by one of green. 
 
 The people employed to make spears are desired by the General 
 to made four dozen of them immediately, thirteen feet in length, and 
 the wood part a good deal more substantial than those already made, 
 particularly in the New Hampshire lines. [They] are ridiculously 
 short and slight, and can answer no sort of purpose ; no more are, there- 
 fore, to be made on the same model. 
 
 The commanding officers of the different works and posts are once 
 more enjoined to furnish themselves with a sufficient number of gabi- 
 ons and fascines, which are to stop up the entrance of their respective 
 redoubts and lines, and to repair their works which may be either dam- 
 aged by the weather or by the fire of the enemy. It is observed that 
 several of the entrances of the redoubts are still left open, without any 
 sort of defence ; the commanding officers of each redoubt are therefore 
 ordered to cut a wide, dee]) ditch at the entrances, and throw a bridge 
 of strong plank across. This to be done without delay. 
 
 John Davis, in Captain Foster’s company, in Colonel Gridley’s 
 regiment of artillery, tried for desertion, and suspicion of intending to 
 go to the enemy, is acquitted by the general court-martial. Ensign 
 Trofton, accused by Colonel Scammons of abusive and insulting lan- 
 guage to the said Colonel Scammons while under arrest, tried by a 
 general court-martial, of which Colonel Nixon was president; the 
 court were unanimously of opinion that the prisoner is not guilty, and 
 do therefore acquit him, with honor. Lieutenant Trofton to be forth- 
 with released from his arrest. 
 
 Michael Bury, Captain Parker’s company, and Colonel Prescott’s 
 regiment, tried by the same general court-martial for refusing his duty, 
 and enlisting in another company ; the court condemns the prisoner, 
 and orders him to receive thirty-nine lashes. The General orders the 
 sentence to be put in execution at the head of the regiment the delin- 
 quent belongs to. 
 
 Colonel Little’s regiment, omitted in yesterday’s orders, is in General 
 Green’s brigade, and to be posted on Prospect Hill. 
 
 Head-quarters at Cambridge, July 2 ith, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Salisbury ” ; countersign, “ Cumberland.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Golonel Prescott. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Lee. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Tyler. 
 
 It being thought proper to distinguish the majors from the brigadiers- 
 
1876 .] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 57 
 
 general by some particular mark, for the future the major-general will 
 wear a broad purple ribbon. 
 
 Notwithstanding the general orders making the distinction of gen- 
 eral officers, aides-de-camp, &c., the generals are frequently stopped by 
 the sentinels, which can only happen from the captains having neg- 
 lected to read the orders to their respective companies. If any general 
 officer, aide-de-camp, or major of brigade, is again stopped through the 
 ignorance of the sentinels, the captains will be considered as respon- 
 sible. 
 
 As any attempt the enemy from their late disappointments may 
 have the rashness or the hardiness to make will be violent and sud- 
 den, the General expects the officers and soldiers will be not only 
 resolute, but alert to defeat ; and, in a particular manner, he enforces 
 his orders to every field-officer, upon no account (duty excepted) to 
 lay out of camp, but upon every occasion to show by their example 
 that activity and steady courage so necessary to defeat an enterprising 
 enemy. 
 
 Notwithstanding the orders of the 11th instant, expressly forbidding 
 all officers and soldiers from quitting their guard before they are re- 
 lieved and dismissed, the General is informed such unsoldierly prac- 
 tices are still committed ; he therefore admonishes all officers and 
 non-commissioned officers not to suffer any person to quit their guard 
 upon any pretence ; care to be taken the men are properly supplied 
 with provisions before they mount guard. 
 
 Report being made this morning to the General that the main 
 guard-room is kept abominably filthy and dirty ; for the future no 
 commanding officer is to i-elieve another upon that guard until he is 
 assured the officers’ and men’s apartments are clean and in decent 
 order. 
 
 The surgeon of every regiment in the lines, redoubts, or in and 
 near Cambridge, to deliver to-morrow, at twelve at noon, to the Adju- 
 tant-General at head-quarters, an exact return of the sick in the regi- 
 ments they respectively belong to. The names, rank, and disorder of 
 each officer, non-commissioned officer, and soldier, to be mentioned in 
 the return. 
 
 The returns of the surgeon of the corps stationed in and near Rox- 
 bury to be made to the commanding general at Roxbury Tuesday 
 noon, in the manner and form directed by the above order, and the 
 general commanding at Roxbury will transmit them to head-quarters 
 at orderly time Wednesday. 
 
 Cambridge , July 25th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Halifax” ; countersign, “ York.” 
 
 Continual complaints being made that soldiers of regiments and 
 companies, after enlisting in one company and regiment, have gone and 
 enlisted in another ; insomuch [that] it would engross the General’s 
 whole time to hear the disputes upon this subject, for the future, any 
 officers who have any dispute in regard to the men recruited are to 
 
58 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 apply to the brigadier commanding their brigade, who will order a 
 court-martial of the brigade to hear and determine the matter. 
 
 The general court-martial of which Colonel Nixon was president to 
 be dissolved this evening, and another general court-martial of the 
 lines to sit to-morrow morning at the usual time and place, to try such 
 prisoners as shall be brought before them. All evidences and persons 
 concerned to attend. 
 
 Head-quarters , Cambridge, July 26 th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Amsterdam ” ; countersign, “ Amboy.” 
 
 It is recommended to the commanding officers of corps that all 
 coverings made of boards [be] built in the form of barracks, and in 
 the most advantageous manner, at the same time so contrived as to be 
 warm and comfortable in cold weather. 
 
 All passes to be discontinued for the future, and no person to be 
 admitted into the lines, unless introduced by an officer who can vouch 
 for him, or by order of the officer commanding in the lines. 
 
 It being represented that the present hospital is not large enough to 
 contain the sick, Lieutenant-Governor Oliver’s house is to be cleared 
 for that purpose, and care to be taken that no injury is done to it. 
 
 Notwithstanding the strict and repeated orders that have been given 
 against firing of small arms, it is hourly practised. All officers com- 
 manding guards, posts, and detachments to be alert in apprehending 
 all future transgressors. 
 
 Captain Clark, of General Putnam’s regiment, confined in arrest for 
 a neglect of duty when upon guard, tried by a late general court- 
 martial, is acquitted, and immediately to be released from his arrest. 
 
 Levi Wood, soldier in Captain Nutting’s company, in Colonel 
 Prescott’s regiment, confined for absenting himself without leave, and 
 refusing to take the oath, and threatening to leave the army, the court- 
 martial, upon the prisoner’s pleading guilty, and promising to behave 
 obediently for the future, recommended him to the General’s mercy, 
 who is pleased to pardon the prisoner. 
 
 Head-quarters, Cambridge, July 27th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Bedford ” ; countersign, “ Goilford.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, . 
 
 Officer of the main guard, . 
 
 Adjutant of the day, . 
 
 John Trumbull, Esq., being appointed aide-de-camp to his Excellency 
 the Commander-in-chief, he is to be obeyed as such. 
 
 A court of inquiry to sit to-morrow morning, at eight o’clock, in the 
 tutor’s chamber (Mr. Hall’s), to examine into a complaint, exhibited 
 upon oath, in the public newspapers, against Mr. Benjamin Whiting, a 
 prisoner in the college. All evidences and persons concerned to 
 attend the court. 
 
 For the future, when any deserters come to the out-guards, they are 
 without the least delay to be sent by a corporal's guard to the next 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 59 
 
 guard in the lines, who is immediately to escort them in the same 
 maimer to the major-general commanding that division of the army, 
 who, as soon as he has examined them, will forthwith send them under 
 a proper escort from his guard to the head-quarters. Some of the de- 
 serters being made drunk who came last night from the enemy, before 
 they reached head-quarters, it will be considered as a breach of orders 
 in any person who gives rum to deserters, before they are examined 
 by the General. 
 
 A subaltern officer’s guard to be mounted to-morrow morning at 
 eight o’clock, at a certain distance from the small-pox hospital ; the 
 officer to come this evening at six o’clock to the Adjutant-General 
 for orders. 
 
 Head-quarters , July 28 th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “Cumberland”; countersign, “Brookline.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, . 
 
 Officer of the main guard, . 
 
 Adjutant of the day, — — . 
 
 The surgeons of Learnard’s, Heath’s, Little’s, Phinney’s, and Par- 
 son’s regiments having neglected to deliver in the returns of the sick 
 of their respective regiments to the Adjutant-General, those returns 
 to be delivered forthwith, and the surgeons of those corps are to be 
 exact in obedience to orders. 
 
 Head-quarters , July 2 9th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Dartmouth ” ; countersign, “ Cork.” 
 
 A sergeant and six men to parade at the head-quarters, at eleven 
 o’clock, to escort certain prisoners and deserters to Worcester ; this 
 party to be victualled for this day and to-morrow. The sergeant will 
 receive his orders from the Adjutant-General. 
 
 Mr. Benjamin Whiting, tried by a court of inquiry, ordered in the 
 general orders of the 27th instant, whereof Lieut.-Colonel Bric.kett 
 was president. The court having maturely considered the evidence 
 for and against the prisoner, as well as what the prisoner had to offer 
 in his defence, are of opinion that the prisoner is not guilty of the 
 crime laid to his charge, and do therefore acquit the prisoner. The 
 General therefore orders the prisoner to be released. 
 
 James McDaniel, tried by a general court-martial, whereof Colonel 
 Glover is president, for forging an order of General Putnam’s to ob- 
 tain a quart of rum, and for abusive language to Colonel Gridley, is 
 found guilty, and ordered to receive twenty lashes. The General 
 confirms the sentence, and orders it to be executed after prayer-time 
 to-morrow. 
 
 James Foster, of Captain Butler’s company, in Colonel Nixon’s 
 regiment, tried by the same general court-martial for robbing Dr. 
 Foster, surgeon of the general hospital, being found guilty of the 
 charge, is sentenced to receive thirty-nine lashes, and to suffer one 
 month’s fatigue. The General approves the sentence, and orders it to 
 
60 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 be put in execution at the head of the regiment, after prayer-time to- 
 morrow morning. 
 
 W m Winslow, of Captain Perkins’s company of artillery, tried by the 
 same court-martial for stealing a common cartridge of powder, is 
 acquitted. 
 
 Head-quarters , July 30 th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “Essex”; countersign, “ Dublin.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Prescott. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Woods. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Gibbs. 
 
 William Tudor, Esq., being appointed judge-advocate of the Con- 
 tinental Army, he is in all things relative to his office to be acknowl- 
 edged and obeyed as such. 
 
 The drummers and fifers of the regiments in and about Cambridge 
 are to be ordered constantly to attend the drum-and-fife major, at the 
 usual hours, for instruction. 
 
 Head-quarters , July 31st, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Falkland ” ; countersign, “ Eldenton.”* 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Johonuot. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Poor. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, r Fox. 
 
 The Continental Congress having been pleased to appoint Joseph 
 Trumbull, Esq., to be commissary-general to the army of the United 
 Colonies, all commissaries heretofore appointed by any of the dis- 
 tinct Colonies’ Congresses, or by particular authority of any particular 
 districts or colony, are forthwith to make an exact return of the pro- 
 visions, and all the different species of provisions, they have in or near 
 the camps at Cambridge and Roxbury. Thereupon Commissary- 
 General Trumbull, being assured by the report of his clerk, assistant, 
 or from his own examination, that such return is just and true, is to 
 give his receipt for the quantity delivered into his hands ; which re- 
 ceipt will be a good voucher in the passing the account of the differ- 
 ent colony commissaries heretofore appointed, and will be allowed as 
 such. 
 
 The commissaries at present appointed by the several colonies are 
 forthwith to make up their accounts unto the third day of August, 
 inclusive, ready to be laid before the Commander-in-chief, and by him 
 transmitted to the Continental Congress, or to be adjusted, and finally 
 settled by him, as the Continental Congress shall think proper to 
 direct. 
 
 A return, signed by the commanding officers of regiments and corps, 
 to be delivered to the Adjutant-General to-morrow morning, at general 
 orderly-time, of the names, ranks, and dates of the officers’ commissions 
 
 * Fenno’s Orderly Book reads “Edentown.” In the copy in 4 Force’s 
 “American Archives,” III. 34, it is “ Edenton,” which is the modern spelling 
 of the name. — Eds. 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 61 
 
 in their respective regiments and corps, mentioning also the vacancies, 
 and how occasioned. 
 
 A general court-martial to sit immediately, to try Captain Gardner, 
 of Colonel Vernon’s regiment, for cowardice, abandoning his post, and 
 deserting his men.* All evidences and persons concerned to attend the 
 court. 
 
 Head-quarters, August lsf, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Gibralter ” ; countersign, “ Fairfield.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Johonnot. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Lee. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Fox. 
 
 The General thanks Major Tupper and the officers and soldiers 
 under his command for their gallant and soldierlike behavior in pos- 
 sessing themselves of the enemy’s post at the light-house, and for the 
 number of prisoners they took there, and doubts not but the Continen- 
 tal Army will be as famous for their mercy as their valor. 
 
 Two subalterns, two sergeants, one drum, and thirty rank and file, 
 to parade at head-quarters, at noon, to escort the prisoners to Worces- 
 ter. The commanding officer will receive his orders from the Adju- 
 tant-General. For the satisfaction of all concerned, the General directs 
 the following resolution of the legislature of this colony to be inserted 
 in general orders, viz. : — 
 
 In House of Representatives, 
 
 Watertown, July 29, 1775. 
 
 Whereas, sundry complaints have been made by some of the soldiers 
 raised by this colony, that they have not received the allowance pay of 
 forty shillings, agreeable to the resolution of Provincial Congress ; 
 therefore, 
 
 Resolved, That a committee be appointed forthwith to apply to the 
 colonels of the several regiments raised by this colony, and to the 
 muster-masters and pay-masters in the camps at Cambridge and Rox- 
 bury, and obtain of them a complete list of the non-commissioned 
 officers and soldiers in their respective regiments, distinguishing those 
 that have been mustered and paid from those that have not, that such 
 methods may be pursued as shall remove all just ground of complaint. 
 
 Read, and ordered, that Colonel Cushing and Mr. Webster, with 
 such as the honorable board shall join, be a committee for the purposes 
 above mentioned. 
 
 Sent up for concurrence. JaS WarreN; 
 
 In council, read and concurred, and Colonel Lincoln is joined. 
 
 Attest: P. Morton, Secretary. 
 
 The officers commanding Massachusetts regiments will pay all due 
 attention to the foregoing resolution. 
 
 o o 
 
 * Fenno’s Orderly Book lias “ Colonel Hitchcock’s regiment.” The copy in 
 4 Force’s “American Archives,” III. 34, has “Colonel Varnum’s regiment,” 
 which is correct. See also the general orders for August 2d, on the next page. 
 — Eds. 
 
62 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 One man in a company to be appointed a camp color-man, from 
 every company in every regiment in the army, whose particular duty 
 it must be to attend the quartermaster and quartermaster-sergeant; to 
 sweep the street of their respective encampments; to fill up the old 
 necessary bouses, and dig new ones ; to bury all offals, filth, and nasti- 
 ness that may poison or infect the health of the troops ; and the 
 quartermasters are to be answerable to their commanding officers for a 
 strict observance of this order, and, by persevering in the constant and 
 unremitted execution thereof, remove that odious reputation which 
 (with but too much reason) has stigmatized the character of American 
 troops. The colonels and commanding officers of regiments are to be 
 answerable to the General for all due obedience to this order. 
 
 'The General finding it not uncustomary for officers to take the 
 liberty of absenting themselves from camp without leave, and going 
 home, for the future any officer found guilty of so glaring an offence 
 against all order and discipline, and setting so bad an example to the 
 non-commissioned officers and soldiers under his command, such officer 
 or officers so offending may dejiend upon being punished with the 
 utmost severity. 
 
 Lest the late successes against the enemy should occasion any re- 
 laxation in the alertness of the troops, the General recommends it in 
 the strongest manner to all the officers and soldiers of the Continental 
 Army to be more vigilant in their duty, and watchful of the enemy, as 
 they will certainly take every advantage of any supineness on our part. 
 
 Head-quarters, August 2d, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “Halifax”; countersign, “ Geneva.” 
 
 Captain Oliver Parker, of Colonel Prescott’s regiment, tried by a 
 general court-martial, whereof Colonel Glover was president, for 
 defrauding his men of their advance pay, and by false returns imposing 
 upon the commissary, and drawing more rations than he had men in 
 his company, and for selling the provisions he by that means obtained, 
 is by the court found guilty of the whole charge against him, and 
 sentenced to be cashiered, mulcted of all bis pay, and rendered incapa- 
 ble of future service. 
 
 Captain Christopher Gardiner, of Colonel Varnum’s regiment, in the 
 Rhode Island brigade, tried by a general court-martial, whereof 
 Colonel Thomas Church was president, for deserting his post, is found 
 guilty of the crime, and unanimously sentenced to be cashiered, as 
 incapable of serving his country in any military capacity. 
 
 The General approves both the above sentences, and orders the 
 commanding officers of the regiments to see the prisoners dismissed 
 the army. 
 
 Head-quarters, August 3 d, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “Ireland”; countersign, “ Hartford.” 
 
 When any plunder is taken from the enemy (not excepted by the 
 Continental articles of war), such plunder must be all surrendered to 
 the commanding officer; and, as soon as convenient after his arrival at 
 head-quarters, public notice must be made that an auction will be held 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 63 
 
 in the front of the encampment for the sale thereof the next day at 
 noon ; and the money arising therefrom is to be equally divided be- 
 tween the officers and men that took it. This order is not to be con- 
 strued to extend to permitting unlawful and irregular plundering, as 
 any officer or soldier who shall be found guilty thereof will be pun- 
 ished with the greatest severity. 
 
 All the armorers belonging to any of the regiments in the three 
 brigades posted in the lines, or in Cambridge, and those employed in 
 the artillery, to be at head-quarters by eight o’clock to-morrow morn- 
 ing ; and none will be entitled to any pay hereafter who does not 
 attend at that time. 
 
 Head-quarters, August 4//q 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ London” ; countersign, “ Iceland.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Bricket. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Poor. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Gibbs. 
 
 It is with indignation and shame the General observes that notwith- 
 standing the repeated orders which have been given to prevent the 
 firing of guns in and about the camp, that it is daily and hourly prac- 
 tised. That, contrary to all order, straggling soldiers do still pass the 
 guards, and fire at a distance, where there is not the least probability 
 of hurting the enemy, and where no other end is answered but to waste 
 their ammunition, expose themselves to the ridicule of the enemy, and 
 keep their own camps harassed by frequent and continual alarms, to 
 the hurt and detriment of every good soldier, who is thereby disturbed 
 of his natural rest, and at length will never be able to distinguish be- 
 tween a real and false alarm. 
 
 For these reasons, it is in the most peremptory manner forbid any 
 person or persons whatsoever, under any pretence, to pass the out- 
 guards, unless authorized by the commanding officer of that part of 
 the lines, signified in writing, which must be shown to the officers of 
 the guard as they pass. 
 
 Any person offending in this particular will be considered in no 
 other light than as a common enemy, and the guards will have orders 
 to fire upon them as such. The commanding officer of every regiment 
 is to direct that every man in his regiment is made acquainted with 
 these orders, to the end that no one may plead ignorance, and that all 
 may be apprised of the consequences of disobedience. The colonels of 
 regiments and commanding officers of corps to order the rolls of every 
 company to be called twice a day, and every man’s ammunition exam- 
 ined at evening roll-calling, and such as are found to be delicient to be 
 confined. 
 
 The guards are to apprehend all persons firing guns near their posts, 
 whether towns-people or soldiers. 
 
 Head-quarters, Avgust 5th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Westminster ” ; countersign, “ Richmond.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Johonnot. 
 
64 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Brooks. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Fox. 
 
 For the establishment of order and to prevent disputes between 
 officers, as well as for fixing a regular and proper distribution of the 
 commissions of the Continental Army, part of which are already 
 arrived from the Congress, and the rest hourly expected, it is 
 ordered, that a meeting of the field-officers of each brigade be held 
 to-morrow morning at ten o’clock, as near as may be to the centre of 
 the encampment of each brigade, who are to choose, by ballot, one out 
 of their body to represent them in forming a court for the adjustment 
 and final settlement of — 
 
 First, The rank of the regiments of the Continental Army, and 
 numbering of each regiment accordingly, as all differences and distinc- 
 tions are to be now laid aside. The regiments of the several provinces 
 that form the Continental Army are to be considered no longer in a 
 separate and distinct point of view, but as part of the whole army of 
 the United Provinces. 
 
 Secondly, The rank of the field-officers of all the regiments forming 
 the Continental Army. 
 
 Thirdly, The rank of all the captains, subalterns, and staff-officers. 
 And as doubts may arise which cannot be determined by the six field- 
 officers so chosen by ballot, they are hereby directed to choose by 
 ballot one brigadier-general; who will preside as moderator of the 
 court for finally settling the rank of all the corps and all the com- 
 missioned officers that compose the army of the United Colonies. 
 
 This court, being duly constituted and appointed, are to sit on Mon- 
 day morning next, at Deacon Jones’s, in Cambridge. 
 
 The church to be cleaned out forthwith, as the Rev. Mr. Doyle will 
 perform divine service therein to-morrow morning at ten o’clock. 
 
 Head-quarters , August &th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Manchester” ; countersign, “ Lancaster.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Bridge. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Lee. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Sartell. 
 
 Head-quarters, August 7th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “Newcastle”; countersign, “Malden.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Glover. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Lieut.-Colonel Robinson. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Hardy. 
 
 Captain Kilton, of Colonel Patterson’s regiment, tried by a general 
 court-martial for neglect of duty, is found guilty of a breach of the 
 forty-ninth article of the rules and regulations for the Massachusetts 
 army ; they therefore sentence him to receive a severe reprimand 
 from the commanding officer, at the head of the regiment. 
 
 Application having been made for sutlers to supply the different 
 regiments with necessaries, the Commander-in-chief has no objection 
 
1S76.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 65 
 
 to each colonel appointing one for his particular regiment, provided the 
 public is not to he taxed with any expense by the appointment; and 
 provided, also, that each colonel doth become answerable for the con- 
 duct of the sutler so appointed, and taking care that he conform strictly 
 to all orders given for the regulation of the army, and that he does not 
 in any instance attempt to impose upon the soldiers in the prices of 
 their goods. No officer, directly or indirectly, is to become a sutler. 
 It is in an especial manner recommended to the commanding officer 
 of each regiment to see that a store of shoes and shirts are laid in for 
 their men, as these are at all times necessary. The General recom- 
 mends it to the colonels to provide Indian boots or leggings for their 
 men, instead of stockings, as they are not only warmer, but wear 
 longer, but, by getting them of a color, contribute to uniformity in 
 dress, especially as the General is in hopes of prevailing with the Con- 
 tinental Congress to give each man a hunting-shirt. 
 
 For the future, no return is to be delivered to the Adjutant-General 
 that is not signed by the commanding officer of the regiment or corps 
 specilied by the return ; and it is expected that the commanding offi- 
 cers of regiments do not receive any returns from their adjutants, 
 unless he at the same time presents the said commanding officer with 
 a particular return, signed by the respective captains of companies in 
 the regiment he commands. 
 
 Head-quarters, August 8th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Portsmouth” ; countersign, “Northumberland.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Brickett. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Woods. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Tyler. 
 
 As the numbers of absent sick, by the last returns, are astonishingly 
 great, it is ordered that the name of each man (absent under that 
 pretence) be given in by the commanding officer of each regiment, and 
 signed by him, setting forth the town which each particular soldier is 
 gone to, that the committee thereof may be applied to, to inspect into 
 the nature of their complaints, and make report of those who are fit 
 for duty. It has been intimated to the General that some officers, 
 under pretence of giving furloughs to men recovering from sickness, 
 send them to work upon their farms, for their own private emolument, 
 at the same time that the public is taxed with their pajq if not with 
 their provisions. These insinuations being but obliquely made, the 
 General is unwilling to believe that any officer can be so lost to all 
 sense of honor as to defraud the public in so scandalous a manner, 
 and therefore does not at present pay any further regard to the insinua- 
 tion than to declare that he will show no favor to any officer who 
 shall be found guilty of such iniquitous practices, but will do his utmost 
 endeavors to bring them to exemplary punishment, and the disgrace 
 due to such malconduct. 
 
 The following is the ration of provision allowed by the Continental 
 Congress unto each soldier, viz. : one pound of fresh beef, or three- 
 quarters of a pound of pork, or one pound of salt fish per diem ; one 
 
 9 
 
66 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 pound of bread or flour per diem ; three pints of pease or beans per 
 week, or vegetables equivalent at five shillings sterling per bushel for 
 pease or beans ; one pint of milk per diem per man, when to be had , 
 one half pint of rice, or one pint of Indian meal, per man per week ; 
 one quart of spruce beer per man per diem, or nine gallons of molasses 
 per company of one hundred men ; three pounds of candles to one hun- 
 dred men per week, for guards, &c. ; twenty-four pounds of soft, or 
 eight pounds of hard soap, for one hundred men per week ; one ration 
 of salt [meat*], one ration of fresh [meat*], and two rations of 
 bread, to be delivered Monday morning; Wednesday morning the 
 same; Friday morniug the same, and one ration of salt fish. All 
 weekly allowances delivered Wednesday morning. When the number 
 of regiments are too many to serve the whole the same day, then the 
 number is to be divided equally, and one part served Monday morning, 
 the other part Tuesday morning, and so through the week. 
 
 Head-quarters , August 9 th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Rochester ” ; countersign, “ Plymouth.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Robinson. 
 
 Officer of main guard, Major Poor. 
 
 Adjutant, Gibbs. 
 
 The commanding officer of each regiment or corps is to send a 
 return at orderly-time to-morrow to the Adjutant-General, of the num- 
 ber of tents or boards which are wanted to cover the men, that they 
 may be provided as soon as possible. They are also to give in the 
 names of such of their men who have never received blankets, or who 
 lost them in the engagement on Buuker’s Hill. 
 
 As there are several vacancies in the different regiments, if there 
 are any particular gentlemen who signalized themselves in the action 
 on Bunker’s Hill, by their spirited behavior and good conduct, and 
 of which sufficient proof is adduced to the General, he will, in filling 
 up the commissions, use his endeavors to have them appointed (if not 
 already commissioned) to some office, or promoted, if they are ; as it 
 will give him infinite pleasure at all times to reward merit, wherever 
 it is found. 
 
 Colonel Learned’s regiment to join General Thomas’s brigade, and 
 Colonel Huntington’s to join General Spencer’s brigade. 
 
 Captain Ballard, of Colonel Frye’s regiment, tried by the late gen- 
 eral court-martial for profane swearing, and for beating and abusing 
 his men. The court find the prisoner guilty in two instances of pro- 
 fane swearing, and of beating one of his men, and therefore sentence 
 him to pay a fine of four shillings for each offence. 
 
 Captain Jessee Saunders, of Colonel Sargeant’s regiment, tried by 
 the late general court-martial for frequently drawing more provision 
 than he had men in his company to consume, for forcing the sentries, 
 and taking away a gun, the property of William Turner, and threat- 
 ening the life of Sergeant Connor, cocking and presenting his gun at 
 
 * Supplied from Fenno’s Orderly Book. — Eds. 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 67 
 
 him when in the execution of his duty. The court are of opinion that 
 the prisoner is guilty of the whole of the charge exhibited against him, 
 and unanimously adjudge that he be forthwith cashiered. The Gen- 
 eral approves the above sentence, and orders it to be put in immedi- 
 ate execution. 
 
 To-morrow the rules and articles formed by the Honorable Conti- 
 nental Congress for the government of the twelve United Colonies will 
 be delivered out, to be distributed through the several corps of the 
 army. They are to be signed by the several officers of each regiment, 
 beginning with the colonels, and then by the soldiers, in the blank 
 leaves left for that purpose ; and, after they are so subscribed, they are 
 to be deposited with the captain of each company. If there are any 
 officers or soldiers who refuse to sign them, their names, the companies 
 and regiments to which they respectively belong, are to be reported 
 to the Commander-in-chief without delay. 
 
 Mr. John Goddard is appointed by the Commander-in-chief wagon- 
 master-general to the army of the twelve United Colonies, and is to be 
 obeyed as such. 
 
 Head-quarters , August 10th , 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Schoolkill ” ; countersign. “ Richmond.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Johonnot. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Brooks. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Fox. 
 
 It is a matter of exceeding great concern to the General to find, that, 
 at a time when the united efforts of America are exerting in defence 
 of the common rights and liberties of mankind, that there should be in 
 an army constituted for so noble a purpose such repeated instances of 
 officers, who, lost to every sense of honor and virtue, are seeking, by 
 dirty and base means, the promotion of their own dishonest gain, to 
 the eternal disgrace of themselves, and dishonor of their country. 
 Practices of this sort will never be overlooked, whenever an accusation 
 is lodged ; but the authors brought to the most exemplary punishment. 
 It is therefore much to be wished that the example of Jessee Saunders, 
 late captain in Colonel Sargeant’s regiment, will prove the last shame- 
 ful instance of such a grovelling disposition ; and that for the future, 
 every officer, for his own honor and the sake of [an] injured public, will 
 make a point of detecting every iniquitous practice of this kind, using 
 their utmost endeavors in their several capacities to lessen the expense 
 of the war as much as possible, that the general cause in which we are 
 struggling may receive no injury from the enormity of the expense. 
 
 The several paymasters are immediately to ascertain what pay was 
 due to the different regiments and corps on the first day of this instant, 
 that each man may receive his respective due, as soon as the money 
 arrives to pay them. 
 
 It is earnestly recommended that great exactness be used in these 
 settlements : first, that no man goes without his pay ; and, next, that 
 not one farthing more be drawn than what is justly due. After this, 
 the pay may be drawn once a month, or otherwise, as shall be found 
 
68 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 most convenient. In the mean while, the soldiers need be under no 
 apprehension of [not] getting every farthing that is justly their due : it 
 is therefore expected that they do their duty with that cheerfulness and 
 alacrity becoming men who are contending for their liberty, property, 
 and every thing that is valuable to freemen and their posterity. 
 
 Head-quarters , August 11 th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Tunbridge” ; countersign, “ Squantum.” 
 
 Complaint having been made by the inhabitants east of Watertown 
 that their gardens are robbed, their fields laid waste, and fences de- 
 stroyed ; any persons who shall for the future be detected in such 
 flagitious, wicked practices, will be punished without mercy. 
 
 The Commander-in-chief has been pleased to appoint Stephen 
 Moylan, Esq., to be muster-master-general to the army of the United 
 Colonies. He is, in all things touching his duty as muster-master- 
 general, to be considered and obeyed as such. 
 
 Head-quarters , August 1 '2th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “Ulster”; countersign, “ Torrington.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Brickett. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Major Austin. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Hardy. 
 
 Head-quarters, August 13 th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “Williamsburg”; countersign, “Torrington.”* 
 
 A general court-martial to sit to-morrow morning to try Colonel 
 John Mansfield, of the Massachusetts forces, accused by three of his 
 officers of high crimes and misdemeanors. One brigadier-general and 
 twelve field-officers to compose the court. 
 
 President, Brigadier-General Green. 
 
 MEMBERS. 
 
 Colonel James Reed. 
 
 Colonel Yernum. 
 
 Lieut. -Colonel Wyman. 
 
 Lieut. -Colonel Holden. 
 
 Major Cudworth. 
 
 Major Butterick. 
 
 Colonel Patterson. 
 Colonel Woodbridge. 
 Lieut. -Colonel Marsh. 
 Lieut.-Colonel Miller. 
 Major Sawyer. 
 
 Major Angell. 
 
 Head-quarters, Cambridge, August 14 th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “York”; countersign, “Yarmouth.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Lieut.-Colonel Johonnot. 
 Officer of main guard, Major Poor. 
 
 Adjutant, Gibbs. 
 
 * In Fenno’s Orderly Book, the countersign for August 13th is “ Canada,” 
 which is probably the correct reading. In the copy of the orders in 4 Force’s 
 “American Archives,” III. 250, there is no entry under date of August 12th ; 
 and the parole and countersign for August 13th are given as in Colonel Ilen- 
 shaw’s copy. — Eds. 
 
1870.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 69 
 
 Major Thomas Mifflin is appointed quartermaster-general to the 
 army of the United Colonies : he is to be obeyed as such. 
 
 As the troops are all to he mustered as soon as possible, the muster- 
 master-general, Stephen Moylan, Esq., will deliver to the commanding 
 offlcer of each regiment thirty blank muster-rolls upon Friday next, 
 and directions for each captain how he is to till up the blanks. 
 
 Head-quarters, August loth, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Arlington ” ; countersign, “ Bedford.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Colonel Prescot. 
 
 Officer of the main guard, Captain - — — — . 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Fox. 
 
 David Henley, Esq., is appointed brigade-major to General Heath’s 
 brigade. 
 
 John Trumbull, Esq., is appointed brigade-major to General Spen- 
 cer’s brigade. 
 
 Richard Cary, Esq., is appointed brigade-major to the brigade com- 
 manded by the eldest colonel. 
 
 Daniel Box and James Scammell, Esqs.,* are appointed to continue 
 to do the duty of brigade-majors to the brigades to which they respec- 
 tively belong. 
 
 Edmund Randolph aud George Bayler, Esqs., are appointed aides- 
 de-camp to the Commander-in-chief. 
 
 All and every of the above-named gentlemen to be obeyed in their 
 respective capacities. 
 
