DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ^'mmtKirr: fit Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/frontlinemateriaOOpatr THE FRONT LINE Materials for a Study of Leadership in College and After Ben M. Patrick Duke University 1942 Addenda Reference , Page Item 161 (The Blue Stocking Club was a social organization of gradxiate women students, organized in 1932. It was active as late as 1935. ( Chronicle . Oct, 4, 1935.) 144 In 1939 professional educators attempted to organize a state-wide federation of "future teachers" among collegians, and a meeting was held at Duke attended by prominent teachers and college stu- dents from ten institutions in NorthCarolina. A council was named, but it has made little news since that time. (See Durham Morning Herald and other newspapers, May 11, 1939.) Ch^, Under sponsorship of the "Y's" and other "service organizations" an Inter-Campus Relations Committee was formed in 1939 with the III rather nebulous duties of fostering and improving relations between undergraduate schools, bringing the boys and girls to- gether. The Committee has done its work through other groups, BOS, Sandals, student governments, etc., most of whose officers are ex officio members . 12 (9l) A Poetry Club was active for a while during 1938. May have been a revival of the College Poetry Society. 20 VHien engineering students in Southgate Dormitory organized for self- government, engineering students living in town formed a separate 150 club, the Engineers' Town Boys' Club. The group maintained a club room in Southgate beginning about 1937. A year or two later Town Boys in Trinity College organized a similar club, with the hope of getting a club room or some other headquarters on the caiopus. Town Boys in Trinity College have since been organized as freshman and as upperclassmen. 76 "Chip" Lehrbach evidently directed the first student dance orchestra to the the name Blue Devils. This was in 1930. ( Chronicle , Sept. Sept. 16, 1931.) 14 Banks Arendell is mentioned occasionally as "Publicity Agent" before 1920, when Henry Belk was employed for this purpose. 430299 ACKKOWLIDGMENTS Special thanks are due Charles E, Jordan, VT, W. Card, H. E, Spence, J, Poster Barnes, H, J, Herring, A. M, Proctor, Nora Chaff in, J. P. Breedlove, P. S. Aldridge, Ted Mann, and RelDecca Kirkpatrick Sprinkle for reading sections of the manu- script, checking numerous facts, and offering helpful suggestions; to A. A, Wilkinson, for six years of tolerance and silent assist- ance; to Douglas Corriher, Walter Johnson and Beatrice Mellon, for checking innumerable items in student publications; to John Kennedy, Juanita Harvard, and Beatrice Mellon, for relief from much of the drudgery of preparing the final draft, including the typing of i^pendix A. B.M.P. 43C299 Preface Charles S. Jordan likes Coca-Cola. President W, P, Few was not a good dictator, * * * "That boy will "be a "big man some day," otserved W, M. Upchurch, Jr., yoiing Coordinator of Student Activities, as Sophomore Herbert S, Nusbaum left his office after an interesting and intelligent discussion of current motion picture "bookings. "How can you tell?" "Why, everything about him seems to tell you he will be, doesn't it?" "Yes," it was agreed, "but can you put your finger on the specific qualities that will make him a big man some day? How can you tell?" [Three years later Herbert Nusba\im had "summa cum laude" after his name on the commencement program. Six years later he stood well in the law class at Harvard University's commencement. Nine years later he is on his way to becoming a big man in the motion picture industry.] But, "how can you tell?" ^ * * fft [■'J,')^ :.[!'.'} P-t iii "There nnist be a way of telling whether or not a person will attain prominence in his chosen field," mused young psychologist C, Ray Carpenter, looking around for a thesis subject. He pursued the tho\ight to the point of projecting a study of the correlation between leadership on the campus and after college, using case histories of selected BMOCs (big men on the campus); but became interested in monkeys before the study got under way, and chose to study simian rather than collegiate subjects* * 4i * (That is how this volume came to be compiled. These facts make up the background for this volume — which is not a study, but basis for a study. It was in the Summer of 1936. The relief stenographer to the Presi- dent and Assistant Secretary had two or three idle hours every day — while the unrapid dictator of pleasant memory polished off a few paragraphs of a speech or report before dictating, or while the Coca-Cola drinker was at the "dope shop" (or dictating to Secretary Helen McCltire). A few months of work in the University ITews Service had revealed the need for easily available factual data concerning student organizations figuring in the news from time to time. In offices on the second floor of the Admini- stration Building were several shelves of catalogues, bulletins and other pub- lications dealing with Trinity College and Duke University, from the early days. Between dictation and transcription periods these were consulted and some of the data therein set down in classified note form. The first step was to compile lists of officers of student organi- zations, defunct as well as current. This required spare time during the two Summers 1936 and 1937. Beginning with the year 1936-37 student office-holders then in college were approached with requests to assist in writing histories of their organizations. This continued for two years and more, and was alpi- .w Jf-, :^JOtw 0' & ic .p' \bvia * * % tl ^tJi»i cj ■ :ioni V©I ^■. rorsa sio .x;tarr*; ■^ix-'-Lri.' iv productive of only fairly satisfactory restilts. During the Suamer of 1938 con- siderable time was spent in the University Lihrary, among old documents bearing on the institution's history. Mrs. E^becca Kirkpatrick Sprinkle helped to com- plete brief histories of many organizations during that Summer. None of the organizations mentioned herein has been given esiiaustive treatment. Pew deserve it, from the historian's point of view. A very few should receive such thorough attention (and chief among these is perhaps The Society of 9019). It is hoped that the need will attract the interest of scholars before some of the sources now at hand are no longer available. There has been no attempt to make the present volume readable. Much of the composition has been done in haste, when there was not much mood for writing. Considerable effort has been expended to see that factual statements are factual, A decade of close contact with student publications has engendered reluctance to accept every statement therein as being absolutely factual. Wher- ever possible, facts have been checked by more than one source. The final chapter, it will be noted, is composed of observations, few of them conclusive; and the reader is asked to bear this fact in mind. Con- clusions must await more exhaustive study of soxirce materials here assembled, and Chapter X must be regarded as tentative. Source materials in addition to those contained herein are conveniently available in the files of the Univer- sity News Service. Most of the photographs — from the News Service files — are recent. In the thought that the voltime might be of some interest to the historiaji a hundred years hence, all pictxires have been given special treatment to insure permanence. As will be noted from the bibliography, there has been little consul- tation of published material on the general subject of the correlation of ^.■r.^f c\^- '• r -^— A.-- .' wel , n3 ^ Jl^-^ cI ^C' -.riD 0* iol-vneS e^ leadership in school and after. The present volume, to reiterate, is not a study; but merely the beginning of a study in this field. Whether, when, or by whom the study will be completed is anybody's guess in this year of con- fusion and shadows. Jcay value which this volume may have as documenting the history of the institution is only incidental. The main question ("how can you tell?") remains unanswered; for the qualities that make for leadership, the components of "success," are still not d ef ined. S» M* F* Durham, N, C. June 25, 1942. 3^ ,: 10 ,J3A-; ,Tj;i7o.-.-. t**r •» CONTENTS Acknowled^ents i Preface ii Chapter I. INTROIJUCTiaN 1 Chapter II. LITEHARY AND LINGUISTIC GROUPS 5 Chapter III. CIVIC AND POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS 28 Chapter IV. RELIGIOUS GROUPS 53 Chapter V. MUSICAL AND THEATRICAL ENTERPRISES 65 Chapter VI. ATHLETIC ORGANIZATIONS 88 Chapter VII. FRATERNITIES AND SORORITIES, SOCIAL 97 Chapter VIII. HONORARY AND PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES .... 126 Chapter IX. OTHEffi CLASSIFICATIONS 146 Chapter X. OBSERVATIONS AND qjJESTIONS 162 APPENDICES A. Lists of Student Officers 3 B. Organizations and Enterprises Classified .121 C. Wiley Gray Orators 125 Bibliography 132 Index 134 Chapter I INTRODUCTION The founders of Duke University suttscrited to the concept that education on the college level (as preparation for productive living) should "be balanced. Niimber 4 of the By-Laws (1925) provides that "the three Vice- presidents of the University have supervision of the work of the University in the divisions of (a) business, (h) education, and (c) student life." This provision followed four score years of rather loosely supervised "student activity" in the life of the institution. During the first three years of Duke University's history (as a university) there was a vice-president under the third heading, but with the departure of Dr. E, D. Soper (who was also head of the School of Religion) this position became vacant, and has remained vacant. The term "student activity" as most usually enrployed on the campus means an enterprise initiated and managed by students, such projects usually being extra-curricular (unrelated to courses of study). Official seniority follov/s the order a, b, c. Thus, the Vice-president in the Business Division ranks next to the President in authority. 'tr 2ie2.xu:oi su";'' ■.'i sd' Student activities are and have been often inspired by faculty mem- "bers, often closely supervised by or even led by members of the faculty; but not always. Some student enterprises are wholly student enterprises — and such are usually tardy in receiving sanction of the college administration, Faculty supervision of student activities began with the first stu- dent organizations, the debating societies of Trinity College, before the Civil War; but the first record of a continuous fg^culty- student committee for such supervision is of the Fraternity Pan- Hellenic Council, 1910-11, fStudent activity means organization, and organization often requires fiinds. It was not until there were nearly 150 organizations of students — Tuany of them having a treasurer among their officers — that aid (and supervision) was offered student groups in financial matters. This was in 1933-34, when the Student Activities Office (Trinity College) was set up. Theretofore, financial matters of student publications had been closely supervised by the University Publications Board, and fraternity finances had been subject to review of the Fraternity Pan-Hellenic Council and the national offices. In 1939-40 the Stu- dent Activities Office kept records of financial transactions of 22 organiza- tions, and assisted a greater number of additional groups in various other ways. In addition to this auditing function, the office assists groups in purchasing f\imiture, transportation, and various other items of equipment, supply and service for which they have need; and in other, more subtle ways seeks to assist student organizations — and particularly their leaders — to develop ability to manage their own affairs. Faculty advisers serve this latter purpose to some degree. There has been no organization of faculty advisers, and little connection between them and the Student Activities Office. .:3-j>,o-:iu- The Treasurer's Office serves as "bank for student enterprises recog- nized "by the Student Activities Office — with the exception of fraternities, whose national offices usually audit financial records. The auditing f\inction of the office applies only to organizations of undergraduate men, and to such other groups as request this service. Under- graduate women's groups receive similar service from the Treasurer's Office "branch at 'rf Oman's College, and are under the general supervision of the Dean of Residence. The Director of the Student Activities Office has thus had consider- ably less authority than would have been assTomed by a Vice-president in the Student Life Division of the University; and his duties have of course been considerably less comprehensive. The Director has been directly responsible to the Dean of Men, Trinity College, who is under the Vice-president in the Education Division; so that the Student Activities Office is in the Division of Education, for there is no Division of Student Life as planned at time of founding of the University. There are few purely extra-curricular activities in graduate divisions, for most organizations of graduate students are directly concerned with specific fields of study. The Student Activities Office assists such groups only rarely. ^As vital to the success of any organization as funds is another asset of which there is seldom a surplus, leadership. "Every institution is the lengthened shadov; of a man," and every organization must reflect the character of its leaders, often the character of its founders as well. The institution, the organization, starts with the man, the leader. What, then, are the factors of character which make a person a leader? •^■^r "■■ 'r*'>- :: XlXii T n r>. 1 1 T ;J: 8*x nf, "^^ 5 f ft'l'- sf'iT , rf^^, .1 How are they to be identified? How are they acquired, and when? Are these factors permanent? Will the collegian who is a leader "be a leader after college? Qliick answers to some of these questions are found in well-advertised correspondence courses in "personal magnetism" and salesmanship. Bat, are these the real answers? Can qualities of leadership, prominence, notability, be acquired; or are they innate? And is it possible, on the college level or below, to identify the future leaders of society? If so, should something be done about it? s^sXIoo •% I.- •■' •;:. £». Chester II LIir£BA£Y XSD LINGUISTIC G-ROUPS A. Forensic Organizations Among student orgcmizations in the history of Duke University the one with the longest continuous existence was, according to available records, the first one founded: Columbia Literary Society. This may not have been the first formal organization of students, however, for the 1845-46 enrollment was pro- bably large enough for each class to have officers (including those in the preparatory division, there were 90 students in 1649, the earliest year of which there is an official record of enrollment), but the records of class organiza- tions is quite incomplete, no consistent effort having been made to keep such records before the establishment of the Student Activities Office in 1933-34. Colximbia Litereoy Society was founded in June 1846. Its existence was uninterrupted, e^parently, until May of 1931 when the group was disbanded and reorganized within an ho\ir.^ It died in the Spring of 1938, of non-support. Alumni Register , Oct. 1915, pp.l68f.; Apr. 1917, p. 66; Apr. 1918, p.40; Archive . Nov. 1912, pp.64f. ^Chronicle, May 6, 1931. *f A .■: j-^c; ^ -f Biicli&'sliusrt'iC- •jieneio'''' . ;\:; 11'."-. ,^ *„ ..-. p-K'^ vri-xDoC v-wTa;tL! aid-^frlcO : ^9'^'^ot «»no ^silt . .- ^i s^ori* ^rtJtnt toal) aieoj-no avAd oi bbbIo jIob© icl -i :..->. ».^'I ^clc^^ ^onejai^f-s «" . ^i ^iii?- -ai i^&..;iii.oi shur. Norfolk, Va. , writing Aug. 17, 1940, stated that her father, Christopher Columbus Andrews (great-grandfather of Barney Lee Jones) was at Trinity from 1854 to 1858 and was President of Columbia. Relation of John to Christopher is not known. 4, See ^pendix A. .?. ;:f #" ^.r" • •-"'"■ '^o ntwcttJi si e .iii^cK arusT^-r^ -- ^-^-.^-r-. -^d* :t-- ^.[cf^t'oi. ^!T^? rai; .:Ji:v. ,::iiz.:^yo£i ^■ia.;;>*<^ .; .^.ii^:.. je-txii^s: ' i^ ^-^ on ,8ci:-'>>'' ;;i '• ^.r- v-i , . . ,^ . boa ,ae*fidsi> .ssit'tfasX , ' .a^jii^ro-: , .JCXiox on ,«? -'- '•;■•:: , .1 . ■ ■ d-inw , .sV , - ■ ... ,.-...:;;. ^....,.. ---^^-^ .._v. JjssTsi) &v;--„ .„- ^. ajdoT, lo ftol?- io (taacies'jl a«w fca« CS8I o^ -J •" afiw of Col-umliia and its rival literary society, Hesperian. Until a few years after the founding of Duke University each society had its own hall, seldom used for any other purpose but society meetings, Purnishings were supplied hy members, each having his individual desk and chair, somewhat in the order of a senator. Columbia preceded Hesperian Literary Society by five years. The latter was born June 26, 1851, six months after Union Institute became Normal College. J. W. Alspaugh was a "prime mover," and 0. W. Carr of Greensboro was another charter member. Abram Weaver, Salisbury, was first President, Braxton Craven v/as in the chair at the organization meeting. Hesperian (meaning Western) was organized for boys from the Western part of North Carolina, but this aspect 7 of its purpose was evidently soon outgrown. The two societies are the only student organizations known to have existed when Normal College became Trinity College on i'ebruary 16, 1859, In the annals of Trinity, the rivalry of Columbia and Hesperian was eqtialled only by the rivalry between Trinity (and now Duke) and Carolina athletic squads; the inter-society debates were highlights of each academic year for decades. Outstanding monuments to joint efforts of the societies are The Archive and The Chronicle , to which fuller mention is given later in this chapter. Both Col\jmbia and Hesperian accumulated larger ntimbers of books than the college library. "Each had 2,200 books and Trinity College had 650 books in 1860-61," according to J, P. Breedlove, whose sx^jervision of Trinity and Duke book collections has extended over the last half-century. In 1887-88 all of these books were brought together into one library collection and called from that time on. Trinity College Library. In 1888-89 we find another note in the catalogue saying Jerome Dowd, Life of Braxton Craven (Raleigh: Edwards and Broughton, 1896). Archive . Nov. 1912, p. 67. " ^AlTimni Register . Oct. 1915, pp.l58ff; Apr. 1918, Jan. 1919, pp.229ff; Archive, June 1904; Nov. 1912. li-st.- ,..;. .. X In 1887->88 all of these books were broii^t together into one library collection and called from that time on. Trinity College Library. In 1888-89 we find another note in the catalogue saying that each society had 4,000 volumes and that the Theological Soci- ety had several hundred. These society libraries were included in the Trinity College Library of 1888-89, and they were all consoli- dated into one collection of books. In 1894-95 the college library, according to the catalogue of that date, had in it 10,000 volumes.^ Hesperian suAcumbed when, in 1931-32, interest in foreneics reached an all-time low at Duke. Columbia had been revived the previous Spring. Since 1922, Herbert J. Herring had been the only speech instructor, and he had other duties. In 1935 Leroy Lewis was added to the English Department as Instructor in Public Speaking, and Columbia experienced a revival of energy. This new surge of power was soon exhausted, however, and Columbia died in its 92nd year, 1938. On Februairy 4, 1937, about a year before Columbia eo^ired, a group of speech students, encouraged by Instructor Lewis, organized Hesperian Union. tPhough having no direct connection with Columbia's deceased rival, "Hesperian Union was organized along the lines of the Hesperian Literary Society. . • . Famlty debates, as well as student debates and panel discussions, were sponsored [during the first year]. The present program includes sponsoring of debates, current problem discussions to aid students in a better \mder standing of the nation's crisis,'*^ promotion of better relations between men and women at Duke, and other problems of interest to collegians, ^^ J. P. Breedlove. Letter dated Jan. 11, 1940, in News Service files. ^Catharine C. Blakeney. Sketch in News Service files, dated Nov. 15, 1937. 10 Among topics discussed during 1940-41 were: "Relations Between East and West Campuses," "Campus Etiquette," "The College Curriculum." "Drunken Driving" was discussed at a meeting in February 1939. Faculty members have participated in forum discussions occasionally during the last three years. / 000, .cooa dt>&e iiuxi •to.tc ,-T^:n. iXP.. ■■•-ni iis woX e- , Vt J I • o -1. • . . t -rr 'n?^. '.'».?. •Tt'ST'O'-' ' )io'!t»d 1BOV a * f as ,;;^i3i«9q£ oiXtfiJ^ ax . 8SC- • ,4^ -y.-tEjrice'i itO ■'xi-.e,tT Ttf "■'^'^ f tetrad a ax a^fnsfttrJ^ r 3iJoiasyo«i "xq *B»ii«a .'iTiieT,; S'^titicf J'Ji"! aad ,,aixuju ^jiiJ6iiO-£=iii^CO SfiCi^r 9 A young organization with piirpose and program somewhat similar to that of Hesperian Union is the Student Congress, founded March 19 » 1940, through the efforts of Joe Tally and other leaders of the Polity Club. "The Student Congress," according to The Chronicle of ^rll 26, 1940, "prides itself on remoYlng student complaints from the field of bull-sessions into practical and constructive action." Though its program to date has been similar to that of He^erlan Union, its puirpose more closely allies it with Student Government ; and it is therefore more fully described in Chapter III. In the saune classification ie the College Congress, forensic and mock legislative body formed about 1888. ^ Its existence was evidently very brief. Intercollegiate debating has been part of the institution's speech program since 1900 or before. The existence of a Debate Council of three feunxlty members and two representatives from each of the literary societies is indicated as early as 1902. This body's function was the supervision of inter- collegiate debates. Such a group existed. Intermittently perhaps, until inter- collegiate debating came under the mamagement of Leroy Lewis in 1935-36. In i^ril 1934 was formed the Debaters' Council, with Senior Claiborne Gregory as head, for the purpose of arranging intercollegiate debates, a function of Tau Kappa Alpha from its founding at Trinity on May 3, 1915^'' until about 1933, when the chapter became Inactive for two years. The chapter was revived in 1935-36 as a Graduate Club of Tau Kappa Alpha; undergraduates were soon admitted. •*• ^Archive , Jan. 1889, p. 66. "The academic department constitutes the House, and those in the scientific, the Senate. Business is conducted just as in the Congress of the U.S." 12 President's Report, June 1916, p. 7. ^Alumni Register , July 1915, p. 117; Chronicle , May 5, 1915; Baird's Manual . .11-, j^-.'-I'O -»iq 0-7'::.-. ■;iii.'i^-'=- - ■rr ..•■.,H- ■■ai''-"':r..'-i "'XIl^ ^f-'r- Q^c't«9-r«'*:^ »i *1 -fen* .;^,^^^jf .,^.,^ ,,j;tr:«** fve ^-^^ «>orr*:t«i:«» e*I "'•'^.8881 d^^'oci ^ ®"»'i- g> ..,<,» :tf*t^OK ^tsisJiX ari* "io dose laoil savi.^ t oyti bos gtsoffisai •.^iuiiiM ■'. oiiS.Btao& 9./' .55. a , ;x _j:i^ ;SX9X .5 ^«M .•Xoia^^rf^ j^XX.q ,5161 ^X^L ^-rffifti^eil. 10 Colum'bia and Eeeperian were open only to men. "By 1900 (when 23 women were enrolled) there seemed to "be room for a women's literary society, and the 14 Ero Mathlan Society was organized. Its existence was evidently very brief, for the one year only. By 1912 the feminine enrollment had reached 74; on Janxxary 6 of that year was formed Athena Literary Society^ (at the stiggestion of Matide Upchurch, with H» S. Spence as faculty adviser), which continued until 1926, when it merged with Brooks Literary Society to form the League of Women Voters at Duke. The Brooks society — founded in the Fall of 1921 and named in honor of Eugene Clyde Brooks, member of the education faculty 1907-19 and sub- sequently Superintendent of Public Instruction for North Carolina and President of North Carolina State College — had the sane relation to Athena as did Hesperian to Columbia. ^^ On February 4, 1927 was orgsinized the Women's Debatizig Council,^" the function of vdiich was about the same as that of the Debate Council of 1902-35. On December 3, 1931 the Debaters' Club was organized by a groxqp of women. ^® It was active until 1936-37, when speech activities of Trinity College and Woman's College came under the supervision of Speechman Lewis. Two literary societies existed during the history of Trinity Park School, 1898-1922. Orewiy was founded in the Fall of 1898^^ and Calhoun a bit later. Both continued until the preparatory school was closed. Preceding the ^ ^Ar chive , Jan. 1900, p. 275. ^ ^Alumni Register , Apr. 1917; Chronicle , Feb. 7, 1912; Archive , Nov. 1912, p .70. ^ ^Alumnl Register , Oct. 1921, p. 214. ^" ^ Chronicle . Feb. 9, 1927. ^^Chronlcle, Dec. 2, 1931. 19 Chronicle , 1905 et seqq. ; Trinity College Catalogue , 1898-99, p. 30. CI -r-T." T:i V- •'^■tC "ir't TT* flCl? I . ^ ■ ,.-. 4,.., -re: ;»«.^r n'-f :■• •*': ,T)hrortrl *'?^ ■ ^ .01., -J ,?t5-f^P«.C ,«O20. MS.q ,X>C: ,^00 ,;i2: : ci .'^ei , . . :.. -CTiO'^^ cl ■ — ,,GI •crL-riT'L' : .ooes !?■ '^."■■ ; .^rKO 11 &rad7 and Calhoun aooietles were the Lyeorgian (founded about 1893) and the Adelphian (founded about 1896), both organized before the establishment of Trinity Park School. Por a number of years preceding 1925 the Society of 9019 sponsored annual declamation contests among North Carolina high school students. Winners from schools within a radius of about fifty miles came to Trinity for the final contest. This was eridently begun at about the same time the Unirersity of North Carolina inaugurated the annual high school debate tournament at Cheqpel Hill, which continues. B. Literary Orovqps About a dozen actually literary societies hare existed during the institution's history. (The so-called literary societies hare most often been forensic clubs.) The first was the Saturday Night Club. Though evidently com- posed of faculty members only, the club was of sufficient interest to students to warrant the student monthly to take notice of it.^ It was probably begun during the winter of 1894-95; it wsis act lye for about three years. On November 7, 1911, Dr. Frank C. Brown called a meeting of interested students and supervised the organizing of the Writers* Club, the Idea for which had originated among a group of women students.^ ^Catalogue . 1895-96, p. 114. 21 Ibid. , 1897-98, p. 125. 22 ***See also. Society of 9019, p. 127, post. 23 Archiv e, Jan. 1895. ^Chronicle, Nov, 15, 1911. ..-f ^ f..^ v'J'.-^!?'^ -^ --^0 J^-Ii"^ ^♦'♦-''^ ^^o*^* ■^'^ salbjRi M atdilv aXcoxtoa mof?: '-1-4*; (. ^.-ii'i ■• .. J. eri;r :itui:^ iJSuiiAxa -<5v*v ^.iicr^iooa -tBi*?// -^Xi^tr^rD. .f^^rft b Jr-rcTA ^-^,,5,;, ,^«ji4 *,;orfe Tc't *v|J^ oX Jo -i&^civ sri* irltut " , I V' •■- ''ri-,i'.\rr J a> .IXei ,cl ,vo«i ,eIo:iaOirin^^' .civci .nsu ,:^2,'; 2-^ 12 Sxactly two years after the organization of the Writers' Cluh was formed the Fortnightly Club of Sigma IJ^silon, a federation of local honoreoy 25 literary groups in Southern colleges. The group was active until about 1934. 26 Zeta chapter of Chi Delta Phi has existed since April 1922, when Danyeah Literary Club (founded in Tebruary of that year) was granted a charter. Chi Delta Phi is a women's organization corresponding in size and purpose to Sigma Upsilon, whose membership is male. In the Chronicle of March 22^ 1933, mention is made of a chapter of the College Poetry Society of America. The reference is probably to Chi Delta Phi, which studies poetry as well as other forms of literature. At any rate, no further tra^e of the College Poetry Society has been found at Duke. The Sditor of the 1935-36 Archive , Eeu*l Bunner, left before the end of the year. Xdward 3» Post, Jr., sophomore with a facile pen, had been outstand- ing as a contributor to the literary monthly and had interested several other students in forming a club for the purpose of reading and criticizing each other's writings, and discussing other litercury works. The Archive , with an empty Editor's chair, was virtually turned over to this group, the Undergraduate Writers, by the University Publications Board. Post served as Editor for the remainder of the Tear, and was formally elected to that position for his Junior year. According to the system of elections prevailing from then till 1940, the Archive Editor must have been a member of Undergradiaate Writers. The group holds regular meetings, mainly for the reading and criticizing of each other's literary efforts; most of the Archive contents for the last three years (1937-1940) has gone ^ ^Chronicle , Nov, 12, 1913, 26 Alumni Register, Apr. 1922, p. 34. x .*y?.CI .^XrcdB li^W •TiiO* ' ' ^^O^ ''^ 'SqllO'SS v..i'£^jii a. 1 lit- A nor-*'; f:^^f-' ' ' -C' te^qjario ^^.' , - ...» /yT" + 0* t^iUQli^: -rot asw AXLB «TU»«% , • i;-=;9j av"^-::: ie^-a 13 through this process.^ Professor William Blackburn has been Adrisor to the group since its inception. (The organization was inactive during 1940~41.) Among literairy clubs one of the most interesting was the Cat's Head Club, founded in December 1924 by nine students: R. P. Harriss, A. A. Wilkinson, Freeman Twaddell, Balph Fuller, Jasper Clute, James J, Tarriss, Gay Allen, A. B. Gibson, and Franklin Shinn. Headquarters were in the Cat's Head section of Epworth Hall. The President was named Catterwaller; the Secretary, Cat-o-nine« tails. The group dominated the literary life of the campus for about three Toeurs, dying a natural death about 1928. One issue of a magazine. The Cat's Meow , was published November 22, 1926. The Club also published a limited edition (ten copies) of verses by James Branch Cabbell, well-known writer of Richmond, Va. Advisers to the club were Drs, Paull F, Baum, N. I. White, and B. W, Nelson.^ Members of the group — though perhaps not all of them — were also members of Sigma Upsilon. The North Carolina Folklore Society has had a connection with Duke through Dr. Frank C. Brown, who has served as the society's President. A related Folklore Society was organized among Trinity students in the Fall of 1920.^ It was active for three years or more. At least three Journalistic groups were organized before the University established its own publicity department; the need for such clubs has not been felt so keenly since. There was a Press Association as early as 1904-05, and it had a continuous existence until about 1912.^ It was closely related to The ^" ^ Chronicle , 1935-36, passim . ^ ^Chronicle , Nov. 3, 1920. 28 Chronicle , Dec. 17, 1924. North American Review, Oct, 1930. 30 Cat^^gue, 1904-05 et seqq. Chronicle, Jan. 23, 1906; Oct. 5, 1910. 15 .r or f -p i • ,' » ' — .1^.^-' .f -,■ . ,.K ,3=-^ '^(e^fr*s ^ ^ic aotto V t:';.-.'. •iOCfilfi. ^' .'.i-.wo ; *"— '■■''J ' il ■ -y^ja.iiyt^^^ ^f^o ::ESP'--PE g^ § m: ■a a- IJ © ^ = 5 i; - S g t- 2 o 14 Chronicle , nearly all members being on the newspaper's editorial staff. A Journalists' Club is mentioned in The Chronicle of October 2, 1912; it is per- haps the same group as the Qjtiill Club. The C^ill Club, coioposed of caiopus cor- respondents for home-town newspapers, was organized October 2, 1912, and con- 31 tinued until World War I considerably curtailed student enterprise in 1917. The institution's first regular publicity writer (the term "press agent" is seldom used) was Henry Belk, employed in 1920, while still a student. A Journalism Club was formed on March 5, 1923, through the efforts of Dr. Alan H. Gilbert, but had a brief history. It was a different sort of club from the Press Association, Journalists' Club and qjxill Club; its purpose being the stimulation of interest in Journalism, rather than the practical application of such interest in earnix^ bread. C. Publications Outstanding among publications connected with Trinity College and Duke University is the South Atlantic Qioarterly, launched in January 1902 with the financial and moral support of The Society of 9019. John Spencer Bassett, founder also of 9019, was the publication's principal inspirer. The 9019 (evidently as individual patrons rather than as an organized group) gave finan- 33 cial support until 1907, when the South Atlantic Publishing Company was chartered. Otherwise, the publication has not been a student enterprise. ^ ^ Chronicle , Oct. 9, 1912. Catalogue , 1912-13. ^ ^Chronicle , Mar. 7, 1923. ''"John Cline, Thirty-Eight Years of the South Atlantic Qioarterly — A Chapter in the Progress of Liberalism in the South . Master's Thesis, submitted 1940, 15uke University. Duke University Library. I ■d lai . . . <* .r^ ftisTrh-rt? 9-^J^ 15 At least two publications with similar aims preceded the South Atlantic Quarterly » having heen begun during the presidency of Braxton Craven. The first 34 was The Southern Index , a bi-monthly first published in 1850. In December of 35 the same year was published the first number of The Evergreen , its successor. The Evergreen was published at Asheboro (about 15 miles from Trinity) , with Braxton Craven and R. H. Brown as editors of the third and fourth numbers. Brown alone served as editor for the remainder of the twelve monthly issues. It is probable that Craven helped to initiate the magazine; no copies of the first two issues have been found. It was not officially sponsored by Trinity College but received considerable support from the institution, through Craven and other faculty members as contributors, and perhaps from the student body as readers. The last issue was published in November 1851. Another non-student publication was The Trinity Gazette , a quarterly first published in 1874, and 36 continued for three years. The College Herald was begun before June 1882.^''' Very little informa- tion has been found concerning it or The Trinity Magazine , which followed The College Herald in March 1883."^® A clear distinction was made between education and Christian education by Dr. John Carlisle Kilgo and many other educators of his time. "Dr. Jack's" aim for Trinity was that it should be the section's leading institution for ^Alumni Register , July 1917, p,152. ^^Ibid. "^ ^Ibid ., Jan. 1922, p. 234. 37 Archive , Apr. 1892, p. 301. Sophia Ryman states ( Alumni Register , Jan, 1922, p. 235) that "the first number of The College Herald was published in November 1882." 38 Alumni Register, Jan, 1922, p,235. rii x-^Ii.^. -aoa -r ■• .-^ f f? f " das/T» 5' r j.'i'! .-J.C -1. ,:::a':'-.i u':- -Si^; $«vf ije^^ «n«« '•■'>■■{ JO .?! fT yi "" a«w isoi^flol. '.csflv •j.-tr'* TC* ; .n/cii .■ ..-.0■v • 1 V* ;;:;.oo G*l ;^ 3 i ix-'u oirlG •T/~ ♦■ . T 0*18 it iedi e«v ^J ii..^ , vr-i n:»i; N •■ 16 Chrletlan education. Some Trinity altimni and other interested North Carolinians objected to the college's use of ""blood money" from the Dukes. There came to "be a rather sharp difference hetween the points of view of Eilgo and the leaders of the University of North Carolina on the subject of educational aims and methods, and the matter was used by the State's newspe^ers as an interesting controversial issue. It was in this connection that President Kilgo and his faculty, with the purpose of propagandizing North Carolinians in favor of Christian education, be- gan the publication of The Christian Educator, in February 1896. It was a propa- ganda publication, with some general news of interest to the college community and those interested in the institution. It was discontinued (December 1898) when the Eilgo-Grattis case began to take so much of the time and attention of President Kilgo and his faculty. ^^ Before the time of The Christian Educator was the beginning of The Archive , believed to be the first student-managed publication at Trinity. Its beginning was sponsored by the Columbia and Hesperian societies, largely throxigh the efforts of a faculty member, Professor J. L. Armstrong, who edited the publi- cation for the first three years. The first number appeared in November 1867; it has been published continuously since, as a monthly"^ The Archive is thought to be direct successor to The Trinity Magazine , which itself succeeded The College Herald > The period of 188^-87 was a time of uncertainty and change for the college, and it was natural that new enterprises should be initiated during such a time. Since 1890 The Archive has been edited and managed by students, with a modicum of faculty supervision. Grraduate students, faculty members, and T>aul N.Oarber, John Carlisle Kilgo , (Durham: Duke Ifciversity Press, 1937), pp.60, 234ff. 40 Alumni Register , June 1926, Jan. 1927, May 1930. Archive, Nov. 1903, May 1 940 . . /- ■.-'1 "r ^r ■.- ^ ' ■:t'i<'! r 7n': '• T C "^ -O v-v 5iiUlO •■■•>'• ::.,. '.'i.iJ'^l Ji BO ■■ „ r ri'*- ■-■.■<•-■.'>; t'. •■'■ . •■* .feftG •9881 -•■^-.^"'^-^ :^r -.n-^^;. ■ Tr;,: j ';•■> ^j/;'^ .-T^ov ^otjt'i^ *::TJ:'*r srf* rc^ aoi-t^o ,'iir:mbr.Ti9 vjS hft^-^svun true £>e*." ::' asci avif^rTi-. ■^.uT 0C<9I eontS ,«ffiJt* « xiox;.: v:3;-. ,COei .vr: ,dv.tr:cni.. . .1 i^e.:-. ,7S,tX .iX^L ,o:;'ii saxrX. , I-ii.TXil- .o*e 17 off-caiBpu8 writers eontrituted fairly frequently until about 1935; since then it has "been an undergraduate publication. Before (Trinity College moved to Durham in 1892 students did not feel need for a caatpus newspe^er, since The Archive served the function of newsorgan as well &B liter£iry magazine. By 1905, when the enrollment was 483, there seemed to he need for a campus newspaper. The Columbia and Hesperian Literary Societies (which had sponsored the initiation of The Archive ) were approached on the subject. The first issue of The Trinity Chronicle was published on December 19, 1905. The origin and early history of the newspaper has been succinctly written by U. N, Hoffman, '07, the second Editor: On Saturday evening » December 9, 1905, was born The Trinity Chronicle , now the Duke Chronicle , for on that evening the Hesperian and Colmbian Literary Societies approved the plan that had been worked out for founding a weekly newspaper for the college. The first issue bore the date of December 19. I believe that I can in all sincerity lay claim to originating the idea for the newspe^er. In Trinity Park School, the prep school over in the northwest comer of the campus at that time, I had had thrust upon me the editorship of the little magazine, the High School Gazette , by Headmaster J, ?• Bivins, The printer's ink I got on my fingers stuck, and when I entered college I thought, "Why not have a newspsgper as well as the literary magazine? '* But a mere freshman could not dare propose it; nor as a soph could I do anything about it. But in the fall of my junior year (1905) I talked it over with Tom M. Stokes, a classmate in the prep school who also had got smeared with printer's ink of the High School Gazette . He was interested to the extent that he Joined me in a trip into town to find out what a paper wo\ild cost. We tramped around to most of the printing shops cmd got estimates. We had no money to finance a paper (both were working to help pay oxzr way through college), and the next step was to find a financial angel. He was a Hesperian, I a Columbian; both literary societies had plenty of funds. We found officers and members favor- able toward a paper, but to get the two societies to agree to pay the printer if need be was something different. These debating societies were carefully conducted, and their treasiirers were tight-fisted col- legians. The proposition was placed before the memberships; it was argued and approved, provided certain formalities were carried out. Yes, sir. 'v'i .00 aieJlitw ' fI5 fl90ff •* ::i ^;:V: "jj'itStA-^ (--f' £.'■ i^r;' p bail iooa ;-;?.n ^ae »d* .t-O' . . iffiiisv . .X -s 2a ^ ^ t nr.t:[-.T.. '-I 9fi^ ■ "'^^ I - :v : -- ;,-■ ■•lit 0* iiv,-.:)TV?7IF,:;TJ7r iT~irr •'■;;;■: J: or. ■;li(* e.ct '^acr o:^ ; J'SS o* *««* t' ,«il«sJt: =.i h9tf:-,iB ■^•■'-,1 il ;aqj . fJisc-'T''" ^■'^' 18 there must be a constitution and by-lawe for the paper. A hoard of four men from each society to work them out was authorized by a resolution passed hy both groups on December 9, 1905. The second Issue of the paper printed this authorizing resolution and the sub- sequently framed constitution and by-laws. Inasmuch as the editor mast be a senior I was not eligible till the second year, when I succeeded Henry G-ilbert Poard, i06. Gibby was a fine editor — a genial fellow, a hard worker, a brilliant stu- dent. His untimely death in 1930 left me as the oldest surviving editor. To Tom Stokes, co-founder with me of the paper, shotild have gone the first managership, for he had attended summer school and was a senior when I was a Junior. But for what he had done to make the paper a reality he was rewarded merely with a place on the editorial staff as the writer of an interesting column of paragraphs that bore the headline "Locals." Nobody on the staff had had any training in newspaper writing or make-t^ technique, and what a paper the first issue was I VHiy, the five colTums on the front page contained only two news stories. One started in column one with the "startling" headline: HESPERIAN VS. COLUMBIAN Sixteenth Annual Inter- Society Debate — Won by the Hesperian The story ran three full columns, then was continued to page two to fill almost three more! The second story on page one started in column four and bore this grand headline: MR. D. A. TOMPKINS, OF CHARLOTTE Prominent N. C. Business Man Speaks to Trinity Students and filled two columns of that page and was continued to page three to fill nearly three more! The type was all handset, quite large as coinpared to newspaper type today. The paper was printed at the Durham Recorder printshop on Main Street, upstairs. It was rather difficult at first to get enotigh material to fill the four pages. There was no football then, but baseball was a red-hot sport, with Southpaw Arthur Bradsher set- ting the South on fire with his unbeatable pitching. Issue No. 20 was an athletic number containing picttires of that year's team and a record of all games from 1899 to 1906. So far as I know the literary societies never had to pay one cent to meet Chronicle bills. Neither advertisements nor subscriptions liuili »rf *&raB '■it 1/ ad .jourXoo •I or: TO liffii^ r. , ito£i-i)9t a I od eeBI ffioiT: aeituss IIjh to Aaoos-x « . Clltf 19 were hard to get, and the money from these easily met the printer* 8 hills. There were no others (except for a few engravings), for no one on the paper received any pay. It was all fun, we thought; it gave me the finest training I got in college (and I do not mean to discount at all the inspiring instruction of Flowers, Mlms, 7ew, Glasson and others). Hall to the Chronicl e; may it live on and on and on, and he the livest thing at DuJfcei^-^ The Class of 1912 published a yearbook, naming it The Chanticleer . It has been an annual publication ever since — except one year during World War I, It soon came to be the most opulent of student publications, which reputation it has maintained for more than 25 years. The editorship and manager- ship of The Chanticleer are the biggest publication plums accessible to DukB students; "honest graft" for each is generally considered to aiDount to several hundred dollars, with more graft available. (Eegalatlons concerning distribu- tion of profits have been more strict since 1938.) -^nrH the yearbook published pictures of practically all faculty members. Until y^2^plctures of graduate students were also published. Since then The Chanticleer has been an exclusively undergraduate publication. The Issues of 1937, 1938, 1939 and 1940 were given "All-American" rating by the National Scholastic Press Association, classing the publication as a leader in its field. The Woman's College was formally established in the Fall of 1930, with the treuasferring of University offices to the West, or University, caarpus. One manifestation of the new unity of undergraduate women was The Distaff , literary monthly published by undergraduates, beginning with March 1931 and con- tinuing until ^^U. N. Hoffman, Tacoma, Wash. Sketch accoiopanying letter to Ben M. Patrick, Oct. 24, 1938. News Service files. Chronicle , Feb, 18, Mar. 18, 1931. Files In Woman's College Library. ei tn-^rt-r- -r'^ ■* ^'^ *^** ^^^ '"^ at ? . infjJsJtJ j&oe -xrrflif^if^ ^.fTi.'T'ftortoo pfT0il6lJ<^»H) . liiTvs n^it-, »io« d;tJtw ,si«IXol5 i>9ibai/ii :- . ■ ...-n-t, .■»■,»-,--. Ma.:;: ^^-.^tf B^^d. a^itcTCT "^c ^r^-^■♦ .:. 3 9I1V .ice I ,81 .^. , . , ^lor-cxiIO"' 20 The first recorded attentpt of Duke students to publish a humor maga^- zine was in 1926-27, when a group sponsored "by Tombs proposed The Blue Devil and, according to The Chronicle of February 16, 1927, signed a contract for printing. There is, however, no record of publication. Its history was probably about the same as that of The Duchess , proposed in the Fall of 1928 but dis- 43 coiuraged by the Publications Board before the first issue reached press. First-year men became more conscious of their unity after September 1935, when Eilgo House was made an exclusively freshman dormitory. Within four months a grooj^ of first-year men had decided there should be a freshman publi- cation. This decision was reached by J. Stewart G-illespie, Eobert P. Stewart, Berkley Schaub and other first-year men on the staff of The Chronicle , because 44 of "differences with John Moorhead, assistant editor." Accordingly, in January 1934 was published the first issue of The Blue Imp , a 5-page mimeo- gre^hed "weekly newspaper spotlighting freshman news." It was distributed at two cents a copy, on Thursdays, for a few weeks. Meanwhile, within the ranks of Tl^g Blue^Ing, an opposing fresh- man group developed against the leadership of J. Stewart Gillespie. Led by Berkley Schaub they instituted a rival 5-page mimeographed paper — The Duke 'n' Duchess . The price of this publication vaB also two cents. [The first issue of The Duke 'n' Duchess bore the date February 2, 1934.] The spring semester of 1934 saw these two freshman publications rivalling each other, and, to some extent, The Chronicle , in furnish- ing the undergraduate body with the latest in news flashes. This period of journalistic turmoil ended with the x>eriod of final exami- nations for 1934. The fall semester of 1934 brought in a new freshman class. The members of the staffs of The Blue Imp and Duke 'n' Duchess were now ^^Chronicle, Oct. 24, 1928; Nov. 7, 1928. 44 Jack Stanaton, Class of 1939. Sketch in News Service files. Aug. 19, 1938. oeailta ,>■ .-••■ :• I "J- •■'•■V axiir -L^:f -» >^:-.^D*0- , ®^* '^ ■■Mi. ii-Iii 3X13 -^1C-. leJl* yjxau it9>-'t lo Si^-oioJiaoo «io« Oic&om aiw iv^ -r-xri .5., ^^ 4 ,(r' *•» + -- , . ^-^tI . r^liXr* tS> > ' C.v. i I,*. J - aasB wort --^r-jw ii' ~> •.. •>■""; cr.l ihiUS. <>r;"- '-to c:':, 'j'Js adi *;" .An^' ,V .- ■ ,J ,-^c .J:. , ■■^'■ f^l. .^/J»^ .,;;^4.J£.», t*:>*vi-w 3-^. . X ^s^ « TriiV. r f . ^» . -O/J ZL sophomores with more worldly matters on their hands. But [some members of] the freshman class ('38), led hy Jack C* Stamaton and Bill Co\irtney» had Joiirnedistic aspirations. These two freshmen interested a gro\ip of classmates in presenting the University with its first humor publication. They sought, and received permission from the Publications Board to publish two trial issues. Both of these were to be limited: (1) to a mimeographed peqper; (2) to campus advert ise^ ments; . . . This group decided to call its publication The Blue Imp . The first copy of the [revived] Blue Inrp , Duke humor magazine, was published in February 1935, and sold for five cents. There were 22 mimeographed pages of news events. Jokes, cartoons, and other Illustrations. Color was used on the cover. More than 600 copies were sold. The Chronicle aided the infant publication by giving much space to news stories [about it] and writing several editorials and re views. ^5 While 600 copies of this publication were sold, it was the opinion of the staff that such a circulation figure could not be maintained without better typographi- ced presentation. They considered printing, but the cost was more than they cared to undertake at that time. Too, The Blue Imp seemed as popular with upperclassmen as with freshmen. Consequently, In April 1935 the freshman staff published its second issue, this time calling it the Duke *n' Duchess in an attempt to take the publication out of the limits oT a freshman periodical and make it one of more general Interest eunong the students, . . . The April issue contained 24 mimeographed pages, with additional colored inks, more eaqjensive grade of paper, and extra cartoons and Illustrations. This issue was a decided improvement over the first. Its make-up was styled after the New Yorker magazine. More then 900 copies were sold at five cents a copyl These two Issues were the only ones allowed by the Publications Board as trial copies. The following fall [1935] another group in the new freshman class took over the Duke 'n' Duchess with permission from the Publi- cations Board to issue additional trial copies. This group was led by Roosevelt Der Tatevasian and Hilliard Schendorf . This new group continued the publication in mimeographed style until permission was granted, by the Board, in 1937, to print the copies. '^^ ^^Stamaton, op.clt. ^ ^Ibld . ?T6rfjr©m *r.! .:"vtt ,.;:,_! »X:^C •0 .«• XI *-«'.aw»Jtyei •»■•♦• A ;^q «f(;t »-p- ? •' r «n .-t -rr fi ...-■! ' .T r , roe »i»w .Tof ^ > f Ji ,*«in '•o V'^J.T ,ci e*iu Tfii'iv, Cw ,\oUi ,^ 22 But complete recognition of the publication did not come for two years. By action of the Puljlications Board on May 9, 1939, the Duloe 'n* Duchess became em official student publication, after five years of probation; it has since been distributed free to students, and a part of the publications fee paid by every student (\indergraduate) goes to the publication. The ad-soliciting staff has been so diligent and successful that The Archive has made a poor showing in coiaparisdn; and there has been serious talk, among students, of discontlnxilng 47 publication of the literary monthly. There have been several fly-by-night student publications, perhaps most of them being in the category of The Duke Independent , a semi-occasional one-page mimeographed effort of Schendorf , Der Tatevasian & Co. (See Duke 'n' Duchess ) devoted to the support of campus political candidates during the years 1936-39. 7ew of these publications, however, have left any definite record. l^aternities sometimes publish organs for the benefit of their own student and alumni members. In this classification are recorded: The Duke Slg , published by Sigma Chi; The Duke Ducat , by Lambda Chi Alpha; and The Duke Phi , published by Phi Delta Theta. Anong other orgeuilzed groups which have had their own publications are the Cat's Head Club and the Student Volunteer Band. The former published one issue of The Cat's Meow.*® The Volunteer was a publication of Student Vol- unteers In North Carolina colleges. The plan was to rotate the editorship among participating schools; Trinity students edited the publication during 192S-23.'*^ 47 A fairly complete file of Duke 'n' Duchess is in the University Library. Pertinent newstorles are to be found Tn the Chronicle for Oct. 24, 1928; Nov. 7, 1928, Mar. 21. 1934. 48^ See p. 13, ante. 49 Chronicle, Mar. 14, 1923. IC t ?AO i Xdi/c •03C ^ ■ . I : ts"-- ; ao t ji, :. ;r)'i4- , f i.QO . ui fiy.trj. ' J fit 9(. -^^:ti-: .TO i •+: ' .^. ' y. : '.--r^v ; 5.tixil'isJ) ^ 'to nft!*»3lX iC^?' .i,-:^ .r^t'irff e.'t '^ IHPT v-'»i3il'5ua X^rtoi ei^oor-t 'i?J^ s;ci > J. - J , ci^ai-: ri aei;teioo3 vts-if^JlX ii0.ltieaea2 baa •? ^-.^/^.l J :» ■TLO 87 t..^««-r, KT rf ear*''" *►* €til'^ I«>j:'t5*j9.ro "wf^ »> f \ft •■ J. ,- . • , 9i^S C . .riJ-t. .v-;^x ,VK ,....,. ■ J V .,' , c. -, 24 of classical subjects on their programs from the begixming, it is believed; and since the programs of these societies were s-officiently cos^rehensive to fill the needs of the early students for extrap-curricular activities, it is reaeoziable to assume that there was no group analogous to the Classical Club before Trinity College moved to Durham. !rhe Classical Club roster, as of May 5, 1910, bears the names of seven undergraduates and three faculty members; J, N. Aiken, *12; F. S. Bennett, '12; W. G. Gaston, '11; C. M. Hutchings, '11; £. J. Londow, '12; A. M. Proctor, '10; C. S. Warren, '10; A. M, Gates, W. P. Gill, and A. H. Merritt. The club is and has been coniposed only of men students and members of the faculty who are interested in the study of Greek and Latin. Papers dealing with classical subjects are read and discussed at bi-monthly meetings; several of these are deposited in the Uni- versity Library. The membership badge is a rectangular silver key, the obverse of which represents in profile the head of a helmetted Greek warrior. The sil- houette stands out from a pebbly background, enclosed in a neat, plain framework. The reverse bears the legend, "Classical Club D U 1910," followed by the member's name. Dr. Gates states that "in the Pall of 1916 a group of young women students of Trinity College who were interested in classical subjects decided — since membership in the local Classical Club was limited to men — to form a 55 classical organization of their own." The group adopted the name Parthenon Club. Miss Kate G. Umstead was the first president. The groijp was active through 1923-24. After an interval of three years, the Forum Club was organized 54 Gates, op . cit . ^^Gates, op. cit . r : • • r * 0P.19W6cs i.tio: 1 ..>;■-.: :•■ ^- ■■ 3 Usoires-^io ^.i. f.Sv .^/.rvfo SBV etoriJ c ( r ■• t ■ ' ' " • < \ \0 Tln» '■ '.Xi \ • ' ■ ^ v.^r'ta *nr f?i . J J :•?;!» '^^jJIs,'. ■*- ^ qldfiterfffip .ij'jiJioJ.a xii^t^s ■^rij '?I£'*:6'r' ■ £0 \ i »aar 8-z«aci •& lavs'* adX t i•■•• 25 (in the Fall of 1927), and has continued its active cultural Influence among women students. Like the Parthenon Club, its membership is restricted to women; though it has occasional Joint progreuns with the Classical Club. Student organizations for the study of French language and literature haye adopted at least seven different names since the first group was organized in 1911. The names and years of activity: Societe Franpaise, 1911-20; Cercle Francais, 1920-?; French Club, 1920-38; French Club, Advanced, 1925-?; French Club, Women's, Dec. 3, 1931-7; Salon Fran9al8e, 1935-37; and Tau Psl Omega, Oct. 57 1938- . From the time of the or^mlzation of the Women's French Club in 1931 through 1933-34, the men's and women's clubs had separate programs; with this exception the organizations may be considered as one (almost) continuous asso- ciation, with an occasional cheuage of name. Tau Psl Omega in 1938 succeeded the French Club and has since been the only eztrar-currlcular organization devoted to the study of French language and literature. Beginning in 1934-35, under the Isadership of Mr. and Mrs. Neal Dow, the French Club and the French Division of the Department of Romance Languages presented annual public performances of well- known French dramas; this project has been continued by Tau Psl Omega. Other than this, the activities of nearly all groups In this classification have been confined to meetings for the study of French literary works and the practice of conversational French. While the Classical Club has been mentioned as the "oldest departmentcLL society, " information on the German Club is available for an earlier date than ^°Ruth Kellcher. Historlcja sketch in Hews Service files. May 1938. 57 Chronicle , 1911-20, passim ; Apr, 8, 1925; Dec. 9, 1931; 1935-37, passim ; Oct. 14, 1938. Alumni Register, Apr. 1920, p. 36. dS ; • iOTC 9jai»:'-r93 bmi aci ,^n«cr s-.':^-o ; , - ? ♦ ' - - ,:;r„. ^ , -.^-t) wqI 8 "ic ^al -Toda cs' -JBrf qi/of^ aril' asw baa "^^SSei to amiak 9di 3»¥ cft'IC dslat. T-; Tfoni '3ii«j ul i-ii'' 0a,aij'«, »J1 (w •1- a orl I su J. J i . li , H -1 i 1 9 G 27 Inetfldlation of the chapter and was its first fa^nilty adviser. The group's pro- gram Includes regular meetings to encourage the study of Spanish history and literature and tise of the language, and an annual (since 1936) puhlic Hesta of music, drama, declamations, and other entertainment. Since 1938 there has heen a subsidiary Spanish Club of elementary students. A Graduate English Club organized by students in the Department of 63 English was active in 1939-30 — three years after the establishment of the Grad.uate School of Arts and Sciences. It was evidently formed prior to May 30, 64 1928, when Omicron Beta chapter of Sigma Tau Delta, national professional 65 English fraternity, was established. The English Club has not had a lengthy continuous existence, but has been reorganized two or three times since 1930, 66 the last time on November 15, 1940. In 1879 the German linguist Johann Martin Schleyer proposed as an international language his recently- invented pasigraphy, Volapuk, By April of 1891 the proposal had reached Randolph County with such force as to initiate a Tolapuk Club at Trinity, ^"^ but the babbling infant organization evidently did not survive the trip to Durham the following year. The Archive stated this to be the first Volapuk Club in Horth Carolina. ^^Chronicle, Mar 19, 1930. °*See also Chapter 711 I. " "Chronicle , May 23, 1928. " "Chronicle , Nov. 19, 1940. ^ "^Archive, May 1891, p. 133. assd" ajsii ui i a W aJ Si '^ J , ... . J-rt iJ-tSt< li.-i t^ -^3 jiUi s-ii-ov: :->T' — ■^.->- '-.■^rN^.i .;,: rjT J.QC':;'- •V* ^o4^.-p/'f5 »,*«P <*■ OS 3JB uasc to J.. .jUrcpBloV .TJf ^:- :• ^ :+ * ■ T ? ri* 5K 'J'^ •'■'it J^^ do ■.«.... , - '? 11/ '.1.1 J ii ' I. <■ SOSTt 5-Wt Sc •iji'iiai i^co -jrfi 188 1 I'r', -F v' aui B/^.\"lL^ - ■: nl tfi' -loV :?3tlt «I* eo .iilV 'l<=>^'-,*i.i« .- W" ,1^31 i/^-i ,9vJ:::' 6*ooI - ,0X^1 anxri. at betavol , iolaoidZ ,csl3 9&? .".rr .'^lei Z:^ sauX. .eJclrrotrfO 29 did lay the foundations for studdat government by seeking to enlist the interest of the entire student "body in problems and programs affecting the whole comm\inity. It was primarily, however, a boosters' club, with a chamber-of-commerce sort of program. The Greater Duke Club amalgamated with the Men's Association early in the Fall of 1927. Immediate antecedent of student government was the Student Life Com- mittee, 1921-22, formed at the suggestion of Dean Wannamaker (see Chanticleer , 1921, 1922), This Committee, working through the Class of 1922, brought into being the Men's Association of Trinity College on May 9, 1922. (\fhile the official title is Men's Association of Trinity College, it is generally r ef erred to as Student Government Association — in newspaper style, SGA.) The Men's Association has concerned itself with such matters as: the holding (weekly when- ever there is a docket) of "rat coiirt," the sponsoring of one or two dances a year, presenting student petitions for extended vacations and other privileges, officially representing the student body on state occasions and at regional gatherings of collegians. It is encouraged to exercise as much disciplinary'- control over the life of undergraduate men as it can exercise effectively, and only major charges of misconduct are handled by the Dean. Verbal reports of student government officers over a period of ten years indicate that not more than three percent of undergraduate men have been called before the Council on charges of misconduct. "The penalty for conviction of major offences shall be expTilsion, save in mitigating circumstances," according to Section 4, Article V, of the Constitution (as revised and ratified February 9, 1939); but the Co-uncil's power is limited to recommending expulsion to the Dean. The recom- mendations of the CoToncil are nearly always followed. The Constitution ^Chronicle, Mar. 9, 1921; Apr, 6, 1921; May 10, 1922. »;:7 '.v^i'^T ;:.•■.■- ■^-r.-- ' ■■••5' ,T -_...-f^ ?■•* >? ;• 9i'.t •to^'/T loi^.-zco ' V iiJ. ^--1 . cfireo*:?- oor,'ft Tr. .9 .-s^jlL ;X-: 30 makes no epetific dletlnction between major and minor offenses, and the only offenses listed in the By-Laws are: "gambling and dznonkenness and other conduct that is unbecoming a gentleman," and "carelessly incurring debts."*' Dancing is the most generally accepted synonym for "social program" on college campuses nowadays. The Men's Association has felt responsible for having a social program for about a decade. It usually sponsors one or two dances for freshmen only, and since 1933 has given an annual Victory Ball in honor of the football squad, and a yearly Inaugural Ball since about 1930. The Association's revenue has been derived chiefly from the sale of freshman caps (dinks), upperclass students feeling little obligation to pay dues. Caps have been worn by first-year men since K30. Among other activities of the Associ- ation have been: instituting and occasional revival of "the honor system"; "cooperation conferences" with student government representatives of the Univer- sity of North Carolina, usually dtiring football season; conferences with the Union Manager for the purpose of improving dining hall service; establishing "dating bureaux"; raising funds for disaster victims, in cooperation with such agencies as the Red Cross; petitioning for changes in library hotirs, vacation schedules, examination dates; agitation for a Eecreation Center. The form and function of the Men's Association have changed periodically but not radically in the two decades of its existence. The original Constitution has been revised three times; May 26, 1931; March 8, 1934; and February 9, 1939, For eight years prior to 1931 the officers of the Association were President, Vice-President, and Secretary-Treasurer, elected for these particxilar offices in Constitution of the Men's Association of Trinity College, in The Duke Handbook , No. 15 (1940-41) , pp. 47- 51. By-Laws dealing with specific offenses have become more and more vague and general. In the original (1922) Constitution such things as playing musical instruments after 11 o'clock at night, shooting fireworks, cheating and lying, and mutilation of university property were proscribed. -.^-.M^r -trci^m ^/rft toUfrr n'?fl-^*ao noiioD.n?il :-ni6s; :):^(AJai -:,:.■> ;. ^ r ., -, . , . .^■vr^.^i .. r. .,. ,ib.0:- :r.:-'--.." ^:itcio^M ,i.V«>feX JwOv- >wi».«.o 4»..~— ^ji^cv- '^- ,- • . ..,r.,,^ .,-,.