Duke University Libraries Message of the Conf Pam #446 h RCHIVES. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES^ "Feb. 17, ISGo— Laid on table and ordered to be printed; ■ , ^ AK ' \ [By the Chaik.] ^**T-~--- MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. Richmond, Va., Feb. 15, iSG-5. 2o the House of Representatives : In response to your resolution of *24th December last. I herewith transmit a comminiication from the Secretary of War ; which conveys the information re(piested, relative to the number of iron furnaces and forges worked by ngents of the government or by contractors, during the year 1 s()4, and to the cost per ton of the several kinds of iron furnished by them. JEFFERSON DAVIS. COMMUNICATION FROM SECRETARY OF WAR. War Depahtment, C. S. A. Richmond, Feb. 14, 1SG5. To the President of the Confederate States: Sir: I have received the following resolution of the House of Representatives, referred by your Excellency to this Department: "Resolved, That the President be respectfully requested to inform this House — 1st. As to the number of iron furnaces and forges worked, in the year 1SG4, by officers and agents of the government and on govern- ment account. 2d. As to the cost per ton of pig, bloom and bar iron, resj^ec- tively, at such furnaces and forges. 3d. As to the nundier of iron furnaces and forges worked" in the same time by the proprietors^ under contract with the government, and the different kinds of contract so made. 4th. As to the cost per ton of pig, bloom and bar iron delivered to the government under such contracts." In response. I have the honor to transmit herewith, a report from the Chief of the Nitre and Mining Bureau, containing the informa- tion called for by the House. Very respectfully. Your obedient servant, JOHN C. BRECKINRIDGE, Secretary of War. I t^eport of chief of nitre and mining bureau. Coxfedp:r.\te States of America, War Department, Nitre and Mining Bureau, Richmond, Va., Jan. 31, 1SG5. Hon. James A. Seddon, SecreUmj of War: Sir: 111 rt'ply to the enclosed resolution of enquiry, I have the honor to state — 1st. Seven (7) iron furnaces and one (]) forge were worked, in the year IS64, hy ofhccrs and jigtMits of the government and on govern- ment account, under t!u' direction of tliis Bureau, viz: three (3) fur- naces in Virginia, two {2) furnaces in Alabama, with one rolling mill, and the usual complenieiit of [tuddliiig and lieating fires : and in the Trans-Mississip[)i, two (^2) i'urnaces and two (2) forges. '2(1. The "cost per ton oi pig, bloom and bar iron, respectively, at such furnaces and forges," is given, as closely as can now be ascer- tained, in the enclosed tabulated statement A, in Virginia, with pre- cision ; from Alabama, by telegraph, and probably ap[)roximately ; from the Trans-Mississippi, a> -^ t-^ o •j: ^ "^ fs o 'H- iCi "= _; - r *^ •■^ 3 ,^ ~ — tr' 'Zl >.;'- N X _£ ,^ ~ ^ J "~ = = ■/: -|- 5 5 ^ 'S •■^ i •^ ■— ' ^ "X m •^ ™ ,^ " ^ .til "" • ^ ~ i; ^ "*" "^ .— z^ s bl ^ ■| ^ > - 5- C "S ~'~ £ - -O i-i! K *g 'x ^ >^ •— ^ 3 o v< *^' ? tt ^ ^ ; •" 1 CO .f,r !b^ ^ 5 ^ IS ■H c ^ ■="1 'x i li tc X »! ^ 1 H S te p ^ ^ 5 "s ' _^ t^ -f i 1 K 5-^ ^•£ c £ : ^ >. Z 3 1 aj ^ 1 3> ^ £ ■3 - ^ - s s ja _= £ 1 "= ~ ^ 1> c -u 5 * X m '^ y 5 i 1 -; 1^ >,1-f H 1 /• 7 '2 1 c ./■ ^^ K 2 "r ^ -e -; ' S' C = t: - r ;- -- 5 |-|? > = 1 = 7- c 2 , ti *P r Ji ~ T.E"^ b 5 ■-.s 1 ?• r- ^ ;— v. "-ZZ Z ^ — _ ^ •X -^ c ~ 3j ^ _ ! F ?: < — r.)^. ■^ s _ ^ - - d .CiJa I.).t d |o o -' ^ — ~l^ c noiiK^oij' l^l> (>ii« o TC 5> « 1 1 , ^ HUHJJ JO .^Al> a[..jca T» r» rr — 00 a -j*^ — "» "*^ ~ ■■s XiJ^d ^J X — ao -oitX }>j uoiiKjoi.i'ti-ip tc ■5 :r 1 1 1 1 pae [Kja^i Sui [tnionj €& *-" •1 a __^ ,^ o ,^ _^ •^ •JJIU • uS^K o o i."^ i.^ 1 1 jZ •rr '^ ^ cc c^ § 0^ ! 