 The Quartermaster-General is, without delay, to examine the encamp- 
 ments aud coverings of the different regiments and corps,- to see that 
 those which are not designed to remain in houses are provided as soon 
 as possible with tents or boards sufficient for their accommodation ; at 
 the same time, he is to take care to prevent any unnecessary waste of 
 the latter, and to put a stop to the officers building such large houses 
 as some of them are doing, unless they are intended for the accommo- 
 dation of a number sufficient to fill them, or are built at their own 
 expense ; but no large houses to be placed near any of the redoubts or 
 lines. 
 
 In addition to the order of the 4th instant, the colonel or command- 
 ing officer of each regiment and corps is to cause an exact account to 
 be taken (by his captains) of the number of cartridges which each 
 man is possessed of, and at evening roll-calling have them examined, 
 as directed in the said order, when, if any are wanting and cannot be 
 accounted for, the delinquent, over and above the punishment due to 
 
 * The copy in 4 Force’s “ American Archives,” III. 250, names also Thomas 
 Chase, who is mentioned in both Henshaw and Force’s copies of the orders of 
 August 17th in similar terms. Chase is not named in Fenno’s Orderly Book 
 under either date; but under August 17th Fenno’s copy reads, “Samuel 
 Brewer, Esq., is to continue to do the duty of brigade-major to General 
 Thomas’s brigade.” A similar entry appears in Henshaw’s copy under date 
 of August 30th. Fenno’s Orderly Book was no doubt transcribed at a later 
 date, after the original mistake had been rectified. — Eds. 
 
70 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 his offence, is to be charged with the deficiency, and so much of his 
 pay stopped accordingly. 
 
 Head-quarters, August 16 th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Cumberland ” ; countersign, “ Dunstable.” 
 
 Captain Eleazer Lindsey, of Colonel Gerrish’s regiment, tried by a 
 general court-martial for absenting himself from his post, which was 
 attacked and abandoned to the enemy ; the court, on consideration, are 
 of opinion that Captain Lindsey be discharged the service, as a person 
 improper to sustain a commission. 
 
 John Parke, Esq., is appointed an assistant to the Quartermaster- 
 General : he is to be obeyed as such. 
 
 Head-quarters, August Ylih, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Exeter ” ; countersign, “ Falkland.” 
 
 Thomas Chase, Esq., is to continue to do duty as a major of bri- 
 gade, to Brigadier-General Thomas’s brigade. 
 
 Mr. Ezekiel Cheever is appointed commissary of artillery stores. 
 The Quartermaster-General, Commissary-General, and Commissary of 
 Artillery are to make exact returns of all the stores, provisions, and 
 necessaries of every kind within their several departments; and they 
 are to lose no time in collecting the several articles which, may be in 
 the hands of committees or other persons into their immediate care, 
 and they are to be answerable for the disposal of them. 
 
 The commanding officer of artillery is to see that all the ordnance 
 stores are faithfully collected, and put under the care of the commissary 
 of the artillery ; and the commissary of artillery is to see that all the 
 powder, lead, and flints are placed in the magazines appointed to re- 
 ceive them. 
 
 The muster-master-general, Stephen Moylan, Esq., to proceed as 
 expeditiously as possible in mustering the troops ; and, when he has 
 delivered his blank rolls to the several regiments and corps, he is to 
 fix the days for mustering each brigade, with the Adjutant-General, who 
 will give directions accordingly. 
 
 The army being regularly brigaded, and a major of brigade appointed 
 and fixed to each brigade, they are to keep an exact roster of duty for 
 the officers, non-commissioned officers, and soldiers of their respective 
 brigades. The Adjutant-General will assist them with the best form of 
 a roster, and earnestly recommend the use thereof. All duties of 
 honor begin with the eldest officer of each rank, and duties of fatigue 
 with the youngest. Each major of brigade will forthwith fix upon a 
 proper spot, as near as can be to the centre of the brigade, for a gen- 
 eral parade of the brigade, where all parties with or without arms are 
 to be regularly paraded and march off in presence of the major of 
 brigade ; and the General expects that the majors of brigade are not 
 only alert, but exact, in the performance of this duty. 
 
 The court-martial ordered for the trial of Colonel Mansfield to sit 
 to-morrow morning at eight o’clock, at the college chapel, for the trial 
 
1376.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 71 
 
 of Colonel Gerrish. All evidences and persons concerned to attend 
 the court. 
 
 Head-quarters, August 18 tli, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Gloucester ” ; countersign, “ Hartford.” 
 
 John Connor, of Captain Oliver’s company, Colonel Doolittle’s regi- 
 ment, tried at a general court-martial for stealing a cheese, the prop- 
 erty of Richard Cornel,* is found guilty of the charge, and adjudged to 
 receive thirty-nine lashes upon his bare back. The General approves 
 the sentence, and orders it to be executed at the relieving the main 
 guard, at the bead of the two guards. 
 
 Joseph Matthews, of Captain Perkins’s company of artillery, tried 
 by the same general court-martial for selling his gun, which the select- 
 men of his town had given him, and drawing pay for a blanket, fur- 
 nished by said selectmen. The court sentence the prisoner to receive 
 ten lashes upon his bare hack, and order twelve shillings to be stopped 
 from his wages, to repay Captain Perkins for the blanket. The Gen- 
 eral approves the sentence, and orders it to be executed at the head 
 of the guards where the company the prisoner belongs to is posted. 
 
 Head-quarters, August 19 th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Jersey ” ; countersign, “ Kendal.” 
 
 Colonel Samuel Gerrish, of the Massachusetts forces, tried by a 
 general court-martial, of which Brigadier-General Green was president, 
 is unanimously found guilty of the charge exhibited against him, — 
 that he behaved unworthy an officer, [and|] that he is guilty of a breach 
 of the forty-ninth article of the Rules and Regulations of the Massa- 
 chusetts Army. The court therefore sentence and adjudge the said 
 Colonel Gerrish to be cashiered, and rendered incapable of any em- 
 ployment in the American army. The General approves the sentence 
 of the court-martial, and orders it to take place immediately. 
 
 Head-quarters, August 20 th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “Lebanon”; countersign, “Mansfield.” 
 
 In obedience to the orders of the 5th instant, the brigadier-general 
 and field-officers chosen by ballot have made report to his Excellency 
 the Commander-in-chief of the final settlement of the rank of all the 
 regiments and offi. ers in the army of the United Colonies. The Gen- 
 eral entirely approves of the proceedings of the brigadiers and the field- 
 officers, and thanks them in this public manner for the great care and 
 pains they have taken in establishing a point of so much importance to 
 the army. His Excellency strictly commands all officers and soldiers 
 to pay all due obedience to the regulation so established. 
 
 The Adjutant-General will deliver to each major of brigade, this day, 
 
 * In Fenno’s Orderly Book, the name is “ Campbell in 4 Force’s “Amer- 
 ican Archives,” III. 252, it is “ Cornell,” which may, perhaps, be the name 
 intended by Colonel Henshaw. — E ds. 
 
 t Supplied from Fenno’s Orderly Book. — Eds. 
 
72 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 rocr. 
 
 at orderly-time, a copy of the rank of the regiments, of the field-officers, 
 and of the officers of every regiment in their respective brigades. 
 
 A court of inquiry to sit this day, a't three in the afternoon, to ex- 
 amine into the reasons of a complaint exhibited against Colonel Eben- 
 ezer Bridge. 
 
 Brigadier-General Heath, President. 
 
 MEMBERS. 
 
 Colonel Prescott. Colonel Woodbridge.- 
 
 Colonel Sargeant. Lieut.-Colonel Johonnot. 
 
 Head-quarters , August 21 st, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Norfolk” ; countersign, “ Oporto.” 
 
 The court of inquiry ordered to sit yesterday upon Colonel Eben r 
 Bridge, to sit this day, at three o’clock, p.m. 
 
 Michael Berry, tried by a late general court-martial for stealing a 
 hat from Captain Waterman, is found guilty, and sentenced to receive 
 thirty lashes ; but, in consideration of his long confinement, the Gen- 
 eral pardons the prisoner. 
 
 General Sullivan’s brigade to be mustered to-morrow : the muster- 
 master-general to begin with the regiment posted on the left of the 
 lines exactly at six o’clock, with the next regiment on the left at 
 seven o’clock, and so on, until the whole are mustered. The field 
 and staff officers of each regiment are to be mustered in the eldest 
 captain’s company ; and such as were drafted to the regiment of artil- 
 lery are to be mustered only to the day they were drafted. The regi- 
 ment of artillery to muster them from that time. 
 
 A sergeant, corporal, and nine men to mount guard to-morrow 
 morning, at Mr. Fairweather’s house, lately converted into an hospi- 
 tal. The sergeant to receive his order from Dr. Church, director of 
 the hospital. 
 
 Head-quarters , August 22d, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “Portsmouth”; countersign, “Quincy.” 
 
 As the muster-rolls cannot be properly prepared before Saturday 
 next, the General defers the mustering of the brigade upon the left of 
 the lines until next Monday, when the mustering the whole will take 
 place without interruption. 
 
 Captain Pearl, of Colonel Woodbridge’s regiment, tried by a general 
 court-martial, for defrauding his men of their pay. The court are 
 unanimously of opinion that the complaint is in no part supported, 
 and, being vexatious and groundless, acquit Captain Pearl. The 
 court order the chief complainant, Daniel Davids, to be confined. 
 
 The General does not mean to discourage the practice of bathing 
 whilst the weather is warm enough to continue it, but he expressly 
 forbids any person’s doing it at or near the bridge in Cambridge, where 
 it has been observed and conqulained of that many men, lost to all 
 sense of decency and common modesty, are running about naked upon 
 the bridge, while passengers, and even ladies of the first fashion in the 
 
1376.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 73 
 
 neighborhood, are passing over it, as if they meant to glory in their 
 shame. The guard and sentries at the bridge are to put a stop to this 
 practice, for the future. 
 
 The director-general of the hospital having complained that the 
 sick under his care are not only incommoded by a promiscuous resort 
 of soldiers to the rooms, but greatly injured by having improper things 
 carried them to eat; at the same time, that many disorders, under 
 which the sick are suffering, may be by them contracted and spread in 
 the camp, by means of this intercourse, — it is therefore ordered, that 
 this improper visitation be put a stop to for the future. No non- 
 commissioned officer or soldier to be admitted into the hospital here- 
 after, without the leave of the surgeon then in attendance, or by a 
 written license from the colonel or commanding officer of the regiment 
 they belong to ; in either of which case, the friends to the sick, and 
 all those who have any real business with them, will never be denied 
 the privilege and satisfaction of visiting. 
 
 Representation being made to the Commander-in-chief that officers 
 are frequently seen in Cambridge, Watertown, and the towns and vil- 
 lages around the camp, without any leave of absence previously 
 obtained, and contrary to all good discipline and order; and as such 
 irregularity at this time may be productive of the worst of conse- 
 quences, the General directs the commanding officers of corps to be 
 particularly attentive to the behavior of all their officers in this par- 
 ticular, and, without favor or affection, confine any officers who are 
 absent from the camp, or the lines where he is posted or encamped, 
 without leave, in writing, first had and obtained from the general com- 
 manding the brigade ; and the commanding officers of regiments 
 are strictly enjoined to put in arrest any officer who shall for the 
 future disobey this order. 
 
 When officers set good examples, it may be expected that the men 
 will, with zeal and alacrity, follow them ; but it would be mere phe- 
 nomenon in nature to find a well-disciplined soldiery where officers are 
 relaxed and tardy in their duty ; nor can they, with any kind of pro- 
 priety or good conscience, sit in judgment upon a soldier for disobey- 
 ing an order which they themselves are every day breaking. The 
 General is sorry — - exceeding sorry — to find occasion to give such re- 
 peated orders on this head. But as the safety of the army and salvation 
 of the country may essentially depend upon a strictness of discipline, 
 and close attention to duty, he will give no countenance nor show any 
 favor to delinquents. 
 
 Head-quarters , August 23 d, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Rttmney” ; countersign, “ Summersett.” 
 
 Head-quarters, August 24 th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “Tunbridge”; countersign, “Ulster.” 
 
 Lieutenant W m Ryan, of Colonel Nixon’s regiment, tried by a 
 general court-martial, of which Lieut-Colonel Brickett was president, 
 is found guilty of a breach of the sixth and forty-ninth articles of 
 
 10 
 
74 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETYL 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 the Rules and Regulations of the Massachusetts Army, and is unani- 
 mously adjudged to be cashiered. The General approves the sen- 
 tence, and orders it to take place immediately. 
 
 The Quartermaster- General is to see that the different brigades, or 
 at least each division of the army, are provided with armorers suffi- 
 cient to keep the arms therein in proper repair ; that they have 
 proper places provided to work in ; that they are properly attended, 
 to prevent impositions of any kind. 
 
 He is also to employ brick-makers, under the care of Captain Fran- 
 cis, of Colonel Mansfield’s regiment, and set them to make bricks, 
 immediately. The necessary attendance is to be applied for, by Cap- 
 tain Francis, to the Adjutant-General. 
 
 The Quartermaster-General is also to receive from the general court 
 of the Massachusetts government, or from such persons as they shall 
 appoint to deliver them, all the shirts, shoes and stockings, breeches 
 and waistcoats, which have been provided by the Committee of Safety 
 for the use of the army, and settle for the same, and not deliver any 
 from his store without an order in writing from the Commander-in- 
 chief. 
 
 An exact return of the company of artificers, under the care of Mr. 
 Ayres, to be given in, where they have been at work, and how em- 
 ployed. 
 
 The General would be glad> to have the Rules and Regulations of 
 War (as established by the Continental Congress) returned to him, 
 signed, as he will thereupon proceed to distribute the Continental 
 commissions agreeable to the ranks lately settled. The late paymaster 
 of the Massachusetts troops is once morq called upon in a peremptory 
 manner to settle his accounts with the different regiments, that it may 
 be known what money is due to the men, up to the first of this month 
 (August). The General is very sorry that any difficulty or delay 
 should have happened in a matter so plain and simple in its nature. 
 He now assures the regiments of the Massachusetts, — as they seem 
 to be the only complainants and sufferers, — that if they do not get paid 
 by their own colony paymaster before the first day of September, that 
 he will order James Warren, Esq., Continental paymaster-general, to 
 pay each of the Massachusetts regiments for the month of August ; 
 and that he will, moreover, use his endeavors to have their pay, up to 
 the first of August, settled for and adjusted as soon as possible. 
 
 Twenty men from Colonel Mansfield’s regiment, and ten from Colonel 
 Gardner’s, and two from each of the other regiments in the lines and 
 in Cambridge, to be sent to join Captain Francis, of Colonel Mansfield’s 
 regiment, to be forthwith employed in making bricks. None but men 
 who are acquainted with that service to be sent upon it. 
 
 Colonel Prescott, with two companies of his regiment, to march to 
 Sewall’s Point this day. The Colonel will apply to the Quartermaster- 
 General for the tents that will be wanted for this detachment. 
 
 Head-quarters , August 25th , 1775. 
 
 Parole, “Wilmington”; countersign, “Yorkshire.” 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 75 
 
 If the officers who were sent upon the recruiting service are not all 
 returned to camp, they are to be forthwith recalled, and no more men 
 are to be enlisted until further orders. 
 
 The company late under the command of Captain Ebenezer Lind- 
 sey is to join Colonel "NVoodbridge’s regiment, as that regiment has 
 at present only nine companies. 
 
 As the Commander-in-chief has heretofore approved all the sentences 
 of the general court-martials which have been laid before him, and 
 thought himself happy in agreeing with them in opinion, so will he 
 not now disapprove the judgment respecting Ensign Joshua Trofton, as 
 the court have intimated that they were influenced by some favorable 
 circumstances. Disobedience of orders is amongst the first and most 
 atrocious of all military crimes. He desires that the conduct of En- 
 sign Joshua Trofton, however he may have been provoked, may never 
 be drawn into a precedent, as there are certain modes by which inferior 
 officers may obtain redress of grievances without proceeding to any 
 unjustifiable acts of violence. 
 
 Ensign Joshua Trofton, of 30th regiment of foot, in the service of 
 the United Colonies, commanded by Colonel Scammons, tried by a 
 general court-martial for offering to strike his colonel, and for disobe- 
 dience of orders, is found guilty of a breach of the sixth article of the 
 Rules and Regulations of the Massachusetts Army, and sentenced to 
 be confined to his tent for three days. 
 
 A return, signed by the commanding officer of each regiment, of the 
 commissioned officers vacant ; distinguishing their names, rank, and 
 by what means vacant. This must be delivered to the Adjutant-Gen- 
 eral, at orderly time to-morrow. 
 
 Head-quarters , August 26th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Amboy ” ; countersign, “ Brookltne.” 
 
 General Sullivan’s brigade to be mustered upon Monday morning 
 next, in the manner and form directed by the general orders of the 
 21st instant. 
 
 Head-quarters, August 27th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Colchester ” ; countersign, “ Dover.” 
 
 Head-quarters , August 28th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Essex ” ; countersign, “Falmouth.” 
 
 As the extraordinary duty necessary for some days past prevents 
 the mustering General Sullivan’s brigade this morning, the General 
 appoints Friday morning next for that purpose, and orders that bri- 
 gade to be relieved from all but the necessary camp duty of their par- 
 ticular encampments Thursday morning, that they [may] have that day 
 to prepare for their mustering. 
 
 As nothing is more pernicious to the health of soldiers, nor more 
 certainly productive of the bloody flux, than drinking new cider, the 
 General, in the most positive manner, commands the entire disuse of 
 the same; and orders the Quartermaster- General this day to publish 
 advertisements to acquaint the inhabitants of the surrounding districts, 
 
76 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 that such of them as are detected bringing new cider into the camp, 
 after Thursday, the last day of this month, may depend on having their 
 casks stove. 
 
 Head-quarters, August 29lh, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Georgia. ” ; countersign, “ Harvard.” 
 
 For the future, the several guards mounted upon the general hos- 
 pitals are to be reduced into one guard, consisting of one subaltern, 
 three sergeants, one fife, three corporals, and thirty men. The officer, 
 after seeing his sentries posted, is to receive his orders from Dr. Church, 
 director-general of the hospital of the army of the United Colonies. 
 The Quartermaster-General and Commissary-General are to see strict 
 regard paid to the sixth article of the General Orders of the 7th July 
 last, as complaints are continually making of the badness of the bread 
 served to the regiments. 
 
 Head-quarters , August 30 th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Ireland ” ; countersign, “ Kingston.” 
 
 One field-officer, six captains, twelve subalterns, twelve sergeants, 
 twelve corporals, two drums, two fifes, and three hundred soldiers from 
 Heath’s brigade, and the same from the Cambridge brigade, to parade 
 as soon as the weather is fair, to march to Ploughed Hill. One sur- 
 geon and one mate from each brigade, to be provided with proper in- 
 struments and dressings, are to be ready to march with the above 
 detachment. 
 
 By the orders of the 17th instant, Thomas Chase, Esq., was, to the 
 prejudice of Samuel Brewer, Esq., through mistake, appointed to be 
 continued to do duty to Brigadier-General Thomas’s brigade, as major 
 of brigade. His Excellency orders that mistake to be rectified, and 
 directs Samuel Brewer to be continued to act as major of brigade to 
 Brigadier-General Thomas. He is to be obeyed as such. 
 
 Head-quarters, August 3 1st, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ London ” ; countersign, “Monmouth.” 
 
 The colonel or officer commanding each regiment of the Massachu- 
 
 o o 
 
 setts forces are, without delay, to make out an exact abstract for the 
 month of August of the pay due to the officers and soldiers of each 
 regiment, who were effective in the said regiment during that month, 
 and who now continue to be effective in the same. This abstract must 
 be signed by the colonel or officer commanding each regiment of the 
 Massachusetts, and forthwith delivered by him to the Commander- 
 in-chief, to the end that each of those regiments may immediately be 
 paid one month’s pay. 
 
 Head-quarters, September 1st, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Newhaven ” ; countersign, “ Ormond.” 
 
 Complaint has been made to the General that the body of a soldier 
 of Colonel Woodbridge’s regiment has been taken from his grave by 
 persons unknown. The General and friends of the deceased are desir- 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 77 
 
 ous of all the information that can be given of the perpetrators of this 
 abominable crime, that he or they may be made an example, to deter 
 others from committing- so wicked and shameful an offence. 
 
 The magazine guard in the rear of General Sullivan’s brigade to 
 be relieved to-morrow morning. 
 
 Head-quarters , September 2 d, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Portugal ” ; countersign, “ Quebec.” 
 
 Captain Edward Crafts, of Colonel Gridley’s regiment of artillery, 
 tried yesterday by a general court-martial, is acquitted of that part of 
 the charge against him which relates to defrauding of his men ; and the 
 court are also of opinion that no part of the charge against the pris- 
 oner is proved, except that of using abusive expressions to Major 
 Gridley, which, being a breach of the forty-ninth article of the Rules 
 and Regulations for the Massachusetts Army, sentence the prisoner to 
 receive a severe reprimand from the lieutenant-colonel of the artillery, 
 in the presence of all the officers of the regiment, and that he at the 
 same time ask pardon of Major Gridley for the said abusive language. 
 
 Lieutenant Russell, of Captain Symond’s company, in the twenty-first 
 regiment of foot, tried by the above court-martial for disobedience of 
 orders, is unanimously acquitted by the court. 
 
 The General confirms the proceedings and sentence of the above 
 court-martial. 
 
 Head-quarters , September 3d, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “Roxbury”; countersign, “ Schenactady.” 
 
 Benjamin Child, soldier in Colonel Glover's regiment, and in Cap- 
 tain Broughton’s company, tried by a general court-martial, upon an 
 appeal from a regimental court-martial. The court were unanimously 
 of opinion the proceeding of the regimental court-martial was irreg- 
 ular, and therefore acquit the prisoner. 
 
 Head-quarters , September 4 th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Torrington ” ; countersign, “ Urbanna.” * 
 
 Head-quarters, September oth, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “Waltham” ; countersign, “ York.” 
 
 The general court-martial whereof Colonel Experience Storrs was 
 president is dissolved. Captain Moses Hart, of the twenty-eighth 
 regiment of foot, tried by the above-mentioned general court-martial, 
 is found guilty of drawing for more provisions than he was entitled to, 
 and for unjustly confining and abusing his men. He is unanimously 
 sentenced to be cashiered. The General approves the sentence, and 
 orders it to take place immediately. A detachment, consisting of two 
 lieutenant-colonels, two majors, ten captains, thirty subalterns, thirty 
 sergeants, thirty corporals, four drummers, two fifers, and six hundred 
 and seventy -six privates, to parade to-morrow morning at eleven o’clock, 
 
 * Fenno’s Orderly Book reads “ Albany.” — Eds. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 upon the Common in Cambridge, to go upon command with Colonel 
 Arnold, of Connecticut. One company of Virginia riflemen, and two 
 companies from Colonel Thompson’s Pennsylvania regiment of rifle- 
 men, to parade at the same time and place, to join the above detach- 
 ment. Tents and necessaries proper and convenient for the whole will 
 be supplied by the Quartermaster-General immediately upon the de- 
 tachment being collected. As it is imagined the officers and men sent 
 from the regiments, both here and at Roxbury, will be sucli volunteers 
 as are active woodsmen, and well acquainted with bateaux, so it is rec- 
 ommended that none but such will offer themselves for this service. 
 Colonel Arnold and the Adjutaut-General will attend upon the Com- 
 mon in Cambridge to-morrow, in the forenoon, to receive and parade 
 their detachments. The Quartermaster-General will be also there, to 
 supply tents, &c. 
 
 The colonels and commanding officers of the Massachusetts regj- 
 ments who have delivered in the pay abstracts at head-quarters are 
 immediately to apply to the General for his warrant upon the Pay- 
 master-General, James Warren, Esq., for the pay for the month of 
 August, agreeable to the General Order of the 3 1st of last month. 
 
 As great complaints have heretofore been made by the men in regard 
 to their pay, the General expects the utmost exactness and despatch be 
 made in this payment. 
 
 Head-quarters , September 6th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Albany” ; countersign, “ Bolingbroke.” 
 
 Whereas, a number of pretended sutlers, utterly disregarding the 
 good of the service, sell liquor to every one indiscriminately, to the 
 utter subversion of all order and good government, the troops being 
 continually debauched, which causes them to neglect their duty, and 
 to be guilty of all those crimes which a vicious ill habit naturally pro- 
 duces : to prevent such evils from spreading in the camp, no person 
 is for the future to presume to sell any stores or liquor to the troops, 
 unless he be first appointed sutler to some regiment by the colonel or 
 officer commanding the same, who will immediately punish such sutler 
 for any transgression of the rules and orders he is directed to observe. 
 And if any person, not regularly authorized and appointed, shall pre- 
 sume to sell liquor or stores to the troops in the camp, it is recom- 
 mended to the Brigadier- General to issue an order for securing their 
 persons and effects : the delinquent to be punished at the discretion of 
 a general court-martial, and his effects to be applied for the refresh- 
 ment of the fatigue-men and out-guards belonging to the brigade. This 
 order is not meant to extend to those sutlers who are appointed by 
 government, and who are permitted to act as sutlers to the regiments 
 for which they were appointed, they being subject to all rules and regu- 
 lations of the army, the same as if appointed by the colonels. 
 
 As the remoteness of some of the regiments from head-quarters 
 renders it difficult to send invitations to the officers, the Commander- 
 in-chief requests, for the future, that the field-officer of the day, the 
 officer of his own guard, and the adjutant of the day, consider them- 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 79 
 
 selves invited to dine at head-quarters ; and this general invitation 
 they are desired to accept accordingly. 
 
 Head-quarters , September 7th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Cambridge”; countersign, “Dorchester.” 
 
 Repeated complaints being made by the regimental surgeons that 
 they are not all allowed, proper necessaries for the use of the sick, 
 before they become fit objects for the general hospital ; and the di- 
 rector-general of the hospital complains, that, contrary to the rules 
 of every established army, these regimental hospitals are more expen- 
 sive than can be conceived, which plainly indicates that there is either 
 an unpardonable abuse on one side, or an inexcusable neglect on the 
 other ; and whereas, the General is exceeding desirous of having the 
 utmost care taken of the sick (wherever placed, and in every stage 
 of their disorder), but at the same time is determined not to suffer 
 any impositions upon the public : he requires, and orders, that the 
 brigadier-general, with the commanding officers of each regiment in 
 the brigade, do sit as a court of inquiry into the causes of these com- 
 plaints, and that they summon the director-general of the hospital 
 and their several regimental surgeons before them, and have the whole 
 matter investigated and reported. This inquiry to begin on the left of 
 the line to-morrow, at the hour of ten, in General Sullivan’s brigade. 
 
 When a soldier is so sick that it is no longer safe or proper for him 
 to remain in camp, he should be sent to the general hospital. There 
 is no need of regimental hospitals without the camp, when there is a 
 general hospital so near, and so well appointed. 
 
 Colonel Thompson’s regiment of riflemen to be mustered to-morrow 
 morning, at seven o’clock. General Green’s brigade to be mustered 
 Saturday morning, at the same hour. This corps are to be one day off 
 duty previous to their being mustered. 
 
 Head-quarters, September 8th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Edenton ” ; countersign, “ Falkland.” 
 
 Captain Perry, of Colonel Walker’s regiment, tried by a general 
 court-martial whereof Colonel Alden was president, for permitting 
 persons to pass the lines on Boston Neck, is found guilty of the crime 
 laid to his charge ; but, from alleviating circumstances, is sentenced to 
 be severely reprimanded at the head of his regiment. The General 
 approves the sentence, and orders it to be put in execution accordingly. 
 
 The detachments going under the command of Colonel Arnold to be 
 forthwith taken off the roll of duty, and to march this evening to 
 Cambridge Common, where tents, and every thing necessary, is pro- 
 vided for their reception. The rifle company at Roxbury and those 
 from Prospect Hill to march early to-morrow morning to join the 
 above detachment. Such officers and men as are taken from General 
 Green’s brigade for the above detachment are to attend the muster of 
 their respective regiments to-morrow morning, at seven o’clock, upon 
 Prospect Hill. When the muster is finished, they are forthwith to 
 rejoin the detachment at Cambridge. 
 
80 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 Head-quarters, September 9th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Geneva ” ; countersign, “ PIartford.” 
 
 The major-general commanding the division of the army posted 
 between Prospect Hill and Cambridge River is to be very exact in 
 obliging the colonel and field-officers to lay in the encampment of their 
 respective regiments, and particularly the colonel and lieutenant-colo- 
 nel of the thirtieth regiment. 
 
 Head-quarters, September 10 th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Indostan ” ; countersign, “ Kendall.” 
 
 Head-quarters, September 11 th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ IjANCASter ” ; countersign, “ Middleton.” 
 
 Colonel Eben r Bridge, of the twenty-seventh regiment of foot, in the 
 service of the United Colonies, tried at a general court-martial, whereof 
 Brigadier-General Green was president, for misbehavior and neglect of 
 duty in the action at Bunker’s Hill, on the 17th of June last. The 
 court are of opinion that indisposition of body rendered the prisoner 
 incapable of action, and do therefore acquit him. 
 
 Ensign Moses How, of Colonel David Brewer’s regiment, tried by 
 a general court-martial, whereof Colonel Alden was president, for 
 contempt of the service. The court, after due examination of the evi- 
 dence, acquit the prisoner. 
 
 Ensign Levi Bowen, of the said regiment, and tried by the same 
 general court-martial for absconding from his regiment without leave. 
 The court find the prisoner guilty of the crime laid to his charge, and 
 do therefore sentence him to be cashiered. 
 
 General Heath’s brigade to be mustered upon Thursday morning 
 next, at seven o’clock ; and Colonel F rye’s brigade, upon Saturday 
 morning, at the same hour. 
 
 Colonel Thompson’s battalion of riflemen, posted upon Prospect 
 Hill, to take their share of all duty of guard and fatigue with the bri- 
 gade they encamp with. A general court-martial to sit as soon as 
 possible to try the men of that regiment who are now prisoners in 
 the main guard and at Prospect Hill, and accused of mutinying. 
 
 The riflemen posted at Roxbury and towards Lechmere’s Point are 
 to do duty with the brigade they are posted with. 
 
 The general court-martial to meet to-morrow morning at seven 
 o’clock, to consist of three field-officers and two captains. 
 
 Head-quarters , September 12 th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Netvburt ” ; countersign, “ Ogden.” 
 
 Head-quarters, September 13 th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Pembroke ” ; countersign, “ Quebec.” 
 
 The thirty-three riflemen of Colonel Thompson’s battalion, tried 
 yesterday by a general court-martial, whereof Colonel Nixon was 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 81 
 
 president, for disobedient and mutinous behavior, are each of them 
 sentenced to pay the sum of twenty shillings, except John Leamon, 
 who, over and above his fine, is to suffer six days’ imprisonment. The 
 paymaster of the regiment to stop the fine from each man out of their 
 next month’s pay, which must be paid to Dr. Church, for the use of 
 the general hospital. 
 
 Head- quarters, September 14 til, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Roxborough ” ; countersign, “ Salem.” 
 
 In obedience to the general order of the 7th instant, the inquiry 
 into the conduct of Dr. Church, the director-general of the hospital, 
 and the respective regimental surgeons, has been held in General 
 Sullivan’s brigade; that being finished, the General orders the like to 
 be held forthwith in General Green’s brigade. 
 
 Head-quarters, September loth, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “Pittsburg” ; countersign, “Ulster.” 
 
 Colonel John Mansfield, of the nineteenth regiment of foot, tried 
 at a general court-martial, whereof Brigadier- General Green was pres- 
 ident, for remissness and backwardness in the execution of his duty 
 at the late engagement on Bunker’s Hill. The court found the pris- 
 oner guilty of the charge, and of a breach of the forty-ninth article of 
 the Rules and Regulations of the Massachusetts Army, and therefore 
 sentence him to be cashiered, and rendered unfit to serve in the Con- 
 tinental army. The General approves the sentence, and directs it to 
 take place immediately. 
 
 Moses Pickett, soldier in Captain Merritt’s company, in Colonel 
 Glover’s regiment, tried at a general court-martial for disobedience of 
 orders and damning his officer, is found guilty, and sentenced to 
 receive thirty lashes upon his bare back, and afterwards drummed out 
 of the regiment. The General orders the punishment to be inflicted 
 at the head of the regiment to-morrow morning, at troop-beating. 
 
 As Colonel Frye’s brigade is to he mustered to-morrow morning, 
 General Heath’s brigade will furnish the guards in and about Cam- 
 bridge for to-morrow. 
 
 Ho returns to be made next Saturday. 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Major Lee. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Doliver. 
 
 Head-quarters , September 16 th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Wilmington ” ; countersign. “York.” 
 
 James Finley, sergeant in Captain Price’s company of riflemen, 
 tried by a general court-martial for expressing himself disrespectfully 
 of the Continental association, and drinking General Gage’s health. 
 The court sentence the prisoner to be deprived of his arms and accou- 
 trements, put in a horse-cart, with a rope round his neck, and drummed 
 out of the army, and rendered for ever incapable of serving in the Con- 
 tinental army. 
 
 John Cotton, sergeant in Colonel Cotton’s regiment, tried by the 
 
 11 
 
82 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct 
 
 same general court-martial for defrauding the regiment of part of 
 their allowance of provisions. The court sentence the prisoner to 
 refund and pay back fourteen pounds, six shillings, and four pence to 
 said regiment, and be disqualified to serve in said regiment as quar- 
 termaster-sergeant for the future. 
 