-. .:^c,ir?: ^.,,. r- ■Yc.i^.f,: ^Xdc ^liixl ?<^tl?*©^ »li.3i>irJs saalu^i^CiqiJ .(jaLolL) .-seJaeO act ^ i je^v^I. .loIi^ifuisaLf y,i-.:c -S-Xj-i/i JIB:, 3-;^;'j :o l -.• •j-'.ii- ,-Xt**ju^-?«>i-i:"-'.'/i--*-dio»i cc^ , :'• roT f--: ■•-r"-'?' »T .JiOOc ai .- .oh oio'o IX 31 general student balloting. IThe Student Council (seml-leglelatlve, executive, and Judicial all in one) consisted of the President, tvo additional seniors » two Juniors, one sophomore, one graduate student, and one faculty member (without ▼ote). The 1931 revision eliminated graduate and faculty representation, added as officers of the Association: two student members of the Council on Student Publications (Publications Board), the student membership of ^ich was elected by the Junior classes and the Councils of the Men's and Women's Associations; and the Cheerleader (u8\xally elected by acclamation in student assembly, after having voliinteered) . It also created a House of Hepresentatives, subordinate to the Student Council; the House membership consisting of the Vice-President emd the six students having the greatest number of votes in the general ballot- ing. The House was given "Jurisdiction over such cases as [were] delegated to it by the Student Council," and its only practical function was an attempt to curb unruly conduct in the dormitories. The revised Constitution also gave the House of Hepresentatives '*power to enforce its legislation by some organization deemed suitable by that body," but it soon proved unable to do much enforcing. The need for discipline in dormitories thus Ineffectively met, the Administra- tion was prompted to Inaugurate more strict supervisory measures, which in turn helped to bring about another revision of the Constitution, which was ratified March 8, 1934. This revision was one of several results of the student agitation of 1934 1933-34, a natural consequence of the institution's expansion. In the Revolt^ eight years following the founding of the University in 1934-25 the student body had increased from less than 1,200 to nearly 3,000, and the under- *Source of most information in this section is the printed report of CIRSA and Chronicle clippings assembled in the files of the University News Service. p w -• < -^■ t _^^j J 9il;t ai 29iov l:o - ^8=».ti>--rs* 8f{;f -^ntv^ri s^^caiwiia >£b eiij x>iUi ." , J 1101 . ' 1J—-L—. -f^^.-irr ^rf. , - ' ^,1 nfid* ssel moil xjaa^atoal bftri ^irJc ..,.--:^ 32 graduate men's division had doubled (790 to I486). Both in number and proportion, the influx of students from private preparatory schools and large (northern and north central) high schools had increased considerably "by 1933-34, and it was natural that advanced ideas about student freedom shoiild find expression at Duke. It was to have been expected, also, that powers of self-government granted to a few hundred students from small, second-rate high schools would he deemed re- strictive by students coming from more advanced preparatory institutions. The more unfettered and self-reliant element in college is usTially to he found in the social fraternities. It was at a meeting of the Fraternity Pan-Hellenic Council in Fehruary 1934 that this segment of the student body first gave loud expression to its desire for less strict oversight in extra-cTirricular phases (©f college life. This protest soon developed into what was kno\«i at the time as a "student revolt , " While expansion of the institution may thus he regarded as the chief factor in the background of the "student revolt," there were others worth men- tioning: the "Depression" was still a popular topic of conversation on and off caiapuses, and "griping" was the order of the day; the Class of 1934 was the first freshman class (of men) to live on the new University Canrpus; 1933 saw the inauguration of the "New Deal" in Federal government; Justin Miller was Dean of the School of Law, Ernest Seeman v/as head of the Duke University P^ess, and there were other "liberals" on the faculty — who left within a year or two; fiichard Austin Smith was aggressive editor of The Archive , L. H, Edmondson the adventurous head of The Chronicle , Joe Shackford the honest President of SGA, Pranklin D, Roosevelt had recently been inaugurated as President of the United States (for the first time), and one of the first pieces of "Hew Deal" legislation was that making the sale of light wines and beer legal throughout the nation. It was nattxral that this should have a direct effect upon the . , . . . ^ ,9'txX 6^eIXoo Ic ujj::o-, 33 Institution. Thirsty Duke students have found it convenient to frequent The Tavern of the Washington Duke Hotel, The Goody Shop, and other more-or-lees "wet spots" in and around Durham. Before the sale of hard liquors was legalized in Horth Carolina, in 1935, those with automobiles and dry throats occasionally went to South Boston and other southern Virginia towns to get legal liquor, or — perhaps less frequently — to Owlshoro (Durham County's Lehanon Township) to get bootleg homemade spirits. Since not all thirsty collegians coiild conveniently travel to these far oases, there began to develop a small campus traffic in booze. Dormitory matrons, maids. Janitors, and the campus police were instruc- ted to help discourage this illicit business by reporting to higher authorities the presence of intoxicants in the dormitories. All such employees had keys to students' closets as well as bedrooms. Whether from cxiriosity, natural diligence in duty, or their own weakness for wet goods, these workers began to be quite cooperative in reporting small caches of drink. So cooperative were they in this respect that a number of both undergraduate and graduate men were given inconvenience and embarrassment and calls from the Dean. Thus arose one of the several complaints aired diiring the Spring of 1934. At the Men's Junior Class meeting of October 9, 1933 (in the Biology Building) there was proposed a Student Eelatione Committee, with the broad gen- eraH purpose of obtainizig more freedom of action for undergraduates. Such a committee was organized diiring the ensuing month. It was perhaps the formation of this committee which inspired some one in the University community to write ^Chronicle . Oct. 11, 1933. g Chronicle , Nov, 15, 1933, gave the membership of the Student Relations Com- aittee as follows: Seniors Joe Shackford, Lou Ganz, Jim Otis and Jake Sullivan; Juniors Dick Smith, L. H. Edmondson, Martin Williams and Al Heichman; Sophomores Alexander Deemer and Julian Ewell; Preshmen Wade Marr and Alexander Copeland. vii^.^ic35oo a*3o-it{* ^ic £as -3«.Iiaofflo*x;a rlctiw aaod^ .356i c:i .Baiio-uiZ dizo\. lU I 01 Hi .i il '-. J v' "i noi *«n!if ,olotac': \'.j ' 34 a eatirical but not subtle little piece of drama titled "The Vision of King Faucus." This was distributed (throTigh the mails) early in November of 1933, and afforded some amusement throughout the community, but apparently none for the principals of the playlet — chief University officers. During the period between semesters, Kappa Alpha fraternity invited some freshmen to a dance. This was in violation of a fraternity Panr-Hellenic Council ruling, and the offending chapter was "tried" and heavily fined. The Council's decision was declared void by Dean Wannamaker. Whereupon, on the night of February 6, 1934, there was a meeting "precipitated by the intervention of the administration in a Fan-Hellenic matter. Infuriated by what was declared the ''monarchy" ofi the administration, men representing social and honorary frater- nities, publications, student government, and other student activities gathered in one of the dormitories and drew up a 'bill of grievances' for submission to the administration." A student mass meeting was held in the University Grymnaslum and the next student assembly was given over to reading and discussion of the 'bill of grievances,' and there was named a Committee for Investigation and Recom- mendation on Student Affairs (CIHSA), which made a report to the student body one month later. The committee was composed of: Edwin B. Abbott, Jack W. Dunlap, L. H. Edmondson, John M. Hamrick, Horace J. Hendrickson, James 0. Otis, Jr., Dr. Christopher Roberts, Joseph T, Shackford, Richard A. Smith, Jake W. Sullivan, Coach Wallace Wade, and Dr. Newman Ivey V/hite. There was some intimation, in North Carolina newspapers and in street-corner conferences, that the students' grievances had outside inspiration, but the Committee was "firmly convinced that the student movement was not instigated or influenced by parties outside the student body. " 7 Chronicle, Feb. 7, 1934. ^s ,j;>:J. -t )ln-:»IIsn-n?5i y..*Jtaia?.v't^i fi "^-.c uoxC:..Ci'/ iXi Sf f'i.-; f^: .ta ..tL ,9x;tO .0 esmel , . -- sostv:' ^T-ci-ffit ro^it.:: ■.■j-:i&3iie at baa e- ^alia ..j : 9l;is.ix;c :iSX' ■;iir:x tc c^jk,.,.. - •• ■ • ,<" ,69% ,©. 35 Revision of the Men's Association Constitution was one of six major recommendations of CIHSA. Other recommendations concerned: (l) the fining system, dormitory regulations, and University police; (2) student publications; (3) Fraternity Pan-Hellenic Council; (4) University Dining Halls, West Caiopus; and (5) University stores. Publications and fraternities are mentioned in other chapters; other items are briefly reviewed here. The chief proposal for chazige in the Men's Association concerned the House of Representatives. Many students thought that a larger House would mean more freedom for them, less strict supervision by the University authorities. It was proposed to have '*one representative from each dormitory house of Trinity College, including Epworth and Southgate Halls, to be appointed by the Student Coxmcil at the beginning of each academic year," making a total of some thirty representatives. The enlarged House of Representatives was to be set up only in the absence of a dormitory proctor system, proctors to be "unmarried members of the faculty or students of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences." A modification of the proctor plan had been instituted for freshmen in September 1933, when Kilgo House was made an exclusively freshman dormitory. This left only four of the upperclass undergraduate dormitory sections for non-fraternity men (though some non-fraternity men were housed in fraternity sections). All fraternities being represented on the Pan-Hellenic Council, the duties of which had become somewhat related to those of the Men's Association, there was no real need for such a House of Representatives, as was decided after one year. Student discipline, CIRSA concluded, was not a proper ftinction of the University Police, nor was it proper for Negro servants to be used as informers (i.e., maids and janitors should not report improprieties they noticed in the dormitories). Damages to University property should be assessed by a Committee of Inspection contposed of the Superintendent of Buildings, the University Hostess, Ti. Jtu-.V'ioa c ■ 'ion eSO-tJ-O- ^c^xp'i ■''^ 36 md th0 President of the Men's Association, this committee to inspect every room for the pxirpoee of assessing damages twice each semester. Dormitory discipline was to be encouraged hy a proctor system, proctors to he appointed hy the Dean of the University. (Proctors were not appointed, and the House of Representatives was enlarged — for one year.) Unorganized athletic activities should he permitted on Sunday afternoons, CIBSA also concluded. Since their opening in 1930 the University Dining Halls (West Caucus) had provided a favorite cud for students to chew in bull sessions. (Complaints have been rare concerning Woman's College Union, where prices are higher and service different.) The next most popular "gripe" has been the University Stores. 3oth are monopolies and both (according to student opinion) have been operated as purely commercial enterprises, with profit the primary object; both are gen- erally thought to realize considerable net profits. CIE^ recommended that financial statements of both departments be published annually in !Che Chronicle . (This was one of the recommendations not carried out.) It was also recommended that the Men's Association each year appoint a committee to "receive and investi- gate complaints concerning the dining halls," and that another committee be appointed to investigate "the feasibility of forming a Student and Paculty Co- operative Society for the purpose of running the University Stores co-operatively." (These were among other recommendations soon forgotten.) Study emd observation of student life suggests the conclusion that not 1939 more than two or three times in a decade does a class, as a whole, Revision distinguish itself for civic enterprise. Such distinction, the oppor- txinlty for such a group to so distinguish itself, results from a combination of o In addition to sources already cited. Time , Peb. 19, 1934. The entire 1933-S4 volume of The Chronicle is evidence of wide-awake student leadership. ••'-, «,'.'•. Hr- ^^-t'l.":-- ,7Citr' ""^aJIc ■o.rtl'r.f^-'>i':"5 '♦•t-^'T 3«©d" «v,sa - j-r. 7^- c r-» -^ 'Ti'«T,~--f«^^ -ji0 ..-.Iciaoii-'. ^'flT at vj.< ^*otf ^0 s:»fleffi©^A;J8 iBiooJUii'i 'to not*' r , ot n^tiTiyCiiietb ce oi cxct? a dora lot ^*i:xu;* -see I 37 conditions. This, together with — but perhaps more than — the personal character- istics of its leaders, e^q^lains the prominence of the Class of 1939, which in several respects (and especially in regard to self-government) was the most out- standing class since 1934. The 1938-39 student government was to a large degree perfunctory, or so it seemed to most undergradiiate men. Its outstanding project was the fostering of student interest in a proposed recreation Milding, intended game rooms in the Union Building having been diverted to more -urgent ^:^es. Chief complaint of student civic leaders ( spairk-plugged by The Chronicle ) was "politics." An outgrowth of the 1933^34 "revolt" had been revision of the system of election 9 of members and officers of the Fraternity Fan-Hellenic Council, in 1936-37. Thus "politics" had been "eliminated" from the "Pan-Hel"; the Y. M, C. A. had taken the cure in 1936-37 also. Now it was time for the Men's Association. The terms government and politics are very closely related on American college campuses as well as in the broader political sphere, and the unsavory inflection and cozmotation of the latter term had come to be almost as notice- able on the Duke campuses as at a typical rally of Young Democrats. The strong- est and best qualified students were seldom elected to the top positions. They weren't even candidates; they ran the machine. One of the least succulent political plums within reach of a Duke undergraduate man was the presidency of the Men's Association, There was no salary; though, as in all political jobs, there was opportunity for graft, "honest" and otherwise. Altruistic aspirants to the position— some of them had been elected— became candidates because of the honor; practical, materially-minded candidates considered the "honorarium." ^This legislation was known as "The Oillander Act," after Robert C. Oillander, Sigma Chi, who proposed the change. See also Chapter VII; Chronicle , Mar, 9, 1937. See Chapter IV. at <—rt ■- ilv (1 ;. ( 1 , ,,-) ■' \ .T,-. -tiPS r .^ 'to «oxo & (ji !C eil « :ft ( VT- n- ■■' S £f •Oi-. CCJ ^i afl -T x6 h 1.-^ .■ : -J <-:^;f .-,■•,•* r,-\-a':;i'rO'tft'J J' '^i^'i-y'- .■ii:i^■'■: :,v-ri . r---- <. .-:t rr'--'; t., ja-*-.! ' 1 oC s.-'trnf -r^'- . 98 9^^ ,tr.£'' i:).tiotd9 :^ BZ9it't\t tan -■-■ i e« ■ t^ =*'"^ *C' S'-'iSiai' :I.id asr^-' 'jr-m tc"? rfrmrrrr >?9*' *t .P*i6I e:>' -rrtTr flt-««y; latov- . ^a oJ e z,J.':::&ii\r.- " »<»" _! ■<•(" •;i2i 3<<."i&;^ diil .xs»»{, 39 The 1939 change in the Constitution of the Men's Association was "brought BiboMt in practically the same manner as the "elimination of politics*' in the Y. M. C. A. and the Pan-Hellenic Council. Departing somewhat from the usual custom of candidates for the position, Richard (^. Lewis, successful Blue candidate for head of student goyerzunent in 1938-39, had made some definite cam- paign promises regarding reforms in Men's Association elections and election campaigns. The unsuccessfxil White Combine had strong leadership, and decided to see that the SGA kept its campaign promises. This decision resulted in one of the most interesting years of the decade, from the standpoint of student poli- tics. Almost immediately after his induction, President Lewis called a Constitu- tional Convention at undergraduate assembly on May 5, 1938, at which amendments were passed providing universal suffrage (payment of dues had been prerequisite to voting) and cancelling the nomination of any candidate "if the Council finds the candidate guilty of being backed for office by a combine as hereinunder defined: A combine is any combination of organizations or any group of men organized for the purpose of backing any candidate for a Men's Student Govern- ment Association position by means of reciprocal voting." The student body was evidently in favor of these changes, but the White Combine leaders Interpreted it as merely a side-tracking tactic, since several other campaign promises were not mentioned. Chronicle Editor Roosevelt Der Tatevaslan, a chief supporter of unsuccessfiil White candidate Garfield Miller against Lewis, vigorously supported the Southgate (Engineering) students in their attempt to place a representative on the Student Council. This had been a Blue campaign promise, but when a vote on the issue was forced in the Pall of 1938, Southgate was refused representation. This gave Editor Der Tatevaslan, the Engineers, and their supporters the excuse they wanted to put SGA on the griddle. Nearly four months of prodding resulted in the revised Constitution of February 9, 1939. osr'B ,^i*J^I .p fct : io ocJei/o - to ;t r, -^^l: ad«(S lo (yt/o-JS; 'vX"> 10 3^ci^^«. in U J «>>M .?r/.? -> ^ri* •.- 2i 3.xic <^-rr ^ ■ lo^f r•^f■ ■. ""r^ / r:ot;t^.lr;<^-?*A :trT*ff s« H . fc?!frc.t^n flJii.;. ij[;i;^'yv^33-y.ii ;-il5 aXJ. ■^'.f-f.. >v-'> nft ; :,'J 30 ^^iis: .edSi 40 The 1934 Constitution was definitely out of date,Bome of its provisions having been ohserved only in the breach — which condition, incidentally, has obtained with reference to seversd provisions of the 1939 Instruinent. The adoption of the new Constitution was reported for the Durham Morning Herald of Pebruaiy 10, 1939, as follows: Fewer than six percent of the members of the Men's Student Govern- ment association of Trinity college (composed of all undergraduate men at Duke university) last night adopted a new constitution for self- government. The instrument was drafted by three members of the student government coiincil, with the aid of Dr. Robert S, Rankin, of the politi- cal science department. It was adopted by sicclamation on a motion by Roosevelt Der Tatevasian, at a constitutional convention in Page audi- torium, attended by 83 students and presided over by Richard C^. Lewis, president of the association. The drafting committee was cos^osed of E. T. Baker, III, senior of Baltimore, Md., Ted Brown, Jackson Heights, N. Y. senior, and John L. Shinn, Junior of Sylacatiga, Ala. Among the chief provisions of the revised constitution are the following; "All candidates whose petitions are accepted x x x will be obliged to pass an examination on the Constitution x x x and general parliajnentairj'- law." Sxaminations are to be given by a committee com- posed of facility members in the department of political science and the School of Law. Barnes of candidates for office will be announced only one day before election [registration] date. "Election for executive offices on the Student Co\incll shall be conducted under the preferential system," Thus, the candidate receiv- ing the highest number of votes will be declared president; the can- didate receiving the second highest number, vice-president; the can- didate receiving the third highest number, secretary-treasurer. The adoption of the preferential system of balloting is expected to "make it difficult for fraternities to bargain for top student government offices" and to help "eliminate politics" from elections. It is aimed specifically at the suppression of fraternity "combines." For several years fraternities have been the controlling groups in student government elections, and have been almost as potent in class, publications, Y. M. C. A. and other elections. "Politics" was eliminated from Y. M. C. A. elections three years ago by a one-day eimouncefflent provision like that in the student government instrument adopted last night, and provision for nomination of candidates in a manner somewhat similar to that under the new constitution. vr re •"^r*^ '^. =0 ct Syr" * waai^j.'o'o r . T <■«','? ' .■tfl«m v;a Jl .- •ii' .xiottsiooa: i J.V/ i^«lC X >• ^ V 15cf 'vfi-^ _ — -acJ<»v &iCiu '^xTjji..- o-ini; -iq laffiic ;0 1C iiCi^ilO..; -JiTCl r5i» ittL 42 differed from their pre-1939 counterparts in that they (assertedly) gave full puhlicity in The Chronicle to their vote-getting activities. B. Other Men's Oroups Men's organizations which have heen fostered hy and associated with the Men*s ABSociation are Beta Omega Sigma and the Trident Cluh. BOS (sometimes referred to as "Bloody Order of Sophomores") was founded in 1917 as an honorary fraternity of outstanding sophomores — elected at the end of their freshman year. Most of its members, incidentally or not, have first heen elected to membership in social fraternities. •*• The Trident Club was formed in May of 1933 and was active through the Pall of 1934.^^ It was a sort of boosters' club, its main function being the sponsoring of displays, sideline attractions and other acti- vities in connection with football games. It sponsored the first Victory Ball (football dance) in December 1933; this annual function hsis since been performed by the Men's Association. The Freshman Advisory Council was begun in 1937-38 as a project of the Y, M. C. A., with Charles W. McCracken, senior from Ardmore, Fa., being the most active stimulator. He was its first chairman. The group numbered 64 mem- bers (upperclass Tindergraduates and graduate students) in 193&-39, and 94 in 1939<^0. The 7AC has worked in close cooperation with the Dean of Freshmen and with the housemasters of freshman dormitories. Donald 7. Hirst — who with William R. Nesbitt, succeeded McCracken — is due much credit for the good foundation of tthe Council; under his direction the Men's Association and the Fraternity Pan- ^^See Chapter VIII. 12, Chronicle, May 24, 1933. .•>iV 43 Hellenic Council Joined with the Y. M. C. A. in sponeoring and financing the CoTincil. The purpose of the Freshman Advisory Council is to provide con- tacts for all incoming freshmen with a select group of upperclassmen and grad-uate students in order (1) to aid each freshman in his trans- ition from secondary school to college life, (2) to give him specific, accurate, and authoritative information ahout the University, (3) to help him plan and establish good habits of study and play, and (4) to instill right attitudes of caucus life and conduct, x x x which are conducive to the formation of individual character, self-reliance, humanity, and social responsibility — to the end that these may become the traditional inheritance of every Duke man.^'' The 7AC has a Governing Board, consisting of the Chairman and past-Chairman of the Council, the Director of Eeligious Activities, the Dean of Freshmen, the Chairman of the Freshman Housemasters, Presidents of the Men's Association, Fraternity Pan-Hellenic Council, and 7. M. C. A., and President of the Freshman Class. C. Student Government, Women's There are several points of difference between the student governments of Trinity College and Woman's College, the most outstanding being that, whereas the fraternities virtually control the Men's Association, the Womem's College Government has control over practically all women's groups, including sororities. Such differences are to be expected from the inherent dissimilarities of men and women and the consequently diverse details of administration required in Trinity College and Woman's College. Woman's College Government has not been as highly centralized as the Men's Association, but has exercised more direct power over ^^Second Annual Report of the Freshman Advisory Council, 1939. Mimeographed. adi ict liOilL ^r i.T^'--*2 44 extra-curricular activities and has appropriated to itself wider jurisdiction than has the men's government. The Men's Association had its origin in a civic, semi-governmental hody, the Grreater Trinity Club. The Sorority Pan-Hellenic Coiuicil, established in 191S, was perhaps the only organization preceding the Women's Student (Jovernment which might appropriately have interested itself in the self-government of Trinity women. The number of undergraduate women had gradually increased from 18 in 1900 to 100 in 1918. In September 1917 the Young Women's Christian Association had been organized, and had gained the active support of a substantial majority of women students with its war-time program of Hed Cross sewing, War Savings and Liberty Bond campaigns, and other projects. The Women's Student Government was founded in the Fall of 1918, under the direct sponsorship of the Y, W. C. A., after a study of several student governments in other parts of the nation. Ruth Willard Merritt, senior from Norlina, who had been one of the leaders in its establishment, was named first president. Sy 1923-34 the number of undergraduate women had increased to 268, the craze called Jazz had reached Trinity, advertisers of cigarettes were beginning to appeal to women, beauty parlors were increasing in poptilarity, and there was felt a need for strengthening the government. The Constitution was revised that year, under the direction of Nora C. Chaff in. President. In 1932-33 (the third year of Woman's College), as result of efforts of the League of Women Voters, there was a revision in the system of elections for the purpose of "eliminating politics. "^^ There was further revision in 1934-35.^^ ^^See Chapter IT. ^^Chronlcle, Mar. 14, 1934. ^^Chronicle, Mar, 1. 1935. L-^u'-g- -. l^iX .XtHA \ -^ -r ■..■+"« %1 -'Wli :;- rt-7 i *o - lie ejifiiv;^;^ 'i*jy ,aiiiweB a^cxv Ls, .6•' •^'- ■ lo acii: , r-f ■ ■ ■ ; ^ 1 lU -!.•- - \ ■tse%~:i' ■ •il i^i iill^CxC^ZL3^7 . .-"--3 , - , , .''YiJ.-.-.. , ■ r »ri* lo :Iqt08i VI -TCS'^ ■ .sni^illoj s'sscio'-C; ,tir.-;.'-36X ,:ic 46 student organizations, and several members of the administrative staff — "to hold discussion and to make recommendations . . . and in general to influence public opinion in favor of all measures or movements that are designed to uphold the standards of scholarship and conduct and to foster loyalty to the ideals of 18 Duke University," The system of elections is the model after which the Men's Association's revision of 1939 was patterned. A difference is that the Dean of Woman's College approves nominations. By making itself usef\il and by using the powers delegated to it by the Administration, Woman's College Government has merited the respect and support of its constituency. Not only does it command respect for itself; it encourages support of other student organizations. Through its "campus" power, it has the authority to force payment of dues to other student organizations, a service v&ich many men's organizations would welcome from their government. Throxigh the Forum Committee it sponsors a series of lectures and concerts by outstanding personalities each year. Through the Social Standards Committee it instructs and supervises all students in the numerous details of gracious social relation- ships. Through the Points System it attempts to equalize opportunity for leader- ship by limiting the number of positions in extra/- cur ricular activities to be held by any student. Some of the other activities of Woman's College Government correspond to those of the Men's Association. Following are some typical head- lines from The Chronicle of the last decade: "Women to Seek Longer Christmas Vacation Period" "WSGA Passes New Regulations to Curb Cheating" "Duke Coeds Donate $60 for Paralysis Appeal" "Coed SGA Alters New Dance Ride" 1 ft ■^ "Student's Handbook of Information , op.cit., p. 37. 19 To be "campus sed" is to be denied the privilege of leaving the college grounds. 3.+ 1 Ic -v; s^- ^ ^ - <^^ Ld. 47 D. Related Women's Groups Woman's College Government has fostered the estahlishment of several other organizations of undergraduate women, some of which are subsidiary to it. The Town Girls' Club was founded December 3, 1927 in order to give non-resident students representation in student government. It has practically the same status as a dormitory organization, A study room for Tov/n Girls is provided in Faculty Apartments Building. The Presidents' Club was organized in May 1935*^ and was part of WSG until it was succeeded in March 1938 by the Executive Co-oncil of Presidents. Its chief function was the arranging of the calendar of events to avoid serious conflicts* The Presidents' Club succeeded the Student Board of the Woman's College Government, set up before 1932. Sandals, honorary sophomore sorority, was organized by WSG in May of 22 1932. It is in many respects similar to Beta Omega Sigma, honorary sophomore fraternity. Its chief functions have been assisting at student government meet- ings (paging, collecting ballots, etc.), supervising the Ark as a recreation center, assisting the "Y" and other organizations in orienting first-year students, A yearly project of each group of Sandals has been to add some specific improve- ment to the Ark. The organization has cooperated with B.O.S. in giving dances and other social programs. Its membership U8\ially consists of 20 students chosen at the end of the freshman year.^"^ ^Chronicle , Dec. 7, 1927. ^ ^ Chronicle , May 14, 1935, ^ ^Chronicle . May 25, 1932. 23 Evelyn Van Sciver. Sketch in News Service files, 1938. ■ IC '. ' vrfof. .±U. 48 j-unior Big Sisters served In cooperation with the student government from the introduction of the idea at Trinity ahout 1920^ until 1936-37 when its function was delegated to Freshman Advisers, ^ a group of upperclass vomen which succeeded Personal Advisers, a loosely-knit faculty-student group which existed for a short while dxaring the Fall of 1933.^^ B. Other Organizations The institution's courses in Political Science (first known as Political Economy) have had good reputation since 1902, when Dr. W. H. Glasson hegan the first class. However, among students there has not been enough extra-curricular interest in political science to sustain for a very great length of time a club for the study of this and related topics. The earliest recorded organization of this kind was the Current Topics Club, organized in November 1898. It was short- lived, evidently. On October 9, 1926, Athena and Brooks Literary Societies combined to 28 form a chapter of the League of Women Voters, a national organization. This group was active for a number of years in stimulating interest in local (campus) as well as national political problems; it was revived in the Spring of 1933, and ceased functioning in 1936-37. ^Ch ronicle , Sept. 14, 1921. Since 1939 known as Freshman Advisory Council, but not to be confused with the men's Freshman Advisory Council, pp. 42-43. ^ ^ Chronicle , Sept. 14, 1933. 27 Catalogue, 1900-01, p. 90. Also mentioned as Current Events Club, ^^ Chronicle, Oct. 13, 1926; Mar. 1, 1933, p. 7. iii^ ■ilstjCif r; .1 [j; ~, . g -3 ;^ .'D-£.W Q: 0« rtr es«i "to ix -uir -D-"?.^on Ir^D^rf.EJ':^ ni 7 ^r ift^i-jl ',■ d t;- Nvi ■pro; ;i:tr ;-:iX; Jx ;:^ir.9loci^ .Tr-ocei Qdi 9 '■€■ ,i>«viJ * » « ' , t , -00*^ X ,n.. 49 A history somewhat paralleling that of the League of Women Voters, but 29 of longer duration, is that of the Polity Club, organized November 8, 1928. ^^ The Carnegie Foundation donates considerable amounts of literature on international relations to college societies organized for the purpose of studying political science and history in relation to the furthering of international good will. The Polity Club has been affiliated with the Carnegie Foundation on this basis, and during the last dozen years has received numerous volumes, which in turn have been deposited in the University Library. The club was dormant from 1935 to 1938; then it was strong for two years under the leadership of Joe Tally. In 1939-40 it Joined the University Lectures Committee in sponsoring several addresses and for\im8 on the subject of the European situation. In 1940-41 it conducted two or three campus polls on topics of major world interest. A round-table discussion on "Americanism" was another featxzre of the 1939-40 program; it was broadcast over the Ihirham radio station, "^^ What promises to be an outsteuidlng accomplishment of the Polity was 31 establishment of the Student Congress, organized March 19, 1940. The original Intention was that the Congress should become an euijunct of the Men's Association, and some progress has been made in that direction. At its Initial meeting, com- mittees were named for investigations and reports on men's student government, inter-campus relations, and Union food. These committees made reports, and were instructed to continue their investigations; this was in the latter part of April, and since no reports came from the committees it is taken that approaching exam- inations killed Interest in these projects. The chief project of 1940-41 was to ^ ^Chronicle , Nov. 14, 1928. ^ ° Chronicle , 1939-41, passim, ''^Chronicle, Mar. 19, 1940. o.ii ."^v+t^ tt^ n i^- "Vv u ojKiO.*/JoC 'iw iJ*jt' V •*• t '**• , .f ': ; i;on35A 8' ,-.J. ■fi*^f^ j^p ftij' o;J je- rrl '^ 50 raise $2000 for a mobile kitchen for British war victims; about $800 was raised. The following statement of aims and organization of the Student Congress is from The Chronicle of October 18 , 1940 : The purpose of the Student Congress shall be to provide a forum to express and crystalize xmdergraduate opinion on issues of general ■university interest, and to act in an advisory and axixiliary capacity to the administration, faculty and campus organizations. All undergraduates of Duke University shall be members. . . , Membership bears the right to vote. Meetings shall be open to the public, but only undergraduates shall have the right to vote, , , , There shall be a steering committee composed of all elected officers in addition to seven appointed by the president from a panel of fifteen nominated by the assembly. . . . The steering com- mittee may refuse to call for a vote upon a resolution if they find that the vote wo\ild not be representative of undergraduate opinion. On October 10, 1929 was formed the Liberal Club, which sponsored campus appearances of Herman Thomas (perennial Socialist candidate for President of the United States) and other liberals, until 1933-34, when the group succxunbed to gentle conservative pressure. No specific information as to the membership and leadership of the group has been found. Of a somewhat similar nature was the Americem Student Union, pinko- liberal national organization which established a chapter at Duke in November 1936. The Union was active for about a year, during which time it sponsored one or two exhibits of student art, and a three-day Peace Conference (April 22-25, 1937) at which U. S, Senator Gerald P. Nye of North Dakota spoke — the conference being sponsored also by the Y. M. and Y. W. C. A.s, men's and women's student governments. School of Heligion Association, Undergraduate Ministerial Fellowship, ^^Chronicle, Dec. 3, 1930; Mar. 11, 1931; Oct, 16, 1929. A/Dis»4* f «i.w X Nitifi* ^ w J>* «»-«^J>-<-^ ^.. J w^ ■'■ I :t.;.:V7 ^8 lo •i. 51 Methodist Students* Association, Student Volunteers, Colum'bia Literary Society, and Hesperian Union. It also proposed investigations of such things as campus monopolies (stores, haberdashery, dining halls), National Youth Administration, and working conditions of University employees. The ASU at Duke, as elsewhere, attracted liberals and ultra-liherals. A part of its program had the flavor of outside inspiration. It was not encouraged by the Administration. It ceased during 1937-38.^^ During the national political campaign of 1936 the American Liberty League was a strong political force, often associated in popular tho\ight with the unsuccessful Republican Party. Much literature was circulated on the cam- puses by the organization, and a formal organization was proposed but never established. In somewhat the same category — of a general political nature, yet dealing with a specific campaign — was the Schola Caveat of 1926. This was the name assumed by a group of some 300 students in ^rll 1926 for the purpose of protesting impending legislative restrictions on education in North Carolina. Similar groups were formed at other colleges in the State, but evidently none survived the summer vacation.'^ A military and quasi-political organization of 1918 took the name Autocracy Smashers. "^^ It left no record of specific activity. Almost with the regularity of national political campaigns. Democratic and Eepubllcan clubs have appeared on the campuses since Trinity College moved ''"Sheldon Harte, Class of 1937, one of the founders of the Duke chapter, later became a secretary-bodyguard to Leon Trotsky, famous exiled Bolshevist, and was killed near Mexico City, S^chronicle, May 12, 1926. 35 Victory, the 1918 editfccn of The Chanticleer. <.i T f rf I r- ' iJt» ,y.' C J'X* ;.i.:i-i i aai . ■■■zr>iz. 52 to Durham. Two months seems to have been a long life-span for such groups. Sometimes they have heen known as Democratic or Hepuhllcan clubs » sometimes by the names of the leading candidates. Thus The Chronicle has recorded: Democratic Club, 1892 and 1940; Republican Club, 1932 and 1940; Bryan-Kern Club (D) , 1908; Woodrow Wilson Club (D) , 1912; Harmon-for-President Club (R) , 1912; Gardner-for- Governor Club (D), 1920; Page-f or -Governor Club (D) , 1920; Pritchard-Parker Club (R), 1920; Hoover Club (R), 1928; Al Smith Club (D) , 1928.^^ ^^Chronicle, Feb. 21, 1912; Oct. 11. 1916; Nov, 15, 1916; Mar. 10, 1920; Mar. 24, 1920; Oct, 10, 1928; Oct. 17, 1928; Oct. 19, 1932; Oct, 21, 1908. Also see Archive, June 1892, p. 382. •■ r • r : ' '.y fyf ^v.^r^ v^a'* . ^o ; ; Chapter IV BELIGIOUS GROUPS Religion made firm the foundation of Trinity College's earliest pre- decessor institution, Union Institute, and it has "been a potent factor in the history of Duke University. The predecessor institution was founded "by the Union Institute Educational Society, a coalition of Methodist and Quaker con- gregations at Trinity, N, C, in 1838 (recorded in the Agtohiography of Brantl e y York , page 46), Religious training was considered an integral part of college education, so that when the institution adopted a motto, "Eruditio et Religio" was chosen. Under Brantley York and Braxton Craven the institution was, in a real sense, a religious society. John Franklin Crowell was also a religious man, tho\igh he was noted first for his training and ability in the field of education, with emphasis on science (later as an economist), A year after Crowell 's election to the presidency, the Yotrng Men's Christian Association, a world-wide organization founded in 1844, established a branch at Trinity; this was in the Fall of 1888. The piirpose of the Duke "Y" as expressed in the present Constitution is perhaps the same as it was in 1888: 1. To lead students to faith in God as revealed in Jesus Christ. 2. To lead them into membership and service in the Christian Church. 3. To promote their grov;th in Christian faith, especially through prayer and the study of the Bible. ^ALumni Register, Feb. 1931, Dec, 1932. Binr 1 • i.'".r.L '^r.r di; i'cei r> ; ■ r' ic-. -i.r ;^ ;><.;&; ;7 3.' .-= f:--r>: -» 54 4. To influence them to derote themselves in united effort with all Christians to the making of the will of Ood effective through- out the whole world. 5. To promote wholesome social relations in Duke Uniyersity. Tor many years the chief function of the T« M. Co A* was that of a sort of Bible class, but its program has changed with time; being gradually broadened, until the 1938*39 "7" was accused of "usurping the powers of the Student Goyemment Association."^ It was about 1915 that the 7. M. C, A. began changing from a purely deyotional organisation to one of campus seryice. Its functions now include the maintenance of a reading room in the Union Building, sponsoring the annual Dad's Day and Heligious Emphasis Week obseryances (with the financial support of the TJniyersity) , assisting in the orientation of first-year students, giving occasional dances called "Open Houses," sponsoring boys' clubs in Durham graded schools. Troa 1931-33 to 1937-38 the annual series of "7" Tuesday Evening Recitals was an iiaportcmt part of the eaatpus entertainment program. Outstcunding young professional musicians, visiting college glee clubs, and other musical ensembles were presented in admission-free programs. The series was discontinued in 1937-38. Since about 1930 the University has appropriated $170 a year for steno- graphic help. Until 1934 this expropriation was designated for expenses in con- nection with the "7" Employment Service; since then there has been no need for a "7" EiBployment Service, what %rith ITTA and other forms of student self-help being handled by University offices. The 7, M. C> A. is supported by donations (called pledges) from stu- dents, faculty members, and others in the University community. It also received ^Chronicle, Dec. 9, 1938. . I .i<5"V i.:*al 55 $700 to $800 a year from Qjoadrangle Pictures, the caiopus moTie, dorlag the period from 1928 to 1939; "Qjoadrangle " va«» nominally, operated by the 7. M. C« A. during that period. The "T" budget for 1940-41 was more than $2,800, the largest in the organization's history. Since the t^irersity Campus was occupied in 1930, the i*7" has had its office over the arcade coxmecting the Union with the dormitory section. While there has nerer been a full-time secretary, J. Foster Barnes, who in 1927 was engaged as Director of Social and Musical Actiirities, shares the office and is an ez officio member of the Soard of Directors; he serves in the capacity of adviser in practically all phases of the organisation's work. ▲bout 1930 was organized the first Freshman Friendship Council of the T. M. C, A. In 1933 was begun the Sophomore Council. These groups are now organized each year, for the training of workers for the senior council or cabinet . Mu^ Dependable records concerning the T. M, C* A* are less coaplete than T.y.C.A. ^1^8® concerning the 7* W. C. A. The women's association was organized September 22, 1917, at the suggestion of President Few. At that time there was only one Woman's Building on the caatpus, which is the Infirmary today. Of the c^proximately two hundred girls only twenty lived on the caa^us. There was no dean, no women faculty members, and no [student] organization except literary societies and three sororities. Since in 1917 almost half of the men students of Trinity College had gone to war and more were leaving all the time, the girls were anxious to have some part in the affairs of the day. The national 7oung Women's Christian Association was a leader in war work, and this aroused the Interest of the girls to organize a similar Institution on their own caiopus. Dr. W. W, Peele, who was in charge of the religious activities of the school, met %rith a group of girls who lived in the Woman's Building, and they decided to organ- ize. Instead of getting in touch with the national office, the girls started off on their own. Mrs. Arthur Gates, Mrs. W. H. aiasson, Dr. H. E. Spence, and Dr. W. W. Peele were asked to be members of the Advisory Committee. (•■'j-YOff! sr a*l si < I .S^rftoO- rtO^th ^£fJ -Tl ■zl tcl *r ai»w g£.^i:m«C Lsote f*^.. .r.!" *0 XXL^s- i«C;';'I. tUQX • .1 0# SStl BO 'i^c^J.i^,"-tt'-, .c aiij as -i:o ^>b^3T« a£ic fare ©att^c i levoa sail ei- i>d# le ~-?^ er-J 1 S:ISJ -rol ^•1:^r: iloX-S i-OJ; A <. * * m »^ ■'.'-■'T: 3-S; V ••• .-IJ-i-ri •'::u.J% Jbiie aj&w «i»ri^ e <*(f o^ Sj. .1CiJ6^" 56 An afternoon neeting wa« called, and the toim girls were invited. About one hundred girls Joined the organization. Someone then got in touch with the national office and the Trinity College group hecaae officially a part of the national T. W. C. A. With Lucille Litaker as the first president, the actual work was hegon. The Trinity girls in this group did war work (such as making Red Cross bandages), settlement work, gave a Christmas party for a group of underpriyileged children, started a gym class, helped with the Stu- dent Friendship Fond, had the State Cabinet Training Council to meet on the Trinity campus, had a cea^nival and sent repre sen tat ires to the "Y" conferences at Blue Eidge.3 The present membership of the T* W* C. A« is some 400, about half the student body at Woman's College. The organization has concerned itself less with general eaarpus politics than has the 7. M. C. A. Its projects include: hospital visiting, assisting the Administration during Treshman Week, posting bulletins, assisting in the Legal Aid Clinic, supenrising girls* clubs in Durham city schools, work- ing at King's Doubters Home and Wright Refuge, an annual Christmas x>arty for underprivileged children. Thanksgiving dinners for needy families. The Freshman Commission and Sophomore Commission, instituted about 1935, have functions similar to the related bodies of the T. Mo C* A. Freshman Advisers (see p. 48, ante) were first organized in 1934 by the "TW"; and the Women's Athletic Association was established with aid of the "T" in 1929.^ Before Trinity College moved to Durham, the 7* M. C* A. , which existed for four years at '*01d Trinity," served the puspose of a Bible, or Sunday School, class* It continued this function for several years after the move to Durham. Students were encouraged, and expected, to attend Durham churches and Sunday Schools, however; so that there was felt no great need for Bible classes until ^elen Saleeby. Sketch in Hews Service files, dated Nov. 20, 1937. 4 Chronicle. Mar. 5, 1930. ,3|iSi# i a/' or. ^ki f./i . t. -o ,t,^. tii^jinac: III "T" 'Sri* ■ujci 57 the Ualverelty occupied the new caopus, in the Fall of 1930, farther remoTed from the city. Dr. C. VT. Peppier taught a boys' Bible class in the early 1920*8. and Mrs. William J. H. Cotton, wife of a faculty member in the Department of Economics , was teacher of a girls* class at about the same time. In the Fall of 1930 was instituted the Open Forum Bible Class, under the superrision of H. J* Herring, Dean of Men.^ !Fhe class, which has no regular roll, meets at 9:30 o'clock Sunday mornings in Tork Che^el. Dean Herring or some other faculty member usually speaks. I!hi8 is the only Bible class with a continuous existence of any considerable length. At about the time of its beginning, or perhaps a year later, was instituted the Law School Bible Class, conducted by Professor Malcolm McDerBiott of the law faculty. It was discontinued in 1933-34. Mrs* C* W. Peppier was for some yeeurs teacher of a girls* class at Duke Memorial Methodist Church; most of the members (there were 100 at one time) were college students. About 1933, the college students decided to have a class on the campus and I [writes Mrs. Peppier] agreed to teach them. Due to interest in the Duke [TftLiversity Chapel] choir and means of getting to West Csuopus, and several other causes, there seemed no place for a real S. S* class and so, about 1935, we disbanded.^ In November 1930 was begun an Engineers* Forum, led by Dr. Mason Crum. That was the first year engineering students had a separate dormitory (Southgate); The group met on Stmday afternoons for a few months. ^Chronicle , Oct, 29, 1930. ^Mrs, Charles W. Peppier. Letter in Hews Service files, j^r. 16, 1938. 7 'Chronicle, Dec. 3, 1930. .T.. mutiny .s-xH baa } :> fi ^: '• f'i * S f-ti':: ^ '■■ ') I'.- 'liT'^S' ,>,aiTX«H .^ at: dx ai. .&*■•! j/ci.?;- COS "". f a-fC^W .8? 58 At least el^t raliglona denominations ha-re organized student clubs since the founding of Duke TAiirereity, in 1934. From 1856, when ownership and control of the institution was given to the Horth Carolina Conference of the Methodist Spisc^al Church, South, until Decemher 29, 1924, when the conditions of the Indenture of Trust founding Duke University were accepted ty the Trustees, the institution was definitely a Methodist school. Members of other denomina- tions sent their sons and daughters, of course, but the student body (as well as the faculty) was predominantly Methodist. Such being the case, there %rais no need for a club of Methodist students, and there were perhaps too few students of any other denomination to form a strong group — at least during most of this period. Since 1924 there have been formed clubs of students belonging to the following denominations: Baptist, Catholic, Christian Scientist, l^iscopal, Hebrew, Lutheran, Methodist, and Presbyterian. The first of these, according to available records, was the Baptist Student Union, which formed a grorxp in January a 1930, revived in 1934-35. There has been an Episcopal Vestry since about 1933, if not earlier. The Catholic Students' Club (in some colleges known as Hewman Club) wa« begun at about the same time. Methodists and Christian Scientists were first organized in 1935-36, according to best available information. The Luther League probably antedates these two by a year or more. The Christian Scientists, Catholics and Lutherans — each having only one main congre^tion in Durham — have appeared to be more active among students than the denominations having several congregations. The Episcopalians have euLso been more noticeably active than the Methodists and Baptists. The first Presbyterian group of which there is a record was formed in 1937-38; this group was quite active daring 1940-41 under the leader- ship of Hev. Louis J. Telanjian. ® Chronicle, Jan. 15, 1930. ifftfiO •: Sijo-s i;o% tfdi encxtti jfOft ^Ht M"f - .f ♦ », * ^IXlU ..« L A^ f'.iik,' Oft «»w Difiir ralia^tn? , ^■i4i-i'li^l.O^- ■ ^^ titsat *siio v-''ir<4i iitr-*^ vjriij^ cf •«« (tfi.'. •» i. ■40 ow ■ *STil ari"!! .2.'^ :-- b' ','■-> c T. ;i t- r'r ;-, a v ;2I ,ei .iiiiL 59 All of these denomiitational groups combined with Student Volunteers, School of Religion Association, Undergraduate Ministerial Fellowship, Open Torus Bihle Class, the T. M. C. A. and Y. V. C. A. in 1937-28 to form the Student Religious Council* This Council was organized under the supervision of Merrimon Cuninggim, Acting Director of Religloixs Activities, and has as its fianction the coordination of the work of various student religious groups. One of it s first efforts was toweurd the organization of Doka Universit7 Church (Interdenominational), which was accoisplished during 1937-38. The position of Director of Religious Activities had been created in the Fall of 1936. In the Spring of 1937, the I, M. C. A. Cabinet [Fred Cleaveland, President] discussed the possibility of organizing both a Student Religious Council and a Duke University Church. This was the first group to become interested in the idea of a caatpus church. In October, 1937, the Student Religious Council, contposed of representatives of all the religious groups on the caapus[es], was foxmded. As Number 3 of the original Objectives of the Council [was proposed the encouraging of] students to become affiliate members of the Chapel as the University Church of Dake University. With this statement as a definite objective, the Student Religious Council appro£u:hed the University Committee on Religious Interests (knoum as the Chapel Committee and coiaposed of Faculty and Administrew- tion members), requesting a Joint meeting of the two growps to discuss the possibility of a caaipus church. The first meeting of the Joint Commission ... was on November 15. 1937. . . . The Committee on Organization, in its meeting on November 16, 1937, adopted substantially the provisions suggested by the Student Religious Council • . . and constituted from their number a sub- committee to propose a method of approach in presenting the idea of membership to the students. [The second meeting of the Joint Commis- sion, December 3, 1937, became the first meeting of the Official Board of Duke University Church.]' Mimeographed ''Outline of the Organization and Proceedings of the Duke Univer- sity Church (Interdenominational), 1937-38," in News Service files. -ic +■7.^. -, . , . , -•: ,A ,0 .M .t adJ , CBoq fttPt ^ain I 60 The Official Board Is eonpoeed of thirty regular and three ex officio memhers. The office of Dean of The Chapel was created in the Spring of 1938, which office Dr. Frank S» Hickman hae occupied since Its establishment. In 1939 was created the office of Dli^ctor of Religious ActlTltles, Woman's College, with Miss Florence Moss as first holder of the office* The Church program includes quarterly communion, annual outings for first-year students, support of the Huckahee Fund (for Jcqpanese mission work), annual inter-faith dinner, week-day Che^el services, Sahbath morning worship services, Christmas and Easter cycles of special services, the annual "Religious Emphasis Week" (revival) services, occasional forums led by visiting religionists. All religious groups on the campuses are considered components of Duke University Church» The Campus Church Club was begun in October 1939, under auspices of the University Church. It is an interdenominational group, and conducts vesper services on Sunday evenings. Vespers were held on Woman's College campus for several years prior to formation of the Church Club. Catedoguee prior to 1875 indicate that a Theological Society was formed as early as 1867, thou^ no record is found as to its specific purpose or member- ship. On May 10, 1908, at the suggestion of President Kilgo, a group of stu- dents planning to enter the ministry met and formed a Ministerial Band,^^ which for several yeeurs met on Friday evenings with Dr. Eilgo to "spend an hour or more In a rather Informal way. ... His discussions were usually eoncemisg the very practical things with which the minister would meet and have to reckon in his ^Ochronicle, May 13, 1908, p.4. OS Si; >, '. \ -iaiSOtvC ,:^''^«?-^« . ;-,v<^V n-r^..V nTR^,(- '•0 5^r -'- ' ■t'i'-'' lr -I' ... >f,( •_-. ..^ 14..' •••■>♦?■'■■ '"*'■ .?^':fin? -c,K -V ^-..- , :•:--.,....: . . , , .'^^-^^ alii at aosli-os'X o# »TJMi bos • *£i^ /ioltiw tiiiw «3tiii«i.« I.^«■i»i •if , . ,•-'.! ,SX X«*i t i J- 1 i' P 1 . 61 ereryday ministerial life." Rev. H. B. Porter, nember of the early grciap, •tatee that there was prohahly no formal organization, and this opinion ie sub- stantiated hy the fact that the first listing of officers bears the date 1911<«13. "The dominant purpose," according to Robert H. Stamey, 1987->38 president, "was to afford the young potential ministers opportunity for practical experience. A3 the group realized its potentialities, the programs spread to Jails, hospitals and county homes, Yaluable serrice was rendered as assistants to the community and neighboring pastors ."^^ In 1926 was established the graduate School of Religion (the name was changed to Dirinity School in 1941), and the Ministerial Association (as the student organization was then called) was incorporated in the new school* This was found to be entirely unsatisfactory, so the present Under- graduate Ministerial Fellowship was formed, with the object of develop- ing Christian brotherhood that will find expression in spiritual integrity and higher service. The central aim is to awaken the under^ graduate ministerial students to their place in the life of the college, and, in later years, to their place in the life of the community at large. The organization affords its members the opportunity to enjoy coBipanionship with others who, regardless of sect or creed, have the same fundamental interests and ambitions. The program varies from the stimulation of religious experiences to the promotion of light social functions. The entire organization and its program has a strong unifying influence which assists the younger members to adjust them- selves to the life on the cajq>us.^3 The School of Religion Association, which corresponds in soa« respects to the Men's Association of Trinity College, was formed in 1927-28.^^ ^^Rev. H. B. Porter. Letter in Hews Service files, dated Peb» 3, 1938. ^^bert H, Stamey. Sketch in News Service files, dated Dec. 1, 1937. ^ ^Ibid . ^^Chronide, May 23, 1928. id ifS 5<."- .'V ,ioi' . i suit imii i^A'i »di x^ hBi&i-irr ,XQ(ir-Oc> v-i'.C lo /ccdr arf^ "kc fil X« 99B £l sJo:- S.I al-- sx(j c .hi:- .■ r 62 On February 15» 1937 was organised Onicron Chi Spsllon, ^'an organisa- tion of ministerial students and pre-ministerial students . • • to influence their respecti-ve grotips in Cibristian living* • • • Its name was chosen from the I first three [Oreek] words in the passage from Mark 9.41, 'Becaase ye belong to Christ. "*^^ The fraternity is non-secret. It sponsored the first "Mother's Day" program in the UniTorsity Chapel, at which Dr. Ivan Lee Holt preached. Robert S» Tate, the fraternity's president, presided orer the service, the first time a student had presided at a regular Sunday morning worship program. The organiza^ tion invites to membership outstanding students in the Divinity School and pre- ' ministerial undergraduates. I Theta Phi, national professional theological society, established a chapter May 15, 1935. It is primarily a faculty grox^, though outstanding graduate students are occasionally admitted. I Student Volunteers, a national organisation for ministerial students planning to serve as foreign missionaries, has organized student groups from ^ time to time since about 1915 or before. No records have been found, and it is f 16 probable that these groups have been formally organized for short periods only.-^° On January 6, 1889, a Mrs, Wells, national organizer for the Woman's Christian Teinperance Union, instituted a chapter at Trinity. The following officers were elected: President, Mrs. Marquis Wood; Vice-President, Mrs. Pepper; Recording Secretary, Mrs* Pegram; Corresponding Secretary, Miss Sudie Young; Treasurer, Mrs. Carr. This cannot be classified as a student enterprise, though the group undoubtedly exerted influence on the student body. ^^Julian ▲• Lindsay. Sketch in News Service files, dated Dec. 2, 1937. See also reference to The Volunteer, p. 22. ^SC iil-' A'lO R '%'■*' 'i'Sfc ' , n . , . . *j «y^*-^ ** ^^ ^'^ S-^-tO'M r- rt.i3. * '-»» 05 erj. -5.,, -• 4 >- "---■- r TO fid »i;;fe4o«8 Xi •jd* b1 -• .,-.+ ,:! T ,&£^1 ,3X ^|AM «*< tqadb ,-=i& ,& >: •^ /-w .- :T;^ : j\ :i.»ij-mt £.'i«v £ .=i .a-r :~:l . . -:»I2^ ftciTisS m .?S.q: ,X'&e^iix.'.?:c7 dt<^ • -♦ «- ' <•>! »•» ,< •»!••? 63 The Hellgioue Education Association was organised among vonen students in 1950 and was aore or less active until about 1933. No definite statement of purpose or record of activities has been found. Reference has been made to the Religious Drama Guild on page 84, and to The Christian Educator on page 16. The first number of Christian Horizons , official organ of the School of Religion Association, was published in December 1938. The publication is issued four times a year. y.d .i3€l ittcaA Itim^ -v-T.i',« r^r^l t^ .^-t^n: aaw ."iflE O--";- at _ /fi^ / l. W'^ i. •^ <3t ~ ».»r *^< *-'-JT,r 1 •^(tr"/ v v-:;s have giren public concerts (usually one a year) erery year since 1930. Since 1932, howerer, the Women's Glee Club's primary function has been to train female voices for the University Chisel Choir. Mrs. J. Foster Barnes has been Director since 1927. B. Musical Combinations The first hint of a musical combine on the Trinity cantpus is that of Tebruary 1894 when The Archive recorded the organization of the Grand Consoli- dated Glee-Banjo-Harpsichord-Clevis Club. Since little credence is given to the existence of such a club, the first combination is believed to be the Glee Club Q end Orchestra Association, founded about October 1905. The purpose of this organization was to coordinate the work of the instrumental and choral groiq>s, and it was active until 1910 or later. ^^ Chronicle , Oct. 22 and Ho v. 5, 1919. See p. 72, post. Archive, Nov. 1905, p. 105. 10 Catalogue , 1910-11, p. 131. .a *K vo; L: .-f ,+ .AJ-Jii. f/r;^^::::. *r^. ^3lE'£«*Vt .TS'-X %t* - c. J -. . J ■ ' ■ ■ cirj.i ' . X"! -co ^ -■" to «acHi*r . 'i TddciiyCi .^ i l-;.^.,U .9X6. , 69 In the Autumn of 1920 vas formed the Trinity Musical Cluhs, evidently having the same function as the Glee Club and Orchestra Association. The func- tions of the Duke Musical Clubs, as set forth in a hooklet privately printed in 1929-30, are: 1. To afford a medi-om for a more thorough development of musical talent; 2. To serve as an advertising agency for the University; 3. To take axmually two concert toiirs. This phase of activity inspires musical talent and is a reward for hard work. 4. To furnish wholesome entertainment on the caaspus. 5. To play an important part in social and religious functions. 6. To furnish enjoyment and entertainment for thousands who txme in weekly on the Duke University Hotir of radio broadcasting from station WPTP at Baleigh. 7. To aid in the employment of self-help students. ^^ This may he taken as a statement also of the functions of the Trinity Musical Clubs during the preceding decade. The first concert by the Trinity Musical Cluhs was given in Craven Memorial Hall on Hovember 20, 1920.^^ The Men's Glee Club, the "syaphony" orchestra or one of several student dance orchestras, the varsity male queirtet, and whatever outstanding vocal or instrumental soloists were enrolled for the particular year usually constituted a Musical Clubs' concert unit. Vocal music was directed by Mr. Barnes, with George S. (*< Jelly**) Leftwich— who was engaged as Director of Orchestras in 1926 — directing the instrumental. Leftwich' s Uni- Tsrsity Club Orchestra was usually the instrumental portion of a touring group. This arrangement continued through 1934. In that year Leftwich and his jazz orchestra, most of the members heing no longer students, went professional — the ^ ^Chronide , Sept. 28, 1921. 