1 u = S 5 l^ u C, laqsnq i^d 'U-K>0 I-: t-T o cc ro 1 1 ^ « o a _ & ^r- ^ — '_J^ '-- •qi jail 'JBJK -; M ~, „ „ ' ' > < ^ 1 5 ^ .z:: ^ c^ ^ i < be ^ ^ 3 K ^ 1 h- ■" ^ ^^ ^ "^ ir. ^ «?; . d , , , , = , , CB < ;^ ■4. _2 "5 .o O 'a X C 7. ^ ?: ^ SP pq t. ^ >^ c J '5 J2 1 1 -c 58 £ p £ ^dl . o -^ .^ -" pi 'O "^ o fcfi " a S * -J -o n ^ ,a -^ £ =) 7J ^ £^ >-. 5^ < t o o Cod© X rrj re m S ^ V i = o =- c s C in o c •— ci a >.<" a a; '"' >, ?3 ~ 'O rO A >^p3 >^o 5 re ''■ O'ra ^0(5 SDjJ ?=* = £= § S-i^ t*» >^, . E o c 6 d O O 6 6 3 M 5o i5 SO Q Q s ' ' ' . 1 , ' ' 1 I 1 1 1 I > ■ < 'S ^ ^ ^ « - _ , V. » . ■fcl)" " "* " - " ■* "^ "* "^ Jo t> ' ■ • ■ ce" . , . • ' ' ' ' ■ >* _s 6 H 3 X fee x; of t^ O *J ■^ ^i'li O u 03 ^ - - o a % Cj -*J - :: i; ~ a -^ P >»" t^ >i CS^ o c S r 5 (^ o2 >2, A o 2 c* CO - o =e "^ o ^1 ' ~ ^ - - - ' 3 :: s - : i - :: -- H fe O o a ^2 >^ oi a < 11 5 ■£ c ^ ■73 l2 s^ "Sj ? -S .2 .5 c -- a - W ^ 3 S '^ .2 a p 3 . g Is s S^ a 3 o 5 ti — ~ £ 5 a . ■ . . . ■ , . . " ~ ■ ;A ' p C3 P< 3 o O , J 1 1 1 1 , J , bo a Q ,o3 t+-; (li S b a <; . 's . . . , m K 6 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' * 1 I«r1 O O O O '■a a CO II 6 O 5 to . 1 _• -^d oj '£ ^- o *-a J5 ■ ^ 11 = fccbx.5 -u-s ^ C E 3 03 =;j^^ ^-^-fl-i C '- -:^ - - ^;^C:cc^' 03 ■ • ' ■ ~ 1-1 * 3 3 3 • o O o " 3- ^, • •A < ^ 1 _^ . . . , , , . . . 'o _^ ^ X S E _- 5 r" r -1 Q fe" ' m'^ •1 '" = 1 1^ 03 1 OxO .-3 t^ >-* ^■^y/£ ^ H ►^ « !z; 7t — r- , ^ — ->> — 2 r^ ^5 — t^ — I 1 I 1 1 1 I ■ . 1 ■ I 1 1 I , J >i ^ a X tn a '> Ci, ^ « t: . E o o ^ ^ , ..'-■'* is ^ ^ _;- O 5 " - "n :^' " ^ -S « ^ ■c !5 5 o g >-' ~ _ ® r,r O «r^l2 H -^^ ^ ^ ^- ^•2 O CO' ' g 3 u o - t> -§ a ^ 5 '^ o ^ 5 U. 1 i it C C o ^ r = Ic'c" I'll o J ^ OS-xx> Si2 COM « IJ X te 2S K ^ d >i a t 1 ^ c O i^ _4 o a .2S o O e 0. dent, . &. Co Jo. - Jl |-5 ^ e S. 6 o a • '^a 1 ^ .Si^ ^ «" u = - O c i^=t s ^ «aa ^ - 5 1 3 J t-'fj ; ?> -= a 'H ■| .fS) P '-sOccl> . » - be B — Continued. Names of Proprietors of Forges operated in 1864. CONTRACTORS. NAME OF WORKS. NO. COUNTY. STATE. Jame.? & Scott, Fox Cre(>k I'orge, Grayson, Virginia. Wilburii Billing\s, New River " >i Lee N. Painter, Pierce's " Wythe, Fredeking & Isom, Peach Bottom Forge, Grayson, Goorjre V. Barton, Barton's " Smyth, Park & .Tout's, Staly Creek " '■ James, Scott «fc Co. Quebec *' William A. Williams, Liberty " Lockeit & Co. Cripple Creek Wythe, G. W. Heuderlite, Stony Cre>-k '' Smyth. T. Wilkinson, Wilkinson's " Carroll, T. Galyear, Collins " Grayson, Ferrer & Crosby, jMiissy Creek " Augusta, Bra.lv & Rex, Burtalo " - TJnelcbridge, D. »fe H. Forrer, Slienaudoah " Page, H. H. Proi)e.s, Catherine " " Lewi.s, Craul'ord & Co. Mount Vernou " i Augusta, Piigh & Jones, Fox Creek " Grayson, William Edwards, New River " " James Gal^'i ar. Peach Bottom " Painter »fc Early, Chadwell " Wythe, Joseph Liniebeny, Liraeberry " CaVroU, John Bryant, Do. " - " A. Shape, Old Liberty Smyth, John C. Collins, Collins " Total, 25 Grayson, William Williams, - Catawba, N. Carolina. Froneber^er & Co. ' Cloaveland, - Sheek, Gibiaui & Co. - Surry, " R. A. Smith, - Catawba, " Garrett Brothers, - Gaston, " John W. Quiun, - Cleaveland, - " D. Falls, - " " W. J. Staton, - Ijincoln, " Smith & Paine, - Catawba, " J. Black, - Cleaveland, - " Flippen & Dodson, - Surry, " Job Worth, - " " Stephen Hob.sou, - - *' Worth & Hiatt, - Surry, ** Henry Suow, - Yadkin, " C. C. Holyfield, - Surry, " Pass & Horton, - Yadkin, " Myers & Brother, - " " Robertson &. Dickson, - " " M. Hiatt, - Surry, " Thomas Lonp^, - Yadkin, " Long &■ Williams, - " " S. H. Thompson, Little Kiver Forge, - Alleghany, - " Warden, Billings & Edwards, Elk Creek " " Cox &. Bryant, Do. Total, •■ib W. L. Ward & Co. _ 1 Bibb. Alabama. A. F. McGee, Total, 1 2 Jefierson, The capacity of" the above works is very limited. [C] Contract for Pig Iron, with W. L. Sanders. This contract, made this 23cl