 Head-quarters , September Ylth, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Andover ” ; countersign, “ Beverly.” 
 
 The Rev. Mr. John Murray is appointed chaplain to the Rhode 
 Island regiment, and is to be respected as such. Colonel Prescot 
 being taken sick, Lieutenant-Colonel Johonnot, of the twenty-first reg- 
 iment, is to go forthwith to Sewall’s Point, to take the command of 
 that regiment. 
 
 Head-quarters , September 18 th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Brunswick” ; countersign, “ Cambridge.” 
 
 The inquiry into the conduct of Dr. Church, director-general of the 
 hospital, and of the respective regimental surgeons, to be held to- 
 morrow morning, in General Heath’s brigade. 
 
 Head-quarters , September 1 Vtk, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Danvers ” ; countersign, “ Essex.” 
 
 Head-quarters, September 20 th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Falmouth ”; countersign, “ Gloucester.” 
 
 As the commissions are ready to be delivered to the officers serving 
 in the army of the United Colonies, the General recommends it to them 
 to apply, as soon as it is convenient, to him, at head-quarters, for the 
 same. No person is to presume to demand a Continental commission 
 who is not in actual possession of the like commission from the proper 
 authority of the colony lie is at present engaged to serve, which must 
 be produced at the time application is made for a Continental commis- 
 sion. If, from unavoidable circumstances, any gentleman has served 
 from the beginning of the campaign in the rank of a commissioned 
 officer, and has not yet received a commission, being justly entitled 
 thereto, such officer’s pretensions will be duly weighed and considered ; 
 and, upon sufficient proof of the justice of his claim, a commission will 
 issue accordingly. The General expects that every officer delivers 
 his present commission, or claim to a commission, to his colonel, or 
 officer commanding the regiment ; and each colonel, or officer com- 
 manding a regiment, is forthwith to apply to the General for the com- 
 missions for the officers of his respective regiments. The colonel of 
 the first, second, and third regiments to apply to-morrow morning, 
 at nine o’clock ; and so on, day by day, until the whole are supplied. 
 Three regiments to apply each day. 
 
 Head-quarters, September 21st, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Hanover ” ; countersign, “ Ipswich.” 
 
 Whereas, frequent applications are making to the General, Com- 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 83 
 
 mander-in-chief, by officers of all ranks and denominations, for an allow- 
 ance of rations of provisions, which are not only absolutely necessary, 
 but usually and customarily allowed to them, the General has thought 
 proper to order and direct, that from the first day of July last there 
 
 be issued by 
 rations, viz. : — 
 
 the commissary-general 
 
 the following 
 
 propor 
 
 To each 
 
 major-general . . 
 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 brigadier-general . 
 
 . ... 12 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 colonel 
 
 . . . . 6 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 lieutenant-colonel . . 
 
 . . . . 5 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 major 
 
 . . . . 4 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 captain 
 
 . . . . 3 
 
 5 ? 
 
 5 > 
 
 55 
 
 subaltern .... 
 
 . . . . 2 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 Parole, “ 
 
 „ staff-officer 2 
 
 Head-quarters , September 22 d, 1775. 
 Lynn”; countersign, “Marblehead.” 
 
 55 
 
 The under-named prisoners, tried by a general court-martial for 
 mutiny, riot, and disobedience of orders, are severally guilty of the 
 crimes wherewith they are accused ; and the court, upon due consider- 
 ation of the evidences, do adjudge that the prisoner, Joseph Seales, 
 receive thirty-nine lashes upon his bare back, and be drummed out of 
 the army; and that the prisoners, John Gillard, Jacob Smallwood. 
 John Peltro, Samuel Grant, Hugh Renny, James Jeffry, Charles 
 Alcrain, Samuel Hannis, Charles Pearce, James Williams, John Kelly, 
 John Bryan, and Philip Florence, do each of them receive twenty 
 lashes upon his bare back, and be drummed out of the army ; the 
 prisoners, Lawrence Blake, Samuel Bodine, John Besom, Benj a Bar- 
 tholomew, Francis Ellis, Joseph Lawrence, John Sharp, John Poor, 
 Joseph Fessenden, John Foster, John Lis, Lawrence Bartlet, Philip 
 Greaty, Peter Newell, Samuel Parsons, Jeremiah Daily, Francis 
 Greaton, Richard Pendrick, Robert Hooper, Anthony Lewis, Nicholas 
 Ogleby, and Thomas Metyard, be fined twenty shillings lawful money 
 each, — Joseph Foster, Joseph Lawrence, and Joseph Fessenden being 
 recommended by the court-martial as proper objects of mercy. The 
 Commander-in-chief is pleased to remit their fine, and to order the 
 sentence upon all the others to be put in execution,’ at guard-mounting, 
 to-morrow morning. Those upon Prospect Hill to receive their pun- 
 ishment there ; the rest at the main-guard.* 
 
 John George Frazer, Esq., being appointed assistant to the Quarter- 
 Master- General for the district of Prospect and Winter Hill, he is to 
 be obeyed as such. 
 
 Colonel Starks, of New Hampshire, having complained that, through 
 mistake or inadvertency in the court which was appointed to settle 
 the rank of the regiments and officers of this army, he had not justice 
 
 * The copy of this order in 4 Force’s “ American Archives,” III. 855, has 
 John Lee instead of Lis, Peter Neivelle instead of Newell, and Francis Greater 
 instead of Greaton. The last two variations are probably misprints. — Eds. 
 
84 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 done him, even upon the principles which they themselves had laid 
 down for their government in that matter, the General orders that 
 the brigadier and the six field-officers who composed that court do sit 
 to-morrow morning, at nine o’clock, to inquire into the cause of this 
 complaint. At the same time, if Colonel Doolittle, who has also ex- 
 pressed some dissatisfaction on account of his rank, can urge any thing 
 new to the court, he may be heard. 
 
 The court are desired, likewise, to settle the rank of the officers of 
 the rifle companies posted at Roxbuiy. 
 
 Head-quarters, September 23 d, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “Newbury”; countersign, “Plymouth.” 
 
 Officer of the day for to-morrow, Major Woods. 
 
 Adjutant of the day, Tyler. 
 
 Head-quarters, September 2 ith, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Quebec ” ; countersign, “ Richmond.” 
 
 Major Scarborough Gridley, tried at a late general court-martial, 
 whereof Brigadier-General Green was president, for being deficient in 
 his duty upon the 17th of June last, the day of the action upon 
 Bunker’s Hill. The court find Major Scarborough Gridley guilty of 
 a breach of orders. They do therefore dismiss him from the Massa- 
 chusetts service; but on account of his inexperience and youth, and 
 the great confusion which attended that day’s transaction in general, 
 they do not consider him incapable of a Continental commission, 
 should the general officers recommend him to his Excellency. The 
 General confirms the dismission of Major Scarborough Gridley, and 
 orders it to take place accordingly. 
 
 George Hamilton, soldier in Captain Dexter’s company, in Colonel 
 Woodbridge’s regiment, tried at a general court-martial, whereof Colo- 
 nel Nixon was president, for stealing a blue great-coat, the property 
 of Solomon Lathrop. The court find the prisoner guilty of the charge, 
 and sentence him to receive thirty lashes upon the bare back, and to be 
 drummed out of the army ; and order his captain to deduct 10s. 10 d. 
 lawful money out of' his pay, and pay it to Mr. Penyer, for so much 
 paid by him to the prisoner on the coat, and that the coat be returned 
 to Mr. Lathrop. Jonathan Sharpe, of Captain Loise’s company, in 
 Colonel Phiuney’s regiment, tried at the same court-martial for steal- 
 ing cartridges from his comrades, is acquitted. The General orders 
 the sentence upon the prisoner Hamilton to be executed, and the pris- 
 oner Sharpe to be released. 
 
 The General directs the following minutes from the House of Rep- 
 resentatives of this colony to be inserted in the General Orders : — 
 
 In the House of Representatives, Sept. 23, 1775. 
 
 Resolved, that the Speaker, Mr. Gerry, and Major Hawley be, and 
 they hereby are, appointed a committee to apply to his Excellency, 
 George Washington, Esq., with a desire of this House, that he will 
 as soon as may be, cause a return to be made of the names of the 
 
1876.] 
 
 ORDERLY BOOK. 
 
 85 
 
 officers nnd men to each regiment established by this Colony, and 
 now in the American army, respectively belonging, including such of 
 each regiment as are deceased since its establishment, or have been 
 drafted for the detachment ordered to Quebec, and specifying the 
 names of the towns and other places from which they were respec- 
 tively enlisted, in order to enable the court to rectify and prevent any 
 error in accounts which have been, or may be, rendered for payment 
 of blankets and other articles supplied the soldiers according to the 
 terms of their enlistments. 
 
 A true copy from the minutes. 
 
 Attest : Samuel Freeman, Clerk. 
 
 The inquiry into the conduct of Dr. Church, director-general of 
 the hospital, and the respective regimental surgeons, to be held to- 
 morrow, in Colonel Frye’s brigade. 
 
 The general court-martial whereof General Green was president 
 is dissolved. 
 
 Head-quarters , Cambridge, September 25th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “ Sandwich ” ; countersign, “ Truro.” 
 
 As frequent applications to the majors-general for furloughs have 
 become very troublesome, and takes up much of their time, the follow- 
 ing method of granting them, for the future, is to be observed, and 
 under no pretence whatsoever to be dispensed with, until further orders 
 on this head; viz. : The colonel, or commanding officers of regiments 
 or corps, when they find it really requisite, and not else, have permission 
 to give furloughs to the non-commissioned officers and soldiers of the 
 corps they respectively command, provided they do not suffer more 
 than two privates to be absent at any one time from a company, and 
 not more than one non-commissioned officer; nor allowing any person 
 to be absent from his duty more than twenty days in six months. In 
 extraordiuary cases, a further indulgence may be given by the general 
 of brigade, upon application from the colonel. All commissioned offi- 
 cers are to apply for leave of absence through their own colonel or 
 commanding officer, to the general of brigade to which they belong, 
 who is desired never to suffer more than one field-officer and four 
 others to be absent at any one time from a regiment, nor for more than 
 twenty days in six months. In extraordinary cases, a further indul- 
 gence may be given by the major-general commanding each division, 
 upou the application of the brigadiers of his divison. 
 
 As the committee have settled the rank between Colonel Stark and 
 Colonel Jon a Brewer, the General desires the colonels of the regi- 
 ments jST os. 6, 7, and 8 will apply immediately for Continental com- 
 missions for the officers of their respective corps ; and that the three 
 next regiments in succession will apply to-morrow morning ; and so 
 three every morning afterwards, until the whole are served. 
 
 Head-quarters, September 26 th, 1775. 
 
 Parole, “Virginia”; countersign, “ Waltham.” 
 
 For the future, the weekly returns on Saturdays are to be made 
 
86 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 [Oct. 
 
 in the old form. The majors of brigade will give printed forms, as 
 usual, to the adjutants of every brigade, at orderly time, to-morrow. 
 
 Rank of the Regiments of Foot in the service of the United Colonies. 
 
 Colonels. 
 
 1. Frye. 
 
 2. Thompson. 
 
 3. Reed. 
 
 4. Learnerd. 
 
 5. Nixon. 
 
 6. J. Brewer. 
 
 7. Stark. 
 
 8. Fellows. 
 
 9. D. Brewer. 
 
 10. Prescott. 
 
 11. Poor. 
 
 12. Varnum. 
 
 13. Parsons. 
 
 14. Hitchcock. 
 
 15. Church. 
 
 16. Cotton. 
 
 17. Little. 
 
 18. Danielson. 
 
 19. Mansfield. 
 
 20. Reed. 
 
 21. Glover. 
 
 22. Walker. 
 
 23. Whitcomb. 
 
 24. Doolittle. 
 
 25. Woodbridge. 
 
 26. Patterson. 
 
 27. Bridge. 
 
 28. Sargeant. 
 
 29. Huntingdon. 
 
 30. Scammon. 
 
 31. Phinney. 
 
 32. Ward. 
 
 33. Wyllis. 
 
 34. Stores. 
 
 35. Bailey. 
 
 36. Greaton. 
 
 37. 
 
 38. 
 
 39. 
 
 40. 
 
 Lleut.-Colouels. 
 
 1. Wyman. 
 
 2. Tyler. 
 
 3. Hand. 
 
 4. Glaveland. 
 
 5. McDuffee. 
 
 6. Hutchinson. 
 
 7. Shepard. 
 
 8. Moulton. 
 
 9. Nixon. 
 
 10. Holden. 
 
 11. March. 
 
 12. Alden. 
 
 13. Eager. 
 
 14. Putnam. 
 
 15. Cornell. 
 
 16. Babcock. 
 
 17. Pitkin. 
 
 18. Stores. 
 
 19. Smith. 
 
 20. Clapp. 
 
 21. Bond. 
 
 22. Gillman. 
 
 23. Brickett. 
 
 24. Robertson. 
 
 25. Reed. 
 
 26. Baldwin. 
 
 27. Keys. 
 
 28. Buckminster. 
 
 29. Leonard. 
 
 30. Miller. 
 
 31. Whitney. 
 
 32. Johonnot. 
 
 33. Brown. 
 
 34. Douglass. 
 
 35. Durkee. 
 
 36. Thompson. 
 
 37. Enon. 
 
 38. Mitchel. 
 
 39. Yose. 
 
 40. Barnes. 
 
 Majors. 
 
 1. Poor. 
 
 2. Clarke. 
 
 3. Bowne. 
 
 4. Holman. 
 
 5. Jackson. 
 
 6. Wiston. 
 
 7. Putnam. 
 
 8. Prentice. 
 
 9. McGaw. 
 
 10. Green. 
 
 11. Sawyer. 
 
 12. Smith. 
 
 13. Cilly. 
 
 14. Angell. 
 
 15. Tupper. 
 
 16. Sprout. 
 
 17. D. Wood. 
 
 18. Sherburne. 
 
 19. Buttrick. 
 
 20. Austin. 
 
 21. Cady. 
 
 22. M. Wood. 
 
 23. Cud worth. 
 
 24. Danielson. 
 
 25. Leonard. 
 
 26. Lee. 
 
 27. Collins. 
 
 28. Hall. 
 
 29. Brooks. 
 
 30. Stacy. 
 
 31. Mitchel. 
 
 32. Johnston. 
 
 33. Loring. 
 
 34. Meigs. 
 
 35. Jacobs. 
 
 36. Biglow. 
 
 37. Moore. 
 
 38. 
 
 39. 
 
 40. 
 
REMINISCENCES 
 
 COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 12 
 
REMINISCENCES 
 
 OP 
 
 COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 The foregoing sketch will have interest for the general reader, com- 
 ing as it does from one who took so lively an interest in the events and 
 the actors of the American revolutionary period, and who did so much 
 by voice and pen to perpetuate their memory. 
 
 To descendants and relatives of the subject, this memoir must be 
 the more welcome for having been prepared by his townsman and 
 friend, whose “memory went back to the time when Colonel Henshaw 
 was in active life,” and who, therefore, could add to his historical inter- 
 est that of personal knowledge and friendship. Mr. Washburn said 
 he “ took pleasure and pride in the belief that the men and events of 
 other days are treasured up where their personal history will be kept 
 sacred,” and he further remarked that “ In the honor and good name 
 of my native town, I feel an interest next to that I entertain for my 
 own father and mother. I consider that the name and personal his- 
 tory of William Henshaw belong to this class.” 
 
 It is not inappropriate to state here, that to this deep interest in the 
 “men and events of other days,” his regard for his townsmen, and to 
 his familiar acquaintance with Colonel Henshaw and his official papers, 
 we are in a great degree indebted for the recovery of the Orderly- 
 Book herewith given. He rejoiced in its restoration to its owner, after 
 having been lost for many years, “ considering it as closely identified 
 with the personal history of its writer.” That a manuscript he con- 
 sidered of so much interest and value should be preserved, Mr. Wash- 
 burn urged its publication, offering, as a mark of personal regard, to 
 accompany it by a sketch of the more public life and acts of Colonel 
 
90 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 Henskaw. When finished, he pronounced it “ the performance of a 
 very pleasant duty.” 
 
 May not this memoir, one of the latest employments of a useful and 
 honorable life, he received ky the friends who knew both subject and 
 writer, as a valued and enduring legacy ? 
 
 The spot of one’s childhood and youth may be an object of greater 
 or less interest, as well as the circumstances, associations, and influences 
 tending to the formation of opinions, habits, and character. 
 
 William Henskaw’s childhood was spent in Boston, in a house built 
 by his father, Daniel Henshaw, on laud bought of his father-in-law, 
 Joseph Bass, Esq. The acknowledgment of the deed for this land was 
 taken by “Samuel Adams, (senior,) J. Peace, the 12th day of March, 
 Anno Domini, 1734-5.” This house was situated on the east side of what 
 was long called Rainsford’s Lane. It was then considered a handsome 
 house, of two stories, with a hipped roof, the chambers uuder it being 
 lighted with luthern windows. The fireplaces of the front rooms were 
 adorned with pictured tiles. The front door opened from [the south 
 side, into a yard handsomely paved with pebble-stones. South of this 
 was a large garden, the grounds beyond this enclosure extending to the 
 water, with “ a small House, the Distill House, and a Cooper’s Shop 
 thereon.” After the removal of its owner, 1748, it was rented until 
 his decease, when it was sold by those inheriting it. For many years 
 it was occupied by Nathaniel Coffin, the “ quarterly payment of rent 
 being £6-13-4.” It was the birthplace of Admiral Sir Isaac Coffin 
 and his brother General John Coffin. Sir Isaac was greatly attached 
 to this home of his childhood and youth, and whenever he visited Bos- 
 ton gratified this attachment by looking at every apartment of the 
 house. The Coffin family found it expedient, if not necessary, to 
 remove from this abode some time before the evacuation of Boston, 
 when they departed with the British army to Halifax, thence to 
 England. 
 
 Some of the families then living in this vicinity may be known by a 
 “ List of the Names of sundry Persons deceas’d since I removed from 
 Boston, which was Sept r . 17 : 1748, — all of whom I knew, and Severall 
 of mine Acquaintance in Boston,” written out by Daniel Henshaw, 
 ninety-three in number. “William Lambert, Esq r ., Comptrouller of 
 the Customs, a near Neighbour for more than 20 Years. John Indi- 
 cott, for 30 Years, an Acquaintance and of the same Congregation, 
 (the New South,) Thomas Child, a noted Distiller, a Neighbour and 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 91 
 
 an Acquaintance. Thomas Dawes, a Mason, formerly a near Neigh- 
 bour. Robert Auchmuty, a very able Lawyer, & a very near Neigh- 
 bour for more than 20 Years. Jonathan Tilden, my next door 
 Neighbour, and an Acquaintance. Jn°. Arburthinott, a next door 
 Neighbour, and a near Neighbour for almost 20 Years.” 
 
 Close beside this home was the Bass estate, where relatives lived, 
 “ next Door Neighbours ” also ; other branches of the same family being 
 settled about them. 
 
 William’s grandfather, Joshua Ilenshaw, lived in the house built by 
 himself on Newbury Street, now the north corner of Washington 
 Street and Hayward Place. His uncle, Joshua, junior, lived on 
 Sudbury Street, while uncles and cousins were scattered about the 
 town, making a large circle of family friends, eminently social in their 
 nature, and with strong attachments to their kindred. He was blessed 
 with parents who were judicious and faithful in guiding their charge; 
 exemplary in their own lives, their example and influence in the domestic 
 sanctuary was salutary and permanent. They related to their children 
 the accounts handed down to them of their courageous and heroic an- 
 cestors in defence of the Protestant faith, and of others in later times 
 in defence of civil liberties. They told their young listeners the story 
 of another ancestor of the more recent past, John Alden, the cooper ; 
 his embarking on the Mayflower at Southampton, and choosing to share 
 the fortunes and fate of the Pilgrims rather than a return to his former 
 home and to ease ; of his being selected by the great and brave Cap- 
 tain Standish as a trusty friend and messenger on an important occa- 
 sion, with an important overture ; of the naive reply of Miss Priscilla, 
 as it passed from the lips of one generation to those of another till it 
 had reached them, “ Prythee, John, why not ask for thyself? ” They 
 dwelt upon the useful service rendered to the governor and the infant 
 colony by this man, his prolonged life, peaceful death, and “ honourable 
 burial.” 
 
 Of the father, Daniel Henshaw, it has been stated that “ he was re- 
 markable for sincerity and unostentatious piety. He had sound judg- 
 ment, and much legal knowledge. His education, though not collegiate, 
 was superior for the times in which he lived. He was a good mathe- 
 matician, a fine penman, and possessed a lively imagination. History 
 was his favorite study, in which he was a proficient. He had a good 
 library, and in leisure hours read much, acquiring a fund of useful 
 information. A lover of justice and the equal rights of man, he was 
 often resorted to as referee or arbitrator in difficult cases. As an 
 
92 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 officiating magistrate, a large part of the justice’s business in that part 
 of the county where he in later life resided was transacted by him. In 
 his nature and habits he was retiring, and rather avoided than sought 
 office ; yet he was chosen to offices in the town to which he removed, 
 from his settlement there to the time of his death. Like his brother 
 Joshua, and their forefathers, he was a strong liberty man , and took 
 an active part in the deliberations of town-meetings antecedent to the 
 war of the Revolution, being the author of several spirited reports and 
 resolutions.” * 
 
 He saw his country declare itself independent, and witnessed the 
 most determined efforts to maintain this condition, in which he joined 
 by employing others, at great expense, as substitutes for the work he 
 could not perform, while encouraging and cheering onward three sons 
 who gave themselves to this service. 
 
 While the British troops were quartered in Boston, he suffered much 
 loss of property, one house being badly damaged, and another wholly 
 destroyed by them. He lived to a good old age. He was born in 
 Boston, December 3, 1701, and died at Leicester, November 18, 1781. 
 
 Of the mother, Elizabeth (Bass) Ilenshaw, it is said: “She had 
 the happiness to be born of excellent parents (Joseph and Mary Bass). 
 Her grandmother was the daughter of the IIon ble John Alden, Esq r ., 
 one of them who came the first from England to this Country. 
 Her Mother died when she was young, her Father therefore had the 
 Educating of her; the youngest of his three Daughters, she was his 
 beloved Daughter : he was very fond of her, and took great Care not 
 only for her polite breeding, but for her religious Education, and she 
 was in Subjection to him with all Gravity. She was unspotted from 
 those vanities and views which are the too common blemishes of un- 
 guarded Youth. She was a Pattern of strict virtue, morality and good 
 Carriage, and as bright an Example of Piety and Devotion, early ad- 
 dicting herself to retirement for Closet Duties, delighting in Prayer, 
 Meditation, in reading and hearing God’s Word, and in religious ac- 
 quaintance and Conference. Her Piety was undissembled — a vital 
 Reality , built on solid Principles inspired from above ; and so by 
 patient continuance in well-doing from her Youth up, she came to be 
 an Experimental Saint. She was very Exemplary to the last, and died 
 well reported of for good Works, having suitably brought up her Chil- 
 
 * Reminiscences, by the late Daniel Hensliaw of Boston, and by the late 
 Miss Anna Hensliaw of Leicester. 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 93 
 
 dren, and guided well her House, having relieved the Afflicted, and 
 diligently followed every good Work. 
 
 “Some passages of her Frame and Carriage in her last Hours may 
 tend to the honour of God’s Grace in and with her, or be proper for 
 the Children’s Imitation, Encouragement and Quickning. Her pa- 
 tience was admirable; she bore what pain she had, with a Christian 
 Silence and Firmness of Spirit — she had Fortitude of Mind: her 
 contempt of worldly Vauity was singular, her Resignation remarkable. 
 Her words were, ‘I fully submit to the Will of my Heavenly Father 
 — his Will be done.’ 
 
 “ Let God have the glory of those shining gifts and graces that 
 adorned her Character, and let her children often call to mind, admire, 
 and speak of those many Excellencies which are now perfected. What 
 a loving aud careful wife — what a true and constant Friend, and kind, 
 obliging Neighbour. Let them endeavour modestly to set forth all the 
 various and bright parts of her Character which made her Person so 
 lovely and commendable to them while she lived, and will render her 
 memory ever precious and delightful to them now she is gone, and 
 which in her lifetime she desired in great humility, might be hid as 
 much as possible from the view and observation of the world, but 
 which it is now an honor and a laudable thing to relate, as her de- 
 served praise. Let her friends remember and imitate her virtues and 
 walk in the same Spirit — call up her Reverence and Love for the 
 Word and Ordinances, Sabbath and Servants of the Lord, — her 
 Godly Sincerity, tenderness of heart, continual circumspection over 
 herself, her undisguised Humility, unaffected Gravity, Reservedness, 
 Meekness, Modesty, Peaceableness and Patience ; her Charity and 
 Prudence, her Diligence in business, and Fidelity in all Relations. 
 May the happy Influence of her Example cause them to walk within 
 their houses with a perfect heart, and to bring up their children in the 
 Nurture and Admonition of the Lord, and being fruitful in every good 
 Work, may they contribute Something towards filling up the Breach 
 made by her removal, in the Family, the Church and the World. Her 
 children should bless God for so good a Mother to bring them up — 
 one of so good a Disposition, easy and soft, yet without weakness ; so 
 Prudent in her Conduct towards them, using Authority without Se- 
 verity — a faithful Monitor, exciting them to Duty, reproving for 
 Sin, warning them against Temptations, directing them in Difficulties, 
 encouraging them under Doubts and Fears, comforting them under 
 Troubles and Afflictions, and confirming them in the ways of Truth. 
 
94 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 These and many other good offices, they ought to remember with a 
 grateful sense of Divine goodness to them herein. Let them gather 
 up as many as they can, of the wise Sayings and gracious Words that 
 fell from her lips, and resolve to act conformable to these wholesome 
 Instructions. A diligent Imitation of her pious Example will be the 
 best Expression of their Love for her. To transcribe her Virtues and 
 exhibit the Image of her Perfections in their own lives, will he to 
 erect for her the most honourary and lasting Monument ; and as she 
 has done, they will leave a sweet Perfume on their Names at Death, 
 and perhaps, in like manner, leave their Posterity to serve God on 
 Earth, while they shall be praising Him in Heaven.” * 
 
 This delineation by her pastor, who knew her in later life, and had 
 direct information of her childhood and youth, would represent a 
 character of exalted worth, — one calculated to make its own impress, 
 in a greater or less degree, upon those committed to her charge. Mrs. 
 Henshaw was the mother of fourteen children, several dying in in- 
 fancy. She lived to see the eight remaining ones all settled in life, 
 her sons occupying posts of usefulness and honor. She was born 
 in Braintree, February 2, 1704, and died at Leicester, October 17, 
 1774. 
 
 In this favored spot, under kindly and watchful influences at home, 
 and fostering circumstances around him, William enjoyed the advan- 
 tages of the Boston schools, pursuing studies preparatory to a college 
 course. Under the tuition and discipline of the famous “Master John 
 Lovell,” at the South Grammar School he had already made consid- 
 erable proficiency in the classical department and in mathematics, 
 when it was decided to remove from Boston to Leicester, his father 
 having within a few years come into possession of the lot purchased by 
 his father of the original proprietors of the latter place. 
 
 Educational opportunities, the advantages of commercial exchange, 
 the enjoyment of refined social intercourse, and the society of a large 
 circle of congenial friends and beloved relatives, were all cheerfully 
 given up ; town and seaport life exchanged for a distant abode in the 
 almost unbroken wilderness, where but few families had settled, and 
 those few quite scattered and separated. So with hopeful hearts, 
 though saddened by the recent death of their son John, a youth of 
 
 * From a “ Sermon occasioned by the much lamented Death of Mrs. Eliza- 
 beth Henshaw, the amiable Wife of Daniel Henshaw, Esqq” preached on the 
 Sabbath following her death by Rev. Benjamin Conklin, Leicester. 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 95 
 
 sixteen, these parents left the fresh-made graves* of parents and child, 
 and bade a cheerful adieu to friends. In the bright September days 
 they and their five young children set out for Leicester, and after a 
 long (measured by the time required for it) and fatiguing ride through 
 “forests primeval” and intervening swamps and over the highest hills 
 they reached their destination. Passing by the two only houses then 
 erected upon the Leicester line, situated on the beautiful Chestnut 
 Hill, they left the “ country road,” laid out and built but a few years 
 before, for a narrow one, little more than a cart-path, leading to, 
 and terminating at, their house, about half a mile distant from any 
 neighbor. This, like most houses in the settlement, was low, un- 
 painted, and small, the size seeming quite disproportioned to the num- 
 ber of its intended occupants, of primitive design and architecture, 
 with windows of diamond-shaped glass, and a porch projecting from 
 one end. At sight of this, a younger sister | exclaimed, “O father, 
 this is the Leicester Jail, is n’t it ? ” A dismal sight it must have been 
 to the expectant eye of childhood, according to modern descriptions of 
 the old Boston Jail of that time on Queen Street. “ The old prison, 
 ugly and uncouth.” She readily believed the assurance that it was 
 no jail, but their own new home, on entering it and finding the ne- 
 groes awaiting them, with the household effects which had required 
 many a journey to Boston with a yoke of oxen to transport them 
 hither. This was the “ Farm at Leicester,” whence they had some- 
 times received dairy supplies, situated in a pleasant spot, somewhat ele- 
 vated, but sheltered from the bleak west winds by the surrounding hills, 
 which, with the intervale and the cultivated fields, formed a picturesque 
 scenery, enjoyed by them and by succeeding generations ; while from 
 other elevations in that vicinity the more distant view, as the coun- 
 try became settled, and villages and village-spires dotted the land- 
 scape, was truly magnificent, — one only of the many grand view, 
 afforded by the hills of Leicester. This was the tract allotted to 
 Joshua Henshaw by the original proprietary or company, who, liv- 
 ing mostly in Roxbury, used to meet the Boston proprietors at that 
 famous resort for important meetings, the Green Dragon Tavern 
 
 * The Granary Burying-ground, where the Bass and Henshaw tombs may 
 still be seen. 
 
 t Mary Belcher Henshaw, named for her maternal grandmother, afterwards 
 Mrs. Wheeler. 
 
 13 
 
96 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 where they agreed upon the conditions and method of grants and set- 
 tlement of their township. 
 
 After obtaining a valid title to his house-lot, No. 22, Mr. Ilenshaw 
 took measures to fulfil the “ conditions ” by having it occupied by oth- 
 ers, he having sons who could engage in this pioneer enterprise. This 
 Joshua Ilenshaw 2d, sou of the first Joshua Henshaw, who came from 
 England to America, was born at Dorchester in 1672, and settled in 
 Boston, entering into business at an early age. He is said to have 
 been an acting magistrate, a ship-owner, and an extensive merchant, 
 in which latter business he became wealthy. He was a distiller, and 
 traded occasionally at Bermudas, Virginia, and elsewhere, but more 
 frequently shipped cargoes of provisions and ship’s stores in his sloop 
 “ Daniel ” to Canseau, where he was largely interested in the fish- 
 eries. 
 
 At first the original owner of this place in Leicester built a cabin 
 upon it for the use of servants sent from Boston, to make a beginning 
 in cultivation and settlement. Several amusing accounts of adveu- 
 tures and experiences in the outset of wilderness life were given by 
 the first resident families on this spot. One is thus humorously related 
 by a descendant * : “ One summer a couple of negro men were sent up 
 to open a clearing and cultivate vegetables, with a cow, provisions, and 
 a sack of samp for subsistence. On coming into their cabin one warm 
 evening for their accustomed repast, what was their horror to find a 
 striped snake coiled up in their tray of milk, surfeited and suffocated. 
 Never having seen a snake before, the poor blacks were sadly terrified 
 at this manifestation of the Evil One, for they verily believed it was 
 Satan himself in the form of the same reptile that had appeared to 
 Missus Eve, and tempted her to commit sin. They had left Boston 
 soon after the smallqjox had been brought into that place, by the Sea- 
 Horse from Barbadoes, and the hearts of all were failing them through 
 fear. Such a state of feeling, brought with them from home, no doubt 
 added intenseness to their affright. After solemn consideration, they 
 resolved how to behave in the trying hour of temptation : they would 
 not be overcome of evil, but would overcome this evil one by heaping 
 coals of fire on his head, and not his head only, but his whole length 
 of body should be cast into devouring flames. Whereupon they kin- 
 dled a large fire of brush, and gravely bore the vessel containing his 
 snakeship and poured the contents into the crackling flames, and then 
 
 * H. G. Hensbaw, Leicester. 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 97 
 
 sang a Te Deum over their conflict and victory. Think now of their 
 astonishment and mortification when, on relating their valiant encounter 
 to a passing neighbor the next day, it excited, not, as they expected, 
 wonder and rejoicing, but only a smile of derision.” As the whole 
 country abounded in these enemies of mankind, the blacks probably 
 had many another “valiant encounter” with these Satanic agencies, 
 and were able to resist the temptation ; or, becoming familiarized to it, 
 perhaps they yielded to temptation when presented in another form ; 
 for records show that at a town-meeting, a few years after, it was “ Voted , 
 to allow to any of the Inhabitants of the Town, the Sum of Six Pence 
 pr. lied for Killing of Rattel Snakes that shall be Killed in this Town 
 the Year Ensuing.” 
 