12 The Musical Clubs of Duke University , op. cit . , p. 3. ^^Ibid. , p. 5. p26, but evidently it did not live through the summer and was not revived. It was com- posed of women's choral and Instrumental grot^s and its purpose was virtually the same as that of the Duke Musicakl Clubs, though its activities were more limited. ▲ Women's Mandolin Club had been organized in September 1922;^^ this and the Olee Club probably made up the Women's Musical Clubs. The first Women's Orchestra of which any record has been fotznd was formed in February 1928.^^ ▲ few women students have been members of the Concert Orchestra nearly every year. The Instrumental Music Association was established under Fearing' s supervision "to bind together the band and orchestra into a strong central organi- zation." The group's founders hoped to establish scholarships for instrumental msicians and to sponsor concert tours throughout North Carolina and adjoining states. Units in the Association have been: the Field Band, the Concert Band, the Concert Orchestra (or "Little ^rmphony"), and the String Qjoartet. There was a string quartet during 1936>37 only. The field band is active dTiriag football 14 * ^Chroniele , Nov. 4, 1925, p«6. 15 Chronicle , Sept. 27, 1922. ^® Chronicle, Feb. 8. 1928; Dec. 3, 1930. ■■,:i < - iciijt lut-^aA ott ).rv+ :« rt 4 .•T -r ;: -r:ti •viiat- ■ il.ic V .fjr-X' n season. The concert tand gives three or four programs a year (some on the lawn at Woman's College). The concert orchestra usually gives one concert a year in addition to playing for the annual operetta and other occasional stage produce tions. The caatpuses' interest in and readily availatle talent for instrumental aosie is not yet great enou^ to enable the Director to present a program without vnuBually great effort — except for a foothall game. C* Instrumental Groups, Concert f Discounting the grand consolidation of 1894, the first recorded organi- 17 sation of an instrumental group was the Trinity Band founded March 26, 1906 with W* M. Crooks, a senior of that year, as leader. The hand was eridmntly inactive for several years following 1906, hut with the return of foothall to 18 popularity after Dr» Eilgo's administration'^ the unit was successfully revived and has continued to increase in sice and musical ahility. The band ezxjoyed an intermittent and uncertain existence until 1923, when it was reorganized by S, A* Braxton, employed part-time for that purpose. In 1928-34 it was led by Dr. H. L. Blomquist, of the Botany Department. Students then led the group until the 1^1 of 1926, when Leftwich was engaged by the University. He was leader until the Summer of 1934. In 1934-35 the band was led by Johnny Long, senior who also directed his own student dance orchestra. Since 1935 Fearing hat directed. Prior to 1926 the band included only 20 to 25 instrumentalists. TTnder Leftwich' s direction it attained a membership of 70, and in Fearing' s second year, 193&-37, reached a total of 95 members—the first time Duke had had a ^' ^Chronicle , Har. 27, 1906. 18 Football was banned at Trinity from 1895 to 1920. A brief history of the sport at Duke is given in Southern Coach and AtM.ete (111,4) for Dec. 1940, written by Ted Mann of the University's publicity staff. . V U-T i/r:'^''.'., i ^\ i>«»^i5R'f; ^:r.no;- .' ,0V 10 q ' i a'jl:Jo**xii» a'iioiv* •>ri»--t: , ..— 72 fully^ixxstrumented band. Concert bands under Fearing' 8 direction have been limited to about 45 pieces. Lef tvich directed the band in Sunday afternoon outdoor concerts as early as the Spring of 1927. Sunday afternoon concerts on the lawn of Voinan's College (sonetimes at the Woodland Stage) were also given under Securing' s direc- tion daring the Springs of 1936 and 19S7. The first full-length indoor concert by a Duke band was given in Page Auditorium on February 7, 1938, under Fearing* s direction. Slue and white West Point style full-dress uniforms were acquired in September 1936, replacing less colorful uniforms purchased during Leftwieh's early period. The Field Band now accompanies the football squad to most games away from Durham, and participates in occasional civic parades throughout North Carolina. 19 There is recorded a "concert orchestra** at Trinity as early as 1905, but this was most likely an ensemble of no more than six or ei^t pieces, and was quite conceivably built curound the Mandolin Club, which had been formed in 1903. It was not until 1919 that the effort to organize an orchestra attained success. In that year. Professor E. B* Patterson, as director, organized a concert orchestra of eleven pieces. Professor Patterson worked very faithftilly and made much progress. In 1926, G. S, Leftwich came to Duke, and in a very short time after his coming, the orchestra developed by Professor Patterson was organised into the Duke Sysrphony. The Biembership of this orgeuiization numbered t«renty-f ive , which was almost twice the number of any previous orchestra on this campus.^ Under Leftwich the orchestra grew to include once in a while as many as thirty- five instrumentalists. 19 * The Musical Clubs of Duke University , op. cit . , p. 7. ^Ibid., p.7. •St « .;T \ I Bft Y : - * f-,..- 4. .^-.n.•^T iji; KMUiJtit I vr .r)"^* ; fie T(,j- r rro'Cj^« " . rt .ao.':;Joat.ri . ■■.flii.ux. . ix*. .5j»r.r~ JX;,'^ ^1- ) - i'ltK* a." ■'fjR-'X'a SB »Iirr ^A' i ' 78 The orchestras have never attained syotphonic proportions; since 1935 the groups have usually been referred to as concert rather than syotphony orchestras, jlctually, there has been no continuous existence of a concert orchestra — unless the 20->piece group directed by Johnny Long for Qaadrangle Pictures during 193&-34 could be considered such. There has been no yearly series of orchestra concerts (though nevspi^er publicity has often mentioned the annual programs as "first of the season's series"); consequently there has been no formal organization of a concert orchestra. Each program has necessitated the assembling of a more-or-less new group of players— -and there has seldom been more than one public performance by a group of this sort during any one year. There is and has always been a dearth of student talent interested in working toward the maintenance of such an orchestra. Fearing has enlisted the interest and participation of instru- Bentalists among the faculty, and his orchestras have also included musicians not connected with the University. The first full-length concert by an orchestra was given under hearing's direction in Page Auditorium May 13, 1936* > Just as a new orchestra has been formed for each concert, so new ensembles have been rehearsed for each operetta or other stage production requir- ing an orchestra. The only exception is the groxtjp which played for Wednesday night presentations of Q^adrangle Pictures for two or three months during 1933-34. Members of Johnny Long's orchestra constituted the nucleus of this group of some twenty students. Their compensation was passes; interest waned after a few weeks, and the programs were discontinued. The Women's Orchestra has had a different history from that of the Concert Orchestra. It was preceded by the Women's Mandolin Club, organised in 21 22 September 1922, and was organized in Pebrtiary of 1928. It has seldom numbered ^^Chronicle, Sept. 27, 1922. ^Ibid., Feb, 8. 1928; Dec. 3, 1930. :-\^\r,P f -> .-tlif ' ■ ^'^/ *'J*'i Lifts ? ■-■^'i on F ti'^'>'d' r^ -x ^, i ».rff ,*ii.-»jni eif-ci ..":.M.i£ ..■;.:tj: , , » c i f m ^ ^^l **< ^ tW 3 ..nag lib^P^^^^^l^^t V '^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^1 — -^m^^i §^^ 2m r ■^^— M -;;g ^K W dm 1^ ^^HB - 1 1 PC «»s m. ' ^-'1^9 ^^ F '> ^ M ^)r , ^^^1 1 ^9 "i^^ 74 Bore than a docen pieces, and has seldom made pu'blic appearances, tnX its members meet regularly to play for their own benefit and enjoyment. The groiQ> has appeared occasionally with the Woman's Olee Club in caatpus concerts. Some of the players hare appeared in Concert Orchestra concerts since 1935. Miss Eralyn Barnes led the Women's Orchestra from 1928 to 1939; Miss Julia Wilkinson(Mueller) since then* One other women's instrumental gtovp remains to be mentioned. In the winter of 1938 a trustee liring near the nation's business center had a daughter, age about thirteen, who was interested in playing the ukulele. Schedoled to en- roll at Duke when her yesirs should be accomplished that she should be a co-ed, the young sub-debutante thought it would be nice to Join a ukulele club when she became a collegian. Her father, ascertaining that Duke was minus such an organisation, suggested that one be formed, and followed his suggestion immedi- ately with a shipment of two dosen ukuleles. Miss Svelyn Barnes was designated to instruct interested young ladies in the playing of the South Seas sound-box, and in May of 1938 she reported considerable enthusiasm on the part of more than a dozen students. The grcnxp was not formally organized, however. The project was not reyived in 1938-39, the trustee's daughter being then fourteen years old. D. Instrumental Groups, Popular One of the chief reasons for the small interest in symphonic and concert music is the great interest in (which not infrequently reaches the pro- portions of a craze for) music of a quicker and more exciting tempo. Such music (thou^ the rendition is often a profanation of the term) was called ragtime before the World War, Jazz until about 1935, and since then has gone tiy the name ■ wing . Its chief characteristic is rhythm; melody — whenever there is any — is a jaitfis;- :X at- i.i^ j-t;f.:f3' A.'i 't<- ;r 1 v i f{ r r ^ -III ' 1- 75 strictly secondary consideration. Poor fannf oik who are raised on cornbread, fat1}ack and molasses cone to prefer such Tlctucds to choice resta\urant dishes; so many conteisporary yotugfolk render themselves incapable of appreciating musical fare prepared, tj the masters; they are often proud to he called ''Jitterhugs. ** Since swing is popular, there is money in it. Since many accontplished student instrumentalists need money, they "string it** as members of dance orchestras. Thus they usually lose, or do not acquire, a taste for serious music* This accounts to a large degree for the great amount of effort required to assemble and rehearse a concert ensemble or symphony orchestra. The brass section inrari- ftbly includes members of a "swing band." Dancing to the tune of Jaez bands became a sort of universal craze anong the socially and onotionally immature "younger set" soon after the World Var I, and the mania attained epidemic proportions on the caa^uses of liberal colleges. Trinity had considered itself a liberal college even before the famous "Bassett incident" of 1903, but since that historic controversy, had boasted of its liberality. Nevertheless, conservatism was deemed impropriate in many phases of college administration, and the licensing of such social diversions as dancing and card-playing fell in this category. Dancing among Trinity students had been a problem as early as 1889 vhen a String Band was organized — daring the presidency of John Tranklin Crowell, who imported a ntunber of liberal ideas from Tale. The Archive suggested that the String Bajid's music, mainly in connection with square dances, did not set well with the majority of the college community. Baring "Dr, Eilgo's administration, of course, a dance on the Trinity caisp-as would have been comparable to inviting Lucifer himself to give a chapel talk and stay for dizmer. I Favorite bed and breeding place of the St* Vitus germ on the Trinity cas^us was in the fraternities and sororities, which have been referred to as isatr ■^.-.X^-'-i ~\'*-:^.v/ii. n:i*v «y»TO J.- lA'is^u: t' .1 -y'-r-txl ^,+'>';«P; ■'.>i6t6'' ,afcKt/ .11 1 'c.rtfi:f no t' li ■■■ ■-■ J f) :«-*r ;'. it-'.''' * i 76 "glorified dance clubs." These groups held dances off the caucus in the early 1920*8. The first dance approved tj the University was the Junior From held in 23 the Washington Duke Hotel February 11, 1927. By 1938 dancing had become such a popular pastime that there was an average of about three a week throughout the academic year. These affairs ranged from unpretentious '*'T' Open Houses" to the twice-yearly Co-ed Sails, decorations for which were reputed to cost more than $1,500 for each of the two affaire (not paid for hy students, however). While dancing at Dake is sometimes done to the accos^animent of mechanical- electrical reproducers, most of it is to the tune of student orchestras. With the sanctioning of dancing on the cas^uses after 1926 there came a need for music (so- called) in the flesh, and there have heen two or more student dance orchestras nearly every year since. Precursors of the student orchestras ("Jazz bands" or ■Swing bands") which have flourished since 1926 were the String Band organized about 1889,*^ the Troubadour Band of seven instruments organized in November of 1892,^ and the Mandolin Club organized during the Winter of 1902-03.^ The last -mentioned group seems to have attained a greater degree of respectability among the less athletic lovers of music; a mandolin sextet was a unit of the Glee Club and Orchestra jUsociation dtiring the years 1905-10. The mandolin's popular- ity with Trinity students continued until the middle 1920' s, the Mandolin Club tnjoying intermittent existence until about 1926. When "Jelly" Leftwich came to Dake in 1926 there was no student dance orchestra. He was instrumental in organizing the Blue Devils, which he directed. ^ ^Chronicle , Feb. 16, 1927. ^Archive , Oct. 1889, p. 16. ^ ^Archive , Dec. 1892, p. 127. 26 Archive , Jan. 1903, et seqq . •3 9d.i 't'J 9P' , ^ .C' ■• . I^JV •f.cf,!Tt!voT'T nr "~"t**' viif/. ■>o +h 0\yiy i'J-.LC SK)i:;:v v!il'> •».) ■. • , ,■ , vr r, f :»• -v-vv^' , Ft -ov-^ r- f. 'i -r.c o*.'* fiu»»ri" • *r - r- £ ^ 9i a*i -,rf. ^.'^ oj: Ja?»nK-.-t'T-'.l r f «■! it ,J«*DS'*,tl. 7? and which in 1928 became the Dhlyersity Glut Orchestra. Bill Laeeiter (later to become a Haleigh lawyer) was a member of the first group. Within a short time there was room for another dance orchestra on the castpus, and Lassiter organized his own, titled it Sill Lassiter and His Blue Devils. The Boyal Doke Orchestra, organized in 1926,^ was probably cosiposed of about the same personnel as Leftwich's original Blue Derils. Blue Devils continued as the name of dance orchestras until 1936, when Les Brown and His Blue Devils began their professional careers. Bill Lassiter and His Blue Devils were followed about 1930 by Chip Lehrbach and His Blue Devils.^ Hick Laney (the "Croonin* Halfback'*) and His Blue Devils followed in 1931. Brown was saxophonist and clarinetist with Laney, and assumed direction of the Blue Devils when Hick left in 1934. His, the last of the Blue Devil bands, left in June 1936, toured Sastem and Midwestern states for a year, and disbeuaded. (He has since organized another orchestra, though its personnel includes few if any Duke altimni. Leftwich also changed the personnel of his orchestra when he left in the Summer of 1934, and soon changed his professional name to Lee Dixon. His orchestra played at prominent hotels and resorts in Eastern states for several seasons, before disbanding about 1939. Leftwich is now manager of a hotel in Vine ton- Salem, H. C.) An orchestra somewhat smaller than the Blue Devil groups was organized %y Allen Stanley in 1932-33, and called The Blue IiDps. The grot^ played at Beeves' American Inn (restaurant in front of the Courthouse) for several months. The outstanding Duke sttident orchestra to date is that organized in the Tall of 1931 and styled Johnny Long and His Collegians. Eleven freshmen ^" ^Chronicle , May 23, 1928. 28 Chronicle , Dec. 1, 1926. ^^ Chronicle, Sept. 16, 1931. S'V i -■;■-: : '..r ■ .'s^oii • ■■ dot:'. . " . •crx^To - 'tfjllr^et d^.fiwoxoe ii-^Jeo-iwit: . .■*r-.i«:f li r-.'.-' 5;.' ■ .'.• •• flAi-i. '?^ I to ^-lix-i-' 78 vare la the original group, and seven of the original eleven were members of the orchestra in 1934-35. Long, a left-handed violinist of considerable talent, gathered around him a group of genteel, ambitious players most of whom were interested in careers in popular music. The orchestra gained such popularity that by its senior year it filled more dance engagements off the caiopus than on, and made frequent week-end trips to points more than 200 miles from Durham. The orchestra's evening performances in the University Union and in The Ark on Woman's College campus were occasionally of such musical quality as to merit the name concert . Leavizig the casipus in the Slimmer of 1935, Johnny and the Col- legians toured for a few months, then began a series of hotel and resort engage- ments which has continued with increasing success.^ (Long's Collegians are not to be confused trith an earlier orchestra organized by '*Foots" Glover, called limply The Collegians, which was heard for a few months during 1929-30.)^^ 1^ Durham's radio station, VDHC, began operations April 10, 1934. Al Preyer, first-year student, organized an orchestra in the early Fall of 1935, styling it simply Al Preyer and His Orchestra. The group was engaged for several months by the Hotel Washington Duke, and played in the main dining room three evenings a week, a half-hour of each program being broadcast over WDNO. Like a number of other Duke student instrumentalists, Preyer customarily made at least one crossing each summer to Europe, organizing a small instrumental group to play on board ship for the price of passage, occasionally filling engagements in the British Isles or on the Continent. When he returned to the can^us in September 1936, Preyer joined Frank Gerard and His D-Men rather than revive his orchestra. 30 ''^See story in The Delta of Sigma Bu Fraternity, Dec. 1940. Also stories in Long's Jacket in Alumni Office, Duke University. ^^Chronicle, Max. 26, 1930. ■'Cfl <=i tov ,no rt' iiTrH^' c^ «j9 ieJ • '.t)'J P' :i::te* •^Ti'CJ t--' --U. '^i' -i^-n 't r.-'.~ "fTlYflT ft. 79 In the Tall of 1934 Sen Boush, a first-year student with more Inislness ability than academic enthusiasm, was taken with the idea that Duke students should have access to a night club. The result was The Palais d*Or (opened on December 15, 1934) , vhlch iras operated for about two yesors as a dine-and-dance spot, two nights a week for a while, one night a week during most of its life. The Palais d'Or was located on Bozboro Street, on the second floor of the build- ing facing the First Presbyterian Church. A new student dance orchestra was organized to furnish music, with Douglas Motley as leader. The name Duke Ambas- sadors was taken. Johnny Long and His Collegians and Les Drown and His Blue Devils were the two main bands at that time, 1934-35. Long's orchestra was to graduate in JTune, which would leare a nice place for another band in 1935-36. The AmbasscMLors reorganised late in the Spring of 1935, engaging Joe Bvirke— •ecosiplished pianist and talented arranger — a^ leader. Joe Burke and His Duke Ambassadors toured during the Summer of 1935 and came back strong in the Tall. Barke led the orchestra for nearly two years, and was succeeded by Howard Winter- son (in the Spring of 1937), who was succeeded in September 1938 by E. B. (Dutch) M^illin, "hot" clarinetist and saxophonist who had Joined Brown's Blue Devils during his freshman year (1935-36), toured with Brown daring 1936-37, and returned to Duke in September 1937. When he graduated in June 1940 McMillin turned the leadership of the Ambassadors orer to Yincent Courtney. The year 1935-36 was last for Les Brown cuid His Blue Devils. Al Preyer vas busy at the hotel that year, so it appeared there woTild be room for another band (besides Preyer 's and Burke's) in 1936-37. Frank Gerard, diminutive young scholar and musician, therefore organized The D-Men in the late Tall of 1935. (The name is a pun on 0-Men, the popular appellation given agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, at that time enjoying a wide following among newspaper readers and patrons of motion pictures.) Thus, for a few months, there were four ( .^i~£.Ui» i. ■^.^^ I • + .., i-..,v ) OCX* a ;6£>£liV 0^ ,^s&. 80 » student dance orchestras. Preyer Joined Gerard In Septem'ber 1936, and Howard Vlnterson took orer leadership of The Ambassfltdors. fhus, there was no band free to play for The Palais d'Or. Accordingly in November 1936 Johnny Hansel formed 32 a band which made its initial appearance at the down-town spot on November 7, 1936. The unit lasted only a few weeks; it went under the name of Johziny Hansel and His Swing Kings. This was the only band that year besides The D-Men and The Ambassadors, which units survived it and were the main music-makers in 1937-38 as well. In the 7all of 1938 Preyer assumed direction of Gerard's gro\:^, and went back to the old name of Al Preyer and His Orchestra; while "Dutch" McMillin was beginning to lead The Ambassadors. In the Pall of 1939 Ja^ Pay ton, who had been zylophonist and drummer with Gerard, organized an orchestra, which shared the campus with McMillin' s Ambassadors durizig 1939-40. The unit which succeeded the Pay ton group (some of the players being the same) was titled Bill Elder and His Blue Dukes; with Vince Courtney's Ambassadors, this group furnished most of the campus dcmce music during 1940-41. Phil Messenkopf organized a band which made a fair beginning in 1940-41. (Among other attesipts at dance bajid organizations, which have left little if any record, was that begun by Ted Huston in 1934-35, and titled The Grand Dukes. The groxtp was introduced at a "7" Open House on January 10, 1935; but evidently made only one appearance. ^^) While playing for dances has been the major source of income to student bands, a coaotpensation almost as inportant has been afforded by the caiqpus dining halls. Since 1932 the student "swingsters" have been in the same general classi- Ifleation as medieval minstrels who had si^^per only after singing. A chief dif- ference is that the modem music(7)makers perform after supper, in the lobby of ^ ^Chronicle , Nov. 6, 1936. 33 Chronicle. Jan. 11, 1935. ot -s*- 90ir 0^ uc , 1 1':-\.iii:-rv . i?o it v^ i.:wc. '! Li r :Xi« J", I.-r:? : ■r^'.- I n -- ,4 ■, 5- r>.,t fiwooff ■ eno 'ilfio 'Vf 81 the TJxiiTersity (Vest Caarput) tTnion and in The Ark at Vonaa's College, playing from 6 o'clock until 7, in exchange for two meals a day* The performances are usually attended hy 150 to 200 ''Jitterhugs, " who rend the close, heavy atmos- phere with occasional shouts, and take advantage of the rhythm of the instru- nents (which is the chief product of the players' ofttimes strenuous efforts) !l to indulge in demonstrations of unrestrained ecstacy (or is it lunacy?), known variously as "truckln ' , " "posin*," or ''peckin'." Indulgents in this ahorigincd ilrite — who are usually too young to have intelligence — consider it the thing to '' do; and it is reasonable to estimate that about a third of the student body is adept at this sort of exercise. \9 B. Other Musical Groiq>s I Of an almost entirely different character from other organizations ^■entioned in this chs^ter is the Music Study Club of Woman's College, organized ( 'February 1, 193S throu^ the good offices of Mrs. J. Foster Barnes, Miss Evelyn Barnes, and others, as an honorary society, with elective membership, for the purpose of recognizing the ambitions and abilities of Duke women in the field of music. Through the years the club has grown from a small, practically unknown group to an organization of prominence on the caoapus. It is endowed with a real appreciation of one of the most beautiful and appealing of the curt s. 34 The club usually has a membership of forty to fifty. Meetings are held once a ■onth for the discussion of timely topics in the realm of music; demonstrations (miniature recitals) are often given by members of the Club or by visitors. ^%ary Eleanor Erummel. Sketch in files of News Service, dated Nov. 15, 1937. fi ->.iS »1: t .■ t.( f ..■.-:f.'t TM ,«• 82 fhe Club usually preeents at least one concert artist or lecturer each year, tome times in connection with the University Concerts Series. In addition to groupa previously mentioned which are concerned with either specific phases of music or music in general, three Greek-letter frater- nities have heen established to recognize superior musical ability. Lambda Phi Gemma, a national (T) honorary music fraternity, established a chapter at Trinity in 1923, but it was active for only a short time.^^ Delta Upsilon Beta, local honorazT^ band fraternity, was established in Msirch 1927,^^ with the purpose of petitioning Ee^pa Es^pa Psi, national honorary band fraternity. A charter %ra8 granted June 2, 1929, and Delta Upsilon Beta became Alpha Gamma chapter of Eappa Eappa Psi.^'^ This organization recognizes outstanding members of the college 1)and, and these are usually given membership pins in a ceremony at one of the home football games. The order occasionally sponsors band concerts, entertains bandsmen with smokers and other social functions, and has an a.Ttminl Spring dance, the "Baton Ball." The organization also assists the Director of the Band in Bomerous ways. An organization intended to function in the fields of both music and stagecraft is the Hoof and Horn Club, founded October 1. 1956. Harvard had for many yeeurs had its Hasty Pudding Show, Pennsylvania its Mask and Wig, Princeton |t8 Triangle Club-- the main escuse for their existence being the production of an annual original musical comedy. Peter Callahan, junior (1936) from New Tork City, persuaded a number of fellow students that Duke should follow suit. The ^ ^Chanticleer , 1923; Chronicle , Nov. 26, 1924. ^ ^Chronicle , Mar, 30, 1927. ^"^ Chronicle, Oct* 16, 1929. _-,.^i;.^ ■• -,-j^.-++nr_ hi-ilfs'r U.t ?: r.»«-' ,'-:. T •r"^ I: e^ffi r<,-r'h f! -,t' f ■Ti." '^:5.t.'?<^ .tC I CO i;s K, v.^ , J' 7- <^o - - t - — ^STt 88 Hoof and Horn Club was the result. The project was giyen publicity in The Chronicle , stiidents were invited to submit scripts and musical numbers. A script %ras decided on and given the title, '*The Devil G-rins." It was scheduled for production on February 22 and 23, 1937. I^aternity rushing and other activities offered such coatpetition for student interest that the project was abandoned before rehearaale had proceeded very far. A Chronicle notice of j^ril 26, 1938 indicated atteorpted revival that year, though no other record has been foxind until 1941. Under the sponsorship of the Fraternity Pan-Hellenic Council, the Hoof and Horn Club did prepare and present a show in Page Auditorium, May 8 and 9, 1941. The title was "Say When.** It enjoyed a warm reception from the caaipus audience, and evidently netted a fair profit for the club. The production was generally announced as "the first annual production*' of the Hoof and Horn Club. $ F. Drama Organisations The earliest recorded organized drama grotqp was formed in the Fall of 1920 and given the name Trinity College Dramatic Society. It was a women's group, organized as a branch of the Athena Literary Society. ^^ Men were euimitted about 1921^23; in March 1924 the group became Taorian Players. ^^ The Taurians vere directed by Mrs. Paul Gross, wife of the head of the Chemistry Department; I the group presented two or three dramas each year, until February 1931 when the name was changed to Duke Players, with A* T. West (a newcomer to the faculty) as director. Duke Players usually give four public productions each year; in recent 38 "Chanticleer , 1921; Chronicle , May 15, 1929. ^ ^ Chronicle , Mar, 12, 1924; May 15. 1929. 40 Alumni Register, Dec. 1931. ti. 84 jrears each production has been glren two performances. The productions are patronized by an average of perhaps three hondred faculty members, students, and others in the University community who follow campus drama with a fair degree of constancy; the remainder of Duke Players' audiences are susceptible to advertising and publicity, which has been sufficiently effective to keep the organization financially solvent. Duke Flayers have presented a few amateur premieres and a number of original one-act plays by ])uke students; most of the productions, however, have been well->known dramas introduced on the legitimate stage several seasons before. The dramas are presented in Page Auditorium; the Little Theatre (constructed in 1927-28) in West Duke Building is used occaiiion- ally for rehearsals. Practically all Duke Players are in A« T* Vest's classes in drama. Membership is voltmtary. The group occasionally holds private meet- ings of a social nature, as well as for the reading of plays. Introduction to risiting stage talent, and so forth. Closely related to Duke Players is the North Carolina Alpha chapter t Theta Alpha Phi, national honorary drama fraternity, founded January 1925. ^ nils group recognizes outstanding dramatic ability and performances by inviting :he campuses' more prominent thespians to membership. Its other activities are Iilfflost entirely of a private nattire. Short-lived drama groups have been: White Witch Dramatic Club, begun In 1927^^ and active for about three years; Southgate Dramatic Club, mentioned m 1929-30, which may have been the same group as White Witch. At any rate, both rere composed of women students. The Heligious Drama Guild was organized in ^3 - Chronicle , Jan. 7, 1925. A history of the first ten years of Duke Players was published in the Durham [omlng Herald of March 3, 1941. Also in Hews Service files. ^^chronlcle, Oct. 24, 1928. -■ ■ i ■.. ■•.iOr x: "^rvj.t ■''•,.y.f4 . , -ioaJu; ,.t:s5; ,. i .I9aju;'.tw iW»Vii A-v' ; 86 October 1933 1)y mem'bers of Professor H. E. Spence's class in religious drama and a few other young thespians. *^ Its history was brief. G. Professional Presentations The campuses have witnessed performances in the fields of music and stagecraft by a number of performers outside the realm of student activities • Trinity College had concerts and recitals by outstanding musical artists as early as 1900. Various groi:^8, including the A. A. U. V., Music Study Club, Instrumental Music Association, have sponsored castpus performances by visiting Busicians. Since 1931 most such concerts and recitals have been presented under the auspices of the University Concert Series, an official University project <• 44 lanaged by J. Foster Barnes. Pour or five individuals or groups of inter- national reputation are usually presented each year. Duke Players have spon- sored caatpus performances by a number of professional drama groups, including the Avon Players and Federal Theatre Project groups. The Tuesday Sveninig Recitals ^onsored by the T. M» C« A. were outstanding features of the enter- tainment calendar tron 1931 to 1938.^^ Madame Borgny Hammer and con^any gave a ;>erformance of "The Doll's House" (by Ibsen) in October 1933 on the University Concerts Series. The Coffer-Miller Players (two in the company) have become a regular feat\xre of the Summer School entertaizunent program, which has also in- duded other stage and concert performers of wide reputation. 43 * ^ Chronicle , Nov. 8, 1933. 44 A list of artists appearing on the University Concerts Series during the first ten years is on file in the Hews Service, 1941. 45 See also p. 54, ante. ea moHlif?' :v:jo'- ijf' .L v' 'J J I '.v. V l^ 86 E. Qpadrangle Pictures Since its first presentation in February 1928, Quadrangle Pictures, the campus moyie» has been operated by students, under the supervision of the University Motion Pictures Conmittee, and since 1936 by a aianager eotployed full- time by the TMiyersity. W. M. Upehorch, Jr., president of the freshman class in 1927-28, and some of his classmates had been acquainted with a student-operated Bovie at K. C* State College in Baleigh, and thought a simileir idea would be Appropriate at Duke. It was a time of beginnings and the Administration was favorable to the suggestion, sponsored by the student Y. M. C. A. Equipment was installed in the Auditorium (Woman's College), and film was exhibited there on Wednesday and Saturday evenings until the Fall of 1930, when Page Auditorium vas first used. C. Bay Carpenter, president of the "T" during 1927-28, was the first manager. Upchurch became manager following his graduation in 1931; he •tudled law and assisted Dean Herbert J. Herring and Assistant Secretary Charles I» Jordan in various capacities for the next five years. After receiving his LL.3. degree in 1936 he became a full-time member of the University's auiainistra- tlve staff, with the supervision of Quadrangle Pictxires one of his several Jobs. 7rom 1931 to 1935 various student groups (Duke Players, Johnny Long and His Col- legians, Men's alee Club, University Club Orchestra, and others) were associated vith "Qaadrangle" from time to time, being presented as "added attractions." The "Qpadrangle Birthday Party," a gala annual student- talent show until 1936, has since then featured "big-name bands" and professional entertainers. In 1936 was inaugurated an extraF*curricular course in theatre management, studied by all student ea^loyees. ^ Instruction and practice are given in five phases of Motion Picture Herald , May 23, 1936, published an approved history of the campus movie. Additional data is on file in the University News Service. i; 3 1.x- ;hi tf pj' ii. ; ift/s; •u'j 87 exhlljiting: adTertlslzig, house service » technical stagecraft, selection of film subjects and arranging programs, and booth work (projection). While most employ- ees have regarded working at "Quadrangle" merely as a means of earning necessary Boney, a few have used the experience as preparation for full-time work in theatre management and several have heen enabled to more easily obtain vacation Jobs. Since 1936->37 there have been about 40 students on the staff. The average wage is about $15 a month, most of this beisg from KTA appropriations. Profit has been distributed between the 7. M. C. A. and new equipment for Page Auditorium. :1\ Ic ;u JL«to<^It^ 1 (i' -T^y..,, ;_^...i. ''ti !*■.•' (l£uc^ ^-/;- ^0 'f 1 t ' 1 '-V I Chapter 71 ATHLSTIC OH&MIZASIONS Cat-"ball, "rasslin* , " and other rustic sports were kno^m to residents of Randolph Coiinty "before Union Institute was established in 1838, and there is little evidence that more sophisticated forms of athletics gained nruch populari- ,ty hefore Trinity College moved to Durham; for the first record of organized athletic activity is mention of a Tennis Association, in The Archive of Hovemher 1891. The evident poirpose of this organization was primarily to provide and maintain tennis courts, the college "budget making no provision for such facili- ties in those days. In Octoher 1904 the Tennis Association "became a part of the Athletic Association, which had "been reorganized in 1903, There was a Tennis Association, or Cluh, \intil ahout 1912. fThe Athletic Association was "begun prior to 1903, "but evidently did not thrive until after the reorganization of that year; and even then did not enjoy the whole-hearted support of the student "body. In 1907 it was succeeded by the Athletic Council, which has continued to the present time. The Council was esta"blished "by authority of the Board of Trustees, and its original memhership Archive , Hov. 1903. W. W. ("Cap") Card, Director of Athletics beginning in 1902, has no recollection of an Athletic Association prior to 1903. He was a specialist in gymnastics, "but keenly interested in all sports. He organized the first Trinity track team in 1904, and had a meet with W. C, State College. 'He also introduced several other sports at Trinity. 89 consisted of: three members of the faculty, appointed by the President; four members from the local Alumni Association; and four undergraduates, one from each class, elected by the classes. This representation has remained sub- stantially unchanged. Chief functions of the Athletic Council are: formal approval of schedules and matters of policy recommended by the Director of Physical Education and other University officials, approval of awards of mono- grams and trophies to individuals and teams (on recommendation of the coaching staff). The Council meets infrequently. There was a Park School Athletic Association from the time of the establishment of the preparatory division in 1898. It was reorganized in Octo- ber 19067 and revived from time to time thereafter. There is a Duke University Athletic Association, but it is not a stu- dent enterprise, strictly speaking. Since sports has come (since 1925) to be a laajor source of income as well as a major subject in the curriculum, the Athletic Association has come to be practically the same as the Department of Physical lEducation. This Department gives full-time employment to some three dozen 'persons, including the coaching staff. Corresponding to the original Athletic Association is the Intramural Division of the Department of Physical Education. .Managed by students, and supervised by the Physical Education faculty, this division conducts an annual program of extra-curricular athletics among canrpus groups (fraternities, house organizations, classes, etc.); its function, among undergraduate men, is similar to that of the Woman's Athletic Association among aadergraduate women. The intramural program is the chief concern of a full-time faculty member. There is a student manager, named by the Athletic Council, and ^Chronicle , Sept. 18, 1907. Chronicle, Oct. 17, 1906. 90 assisted "by a student staff. The program is financed "by appropriation from the University hudget and entry fees paid "by participating groups. Jot the last two decades foofball has "been the most popular sport at Sake, as at other American colleges sind universities. Duke [GJrinity] and University of North Carolina, who are still the "bitterest of rivals on the gridiron, played the first game of foofball along the modern day lines in the state and it was, as far as is known, the first in the South. Other teams had played hut it had "been Eughy. Duke won that first game with North Carolina at Raleigh, U, C, Thanksgiving Day, 1888, by a score of 16-0. . . . Duke's first big season came in 1891 when the Trinity boys . , , went undefeated. . . . But the sport started getting up the ire of the professors — there was talk of professionalism even back in those days — so in 1895 the Trinity faculty voted a ban on intercollegiate football. At first it was thought the baji would be lifted in a few years ' but years passed and continued to pass. Each class as it came into the University would endeavor to get the sport re-instated but met with no success until 1920 v;hen Duke resumed the sport. Student agitation for reinstatement of intercollegiate football became especially vocal in 1913-14, under the leadership of Beal H, Siler, '15, Chronicle sports- writer. Some of the students most interested in football discussed the question and began a more or less systematic program to influence student, faculty and trustee opinion in favor of the sport. There is no record of formal organization, though the Chronicle of May 13, 1914 mentions Siler as head of the Football Club. Practitioners of several specific sports have from time to time organ- ized fellow players. Among such groups have been: Handball Association, organized Southern Coach and Athlete (Decatur, Ga.), Dec. 1940. Anonymous article rritten by Ted Mann and A. A, Wilkinson, of the University News Service. (The Jtory has also been published in numerous other journals.) 91 March 23, 1914;^ Golf Club, first organized in January 1919 under the direction of Dr, Prank C, Brown, and evidently revived in the Winter of 1928 under the leadership of Bill Jennings, with the encouragement of John Sprunt Hill (owner), 7 Hillandale Golf Course; Fencing Club, hegun in Decemher of 1902 hy "Cap" Card ("but the group soon lost interest), and "begun "by him again in December 1926; The Duke Stirrups (freshman horseback riders), organized in 1932-33; and Twi- light Horseback Riders, who took a few rides in 1935-36. (See also women's groups mentioned below.) ■ In 1903 was organized Tombs, local honorary athletic order. Being a secret society, it has left little record of activity besides annual initiations, the "informal" part of which has usually consisted of the black-faced, pajama- clad initiates cavorting around the campus and in the stadium on the day of a football game. In April 1907 Tombs was incorporated and given a charter by the Secretary of State of Korth Carolina. In 1923-24 the society proposed to foster interest in Trinity College among high school students, ^^ somewhat in line with the activities of 9019^^ and the Greater Trinity Club;^^ but left no record of inaugurating such a program. A Chronicle headline of December 13, 1935, read: 5 Chronicle , Mar. 25, 1914. There was evidently no formal organization; a manager and assistant manager were named to supeirvise handball activities, pro- bably by the Athletic Council. ^Chronicle, Peb. 13, 1919. " ^Chronicle , Feb. 1. 1928. I ^Chronicle, Dec. 15, 1926. Por a few weeks in the Pall of 1939, Steed Rollins '(Managing Editor of the D urham Morning Herald ) coached a few interested students in fencing, but there was no formal organization of the group. g Chronicle . Jan. 11, 1933. Membership was limited to eight, because of the lumber of available horses. Organization encouraged by Pisher's Riding Academy. ^^Chronicle, 18:20:6. ^^See p. 127. ^"^See p. 28, ante . 92 TOMBS B2QRGMIZ3S IN UnaXPECIED MOVE TOV/AED KE¥ STAOJUS -o- Traditional Honorary Athletic Order Seeks to Regain Place of Importance on Dake University Camtpus Whether this place of importance was regained is not evident from published records, "Tomhs Night" was iintil about 1937 one of the chief bugaboos of first- year men. On that dread date, never announced beforehand but usually in late Autumn, no freshman's posterior anatomy was safe from the brooms and sticks and paddles of the hefty Tombstone brothers. "Tombs Night" eventually came to be the excuse for considerable rowdyism on the part of upperclassmen not members of the order, and its observance was discontinued, more from student pressure than from disapproval of the Administration. In recent years Tombs has sponsored con- tests among fraternities and dormitory groups to determine the most attractive parade floats, house entrance decorations and other displays in connection with the annual Homecoming celebration, A large number, though not all, of winners of letters in athletics are invited to membership in Tombs, Thus the order has had some connection with the "T" Club, organized in Itorch 1912, ^'^ which became the "D" Club in 1925. Its members are also considered members of the Varsity Club, organized May 1, 1926, which embraces all wearers of the "D" (or "T"). The Varsity Club has been revived and reorganized from time to time, the last time in the Fall of 1940, when a lounge and game room in the new gynmasium was designated as the Varsity Club Room, 1/L 'Chronicle , Mar. 6, 1912. 15 Alumni Register, Jan, 1928; Sept. 1934. 93 (Che Chronicle of May 14, 1934, reported estaljlishment of the first Southern chapter of Sigma Delta Psi national athletic fraternity at Trinity. No f-urther trace of this organization has "been fo\ind. 16 Connected with athletics in about the same way as The Trident Cluh was a group formed in October 1927, known as Les Marquis, The group, evidently not formally organized, was headed by Bob Hatcher; and its primary function was 17 to provide vociferous support to the football team. It differed from the "chieering section" or more recent years in that it was composed of upperclas smen only, while the loudest cheering at football games of 1940 came from the freshmen. Earliest women's athletic organization was Delta Phi Hho Alpha, local honorary society, established in 1921, The sorority, somewhat similar to Tombs, honors about a dozen outstanding women athletes each year by inviting them to membership. The "informal" initiation — during which new members are required to wear funny clothes, no cosmetics, and carry rolling-pins and other domestic utensils with them throughout the day — is the society's most notable activity as far as most of the community is concerned. In 1923 there was formed a Women's Riding Club; and there has been a j similar organization most of the years since then. The 1940-41 group took the 'name Pegasus, At a meeting of V^omen's Student Government on March 1, 1930 there was I outlined a plan for establishing a Women's Athletic Association, which was j accomplished within a few weeks. Membership is voluntary and usually includes 30-40 percent of the Woman's College student body. The Association has chairmen 16 "^"See p,42, ante . ^ " ^Chronicle , Nqv. 9, 1927. 18 Chronicle , Mar. 5, 1930. 94 for various sports, to encoiirage interest and arrange contests. Its program is confined almost entirely to the campus, there "being no regular schedule of inter- collegiate athletics for women. The Association is advised "by the Physical Education staff of Woman's College. The Nereidian Cluh was organized in the Winter of 1929-30 by students interested in swimming. The I^- Chapter VII ]*RAX1£NITIES JJSD SQEQRITISS, SOCIAL While there Is no prof-undity in the ohservation that the species homo s^iens is gregarious, it is nonetheless interesting to observe the group formations of s^s in college. There have he en cluhe of like-minded persons ever since Adam, or one of his early grandchildren, hecame bored with the men- tal menu of his own fireside; and it is to be si^posed that there was a more- or-less exclusive fratemit^r* at the first college. So strong is the compuLsion to be a joiner that societies of one sort and another have existed sub rosa in many institutions which have fro%med on the idea of organized groups within their jurisdictions. Since early times, collegians have formed co-operative clubs for economical provision of necessities. Sating clubs are perhaps most common in this category. The Greek letter (or "social") fraternity is somewhat related — though seldom for the purpose of economy it would seem. Generally speaking, fraternity (and sorority) moabership at Duke adds $150-$200 a year to the student's expenses. "''Most collegiate fraternities suad sororities give themselves the title of "academic" societies. On the campus, they are considered "social" clubs, while the real fraternities of scholars (Phi Beta Kappa, for exaxnple) are known as "honor societies." These distinctions, popular and aptly descriptive but not official, are followed in this chapter. 3li b^^iiTi&^to to jea^l »Qi ao J:*-n»o ■ -iO f'9.T~^'' Li.i» *"• 96 A. Men's Undergradtiate Groups Twenty nationally-organized -undergraduate men's fraternities have chartered groups at Dake» and one of these was founded here. Since the general ban of 1879 only one fraternity has been discontinued — Phi Sigma Delta; and its demise was not from outside pressure hut from insuffiency of inner strength. It was on Horemher 28, 1871 that Chi Phi (Southeni Order) Pratemity formally established a chapter at "Old Trinity," giving the institution its first connection with an intercollegiate social society. Alpha Tau Omega followed in 1872, Kappa Sigma the next year, and Phi Delta Theta in 1878. It was in 1879 that the Board of Trustees "banned all fraternities at Trinity, and for eleven years the college claimed no fraternities. At Duke, as at other colleges and universities, fraternities have received undue credit for annoyances and devilment of many kinds. There is still a pronounced inclination among the off-cantpus public to regard all fraternities as clubs for refined and moneyed hoodlums. While college frater- nities have occasionally furnished justification for such a view, most groups perhaps deserve better reputations than they have with the general public. The Greek letter fraternity is the outgrowth of man's natural desire to associate himself with men of similar ideas and ideals with vJaom he has a common bond. . . . It is a ^dop of men with common ptirposes, living, playing, studying together, with an tuderlying feeling of deep friendship. It is a grcvop of select men, each of whom contributes to the grou^ and benefits from this association with chosen brothers of the same character. It is a group of men united in a high ideal, beautifully expressed in their secret ritual. It is an association that makes a man of the youth who entered college, and sends him out into the world pdsed and self-confident, and, more important, surrounded with a grot^ of friends who will be close to him through life. Because the fraternity neither accepts a shoddy prospect nor tolerates a weak chapter, one's loyalty is not restricted to his own chapter, for evexy man who wears the badge is a brother. • . . ,8Tei cl -»>-»*>.'rT' n.*.r«G li^ &fiiB tififty: t"9a 9d: jsmaiS rtqo,%X «?^Br rtl f'*?^^ •.-?»*,nft d^i^IXoo eJ.frfV .^irmlboori. bvz'^nom btxB jb^crilst Tot acfxfXo 5« J9«i*xm^ • -:• :^--- ,voi -• i! ....;> xo- froJ^Jso.rtx^^at'r. is.isXrr:':'' - 'Xaxioi^r:^.- .^'/.aj-' =-' '" ,3xX±uq .usi<3ijs.':'.ii- iizs^i.i a^xi in ^&lii>ii.ei&t1 '"cO^i-I* 5ii*fil -loC lo I>a3 sir ... .^. . .««•> dri* -?• ^- .v. . > ed* al «di "^e *2o'i ©Kx/I Q I* . an . « 8A>.r xr&.-; i^rl^ aid S ti Isvirst too. Uiivw , ?.i»^«T - ,-, ...ilwsa ,!J:>ti» « d8... ..., . - --s fcoa b9:siFisvto ,si9ii*o we'i « il*Jtv ,ixjt>^ ssadT .r- -J 'to n^H&t$ TofcX ed* c .: 1 rusi8jr7»*sT if^ 5i rioidw»-/>ir ^ j^^iici' I 3C1* o» I»^iis« •*»■*' i-Xi ,8'' *iA. „. , . . ,_ :. . „.. - . - :..'. . . :. .•^-'•r^rrtl ■ : ■ - -■ - ■ ■ ■ ■ • ac . ■ ' ^ '■ S19*; oxiIC ry:»l ad* al :io-Bi9^xu.vrf ed* lo we^ A ,aoiam diiw oCtow 98 Vintoa, being a fifth-Tear tindergraduate , did not Join the group, but agreed to give it his moral support — and was expected to give more tazigible aid. When the more tangible support was nor given, the new group, named Alpha Chi, looked around for another "angel" and found that Douglas 7e]*ris, senior whose family was reputed to be wealthy, was not a member of a fraternity but would like to be. He was invited to membership, and was made first president of Alpha Chi. (After graduation he donated a set of curtains to the chapter room, D-103, which helped to create a slight feeling of brotherly love where prac- tically none had existed before.) Still without an "angel," Alpha Chi pledged Colden Craig, •40, whose father was freqfoently mentioned within the grou^ as being Vice- president of Clyde-Mallory Steamship Lines. His mother seemed especi- ally interested in Colden becoming a Beta Theta Pi, and young Craig seemed interested in Alpha Chi during the early part of 1937-38, but soon lost active interest. H, Grady Gore, a prospective little "angel," did not return to school in the Pall of 1937. Thus, in 1937-38, Alpha Chi was an impecunious group of somewhat- better-than-average students and athletes. A chapter room, D-103, was rented in the Pall of 1937, and rent was paid during the remainder of the year, although the grot^'s finances were frequently in a bad way. Several members were pledged during the year, but none with a great deal of money. Gerald Griffin was the biggest acquisition of the year, he being a junior and very much interested in getting Alpha Chi accepted by a big fraternity* During the latter part of the year Carolina's chapter of Beta Theta Pi decided it did not like Alpha Chi's membership, and decided to colonize at Duke (pledge Duke men, and let them join the TJNC chapter until there should be a sufficiently large number to organize a chapter at Duke). One of the Alpha Chi boys went over to the Carolina Beta chapter in this way. The Betas at Duke (alumni and graduate students) irere highly in favor of acceptance of Alpha Chi, as was the chapter at Davidson; but, according to Alpha Chis, the Carolina chapter (being largely coa^osed of Southerners) did not like the predominantly Northern mem- bership of Alpha Chi, and therefore would not give its consent to acceptance. By June 1938 the prospect of Alpha Chi's survival seemed dim, especially since Der Tatevasian, spearhesui of the group, had been elected Chronicle Editor and said he would have less time to devote to affairs of Alpha Chi. Before the Carolina Betas began colonizing at Duke, depleting the membership of Alpha Chi, the local fraternity had been approached by two or three of the less prominent national fraternities, but neither the members nor the University administration were interested in having any but first-rate "big- name" fraternities. The best Alpha Chi could do in this line was to approach Chi Phi. (The s^proaching was a sort of mutual affair, as Chi Phi was anxious to re-establish the chapter which had existed at Trinity College, 1871-79.) During Novem- ber and December of 1938, 13 members of Alpha Chi pledged Chi Phi at Chapel Hill, On January 21, 1939, eight of these were initiated Ji'C v^a odS ,ir9rvis "^on aaw alulr^oaJ ©tor ^d" a . ' Ib aldli .tsJ sl^tiJ £ ,?"^ £J9f "^ «tf©8^ rf'frJai joa x>iij 8SW , ■_fj/r»»*»,-«7»;» ri* 9^?^ wo P' •tiS9i^ A cjriv ftroc j»c *^«w i-^riw ci jasBflfts 9ii " fclWR , -,:c ^* 99 throtigh Alpha Alpha chapter at Carolina, and Alpha Ma chapter (Doke) was accepted subject to appro-ral of the national convention, in Ao^st, The Duke chapter's petition was granted and charter approved by the national body, and formal Installation was costpleted at Duke on December 5, 1939. ^ The Duke chapter of Beta Theta Pi was installed October 6, 1939. On the following sheet are listed Duke fraternities for undergraduate men, with pertinent facts concerning each. Then, on following sheets are brief histories of the individual groups. Most of these sketches were prepared with assistance of student officers of the organizations. %ew8 Service files. no ,Me^,i ecivivv sv3«C' 100 HATIQUAL UKD2HGRA33UATE SOCIAL JHATBENITIBS AT DUO TJNI7I!RSITT Iratemity Chapter Established Predecessor Organization Alpha Tau Omega Xi Mar. 2. 1872 Revived May 30, Unknown, if any 1890 Beta Theta Pi Gramma Sho Oct. 6, 1939 Keys ClTib, Alpha Chi. Beta Club Chi Phi Ma Alpha Ifa Nov, Dec. 28, 1871 5. 1939 Unknown, if any Keys Club. Alpha Chi Chi Tsa Alpha Oct, 3, 1920 None* Delta Sigma Phi Alpha lips il on Jan, 24. 1920 Stag Club Delta Tau Delta Delta Kappa Dec, 7, 1928 Delta Delta Kappa Alpha Alpha Phi Oct. 18, 1901 Unknown, if asy Keqppa Sigma Eta Prime Peb. 28, 1873 Unknown, if any Lambda Chi Alpha Gamma Theta Zeta Mar, 3. 1924 Beta Pi Phi Delta Theta K, C, Alpha May 23, 1878 Revived May 20, 1926 Bachelors' Club Epsilon Alpha Sigma Phi K«ppa Psi N, C. Alpha Nov, 10. 1934 Sigma Delta Phi Kappa Sigma Sa Nov, 13. 1936 Sigma Alpha Omega Pi Epsilon Pi Phi Sigma Delta Chi Expired 1935-36 Pente Pi ILappa. Alpha Alpha Alpha Nov, 26. 1901 Unknown, if any Pi Kappa Phi Ha May 6, 1915 Unknown, if any Sigma Alpha Spsilon N. C. Nu Peb, 20, 1931 Psi Delta Sigma Sigma Chi Beta Lambda i^r. 26. 1912 Ma Kappa Klan Sigma Hu Nov. 21. 1931 Goblins, Sigma Gamma Bachelors' Club Sigma Phi Spsilon H. C, Gamma i^r. 3. 1909 Beta Nu Zeta Beta Tau Upsilon May 4. 1935 Alpha Pi Sigma ♦Pounded at Trinity, but no chapter here since 1929, vIv^U 'A^i^'^X^ 'ifJB It ,JSWO difXO jet ? jirtv "^'.^.lA .Oi. IT8X .■. : .ToK IX od^ & ' ifixQ t~ CSv^I t- • . r;-'.- •^^■'•L'^' (fx-'IO OS€I ,l€ ,fMlt uolisqii .- jtdlf ./i ^c- ^'r^-^ ?5«:.CI ,^ .o< «qQ«2 ^^IS^I A^XyC ii»T f. xO^£ ,ix • *a. IH^*? iiic^^i- ariqi^ '^i- £V8X ,SS .d©l •Lii^'a «jK i3P!:jisi i. *se.{ ,2 .inM bJ«^' ^5«ri^ r- -... .:1k iiiC fil ( ^. " CC- .'- . AioriT «;^r-" • ■-■ \>'1 irVi-Lt? I^SCi ,cx .TC^ aUqXiL .0 .K Jta rt rf noIJtBqvJ iioXla<^ lri*I :ir;i3 STtsn ^©.tqsifo oif I'-tf .AS^ri^iiTl *£ XJ«» ' 101 Alpha Taa Omega The Duke chapter of Alpha Tau C^ega was f oonded at Trinity College on March 2, 1872, hy Joseph E, Anderson, Virginia Military Institute, and Moses L, Wicks, University of Virginia, Twenty-five strident s in the first gronjp of initiates included Turnifold McL. Simmons (who hecame United States Senator from North Carolina) and Walter Hines Page (who served as Ambassador to Creat Britain daring World War I, and for whom Page Auditorium was named). Alpha Tau (kega's charter was surrendered in 1879 because of anti- fraternity laws. It was revived on May 30, 1890 "by Robert W. Bingham (not a Trinity student) >^o later became Ambassador to Great Britain, Among outstanding recent projects of Alpha Tau Omega is the weeld.y Sunday Sight "Sing, " a regular feature of caii5)us extra-curricular life since 1937. Beta Theta Pi The earliest recorded attempt to establish a chapter of Beta Theta Pi fraternity at Duke Ihiiversity was in 1932, when on February 15, a grou^ of first- year men organized the Keys Club, with Dean D. M, Arnold as adviser. The group's intention was to petition the national order for a charter. The club numbered I several outstanding caucus figures among its members, but failed to attract much money. The national order gave little encouragement toward petitioning. Dean Arnold died February 13, 1934, and the Keys Club lost strength immediately. By June 1936 the groi^ was practically inactive. Ernest Winton, one of the early members and perhE^s the most wealthy member, was still interested in establishing a coxmection with Beta Theta Pi. He approached Boosevelt Der Tatevasian with the idea, and the organization of Alpha Chi resulted. 101 \ s j-off) lORTlr^nM ,Vi *t65bM no J^srive-; eew ;j: .s^^i x^i^^'i- " Vri so»rii' ac??: ' *e^ 0* tcmB^i& JieMtoot '^^oilijus 9-i'* j'-.-r-r- -,r ..,«?^::rf^r . e: f--T^"F:. , . -^«;: dj.»v ^ci/IO s^'oTI e-^^ baaifrs-n.to n^c: ioi./ - , ri*3i:'- 3r:3'^- -iii^: ^clJ03:i£:?D -; -~i:^5xiui:. r =■ r^x ■' 102 Alpha Chi vas established in the Pall of 1936 and granted a seat on the Fraternity Pan-Hellenic Council in February 1937. It gained strength, was s5)proached by two or three national fraternities; but persevered in the intent to petition Beta Theta Pi. By Pall of 1938 Alpha Chi decided that it could no longer compete against sixteen national fraternities in the anrmal rushing without a national affiliation. Beta Theta Pi was anxious to establish a Bake chaspter, but the Chester at University of ITorth Carolina would not approve the Oaks body. Beta decided to colonize at Buke, and one Alpha Chi member joined throu^ the Chapel Hill chapter. Thus was begun the Beta Club, which on October 6, 1939 became Gramma Sho chapter of Beta Theta Pi. Chi Phi Background of the revived Chi Phi chapter (Alpha Mu) has already been given, Following is sketch on the original chapter (Mu), taken from the C3IIT3MIA1 MEMORIAL VOLUME, published in 1934 by the Council of The Chi Phi Fraternity. The Mu Chapter at Trinity had one of the most brilliant histories of any of the chs^ters of the Southern Order, both before and after the union. In the Fall of 1871 a number of students at Trinity decided to establish a chap- ter of a National Fraternity, there being none at the institution, Theodore Winningham and John Daniel Hodges were the leaders. A former student of Trinity, David Lewis Cheatham, had gone to Emory and there Joined the K^pa Chapter of Chi Phi. Winnin^iam wrote him and in November Cheatham came to Trinity and as the result of his visit the constitution was forwarded from the Grand Chapter, and on November 28, 1871 the Mu Chapter was established with these charter mem- I bers: Theodore Winningham, William Capers Herman, William Ho%/ell Pegram, William .--.rod" d>^ •rii avoTcqp *oa i>Ix,T>w Aflllonaw atiott it ^cfis-revlxrU *« ts;* i^ Ifirr-'O srf* f^j^C'irf* iftnl** r*'?"''?' ii^f ■iffqXi. •«© &«« ,flo{w ,u.,-iO £;^fi. .. w ruu^erf saw fx/r' ...,^„ ..-^ h:% iJO neons' ,(i^«^'} •re^.:J5rIo XDi Xi-fO ariT \o 103 Leake Terry, and Shadrach Siinpson. Hodges was not in college at the time lut on his return he too joined the chapter. The chapter prospered from the start and thro-aghout the short eight years of her life maintained a commanding posi- tion at the institution. Severed years later other fraternities vere estahlished and the rivalry hecame so strong that at a meeting of the Trustees June 12, 1879 a resolution was passed reqiiesting all fraternities to disband. Obe resolution was submitted to the several chapters and at once accepted. Several tinsHccess- fttl attempts have been made in later years to revive the chapter. Owir^ to the high type of Mu's members they took a prominent place in fraternity affairs. The ^aarterly was revived by Brother Hodges, and Brother CVerman served as Grand Gamma. The roll contains the names of seventy members. Thirty-six graduated from Trinity. Of the eight classes graduated, the vale- dictorians of six and the salutatorians of three were members of the chapter and more than two-thirds of the Society medals were c«^tured by the brothers. Porty-foiir of the members are deceased and four saw service in the Confederate side in the Civil War. Chi Tau Chi Taa was founded at Trinity College, October 3, 1920, by Henry Belk, Merrimon Teagae Hipps, Samuel L. Holton, Jr., and Numa iVances Wilkerson, It existed as a local organization -until the Spring of 1923, when on May 2, 1923, a joint meeting was held at Durham with Lambda Sigma Delta, a local at North Carolina State College, This resulted in the formal establishment of Chi Tau, which became incorporated under the laws of North Carolina. Chf^ters were chartered at Duke University, North Carolina State College, University of North Carolina, Wake Forest College, Presbyterian Col- lege of South Carolina, University of California, Columbia University, Wofford College, University of Illinois, and perhaps others. A quarterly magazine was published for some years. The motto was "Esse Qua n Videri ," the motto of the State of North Carolina. Internal dissension developing, the fraternity dis- integrated in 1929. — Condensed from Baird's Mantial, 1935. >0l . .'!" -;r^" ~*fiw vfro't "=•!<■ -••^: .5tt-^.'::V -•♦L^r • ad* "380 .^^iixii'! noil bei&tfbar^ xls-^- •■'^''.;; "^r^ ^(.