day of jVFarch A. D. 1863, between W. L. Sanders of the first part, and the Confederate States of Ame- rica, throiiiih I. ISl. St. John, Lieutenant Colonel and Chief of the Nitre and Mining Bureau, of the second part, witnesseth, that in consideration of the conditions herein after named, the party of the first part covenants and agrees to manufafture and deliver on the cars of the Alabama and I'ennessee river rail road, at Montevallo, 4,000 tons pig iron per annum, of whirh not more than 15 per cent, shall bt; in No. 3 hot or cold blast iron ; not more than 3-5 per cent, in No. 2 hot or cold blast iron ; and the balance to be in No. 1 hot or cold blast iron. The delivery to commence within 10 days after this contract' shall have been duly executed, and to be made in nearly efpial quai'terly installments : the delivery in no one month, however, to fall below 1-50 tons. As there is a haul of 18 miles from the works of the party of the first part to the point of delivery, and the roads are liable to be so much broken up by bad weather, so that the party of the first part may not be able to deliver the full amoimtof 1,000 tons per quarter, it is agieed that any excess of iron delivered in any other quarter shall be credite*! to the quarter in which he may be deficient: Pro- vided, That in no event he shall fall below the amount stipulated to be delivered per annum. The iron thus delivered is to be subject to inspection by an officer of the Nitre and ^Mining Bureau, or an authorized agent thereof, and to be by him weighed and classified as to the quality and grade ; according to which payments are to be made. All pig metal shall bear ihe initials, and the name of the furnace marked upon the pig. In consideration wlu'reof, the paily of the second part agrees to pay to the party of the first pait, his agents or a.^signs, after inspec- tion. ])ro()f and approval of said iron, the following prices, subject to modification and reduction, as herein after provided, to wit: For No. 1 charcoal cold bliist pig iron, per ton of :;i,240 lbs. - $75 00 " " 2 '• " " •' ", - ()7 50 " " :i *• " " " " - 02 50 " " 1 hot " " '• " - G.-) 00 " " 2 " " " " " - .')5 00 " " :5 " " " " " - {JO 00 All payments for iron delivered shall be made once in each month. The parties hereto mutually reserve the right, during the existing war with the Unitt.'d States, to modify these prices so as to preserve the same relation between the price of" the iron and the cost of the articK'S necessary to its [iroduction, as is established in the above re- cited scale ; and in orart willfully re- fuse to make the deliveries to the party of the second part, as stated, or deliver iron to other parties (except by order of a duly authorize d agent), or nuike other disposition of it than provided for in this con- tract with the Confederate States, or for any other purpose than exe- cuting this contract, as above stated, or shall fail to refund the said advances according to the terms and stipulations of this contract, the party of the second part shall have the right to enter into and take possession of the said iron works of the party of the first part, including all the lands, houses, furnaces, tenements, wagons, teams, toWs, ttc, and other things thereto belonging, to enable the party of the second part to work the said iron works on their own account, during the existence of this contract : but the exercise of this right by tlie said Confederate States of America shall not be held or regarded to be a release or extinguishment of the claim of said Con- federate States of America for any balance which may be then due by the party of the first part, on account of advances heretofore reserved by them ; but the said party of the first part shall be en- titled to a credit from said Confederate States of