 John, the third son of the proprietor, tried the experiment of a forest 
 life; and a house was built for him in . 1735, which was in a few 
 years consumed by fire, and another house built, and lost also by fire. 
 “ It was set on fire by a female slave in his family, who had come with 
 them from Boston, and, being homesick, adopted this as a means of 
 compelling her master to return to that place.” (Washburn’s History 
 of Leicester). The town offered a remuneration, after action upon the 
 question “ if y e Town will abate Mr. John Henshawe’s Rates that he 
 was assest that Year his House was burnt.” His dwelling being at the 
 extreme northeast portion of the town, it was a long ride through the 
 winding ways in the dense woods and over the several hills to the 
 meeting-house, of a Sabbath-day, yet he early took measures to secure 
 a sitting therein ; as on “ Fryday, 29th Apr. 1737, at a Town Meeting 
 legally convened,” the inhabitants were called upon “ To see if y e 
 Town will grant to Mr. John Henshawe that Pew which was formerly 
 granted to Mr. Rowland Taylor,” and it was “ Voted that Mr. John Hen- 
 shawe have that Pew that was formerly Mr. Rowland Taylor’s, by his 
 paying the Sum of 30 Shillings to y e Town & y e cost of building y e Pew, 
 & to have it upon y e same Foundations as all others Pews are granted.” 
 The losses, dissatisfaction of dependents, and other inconveniences and 
 hardships, induced him to abandon the undertaking, give up his “im- 
 provements,” and return to his native town. Daniel IJ. became 
 possessor of the place, which was rented for several years to a tenant, 
 who made more progress in cultivation and improvement, until in 1748, 
 as before stated, he removed thither and made it his permanent abode. 
 
 This new mode of life furnished continual novelties throughout the 
 year, and the stimulus of enterprise and effort supplied in some degree 
 the lack of social intercourse and superior advantages which they had 
 
98 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 relinquished. The warm season gave variety to employment in “ break- 
 ing stubble,” “ ditching meddows,” “ splitting y e bills,” in planting, 
 particularly orchards, repairs and enlargement of buildings, or con- 
 structing new ones ; while the winter time was improved for felling 
 the monarchs of the forest, which furnished such immense “logs” for 
 timber, as well as fuel for the capacious and rapacious fireplaces and 
 the immense ovens which every house, however small, must have, 
 Another important object in reducing the forests was to make paths 
 and roads to neighboring habitations, otherwise almost inaccessible. 
 This thinning out on the hills, particularly the long Indian hill that 
 stretched before them, served to exhibit to better advantage the natural 
 beauty that was so attractive and delightful to this family and suc- 
 ceeding ones. Here the family, parents and children, gave attention 
 to learning themselves, and to encouraging in others the useful domestic 
 arts, and while continuing to use the costly fabrics and more finished 
 articles of foreign manufacture, yet they chose to unite with others, in 
 town or country life, in the laborious but praiseworthy employments of 
 domestic manufacture. This being not the constraint of necessity, but 
 the virtue of a ready conformity to existing customs, proved a valuable 
 aid in subsequent years of trials and grievances caused by the exactions 
 and oppressive measures of the home government, when the spirit of 
 liberty dictated and guided the whole community in their action, con- 
 ferring honor and grace upon all these pursuits of daily life, however 
 humble and lowly. The pasture lands abounded in herds of cattle 
 and flocks of sheep to furnish materials for clothing. The cultivation 
 of flax was entered upon largely. The negroes not being skilled in the 
 various accomplishments of preparing the materials for use, and the 
 daughters too young, the services of some neighboring spinster, or 
 townsman, were depended on for spinning, dyeing, and weaving, until 
 they could learn the process. 
 
 The negroes were six in number, Prymus, Pompey, Joe, Will, 
 Pegg, and Jenny ; the distinction in family names being “ son Joseph, 
 or Josy,” and “man Joe”; “son William, or Billy,” and “boy Will.” 
 In 1751 Daniel II. made a conveyance of Pompey to his brother 
 Joshua for the consideration of “ £425 Old Tenor, equal to Lawful 
 Money £121 — 1 — 6.” Probably the others, in time, returned to 
 Boston, to be employed about the “ Wharff” or “ Distill house.” The 
 domesticated condition of the women shows happiness, and a kind 
 regard to their necessities. Pegg received regular wages. She was 
 “ brought up from Boston in a chaise,” two days each for going and 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 99 
 
 returning, and “ her goods carted up from Boston.” She brought a 
 little child also, that died soon after their arrival, and received a 
 Christian burial. Dina, an aged negro woman belonging to Joshua 
 Henshaw, was sent here to have a good home, where she would be 
 well cared for by those she had known and tended in their child- 
 hood; and for seven years she received “Nursing and Attendance 
 when sick of the Gout at sundry Times, and the making and mending 
 of her Cloathing.” A still greater expense was borne “ in her Death- 
 led, Sickness of 55 Weeks,” followed by her “Funerall.” 
 
 The care of houses and other property in Boston, and the purposes 
 of merchandise, caused frequent journeys thither with the “ chair,” a 
 vehicle but little used in the place, and which, with other conven- 
 iences, customs, apparel, etc., appear to have excited discomfort or 
 envy in some quarters. “ It required a great degree of humility and 
 virtuous resolution for a man in easy circumstances to leave the 
 blandishments of a place of wealth and business for a home where a 
 few scattered spots in the wilderness were the principal evidences of 
 civilization and settlement. Yet with all his humility in penetrating 
 the wilderness, my grandfather did not get beyond the operation and 
 effects of ‘ poor human nature.’ At the time of going from Boston to 
 Leicester, the dress and manners of himself and family, as would 
 naturally be expected, appeared very different from those of the inhabi- 
 tants longer settled in the place, and accustomed to its modes of life. 
 This difference proved the cause of some envy, and brought pride 
 from its lurking-place. The following anecdote was related to me by 
 Samuel Allen, Esq., our venerable county treasurer, some allusion 
 to which I had heard many years before. Not long after the removal 
 of my grandfather to Leicester, one of his neighbors, more remarkable 
 for pride than for good judgment, dressed himself out in the most fantas- 
 tic and ridiculous finery, — a green Calimanco coat, a gold-laced hat, 
 gaudy and parti-colored small-clothes and stockings, and withal a 
 huge sword dangling by his side ! In this queer costume he made his 
 debut at church, where all eyes were soon upon him. It seems he 
 expected not only the admiration, but the respect of every beholder ; 
 and, highly respecting himself in .his new dignity, would, every now 
 and then, with much self-complacency, survey himself from head to 
 foot, while the whole congregation was obliged to exert every faculty 
 to preserve a decent appearance of sobriety. The exercises being 
 closed, the people, instead of approaching the new dignitary with that 
 awe and respectful reserve he had anticipated, crowded around him 
 
100 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 rather rudely, pressing the taunting question from all quarters, ‘ What 
 is the meaning of all this, Mr. X. ? ’ The poor man, exasperated by 
 their insults, and finding no way of escape, made this sudden explosion 
 of the mystery: ‘If I must tell you, it is to let the Henshaws know 
 that there ’s a God in Israel.’ Probably Mr. X. lived to have his 
 mortification increased by finding that there was no man in the region 
 more remarkable for humility than his supposed proud neighbor, 
 Henshaw, who appeared to be in no way solicitous for distinction, 
 but rather avoided office and public life, and lived, as he wished, a 
 peaceful, contented, and exemplary life.”* 
 
 The family brought with them a well-domesticated dog, Hero, - — 
 familiarly known to the households of several friends in Boston. On 
 some occasions of sudden emergency, when a journey could not be 
 made, he performed most efficient service as express carrier to rela- 
 tives in Boston. He would receive verbal instructions, apparently under- 
 standing them, and, with the letter securely fastened to his neck, would 
 travel at a rapid pace over the hills and valleys, allowing himself no 
 rest till he reached his destination. If he did not gain admittance at 
 the first house of resort, he would trot away to another, where he was 
 sure of a hearty welcome. After sufficient rest and refreshment, he 
 would listen attentively to the directions of friends, and bound away 
 to deliver the return despatches to his home-friends. This practice 
 lasted several years. He was a valuable member of the family, and 
 deserved to be ranked with the Heroes of the past. 
 
 William made his first visit to his native town in the April follow- 
 ing his removal from it, and ever afterwards made it a frequent 
 resort, it having for him the familiarity and attractiveness of a home. 
 Here, in early life, he witnessed scenes of thrilling effect, — sometimes 
 pleasing and instructive entertainments, sometimes occasions of appall- 
 ing fear ; and here he became acquainted with circumstances of lasting 
 interest and importance, some of which, in after-life, he related to 
 friends as mementoes of the past, or as the germ of a rich fruitage to 
 be enjoyed by them and their posterity. 
 
 In the new home, much apart from society, a diffident, retiring, 
 studious youth, he found time to pursue the studies he had begun, to 
 cultivate his natural love of learning and fondness for reading, which 
 his father’s ample library encouraged. He gained further knowledge 
 in Latin and Greek and mathematical application, the various offices 
 
 * Reminiscences, by the late Daniel Henshaw. 
 
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 Hay of df/rt-rH ^ -g In the Tear of the Reign of His 
 
 Majcjty King GEORGE the Second Annoq; Domini, 1 7 yg J 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 101 
 
 and employments of his father affording opportunity for his practice 
 of the latter. He paid much attention to penmanship in its various 
 forms, then considered indispensable for the many uses of writing. 
 The long wintry evenings were enlivened by relating incidents and 
 adventures within the experience or the memory of the parents, by 
 readings, and by the arrival of Boston papers, the “ Gazette ” princi- 
 pally. The limited advantages of country schools made home educa- 
 tion a necessity, and, when their parents had not time for instruction, 
 William found employment in teaching the younger children what he 
 had learned at their age, from the Boston schools. 
 
 Among the specimens of early taste and employments of leisure 
 hours is a singing-book then in use, with many additional pages of 
 “New Tunes,” made by his hand in characters scarcely distinguish- 
 able from engraved scale and notes. Also an entire manuscript 
 “ Arithmetick,” in beautiful penmanship, the rules, tables, and exam- 
 ples drawn out as in print, “ with New & Curious Improvements.” 
 
 As he advanced in years, he engaged in the busy operations of agri- 
 culture, a school of salutary influence on youthful character, and of prac- 
 tical usefulness in coming years, when obliged to give up other pursuits 
 as a business, and enter more entirely upon the cultivation of his lands. 
 
 Ou reaching the age of twenty-one (1756), young Henshaw began 
 to receive wages of his father at the rate of “ 30 shillings pr. Month,” 
 and so continued during the warm season, or for half the year, until 
 September, 1761, excepting an absence in 1759. The winters were 
 given to studies, school-keeping, or employments in the stores of his 
 brothers and other relatives at Boston. He was also engaged in 
 various business transactions for himself, chiefly in husbandry. 
 
 In March, 1759, he was led to join the numbers of those in 
 Worcester County who enlisted in the French War. While at Boston 
 he was notified of his appointment as follows : — 
 
 “Boston, Apr. 10, 1759. 
 
 Sir, — You being appointed a Lieu! in the Regiment commanded 
 by the Hon b .' e Brigadier Gen! Ruggles for the ensueing Campaigne 
 against Canada, 
 
 You are therefore to repair forthwith to Worcester, and there to 
 apply to the Commanding Officer for further Orders. 
 
 N. B. You will receive your Commission therefor. 
 
 By Order of his Honor the Brigadier Gen! 
 
 Joseph Ingersoll, Lt. Col .'” 
 
 Addressed “To Lieu! William Henshaw, Leicester.” 
 
102 
 
 REMINISCENCES OP 
 
 While visiting friends, he obtained the military accoutrements of his 
 uncle Joshua Hensbaw and many other supplies, a large amount of 
 stationery included. Among the items of clothing, or dress, “ an a la 
 mode Neck cloth,” the customary “ Wigg,” and the indispensable 
 “pomatum,” the “sleeve-buttons,” and the “knee-buckles,” and “a 
 Bible, 27s.” lie also received his commission as second lieutenant from 
 Governor Pownall, of whom he heard his uncle speak in pleasing terms, 
 then and afterwards, as one whose administration was so acceptable 
 and beneficial, and of whom it is said “ No inmate of the Province 
 House was more respected or more regretted.” * “ And to his lasting 
 
 honor it should be remembered that he always remained the friend of 
 the Colony, even in the darkest trials of the Revolution. This, though 
 well known, cannot be too often mentioned.” f 
 
 According to instructions he repaired to Worcester, and received 
 marching orders, dated May 9, 1759. “The Carriages to be loaded 
 by Day Break to Morrow Morning, and all the Troops that have past 
 Muster to gett themselves ready to march to Morrow Morning bv Sun- 
 rise.” On Thursday, May 10, he “sat out from Leicester, stop’t at 
 Sargeaut’s, (a public house) for the Billeting Roll, £14 — 8 — 6 Sterling, 
 went to Brother Denny’s to lodge.” Next day overtook the company. 
 This was a new company of fresh recruits, sixty-two in number, includ- 
 ing officers, in carriages and on horses, to thread their route through 
 the wilderness. After a fatiguing ride of fourteen days through “ the 
 Green Woods,” over “the Mountains,” and through “the Contending 
 Lands,” they reached Albany, where they “drawed Tents and Provi- 
 sions, and encamped on the Hill 100 Rods from Albany City.” He 
 kept a diary, and briefly recorded every day’s events from the time of 
 leaving home until his return the next November. These he noted in 
 a small green leather or morocco book with clasp fastening, writing 
 upon the first page, “ William Henshaw’s Orderly & Journal Book. 
 Bought at Fort Edward, June 13 th , 1759. Price 4/6 York Cur- 
 rency.” This book, with the “Regimental Orders” issued by Lieut. - 
 Colonel Ingersoll, “ The Billeting Roll of Capt. Jeduthan Baldwin’s 
 Company, in Col. Tim 0 . Ruggle’s Regiment from the Day of Enlist- 
 ment to that of the Men’s receiving the King’s Provision,” and “ A 
 List of Cap 1 . Whiting’s Detatchment in Garrison from the 1 st Battal- 
 ion Col 0 . Ruggle’s Regiment, Fort Edward, 13 th June, 1759,” are still 
 
 * S. A. Drake’s Old Landmarks and Historic Personages of Boston, 
 t Drake’s Hist. Boston, Vol. II. 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 103 
 
 in preservation, attesting the fidelity and devotedness of these young 
 provincials to the interests of their royal sovereign. A few extracts 
 from this journal may be a specimen of their experience. 
 
 Camp on Albany Hill, 28'* May. — Parole, “Massachusetts.” 
 Orders for desertion to be read to the Provincials. The following de- 
 tachment to be made of the following Troops. They are to be proper 
 men for bateau service : Massachusetts — Connecticut — New Jersey — 
 Rhode Island. 
 
 This detachment to march tomorrow morning to Schenaetada — all 
 to provide themselves immediately with everything they want to carry, 
 that the men be ready to march at the least notice. 
 
 June 5. — Went over the Falls and loaded, went to Fort Millen 
 and unloaded. Drawed our batteaux by land 1 mile. J. P. whipped 
 25 lashes for im — p — ce. Arrived at Fort Edward at 7 o’clock. 
 Paraded — called up to mount guard. 
 
 June 13. — A Rhode Island man whipped 400 lashes. In p. m. 
 drawed lots to go to Fort Edward to keep it. 200 of the Mass, 
 forces, 90 of the Jersey Blues stationed there. — 200 of the Bay men 
 sent to Half-Way Brook — 150 gone to bateauing — 25 at teaming, 
 about 300 in camp. 
 
 June 14. — Drawed a list of our men in Fort Edward. Two R. I. 
 men whipped. One, 1000 lashes, the other, 500 lashes. 
 
 July 23. — Received the Boston Gazette of the 16th inst. Read the 
 news of Samuel Lynde’s house being blown over by a Hurricane ; * 
 also the death of Sir William Pepperill. In the evening heard a ser- 
 mon preached by Mr. Pomroy, Chaplain of a Connecticut regiment, 
 who lodged with us at night. 
 
 July 28. — News by Col. Amherst, that Ticonderoga is in the hands 
 of the English, the 26th inst. in the night. Set on a court-martial 
 to try 2 teamsters for stealing the King’s flour. Sentenced 200 
 lashes each. One pardoned, the other received 75 lashes. Other pris- 
 oners pardoned at news of Ticonderoga being taken. 
 
 Sept. 20. — This morning Dr. Steele t sat out for Little Falls up the 
 
 * A circumstantial account of this disaster is given in the History of 
 Leicester. 
 
 t A Surgeon’s Mate, from Leicester. 
 
 14 
 
104 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 Mohawk River. I walked with him 3 or 4 miles, returned and went 
 to the island — wrote all day, &c. : next day staid in fort and settled 
 accounts with officers. To visit barracks tomorrow, Lt. Ilenshaw ; 
 the bridge and block-house No. 4 to be relieved tomorrow. Capt. 
 Luce, Lt. Fest, Ensign Freeman, and Lieut. Ilenshaw, and Mr. Wash- 
 ington, commissary for the Crown, to inspect some provision said 
 to be damnified, tomorrow morning at 11 o’clock. 
 
 Fort Edward, 16"‘ Oct. — Parole, “ Quebec.” Heard the News of 
 Quebec being taken, Gen. Wolfe and Col. Monckton killed — Gen. 
 Montcalm and the first and second next in command, with 1500 killed 
 and made prisoners. 
 
 Oct. 21. — Heard that the Court had voted to keep the Massachu- 
 setts troops in pay till 12th Dec., at the desire of the General, if the 
 service require it. 
 
 Oct. 31. — Went with a party of 56 men to cut wood — cut and 
 corded 37 cords. Capt. F. from the Lake reports they expect the 
 Provincials will desert tomorrow. 
 
 Fort Edward, Nov. 1 .— -The officers in the garrison to be drawn 
 up by dawn of day, to stop the men in case they should attempt 
 to desert. 1 8 or 20 of the Jersey Blues marched out of the bar- 
 racks with their firelocks and haversacks. Six or seven were 
 stopped before they got out of the sally-port. One was whipped 
 immediately. 
 
 Camp near Crown Point, Nov. 7. — Joined in a mess with Lt. In- 
 gersoll, Lt. Bond and Ensign Sellon. Went to Crown Point. Viewed 
 the old and new forts. Went to Brigadier Euggles. Returned at 
 sunset, and spent the evening with Col. Ingersoll. Was warned for 
 fatigue to-morrow. Report that our troops are to be discharged 
 next Sunday. 
 
 Nov. 10. — Camp near Crown Point. The King’s birthday. Went 
 to Crown Point — the English flag hoisted in the new fort. The 
 Grenadiers drawed up, fired three times ; a band of musick followed 
 them. Towards evening the regiments drawed up and fired; the 
 cannon all discharged at the new fort, and great rejoyceiug throughout 
 the camp on that occasion. 
 
 Nov. 16. — -Up at 4 o’clock. Rainy, bad weather for a march. 
 Battalion set out for the Point. Settled the bateau accompt with Col. 
 Robinson, and set off an hour after battalion. Overtook them at the 
 place of encampment four miles distance ; returned in pursuit of our 
 baggage left behind. Ensign Sellon and I got information that the 
 
 Oo O O O 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 105 
 
 guard on the east side of the lake had taken it. Determine to pur- 
 sue it in the morning. Lodged at Capt. Baldwin’s. 
 
 Nov. 17. — Crown Point. Rose at daylight. Breakfasted with 
 Capt. Baldwin. Went to Maj. Montgomery and informed him of our 
 loss. He ordered the relieving guard to search the old guard’s packs. 
 Searched but did not find. I looked about the old logs and found 
 spoons, etc. The guard assisted me in searching for the baggage, 
 and found it all concealed in a valley. . . . Col. Schuyler’s regiment 
 sailed to-day. Set off after 2 p.m. ; encamped at dark about 17 miles 
 from the lake, without any fire. Cloudy day. 
 
 Nov. 18. — Ensign Sellon and I set out at daylight. Overtook a 
 party of 15 men belonging to Cols. Whiting and Worcester’s regi- 
 ments. About 12 o’clock found a Hampshire lad in the woods, whose 
 name was Edward Lynde of Somersworth in New Hampshire. He was 
 most dead with scurvy, cold and itch, and had been in the woods four 
 or five days ; he said he could not move. I gave him some chocolate to 
 drink, which refreshed him, but I could by no means persuade him to 
 try to move, till I threatened him, which made him cry : he walked 
 four miles, when I encamped, and gave him hot chocolate for supper. 
 He is exceedingly thankful for my forcing him along. 
 
 Nov. 19. — Monday, fair. Set out at break of day. The lad that I took 
 up in the woods, I committed to the care of a sergeant and twelve men of 
 the Connecticut, after I had seen him washed and scoured from head to 
 foot. Then Ensign Sellon and I travelled apace to joyn our regiment. 
 
 Nov. 21. — Set out at break of day. Overtook General of our 
 company at 10 o’clock; the Brigadier, at 12; he’d sprained his 
 ankle. Crossed a terrible mountain , just at dark, a mile over, and 
 very steep; encamp’d at the foot of the mountain, 18 miles from 
 last night’s encampment. Ate three pints of chocolate for supper. 
 Have been without provision and fared hard these two or three days. 
 The regiment’s provision all gone. 
 
 Nov. 24. — Went to the old fort. Forty men detached from our 
 regiment to go back and bring in the sick. Drawed meat. No 
 bread in the town. Went and lodged at No. 3, or Walpole. Paid 
 the men the billeting money ; 3s. sterling per man. Drawed one 
 day’s allowance of meat and flour. Went to No. 2, or Westmore- 
 land, eight miles — thence to Upper Ashavillet or Keene, eight miles 
 — thence to the town, four miles ; supped at the tavern — thence to 
 Swanzey, four miles. Lodged at Mr. Carpenter’s. 
 
 Nov. 28. Wednesday. Home, at Leicester, at 2 o’clock, etc., etc. 
 
106 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 These were eventful campaigns, each day being employed in active, 
 and often in very laborious, service, with but little to relieve monotony 
 and hardship, — a service, however, cheerfully rendered to increase the 
 number and strength of the British Dominions in North America. A 
 rainy day or some other favoring circumstance was employed in “ help- 
 ing the sutler post his books,” or “ to settle accompts with officers,” &c., 
 while every opportunity to write to friends at home and elsewhere by 
 post or by individuals was eagerly improved; and the arrival of letters 
 and papers from New England* was a high enjoyment, worthy of note. 
 Lieutenant Henshaw cultivated the friendship of his captain, but a few 
 years his senior, — a friendship renewed in after-years under circum- 
 stances much changed. In a condensed statement of experience at 
 this period, Lieutenant Henshaw uses this expression : “ I joined 
 Gen! Ruggles Reg! ... In the month of June, I was taken from 
 the Provincials and did duty in one of the British Regiments under 
 Gen! Amherst, which afforded me an opportunity of becoming ac- 
 quainted with discipline .” 
 
 This “ opportunity ” was well improved, and, as occasion called for 
 it, was afterward turned to good account, when “ discipline ” had a 
 new significance. The “ Bay Men,” the “ Rhode Islanders,” the “ Jer- 
 sey Blues,” and other loyal troops felt afresh the smarting of the lashes 
 here received, when, soon after, the “ burthens ” of taxation and op- 
 pression became too heavy to be borne, as they were called upon to 
 pay anew the expense of the same conquest they and their fallen com- 
 rades had helped to secure at so much cost. 
 
 * Letters received from friends attest the readiness of the people in all parts 
 to furnish aid in the conquest of Canada. His brother Benjamin, of Connecti- 
 cut, mentions the departure of troops from that colony, and adds : “ Our people 
 are prodigiously spirited to help in the work.” His father mentions more recruits 
 from Massachusetts. 
 
 “ Leicester, June 23, 1759. 
 
 “ Sox William, — I ree d yours of 13 th Instant, wherein we are very glad to 
 learn that you are so hearty & well ever since you went from us. Wee hope 
 these will find you so as they part with us. It is remarkable (and a thankful 
 Notice should be taken of the good Providence of God) that the Army, so large 
 as it is, should be so well. I hope they will continue so. Your Recruits went 
 | by here last Week. Wee hear that the Fleet has sailed up the river, and that 
 Admiral Durrell has taken a French Man of Warr, two Transports, and Sunk 
 another Man of Warr. Wee wait to hear it confirmed. Wee all of us wrote to 
 you and sent it by Cap* Maynyard of Westburg [Westboro’.j Wee all of us 
 send our Love to you. 
 
 “ I am your affectionate Father, 
 
 “ Daniel Henshaw.” 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 107 
 
 On returning home, after due time spent in receiving congratula- 
 tions from friends, and in visits to Boston and Connecticut, lie resumed 
 agricultural pursuits with his father, as before, for half the year. 
 About this time he began to improve and cultivate the parcel of 
 land — a portion of his homestead lot — given him by his father, and 
 thus described in his own writing : — 
 
 “I, Daniel Henshaw, of Leicester, Worcester County, in the Prov- 
 ince of the Massachusetts Bay in New England, Gent”, for and in 
 Consideration of the natural Love and Affection which I have and do 
 bear unto my Son William Henshaw of Leicester aforesaid in s d . 
 County of Worcester, Gent", — Have given, granted, aliened, Released, 
 Infeoffed, Conveyed and Confirmed, and by these Presents, do fully 
 and absolutely give, grant, aliene, &c., certain parcels as follows : . . . 
 being parts of my homestead Farm, and of the 3 d Division of my origi- 
 nal house Lot laid out to me Nov r 30, 1753 — together with y e Privi- 
 lege of a Way, two Rods wide, from my present dwelling House to 
 and through y e described piece of land — to hold, use, occupy, possess, 
 and enjoy or dispose of the same or any part thereof, without any 
 Manner of Lett, Suit, Denial, Contradiction, Eviction or Ejection of 
 me, y e said Daniel Henshaw, or any other person or persons whatso- 
 ever, of, by, from or under me — Signed this 3 d Day of Dec”. in the 
 34 th Year of the Reign of King George the Second of Great Britain, 
 &c. Anuoque Domini 1760, Daniel Henshaw. 
 
 “ Before me Tho s Steele, Jus tice Pacis. 
 
 “ His ‘Fee’ for acknowledging said Deed being 1/. 
 
 “ Rec d & Recor. in the Records of Deeds for s d County, pr 
 
 “J. Chandler, Reg r .” 
 
 “ his ‘ Fee ’ being 2/.” 
 
 This lot and another “ after division ” purchased of his father, with 
 building a barn upon the same, and making a roadway thereto (the 
 same one still in use), required much time and outlay. These and a 
 few trading negotiations, a little venture in the “Land Bank” enter- 
 prise, etc., occupied these years, till September 21, 1761, when lie 
 began the business of country merchant or shopkeeper in the large 
 building at the foot of Meetinghouse Hill, where it meets Flip Lane, 
 erected, and originally occupied, by Judge Thomas Steele, afterwards 
 owned and occupied by Dr. Pliny Lawton. He purchased goods of 
 various kinds of his brother Joseph and uncles Joshua and William* 
 
 * In business transactions with his relatives at Boston, his bills were made 
 
108 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 Henshaw, and uncles and cousins of the Bass families. His accounts 
 also show “ invoices,” “ bills of merchandise,” and receipts from various 
 other well-known leading merchants, — John Hancock, Peter Jolionnot, 
 the Messrs. Stevenson, Edward and Giles Church. Here he continued 
 in business about nine years. Within this time he was married, his first 
 three children were born, and his youthful wife died, which event he 
 thus touchingly records : — 
 
 “ Ruth Henshaw Deceased Jan y 1 st , 1769, aged 25 Years — has left 
 a sorrowful husband and three children to mourn for y e loss of so good 
 a Wife and Mother.” 
 
 In the year 1771 he removed to the house he had built upon his 
 lot in the northeast part of the town, which he occupied until after his 
 father’s decease, when he removed to a house upon another portion of 
 the “ Homestead Lott,” where he lived during the remainder of life. 
 The want of schools at first, and afterwards their distance from his 
 dwelling, made it necessary to instruct his children, which he did regu- 
 larly, until called from home by the necessity of war, and on his 
 return this practice was resumed. The two oldest children had no 
 other instruction. The third child, William, a sprightly, promising 
 boy, — his constant companion in the employment of the field and 
 elsewhere, — he took an especial delight in teaching, as, with a father’s 
 fondness and pride, he looked hopefully to the child’s future. His 
 sudden and shocking death, at the age of six years, in the father’s 
 absence, and by the shot of a gun, caused an anguish not to be re- 
 lieved by words. He long remained speechless on this occasion, and 
 for many years he mourned over such a loss. This took place June 9, 
 1772. Business purposes, in addition to the usual social intercourse, 
 caused still more intercourse and communication with friends in Bos- 
 ton. An uncle, already mentioned as one of whom he made his 
 largest purchases, and with whom he held a friendly correspondence, 
 Joshua Henshaw, was one of the ardent and devoted patriots of the 
 day. Commercial and mercantile pursuits, with other employments 
 and offices, led to the formation of an extensive acquaintance. With 
 a heart and purse ever open to appeals for aid, whether public or pri- 
 
 out to William Henshaw, Jr., anti he continued to be called “junior” until the 
 death of this uncle, 1783. It was of this uncle that lie related to his children, in 
 the latter part of his own life, the story of his mounting the high snow-banks 
 one severely cold winter in the days of his youth, and sitting upon the arm of the 
 sign-post at the White Horse Tavern, with his feet resting on the snow beneath. 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 109 
 
 Tate, his compassion and benevolence were in constant exercise, while 
 his house was the seat of wide and generous hospitality. The dis- 
 tressed and unfortunate found in him sympathy and solace ; those 
 seeking his advice, in times of public gloom and calamity, found light, 
 wisdom, and guidance. His house u'as a resort of that patriot band 
 who used to meet, frequently and in private, at each others’ houses to 
 consult on momentous questions ; to concert measures for the security 
 of their rights and liberties; to form resolutions; to originate such 
 modes of addressing the people as would point out their wrongs and 
 dangers, and lead to united action in resisting arbitrary power. Of 
 this number were John and Samuel Adams, John Hancock, Dr. Joseph 
 Warren (also a professional visitor), James Otis, Dr. Benjamin Church, 
 William Molineux, with some of whom he was intimately associated 
 at home, and, when obliged to flee from Boston, in correspondence 
 with them. They were of the class styled, by Gov. Bernard, “ the 
 faction,” — mischief-makers, zealously bent on poisoning the minds of 
 the people and bringing ruin to all. Coming from such a source, this 
 is strong proof of his exalted patriotism ; and his rejection, subse- 
 quently, by the same royal governor, from the Executive Council, 
 furnishes gratifying evidence of his incorruptible integrity and stead- 
 fast adherence to holy principle. 
 
 “ I consent to ye election of ye Gentlemen before named, Except 
 ye Hon’l William Brattle, James Bowdoin, Jos. Gerrish, Thomas 
 Saunders, John Hancock, Artemas Ward, James Otis, Ben-n Green- 
 leaf, Jerithmiel Bowers, Joshua Henshaw, Nath’l Spooner, to ye elec- 
 tion of whom I don’t consent. 
 
 “Fra. Bernard, Gov. 
 
 “ Province House, June 1, 1769.” * 
 
 His nephew and son-in-law, Joseph Henshaw, a resident of the 
 town until he too w 7 as compelled to flee from it, also met wflth these 
 factious spirits, and early began a career of devotion to the interests 
 of the Colony, aiding by pen, speech, v r ealth, and personal influence 
 and effort, throughout the long struggle for independence. In the 
 words of another, “ he had been a successful and opulent merchant ; 
 and to sustain the credit of the Colonies he poured out his wealth like 
 water.” f 
 
 In a familiar letter, dated Jan. 27, 1781, to his intimate friend and 
 
 * Bee. Gen. Court. 
 
 t II. G. Henshaw. 
 
110 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 classmate, General Artemas Ward, then a member of Congress at 
 Philadelphia, on the subject of continental loan certificates, he says : 
 “ In giving you a detail of my own case, I represent thousands in the 
 same predicament. While the Town of Boston was occupied by the 
 British troops, I sustained a loss of £2,000 sterling, in Houses there 
 which were singled out and destroyed, as belonging to one of the 
 greatest rebels then in the Massachusetts Army at Cambridge. After- 
 wards, I sold the Residue of my Estate to furnish Congress with what 
 money I could raise to carry on the War.” This is followed by an 
 account of loans for a period of several years, amounting to $60,000 
 more. He suffered great loss by depreciation, and this “ notwithstanding 
 the Creditors or Lenders to Government bottomed their property on 
 the fate of their Country, to stand or fall with it.” 
 
 At this familiar visiting-place William Henshaw learned from the 
 lips of his uncle the sentiments, opinions, and purposes of distinguished 
 men, sometimes meeting them there, and forming an acquaintance or 
 friendship prized and enjoyed elsewhere in subsequent years. This 
 was a source of light for him, a direct and potent influence, which, in 
 connection with other means, led him to view with due consideration 
 the serious question before them all, and to form a somewhat just 
 estimate of the magnitude of the contest entered upon, and of its 
 immense issues. 
 
 Here, too. the youthful sons, Joshua Jr. and Andrew Henshaw, 
 looked upon the busy scene of action, and were in early life inspired 
 by the spirit of liberty, learning the lessons of devotion and sacrifice. 
 They held a correspondence with their cousins William and David, at 
 Leicester, throughout the exciting period of ten years preceding the 
 Revolutionary War, giving an interesting narration of the most impor- 
 tant public events then transpiring. 
 