-f'f'*^ * Jin': "■ 104 Delta Sigma Phi In 1919 nine students organized a club called the Stag Club. In 1930 this group petitioned I>elta Sigma Phi Pratemlty for membership. The request was granted, and ilpha %>8ilon chapter was instaloed^ The new chapter grew, and when Trinity College became Duke University and moved to the new caucus, the chapter got a section in House R, Craven Qpadrangle. The annual Black and White Ball in the Fall and Sailors' Ball in the Spring are outstand- ing D,1!.S. traditions at Suke. The nine charter members: Hilliard Chreitzberg Folsom, John William Hoy Norton, Lloyd Bryan Hathaway, Villiam Paison Muarphy, Jr., Oscar Leonard Eichardson, Alexander Betts Wilkins, Charles Ployd Woodard, LeEoy Riddick, Richard Elton Thigpen. Delta Tau Delta Delta Kappa chapter was installed December 7, 1928. It was the outgrowth of the Delta Delta Club, founded in 1923. Dean D. M* Arnold was a member, and adviser till his death. In 1932-33 Delta Es^pa, with 55 actives, broke a ten-year scholarship record among chapters of all 16 national frater- nities having 50 or more ch^ters in the United States. Members of the Delta Delta Club when it became Delta Tau Delta were: Joseph T. Carruthers, Jr., Jamie H, Brum, Paul D, Veasey, Louis A, States, Worth A. Lutz, John L. Woodward, Charles LaPair, Nelson Mc&ary, Alton G. Sadler, Everett B, Weatherspoon, J, Pred Evans, George B. King, Theron A. Bone, W. Tate Whitman, Joseph W. Mann, P, Jack Martin, J. Irvin Morgan, Jr., George E, Nash, Horace L. Wise, and Robert M. Russell, Delta TacL Delta has been one of the largest of Dake fraternities for the entire period of its existence. iol • dxiiO -^tc Bdi osIXjbo dalo a bBslas^^to sizBl^L^ii* mala 6X61 g1 -^;i3*aiJi.c VIS -^Ai'iffi ■ ;-TcIi<»2 ''^ - (I^'S adt rrl If"' .^ . T J» Tinoliltati ,C, , •jsllir.f xrr(flTw ,.ro»».r©f •a»r*H"»*|t.«»'T'fO &t#:iIHH tsi^o'.iwia ts^iaIo aalc 9i^ btnxtcal ,.- , ^-'^ '-'»lIXiV ,vijs»r.* '■'"■'" iraxiS fi^o.r^ ,,T-■^'=-• .«? aw i)io.TiA. •>! .a afveCL . Z at bBbavot .cfxrXO ijji^CI «*X»cr 9tii Jo d^wo- 105 Zappo. Alpha President John C. Ellgo is credited with encouraging the organization of Alpha Phi chapter, vhich came into "being October 18, 1901. On that evening W, G. Parker (Eta Chapter) and E, A, Law (Delta Chapter), members of the iUrinity student hody, and V. D, Oarmichjtel (Upsilon Chapter at University of Horth Carolina, then on the Dorham High School faculty, met in the 9019 Hall in the Old Inn and organized the chapter. That same evening, D. V. Nevsom, J, M. Ormond and J. P. Breedlove %rere initiated and named charter members. A tem- porary organization was set t^, and E. V* Spencer and M. S. Hewsom, Jr., were elected to membership. The second year of its life, Alpha Phi's membership reached fifteen. It has continued relatively small in size, and comparatively exclusive. It is generally regarded as being predominantly Southern, E. A. ' s first home on the University caucus was on the third floor of House J. In 1955 it was moved to the fourth floor of House Gr, where headquar- ters were maintained till the Fall of 1937, when two ch^qpter rooms were arranged on the first floor of House G. Alpha Phi chapter was host to the Convention of Smith Province of K^pa Alpha in October 1937. Kappa Sigma The history of the Eta Prime ch^^ter of Eappa Sigma has been closely 'linked with the national organization from its beginning. Eta chapter being the second grot^) to be installed. The original ch«5)ter at the University of Virginia granted a charter and installed Eta chapter at Trinity in 1873. When jfratemities were banned in 1879, Zappa Sigma continued sub roea and was .01 '^..•■- -i'-- -.-i-> ,M .L ,no3W9lI .W ,1 .^-dtaevs eass *adT .isi.^o ad* basisms^o baa. oc- d'z^v' ,.i.» .-wsitf^ii .» .M ^-afi i«3rtsti£ •¥ , t:^ J38 saw noi- ■-S-rtaH's .^teemi l>9rf035*?- -:-i^-T-^- <.^- p'*.-*^ ^^^-fA .?*/r 9*!^ *r t-r 5--^— o;^ r- -r-r- £».•> - ■ ";svi:r' .>-.'+ -■^< oiaotl tatilk a*. - .ifKct 6u» b9imliafi0 i ax i)eaco8c siov aalJitt'r' :'j? 106 officially restored in 1892 as Eta Prime. Date of installation at Trinity was February 28, 1873. For the last several years the chapter has had monthly formal dinners for its memhership. Its ptuTpose, officially stated, is "to continue to fulfill its heritage of prominence and leadership in every field of activity, and to build character and fraternal spirit among its members." Lambda Chi Alpha In 1917 a local fraternity was founded at Trinity, and took the name Bachelors* Club. In 1922 the name was changed to Beta Pi. On December 28, 1923, Beta Pi was granted a charter by Lambda Chi Alpha. The following charter mem- bers were initiated at Washington and Lee University on March 3, 1924: Hal Aycock ^iver Vrilliam J. H. Cotton E. E, Perry Thomas N Graham Lloyd S/Elkins Wayne Burch Robert S, Burke Jackson H. Bonn Charles S. Hammond Robert A, Burch, Jr. Alonzo C^ Edwards Ernest &. Overton William G. Sharp Jack E^ Anderson Richard T. Hardaway Linwood B* Hollowell James M. Keech John B. Midgett Thomas B« Moore Emerson M, Thoispson Joseph C, Whisnant Alton R, Barrett Robert B, Billings Macon P. Brock William R, Brown Edward W, H. Sagertedt Joseph P. Roche Loy P. Thoinpson Before occttpation of the Thiiversity Campus, Lambda Chi Alpha was one of four or five fraternities having houses near the East Campus, behind Bivins Hall. It has been one of the largest of Duke fraternities since its founding. Phi Delta Theta Phi Delta Theta founding at Trinity College was on May 23, 1878. 5. M. Bulla, Philemon Holland, Jr., B. L, White, and W, H, Robbins were founders. The charter was revoked with the abolition of Trinity fraternities in June 1879. ^ May 20, 1926, a new charter was granted, following effort led by Martin L. Black. I BOI « .tI. .n ■iT:-€ , a' • ■ nc* 'id'.V [ - f *^ \ < r ^oJ il .Cl^H aaivia fiaWetf .3; sri;? tH.-^a '^f^iircd ^ilrjsri 8«l?i;irx9*A'£' .^allJiiool 8*1 »ofll8 aei;riari»*«'r'*. srlx.KI to i^Br-i-j^l sdi to sac nee 107 The local gravxp, known as Spsilon Alpha Sigma, had heen estahlished in i924; there was some relation with the bachelors' Club. In 1936 the tenth anniversary of refoTinding of the chapter was held, with Arthur H, Priest, National Dzecutive Secretary, attending. Hhe Delta Province Convention was held at Doke the same year. In 1937 the Horth Carolina Alpha ch^ter was host at the national convention atCfld Point Comfort, Virginia. Phi Eappa Psi Daring the Spring and Pall of 1928 a group of undergraduates, under the guidance of the late Dean D. M. Arnold, tound themselves into an organization vhich assumed the name of Sigma Delta. In 1934 a formal petition was submitted to the National Szecutive Council of Phi Ee^pa Psi I^atemity, and in J\ine of that year a charter %ras granted to Sigma Delta as the North Carolina Alpha sh^^ter of the order. The chapter was officially installed November 10, 1934. Founders of Sigma Delta are unknown. The following students were sharter members of Phi Zc^pa Psi: Robert T. Dickerson Albro Sumner Travis 0, B, Newton, Jr. Charles T, St. Clair, Jr. Joseph S. Shieferly, Jr. Edwin W» Smith Bobert 0. Wade David G. Watson Charles W. Zehnder, Jr. Charles S. Dale, Jr* Theodore P. H.Boepple Richard P. Bellaire James S. Allardice Charles H. Baker, Jr. Eomer H. Haydock Richard L, Beazley Harry Wright, Jr. Frederick R. Lauther Russell J. Forrest William A. Boepple Caleb Van Wyck Smith, Jr. Howard Eastwood, Jr. Harry B. Carmen, Jr. Richard D, Jenkinson, Jr. Donald A. Stewart Ceorge R. Bailey, III John S. Rose Henry H. Dils, Jr. Lawrence L, Gent Lloyd Russell ^^^''^^^^^^^yigoj.g Janes Edward Heniy Robert S. Rankin ) Howard R. Oetz he Doke chapter was host to the District Convention in the Spring of 1937. C-Tf ,-v ». leC/lfJ , 2 S7--^L'.Oi. •£;--£?■ jM'O-i.,', i: ac. , ' •T .A T'J tJiv V 108 Phi Eappa Sigma On Novem"ber 12, 1926 was formed Pi Bpsllon Pi, local fraternity, with the following charter members: James W, illison, Jr., George Thomas Ashford, Lawrence Seall, Boselle Sowd, Owen !!• Dowd, James Wilbur IHittrell, William T. Hamlin, Walter Harold Hayes, A« J, Hughes, Jr., J. ilton Price, Cecil C, Hankin, Edward Shore Haper, Owen Sutton, and Samuel N, Wrenn. Or, Bert Cunningham, H, M. LeSourd and Coach James DeHartC were faumlty members • In September 1928 was organized another local fraternity, Sigma Alpha G^ega, with the following charter members: William B, Oulbreth, Harry W. Davis, Ealph W, Ponville, William H, Harrison, Jr., William C. Hauss, Linville E. Midge tte, J. E. OliTer, Lester A. Smith, and Fred J. Welch. In 1933 Sigma Alpha Omega received permission fran the Grand Chapter of Phi Eappa Sigma to initiate members of the local into the national organi- zation through Lambda Chester at University of North Carolina. In 1934 per- mission was given to call the Duke group the Phi Eappa Sigma Club. Pi Epsilon Pi joined this group May 13, 1935, and Kvl Chsgpter of Phi Ecqppa Sigma was officially installed on November 13, 1936. Phi Sigma Delta Chi Ch£^ter of Phi Sigma Delta, national Jeirish fraternity, was Installed March 9, 1929. The last records left by the organiratlon were for the year 1935-36. It was in 1935 that Zeta Beta Tau established a chapter at !>ake and became the center of Jewish life on the campus. No explanation has been found for the expiration of Phi Sigma Delta, nor have the names of charter nembers been learned. Evidently, the chapter never had great strength. Phi Sigma Delta succeeded Pente, organized in 1926-27. ,f^'tr^l3A ?-?.:-■'':' '-•^i::'?'^ ..tT. ,n ^IfTA .W 89f>»a''^ :»^!«»'f-:'9f!i 7»**t&£l3 ■^twoLLi. ,jii,:lftaa .: XloeO .snit^ iicJXA. .^ . . x' .j-vaVH ." .A ,3fr/,AH fcloofiK ts^IisV ,l).':m9f£t1 L&ocl TOf(*oas baslaas**^ saw 8S6X ladadJ-^^S nI :,™^*j^ -rf* fflot'i /lOiesiiiTtS!? I>dvldo9i -r^d-aO adqlA d:a:^lS EZ^l al -i'9>r ^Sei al ,^ni loisl "te %i laiav inh iB t^iq^O *ii>tf^pJ il,s>i;o'xrI;J ;' • f.S .aiivsaso 9dt flo sill riaiweL "to tQisteo 9i 109 Pi Zappa Alpha Sdward Octavius Smlthdeal, Sll Wade Cranford, John Dallas Laziest on and Charles Darid Bdgerton signed a petition to Pi Kappa Alpha yrateimity for a charter for a chapter at !Erinity College, and the ch«5>ter was installed on Novemher 26, 1901. It is considered the fifth oldest of Duke fraternities. Pi Kappa Phi Ma Chapter of Pi Kappa Phi was hegan hy colonization. Official Installation was on May 6, 1915. Charter meiobers: Carl Frank Bunting, Arthur Russel Council, Emmet Fitzgerald Gill, Dewey Cecil Hickman, Sari Long, Leon Oathbert Hichardson, Bernice Owen Rigshee, Janes Balph Hone, Frank Metthews Lasser, and Thomas Joshua Swain. Sigma Alpha Spsilon In the Fall of 1926 several close friends among undergraduates formed a cluh, evidently without a name. On May 1, 1927, the group decided to call itself Psi Delta Sigma. Charter members were: Samuel Freeman Nicks, Jr., H, Manrin Sherard, Helson Ireland, Jr., Jordan James Sullivan, Haywood S. Lynch, Charles Orayson Biggs, Donald R. Lumpkin, Sari H, Lutz, Vade H. Myers, R. W. I Lamm, and C. Brian Aycock. Faculty advisers were Drs. S. V, Kelson and Clement Vollmer. The groizp became N, C« Ihi Chapter of Sigma Alpha Spsilon on February 30. 1931. sa:i^-^ '■,r«.T«.- ->*?" t.^ r^ liSvjS ^f'ltXA iiflr«:i£ 110 Sigma Chi During the year 1910-11, or before, there existed a small social organization without name, with A. M, Proctor aa chairman. On ^ril 8, 1911 this group hecame Mu Eappa Elan. Ha Kappa Elan was chartered as Beta Lamhda of Sigma Chi on March 28, 1912, and the cheater was officially installed on J^ril 26, 1912. Charter members: 2dward C. McClees, Claude Bennett, Thomas ?• Pace, Harvey VT. Tomage, William W, Button, Oscar B, Darden, Paul H. North, Hubert M. Hadcliff , Don H, Kirkaan, Marvin C, Terrell, Daniel V, Maddox, James Cannon, John Thomas Moon, Jr*, John M. Thon^son, ?red W. Terrell, Hobert L. Tove, Jtmius H. Sose, Alexander M* Bonner, Walter G. Sheppard, and Ben H* Houston, Jr. The chapter has continued as one of the largest and strongest of Dolce fraternities. In April 1936 Beta Lambda was host to the biennial Pour-Province Convention of Sigma Chi. Sigma Ku iiarly in the Pall of 1938, three brothers in Sigma Nu (Phil H, Crawford, Jr., J, William Braswell, and Harry P. Taylor— all of whom had been initiated at other colleges) organized a club with the purpose of creating a Sigma Hu chapter at Duke. Other clubs had been established in previous years for the same purpose, but they left no records. On January 14, 1929, the three brothers met with other interested students and decided to call themselves The Goblins. As such, the group was recognized until 1931. Other prominent Goblins were Ben Powell, Andrew Bickett and Charles L. Major. Installation was on Kovember 21, 1931, following granting of charter in Aoguat of that year. The chapter was given the name Gamma. :/i t£d Horiw ^0 IIb— •xoI'iJB* •i i,ttfi^- baa ,1. iteiii*- •"/ ,.*u t-io/- -^T; I .■:'-:,iu-t ,1 .'SlrrsjlO btf£ Jie^Lot^ ,d^'iJ^is^ .ii^wci ii-e-. ote<# saixCC-L^ Jjia^iiac'':- lori* ;ait'i&rio *o ^iJcai^ :^JtwcIIo'i ,ISei ,XS rtddsafrcK no ajsw aoiieiiaiJaixI Ill Charter meml>er8 of Gaoana of Sigma Nu: Claire T, Crenshaw, Ponald ?• Marion, Henry P. Richards, William ?• Reed, Richard A. Broherg, William S. Martin, John C. Long, Jr., Philip L, Franklin, Donald W. Miller, and Aiaea W, Villiams. ibiong other previous groups vhich had at one time or another e:qpre8sed desire or intention of petitioning Sigma Hu were the Bachelors' Club (founded in 1925) and Sigma Gramma (founded Octoher 5, 1925). The gror:^ vhich founded Chi Tau on October 3, 1920, had also expressed some preference for Sigma Su. Sigma Phi Spsilon The only historical facts which have been established relative to Sigma Phi Ilpsilon's N. C, (rajmna Chapter are that it was installed ipril 3, 1909, and was preceded by a local order known as Beta Ku, Zeta Beta Tau Freddy Sington, who was for a while on the football coaching staff, bad been a member of Zeta Beta Tau at the University of Alabama. In 1932-33 he led the movement for establishing a ch^^ter at Duke. The first grou^ was kaown as Alpha Pi Sigma — Alpha Pi being for the brother chapter at Chapel Hill and Sigma for Sington. The organization was rather loosely-knit till 1934-35, when Sam Rogol was elected president. Original members were: Abe Altermaa, I llWlbert Cohen, Milton Weinstein, Irwin Friedlander, Nathan Weinstein, Sidney i Volt 2, Sam Golds tein, Harry Ginsberg, and Rogol. Joe Abrams, a senior law student, was advisor to the grov^ after Sington left; Abrams had been a member of the order at Vanderbilt University. LLl ■ ^ 9i^.$ ©now x/Ti ^^iS salAclJl^sq io coIJae^ni r» ei .jtfW «*»£ BJ? avejfTH lefenc UccI « ■?;« Jja-.ftc;eiq^ s^v IIe ao aJ ' ict afiv orfw ^nci-uxtZ ■^i^L9^1 112 ,. Alpha Pi Sigma beeajae Upsilon chapter of Zeta Beta Tau on May 4, I 1935. (The name is sometimes given as Alpha Upsilon.) I Since its installation, Z. B. T. has consistently earned the top scholastic ranking among Duke fraternities. It was founded at about the time of expiration of Phi Sigma Delta, and has been the ojily Jewish fraternity at Dake since that time. Others All college fraternities, like other secret societies, have their origin in Preemasonry. The first recorded attenipt to organize an independent Masonic order at Duke was in October 1919, by a groiq) which called itself Acacia. Evidently the order did not stirvive the academic rigors of the year. During 1930-31 there was an attempt to form a chapter of DeMolay. Occasional mention is also found in 1931 of a Masonic Club. It may be that reference is to DeMolay. In 1936-37 there was another attempt to form a DeMolay chs^ter. 5?heta Nu Epsilon, local social fraternity founded in 1914, continued for two or three years; in 1916 it was known as The Thirteen Club. In a student news- peqper for March 1925 is found mention of Tellow Dogs social club; whether this was a fictitious society is hot known, fl The following local gro\]p8 have not been identified with any national fraternity, according to available records: Alpha Gkoega Sigma, established 1929. Evidently died the same year. Alpha Sl^na Tau, 1911-13. Mentioned in Chanticleer , 1912, 1913. Alpha Zeta Phi, 1915. Mentioned in Archive , May 1918. The Dons. Organization reported in Chronicle , Oct. 26, 1932. Keys Club, 1921. Not to be confused with Keys Club of 1932, which Ijecame Alpha Chi, then Chi Phi. ?.ll ,1^ -^i iic ii;-;j. £:^'^ i\^Bi, ^.0 •2:-;,^:o ar.:J:gq_v es.Jiz-^< ^":-^xc i-i r^,;!^ 5ie.i*C 4 t-9ji4a ^varf ,3di^aioo8 vstode -sari*© ?»3ii.' ,s©x*irt9^«'5'i 930X1^9 SSJk ( o^gi lot bejsnUffOo .MSX ci rsbstyot x*Jta':»*A'ft lelsoa XeooX .xiollaqt irll a:^ai| --■•-■*■ ■»■-©■-, ," .■"'*''^ i.-co.-t-. *-,r^ B.r" -»(. ^ o£d[ saw ^1 o" '" ■:■; ■■'■■-^'"; sstxiJ' lac ■ • -f' "<^- *"- * "<^'- rnrf aqL'cia ^oqI r^iiwoIX' ' =» "i* Sii;* b^th x^^aehlrii .^QI larfelXdiBiso ,&T>>t2 bjjBcC adrtJA .uI^X •';fiH f&yjfw^i^ r.i £.©iivi-*i&.*I .CXCX ,Xu'=L £.'' - -...-X*. iioXdv ,^?:ei Jr. dulO ^ cbX rl^^^ : '=.3z;l.v-"! Ad" .-f^ ... : .-'-rr A-ra'- . XiiTi Ia'aS itfaiij ,*ii3 &;qX4 o:i'r. © 113 Omega. The only reference to this organization is found in Baird. Our Gang, founded Nov, 5, 1932, Reported in Chronicle , Nov, 30, 1932, Owls, founded atout 1890. Mentioned in Archive , Oct, 1891, p,35. Phi Eappa Delta, 1930-31. Mentioned in Chanticleer and Chronicle Oct. ,J7, 1931, Kehels, 1906, See Alttmni Register , June 1928, p. 228. Sigma Mu, 1871, Mentioned only in Baird. Sigma Tau Alpha, founded Novemher 1926. rormally recognized "by the Administration May 3, 1927. Intended petitioning Delta TJpsllon. See Chanticleer and Chronicle , passim . Fraternity Pan-Hellenic Council I IThe five fraternities of 1910-11 (Alpha Tau Omega, Eappa Sigma, Eappa Alpha, Pi Kappa Alpha, and Sigma Phi %)silon) formed the Fraternity Pan-Hellenic Council for mutual advantages. Organization was encouraged hy the Administration. The Council was reorganized during the 1912-13 term. A member of the college faculty or administration — usually the Dean — was Chairman of the Council till 1927; since then it has teen officered by students, but with close supervision of the Dean. I Since dancing became the most popular approved social activity at I>ake, about 1927, the conducting of big dances has been a major function of the "Pan-Hel." Nearly every year for the last decade at least two "big-name boads" have been inserted each year for the most elaborate dances (xf Pall and Spring — most elaborate dances, that is, with the exceptions of Co-ed Balls of 1937-39, idien Maiy Duke Biddle was enrolled in Woman's College. Orchestras were engaged for fees upwards of $1,000 till 1936, when ^aadrangle Pictures ^Chronicle , Feb, 5, 1913, p,3. JZ Ti'OOflC ■"■* T'-.r'-'?' r i.i .^j to ixiw::Ti«r Rjav — ae«(l ac^ -^IXt'i/fu; — aolJAiisialzba no ■ r-n «! . " rr ^*"^1 - ceo/i».' ftis-sr-Jsis ^ecc arC^ ^o'l tj(?«x riaee B»2^' BB'wioi^ sIiina'diBi^ aw'M ,^£91 Xli* 000,1'^ "io •irxiwofi; «9«1 tol f^c ,l.q .CXei .2 .iel ,-»X5V 114 11 began its yearly eollat>oration irith the Pau-Sellenlc Caancil in obtaining well- known orchestras for combination show-and-dance engagements. Mother major ftmction of the Council is general sv^ervision of fraternity "rushing'': the big hant for new members, "Deferred rushing," "dirty rushing, " "normal relations" and other terms bearing on this subject have become quite familiar to Chronicle readers, for scores of columns of type are set up for fraternity news every year. Following are a few specimen headlines: EiOSDS GST WCEKOUT IH aWSZTUGS -0- 'ratemities Give Welcomes, Cigarettes and Aches to (Gentlemen of 1940 asm HCX7SSS asd FLSDGIHaS MASK SOCIAL ACTITITIBS PAH-HSLLMIC COUNCIL APFROVSS BADICAL RB7ISI0N IN BUSH BIILSS; PLANS NOBMAL BTCLATIONS POEUM BSLATIQNS PLAN LOSSS PPATBBNITIBS PE3PAB3 7QB BUST BUSH WBM ierewith are giren a few specimen newstories released through the University Jews Service on the subject of fraternities. March 7, 1937: HELL WEEK BSTAIKDO BT 10 PBATEBNITiaiS AT mSS UNIVBBSITT -o- Six of the 16 national social fraternity chapters at Duke University this week declared themselves in favor of abolishing "hell week" in connection with their annual initiations. Ten of the fraternities still adhere to the traditional horse-play-and- paddle form of initiation; while six — though not the identical six voting against "hell week" — have already abolished the old method of "informal" initiation. Arthur Bradsher, president of the chapter of Alpha Tsu Onega, succinctly expressed the sentiment of the reform element when he S€dd, "We certainly don't think brotherly love can enter through the seat of the pants." Alpha Tau Omega is the oldest of the 16 national chapters at Duke. 'litr , O;-^/ ,Kj ,j i "-^t:; ' ' r:- 1'. v/ /';v^ 1 c ^. j^. .aeljinij *w * «i iibv*-^ ttV-* 9tdt;9 ari* CO •olr- 1 14 A& ai 4 ai a;:^0ii JlJtl -©tod s-i .-jftvT .7ft*r.«i ,fcjaeiiue Sell to qfota - tr; *i>friC ,;«t«» "?rcr? •,:;i>9aD? Leaiexfa rrxoH Las 'tooH ddfjivtaJini; oaX* *I .oaill » ,^,^51 3a« X • qi/v't^i s i:s';:i' i.. .: OCT •oa&ist^'s .: - * . iie^fesqSi <9io2 »dT l-/:iiis-^ic iSt \o ^■uti mii ia {mH^G. ariqjBS ice ii B^Xtr'i afiiqiA) aaifiiaic •f- .;..''«i«i'c'ft- ■ •■■■■ 'r-?- ■■'"■■ ■ ■■" ■'(•'* . r-r.-i'iif-*- .'nmcw o^ '■?Ji * , ~ '•. . . ■* 117 So far as has teen learned, there have been no social organizations of uncLergradtiate women unaffiliated with the Sorority Pan-Hellenic Coimcil. Following is the roster of those who have heen and are constituents of the Council. Alpha Delta Pi (kicron Chapter of Alpha Delta Pi was established at Duke University, then Trinity College, at 8:30 o'clock p.m., on June 2, 1911, when the following girls were initiated as charter members: Panny Kilgo, Smma McOollen, Mildired Sinclair, Sally Smith, Annie St, George and Lizzie Wrenn. Previously the name of Fanny Kilgo had been given by one of the men students at Trinity College to Celestia Covington of Lambda Chapter of Alpha Delta Pi. Miss Covington was interested in the possibility of establishing a chapter of her sorority at Trinity. Her contact with the local sorority V.D.W. (German letters), led to the Installation of Oinicron Chapter. [V.B.W. was organized in 1910, but no history of its organization has been located.] The Installation of the chapter, which was conducted by Mary Gladys Tilley of Montgomery, Ala,, was held at the home of Dr. John C, Kilgo, then President of Trinity College. Alpha Delta Pi was the first national sorority to become established on the Trinity campus. In 1913, Omicron Chapter together with the local chapter of Kappa Delta and a local sorority, Theta Delta (later Zeta Tau Alpha) , formed the local Sorority Pan-Hellenic Council. Since its founding, certain customs have , developed in the chapter. Each year after pledging a pledge breakfast is given by the active members, Following initiation, the new members are honored at a banquet. Members of ^11 tavi/r'J 9:toa Ifl JJadsiida^se saw 1^ aiX«C i$t(q[Xii ^ taifiAr© aoiolA? .m9i" ^i.t ^0 ,j8 ©Jtrtfli ^dilatd rJIaZ ,tlp ■iZ>: ,..,^. _. . £ «t To^litr'.; 'r.o i»oi.;-bXX^«3ai «ii^ o* i^»X ,\3Tt5,Jdx r:.: .as*:'- ^9:13 ,"^?.^- .^ .Uiol. .1- t<^ i? j« ^La:. a^v ,..>%IiL ,x,"- ,»->0lXoO X* *.-:j-.o Xso:I aji-v jdrii; t^ij^^^zj Z'i:.:^^ rt^iciuO ,^ikI _a ,5.. .-^.o -rXA ukT a;toS a3;ti*X) &: 3I nisd^ ,-rJl: i ban «*X«a 118 Alpha Delta Pi give a nu]nl)er of teas each year, among them a Valentine tea and a tea commemorating Founder's Day. A pledge dance is also given annually* The purpose of the sorority members is the bettering of one another morally, mentally and socially. There is held each year a pledge court which endeavors to formulate and improve the attitude and ideals of the individual in accordance with the standards of the sorority and the xiniversity. Alpha Delta Pi atteinpts to promote scholastic achievement and also to interest the girls in extra-curricular activities. A closer relationship between students and faculty is fostered. I Qmicron Chapter is an active participant in the national altruistic work of the sorority. Sach member makes voluntary contributions in order to further the project in child welfare; in addition, the chapter appropriates a ll fund to aid girls in the completion of their college education. Qnicron has as its own project the assistance of an \inderprivileged Durham child. --Sketch prepared by Evelyn Elemme, 1938. Alpha Spsilon Phi Ifu Beta Phi, new local sorority of Jetiresses, %ra8 organized in the Fall of 1931. Charter members: Sara Berenson, Mildred Pollock, Jeanette Siden- berg, Orace Haehamson and Ethel Nachamson. In March of 1934 a charter was granted by Alpha Epsilon Phi, national Jewish sorority, and the local chapter was installed on ^ril 28, 1934, with the following members: Anne Eatz, Sara Berenson, Jeanette Sidenberg, Jane Lins, Rubye 7ogel, Sthel Hachamson. The patroness, Mrs. Eli Nachamson of Durham, was also installed at that time. The local chapter has encoiiraged and assisted in growth of Hillel, Jaational religious organization for Jews. SII iioWw inssoo 9>.o©Iq b T39y. rla»'» hierf el atSiiT ♦■^X.uiioca !»«« xllsia^m ,%' '^i'l'-m.'^t Jj:i« 5*R^^^>If*9 ic^ov+ya rLvixioi tsl^?^ le* ;i'a A. .esl+ivtiaa ijeJl^'^i fixo- ex .T ydi at :cr arltoa ixc at t^injstiO aotaiaf. .' -i.;c trt'icri^hiw oe to eo.tF**?! -a.- ^•:.* *o5-:'i- rev? - ,bSQI ,Qi.u....r'{ ■T\ -.fc/w -r: ^■axfjqoiq j-s*"- ■ — •j^abtZ ^+*«»f»r«T ,*loollr=? ??«T^^>'•^< eT'^arrote^ «T'»3 : p-a'-frraf! T'»**r'»^C .£?.Pr V /s-wsS ^zifiS. BtaA taiacfneL;: :3c(i>ioXXo'J: 9.-f^ H^fv ^-^Ct ,«• -''^- . "^ larita .I^^o'I e^dirfl ,«iii.: ■ . ,-r -...;■»£ :t2 s^j9fl^*iL ,.j: .: . -.^ .'itoii jsij is b^ilaiml osXa ^saw ,eta:ivru to aosmaiioBi! iX£ •atM ,a-2er , AsIIlH lo iiiwoT, .*)ftB bassT^'ODfya ?»•=?/{ •rf-^in'o X«5'^X ^r^' 119 Alpha Phi Tmto Tankees and a Southerner got together in the Pall of 1933 and founded a local sorority, Xi Qmicron. They were Martha Phyeioc, Elinor Douglas and Suth Bexmett. Betty Ealsema and Sleanor Coogdon soon joined the group. Miss Louise Hall and Mrs, J. C, Mouzon were advisors. In 1934 the groc^ petitioned Alpha Phi and a charter was grented at the 1935 national con-vention. Beta Nu Chapter was installed on May 11, 1935. Delta Delta Delta Alpha Qmicron Chapter of Delta Delta Delta was founded in 1931 when the local sorority Delta Chi Upsilon (founded Octoher 1930) petitioned the national sorority and was granted a charter. Charter members: Margaret Gray Bledsoe, Marian Smith, 5mma Beattie Sloop, Bdith Haines, Martha Stringfield, Ola Belle Whitehead, Prances Tudor, and Mary Gfray Vinget. Date of installation was Uovemher 8, 1931. In its first year the sorority presented to the Pan-Hellenic Council a scholarship cup to he awarded the sorority having the highest scholastic aver- age for each year. Tri-Delta*s chief contrihution to the University, as a social organi- I zation, has heen to foster social activities on the cantpus, givizig dances and frequently entertaining faculty members and friends. — Sketch prepared by Polly Barnwell, Historian, 1937. [Other members of petitioning groi:^: Charlotte Crews, Margaret jQriffin, Mary Elizabeth Hyatt, Hedra Jones, Irene Long, Mary Skinner, Louise Smith.] '>aB SSei \o liel Sri* at i9iii: s rsn boa aeeriosT ovT »il9n acTXeC B^IeC ill b^hnsjo") 8«v a*I»- stflati j»^J«C ''^o td*(T«dO noioia^O arffrXA (ilai'i.'ts.'ii.'i- .>^*i ,e3sxi:I hnB .lortrC saortPi'C ,f>B«riaili(V e *'x : 333ri'\-.i erft nnfvari v.^ItoiOi 9rli L>^btjfWB Bd oi quo qldziMLc '?■-**' lit "ei^lrlj-oa Ic1dc§ t&iao\ ci aadc sac 120 Delta Gamma The first official meeting of Delta Chi local sorority was on March 20, 1958, when the following officers were named: Jean Metz, President; Catherine Blakeney, Vice-president; Shirley Smith, Secretary; Betty Pierce, TreasTurer. Other charter members: Evelyn Gulp, Lxicille King, Jean Metz, Janis Pridgen, Helen Bohrer, Hope Thomas, Helen Will is. The groi^ wc^ recognized by the Sorority Pan-Hellenic Council on May 8, 1938. On May 28, 1959 the group became Beta Theta cheater of Delta Gamma. Kappa Alpha Theta In the Spring of 1925 a group of girls in Trinity College formed a local sorority with the intention of petitioning Kappa Alpha Theta, The name of the local was Sigma Tau. The establishment of this local group was some- thing of a pioneering more, because there had not been a local sorority in the college since 1915, There was, however, a definite need for more sororities. The chapters of the three national groups represented on the campus were small and many girls who would have liked to become sorority members were not pledged. Credit for the organization of the first group goes to Virginia Gribbons, an Alpha Delta Pi of Hamlet, N. C. Her young sister, Beth Gibbons, had not been pledged to A, D, Pi, and Virginia set about interesting a number 1 1 of girls in the formation of a local. A nramber of other "little sisters" who had not been pledged were immediately interested. i * Among the first members of Sigma Tau were: Beth Gibbons, Adelaide fioyal, Mary Scanlon, Jane and Mary Avera, Helen Chandler, and Eebecca Kirkpatrick. Before the national organization granted a charter Beth Gibbons, Helen Chandler and one or two others had dropped out. OP/ Biedl AiUiLh T»qq«3 A b^anc'i %^sXIoO ^(^viisln'i slI «4."ii.-3 to qaora a --^-i. ic :^i'i.:-- 9fi:' -" ■ -intaolitt^ci to aoiic9ial 9di il*iw x^iiotOB riv ''«ioj>^ia el^JlX'- -xajiio to tscf .IaooX s to aoZs^nnol 9di at eli 121 Por two years the local gro\^ was not allowed to fimctlon as a sorority li because Dean Baldwin wished to decide on a definite policy toward sororities before further e^ansion in that field. In the year 1925-26, however, she allowed the groc^ to axmounce its formal organization, and Sigma Tau hecame a I member of the Pan-Hellenic Council. In the Fall of 1926 Sigma Tau rushed for the first time. In I^cember 1927 a telegram announced that Zssp^a. ilpha Theta had granted a charter to the Doke group. The chapter was installed February 19, 1928, with 24 girls as charter members. f The sorority has a number of worthy projects. The chapter supplies a large family in Durham with milk during the entire year. Thanksgiving and Christmas baskets are given to poor families every year. — Sketch prepared by Bebecca Kirk^atrick Sprinkle, 1938. Ke^pa Delta The first sorority established at Trinity College — according to all records that have been established — was Sigma Delta, a local group organized in 1904. Mary Handolph (Mrs. W. P. Pew) and Mary Duke (vho became Mrs. Biddle) vere among the early members. On ipril 19, 1912, this group became the Sigma Delta chapter of Kappa Delta sorority, with the following charter members: Sstelle Flowers, Katie Lee McKinnon, Lucile Gorham, Mary Gorham, Catherine Thomas, and Mary Berry.'* *See Chronicle, 7:27:1; Archive , June 1904. rsr .10108 r, jB ISO ef>lsad& o* r^ansiw aivbiB- -i, &.asf: - ^ '• -' ioss'xo lei'-*' Owi.- w*. -^^^ ; •r'<»Jn«38CI ni .^'- ^ ^* tot fir I ^c XX«1 »diJ^ cl -*isG aer^lt ajnr — 5e;isiIrf*J3e iieeif dvnri ijad; aax-^d' •• . , •■Ox) i/it*:. ,aeiiT;^ sllorl .xiO.tiilSsy ^fij oi . , •. .^»0€I 9£ii;u .avIrf^-sA •I:'7?.:V .ff- Lrcrrrr 122 Kappa Kappa Gamma On April 5, 1927 a local sorority, Sigma Beta, was organized at Duke, This group made its first public appearance on May 10 of that year. The founders were: Bva Malone, Marjorie Cannon, Martha Chesson, Florence Dailey, Edna Slias, Martha G-ihson, and Margaret Lee. Mrs. Clarence Pemberton was patroness. ! This group received a charter from Ec^pa Kappa Gbmma in 1930, and Delta Beta Chapter was installed on Octoher 25, 1930. I Phi Ma I The beginning of Gramma Spsilon Chapter of Phi Ma was the local sorority. Delta Bpsilon, founded in April of 1933. Official installation was on November 9, 1934, with the following charter members: Gwendolyn Clark, Claire Clarke, Sllen Fanmm, Baby Flanagan, Virginia Johnson, Hachael Meetze, Jean Molyneaux, Emily Wilford, Jeaa McCowan, Byelyn Mclntyre, Mary l-hilford, Sara Price, Marion Roe, Bachael Sink, Elizabeth Sutton. Pi Beta Phi In 1928 a local sorority, Mu Lambda, was organized at Duke by the following founding members: Hada Poston, Pearl Anderson, Pauline Tilley, Ola Simpson, Clyde Allison, Ruth Itertin, Patsy McKay, and Laura Seeley. The purpose of these girls was to obtain a charter of Pi Beta Phi, and to this end they persevered, refusing unsolicited offers of cheurters from other lational women's fraternities, A formal petition was presented to Pi Beta Phi ^ 'cr •3ifP .tfi^/: t.^i-if;? to OX T5«M cr* ac ^ oHcTx/q ?3ii't ail e ,/ci^^.^v -.o*i-;ivj. ,avv.^26*i0 ad^tsH ,ao«Jw'^ «?-/-• -jjC *E aoi^fltyvcoo ©SisJhro'rt adqlii. erf* 0* 88s;r8od sjsw id*! -^- /- ^o w,» J 'f^ .Ik •V. i-r b 134 Isotes Differing from the aforementioned undergraduate women's organizations is the only other undergraduate women's social organization, Isotes. Founded in 1939-40, it marked a new departure in undergraduate social organization. 7oll owing is a description from a newstoxy by Eehecca Eirkpatrick Sprinkle: Under the leadership of several independent girls in Brown house, Isotes was established last year to give the girls in that dormitory who were not affiliated with sororities an opportunity to enjoy the advantages of organized social life. Any girl in the dormitory who does not belong to a Greek-letter sorority is wel- come to the ranks of Isotes, and any town girl who is an associate member of Brown house may Join the club. Membership is not bind- ing, and any student who wishes to leave the club and become affiliated with a sorority is free to do so. The organization of independent women is considered a highly significant trend, and the success of this organization in the social and academic life of Sast castpus has already accorded it a respected position in the college. Isotes is given a representative on the Social Standards Committee; its members are allied with a variety of campus organi- zations. One of the outstanding projects of the gro^ is the banquet to be given this month for new members of Ivy, honorary freshman scholastic order. Sfo other dormitory group has followed the exaaple of the Brown girls, and Isotes continues to enjoy a distinctive position in the social life of Woman's College. First officers of Isotes were: Jean Bailey, president, and Lucille Chandler. Miss Mary Grace Wilson, Dean of Residence, has been closely coimec- ted with the groxip, and Miss Katherine Jeffers has served as adviser. '=^^i ill -J itjEv ji^o*iOOj*i ^^^■B&'xj.x ^.?f>a-j«Tsilon Phi Alpha Phi Delta Delta Delta Delta Gamma Eappa Alpha Theta Zappa Delta Eappa Ka^pa Gainma Phi Mu Pi Beta Phi Sigma Zappa Zeta Tau Alpha Qsnicron Beta TSii Alpha Okaicron Beta (Hheta Beta Rho Sigma Delta Delta Beta Gamma %>silon N. C. Beta Alpha Psi Phi Jane 2, 1911 ^r. 28, 1934 May 11, 1935 Not, 8, 1931 May 28. 1939 Peh. 19, 1928 Apr. 19, 1912 Oct. 25, 1930 Nov. 9, 1934 Peb. 17. 1933 Jan. 4, 1931 June 3, 1915 7. D. W. ITu Beta Phi Zi Otaiicron Delta Chi IJ^silon Delta Chi Sigma Tea. Sigma Delta Sigma Beta Delta %>8ilon Mu Lambda Delta Psi Theta Delta « • -i • •"^M •.. ,b .TO /I r ■ 1'^ srfqIA yji: l.Il rf*::'^ i^:^^^ Chapter VIII HONOBARY AHD PROFESS IQHAL SOCISTISS Membership in such societies as those mentioned in Chapter 711 is conditioned on scholarship only to the extent that a student must maintain a "C average in all studies in order to be considered a full-fledged member. Most fraternities and sororities in this category, however, have a number of "associate members" — usually athletes or daughters of wealth, students not noted for scholarship. Undergraduate Deans' Office records of individual students' grades for the last several years show an average of about 1,25 quality points for fraternity members against an average of about ,95 quality points for non-fratemity men. There has been a narrovrer margin between the average grades of sorority members and non-sorority women students for the same period, the sorority average being around 1,50 quality points and that of the "independent" women usually above 1»30 quality points. An average of 1.00 quality points is equivalent to a grade of "C". Many honorary and professional societies reserve membership for students having an average of 2,00 quality points ( "S" average) ; and the percentage of undergraduates maintaining such an average seldom exceeds ten. Thus, the present chapter deals primarily with the top ten percent in scholarship; and persons associated with organizations men- tioned herein should, presumably, be included in any list of distinguished alumni. >dd ,: - f */>. lU io 9;\fl'io' :s lOi e- 127 A, Q^eneral Scholarship and Leadership First mention In this classification must go to !I?he Society of 9019, both "by virtue of its age and "because of its good record. The society was organized in Pehruary 1890, imder the leadership of John Spencer Bassett, Class of 1888, who was then on the Trinity faculty. It was, according to President Crowell, an exaniple of the new instructional concept. This concept of college education smelt little of the cloister; it created, instead, a hunger and thirst for contact with life. It said: this text shows what the world has done and heen in the past, "but we live in today; let us see what it is doing now, how it is do- ing it, and why and wherein it differs from the historical, the traditional, and the accepted order of things. We, as students and teachers, are a new force in the world. We live in an atmosphere of forces released and unreleased. Life means mastery of these pro- cesses, and collegiate instruction is intended to give us the grasp on our powers and the knowledge of forces ahout us which will enahle us, as types of trained men, intellectually and morally to acquit ourselves effectively in the arena into which we are thrust after commencement days. All of these things did not come in one or two years. But they were called into use step by step, Por instance, the organi- zation of 9019 • . , and others was intended to emphasize two focal viewpoints in student life and thought, scholarship and patriotism. Although personally I was consulted and conferred with on these plans whereby the pick of the graduating class was selected for membership, the einphasis on these two things embodied my own conception of the relations between the College and the larger world outside. It bound together learning and service; it yoked discipline and duty in a team of great power — it embodied the newer ideal of Trinity itself,^ 9019 has a good history, but it has never been written; and it is largely unknown to the more than 500 Trinity and Duke alumni urtio have been members of the organization. Its first ten years, under Bassett's guidance, "^John Pranklin Crowell, Personal Recollections of Trinity College (Durham: Duke University Press, 1939), pp.SS-SFl^ ,9106 to ^^Jdiooc- Bt^ oi 03 insm aol^Bal'iiBQAlo aid* xti. no2*rtea! * qev vjfaxoos sr.l' .i-xvioort ijoor^t eii: I0 e^xf^oocf to.''? ©^ ail Ito et'itiT y .iqt>o«oo Xenol^OiJTctarJ waa ac'i lo elq'.uBia an ,X- ■alJiii *I©Ha tt,: loo lo *a«cnoo aixiT -oS ei Ji voif ,vofl "atLiofc ai tl isd\t ssa air *•! at (rrll ®w .'^.. . W .fiXt'.'^ 9fi.+ nt ©otol wen b gxb . 128 vere perhs^s more 'brilliant than the next forty; but the society continued as a potent force in "undergraduate life after Bassett's departure, and especially so until the rapid expansion of the institution beginning in 1935. Then for a decade it %ras just another honor society, but in recent years has begun to re- gain prominence. Names of founding members have not been listed in saj records BO far available, though this is a relatively unin5)ortant item in view of the fact that John Spencer Bassett inspired the organization. J, Hay McCrary, who later practiced law in Lexington, is said to have been the first member after founding. Among other early members were R. L, Durham, W, I, Cranford, and the Plyler twins. A, W. and M. T, The 9019 is credited with establishing the South Atlantic ^aar terly , though this publication would doubtless have been started had there been no 9019. The society supported the magazine till 1907, when the South Atlantic Publishing Company was chartered. It was never classed as a student publication. Beginning in 1910, and continuing till 1929 at least, 9019 sponsored annual declamation contests among Horth Carolina high schools, the finals being held on the Trinity campus. In more recent years the society has sponsored occasional student -faculty luncheons for small groups (selected by 9019 members) and student-faculty forums on timely subjects. Admission to 9019 is conditioned i;^on a scholastic average of 2*25 quality points, making it a sort of local Phi Beta K«qppa society for men only. A similar organization for women, Sko-L, was begun in March 1914, and continued until April of 1938. Members of the two t^per classes were eligible after having established averages of 90 or above. The Chronicle of March 11, 1914, reported seven members; Laura Tillett, Lizzie May Smith, Mary Wescott, and Sstelle Flowers, seniors; Vilietta Svans, Janie Couch, and 7annie Tazm, of the junior class. The chief difference between 9019 and Eko-L, besides sex. -rad-'ifi lefJaaai ^srrl^ ail* xif>«d arraii o* , .r>;vTix^o-?\X «;tL>S 1.'^ 'ro-vC ^c ilea s *i ^ . ♦nicrr vi ^ s'lavj 8S53-6 w* ad* "i , ' "^o lii^?^ ix^tssi bBift^x til tia-vaif 1c eloiiioidO si^^' .evocjs no oe "io 8 . *j»9 3Aiv«f ' "to ,jt*va't oimta'i JL'iie ,xioxioO lai.iew ,:msv^ BOi&ix'ii ;diciii8» ,3icewoxa slld^a 129 was Eko-L's emphasis on literary endeavor; for several years it offered prizes in poetry and short-story writing. This phase of its program was some^riiat in d\5)lication of the program of Chi Delta Phi (p. 12), so as the latter became stronger the former weakened. Phi Beta E^pa, the national honor society, established a cheater at Trinity on March 29, 1920. Dr. W, H, Glasson was first president of the chap- ter; other officers: Dr. William Z, Boyd, vice-president; Dr, C. V. Peppier, secretary-treasurer. The society's activities at Duke have been confined to election and initiation of members, and holding of initiation banquets with addresses by prominent visiting scholars. James Gannon, III, has been secre- tary of the chapter since 1928. Red SViars, senior secret honorary for men, was established in rebruary 1913, Its activities and projects (if any) are secret. Considerable inquiry and searching have not revealed details of founding except that the first members were: Don B. Eirkman, Henry L^ Wilson, Leonard B. Hurley, Guiho Suiter, Eeid Ray, Colton Godfrey, and George 6. Johnson. The order is self- perpetuating, and the perpetuators are listed in Appendix A. The parallel organization at Woman's College is White Duchy, organized in 1925. It was founded by Red Friars, whose members selected seven women as the first members: Mary Eskridge, Anne Garrard, Jessie Hauser, Margaret Led- better, Hancy Kirkman, Lillian Frost, and Elsie Barnes. "Election to White Dttchy is based on character, sincerity, conscientiousness, dependability, scholar- ship, initiative, and responsibility," according to one of the original members. %owever, in the Chronicle for March 13, 1914, the following are listed as "Initiates and old members": D, R. Kirkman, F, R. Hay, J. L. Nelson, W, F, Starnes, E, L, Secrest, R. B, Anderson, F, A. Ellis, and James Cannon. Perhaps the last six were members of the second groi^ of Friars. ©SI 8l fid* es 08 .(SX.q) Iril «iXoC IriO lo Btii to xxnf^BOj 'jtacJ-Gencf ^arrll 8«w .-loeeAlx) ,H ,lif .-:' . , c? ianjLliiod iisSHJ yv^ati s^j;- cTx, seir^vlwos 5'v-»--o-'t 9ifi .•is'aj-.,^€'Xv7- ,.• itl i- ^' ,xi©a: t ■ :oftori ierrcss ^olc^s ,?ts1i^ fc^is • -••. t^- •■•♦• ""♦ •^ • 130 Members wear a white carnation once a month. As with Hed Friars, the ftHTvii^i . "ts^ping" of new members is at a student assembly, by a hooded figure. There has been no connection between the two societies since founding of White Duchy, according to reliable information from both organizations. The reservoir from which nearly all Red Friars are selected is Omicron Delta Zap-p&t the national collegiate honorary leadership society founded at Washington and Lee University in 1914. The Duloe chapter, Hho Circle, was established May 22, 1926. It was preceded by Omicron Eappa, a local honorary begun a short while previously. Invitation to membership is based on "con- spicuous attainments in the five fields of academic life: scholarship, Journal- ism, debating, social usefulness, and athletics." Election is usually on the recommendation of a committee including at least one member of the faculty or college administration. Dr. Alan £. Manchester has sei>ved as Secretary of Hho Circle for the last several years. Dr. Frank C. Brown has also been active in an advisory ce^acity. Honorary membership is extended each year to outstanding alumni and faculty members, and usually to the Governor of North Carolina. Alpha Eta fraternity, a freshman honorary scholarship order, was established in February 1932, under the guidance of Dean D. M. Arnold. This group received a charter from Phi Eta Sigma, the national honorary scholarship fraternity for freshmen, and the chapter was installed on May 6, 1932. To be eligible for membership a first-year man must have earned at least 2,25 quality points per semester hour of work carried duriiag the first semester. Five to seven percent of the class is usually eligible. A plaque is given each year to the freshman dormitory making the highest scholastic average. In October 1939 Phi Eta Sigma organized a Freshman Scholastic Advisory Council, to work with the I^eshman Advisory Council in counselling first-year students. The fraternity, sometimes referred to as the "Freshman Phi Beta Kappa," has occasional meetings C5I X£Xmr:. ■'. , --^ ^w- .fftrrK *? dor.- - j-r —. 9^eiiT .t „fl ,'<(,Iui^s»fe&8 i'jisfiiris -J JB ai si€'CiiiiiJi& 'wva iw "-^i::. .=!^ *45 I x?e.^oos ^;.iriel/!6l v'jin'-u^c;! 9*sl?j9XIco X*floi^«a ©fi;^ ♦sqr89s*a!^sT0 anrs'S ««• f?Sax ^£000 s/i- aCt B?t«£ iri-i aa, 9.S;r «« o* Jbenolst ^ 131 with Ivy, the first-year honor society at Woman's College, hut seldom for the discussion of scholarly topics. lyy was organized Pehruaiy 15, 1937, hy the executive committee of the freshman class in V(»ian'8 College, under the guidance of Dean Slizabeth Anderson (Persons), The organization, called Ivy from the symholic use of ivy the hy ancient Bcnians to represent the attainment of knowledge, has as its motto "Scientia Usque Crescat." Qualifications for memhership are "an irreproachable citizenship record and a scholarship average of 2.35 quality points per semester hour for all semester hours carried during the first semester of the freshman year or for the entire year," A small gold badge in the shape of an ivy leaf is worn by members. The "citizenship clause" makes Ivy a bit more exclusive than Phi ^ta Sigma, and it has been a somewhat more active organization. B. Professional and Departmental 1. General Scientific . Serious study of natural sciences at Trinity was given iinpetus with the coming of John Pranklin Crowell to head the insti- tution, in 1887, On October 29, 1889 there was formed a Scientific Society, which continued for one year only. The society was organized at the suggestion of Professor J. M, Bandy, In September 1898 was founded the Science Club, and it continued to have a rather Intermittent program till about 1920, On April 28, 1921, was founded the Crowell Scientific Society,"* credit for which goes to W, H. Pegram. ^Alumni Register , Dec. 1933, p. 186. ^Ibid, , July 1921, pp.79ff. ar-.^-r.-i.-'t^ . :-/T.-. !■ nrr i. '- ^ • ';• oi hm^tiiiaoo it hae, ^duIXi «oneioS Bdi bstaso^ *bw 8981 t^c'ac^^qeS itl 132 This vas a strong and active organization for a few years, "but the eacpansion of the new University "brought the organization of specialized scientific groups, and the need for an organization for the study and promotion of general scientific thought seemed to lessen. Vfhat would have been the Crowell Scientific Society was ahsorhed into Sigma Xi national honorary scientific society when the Duke chapter was established on March 31, 1933, with Dr. Suth Addoms as first head. Crowell Scientific Society was primarily a faculty group. The Science 5 Club was primarily a student enterprise; its successor is Iota Gamma Pi, founded October 1922, with J, D, Panning as one of the student leaders — though in recent years this organization has ^)parently given more and more emphasis to sciences of engineering. A Nattiral History Club is mentioned in the Chronicle of February 13, 19S4, and once or twice thereafter. It held semi-monthly meetings for discus- sions of topics In biology and related subjects, and membership was based on scholastic ezcellence; This may have been another name for Bu Sigma biology club for women, founded in 1923, which existed till about 1931. 2. Biology . The Biology Club was formed on December 20, 1911, and continued active for fifteen years, with Drs. Bert Cunningham and E, L» Blomquist as leaders during much of its life span. On March 4, 1926, it became Tau chapter of Phi Sigma national honorary society in biology. The Alumni Register for April 1922 (page 19) contains a list of members with their occupations, and a manuscript of minutes of the society is in the Library (KC 570.6 T833M). It was occasionally referred to as the Botanical Club. ^Alumni Register , Jan. 1924, p,5. ^Chronicle, Mar, 19. 1924, p.3. ".tii iii^xcAwjsa sa- .-■ i- .^•r ,i«ex •osT; , .^•rT J^:^CI ,CX .tsM .oToi- 133 A Porest-Biology Club was projected in 1933 for the p\irpose of co- ordinating the work of several departments in this field. Primarily for faculty and graduate students, this groiip has left no record, IPhe Duke-Durham Bird Club was organized in 1938-39, with Dr. Paul Kramer one of the prime movers, A combination science-study and hobby grot^), the club takes occasional hikes into Duke Forest, to the Durham Bird Sanctuary, and other likely haunts, and has regular meetings for lectures and discussions on bird life. In 1938-39, first year of the School of Forestry, was organized the Forestry Club — which, to date, is the only .organization of students in the School. The ptirpose of the club "is to foster a spirit of fellowship and further the interest of students heading towards Forestry as a professional career. The program includes sponsoring of lectures by noted men in various branches of forestry, showing motion pictures, having open forum discussions, and occasional social meetings, picnics, etc." All graduate students in the School of Forestry are members, 3. Chemistry . A Chemists' Club was organized in 1913 or thereabout, but enjoyed an intermittent existence until after World War I. On January 12, 1920, was organized W, H, Pegram Chemistry Club, which has been the only organi- Q zation of undergraduate chemists since that time. The club is large and active. During the last five years or more it has arranged an annual "Chemistry Show," usually in connection with a "Physics Show" across the campus. Dr. R. N, Wilson has been the most active faculty advisor. " ^Chronicle , Feb. 28, 1934. ^Alumni Register, Jan. 1920, pp.279ff; Chronicle , Jan. 14, 1920. ^T« r ."t^'T ot ,*3Stot a;::.-,-3. 35oa oi^ .'xj , n-''-cr" ,--, • ^>8^ ixr 134 4. Physics . Professor B, C, Hinde f OTinded a Physics Club at Old !rrinity in 1890; it had a hf^hazard existence until 1921. Dr, C. V. Edwards, senior member of the department since 1915 or "before, and Dr, C. C. Hatleyhave been largely responsible for growth of this and the related organization, Sigma Pi Sigma, following is history of Sigma Pi Sigma prepared by William J, Caroon, head of the chapter in 1937-36: The Beta Ch«5>ter of Sigma Pi Sigma, national honoraiy physics fraternity, was founded at Duke University in 1925, The organi- zation is devoted to the task of promoting interest in the study of nndergradxiate physics. The group was organized in 1921 but was not chartered by the national society until 1925. The organization holds bi-monthly meetings, many of which are open to the general public. Topics of special interest in contem- porary physics are presented, in many cases supplemented by films. In recent years Sigma Pi Sigma has sponsored lectures on the campus by such outstanding men as H, A, Millikan, Paul Dushman, H. V. Wood and Niels Bohr. Members of Sigma Pi Sigma are primarily advanced students, the Physics Club being made up of beginning students. Sigma Pi Sigma arranges the annual "Physics Show, " a popular attraction since about 1936. 5, Mathematics . The following history was prepared by Patria Gibson, Secretary of the Duke chapter of Pi Mu Epsilon, 1937: The North Carolina Alpha Chapter of Pi Mu Epsilon fraternity was established at Duke University on February 8, 1932. The 34 charter members [listed in Appendix A] had previously made up the Mathematics Club, a local organization established in November 1927. At regular monthly meetings of the organization, student or faculty members present papers and hold discussions similar to the procedure in a mathematics seminar, A prize is given for the best student paper each year. The chscpteT has at least one outdoor meeting or picnic each year. In the Spring there is an informal banquet, at which there is a guest speaker. bl -.10 8:-. b^bsvjot a^^slH ,•• ,3 loaa^loTl '»B}?y^. •* '10 rjjifja 3X ilO. .'9'»'»r'*0' 3 seeAo ij^ndiB ni ,i)9J33a3T:q mia ^oxs-^iq x^ to an »0'.j^S. Jv ,"?• _ .r- r J a» «j? 135 6, Bnglneerlng , The Trinity College Catalogue for 1914-15 (page 143) 9 states that the Engineers' Club, founded Horemher 10, 1913, published an annual bulletin. No copy has been found. Infrequent mention of the club is foumd till 1933, when a new organization was effected. Concerning this new groiq), (xeorge l^mum wrote in 1937: The Engineers' Club of Duke University was organized October 25, 1933 for the purpose of fostering better felations between the stu- dents and the faculty of the Engineering Sdiool and among the students themselves, and to provide social functions for the engineering stu- dents. At the first meeting David Drummon^ was elected President; Halph Givens, Vice-President; and Edward Storms, Secretary- Treasurer. Each semester the Engineers' Club sponsors a dance for members of the club, which is held in Southgate gymnasium, and dijring the year several "open houses" are held. In cooperation with the American Society of Civil Engineers, the American Society of Mechanical Engin- eers, and the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the Engineers Club gives a smoker at the beginning of each school year for the engineering freshmen and faculty. Since the engineering students find it impossible to go to the undergraduate assemblies held on the West Campus, the Engineers Club has charge -of a special engineering assembly held in East Duke Building once a month. The Engineers Club elects a council of ten members each year, including four officers. This council meets once a week to dis- cuss projects for the club and decide on any disciplinary action necessary in regard to residents of Southgate Hall. Thus, it is noted that the Engineers' Club served as a student government body for engineering students beginning in 1933. With founding of the College of Engineering, 1939, the club became the Student Government of the College of Engineering. Publication of The Duke Engineer was begun in 1940. ^Chronicle , Nov, 12, 1913. A chief point of agitation for revision of the Constitution of the Men's Aesociation of Trinity College in 1939 (see p. 39) was that Southgate Dormitory (for engineers) was not represented on the Council. Within a few months after provision was made for such representation, the Engineers began their own student government. '. i9*orrw r. 3?3X.r(\r. n«ao'' en* 3» r .t ^c IjV. ejp K> 3Jj9X'ia*i o* i)ii-i9^ •;:/ ;^5a3€»o'in ^•;.,.4c: ., . ,()r k" 8.«3w 1- acl;f«Oi- . .i'i'£5*'.i ,^-' .vo^ , 136 Delta Bpsilon Sigma, a local honorary fraternity, was founded on October 23, 1931, It embraces the three departments of Engineer- ing, and has as its chief p-urpose the petitioning of Tau Beta Pi, a national honorary fraternity in engineering. It also strives to promote interest in engineerixig education and to reward leadership and scholarship in the engineering departments. Charter members were: R, B, Atkins, R, T. Creekmore, A. L, deBruyne, Lee Coulter, S, G. Jlack, S. H. Smith, V. B. Snow, and W, P. Weaver. Meetings are held several times each year, at which time matters pertaining to the betterment of the Engineering School are discussed and proper action taken. New members are selected each i^ril, and must qualify by good records both as to scholar- ship and leadership. Delta Spsilon Sigma is one of the sponsors of the "Engineers' Show, " held each Spring. ^^ Professor E, T, Matthews, of the engineering faculty, was first faculty advisor, and helped inspire organization of the society. An Engineers Forum was begun in November 1930, with Professor Mason Cnun as leader. This was in the nature of a special Sunday School class for students in Southgate Dormitory. It was continued for a few months. In colleges, as well as professionally, engineers are organized according to specific branches of the profession. Duke has had student chap- ters of the official societies in civil, electrical and mechanical engineering for a number of years. The Duke University chapter of the American Society of Civil Engineers was organized on February 14, 1933, with the following charter members: J, H, Armfield, George B. Cropper, J. R. Mai one, George D. McCrey, Robert S. Miller, and Erie B. Everman, seniors; Arthur Bat son, John Bird, Randolph Clarke, Pred Neu, David Druramond, !j Juniors; Gerald Perguson, and Arthur Wigley, sophomores. ^^Sketch by Richard C, Keane, Secretary of Delta Epsilon Sigma, 1937. l3 ' -v ,iOSex to^^' raw iiif. . ♦ .sra-Ao^f. wai ^j^i/jiictrtoa a*iw SI . tioi'^-. '- - - •- ^^^ t • ^ > ' < • ■ . . . '>M .11 • ;clJts •.» •fl -. fr'.^T •>'•''■: « ,iv f'ii £'; 10^ it.,' J N *^ . ■ _ • ■2 ,t9XJlI''. . oil a 140 The Duke University Pre-Medical Society was organized on March 11, 1937. Chief among the foiinding members was William R. Nesbitt, who transferred to Duke from Williams Junior College, Berkeley, Calif,, in the Fall of 1936. He had been affiliated with a pre-medical society there. Faculty members cooperated with students in the organization work, especially Dr. F, H. Swett. The chief purposes of the society, as stated in the constitution, are: (l) to serve as a cooperative center for intelligent medical thought; (2) to establish a closer relationship between the pre- medical students and the faculties of both the undergraduate and Medical schools; (3) to develop among the pre-medical students an ever- increasing sense of the high standards of character and respon- sibility embodied In the medical profession; and (4) to stimulate within the minds of the pre-medical students the correlation of a general cultural background with the more specific pre-medical training. Membership is open to pre-medical students who have completed one full year of college work, with at least one semester at DuJce, and who are recommended for membership by five members of the society. There are two faculty advisors, one from the Undergraduate school and one from the School of Medicine, to be elected at the beginning of each academic year by the society. New members are admitted each semester. Meetings are held twice a month. The following charter members were elected to office at the organization meeting: William R, Nesbltt, president; Paul Bransford, vice-president; Clinton Morgan, secretary; and John Glasson, treasurer. I 8. Commerce and Economics. First record of an organized group of students especially Interested in commerce is the Economics Club, mentioned in the college catalogue of 1892-93, page 78. No further mention is found of this organization. In September 1923 members of Dr. Cotton's class in Economics VII organized the Commercial Club (according to the Chronicle of October 3l) , but 10 further reference is found to that group either. In 1927 was organized Psl Ke^pa Alpha, which on December 7, 1929, became Beta Eta chapter of Alpha Kappa Psl national professional fraternity in ^^Sketch prepared by William R. Nesbltt, 1938. ii.*j >.(0 jicoi^iaenq-eolv . Jfcae . -'■ ^■-''^^- • I ■ - „ . . . . . - .nol^iss ■ , •- St t.. ^:rf i)e'i«q©^q 141 commerce. The chapter holds semi-monthly meetings for discussion of topics within its field, and for discussions with visiting business men. It also assists the faculty of the Department of Business Administration in numerous small ways, and has a limited program of social activity. Membership is based on high scholarship in economics, accounting, and related subjects. Prof, J, H. Shields has been chapter advisor since the founding. 9, Law . Soon after establishment of the School of Law, in 1904, law 8t\ident8 began conducting Moot Court, to give themselves practice in court room procedure and deportment. Though part of the regular course in law, the sessions were conducted at night, and were frequently attended by undergraduates. Evi- dently, there wais no organization connected with the court, but it was largely a student enterprise. Moot Court continued for four or five years, according to evidence in The Chronicle . Practice court sessions have been held in con- nection with law classes since that time, of course, but there has been less convenient opporttinity for the whole student body to enjoy the sessioz^. The first national society of law students to establish a chapter at Trinity was Sigma Nu Phi. Its Lambda, or Richmond Pearson, chapter was installed April 4, 1933, •'■''' and continued active till about 1930. On December 14, 1927 (one month before the death of the venerable Dean of the School of Law), a grcnip of first-year students in law founded the Samuel Pox Mordecai Law Club, with J. W. Wallace, president; Sam Holton, vice-president; and J, C. Troy, secretary- treasurer. The first meeting was in the nature of a iBOot court. The club lived for about three years. ■^*' ^ " ^Chronicle , Apr. 11. 1933, 1 ft Alumni Register, Feb. 1928, p. 48; Chronicle , Jan. 11, 1928. ■ t 'Its.bI arf- rJi 90 .'tseo SAd e ■■-..( r " v,eKr.e o;t ■«;J!;od *. ^lorfw erf* lol ■^^Imr^'rocTcro ? ti/cdi? III? 9Vl;- ,;-v:'X ,11 .:tsT, .^.r- '^ :?