America, during their possession of said property, taken and used as aforesaid, of the annual value of their property; said value to be assessed each year by a board of arbitrators, one of whom shall be selected by each party, and these two to select a third: Provided, however. That should it happen at any time that cars cannot be procured, by reasonable dili- gence on the part of the party of the first part, for the purpose of delivery, then and in that event, the failtu'e to deliver on the cars shall not be considered a forfeiture of this contract; but the party of the first part is authorized, in the event cars cannot be procured by rea- 10 sonable diligence, or in the event they are not furnished by the rail road, or by the party of the second part, to store or deposit the iron at or near the point of delivery: Provided, That a seizure of the works of the party of the first part shall .be made only after a full investigation of the alleged defalcation of the party of the first part, by an agent duly appointed by the party of the second part, and after a hearing of the delience of the party of the first part. The party of the second part reserves the right to decide all ques- tions arising under this contract, and to judge of the execution thereof, and also the right to declare the same forfeit, should there be no delivery of iron within ten days from the date hereof; or if at any time hereafter the party of the first part shall fail or refuse to comply with the covenants and agreements herein made. All payments on account of this contract will be made, when the iron is received and accepted, in treasury notes. Executed in duplicate, the day and year first above written, by the signature and seal of the said W. L. Sanders, and ibr and in behalf of the said Confederate States of America, by the signature and seal of I. M. St. John, Lieutenant Colonel and Chief of the Nitre and Mining Bureau aforesaid. Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of y. B. Waddell, ) ^^ ^^ ^^^ ^ SANDERS. [Seal.] J. F. Sellers, > ■- j H. F. Reakdon, as to I. M. ST. JOHN, [Seal.] Lt. Col. Sf rk'f Bur. Whereas W. L. Sanders did, on the 23d day of March 1863, enter into a contract with the Confederate States of America, through Col. I. M. St. John, for the manufacture of pig iron: Now, in accordance with said contract, we do hereby appoint«A. C. Wurzbach to act for the Confederate States, and D. H. Kenney to act for W. L. Sanders, to assess the prices of pig iron from the 1st of July 1863 ; which prices are to be fixed until another board of com- missioners shall be appointed. Should these two above named cora- missioners disagree, they shall select an umpire. (Signed) I. M. ST. JOHN, Lf. Col. if Ch'fBur. (Signed) WM. L. SANDERS. 11 Selma, July 1st, 1863. We, the board of commissioners appointed for the purpose of re- viewing the prices of pig iron, and assessingthem anew to correspond with the prices of provisions and labor, do, in accordance witii the above instructions, assess, for and in the case of Wm. L. Sanders, that he receive for all pig iron to be manufactured and delivered after the 1st of July 1863, S 100 for No. I C. B. pig iron; $90 for C. B. pig iron No. 2 ; and S75 for C. B. pig iron No. 3. Respectfully submitted. (Sinned) A. C. WURZBACH, (Signed) D. H. KENNEY, Board of Commissioners. A similar assessment for 1S64 fixes the prices as follow: For No. 1 pig iron, cold blast, - - - $160 per ton. 2 " " _ - - 144 " 3 " " - - - 118 " [D.] Contract for Iron. This contract, made this first day of May in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, between A. Thomas, of the county of Smyth, State of Virginia, of the first part, and the Con- federate States of America, through I. M. St. John, Colonel and Chief of the Nitre and Mining Bureau, of the second