 Joshua entered into business connection with his father soon after 
 completing his studies (he was graduated at Harvard College, 1763, 
 at the age of seventeen), and continued therein as long as commerce 
 could be maintained ; and remained in Boston while it was safe to be 
 there. His well-known zeal in the struggles of the colony, and effi- 
 cient service on committees, made him a mark for the British officials. 
 He suffered much loss, as well as his relatives, by the destruction of 
 property, by conflagrations, and by the depreciation of paper currency. 
 In times of great peril, when obliged to flee, he would spend a season 
 with friends at a distance, Leicester being a favorite resort for himself 
 as well as for his father, and younger brother, Andrew, who was 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 Ill 
 
 another of the stirring spirits of that time ; he was graduated at 
 Harvard College, 1768, at the age of sixteen. He, also, was asso- 
 ciated with his father in business for a time. Although he did not 
 engage in military conflict to aid his country, he rendered useful 
 service in the civil department. He was Clerk of the House of 
 Representatives when his cousin William was a Representative to 
 the General Court, 1780, and soon after Clerk of the Supreme 
 Judicial Circuit Court, in which office he died, December, 1782, aged 
 thirty years. 
 
 When the father’s attention was given to the duties of public office, 
 and to the absorbing interests of the hour, the sons conducted business 
 operations, mercantile and distillery, writing the business letters to 
 their cousin William while a country dealer or merchant. Some of 
 these letters contained items of greater import than mere business 
 transactions, while others, as already stated, were almost wholly the 
 recital of important events, and of occurrences to which the writer was 
 an eye-witness. Of the latter class is one dated 
 
 “Boston, May 31 : 1766. 
 
 “ Couz n William,— .... The Joy diffused through People 
 of almost every Station, upon the Repeal of the Stamp Act, was truly 
 pleasing ; for I could scarce meet any Person but had a Smile which 
 indicated Satisfaction. I wished, and was in Hopes to have had you 
 here to view the various Expressions of this Joy — the Illuminations, 
 Bonfires, Fireworks of all Kinds, which made the most splendid 
 Appearance of any Thing of the like Nature here. The good Order 
 and Decency with which every Thing was conducted, compleated it. 
 I need not mention to you the Governor’s negativing Mr. Otis as 
 Speaker of the House, and six Counsellors. You have it all with 
 his excellent Speech in the last Paper, and in Thursday’s, will have 
 the Answer. 
 
 “Make my best Regards to all Relations and Friends. When it is 
 in my Power to serve you, rely upon it I shall with Pleasure ; wishing 
 for an Opportunity, am 
 
 “Your real Friend 
 
 “ Joshua Henshaw, Jun r .” 
 
 Another letter shows the unity of sentiment and action between the 
 town where such movements originated, and that of the one to whom 
 it is addressed : — 
 
 15 
 
112 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 “Boston Dec: 10: 1767. 
 
 “ Couz n William, — I have given your Acct. Credit for £9. 4/, 
 and sent a Receipt for the same pr. Mr. Denny. The Shalloon for 
 
 your Cloaths is well matched, I think It gives me 
 
 Pleasure to observe that the Measures taken by the Town of Boston 
 for promoting Frugality, Economy and Manufactures, meet not only 
 with the Approbation of your Town, but of many Towns in this and 
 the neighboring Governments, a Demonstration of which is their 
 joining in the identical Method. 
 
 “ I was in Hopes to have seen you down before this. Accept my 
 best Regards, present them to your wife, and to Rev d Sir.* In a 
 Word, remember me to all Relations and Friends in that Way you 
 shall judge agreeable to your Friend & Humble Ser', 
 
 “Joshua IIenshaw, Jun”. 
 
 “ Inclosed you have the Description of the Political Water-House 
 Rat, his Cooke and Cat, all which is emblematical of his Poverty and 
 Expectation of Gain by a Post, which he intends to obtain by his 
 writing Pieces signed ‘T. B.,’ ‘ A true Patriot,’ ‘Amicus,’ and ‘ The 
 Trader : ’ with others of the same Kind. As you don’t see the 
 Evening Post, you will be at a Loss to know precisely the Contents 
 of them, but may easily conclude that they favour what we call the 
 wrong Side of the Question, and are against the Whiggs.” 
 
 After this time, for several years, all letters written by him in rela- 
 tion to public affairs, as the dictate of prudence, were signed “ Incog- 
 nito,” or “ Anonymous.” Some of these were descriptive of scenes of 
 violence and bloodshed, in the various disturbances and affrays between 
 the soldiery and citizens, the landing and the removal of foreign 
 troops. They give accounts of public meetings held at Liberty Hall, 
 Faneuil Hall, and the Old South Meeting-house, to discuss poli- 
 tical questions. Remonstrances against the encroachments of the 
 administration, excited controversies between crown officials and the 
 citizens, and the appointment of various committees to wait upon 
 the governor, with the result of such conferences and petitions, are 
 related. Sometimes the acts of the Provincial Congress are given, 
 from notes taken on the spot, and the antagonistic spirit of the 
 executive is shown. 
 
 A long communication, in three parts, in June, 1768, gives an 
 
 * Rev. Benjamin Conklin, whose wife was a sister of William Henshaw’s wife. 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 113 
 
 account of the seizure of John Hancock’s sloop, the “ Liberty,” by 
 custom-house officers, on the charge of false entry, and the consequent 
 action of those affected by this aggression. This communication was 
 followed by the relation of other occurrences of public interest during 
 that year, — of public assemblies, encounters between the soldiers 
 and citizens, and an attempt on the part of the former to excite negroes 
 to insurrection, or, if their masters were Liberty Boys, to desertion. 
 The letters contained information of the desertions of greuadiers from 
 Col. Dalrymple’s and other regiments, also of various devices and 
 “ stratagems ” to recover deserters, giving the circumstances of the 
 capture and the doom of Richard Ames of Dalrymple’s regiment, who 
 had found refuge and employment at Framingham, near Col. Buck- 
 minster’s home. With the caution, and request to circulate the caution, 
 to guard against receiving or informing any 'pretended deserters, he 
 connects the advice to “ treat them all kindly, and ask no questions 
 for conscience’ sake.” 
 
 The following letter has interesting allusions : — 
 
 © © 
 
 “Boston, June 7, 1769. 
 
 “ Couz N William, — I have transcribed M r . Denny’s Instructions, 
 and put them in that Order which I thought was proper, and which 
 you, (the Want of Time excepted,) would have done. I have had the 
 pleasure of seeing them in Print, and of hearing them approved. The 
 House have not done any Business since the Session, only respecting 
 the Guards and Cannon. The Governour in his Message tells them 
 he has no Authority over his Majesty’s Forces here, although in the 
 Resolutions of both Houses of Parliament it is expressly said that the 
 military Power is sent to aid the civil Authority, and to be Subject 
 thereto. A Committee has been appointed to consider the Gover- 
 nour’s Message, and reported last Saturday : The Substance of which 
 Report is, that it is difficult to conceive that the military Power came 
 to aid the civil Authority, and to be Subject thereto, and the Gover- 
 nour, as supreme Magistrate, has no Authority over them. The further 
 Consideration of which Report is to come this Afternoon. When it 
 was read, there was an Objection to one Paragraph, and it was recom- 
 mitted for an Amendment. 
 
 “ The Speaker (Mr Cushing) this Day received a Letter from the 
 House of Burgesses of Virginia, signed by their Speaker, inclosing a 
 Number of Resolves, (for which they were dissolved,) which have been 
 transmitted to all the other Governments on the Continent. The Let- 
 ter contains a request to join in similar Resolves. 
 
114 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 “ There is a Report that our Governour is ordered Home, the authen- 
 ticity of which I can’t avouch. But this I believe that whenever that 
 Event shall take Place, there will be as much, or more Joy spread 
 through the Province and Continent, than when that Tyrant, Andros, 
 made his Exit. 
 
 “"We hear that Col? Luttrell was admitted to a Seat iu Parliament 
 for Middlesex, upon having 200 Votes, when M r . Walker had 1100 ; 
 and that said Luttrell like to have been killed in coming from the 
 House of Commons. What a Wound to the Constitution ! If this is 
 to be the Practice, the Freedom of Elections is at an End, and Liberty 
 is no more. But I hope there will be some noble Exertions in that 
 glorious Cause. 
 
 “Just about going to the Gallery. I must sign your real Friend, 
 after requesting my Regards to all Friends, 
 
 “ Incognito.” 
 
 Other communications follow in rapid succession, noticing, among the 
 occurrences of the time, the compact entered into by merchants and many 
 people of the town not to import British goods ; the solemn “ League 
 and Covenant” not to purchase of those who had imported such 
 goods ; others were descriptivfe of the massacre ; of the arrival of the 
 East India Company’s tea-ships, and the important meetings that fol- 
 lowed ; the destruction of the tea, and the relief and joy that followed. 
 The organization of a Committee of Communication and Correspon- 
 dence is promptly reported by letter. 
 
 In one of January 24, 1770, an account is given of the “Conduct of 
 the Merchants towards those few who have infamously violated their 
 non-importation Agreement;” the reports made by the “Committee 
 of Inspection,” through their Speaker, William Mollineux ; and the 
 “ Spirited Resolves ” adopted by the merchants at their repeated 
 adjournments. The relation of these various meetings is long and 
 interesting, and closes with giving “one Vote so important that I can’t 
 but hope it will be thought worthy of being followed by all the other 
 towns in the Province and through the Continent — viz. — Voted, 
 Sacredly and religiously, That each One of us (not less than 1,300 per- 
 sons being present) will not drink any Tea, and not suffer it to be used 
 in our Families upon any Pretence whatever. 
 
 “ Captain Dashwood, one of the Committee of Inspection, said that he 
 had done no other business but this respecting the non-importation 
 Agreement for six months past ; that he had been threatened again and 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 115 
 
 again to have his brains beat out ; that he did not value spending the 
 last Drop of his Blood for his Country, and should esteem it glorious to 
 die in such a Cause ; and as he drew his first Breath here he was deter- 
 mined to draw his last Breath here, in the Cause of Freedom. John 
 Hancock, Esq r , read a Letter he had just received, breathing the Spirit 
 of Liberty, from a Friend in Philadelphia. He was desired by the 
 Meetiug to publish Parts of it, as he thought proper, which he con- 
 sented to do, as he said he was always desirous of gratifying such a 
 respectable Body. 
 
 “ I can’t avoid saying that if something spirited is not done by your 
 Town, respecting Mr. Ezekiel Fosgate’s Conduct, it will be a Pity. I 
 mention it out of regard to the Town of Leicester, which is spoken of 
 with Respect, as well as to the common Good of my Country. I 
 should think Nothing less than an immediate Conveyance of those 
 Goods to Mr. Nathaniel Rogers, would by any means be satisfactory. 
 I know the whole Affair. I heard it related by a Gentleman who had 
 it from Mi Fosgate’s own Mouth, just after he had bought the Goods. 
 But as a relation would not be of any Service, I omit it. Sufficient is 
 it to say that he has now by him, Goods that were imported contrary 
 to Agreement of the Merchants ; that those very Goods were put under 
 the Care of the Committee of Inspection ; that the Lock was broke, the 
 Goods taken out, and the Whole, or a Part, sold to Mr. Fosgate. 
 
 “ Only, remember that Delays are dangerous. Let this Conduct of 
 Mr. Fosgate serve to show what Vigilance is necessary even in those 
 Towns that do not live altogether hy Trade. Let us all become Watch- 
 men for our Country. This is the trying Time ! If the Crisis is not 
 yet arrived, surely it is not far off. My Regards to all Friends. 
 
 “ Whatever is done, or may be done by your Town or by the Towns 
 near you, you will be kind enough to give the earliest Information of 
 to your Friend, and a Friend of the natural and constitutional Rights 
 and Liberties of the Americans, Incognito.” 
 
 “ Boston, Aug. 31 : 1774. 
 
 “ Corz x William, — The spirited and prudent Conduct of the Peo- 
 ple in the County of Worcester, merits the Applause of every Friend 
 to our Charter Rights and Privileges. For my own Part, I am 
 
 with an Account of it.* 
 
 * Fosgate succeeded William Henshaw. as a merchant, in 1769. He removed 
 from Leicester 1770. 
 
116 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 “ I have the Pleasure to inform you that every Member of the Grand 
 and Petit Juries for the County of Suffolk, yesterday refused to take 
 the Oath, and gave their Reasons, which you will see in Print, — 
 and they were dismissed. The Court, I suppose, will adjourn. We 
 had a Town Meeting Yesterday, and were not interrupted. Mrs. Ilen- 
 shavv joins me in Regards to all Friends. 
 
 “Your affectionate Kinsman, 
 
 “ Joshua Henshaw, Jun r .” 
 
 Soon after this date, he removed from Boston, and with his wife 
 spent a year in Leicester, visiting his sister (Mrs. Joseph Henshaw), 
 his uncle and cousins, removing the following year to Dedham, where 
 he remained till the British forces left Boston, when he returned to 
 that place, occupying his own house on the north corner of Orange 
 and Harvard streets. From this time to 1786 he was register of 
 deeds for Suffolk County. He removed to Shrewsbury in 1789, 
 where, as a magistrate for Worcester County, he transacted business, 
 but declined any elective office.* In the leisure and retirement of this 
 situation he cultivated his literary tastes, contributing to journals and 
 periodicals of the day, Isaiah Thomas’s “ Massachusetts Spy ” being of 
 this number. Of pleasing manners, generous and amiable disposition, 
 he was a favorite with acquaintance and friends, whom he entertained 
 with interesting reminiscences of former years, dwelling with particu- 
 larity upon the projectors and the exploits of the “Tea Party,” — indi- 
 viduals with whom he was familiarly acquainted, and events well 
 understood by him. 
 
 The correspondence of these friends, begun in the morning of their 
 days, was continued to the evening of life, with unfailing enjoyment, — 
 a free interchange of thought and ojnnion, each aiding and strengthen- 
 ing the other in the hour of need and trial, rejoicing and congratulating 
 in times of prosperity,! sympathizing and sorrowing in seasons of grief 
 
 * Alluding to proceedings of the Convention of the Committee of Correspond- 
 ence for Worcester County, held at Worcester, Aug. 9, 1774, and continued, by 
 adjournments, throughout the month. William Henshaw was a member, and 
 had a record of its doings. 
 
 t A letter at the time of Mr. Henshaw’s wife’s death, Jan. 1, 1769, exhibits 
 the philosophical and Christian spirit, blended with the affection and sympathy, 
 of the young writer : — 
 
 “Boston, Jam 6: 1769. 
 
 “ Cociz" William, — Trouble has, ever since the Apostacy of Adam, attended 
 human Nature, and ever will be the Consequence of Sin. You at this Time are 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 117 
 
 and bereavement. Joshua Ilenshaw was the survivor, his decease oc- 
 curring at Shrewsbury, June, 1823. 
 
 afflicted in a greater Degree than ever before, by the Loss of the nearest Rela- 
 tion in a most sudden Manner, which is a melancholy Circumstance. I feel for 
 you, and for all concerned. Don’t indulge excessive Sorrow, for this will injure 
 your Health, and serve no good Purpose. Consider who He is that gave, and 
 remember that He has an undoubted Right to take away, when, and in the Man- 
 ner He pleases, and conclude, (as we are in Duty bound,) that whatever is, is 
 right. Great Good is often the Effect of great Trouble. Let us all listen to the 
 loud Call, ‘ Be you also ready.’ May we be excited to great Diligence in Prep- 
 aration for our own Dissolution, since we see the young as well as the old, the 
 robust as well as the invalid, taking Leave of this World. I feel a certain Joy 
 amidst Sorrow, that the Rev d M r Conklin is with you, to whom, as to all other 
 Priends, present my best Regards. 
 
 “ That you may be supported under, carried well through this Affliction, and 
 that it may work out a far more exceeding and an eternal Weight of Glory, is 
 the ardent Wish and Prayer of your very sincere and aggrieved Friend, 
 
 “Joshua Henshaw, Jun r . 
 
 “ All your Friends here, join in Regards to, and condole with you.” 
 
 Another very briefly expresses pleasure in the acquaintance of the young 
 lady to whom Mr. Hensliaw was betrothed for a second wife. The letter was 
 written at the time when he was finishing his new house, and about three 
 months before the anticipated marriage. 
 
 “ Boston, June 5, 1771. 
 
 “ Couz 1 ' William, — I have hut just Time to inform you that I have chose 
 a Paper for j 7 ou, and hope it will suit you ; that we have had the Pleasure of 
 Miss Phebe’s Company, who, I must say, I think is a very agreeable Lady : — 
 such an one as will prove a good Wife and a kind Mother to your Children. 
 And consequently, as makes me approve of your Choice. Having no News to 
 write and expecting Mr. Richardson here every Minute, I must sign your real 
 Friend, Joshua Henshaw, Jun r . 
 
 “ Miss Phebe desires her, with my best Regards, may attend you, &c.” 
 
 On another festive occasion, the marriage of William Henshaw’s second 
 daughter, Elizabeth, to Dr. Austin Flint, he offers his congratulations by letter : — 
 
 “ Boston, June 7 : 1785. 
 
 “Dear Sir, — Your very kind and polite Invitation to me and M rs . Henshaw 
 to your Daughter’s Wedding, I acknowledge : but expecting every Minute, Car- 
 penters to repair my House, I must be satisfied in being deprived of that Pleas- 
 ure. Be pleased to inform her that she has my & M”. Henshaw’s best wishes, 
 for her Happiness, and that the Connection to be formed this Day, may be the 
 Basis thereof. 
 
 “ M rs . Henshaw desires her best Regards to you, your Lady, and all Friends, 
 in which she is most sincerely joined by 
 
 “ Your most affectionate Kinsman, 
 
 “ Joshua Henshaw. 
 
 “ My sister desires her Love to all her Connections in Leicester; is very sorry 
 that she could not be at the Wedding, but wishes the young Couple all possible 
 Happiness.” 
 
118 
 
 REMINISCENCES OP 
 
 For several years, beginning at 1767, Mr. Ilensbaw served with the 
 selectmen of his town, and for three of those years, beginning at 1770, 
 the service of town clerk devolved upon him. It may readily be seen 
 that this correspondence, a portion of which has been given, had at 
 times its share of influence in the formation of public sentiment on the 
 questions presented for consideration at their frequent town-meetings. 
 The various “ Acts of Trade,” followed by other oppressive measures, 
 did not dishearten the patriotic town merchants nor the country shop- 
 keepers and discerning yeomanry, all being willing to bear this strain 
 upon their commercial and manufacturing interests. 
 
 Mr. Ilenshaw took a leading part in the town action which resulted 
 in a vote of thanks to those Boston merchants who had refused to im- 
 port, to purchase, or to sell goods from Great Britain, and who were 
 generously sacrificing their own interests to advance the highest inter- 
 est of the Colonies, and also in a vote of refusal to purchase goods of 
 those who did import. 
 
 As one of his community, aiding and strengthening each other, sym- 
 pathizing and cooperating with all classes in town and country, he 
 scrupulously practised in domestic life what these and subsequent reso- 
 lutions enjoined. In these eventful years, so full of noble purpose and 
 attempt, they left with the record of their “ Resolves ” the record also 
 of praiseworthy acts , in private as well as in public life; and the edicts 
 of revengeful tyranny became the stimulus to increased activity and 
 ingenuity in domestic industries and manufactures. What a nobility 
 did their liberty-loving spirit confer upon the various kinds of handicraft 
 already in use, and irpon the further productions of their inventive 
 genius! What a beauty and burnish did their household articles ex- 
 hibit, fashioned after the pattern of those brought from over “ the Sea,” 
 and equal in fitness, if not in finish. How fair and silvery the fabrics 
 they wove, gleaming with a lustre exceeding that of those bought with 
 shining gold, of sovereigns not shining ! What richness and delicacy 
 of design in the laces so deftly wrought by skilful fingers ! Their 
 “ homespun,” and domestic dyes, of hues more becoming than Tyrian 
 dye, showed a texture soft and flexible, in proportion to the harshness 
 and inflexibility of arbitrary power, and was more expressive of honor- 
 able position and purity of principle than the ermined robes of royal 
 pride and favor. 
 
 At this time, 1769 - 1770, on the decline of trade, Mr. Ilenshaw gave 
 up his merchant’s business, and, on the completion of his house, 
 removed to it. In May of this year a company of Leicester men, 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 119 
 
 numbering forty-six, formed themselves into an association “ for the 
 perfecting themselves in the Manual & Platoon Exercise.” They 
 elected William Henshaw captain, who drew up for the company a 
 set of regulations, which they adopted by vote, and styled themselves 
 the “ Independent Company of Voluntiers.” He met this company 
 regularly and promptly at their training-ground several times every 
 week, the distauce from his abode requiring much time for this pur- 
 pose. Several of this company survived their captain, and lived to an 
 advanced age. Seth Washburn, with whom he was afterward asso- 
 ciated in public life, was lieutenant, and his brother-in-law, Sam- 
 uel Denny, ensign, both his seniors. The change from mercantile 
 business, and the time to be given to other employments, lessened the 
 opportunities for visits and personal observations at Boston. But, in 
 various ways, a constant acquaintance of leading movements was main- 
 tained. His brother Joseph, as has been stated, was an active liberty 
 man, and could, by letters and visits, keep his family friends advised ; 
 and, in 1772, foreseeing the necessity of a removal from his native 
 town, erected his “ mansion-house ” in Leicester (of materials transported 
 from Boston), the superintendence of which was in charge of his 
 brothers William and David. This furnished frequent opportunity for 
 news. The following year Joseph Idenshaw became an inhabitant 
 of the town, and thus was an additional source of information. 
 Another important addition, as well as aid, was furnished by the re- 
 moval thither of Messrs. Joseph and Samuel Allen, who were in com- 
 munication with their uncle, Samuel Adams. An acquaintance and 
 some correspondence had previously existed between Mr. Joseph Allen 
 and Mr. Henshaw, there being a business connection of the former 
 with a kinsman of the latter, Henry Bass (firm of Allen & Bass), one 
 of the active “ Sons of Liberty,” and on terms of intimacy with Sam- 
 uel Adams. He was a well-known opposer of the Stamp Act and par- 
 ticipator in other popular demonstrations. As one of the “ Boston 
 Tea Party ” he rendered efficient service on that occasion. He, as 
 well as his brother, Gillam Bass, had a narrow escape from the assaults 
 of the soldiers on the evening preceding the massacre, as their depo- 
 sitions to that effect testify. Gillam Bass was better known in con- 
 nection with important committees and as one of the Committee of 
 Correspondence in the place where he afterward, for several years, 
 resided. While Boston was besieged, Leicester was one of his favor- 
 ite visiting places. 
 
 At this period of anxiety and peril, Mr. Henshaw found in Mr. 
 
 16 
 
120 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 Allen a kindred spirit ; and, with unity of opinion and purpose, they 
 labored harmoniously together, each relying upon the other for coun- 
 sel and aid in the trying hour of need. 
 
 This association, in the interests of a common cause, promoted a 
 more intimate personal acquaintance that expanded and ripened into 
 the choicest and most enduring friendship. In succeeding years, as 
 they mingled in social intercourse, or in the discharge of trusts com- 
 mitted to them, mutual enjoyment was heightened by the recollection 
 of events in which they had been actors, — of the fears and hopes, 
 labors and successes, they had alike shared. 
 
 Mr. Henshaw testified his esteem for this friend by a legacy, speci- 
 fying in what form it should be appropriated. Mr. Allen survived 
 Mr. Henshaw, dying Sept. 2, 1827, at the age of seventy-eight. This 
 lifelong friendship was pleasantly remembered and perpetuated by 
 their descendants. Nearly thirty years after the decease of Mr. Ilen- 
 shaw, at a public celebration on the anniversary of our national inde- 
 pendence in the town where, for a few years, Mr. Allen was a 
 resident, their personal worth, intimate association, and public ser- 
 vices were appropriately and happily recognized by a son of each. 
 
 Samuel Allen, Esq., offered as a sentiment “ The memory of the 
 late Col. William Henshaw, — a man without fear and without re- 
 proach,” which found a ready response from H. G. Henshaw, Esq. ; 
 “ The memory of the late Hon. Joseph Allen, once a prominent and 
 favorite citizen of Leicester, — his memory is as fragrant as the dew.” 
 
 Joshua Henshaw, the uncle mentioned before, when compelled to 
 flee from his home, came also to Leicester to reside for a while, 
 boarding in the family of Rev. Benjamin Conklin,* a man in strong 
 and active sympathy with the objects of the patriot party, “ a high 
 Liberty Man,” or as an inmate of his son-in-law’s family, — Joseph Hen- 
 shaw. His presence was a solace to his friends at this time of distrac- 
 
 * Letter from Joseph Henshaw to William Henshaw. 
 
 Brother Billy, 
 
 “Boston, 6 th Novl 1771. , 
 
 “ It is thought here that none of our Ministers will read the Governor’s Procla- 
 mation for the Thanksgiving. As M r . Conklin is a high Liberty Man, ’t is prob- 
 able the Proclamation may share the same fate with him. 
 
 “ Have not to add, but am 
 
 “ Your Lov” s Brother, 
 
 “Joseph Henshaw.” 
 
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 121 
 
 tion and perplexity, — his influence, suggestions, and aid, a pillar of 
 strength. He remained at this place till 1776, when he removed to 
 Dedham, where, in the family of Hon. Samuel Dexter, he continued 
 to reside with declining health until his death, Aug. 5, 1777. He en- 
 joyed the cheering prospect of the establishment of the independence 
 he had so ardently longed for and promoted. 
 
 On the enforcement of the Boston Port Bill, Joshua, Jr., also came 
 to Leicester as a place of safety, and to recruit his wearied powers. He 
 gave his time and abilities to the public good, and the letters he and 
 his father received from distinguished patriots in different provinces, 
 among them Samuel Adams, Jedediah Huntington, a classmate, and 
 Joseph Warren (his medical adviser also), shed light and comfort in 
 these dark and trying hours. 
 
 Mr. Henshaw, as town clerk, had at this time ample employment 
 for his pen, besides the ordinary business to be transacted, in present- 
 ing and replying to frequent communications, circular-letters, and 
 pamphlets from the inhabitants of Boston, through their town clerk, 
 William Cooper. Reference has been made to the part he had in the 
 preparation of town papers, some being exclusively his own (page 7 
 of the Memoir). Of the latter were a series of resolves, with instruc- 
 tions to be communicated to their representative elect, as the result of 
 a town-meeting called on receiving an appeal from Boston at the time 
 of their memorable town-meeting of November, 1772. The letter 
 received, and accompanying report, stated in strong and effective lan- 
 guage the rights and the wrongs of the province. 
 
 It was Mr. Henshaw’s custom to frame his writing at his own house, 
 and taking a copy, offer it for correction, and for adoption or rejec- 
 tion. Sometimes, after placing it on town record, or forwarding it offi- 
 cially, he retained the writing, and filed it with other similar papers. 
 By this means various original papers and documents were kept in 
 preservation. The accompanying illustration is the closing portion 
 of these “ instructions ” to their representative, Thomas Denny, and 
 many serve to show the writer’s views and abhorrence of the system 
 of servitude or slavery, and his desire for its abolition. It was dated 
 May 19, 1773. 
 
 As one of the Committee of Correspondence, he had constant 
 communication with the committees of Worcester and of Worcester 
 County, as well as of Boston, for the years 1773, 1774. Most of the 
 Boston committees’ letters were in print, many being signed by Wil- 
 liam Cooper, Clerk of Committee. One, a copy of the original letter , 
 
122 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 written by the hand of William Cooper, is here given as explanatory 
 of the reply, a facsimile of which is given. 
 
 “ Boston, January 18 th 1773. 
 
 “Gentlemen, — We have received by favor of M* Denny the 
 Proceedings of your Town and the Neighbouring Districts, and 
 think it must surprise our Oppressors to read your very ingenious 
 and sensible Resolves, and your Instructions to your worthy Repre- 
 sentative. 
 
 “ The safety of the people is founded in the knowledge that is almost 
 universally diffused throughout the Province, of our Charter Privi- 
 leges, and the generous and heroic Disposition in the People to 
 defend them. We cannot but be very sanguine in our expectations 
 of redemption from Slavery, since we see such a pious dependence 
 upon Divine protection brought in, in almost all the Letters we have 
 received. 
 
 “ The cause is good ; we do not aim at freedom of restraint from law, 
 and lawful Authority, but from the tyrannical Edicts of a British 
 Parliament and Ministry. To attempt to free ourselves from Bondage, 
 is laudable, but to submit to it is unworthy of an American. 
 
 “We are, 
 
 “ Gentlemen, 
 
 “ Your most Obedient Humble Servants — 
 
 “ Signed by direction of the Committee for Correspondence in Boston, 
 
 “William Cooper, Clerk.” 
 
 addressed 
 
 “ To Mr. William Henshaw, and others, 
 
 “ A Committee of Correspondence for the Town of Leicester.” 
 
 Towards the close of the year, Nov. 23, 1773, a long letter upon 
 the tea subject, well calculated to arouse sympathy and action, with 
 a long postscript, terminated with these words : “ In this extremity, 
 we earnestly request your advice, and that you would give us the ear- 
 liest intelligence of the sense your several towns have, of the present 
 gloomy situation of our public affairs.” Directed, “ For 
 
 “ The Gent" Committee of Correspondence in the Town of 
 “ Leicester — 
 
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 123 
 
 “ Copy of Letter to Committee of Correspondence, at Boston — Dec. 
 
 1773. 
 
 “ Leicester 14 th Dec r 1773. 
 
 “ Gentlemen, — We have received your letter which was draughted 
 in presence of a collected body of Committees, as well as others of an 
 ante-date, which we are greatly obliged to you for, and also to the 
 Town which you have the honour to serve, for their unremitted care 
 and vigilance in watching the motions of the enemies to our Rights, and 
 exposing their wicked schemes — and also for their late proceedings 
 and manly resolutions in regard to the detestable Tea sent here by the 
 East India Company. And as you have requested our advice, we 
 shall, as a Committee, freely give it ; and that is to go on as you 
 have begun, and on no account to suffer it to be landed, or pay one 
 farthing of Duty. You may depend on our aid and assistance when 
 needed, (if notice be given,) and we make no doubt that you will have 
 that of our Town and District which will meet in a few days, when 
 you will be informed of their proceedings. 
 
 “We are, Gentlemen, with Respect, 
 
 “ Your most Obliged Humble Servants, 
 
 “ William Henshaw, pr. Order.” 
 
 This letter could scarcely have been received at the time of the final 
 meeting, and the final action on the tea question ; and great must have 
 been the anxiety of the committee, who therein pledged their support, 
 as they awaited the inevitable crisis so near at hand. In a week from 
 its date, the news of the destruction of the tea was received with great 
 relief and rejoicing. 
 
 Among the many communications of an official character received 
 by Mr. Henshaw at this time, and requiring frequent letters from him, 
 were those written by Nathaniel Noyes, a watchful sentinel and zealous 
 worker in the cause of liberty. Several of his fellow-citizens were 
 then residing in Leicester, to be interested in the information given 
 through his letters, among them a classmate of his in Boston schools 
 and in college, Joshua Henshaw, Jr. He belonged, apparently, to the 
 Committee of Ways and Means, and was busily employed as Clerk of 
 the Committee of Inspection. He pronounced the resolves of the 
 inhabitants of Leicester noble, and their spirit and cooperation most 
 encouraging and animating. The seizure of powder, forwarding of 
 troops to Salem, and reports of regiments being ordered to Worcester, 
 with other arbitrary acts of Gen. Gage ; the threats to assassinate Col. 
 Hancock and Samuel Adams, “ to commit the Com. of Correspondence 
 
124 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 to Gaol, if they will not give Ronds for holding a meeting without the 
 Governodr’s leave”; and the report of his “determination to protect 
 the Court at Worcester at the risque of every Man in the Commons, ” 
 with other portentous indications, were promptly given, sometimes on 
 the day of their occurrence, and with a vehemence of expression well 
 calculated to stimulate to increased vigilance and activity. These acts 
 were to be made known to the committees and reliable friends, immedi- 
 ately. Some occurrences were to be circulated by public advertise- 
 ment, but the greater part in person, or by messengers, to all the 
 surrounding region, — a laborious undertaking. These communications 
 could be read to othei’s, or copied for distribution in neighboring 
 districts, the name of the informant to be withheld. They continued 
 till within a few days of the alarm. 
 
 As one of the Worcester County Committee of Correspondence, and 
 as the clerk of its first convention, and as chairman of the Leicester 
 Committee, Mr. Ileushaw found constant emploj'ment and communica- 
 tion, particularly with the towns of Worcester and Petersham. One 
 of the subjects of first importance brought to the notice of the Con- 
 vention of Dec. 6, 1774, was the establishment of a printing press and 
 office in the county. 
 
 “ Voted , That we will encourage a printing office to be set up in this 
 County, and recommend to every town herein, to give all proper 
 encouragement to such undertaking.” 
 