^. . . . vi ,i«*aij^H > 142 Beta Delta chapter of Gamma 2ta Gamma, national honorary legal fraternity, was established on ipril 27, 1929, according to The Chronicle of May 1. It left no further record. The Charles IJvans Hughes Law Club was founded by some first-year 19 students in October 1930. A year later it became Hughes Inn of Phi Delta Phi, the national legal fraternity.*^ This was the year that Justin Miller came from California to reorganize and enlarge the School of law and encourage other progressive meas\ires (some of which did not set well with the Administration). It was in the same year, 1931, that the Duke Bar Association was founded. The starting date was March 11. According to Caarpbell Carden, the Secretary for 1937-38: I The form of organization if\ the Duke Bar Association is based xtpon I that of the American Bar Association, with variations to meet the student needs. The membership is composed of all students who are in good standing in the Law School, with the faculty as honorary members. The Constitution provides for the officers, who are elected for a term of one year, and who constitute the Executive Committee, which committee carries out the business affairs and manages routine matters of the Association, Its purpose is to introduce the student to the problems con- sidered by the Bar in professional organizations and to develop professional consciousness and responsibility. The Association has published since 1933 the Duke Bar Associ- ation Journal , a quarterly in which appear reports of addresses made before the Association by distinguished guests, proceedings of the Association at its regular meetings, and items of interest concerning the School. The Journal publishes such student notes and comments on recent important decisions, prepared in the Current Decisions Course, as are deemed by the editors to be of special merit. ^ ^Chronicle , Sept. 23, 1931. 20 Ibid. , Oct. 14, 1931. tisa , '/XAiI aa^a^'L sxt&vti:- »££»' ^IJ-JX^. -bTib 33«nl8jyrf - 'io 9&iiL 143 There are monthly public meetings, usually followed "by informal receptions in the Association's spacioxis lounge. The Law School Guild, composed of faculty wives and other ladies connected with the School of Law, prodaces p-unch and cookies and other delicacies for such occasions. Such activities have made the School of Law perhaps the most cohesive of the graduate schools; everybody knows everybody else, and everybody seems interested in what everybody else is doing. It was about 1931 that the Iredell Law Club was also founded. This group was active as late as 1937, but has left no conveniently availaljle history. The Order of the Coif, a national honorary legal fraternity, set up a Duke chapter in February 1933. '^'^ It is officered by faculty members, and the chief function has been naming of outstanding seniors to mem'bership at time of graduation. Members are from the top ten percent in scholarship. Organization of a pre-legal group was first publicly suggested by Professor Douglas Maggs at a meeting of the Duke Bar Association on March 10, 1938. The Pre-Medical Society had been founded in March 1937 and had enlisted the interest of a large number of under- graduates. During the late V/inter of 1937-38, the Pre-Medical Society held a meeting at which prominent medical and law students engaged in debate. At that meeting it was suggested that there be formed a pre-legal group similar to the pre-medical group. This suggestion was followed by Professor Maggs on March 10, and Bench and Bar soon came into being. [Date of founding, March 14, 1938.] The organization was f oianded to insure closer contact between the undergraduates and the law facxilty, to advise students on related subjects and to promote a more friendly and sociable spirit among pre-legal students. To quote the story published in The Chronicle at time of organi- zation, March 18: "All undergraduate pre-legal students wlio have had one year of college and at least one semester at Duke, are eligible for consideration for membership," ^^Ohronicle. Feb. 22, 1933. A^L . 'sl IT- c f^iitij' 'Li' rr- C3l qo^ s;lJ ;ai*:* i'ss ai .fcSt-: ,.- .•. 144 Ponnding memljers: Del IHiston, Griffith Qrme, Ben Kerr, Henry Ralston, Edward Marlowe, James Carter, Betty Pierce, Catharine Blakeney and Jean Metz. Professor John S. Bradway was official organizer, and first adviser to the group. Bench and Bar holds regular meetings, incliiding occasional mock courts open to the public, ^2 The only other recorded organization of law students was a Bihle Class conducted "by Dr, Malcolm McDermott, 1933-34. Evidently, there were no officers, 10. Education . An Education Club was formed among prospective teachers 23 in March of 1911. It had a spasmodic program for a few seasons, then dis- integrated. Somewhat prior to 1927 was formed the Braxton Craven Education Association, which on May 28 of that year became Alpha Tau chapter of Ks^pa Delta Pi, the national fraternity for teachers. Drs. A, M, Proctor and John W. Carr have been counsellors to the local chapter. The Religious Education Association is mentioned on page 63. 11. Others . Pi Gamma Mu, national honor society in social science, established its North Carolina Beta chapter at IDuke on January 12, 1933, largely through the influence of Dr. Charles A. Ellwood. At one time it was the largest chapter in the national organization, with more than one hundred resident members. Member- ship is composed of student and faculty members from those departments concerned with social science — law, religion, sociology, political science, economics, and history. Bach Spring and Pall a limited number of honor students are elected to membership, from the junior and senior classes, and graduate and professional schools. The chief feature that distingaishes Pi Gamma Mu from other honor societies is its program of monthly forums in which the resident members share lln the discussion of current questions in the social sciences. 22 Sketch by Jean Metz, Secretary, 1938. ^Chronicle, Apr. 12, 1911. ^SfiJ ,3003/593 ifdl: « "XO'J ■'J'^- & ^*sux -I , JX tC It)'^ .'r#^;?rrAdo Xsoc" aioXXesxofoo oaecf ev3jf Tt/ : ,''■ 84 1 .5«r(sir# --«lt i^^V L V-. .■^>3*: * -» '^T t ^-^ iSWC? M'' I^^- Chapter IX OTHEH CLASSIPICAIIONS This chapter deals primarily with short-lived organizations vhich have left only slight marks on the institution's history. Therefore, mere listing of the organization's name has been deemed sufficient in most instances. Names of officers are included in ^pendiz A, of course. To conserve space, source references, whenever deemed important, are given in parentheses following the entry, rather than at the bottom of the sheet. A. (Geographical In 1919 students from foreign countries formed the Alien Club. The founding was reported in the Chronicle of November 5, 1919. It was evidently the same group which was sometimes known as the League of Nations, and again as the Cosmopolitan Club (Chronicle , Apr. 21, 1926). The Cosmopolitan Club continued till 1934. On November 2, 1933, was formed the Pan-American Club (Chronicle , STov. 8, 1933) with ffred Bratzel, Kenneth Cunningham, Eugene Desvemine, and Vrith Haines, all from Cuba; Carlos and Oswaldo 7ales, from Central America, and one or two other Latin-Americans as charter members. The grcnxp continued active for about a year, then became part of the International Club, began 147 in 1935, This groTJ^ was sometimes referred to as the International Relations Glut. It was composed primarily of sons and daughters of missionaries or other persons who had lived in foreign countries. For a time there was a very loose connection with the Y^ M. C. A. and Y. W, C. A. Another group somewhat related in composition and purpose was the Interstate Progressive Cluh, founded January 22, 1913 (Chronicle . Peh, 5, 1913). Thirteen states and nations were represented in the memhership. Having thirteen states represented in the student body would not have made news in 1930, hut in 1913 it was news to have a student from Pennsylvania or Georgia. Following are state cluhs which have left records: Ploridian Club, founded 1925 (Chanticleer ); South Carolina Club, begun in November 1913, and continued till 1927 (Chronicle , Nov. 2, 1921); Tennessee Club, born November 1912, died 1920 ( Chronicle , Nov, 5, 1919); Virginia Club, 1914-1926 ( Chronicle , Nov. 5, 1919). The chief activity of these four clubs seems to have been getting together once a year to have pictures made for the yearbook and newspapers of their home states. Regional clubs within North Carolina were the Mo\intain Boomers' Club, founded October 29, 1909 ( Chronicle Nov. 3, 1909), \rtiich continued till 1921; and the Sandf iddlers • Club, 1913-1926 (Chanticleer ). At least 28 county clubs have been organized by North Carolina students, practically all of them during the period 1910-20, when the College was expanding under the leadership of yoTong President Few. Semi- occasionally these dubs would .engage in athletic contests, debates, or other extra-curricular activity; but their chief function seems to have been advertising the school in their home conmranities and advertising their home comammities on the campus. The groups ; which left some record of organization are: Lutic- B£V C^JCt^ ^-d ••* »w ,*. ^',i se-ji '? a7l3~o-:~'^*r*='! 9 eta-j •ai.QiTJis: -j.- n *oxx hiuov xPod "r-S -J/-R . .rei^ .'^I. ii.-i*-:.. lo "^c^lrlJc ic: ■UB©" R »^1C ?tdl£. ft> .focf^s ■■i.ioo not*' 148 Caldwell Ccmnty Clul>, Octo"ber 29, 1914. Chatham County Cluh, 1911-1912. Cleveland Comity Cluh, Oct. 2, 1916. Cumberland County Cluh, 1910. Davidson Coxinty Club, Nosr ember 1921. Duplin County Club, 1915-1919. Porsythe County Club, 1924. Gaston County Club, November 1920. Granville County Club, November 1918. Guilford County Club, Sept. 34, 1909. Evidently, first of the county clubs, ( Chronicle , Sept. 29, 1909, p.4.) Harnett County Club, 1925. McDowell County Club, 1912. Mecklenbure County Club, Oct. 27, 1914. Montgomery County Club, 1926-27. Nash County Club, 1913. New Hanover County Club, Oct. 13, 1919. Northampton County Club, October 1916. Person County Club, November 1919-1924. Pitt County Club, November 1919-1926. Eoberson County Club, 1911-1921. (Chronicle, Nov. 10, 1920.) Sampson Co\inty Club, 1925-1927. Stanley County Club, November 1919. Siarry County Club, 1919-1920. Union County Club, October 1910-1922. Wake County Club, 1910-1919. Warren County Club, 1923-1925. j.:x : "•r ftifrr f *■. •rrrr'^ o. •-'■.;. ■ .oeei .3X61 19^ .•V- ■i •VW ■.rv-ftl. .eiei-CI'?X .'ix; saiaW 149 Wayne County Club, 1916-1926. (Chronicle , Nqv. 5, 1919.) Wilson County Club, November 1921. During the same period were organized the following school clubs: Alumni Association of Trinity Park School, April 10, 1914. Davenport College Club, November 1921. Durham High School Club, October 4, 1912-1926. Hutherford College Club, 1911-1927. (Chronicle . Nov, 2, 1921.) Trinity Park School Club, November 1921. Warrenton High School Club, 1911-1913. Weaver College Club, 1914-1926. Webb School Club, 1916-1917. West Durham High School Club, 1916-1923. It will be noted that few of these clubs contimied for more than two or three years* B, Residence Since the founding of Woman's College there have been organizations of students based on place of residence on the campus. Sach of the women's dormitories (Alspaugh, Aycock, Bg^ssett, Brown, Giles, Jarvis, and Pegram) has its own house organization— these having been begun in September 1931, with the exception of Giles House, which was first occupied by women a year later. The dormitory groups participate in intra-mural athletic contests, compete in needle- work and fund-raising campaigns for various charities, and elect their own representatives to the Student Government Council. Houses for first-year men (Dormitories J, K, L, M, N, and P) have ^een similarly organized since 1933. Women's dormitories have student proctors; there is a housemaster for each of the first-year men's dormitories. ,i.:-;«i -x«-.- •lo Tr< • nai-m- to*. , •^.iCr ■ * ?«-|y~ 'Y/-. -T ;. .■tnr- t'.- I «*i>X«» r- a^.:^rf* .axs-o^c ss* cul; eri^i sr « a a •: ! i-i OTc i. •? n © tr? AP - -.r\n ^< ^T'* ir r. :C 150 Southgate Dormitory has been used for students in engineering since 1931, and its residents have heen \mder the supervision of the Engineers' Club and the Student Grovemment of the College of Engineering. (See page 135.) Prom the early days of Heconst ruction until about 1920 there were boarding clubs on the campus nearly every year. A group of a dozen or more students would decide to patronize the same boarding house and would arrange with the hostess to have their meals supplied on a cost-plus basis: every man contributing a stated amount each month, then distributing the suiplus or deficit at the end. The Aychive for Febmary 1892 notes that there were three boarding clubs that year, the first in Durham. The first record of such an organization is of the Arlington Boarding Club ( Archive , March 1889, p. 117) at Old Trinity, the members of which paid $4.35 for their meals for the first month. (A three- meal book at the Men's Union in 1937 was about $23,00; at the Women's Union, $25.00 — an average of somewhat less than 30 cents per meal.) Another such group was known as the Hotel Club ( Archive , Janxiary 1892, p. 167). Perhaps the last one was the College Cooperative Dining Association, 1919-1921, which em- ployed a full-time manager (Chronicle , Peb. 13, 1919; Sept. 17, 1919; Mar. 16, 1921). C. Military Organization of several societies accon^anied and followed Vorld War I . AEeserve Officers' Training Corps was set lap in 1917 (Chronicle , 0ct» 29, 1919), on a temporary basis; it was not such an organization as exists at land-grant ' colleges. Then in the two years immediately following the V^ar the following groups were begun: Naval Club. 1918-1919; AEP Club, 1919 ( Alumni Register for January 1919); Officers' Club, 1919-20 ( Alumni Register for i^ril 1919); and ,35x-Service Men's Club, 1920-1921. VI *f ..... .Lj!j.- aoaoflt 1.0 B"^' •.-.•-•■- -^"■^•f ^ ■■?-+ iitriit aBioa seat v . ariT ,f>xi6 ■- rcl aXaeta 'xle^^ 'sof 6r.,^<'fe ftisor rioiiiw 'to nt: .*'$ Jxwtfji a - • '^ ni^T. , ' 8id* BM xiwoxrsf a^sv t. ,SI .O'©'^ ,C" •til Qiikli -jijuij'i. £ - y 'f i«t rr.'/s ;?',:: ^?v/ ?f ;; '• 'ItrJi T-,> -r.^^v- •■-is.T XrtaujIA) O^-P.r'?! , T'r.rO '-ts.- 'I'l^t) :(■ 151 War Savings societies were also formed in 1917, according to the President's Report of June 1918 (page lO) , and the Hed Cross was more than usnally active ( Al-omni Register , April 1918, page 4l). Associated with the Hed Cross was American Women's Volunteer Services, which enrolled some 400 women stxidents in "defense classes" and sewing groups in the Fall of 1941. The British War Relief Society was also active on the campus, among the faculty, in the early part of World War II, with Dr. Ruth Addoms and Mme« Neal Dow among the leaders. Before the United States entered World War II, and even before the draft registration of October 1940, a small group of students began preparing themselves for Army life by study of military tactics and daily drill in a "broomstick brigade." Dr. B, U, Eatchford was drillmaster, and Robert Hancock was student instigator. About thirty students, and one or two faculty members maintained interest in the project for a few weeks. At about the same time there was a class in Morse code given at the College of Engineering by Student Ben Carlisle. ("Defense Courses" in engineer- ing, chemistry, and business administration were begun in 1940 for the benefit of non-college students. For these courses there was no tuition charge, the Federal Government reimbursing the University for teaching and other expenses.) A unit of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps of the Wavy (HROTC) was established in September 1941, with an enrollment of 110 first-year men. These students soon formed the NROTC Club, which published the first issue of The Dialre Dolphin in late November 1941, with Allan Grayson editor-in-chief. In the same category with the NROTC is the CAA (Civil Aeronautics Authority) program for student pilot training, begun at Duke in 1940, under the 8Tq)ervision of A, S, Brower. There has been no formal organization of CAA ■tudents, but Brower has been adviser to the Flying Club and Alpha Eta Rho, 152 many of whose members received flight training under the CAA student training program. Duke "became a part of the CAA program in the late Pall of 1939, hut there was little actual training until 1940. For the first two years it was usually publicized as beiiag in no way connected with military aviation, but i Army Air Cor^s recruiters sought out the CAA boys whenever they came to the campus. With entry of the United States into the war, the program name was changed to CPT (Civilian Pilot Training). There was no academic credit for the course before America entered the war; credit was offered for the first time in the Spring of 1942. Duke's quota in the CAA program was 40-50 students, on whom the Federal G-ovemment spent about $300 each. With entry into war the quota was cut to ten students. Plight instruction was at Raleigh Airport \mtil Pall of 1941, when it was transferred to Chapel Hill. I In the peaceful years of 1933-1936 there were at least three attempts to enlist student antipathy to war. An Anti-War Society was organized in the Spring of 1933, with support of the Y. M, C. A. "War strikes" were a popular collegiate fad of the time — students taking a day off from classes to parade ,vith banners against war, make speeches, and have a good time in general. It I was at about the same time that there was organized among college students of the region the Southern Peace-Action Movement, in which Duke Student Douglas Corriher played a leading part. This was a liberal, rather than conservative, movement; and at Duke was stqjported by the American Student Union, then strongly influenced by the Comraunist Party. Nattirally, it did not survive. Por the Intercollegiate group, Corriher published at Duke the Peace Agent during 1935-36. 'Peace-action was discussed at a few student meetings. • ^Chronicle , Sept. 27, 1933. issxi , 9i«i *^ CO ,p*fr«^. II.-: V \n*rte d: ' tf- rrr. .1 «Jc ,c»\ .;.. ;V'/D^ii-vO xterf^t , .IX2H O* f)6- rf'ii:.'>'-'">tr' "li a* ^'iO i- ?V' ■t AOi o;i ^ \o i ^>+ch ■-. ■'■ ^ •''^* _< ^IS? 6: fri f:rroc oiJ r: ■isoitajw. •■. :i?-.. • *tj#c 153 The Federal Crovernment had recently yielded to pressure of the American Legion and paid the "Soldiers' Bonus" for World War I "before the due date. To somebody at Princeton University this siiggested the advantage to the prospective soldier of having his pension in advance of fighting, and there was organized at the New Jersey institution The Veterans of Future Wars. The idea spread rapidly, and within a few months there were more than 30,000 Future Vets on American college campuses, including Duke's. Eoosevelt Der Tatevasian was a popular and energetic first- year student, and he procured a charter for the Duke chapter. The enterprise was of course abandoned within a few weeks. Chief points in history of the Veterans at Duke are contained in the following newstory dated April 21, 1936: The nominating of a candidate for President of the United Spates in the 1952 general election is one of the objectives set by the Duke University post of Veterans of Futxire Wars at company muster here last night. "We will obtain the bonus that is due us if we have to elect a whole administration," said Post Commander Roosevelt Der Tatevasian. The primary objective of the VFW, organized at Princeton Univer- sity about six weeks ago, is to secure for all future veterans a "bonus of $1000, payable the first of June, 1965." But, since it is customary to pay bonuses before they are due, the VFW are demanding "immediate cash payment, plus three percent interest compounded annually and retroactively from the first of June, 1965 to the first of June, 1935." Commander Der Tatevasian last night appointed a committee which will submit a slate of prospective presidential candidates at the Duke post's next muster. The Duke post of the future veterans nimbers 50 men, and Com- mander Der Tatevasian stated today that an even larger number of Dake students is anxious to join as soon as the necessary membership forms are obtained from national headquarters. A large group of pre-ministerial students also met last night and affiliated themselves with the Duke School of Religion chapter of Chaplains of Future Wars. The chaplains have already entered as a unit of the VFW; they plan to "preach fimeral sermons to the future veterans who might not be able to appreciate them when preached on the battlefield" and "to preach sermons to the future veterans so that their ideals may never fall below those of Christ as they blast, bomb, and bayonet their Christian foes." , j^ui? iSioiS ^loy ©le/C* rrc en Jbc tHtJtv fio. .0 Bisv 98 .■■•▼^na* ijilS ^Q^.*;-^ ■• rTT <» *»*>■•! « • ■ Iter »tlS •J--' ' ._ ■ /Y ^.^jT rr^T r>~i?.'" 154 ^mong the proposed -units of the Duke post of VI¥ are those In chemistry, marsing, and engineering, a diplomatic division for stu- dents in law and political science » a home fire division for students in the Woman's College, and a division of propaganda. Commander Der Tatevasian stated this morning that the propa- ganda division will publish the first issue of a local YFW newspaper next week. It is to he called The Bonus Bill . [One issue was puhlished,] All future veterans have heen urged to send letters, telegrams, and other communications to their representatives in congress, urging them to support the bill for the 7PW bonus which is to be introduced "as soon as he can get to it," by Representative Maverick of Texas. The committee which Commander Ber Tatevasian ^pointed to assist in selecting prospective presidential candidates is coo^osed of: Robert W, Miller, president of Beta Omega Sigma, honorary fraternity; Tom Southgate, president-elect of the men's student government; Harry S, Etter, candidate for editorship of the campus newspaper; Hilliard A, Schendorf , editor of Duke 'n* Duchess humor publication; Reid T. Holmes, circulation manager of the humor magazine; and Robert T, Bean, member of the University Publications Board for 1936-37. Bean was selected as candidate for the Presidency in 1952, and had his picture made with Attorney General Homer S, Cummings, then on the can5)us for talk before the Bar Association. The Chaplains of the Veterans of Future Wars was founded at Boston University Theological Seminary by two Duke graduates: W, McPerrin Stowe and John D, Lee, Jr. W. J. Honeycutt was named chaplain- in-chief of the Duke group, and Charles S, Jarvis, secretary. Following is the platform adopted by the chaplains : "1, To make pep talks to the Veterans of Future Wars in order that it may not take so long for them to realize the "truth" that they are engaged in doing "God's work" while murdering the enemy. "2. To preach sermons to the Veterans of Future Wars, so that their ideals may never fall below those of Christ, as they blast, bomb, and bayonet their Christian foes. "3. To start preaching funeral orations now so that those who, in spite of Divine Providence, are dismembered by cruel enemies may hear of the "Christ-like service" they will have rendered. In this ^-.r Btsii [,J5ori8ii' "j9Ai ci ft*f' 'it" ' " fJ'Tf ^'•/f '^rfit To't **-^»l)?^fTPo 7St088 ,9lv -A X". :c. sz- afxoonss oT .S (^~1^K^ -2 3- -^O 155 way it will "be possible to give individual orations upon the virtues of dying for one's country, even on foreign soil. This is in pre- ference to being one of a wholesale lot that is duinped and covered over, with only the phrase "poor devils" as oration and epitaph, "4, To institute semi-annual memorial days for the Unknown Soldier, in which all Veterans of Future Wars will participate. Then each may dream that he may be the one of whom such noble words are spoken and to whom such reverence is given. Attempts will be made to secure a national politician to speak. In this way, the Veterans of IHiture Wars may learn of the contribution to the progress of civilization that is made by the youth who give their lives for "the cause" while the "statesmen" at home give their very life's blood sitting in swivel chairs and complaining of the noise in the streets caused by unprecedented business." Such business was entirely forgotten in 1941, when undergrad\iates were leaving for Army camps and students in the Divinity School were volunteering for service as ch£^lains. I D, Hobby Evidently, the first hobby club at Trinity was the Amateur Photo- graphers' Union, organized in ^ril 1892 (Archive ) , and composed chiefly of faculty members. Its existence was evidently short-lived. On April 30, 1937, a faculty- student group assembled tmder the chairmanship of A, A, Wilkinson and organized a Camera Club, which soon became the Dutoe-l>urham Camera Club. The group has consisted of a dozen to twenty members, and has conducted meet- ings once a month during the school year. Among the more active members during its first five years: (Mrs,) Paul Dillard Gamble, (toe.) Hilda Thomas, Ben M, Patrick, H, P, Pickett, A. L, deBruyne, Lewis Bright, Paiil Horton, J. Beverly Bedford. Pew students have been associated with the club. Meetings are devoted to talks and discussions on photographic topics, demonstrations of new techniques, trips afield, and lectures by visiting authorities and sales agents. Contests, open to the public, are conducted twice a jrear. ■,.^ n, iJ^lCv t: 156 In 1923 was organized a Hiking Club among women students. No records have "been left, A similar group in the Nursing School was led by Miss Anne Oardiner for a number of years. In September 1930 was founded the Explorers' Clult, by a grcup of faculty members that included Miss Alice Baldwin, Miss Aone Gardiner, Mr. and Mrs. Justin Miller, Mr, and Mrs, Ernest Seeman. According to Burke Smith, one of the early memhers-- This club is "unique in that it has no formal membership , no dues, no officers. When a hike is to he made several of the members decide where to go and whom to invite. Names are selected from a list of more than 200 interested students. Trips are made every two weeks on Sunday afternoon [sometimes on Satturdays], The party leaves the campuses in cars and drives to the scene of the hike. A leisurely walk through a wooded section is followed hy a picnic meal arotmd a campfire. Twice a year week-end trips are made, to the mountains and to the sea. A Needlework Guild is organized at Woman's College every year or two, to help provide clothing for various charities. The first recorded formal organization was in Octoher 1935, when student sewers were organized "by dormi- tories. Usually such groups are affiliated with senior societies of town women. Chess has attracted the enthusiasm of a limited numher of students, and Chess Clubs were organized in 1913, 1929, and 1939. The first club survived only a short while, evidently; but the second was active for at least three years ( Chronicle , Jan. 8, 1930, Peh. 24, 1932; Mar, 16, 1932). Women students organized the Southgate Gasrden Club about 1928. It did not survive the first season, evidently. The Durham Stamp Club was organized in 1934. Anong faculty members have been: W, S, Fitzgerald, E, R, C. Miles, and E, H, Yomig. A few students have been members, and George W, Hester, a student, was head of the group in 1937. ■tare: aOfS* ilA J£- •t *Pti iilM boil' Id aaaie : r 3iii J *.- ■tciia .-i-i-^-i.i—T. ^-^ i^-- ''r ■: J ■'?';i? -V ?f 157 The Duke Rifle and Pistol Club was founded by Senior Phil Mitchell during the Pall of 1939. Practice sessions were held in the Durham Armory and at the outdoor pistol range of the Durham Police Department. Application was made for affiliation with the National Rifle Association of America. A Durham _Sun story of November 15, 1939, announcing formation of the club on that date, states that "officials of the university have failed to sanction such a team." Nothing has been heard of the club since its first year. Carmen Patterson, Class of 1933, was the first Duke student to receive a civilian pilot's license. She did some flying around Durham in 1930, and in December of that year the Aviation Club was organized, according to the Chronicle of December 3. Officers were to have been named that month, but no further record has been found. In the Pall of 1938 Robert H. Odell, of Concord, N, C. , and Forest Hills, !• I., New York, founded the Duke Plying Club, which has been an active organization for the last three years. There were perhaps half a dozen students with private pilot's licenses and others interested in obtaining licenses. The club arranged for flight instruction and other advantages at Raleigh Airport dnring its first year, then with the improvement of East Durham Airport began spending spare time there. Outstanding aviators have come to the campus to address the club, and the grou^ has supported the CAA student pilot training program. Odell represented the Duke club at the annual national intercollegiate flying meet at Kenyon College, Gambler, Ohio, In June 1939, winning several prizes. Malcolm Holt and John W. Priddy were named southern regional officers of the National Intercollegiate Plying Club. A southern regional meet was arranged for Raleigh Airport on May 14, 1939, but cancelled on account of weather. The club has a good safety record. Several former members have already a chieved noteworthy places in aviation. ''CLE v^c(rrt/v auidtxA ari* al 9VAd oi eiow iTts- 158 Postered "by the Duke ilying Club was the local chapter of Alpha Eta Bho, international aviation fraternity. The chapter was founded "by Odell, with the follov/ing charter members: Richard Swank, Barnard L, Hhodes, Herbert k» Q, Krupp, John A, Barnicoat, John W. Priddy, Alfred J. Brown, John D. Hewlett, Richard T. Hut chins, and Y. Kirfcpatrick-Howat . The Duke chapter, founded December 5, 1939, is the fifth (JJpsilon) in the order. It has been less active since Odell was called to active military duty early in 1941, 2. Paculty and Community The following groups have little if any effect on student life, but are listed here to complete the record: Faculty Club, organized February 15, 1919. Men only. Erasmus Club, organized Spring 1926. Sometimes called Erasmus Philology Club, Saturday Night Club, January 1895-1898. ( Archive , VIII, 92.) Faculty literary organization. Duke University Art Association, founded Pall 1930. Campus Club, March 1914. Faculty wives. Mrs, W, P, Pew was first president. Community Club, founded about 1929. Similar to Campus Club» Duke University Dames, organized 1933, Wives of graduate students. Faculty Women's Club, begun prior to 1929. Polio Club, about 1931. Faculty and campus women. Newcomers' Club, 1927, YoUng faculty wives, American Association of University Women. I American Association of University Professors, i Americana Club. Faculty writers. (See American Studies in Honor of W, K. Boyd, Duke University Press. .iiWOI^ .' ' ^'- iX/»o 159 P. Fictitious Alpha Sigma Sigma, 1931-. Mythical Society of Notables (ASSes). Usually mentioned in Chanticleer as having "been founded at North Carolina State College, Lists of new members appear in the yearbook annually, Anti-Cussin' Club, about 1889. (Archive , NqV. 1889, p,37,) Blue Boors, founded May 9, 1938, by John Bollard (I. Irritate, Chief Boor), Distinction similar to Alpha Sigma Sigma. Pounded for purpose of lam- pooning fied Priars. ( Durham Sun , May 16, 1938.) Damned Pools' Laiighing Association, October 1904. Pounders: Billy Smith, John Hutchinson, G-ibby Poard, Paul Beachboard, Joe Pitts, C. R. Warren. ( Alumni Register , Apr. 1915, p. 27.) Ejection Club, about 1925. Percival X. Scab, canine member of the Class of 1926, did not enjoy favor of all students. Those who insisted that he stay out of classrooms and dormitories were members of Ejection Club. Plaes, Grand & Exalted Order of the. (Chronicle , Oct, 5, 1921.) HuBian Nature Club. Opposite of Ejection Club. 1925. I Signa Phi. ( Chanticleer , 1928.) Mendacity Club. (Archive , Oct. 1889, p. 17.) Mutual Aid-to-the-Stuck Society. ( Archive , June 1888, p. 156.) Nauseating Order of Chewers. ( Alumni Register , June 1928, p. 228.) Original Research Society. ( Archive , Dec. 1891.) Regardless Pruit Club. ( Archive , Oct. 1891, p. 35.) Members appro- priated fruit from orchards near college campus. Sigma Sigma Alpha (Eta Alpha chapter). ( Chanticle er, 1932.) National society of over-sized girls, foiinded at Woman's College. Soon died for lack of eligible students. Society for the Propagation of Good Conduct. (Archive, Mar. 1894, p. 31.) ■■.o vr^^iLc- .'>',; F.^' 3sla- / -ry. 150 Or, Miscellaneous Unclassified In October 1935 was formed the Dance Study Club, under auspices of the Department of Physical Education in Woman's College. The group planned to petition Orchesis, national collegiate dance society. The group soon adopted the name Modem Dance Group (see page 94), Miss Modena Leids has been advisor I {and chief stimulator. Not in any way related was the Teirpsichorean Society of 1890 (Archive, ITqv. 1891, p. 85), an tmsanctioned, or perhaps fictitious, organization, (in later years fraternities have often been referred to as "dance clubs." Duke has never had a cotillion club, according to the records.) The Graduate Club was founded in October 1925 by students in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. It has been revived occasionally. Por a number of years the grot^ had a separate table in the Union Dining Hall, but by 1940 the enrollment in graduate divisions was sufficiently large to necessi- tate providing a separate dining hall. The Chanticleer of 1921 refers to graduate student assistants as the Scinib Paculty. Grand Stand Club, founded about 1893. A loosely-knit group of students and others who liked to hang around the grandstand in Blackwell Park (the College campus) to watch the proceedings on the athletic field. ( Archive , Jeb. 1893.) Buzzard Club, existing at about the same time and meeting at the same :>lace, is reputed to have served stewed cat at initiation sxippers. The Archive o f January 1905 mentions an entertainment of the Ich Diene blub by Miss Edna Kilgo. I On October 4, 1932, a dinner meeting was held for organizing a Story- tellers ' Ring in Duke Forest. Organizers were liberal members of the Explorers' 161 Club, with Walter Cutter presiding. Dr. C, F. Korstian, Dean of the School of Forestry, had encouraged the idea. No further record is found, Stephen Zidd and other students began a Student Travel Agency in Novem'ber 1936, for the purpose of serving students travelling to and from home — arrangiiig for railway and "bus tickets, and providing rides in other students' automobiles. The venture was not successfrCL, The Chronicle of March 29, 1933, reports organization of a Scout Leaders' Club. Dr. R, N, Wilson has been interested in such groups for a num- ber of years. From 1918 to 1926 sons and daughters of ministers got together at least once a year (evidently for the purpose of having their pictures taken for The Chanticleer .) Such groups took the title. Hades Club. The Al\imni Office organized second and third generation students into the Club of Sons and Daughters of Duke Alumni in the Spring of 1936. Little has been heard since. On April 15, 1920, was organized the Overall Club, which recommended wearing of overalls and plain dresses for economy. W. B, Umstead headed the group, which soon disbanded. A Typing and Stenographic Bureau was organized October 16, 1933, by Ross Tunnell, A, V/ilson Honeycutt, and Ben M. Patrick. In 1936 it was taken over by the University as a division of the Student Activities Office. There was a Phonographers' Club from 1915 to 1917, preceded by a Stenographers' Club organized September 14, 1911. A student- operated Pressing Club was organized January 4, 1906, accord- ing to Kie Chronicle. Originally managed by J. M, Pitts for his own benefit, it was later taken over as a revenue-producer by the Athletic Association. .oi;Iu • el.Uv •s 10 1 a'j^^-SQ-x lix^Icr ^'ii£. i^.i-L'i •or , jji;c , ^s'tsi;/!!:?^ f>05 Chapter X OBSERVATIONS AND (jqESTIONS "College education doesn't make fools; it merely develops them." The same might well "be said of collegians who are not fools. The history of extra-curricular student enterprises at Duke Univer- sity indicates that rarely does a student attain distinction by wholly voluntary effort in a field of endeavor to which he was stranger at time of enterirg col- lege. The student thespian who is outstanding was interested in drama "before his college years. The collegian who manages the campus political machine was a leader on the grammar-school playground and had a hig voice in the extra- curricular life of his high school. As a general rule, the editor of the col- lege publication acquired the journalistic mange as a newshound on his high school paper, and the star athlete did something besides play marbles in the primary grades. There are few exceptions. This raises two interesting questions: (l) What attributes are essen- tial to leaderslxip? (2) How and when are such attributes acquired? These are, in effect, the same questions put in the first chapter; and they remain unanswered. Some academic persons have given attention to the notion that there is a "geography of notability," that such things as climate, soil, altitude help to O r r-.r;. V ■♦ • .-* ^**f* f^^ \j • rr 163 engender genius. Such theory supports the idea that qualities of leadership are innate, geneticly acquired, that leaders are "born, not made. Then, how identify the leader hefore he attains leadership? How pick in childhood the person "most likely to succeed"? How point out in college the student who in twenty years will lead his profession? Scholarship alone is no index, surely; nor is any sort of popiilarity poll very accurate. Evidence points to a definite correlation between creditahle achieve- ment in scholarship and prominence in extra-curricular activities. The student who is laggard in his studies is not a leader outside the classroom — except, occasionally, on the athletic field. The SMOC is a better-than-average student, from the professor's viewpoint. The student who is secretary of his fraternity, reporter for the college newspaper, and. member of the Preshman Advisory Coimcil makes the Dean's List more often than his neighbor who has no extra-curricular interest. Distinction is relative, of course. Without attempting to define the term, it may be observed that during the last decade in the undergraduate col- leges of Duke University about one student in 25 has attained distinction in extra-cTHTicular activities. Assuming this proportion to be sound and true for all colleges, and granting that colleges actually do train the world's leaders, would it be to the benefit of society for the state to give extra special atten- tion to the training of this fraction of one percent of the pop-ulation? The Nazis now begin training leaders for the state considerably in advance of the college level. Is this foolish? Money would appear to be no aid to distinction in extra-curricular life. The son of the millionaire is often a playboy. He joins a fraternity "because his money is usefijl to the group, Eis grades are often below average, and just high enough to keep him in college. The extra-curricular leader, on i. Qi^l si': 1396 ei offw . Iv a .-i'rStivi^cs T "i^snorj a j. 164 the other hand, is often ohliged to earn a substantial portion of his expenses. There is no hard and fast rule, of course, hut there is sxifficient indisputable evidence to give basis for the general rule that wealth is no aid to distinction at Ihjke. (Even inconspicuous wealth is still accompanied by a degree of notori- ety on the campuses, but notoriety is different from distinction ,) i^aternities and sororities are often regarded as undemocratic by persons outside such organizations. For the last two decades, two undergraduates out of every three have not been affiliated with fraternities and sororities. Pec\iniary circumstance is of course a factor in preserving the ratio, but not the only factor. Some fraternity members are not at all well-to-do. A substantial majority of BMOCs and BWOCs are members of fraternities and sororities. These groups pride themselves on the number of offices in extra-curricular enterprises held by their members, and members are encouraged to offer themselves as candidates. This tendency often assures little or no political s\3pport for the worthy non-fraternity candidate, and often makes it a fact that the most capable student for a particular office is not a candidate. Fraternity membership tends to make one more interested in becoming a BMOC. In college, as in the larger society, men and women covet for them- selves and for their friends choice positions of power and supposed honor, and the striving for places of distinction often seems to be merely an effort to satisfy insidious vanity. This applies to leaders of the so-called "service organizations" as well as to heads of groups primarily social; and one is led to ask: Does the leader of the band — the strutting drum major — display the foundation qualities which every leader must possess? Since there would seem to be evidence for the conclusion that qualities of leadership are innate, or, if not, acquired very early in life, one is led to the final qiiestion: Are leaders really chosen by those they lead? ^oai r >".:■! e -5 . :o3 ast 3TS T5.".' X 1 r-jif. ■:(?■/• 1* ab , ; ;»0i i J- e^ .. i.V >t' .)i ^Bqeo e. -10 ,9 I ^2 ^ — &d^M l^Sp ^il^ PC Appendices A. Poundixig members and Officers of Student Organizations, Also Names of Leading Scholars in Graduating Classes, Mem"bers of Omicron Delta Kappa, Red Friars, and White Dachy 3 B. Organizations and Enterprises Classified 121 C. Wiley Gray Orators 125 Appendix A Founding Members and Officers These are the persons who shorild have, or shotild, "become the outstand- ing alumni of Duke University, according to their records in college. No effort has been made to classify these student leaders statistically (according to geography, scholarship records, parents' occupations and education, self- appraisals concerning value of extra-curricular activities, after-college achievements, favorite brands of cigarettes, or other possible interesting classifications) with the exception of the table on the following sheet. This is included merely as a suggestion of one possibly interesting and profitable line of st\idy. Group I should be s\ipposed to include the leaders in nearly all other groups. Group II should (at least by superficial reasoning) develop into leaders in government; Group III, in religion; Group IV, in journalism and literature; Group V, in commerce and industry; Group VI, in education; and Group VII, in law. Eave they? Will they? Numerous other avenues of approach will suggest themselves to the interested student. (Appendix A was typed by Juanita Harward, with the assistance of Beatrice Mellon and John Kennedy.) ■T' ■ I ,"' •^ i- o • GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OP SELECTED STUEffiUT OFFICERS Organization Nos. No .Car. Area 1 Area 2 Area 3 Are a 4 Area 5 Group I A 1 B A B A 1 2 A 1 B A B A B "^ B D K 318 59 69 22 5 3 1 Red Friars 112 56 72 21 4 2 1 White Duchy 102 63 78 15 2 5 Group II Classes 274 34 55 31 5 8 1 Frat Pan-Kel 50 32 55 34 4 6 Sor Fan-Hel 18 55 75 44 90 77 5 16 5 5 2 Men's Gov't 74 35'* 60 26 10 3 1 Women's Gov't 31 93 84 55 94 67 6 25 2 6 Group III Minister. Assn . 52 45 94 79 LOO 96 2 2 Y M C A 83 60 87 50 LOO 67 31 2 Y W C A 30 59 87 45 LOO 67 24 2 7 Group 17 Archive Eds. 35 26 97 68 LOO 78 11 11 Chant. Eds. 12 33 83 57 91 91 9 9 Chron, Eds. 22 30 80 58 95 61 33 6 5 Group V Alpha K.Psi 41 5 75 5 10 5 Archive Mgrs. 42 27 98 72 100 90 7 3 Chant. M^s. 12 33 66 49 100 58 36 3 3 Chron. Mgrs. 22 30 90 60 100 85 ; 6 9 Group VI Sumiaa & Magna cum Laude 300 208 90 58 97 70 1 21 3 1 4 1 2 K.D.Pi 42 64 78 14 2 4 2 Group VII Columhia 201 97 93 56 98 83 11 3 1 3 1 Hesperian 185 95 87 71 99 83 9 1 7 1 Players 16 66 70 46 88 64 17 5 12 14 Bar Assn. 43 41 84 11 2 3 Average and Total ^^^ 2039 82 54 97 69 6 23 4 5 5 1 2 Key: Area 1, Southern (including North Carolina); Area 2, Middle Atlantic; Area 3, New England; Area 4, Middle West; Area 5, Far West. A, period before 1925; B, period 1925-1940. First column (Nos.) shows n\imber of officers of each organization; figures in other colTamns (areas) are percentage, ♦Fewer North Carolinians and Southerners each year since 1934-35. V/hile this condition obtains with relation to nearly all organizations, the change is especially noticeable in the Men's Association. The University was est^ilished in 1934, but the student body did not become representative of the Eastern United States before 1934. Geographical distribution steady for last 5 years. 3. President Vice-Presiddnt Secretary Treasurer R. A. Smith A. E. P. Clulj (1919-1920) C, W. Bonday W. R. Minshew W. R. Minshew Alpha Chi (Peh. 11, 1937-.See Chi Phi) Charter Members: R. Der Tatevasian, John Lange, T. Reid Holmes, William Bltinge. Pred G, Torke. William Eltinge John Lange H. Der Tatevasi^ Tom Goddy Pal ton Main T. R. Williams T. E. Williams W. W. Roberts Alpha Delta Pi (June. 2, 1911- ) Charter Members: Pannie Kilgo, Emma McCullen, Mildred Sinclair, Sally Smith, Annie St. George, Lizzie Wrenn» Chapter Reporter - Chapter Reporter - Amy Muse Lucile Baldwin Edna Taylor Vera Wiggins Vera Wiggins Elizabeth Allen Martha Wiggins Irene Price Chapter Reporter ~ Hunter Hollo way Chapter Reporter - Chapter Reporter - Virginia Gibbons Anne Garrard Elizabeth Roberts Sara E. Ormond Edith Parker Alma Wyche - Mildred Sinclair. Pannie Kilgo Gladys Price Martha Wiggins Helen Lyon Helen Cantrell Pat tie Knight - Elizabeth Hicks Anne Garrard Elizabeth Roberts Sara K. Ormand Edith Parker Eliz. Clifton Mary A. Hauss Irma Tapp Vera Wiggins Vera Wiggins Amy Muse Edna Taylor Edna Taylor Lorraine Isley Janet Smith Lorraine Isley Charlotte Avera Mary Petitt Gladys Price Mary Petitt Martha Wiggins Mamie Rath Charchill Margie White Irene Price Sara Dashield Helen Cantrell Frances Holmes Louise Slocum Harriet Lewis Elizabeth Parker-Lois Hackney Mollie Parmer Eliz. Churchill Bliz. Parker Annie L. Caldwell Eliz. Clifton Mary A, Hauss Alma Wyche Margaret Bennett Annie L. Caldwell Zoa L. Haywood 4. Tear President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer (Alpha Delta Pi - Cent. 1929 Prances Hill Margaret Bennett 1930 Hettie English Eliz. Williams 1931 Edith Leach Chapter Reporter — Elizabeth Bullock 1932 Virginia Ragan Carmen Patterson 1933 Virginia Dillon Sarah C. Taylor 1934 Jane S. Hannon Nelson Powell 1935 Mary I. Henderson Kathlyn Buice 1936 Margery Edwards Jeanne Toxing 1937 Jeanne Yotmg Virginia Skinner 1938 Oliva Womhle Macon Crowder 1939 Louise Wo r sham Jeannette Johnson 1940 Kathlene Griffin Carol Conners ) Dorothy Jennette Annie L. Caldwell Virginia McBwen Edith Leach Leo no re Murphy Edith Leach Carmen Patterson Jane Steele Hannon Mary Parkhurst Sally Allen Mary S. Lackey Mary Parkhiirst Janet Griffin Susan McKeil June Bailey Josephine Atkinson Margery Edwards Martha Bailey Louise Wannamaker Emilie Crum Margaret A. March Helen Cockrell Helen Cockrell Nancy Arthur Louise McBride Madeline McGinnis Sara N. Arthur Peggy Glenn Marion Willman Kathlene Griffin Ann Beeves Nancy Steininger Sarah Booe Alpha Epsilon Phi (March 1934 - ) Charter Members: Anne KatjC, Sara Berenson, Jeanette Sidenberg, Jane Lins, Bubye Pogel, Ethel Nachamson. Jeanette Sidenberg< Jane Lins Frances Brooks Prances Brooks Evelyn Paradies Claire Brandt Helen Gottlieb -Sara Berenson Ruby Pogel Jane Lins Gertrude Fleet Eva Nachamson Wilma Jacobi Wilma Jacobi Rubye Pogel Shirley Diamond Helen Levitt Irene Stutson Wilma Jacobi Lillian Fleet Shirley Blurae Ethel Nachamson Gertrude Sawilosky Prances Josephs Claire Globeman Helen Levitt Dorothy Pessar Doris A. Rubin Alpha Kappa Kappa (October 24, 1931 - ) Charter Members: Earl Winfrey Brian, Milton Carpenter, Cobey, Ralph Ernest Schmidt, Ramond Taylor Jenkins, John Cole Burwell, Jr., Rudolph John Depner, Charles Mattocks Kendrick, Francis LeRoy Owens, George Wallace Holmes, James Francis Fulp, Ben Eenslee Fuqua, Robert Boyd Smith, Jr., John Stewart Forbes, Jr., Lacy Allen Andres, Jr., John Fletcher Lavejoy, Orrin Prank Kleckner. President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Lacy Andrews John Barwell James Fulp Bamond Jenkins W. C. Spring Henry T. Munson (Alpha Kappa Kappa-Cont.) Rudolph J. Depner Ben Puqua Milton Cohey Francis A. Owens Seorge I, Uhde Willis Harris John S. Forbes John C. Burwell Earl Brian Milton Cobey Eamond Jenkins Robert Smith Arthar Moyer Jenkins Ralph Schmidt Roderick Jones Marvin Herrington Charles Collins John Denholm Norman 0. Veale-George Silver, III Richard Finner Kenneth Babcock Alpha Kappa Psi (Dec. 1929 - ) Charter Members: John Daniel, Lee Hawkins, Web Murray, Claiborne Blalock, Charles Brown, Hugh Miller, Robert Andrews, Thoms-S Summerow, StTiart Hardison, William Biggs, Carroll Cunnin, Julian Connaly, • William Budd, G-eorge King, Jr., William Lassiter, Osborne Dunn, William Dunn, Jr., William Rousseau, Marshall Campbell, Robert Johnson. Grordon Power Jackson Viol Harold Pruner Fred Wildnauer Charles B. Peck Thomas 3. I^on Howard P. Mason Guy Bemer Bayne A. Sparks Raymond L. Kent Joseph S. Schieferly William G. Crawford Philip H. Gillls William Bltinge Peter J. Blake Jerome Wolfe Joseph G. Hollmeyer Walter Wikingstad George Watson Fred Wildnauer J. Bynum Grant Caleb V. W. Smith A. Gray Wilson H. Edward Ulrich Thomas S. Ryon Arthar Pawling Allen Spurgeon John T. Dollard-William R. Huck John McNeilly James Momingstar Lawrence A. Foster Robt. A.Sandersc Alpha Omega Alpha (1931-1930) Charter Members: Drs. Wilburt C. Davison, Harold L. Amoss, Deryl Hart, Bayard Carter, A. R. Shands, Jr., J. M. Arena, George W. Heinitsh, John F. Lovejoy. J. F. Love joy J. Lamar Callaway George W. Joyner Jay Arena J. Lamar Callaway George Heinitsh George Heinitsh George Heinitsh George Heinitsh President Vice-President Secretary - Treasurer Alpha Phi (May 11, 1935- ) Charter Memhers: Hath Bennett, Elinor Douglas, Betty Halsema, Eleanor Congdon, Martha Physioc. 1935 (May) Ida Applewhite 1935 Betty Halsema Mary E. Smith Countess Tabor Beatrice Bousch Ruth Auser Edith Eisen Sarah Ducket t Rehecca Atzrodt Frances Salmon Jane Winters Countess Tabor Jean Omar Betty Rich Ruth Bennett Betty Halsema Ida S. Applewhite Margery White Rath Bennett Beatrice Rousch Mary L. Kincheloe Miriam Weckisser Doris Hartman Susan Phillips Doris Hartman Dorothy Alexander Frances Goddard Elizabeth Kramer Phyllis Padmftre Mary L, Dawe Marg. Spruill Alpha Tau Omega Pounded at Trinity 1872 Banned 1879; Revived 1890 (Oldest Duke Fraternity) Charter Members: Josejih R. Anderson, Moses L. Wicks. 0. Lawrence Dortch Robert T, Bean Arthur Bradshdr Albert Clay Max Long Speed Veal Tom Moore A. Car] Lee Arthur B. House James Shilliday Speed Veal Fred Albee Werner C. Brown Edwin B. Abbott P. Huber Hanes P. Huber Hanes Norvin Perry, Jr Tom Senf f Robert Lester John Vennema William Jennings Arthur Rouse Howard Whitaker . Howard Whitaker John Hackers John Wright Don Stevenson AlspaTigh House (1931- ) Jean Stewart Louise Merkel Trixie Tannis Katherine White Barbal'a Rich Margaret Morton Louise Gracely Jean Merkel Shirley Smith Marion Shepherdson Lucia Walker Marthan J. Culbertson Kathryn Margolis Janet Rawdon Brugh, Louise Betty Yon Jean Gross Louise Gracely Betty Yon Betsy Morrison Ellen Sherrill President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer American Institute of Electrical Engineers (1926- ) 0. T. Colclough F. Colton Somers Alexander Shemet Harold L. Flowers Thomas J. Byrum John F, Byrum James Highsmith F. A. Bevacgua E. Bohert Scattergood Alexander Shemet T. Harry Worman C. D, Motley Holand Husso C. F, Bynum Roland Rasso Thomas Byrom Harvey Jenkinson Christopher R. Wehster John F. Byrum Walter Treut Curtis McCallip James L. Highsmith George Dorsey Dale 0. l/^ers Robert L. Cochran Charles Holley American Society of Civil Engineers (Feb. 14, 1933- ) Charter Members: J. H. Armfield, George B. Cropper, J, R. Malone, George D. McCrey, Robert S. Miller, Erie B. Everman, Arthur Batson, John Bird, Randolph Clarke, Fred Neu, David Di\unmond, Gerald Ferguson, Arthur Wigley. Charles Ballenger Erving Bearse Charles Baker Robert Buck Charles Nickerson Milton Oviatt William F, Groesback Carl King Francis H. Werneke Wm. D. Drew F. W. Pettengill Same William Griffiths Same John D. MacLauchlan Same Alfred Alpert Same Wm. D. MacLauchlan Same American Society of Mechanical Engineers (Jan. 1936- ) Charter Members: J. Alberts, W. Alexander, S. Boyce, W. Buckingham, G. Bynum, C. Cole, D. Cornish, R. Cummings, M. Edwards, R. Gregory, B. Guerin, F, Eartz, J. Hardin, W. Jerome, S. Jones, R. Keane, J. King, F. Lauther, M. Litler, R. Martin, E. Mathews, S. McKee, D. Nicholas, 7. Parzick, B. Schuerman, E. Shilling, W. Stube, J. Trainor, W. Turner, C. Washer, R. Crawford. Joseph A. Trainor Robert Martin Stanley Boyce Richard Keane Henry Evans, Jr. Robert L. James Robert James Ward Abbott Howard Schmidt Wm. Larsson Hulme Pattinson Wm. W. Turner Stanley Boyce Robert D. Martin Ge«rrge Bynum George T. Bynum Edward von So then Wellington Cramer Howard Schmidt Donald Wo Hard John V. Shirley Richard S. Wilbur President Vice-President Secretarg Treasurer American Student Union (Nov. 1936 - 1938) Charter Memlaers: Sheldon Harte, Half Munster, Everett Burtt, Walter Shaefer, James Pait, Robert Creegan. Sheldon R. Harte Everett Burtt Everett Burtt Pahlicity Chairmanj Kathryn Margolis Teressa Harris Archive (1887- ) Editor J, L. Armstrong J. L. Armstrong J. L. Armstrong Lucius S. Massey Erank Armfield Isaac E, Avery Luther T. Hartsell Gilbert T. Bowe Samuel W, Sparger M. Troy Dickinson John Allen Sharp Dallas W. Hewson John McT. Flowers David D. Peele Henry R. Dwire Charles K, Robinson Walter P. Budd Julian Blanchard Samuel B. Underwood Hersey B. Spence 7i. A. Stanbury M. A. Briggs Tfalter B. West Chesley M. Hutchings E. J. Lundow Quinton Eclton Robert B. Murray William I. Woo ten Isaac S. Harrell Henry C. West Business Manager Black B. Nicholson, William N. Jones Stonewall J. Durham, Emmett L. Moffitt S. M. Crowell, Stonewall J. Durham Joseph S. Betts, S. M. Crowell Robert Lee Davis Francis &. Westbrook Kincher P. Carpenter Kincher P. Carpenter Joseph E. Separk Benjamin F. Harrison John P. Gibbons Lewis W. Elias Stephen A. Stewart John K. Wood Edwin S. Yarbo rough Thomas W. Smith, Jr. Paul B, Beachboard M. Eugene NewsoB William M. Smith Frank R. Wrenn Sanford A« Richardson T^mas A. Finch Willis Smith Ernest C. Cheek Robert G, Cherry Samuel W. Marr Milton R. Pleasants William H. Morgan John J. Lilley Charles S. Bunn Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer (ArcMve-Contl ) Editor 1917 Ralph L. Fisher 1918 Clarke C. Alexander 1919 Norman M. West 1920 Jesse L. Peterson 1921 Sidney S. Parabow 1922 Mike Bradshaw, Jr. 1923 Hal A. Oliver 1924 James J. Parriss 1925 R. P. Earriss 1926 A. A, Wilkinson Eiko Tonemara Basiness Manager S. M. Spivey Robert W. Bradshaw John E. Harrison, Jr, Reno K. Par ring ton Thomas A. Banks Walter W. Turrentine William J. Bullock Charles H. Pegram Sdward L. Cannon Benjamin S. Ramsey Sara Kate Ormond B. B. Carstarphen David H. Thorpe Mary Arden Hauss Gerald M. Crona Dorothy Jennette Gerald M. Crona Elizabeth Williams Ovid W. Pierce Elizabeth Bui luck James B. Clark Marjorie Glasson Richard A. Smith Amy Duke Jsunes P. Helm, III Nancy Hudson Earle I. Ranner, II Nancy R. Hudson Edward E. Post, Jr. Louise Warren Robert C. Wilson Edward E. Post, Jr. Kiffin Hayes Lorenz Eitner Bettilu Porterfield Helmut P. Koeniz Charles A. Kirkpatrick Robert M. Johnston Elizabeth Caldwell Julian U. Connally Elizabeth Caldwell John I, Morgan, Jr. Elizabeth Caldwell W. Alfred Williams Elizabeth A. Rouse M. Eugene Newsom, Jr, Elizabeth Sellars M. Eugene Newsom, Jr, Nelson Powell McCarthy Hanger, Jr. Nelson Powell Philip M. Russell Annadale Graeter Herbert J. Upchurch Prances Edwards Thomas I^on Jane Dusenbury Clinton Morgan, Jr. Frank L. Greathouse, Jr. John M. Dozier Jean Bailey 10 Tear President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Athena Literary Society (Jan. 8, 1912-1926) 1912 Polly Heitman 1912 Bess Widenhouse Fannie Kilgo Laura Tillet Lizzie M. Smith. Fannie Vann Amy Muse Carrie B. Craig Lucile Bullard Mary Wilson Margaret Kornegay Cora Moss Vera Wiggins Anita Harper Thelma HoUrell Coma Cole Lillian Haxnsuer Lyda Bishop Annie Garriss Llllie M. Stanford Margaret Jo r don Mary K. Ellison Lillian Frost Nancy Kirkman Edith Judd Susie Marlcham Estelle Flowers Mamie Hoover Lizzie M. Smith Cora Wescott Annie Hamlin Annie Hamlin Sadie McGauley Tula Waller Etoile Young Kate Umstead Janie Chandler fiath Meeritt Mary Pettit Josie Foy Emma L. Chaff in Hunter Holloway Lu.cy Dunnagan Va, Mepritt Annie Land Dorothy Wilson Agnes Judd Mary Griffin Mary Morris Ethel Fink Irene Ahernethy Nettie Tillet Mary Vr'escott Carrie Craig Amy Muse Lucille Bullard Carrie Craig Mary Wilson Etoile Young Mary Bynum Nellie Reade Vera Wiggins Margaret Cameron Leonora Aiken Annie West Etta Thompson Estelle Flowers Amy Muse Fannie Vann Edna Taylor Mary Knight Etoile Young Laura M, Bivins Mary Knight Inez Allen Hallie Baldwin Martha Wiggins Estelle Warlick Emma L. Chaff in Mildred Beck Flora M. Meredith Allene Parrish Coma Cole Allene Parrish Virginia Merritt Jane Chris tenhury Ida M, Greene Lillian Frost Lucy Glasson Kittie Stuhhs Edith Judd Fidelia Overton Pauline Ratledge Mildred Lee Sara K. Ormand Louise Parker T. G. Stem T. G. Stem W. W. Flowers W. W. Flowers W. W. Flowers W. W. Flowers Athletic Association (Founded - 1900 Dishaned ih 1907 and formed council, dis- baned in 1914) W, 6. Jerome W. 6, Jerome T. B. Suiter John C. Woo ten John C. Wooten C. B. West L. B. Gibson Same C. E. Phillips Same J. B. Warren, Jr. J, E, .Pegraxn C. B. West J. E. Pegram P. F. Hanes J. E. Pegram H. A. McKinnon J. E. Pegram 11 President Yice-President Secretery Treasurer Athletic Association, Woman's (1929- ) Mary Langs ton Marjorie 61 as son Bernice Rose Eliza"beth Pegram Margaret Cuninggim Marjorie White Joan Bliss Frances Briggs Nancy Craig Kancy Craig Marjorie Glasson Fanny O'Keefe Elizabeth Peg ram Josephine Sahy Marjorie White Camilla Richie Billiard Hardin Billiard Hardin Doris Colsh Jean Synder Florence Moss Elizabeth Pegram Ethel Garrett Dorothy Gray Carol Strauss Doris MacNutt Grace Stamets Joan Thorns Jean Synder Marjorie LaMont Margaret Parsons Dorothy Eaton Eloise Ingram Elvira Barleigh Lucy Rauschenberg Mary Bender Frances Briggs Laurette Ryan Helen Gottlieb Sarah Dabney Prank McNeill Autocracy Smashers (1918-1919) Z. J. Best H. V. Dorrity Ay cock House (1931- ) Mary Jans en Gretchen Little Louise Warren Louise Warren Anne Ho limey er Gretchen Elmiger Elise Curry Barbara Fagan Virginia Griffin Carol Connors Barbara Fagan Patricia Head Martha Cooney Betty Griffiths Sheena Webster Manager Band (1906, Refounded- 1923) Asst. Manager W. S. Lee, Jr. Banks Arendell L. C. Larkin D. C. Lewis D. C. Lewis Banks Arendell L. C. Larkin R, K. Smathers R. W. Spencer President - J. R. Chamberlain C. T. Meacham, Jr. T. S. Shinn President - C. H. James President - Thomas E. Bowman Secretary - Howard Steiger Treasurer - Charles Wade Leader W. B. Arthur H. R. Sisson 0. P. Shell G. M. Ivey H. L. Blomquist me. 12 President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer (Band-Cont.) Thomas E, Bowman Bus. Manager - Charles B, Wade, Jr, Q^iartermaxter - Jack Butler LihrariajQ - Rohert Van Voorhis Manager - E. Troy Ferguson, Jr, Baptist Students' Union (1930, Revived-1934) Charter Members: (1934) Louis B. Jennings, Ivan Frantz, Robert Kincheloe, Carroll S. Feagins. Hal C, Stephens Alfred M. Back4r Louis B, Jennings Same Eohert L. Kincheloe 1/Iary Lou Kincheloe Hal C. Stephens James Bowen Ivan D. Frantz Louis B. Jennings Same A. Morgan Sucker Mary L. Kincheloe Doke Bar Association (1931- ) Wm. B. McGuire, Jr, Wm. C. Lassiter C. S. Iiturphey Eugene Z. Dubose Robert C, Finley Mosby G. Perrow, Jr. Porter B. Peteet Lawson B. Knott, Jr. Duncan C. Murchison Julius T. Sanders a. E. Miller Caroline Phillips Horade Bomar, Jr. Leon L. Rice, Jr. James Haley Robert S. Gamble Richard M. Nixon J. Mack Holland, Jr. Charles H. loxing Fleming Bomar Charles H. Young Theron C. Cleveland, Fleming Bomar Gibson L. Smith Fleming Bomar Wm. F. Womble Elmer Rouzer Elmer Rouzer Kennedy Harris "'■■■, Chas. Fischer Maurice Winger George Frampton Chas. Fischer C, H, Richardson 0. C. Carmichael S. Allen Wilson Ora Lee Smith James Mullen Leland McKeithan Horace L. Bomar J. Mack Holland, Jr, John D. McConnell T, C. Cleveland, J Frederick Cady Jr. R. C. Garden Neil G, Daniels R. Kennedy Harris Woodrow Lipscomb Bugene Gordon John Corboy James Doyle Chas* Canavan 13 President 7ice-President Secretary Treasurer Bassett House (1931- ) Bertha Eutsler Au^sta Walker Mary Parldnirst Susan McNeill Martha Bailey Mary Brent Holland Dorothy Miller Martha Down Willa Hedrick Elizabeth Gregory Nancy Leonard Nelson Powell Marie Smith Jean Boyd Mary Brent Holland Dorothy Miller Martha Down Frances Hedrick Eloise Daugherty Margaret Grood Amelia Taylor Emily Smithers Del Puston Bill Eorton Henry Hassell Herhert Fischer Bench and Bar (March 14, 1938- Henry Hassell Raymond McDermott Lura Ahernathy Jean Metz Martha Perkins Ralph House Chester Blodgett Eathrine Blakeney Raymond McDermott James Latham Howard Carson Beta Omega Sigma (1917 - ) Charter Members: M. A. Braswell, K. M. Brim, S. T. Carson, Cha.rles Hackney, F. S. Hale, E. S. Hale, S. S. Toms, W. T. T/hitsides. John H. Brownlee Gilhert Kieth Eohert C. Wood Robert W. Miller Allen Seeman Harry W. Kelly Robert Moyer William Senhauser Stewart H. Johnson Ishan Kimbrell W. Mason Sheehan J. Scott Montgomery Sidney Truesdale Joseph T, Gardner Richard Connar William Griffith Mac White Charles Short Gordon Power George B. Everett Philip Russell Thomas Power William Smoot Herbert Hudgins T. Preston Webster Robert Lohman Roscoe Brand Frank Ciiapman James !