part, witnesseth, that in consideration of the conditions herein after named, the party of the first part covenants and agrees to manufacture, at the Marion Mag- netic furnace, and deliver to the party of the second part, at Marion depot, on the Virginia and Tennessee rail road, free of cost to the government, one thousand tons of charcoal cold blast pig iron per year, for three years next ensuing. The delivery to commence within twenty (20) days after this contract shall have been duly executed, and to be made in nearly e(|ual quarterly installments — the delivery in no one month, however, to fall below sixty tons. The iron thus delivered is to be subject to inspection by an officer of the Nitre and Mining Bureau, or an authorized agent thereof, and to be by him weighed and classified as to the quality and grade, according to which payments are to be made. All " pig metal" shall bear the initials of the proprietor, and the name of the furnace stamped upon the pig. In consideration whereof, the party of the second part agrees to pay to the party of the first part, his agents or assigns, after inspec- 12 tion, proof and approval of said iron, the following prices, subject to ■ modification and reduction, as herein after provided, to wit: No. 1 charcoal cold blast pig iron per ton (2,240 lbs.), $100 2 " " " " 95 3 " " " " 90 The parties hereto mutually reserve the right, during the existing war with the United States, to modify these prices, so as to preserve the same relation between the price of the iron and the cost of arti- cles necessary for its production as is established in the above recited scale; and in order to make such modification with justice to both parties, it is agreed that during the war, when either party shall so desire, a board of assessment shall be convened to review the above scale of prices: Provided, however. That no such board shall, with- out mutual consent, be convened prior to the month of January 1864, or more frequently thereafter than once in each year. Said board shall be composed of one member chosen by the party of the first part — of a second, chosen by the party of the second part — and in case of disagreement of these two, of a third, to be chosen by them: and in lieu of the prices above enumerated, the prices assessed by the said board for the diflfcront grades of iron shall be paid by the party of the second part, until modified by a subse- quent board, or reduced, as herein after provided, by the establish- ment of peace relations with the United States. Such reduction shall not begin until six montlis aftei- the close of the existing war. The original scale of prices above written, subject to the follow- ing modification, shall then rule and control the compensation of the party of the first part, viz : Eighty per cent, of the above written prices for the ensuing six months; sixty per cent, thereof for the then next ensuing six months: and fifty per cent, theieof until the thirtieth day of April 1866, when the contract shall expire. It is hereby expressly agreed by the parties to this instrument, that a reservation of fifteen per cent, will be made upon all payments during the first year; ten per cent, for the second year, and five per cent, for the third year, to secure the fulfillment of this contract. It is further agreed by the parties to this instrument, that any ex- cess in the quantity of pig iron herein named, which the party of the first part may be able to produce in any year during the continuance of this contract, shall be the property of the government, and will be received and paid for at the prices herein before provided in this contract. To enable the party of the first part to comply with the letter and spirit of this contract, the party of the second part will authoiize transportation over the public rail