 “ Voted, That Capt. Timothy Bigelow, Mr. Joshua Bigelow, and 
 William Henshaw, be a committee to consult with Mr. Isaiah Thomas, 
 and endeavour to procure a printing press to be set up.”* 
 
 Among those assembled for counsel and action at the conventions 
 held at Worcester during the month of August, 1774, he met and asso- 
 ciated with one he held in great regard, his captain of “ French War” 
 memory, Jeduthan Baldwin of Brookfield, who here, as well as at the 
 first Provincial Congress of the following October, was actively en- 
 gaged in devising means for the preservation of their rights; while 
 their colonel, Brigadier- General Timothy Ruggles, sought to frus- 
 trate the devices and operations of this and other similar assemblies, t 
 
 * See “Proceedings of the Conventions of the people in the Counties of 
 Massachusetts.” 
 
 t At a Convention of Committees held at Worcester, Dec. 6, 1774. “ Whereas 
 we are informed there is a covenant circulating through this Province, wherein 
 the signers have combined against the liberties of the people, therefore, 
 
 “Voted, That William Henshaw, Capt. Timothy Bigelow, and Col. Joseph 
 
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COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 125 
 
 The next year found Capt. Baldwin responding to his country’s 
 call, as he entered the military ranks at Cambridge, and later, in 
 1786-1787, when he rendered aid in suppressing the “ Shays Insurrec- 
 tion” by commanding a force of fifty volunteers. Col. Baldwin made 
 himself pleasantly and gratefully remembered by Col. Henshaw and his 
 community in a generous benefaction of £100 to the funds of Leicester 
 Academy, at a time of great embarrassment and need. He died 
 June, 1788. A notice of his death states that “he was not only a 
 soldier and a patriot, but a Christian — a pleasant companion, and a 
 faithful friend. The virtues of humanity were his.” Mention has 
 been made of the term of the Superior Court held at Worcester, April, 
 1774, and of the protest presented to the court, signed by fifteen 
 grand jurors, giving their reasons for refusing to act as such, the protest 
 being drawn by William Henshaw* * As usual, he took a copy of 
 this paper prepared by him, which, with slight variation in arrange- 
 ment, was approved, dated, signed, and presented. 
 
 The original draft, a copy of which is given, was by him indorsed, 
 “ Reasons for not serving as Jurors, if Peter Oliver, Esq r should sit 
 as Chief Justice.” 
 
 At a time when the action of the various committees was watched 
 and reported to their enemies, by those unfriendly, on serving as a 
 medium of information, it was necessary to scrutinize the movements 
 of strangers or disaffected persons, and suitably deal with such. An 
 instance of this kind occurred in one seeking a sojourn in Leicester. 
 Perhaps he expected to gain important information from the patriotic 
 citizens, and the circle of Boston friends gathered here, who knew him 
 and his doings. His case was considered, and left to Mr. Henshaw 
 for disposal, who sent him a written permission to depart, as follows : — 
 
 “ Leicester, Sep*. 13 th , 1774. 
 
 “ Sir, — As we hear you have been an Addressor to the late 
 Gov r Hutchison upon his departure from the Province, and in other 
 respects have conducted yourself in such a manner as to afford much 
 uneasiness to the good people of this Town and County, we take this 
 
 Henshaw be a committee humbly to request the advice of the Provincial Con- 
 gress, what measures this County shall take in that affair.” This relates to the 
 form of an Association and Covenant consisting of a preamble and six articles 
 prepared by Gen. Ruggles, for the signature of Royalists. Dec. 10, 1774, the 
 Congress made a report relative to this agreement or covenant, which was 
 accepted, and ordered to be printed in the public papers. 
 
 * See Memoir, p. 8. 
 
126 
 
 REMINISCENCES OE 
 
 Oppor ty to inform you that your Residence here will be peculiarly dis- 
 gustful to the Inhabitants. 
 
 “And as well wishers to the peace and order of the Town, we think 
 it advisable that you move from hence as soon as may be ; as the Peo- 
 ple, roused with the Insults they have already sustained, will, in all 
 probability, pay you a Visit less respectful than the Intimation you now 
 receive. For the Selectmen of this Town, 
 
 “William Henshaw. 
 
 « Esq.*” 
 
 Mr. Ilenshaw’s public labors in town and county throughout these 
 years were various and great. It is not easy to see how, with no postal 
 arrangement or public print nearer than Boston, witli the slow modes 
 of travel, and living at a distance from the centre of the town, so much 
 could be performed. 
 
 But he comprehended the value of what was to be held or lost, with 
 the difficulties and perils involved therein, and resolutely met the 
 responsibilities of the hour. Happily he possessed a vigorous consti- 
 tution, and was capable of much physical endurance, which, with his 
 habitual method and dispatch, by diligent application and systematic 
 arrangements, enabled him to meet these pressing claims. But, to do 
 this, he set aside personal ease and considerations, and his farming 
 operations were made of minor account. Every day was full of activ- 
 ities and instructions that often took him to other towns, while com- 
 mittee business and an extensive correspondence very often employed 
 his pen far into the hours of night. He could suffer temporal loss, as he 
 expressed it, “ for the preservation of all our rights and privileges, 
 which we hold as dear as our lives, and that our liberties may be estab- 
 lished upon a solid foundation.” His worthy companion readily bore her 
 burden of care, and relieved his anxieties now, and when absent in the 
 army. In common with others throughout the land, these parents 
 could cheerfully dispense with enjoyments and comforts, could joyfully 
 make sacrifices, that the inestimable blessings of civil and religious lib- 
 erty might be secured for their posterity in all succeeding generations. 
 
 In the year 1774 Mr. Idenshaw was called to part with his beloved 
 mother, after a short sickness, when her children were summoned to 
 receive her parting blessing. As they were all assembled around her, 
 she “ commended them and their posterity to the God of Peace and 
 
 * In 1776 this man followed the British army to New York, and, stationing 
 himself on Long Island, was discovered to be in communication with the enemy. 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 127 
 
 Love, praying He would be with them forever and ever,” and with 
 words of counsel she bade them an affectionate farewell. Edes & Gill’s 
 “ Gazette & Country Journal,” of that date, thus records her death 
 — “Leicester, Oct. 21, 1774. Last Monday departed this Life, M rs 
 Elizabeth Henshaw, the pious and amiable Consort of Daniel Hen- 
 shaw, Esqf — Who lived beloved and died in Peace.” 
 
 A manuscript copy, by her husband, of the sermon preached after 
 her decease bears this writing : — 
 
 “ For 
 
 William Ilenshaw, the Gift of his Father, Daniel Henshaw, Esq! 
 
 To be kept and read, as his affairs will admit, 
 
 “ In Memory of his 
 EXCELLENT MOTHER. 
 
 1774.” 
 
 By the new arrangement for the military force, entered upon by 
 recommendation of the County Convention of all the Committees of 
 Correspondence, the election of company officers of the newly formed 
 regiments was to be made by the soldiers ; such officers, when chosen, 
 to meet and designate the regimental staff. Seven of these regiments 
 of “ minute men” were formed for the county, the first composed of 
 men from the towns of Worcester, Leicester, Holden, Spencer, Paxton, 
 of which regiment William Henshaw was elected colonel. The proper 
 advancement of this regiment, by meetings and drill, by communica- 
 tions, “ returns,” and by attending to “ supplies ” or equipments, de- 
 manded much of his time and attention. Being disabled at the time 
 appointed for an early meeting in his town, and unable to confer with 
 them in person, he addressed them by letter, giving such advice as 
 seemed called for, and expressing the prevailing belief that their public 
 services would ere long be called into requisition. 
 
 “Leicester, 2 a Jan y , 1775. 
 
 “ Gent*, — I think myself unhappy in being so lame as not to be able 
 to wait upon you, according to appointment. 
 
 “As I have the Honour to be elected by you an Officer of this Reg', 
 I am jiersuaded that your candour will readily excuse me for giving 
 my advice or opinion in any thing which I think lias a tendency to 
 promote the Honour and Interest of the Reg 1 to which I belong; and 
 therefore give it as my opinion, and do earnestly recommend it to every 
 Commissioned Officer, to endeavour to get a thorough Knowledge in the 
 Art military, not only in the Manual Exercise, but in the manner of 
 
 17 
 
128 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 Wheelings and Evolutions, which is absolutely necessary in order to 
 form a Battalion or Regiment, when broke to pieces. For that end, 
 I would advise every Officer in the Reg 1 to furnish himself with a Book 
 that has the Exercise commanded to be used by his Majesty in the 
 Year 1764, and which has been recommended by the Provincial Con- 
 gress. 
 
 It appears to me, very probable. Gentlemen, that before the End of 
 this Tear, we may be called into the Field, in defense of our Rights and 
 Privileges, and I heartily wish we may be prepared for it. Being 
 forewarned, let us be forearmed. The Provincial Congress has advised 
 that every Man be provided with a Bayonet fitted for his Gun, a 
 Knapsack & Pouch, which I hope, Gentlemen, you will recommend to 
 all under your Command. A Bayonet, in my opinion, is a good 
 Weapon, to act offensively or defensively, and would strike a greater 
 Terror to our Enemies, when fixed upon our Guns and marching 
 towards them in good Order, than any one thing that I know of. After 
 you and the Non Commissioned Officers have become tolerably well 
 acquainted with the Exercise, I would advise you to form your Com- 
 panys into ten or twelve Parts, according to the number of Commis- 
 sioned & Non Commissioned Officers, and let each one undertake to 
 instruct his number, (which perhaps would not be above six or seven,) 
 in the Exercise, and be particularly careful about Priming, Loading, 
 & Firing, which is the most essential part of the Manual Exercise. 
 By exercising so few, you may see and correct every false motion, and 
 by calling them together often, as they will live near you, you will 
 soon get them expert. 
 
 “ I would also inform you, Gentlemen, that the Men Drafted out by 
 the Towns in this County, to exercise and manage the Field Pieces, 
 are to meet at Worcester, on Tuesday the 17 th Instant, at 11 “’Clock 
 A. M. — in order to chuse their Officers, which you will please to in- 
 form those of, whom it may concern. 
 
 “ I have nothing further to add, Gentlemen, but that I am, 
 
 “ With the greatest Regard, 
 
 “ Your Humble Servant 
 
 Addressed “ W M ILenshaw.” 
 
 “ To 
 
 The Commiss 4 Officers of 1 st Regiment 
 Convened at Mr. Ward’s, in 
 
 Leicester/ 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 129 
 
 At this time he was promptly advised of the proceedings of the Pro- 
 vincial Congress by his brother Joseph, a delegate in October, 1774, 
 and February, 1775, and through him was early made acquainted with 
 the movements of the Committee of Safety. He received instructions 
 relative to military matters, and means of public defence, that enabled 
 him to regulate his movements in a manner the best adapted to present 
 and coming exigencies. 
 
 The Committee of Safety and Supplies of the Provincial Congress, 
 in February, 1775, voted that the powder then deposited at Concord 
 should be removed to Leicester ; soon after it was directed that a 
 portion of the ammunition and tents also be deposited at Leicester, 
 with Colonel Joseph IJenshaw ; who, on forwarding the powder, with 
 characteristic caution, gives minute directions for its storage and 
 custody, as well as the manner and route of transportation. The origi- 
 nal letter accompanying the powder is copied, showing the care and 
 vigilance to be exercised in its removal from Concord, and dual de- 
 posit. 
 
 “ Concord, 25“? March, 1775. 
 
 “ Brother Billy, — The Bearer hereof, will bring 6 or 7 hogs- 
 heads, two of which would have you put in your Barn, in some Dry 
 place, where no wet or Damp will come at the Same ; two others, 
 would have you order to Major Denny’s, to be deposited with the same 
 Care, in his Custody ; two others, would have you order to Capt? Sam- 
 uel Green to be with him stored with the same Care ; and the remain- 
 ing one be sent to Thom! Newhall’s, to be by him taken the same care 
 of. You will conduct this matter with the greatest Secrecy, and in a 
 way the least liable to Suspicion. You will take care that no Candle 
 goes near the Cask, and enjoin the same on those to whom the others 
 are sent : be careful also, to enjoin the strictest Secrecy on them re- 
 spectively. 
 
 “ When I return home, shall take further Order concerning the 
 same : and am j r . Affect! Bro r ., Jos : Henshaw. 
 
 “ Would have you, after you have lodg’d your two hogsheads, pro- 
 ceed with the other Team to the westward, and when you get to Ml 
 Allen’s Shop,* press him to proceed with one Team down the South 
 Road to Captl Green’s. After giving M r Allen the necessary direc- 
 tions, then proceed to Major Denny’s by the way of Thomas Newhall’s, 
 if that Road will do to go with the Teams. As soon as the Team des- 
 
 * Joseph Allen, then a merchant of the place. 
 
130 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 tined to Newhall’s is discharged of the one hogshead, proceed to Denny’s 
 and unload the last Team. The Teamsters had better agree to meet 
 together at Noah Jones’s, after discharging their Contents, in order to 
 return together.” 
 
 The patriot citizens of a place selected for one of the public reposi- 
 tories continued steadfast in their course. They carefully guarded the 
 powder, and perfected themselves in its use. They were not over- 
 awed by the menaces of a revengeful ministry, and the many oppressive 
 acts forced upon them, nor intimidated by the augmenting military and 
 naval forces concentrated in and around their metropolis to compel 
 submission. While in no servile spirit they acknowledged allegiance 
 to their rightful sovereign, in no boastful spirit they asserted their 
 right to self-government and to the privileges of their charter, sup- 
 porting such assertion by a resolute resistance to the Regulating Act, 
 and the Act for the new administration of justice. They pitied and 
 relieved the oppressed and suffering poor of Boston. They regarded, 
 and governed themselves by, the policy marked out at the Green 
 Dragon Tavern, and other resorts of the guardians of public interests. 
 They heeded the injunctions of their faithful pastor, whose “ earnest 
 and fervent prayer” always ascended for them, and whose constant 
 example accorded with his teachings. They listened to, and obeyed, 
 the calm and persuasive voice of wisdom, sounding through chosen and 
 trusted guides, assembled in Provincial and General Congress ; and 
 courageous, prudent, alert, as “minute men” prejmred for call, calmly 
 awaited the trial hour. 
 
 In March the rumor of the advance of the British troops, as if borne 
 on the wintry winds, reached the vigilant towns of the interior ; and, 
 wishing to learn the correctness of this report, Mr. Henshaw with his 
 chosen friend, Mr. Allen, immediately repaired to Worcester. The 
 great depth of snow not allowing a conveyance over the drifted roads, 
 they performed the journey on rackets, and learned there was no occa- 
 sion for the service of the militia. 
 
 When these snows and blasts had yielded to vernal influences, call- 
 ing the faithful band to their labors, chiefly of husbandry, the dreaded 
 alarm summoned them to conflict, and found them prepared by regu- 
 lar drill to enter upon it. Of the many furnished by the town for 
 aid were the brothers Joseph, William, and David Henshaw ; the 
 latter possessed the same invincible love of freedom that nerved the 
 hearts of his townsmen, and he cheerfully left his young family and the 
 joys of home in response to this call. The next year he was appointed 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 131 
 
 captain of an artillery company, resigning in 1779. He was not only 
 the military leader, but commanded also the personal respect of officers 
 and men thus associated with him. He rendered timely and very 
 efficient aid to the government in suppressing the Shays Rebellion. 
 As a magistrate of "Worcester County, and as one chosen to public 
 trusts, he transacted much official business in town and county. 
 Several years before his decease, during a sickness from which he did 
 not expect to recover, he penned a code of instructions for the practical 
 use of his children, exhibiting equally the affectionate interest of his 
 nature and the ripe wisdom of his counsel. His decease occurred on 
 the 22d May, 1808, in the sixty-fourth year of his age. 
 
 Not being then connected with the town companies, Mr. Henshaw 
 did not form one of the number who collected and inarched “ an hour 
 and a half before sundown,” on the 19th April, as stated in an 
 interesting account by the historian of Leicester, by whom, also, the 
 solemnities and the scene of their departure are affectingly depicted. 
 He must have been away from his home when the alarm was brought, 
 his house being a mile from the nearest point on the route of the 
 courier through town, and three miles from the village. He gives a 
 very brief relation of the event: “On the 19* April, I saw the Ex- 
 press that came from the Town of Lexington, informing that the 
 Enemy had Killed several men in that Town. I immediately sent 
 Messengers to the Field Officers and Captains of my Reg! to meet me 
 at Worcester that night by 10 o’Clock, with their Arms, Ammunition, 
 and one week’s provision for each ; they met me at the time appointed, 
 and alter supplying a number who were deficient in cartridges, we 
 marched about midnight, and arrived at Cambridge the next day in 
 the forenoon, where I continued about a Month, doing Duty.” Among 
 the employments of this ‘‘Duty” was that of being stationed for 
 awhile at Charlestown to deliver permits to such as wished to enter 
 Boston. He was “appointed to the office of granting permits, at 
 the sign of the Sun, in Charlestown,” April 30, by the Committee 
 of Safety. 
 
 Many of his regiment having no service to perform, and wishing to 
 return home, were discharged. He applied to Gen. Ward for a dis- 
 charge, but was requested to withdraw his application, and share with 
 others the task and responsibility of organizing the provincial army. 
 He therefore remained at headquarters, earnestly and anxiously con- 
 ferring with Gen. Ward, Colonels Heath, Prescott, Danielson, and 
 others ; and Majors Timothy Bigelow, and John Brooks and others, 
 
132 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 in arranging details of service, devising ways and means of defence 
 against incursions of the enemy, and providing sustenance for the 
 troops. He accompanied reconnoitring parties, and, with other offi- 
 cers, had the charge of bodies to meet an expected attack. For a time, 
 he was placed on the Council of War. 
 
 An event of the greatest importance occurred at this time, — the 
 discovery of the letter-book and many papers of Gov. Hutchinson, 
 giving his correspondence with the ministry and with individuals, 
 thus furnishing abundant proof of his perfidious course. This discov- 
 ery had an especial interest for Col. Henshaw, it being due to the vigi- 
 lant patriotism and prompt action of a relative, Samuel Henshaw of 
 Milton, who, on gaining possession of the letter-book, immediately 
 took it to Joseph Warren, then president of the Provincial Congress 
 at Watertown, and placed it at his disposal. He also informed him 
 where other important papers were to be found. 
 
 The letters to his family, though frequent, were usually brief and 
 hurried, sometimes directions for the continuation of the spring opera- 
 tions so suddenly interrupted. 
 
 “Cambridge, April 28, 1775. 
 
 “Mr Dear, — I am sorry that you are distressed for me, seeing I 
 am engaged in a good Cause. That Being who has preserved us to 
 this Day is still able — and we ought to acquiesce in his Will and 
 determinations in all things. I am glad you sent me some linen. If 
 you have an opportunity to send me my Sword, Belt & Gloves, you 
 will embrace it. I am very well & hearty, and live as well as I could 
 wish. I should be glad to see my little Family, but can’t say with 
 certainty when that will be, but hope it wont be a great while first. — 
 I need not caution you to take care of the Fires. Your brother Reu- 
 ben,* I believe, will look a little to my affairs. Should be glad to have 
 that Ground behind the barn, sown, when it is prepared, with Flax. 
 Your brother Reuben owes me half a Bushel of flax seed. I owe Mr. 
 John Mowers for one Bushel and a half, of Rye, for which I promised 
 to send him Rye meal, and had it ground before I came away — which 
 I would have sent to him if it is not already done. I wrote for my 
 Pouch or Cartouch Box to be sent me ; but I am provided with one 
 here. Have not time to add further, but only to say, 
 
 “I am your affectionate Friend & Husband 
 
 “W M Henshaw.” 
 
 * Reuben Swan, one of the Leicester company of minute-men, who marched 
 to Cambridge, April 19, and had with others returned. 
 
COPY OF THE ORIGINAL COMMISSION GIVEN TO COL. WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 IN POSSESSION OF MISS H. E. HENSHAW. 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 133 
 
 In June, by his statement, he returned home, where, however, 
 he did not long remain. “ I applied to Gen! Ward for a discharge 
 and obtained it. — After the battle on Bunker’s Hill, Gen! Ward 
 wrote me that the Provincial Congress had desired him to nominate 
 a person to be Adj*. General, and they would commission him ; that 
 he had mentioned my name, and wished me to come and take it. I 
 went, and received the commission the next day.” * 
 
 During the summer and autumn he had opportunities for seeing 
 relatives, and learning the place and condition of other kindred, 
 deprived of intercourse with friends, or fled to some neighboring spot 
 for refuge, which enabled him to answer inquiries for, and give tidings 
 of, these scattered ones. He had more opportunities for sending 
 letters to his family than for receiving them, and improved them 
 whenever his “ Duty” would allow. 
 
 “ Cambridge July 14! h 1775. 
 
 “Dear Phebe, — I wrote you yesterday by Couz n Andrew, and 
 though so late, I improve every Opportunity with real pleasure. I 
 hope this will find you and our Children in good health, which to be 
 ascertained of, affords me the greatest satisfaction. You will en- 
 deavour to remember to send my boots and what else I wrote to you 
 for, last ; also two towels and a pair of thread stockings if I have any 
 at home. You won’t forget to write me as often as you can, as you 
 may well think it will conduce much to my happiness to hear of your 
 Welfare. My Office here, keeps me in constant employ, and won’t 
 admit of writing so fully as I should be glad to do. I commit you and 
 ours, to that Being who has hitherto preserved us when present 
 together, and can do it when separated from each other. My Duty to 
 Father, and love to Bro? & Sisters. 
 
 “ I am, my Dear, your affectionate Husband, 
 
 “ War. Henshaw.” 
 
 * “Fridat, June 23 d ., 1775. 
 
 “ Ordered, That Mr. Hobart be appointed to wait on General Ward to request 
 him to nominate an Adj. General. 
 
 “ June 27 th , a.m. A letter from Gen! Ward was read, nominating Col. Wil- 
 liam Henshaw to be an Adj. Gen! in the Massachusetts army — whereupon 
 
 “ Ordered, That a Commission be made out for him, accordingly. 
 
 Afternoon. 
 
 “ Ordered, That Col. William Henshaw, an Adj. Gen! take the oath ap- 
 pointed to be taken by the officers and soldiers of the Massachusetts army, and 
 that a Commission as Adj. Gen! be delivered to him.” — Journal of Provincial 
 Congress convened at Watertown. 
 
134 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 Letter from Mrs. William Henshaw to her husband, dated 
 
 “ Leicester July 16'. h 1775. 
 
 “My Dear, — I have received one Letter from you dated the 7“! 
 inst., and since that, have heard from you by Mr. Livermore who said 
 he was to have brought a letter from you, but came by, and wholly 
 forgot it. This is the third I have wrote and have not sent. We have 
 been very busy in getting Hay but that being chiefly done, I shall 
 attend to tilings you wrote for, soon. You may be sure I am not un- 
 mindful of your necessities, but shall send all as fast as I can get 
 them made. .... Write me as often as you can, 
 and tell me if you have any good News that you have reason to 
 believe. I hear of none. Sabbath morning, just as I was writing who 
 should come in but Daniel Denny [a young nephew of William Hen- 
 shaw, in his employ at Cambridge,] and brings in a letter for me. 
 The letter you wrote by cousin Andrew, I have not yet received. 
 The Pleasure you express, in writing to me, I have no doubt of, and 
 you may depend upon it, that to hear you are well, gives me as much 
 pleasure as you can imagine. I have great Cause to be thankful for 
 all the many Mercies which God is bestowing upon me. He has 
 wrought out many Wonders for us, and has caused us to sing of Mercy 
 as well as Judgement I hope you may re- 
 
 ceive this soon, that you may know we are all well. I shall write 
 you by Daniel Denny when he returns. Have nothing more to 
 write at present, but to leave you with your God and mine. I am, 
 my Dear, 
 
 “Your very affectionate Wife 
 
 “Phebe Henshaw.” 
 
 “Head Quarters, Cambridge July 28*. h 1775. I 
 11 o’Clock at night. j 
 
 “My Dear, — While I am writing this, I hope you are enjoying 
 sweet repose in Sleep, Health, &c. I am very well at present, and 
 wish I was more thankful for it. General Ward with his Regiment is 
 gone to Roxbury. Our People are sickly, but I hope they will grow 
 better. I have a very genteel lower Room and a Chamber, in a House, 
 with as fine a Garden as you ever saw ; and should be very Glad to 
 see you here. If brother Joseph should come down in his Chair, I 
 don’t see why you can’t come with him & go to Dedham and see 
 Couzen Joshua’s Wife. I have two Beds here, and don’t want you to 
 send any Bedding except a pair of Sheets. I see Mi Robins, the 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 135 
 
 minister of Milton * who dined with me here, this Week. As to News, 
 I must refer you to others who have more leisure to tell it, than I have 
 to write it. My Boots I should be very glad of, as I ride a good deal. 
 Give my Love to my daughters, & kiss my Son f for me. A mos, 
 when he has nothing of more consequence to do than cutting & carting 
 of Wood home, may do that. You will give my Love to Brother 
 Denny and his Wife, Brother Wheeler & his Wife, BroT David & his 
 Wife, your Brothers & Sisters, Parents, & all Friends. ’T is time of 
 night to conclude this. That you may enjoy Health & Happiness here, 
 & the greatest Felicity hereafter, is the real and ardent Wish of 
 “Your Lov? & Affec te Friend & Husband 
 
 “Wm. Heistshaw. 
 
 “Mrs. Phebe Henshaw.” 
 
 “Leicester Aug. 3. 1775. 
 
 “My Dear, — This I hope to send by Mr. Allen, which is the first 
 Opportunity since Daniel Denny. I have sent your Boots and shall 
 send several other articles by Mr. Richardson, or Mr. Denny, as they 
 will soon be going dowD. 
 
 “ I received your kind letter by broi Daniel, and am very glad to 
 hear that you enjoy so good Health. Should be very glad to accept 
 your Invitation, but cannot give you much encouragement at present. 
 I have heard to-day that we have taken about 60 Prisoners, and killed 
 about 15 of the Enemy : how true I know not. But I hope that every 
 one will take a very thankful Notice of what God is doing in his 
 Providence for us. Surely, he has appeared on our side hitherto, and 
 ‘ if God be for us, who can be against us ? ’ I hope you will write 
 soon, as it gives me pleasure to hear of your Welfare; you have not so 
 much Reason to be immediately concerned for us, as we have for you, 
 being more exposed to sickness & Danger. That we may be prepared 
 for whatever is before us, is the earnest Prayer & sincere Desire of 
 “ Your very affectionate Wife 
 
 “ Phebe Henshatv.” 
 
 “Leicester Aug. 9. 1775. 
 
 “My Dear, — After having spent a very pleasant afternoon with 
 Cozen Gillam Bass and his wife, and several other Friends, viz. 
 
 * The parents of Mrs. Hensliaw were natives of Milton, and had many 
 connections living there. 
 
 f The oldest son of this wife, Joseph, an infant. 
 
 18 
 
136 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 Hon 1 ! Father, Brother Wheeler & wife, Brother David & wife, Sister 
 Henshaw (Mrs. Col. Joseph Henshaw,) and Brother Daniel, I write 
 this to you. Our Friends are all very pleasant and kind, and I hope 
 that you are not destitute of a Friend, if at any time in need. Brother 
 Richardson * was here this evening, who told me he was going down 
 tomorrow morning. I could not write by him : it’s likely you will see 
 him before you do this. We hear that y e Regulars are moving from 
 the Castle, plundering the Town, and many other things which looks 
 as if they intended Something before long. I fear every Day to hear 
 the News, but perhaps it may be better than my Fears. I hope to 
 receive a line from you very soon ; have heard nothing since Daniel’s 
 return. I hope you are very well, as I am and the rest of the family. 
 God’s Mercies to us are very great, and in many Instances have been 
 far better than we feared. No more, my Dear, but wishing you corn- 
 pleat victory over enemies, may you live to see the Time when we may 
 rejoyce ounder our own vines and fig trees, and there be none to 
 molest us. 
 
 “ I am your affectionate Wife, 
 
 “ Phebe Henshaw.” 
 
 “ Leicester Sept. y e 2? 1775. Saturday Evening. 
 
 “ My Dear, — This day has the noise of the Canon been sounding 
 in our ears. I wish I may hear of nothing more shocking, though one 
 would think that were shocking enough for those who have their near- 
 est Friends exposed (how much I know not,) to the mouth of the 
 Canon. But all we can do in such distrest times as these, is to put 
 ourselves under the care of our great Creator, who is able to preserve 
 the lives of our Friends, and to support us under the heaviest Trials. 
 I had some hopes of seeing you at home this week ; but I have no 
 such pleasing sight. However, I will be content if I know you are 
 well, supposing you are of more real Service there than you could 
 be here. I wrote you this day week, and left the letter with those 
 who lost it. In it, I made an Apology or Excuse for my not mention- 
 ing anything respecting my going down, in my former letter. Do not 
 think, my Dear, that I slighted your invitation, but remember that I 
 intend as much to do so as those who have been to see you. I cannot 
 fix upon any time, but perhaps when Brother Denny may go down. 
 
 * Benjamin Richardson, who married her sister Eunice, and was one of the 
 Leicester soldiers. 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 137 
 
 It is somewhat sickly here now, but none of our Friends are sick, ex- 
 cept brother Seth’s youngest children. Sally & Betsy send their 
 Duty, and thank you for the Verses you sent them. I thank you 
 for your present to me. No more, but praying your Life and Health 
 may be preserved and that we all may be prepared for any event, I 
 sign myself 
 
 “ Your constant Friend Sc affectionate Wife, 
 
 “ Phebe Henshaw.” 
 
 “ Cambridge 19* Sept. 1775. 
 
 “ Mr Dear, — Expecting to see you here shortly with Brother Josey, 
 shall only just inform you I am well, as I hope these will find you all 
 in Health. I have been much concern’d for you since I have heard it 
 has been so sickly in the Country. I am thankful that a kind Provi- 
 dence has continued Health in your Habitation — hope you will im- 
 prove these Mercies aright. For News, I will refer you to Brother 
 David who I suppose, will be the Bearer of this. Give my love to 
 our Children, whom I want to see. I hope they are careful to read 
 their Books. I make no doubt you instruct and admonish them as 
 often as time and Circumstances will admit. When you come down, 
 bring a pair of Sheets with you, and my Shoe Buckles. 
 
 “Your affectionate Friend and Husband, 
 
 “William Henshaw.” 
 
 The anticipated visit was made, much to the gratification of all 
 friends in Cambridge, Dedham, and other spots in the vicinity, as ap- 
 pears by subsequent letters. The house described as having “ a large 
 and fine garden ” was the residence of Jonathan Hastings, famous as 
 the place where so many revolutionary officers and soldiers were sta- 
 tioned, and now known as the “ Holmes House.” 
 
 In a letter of the following season, he informs his family and friends 
 of the defection of Dr. Church, a startling announcement to unsuspi- 
 cious minds everywhere, and the more so to friends in Leicester, whom 
 he had recently visited as a friend, and also for professedly patriotic 
 purposes, as by a brief letter from the father of Mr. Henshaw. 
 
 “ Leicester, July 3, 1775. 
 
 “ Son William, — You may remember that when I parted with you 
 here from my house, when you was on horseback, going to y e Army, 
 I gave you a Letter to be left at Ml Smith’s, Innholder at Weston, &c. 
 
138 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 . . . Let me know whether you left the s d Letter at s a place. ... I 
 would also have you write me what is y e reason of Daniel’s coming 
 home. It was very surprising to me. Dr. Church and M r Gill* 
 were here 3 Days ago, and y e Doctor told me that he had got the place 
 for liim.f When I told y e Dr. that Daniel was at Mr. Wheeler’s, he 
 was amazed. . . . Your family and we are all well. I hope these 
 lines will meet you so. 
 
 “Your Affection' 6 Father, 
 
 “ Daniel Henshaw.” 
 
 “ Leicester Oct. 11. 1775. 
 
 “ Mt Dear, — It is a long time since I heard from you. I hope you 
 are well, as we all are at present. God is pleased to grant us tem- 
 poral Blessings, in a healthful Family, which I cannot be thankful 
 enough for. Since I parted with you, I have been call’d to Mourning 
 for my poor brother t whom I had no thought of parting with so soon 
 when I left him. But, my Dear, we know not our appointed time. 
 May we be ever on our Watch and Guard that when our Time or turn 
 comes, we may he also ready. Last week I visited his bereaved 
 family. Last Thursday, went to Father’s Wedding — [the second 
 marriage of Daniel Hensliaw,] none were Guests, but our Brothers & 
 Sisters, and Mr. Bowman [the minister from Oxford]. It being a 
 rainy day, disappointed your Uncle and Aunt [Hon. Joshua Henshaw 
 then residing in the place.] When you write I want you should 'tell 
 me what we had best do this winter. I cannot get a boy that can 
 take care of the Cattle as well as they should be. And if Mr. Green 
 can look after our own Stock and his own also, he will. I want your 
 
 * This visit occurred at the time of the arrival of Generals Washington and 
 Lee, whom Dr. Benjamin Church and Mr. Moses Gill were appointed by the 
 Congress at Watertown to accompany from Springfield to the army at Cam- 
 bridge. 
 
 Both had acquaintances and personal friends in Leicester. Mr. Gill was con- 
 nected with some of the families, having married a daughter of Rev. Thomas 
 Prince, whose wife was Deborah Denny. Joshua Henshaw was then a resident, 
 to whom Samuel Adams, in a letter the following autumn, used this language 
 respecting Dr. Church : — 
 
 “ I am sorry to hear of the late behaviour of Dr. Church. It is strange that a 
 man should prove false to his country. But I forbear comment. Public spirit is 
 founded in public virtues.” 
 
 t The post of Deputy Commissary. 
 
 j Jabez Swan, of Leicester, who was wounded in battle on Bunker Ilill. He 
 was taken to a hospital, where he lingered several months. 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 139 
 
 Advice about it. Corn is got in to-day, and will be husked out next 
 Tuesday night. 
 