♦ Wilmott George F. Bigham William Smith Frank Sellers Jospph McLaughlin Dan Moseley Bible Class, Open Forum (1930- ) Martin Green Pardue Bunch Ross Tunnell John Myers Lyne Few SaciB 14 President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Bible Class, Open Forum (Cent.) Herbert Pohl Ivan Prantz Robert Langler Charles Shannon Frank Dennis Leroy Scott Webb Bo St Kay Bender Barney Jones Marilyn Upp Tom Cottingham James W, Brown Giay Berner Austin Whitmore Thomas E, Bowman Robert Stamey Same Webb Best G-eorgeCulbreth Same Bob Price Wm. McGirt Bible Class, Women's (1920-1935) Biology Club (1911-1926) Phi Sigma after 1926 Bert Cunningham C. H. Satterfield H. L. Blomquist N. F. Wilkerson H. L. Blomquist N. F. Wilkerson H. L. Blomqulst N. F. Wilkerson H. L. Blomquist Fred D. Fanning N. F. Wilkerson J. L. Wierda Bert Cunningham N. F. Wilkerson Blue Devils (1931- 1934) 6. W. Nfurphy Same L. W. Saunders Same J. T, Barnes Same J. H, McCracken, Jr. Same H. W. Primakoff M. Stadium Allison L. Ormond Ralph Chesson Evelyn Millner Leslie S. Thompson R, R, Chesson Members: Nick Laney, Robert Boyd, Lester R. Brown, Paul V. Harmon, Jr., William B. Cough, Robert Thome, Charles A. Higgins, Walton D. Moffitt, Harry Ingle, Ernest D. Bamham, Pete Laudeman, Larry Turner, Jack Tannenbaum. Blue Imp (Feb. 2, 1934-April 20, 1934) Editor - J. Stuart Gillespie, Jr. Jack C, Stamaton Co-ed Editor - Paula Bassett Jean Scott Patricial Seal Assist. Co-ed Editor - Anne Gwin Assistant Editors -Bradley Welfare Che.dv.ick Callahan Wm. Kothdurft Oscar Olson Berkeley Schaub Floyd Bennett Lefty Fuller Wm. W. Hinnant, J J. Hoffman 15 Year President Vice-President Sedretary Treasurer Blue Imp - Cont. Business Manager - George Maier, Jr. Bill Courtney Business Assts, - R"bt. P. StBwart Harry Etter Douglas Ferris Emily Crum Marion Moore Tekla Parker Gil Mathews Phil Small Managing Ed, - Prank Peters Helen Spangler Blue Stocking Club (1932-1935) Alma P. Foerster Eliz. A. ChitTOod Botanical Club (Dec. 20), 1911-1926) Jfi.mes J. Wolfe James J. Wolfe James J. Wolfe James J, Wolfe James J, Wolfe James J. Wolfe W. M. Marr Hli F. Taylor S. C. Del linger S. C. Dellinger G. W. Harley F. R. Yarbo rough Same Braxton Craven Education Association (1926- Became Kappa Delta Pi in May 28, 1927) John W. Carr, Jr. Edjrthe Walker Nannie Johnson N. V, Shuford Brooks Literary Society (1921-1926) Blanche Barringer Edna Beasley Elodia Yancey Dixon Barrett Esther Evans Frances Ledbetter Mary Sskridge Bessie Hooker Maude Hunter Eliz. Walker Laura Winston Laura Winston Ethel Merritt Mamie Johnson Dorothy Kanoy Clyde Padgett Fannie Hathcock Florence Harris Sarah Dashiell Florence Harriss Mamie Johnson Mildred Myers Alene McCall Blanche H. Clark Alice Herman Louise Berry Dixon Barrett Iraogene Barrett Mary Wilkinson Idalene Gulle^e Fannie Eathcock Annie Mc Swain 16 President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Brown House (1931- ) Ora Lee Smith Jane Miller Mary A, Dewey Jane Haislip Josephine Burger Eleanor Huntington Margaret Hopwood Betsy MacLeod Betsy MacLeod Helen Saleehy Ruth Sinmons Charlotte Crump Doris McCreedy Louise Walter Charlotte Crump Eliz. Rich Ethel Lednum Caldwell County Cluh (1914-1915) L J P. Smith R. C. Go forth R. K. Courtney Same Catholic Students' Union (Newman Club) (1935-1936) Virginia Patrick Wm. M. Heffner Cat's Head Cluh (1924-1928) Charter Members: R. P. Harriss, A. A. Wilkinson, Freeman Twaddell, Ralph Fuller, Jasper Clute, James Parriss, Gay Allen, Joe Chamberlain Chanticleer (Pounders: Claude Bennett, W. G. (1911- ) Sheppard, U. I. White, J. Cannon, Jr. A.S.Brower, Willis Smith, H.L.Wilson.) Editor Co^Ed Editor Bus. Manager Co-Ed B-gs. Mgr . Claude Bennett Alfred Smith Brower N. I. White J. H. Ross C. R. Bagley Wm. P. Starnes Ernest S. Savage Wm. W. Eutton G. W. H. Britt S. B. White, Jr. J. H. Burrus R. H. Bennett, Jr. R. W. Bradshaw Andrew J. Hobbs, Jr. Wesley Taylor Marion A. Braswell J. H. Shinn L. McP. Draper 17 Editor Co-EdEd. Bus. Manager Co -Ed Bus, Mgr . ( Chanticl eer-Cont . ) T. R. Waggoner H. C. Sprinkle G. V. Allen W. R, Brown Cr. P. Harris J. M. Atkins J. N. Traesdale Listen Pope J. C, Hanes C. P. Honeycutt Mary Eskridge Annie B. Anders Sara K. Orrnand Edith Parker Mary Arden Hauss Dorothy Jennette Bliz, Caldwell S.P, Garner Eliz. Rouse Edwin C. Kellam Carmen Patterson J, Gordon Townley Catherine Eleciing Martin B. Williams Dorothy A. Walton Wm. E. Woodruff Katherine Goodman Ernest Craikshank James B. Lamheth Margery Edwards Thomas 0. Jones Ruth Kelleher Hill Hudson Jeannette Bagwell Wm. OJ Williams (As^is.t Neil C. Blanton Flewellyn Flowers John J. McNeilly, Jr. Henry Brown Jean Lamhdih. Rht. Llne^erger S . L . Lane 0. A. Rohinson J. H. Tyler E. McL. Thompson Bernice Gause R. L. Biggerstaff Fannie Hathcock Alfred H. Young Mattie E, Wilson C. E. Smathers Ethel Taylor Vann R. Line^ack Montee Moyle F. W, Anders Mary Brown G. C. Hoopy Mary Brown M. K. Green Eliz. Sellars Gordon Power Bernice Rose Claiborne B.Gregory Bernice Rose K. B. Livengood Dorothy 0, Forbes Hyatt Mossburg Dallas Knight A, Read Cone Annadale Graeter A. B. Rouse, Jr. Betty Bogert Howard Mason Dorothy Creery Garfield Miller (Assist.) Fred L. Onken,Jr. Annajane Boyd Converse B. Kelley Robert Long Chaplains of Future Wars (1935-1936) Chapiain- in-Chief: Jack Honeycutt President Lizzie Wren W. C. Strowd G. D. Harmon Chatham County Club (1911-1920) 7. President E. C. Durham R, H. Durham L. B. Durham Secretary L. D, Hayman Mary Bynom F. J. Bo lings Treasurer Same Lucillg Womble Same 18 President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Chemists* Cluh (1913-1926) Merged into Pegram Chemistry Club, 1927 E. Ray Bond D. W. Holt J. W. Harbison C. L. Dellinger R. B, Downey Same G.H.Satterfield A. Rosenstein Same A, Rosenstein K. L. Elmore L. B. Palls C. P. Ashley Same S. C. Markham Pred Greene Same E. M. Thompson C. D, Cox Thetus A. Shaw H. C. Thompson L. S. Laprade Chess Club (1913-1929) Revived, 1940 Earl P. McPee Brie B. Craven Robt. I. Crane Rowland Widgery Chi Delta Phi (1922- ) John Hornaday Ben Harawitz Blanche H. Clarke Leslie Hubbard Esther Metzenthin Helen D, Chandler . Esther Btorris Marjorie Peoples Same Helen Jenkins Inez Pearce Same Gladys Shufford Sara Owenbey Crockette Williams E. Rodgers C, Williams Eleanor Rodgers Mildred Stites Myrtice Watd Betty Knight Doris Pish Mildred Taylor Doris Wells Doris Fish Ethel White Nancy R, Hudson Bessie Graham Margaret Taylor Ethel White Prances Lindsay Rubye Pogel Prances Lindsay Jean Kern Pranchelle Smith Anne Gwin Mary T. Newsom Jane Dusenberiy Betty A. Stowell June Southworth Helen B. Smith Jane Bail June Southworth Freda Liverant Norma L. Goodwin Katherine Gaither Beth Shaw Gladys Williams Dixie Swaren B. Porterfield Nancy Wrenn 7a. Hopper 19 President Vice~President Secretary Treasurer Chi Phi (1871-1879) Hevived, 1939 Charter memhers (1871): Theodore Winningham, William C. Norman, William H. Pegram, William L, Terry, Shadrach Simpson. Charter memhers (1939): R. D. Tatevasian, Oeriild T. Griffin, Thomas G-addy, John MacGahan, William Boherts, John D, Hewlett, Lawrence C. Davis, Harold Harvey, Frank Tatum, Leon Reisner, Jr., Thomas Hohhs, Charles F. French, Carl Herdic, Jr. R. Der Tatevasian Thomas Gaddy Gerald Griffin John MacGrahan John MacGrahan R. T, Hohhs Wm. Roherts Wm. Roberts Roht. I, Crane John Hewlett John Hewlett Leon Reisner, Jr, Chronicle (1905- ) Editor Associate Editor Business Manager Co-ed Bus,_Mgr, Henr^' G. Foard U. Nathaniel Hoffman Wade W. Sanders Edgar W. Knight E. W. Knight A. M. Proctor L. I. Jaffe J. N. Aiken C. W. Fulford W. M, Marr L. I, Jaffe R. D. Komer F. S. Bennett W. G, Sheppard K. P. Neal S. S. Alderman Wm. J. Justus Thaddeus G. Stem Geo. P. Pope Luther G, White J. S. Wrenn P. J, Johnston P. J. Kitoer Edwin L. Jones Sidney S. Alderman James Cannon, III Francis B. Brown Rohert M. Johnston Banks Arendell Edwin L. Jones Allen T. Knott Rohert T, Lucas Charles R. Edwards Chas. R. Edwards Thomas J. Swain 20 sd.uor Assoc. Editor B^Sjl Manager Co-ed Bus . Manager E. W. Kendall Chronicle-cont Clarke Alexander Eugene C. Craft Claude B. Cooper C. C. Alexander Wm. N. Evans, Jr. Claude H. Moser Robt. D. Ware Wm. H. Lander James B. Secrest i'ranklin H. Shinn Co-ed Ed.- Va. GiTDlsons Paul L, Sample John C. Boggs Jesse H. Lannlng Larry W. Smitla Eay J, Tysor B. I. Satterfield Jesse 0, Sanderson David Hourse, Jr. Robert Long Lucy Taylor Sally Taylor G. Wilson Allen Thos. Wagg, Jr. H. Lindsay Hester H. Hajrold Ellison Homer L, Lippard Chas. Livengood Ed. G. Thomas James L. Stewart L. H. Edmondson J. L. Moorhead Everett G. Ferine Boderic S. Leland Geo. Prampton E. Der Tatevawian Duncan C. Gray Robt. Leater»Jr. Co-ed Editor Evelyn Miller Blanche H. Clarke Helen Chandler Esther Morris Esther Morris Inez Pearce Gladys Shuford Rivera Ingle Annie L. Newsom Va. Jordan Mary B, Henderson Alma ^. Hanson Betty A, Stowell Betty J. Marshall Edwina Sunholm Dixie Swaren Lois Jarrett Leslie Thompson Harry L, Bivens Isaac Harris, Jr. Wm. Rousseau Joe W, Mann, Jr. John D, Minter John D. Minter Raymond L. Kent Robt, P. Nixon Wm. G. Crawfore Eliz. Akin E. G. MathewB Walter James Travers Brown Andrew Duck)er,Jr, Adelaide Royall Sally Taylor Nancy Crews Eliz. Caldwell Dorothy Jennet te Margaret Bennett Eliz. Rouse Louise Hooker Frances Tudor Frances Tudor Gladys Souder Eliz. Akin Helen Cockrell Betty Souders Jeanne fJhirphy Polly Warner Mary Whyte President Tice-President Secretary Treasurer Classical Club (1910- ) Charter members: Warren, Proctor, Bennett, Aiken, Gaston, Hutchins, Londow. W. P. Gill A. M. Gates A. M. Gates A. H. Merritt J. N. Aiken N. I. White A. H. Merritt James Cannon, III 21 President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Classical Club-cont. w. p. Gill C. A. Burras W. I. Woo ten c. w. Peppier C. G. Cordle w. w. Hut ton A. M. Gates W. B. Cannon A. E. Brown W. P. Gill H, C. West R. E. Parker c. w. Peppier J, B. Whitener H. W. Kendall A. M. Gates H, L. Hoffman A. C. Jordan c. w. Peppier R. W. Bradshaw C. C. Alexander A. M. Gates IStigene Che s son A. S. Barnes, Jr. c. w. Peppier W, U, Vaughan D. W, Kanoy A. M. Gates M, R. Chambers Mike : Bradshaw c. w. Peppier A. M. Gates H, C. Sprinkle J. R. Maness A. M. Gates C. C. Jernigan W. F. Ricks 0. w. Peppier S. M. Kale 0. B. Ader A. M. Gates W. C, Maxwell Parman McLarty R. R. Rosbo rough James Traesdale B. B. Carstarphen F. P. Johnson Arthur Bridgers Harold Mc Curdy Heniy S. Robinson Frank T. Gerard Louis Bl Jennings James Trues dale Sidney Stovall Kendrick Few James Truesdale Herbert L. Cain Sidney Stovall James Traesdale Barney L. Jones Alonzo Kenion Class of 1923 (1919-1923) J. B. Anderson J, W. Holton Flora Meredith D. L. Suiter C. E. Summers H. C. Sprinkle, Jr. Hunter Holloway W. H. Lander H. C. Sprinkle W. N, Lander Sara DaShiell T. G. Heal J. L. Jaclcson T. G. Neal Class of 1924 (1920-1924) Elodia Yancey L. D. Moore Howard P. Powell W. L. Clegg M. Ballard Same C. H. King R. H. Pinnix Eliz, Newcomb J. D. Secrest E. B. Fisher L, E. Spiker Margaret Frank C. G. Knox C. G. Knox C. H. King Class of 1925 (1921-5925) Eliz, Aldridge M. T. Hipps E. G. Overton J, E. Dempster Lillian Frost G. B. Caldwell W, Rolf Brown R. W. Garrett Ray Shate Alice BAiley J. E. Dempster W. S. Barnes Mary L. Carlton Same J. J. Fariss W. A. Kale Mary Eskridge Same 22 President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer B, A. Carter W. L, Barnliardt H. B. Johnson W, P. Craven S. L. Cannon Class of 1926 (1922-1926) E. H. Harris J. P. Prank T. A. Aldridge W. S. Blake ney C. B. Caldwell Eliz, Roberts Olive Faucet t Annie B. Anders Prances Holmes Same Same Same E. P. McPee Class of 1927 (1923-1927) Pred A. Ware S, K. Rice D.E.Kirkpatrick R. C. Pinley Clay Bridgers Sam Bandy Parman G, McLarty W. A. Mabry Anna M. Suitte Prances Holmes Sally Taylor Eliz. Ramsey Prances Thompson A, J. Kirby, Jr. Rebecca Land H. L. Lester James Traesdale Arthur Harris J. C. Barwell Class of 1928 (1924-1928) A. P. Harris Edith Parker Stewart Rogers R. G. Tattle, Jr, Edith Parker Same Dorothy Honey cut t Same Ellen Huckabee Same Kathryn Warlick A. Kirkpatrick R. C. Veach Sprail Thornton James Carruthers Coke Candler Class of 1929 (1925-1929) Sam McNinch Eliz. Clifton Eliz. Borland Eliz. Clifton Wm. Kaleel Geo. Ashford Vann R. Linebach Jeannings G. King Pajiline Weber Harry Hollingsworth Robt. Johnson James W. Putrell Class of 1930 (1926-1930) Joe Savage Luther Angle E. Weatherspoon Harry Councilor Ernest Jenkins John PI Lucas Thomas S. Steams Bessie Martin Margaret Bennett Dorothy Jennet t Margaret Bennett Herbert O'Keef Henry Ruark Richard Stearns Alton G. Saddler Alton G. Saddler Class of 1931 (1927-1931) J. Gaither Pratt Wm. Porter Sellers Wm. E. Joyner Jake Parrott 22-a President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Women's Class of 1931 (1927-1931) Cornelia Yarborough Hettie English Eleanor Peek Frances Hill James Mullen Men's Class of 1932 (1928-1932) Philip Bolich James Wellons Women's Class of 1932 (1928-1932) Louise Moses Margaret Bledsoe Florence MqSS John Gramhle Mary J. Tate Lawson Znott Men's Class of 1933 (1929-1933) Jos, Skinner Parker Hamlin Hobt. S. Voorhees Women's Class of 1933 (1929-1933) Dorothy Newsome Nedra Jones Anne Ingles Martha Vance Joe Shackford Carl F, Schock Men's Class of 1934 (1930-1934) Nicholas L, Pine John Peckham Carl F. Schock Geo. H. Lamar Leroy Sides John Hamrick Women's Class of 1934 (1930-1934) Helen Daniel Eloise Ingram Margaret McCoy Mary Jansen Janet Griffin Annie K. Rebnan Carolyn Mcintosh Catherine Serf as Don McNeil Men's Class of 1935 (1931-1935) R, Ahner Jones Jackson M. Viol James B. Allardice Women's Class of 1935 (1931-1935) Ethel Garrett Tempe Hewsom Dorothy Wjrvell Sally Clark Ethel Garrett Mary Mei^tlejohn PSiscilla Smith Louise Merkel Men's Class of 1936 (1932-1936) Frank J. Sizemore James B. Henry Joseph S. Hiatt Thos. Murray Women's Class of 1936 (1932-1936) Helen Gray Emmie L, Morton Va. Hardin Ruth Phillips Dorothy Gray Bliz, Sutten Ruth Phillips Margaret Waldrop 23 President Vice-president Secretary Treasurer Men's Class of 1937 (1933-1937) Tom F, Southgate John Timmons Robert Lapham William Wom"ble William C. Jennings Tom Soiithgate John A.Zneipp Howard Eastwood Helson Jantzen Richard M. Taliaferro Gerald McMaster Howard Sastwood James Gorringe Women's Class of 1937 (1933-1937) Walton Bowen Katherine Upchurch Constance Wyatt Catherine White Evelyn Taylor Bess Laing Nancy Peterson Margery White Dorothy Davis Paula B^ssett Bess Laing Lucy Rausehenherg Margaret Zecher Be.vs Laing Gilbert Mathews Preston Webster Willard Earngey Jean Stocker Margaret White Margaret White Jane Love Men's Class of 1938 (1934-1938) William Courtney Fred Rebman Preston Webster James Little Arthur Bradsher Norman Wherrett Danny Farrar Ray G, Sparks Norman Wherrett Women's Class of 1938 (1934-1938) Marjorie Winston Margaret Neel Genevieve Baggs Betty Stine Joan Bliss Betty Stine Annie Daniel Patricia White Margaret White Jean McCaiiley Betty Bogert Men's Class of 1939 (1935-1939) Garfield Miller John Parsons Tom P.Senff Howard Mason Charles Moorhead William Rhodes Charles Finefrock Richard Goode John Cfee Robert O'Mara John Goehrig Fred Yorke Richard Ooode Henry MJWilson Walter J.Kerr James R, Kahle Women's Class of 1939 (1935-1939) Marie Pedeflous Hazelle Gillin Katherine Chubb Hazelle Gillin Betty Shortlidge Hazelle Gillin Frances Brooks Louise Brugh Bliz» Shortlidge Dorothy Creery Jane Kelley Betty Erion Helen Bennett Caroline Breedlove Helen Salieby Dorothy Henry John Lloyd Jack Palmer Sam Williams Add Penf ield Men's Class of 1940 (1936-1940) Jack Palmer Frank Chapman Albert Banks Guy Berner Al Kley Edward Henderson Fred MacGlllivray Joseph T, Gardner Maurice linger Arthur Peabody Rufus T, Brinn Robert W, Stivers . J. =■7 24 President Vice-President Secretary Treaforer Woman's Class of 1940 (1936-1940) Edna Campbell Barbara Henry Macine Neuslml Barbara Henry Eleanor Davis Clairbel Gee Rosanna Brewer Peggy A, Eaup Farrar Baboo ck Farrar Babcock: Nancy Broim Eleanor DaVis Jo Collins Nancy Brown Janet Haas Men's Class of 1941 (1937-1941) Donald Mitchell Robt. P. Moore John E. Wright Robt. D. Little Harold Carswell Edward M. Brown Edward Brown Bob Atwell Robt. D. Little Brace E. Boorman Charles Henderson James B&kier Harold Carswell Howard Carson Jean Boiighton Jean Bou£^ton Thea Congete Babbette Baker Women's Class of 1941 (1937-1941) Thea Conger Dorothea CoDger Doris Tritle Doris Tritle Rosemaiy Forsythe Doris Tritle Margaret Bezzenberger S. Southgate Babbars Fagan Eleanor Southgate Ivey Courtney Rose Kueffner H. W. Kendall Cleveland County Club (1916-1917) J. H. Burnxw D. H, Peeler Claude &rigg Women's Class of 1942 (1938- ) Betty L. Qaick Marion Lassen Sarah Dabney 7a. Huston Nancy Leonard Nancy Leonard Eliz. Peach Betty Peach Betty Peach Linette Jbnith Linisette Smith Sally Osborne Men's Glass of 1942 (1938- ) Howard Moffett Robert A, Wilson Howard Moffett Wm. Senhaaser Robt. Puder Robt. McDonough Lawrence E. Blanchard R, A, Sanderson ^ Clay Rogrbach Robt. McDonough .31". If- 25 President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Women's Class of 1943 (1939- ) Kathleen Watkins Nancy Wrenn Kathleen Watidns Nancy Wrenn Katherine Danleberger Nannie L. Kern Pauline Beaver Nannie Lou Kerns Men's Class of 1943 (1939- ) Irvin Wright Wendell Lockwood Thoharn Synder Dick Ford Prank I. Wright Richard H. Ibrd J. Kenrpton Jones Same Women's Class of 1944 (1940- ) Jean Maddox Antoinette Salley Sara Banting Mary Banldiardt Men's Class of 1944 (1940- ) Howard Hardesty Wm. S. Dolt Eenry Nicholson Eoht. M. Gantt, Jr, Order of the Coif (1933- ) 1933 Justin Miller 1934 H. Claude Ho rack 1935- 1941 H. Claude Ho rack Gordon S. Dean Same Wm. R. Roalfe Same Wm. B. Roalfe Same Columhian Literary Society (1846-1938) 1897 3^D. H. Littlejohn 4jG. H. Humher 1904 3;N,S.0ghurg, Jr. 4) J. A. Morgan 1905 C. R. Pugh S.B. Underwood 1906 1) L. B. Pendergraph 2) H. S, Spence 3) C. Q. Stewart 4) C. E. Phillips Wood w. W. Card R. H. Mann J. M. Oulhreth J. R. McPhail w. R. Grant W. A. Bryon w. R. Grant ;dg. Secy: W. R. Grant L. W. Crawford D. H. Littlejohn J. C. Richardson C. J. Harrell P. W. Oharr Alton S. Hohgood R, C. Goldstein Corr. Secy: H. B. Howe P. S. Love E. B, Hohgood Edgar Knight and J.B.Sidhury 4) A. M. Proctor W. A. Biyan C. E. Phillips Pyank Culbreth L. P. Wilson R. C. Goldstein R, C. Goldstein 26 President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer ColumMan Literary Soclety-cont. 1907 3) s. A. Richardson L. P. Brothers C. C. Cunningham R. C. Goldstein 4) K. w. Parham F. s. Love Willi 8 Smith R. M. Patterson 1909 4) B. L. Phillips Nathan Wright J. Londow H. R. Hunter 1911 1^ R. G. Cherry E. J. Londow J. R. Davis c. E. Rozelle 2) E. J. Londow R. M. Patterson K. P. Neal J. R. Davis?.?. 3) R. M. Patterson C. E. Rozelle Same (Nesl) J. R. Davis 4) C. E. Rozelle V. A. Moore Same (Neal) J. R. Davis 1912 1) S. s. Alderman K. P. Neal w. P. Stames J. R. Davis 2) w. w. ?yrd K. P. Neal P. B. Brown w. M. Edens 3) K. P. Keal J. P. Wynne P. B. Brown w. M. Edens 4) W. M. Edens M. L. Stuart M. B. Andrews B. S, Savage 1913 1) J. R. Davis 1. P. Stames P. B. Brown 2) w. P. S tames B. P. Dalton D. W. Holt 3) B. P. Dalton M. B. Andrews I. S. Harrell 4) M. B. Andrews w. B. C5ovington P. Hawfield 1914 1) H. E. Myers B. w. Barnard J. H. Grigg 2) B. W. Barnard P. B. Brown 6. W. H. Britt 3) P. &. Farrar J. s. Cox L. c. Allen 4) P. B. Greene s. L. Gal ledge V. u. Secrest 1915 1) J. H. Grigg 0. w. H. Britt A. B. Parmer 2) L. c. Allen R. M. Johnson G, H. Verguson 3) R. M. Johnson B. L. Smith s. c. Pew 4) B. L. Smith J. w. Hoyle A. H. Gwyn 1916 1) E. C. ?ew A. B. Parmer P. L. Sample 2) M. J. Eatsaon G. R. Jordan M. S. Lewis 3) John Cline M. B. Woolsey B. M. Spivey 1917 1) E. M. Spivey H. w. Sanders A. J. Eohhs ^l B. 0. Merritt M. S. Lewis (Miss ) Claude Cooper 3) L. L. Gobhel L. H. Allison R. A. Smith 4) L. H. Allison H. w. Kendall R. W. Sanders 1918 1) A. J. Hohhs J. H. Lanning N. M. West R. K. Smathers 2) A. H. Gijyn C. B. Cooper L. H. McNeely L. W. Saunders 3) L. H. McNeely w. H. Cherry J. H. Brendall.Jr.L. w. Saunders 1919 1) N. M. West J. W. R. Norton R. A. Parham C. H. Moser 2) J. W. R. Norton J. T. Carpenter N. C. league 3) R. A. Smith R. A. Smith G. D. Harmon 1! TXM^ •<•* »'* f »K 27 President Vice-President Secretary4 Treasurer ColtunMan Literary Society-cont, J. W. Hathcock G. D. Harmon C. Grigg Hugh Lefler C. Grigg C, W. Bandy Htigh Lefler C. S. Maky Leroy Dalln K. L, ELnore B. I. Satterfield R. H. Haass E. D. Ware J, B. Tabor J. L. Jackson W. Q. Grigg T, B. Bradley G. C. Ervin C. H. King H. A. Olivdr J. T. Lannlng E. B. Uartin J. P. Boyd W. A. Kale S. M. Kale .W. Q. Grigg C. 2. Jordan D. H. Conley H. A. Oliver J. D. Secrest W. S. Smith F. B. Joyner J. P. Boyd L. L. Wall S. M. Kale B. S, Ware L. L. Wall W. S. Blakeney W. S. Blakeney A* B. Gil^son A. B. Gilison F. A. Lee W. A. Mabry I. G. McLarty D. D. Holt P. R, Ervin W. A. Hart J. A. Brothers I. E. Harris T. 0. Gentry B. G. Stewart W. C. Biggs T. S. Steams Kelson M. Blake Herman Walker E. G. Dawson E. L. Ervin W. S. Grant B. H, Zigler M. Walters G. C. lupton W. 0. Biggs B. 6. Stewart S. E. McEachern T. S. Stearns Heftnan Walker Paul D. Ro her son J, Jenkins C. E. Backner G. G. Adams J, L. Jackson Leroy Dalin B. I. Satterfield Henry Balk D. W, Kanoy (Miss) W. Q. Grigg C, E, Jordan E. P« Gibson T. B. Bradley B. E. Holt W. Q. Tattle J, J. Parriss E. B. Martin W. S. Blakely S. M. Kale W. C. Maxwell P. A. Lee G, P. Harris A. B. Gibson J, B. McLarty W, A. Mabry H. L. Bivens B. E. Ervin P. E. Pile E. E. Partridge W. q. Grigg H. A. Oliver H. A. Oliver J, J, Parriss B. B, Martin J. P. Boyd J. PILBoyd B. S. Ware W, S, Blakeney P. G. McLarty W. D. Maultsby J. G. Wilkinson W. S. Grant P. E. Pile J. A. Brothers W. C. Parsons H. C. Perrell M. W« Maness H. P. Strickland Paul D. Eoberson Arthur Kbffler John Jenkins Baymond Inndgren T. 0. Gentry T, S, Steams S. W, Reynolds Herman Walker Hannis Latham J. Jeiikins E, W, Couch John Poe Lawson Knott H. C. Perrell C. N. Swan H, A. Lupton W. C. Haass L, B. Parabee S. B. Underwood John Jenkins Thomas Carriger r ' ,CitQO- ** f* Tr h * D .W 28 President yice-President Secretary Treasurer Colxun'bian Literary Society-cont, Lawson Knott Thomas Balrd Alexander McLean Davis Williams Davis Williams Dowd Banglex Hobt, Morris Wm. Holler Thomas Rogers Wm. Holler Sam Hogol Charles Short Therman Troxler Homer Hilton Henry Jaegger Rohert Morris Pardae Bunch Andrew Berry Fred Cady Robert B. Zay Fred Cady James Bistline Robert E. Kay Bill J. Williams Wm. Simmons 1936 Wm. B. Somerville Chas. B. Wade Denny D. Williams Frank Marlcham Prgm. Chairman: Charles Sporgeon 1937 James F. McOimsey Jack Eargett Bill Rhodes Chairman of Program Committee: Dorsey Spargin 3) D. H. Littlejohn L. W, Crawford Wood ») ff. H. Humber D. H. Littlejohn R. H. Mann 1908 l) C, L. Bivens R. C. Goldstein H. R. Hunter 2) A. J, Templeton C. C. Cunningham H, R. Hunter 4) C. C. Cunningham M. A. Briggs L. M. Parker 1910 l) H. R. Hunter 2) H. R. Hunter 3) L. I. Jaffe 4) W. R. Bell L. I. Jaffe L. I. Jaffe W. G. Gaston H, R. Hunter W, H. Muse, Jr. W. H. Mase, Jr, I. W. Byrd A. W. :^rd Jerome E. Rosen W. W. Card J, M, Culbreth B. L. Phillips B. L. Phillips B. L. Phillips E. J. Londow E. J. Londow E. C, Rozelle E. C. Rozelle 1919 W. N. Evans 1920 J. K. Vise Cosmopolitan Club (1919©1934) L, C. Richmond, Jr. J. L. Jackson Helen Cantrell Flora Meredith Same Same "D" Club 1924 G. B. Caldwell C. W. Porter J. P. Frank Davenport College Club (1921- ) Imogene Barrett Margaret Jordan Esther Eads nc- i .J> !• . T 29 Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer 1935 1936 Mildred Williams Carol Strauss 1937 DeTaaters' Club (1931- ) Inez Iternetlay Erma Griffith Mildred Williams Elizabeth Hatcher Catherine Blakeney Jean Metz Business Mgrj Parrar Bahcock, Betty Holt Publicity Mgl:: Catherine Blakeney, Shirley Goldsmith Betty Jelks Elizabeth Hatcher Business Mgr: Parrar Babcock Publicity Mgr: Catherine Blakeney Catherine Blakeney-Jean Metz Buxiness Mgr: Betty Holt Publicity Mgr: Shirley Goldsmith 1938 1939 Jean Metz Publicity Mgr: Shirley Goldsmith Jay Metz Idella Benson Betty Pierce Parrar Babcock Charter members: Delta Chi (1938-1939) Catherine Blakeney, Evelyn Oulp, Lucille King, Jean Metz, Betty Pierce, Janls Pridgen, Helen Rohrer, Shirley Smith, Hope Thomas, Heloa Willis. 1938(Sp)Jean Metz Catherine Blakeney Shirley Smith 1938 Catherine Blakeney-Janls Pridgen I '-Shirley Smith Betty Pierce Helen Rohrer Charter members: Delta Gamma (Replaced Delta Chl-1939) (1939- ) Alma D. Baskin, Jane Blackburn, Miriam Cole, Audrey Conrad, Mary Cowles, Kathering Kaither, Elizabeth Galther, Elizabeth A. Green, Lillian C. Harvard, Lucile King, Marjorie Kishpaugh, Barbara Marshall, Jean Metz, Betty Pierce, Helen Rohrer, Shirley Smith, Margaret Stames, Hope Thomas, iane Waters, Virginia Wray. 1940 Lillian Harvard Lucile King Record, Sec- Hilda Petty Margaret Starnes-Assis, Treas.- Corres. Sec- Va. Goodbody Helen Magnuson 30 President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Delta Upsilon (1931- ) Charter Members: Margaret Bledsoe, Louise Smith, Ihnma Sloop, Edith Haines, Nedra Jones, Maxy Skinner, Martha Stringfield, Ola Belle Whitehead, Frances Tudor, Mary Winget. Margaret Bledsoe Sarah Fulton Dot Warren Mary McCollum Gladys Souder Frances Tudor Louise Smith Ola Belle Whitelead Mary &. Ininget Huth Bailey Florence Geise Isohel Shrine r Barbara Rifth Louise Carter Mary Skinner Caroline Hietle Isohel Shriner Marie Anderson Barbara Hich Nellie A. Opper Huth K. Haddon K. Maedee Brown Betty Tow Margaret Moore Helen Lieb Rcdg. Sec- Marg, Moore Gene M. Laney Gorr, Sect Isobel Shriner Hcdg. Sect Marg. Zecher Charlotte Siehler Corr, SecT Nellie A. Opper Corr, Sec- S, Ann Watson Mary B, Caton Rcdg. Sec- Isobelle Sultner Betty Yow Lois Donehoo Flewellyn Flowers Helen Driscoll Rcdg, Sec- Joan Leivis Cor. Sec- Dorothy King Cor. Secy.- Peggy Young Betty Tucker Janet Rawdon Assis.- Jean Weyman Jean Weyman Betty Shryock Delta Spsilon Sigma (1931- ) Charter members: R. B. Atkins, R. T. Creekmore, A. L. deBruyne Lee Coulter, S. G, Flock, S. R. Smith, W. B. Snow, W. F. Weaver; K. T. Mathews, advisor. Stanley G. Flack Wm. F. Weaver R. S. Miller J. R. Malone Anton L. deBruyne Same Corr. Secy- W. Brewster Show G. B. Cropper Same Corr. Secy- W. Karpinslcy Don W. Mitchell Joseph B. Maxson Hal W. Atkinson Same Corr. Secy- John M. Bird ..^oJ- » ■ 1^0 II « • 31 President Ylee-Presidant Secretary Delta Epsilon Sigma-Cont. C. E. Scott Jack Wauters Irving W. Bearse Wm. W, Tamer Fred, H, Jackson Stanley P. Boyce George T. Byniam Wm. Griffiths , Jr, Milton P. Oviatt Robt. L. James John D. MacLauchlan- Hoht. E. Perinovich Carl Laappe Treasurer Same Roy Crone 4 Corr. Secy- W. Armstrong Hcdg Secy- E. Robt. Scattergood E. Robert Scattergood Corr Secy- Chas. P. Ballenger, Jrl Francis Pettengill-Robt. E. Buck Richard C. Zeane Same G. Pred. Kreiser W. M. Cramer Wm. D. Drew Delta Phi Alpha (1931- ; C. Raymond Lundgren James L, Newsom Martin B, Williams Lenora Snyder Walter West Helmath Lenora Snyder Hilda Spence Hambleton Slingluff K. White Geo. Snyder James littler Henry Bolte John Weber Buck Koenig Hugh Myers Historian — Rath Keppee Dorothea Conger Frances Crawford Wm. Mosenson Helimxth Bode Recg Secy- Sara Berenson Corr Secy- Phil W, Casper Recdg Secy- Geo. P. Snyder Herb. J, Upcharch Corr Secy- Katherine White Camilla Ritchie Helen Parks Edwina Sondholm Edwina Sondholm Haddon Smith Bobt. Scanlon Irving Samuels Cynthia Bennett Same Delta Phi Rho Alpha (1921- ) Hunter Holloway Delta Sarah Dashiell Margaret Frank Maude Hunter Carolyn Avera Phi Laura Winston Dorothy Kanoy Luch Glasson Herminia Haynes Bho Blanche Johnson Nancy Kirkman Alene McCall Thelma Howell Alpha Katherine Cox Ida Greene Idalene Gulledge V. 32 Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurey Delta Pbl Hbo Alpha-Co nt. 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 Janet Griffin Ma^ C. Seed Ethel Weyant Dorothy Newsome Eloise Ingram June Bailey Margery White Katharine Updmrch Joan Bliss Mary Binder Doris Larsen Dorothy Wilklns Hilllard Hardin Nancy Haper Dorothy WAlcott Marjorie LaMont Dorothy Wolcott Eloise Ingrain Betty Boesch Ethel Garrett Mary A. Dewey Margaret Cuninggim Dorothy Gray Marg. Cuninggim Barbara Hlch Carol Wiricinson Ruth Haskell Cath, DeHuff Nancy Brown Grace Stamets Marjorie LaMont Doris Colsh Betty Ware Mattha Phillips Delta Psi (Pounded- Peh.1929 Succeeded by Sigma ICappa Jan, 4, 1931) Charter members: Sara Ownbey, Prances Sowe, Flora Crews Best, Angela Whitney, Ida P. Eatman. Delta Sigma Phi (Alpha Epsilon) (Jan. 24. 1920- ) Charter members: Hilllard Chreitzberg Polsom, John W, S. Norton, Lloyd B. Harthaway, Wm. P. Murphy, Jr.. Oscar L. Richardson, Alexander B, Wilklns, Charles P. Woodard, La Roy Riddick, Richard E. Thigpen. 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 James Rankin J. P. Bostook Theo. Stritzinger Travis Smithdeal Historian — Charles, f . Ackley Kenneth M. Boyle James N. Gorringe Pred P. Smith Wm. Irwin- Nerrin Stetler Albert R. Hutson Wm. M. Courtney Nelson Gibson Robt. C. Heller Edward M. Brown Robt. C. Powell Wm. f . Turner Secy & Hist.- Wm. N, Horsley J. Nelson Gibson Wm. Bender, III Albert R. Hutson Wm. S. Lone Theo. Stritzinger Janes N. Gorringe Willard M. Gillies James K. West Elliott Howe Bernard L. Ellas Stephen R. Lawrence Delta Tau Delta (Delta Kappa) (Dec. 7, 1928- ) Charter Members: Joseph T. Carruthers, Jr., Jaie H. Exam, Paul D, Veasey, Louis A, States, Worth A. Lutz, John L, Woodard, Chas. LaPair, Nelson McGary. Alton G. Sadler, Everett B. Weatherspoon, J. Pred Evans, Geo. B. King, Theron A. Bone. W, Tate Whitman, Joseph W, Mann, P. Jack Martin, Irvin Morgan, Geo. B. Nash, Horace L. Wise, Robt. M. Russell. 33 President Vice-President Secretary Treasurey Delta Tsa Delta-Cont. PaTil D. Veasey Chas, Pair J. Fred Evans John I. Morgan Nicholas Orem E. Howard Lackay uOi^ Bobt. H. Pate ▲Iton'G* Sadler Jos. W, Mann Nicholas Orem H« Howard Lackay Chas. R. Humphreys Thorn. H. Jos ten Martin B. Williams (Sias. H. Walsh Geo. B. Sveritt Wm. K. Brumbach Corr Secy- Geo. King Hcdg Secy- Wm. T. Whitman John 2). Morgan Corr Secy- Roht. H. Pate Corr Secy- Ben. P. Martin Corr Secy- Wm. D. Tuckwiller Hcdg Secy- Hugh B. Stevens Corr. Secy- Martin B. Willians James 01 Otis Hcdg. Secy- Pred G. Smith Nash Herudon Wm. Brumbach Jos. R. Mackie Andrew H. Masset Thos* G. Coen Hervey S. Moore Wm. P. Hanig Hervey S. Moore Thos. C. Morrow Chas. P. Saribom Gerald N. Smith Corr, Secy- A, I^rman Wright Holmes E. Newton Geo. B, Appleford Rcdg Secy- Robt. R. Goodwin C. Chadwici Ballard Corr Secy- Geo. B. Appleford Holmes S. Newton Rcdg Secy- lobt. L. Steenrod Corr. Secyi9 Harold A, Sykes, Jrl Clayton C. Carter Rcd€ Secy- Wilbur H. Crannell Rec. Secy- In. 0. Williams Russell A. Gair Cor. Secy- Clayton C. '^arter David M. Jamison Robt, Neuburger Donald R. Brown Judson L. Owen, Jr. Deutscher Verein (Oct. 22,1909- ) Prof. W. H. Wannamaker A. L. NcCobb Lotiis I. Jaffe W. H. Wannamaker A. L. McCobb Distaff, The (1931-1934) Editor- Mary Bradsher Bus. Mgr.- Martha Single tary Editor-Mildred Stites •rhr m^wf^- 34 President Vice-President Secretary freasarer Distaff, The-C!ont, 1932-c Bas. Mgr,- Catherine Serf as Assoc. 2d.- Laura WMte 1933 Editor- Betty Inight Bus. Mgr.- Catherine Serf as Daka Ambassadors, Joe Burke & His Members : First saxophone ^cond saxophone !niird saxophone First tranipet Second trumpet Trombone Piano Guitar Drums Bass Viol Joseph ?• Burke Wm. M. Courtney Smmet Atkins Oscar &. Stallings Sdgar L. Clayton Ben Herring Arthur Dowling Vincent P, Hippolitus Jack C. StamatoB Wm. S. Robinson Duke 'II* Duchess (March 19. 1934- ) First officers: Ed-in-chief Associate Associate Associate Art Editor Sports Editor Bus. Mgr. Co-ed Ed. Co-ed B.M. Circulation Circulation Editor Bus. Mgr. Adv. Mgr. Berkley Schaub Bradley Welfare Wade Marr, Jr. DoTaglas Corriher Wm. Nothdurft "Lefty" Fuller Ben Housh Paula Basset t Emily Crum Geo . Salmon Douglas Ferris Billiard A. Schendorf Boosevelt Der Tatevasian T. Reid Holmes flOl ^ f r ' 35 President Vice-President Secretary Treasarer Ed. -in-chief Bus. Mgr. Editor Bus« Mgr. Associate Ed. Associate Ed. Co-ed Ed. Duke 'N' Dochess-Cont, Hilliard A. Schendorf Roosevelt Der Tatevasian Hilliard Schendorf Hdid Holmes Add Penfield Ed Bonce Maxine Chambers Editor Assoc. Ed. Bas. Mgr. Assoc. Bus. M. Co-ed Bus. Mgr. Editor Bus. Mgr. Assis. Bus. Mgr. Co-ed Bus. Mgr. Co-ed Ad. Mgr. Advisers Maxine Chambers Ed Bujace Robert C. Rice, Jr. Theodore Robinson Ann King Edward Bunce Robert B. Pike Sandy A. Johnson Barbara Williams JlmnQr Southgate Mr. Hendrickson Duke Players (1931- ) Raymond C. Carter Mary J. Tate Wm. L, Gatling Bus. Manager- Win. L. Gatling, Clarence P. Woodroe Prank Car den Bus. Manager- J. B. Clark n. Wyman Editha Horton Geo. Pearson C. Turner Poster Bus. Manager- Pred P. Ha^ue Calhoun Ancrum Bus. Manager- Pred P. Hague Margaret Pranck Chas. M. McCalllster D. C. McMartin Rcg.- Bus. Manager- Chas. M. McCallister Katherine Tritle Corr.- Isobel Shriner Jim V. Rose W. Emory Plaster Rcdg.- Bus. Manager- Sam H. Reed Nellie Anna Opper Co-ed Bus. Mgr.- Marie Anderson Corr.- Historian- Ada Whitmore Mary Tobin jia. 'i. uc V "J ^ii J i% o i J 36 President Vice^'Presldent Secretary Treaggrer Dolce Players-Cont. Jim V. Hose Carl Lata Bus. Mgr.- Bill Pranck, Jr. Co-ed Bus. Mgr,- Jeanne McDonald Jolrn D. Bolton John W. Oamsby Bus. Mgr.- Qustav Forssell Co-ed Bus. Mgr.- Va. Campbell Margaret E. Barnes Henry Wentz Corr.- Charlotte Miller Rcdg.- Cameron Fornese Rcdg.- Susan L. Phillips Corr.- Mildred Morehead Marion H. DaVis Frank. H. Johnson Duplin County CMb A. W. Byrd H, B. Newbuiy G. W. Murphy J. M. Jerome G. W. Murphy J, D, Jerome Imogen Hix W. R. Hanchey Durham High School Clul 1 (1912 ?) Gordon Carver Robt. Murray Susie Marldaam Prank Sasser T. B. Roberts J. J. Thaxton Carson West Same W. C. Stroud I. E. Allen H. C. West Same A. L. Carver L. W, Saunders Anita Harper Same J, G. Ley bum Vera Carr L, W. Saunders Helen I^con S. M. Holton J. S. Burch Eva Rosenstein Same W. A. Tyree Prank Warner Pattie Knight I^'da Bishop Eattie Hemdon Jackson Boling Edith Rigebee Prank Warner LinwDod B. Hollowell Alford Holton Mary Scanlon Same Allen Murdock Wm. Cranford BKD-1 (1914-1937) Ruth Bright Same. Bessie Thompson Louise Parker Same Helen Taylor Mildred Murnick Mildred Holton Evelyn Hancock Bessie Copeland Bessie Copeland Clarice Bowman Merle Higgins Paye Mulholland Eli 2. R. ClsTkB Gladys Shixford Sane Ifyrtice Ward Ro sane lie Cash SI ma, Black Carolyn Phillips Same Mary Alice Rhodes s Marion Roe Same Ruth Michler Marie Anderson Same Jane East Margaret Adams Same •ii^i.' £. • stnvjC-af&^cI*! V.*' ?:0'-i.,-S; .2 ■t-».' 37 President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Engineers' Club (Nov. 10, 1913- ) Charter members : Seniors- J. H. Armfield, George B. Cropper, J, R. Malone, George D, McCrey, Eotert S. Miller Erie B, Everman. Juniors- Arthur Batson, John Bird, Randolph Clarice, Fred Neu, David Drummond. Sophomores- Gerald Ferguson, Arthur Wigley. F. W. Elliott J. J. Thaxton W. E. Hanchey W. H. Holcomh David Drummond Edward Storms Joseph A. Trainor Roht. D. Martin Chas. P. Ballenger F. W. Pettingill Robt. H, Daugherty Harvey T. Jenkinson Rbt. D, Martin Chester L. Lucas E. P. Lore C. L. Dellinger F. L» Scarboro L. H. Barber Ralph Glvens W. D. Hyland R. W. Tilley W. H, Holcomb Wayne Burch Edward Stcims Same Same Same, Same Same Richard Keane Chas. W. Ramsey Ward D. Abbott Bob Perinovlch Milton Oviatt Everett Carter Chas. Holley Wm. R. Griffith Geo. T. ^num Milton P. Oviatt Geo. f. Varga Dale.C. Myers John R, Greg son John MacLauchlan Bob Perinovich Daniel Morris Brandon Episcopal Vestzy Ellen Fsrnum Jack Ross Gordon Belding Dave Bew Ruth Schoenberger Gordon Fischer Ero Mathian Society (1900 - ) Ethel M. Lewis Ex-Service Men's Club (1920- ) E. L. Stamey C. H. Brown G. D. Harmon Explorers' Club (1930- ) Charter Members: Miss Alice Baldlrin, Miss Anne Gardiner, Mr. and Mrs. Justin Miller, Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Seraian and students. r) 38 President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Bxp^orere' Clu"b-Cont, 1930 Executive Secretary — Mr. Ernest Seeman 1933 Mr. Walter Cutter 1934 Mr. Burke Smith 1940 Committee: Dean Baldivin Dr. Cunningham Dr. Perlzweie Miss Mary L. Dowling Miss Gardiner Marian Plhl Betsy Morrison Gilhert Larson Enrin Larson Henry Workman L. W. Garnett Ploridian Club (1925- ) M. R. Jarvis J. Al Norris Same J. W. Hathcock L. V. Harris D. S. Johnson Folklore Society (1920- ) R. D. fare W. J. Bundy D. L. fouts Blanche Barringer T. R. Waggoner Blanche Barringer Sara Dashill W. L. Clegg Porsythe County Club (1924- ) A. C. Waggoner C. H. Pegram Prances Holmes Same Louise Parker Reba Cousins Prances Ho ire Alice Batten Lucille Gainey Forum Club (1927- ) Lucy Burt Va. Colvard Florence Moss Anite Scarboro Same Vidlette Judd Same Argyle Glenn Same Geraldine Fletcher Dorothy Forbes Same 39 Presldenip 71 ce-Pre aidant Secretary Treasurer Slgrid Pederson Mar7 A. Rhodes Dorothy Miller Carolyn Wlchum IV) rum Club-Cont, Doris Welles Prances Childs Margaret Mallony Dorothy Tbrhes Same Eliz, Friemel Same Hath Kelleher Same Mary Osborse Same Chairman- Betty Bell Chairman- Josephine Bailey Forom Committee Priscilla Alden Advisers- Dean Alice M. Baldwin Mrs. Mary H. Vance Sliz. Lewis Fraternity Pan-Hellenic Council Chm.- Prof. Wannamaker Prof. Wannamaker Prof. Wannamaker Dr. Wannamaker Dr. Wannamaker Pres.- H. C, Finley James M. Alhergotti Dayton H. Dean Bryan Grrimes James Wellons Sam Pretwell Jake W. Sullivan Bobt. M. Keown Jimmy McCall John A. Kneipp Donald Sheehan Braxton Craven Art Peahody Penrose Dgvis Lawson Reams Roht. H. Ricks Prank Bamett J. Gordon Towiiley Ernest Polack Alan C. Puryear Chas. Gill Fred Rehman Roht. Van Voorhis Geo. H. Dor say Roht. Miles £. L. Stamey 0. L. Richardson W. A. Kale W. M. Nicholson Same R. C. Finley Same C. E. Sma there John L, Burke 0. C. Godfrey Seymour Jones J. Meredith Moore John Land Geo. Speicher W. D. Rouse Irving 0. Dein Same Same Same Same Otis Greene John Long James A. Mustard Thos. W. Smith Edwin B. Ahhott Ahe A. Alterman Roht. F. Hall Russell Cooke, Jr, David Shapiro James McGimsey Fred MacGillivray Nevin Stetler Robt. McCloud Richard A. Keeler French Club (1920-1937) Succeeded 1937-38 by Tan Psit Omega lynn Pew Priscilla Alden Priscilla Alden Jane Winters Jane Withers Kathryn Montague Gene Wann U&ry Moore Stuart Leland -^t;/? 1rr;Yir S,"ij'-ij Lt... '. 40 President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Freshman Commission, YWCA (1934- ) Betty Akin, Parrar Babcock, Edna Campbell, Sue Balton, Claribel Gee, Betty Gerow, Janet Haas, Barbara Henry, Dorothy Long, Maude Tilley, Adele Lavington, Peggy Ann Raup, Ann Rauschenberg, Anne Seawell, Sally Scott, Lillian Sacrest, Evelyn Van Sciver, Gladys Williams Jo Broira Marilyn Upp Same Karleen Cooper Jane Hicks Sheena Webster Same Freshman Friendship Council, YMCA Martin Green Don F. Marion Wm. Brumbach W. Thos, Cottingham Richard Out chin Wm. P. Farthing, Jr. Geo. T. Harrell Rawlins Coffman Curtis T. Spence R. W. Smith Thomas E. BoTrman Herrej S.Moore Tfea, H. Fickes Matt Murfree Guy Berner Bu4 Willmott Art Hoffman Richard Huntington Frankly n Johnson Jim Robertson Bill Browning Herbert J, TJpchurch Same Chas. G. Kraemer Theo. Foote Robt. P. Jones Zempton Jones Same Richard Long Same Gamma Eta Gamma (1929-.19 i W. I. Gatllng Smmett Connor H. I. McDougle Paul Ervin Same Gaston County Club (Nov. 1920- ) C. C. Cornwall L. S, Jarrett J. M. Atkins C. H. Moser Edith Parker J, M. Atkins Geo. Elmore A. J. Kirby Fred Anders German Club (1929A1935) (Reorganized in 1935) Helrauth Bode Wm. H, Hothdurft Carolyn Groves Ton. TJ. Zaott Jos. W. Scott Catherine Raine $ . < it.*»' tI no. 41 President Vice-President Secretary Treasorey Giles House (1932- ) Martha Vance Hanes Clement Kathlyn Baice Claiy Peoples Soc. Ctaffl.- Eleanor Steyen6on Va. Grow Soc* Chm.- Kay Tritle Dorothy Butt Dorothy Batt Florence Cox Margaret Courtney Rachel Sink Va. Newcomh Jane Winters Priscilla Alden Kancy Raper Cynthia Bennett Parrar Bahcock Parrar Babcock Camille Izlar Mary L, Rei chert Glee Cluh & Orchestra Association (Dec. 16, 1905- ) Charter memhere: Director Kimbrough Jones of orchestra, Gilmer Korner, D. M. Albright, T. M. Stokes, C. J, Earrill, B. W. Hawks, B, 1. Seeman, W, M. Crook, W. M. Wells, A. B. Stainback, T. R, Stockard, Cecil Arthur, J. R. McPhail, Jr., Nan Goodson; director of glee chib. Prof, W, H. Overton. W. M, Crook H, B. Spence Mgr.- B. R. Pugh AssH. Mgr.- Z. A. Rochelle W. M. Wells P. Wyche Mgr.- J, R. McPhail, Jr. Ass't.- Mgr.- Gilmer Korner, Jr. Director- A. A. Wilson, Glee Club J. R. McPhail, Jr. Same L. J. Carter W. G. Matton J, B. Brinn Same J. B. Courtney Same Manager W, G. Sheppard P. S. Bennett D. R. ElrloDan P. R. Richardson Glee Club, Men's (1890 & 1910) Asst. Manager P. S. Bennett S. S. Alderman L. B, Hurley Director W. H. Overton '^H •,-^: >J-1- . loTt*» . Y,e.ti: rs ^: 42 President Vice-President Secretary . Treasurer Glee Club, Mvn's-cont. Manager- L. C. Larkin Asst. Mgr.- R. W. Giles E. W. Spencer Bas. Mgr.- A. L. Ormond, Jr. C. Turner Pester Joe llackie Gayle Herman Bus. Mgr.- John D. Klock Prank Dennis Wm. Sommerville Walt Ma8on,Jr. Speed Veal Bus. Mgr.- Henry Sink C. Speed Veal John R, Lyle Bus. Mgr.- Bruce Boorman Golson Hawkins Billy J. Page Bus. Mgr.- Bruce Boorman Phil W. Casper Same Wm. Somerville Same Henry Sink 5 SamS Paul Sommers Same Witliy K. Maddern Same Walter Gyyer Same Glee Cluh, Woman's College (1919- ) Mary K. Sllison Ida Greene Bus. Mgr.- Nancy Klrkman Charlotte Pittman Prances Holmes Carolyn Shooter Alice Herman Mgr.- Sllen Huckahee Mary Kestler Bus. Mgr,- Lalia Huhhard Edna Widenhcruse Bus. Mgr.- Dorothy Shallert Annie L. Caldwell Bus. Mgr.- Hazel Johnson Evelyn Hancock Bus. Mgr.- Erma Williams Clarice Bowman Bus. Mgr.- ^eggy Harrell Margaret Harrell Bus. Mgr. Dorothy Newsome Clara Beckton Evelyn Millner DeV. Pisher Same Same Same Same Sliz. Ramsey Annie L. Caldwell Same Evelyn Hancock Same Mildred Marrell Same Mildred Murrell Same Eliz. Clarke Laura Seely . tnon-- ■? r^ •- ^ - . . , 'fr.: '^"- -.1? 43 President Vice-President Secretary Treasarer Glee Club, Woman's College (cont.) Dorothy Newsome Lucy Harris Asst. Dir.- Dorothy Newsome Bus. Mgr.- Tempe Newsome Janet Griffin Bas, Mgr.- Susan Singleton Fannie d*Keef Kelson Ponrell Janet Griffin Dorothy Kirkman Susan Singleton Ermengarde Wegener Ida S. Applewhite Margaret Smith Bus. Mgr.- Constance Blackwood Ida S. Applewhite Ruth Patterson Bis. Mgr.- Hath Patterson Mary L. Kincheloe Dorothy Phillips Va. Grainger Maiy E. Krummel Frances Ruark Betty Ware Bus. Mgr.- Mar^orie Krummel Lee Hill Marjorie Krummel Bus, Mgr. Nancy Carver Margaret W. Taylor Chatherine Hankln Prances Salmon Aim Hughes Doris Hartman Lee Hill Peggy Walls Dorothy Phillips Mary E, Krummel Trinidad Sarmlento Kay Binder Mary J* Edwards Goblins (1928- ) Succeeded l:^ Sigma ^ Charter members: Phil H. Crawford, Jr., J. Wm. Braswell, Harry P. Taylor. J. G. Ley burn Golf Club (1919- ) Dorothy Dotger D. W. Kanoy Graduate Club Pounded: Oct. 1925 Expired: 1935-36 Eevited: 1937-38 Ivey Allen, Jr. R. 0. RiTera i» 43 -a President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer R. A. Parhaxn S. B. H§rdee Granville County Club (1913« ) Eliz. Ployd S. B. Hardee Laura Winston Same B, F, Cozart Greater Duke Club Pounded: 1924 Became part of Student Gov't 1927 J. E. Dempster Frank M. Warner G. B. Caldwell •• L, Cannon We S. Barnes Same Corr. Secy- E, B. Pisher W. S. Blakeney Same Corr. Secy- M. I. Pickens Greater Trinity Club (1910-1924) Became Greater Duke Club, 1924 W. B. Weat H. G. Hedrick Walter G, Sheppard Hubert McH. Batcliffe Bryant W. Huark Hiram E« SJyers Robert M. Johnston James R. Smltb Q^mas TS, Lee Marion A. Braswell Joseph W. Hathcock H, P. Cole Herbert J. Herring W. J. Bundy T. P. Neal L. E. Spikes C. E. Jordan C. G, Knox Corr. Secy- W. G. Matton Rcdg Secy- P. S. Bennett Rec. Secy- J. D. Lewis Corr. Secy- W. B. Bolich H. S. Pisher Rec. Secy- T. R. Waggoner Corr. Secy- R. B. Thigpen Rec. Secy- Henry Belk Corr. Secy- R. E. Thigpen Rec. Secy- G. V. Allen Corr. Secy- H, C, Sprinkle, Jr. ■■•^i.. pr-:.- v-aoi 44 President Vice-President Secretary . Treasurer Guilford County Club (1909- ) Charter members: M. A. Smith, S. S. Alderman, Sam Turrentine, N. J. miite, W. W. Burgees, W. G. Matton, W. D. Maddox, D. R. Kirkman, Leonidas Herbin. Le oni das Herbin Corr.- W. G. Matton D. w. Maddox D. B. Kirlonan W. A. Sherrod Same S. S. Alderman H. A. Maddox D. E. Kirkman H. L. Sherrod D. w. Holt H. L. Sherrod H. A. Stamey Same C. F. Matton T. B. Downey R. A, Stamey Same J. L. Peterson J. W. Toung Hades Club (1918-1926) Montrose Ballard Same Abbreviations: H.S.M. — His Satanic Majesty P. P. C- Pitchfork Custodian B, D, ~ Brimstone Dispenser R. C. — Rattler of the Chains M. P. — Master Pirebuilder P.R.H.R.- Feminine Representative in the Hot Regions, H.S.M, Bobbie Bradshaw P.P.C. Henry Pisbher B. D. Claude Moser R. C. Wesley Taylor M, P. Bill Tome P.H.H.R. Sal Tattle H.S.M. Wesley Taylor P.P.C. Iknma Davis B. D. H. R. Geddie R. C, M. D. Hix M. P. R. M. Price P.R.H.R. Marie Davis H.S.M. W, T, Towe P.P.C. R. K. Parrington B. D. L. L. Rose R. C. C. H. Moser M. P. H. R. Geddie P.n«S.A« Lelia Homble :.' nl -n 10. 45 Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Hades Club-cont. 1922 H. S. M. C. H. Smith P. P. C, W. W. TorrBHtlne B. D. Mike Bradshaw. Jr. C. R. "Ethel Merritt M. P. C. E. Jordan f •H*H«H« Marie Davis 1923 H.S.M. B. B. Pisher B. D. Stacey Weaver C. H. Prances Thompson M. P, C. R. Rowland £ • ci«H %&» Margaret Pranck 1925 H.S.M, R. L. Jerome B. D. W. C. Huckabee C. R. Alice Herman M. P. Paal R. Ervin ic .n.H.R. Prances Holmes Harnett County Club (1925- ) 1925 0. E. Dow* 1926 Palton A, Lee Grayson Biggs Same R. L. McDonald Hesperian Literary Society (1851-1931) 1888 G. T. Adams E. L. Moffitt 1893 R. G. Tut tie W. P. Gill Critios- 0. P. Ader J. S. May tubby H, B. Craven P. A, Linney A, S. Webb S. E, Mercer C. R. Clegg J. P. Gibbons R. T. Poole Critic- J. P. Breedlove -1897 J. T. Henry E. C. Ivey Critic- W. H. Anderson 1904 3) 5 R. Pranklin J. A. Long, Jr, 4) L. T. Singleton H, G. Poard Critic- 8) A. G, Moore 4) Hoy Taylor J. S. May tubby S. 0. Thome J, M. Plowers W. H, Anderson C. T. Stephens Horace Plowers J. P. Lucas P. R. Wrenn W. H. Adams J, H. Barnhardt Z. B. Barnhardt Z. E. Barnhardt .>'iic;-v's <^a'^c V' in c 46 Year President Vice-President Secretary Trea Barer Hesperian Literary Soci*ty-cont, 1905 z. E. Bamhardt w. J. Justus Holland Holton E. 0, Cole 4) Hoy Taylor J. B. Lambeth Holland Holton E. 0. Cole 1906 1) w. G. Jerome Holland Holton L. J. Carter C. c. Bamhardt 2) H. C. Kelly H. E. Lance J. M. Hays C. c. Bamhardt 3) Holland Holton B. 0. Cole w. A. Stanbury R. S. Brown 4) E. 0. Cole M. E. Nathan w. V. MgRae R. s. Brown 1907 1) A. w. Ho r ton A, L. Wisshory L. E. Blanchard T. A. Pinch 2) w. V. UcHae W. A. Stanbury P. J. Kiker T. A. Pinch 3) T. ^. Srant L. E. Blanchard P. J. litaer 4) R. s. Brown C. C. Bamhardt w. V. McRae P. J. Kiker 1908 1) H. c. Doss T. A. Pinch V. c. Ivery w. B. Kiker 2) 3) 4) L. E. Blanclaard C. R. Poushee H. G. Hedrick w. B. Kiker T. A. Pinch W. B. Kiker P. J. Johnson w. M. Marr 1909 1) w. B. West C. S. Warren J. E. Brinn w. M. Marr 2) C. S. Warren H. L. Somtt w. G. Mat ton R. J. Kiker 4) 0. E. Crook B. S. Macintosh P. S. Bennett J. B. Brinn 1910 1) J. E. Brinn C. 0. Pi she r Q:ainton Holton D. R. Kirkman 2) J. E. Brlnn C. 0. Pisher Qainton Holton D. R. Kirkman 3) B. C. Cheek 4) C. ( D. Fisher R. L, Towe w. A. Cade 1911 1) w. 0, Sheppard J. N. Aikan James Cannon 2) J. N. Aiken W. L. Scott w. A. Cade James Cannon, J 3) w. L. Scott w. E. Eller B. w. Ruark & w. T. Roark 4) w. B. Eller p. S. Benne tt Claude Bemi^t T. D. Pace 4)D. R. Kirlanan 1912 1) w. A. Cade H. M. Ratcliff S. w. Marr 20 D. L. Dardee T. W. Lee H. B. Hill 3) Q^inton Holton c. C. Hat ley R. T. Lucas B. H. Siler 4) H. U, Eatcliff G. A. Warlick D. C. Levis 1913 1) James Cannon Byron Conley R. L. Broim 2) H. B. Hill B. w. Ruark w. G. Lowe 3) B. W. Buark L. H. Barhour J. w. Carr 1914 1) J. w. Carr B. P. Taylor P. H. North 2) w. I. Woo ten R. C. Go forth C. S. Biinn 3) R. c. Go forth M. P. Morgan A. R. Coiincil 4) B. p. Taylor Guy Hamilton . T. J. Swain 8- / • ,1.' 47 Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Hesperian Literary Scoelety-cont. 1915 1) W. R. Shelton 2) A. W. Wilson 3) H. A. Glauss 4) R. W. Adams 1916 1) J. R. Smith 3) R. H. Shelton 2) David Brady 1917 1) R. L. Fisher 2) R. C. Wiggins 3) R. H. Durham 4) G, E, Spangler H. A. Grlauss R. W. Adams W. M, Pickens J. J. Lilley H, C, West C. S. Bann R. H. Shelton W. S. Ellas R. H, Durham S. A. Delap R. K, Courtney 1918 1) E. L« Hoffman R. W. Bradshaw 2) R. W. Bradshaw W. A. Thompson 3^ W, L. C. Ormond R. Turner 1919 1) T. P. Thomas 2) Wesley Taylor 3) M. A. Braswell 1920 1) H. E. Fisher 2) S. M, Holton 3) J. D. Lewis 4) Hoy Giles 1921 1) T. R, Waggoner 2) H. J. Herring 3) W. J. Bundy 1922 1) H. C. Sprinkle 2) L. S. Brady 3} C. E. Summers 1923 1) E, B. Fisher 2) W. L. Ciegg 3) C. G. Knox 4) D. S« Johnson 1924 1) W. R. Brown 2) L. Q. Mamford 3) W. W, Lawrence 4) F. A. Bridgers Wesley Taylor fl, D. Douglas H. K, King S. M. Holton J, D, Lewis Boy Giles T, A. Morse H, J. Herring W. J. Bundy M, R. Cjaamhers M. L. Wilson C. B, Summers J, B. Bridgers W. L. Clegg C. G. Kiox D. S. Johnson W.J. Bullock L. (i. Mumford M. W. Lawrence R. T. Hardaway M. I. Pickens H. C. West H. C. Greenherg W. K. Carr R. W. Giles W. S, Elias R. L, Fisher R. H. Durham C. L. Nichols R. W. Bradshaw B. P. C. Craft G. E. Powell Wesley Taylor Wesley Taylor T. P. Thomas J. D. Lewis S. M. Holton L. E. Caviness W. J, Bundy T. R, Waggoner H, J, Herring T. A. Banks S. S. Faraljow J. M. Barrett M. L. Wilson C, 0, Knox E. B. Fisher W. L. Clegg W, R. Brown L. Ci, Mumford W. W, Lawrence J. M. Keech W. F. Craven A. C. Waggoner J. E. Coltrane G. B. Johnson H. E. Sisher R. B. Thigpen C. E. hammers C. G. Knox W. R. Brown W. F, Craven, Jr. W. S. Anderson VSffi ,fi Vf idsi iR^wiJ • r r/n; 48 Year President Vlce~Presldent Secretary Treasurer 1925 1 2 3 1927 1 2 3 4 1928 1 2 3 4 1929 1 2 3 4 Hesperian Literary Society-cont, G. B. Johnson 0. C. Peeler W. S. Anderson G. B. Johnson H. L. Biggerstaff P. R. Andrews H. L. Biggerstaff J. E. Coltrane Sam Bandy S. D. Bandy A. C. Waggoner W. S. Anderson H. L. Hester H. G. Tattle A. B. Enos J. C. Burwell J, G, King B. M. Johnston D« K, Jackson T. P. Culhreth E. Weather spoon W, P, HoTrland C. Hanes J. U. Connally C. D. Bosen G. L. Robhins W. S. Anderson 0. P, Johnson P. R. Andrews R. 6. Tattle J. C. Harwell J. C. Barwell M. R. Corpening Chas. Gay H. I, Berlin Chas* Gay E. C. Morgan W. P. Rowland J. U, Connally J. P. Evans M, Warren J. I« Morgan Gaither Pratt H. L. Hestftp T. S. Thornton H. L. Hewter S. G, Spangler R. G. Tattle J. G. King E. S. Raper R. M* Johnston T. P. Culhreth Everett Weatherspoon J. C. Hanes W, P. Rowland S. C. Gunnin J. U, Connally J. I. Morgan J. G, Pratt C. H. Livengood S. H. Roheson Wm. P. Parthing Hariy Dein C. D. Rosen N, A, Gregory L937 Hesperiem Union (1937- ) Charter memhers: Douglas Corriher, Betty Jelks, Bradley Welfare, Mildred Williams, Catherine Blakeney, Eliz, Hatcher, Wm. Pickes, Roht. Lengler, LeRoy Scott, Kenneth Heise, James Gorringe Douglas Corriher Bradley Welfare i3 Clerk- Eliz. Hatcher Speaker- James Gorringe 1) Kenneth Heise Betty J. Brown Speaker- Maurice Weinstein Clerk- Catherine Blakeney 2) Kenneth Heise Lee Simpson Speaker- Dewey Daane Clerk- Catherine Blakeney De?rey Daane Eliz. Puller Don Mitchell Same sr- nc .>■ y. : ii -■ > »2 « .C ..' tT'i I'lOv ei.<5l r* •■;■■ r 49 President Vlce-Preslddnt Secretary Treasurer Hesperian Union-cont, 1939 l) Doanld C. Uitchell Paances Nelson Dean Strausbaogh Same ^ Speakers^ Tom Smart ■ Lee Johnston ■ 2) Frances Nelson Carl Clanrp Mary S. Dodge Same ■ Speakers- Thomas ^f!ugele ■ Lee Johnston 1940 Carl Clamp Kay Alexander Lee Johnston Same Speaker- Tom Mugele Hillel Group (1937- ) Joe Groldsteln Martin Parker Historical Society, Trinity College (1892- ) Dr. J. S. Bassett G. Greener W. A. Bryan Same Curator of Museum- B, S, Womhle Dr. W. K. Boyd Prof. W. S. Locldiart W. A. Bryan Same W. K. Boyd W. S. Lockhart W. A. Bryan Same Curator of M.- T. M. Gant W. K. Boyd H. C Goldstein C. B. Phillips Same Cur. of M.- T. M. Grant W. K. Boyd H. G, Hadrick W. G. Mattson Same Cur. of M.- H. E. Hunter W. K. Boyd Mr. Miller Mr. Hunt Same Cur. of M.- Mr. London W, K. Boyd E. Allison H. G. Cheny Same Cur. of M.- E, J. Londow W. K. Boyd B. L. Towe J. R. Davis Same Curator- F. H. Ray W. K. Boyd B. W. Suark J. R. Davis Same W. K. Boyd S. G. Hawfield John W. Carr.Jr. Same Curator- S. R. Sikes 0Z^<'' Jl<. f 50 President Vice-President Secretary Treasarer Historical Society, Trinity College-cont, W. Z. Boyd B, B, Jones Curator- J. K. Turner Dr. W. K. Boyd John D. Cline Curator- J, K, Turner T. W. Sprinkie Same W. K. Carr Same Honors in Graduating Class 1902 1903 Valedictorian L. Johnson I, LI Wright J, W. Alspaugh L, Branson E. R. Wright C. C, Andrews W. F. Watson A. S. Pearce J. P. Heitman R. S. Andrews J. W, Mauney C. B. Townsend E. J. Kennedy C. L. Heitman P. L, Groom 0. C. B. McMullcn C. K. Mason E, Tanner E. Davis T. E. May B. G, Marsh L. P. Skeen Dred Peacock Sxunma ^ u m Laude Lila Markham James Wardlaw Scroggs Eher Carle Perrow Salutatorian D. C. Johnson J, W. Pearson A. Puller E. Paw S. C. Hinshaw R, H. Skeen J. C. Brown D, D, Bryant W, J. Scroggs f . P. Ivy J, P, Brower T. N. Ivey Magna SS& l^scude Marjie Jordan Florence May Egerton Blanche Hester Gunn Ralph M. Odell Michael R. Richardson Thomas W« Smith, Jr, Edward W, Spencer 51 Honors in Oraduatlsg Claee-cont. 1(04 Walter Femterton Budd 1905 1906 Julian Blanchard Eliza Bichards Brown Jolin A. Morgan 1907 Holland Hoi ton 1908 Walter A. Stanljary 1909 Pearl L. Brinson Gilmer Siler Mafpia cup Laude Walter S. Loclcbart Gilbert H. Smith Will D. finger Edwin P. Hoover Otho J. Jones Alice C. Craft Alonzo G. Moore Nicholas Sneethen Ogburn, Jr. Eva H. Branch Henry G. Poard Charles B. MarldUun Henry A. Keal Hoy Taylor Mary H. Thomas Marion E, Tattle Samoel Bobbitt Underwood Wm. Arnold Bryan C. McMillan Campbell, Jr. Ural N. HoKman Han Jordan Susannah G. Michaels Hersey B. Spence J. McPherson Temple ton, Jr. Annie E. Tillett Leonidas P. Wilson Lela D. Toung Sallie L. Beavers Bobert S, Brown William Vogle McEae Mary A. McCullen Elise Mims Lela L. Parrish Lassaphine Beeves Sanford A. Hichardson Lela Caroline Starr Sanniel Thomas Thome Luther G. White Plora May Wrenn Iva L. Bar den Blannie E. Berry Curtis Lee Bivens Henry Clay Doss Prank Nicholas Bgerton, Jr. i£« 52 Honors in Graduating Class-cont, Year Sramma Oum Laud , ^ 1909-cont, 1910 1911 William H. Bell 1912 Szekiel Jacob londow Mary Loooiie Smith Magna cxun Laude Iver Ellis Thomas A. Fizich Bobert Caiman Gteldsteln Malene Harrell William E. Hall Evelyn Jones Edgar W. Knight Annie L. Mann Frances W, Marlcham Richard M. Norment, Jr. Thomas Bayton Suiter Annie H. Broiming Charles W, Falford Phillip J. Johnson Arthur M, Proctor Homer L. Scott Sarah B. Smith Weaver McT, Marr Mp^tilda 0. Michaels Claude Bascom West Walter Broimlow West Nathan Wright Emma Babbie t Joseph E« Brinn Ernest C. Cheek Clyde 0, Fisher Woodfin G. Gaston Fannie Gladstein Chesley M. Hutchings Mabel B. Isley Louis Isaac Jaffe John N. Aiken Floyd S. Bennett Paul W. Best Claudius Bertram Brinn Blanche Duke Wade Edward Eller Lucile Churchill Gorham Polly Heitman Alma 13 • Holtzclaw Edwin Leigh Jones Annabel Lambeth Ruby Lee Markham Mary L, Newnan Marshal A. Smith, Jr. Maude H, Upchorch Annie Isabella West 53 Honors in Graduating Class-cont, Stunma cum Lgade Ethel Mae A"bernethy Irene Abernethy Qainton Holton Edna Lee Holtzclaw Nettie Sue Tillett 1914 Charles Gtiy Cordle 1915 Bascom W. Barnard 1916 Ma^na cum Laude Sidney Sherrill Alderman William A. Cade Mary Edens Charles C. Hatley Irving B. McKay Kemp P. Neal Julian A. Hand Hose Suiter To we White Junius H. Wester G. Eohert L. Nemnan I. Henry L, Wilson John P. Wynn Charles Rutherford Bagley James Cannon, III Estelle Flowers Milton B, Pleasants Lizzie M. Smith Laura A. Tillett Mary Yeula Westcott Allan R. Anderson John W, Carr, Jr. Janie Love Couch Willietta Evans Benjamin F. Few Sidney L. Gulledge Samuel G. Hawfield William W, Button. John E, McLean William Early Mills Hiram E. Myers Jessie R, Persinger Aoqy F. Russell Earl Ray Sikea Beal H, Siler DeWitt T. Sttttts Fannie B. Vann William I. Wooten Louis C. Allen Laura Mae Bivins George W. H. Britt Lucile M. Bui:fed Iris Odelle ChappeJ.le Carrie Belle Craig Jasper H. Grigg Florence B. Holton John W, Lambeth, Jr. William R. Shelton Beverley C, Snow Jack W. Wallace aiiiow V '.^ ■! ■ ?l 54 Honors in Graduating Class-cont. Summa cmn Laud^ Ma/yn^ cum Lau.de 1918 Uary Luther Byroam 1919 1920 Margaret M. Cameron Lloyd S. Slklns Gladys Vivienne Price Nolan C. Teagae Banks Arendell Richard H, Bennett, Jr. John Cline Frederick W. Cunningham John Odell Durham Everett Grant Harris Grace Holton Gerald Hay Jordan Henry E. Newhary (or Newherry) Ralph Ely Parker Annie Thompson Smith Thomas Raysor Summers Edna Louise Taylor Heniy Carson West Alma Eetoile Young Ina Vivian Young lone Bivins Godfrey Brevard Cauthen Floyd Cole Caveness (Caviness) Ralph Lee Fisher Luther Lafayette Gk>b'bel Lessie Lee Harvard Henry Wiseman Kendall Willur Galloway McFarland Cora Jenkins Moss Rohert MacCollum Price Evelyn Candace Reade Paul Lindsay Sample Eate Goodman Umstead Leonora Marshall Aiken Rohert Wallace Bradshaw Minnie Brady Hugh Lynn Caviness (Caveness) Edmund Fleetwood Dunstan Rohert Alston Few Allen Hatchett Guyn Harmon Leslie Hoffman Henry Hunter Jones Ethel Marsh Iforray Vera Myrtle Wiggins Jesse T. Carpenter Vera G. Carr Lee E. Cooper Billiam N. Evans, Jr. 55 •20 Honore in Graduating Class-cont, lesir Stunma cum Laude 1920-cent, 1921 Maude Lucile Nicbolson 1922 Emma Blanche Barringer 1923 Aura C. Holton 1924 I Ma4gna cum Laude Elizabeth Ployd James G, Leybaxix Uary L, Manning Mary Blair Maury Nancy laobel Maxwell Doris W. Overton Charles McK. Ramsey William A. Rollins Florence L. Shuman Ollie B. Ulrich Joseph B, Whitener Prank R, Tarbo rough Chase Howard Benson Robert Tayloe Dunstan Henry E. Pisher Loyd B» Hathaway Samuel M. Holton Grover S. Momford Martha I. Pitts Oscar L, Richardson Beulah E. Walton Martha E. Wiggins Lucretia M. Harvey Thomas C« Kirkman Jessie L, Penny Irene R. Price Elizabeth S. Waller John E, Bridgers, Jr. Donald H. Conley Blake B, Harrison Herminia Ursula Haynes Jay Loyd Jackson Annie Marguerite Land Levi RufHis Manesv Lucile Merritt Rhodney B, Reade Sophia E, Ryman Henry C. Sprinkle, Jr. Elodia lancfy Nora C, Chaff in Marie L. Couch Robert A, Crabtree, Jr. George C, Ervin Edgar Beauregarde Pisher Margaret E. Prank ^J"; 56 Honors in Graduating Claes-cont. Year Sonma cum Laade Magna com Laude 1924-cont, Annie Blanche Johneon Agnes Adelle Judd James M. Keech John Tate I«,nning William Baugham Leake Alice Elizabeth Newcomb James Dixon Secrefct 1925 Julian P. Boyd William R, Broim 1926 Edith L. Judd Evelyn H, Turner 1927 Claudia W. Hunter ft William S. Barnes Furman A. Bridgers Velma Deyton James J. jParriss L\icy P. Glasson Idalene B. Gulledge Bichard T. Hardatvay Si^ey Maxwell Kale Lawrence Qoincy Mumford Ida Catherine Munyan Annie Marnick Bessie A, Booker Bessie J. Southerland Ella H. Whit ted James A« Wiggins, Jf, Olin B. Ader Whiteford S, Biakeney, Jr. Ora T, Deyton Eoderick M, Love William C, Maxwell Clara Elizabeth Morris Elizabeth H. Roberts William T, Twaddell Annie B. Anders Lizzie Loyde Cothran Robert L, Jerome Earl Paette McPee Walter B. Ms^er Julia Potts Prank G, Slaughter Blanche McK. Broadway Blanche H. Ciark Bobert Grady Dawson Paul H. Fields Donald E, Zirkpatrick Sadie M. Lawing William A. Mabiy John A. Ramsey (Bamsay) Bichard BrinkLey Salsbury Mary E. Vaughn » f 57 Year 1928 Honors in Grraduating Class-cent. Siimnifi cmn Laude Magna gum Lau.de James N, Truesdale 1929 Esther M. Metzenthin 1930 I Frank M. Blggerstaff Bryant B. Carstarphen Helen D. Chandler Lillian A. Chandler Margaret E, Craven Mahel J. Griffin Alfred I*. Hammond, Jr. Lawrence L. Hardin, Je. Ernest L. Haywood Hanselle L. Hester Leila Huhbard Ellen H. Huckabee Charles A. Kirkpatrick Eehecca Kirkpatrick Kenneth Raymond Lagerstedt Gladstone Wadl^y McDowell Catherine Mills John W. Morgan ^lliam R. Marrgan, Jr. Louise P. Parker William S. Rogers Anita Scarhoro Bessie 7. Thompson Gladys Ruth White Martha L. Adams Dunham W. Boyette Annie L, Caldwell Rachel V. Copeland Jacoh M, A. deBruyne John E, Doxey Alfred M. Franko Mildred E. Holton Jennings G. King Mildred li^nick Talmadge ee Peele Kelson G.