roads and canals for such provi- sions as he may deem necessary, and use every efibrt in his power to protect them against impressment when they shall have been accu- mulated. And it is also agreed by the party of the second part, that out of the excess in the quantity of pig iron herein contracted for, the party 13 of the first part shall have the privilege of retaining for his own nse two hundred tons per annum. The party of the second part reserves the right to decide questions arising under this contract, and to judge of the execution thereof, and also the right to declare the same forfeit, should there be no delivery of iron within thirty days from the date hereof, or if at any time hereafter the parry of the first part shall fail or refuse to comply with his covenants and agreements herein made. All payments on account of this contract will be made when tlie iron is received and accepted, one-third in bonds of the Confederate States, if desired by the party of the second part, and the residue in treasury notes. Witness our hands and seals this first day of May in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three. Witnesses : Albert G. Simon. ABIJAH THOMAS. [Seal.] James L. Taylor. I. M. ST. JOHN, [Seal.] Col. ^ thy Burciiu. l^Donc in Duptitatc.'] [iJ^^NoTE. — This is the original form of contract for iron, made by the bureau; by which it will be seen the maximum price was SlOU per ton; but by the provisions of the assessuient clause (last two paragraphs on first pnge), the price was at one time increased to S124 per ton ; and subseqiientl}^ by the provisions of the mrne clause, to S350 per ton for one-half their yield, granting them the privilege of selling the other half on their own account. This price i-uled and controlled the compensation of contractors in Virginia until the beginninj; of the present year, when they met at this place, and in lieu of asking a further advance, they concluded to ask only that supplies should be furnished them by the government, or that they should have authority to purchase the surplus of farmers at prices not to exceed fift}^ per cent, advance on thos^ of the govern- ment schedule. The latter proposition was accepted, and the present price is $3-50 per ton for one-half their yield, with this privilege con- cerning supplies. JOHN ELLICOTT, Major. 14 w « ra . a C 1- il .o E * S p. U HI <£ a, 2 'a o 9 u 3 6ft ^^ > cj — ; OS >> s ■^ m s .-a -^^g 5 S « = 1 k a8 13 < ^'o g a _^ a *lZ g'S, — 2 '3 CM p: ■^ a not ye 01th Oa; t state. .0 CD be .2 1 cost .f N tba ^ fe t. o I 3 ils of < those c rder of s u (S k of re tion is abiima. > ,3 £ 2 03 . - a; -^ :-> Q 5 ..< OS a; o ~ _ ^ o o •noj jad aoud ^aBj^noQ uO s g 1 ?i ?c cc ^ O - ^ J o o — ^ •djiq ojSaM g I 1 c ■^ ^ ■^ cc .£ <§& 23 V c o o .3 a =3 O' o snqjad naoojo^soo ■r» 05 o> ■* 1 1 o ^ 01 to Q kO lO © cS o 0» o» 10 h ^ •q( J3d jvaca jo^soo r: CJ (N ^ t 1 < ^ •pBii ,5q u«3 ssjiddns ^ lO 2* 00 1 ^ lO ^ ji'epji jojaiqHiiBAy ""^ !?J ^ •E8 -ISPJO (M 1 1 1 1 1 3^ & a.jpan papandsng O •Kinans O Qi !>. 1 Oi oq; .Cq ps.Coa^saQ CO 'J' •jaqmu^ § lO o» t^ - a 3 ' , 0? .9 0? .5 , . . H OD "c "o aT .. S « s a> 5 O ca" GO 01 '3 ^ ^ CS 'be 0) "So e ■3 as 2 > ^ OQ < H 15 s c c o W t>o OS < Trices assessed by board of assessment provided by the coutract. • Q. a 1 e 6 en . . •uoji pajutumeH " 1 '£ o o» o o 1 -^ in d 'smooia 03 4 « "S r» lO o o o n n r" a o "> o c. o o O ejiq ojSbn; $ 400 00 400 00 500 00 00 00 ■[sqBnq jad njoD }0 jsog $ U 00 9 00 4 00 00 00 •qi Jad }Hani }o jsof) -=> lO o o o s 7) in o o r: c* i-H o o if o pvq jq nva s.uid -dns J! 'i;y^i J«j a[qBi!«AV *;- .T? (N O O fc; japjQ japan papuadst.g ■-0 t>. 1 O O :z -iCuiJua dqi .{q paXuiiu.'({ ■N 1 1 O O ! •jaquiux[ ift ifJ (N O o SQ Virginia, North Carolina, Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee, - pH8J5