 “ Give my Compliments to the good Family you board with, espe- 
 pecially to Mrs. Hastings and her Daughter. 
 
 “ Adieu, my Dear, 
 
 “ from your affectionate Wife 
 
 “ Phebe Henshaw.” 
 
 At this place, the Hastings house, Col. Henshaw met with the 
 associates of other days, and found new friends also, with whom he 
 mingled in camp life here, and in subsequent wanderings. Among 
 the former, sharing with him the civilities and kindnesses of social life, 
 was Capt. Baldwin, now promoted to colonel, who by his personal 
 worth and devotedness to public service was winning general esteem. 
 At the close of his service as assistant adjutant-general, it was his pur- 
 pose to retire from all military service; but, as stated in Memoir, p. 11, 
 he was urged by Gen. Washington to remain, and take command 
 of a regiment. On consulting the subaltern officers of the three regi- 
 ments offered him, he found them all anticipating promotion , and there- 
 fore would feel aggrieved should one outside of their ranks be preferred. 
 This was given verbally by Col. Henshaw in addition to his state- 
 ment in writing. Excepting a brief visit to his family, he remained 
 in Cambridge, at the same place, till, on accepting his new appointment 
 as lieutenant-colonel of a regiment, whereof Col. Little was com- 
 mander, as he notes, he “ left Mr. Hasting’s and went to Prospect 
 Hill, Wednesday, 10* Jan! 1776.” 
 
 Here he remained through the winter, writing to his friends when- 
 ever his circumstances would permit. The following letter exhibits in 
 one paragraph his tender and affectionate sensibilities, and the ardor 
 and controlling influence of his patriotism. 
 
 “ Camp at Prospect Hill, SO 11 ? Jan? 1776. 
 
 “ My Dear, — I have just received a line from you, informing you 
 had wrote me to send by Ml Earle, with some things. I have not 
 seen Ml Earle, nor the Letter. I have heretofore wrote you what 
 things I wanted and need not repeat them making no doubt you will 
 send them by the first safe Conveyance. I wrote you last, by Gen. 
 Pomroy and desired him to leave the Letter with Ml Thomas Earle, 
 which I suppose you have received. 
 
 “ This I expect to send by Ml Ward. As no Officer or soldier is to be 
 absent from Camp for the future, it will be seldom that I shall have 
 
140 
 
 REMINISCENCES OP 
 
 an Opportunity of writing you ; but shall improve all I have, well 
 knowing it gives you pleasure to hear of my welfare ; and be assured 
 it does not give me less pleasure to hear of yours. You did not write 
 me how your Sister Richardson was, nor whether our Family were well ; 
 but I impute it to your watching the night before. Daniel is waiting 
 to get the money due to him, before he goes home. . . . This unhappy 
 War separates many dear Friends. I pray it may be short, and that 
 every Person in this once happy Land may again enjoy the sweets of 
 Liberty, & the Fruits of his Labor, with none to molest or make him 
 afraid. We expect ere long to have an Engagement with our unnatural 
 Enemies, and I hope every man will be animated by the consideration 
 of the glorious Cause he is engaged in, to behave Valiantly and Soldier- 
 like. I am as happy here as I can expect to be whilst absent from my 
 Family, and which not anything would tempt me to consent to, but the 
 great Cause we are engaged in. But who, my Dear, could remain at 
 home in Peace, and enjoy himself, when every thing that renders life 
 dear, is at stake ! 
 
 “ Present my Duty & Love where due. My Regards to Ml Conklin 
 and M r Allen, & all other Friends. I can say, my Dear, with truth 
 “ I am yours most affectionately, 
 
 “ W 5 . 1 Henshaw. 
 
 “Mrs. Phebe Henshaw. 
 
 “ Jan? 31^ 
 
 “ P. S. Write me whether Brof Denny has hired a man to live 
 with you, as I desired him to procure a steady Hand for a Year, or as 
 long as he could agree with him. If he has not, it ought to be done as 
 soon as possible. What necessaries you want in the Family, you will 
 provide, and I shall satisfy for them when an Opportunity presents. 
 
 “Eeb. 2 d — Two oClock, Morning. 
 
 “ I have just finished my Night walk, in going the Grand Rounds, 
 and have nothing further material to add, except this — that I should 
 be glad of a Visit from you if you can intercede with your Mother to 
 take the charge of your Family in your absence. I am building a New 
 House for myself, & should be glad to have you present at the House 
 Warming ; perhaps it may be next week. I expect to take some Money 
 in a few Days, and shall send it you, pr the first Opportunity. 
 
 “ You may tell Brof Joseph I expect to see him here soon. 
 
 “ I am yours, sincerely, 
 
 “ W. Henshaw. 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 141 
 
 “Eeb? 3? 
 
 “There is just now, about 30 Transports hove in Sight; what they 
 are loaded with, we cannot tell.” 
 
 The “ New House ” on Prospect Hill was finished in the course of 
 the month, and in due time the proposed visit was made in company 
 with other friends, as seen by the letters that followed. 
 
 “ Leicester, March 26'. h 1776. 
 
 “My Dear, — This by Mr. Southgate, who I hope, will find you 
 well, but where, I know not. I have not heard a word from you 
 since I saw you. I heartily congratulate you on the Removal of our 
 Frightened Enemies, and for my part, am very willing (with y e Rev? 
 Ml Cleaveland) that a Wind might blow upon them, and send them 
 quite away. Perhaps you have seen Cozen Andrew, who could tell 
 you that we got home well & found all well, and so remain. Brother 
 David is very poorly — has many signs of a settled Fever. My 
 Mother is sick of a Pleurisy Fever, but has no dangerous symptoms 
 as yet. My Sister is very low indeed. She grows weaker fast, and 
 soon, I expect, will be no more, when I must mourn her loss, a dear 
 Friend, and an only Sister. ..... 
 
 “I hope you will have an Opportunity & write a few lines by Mr. 
 Southgate just to inform me of your Welfare ; and if you do not 
 expect to be at home soon, don’t fail of informing me or Brother Joseph 
 what you would have done concerning our Cattle & Hay, &c — We have 
 some to spare, of each, and cows we must buy, and soon, oxen will be 
 in great demand for Spring work ; therefore what I wish you to tell 
 us, is, which yoke you will sell, and whether you would have as much 
 Hay sold as your Brothers may think we can spare — also whether 
 you would have brother Jos. purchase one or two Cows. Daniel 
 Denny is gone home. Phinehas Converse has come to stay here six 
 months, for £36 — the cheapest I could get, and well recommended. 
 I heartily wish you could come home, if it were but for three days. 
 However, you know best. Since writing the above, I have been 
 watching with my Mother who appears to be so weak and low, that 
 she thinks she cannot continue long. She desires to be remembered 
 to you. She seems entirely willing to leave the world. Nothing 
 more but to commit you to God in whose hands we all are. If pos- 
 sible, my Dear, come and see us in this day of affliction. 
 
 “ Your ever affectionate Wife, 
 
 “ Phebe IIenshaw.” 
 
142 
 
 REMINISCENSES OF 
 
 The person frequently mentioned as brother Denny was Samuel 
 Denny, Lieutenant-Colonel of the 1st Regiment of Militia for Wor- 
 cester County, and, as such, marched with his brother-in-law on the 
 19th April. His house was in the extreme northwest corner of the 
 town. While he was hastily preparing for the rapid march, his wife as 
 hastily penned a few lines to her brother, expressive of her sorrow, 
 and of her confidence in Divine protection. 
 
 “Leicester April 19 4 . h 1775. 
 
 “ Dear Brother, — My Parting with you on such an occasion, 
 you must needs think is a heavy Trial to me. But when I consider 
 that you have the same Preserver there that you have here, it com- 
 forts me very much, for He can be with you in the midst of Danger 
 and deliver you. O may He preserve you from the Temptations that 
 attend such an Army. He is able, my dear Brother, to carry you 
 through all Difficulties, and to return you to us in Safety. It is a very 
 sore Trial for me to part with you, but as God in his Providence is 
 calling you forth, I ought not to murmur, for you are in the hands of a 
 merciful God. Therefore keep up a light Heart & put your Trust in 
 Him. The Angel of the Lord encampeth round about them that fear 
 him, & delivereth them. This is good encouragement for us to trust 
 in him. When you are gone from us, don’t fail of writing every 
 Opportunity. I hope God will give you Success & Victory over all 
 your Enemies, both spiritual & temporal. You have the best wishes 
 of your ever loving & affectionate Sister, Elizabeth Denny.” 
 
 Three months later, when her oldest child, a youth of seventeen, 
 was in the employ of her brother, at Cambridge, she wrote as fol- 
 lows : — 
 
 “ Leicester, July y e 19, 1775. 
 
 “ Dear Brother, — I sit down in the greatest Hurry to write a 
 Line to you, and should not have omitted it so long, if I had had an 
 Opportunity to send it direct. As you are called out by Providence 
 in Defense of your Country, I hope you will have the Assistance & 
 Direction of the Almighty that you might be enabled to get the appro- 
 bation of your fellowmen, and above all, of your Creator. I pray you 
 may be kept in his fear and favor, & that He might encompass you 
 about as with a shield, and may you be returned in Safety in his own 
 time, victorious over all your Enemies. I hope I shall not be unmind- 
 ful of your Family in your absence, as you and yours are nearly con- 
 nected to me by the bonds of nature, and strongly united by affection ; 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HEN SHAW. 
 
 143 
 
 and I look upon myself as under too great obligations to you, also, to 
 be forgetful of yours. 
 
 “ Gratitude oblidges me to mention your repeated kindnesses to 
 my child, which is more acceptable to me than if shown to myself. 
 And, as he informs me, he is to be more particularly under your Care, 
 I hope you will not be wanting in teaching and advising of him both to 
 know his place & his Duty, as he will take it kindly of you ; for in 
 many things you must expect he will be ignorant. But as far as lie 
 knows, I hope he will serve you with Fidelity. I think I can say, as 
 far as I know, you may confide in him. 
 
 “ I must leave you with wishing you the best of Heaven’s blessings, 
 and if you should be brought to jeopard your Life on the field of 
 battle, O that your head may be covered and every Instrument of 
 Death be so guided that it may not touch you. You have the Prayers 
 & best wishes of 
 
 “ Your ever loving and Affectionate Sister, 
 
 “ Elizabeth Denny. 
 
 “ P. S. Mr. Denny sends his love to you, and wishes you Pros- 
 perity. I slept att your house the week before last, with your wife. 
 Excuse all haste.” 
 
 Another sister, residing very near his house, also indited many let- 
 ters of sympathizing interest and concern to one for whom she always 
 expressed throughout her long life the strongest attachment and affection. 
 
 “ March 4, 1776. 
 
 “Dear Brother, — Having an Opportunity, I embrace it, and 
 send these lines, & hope they will find you enjoying a good Measure 
 of Health. Oh my Brother, I find myself often too anxiously con- 
 cerned for you, but check myself, and carry you in Faith and Prayer, 
 to a gracious God who is able to take care of them that are his. I 
 know he is able to preserve you, tho ’ ten thousand Dangers surround 
 you. In such a place, you must unavoidably be exposed to dangers & 
 temptations. May you not have any more laid upon you, than the 
 Almighty will be pleased to enable you to bear. My dear Brother, 
 trust in the Lord, be of good Courage, and He will sustain you. 
 ‘Wait I say, on the Lord.’ To his care & Protection do I commend 
 you. Mr. Wheeler joins me in love to you. The Children send their 
 Duty. From your affectionate friend & Sister, 
 
 “Mary Belcher Wheeler.” 
 
 Addressed to “ Col. William Henshaw, 
 
 “ at Prospect Hill, Cambridge.” 
 
 19 
 
144 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 An older brother, Benjamin Henshaw of Middletown, Conn., who had 
 always maintained a constant correspondence, now wrote many a letter 
 of inquiry or information. His son, Benjamin Henshaw, junior, was 
 serving in the army as a Connecticut soldier. 
 
 “ Middletown, Aug. 5, 1775. 
 
 “Dear Brother, — I have made much enquiry for you since I 
 saw you at Hartford, but could not find whether you are at Leicester, 
 or the Camp, till a few days ago Cap 1 ? James Wadsworth, our Com- 
 missary, informed me you are Deputy Adj! Gen! of y e Army, and Ml 
 Joseph Farnsworth of this Town, (who brings this) told me the same, 
 yesterday. I should have been to see you before now, but being in- 
 formed that every Body came & was such an incumbrance that it was 
 very disagreeable to y e Officers, that determined me not to go, as I could 
 be of no service there. But I believe I shall, ere long, visit you. In 
 the mean time, pray write me what Office you sustain, beside y e above. 
 Whether you act as Col 0 , and receive pay for both, and whether 
 brother Joseph is there, and in what Capacity: — how our Friends at 
 Leicester are, and any other interesting Intelligence. Pray let me 
 hear from you as often as your Leisure will permit. 
 
 “ I am in great haste. All our family are well. Your loving 
 Brother, Benjamin Henshaw. 
 
 “ P. S. — Pray inform me where uncle Billy [Henshaw] is, and 
 uncle Bass is, and where Cousin Andrew is.” 
 
 “ To Col 0 William Henshaw, 
 
 “ Depf Adj*. Gen! of the Army 
 
 “ At the Camp near Boston.” 
 
 “Middletown, Nov. 16 l . h , 1775. 
 
 “ Dear Brother, — I received yours pr. Admiral McPherson 
 who arrived here last Saturday afternoon. I waited on him at his 
 Lodging, and spent about an Hour with him. Pray write me pr. all 
 opportunities, and let me know whether you have the Regiment you 
 expected some time ago, or in what Capacity you now are. I con- 
 gratulate you on the Reduction of Chamblea & St. Johns. Your 
 Nephew, Benjamin, was at y e taking the latter, and a brave Soldier, 
 they tell me, he makes. Pray contract an acquaintance, and if you 
 can, an Intimacy, with Rev rd M r . Johnson, the Bearer of this. You 
 will find him a worthy, good man, and a very agreeable friend — - much 
 such a one as our Rev r . d uncle Bass,* much of his turn of mind, and 
 
 * Rev. Benjamin Bass, for whom the writer of the letter was named. 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 145 
 
 something of his look. Pray give me as many particulars of public 
 and family affairs as you can. This has been Thanksgiving Day with 
 us ; Dancing & Diversions were forbid, and the prohibition was duti- 
 fully observed. I have nothing new to inform you of, so conclude by 
 subscribing myself Your affectionate Brother, 
 
 “ Benjamin Henshaw.” 
 
 To 
 
 “ Col° William Henshaw 
 
 “At the Camp in Cambridge, or at the House of Jonathan Hast- 
 ings, Esq! Under Cover to Rev 1 ! M r . Johnson.” 
 
 “ Middletown, March 24'^, 1776. 
 
 “ Dear Brother, — I congratulate you upon our Troops taking 
 possession of Boston, without the Loss of Lives, and regret your not 
 having had the Small Pox, that you might have had the satisfaction of 
 going in. I intend seeing you within about a Fortnight, when if a 
 Permit is necessary to go in, shall depend on your procuring one for 
 me. My Business is so urgent, that I caunot possibly leave it at pres- 
 ent — yet I am much tempted to break away, and leave all at loose 
 ends, for I never wanted so much to go down, in my Life, as at this 
 time. If you can, give me a Line by the Bearer, Mf Thing, and let 
 me know how matters are, there. We are all well here, as was my 
 Son Benny, at Montreal y e 19'. h Feb?, y e last I heard from him. Is 
 uncle William in Boston yet, or not? Is brother Daniel in y e Camp, 
 or at Leicester? How does Father & our new Mother do, and all 
 Friends at Leicester? Where is Uncle Bass & Moses, cousin Ben- 
 jamin & Alden Bass ? These and a thousand other Questions I want 
 answered. If you give me a part in your answer, it may suffice till I 
 see you. My Wife and Children send their Love to you. 
 
 “I remain your affectionate Brother, 
 
 “ Benjamin Henshaw.” 
 
 On April 1, Colonel Henshaw “was sent with a detachment of 
 troops to look after the enemy at Newport where a British fleet of 
 thirty sail had just made its appearance, but which soon left, however, 
 without doing or receiving much damage. After a short furlough, he 
 was transferred, with the main body of the Army, to New York.” 
 Here, and at Long Island, for several months he had frequent 
 opportunities to send letters to his family, which he invariably im- 
 proved. 
 
146 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 “ New York, 29 th April, 1776. 
 
 “ My Dear, — You undoubtedly are anxious to know where I am, 
 or am like to be — at present, am here, & shall remain here or near 
 this place, until we hear what course the Enemy steers ; then I suppose 
 we shall follow them. Four of our Regiment set off for Quebec last 
 
 Week. Six more are to go to Morrow. 1 have been very well 
 
 since I left you, & should be very glad to hear that you and our little 
 Family have been so. You can write to me under cover to Brother 
 Benjamin, who will forward it to me. If my Chest is not brought 
 from Cambridge, I hope you will lose no time in getting it home. Mr. 
 Allen will have Opportunities to send for it by Teams passing that 
 way. [Joseph Allen, merchant in Leicester, who sent for goods by 
 these teams.] You may tell Jonathan Sargent, his son Jonathan is 
 well. Give my Duty to Parents, love to Brothers & Sisters, & to our 
 Family. Having nothing further at present to add but that 
 “I am your affectionate Friend & Husband, 
 
 “ W“ Henshaw.” 
 
 “ Long Island, 15 th May, 1776. 
 
 “My Dear, — It is with Pleasure I improve every Opportunity to 
 inform you of my welfare, being fully persuaded it gives you the great- 
 est Satisfaction that I am capable of at this distance. I would hope 
 that you omit no Opporl of doing me the like kindness. I enjoy my- 
 self as well as I can expect while absent from my Family, and it would 
 add to my happiness to know you were well. I can’t inform you of 
 anything new, but would refer you to the Public Prints for News. 
 Encourage the Children in Learning, and every Virtuous Action. I 
 shall heartily rejoice when the happy Time comes that shall settle this 
 unnatural struggle on an honorable & lasting Basis, when we can sit 
 peaceably under our own Vines & Fig Trees, & there be none to molest 
 us. Give my Duty, Love, & Compliments where due, & believe me 
 to be Yours Affectionately, 
 
 “ W“ Henshaw.” 
 
 “ Long Island 22 d May. 
 
 “ I sent you by Colonel Learned 50 Dollars some time ago, with 
 directions how to lay it out, & let me know whether you have received 
 it. Get some Person to make you a new Well Curb, and fix the Pole 
 so that there be no danger of Drawing Water. I have not received a 
 Letter from you since I left you. The Bearer will return in about 10 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 147 
 
 Days. If you leave a Letter at Josy’s, he will take it. Y rs W 1 ? 
 Henshaw. 
 
 “ Mrs. Pliebe Henshaw.” 
 
 “ Camp, Long Island 3 d June, 1776. 
 
 “ My Dear, — I have not received a Line from you since I left 
 Leicester, but will not impute it to anything but want of Opportuni- 
 ties, or that you have wrote, & the Letters have been miscarried. If 
 this comes by M r Porter, I shall send by him thirty Dollars. I would 
 have you pay Bro. Joseph 5 Dollars. With the remainder you may 
 purchase a Cow, if you wish for one, or otherwise, as your Prudence 
 shall direct. Inform me, when you write, of everything you judge 
 me desirous of knowing. Give my Love to Relations & Friends & 
 believe me “ Affectionately Yours 
 
 “ W™ Henshaw.” 
 
 “ Long Island 5 th June, 1776. 
 
 “ Dear Phebe, — I shall write you so often as to be rather troub- 
 lesome, if I continue to write as I have done ; but oppor tys , I expect, 
 will be less frequent. You err on the other hand, as I have not heard 
 from you since I left you. I hope M! Porter the Bearer, will find 
 you well. I would have you entertain him as well as you can. By 
 him I send 40 Dollars : five of them, pay to Bro! Joseph, four to 
 Bro! Daniel: the rest I leave with you, to do with as you think most 
 advisable. My Love & Compliments where due, is all at present, 
 from yours affectionately “ W“ Henshaw.” 
 
 “ Long Island 16*!' June, 1776. 
 
 “ My Dear, — I received yours of the 2 6*. h May, three or four Days 
 agone, the only one I have had from you. It gave me great pleasure 
 to hear you all were in Health. God grant you may all continue so, 
 and give you Grace to be truly thankful for so great a Mercy. — I am 
 much obliged to you for your Advice. I always bear testimony 
 against projdiane language ; but it is very difficult to put a stop to it 
 in an Army, & too many Officers, by setting bad examples, encourage 
 the Soldiers in their Prophanity. Tho’ it is the Duty of Officers to 
 abstain from Swearing themselves, & punish those (under them) who 
 practise it. 
 
 “ May God pardon our manifold Sins, and avert the Judgments that 
 threaten us. 
 
 “ Give my Love & respects where due. 
 
 “ I am yours affectionately, 
 
 W? Henshaw/ 
 
148 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 “ New York 18 h .' June, 1776. 
 
 “My Dear, — Would just inform you I am in Health, and hope 
 these will find you and all our Friends so. Shall he glad to be informed 
 in your next, whether my Chest & things are brol from Cambridge ; 
 whether Major Cudworth left my Sword ; how things go on at home, 
 &° We have expected the Enemy here this some time, but they have 
 not as yet arrived. Our Affairs at Canada begin to wear a more 
 favorable aspect. Gen! Thomas died there of the Small Pox. L‘ 
 Benj a Brown has had it, and is now well. Reuben Earle is well, 
 which you may inform his wife of : my Respects where due. from 
 “ Your Affectionate Husband 
 
 “W? Henshaw.” 
 
 “ Long Island 22 a June, 1776. 
 
 “Dear Phebe, — I have nothing new to inform you of — have 
 wrote you so often that you may well be tired of reading the letters 
 you receive. Should be glad to hear from You oftener ; have re- 
 ceived but one letter from you since I left home. 
 
 “ Ml Thomas Earle promised to send a Gun which he had in hand 
 for the General, and which I am surprized he has not sent. 
 
 “Just this moment, I hear a Plot has been discovered which the 
 Tories laid to seize or kill all the General Officers of the Army at one 
 and the same time, & seize & blow up the Magazines. The Mayor of 
 this City was taken last Night on Long Island. My love to all Friends. 
 “ from Yours, affectionately, 
 
 “ W™ Henshaw.” 
 
 [Later.] 
 
 “ Long Island 22 d June, 1776. 
 
 “My Dear, — These pi Ml Earle, I hope will find a continuance 
 of Health in our Family- and Friends — Last Evening a Conspiracy 
 of the Tories was discovered: their Plan was to Murder Gen 1 Wash- 
 ington, seize on the Persons of the other General Officers, & blow up 
 our Magazines, at the Instant of Time the King’s Troops should land. 
 A Number of our Officers rode last Night to Flat Bush on this Island, 
 & seized the Mayor of the City who is now in safe Custody, & sup- 
 posed to be in the Conspiracy; several others are also taken, and the 
 Names of others we have, which I hope we shall soon be able to give 
 a good account of. 
 
 “In haste, I conclude: Yours, affectionately, 
 
 “ W“ Henshaw.” 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 149 
 
 “ Mr. Thomas Earle was distinguished for his mechanical skill and 
 ingenuity. In 1774 he manufactured a gun of exquisite workmanship 
 for Col. William Ilenshaw, who took it with him to Cambridge when 
 in the service, 1775. Here it fell under the observation of Gen. 
 Washington, who admired it so much that he ordered one of the same 
 pattern. Mr. Earle, having completed it, loaded and primed it, and 
 placed it under water, all but the muzzle, during a night; and taking 
 it out in the morning, discharged it as if it had just been loaded. 
 He carried it to New York, where the army then lay, and delivered it 
 personally to Gen. Washington, having travelled the distance on foot, 
 and carried it upon his shoulder. It received great commendation for 
 its perfection of workmanship.” — Washburn’s History of Leicester. 
 
 “ At Cambridge Col. Henshaw formed a somewhat intimate ac- 
 quaintance with the commander-in-chief, to whose head-quarters offi- 
 cial duties brought him daily. A warm and mutual friendship followed, 
 which lasted, at least, through the war, and was manifested by many 
 kindnesses and courtesies extended and reciprocated while at this place. 
 Col. Henshaw took with him a gun of light calibre and of curious and 
 ingenious workmanship, made expressly for him by his neighbor and 
 friend, Thomas Earle, a skilful artisan and enthusiastic artist. It 
 bears the maker’s name. The trigger, guarded by a stout silver band, 
 a half-circle, with braces projecting each way, fastened to the stock 
 with silver-headed screws ; thumb-piece on top ; back of the lock is a 
 silver plate inlaid, on which is ingeniously wrought the family coat 
 of arms. Another long silver plate, on the left-hand side of the 
 stock, opposite of the lock, representing a serpent with mouth open, and 
 forked tongue protruding ; silver loops are under the barrel to hold the 
 ramrod, and plate of the same metal on the butt end of the breech. 
 Several curious devices in silver are embossed on the cherry case. 
 Gen. Washington admired this gun, often handled it, and requested Mr. 
 Henshaw to order one for him by the same maker, of the same pattern, 
 a little longer in some parts (to suit the general’s longer arms). Mr. 
 Earle was a long time in executing the order, improving upon the taste 
 and finish of the former; and, having no silver in bars, he melted coin 
 for the trimmings of both. Having at length completed it to his own 
 satisfaction, he encased it carefully, and trudged with it to New York, 
 where, after an introduction by his townsman, he enjoyed a short inter- 
 view with his illustrious patron ; and, it is related, received a compli- 
 mentary reward of $200.” — H. G. Henshaw. 
 
150 
 
 REMINISCENCES OP 
 
 The gun thus minutely described is the one alluded to in the letter 
 above, and, as it appears by other letters, was delivered in the course of 
 the summer. 
 
 At this time, postal arrangements were made by which, letters to and 
 from New York could be conveyed with some regularity by “ post-rid- 
 ers ” from one point to another. Col. Joseph Henshaw was appointed 
 for this purpose, — to receive and forward letters from his office at 
 Mt. Pleasant, Leicester. 
 
 “ Long Island July 13".' 1776. 
 
 “My Dear, — I have received two Letters from you since I left 
 home, & should be glad to hear of your Welfare oftener. You can 
 write by the Post which is a sure way of conveyance. I sent you by 
 Mr. Porter, 40 Dollars which I hope you have receiv’d. If my things 
 are not brought from Cambridge, I hope you will not lose any time in 
 getting them. At Staten Island, about four miles from us, there are 
 about 140 Ships & Ten Thousand Troops; we expect daily to have an 
 Engagement with them. Yesterday four of them sailed by New York 
 up the North River: they were Canonaded by all our Forts as they 
 passed by them ; what damage they received we can’t tell, but saw 
 Numbers of Shot strike them. 
 
 “My Duty to Parents, Love to Brothers, Sisters & Friends, not for- 
 getting our Children. 
 
 “ I am Yours affec’. 7 
 
 “ W m Henshaw.” 
 
 The reception of the Declaration of Independence by Gen. Wash- 
 ington, its being read to the Continental troops, and its inspiriting effect 
 upon them, are well known. To one who had always inculcated union 
 of sentiment, purpose, and action, throughout the colonies, it must have 
 been a peculiar pleasure to discontinue the use of the words “ prov- 
 inces,” “ colonies,” and to adopt in their stead the United States of 
 America. 
 
 “Brooklyn, Long Island, 17* July. 1776. 
 
 “ Dear Piiebe, — By leaving a letter at Brol Josey’s, you may 
 have au Opportunity of conveying one to me by the Bearer. 
 
 “ We have had several Flags of Truce sent us from the Enemy. 
 The first was refus’d because they neglected to give General Washing- 
 ton his Title. They have since, comply’d. Lord Howe pretends he 
 came with full power to settle the Disputes between England & The 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 151 
 
 United States of America, and is sorry he had not arrived before 
 Independence was Declared. 
 
 “ I sent you last Month, by Ml Jabez Porter of Malden, 40 Dollars, 
 which I hope you have received, and a black Barcelona Handkerchief. 
 I have received two Letters from you since I have been in this Place ; 
 should be very glad to hear from you oftener. That you and all our 
 Delations & Friends may enjoy Health & Happiness, is the real 
 Wish of “ Yours Affectionately 
 
 “ W 5 .' Henshaw. 
 
 “ P. S. I lent Reuben Earle 20 dollars when he was here, which 
 you may get of him, when you want it.” 
 
 “ Long Island 22? July 1776. 
 
 “ Dear Phebe, — I omit no Opportunity of Writing to you, though 
 they should offer every Day. Two Letters I have received from you, 
 and One from Bro r Josey. General Lee has had a Battle with the 
 Regulars at South Carolina. Killed & Wounded 172 of them. He 
 had 10 Killed & 22 Wounded. They lost a 20 Gun Ship, and had 2 
 more very much damaged. After a Canouade of 12 hours, they 
 were oblig’d to return to their Old Quarters. Inform me in your 
 next, of what news you can. It being late at Night, I must drop my 
 pen, with my Love to all Friends. I am, my Dear, 
 
 “Yours sincerely, 
 
 “ W" Henshaw.” 
 
 Mrs. Henshaw to her husband, addressed 
 To Col? William Henshaw 
 on 
 
 Long Island 
 at 
 
 New York. 
 
 Pr. Mr. Thomas Earle.) 
 
 “ Leicester July 22? 1776. 
 
 “My Dear, — I have been impatiently waiting for Mr. Earle to 
 start, that I might have the Pleasure of writing you. Have wrote by 
 Capt. Lincoln. Which will see you first, I know not, but hope & pray 
 that both will find you well, as they leave all our Family & Friends. 
 I have already informed you that my Sister is dead, which you ex- 
 pected to hear; therefore it will be no surprise to you. Nor was it to 
 me to see her a going, because I knew she had so long expected and 
 longed for it. Although I have great Reason to mourn the Loss of a 
 very good Friend, and an only Sister, yet our Loss being her great 
 Gain, much assuages our Grief concerning her. Yesterday I received 
 
 20 
 
152 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 by Post, yours of y e 1 3 th inst. Am much obliged to you for that & 
 many others, one pr Mr. Reuben Earle, &c. Have also received the 
 50 Dollars, and the 40 Dollars by Col° Learnard, and Mr. Porter. 
 The Letters you have received are all I have sent, but I hope, (if our 
 Lives are preserved) that I shall have Opportunities oftener. Our 
 Friends all join in Love to you, my Mother in particular. Pray write 
 me as often as you can. Oh that you were where I could better ex- 
 press my affection for you. Sally & Betsy send their Duty, and thank 
 you for your Advice to them. So commending you to God who has 
 ever been our Protector, I leave you, praying that he would still pre- 
 serve you from Death and every hurtful Snare. May we be prepared 
 for the worst Events. Adieu, my Dear, from your very Affec 4 .® Wife 
 
 “Phebe Henshaw. 
 
 “ P. S. Our things are not yet brought from Cambridge, which I am 
 sorry to write, but I have spared no Pains to get them home. Have 
 some hopes yet, either by some Team for Mr. Allen, or by one going 
 to Watertown with Salt Petre. I hire work by the Day, the only 
 way I can get any done,” 
 
 “ Long Island, SO 11 ? July 1776. 
 
 “ My Dear, — I feel uneasy at not hearing from you oftener. Have 
 rec’d but two Letters since I left home. People from the County of 
 Worcester arrived on Sunday at New York, & was Order’d back on 
 Monday to King’s Bridge, about 15 miles off where I suppose, they 
 will be stationed. I have not seen them. If you receive all my 
 letters, you have them often. The Enemy still lye at Staten Island ; 
 15 Ships more were added to them Yesterday. We are preparing 
 Fire Rafts to destroy them. Hope this will find you & Family all 
 well : my Regards to Friends. That you may enjoy Health & Hap- 
 piness, is the hearty & sincere wish of 
 
 “ Yours affection ly 
 
 “ W M Henshaw. 
 
 “ Duty to Parents, & Love to Children Brothers & Sisters.” 
 
 Several more letters followed this before the eventful 27th August, 
 the news of which must have brought fear and anxiety to the families 
 and friends of many Worcester County soldiers engaged in it. No 
 dispatches, with electric speed, reached them in those solemn days, to 
 confirm their fears, or rejoice their hearts with the assurance of preser- 
 vation. The following lines, written in the utmost haste, and prob- 
 ably sent by post, according to indorsement by the one to whom they 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 153 
 
 were addressed, were “Receiv’d Septf 15*? 1776,” — a long time to 
 live in weary suspense. 
 
 “ Long Island Aug*. 29 th 1776. 
 
 “My Dear, — I have but just Time to inform you I am well, as I 
 hope this will find you, our Family and Friends. You will undoubt- 
 edly hear, before you see this, that we have had an Engagement with 
 the Enemy ; were surrounded by them, & had a number Kill’d & 
 Taken. I was with the Party who were Surrounded, & through a 
 kind Providence, got through their Fire without being Wounded or 
 Taken. The Particulars of which I have not time to relate, as the 
 Enemy are close to us, & we expect to be attack’d every hour. I have 
 wrote to Brof Josy by this Conveyance, which Letter he will let you 
 see. May God bless & preserve you from every disaster, is the unre- 
 mitting wish of “ Yours affectionately 
 
 “ W” Henshaw. 
 
 “ Give my Duty to Father & Mother, & kind Love to Brothers, 
 Sisters, Children, &c.” 
 