- Rosenborg Roxie J. Sasser (Mrs.) William S. Sloan Thomas E. Summerrow Helen J, Taylor John L, Woodward Idwin S. Yarbo rough, Jr. Arthur D. Bridgers Bessie 0^ Copeland Reba T. ^ousins Osborne E. Dunn Evelyn M. Hancock 58 Honors in Graduating Class-cont. Year Sujama cnam Laade 1930-cont. ..;:'T 19S3 Magna cvun Laude William F. Hoirland, Jr. KoTman A. Hufftnan George B, King, Jr. Hortense D, Loiag Harold G. McOurdy 1211231)6 th A. MacFadyen Esther J. Morris Her"bert E. 0*Keef Marjorie D. Peoples Katherine M. PMlllps Nathan Huhinstein Joe A. Savage John Sidney Shaw Nelle Spivey James B. Stalvey Richard H. Steams Thomas S. Steams Charles T. Thrift, Jr. Hi chard J. Bis son Carl F, Bretholl, Jr. Argyle Glenn Gladys M. Higgins Edgar J. Hocutt Helen Jenkins Morris A. Jones Charles H. Livengood, Jr. Whitfield H. Marshall Anna Katharine Moses Elizabeth Faye Mulholland Joseph Gaither Pratt Frances Howe Walter A. Stanhury, Jr. Herman Walker, Jr. Lila Mack Woodward Margaret G. Altvater Elizabeth E. Clarke Margaret G, Harrell Elmer C, Harrison Edith E, Leach Charles E, Stuart DaVid Sterling Clarke William P. Dale Harry L. Dein Lucille Buchanan Gainey Marjorie Glasson ( ■• iXX^v 59 Honors in Graduating Class-cont, Tear 1933-cont, Suama ctun Lau.d0 1934 Warren C. Scoville 1935 1936 Betty Priemel ^ Catherine Isenlaour ^' Herbert Strasslsarger^ Henry S. Robinson .v^ Magna cupi Laade William Karpinsky Jacob Levin Dorothy Newsom Henry Acaley fynn William E, Apple Harold W. Atkinson Celestine Wilbur L. Rosanelle Elinor M. Joseph W, M. Beamer Brister Cash Douglass Getzendanner, Charles R, Humphreys Ira Stanley Ross Robert W. Sapp Mildred J. Taylor Ross A. Tunnell, Jr. Slma J. Black Walter E, Conrad Daniel K. Edwards lyne S, Pew Dorothy 0. Porbes Blaine R.Harkness Seth B. Hinshaw Thomas W. Keesee Frances S. Huls Marjorie A. King Philip M. Zirk Rerrait L. Leitner Donald G. McNeil Carlos DuPre Moseley Caroline M. Phillips Lena Sear Philip Linus Shore, Jr. Sarah Wray Thompson Raymond H. Wadsworth Brnest E. Wood Virginia K. Baker Rath Bowman Edward W. Cooly Herbert A. Pohl Marion Roe Jr. 60 Honors in Graduating Class-cent. Samma cam Laude James A. Bistline James W, BrownJ Jr, Frederic N. Cleaveland Harold Reeves Collins Ivan DeR. Prantz Frederick R, Jackson, Jr. Virginia S. Redfern Dorothy H, Seymbur 1938 Bruce Harold Breenfield Frances Hilda Kirkpatrick 1939 Ellis Thomson Baker, III Freda H. Liverant Mildred Patterson 1940 Lillian A, Secrest Ro swell &. Townsend Frank L. Beckel Lorenz 2. g,, Sitner Magna cum Laude , Mariana D. Bagley Earl T. Brach Wilsie F, Bussell Headley Morris Cox, Jr. Joseph K. David Eugene Desvernine Irwin Friedlander Anne R. Izard Helen C, Larzelere Charlotte B, Markham Jerome S. Menaker James A. Poit Hamtleton Singlerff, Jr, Jessie H, Walker David Horgan Bane Clark Alvin Crawford Arthur J. Dowling Jane East Harold Lee Flowers Harry B, Hausser Jesse P. Kaperman Oleta J, Love Margaret H. Morton Horace Russell, Jr. Martha T. Schmidt Donald H. Sheehan Roberta E. Townsend Luther I. Wade, Jr. Thomas P. Webster, Jr, Sara Arthur Willis Spangler Beckel James D. Daane Leroy E, Duncan, Jr. Kendrick S. Few Margaret Finger Benjamin S. Ho rack Susan Phillips Robert C. Rand Janet Ret tew Viviaji Rieger Victor K. Smith, Jr. Robert H, Van Voorhis Alona E. Evans Charles L. Dimond Gwy A. Battle Jane Bail John F, Byrum 61 Year President Vice-President SecretaryS Treasurer Instrumental Music Association (April 1936- ) 1936 Manager- Charles B. Wade 1937 • B. Troy Ferguson, Jr. 1938 " Robert H. Van Voorhis Ass't M^r.- Evan Thompson Qoartermaster- Jack Butler 1939 Bus. Msgager- Evan Thompson 1940 Bus. Manager- Robert Ladd International Club (1935- ) 1934 Ben B. We ems 1935 Fred E. Bratzel 1936 Donald V. Hirst Inter-State Progressive Club (1913- ) Chm.- P. B. Trigg D. C. Lewis V.C. & B.M.- C. H. Chilhingerian A. T. Enott Inter-Campus Relations Committee (1939- ) Babette Balcer Doris Tritle Rep. on Senior Cab.- Peggy Barnes Same Iota Gamma Pi (Oct. 1922- ) Bruce Roxby Hal W. Atkinson Chas. Httfflphreys John M. Bird fin. E. Apple Warren P. Armstrong Edward Storms Blaine Harkness Lon Coone Jos. A. Trainor E. Robt. Scattergood Robt. H. Rushmer Gerald R. Cooper Robt. H, Daugherty Doug, S. Nisbet P. R. Jackson James C. Hardin H. T. Jenkinson N. Pukuhara R, Z, Gould Lloyd P. Timberlake Roger J. Sherron C. J. Kreiser Romeo A. Palciani Iredell Law Club Ivar H, Peterson Chas. R. Warrier Leon L. Rice, Jr. Duane Littell Wm. J. Baird Gene Desvemine Richard M. Nixon Campbell Garden 62 Year President Vice-Pregident Secretary Treasurer (Feb. 15. 1937- ) Charter members: 1936 Anne Seawell 1937 Carol Wagner 1938 Sara J. Waters 1939 Bess Taylor 1940 Bliz. Tajrlor Jane Ball, Betty Conrad, Lois Cooley, Alona Evans, Betty Grerow, Betty Kramer, Bemice Lane, Martha Perkins, Anne Seawall, Lillian Secrest, Evelyn Van Sciver, Margaret Ward. Evelyn VanSciver Martha A. Young Florence Rick Peggy Addicks Marg. Addicks Betty Gerov Same Elize Curry Bose Kueffner Betty Partenf elder Ann O'Rourk Joanne Stephens Marlon Pohl Joan Stephen Marian Pohl 1931 Eleanor Rodger s 1934 Evelyn Carpef 1935 Dallas Knight 1936 Frances Lewis 1937 Helen Burgess 1938 Margaret Ward 1939 Margaret Ward Jarvis House (1931- ) Mary 0. Pethick Same Joan Bender Same Isotes (1938- ) 1938 Harriet Shoecraft Betty S4awall 1939 Jean Baily Lucille Chandler 1940 Jean Bailey Geraldine Dodrill Adv.- Katherine R. Jeffers Helen Saleeby Ruth Schoenberger Rec. -Mildred Bergen-Josephine May Cor. -Jacqueline Lentz Cor.- Sarah McCanless Maiy S. Webster Rec- Antoinette Baca Junior Big Sisters (1920-1936) (Work taken over by Freshman Advisors) 1921 Hunter Holloway 1935 Frances Lewis 1936 Roberta Townsend Florence Harris Pat tie Knight Same Sft.>«'rCr„ f^,^." r.f 63 President 4 Vice-President Secretary Treasmrer Kappa Alpha (1901- ) Donald McNeil Thomas Smith JinnHSr McCall Philip Russell Herbert J, Upcburch Archer E, Lackey Fr8d Rehman Thomas Hyan Ellis T. Baker Clinton W. Morgan H. Tim Brinn Prank C. Bone Douglas P. Peterson Andrew Dacker J. Kern Ormond Wm. Bowman Chas. H. Gill Ellis Baker. Ill Walter C.Johnson Ployd B. Souders Sam Tyler Ernest Swlger John 0. McCoy Bobt, Parsons Henry Worth Tom D. Saart Lawrence Blanchard 7. E. Sellers Eappa Alpha Theta (Beta Hho) (1928- ) Sarah Thompson Maiy L. Bradley Sue Hardy Mary A. Bhodes Editor-Anne L. Heist Alma Hedrick Audrey Speicher H. -Constance Fatton Audrey Speicher C, -Sarah Rankin Eliz. Sasscer Frances Childs Ed.- Sarah Williams R. -Ariel Moneyhan Prances Edwards C.-Char. Marshall Va. Braznell Miggie White Caroline Breedlove Dorothy Porritt Julia Coffman Mary E. Carter R, -Prances Briggs Betty Douglas C.-Jane Braznell Rosanna BrSwer Martha Glenn C,-Eliz. Bowen Betty Douglas R.-Janet Haas Kay Weidmann Thea Conger C. -Louis Walter Eleanor Southgate R. -Katie Kantt Kappa Delta (Sigma Delta chapter) (April 9, 1912- ) Charter members: Mrs. W. P. Pew. Mrs. Mary Duke Biddle, Bstelle Plowers, Katie Lee McKinnon, Lucile Gorham. Mary Gorham. Catherine Thomas. Mary Berry. Eliz, Pegram Vivian Smith Sara L. Palls Harriet Waits Ed.-Gary Armstrong Alma Lloyd Hanson Josephine Burger Ed.-Gwendolyn Cline Annie W. Daniel Betty Souders June Russell Mary Drew Clay Byrne Ware Evelyn Bo lick Helen Gray Mem Plyler Jeannette TeSelle Josephine Burger Lee Hill Marjorie LaMont Mary Vickers Jean Eraser Jean Praser Anne Seawell Nancy Lineherger Betty Souders Maiy D, Clay Ann King Va. Campbell Va. Campbell ^0 »>i/.c'^. .1mPJ3is.tsT. . j!u. ' ritc^ "^;iJon<5vi »vo IP.'. 'iy 64 President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Kappa Dtlta Pi (May 28. 1927- ) Charter Uemters: Gladys THiite D. H. Cook Melva I. LeGette James M. Godard Sara E. Clark S, E.liz. Clarke Margaret Held Mary J. Malford James Godard Sliz. Hi ley Abrams, ^•■^•i Ild.e Brock, Lucy Burt, John W. Carr, B. G. Chiids, Lethia Cross, Emma J. Davis, Frank File, B. L. Gooden, Eliz, Gray, Irene Oupton, B. L. Haywood, Eldridge Hime, Faylene Janes, A, C. Jordan. Selma Warlick Martha Chesson Bessie Copeland Eliz, Williams Donald Agnew Donald Agnew Alice Searlght Nellie Bishop Catherine lyon Mrs. Stewart K. Frantley Watson Mary W, Bussy Betty Shortledge Betty Koehnleiz Roy A. Doty Hope Thomas Wm. C. Rein Adelaide Mayhew Louise Parker A. B. S tame 8 Bessie Martin Gipsie Proctor Eunice Keen Eunice Keen Eliz. Hicks Elma Black Elma J. Black Helen Poole E. L, Haywood M. Eliz. Montgomery Reha Cousins Reha Cousins John W. Wood John W. Wood Dorothy McElduff Evelyn Carper Nellie Bishop Kathzyne Montague Jane H. Cone Dorothy L. Sawyer Roherta C. Edwards Va. Leon Delores Gam^hlie Lillian Secrest Margaret Simpson Heniy E. Link Kappa Kappa Gamma (Delta Beta) (Oct. 25, 19S0- ) Charter Members: Janie Elizabeth Carlton, Frances Lelia Currin, Mary E. Craven, Florence R. Dailey, Katberine M. Davies, Edna Kilgo Elias, Mildred M. Guthrie, Va. Lucille Hohgood, Martha Howie, Dorothy Cornell Leary, Katherine Markham, Nancy E. Hoherson, Margaret Rogers, Nellie L. Sellars, Erma E. Williams. Eliz. Craven Erma Williams Louise Sella;>8 1932 Jessie Hertz 2) Helen Chase Eve Davis Registrat- Dorothy Davis 2) Dorothy Davis Cor.-Va. Hobgood Louise Sellars C. -Betty Knight Frances Lawrence 2 )R. -Alice Woo ten Kitty Serf as R. -Margaret Edwards Kitty Serfas C. -Betty Knight 2) R. -Dorothy Hines Dorothy Gray R. -Ell en Witwer C.-Louise Varnes Jane Hitter Betty Parks 65 Tear President yice-Presldent Secretary Treaggrer y Kappa Kappa Ganma'Cont. 1933 1) Eve Davis 2) Eve Davis 1935 Dorothy Davis 1936 Nancy Peterson Ed.- Jean Kern 2)Bar"bara Jenkins 1937 Barbara Jenkins 1938 1939 1940 1929 1930 1931 1932 1936 1935 1937 Carroll Costigan Adele Lavington Jean Brown Dorothy Saville Barhara Sapp R. -Dorothy Hines Jane Hitter C, -Marie Pelgrim R.-Mary A. Motlow Jane Ritter C.-Dovothy Hines R, -Helen Witi»er Betty Parks C.Koima Marcus R.-Mary J, DeCamp Prances Merrill C.-Isobel Craven Eleanor Oak(R) Marie L. Pedaflous Louise Vames(C) C. -Claire Varnes Marie L. Pedaflous R.-Bleanor Oak Ass't-Setty J&nory R. -Eleanor Oak Betty Emery C. -Martha Crocker C. -Barbara Sapp Evelyn Van Sciver R,-Sue Eyerly C,-Katherine Harps ter R. -Marilyn Seafield Kappa Eappa Psi (1929- ) J. S. Stanley, Jr. L. ^ssell Hanson P. M. Pratt Bd,'^ J. P. Armstrong H. G. Whitehead L. Rassell Hanson J. W. Woodard J. P. Armstrong J. W. HThitehead Ed.- T. P. Lassiter DeArmond Moore C. Shelby Dale Edgar M. Hall Ed.- A. K. Mclntyre J. A. Myers Robert A. Boyd, Jr. Same Stanley P. Meyerson Thos. E. Bowman James A. Bistline Ed.- E. A. Palmgren, Jr. Robert P. Miller B. Troy Perguson, Jr. W. Sutton Ed,- Prank Gerard Joseph S, Hiatt, Jr. Same R. H. Van Voorhis Don Lanning f -jV A 0.H .^': "'•i'A 66 President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Kappa Eappa Psi-cont» Robert Van Voorhis Tom Davis Evan L. 1510115)80 n Bo"b Ladd Robert Ladd Sismner P. Jones Sam Agnillo Finley Clarke Augustus T, Allen Clarence Latimer H. A. Scott C. A, ?yrne Kappa Sisma (Eta Prime chapter) (1873- ) McCarthy Hanger G-eo.L.Morelodc Wayne E. Ambler Jack Wilkes Elmer E. Rouzer Curtis S, Jones &eo. H. Kellerman Robt. D. Little Greo. L. Morelock, Jr. Albert L.Burford Praacis J, Litle Wm, L. Huiskaznp Albert L. Burford Prancfcs J, Litle Peter E. Callahan John E. Stindholm Grant Horneffer A. Bert rand Rohrbaogh J.Braxton Craven Curtis S. Jones W. P. Lipscomb James B. Craven, Jr. Curtis S. Jones Harvey Kellannan John Morrissey Walter R. Finn Fred Auld John P. Chapman Wm. S.. Horton Wm. B. Horton Robt. P. Smith Wm. J. Dacey Keys Club (1921 and Feb. 15. 1932- Pred. P. Hague Edwin D. Rogers C, W. Flowers Ashby Sheppard ) Robt. L. Peck C.-C. Ancroffl R.-Robt. Peck Wm, Walker Ernest A. Winton 1924 1925 Lambda Chi Alpha (March 3, 1924- ) Charter Members: Hal A. Oliver, Wm. J. H. Cotton, B. R. Perry, Thomas K. Graham, Lloyd S. Elkins, Wayne Burch, Robert S. Burke, Jackson H. Bunn, Charles S. Hammond, Robert A. Burch, Jr., Alonzo C. Edwards, Ernest G. Overton, Wm. G, Sharp, Jack E. Anderson, Richard T. Hadraway, Linwood B, Hollowell, James M. Keech, John B. Midgett, Thomas B. Moore, Emerson M. Thompson, Joseph C. Whisnant Alton R. Barrett, Robert B, Billings, Macon F. Brock, Wm. R, Brown, Edward W. H. Sagertedt, Joseph P. Roche, Loy F. Thompson. B. G. Overton R. T. Hardaway Chm Rit»l-W,G,Sharpe,Jr. B. G. Overton R. T. Hardaway Chm Rit*l-W.G.Sharpe,Jr. W, R. Brown Soc.-R.A.Burch L. F. Tuttle Soc.-R.A.Burch L. B. Hollowell L.B.Hollowell L. B. Hollowell W. G. Sharpe, Jr. A. R. Barrett Chm Rit'l-L. E. Jarrett J. C. Whisnant L, F. Tattle Soc.-J. B. Anderson Geo. R. Wallace J. E. Thompson i^ . r-> ;.-i'J. 67 President Vice-President Secretary Treasarer Lambda Clii Alpha-cont. (xeo, R. Wallace J. S. Anderson Ohm Eit'l-Robt. Cranford Hi chard C. Home L. B. Christian Chm Rit'1-Ken. Lagerstedt John L, Burke Ogden C, Bruton 6hm. lit 'l-Whit worth W, Gotten Kenneth Lagerstedt James Thompson A. H. Cotton Soc. -Clarence James Albert H, Cotton John C, Burke Ogden C. Bruton Soc.-W, C. Drake Ron. C. Ruddick Leroy Smith Soc.-W. E. Johnson S.O.Goode Walter S. Johnson Marshall A. Campbell Dan H. Stewart Oliver Hicks Chm Rit'l-G, K. Massengill H, F. Eottenstein D. N. Stewart Chm Rit'l-M. Britchett Wm. Wyman Wm. H, Wyman Thomas C. Morgan Chm Rit»l-Thomas Waller Wm. Wyman Clyde P. Boyle a Bernard P. Kinter F, C. Nicholson Walton W. Smith P. C. Nicholson T. C. Morgan Jimmie Jarrett Geo. C, Burch Chas. Short David Bowen So c. -Prank Barnett Robt, H. Rush Soc.-Wm. Parker Murray Miller Clyde Boyles Melvin Stevens Chas. D.Beatty Ernest Wood Chm Rit'l-C. D. Beatty Sd. Coo ley Kermit L. Leitner Murry Miller Soc. -Larry Bagwell Chas. D. Beatty Kermit L. Leitner D^vis Hatch Herbert 6. Whiting Chm Rit'l-Oliver D. Mann Soc.-Lariy B. Bagwell Herbert G. Whiting Ed. W. Cooley Chm Rit'1-Robt. E. Kay Robts. K. Dodd Christian S, Briel Jos. G. Powell Ralph A. Taylor Soc. -Geo. P. Beneke Geo. T. Prampton E. Gilbert Mathews Alan W. Ham Paul M. Beich Robt. Greenawalt, Chm Rit'l Soc. -Helmut Bode Hubert P. Young Geo. T. Prampton B. Gil. Mathews Chm Rit'1-Rob. Greenawalt Henry Wilson Arthur Brown Art Peabody Duncan C. Gray Dexter f/. Leland Pen Wilson Jos. M. Carl Hub. P. Young Soc- Rob. Leavenworth Richard Clarke Robert Wanzer Dexter P. Leland Rob. C. Wanzer Harold S. Piatt Wm. S. Schenkemeyer ■?R t»: -•^^t.rr? , '.a a: ..%. nilli:.. ''/:'I'V nocT 1 »>ct«»^*, 18.t.[ r - . ■. • )•:- 68 President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Leagae of Nations (1919- ) Alberto Gionzales Isaivo Tanaka Hermlni Eaynes Same Lea^e of Women Voters (1926-1936) (Hew Group started in 1933) Sliz, Ramsey Hath Bennett Kate Israel Betty Halsema Selma War lick Sliz. MacPadyen Johnny Long & His Collegians (1931- ) Membentj Leader & Violinist Johnny Long Saxophones 1 McCarthy Hanger 2 Charles Hicks 3 Henry D. Miller Trumpets 1 Irving Nielsen 2 Smith 3 James Allardice Drums Harry Ingle (Succeeded T?y David Goddard Piano & Manager Maurice Miley Trombone Edwin Batner Guitar Ogden Davies Bass Shelby Dale Lather League E. Fred Bratzel Wm. Pickes Sleanora Pi Byron Conley McDowell County Club (1912-j .J J. E. Kanlpe John Erwin Mecklenburg County Club (1914- ) J. W. Carr, Jr. J. A. McGinn G. M, Ivey Leroy Dutin J. A. McGlaa W. K. Carr P. C, Sherrill, E. M. McGrady J. H. Wilson Dorothy Dotger Dorothy Dotger P. M. Marr Same L. Dutin Up E. Wilkinson ecoJ ,«i'-j. ill Li^Z'i'^z . q;..c* ■?"?W nui' V,: ..*. .T> 69 President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Men* 8 Student Governinent Association (1922-1 ) Jay L. Jackson Joiin B, Harris Wm, S. Barnes M. Bradshaw C. G. Knox W. G. Bradshaw J. D, Secrest W. B. Bradshaw Same W, F, Craven, Jr. Same TThitfleld S. Blakeney L. B. Hollowell •«. A. Biggs Same Don, E. Klrkpatrick W. A. Mabry W. S. Grant Same Chas. C. Weaver James N. Truesdajte J, T, Carruthers Same Amos N. Johnson J. G. King John M. Weher Same Joe A, Savage E. B. Weatherspoon Geo. C. Hookt Dallas Albrd 0. W. Home, Jr. Same S. M. Caldwell Same Tyrus Wagner Same Martin B. Williams Same Robert C. Wood Same Wm. D, Murray Geo. C. Hoopy Martin K. Green Marcus Hobhs Oliver W. Home C. R. Lundgren Jos. T. Shackford M. E, Newsome.Jr. Wm. M. Burke Reynolds May Councilmen: Joseph S. Shieferly, Jr. Wm. N. Klove Charles Kinkle William Thompson Boy Zack Thomas Jadk Alexander Councilmen: Clifford Perry C» Robert Mervine Wm. P. Simmons Richard M. Taliaferro J, Scott Montgomery Tom P. Southgate Richard D. Jenkinson Wm. ?. Courtney Same Councilmen: C. Manning Smith Pred Rebman Gil Mathews Garfield Miller E, Gillert Mathews J.S.Montgomery James C, Little Same Sen. Rep.: Chester Lucas Jim 7. Hose Junior Rep: Howard Mason Garfield Miller Soph. Rep.: John Shinn :j^:r:ir.-.;^ HiTili-: .0 b-i />'■ ; r 70 legr PyesldQnt Vlce-Pregldent Secretary Treasttrer Men's Student Government Association-cont, 1938 Richard Lewis Bol) Spangler Ted Broim Same Sftliior Hep: Bill Bhodes E. T. Baker Juhior Rep: John Shinn John Palmer Soph Rep: Richard Connor 1939 Thomas J. Hanlon Jack K. Palmer Eugene &. Wilson Same Senior Rep: Sam Williams Don G-arrick Junior Rep: Robert Moyer Richard Connar Soph. Rep: William Schenkemeyer 1940 Ricliard 0, Connar Robert Moyer Douglas F. Peterson Same Senior Rep: Herman Rapoport E. S. Delaney Junior Rep: Ted Tukjs Xlex McMahan Soph. Rep: Henry Crane, Jr, Methodist Studants* Union (April 12, 1936- ) James Boyd Haywood Herrell Geneva Morris V.P, for Women- Sarah Sprail Publicity- Leroy Scott Haywood Harrell Linwood Blackburn Geneva Marks Same V.P. for Women- Eleanor Coopedge Rep,- Tom McCord «.' *.. C#>, i. eu'Kc ♦ f 71 President Vice-President Secretary Tyea^gyes Ministerial Association, Undergraduate (1908- ) B, T. Hurley T. M. Grant M. M. Wright G. w. Vick N. M. Wright w. L. Scott R. 6, L. Edwards Same C. A. Cade Daniel Lane D. C. Lewis Same E. C. Durham H. B. Hill J. w. Bennett Same H. E. Myers J. W. Bennett w. R. Shelton Same w. E. Shelton J. E. B. Houser G. R. Jordan Same E. c. Pew John Cline w. G. McParland c. M. McKlnney J, B. Hurley A, J. Hohhs, Jr. Same I. L. Shaver J. H« Lanning J. E. Gilbreath Same T. P. Higglns H. K. King w. N. 7aughan Same W, N, Vaughan G. G, Adams Sanuel A. Maxwell Prank Steugh M. q. Turtle G. G. Whitehurst J. L. Hester Same Galon Whitehurst Same W, L, Clegg M, T. Hipps P. w. M. P. B. L. w, L. Joyner Clegg Lawrence Kiker L. R. P. B. V. M. L. H. Harris Stafford Kiker Kease Ernest G, Overton C. H. McGregor W. C. Maxwell R. L. Jerome Same Same Same Same H. w. R. c. Ashmore Huckabee R. L. Jerome J. R. G. G. Wilkinson Bawson A. L. R. G. Stephen Dawson R. G. Dawson Holt D. J. D. C. Holt Groce Same Same S. c. E. P. Mercer Bowles c. R. P. L. Bowles House c. L. D. A. Brown Tilley C. D. A. S. Brown Nohlitt C. c. D. M. Brown Smith L. B. A. L. Tilley Poole c. N. M. A. Smith Huffman C. J. J. H. Andrews Carper J. Walter Johnson Millard Warren Harold D. Plood Edward H, Jones Thomas Carri^er John McLain McIAirry S, Richey Walter Smith Douglas Corriher4 Haywood Harrell Walter L, Lanier Eugene Campbell Samuel J. ^awkins R. J, Starling Douglas Corriher Austin Whitmore Linwood Blackburn Rob. Stamey Chas. E. Shannon Robt. H. Stamey Linwood Blackburn Chas. Shannon Chas. E, Shannon Leroy A. Scott James Crawley Archibald Ray Walter Gattis n*'. 72 Teal President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Montgomery County Club . (1926-1927) 1926 L. D. Prutchey R. H. Andrews R. B, Bruton I. W. Wood Mordecai Law Club (1927- ) Charter Members: Judge T, D. Bryson, Prof. W, Bryan Bolich, Walter S. Locldaart, Marshall T. Spears, W. T. Towe; and J. S. Bell, E. J. Burns, L. C. Butler, A. B. Carter, L, V. ^happen, J, E. Coltrane, V. B. Derrickson, W. A. Pinch, N. T. Pletcher, G. T. Garrett, G, S. Garriss, W, I, Gatling, M. S, Guthrie, S. M. Holton, V. 0. Jones, B. M. Linney, L. R. Morris, L. E. Nail, J. A. Norris, B. T; Sanders, A. B. Shepherd, J, M. Sink, L. A* Smith, H. P. Strickland, C. N. Swann, J, C, Troy, J, W. Wallace, M, C. Wilson, P. L. Wyche, Mountain Boomer's Club (Oct. 29, 1909-1921) 19(fi9 1910 1911 1912 W. M, Marr P. L. Gaston W. P. Starners Historian- E, J. Londow Wade E. Eller R. B, Welle Historian- W, L. Scott S, W, Marr J, 0. Renfro T. T, H^ch Same C.-W. S. Eller C.-S. W. Marr J, 0. Renfro Same C,-W. A. Wilson R. L. Brown Same 1913 J. 0. Renfro 1914 J. B. Cathey 1915 P. W, Harley 1916 W. S. Eli&B 1918 W. S, Ellas 1919 W. S. Elias 1920 C. E, Buckner J. B. Cathey J. H, Coman J. W. Elliott R. H. Shelton R« L, Brown Same W. R. Shelton Same C.-C. R. Edwards J. H. Coman Same R, P. Wyche Edwin Burge Marguerite Russell Same Estelle Warlick Same Marguerite Russell Same Musical Clubs (1920- ) 1908 L. E. Blanchard Bus. Mgr,- J. N. Cole, Jr. 1909 G. M. Daniel Bus. Mgr.- C. K. ProctoS- Asst. Mgr.- R. G. Laney G. M. Daniel Same •i/j: 73 lear President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Masical Clubs-cont. 1910 TT. G. Matton J. B. Brinn J. B. Courtney Same 1924 W. Bolfe Brown Bus. Mgr.- Frank M. Wanaer 1925 S. W, Pickens Bus. Mgr.- C. W. Porter 1926 Porman G. McLarty Bus. Mgr.- James B, McLarty 1927 James N. Truesdale C. A. Klrkpatrick Boa. Mgr.- Robt. L, Hatcber 1928 Robert B. Bruton Mgr.- Henry C. Bost 1929 Vernon P. Secbrlest C. S. Hooper, Jr. Bus. Mgr.- W. C. Lassiter 1930 J. S, Neal D. C. MacLaugblin Bus. Mgr.- Francis H. Brinkl^ 1931 James Fowler Bus, Mgr.- Marcus E. Hobbs 1932 James H. Pliillips Bas. Mgr.- Montgomery Gray Russell Herbert John A. Long Bus. Mgr. -Edwin A. Say lor Roy Zack Thomas John Cole Robert E. Kay Same Bus. Mgr.- Hozelle Holman Student Dir,- Ernest Winton Joseph R. Mackie Gayle Herman Wm. B. Somerville Same Bus. Mgr.- John D, Klock Student Dir.- Donald Schmltt Music Study Club, Women's (1931- ) Charter Members: Dorothy Barger, Celestine Beamer, Constance Blackwood, Elaine Chi Ids, Mary F. Covington, Annie L, Outchen, Helen Daniel, Helen Gray, Rachel Meetze, Enniy L, Morton, Dorothy Newsom, Fannie O'Keef, Ruth Patterson, Eleanor Rogers, Va. Tillitson, Ermengarde Wegener. 74 Year President Vlce-Preeident Sedretary Tr?a?VLr^r Music Study Glut, Women 's-cont. Mary P. Covington Helen R, Grose Isabel Shriner Huby Fogel Bus, Mgr.- Ernestine Paul Hachel Meetze Eleanor Green Gonstance Blackwood Catherine Rankin Mary L. 3yrn Eleanora Patterson C. -Barbara Jenkins Lois Shields R.-Va. Miller Gretchen Elmiger Evelyn R. Klemme Ann M. Hughes Mary C, Bell Jean Ord Mary E. Krummel Ann Hauschenberg Priscilla Grey Beth Shaw Janet Gift C.*Ann Rauschenberg Jean Merkel R, -Betty McFayden B. -Betty McPayden C. -Margaret Braynard Peggy Glenn R.-Anne Hersey Marjorie Davis C, -Nancy Carver P. A. Pinch Nash County Club (1913- ) A, B. Parm*r G. B. Bissette C. S. Bunn Natural History Club (1923-1 ) Genevieve Ifyers Evelyn Millner Clara Becton Same R. A. Pew Naval Club (1918- ) R. W. Partin Same Needlework Guild (1935- ) 1935 Dora Hill 1936 Dorothy Adams 1937 Geneva Marks 1939 Peggy Barnes 75 Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Nereidian Club (1930- ) 1931 Betsy Wheeler Same 1932 Betty Boesh Bernice Rose Mary A. Dewey Juie Bailey 1933 Margie Voigt Mary A, Dewey Jean Molyneaux Dorothy Flebbe 1935 Evalyn Schaffle Anna L, Boyd Mary Millar Rebecca Atzrodt 1936 Grwendolyn Cline Joan Bliss Mary Millar Marj. White 1937 Alberta Townsend Dorotliy Creery Carrol Costigan Barbara Henry 1938 Dorotliy Creery Cornelia Goddard Laurette Ryan Doris Coish 1939 Cornelia Goddard Doris Colsh Marjorie Kmmmel Betty L, Ware 1940 Helen Drisccll He Joan Bender iw Hanover Cy Club (193.9- ) Sally Jossman Alice Schuremnn 1919 H. K. King R. E. Thigpen Lucille Merritt T. A, Morse 1920 T. A. Morse A. B. Hall Nine-0-Hineteen (1890- ) Marion Snmmerell R. H. James Charter Members: John Spencer Bassett, McCrary, Darham, Cranford, 1932 C. R. Lvjndgren 1933 Davis Williams Wm. E. Apple 1935 Henry S. Robinson Robt. H. Dick 1936 Eugene Desvernine Harold R. Collins 1937 Jesse P. Xuperman Preston Webster 1938 J. Braxton Craven Ben S. Ho rack 1939 Nevin Stetler Guy D. Beightol Sentinel- Tom Malone 1940 Rob't Atwell John Yarborotigh Sentinel- Horace Stanley Burke Smith Hal W. Atkinson Fred N. Cleaveland E. Cruikshank Clark Walter, Jr. James A. Bistline Paul Bransford Tom Senf f J. C. Rut ledge Marion Moise Barry Williams Dewey laane Guy Berner Joe W. Saylor.Jr, Nu Beta Phi (1931-1933) 1931 Grace Hacharason Mildred Pollock Scribe- Jeanette Co-Scribe- Sara Berenson Ethel Nachamson Sidenburg 76 Year . President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer 1932 Nu Beta Phi-Cont, Sara Berenson Mildred Pollock 1933 Sara Berenson Ethel Nachamson Scribe- Grace Nacharason Ethel Nachamson Co-Scribe- Jeanette Sidenharg Scribe- Milcred Pollock Rubye Fogel Co-Scribep Jeanette Sidenburg "SvL Sigma (1923-1931) 1929 Officers- Bess Copeland Nell Spivey Nu Sigma Nu (1931- ) 1935 Prank W. Backner Prajak Alter Geo. Bogardas Hob't L. Alter Officer's Club (1919- ) 1919 Walter J. Rothensies H. K. King L. K. I^Iartin W. S. Elias 1938 Omicron Chi Epsilon (Feb. 15, 1937- ) Charter members: Merrimon Cunninggim, Ked Wiley, H. Grady Hardin, J. Kern Ormond, Robert S, Tate, Robert Lengler, Prank Dennis, Denny Williams, Wade Moor. Rob't S. Tate Rob't Lengler A. E. Wiley (?) Prank Dennis iShap.- Rob't S. Tate Claude Evans Chas. Shannon H, G. Hardin Same J-ttlian A. Lindsey H. Grady Hardin Bill McCulley Denny Williams 77 Omicron Delta Kappa (1925- ) Year > .•■' Member 1926 James M. Atkins Ralph L. Biggerstaff Walter A. Biggs Whiteford S. Blakeney Sanruel D, Bundy Garay B. Caldwell, Jr. Edward Lee Cannon Wesley Frank Craven, Jr. Jajnes DeHart (Coach) John Prather Prank George P. Harris Har^ Belton Johnston Donald E. Kirkpatrick Wm. Alexander Mahry Earl Puette McPee Furman Gordon McLarty Marshall Ivey Pickens James E, Thompson Thomas B. Wagg, Jr. Pyank M. Warner Charles C, Weaver, Jr. John H, Westtrook Alhert A. Wilkinson 1927 Albert Anderson Wm. S. Anderson, Jr. Charles G. Bennett Harry Lee Bivens Robert B. Bruton John C. Burwell, Jr. Clarence Ray Carpenter Rhomes S. Eanes, Jr. Hansen Lindsay Hester Douglas L. Kelley Charles A, Kirkpatrick Wm. A. Lambeth Clifton Brooke Mcintosh Nathan C. Newbold (aliimnus) William Von Eaton Sprinkle James Nardin Truesdale Robert Gregory Tattle, Jr. Albert D. Waggoner 78 Omicron Delta Kappa-cont. Year Memlaer 1928 Sidney Sherrill Aldennan Henry Conner Bost Fred G. Brumraitt Coke Candler Joseph T. Carruthers, Jr. John Slwood Doxey Reuben Harold Ellison William Howard Ervin Arthur Parker Harris, Jr. Harry Exum Hoi lings worth Jennings G-raham King Listen Orlando Pope William Stewart Rogers Richa.rd Fred Roper Richa,rd Elton Thigpen John Melvin We^er 1929 William Carter Adams Fred William Anders Arthur Brown Bradsher Thomas Franklin Culhreth Dayton Rohert Dean Robert Melvin Gantt Carroll Gujonin John Chisman Hanes Henry Grady Hedrick Roy Alexander Hunter David Kelly Jackson, Jr. Ernest Lafayette Jenkins Vernie Okie Jcnes Henry Evans Kistler Charles Franklin Lambeth Homer Luther Lippard Charles H, Livengood Emmett Kennedy McLarty, Jr. Melvin A, Peeler William H, Rousseau, Jr. Joe Allen Savage Thomas Spruill Thornton George Andrew Warlick Everett Broadus Weatherspoon Charles Clinton Weaver Bunyan Snipes Wombl» .■; 79 Omicron Delta Kappa-cont. Year 1930 1931 1932 1933 Memter Lee Wyatt Cole Lee Ferguson Davis Paul Revere Ervin Grady Craven Frank fiotert G-. Hayes James Sidney Heizer George Clayton Hoopy Cha.rles F. Honey cut t, Jr. Edward Emory Adkins Philip McMahan Bolich George Clifford Buchheit William Patrick Farthing John Jenkins Gajnhle Samuel Paul Garner Martin K, Green Marcus E« Eobhs D. A. Arnold (Secretary) Charles Kilgo Bradsher John Hubert Brownlee Edwin M. Caldwell, Jr. (Pres, James Bridgers Clark Raymond Frank Coomhs Henry Philpot Pulmer George T, Harrell William Bozeman Hicks Edwin Clay Kellaxn Lawson Beasley Knott, Jr. Carl Raymond Lundgren Edwin Lowell Mason, Jr. Jerry Garrett Bray Charles Pa^due Bunch Fred Eugene Crawford Merriraon Ouninggim Arthur Manuel Ershler Joseph W, Getzendanner Claihorne B. Gregory (Treas.) Horace J, Hendrickson Oliver W, Home Charles H, Livengood, Jr. Joe W, Mann, Jr. John Irvin Morgan, Jr. Preston Brooks Moses William D. IvhirrSy Joseph Gaither Pratt George Howard Rogers Walter McGowan Upchurch, Jr, Ralph Lindsay Howland Edwin Bedford Jeffress William Southgate Martin James Mullen John Dickinson Shaw Edward G. Thomas William Thompson To we John De Lamar Minter (7. Pres.) William R. Odell ISicholas Orem, Jr. ) Gordon Gilbert Power (Treas.) Bruce Steele Roxhy Charles McCoy Short, Jr. William Alexander Simon, Jr, Frank Sizemore Curtis Taylor Spence James Lanius Stewart Robert McNeal Vaughan Walter Herbert Weathersppon Herbert Alphonso Williams, Jr. Edward C. Marshall James Orin Otis, Jr. (V. Pres.) Thomas Tinsley Rogers Carl Frederick Schock Philip Johnson Weaver Albert Henry Werner Glen Davis Williams Leroy Sides (Pres.) BO Omicron DeJ-ta Kappa-cont. Year Members 1934 1935 1936 1937 Williazn Apple Charles David Beatty J. Samiel Bell (Treas.) Rebert Bird William Miller Burke E. B. Danlap, Jr. McCarthy Hanger Richard Herbert Jack Heritage Richard E. Kbhler Horrasm B, Livengood Reynolds May (V. $res.) Jack Alexander James Craig Braswell Ernest Cruikshank William Logan Huiskakp Charles William Kunkle (^res.) Jimmy McCall Robert Charles Merving Eugene Hyatt Moseburg (V.Pres.) Wayne Harper Ambler (Pres.) James A, Bistline Fred N. Claaveland James M. Daniel Richard D, Jenkinson (V.Pres.) John A, Kneipp Lloyd Alfred Kraushaa* James E, Lambeth, Jr.JTreas.) Alan Mills ffeicQuarrie John Daniel McConnell Willard Phelps Barngey Fred Charles Edwards Danny R. Farrar George Thomas Frampton (V.i^,) Elmore Howard Hackney Pleasant Huber Hanes, Jr. James Crawford Little Edward Gilbert Mathews Donald McNeil John Lynn Moorhead Robert P. Nixon Joseph S, Schieferly Joseph Temple Shackford Elmer fiarrall Tyrus I. Wagner Barhard T. Welsh Barnard T. Weber Sari J. Wentz flPres.) Martin B. Williams Peter Ernest Naktenis Clifford Perry (Treas.) Philip Mosley Russell Bayard Hancock Storm Bernard Ambrose Wagner Zack Thomas Frank Sizemore Dean Manchester (Secy.) Clarence McKay Parker Edward Ernest Post, Jr. John H. Small William Pinckney Simmons Charles Manning Smith Tom Puller Southgate Richard McCullo^^ Taliaferro Herbert Jackson Upchurch William Sggleston Woodruff James Scott Montgomery (Pres.) Geroge E. Patterson ( Kenneth Arthur Podger Howard Clinton Ris Arthur Blyth Rouse, Jr. (Treas.) Thomas S. Ryon Wm, B. Somerville 81 Year 1938 Omicron Delta Kappa-con t. Hfifiber Hussell Y. Cooke, Jr. Richard W, Goode Herbert C. Hudgins Walter D. James Richard C, Keane Chester L. Lucas Howard P. Mason (Pres.) Garfield Miller Clinton W. Morgan, Jr. (Treas, Rohert J. O'Mara (V. Pres.) Rohert M. Price Philip A. Sniall Eric G. Tipton Denny D. Williams Robert C. Wood Russell Bergman James B. Craven, Jr. Roosevelt A. Der Tatevasian Kendrick S. Few Reid T, Holmes W. Hill Hudson )James McGiraesy, Jrl' Wm. L, Rhodes, Jr. Thomas P. Senff Robert H, Van Voorhis Jack K. Palmer (Pres .) James Leckie Addison P. Penfield Dewy Doane Harney P. Sloan Edgar F. Bunce R. Tim Brinn Richard G. Connar Curtis S. Jones Andrew L. Ducker, Jr. Ward D. Abbott Ed, L. Fike C. Frederick Kreiser Lawrence H. Foster Ellis ^. Baker, III Charles H. Eolley Richard P. Lewis Robert Lester Chas. W. Ramsey, Jr. Robert F. Long Wm. P. Parsons Robert F. Moore Thomas J, Hn.nlon (V, Pres.) Robert H. Moyer Dan W. Hill, Jr. Robert E. Perinovich Robert C. Rice, Jr. Tom D. Smart jF. Walter Erich (Treas.) Harold K Smith Duncan Gray Alex Winterson President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Andrew L. Ducker Charles H. Holley Dr. Manchester Harold K. Smith Orchestra, Women's (1928- ) Rachel Meetze Accompanist- Betty Bogert Mary Lalla Byrn Lois Shields Librarian- Mary Magraw Concertmaster- Betty Shuford Lois Shields Estella Beebe Estella Beebe 82 Tear President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Women ' s rche s t ra-co nt . Mildred Patterson Same 1937 Estella Bee'be Librarians: Idelia Benson tiarjorie McCreery Betty Shuford Idelia Benson Jean Merkel Josephine Brown Mildred Patterson Same Priscilla Gray Same Fred Bratzel Pan-American CluT) (1933-1935) Parthenon Cluh (1916-1924) Kate G. Umstead Mary L, Knight Ina Vivian Young Annie T. Smith Madge Nichols Evelyn C, Reade Etoile Young Mary Knight Hallie Baldwin Nellie Reade Janie C, Chandler Hallie Baldwin Evelyn Reade Madge Nichols Annie T, Smith Iviyrtle Pri chard riorine Lewter Leonora Aiken Blanche Bar ringer Margaret Harvey Allene Perrish Dixon Barrett Dixon Barrett Agnes Judd Elizabeth Craddock Agnes Judd Agnes Doub Claire ITicliols Dixon Barrett Same Penny Nichols Katherine Brown Agnes Doub Imogene Barrett Same Velina Deyton Same Pegram Chemistry Club (1920- ) (Chemist Club before 1920; about 1924-27 Absorbed Chemist Club and became Pegram. ) Wm. Sloan Talmage Peele 0. C, Burton C. Hooker Herbert Shankle Robt.T. Dicker son Wm. Sellers L, B. Par bee H. Humble J, Richardson T. A. Hathcock Rollins Evelyn Hancock Rob't Dickerson G, H, Osborne 0, E. Burton J.M.A.deBruyne C. H. Gray R. T. Dickerson Alex Smoot L. B. Parbee Estelle King G. H. Osborne Wm, Parmer H. Shankle Norman Peat field Norman Peatfield P. Palp 83 President Yice-Presldent Secretary Treasurer Pegram Chemistry Club-cont. 1931 2)Bill Miller l)H. G. Leech ^ J. Miller 2) Mary P. Smith Estelle King 1934 Philip Kirk Hermit Leitner 1935 Bill Brumbach John Atkinson 1936 John W. Atkinson Harry P. Pfann 1937 Harry P. Pfann James B. Thomas 2)01iver J. Purnell Adam Gaddis Va. Cox Ernest Wood Dorothy Seymour Fred Andrews 0. J. Purnell Burton Appleford 2)Boyd Hudson Mildred Patterson Boyd Hudson 1938 James B. Thomas 1939 Betty Conrad 1940 John French Mildred Patterson Carol Conners Paul Gross Gwyn Davis Warren Irvin Ruth Stocksdale Vernon Diheler John. French.. , tc Carl Deal Pegram House (1931- ) Kathryn IJhitmyre Louise Sellars Sylvia Hunsicker Sue Powell Paula Bassett Helen Larzalere Boc, Chm.- Nancy Peterson Prances Brooks Rosanna Brewer Eae Rogers Ellen Schrup Dorothy Gray Mary C. Forness Mary C, Forness Betty Parks Beverly Kurtzmann Bettina Bell Mary S. Dodge Doris Medley Sarah Stuhhs Pollyanne Ferguson Martha J. Phillips R. T. Hamhrick Wayne Burch Wayne Burch B.I.Satterfield Hazel Thompson R. E. Long Person County Cluh (Nov. 1919-1924 ) Wayne Burch Fred Long Same B, I, Satterfield C. A. Harris Same W. L. Bradsher B.I.Satterfield Same W, L. Bradsher Blanche Hester Same R. A. Burch R. B. Long Same Willie B. Crowder R. A. Burch Same Phi Beta Pi (1931-1932) Leslie V. Dill Jack B.McGolrick Frank R. Moore Oscar P. Moffitt, Jr. 84 Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Phi Chi (May 18, 1930- ) Charter memlDers: 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 Pres. Sen.p H. P. Harris, Jr. Presiding Sen,- Dan (rill •• Jun.- Kenneth Welks John Valentine, James Norwood, 0. Purnell Blackley, Ernest Bruce Brooks, James P. Pagan, Wm. D. Fanner, Wm. Nicholas Fortescue, Charles W. Hooker, Theodore Roosevelt Keith, Marion Timothy Plyer, Bennette S. Stephenson, Jr., Waller L. Taylor, Jr. E. Bruce Brooks Wm. Hoi torn James R. Wilson Wm. P. Kavanagh Paul G. Reque Vince Moseley James M. Perry James M. Van Hoy Gr, C. Bill Roht. P. Miller C. W. Camalier RoU. P. Miller J. S. Hiatt 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1939 Phi Delta Phi (1931- ) Sam G. Winstead Don. B. Mansfield Arthur H. Glanz J, Paul Coie T. Spniill Thornton Wm. A. Mason Wm. A. Mason Nicholas Or em Edwin 0. Kellam Hale McCown Fred C. Cady Jos. M, Whitson Porter Peteet Alvin O.B.Moore H, P. Leathers Wm. P. Womhle J, Chisman Hanes J. Paul Coie Rht. ^. Seftks Byron A. Haworth Alhert W. Kennon John M. Col ton Hale McCown Russell L. Eiller Fred C. Cady Arthur A. Brooks, Jr, T. C. Cleveland Chas. H. Giths Johnson J. Hayes, Jr, Phi Delta Theta (N. C. Alpha) (1878&1926- ) Charter revoked in June 1879; May 20, 1926 local chapter of Epsilon Alphii Sigma granted new Phi Delta Theta charter. Charter members: G. M. Bulla, Philemon Holland, Jr., E. L. White, W. N. Rohhins. (1878) Martin L. Black, Jr. (1926) 85 Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Phi Dejta Theta-cont. 1930 1931 George C. Hoopy L. P. Davis 1 1932 Liston Pope Liston Pope Rohert Ricks Geo. Ewell Geo. Ewell Kenneth Long 1933 J. A. McLean Philip J. Weaver Kenneth Long Lyne Few Philip J. Weaver Lyne Pew : ff Richard Herlaert Edgar Everhart E. B. Dunlap Dan B. Schaeffer Prank Sizemore J. E. McNairy Hoover Taft Ken. Long Elbert Wallace Prank Stith Chas, Rupp J.Alex, vielean J. Ilex, McLean J, A, McLean J. A, McLean Prank Stith Saxnael Bell Robert S. Wiggins Samuel Bell replaced by W. E. Woodruff Wm. E, Woodruff Samiel Bell Wm. Woodruff Wilson Everliart W. E. Woodruff Wm. Womble Wilson Everhart Clifford Perry- Robert 01 Boeker Bill Smoot Wm. L, Lampe Pred Edwards Stephen Van Lill Bob Doyle Herman Rumsey Robt. J. Everett Suy Berner John J. McNeilly Robt. B. Kabek Robt. E. Bunn Penrose M. Davis Wm. C. Mickleberry Robt, B. Kubek Albert G, Jacobs Wm. Lampe Converse Kelly Converse B. Kelly James P. Baker Prank Woolsey Wm. P. Womble Preston Webster Kendrick S. Pew Robt. Albright John E, Wright Alex McMahon Mac White Phi Eta Sigma (May 6, 1933- ) Launce Plemister Robert C. Wood Chas. Landreth Geo. Dorsey Richard G. Connar Wm. Smith Heniy Bopp John R. Black Ernest Wood Lee Arnold John L,. Pisher Vic. T. Boatwright Prank Dennis Robt. H. Van Voorhis Chris. Webster Prank Bone Davenport Guerry Robt. At well Robt. H. Moyer Bob Wolfe John Dajiiel Harry Treleaven Dan Mosely Phi Kappa Psi (Alpha- chapter) (llov. 10, 1934- ) Charter Members: Robert T. Dickerson, 0, B, Newton, Jr., Joseph S, Shieferly, Jr., Robert C. Wade, Chas. W. Zehider, Theo. P. H, Boepple, James B. Allardice, Homer H, Haydock, Harry Wright, Jr., ^ssell J. Forrest, Caleb Van Wyck Smith, Jr., Harry B. Carmen, Jr., Donald A. Stewatt, John S. Rose, Lawrence L. Gent, James Edward Henry, Howard R. Getz, Albro Sumner Travis, Chas. T. St. Clair, Jr., Edwin W. Smith, David G. Watson, Chas. S. Dale, Jr., Richard P. Jr., 86 President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Phi Kappa Psi-ccnt, Charter members (cont^: Bellaire, Charles H. Baker, Jr., Richard L, Beazley, Frederick R. Lauther, William A, Boepple, Howard Eastwood, Jr., Richard D. Jenkinson, Jr., (Jeorrge R. Bailey, III, Henry H. Dils, Jr., Lloyd Russell Ranson, Robert S. Rankin, C. Shelby Dale Richs.rd Beazley Henry Dils Howard Eastwood, Jr. Richkrd.D.Jenkihsoh'Rcd-, A. L, Anderson Cor.- Q-eo. P. Snyder Edwin W, Smith Norman L. Wherrett Richard L. Beaziey G-. R. 2ail6y Norman Wherrett Con Sheehan Chester L. Lucas Norman L. Wherrett Ecdg.- A.C.Wooddy Paul Bransford Assist. - David Bew Dorman Ingraham John MacLauclan Rec- Blkins Read Cor.- Fred Eastwood Dick Johantgen Rich, P. Johantgen Ira F, Jackson Ralph H, Bastien Gene C, Vidal Chas. DeLancey Tom P. Freeman James Moody ^. R, Habbersett Phi Kappa Sigma (Ku chapter) (Nov. 13, 1936© ) Sherwood Wilson Chas. Dovey, Jr. James T. Rague Robt. G. Hunter Thomas J. Murray Walton Rich Rcdg. Secy- Clark Walter, Jr. Edgar J. Oliver Corr.- W. Emory Plaster Norman W. Van Nostrand-Ed. S. Miller Corr.p Fred. P. Moore Robt. Or, Hunter Merril L. Hassel Robt. H. Van Voorhis Corr.- L. H. Nath Ed, K. Schlear James L. Halsema Rcdg. Secy- Elmer T. Gale Harold Pray Robt. Van Voorhis Douglas Tischler-c F. Walter Erich James J. He.lsana-r F.vW^lter- Erich Qy-stav F:i Fotssell Ralph Sheals Faison C. Jordan Donald C. kussell Chas. W. Hanson Henry S. Wentz Howard F. Carson, Jr, 87 President Vice-Resident Secretary Treasurer Phi Mu (G-amma Epsilon chapter) (Nov. 10, 1934- ) Chatter raemhere; (rwendolyn Clark, Claire Clarke, Ellen Pamdiji, Ruljy Flanagan, Va. Johnson, Rachael Meetze, Jean Molyneaux, Emily Wilford, Jean McCowan, Evelyn Mclntyre, Mary Kfulford, Sara Price, Marion Roe, Rachael Sink, Elizabeth Suttoh. Emily Wilford Va. Johnson Claire Clark Va. Fulton Rachel Meetze Ellen Farnum Betty Stowell Historian- Heten Smith Regist rat- Dorothy Miller Betty A. Stowell Margaret Molloy Betty Marshall Jeanne Moreton Leone Parrot t Sue -"^arrett Martha Down Betsy Morrison Norene Harper Betsy Morrison Va. Johnson Evelyn Mclntyre Rachel Sink Rachel Sinfe Doris MacKutt Mary Tice Dorothy Miller Mary Weller Carolyn Wichum Helen Armstrong Edwina Sundholm Ann Hersey Lee Bendall Phi Sigma (Mar. 4, 1926- ) Charter memhers: Dr. B, Cunningham, Dr. H. L. Blomqaist, N. P. Wilkerson, J. B. Baynes, E. W. Britt, N. B. Buffaloe, L. T. Heffner, Gecrrge Holmes, L. E, Jarre tt, S. S, Jenkins, Wm. Mattheson, L, S, Thompson, J. L, Wierda, Miss No la Jane Gentry, Miss Alice Herman, Miss Frances Holmes, Miss Maude Hunter, Miss Edith Rigshee, Miss Verdie Snyder, Miss Dorothy Wilson, Miss Voris Matheny, Leslie S. Thompso Leslie S. Thompso W.A.Ellison, Jr. '17. A. Jenkins Donsild;Pacd' L. C. Chesley L. C. Chesley Sam Tipton C. G, Bookhout J. F. Reed John £. Rankin ' J. Woodrow Wilson Chas. Wilson n Louis E, Jarrett n Wm. A. Ellison, W. A. Jenkins Sophie Dehler . Bell Zoe Carroll T.L.McCulloch D. A. Latham R. Harkeraa R. Harkema J. Woodrow Wilson Wm. R. Boggess Jos. McDermott Alice Herman Voris A. Matheny Voris A, Matheny Voris A. Matheny Leon Chesley T.L.McCulloch Sam Tipton L.E.Anderson K. C. Kates Helen Spangler Helen Spangler Sarah B, Culhreth Rose Kueffner G. W. Holmes Norman B. Buffaloe Dean W. Rumhold Harold M. Heflen Spivey H. F. Williams C. W. Hooker C.G. Bookhout Helen Butts B. B. Brandt Wilhur H. Duncan Wilhur H. Duncan Edyth Hull • • ( 88 Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Phi Sigma Delta (Chi chapter) (March 9. 1929-1935) 1935 John Hammer Seymour Van Wiemokly-Irving Dein Same 1915 1916 Phonographers' Cluh (1915-1917) J. Elmer Van Hook R, L. Fisher A, J. Hohhs, Jr. Wesley Taylor Lucile BullarcL Carrie B. Craig Lucille Ballard R. L. Pisher Physics Club (1890- ) Jesse James Prof. C. W. Edwards C. W. Edwards James H, Coman W. A. Ellison.Jr. Speigh6 Barnes Paul C. Gurley J. N. Grant Eliz. Churchill Bedford Love, Jr. M. A. Smith J. E. Smith Same P. S. Scarhoro Same Nancy Kirkman Same Alton B. Gihson Sajne D, R. Noland Same Pi Beta Phi (N. C. Beta) (Feb. 17, 1933- ) (Mu Lambda- 1928-1930) Charter members: (Mu Lambda-1928) Rada Poston, Pearl Anderson, Pauline Tilley, Ola Simpson, Clyde Allison, Ruth Martin, Pitsy McKay, and Laura Seeley, (l!bi Lambda) Clyde Allison Clyde Allison Betty Young (Pi Beta Phi) Courtney Crowder Denzil Langston Margaret Humbert Helen Larzalere Laura Seeley Ruth For lines Mary Reed Priscilla Smith Ruth Rea Lauifta Seeley Patsy Mckay Laura Seeley Patsy McKay Kathleen Holloway Denzil Langston Elvira Burleigh'. Red-r Prances Wise Srarlu Strickland Ruth Michler Evelyn Newton Rcdg- Anna Boyd Helen Smith Corr- Jane East Ruth Michler Rath Hermann Win, Greenwood Beverly Kurtzmann Beverly Kurtzmann Helen P. Smith Martha Williams Kate Schmidt Cor- Jane Killey 89 Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer 1938 Doris Medley 1939 Carol Wagner 1940 Kay Lynclx Pi Beta Phi-cont, Dorothy Henry Rec. -Dorothy Stone Eliz, Ailen Cor, -Kay Lunch Berthan Southwick Rec.p 1'te.rtha Wall Predrica Gardiner Corr.- Sarah Andrews Freddie Gardiner Rec.- Lee Johnston Ginny Connar Cor.- Martha Wall Pi Epsilon Pi (Nov. 12, 1926- ) Charter Memhers: George Ashford, Lawrence Beall, Wilhur Putterell, William Hamlin, Harold Hayes, A. JJ Hughes, Alton Price, Owen Sutton, Sam Wrenn, Larry L. Gent John S. Ross Rcdg Secy- Howard Getz Albert Anderson Corr Secy- Geo. Snyder Norman W, Van Nostrand, E, S.L.Miller, Corr Secy- Pred. P. Moore Rohert G. Hunter Pi Kappa Alpha (1901- ) Charter members: Edward 0. Smithdeal, Eli W. Cranford, John Dallas Langston, Charles D. Egerton. Roht, Matthews Henry L. Harris Robt. F. Hall Russell Cooke, Jr. Troy Ferguson, Jr. James McGimsdy Geo, Rgy Clyde M. Clapp Wilfred Thornton Henry Harris Wilfred H. Thornton Eugene Bailey Brooks L'cEl wrath Warner Hutchinson Geo, Ray Brooks J.lcElwrath Joseph Scott Ollie Troux ReC.- Curtis Kingsberry Murray Ly brook Cor.- William Ade Eugene G, Wilson John D, Browning Robt. H, Lineberger Ed. J. DoAaell . James I. Morningstar Wm. H. Bane Chas. J. Patterson Frank Taylor 90 President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Pi (xanima Ma (Jan. 12, 1933) Dr. Kenneth Clark Dr. J, S. Bradway Dr. E. T. Thompson Same Pi Kappa Phi (Ma chapter) (May 6. 1915- ) Charter memhersi Carl Prank Banting, Arthur Rassel Council, Emmet Fitzgerald Gill, Dewey Cecil Kickman, Earl Long, Leon Outhhert Richardson, Bernice Owen Rigshee, James Balph Rone, Prank ffet thews Lawner, Thomas Jo whoa Swain, Joe Timherlake John Watson Joseph Pell, Jr. Historian- J. B. Pord Lake Williams Brace Wyman Chaplain- Guy Elder John H. Purlong Les Williams Roy W. •^'orrester Historian- Chs.rles H. Taylor A, Headen Bynum, Jr. T. C. Cleveland Jerry Marion Wm. H. Palmer Nelson R. Jantzen Chas. W. Shaff.III Nelson Jantzen Ed Smith Jack Shackleton Jack Watson John A. Beck E. S. DeLaney Charles Taylor E, S. Delaney Pi Ma Epsilon (N. C, Alpha) (Aug. 23, 1938- ) Charter members: W. W, Elliott, W. W. Rankin, Julia Dale, A. 0. Hickaon, E. R, C. Miles, J. M. Thomas, K. B, Patterson, P. S. Aldrfeflge, E, P. Canaday, J. G. Carroll, K. T. Raynor, E. R. Elliott, B. A. Williams, D, M. Arnold, P. G. Dressel, Joseph A. Greenwood, Dorothy Crook, Alice Batten, Henry A. Wynn, Mahel Griffin, Ruth Stokes, 0. B. Ader, Henry ^*. Monyer, G. W. McDowell, J. Gran McAllister, M. W. Hock, Blizaheth Clarke, Charles E. Stuart, Merle Higgins, A, H. Werner, William Karpinsky, Kenneth Kni^t, J. R. Kornegay, Mary Kapp. Gertrude Fletcher Albert H. Werner Librarian- Eleanor Matfdaam Pac. JLdv.- Dr. John H. Roberts Kenneth T. Knight Henry Wynn 91 President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Pi Mai Epsilon-cont, J. V. Bernardo Eugene Srabbe Edwin Schaeffer Charles R. Vail Harold L. Flowers Willis S. Beckel Ann Livermore Thomas Reynolds Blaine R. Harkness John Lennox Elma Black E. Roht. Scattergood Colton Somers Lee Arnold Fred. C. Xrieser T. John Byrum Robt, Murdick Roht. l^^rdick Mary J. Stallcup Patria Gihson Soht. C. Rand Marion Willman Marian Willman Eleanor Markham Walter Howland R. W. Cummings. Fred. Jackson Walter Pons Anne Livemiore Brace "Tut an Bruce L, Tatan Pitt County Club (Nov. 1919-1926) S. T, Carson.Jr. L, W. Smith Doris Overton W, J. Bandy Elisha J. Worsley Annie Higgs L, F. Mumford J. E. Coltrane S. D. Bandy W. L. Brown S, D. Bundy S. F. Barrow Same Same G. W. Roehack Same Poetry Club Sidney Stavall Bettilu Porterfield Polity Club (1928-1935) 1937- 1931 George Vick 1932 Robert Vaughan 1933 James A. Mustard 1934 Kathryn Kiker 1935 John Webb 1937 Francis 0. Braymard 1938 Francis Oi Braynard 1939 Joe Talley, Jr. Geo. Cole, Jr. 1940 Andrew Backer Harvey Link Josephine Glass Jackson Viol Audrey Speicher Va. Dillon Hazel Emery Sara L, Palls Doris K. Hartman Doris X, Hartman Clatibel Gee Josephine Bailey M. Eugene Hewsom Jack Heritage Hugh Page, Jr. Same Same Floyd Souders Frank Taylor 1937 1938 1939 1940 Silliam Kesbitt Clinton Morgan Pre-Medical Society (March 1937- ) Paul Brans ford John Glasson Bill Eagle Wm. H. Davis, Jr., Stan Rogers Clinton Morgan John GlasBon Rec.-K. Thompson James McGirasey Cor.-Maxine Perdue Priscilla Gray Robt. Atwell 1 9^ Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Chatter members: I 1935 1936 1937 1938 Huth Phillips Paula Bassett Bess Laing Jane Love Frances Brooks Presidents' Club (1935-1938) Reorganized April 4 Margaret White, Bess Laing, Ruth Phillips, t/iartha Bailey, Jane Haislip, Paula Bassett, Katherine White, Clary Peoples, Dallas Knight, Louise Warren, Mary Elizabeth Henderson, Sara Louise Falls, Helen Larzelere, Virginia Winfree, Emmy Lou Morton, Jane Lins, Betty Halseraa, Ellen Famum, Sue Hardy, Gladys ^ouder, Dorothy Davis, Annie Laurie Newsom, Alma Hull, Margaret Ounninggin, June Langfitt, Inez Abernatny, Gwen 3line, Margery ViThite, Isobel Shriner, Ida Sha* Applewhite, Mary Alice Rhodes, Audrey Spiecher, Nancy Hudson, Helen Cleaver, Rachel Meetze, Josephine Eaby, Lucille Butler, Prances Lewis, Ida S, Applewhite Emmie L. Morton Prances Brooks Ruth Mickler Gretchen Elmiger Countess Tabor 1905 W. N. Hoffman 1910 L. I. Jaffe 1912 H. A, Dennis Press Association (1904-1910) C. T. Hancock R. D. Korner D, B. Brown T. M. Stokes Same J, A. Rand Same R. B, Murray Charter members: Psl Delta Sigma Pounded: 1927 Succeeded by Sigma Alpha Epsilon: Feb. 20, 1931. Samuel F. Nicks, Jr., H. Marvin Sherard, Nelson Ireland, Jrl, Jordan James Sullivan, Haywood E. Lynch, Charles G. Biggs, Donald R. Lumpkin, Carl H. Lutz, Wade H. Myers, R. W. Lamm, C. Brian Aycock. r 1912 Quill Cljib (1912-1918) Henry A. Dennis Frank 3. Brown Robert B. lAirray 93 President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Red Friars (1913- ) Charter members: Don R. Kirkman, Henry L. Wilson, Leonard B. Hurley, Guiho Suiter, Reid Ray, Colton Godfrey, George G. Johnson, Member G. W. H. Britt W. L. Perrell, Jr. J. J, Hamhrick J. W. Lambeth C. P. Matton W. R. Shelton A. W. Wilson J. S. Anderson J, H. Burrus J. 0. Durham W. H. Powell J. H. Ruff J. R. Smith T. R, Summers J. B. LflcCullen C. C, Alexander S. P. C. Graft R. W. Bradshaw A. L. Carver R. T. Hambrick G. B. Powell M. A, Braswell K. M. Brim J. E. Gilbreath J. P, Thomas J. H. Harrison G. M. Ivey M. B. Loftin 1923 1924 W. L. Chandler H. P. Cole C. C. Cornwall L. M. Draper J. M. Barrett T. B. Crawford, Jr. Herbert J. Herring R. C. Leach B. B. Harrison T. G. Heal J. L. Jackson H. C. Sprinkle, Jr. G. V. Allen J. B. Harris J, D. Secrest James R. Simpson W. S. Barnes W. R. Brown J, E. Dempster J, J. Parriss J. D, Lewis C. H. Moser R. S. White T. A. Banks Fred Polger J. D. Johnson, Jr. W. T. Huck8.be e W. H. Lander J. G. Pennington R, W. Spencer L, E. Spikes A. W. Stamey W. A. Kale M. I. Pickens P. M. Warner Red Friars-cont. Year Member 94 1925 W. S. Blakeney, Jr. G. B. Caldwell, Jr. E. L. Cannon George P. Harris 1926 James E. Tliompson Furman G. McLarty W. A. Biggs J. M. Atkins 1927 C. G. Bennett H. L. Bivens C. Ray Carpenter James N, Truesdale H, B, Johnson C. W. Porter J. H. Wesfbrook, Jr. D. E. Kirfcpatrick T. S. Shinn T. E. Wagg R, G. Tattle C. C. Weaver H. L. Hester Joe Carrathers Listen Pope Coke Candler Amos Johnson John Weber Fred Brummitt Harold Ellison Dayton R. Dean Chisman ganes William Werber Henry Kistler Everett Weatherspoon Fred Anders Joe Savage W, M. Upchurch, Jr. W, D, Murray Charles P. Honey cut t, Jr, G, H, Rogers J, I, Morgan, Jr, J. S. Heizer C. H, Livengood, Jr, James Mullen Philip Bolich Martin Green John Shaw Pierce Brewer Edward Thomas William P. Farthing Raymond Lundgren John Minter Lowell Mason John Brownlee Edwin Caldwell, Jr. Gordon Power James Stewart Joe Shackford Gordon Townley Carl S chock Jeriy Bray i'lorman B. Livengood Bayard Storm John Moorhead Elmer Tarrall Eugene Newsom Leroy Sides Horace Hendrickson Sam Bell Don McNeil E. B. Dunlap, Jr, Red Friars-cont. Member 95 1935 Roy Zack Thomas Charles Kunkle Frank J. Sizemore m Hyatt Mosshurg 1936 Fred N. Cleaveland John A, Kneipp Clarence Parker I William P. Simmons Jimmy McCall Jim Johnston William Huiskamp Tom P. SoTjthgate Richard M. Taliaferro Herhert J. Upchurch 1938 Gar Miller Rohert O'Mara Richard Go ode Howard Mason Denny Williams Eric Tipton Dick Lewis 1939 Addison Penfield Tom Hanlon Dancan Gray Allen Johnson Jack Palmer Boh Rice Tim Br inn 198G Richard Connar 3dward Pike Andrew Dacker Rohert Lester 1941 Alex McMahon Paul Barrinfeer Louis Casvels William Smith 1937 William Courtney Woodrow Lipscomh E, Gilhert Mathews J. Scott Montgomery Alex Winterson Rohert Moyer Jack Orr Rohert Sanderson Hohert Barnett Larry Blanchard Arthur B. Rouse Thomas S. Ryon T. Preston Wehster Religious Drama Guild (1933- ) 1933 J. Phillips 1940 W. L. Freeman Sidney Boone Bus. Mgr.- Brooks Patten T. D. Everett Same 96 Tear President Vice-Pre s i den t Secretary Treasurer Riding Club (1923- ) 1937 1938 Ann Dives Ann Dives Rath Manville Laurette Eyon Pat Patrick 1939 Rifle and Pistol Club (1939- ) Phil Mitchell Edward Walter Robert E, Mitchell Herbert Carr Robeson County Club (1911-1921) 1911 H. A. McKinnon T. P. Pace M. L. Stuart Same 1912 T. P. Pace , W. M. Edens J. J. Pine Same 1913 F. P. hompson J. J. Pine L. D. Edens Same 1920 w. C. Merritt c. s. Hammon Mary L. Norment Same Rutherford College Club (1911-1927) 1911 W. F. S tames B. L. Secrest J. W. Bennett Same 1912 W. F. Starnes H. E. Myers P. McL. Sherrill Same 1913 H. E. Myers B, L. Smith I. T. Poole Same Club R.-. 1914 B, L. Smith Club Rep.- W. L. H. McNeely F. Hendley G. N. Earnhartt Same 1915 B. L. Smith Creor>;c: -:?.rnl-:artt George Earnhartt Same 1915 P. M. Phillips, Jr. John Cline L. H. McUeely I. L. Shaver 1918 Claude Moser L. H. McNeely H. B. Higgins R. J. Tysor 1922 M, G. Earvin W. E. Hauss W. R. Kelly Seme 1928 R. B. Martin R. M. Stafford Mary Sherriil H. M. Wellman 1925 S. E. Wright M, A, Lewis 1926 D. D. Holt J. W, Varner Sampson County Club (1925-1927) W, Alexander Same 1925 J, D. Johnson Garland Vann Wixie Parker 1926 James Hunter v^ ..fc Hazel Johnson Same 97 Year President Yice-President Sandals (May 1932- ) Secretary Treasurer 1932 Mary N. White 1933 Helen Gray Jean Burd Same 1934 Edith Snook Alma Lloyd Hanson Same 1935 Helen Cleaver Margaret Price Same 1936 Clarinda Jackson Marie Pedeflous Jean Wallace Same 1937 Rosanna Brewer 1938 Mildred Kiorehead Eliz, Gregory Xathryn Bender Same 1939 Beth Shaw Ann O'P^urk Rosemary Stood Mary Co Iyer 1940 Anne Moore Helen Brinson Molly Webster Va. Eoodhody Sandfiddlers' Cluh (1913-1926) 1913 J, H, Duncan 0. R. Bagley Cora Wescott T. J. Swain 1914 J. E. Davenpor* T. J. Swain Cora Wescott B. W. Evans 1915 B. B. Jones H. G. Swan J. P. Lewder C. P. Bunting 1918 E. F. Donstan Lucille Merritt G. W. IMrphy 1919 J. D. Lewis Tina Pussell W. P. ^hx3rphy,Jr. 1920 W. J. Eundy Tina Pussell T. A, Morse R. E. Thigpen 1921 Carl G. ICnox S. L. Lane Madge Cavenaiagh Marvin L. Wilson 1922 L, B, Wynne H. M. Williams W. J. Bullock Same 1923 W. J. Ballock J. E. Midgett Mclva Jennet t L. q,, liumford 1924 J. E. Midgett L. Q. M\ixnford Eliza Foscue S, D. Eundgri- 1925 A. H. Young S. D. Bundy Same School of Religion Association (1928- ) 1936 M. C. Wilkerson H, E. Lewis 1937 Ployd Patterson Percy White 1938 Julian Lindsey 1939 Key W. Taylor J. Claude Evans 1940 Dana Dawson, Jr. Roht, H. Stamey J. H. Past Ewart Watts E. S. Gruner Carlyle Miller Donald M. MacKay Wade R. Bustle Roht. A. Vaughan Dona.ld M. Ua.c'ksij Science Cluh • (Sept. 1898-1920) • 1905 Julian Blanchard 1906 C. E. Markham J. P. McGhee 1907 Rohert S. Brown W. A. Stanhury Same 1908 W. B. Kiker W. M, Marr Same 1909 W. M. Marr P. J. Johnson Same 1910 P. J. Johnson M. A. Smith, Jr. Same 1911 W. M. Marr M. A. Smith, Jr. Same 1912 H. P. Taylor T. P. Pace Same 98 Tear President Vice-President Secretary - Treasurer Science Clu"b-ccnt, 1913 W. H. Hall 1914 8. C. Bellinger 1915 J. H. Coman 1916 E. N. Wilson 1917 Prof. R. N. Wilson 1918 Dr. C. W. Peppier 1919 Dr. A. M. Gates S, S. Jenkins Same J, W. Harbinson Same G. W. Ear ley Same P. H, Yarbo rough Same James H, Coman Same R. W. Bradshaw C. C. Alexander Eugene Chesson A. S. Barnes, Jr. r Scientific Club (Oct. 29, 1889- ) Charter members: Prof. J. M. Bandy, R. L. Davis, R. A. Myric, G. F. Ivey, J. H.. Lamb, C. T. Harris, W. P. Black, J. S. Schoonover. 1889 J. M. Bandy R. L. Davis R. A. Myric G. P. Ivey Scrub Faculty (1921-1922) 1920 , James G. Leyburn Dean-W.A.Ellison A. Rosenstein Same Sigma Alpha Epsilon (N. C, Nu) (Feb. 20, 1931- ) Charter members: -(Psi Delta Sigma) Samuel Freeman Nicks, Jr.; H. Marvin Sherard; Nelson Ireland, Jr.; Jordan James Sullivan; Haywood E, Lynch; Charles Grayson Biggs; Donald R. L^impkin; Earl H. Lutz; Wade H. Myers; H. W. Lamm; and C. Brian Ay cock. -(N. C. Nu) W, K. Andrews; G. M. Eetz; 0. C. Blaclanon, Jr.; C. W. Cambell; Rawlins Coffman; C. C. Crouch; R. E. Daniels; A. G. Day; W. A. Day; C. C, Derrick; I. H. Elmore; A. 0. 3amble; J. J. Gamble; S, p. Garner; W. R. Gordon; J. L. Judd; G. A. Kuttinen; R, W. Lamm; A. R. Lewis; E. W. Lipe; J. F. Long, III; J. J. Mathews; J. E. Miller; W. J. McAnally, Jr.; A. B. Narbeth; S. F.Nicks, Jr.; H. M. Sherard, Jr.; R. 0. Starnes; J. P. Taylor; Thomas Thomas, Jr.; J. L. Tucker; R. B. Walker; M. W. Warren; ^» J. Watts, Jr.; and J. J. Zimmerman, » 99 President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Sigma Alpha Epsilon-cont, 1932 1933 1936 John J. Gramhle Wm. R, Gordon John J. Bam'ble Wm, R. Gordon John P» Long Geo. M, Betz John B. Cox Hoht. P. Dancan Chas. C. Derrick Samuel S. DuPuy Fred Lloyd Ellison Ruhy Wm. Klove Raymond Laird J. Roland Goode Jack Alexander Fred K, Cleaveland John L. Fisher Geo, E, Patterson R, L. Baldidn Hoht. B. Walker Conrad Crouch Robert B. Walker Lewis C. Branscomh Hoyden E, Daniels Jon L. Long Richard B, Haskell Royden B. Daniels Geo. M, Betz Richard B. Haskell Elbert J, Myers Richard B. Haskell Wm. A. Pankey Elbert J. Myers 1937 John Pl-umb Ray Sparks 1938 John T. Caskey Arch H. Dawson 1940 Geo. F. Bigham John P. Collins Sanniel S. DuPuy Jackson U, Viol Wm. N. Klone J. M. Viol Rcdg-Geo. Ward James Dearborn Corr-R.W.Px)berts Rcdg-J. L. Fisher John Hennemier J. A. Dearborn John Hennemier Corr-R. W.Roberts R.W.Robirts Rcdg-Robt, L. Nicks John J. Pltunb A. R. Long John J, Plxunb Corr-C. F. Turner C. F. Turner Rcdg-'Cbas. DeVoe Daniel Farrar Corr-Don. White Thos. J, Hanlon Fred Strickland Corr-Lee Schaedt John A, Yarbo rough Carl D. Newton Sigma Alpha Omega (1928- ) Succeeded hy Phi Kappa Sigma Charter members; Wm. B. Culbreth, Harry W. Dc-vis, Ralph W. Fonville, Wm, H. Harrison, Jr., Wm. C; House, Linville E. Midgette, J. B. Oliver, Lester A. Smith, Fred J. Welch, Sigma Chi (Beta Lambda chapter) (1912- ) Grew from Mu Kappa Klan, Charter members: Ed. C. McClees, Claude Bennett, Thomas P. Pace, Harvey W;: Turnage, Wm. W, Hutton, Oscar B. Dardon, Paul H. North, Hubert M. Radcliff, Don R. Kirtanan; Marvin C. Terrell, Daniel W. Maddox, James Cannon, 100 Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Sigma Chi-contl Charter memliers (cont): John Thos. Moon, Jr., John M, Thompson, Fred W. Terrell, Robert L. Towe, Jtmnius H, Rose, Alexander M. Benner, Walter G. Sheppard, Ben H. Houston,, Jr. 1934 Rohert Keown Wra. Pace 1935 Chas. Kunkle Pred. R. Keater 1936 Roht. C. Gillander John C. Ardolino 1937 Leon Q^iick Roht, Stevens 1938 Roht. J. O'Mara Roht. Lamh 1939 James S, Bowman Roht, P. Jones 1940 Wm. W, Pergusson Barney L. Jdaes Qunther Ihbeken H, Grady Hardin Chas. D. Wenrich Tom Bowman Robt. Lohman James T. Allison Ross Cameron C. Edrnund Wunder Chas. C. Stauffer Howard Ris James Lecki6 Jack Thomas M. Clark Silverthorpe R. T. Stephens Sigma Delta Pi (1936- ) Charter members: Christine Harris, lAargaret Waldrep, fergaret Taylor, Margaret Ellis, Clark Walter, Paul Paredes. 1935 Christine Harris 1936 Paul Paredes 1937 Bill J. Williams 1938 Bill J. Williams 1939 Doris Eartman Paul Paredes Roger Wall Wilsie Bussell Wilsie Bissell Gustav Porssell Margaret Ellis5 Same Lupe de Osma Johnson Marg. Ellis Lupe de Osma Johnson Vivian Rieger Vivian Rieger Same Maude Kelley Same 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 Sigma Kappa (Alpha Pai chapter) (Jan. 4, 1931- ) Cha.rter members: Sarah Ownbey, Frances Rowe, Flora Crews Best, Angela Whitney, Ida Pearl Eatman, 1930 Sara Ownbey Sara Ownbey Rebecca Royal Rebecca Royal Eliz. Thompson Evelyn Adams Evelyn Adams Eliz. Owens Mildred Gehman Dallas Knight Eliz. Davidson Flora C. Best Becg- Prances Rowe Flora C. Best Alma. Darby Cor-Mary F. Smith Rcd^-Eleanor Markham Eliz, Owens Corr-Va. Winfree Rcdg-E. Markham Dorothy Wikoff Corr-Va. Winfree Va. Winfree Florence Heinley Josephine Ea^ Charlotte ivlarkhara Rcdg-Helen Holly Mary Bender Corr-E. Huntington E. Huntington Charlotte Markham Rcdg-Helen Holly Maiy Bender Corr-Va. Patrick 101 Tear President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer 1937 Sigma Kappa-cont, Va. Peitrick Mary Bender 1938 Betty Koehnlian Eileen Schiffer 1939 Maggie Jones Eileen Schiffer 1940 Helen Rorabaxigh Joan Bender Rec-Euth Simmons Betty Koehnlein Cor-Martha Pace Borr-E, Rescorla Maggie Jones Rdg-Ruth Simmons Asst.-B, Mowry Rec-Bar'bara Mai Her Betty Mowry Cor-Joy Cann Rec-Jean Snyder Page Thacker Cor-Lelia Lawrence Sigma Nu (G-amma chapter) (Uov. 21, 1931- ) Chatter members: Claire T. Crenshaw, Donald P. Marion, Henry P. Richards, William F. Reed, Richard A. Broherg, William S, Martin, John C. Long, Jr., Philip L. Franklin, Donald W, Miller, Ames W. Williams. 1931 Claire T. Crenshaw 1934 Stuart BgVille Geo. Speicher 1935 John Moss 1936 Wm. P. Simmons 1937 D. Davidson Hill 1938 Jack Goehrig 1939 Robt. L. Park 1940 Geo, H. Carswell J, M. Hatch, Jr. James M. Slay Forrest A, Irwin Duncan MacLeod Ivhirray H. Owen Gordon C, MacLeod Horace Tabb Robt. G-. Howard Baron H. Cornett Wm. T. Foulke Harvey Sloan Chas, Anderson P. B. Huling.Jr. Berkley Schaub Jack A. Goehrig Ronald Slay Lawrence E. Ivlanry Bertram Hart James Beebe Raymond J. French 1928 Sigma Nu Phi (Richmond Pearson Chapter) (April 4. 1923-1930) Officers: W. m. Branson Linwood B, Ho Howell J. C. Whisnant Sigma Phi Epsilon (K. C. G^amma) (1909- ) Charter members: E. C. Ashby, A, A. McLean, J, D. Cooper, H. W. Tuttle, R. Currin, H, G. Harris, P. S. Ashby. 1934 John H. Stillman G. Macfarlane 1935 John Hulme, Jr. Wm. Sager Wm. -A-. Sager Fred. Clark L. 0. Funkhouser Fred C. Wiright,Jr. 102 Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Sigma Phi Epsilon-cont, 1936 R. Kennedy Harris Frederick Clark 1937 J. Otto Ponkiiouser Bill Marshall 1938 Richard Goode Peter Coppedlge 1939 Daniel Sanford Robert C. Ace 1940 Robt. L. McClotid RoU. L. Nelson L. Ott Punidiouser Haddon H. Smith Robt. Black Thos. Sager Wm. S. N. Hulrae Chris, Webster Lawrence H. Poster J. S. Hollyday Shirley Johnson Robert E. Pike Charter members: Sigma Pi Sigma (1925- ) Dr, C. W. Edwards, Dr. C. C. latley, Robert E. Burroiaghs, Herbert Moss, Ralph L, Biggerstaff, Dr. D. W. Carpenter, Turner A. Cathey, Hubert B, Harward, Augustus Ray Hargrove, George Brooks Johnson, Donald E. Kirkpatrick, Richmond H. Boss, Thomas Sadler Shinn, 1931 1932 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 Marcus Hobbs Jeanne Manget Richard Smith N. H. Smith John V. Atkinson Harold K. Terry Horace Russell Wm. J. Caroon Hugh E. Whitted J. A. Richards Delmar Seevers Eliz. Ellerson Robt. S. Doyle David Carpenter David Carpenter Kelvin Ray Carey Bowen Mary J. Stallcup James B. Thomas Roger J. Sherron Pred Elridge Same Same Same Same Samie. MorriwDn Brown Same Harlan Lenander Prances tbntgomery Same 1938 Harold Ellison 1939 Wm. Wingate Sigma Tau Delta (1928-1931) James McCain Arthur Bridgers Harold Hayes Annie L, Caldwell Dorothy Jeannette Mrs. Jack Downing Sigma Upsilon (1907-1 ) Fortnightly Club and merged into national group 1908 Dr. Edwin Mims 1909 W. H. Wannamaker 1910 H. E. Spence 1911 A. M. Webb 1912 Prank C. Brown 1917 Frank C. Brown 1923 Paull F. Baum 1924 Julian P. Boyd W. B, West Louis II Jaffe A. L. McCobb H. E. Spence W, H, Wannamaker Newman I. White W. Rolfe Brown C. w. s. L, M. R. E. S. Bivens Marr Bell Eller Alderman Henry W. Kendall James D. Secrest A. M. Proctor W. G. Matton P. W. Best N. I. White Ralph L. Fisher Hal A. Oliver Furman A. Bridgers P. H. Shinn 103 Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Sigma Upsilon-cont. 1928 John Paul Lucas ik, J , :.^,:.i.ll 1929 Arthur D. Bridgers 1932 Vince Moseley James L. Stewart 1933 Leslie A. Squires Richard A. Smith 1935 Earle I. Runner Wm. Owens M. J. Cahill Chisman Hanes J. B. Clark Lyne S. Pew Walter Welntz Arthur Bridge rs Gerald M. Crona Hoht. Vaughan James Newsom Same 1938 1939 Sigma Xi (1933- ) Dr. Paul J. Krraaer W. J. Seeley Dr. Goering W. j, Seeley Cazlyn &. Bookout Bert Cunningham Dr. Martin Bert Cunningham Social Standards Committee 1933 Janet Rettew 1939 Janet Rettew 1940 Louise Van Hagan Prances Kenner Carol Wagner Jean Upstick Societe Prancaise 1911 Mary Newman Laura Scott . Critique- Polly Eeitman 1912 Laura Tillett 1919 M. 7. Lavallei 1920 R. T. Dunstan Annabel Lambeth Laura Tillett Irene Ahemethy Gr. S. Mumford R. L. Johnson Blanche Barringer G, S. Mumford R. T. Dunstan Hermina Haynes Sophomore Commieslon, YWCA (1935- ) 1935 Marjorie Winston Ginevieve Baggs 1936 Caroline Breedlove Helen Saleehy 1937 Barbara Henry Anne Rauschenburg 1938 Thea Conger Kathryn Sidman 1939 Gladys Williams Josephine Brown 1940 Karleen Cooper Jane Hicks Jane East Sally Robertson Suzanne Dalton Josephine Bailey Marilyn Upp Sheena Webster Roberta Townsend Same Same Same Same Same Sophomore Council, YMCA (1933- ) 1933 Wm. Brumbach 1934 Douglas Corriher 1935 Wm. H. Pi ekes 1936 Denny Williams Malcolm Wright Paul P. Ketchum Prank Dennis Hervy Moore Pred Cady Geo. Snyder Corr-Robt. Kay Thomas Bowman Arthur Pawling Same Same ^ ' r,P 104 Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Sophomore Council, YMCA-cont. 1937 Guy Berner 1938 Dave Prillaman 1939 Hichard Conlon Prank McNuliy 1940 Kemp Jones Frank McNulty Robt. Sanderson Same Wm. E. Huntington Donald Semester Same 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 Sorority Pan-Hellenic Council (1913- ) Pannie Kilgo Catherine Sheffield Thomas Pannie E. Yann Lucile E. Baldwin Mary W. Cranford Gladys V. Price Doris Overton Thelma Howell Helen Loraine Cantrell Eliz. Aldrtdge Hunter Hollo way Plora Meredith Violetta M. Davis Erma Pitts Eliz. Eoberts Anne Garrard Dorcas Turner Anne Rat ledge Mrs. Evelyn H. Turner Eliz. Roberts Sadie Chri stenhuxy Same Lillian C. Zachary Sarah K. Ormand Alice R. Cross Nancy Crews Edith G. Parker Marie Tyler Rebecca Kirkpatrick Margaret Draughon Eliz. King Pauline Weber Alma Wyche Peggy Lavinder Prances Hill Cornelia Tarb rough Mary Purdy Hetty English Mary Bradsher Mary Brown Edith Home Leach- Eliz. R. York Helen L. Wyatt Sigrid Pederson June Langfitt Camilla Ritchie Merle Kirkwood Jane Kelly Evelyn Paradies Jean MacNutt ■Alice Huckabee Louisa Hooker Va, Sarver Eve Davis Edna Rogan Ruth Hermann Gertrude Fleet Helen Armstrong Jenn Omar Mary Langs ton Dorothy Eaton Annie K. Rebman Eliz. Owens Helen Larzalere Prances Josephs Betty Marshall Doris Hartman Lillian Hay ward Eliz. Rouse Louise Sellars Ruth Jones Carolina Riefle Claire B. Clark Va. Pulton Jane Winters Nancy Brown Carol Conners 1913 B. P. Pew, Jr. 1914 P. M. Hamer South Carolina Club (Nov., 1913-1927) A. S. Calvert J, W. Sunmner W. C. Bethea C. D. Gray Same L. M. Hall .r t'lr 105 Year President Vice-President SegretfiTy Treasurer South Carolina Club-cont. 1915 B. P. Pew, Jr. T. R. Surnmers G. W. Harley Same 1916 T. R. Surnmers E. C. Pew R. C. Wiggins Same 1918 F. M. Wannaroaker E. T. Newton Same 1919 A. L. Sheider E. T. Newton Martha Wiggins Same 1920 w. L. Chandler Martha Wiggins C. A. Robinson Same 1925 C. C. Herbert H. A. Spann J. M. Clarkson W, B. Mewborne 1926 J. N. Truesdale Chas. A. Dukes Kellah Miller Stanley County Club (1919- ) 1919 J. w. Hathcock Blanche Barringer Emma Davis Same 1920 J; B. Harris Blanche Moss Same Stenographers' Club (Sept. 14, 1911-1919) 1918 Marguerite Russell Julia Self 1918 1919 1920 1921 1923 1934 1935 Student Volunteers ( -1937) Ruth Merritt Eugene Chesson Leader- I, L, Shaner Dr. A. M. Gates Lota L. Draughon G. G. Adeuns M. T. Hipps Prgm Chm- P. J. Stough Win. A. Kale Mary Wilkinson Robert Kincheloe Prgm Ciim- James Starling' f"^ Linwood Blackburn ftm Chmr Darothy Phillips Eugene Chesson A. S. Barnes, Jr. Blanche Barringer Same Dorothy Kanoy John H. West brook Same marjorie King Same Mary L. Kincheloe 1936 Linwood Blackburn 105-a Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Student Religious Coiincil (1937- ) 1937 Denny Williams 1938 Oordon Tischer 1939 George Cole 1940 Herman Rapcport Linwood Blacktnirn Doris Wert 2 Betty Beclcer Merrimon Cunningham Rec-Mary E. Carter Julian Lindsey Doris Wertz Betty Becker Ida M, Grose Talmadge Mallory Claude Evans Joe Caldwell 106 Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer 1919 H. C. Holtz Surry County Clu"b (1919-1920) W. H, Holcomb C. D. Davis Same "T" Club (Mar. 6, 1912-1925) 1911 C. B. Brinn J. M. Thompson C. C. Poushee Same 1915 B. H. Siler J, E. Kanipe H. A. Maddox Same 1929 1933 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 Tau Kappa Alpha (1915- ) Charter members: B. W, Barnard, A. W. Byrd, David Brady, James Cannon, III, Holland Holton, <^inton Holton, H. E. Myers, W. R. Shelton, G. S. Sexton, Jr. Everett B. Weatherspoon-W. P. Ho wland-Ri chard L. Brown-Charles H. Livengood Claihorne Gregory James E. Palmer Perry Cartmright Same Prank Satteffield Erma Griffith Same Wm, P. Simmons Geo. T. Prampton Tom Senff P. L. Sobhle Tom Smart Dewey Daane Tom Smart Eleanor Powell Erma Griffith Same Genevieve Baggs Same Jean Metz Same Idelia Benson Same Samuel Holton Same Taurian Players (1919-1931) Became Duke Players in 1931 Helen Cantrell Helen Cantrell Geo. V, Allen W. A. Kale Eliz, Roberts Wm. Sprinkle ji'red Roper Bus. Mgp- Moirden Aura Holton Laura Winston Lucy Taylor Nancy Kirionan Edward L. Cannon Albert Dulin Edith Parker Back Pauline Weber Samuel P. Nicks Bus. Mgr- Ennis Atkins Coma Cole Flora Meredith Prances Ledbetter Eliz. Roberts Dorothy Huneycutt Sally Taylor Pauline Weber Dorothy Jennet te Thelma Howell Hunter Holloway Carl G. Knox D. L. Pouts W. A. Abrams T, A. Redmon Talmadge Peele .::3f. 107 Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Taurian Players-cont. 1929 Ennis Atkins James Co'ble Bus Mgr- Gordon Beall 1930 Preston B. Moses Bus Mgr- Raymond C. Carter Betty Burch Maiy Jane Tate Marshall Pritchett Wm. Gat ling Louise Moses Tennessee Club (Nov. 1912 - 1920) 1912 James Cannon, III W, W, Hutton 1916 P. C. Young H. L, Hoffman Ch Soc Com- R. C. Barrow J. W. Glaze C. C. Alexander A. S. BaxLgh. Same 1904 1908 1909 1910 1911 Tennis Association (1891-1912) Incorporated with Athletic Assoc. in Oct. 1904 M. E. Kewsom Angier B. Dak© M, A. Briggs Gilmer Siler Mgr- H. A. McKinnon C. B. West P. S. Bennett H. A. Hayes, Jr. E. C. McClees J. E. Lambeth C. R. Poushee J. L. Hutchison E. A. McKinnon N. I. White Same -Mgr . -W . A . Pegram J.L.Hutchison Same Same Same Theta Alpha Phi (1925- ) Wm. Catling E. Turner Poster 1930 Preston Moses 1933 Paul Baughman Sam Wisdom 1934 R. W. Archbold 1935 Margaret Pranck 1936 Ethel Williams 1937 Wm. B. Plaster 1938 Katherine Margolis Wm. Welton 1939 Wm. Welton Edna Joyner Historian- Harold K, Smith Adv.- A. T. West Wm. Hendrix D. Cole McMartin Jim V, Rose Nellie A. Opper D. K. Jackson Eloise Ingram Louise Merkel Bliz, Sherron John Pankey Ada Whit mo re Va. Pulton Priscilla Aiden Peggy Barnes M.Bradley Stevenson Ronald W. Archbold Pred. P. Hague Same Carl Lutz Carl Lutz Edna Joyner Win. M. Thomas Li^t- ©*3T 107-a Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasarer Tau Psi Omega L (1938- ) 1938 Roscoe Strickland Martha Perkins Historian- Priscilla Alden Helen Armstrong Raymond McDermott 1939 Ed. M. Brown Bertha Toppin Historian- Audrey Badgley 1940 Edward M, Brown Betty L. Ware Betty Ware Eoht. H. Smith Marie A, Coma Paul M. Gross 1939 1940 Town Boy's Cliah (1939- ) Randolph Few Harry Boyd Walter Shackleford Saraael Holton 0. C, Goodwin Thomas Howerton James Satterfield E. J. Daniel 108 Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Theta Phi (May 15, 1935- ) Charter members: Dr. Gilbert T. Howe, Prof. J. M. Ortaond, Dr. Paul N. Garber, Prof. H. E. Myers, Dr. Prank S. Hlclflnan, Harold H. Hutson, A. Ray Cook, Marion B. Stokes, Jr., Lowell B. Council. 1935 Dr. Gilbert T. Bowe 1936 Dr. Paul N. Garber 1937 Dr. P. S. Hickman J. M. Ormond Lowell B. Council Same H. E. L. Bearden Same Tombs (1903- ) 1933 Phil Weaver Al Reichman Jerry Bray Same 1934 Sam Bell Earl Wentz Jack Heritage Dan Mitchell 1935 Chas. Kunkle Thurman Ward John Hennemier Pete Naktenis 1936 Herbert Cheek 1937 P.obert Price Elmore Hackney Harwood Smith Willard Earngey 1938 John Cree Dan Hill Henry Wilson Edward Swindell 1939 Dave Emmet t 1940 James I. Willmott ; Bob Little Town Girls' Club (1927- ) Ed, Brown Eddie Shokes 1929 Pauline Tilley Patsy McKay 1930 Paye Mulholland Anna Moses 1931 Eliz. Powell Kancy Roberson 1932 Nancy Roberson Helen Card 1933 Catherine Powe Margaret Smith 1934 Jennie S. Kernodle Janet Ormond 1935 Inez Abernethy Mem Plyler 1936 Frances Childs Eleanor Mayes 1937 Bee Abernathy Louise Wannamaker Anna Moses Paye Mulholland DorotSy Newsome Eliz. Powell Peggy Strowd Margaret Edwards Rcdg-Lola M. Rogers Marg. Edwards Corr-Nellie Bishop Rcdg-Laura H. Thrift-Inez Abernethy Corr-Jennie S. Kernodle Rcdg-I. Sbernethy Mem Plyler Corr-A. Whit more Rcdg-B. Strother Margaret Ormond Corr-E, Mayes Rcdg-C. Markham Margaret Ormond Corr-E. Strother Rec-Margaret Finger Clyde Edwards Cor-Dorcthy Wilkerson 109 Year President Vice-President Secretary Tregi surer 1938 1939 1940 Town Girls' Club (conO Beatrice Abernathy Marjorie Krummel Rec-Garol Seeley Eleanor Belvin Cor-Clyde Edwards Rose Kueffner Marjorie Krommel Rec-Sara J. Pcrlines Martha Forlines Cor-Louise MacMillan Iiiarjorie Krummel Rosalie Algranti Rec-Rose Kueffner Sara J. ITeagle Cor-Prances Thomas Trident Club (1933-1934) 1933 Leslie A, Sqaires Joseph Brillinger B, A. Wagner Robt, Nixon Trinity College Historical Society (April 4, 1892- ) 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 Dr. W. I. Boyd Eugene Allison Curator- E. J^ Londow Dr. W. K. Boyd R. L. Towe Curator- P. R. Ray Dr. W. K. Boyd B, W. Ruark DB. W. K. Boyd S. G. Hawfield Curator- E. R. Sikes Dr. W. K. Boyd B. B. Jones Curator- J. K. Turner Dr. ^. K. Boyd John D. Cline Curator- J. K. Turner R. G. Cherry Same J. R. Davis Same J, R, Davis Same John W, Carr.Jr, Same T. W. Sprinkle Same W. K. Carr Same Trinity Park School Club (Jfln. 1913- ) 1911 W. G. Sheppard D, H, Paller W. A. Cade 1912 W. A. Cade H. M. Ratcliffe H. K. King E. R. Sikes 1913 H. M. Ratchliffe W. I. Wooten 1914 E. S. Savage E. R. Sikes H. A. Stamey J. J. Silley 1918 w. A. Thompson Inez Rogers T. A. Banks Same 1919 J. B. Canines L. B. Hathaway Lucille Parker R. L. Johnson 1920 J. A. Banks J. D. Johnson W. H. Smith J. T, Barnes 1921 T. A. Banks J. D, Johnson W. H. Smith 1922 H. A. Olliner John Rhodes G. P. Prollinger 110 Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Undergraduate Writers (1936-1941) 1935 Sheldon R. Harte Prances Merrill 1936 Edward B. Post, Jr. Prances Merrill 1937 Robert C. Wilson 1938 Virginia Hodges 1939 Dick Mouk Union County Club (Oct. 1910-1922) 1910 V. A, Moore a. S. Lee Z. P. Neal Same 1911 K. P. Neal B. L, Secrest L. P. Stack W. P. Starnes 1912 W. P. S tames E. L. Secreat A. M. Stack, Jr. W. P. Hawfield 1913 P. N. Neal E. L. Secrest Rcdg-W.P.Starnes Corr-C .A.Burrus V. V. Secrest 1914 S. a. Hawfield V. V. Secrest J. H. Burrus w. p. Hawfield 1915 Y. V, Secrest J. E. Price H. &. Love J. H. Burrus 1916 H, G. Love H. C. Deal T. N. Lee E. H. Broome 1921 0, L, Richardson James Weaver Henry Belk University Club Orchestra, Jelly Leftwich & (1925-1933) Members (during eight years of existence): Leader Piano Saxophones G-eorge E. Leftwich H. A. Spann H. J, Cranford D. M. McLaughlin Bruce Alexander Ernest Lynch W. J. Davis 0. B. McPee E. H. Smith R. C. Pinley E. S. Smith M. C. Wilson Julian Neal D. M. Gibson L. V. Pischer Harold Gibson W» D. Scribner Hugo Germino Ill Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer University Club Orchestra, Jelly Leftwich & -cont. Members (cont.) J Trumpets Tirombcnes Banjo Drums D, R, L^grpkin L. E. Nail William C. Lassiter Harry Zachary Woody Woodward H. C. Bost Thomas J. Lassiter W. M. Speed 6^. S. Saunders George Round Charles Lehrbach E. A. Heise James Booher E. S. Smith J. McG. Powell John (Goofy) Lupton Bass Viol or Horn-M. 0, Campbell Tom Little M. A. Campbell Grant ^erly Violins Vocalists Jelly Leftwich C. A. Herbert Johnny Long Albert J. Blumenthal Larry Turner Annie Lee Cut chin Kay Keever Veterans of Future Wars (19S6- ) Commander- Rossevelt Der Tatevasian Reid Holmes Lt, -Commander- Hilliard A. Schendorf Same 112 Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Virginia Club (1914-1926) 1914 Catherine Thomas H. A. Maddox 1916 J. C. Boggs J. C. Smoot, Jr. 1918 Eosalie Stepp 1919 Ma.ry B. Maury T. C. Battershill 1921 Thomas Battershill Flora Bray Lillian Frost 1922 J. C. Williams, Jr. Laura Winston Lillian Frost 1925 J. M, Weher Sadie Christenhury Polly Mcintosh Jane Couch Margaret Durham J. C. Boggs J. W. Clayton Hunter Holloway J. C. Williams E. IL. Cannon Same Wake County Cluh (1916-1919) 1916 E. C. Harris W. H, Pridgen Warren County Cluh (1923-1925) M. Gr. Eatman Same 1923 1924 J. H. Newell W. A. Mahry Bessie Hooker Bessie Booker Minnie Wilson W. S. Grant Warrenton High School (1911-1913) Cluh 1911 1912 P. F. Hanes W. H. Boyd Wayne County Cluh (1916-1926) Wm. H, Boyd B. E. Williams J. H, Rose C. W. Davis 1916 1918 1925 Alva E. Andrews Wm. R. Minshew M, B. Loftin Hufus Moore Maude Hunter W. Cary Maxwell Edna L. Tgylor Vera Outlaw A. T. Griffin.Jr. Same Same Same 1914 I. R. Shelton 1915 T. W. Sprinkle 1916 R. E. Shelton 1920 C. E. Buckner 1925 T. A. Jones Weaver College Club (Nov., 1914-1926) S. L. Gulledge W. S. Elias C. A. Reap H. T. Lefler J. H. Young T. W. Spriniie W. M. Pickens Edwin Burge C. E. Mahry M. S. Hodge Same H. G. Love W. H, Lefler H. C. Sprinkle Same 112-j Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Win-with-Willkie Clu"b (1940) 1940 Alex MacMahon Ed. Wilson Don Semester Co-ed-Tlaea Conger Adrian Cook 113 Tear President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer I Wetb School Club (1916-1917) 1916 W. W. Hutton J. W. Wallace J. H. Huff West Durham High School Cluh (1916-1923) 1918 B. PI Jones Hath Ballard Imogen Six Same 1920 Eliz. Phillips T. M. Green Mae Strawhridge Same 1921 Eliz. Phillips Ethel Neal Thomas Green H. H. Chesson White Duchy (1925- ) Class of Memhers 1926 Adelaide Royall Annie McSwain Annie Biair Anders Mrs. Evelyn H. Turner Julia Potts Elizabeth Roherts Prances Holmes 1927 Sarah Kate Ormand Mary Ostler Ruth Dai ley Dorothy Sahiston Sadie Rawing Blanche Henry Clarke Lillian Zachary 1928 Laura Deaton Mamie Bridgers Ellen Huckahee Virginia Stevens Kenetta Pulton Eehecca Kirkpatrick Gladys White 1929 Kellah Miller Pauline Weher Helen Taylor Rachel Copeland Mary Arden Hauss Elizabeth King 114 TSfliite Duchy-eont, Class of Members 1930 Elizabeth Montgomery Evelyn Hancock Pauline Til ley Elizabeth MacFadyen Vertie Moore Alma Wycbe Maud McCracken 1931 Charlotte Crews Iva Pitt Elizabeth Racker Mildred Murrell He t tie English Cornelia Yarbroiigh Gertrude Merritt 1932 Florence Moss Jean Stewart Edith Leach Norma Craft Leo no re Murphy Gladys Shuford Margaret Harrell 1933 Marjorie Glasson Eleanor Rodgers Carmen Patterson Dorothy Newsom Elizabeth Sellars Lucille Gainey 1934 Janet Griffin Ro sane lie Cash Augusta Walker Virginia Ti Hot son Hanes Clement Helen G. Daniel 1935 Marjorie King Ethel Garrett Rose Toney Elizabeth Pegram Louise Merkel Kelson Powell Mary Alice Dewey 115 Walte Duchy-cont. Class fif Members I 1936 Josephine Ea"by ! Dallas Knight Dorothy Gray , Catherine Whitrayre I Annie Laurie Newsome Jane Eaislip Mary Elliott Henderson 1937 Elizabeth Aiksn Paula Eassett Walton Bo wen Prances Lewis Lucy Rauschenhurg Edith Snook Marjorie White 1938 Jane Love Mary Brent Holland Genevieve Baggs Roberta Townsend Jeanne McCauley Betty Stine Mary Lawrance 1939 Barbara Henry Evelyn Van Sciver Peggy Ann Raup Louise Gracely Farrar Babcock Jeanne Marphy Jean Merkle Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Wilson County Club (Nov. 1921- ) 1921 J. T. Barnes J. L. Sharpe N. P. Wilkerson Same Woman's College Student Government (1918- ) 1918 Ruth Willard Merritt Stella Sexton Maude Nicholson Margaret Harvey J 116 Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Woman's College Student Government-cont. 1919 Grace E. Warlick Gladys Price 1920 Martha E. Wiggins Emma Davis 1921 Emma B. Barringer Jesse Penny Chm Soc Stan- Lotta Lee Draughton 1922 Hermina U. Haynes Va. Merritt 1923 Nora C. Chaff in Margaret Frank Chm Soc Stan- Inez Newsome 1924 Jessie E, Hauser Nancy Kirkman Chm Soc Stan- Mary Eskridge 1925 Julia W. Potts Annie McSwain 1926 Dorothy J. Sahiston Sadie Lawing 1927 Ellen H, Euckahee Mamie Bridgers Chm Soc Stan- Edith Parker 1928 Rachel V. Copeland Mary A. Hause 1929 Alma 7. Wyche Eliz. Montgomery Chm Soc Stan- Bessie Martin 1930 Gertrude Merritt Charlotte Crews Chm Soc Stan- Courtney Sharpe 1931 Edith H. Leach Alice Huckabee Chm Soc Stan- Leo no re Murphy 1932 Louisa B. Booker Martha Howie Chm Soc Stan- Carlotta Waters 1933 Augusta A. Walker Helen Daniel Chm Soc Stan- Helen Wyatt 1934 Anita Knox Mary N. White Chm Soc Stan- Eleanor Tompkins 1935 Annie L. Newsom Eleanor Barrett Clan Soc Stan- Mary Prances Ivey 1936 Eliz, W. Bowen Eliz. Paires Chm Soc S-^an- Jbinie L. Reise Mary B, Murphy Hermina Haynes Helen Cantrell Martha Wiggins Emma B. Barringer Va. Metritt Sophia Byman Allene Parrish ^dalene Gulledge Nancy Kirkman Annie B, Anders Adelaide Royall Rcdg-E. Huckahee Edith Parker Corr-Blanche H. Clark Rcdg-L. Brasington-Sara K. Ormond Corr-E. Huckahee Rcdg-Laura Deaton Eunice Stamey Corr-Anita Scar bo ro Rcdg-Alma Wyche Eliz. Montgomery Corr-Martha Chesson Hcdg-Char. Crews Gertrude Merritt Corr-Mary Bradsher Rcdg-Gladys Shuford Eliz. Caldwell Corr-Eliz, Clarke Rcdg-Martha Eowie Flora C, Best Corr-M. Pierce It-Margaret Gibbons. Eliz. Sellars C-Mary Parkharst CpBleanor Tompkins Dorothy Dougjas E-Lenora Snyder Saraii Thompson C-Mai Van Deren R-Eetty Faires Mary Auld C-Katherine Whitmyre R-Eliz. Aiken C-Jane Love Martha J. Culbdrtson 117 Year President Yice-Presldent Secretary Treasurer Woman's College Student Governqient-cont. 1937 Mary B. Holland Patricia Seall R-Betty J. Brown Margaret A. March C-Marjorie Winston Va. Hardesty 1938 Betty J. Broim Marie Pedeflous R-Peggy A. Haup Given Adams C-Barbara Henry 1939 Peggy A, Raup Louise Gracely R-Eliz. Murray Bvdlyn Van Sciver C-Mildred Morehead C. Stiles 1940 Libby Murray Hae Rogers R-Gladys Williams Elsie Gurry Chm Soc Stan- Louise Van Hagan C-Jane Waters Audrey Bracken Writers' Clu"b (1911- ) 1911 W. E. Eller Maiy Loomis Smith James Cannon, Jr, Young Men's Christian Association (1888- ) 1888 Gaston Troy Adaras 1889 William Bowman Lee 1890 Jacob Pu^berts Moose 1891 Allie Lee Ormand Newby Caviness 1892 Henry P. Boggs 1893 Joseph Henry Separk 1894 Tuttle 1895 Fred Soule Aldridge 1897 John Council Woo ten 1898 Jesse H. Bamhardt 1899 Stevens Alexander Stewart 1900 Leslie P. Howard 1901 Leslie P. Howard 1902 Enoch Marvin Hoyle 1903 Nicholas S. Ogburn, Jr. 1904 Franklin S. Love Nicholas S. Ogburn, Jr. 1905 Franklin S. Love E. 0. Cole W. V. McRae E. W. Knight 1906 William Vogle McRae C. R. Canipe H. C. Doss 1907 Thomas M. Grant E/ W. Knight E. C. Doss 113 Tear President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer 1908 1909 1910 i 1911 1912 1913 1914 I 1915 • 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 C. W. Palford H. G. Hedrick E. J. Harbison W. G. Suiter Sdgar L, Secrest Duff C. Lewis John J. Lilley John J. Lijley Chas. S. Bunn Luther L. Gohbell A. J. Hobbs.Jr. J. E. Gilbreath Roht. A« Parham Leroy Dalin B. B. Harrison M. T. Hipps Wm. A. Kale John H. Westbrook Walter A. Biggs C. Ray Carpenter Liston Pope Smmett K, McLarty, YMCA-cont. Willis Smith G. W. Vick W. G. Sheppard W. A. Cadg James Cannon B. I, Pew V. V. Secrest V. V. Secrest L. C. Larkin Ployd C. Caviasss W. C. Ormond B. T. Harrison W. N. Vaugham C, B. Hauck J. D. Steet W. L. Clegg W. S. Barnes E. P. McFee J. M. Atkins Robt. Tuttle John M. Weber Chisman Hanes W. G. Matton E. H. H. Hunter F. W. G. Suiter L. P.Z.S.BvertAn W. B. P. Pew D. C. P. Matton V. C. S. Bunn G. C. S. Bonn G, L. L. Gobbell W. Clarence D. Douglas, J, H. Harrison J. R. A. Parham H. H.Stephenson S. Bennett M. Epps P. S tarns C. Lewis V. Secrest R. Jordan R. Jordan K. Carr Andrew J. Hobbs E. Gilbreath B. Fisher T. C. Kirlonan Henry Belk C. E. King W. A. Kale R. L, Jerome W. A. Abrams E. K. Rice Fred Brumraitt C. Moody Smith Russell Ranson Leroy Dulin J, E. Bridgers M, T, Hipps R. E. Long F. A. Lee F, A. Redmon John Weber Chas, H. Gay Emerson Jones W. M, Upchurch, Jr. Chas. F. Honeycutt H. L, Andrews Martin K. Green Wm. P. Farthing Curtis T. Spence Par due Bunch Chas. D. Beatty A. M. itfe-cQiiarrie James Peak Edwin C. Kellam Russell C. Herbert F.W. Dowd Bangle Robert E. Kay Pred N. Cleaveland J, A. Bistline Wm. B. Somerville Denny Williams Denny Williams Frank Marklaam Tim Brinn Guy P, Bemer Edward Pike Albert Brust Edwin C. Kellam John A. Myers P. W. D. Bangle A. M. MacQ^arrie Paul F. KetchTim Wm. Fickes Frank Markham Guy Berner David C. Prillaman Harold Smith Frank Sellers John Doeier Rawlins Coffman C. C. Derrick Chas,D. Beatty G. W. Wharton James A. Bistline Robt. Wilkinson Prank Dennis Reid Holmes Young Women's Christian Association (1917- ) Charter members: Lucille Li taker, Rosalie Stepp, Gladys Prise, M. Kornegay, Vera Wiggins, M. Russell, Bernice Ulrich. 1917 Lucile Litaker 1918 Vera M. Wiggins 1919 Eliz. L. Allen Rosalie Stepp Inez Allen Mary B, Murfhy Gladys Price Same Grizell Hartselle Same Jesse Penny Maude Nicholson 119 Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer 1920 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 YWCA-cont. Lota L. Brati^ton.Josie Foy Florence C. Harris, Laara Winston Ethel H. Merritt Mary King Ellison Llargaret Ledbetter Idalene Gulledge Prances Holmes Pannie Hathcock Blanche Clark Kate Zimmerman Edith V. Stevens Leila Hubhard Kellah C. Miller Clarice Bowman Eliz. A. MacPadyen, Clarice Bowman Eliz. Eucker Norma L. Craft Ya. Ragan Mary J. ^lass f.iarjorie King Alma Hull Edith Snook Genevieve Baggs Lucille Burgess Parrar Babcock Katharine Binder Hath King Dorothy Leary Rosanelle Cash Va. Tillotson Walton Bo wen K. Upchurch Mary E, Carter Parrar Babcock Thea Conger Josephine Brown Florence Harris Alice Thomas Eliz. Roberts Dorothy Sabiston Mary Kestler Lillian Zachary Rachael Williams Dorothy Jennet t Joanna Crim Irene Pitts Dixon Barrett Jesse Hauser Prances Holmes Dorothy Sabiston Maude Brown Eva Malone Dorothy Westbrook Clyde Allison Pauline Prances Mildred uhirrell Dorothy Eaton Va. Pwagan Va, Geddes Lucille Gainey A. Woods Devereaux,Helen Gray Mary Henderson Katherine Upchurch Mary L. Kincheloe Jeanne McCauley Carol Strauss Annie Daniel Helen Saleeby Va. Griffin Margaret Carlen Helen Knight Helen Knight Joy Cann Joy Cann Ann O'Rourk 1935 Zeta Beta Taa 4. 1935- ) Charter members: Sam Hogol, Irwin Priedlander, Gilbert Cohen, Harold Ginsberg, Milton Weinstein, Nathan Weinstein, Irwin Priedlander Milton Weinstein R-Nathan Weinstein Harold Ginsberg C-Abe A. Alterman 1936 M. Weinstein J. P. Kaperman Abe A. Alterman 1937 Jesse P. Kaperman Irving Samuels Jermiah Gorin 1938 Irving L. Samuels Alvin S, Gross Leonard Levy 1939 Joe Boldstein Herman L. Rapaport Philip Lewis 1940 H, L. Rapoport Dan Gottesman Martin L. Parker Jerry J, Gorin David Shapiro J. Goldstein Dan Gottessman Alfred Tenenbaum Zeta Tau Alpha (June 4, 1915- ) Charter members: Pannie E. Vann, Annie Hamlen, Hillietta Evans, Janie Couch, Rox M. Davis, Mozelle Newton, Kathleen Hamlen, Lucy Rogers. 120 President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Zeta Tau Alpha-cont, 1935 Emmy Lou Morton Peggy Becker 1936 Mary Auld Katherine White Historian- Eliz. Riley 1937 Pan Auld Jane DusenTsury Historian- Prances Sewell Hush Capt.- Dot Creery 1938 Jtme Southworth Jeanne Murphy Eleanor Stevenson Mary Auld R-Eliz. Small Ella Waters C-Dorothy Dick E-J-une Southworth Betty Bogert C-Lillian Gihson H-Jean Ord C-Jean Merkel Edna E. Sexton Polly Warner 1939 Mary S. Dodge Doris Tritle R-Annajane Boyd Polly Warner C-Ellen Buschav 1940 Rose Kueffner Mary R, Co Iyer R-Eutiy Kiaiden C-Plcrence Rick Miriam Kamerer Young Democrats Club (1940- ) 1940 Ivlarvin Young Ed. Braswell.Jr. Hazel Haynes Geo. Trakas » I Appendix B, Organizations and Enterprises Classified ATHLETICS— Athletic Association, Delta Phi Hho Alpha, Fencing Clu"b, Football Cluh, Golf Club, Handball Association, Riding Club. Sigma Delta Psi, "D" Club, Stirrups, "T" Club, Tennis Association, Tombs, Trident Club, Twi- light Horseback Riders, Varsity Club, Nereidian Club, Modern Dance Group. B lOLOGY— Biology Club, Nu Sigma, Phi Sigma. CHEMISTRY— Chemists' Club, Pegram Chemistry Club. CIVIC — Athletic Association, V/omen's Athletic Association, CIRSA, Current Topics Club, Greater Duke Club, Greater Trinity Club, Interstate Pro- gressive Club, Junior Big Sisters, League of Women Voters, Schola Caveat, Student Relations Committee, Trident Club. CLASSICAL STUDLUS— Classical Club, Forum Club, Parthenon Club. COMliBRCE & ECONOMICS— Alpha Kappa Psi, Commercial Club, Psi Kappa Alpha. DRAMATICS— Drainatic Society of Trinity College, Duke Players, Hoof and Horn, Religious Drama Guild, Southgate Dramatic Club, Taurism Players, Theta Alpha Phi, White Witch Dramatic Club. EDUCATION— Braxton Craven Education Association, Education Club, Kappa Delta Pi, Religious Education Association, ENGIHEERING — American Institute of Electrical Engineers, American Society of Civil Engineers, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Delta Epsilon Sigma, Duke Society of Mechanical Engineers, Engineers' Club, Engineers' Forum, Student Government of the College of Engineering, FICTITIOUS- -Alpha Sigma Sigma, Damned Fools' Laughing Association, Ejection tClub, FLAES, Grand Consolidated Glee-Banjo-Harpsichord- Clevis Club, Human Nature Club, I Signa Phi, Nauseating Order of Chewers, Original Research Society, Regardless Fruit Club, Sigma Sigma Alpha, Society for the Pro- \ 122 POESNSIC— (See also LITERARY)— Athena Literary Society, Brooks Literary Society, Calhoxm Literary Society, Columbia Literary Society, Current Topics Club, Danyeah Literary Club, Debaters* Club, Debaters' Council, Debating Council, Ero 14athian Society, Grady Literary Society, Hesperian Literary Society, Hesperian Ujjion, Moot Court, Tau K^pa Alpha. I'HATSRHITIES, Undergraduate Social— Alpha Chi, Alpha Omega Sigma, Alpha Pi Sigma, Alpha Sigma Tau, Alpha Tau Omega, Alpha Zeta Phi, Bachelors' Club, Beta Nu, Bgta Pi, Chi Phi, Chi Tau, D. D. Club, Delta Delta, Delta Sigma Phi, Delta Tau Delta, DeMolay, Dons, Bpsilon Alpha Sigma, Fraternity Pan- Hellenic Council, Goblins, Kappa Alpha, Kappa Sigma, Keys Club, Lambda Chi Alpha, Masonic Club, Mu Kappa Klan, Omega, Our Gang, Owls, Pente, Phi Delta Theta, Phi Kappa Delta, Phi Kappa Psi, Phi Kappa Sigma, Phi Sigma Delta, Pi Epsilon Pi, Pi Kappa Alpha, Pi Ks5)pa Phi, Psi Delta Sigma, Rebels, Sigma Alpha Epsllon, Sigma Alpha Omega, Sigma Chi, Sigma Delta, Sigma Gamma, Sigma Kappa, Sigma Mu, Sigma Nu, Sigma Phi Epsilon, Sigma Tau Alpha, Theta Nu Epsilon, Thirteen Club, Yellow Dogs, Zeta Beta Tau, Beta Club, Beta Theta Pi. GEOGRAPHICAL— Alien Club, Caldwell County Club, Chatham County Club, Cleveland County Club, Cosmopolitan Club, Cumberland County Club, Davenport College Club, Davidson County Club, Duplin County Club, Durham High School Club, Floridian Club, Forsythe County Club, Gaston County Club, Granville County Club, Guilford County Club, Harnett County Club, International Club, Inter- state Progressive Club, League of Nations, McDowell County Club, Mecklen- berg County Club, Montgomery County Club, Mountain Boomers' Club, Hash County Club, New Hanover County Club, Northampton County Club, Person County Club, Pitt County Club, Roberson County Club, Rutherford College Club, Sampson County Club, Sandf iddlers' Club, South Carolina Club, Stanley County Club, S\irry County Club, Tennessee Club, Town Girls' Club, Union County Club, Virginia Club, Wake County Club, Warren County Club, Warrenton High School Club, Wayne County Club, Weaver College Club, Webb School Club, West Durham High School Club, Wilson County Club. HISTORY— Historical Society of Trinity College. HOBBY— Alpha Eta Rho, Aviation Club, Duke-Durham Camera Club, Chess Club, Fenc- ing Club, Golf Club, Handball Association, Hiking Club, Explorers' Club, Needlework Guild, Riding Club, Stirrups, Tennis Association, Twilight Horsebaclc Eiders, Photographers' Union. HONORARY— Alpha Eta, Beta Omega Sigma, Chi Delta Phi, Coif, Delta Phi Alpha, Delta Phi Rho Alpha, Delta Upsilon Beta, Eko-L, Gamna Delta, Gamma Eta Gamma, Iota Gamma Pi, Ivy, Kappa Delta Pi, Kappa Kappa Psi, Lambda Phi Gamma, Ninety-Nineteen, Omicron Delta Kappa, Omicron Kappa, Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Eta Sigma, Phi Sigma, Pi Gamma Mu, Pi Mu Bpsilon, Red Friars, Sandals, Sigma Delta Pi, Sigma Pi Sigma, Sigma Xi, Tau Kappa Alpha, Theta Alpha Phi, Theta Phi, "D" Club, "T" Club, Tombs, Varsity Club, White Duchy. JOURNALISTIC— Journalism Club, Press Association, Q;uill Club LAITGUAGE— Cercle Francais, Delta Phi Alpha, Deutscher Verein, English Club, French Clubs, Gamma Delta, German Club, Salon Francaise, Sigma Delta Pi, Sigma Tau Alpha, Societe Francaise, Spanish Club, Volapuk Club. .t:.=;ii9q8eH ,- .A.-(Y. .-CIxjv .•^tsIOKOU. ,b: .;^0 ,r,fif^ll 123 LEGAI*-- Bar Association, Law School Bitle Class, Coif, Htighes Law Clu"b, Iredell Law Club, Moot Coiirt, Mordecai Law Club, Phi Delta Phi, Sigma Nu Phi, Bench and Bar. LIEEEAEY— (See also PCEENS I C)— Athena Literary Society, Brooks Literary Society, Calhoxm Literary Society, Cat's Head Club, Chi Delta Phi, College Poetry Society, Col\imbia Literary Society, Current Topics Club, Danyeah Literary Society, English Club, Ero Mathian Society, Folklore Society, Fortnightly Club, Grady Literary Society, Hesperian Literary Society, Saturday Night Club, Sigma Tau Delta, Sigma Upsilon, Undergraduate Writers, Writers' Club. MATHEMATICS— Mathematics Club, Pi Mu Epsilon. MEDICAL—Alpha Zappa Zappa, Alpha Omega Alpha, Zadavre Club, Nu Sigma Nu, Phi Beta Pi, Phi Chi, Pre-Medical Society, Theta Zappa Psi. MILITARY— A E F Club, Anti-War Society, Ch^lains of Future Wars, Ex-Service Men's Club, Naval Club, NROTC Club, Officers' Club, P^serve Officers' Training Corps, The Duke Dolphin , Veterans of Future Wars. MUSICAL— Band, Blue Devils Orchestra, Bill Lassiter and His Blue Devils, Les Brown and His Blue Devils, Kick Laney and His Blue Devils, Allen Stanley and His Blue Inips, Collegians, Delta Upsilon Beta, Dixie Four, Frank Gerard and His D-Men, Joe Burke and His Duke Ambassadors, Glee Club and Orchestra Association, Men's Glee Club, Women's Glee Club, Grand Con- solidated Glee-Banjo-Karps ichor d- Clevis Club, Hoof and Horn Club, Instru- mental Music Association, Zappa Zappa Psi, Lambda Phi Gamma, Johnny Long and His Duke Collegians, Lost Chord Quartet, Mandolin Club, Women's Man- dolin Club, Milk Brothers Quartet, Musical Clubs, Women's Musical Clubs, Music Study Club, Women's Orchestra, Al Preyer and His Orchestra, P.oyal Duke Orchestra, String Quartet, Johnny Hansel and His Swing Zings, Trouba- dour Band, Jelly Leftwich and His University Club Orchestra. PHYSICS— Physics Club, Sigma Pi Sigma. POLITICAL — Al Smith Club, American Liberty League, American Student Union, Autocracy Smashers, Bryan-Zem Club, Chaplains of Future Wars, Democratic Club, Gardner-f or- Governor Club, Harmon-for-President Club, Hoover Club, Page-for-Govemor Club, Polity Club, Republican Club, Veterans of Future Wars, V/hite Combine, Blue Combine, Woodrow V/ilson Club. ■ PUBLICATIONS— Archive , Blue Devil , Blue Imp , Bonus Bill , Cat's Meow , Chanticleer . Chr onicle , College Herald , Distaff , Ducat , Duchess , Duke Dolphin , Duke 'n' Duchess, Independent , Park School Gazette , Peace Agent , Sein Feigner , Trinity Prep , Volunteer . RELIGIOUS & THEOLOGICAL— Baptist Students' Union, Bible Classes, Catholic Stu- dents' Union, Christian Science Society, Freshman Commission, Freshman Friendship Council, Hades Club, Luther League, Methodist Students' Union, Ministerial Association, Omicron Chi Epsilon, Religious Education Assn., k School of Religion Association, Sophomore Commission, Sophomore Council, Student Volunteers, Theta Phi, Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Young Men's Christian Association, Young Women's Christian Association, Student , "?-X9^ 'V ,nx ntX'* *.-t f>rrnfr_. •».Lv e •r-t 124 \ SCHOLARSHIP— Alpha Eta, Bko-L, Ivy, Ninety-Nlneteen, Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Eta Sigma. SCIENTIFIC— (See also BIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY, ENGHIEERING, MATHEMATICS, IffiDICAL, PHYSICS)— Crowell Scientific Society, Iota Gamma Pi, Natural History Club, Science Cluh, Scientific Society, Sigma Xi. SORORITIES, Undergraduate Social— Alpha Delta Pi, Alpha Epsilon Phi, Alpha Phi, Delta Chi Upsilon, Delta Delta Delta, Delta Epsilon, Delta Psl, Delta Upsilon, Kappa Alpha Theta, Kappa Delta, Kappa Kappa Gamina, Mu Larnhda, Nu Beta Phi, Phi Mu, Pi Beta Phi, Sigma Beta, Sigma Delta, Sigma Kappa, Xi Qmicron, Zeta Tau Alpha. I I ;j i. I Appendix C WHEY GRAY ORATORS Ability in oratory has for centtiries "been one of the marks of an educated man. Outstanding student orators, then, would be supposed to number among leading almmi of any institution. The following history by J. P. Breedlove gives pertinent facts about some of the outstanding student orators in Trinity College and Duke University. The Wiley Gray Medal The Wiley Gray Medal was established at Trinity College in 1879 hy Rahert T, Gray, an able yotmg lawyer and devoted Methodist of Raleigh, N, C, It is a memorial to his brother, Cs^tain Samuel Wiley Gray, who was killed in "battle at Gettysburgh, Pennsylvania, July 2, 1863, In accordance with the wish of the founder, the medal has heen presented each year to the memher of f the graduating class who, in the opinion of a competent committee of three, made the best oration at the commencement of his graduation. Por many years every member of the graduating class had the privi- lege of speaking for the Wiley Gray on commencement day. Later the number desiring to compete grew so large that there was not time for so many speeches. -¥oIIol eiiT .flolrfirtl^eal "yxs to Innmls a^* ;c' ^XcO v: B9 asv IsboM ^tO velix' srCT I 126 8 a preliminary contest was held before a faculty committee and the four best speakers were selected to try for the medal. This contest, for a long time, came on the commencement program just before the graduating exercises. In later years it was held either on Monday or Tuesday evening of commencement week. In 1933, for the first time, the contest was held before a committee a few days before commencement. The winner was announced and the medal v/as delivered to him. Then on commencement day, preceding the conferring of degrees, the winner, as senior speaker, made his address before the audience assembled to witness the graduating exercises. Since the death of Mr, H, T, Gray the medal has been given each year by his nephews: James A, and Bowman Gray of Winston-Salem, N.C. Wiley Gray left the University of Horth Carolina in his sophomore year and entered the Confederate Army. He joined Company D of the 57th Worth Carolina regiment. His home was in Forsythe County and his company was com- posed almost entirely of men of his home county. He soon rose through the various official grades to the captaincy of his contpany. When General Lee went on his Northern campaign, he was senior cs^tain of his regiment at the age of twenty years. He was commissioned captain Dec, 13, 1862. At Gettysburg, July 2, 1863, just before sunset while charging a battery with Hoke's brigade he met a hero's death. His comrades were not able to recover his body, and he was buried in an unknown grave. Wiley Gray was conspicuous for his gallantry. He had been in all the battles in which his regiment had taken part, and had coimnanded his excellent company in all except the battle of Fredericksburg. The first Wiley Gray medal was presented on behalf of the donor by Tabius H, Busbee of Raleigh, N. C, to Governor Thomas J, Jarvis, who in a few appropriate words handed it to the winner, George Washington Koonce. In his presentation speech Mr. Busbee made the following remarks on the motives of the ^ixrol mii boB as^c ^--e^.- ',7?* r. '•.n*.t»crTo*^ s 9-ro*3'f fsf'^rf -Jew -tasJr' -r? ct ^f a 3 .O.ii ,mf. Jaal* to "S9" Oil baa xim. eaod •T'^r'jfj' Jr, n'y. no flsdT rori' '.*D. 7 JL^Q'i'Hv ji sell on :'>-:* fne .:' ■ "C"*^' "•'t *s "^C !!* 9idfa ;tort sisif c t^eJb oxe s- W9 1 JB ni iTxavot) 0* .0 •'-! , J .LUi :'- •- ^- 127 donor, Robert T, Gray: "The founder of the medal was not a graduate of Trinity College, , . . His collegiate training was obtained in another state, and his family associations are closely interwoven with the State tmiversity; hut he desires to make this public acknowledgement of his interest in and admiration for Trinity College as it is, and his faith in the Trinity that shall be. , . . Mr, Gray wishes to foster eloquence in its highest and best aspect — the rare ■ touchstone which opens the hearts of men, the logic to prove, the information to impart, the fancy to embellish, the elocution to deliver: of such, indeed, the world will not grow weary. " Mr, Busbee then described the quality of eloquence Mr, Gray wished to encourage. "As genius is the ornament of man, so the light of that genius is oratory. Wot the strength, the 'robur' of that genius, not the genius it- self, but its torch, its light, its glory, is eloquence." Belov/ are given the year of the contest, the name and address of the i winner, the title of his oration, the name of the man presenting the medal, the literary society to which he belongs, and his chosen life work as far as this information could be obtained from newspapers, weeklies, and college publications: 1879 - G«orge Washington Koonce of Jones County, N. C. "Reform." Medal pre- sented by P^ H^ Busbee, Raleigh, N, C. Columbian. Lawyer. 1880 - William Bruce Dowd of Charlotte, N. C. "The South, A Confederacy." Medal presented by Judge Towle of Raleigh, N, C. Hesperian. Lawyer; ^ 1881 - Philemon Holland of New Bern, N, C. "The Irish Problem." Medal pre- W sented by Rev. N, M, Jxarney. Columbian. Lawyer. 1882 - Benjamin Franklin Lane of Wilson County, N. C. "The New South. " Medal presented by James W, Reid, Wentworth, N. C. Hesperian. Farmer. 1883 - Samuel Winbum Finch of Davidson County, N. C. "Tendency of the Times." Medal presented by John N, Staples of Greensboro, N. C. Hesperian. Teacher and politician. 1884 - Junius Augustus Johnson of Trinity, N, C. "North Carolina." Medal pre- sented by E. R. Stamps of Raleigh, N. C. Columbian. Engineer, Civil. Da; a»« ^ r / -:•■ , voiq oi otyoL Bd3 ,ne .' - . Is 'to "Z^l - V .,1 s<» . . f aofroc " 'r»> «• . . , V> fev .te- . .oat , •iiaen . ^ji-:iU.Bi 128 1885 - Paid. Jones of Tarboro, N. C. "Moral SuTDllmlty." Medal presented "by James W, Re id of Wentworth, N, C, Hesperian. Lawyer, Editor. 1886 - Lola Percy Skeen of Mt, Gilead, N. C. "Ecce Republica. " Medal pre- sented by Paiil B-, Means, Concord, N, C. Hesperian. Lawyer. 1887 - John Robert Overman of Goldsboro, N. C. "The Discipline of Adversity." Medal presented by Hon. George H. Snow, Raleigh, N. C. Hesperian. Politician, Parmer, 1888 - George Newton Raper of High Point, N. C. "Anarchy versus Democracy in America. " Medal presented by Rev, P, L, Reid. Coliimbian, 1889 - Gustavus Troy Adams of Little River Academy, N. C. "Spirit of the Age." Medal presented by J, M^ Leach, Jr. Hesperian. Minister, 1890 - Alexander Hayvood White of Pollocksville, N. C. "Professional Politics Incompatible with Good Government." Medal presented by Prof, W, A, Blair, Winston-Salem, N, C. Hesperian. Teacher. 1891 - William Bowman Lee of Durham, N. C. "What Is Life?" Medal presented by Hon, John S, Henderson, Salisbury, N^ C. Columbian. Missionary. 1892 - Stonewall Jackson Durham of Greensboro, N.C, "The Industrial Condition of North Carolina." Medal presented by G, S, Bradshaw, Columbian. Lawyer. 1893 (Pirst Commencement in Durham) - Charles E, Turner of Cool Spring, N, C. "Origin and Tri"uinph of Democracy. " Medal presented by Justice A. C. Avery of N, C. Supreme Court. Hesperian, Lawyer. 1894 - Robert Jones G. Tuttle of Hartland, N, C. "One Life Only." Medal pre- sented by Creek 0. Andrews, Raleigh, N, C. Hesperian. Minister. 1895 - Plato Tracy Durham of Zing's Mountain, N^ C. "Intolerance." Medal pre- sented by Octavius Coke, Raleigh, N^ C, Coitimbian. Minister, Teacher, 1896 - Joseph Smith Maytubby of Boggy Depot, Indian Territory. "Social Changes." Medal presented by Hon. Clement Manly, Winston-Salem, N. C. Hesperian. Parmer. 1897 - Garland dander Green of Beaumont, N. C, "Duty of the Scholar to the State." Medal presented by Dr, Charles D, Mclver, Greensboro, N. C, Hesperian, Minister, 1898 - George Hiram Humber of Carthage, N. C. "The Graduate and the Citizen." Medal presented by Dr, John C. Zilgo. Columbian. Lawyer. 1899 - Harry Maurice North of Laurinburg, N. C. "Traditions." Medal presented by Hon. James H. Southgate, Durham, N, C. Hesperian. Minister. 1900 - James Marvin Oulbreth of Wilmington, N, C. "Need of Dependence on Christ." Medal presented by Pabius H. Busbee, Raleigh. Columbian. Minister. .11 ,0^ .'i ~^u . ni iro&ioome'^ 2i . isdoael £)9*ii?5a--- ^-^^M iZsMnirloO .0 99U it .•latir.'' .2 .0 vtf ii-PWt .0 .yi .a-^Ji; rertixj^ .5L .0 .:. , 9i^t V- iics I 129 1901 - William Arnold lamTseth of Thomasville , N. C. "The College in the Service of the Nation." Medal presented by Jtadge Howard A, youshee, Durham, N, C. Hesperian. Minister. 1902 - Edward Octavlus Smithdeal of Advance, N. C. "Social Torces and Industrial Progress." Medal was presented hy Dr. John Franklin Crowell, New York City. Columhian. Teacher. 1903 - Villiam Walter Peele of Gibson, N, C. "Power of the Individual." Hesperian. Minister. 1904 - Henry Bethune Adams, Jr., of Monroe, N, C. "Breadth and Effectiveness." Medal was presented by Governor C, B. Aycock. Columbian. Lawyer. 1905 - Eli Franklin Lee of Newton Grove, N. C. "Triximph of American Democracy." ColTirabian. Minister. 1906 - Samuel Bobbitt Underwood of Rockingham, N, C. "American Press and American Public Opinion." Medal presented by Dr. John C, Kilgo. Columbian. Teacher, School Superintendent . 1907 - Luther Martin Peele of Gibson, N^ C. "Federation of the V/orld." Medal was presented by Dr. 3. F. Dixon, Raleigh, N. C. Columbian. Teacher. 1908 - Walter Adair Stanbury of Boone, N. C. "Phillips Brooks." Medal pre- sented by Congressman Robert N. Page, Biscoe, N. C. Hesperian, Minister, 1909 - Robert Colman Goldstein (Robert C. Roy) of Asheville, N. C. "Another View of Socialism." Medal presented by Robert T, Gray, founder of the award, Raleigh, N, C, Columbian. Lawyer. 1910 - Clarence Shaw Warren of Ljmchburg, Tenn. "The Classics and Citizenship." Hesperian. Teacher. 1911 - Henry Grady Hedrick of Lexington, N. C. "The Influence of the West in American Politics." Hesperian, Lawyer. 1912 - Walter Glasgow Sheppard of Farmville, N. C. "Americans' Greatest Mission." Hesperian. Lawyer. 1913 - ^nton Holton of Durham, N. C. "Imperialism and the South." Medal pre- sented by Henry E, Litchfield, Raleigh, N. C. Hesperian. Teacher. 1914 - Ernest Creasy Durham of Roscoe, N. C. "America and Evangelism." Hesper- ian. Minister. 1915 - Bascom Weaver Barnard of Asheville, N, C. "The Party Man and the Indivi- dual Voter." Medal presented by Congressman John H. Small, Washington, D.C. Columbian. Landscape Architect. 1916 - Vailiam Roy Shelton of Asheville, N. C. "War and Its Aftermath." Medal presented by Dr. W. P. Few. Hesperian. u ■•♦'--..-irrC-W V:V:Jl ,1C ."SC y:. aoBii- -e' ,■.. , ^ , T 130 1917 - Henry Clay Greenberg of Durham, N. C. "Public Interest in Politics." Hesperian, Lawyer, 1918 - Egbert Milton Splvey of Farmville, N. C, "Our Neighbors." Colmbian, Insurance , 1919 - Jesse Herbert Lanning of Linwood, H, C, "America's Place in a World Peace." Medal presented by Joseph H, Seapark, Gastonia, N. C, Columbian, Minister, 1930 - Norman Martin West of Council, N^ C, "ITational Seclusion versus Inter- national Cooperation," Columbian.* Lawyer. 1921 - Claude Hardin Moser of Cherryville, N, C. "British Navalism versus American Commercialism. " Columbian, Minister, 1922 - Robert Dwight Ware of Albemarle. N, C, "National Policy Responsive to Popular Will." Columbian, Minister, 1923 - Thomas Banks Bradley of Newman, Ga. "Americanism: Idealistic and 14ater- ialistic," Columbian, Manufacturer. P 1924 - William Norwood Hicks of Durham, N. C, "Human Progress and the Teacher." Not member of a literary society. Teacher. 1925 - Ernest Golden Overton of South Creek, N, C, "Battles for Progress in the South." Columbian, Minister, f 1926 - Whiteford S, Blakeney, Jr., of Monroe, N, C. "The Worst Tendency in College Life Today," Columbian, Lawyer, 1927 - Lonnie Emerson Nail of Winston-Salem, N, C, "Progress, Resources, and Needs of North Carolina." Not member of a literary society. Student. 1928 - Clarence Ray Carpenter of Cherryville, N, C. "Peace and the International Mind," Medal presented by Robert L, Durham, Columbian. Student, Psychologist. 1929 - Richard Fred Roper of Washington, D, C, "Our Constitution; the Hope of the Nation," Hesperian, Executive Secretary, Democratic National Committee, 1930 - Everett Broadus Weatherspoon of Durham, N, C, "A Fallacy in American Administration of Justice," Medal presented by B, S, Womble, Winston- Salem, N, C, Hesperian. Educational administrator. 1931 - Joseph Gaither Pratt of Wins ton- Salem, N. C, "The Outlook for Peace." Medal presented by Dr. G, R. Combs of Charlotte, N, C, Hesperian. Psychologist. 1932 - William Patrick Farthing of Durham, N. C. "Democracy, the Hope of the Nations." Medal presented by Dr. G. R. Combs, Durham, N, C, Hesperian. Lawyer, ",30X^1::. teeite^nl oil . . I lo %■ ! - Vie ^e;i ' .8iofflN, FRANZ GERARD AND HIS, 78, 79 DAMNED FOOLS' LAUGHING ASSN., 159 DANCE STUDY CLUB, 160 Dancing, 75, 94, 113 DANTfEAH LITERARY CLUB, 12 DAVENPORT COLLEGE CLUB, 149, (28) DAVIDSON COUNTY CLUB, 148 DEBATE COUNCIL, 10 DEBATERS' CLUB, 10, (29) DEBATERS' CCXJNCIL, 9 DEBATING COUNCIL, WOMEN'S, 10 Declamation contests, 128 "Defense Courses," 151 DeHart, James, 108 DELTA CHI, 130, (29) DELTA CHI UPSILON, 119 DELTA DELTA, 104 DELTA DELTA DELTA, 119 DELTA EPSILQN. 122 DELTA EPSILON SIGMA, 136, (30) DELTA GAMMA, 120, (29) DELTA PHI ALPHA, 26, (31 ) DELTA PHI RHO ALPHA, 93, (31) DELTA PS I, 123, (32) DELTA SIGMA PHI, 104, (32) DELTA TAU DELTA, 104, (32) DELTA UPSILON, 119, (30) DELTA UPSILON BETA, 82 DEMOCRATIC CLUB, 52 DeMOLAY FRATERNITY, 97, 112 Der Tatevasian, Roosevelt, 21, 32, 39, 97, 153 DEUTSCHSR VEREIN, 26, (33) DINING ASSOCIATION, 150 Dining halls, 30, 35, 36, 150 DISTAFF . 19, (33) Divinity School, 154 DIXIE FOUR, 67 Dollard, John, 159 DONS, THE, 112 Dormitories, Freshmen, 20, 149 Dormitories, V^omen's, 45, 149 Dormitory proctors, 35, 149 Douglass, Elinor, 119 Dow, Mr. and Mrs. Neal, 25, 151 DRAMATIC SOCIETY, 83 Drinking among students, 32 DUCAT , THE DUKE , 22 DUCHESS, 20 ,se ,< or frx'\ ne 'UJ.J. ■ ■■;-• f I DUKE AMBASSADORS, 79, (34) Dug DOLPHIN , 151 FU^ ENGINEER , 135 g^ 'H' RJCHBSS , 20, 21. 22, (34) 15WS PlAYERS, 83, 85, (35) DUKE SOCIETY OP MECHAHICAl ENGHJEERS, 137 DUKE UNIVERSITY CHURCH, 59 DUKE UNIVERSITY DAMES, 158 Dunlap, Jack W, , 34 DUPLIN COUNTY CLUB, 148, (36) DURHAM HIGH SCHOOL CLUB, 149, (36^ Dtirham. R. L. , 128 Diirhain Recorder , 18 DURHAM STAMP CLUB, 156 ECONOMICS CLUB, 140 Edgerton, Charles David, 109 Edmondson, L. H. , 32, 34 EDUCATION CLUB, 144 Edwards, C, W. , 134 EJECTION CLUB, 159 EKO-L, 128, (36) Elder, Bill, 80 Ellwood, Charles A., 144 Enrployment Service, "Y", 54 Engineering students, 39, 150 ENGINEERS' CLUB, 135, 150, (37) ENGIKEERS' POHUM, 57, 136 ENGLISH CLUB, GRADUATE, 27, 145 Enrollment, 5, 44 EPISCOPAL VESTRY, 58, (37) EPSILON ALPHA SIGMA, 107 ERASMUS CLUB, 158 ERO MATIAN SOCIETY, 10, (37) EVERGREEN , THE, 15 EXPLORERS' CLUB, 156, 161, (37) EX-SERVICE MEN'S CLUB 150, (37) FACULTY CLUB, 158 Panning, J. D. , 132 Parries, James J., 13 Peering, Roller t B., 70, 71 FENCING CLUB, 91 Ferris, Dotiglas, 98 Few. William P. , 28 137 Fictitious organizations, 159 FLAES, 159 FLORIDIAN CLUB, 147, (38) FLYING CLUB, 157 Foard, Henry Gilbert, 18 FOLIO CLUB, 158 FOLKLORE SOCIETY, 13, (38) Football, 90 FOOTBALL CLUB, 90 Forensics, 5 FOREST-BIOLOGY CLUB, 133 FORESTRY CLUB, 133 FORSYTHE COUNTY CLUB, 148, (38) FORTNIGHTLY CLUB, 12* FORUM CLUB, 24. (38) Forum Committee, VSG, 46, (39) FRATERNITY PAN-HELLENIC COUNCIL, 32, 34, 35, 37, 42. 113. (39) Freemasonry, 112 FRENCH CLUB, 25, (39) FRESHMAN ADVISERS, 48, 56 FRESHMAN ADVISORY COUNCIL, 42 Freshman caps. 30 FRESHMAN COMMISSI ON, YVCA. 56, (40) Freshman dormitories. 20, 149 FRESHMAN FRIENDSHIP COUNCIL. 55, (40) FRESHMAN SCHOLASTIC ADVISORY COUNCIL, 130 Fuller, Ralph, 13 FUTURE TEACHERS CLUBS, Addenda GAMIU DELTA, 26 GAMMA ETA GAMMA, 142. (40 ) GARDEN CLUB. 156 Gardiner. Anne. 156 GARDNER-FQR-GOVERNOR CLUB 52 GASTON COUNTY CLUB. 148. (40) Gaston. W. G. . 24 Gates. A. M.. 23 Gates. Mrs. ArthTir M,. 55 Geographical clubs. 146 Gerard. Frank. 79 GERMAN CLUB. 25. (40) Gibbons. Virginia, 120 Gibson, A. B. , 13 Gilbert, Alan H. , 14 GILES HOUSE. 149, (41 ) Gill. W, F. . 24 "Gillander Act." 37 !?SX .'^r rc .os: . 138 Oillespie, J, Stewart, 20 Glasson, W. H., 48, 129 Glasson, Mrs, W H, , 55 GLEE CLUB Ami OHCHBSTBA ASSN.. 68, 76, (41) GLEE CLUB MENS, 65, (4l) GLEE CLUb| WOMEN'S, 68, (42) Glover, "Foots," 78 GOBLINS, 110, (43) GOLP CLUB, 91, (43) Gore, H^ Grady, 98 Grade School Clubs, Durham, 56 GRADUATE CLUB, 160, (43) GRADY LITERARY SOCIETY, 10 GRAND CONSOLIDATED GLEE-BANJO-HAEPSI- CHQED- CLEVIS CLUB, 65, 68 GRAND DUKES, 80 GRAND STAND CLUB, 160 GRANVILLE COUNTY CLUB, 148, (43a) Grayson, Allan 151 GREATER DUKE ctUB, 28, (43a) GRIATEIR TRINITY CLUB, 28, 44, (43a) Greek, 23 Gregory, Claiborne, 9 Griffin, Gerald, 98 GUILFORD COUNTY CLUB, 148, (44) HILL-EL, 118, (49) Hinde, B. C, 134 Hirst, Donald V., 42 HISTORICAL SOCIETY, Trinity College, 145, (49), (109) Hodges, John Daniel, 102 Hoffman, U. N., 17 Holland, Philemon, 106 Holmes, Reid T. , 97 Holt, Ivan Lee, 62 Holt, Malcolm, 157 Honeycutt, A, Wilson, 161 Honeycutt, W^ J,, 154 HONOR COUNCIL OP School of Medicine, 139 Honors in graduating classes, (50) Honor system, undergraduate, 30 HOOF AND HORN CLUB, 82, 116 HOOVER CLUB, 52 HOTEL CLUB, 150 House of Representatives, 31 Hov/erton, Edgar M. , 66 Huckahee Fund, 60 HUGHES LAW CLUB, 142 HUMAN NATURE CLUB, 159 Huston, Ted, 80 Hutchings, C, M. , 24 HADES CLUB, 161, (44) Hall, Louise, 119 Hammer, Mme. Borgny, 85 Hamrick, John M, , 34 Hancock, Robert, 151 HAND BALL ASSN. , 90 Hansel, Johnny, 80 HAPPY FOUR qUARTST, 67 HARMON-FOR-PEESIDENT CLUB, 52 HARNETT COUNTY CLUB, 148, (45) Harriss, R, P. , 13 * Harte, Sheldon, 51 Hatcher, Bob, 93 Hatley, C. C, 134 "Hell Week," 114 Hendricks on, Horace, 34 Herring, Herbert J., 8, 57, 86 HESPERIAN LI^nSRARY SOCIETY, 7, 17. 23, (45) HESPERIAN UNION, 8, 51, (48) Hickman, Frank S. , 60 HIKING CLUB, 156 ICH DIENE CLUB, 160 Inaugural Ball, 30 INDEPENDENT . TEE DUKE , 22 Independent Party, 38, 97 Inspection, Committee of, 35 INSTRUl^CENTAL MUSIC ASSN.. 70, 85, (6l) Inter-Campus Relations Committee, (61 ) Addenda INTERNATIONAL CLUB, 147, (6l) INTERSTATE PROGRESSIVE CLUB, 147, (6l) IOTA GAMMA PI, 132, (6l) IREDELL LAW CLUB, 143 I SIGNA PHI, 159 ISOTES, 124, (62) IVY, 131, (62) JARVIS HOUSE, 149, (62) Jazz music, 74 e » "^ • t .53 . 139 Jeffers, Katherine, 134 Jennings, Bill, 91 Jordan, Charles E,, 2, 86 JOURNALISM CLUB, 14 JUNIOR BIG SISTERS, 48, (62) KADAVRE CLUB, 139 KAPPA ALPHA, 34. 105, 113, (63) KAPPA ALPHA THETA, 120, (63) KAPPA DELTA., 117, 121, (63) KAPPA DELTA PI , 144, (64) KAPPA KAPPA GAMMA, 122, (64) KAPPA KAPPA PSI, 82, (65) KAPPA SIGMA, 96, 105, 113, (66) KEYS CLUB, 97, 101, 112, (66) Kidd, Stephen, 161 Kllgo, Fannie, 116 Kilgo-Gattis Case, 16 Kilgo House, 20 Kilgo, John Carlisle, 15, 28, 60, 105 "King Paucus," 34 K ing ' s Daughters • Hoiae , 56 Kramer, Paul, 133 LAMBDA CHI ALPHA, 22, 106, (66) LAMBDA PHI GAMI^IA, 82 Laney, Nick, 77, (l4) Langs ton, John Dallas, 109 Language clubs, 23 Lassiter. Bill. 77 Latin, 23 LAUGHING ASSN., 159 Law, R, A., 105 Law School Guild, 143 LEAGUE OF NATIONS, 146, (68) LEAGUE OP v;OMEN VOTERS, 44. 48, (68) Lee, John D,, Jr., 154 Leftwich, George E. (Jelly), 69, 71 Legal Aid Clinic, 56 Legal fraternities, 141 LehrTsach, Chip, 77, Addenda LeSourd, H. M., 108 Lewis, LeRoy, 8 Lewis, Modena, 160 Lewis, Richard q. , 39 LIBERAL CLUB, 50 Liberalism, faculty and student, 32 Libraries of literary societies, 7 Litaker, Lucille, 56 Literary clubs, 11 Liquor legalized, 33 Londow, E, J., 24 Long, Johnny, 71, 73, 78, (68) LOST CHORD (QUARTET, 67 Lundeberg, 0, K. , 26 LUTHER LEAGUE, 58, (68) LYCURGIAN LITERARY SOCIETY, 11 Mage 8, Douglas, 143 Manchester, Alan K. , 130 MANDOLIN CLUB, 72, 76 MANDOLIN CLUB WOMEN'S, 70, 73 MARqfJIS, LES,'93 MASONIC CLUB, 112 MATHEMATICS CLUB, 134 Matthews, R. T. McCracken, Charles W. , 42 McCrary, J, Ray., 128 McDermott, Malcolm, 57, 144 McDowell county club, i48, (68) McMillin, E. R. (Dutch), 79 MECKLENBURG COUNTY CLUB, 148, (68) Medical societies, 138 MENDACITY CLUB, 159 MEN'S STUDENT GOVERNMENT, 28, 42, 50, (69) Merritt, A. H. , 24 Merritt, Ruth Willard, 44 Messenkopf, Phil, 80 METHODIST STUDENTS' UNION, 51, 58, (70) Metz, Jean, 120, 144 Military clubs, 150 MILK BROTHERS QPARTET, 67 Miller, Garfield, 39 Miller, Justin, 156 MINISTERIAL ASSN.. UNDERGRADUATE, 50. 60. (71) Mitchell, Phil, 157 MODERN DANCE GROUP, 94, 160 MONTGOMERY COUNTY CLUB, 148, (72) Moorhead, John, 20 MOOT COURT, 141 MORDECAI LAW CLUB, 141, (72) Moss, Florence, 60 Motion pictures, 86 CK ^ (l^V . r^c ,oOX / j8 .coTxrJoxix no 140 Motley, Doiaglas, 79 MOUNTAIN BOOMERS' CLUB, 147, (72) Mouzon, Mrs, J, C, 119 MU KAPPA KLAN, 110 MU LAMBDA, 122 Music, 54, 65, 85 MUSICAL CLUBS, 69, (72) MUSICAL CLUBS, WOMEN'S, 70 MUSIC STUDY CLUB, 81, 85, (73) I4UTUAL AID-TO-THB- STUCK SOCIETY, 159 NASH COOTTTY CLUB, 148, (74) National Youth Administration, 51, 87 NATURAL HISTORY CLUB. 132, (74) NAtJSEATING ORDER OF CHBWERS, 159 NAVAL CLUB, 150, (74) NEEDLEWORK GUILD, 156, (74) Negro employees, 35 Nelson, E. W, , 13, 109 NEREIDIAU CLUB^ 94, (75) Nesljitt, William R. , 42, 140 NEWCOMERS' CLUB, 158 KEW HANOVER COUNTY CLUB, 148, (75) Night club, 79 NIKETY-NIHETEEN, iv. 11. 14, 127. (75) Norman, William Capers. 102 NORTHAMPTON COUNTY CLUB, 148 NROTC CLUB, 151 NU BETA PHI, 118, (75) Nursing School, 156 Nushaum, Herhert S., ii NU SIGMA, 132, (76) NU SIGM NU, 138, 139, (76) Nye, Senator Gerald P., 50 Odell, Robert H. , 157. 158 OPPICSHS' CLU3, 150, (76) OMEGA, 113 OMICRON CHI EPSILQN, 62, (76) OMICRON DELTA KAPPA, 130, (77) OMICRdT KAPPA, 130 Orators, Wiley Gray, 6 f! 0RCHESI3, 160 ORCHESTRA, CONCERT, 71 ORCHESTRA, WCMBN'S, 70, 73, (8l) ORIGINAL RESEARCH SOCIETY, 159 Otis, James 0,, Jr., 34 OUR GANG, 113 OVERALL CLUB, 161 OWLS, 113 PAGE-FOR-GOVERNOR CLUB, 52 Page, Walter Hines, 101 Palais d'Or Night Club, 79 PAN-AMERICAN CLUB, 146, (82) Pan-Hellenic House. 116 PARK SCHOOL ATHLETIC ASSN. , 89 PARK SCHOOL GAZETTE, 17, 23 Parker, W, G. , 105 PARTHENON CLUB, 34, (82) Parties, Political, 38 Patrick, Ben M. , 161 Patterson, Carmen, 157 Patterson, Prof. K, B., 72 Patterson, Mrs. K. B., 68 Pawling, Arthur S., 97 Payton, Jack, 80 PEACE AGENT , 23, 152 Peace conference, 50 Peele, W. W., 55 PEGASUS, 93 Pegram, William Howell, 102, 131 PEGRAM CHEMISTRY CLUB, 133, (82) PEGRAI4 HOUSE, 149, (83) RENTE, 108 Peppier, C. W. , 57, 129 Peppier. Mrs. C, W. , 57 PERSON COUNTT CLUB, 148, (83) Persons, Elizabeth Anderson, 131 PERSONAL ADVISERS, 48 PHI.THS: DUKE , 22 PHI WS£YS^?k, 129 PHI BETA PI, 138, 139, (83) PHI CHI, 138, 139, (84) PHI DELTA PHI, 142, (84) PHI DELTA THBTA, 22, 96, 106, (84) PHI ETA SIGM, 130, (85) PHI KAPPA DELTA, 113 PHI KAPPA PSI, 107, (85) PHI KAPPA SIGMA, 108, (86) PHI "MU, 122, (87) PHI SIGMA, 132, (87) PHI SIGMA DELTA, 96, 108, (88) PHONOGRAPHERS' CLUB, 161, (88) ^; , . aCi. , ■-■ ' ^ t - ..-X ,Ti c . i:f 141 (89) 52 PHOTOGRAPHERS' UWION, 155 PHYSICS CLUB, 134, (88) Physioc, Martha, 119 PI BETA PHI, 122, (88) PI BPSILQN PI, 108, (89) PI GAMMA MU, 144, (90) PI KAPPA ALPHA, 109, 113, PI KAPPA PHI, 109, (90) PI MU EPSILON, 134, (90) Piper, R. a., 65 PITT COUNTY CLUB, 148, (9l) Pitts, J, M,, 161 Plyler, A. W. and M. T. , 128 POETRY CLUB, (Sl), Addenda Police, University, 35 Political groups, Chap, III, POLI'IY CLUB, 9, 49. (9l) PRE-MSDICAL SOCIETY, 140, (9l) PRESBYTERIAN STUDENT GROUP, 58 PRESIDENTS' CLUB, 47, (92) PRESS ASSOCIATION, 13, (92) PRESSING CLUB, lei Prayer, Al, 78 Priddy, John W, , 157, 158 Princeton University, 153 PRIT CHARD-PARKER CLUB, 52 Proctor, A. M,, 24, 110 Proctors, dormitory, 35, 149 PSI DELTA SIG14A, 109, (92) PS I KAPPA ALPHA, 140 Publications, 14, 35 Publications Board, 12, 20, 21, 30 Publicity Writer, First. 14 QUADRANGLE PICTURES, 55, 86, 113 QUILL CLUB, 14, (92) Radio broadcasting, 66 Radio Station WDNC, 78 Ragtime music, 74 Ratchford, B. U. , 151 REBELS, 113 Recreation Center, 30 RED CROSS, 30, 44, 151 RED FRIARS, 129, (93) REGARDLESS FRUIT CLUB, 159 RELIGIOUS DRAMA GUILD, 63, 84, (94) RELIGIOUS EDUCATION ASSN. , 63 Religious Emphasis Week, 54, 60 REPUBLICAN CLUB, 52 RESERVE OFFICERS' TRAINING CORPS, 150 "Revolt" of 1934, 31 RIDING CLUB, 93, (96) RIFLE AND PISTOL CLUB, 157, (96) ROBERSON COUNTY CLUB, 148, (96) Roberts, Dr. Christopher, 34 Robbins, W. N., 106 Romance Languages Dept., 25 Roush, Ben, 79 ROYAL DUKE ORCHESTRA, 77 RUTHBHFQHD COLLEGE CLUB 149, (96) (96) (98) SALON FRANC AISS, 25 SAMPSON COUNTY CLUB. 148, SANDALS, 47, (97) SANDFIDDLERS' CLUB, 147, (97) SATURDAY NIGHT CLUB. 11, 158 Schaub, Berkley, 20 Schendorf, Hllliard, 21, 22, 97 Schleyer, Johnn I^tin, 27 SCHOLA CAVEAT, 51 SCHOOL OF RELIGION ASSN., 50, 61, SCIENCE CLUB, 131, (97) SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY, 131, SCOUT LEADERS' CLUB, SCRUB FACULTY, 160, Seeley, W. J., 137 SEIN FEIGNER , 23 Seeman, Ernest , 156 Shackford, Joe, 32, Shields, John H. , 141 Shinn, Franklin, 13 Shinn, John L., 40 SIG, THB DUKS , 22 TI5l4A~5IJ'irEPSIL0N, 109, (98) SIGMA SLPHA OMEGA, 108, (99) Slffl^IA BETA, 122 SIGMA CHI, 22, 110, (99) SIGMA DELTA, 107. 121 SIGMA DELTA PI, 26, (lOO) SIGMA DELTA PSI , 93 SIGMA GAMMA, 111 SIGMA KAPPA. 123, (lOO) SICK«IA MU, 113 SIGMA NU, 110, IlOl) (97) 161 (98) 34 -I . 142 SIGiU mj PHI, 141, (101) SIGMA PHI EPSILON, 111, 113, (lOl) SIGMA PI SIGMA 134, (l02) SIGI-IA SIGMA ALPHA, 159 SIGr^A TAU, 120 SIGMA TAd ALPHA, 113 SIGIU TAU DELTA, 27, 145, (102) SlOrlU. UPSILON, 12, 13, (l02) SIGMA XI, 132, (103) Slier, Beal H. , 90 Simmons, P. M. , 101 Sington, Pred, 111 SMITH CLTJB, AL, 52 Smith, Richard A, , 34 Smithdeal, Edward Octavius, 109 Social Standards Committee, 46 S0CI3TE FHANCAISE, 25, (l03) SOCIETY PQR THE PEOPAGATION OP GOOD COMDUCT, 159 SOUS ML DAUGHTERS OP DUKE ALUMNI, 161 SOPHOMORE CaiMISSIOW, YWCA, 56, (l03) SOPHOMORE COUNCIL, YMCA, 55, (103) SORORITY PAN-HELLENIC COUNCIL, 44, 116, (104) South Atlantic Qyiarterly , 14, 128 SOUTH CAROLINA CLUB, 147, (l04) SOUTHERN INDEX, 15 S outhern Peace-Action Movement, 23, 152 SOUTHGATE DORMITORY, 39, 150 SOUTHGATE DRAMATIC CLUB, 84 SOUTHGATE GARDEN CLUB, 156 SPANISH CLUB, 26 Spence, H. E., 10, 55, 85 SprinKLe, Rehecca Zirkpatrick, iv STAG CLUB, 104 Stamaton, Jack, 20, 21 Stamp CluT3, 156 STANLEY COONTY CLUB, 148. (105) STENOGRAPHERS' CLUB, 161, (105) Stewart, Rohert P., 20 STIRRUPS, 91 Stokes, Tom, 18 Store, University, 35 STORY-TELLERS ' RING IN DUKE POREST, 160 St owe, W. McPerrin, 154 STRING BAND, 75 STRING QUARTET, 70 Student Activities Office, ii, 161 Student Board, WSG, 47 STUDENT CONGRESS, 9, 49 Student Government, See Men's Assn. Woman's College Government Student Relations Committee, 33 STUDENT RBLIGICXJS COUNCIL, 59, (l05a) STUDENT VOLUNTEERS, 22, 51, 62, (l05) Sullivan, Jake, 34 Sunday School, 57 SURRY COUNTY CLUB, 148, (106) Swett, P. H., 140 SWING KINGS, 80 Swing music, 74 "T" Cluh, 92, (106) Tally, Joe, 9, 49 Tate, Robert S,, 62 TAU KAPPA ALPHA 9, (106) TAU PS I aCBGA, 25, (I07a) TADRIAN PLAYERS, 83, (106) Taylor, Harry P., 110 TENNESSEE CLUB, 147, (l07) TENNIS ASSOCIATION 89, (l07) TERPSICHOREAN SOClilTY, 160 Terry, William Leake, 103 THEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 60 THETA ALPHA PHI, 84, (l07) THBTA DELTA, 117, 123 THETA KAPPA PSI , 138 THETA NU EPSILON, 112 THETA PHI, 62, (l08) THIRTEEN CLUB, 112 Thomas, Norman, 50 TOMBS, 20, 91, (108) TOWN BOYS' CLUB, (l07a) , Addenda TOWN GIRLS' CLUB, 47, (l08) TRAVEL AGENCY, 161 TRIDENT CLUB, 42, 93, (109) TRINITY COLLEGE HISTORICAL SOCIETY, 145, (49), (109) TRINITY GAZETTE, 15, 16 TRINITY' MAGAZISE , 15, 16 Trinity Park School, 10, 23 Trinity Park School Club, 149, (109) Trinity Prep , 23 TROUBADOUR BAND, 76 Tuesday Evening Recitals, 85 Tunnell, Ross, 161 Twaddell, Preeman, 13 Twilight Horseback Riders, 91 Typing Bureau, 161 { c (?.•: GC. « ( ,i»» (?ci) .e> V - * \ : . * f ( ^b ,3l 143 Ukulele ladies, 74 Umstead, Kate &., 34 UNDSHGRADUAOS WRITERS, 12, (llO) UNION CCOTTY CSLUB^ 148, (llO) Union Institute Educational Society, 54 UNIVERSITY CLUB QRCHESCRA, 69, (llO) University of North Carolina, 7, 11, 16, 30, 98, 108, 138 Upchurch, Maude, 10 UpchTirch, W. M. , Jr., ii, 68, 86 Utermoehlen, W. J., 65 VARSITY CLUB, 92 V. D. W., 116 VEUHRAITS OF FUTURE WARS, 153, 154, (ill) Victory Ball, 30. 42 VIRGINIA CLUB, 147, (112) "Vision of Zing Paucus," 34 Wiley Gray Speakers, 6,(l25) Wilkinson, A, A., 13, 155 Wilkinson, Julia, 74 WILSON COUNTY CLUB, 149, (115) Wilson, Mary Grace*, 124 Wilson, R. N., 133, 161 Wine and beer made legal, 32 Winningham, Theodore, 102 V/interson, Howard, 79 Winton, Ernest, 97, 101 Woman's College established, 19 WOMAN'S COLLEGE GOVERNMENT, 43, 50, (115) WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION, 62 WOODROW WILSON CLUB, 52 Wright Refuge, 56 WRITERS' CLUB, 11, (117) VOLAPUK CLUB, 27 Vollmer, Clement, 109 VOLUNTETilR THE, 22 XI ailCRON, 119 Wade, Coach Wallace, 34 WAKE COUNTY CLUB, 148, (ll2) Wallace, J. W. , 141 Wannamaker, Dean W, H. , 34 War Relief Society, British, 151 War Savings Societies, 44, 151 Warren, C, S,, 24 WARREl^ COUNTY CLUB, 148, (112) WARRENTON HIGH SCHOOL CLUB, 149, (112) WAYNE CCUNTY CLUB, 149, (112) Weaver, Abram, 7 WEATER COLLEGE CLUB, 149, (112) WEBB SCHOOL CLUB, 149, (113) Weeks, Stephen B, , 145 West, A. T., 83 WEST DURHAM HIGH SCHOOL CLUB, 149, (113) White Combine, 38 WHITE DUCHY, 129, (113) White, E. L., 106 White, N. I., 13, 23, 34 WHITS WITCH DRAMATIC CLUB. 84 Yelanjian, Louis J., 58 YELLOW DOGS, 112 YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSN., 37, 42, 50, 53, 86, 152, (117) YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSN., 44, 50, 55, (118) York, Brantley, 53 ZETA BETA TAU, 108, 111, (119) ZETA TAU ALPHA, 123, (119) .vr Duke University Libraries D025892991