 “N. York Sept I s .* 1776. 
 
 “My Dear, — Last Friday we left Long Island, (being unable to 
 keep it any longer without being made Prisoners) and came to New 
 York. How long we shall stay here is uncertain. Our Public Ene- 
 mies are numerous — our private Ones not a few. Happy shall I 
 esteem myself, if I live to see these Publick Calamities at an End, — 
 when we can live peaceably at home, & enjoy the Fruit of our Labours, 
 the Sweets of Liberty and none to molest us : 7 Regiments marched to 
 King’s Bridge Yesterday Afternoon. Lord Sterling and Gen! Sullivan 
 are made Prisoners by the Enemy, Sullivan was with us yesterday on 
 his Parole, and is now gone to Philadelphia to Congress. Numbers 
 of our People who were surrounded by the Enemy at Flat Bush, and 
 we thought were taken by them, have since, got in. My Duty to 
 Parents. Love to Sally, Bettsey, Ruthy & Josy, Brothers, Sisters, & 
 all Friends, with which I conclude. 
 
 “ Yours Affectionately 
 
 “W“ Henshaw.” 
 
 “Leicester August y! 26 th 1776. 
 
 “My Dear, — -I have been long waiting for this Opportunity. M r . 
 Earle has been a going to New York every Week these two Months 
 past: tomorrow he is to set off. I hope he will see you well. He 
 can better describe how things are here, than I can with my pen. I 
 
154 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 am much oblig’d to you for taking so much care to write to me so 
 often, and should be very glad could I have the Pleasure of writing to 
 you oftener. But my living out of the post Road makes it more diffi- 
 cult. The last 4 Letters I have received from you, were of the 30'? 1 
 & 31*1 July 9'! 1 & 10'. h August. I believe I have received every Letter 
 you have sent me. They generally come to Town now, in 6 or 7 days 
 after y e date. Last Fryday dined at Father’s with Brother Benjamin, 
 on his way to Boston & vicinity, who told me he should come down in 
 3 or 4 Weeks, with his Wife, daughter Betsy, son Daniel, and their 
 neighbour Mrs. Hobby, and stay with us some time, (at which occasion 
 I shall wish you could be at home.) Capt" Richardson with his oldest 
 son, is gone to Dorchester, as M r Earle will inform you. Uncle & 
 Aunt [Joshua Henshaw] have gone to Dedham, to live with their 
 Family. It’s very probable that Leicester people with you, have 
 Letters from their Friends as often as you have, or more so. How- 
 ever, you may tell them it is, generally, a time of Health. Mrs, 
 Lincoln, who was very poorly when her husband left, is now much 
 better. We are all in Health, & have had no illness in the Family 
 during your absence, except y e children have all had the Rash, and that 
 very favourably, and soon after you left. As to our Haying, it is 
 about two thirds done. I get my help for it, as I can ; sometimes 2 or 
 3 days together. It has been very poor haying a whole fortnight, or 
 else we should have been done by this time. When Haying is over, 
 I am in hopes of getting the things from Cambridge which perhaps 
 you may think I have been too negligent about. I have done all in 
 my power, and Mr. Allen has done the same. Had they been left at 
 Watertown, we could have gotten them many times. Billy Sargent is 
 going down with saltpetre to Watertown. I have engaged him to go 
 to Cambridge. All our Friends here, seem concerned for your Health 
 & Happiness and desire their Love & Regards to you. The Children 
 send their Duty, and are every day, wishing for your Return Home. 
 I have nothing further to add, so committing you to a merciful God, 
 & praying that He would keep & preserve you, I sign 
 “ Your loving & affect 6 wife 
 
 “Phebe Henshaw. 
 
 “ My Dear, as there is no tea to be had but for an extravagant 
 price, if you could send me some by Mf Earle, you would do me a 
 Favour, as before long, I will have a good deal of Company.”* 
 
 * Tea had been long out of use in this family, and the youthful wife and 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 155 
 
 “North River, 6 Miles above N. York, Sep*. 10*1' 1776. 
 
 “My Dear, — It gives me at all Times the greatest Satisfaction to 
 hear of your Health, and the welfare of our Family — and I am per- 
 suaded you will embrace every Opportunity to gratify me therein. 
 I am sorry to inform you that there is no Tea to be purchas’d at New 
 York, for love or Money — - 1 was there yesterday, and Tried all over 
 the City, to purchase some. I have wrote to Bro? Benjamin to buy 
 some there [Middletown, Conn.] if there is any to be sold, & send it by 
 M r Earle — have also desired MF Earle to buy some on the Road, and 
 carry to you. CapF Brown’s youngest Son, who was in Col? Prescott’s 
 Regl, is dead. Mf Parkman & Oliver Earle are poorly. Have noth- 
 ing Material to write, more than Mr. Earle can inform you of. That 
 your Life & Health, and those of our Family, Connections & Friends, 
 may be precious in the sight of Heaven, that you may enjoy every 
 necessary Blessing, to make you happy here, & happy hereafter, is 
 the ardent wish of 
 
 “Yours most affect 
 
 “ W” Hens haw. 
 
 “ P. S. Give my Duty to Parents. Inform Father there is no pros- 
 pect of getting any Money from Mr. Cheevers while in the Service. 
 My Love to Brothers, Sisters, Children & c . My Regards to Mr. 
 Conklin [Rev. Benjamin Conklin], Regards to MF Allen. Inform 
 Brother Joseph I had not time to write any other Letter, but shall 
 improve the next OppoiY You may always write by the Post, who 
 calls at BroF Josy’s about 5 Days after he leaves my Letter there. I 
 hope to send you some Money in a few Days. When it comes, I 
 would have you get a Stock of Sugar for the Winter ; as, it is said, it 
 is now very Cheap.” 
 
 “New Jersey, near Fort Constitution, Sep*. 29** 1 1776. 
 
 “ Mr Dear, — I am obliged to you for your last, & hope you 
 will continue to write by the Post who calls at BroF Josy’s for Letters. 
 If you can send me by the Post a pair of Stockings (Yarn or Worsted,) 
 I shall be glad, as I have only Thread Stockings, and can’t purchase 
 any. I shall send you 20 Dollars, & I lb. of Tea, which here costs 
 
 mother did not wish for it as a luxury, or to help to sustain herself under the 
 burden of accumulated cares and responsibilities ; but as a refreshment for the 
 five visitors after a tedious journey from a neighboring State. After much 
 search, her husband was able to procure the desired article, as a rare beverage, 
 to contribute to the enjoyments of the social hour. 
 
156 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 a Dollar, & some ask Two Dollars & a half pr. pound. If there is any 
 to be sold near you, you’d better buy it. If there is not, I will send 
 you some more when I have an Opportunity. 
 
 “I informed you in my last, we had a Brush with the Enemy the 
 16‘. h Ins! in which we lost about 15 Kill’d, & 50 Wounded. They 
 
 say they had 15 Kill’d & Wounded, but we judge many more. 
 
 They have been very peaceable, since. I hope, my Dear, I don’t dis- 
 trust the Goodness of that Being who has preserv’d me to this Day, & 
 am thankful for the Mercies which I and my Friends are daily receiv- 
 ing at his Hands. I am obliged to you for your kind Wishes — That 
 you may enjoy every Favour that is needful for your Happiness, is the 
 real desire of yours Affection 17 : 
 
 “ W M Henshaw. 
 
 “ P. S. Give my Duty to Parents, Love to Brothers, Sisters, Chil- 
 dren & all Enquiring Friends.” 
 
 “ White Plains, Octt 31 s . 1 1776. 
 
 “My Dear, — As I have not time to write more than one Letter, 
 I shall not refer you to any. In your last, you want to know whether 
 I was in the Brush, or Battle, mentioned in my last. I was there. 
 In our Brigade was Kill’d & Wounded, 75: in the whole Kill’d & 
 Wounded on our Side, about 100 — of the Enemy, by the best informa- 
 tion we have, about 500. Since which we have had several Skirmishes. 
 I was not in them, though I saw some of them. One of them last 
 Week was fought by Reed’s & Learned’s Reg*.? where we had six 
 kill'd and a number Wounded : the Enemy had Kill’d & Wounded, 
 above 200 — the same Week a Scouting Party came across the famous 
 Rogers, with a Scouting party of the Enemy, took 30 of them Prison- 
 ers, & Kill’d a number of them. This Week we had some Battles 
 with them. Monday, the 28'! 1 Inst, about 2000 of them came on a 
 height of Land on these Plains, Attacked our Picquet & after some 
 time, forc’d our People to give Back. The Loss on either side I can- 
 not ascertain, but suppose we had Kill’d & Wounded near 100, as the 
 Eire of Cannon & Small Arms was heavy for some time. The Day 
 before, they Attacked our Lines near Fort Washington, with two of 
 our Brigades, & some of their Ships. Their Ships were much dam- 
 aged ; one of them, they were obliged to Tow off. Our People at the 
 Lines reserved their Fire till the Brigades advanced pretty near, then 
 gave them a heavy Fire which caused them to Retreat ; they form’d 
 & advanc’d the second time, when our People gave them the second 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 157 
 
 Fire ; they Retreated as before, & form’d the Third time, came up & 
 Fired at the Lines, which was so warmly returned, that they Retreated. 
 Our People then Jump’d over the Lines, & pursued them & Kill’d 
 many, but the Number is not ascertained. Should I have another 
 Opportunity to write, can better inform you. We had but one Kill’d 
 in this Battle. We took 14 Hessians one Day this Week, & one Eng- 
 lish Officer, — have had several Deserters come in this Week. 
 
 “ The Enemy are now Encamp’d within Gun shot of us, so that there 
 is a continual firing of Small Arms. We let two Hessians which we 
 took some time ago, return to the Enemy’s Camp. We daily expect 
 an Engagement with the Enemy. 
 
 Brother Denny * was here Yesterday to see me ; is well & Sta- 
 tioned at Terry Town on the North River, about 8 Miles from this. 
 Cap! Lincoln, Parkman, & our People in general, were well a few 
 Days ago. Should I live to see Peace Restor’d and our Rights 
 Restor’d, shall prize the Blessing more than ever. I have heard many 
 Rumours that it would be tedious to write. Last Night we took 
 Dr. Whitworth's son (of Boston) Prisoner. He was in some Office 
 with the Enemy. My Duty where due. Love to Bro r Josey & Wife, 
 Brothers, Sisters, & all Relations. My Respects to Friends. 
 
 “ I am Yours, affectionately, 
 
 “ W M Henshaw. 
 
 “ P. S. I am in Health, hope this will find you & all Friends the 
 same.” 
 
 “ Phillips Manor, Novt W 1776. 
 
 “ Last Night we Removed to this Place, 3 Miles from our last 
 Encampment — Where we shall be to Morrow, I know not — The 
 Enemy, I have just heard, are on their March to pay us a Visit.” 
 
 “ Col. Little, commandant of the regiment, having been appointed 
 to another branch of service, the chief command devolved on Lt.-Col. 
 
 Henshaw, and so continued during the following winter 
 
 “ His brother officer and townsman, Col. Samuel Denny, reported the 
 part Col. Henshaw took in engagements, the one at Chatterton’s Hill, 
 or White Plains and particularly the one at Fort Washington, where 
 
 * Colonel Samuel Denny. In February, 1776, lie was elected Colonel of the 
 First Regiment in Worcester County, and in November following was stationed 
 with the army at Tarrvtown. 
 
158 
 
 REMINISCENCES OE 
 
 the British formed, advanced, and were repulsed three times. He said 
 the field-officers of the brigade to which his regiment belonged gave 
 Col. Ilenshaw credit for the mode of warfare adopted on that occasion, 
 viz., to reserve fire until within eight rods of the advancing enemy. 
 And instead of marching in close columns, with shouldered arms, the 
 troops were spread out three feet apart, their muskets held in the right 
 hand, with muzzle elevated at about forty-five degrees. Thus extended, 
 and with a rapid march, the advancing enemy gave way, and retreated 
 before a gun was discharged on our side. The officers said the favor- 
 able result of that day was due to the energy and perseverance of Col. 
 Ilenshaw. 
 
 “ Another Leicester man, Capt. Loring Lincoln, who commanded a 
 company of militia at that station in the same battle, used to speak 
 exultingly of his friend and townsman on that particular occasion. He 
 said the colonel might be seen hurrying from place to place on his 
 foaming horse, giving brief orders to field and company officers, and 
 that he was particularly active in rallying the troops to meet the enemy 
 in their second and third advance. He said our colonel had deter- 
 mined that we must win the day, and he worked accordingly.” — Rem- 
 iniscences by H. G. Henshaw. 
 
 In reply to a letter from his wife, in which she hoped he would do 
 what he could to lessen the profanity of soldiers, he writes (July 16) : 
 “ I always bear testimony against prophane language. — It is the Duty 
 of Officers to abstain from swearing themselves, and punish those (under 
 them,) who practise it.” 
 
 Evidence of this “testimony,” and performance of duty in sup- 
 pressing the practice, appears in orders issued by him while at White 
 Plains : — 
 
 “Regimental Orders for the 12™ Reg? 
 
 “Octf 30^ 1776. 
 
 “ That a Morning Report be made Daily of the state of Companys 
 in the Reg 1 &c 
 
 “ Commanding Officers of Comp 5 ! 8 will see the Rolls called, agreeable 
 to Gen! Orders, and that the Soldiers do not Straggle from the Reg! nor 
 go out of Drum Call without leave from them in Writing. 
 
 “ The Commanding Officer of the Regt! for the Time being, wishes 
 Prophanity suppressed in the Reg*; to accomplish it, he hopes the Offi- 
 cers will refrain from it, and set an Example for the Soldiers : as it is 
 (in his Opinion,) unbecoming the Gentleman, and degrading to the 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 159 
 
 Soldier ; neither can we expect Success will attend our Arms while 
 such Blasphemous Expressions & horrid Oaths are used in common 
 Conversation ; he therefore hopes the Officers will exert themselves in 
 putting a stop to such impious language. W. H. Corn 1 ” 
 
 “ Orders — Nov. 2? 1776. 
 
 “ All prophane Language is forbid to be used in the Reg! Any 
 Soldier convicted thereof, will not only be subject to pay a fine of 1/, 
 but also be Order’d on the next Duty of Fatigue for Disobedience of 
 Orders. Officers are desir’d to take down the Names of those who 
 offend in this Point, that they may be dealt with accordingly. 
 
 “ Any Soldier convicted of Plundering, or Stealing Sauce or Poultry, 
 shall be punish’d on the Spot without the Benefit of a Court Martial. 
 
 { No Guns to be fired without leave from the Command? Officer of the 
 Reg! William Henshaw, D. Col. Com 1 ." 
 
 In November he was offered the command of a new regiment. 
 This was declined, as he chose to remain in his present position, with 
 officers and men whose courage, constancy, and firmness in action had 
 been tested and found reliable. In his own language he states, — 
 
 “ In November the Gen 1 Court’s Committe offered me the command 
 of a Reg? during the War : but considering the losses I had sustained, 
 the number of Regiments to be disbanded, and that many worthy Offi- 
 cers must return home, and having a family of young children, I 
 esteemed it my duty to decline accepting. In Nov r General Wash- 
 ington went with one division of the Army into the Jerseys, and wrote 
 to Gen! Lee to join him with the other. . . . We marched under the 
 command of Gen 1 Lee, till he was taken by the enemy, then under 
 Gen! Sullivan, till we joined Gen! Washington at Bristol, who informed 
 us that he could not keep the Field, but must abandon it, if the Regi- 
 ments whose term of service was nearly expired, did not continue with 
 him till he should be reinforced. We agreed to stay.” 
 
 After a conference of officers, when they agreed to remain, Col. Ilen- 
 shaw exerted himself at Crosswicks, to induce the men to remain beyond 
 the time of enlistment by appeals to their patriotism aud sense of right ; 
 by representing the baseness of deserting their devoted leader in such 
 a crisis, and their country, whose service should claim their first atten- 
 tion ; adding “At present, this is our business , let us not forsake it. 
 It is you and I, brave boys, who are banded together in one common 
 cause. We scorn the thought of flying from it.” In common with all 
 engaged in that memorable winter’s campaign, he endured hardships ; 
 
 21 
 
160 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 the severities of the season he mentions as being very great. In their 
 continuous marches through rains and excessive cold, he animated and 
 encouraged the men by words of approbation, and the assurance that 
 as officers and men shared alike in uncertainties, sufferings, and dan- 
 gers, so all would share in the honor and reward of faithful service, 
 and that they might indulge in a reasonable expectation of success 
 and victory. In some short respite or halt at the last of the month, 
 he added something that might serve to enliven the physical energies 
 greatly reduced by stress of weather and warfare, — a bottle of choice 
 wine, with an improvised song or mirthful parody, or whatever could 
 be obtained, and could be called “ good cheer.” 
 
 And when, by the penetration and skill of their illustrious com- 
 mander, a victory was accomplished, they did indeed share in the glory 
 of that event, — an achievement that might well excite universal 
 admiration, and furnish an inspiring theme for the pen of many a 
 classic and historic writer. 
 
 Rejoicings and mutual congratulations among brother officers fol- 
 lowed, as they found opportunity for social enjoyment and converse at 
 Princeton. Toils, dangers, and sufferings were forgotten in the 
 triumph of success. On this occasion, as at the time of holding the 
 conference, the names of those forming a “ Mess,” are recorded as 
 “ Colonels Hitchcock, Nixon, Henshaw, Crary — Majors White, Col- 
 man — Captains Cole, Gerrish, Flagg, Hey wood,” with three “ Doc- 
 tors,” and an Ensign. 
 
 After accompanying their victorious chief to Morristown, Col. Hen- 
 shaw proceeds: “From thence, the Brigade we belonged to, was 
 ordered to Chatham, where we remained till Reinforcements arrived, 
 in the following February, when we obtained discharges, and I re- 
 turned home.” 
 
 While at Chatham, he was busied in promoting the interests of the 
 army, and in attentions to the wants of the regiment. A visit from a 
 nephew, Benjamin Henshaw, Jr., belonging to Connecticut troops, was 
 a source of much enjoyment, so long separated from all relatives. 
 
 He reached home, after fifteen days’ travel, on the 15th Febru- 
 ary, where he received the cordial welcome and greetings of friends 
 and neighbors, and letters of congratulation from those at a distance. 
 The same sister who gave him her parting blessing, in writing, lived 
 at a remote part of the town, and, in the gladness of her heart at his 
 safe return, sent these lines in token of her thankfulness until she 
 could see him in person : — 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 _ 161 
 
 Leicester, February ye 15'? 1777. 
 
 “ Dear Brother, — - Having but just heard of your return, I could 
 not forbear writing a line to you. I heartily congratulate you thereon. 
 Your safe return, is a favour granted almost beyond what I expected, 
 and therefore affects my mind the more ; although it is what I have 
 earnestly asked for you, yet sometimes my doubting heart would tell 
 me I should not be heard. O, may your heart with mine, and the rest 
 of our dear friends, be suitably affected with a sense of God’s goodness 
 to you. And now that you have gone through the many hardships, 
 difficulties and dangers of a long Campaign, I hope you will enjoy 
 that Peace, Comfort, and Satisfaction with your family and friends, 
 which will in some measure compensate you for the trials you have 
 had to encounter. I must close, it being late at night. I remain 
 “ Your very affectionate Sister 
 
 ‘‘ Elizabeth Denny. 
 
 “ I wish very much to see you, but my health will not permit my 
 going so far. I shall send you a little Cheese by the first opportu- 
 nity, as a small token of my love to you ; doubtless you will have a 
 number of friends to welcome your return, and this may be handy, 
 and I know it is very scarce. My love to your wife — tell her I wish 
 her Joy.” 
 
 After this experience in military conflict with Britons and Hes- 
 sians, and practice of the “ Discipline ” learned at Fort Edward, it 
 was a grateful change to return to the more congenial pursuits of the 
 civilian and of domestic life. 
 
 Letters from the nephew before mentioned, Benjamin Henshaw, Jr., 
 gave information of raids and foraging parties from the enemy in the 
 vicinity of Morristown and Chatham. Postal arrangements were 
 so increased as to furnish information directly, and from more 
 points than the previous year, facilitating correspondence, and lessen- 
 ing journeys “ to forward the information.” As has been stated, the 
 labors of Col. Henshaw did not cease with a withdrawal from the 
 army. He immediately entered upon a series of public service for 
 preserving order and good government at home as well as for pro- 
 moting the operations of the field. In June he was appointed to investi- 
 gate cases of supposed hostility to government and to procure evidence 
 of the same, reporting such names to the “general sessions of the 
 Peace.” This, however, was a work of but short duration, in such a 
 community. 
 
162 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 He was tin's year again chosen one of the Committee of Safety and 
 Correspondence. The duties of this office were various and constant, 
 requiring vigilance and activity in cooperations with the military 
 department. 
 
 In the general rejoicing at the surrender of Burgoyne and his army, 
 Leicester people had no inconsiderable a part, for they had furnished 
 brave men that year for the northern army ; and many a household 
 had spared the husband, son, or brother who had aided in the capture 
 of these troops, marching into their lines to the lively air of “Yankee 
 Doodle.” 
 
 In October Col. Henshaw, as one of the committee acting for the 
 inhabitants, received a notification from Springfield, signed by “ Jn°. 
 Gooch, A. D. Q. M. Gl,” that the Hessian prisoners would, on the 
 following week, pass through Leicester en route for their destination, 
 Cambridge. It specified that they be provided with quarters, houses 
 or buildings, and the necessary amount of wood, and hay for their cat- 
 tle. The writer added : “ Great care is to be taken that the strictest 
 attention be paid to the Convention signed by General Gates, there- 
 fore it behooves you to make the best provision possible. . . . Human- 
 ity, I make no doubt.will influence you so far as to stimulate you to 
 the utmost Exertions for their Accommodations. The bearer of this 
 will advise with you, & you will please to give him all the assistance 
 in your power.” 
 
 The several encounters with Hessians, the wonderful escape from 
 the enemy at Flatbush, their barbarous treatment of prisoners, and 
 the bayonet thrusts at Trenton and Princeton, were fresh in mind ; 
 but no spirit of vindictiveness or hatred mingled in the humanity 
 habitually exercised by Col. Henshaw toward the enemy. It was, 
 however, with satisfaction that he and his neighbors could look upon 
 these mercenary beings, no longer able to practise their cruelties, and 
 upon their commander, who had so complacently looked upon the 
 destruction of Charlestown and the sacrifice on Bunker’s Hill, where 
 loved ones had suffered and died, — as a surrendered body, made inca- 
 pable of further cruelties. 
 
 With Col. Seth Washburn, Col. Henshaw was a delegate to the 
 Convention for framing a State Constitution. It is said, by one able 
 to judge, that “among the congregated talent and wisdom of the State, 
 these delegates held an honorable position, and took an important part 
 in its proceedings, especially as members of its committees.” 
 
 Here he mingled in consultation and council with several kindred 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 163 
 
 of more or less relationship, — Increase Sumner, Samuel Ilenshaw, a 
 member from Milton, still eager to advance the public good, after- 
 wards appointed to the office of Collector at Boston ; he subsequently 
 removed to Northampton, where he was Judge of the Court of Com- 
 mon Pleas. Col. Ilenshaw ever retained him in memory as an esteemed 
 friend and relative. In his later life, when his sons could appreciate 
 the blessings of a good government, and enjoy his recital of past events, 
 he related, among the occurrences of this occasion, a brief interview 
 and conversation with another friend, John Adams, who had so large 
 a share in the formation of the Constitution, in which they hastily 
 glanced at the important changes that had already come over the 
 country since their manhood (being of the same age), and at the 
 brightening prospects opening before them. This was one of the happy 
 events within his experience, which, from the object had in view, 
 afforded pleasure at the time ; and which, in the enjoyment of blessings 
 flowing from that Constitution, afforded pleasure in the retrospect. 
 
 Mr. Ilenshaw received from Gov. Hancock a justice’s commission, 
 and one from every succeeding governor, the last being from his es- 
 teemed friend, Gov. Brooks. After the establishment of the National 
 Constitution, he received several appointments, unsolicited by himself, 
 but as marks of favor from personal friends. 
 
 He was appointed “ Principal Assessor” for a given portion of the 
 State; “Surveyor of the Revenue for a direct tax”; afterwards' an 
 “ Enumerator of the inhabitants of the U. S.,” three towns being 
 allotted to him; and a collector of gold and silver tax. 
 
 As justice of the peace, and afterwards of the quorum, he had con- 
 stant employ for nearly all his remaining life, and numerous private 
 trusts and responsibilities devolved upon him. The liberties and laws 
 of the land were ever dear to him ; he could not relax his vigilance 
 and exertions to maintain them ; to promote the highest interests of 
 his country was still held by him as a sacred obligation. In the insur- 
 rection of 1787 he lent his best influence and aid to meet and suppress 
 it. He closely watched every movement in the political world, his 
 anxiety sometimes impelling him to point out, by the pen, what he 
 deemed errors, or measures unfavorable to republican principles. 
 
 He took a deep interest in the advancement of science, and the pro- 
 gress of mind in its various departments. In his own town he was 
 among the first to form a public library, — or “ Social Library,” — and 
 to encourage and aid a “ Literary Association ” of the younger ladies 
 of the place. 
 
164 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF 
 
 With an intelligent sympathy in the progress of opinion and the 
 extension of knowledge, he replenished his own library, which, from 
 its comparative size and miscellaneous character, had been a conven- 
 ience to his townsmen, liberally patronizing the printing press he 
 had been interested in establishing at Worcester. After Isaiah Thomas 
 had issued his first editions of the Bible, one in “ royal quarto,” and 
 another in folio, with fifty copper-plate engravings, to encourage the 
 sale, he procured cojries of the former, and, at great cost, a copy of 
 the latter as a gift to his parish. Selecting a time when he would be 
 unobserved, he placed it upon the minister’s desk, having inscribed 
 upon a leaf, 
 
 “Foil the Congregational Society in Leicester. 
 
 This Bible is presented by one of its Friends. 
 
 April, A. D. 1800.” 
 
 This was the first Bible in use ; its first reading being by the pastor, 
 Rev. Mr. Moore, on the 4th May, 1800. 
 
 If the public benefactions of Mr. Henshaw were few, it was because 
 his pecuniary ability did not correspond with his wishes. His private 
 charities and deeds of benevolence were in exercise to an extent un- 
 known beyond the family circle. Friendship and remote relationship 
 were made available for successful appeals to his generosity and affec- 
 tion. 
 
 When business pursuits were resumed, after the long and exhausting 
 conflict, and employments under the new offices entered upon, some 
 relief was afforded to his straitened circumstances, — a condition con- 
 sequent upon the long-interrupted, sometimes quite neglected, inter- 
 ests of his moderate estate, increased by losses sustained at various 
 times while in public service. An opportune legacy afforded greater 
 relief. 
 
 His genial spirit, social and sympathizing nature, made him an ever- 
 welcome guest with friends, and his own hospitable house an attractive 
 place of resort, where, a favorite with young relatives, he could join 
 their circle in converse, diversions, and especially in music and song, 
 with the keen enjoyment of youth, while his presence lent a charm to 
 their own entertainment. In the relation of thrilling scenes witnessed 
 by himself, or events in which he had participated, he never mentioned 
 those in which he had been conspicuous or borne a prominent part ; 
 and if urged to explain how he had overcome obstacles, or escaped 
 from great danger, on occasions when it was well known that deliver- 
 ance was due to his judgment and skill, he would describe the mode of 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 165 
 
 escape, invariably ascribing his preservation to a “ kind and over-ruling 
 Providence ” guiding and controlling all his movements. In this way 
 he diverted their attention from himself. 
 
 He was wont to entertain his younger children with accounts of the 
 young, heroic French nobleman, La Fayette; and as he dwelt with 
 fond admiration upon the virtues, generosity, toils, and sacrifices of this 
 illustrious personage, his own kindling eye and glowing countenance 
 told the enthusiasm of his being, and the grateful appreciation that 
 must find some expression. The return of our national jubilee, or the 
 mention of “liberty” and “independence,” seemed to awaken memo- 
 ries of a past century, and of the long and mighty struggle to secure 
 that independence, when he seemed aglow with the same patriotic 
 fervor that had inspired his spirit to deeds of heroism. These occa- 
 sions, and his notice of those distinguished for their exertions and 
 achievements in military or civil life, in a manner calculated to excite 
 their highest gratitude, together with his own impressive appearance, 
 never faded from the memory of his children, or ceased to call up such 
 emotions as are caused by no ordinary scene. 
 
 An interest in ancestry and fondness for tracing relationship led him 
 when quite advanced in years to visit the homes of his American an- 
 cestors, — Dorchester, Milton, Braintree, Quincy, — where, by exam- 
 ining ancient records and monumental inscriptions, and conversing 
 with aged inhabitants, he collected information, and added to his stores 
 of family history. 
 
 He was a worthy descendant of worthy ancestors, and proved him- 
 self a living exemplification of their ancient family motto. 
 
 With an unabated desire for reading, and love of the beauties of 
 nature, in the closing years of life, he daily found fresh delight in his 
 books and the magazine-reading of the day, and in the picturesque 
 scenery around him, — the long-familiar views that had delighted his 
 boyhood’s fancy and manhood’s cultivated taste. 
 
 A deep reverence for God and an abiding trust in Infinite wisdom 
 and love were distinctive traits of his whole life. He daily assembled 
 his household for the reading of God’s word and prayer. In solemn 
 consecration, he devoted his children and all his posterity to their 
 Heavenly Father and his service. That this was a transaction of mo- 
 ment with him, and an offering made in the seasons of his retirement, 
 appears in his private papers. Mrs. Henshaw, after a lingering sick- 
 ness of pulmonary affections, died eleven years before her husband’s 
 decease, at the age of fifty-five. During a happy union of thirty-seven 
 
166 
 
 REMINISCENCES OP 
 
 years, she had been his aid and encouragement by her ready sympathy 
 and open-handed liberality. She was a person of great amiability and 
 kindness of disposition. It is recorded of her that “ she walked before 
 ‘ her household blameless,’ quietly submitting to the trials and crosses 
 of life, not fainting by the way, but doing with singleness of heart the 
 work allotted her on earth.” 
 
 A few years before bis death, Col. Heoshaw suffered a slight and 
 temporary paralysis, which, however, did not impair his mental 
 powers. The watchful care and attentions of affectionate and devoted 
 children were given to him in his declining years, and last sickness of 
 several months, in which he endured sufferings with his uniform serenity 
 and patience. 
 
 Just after saying, “In Christ is all my dependence,” he peacefully 
 departed, leaving, as was said of his mother, a perpetual fragrance on 
 his name and memory. 
 
 Among the notices of his death was an appropriate tribute by his 
 esteemed friend Gov. Brooks. 
 
 The “ Boston Palladium ” contained an obituary written by a young 
 friend who, as a guest, had known him in his home. 
 
 The following passages are taken from it : — 
 
 “ The grave lias closed over the remains of Col. William Ilenshaw. 
 Pew have lived so little known to the world, and few so deserving of 
 its praise, as Col. II. His character was of that unassuming cast 
 which shrinks from observation, and is better pleased with the conscious- 
 ness, than with the appearance of doing right. . . . Col. II. was equally 
 an object of admiration in his military and in his private life. He 
 served in the French War and as Colonel in the struggle of our Revo- 
 lution. He was always distinguished for his clearness in council, and 
 his coolness and intrepidity in action, and we find honourable mention 
 made of him in several histories of those times. . . . Frankness of dis- 
 position and great fondness for friends were leading traits in his 
 character ; and it was pleasant to hear him recounting the incidents of 
 a long life with an accuracy and cheerfulness showing the mind to be 
 still vigorous. . . . He possessed that dignity of character which always 
 commands respect. 
 
 “It is consoling to friends to reflect that few have left behind them 
 a brighter example or a more spotless name ; and that, though the 
 tomb has closed over his earthly remains, his virtues live after him, 
 hallowing his character and embalming his memory.” 
 
 In person, Col. Ilenshaw is said to have been of medium height, 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM HENSHAW. 
 
 167 
 
 compact without corpulency ; his hair light, with clear, florid com- 
 plexion and dark-bine eyes. 
 
 He left a mass of papers and writings, many of them scattered im- 
 mediately after his decease, which, with official documents previously 
 loaned by himself and never recovered, would have exhibited more 
 fully and in a clearer light some periods and associations of his life. 
 His own part in the correspondence with friends, had they been pre- 
 served or obtainable, would have better represented him than any 
 words employed by another. The familiar family letters introduced, 
 give pictures of domestic life, and show the tender regard of a son, 
 brother, husband, and parent. 
 
 These papers, descriptive of the associates and associations of Col. 
 Henshaw, and considered by the writer of his memoir worthy of notice, 
 with such material as could be gleaned from other sources, sometimes 
 the minute events or homely accounts of personal experience and daily 
 life, are presented in this connection in response to the wishes of friends 
 — and for the gratification of the few descendants and relatives still 
 living, who remember their ancestor with affectionate admiration ; and 
 of those who, not having seen him, would know more connected with 
 his personal history. They may serve to show that his limited oppor- 
 tunity for education was supplemented by native ability of mind, — a 
 lack of wealth, with its influential and needful agencies, by a wealth of 
 soul that could abide the test in times when the souls of men were 
 severely tried. They cannot fail to call for a grateful recognition, on 
 the part of the compiler, of his private virtues and fidelity to public 
 duty. And, however imperfectly performed, this compilation is but the 
 discharge of filial obligation and of a sacred trust.