DUKE 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
V 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2016 
 
 ■ • * 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 
 https://archive.org/details/lifeofthricenoblOOnewc 
 
1 hue in this dent}'- Lane when they our, 
 
 Tel line/ of Tales of pleasure k of wilt . 
 
 Hcer you may read without a Sinn or Crime. 
 TLnd how more innocently pa/s your d me 
 
THE 
 
 LIFE 
 
 \ 1 * 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Thrice Noble, High and Puiftant PRINCE 
 
 William Cavendiflie, 
 
 Duke, Marquefs, and Earl of Newcajlle ; Earl 
 of Ogle; Vi fcount Mansfield ; and Baron of 
 Bolfover, of Ogle, Bothal and Hepple : Gentle- 
 man of His Majefties Bed-chamber ; one of His 
 Majefties moft Honourable Privy-Councel ; 
 Knight of the moft Noble Order of the Garter ; 
 His Majefties Lieutenant of the County and 
 Town of Nottingham ; and Juftice in Ayre 
 Trent-North : who had the honour to be Gover- 
 nour to our moft Glorious King., and Gracious 
 Soveraign, in his Youth, when He was Prince 
 of Wales ; and fbon after was made Captain Ge- 
 neral of all the Provinces beyond the River of 
 Trent, and other Parts of the Kingdom of Eng - 
 land, with Power, by a {pedal Commiflion, to 
 make Knights. 
 
 WRITTEN 
 
 By the thrice Noble, Illuflrious, and Excellent Princefs, 
 MARGARET, Duchefsof Newcaftle, 
 
 His Wife . 
 
 LONDON, 
 
 Printed by A. Maxwell ', in the Year 1667. 
 
MAJESTY 
 
 Charles the Second, 
 
 By the Grace of God , of England \ Scotland \ France 
 and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith^c. 
 
 May it pleafe Tour Majefly , 
 
 Have, in confidence of your Gracious ac- 
 ceptance^ taken the boldnefs, or rather the 
 preemption, to dedicate to Your Majefly 
 this fhort Hiflory (which is as full of Truths,as words) 
 of the A&ions and Sufferings of Your moll Loyal 
 Subjeft , my Lord and Husband ( by Your Ma je- 
 tties late favour) Duke of Newcdftle ; who when Y our 
 Ma jetty was Prince of JFales, was Your moft careful 
 Governour, and honeft Servant. Give me there- 
 fore leave to relate here, that I have heard him often 
 
 
fay, He loves Your Royal Perfon fo dearly, that He 
 would moll willingly, upon all occafions, facrifice 
 his Life and Pofterity for Y our Ma;efty : whom that 
 Heaven will ever ble/s, is the Prayer of 
 
 Tour mofl Obedient , Loyal, 
 
 humble SubjeU 
 
 and Servant. 
 
 Margaret Newcaftle. 
 
 ♦ 
 
 T O 
 
 / 
 
TO HIS 
 
 G R ACE 
 
 • T H E 
 
 3 * . . 
 
 Duke of Newcaftle. 
 
 My Noble Lord., 
 
 I T hath always been my hearty Prayer to ( Jod , fince I 
 have been your Wife, That firfl I might prove an honejl 
 and good Wife, whereof your Grace muft be the onely Judg : 
 Bfext, That God would be p leafed to enable me to fet 
 forth and declare to after* ages, the truth of your loyal a&ions 
 and endeavours, for the fervice of your King and Country * 
 F or the accomplifhing of which defgn, I have followed the 
 befl and trued Obfervations of your Secretary John Rol- 
 lefton., and your Lor dfhip own Relations, and have ac*- 
 cordingly writ the Hifory of your Lordfhip Life, which 
 although I have endeavoured to render asperfpicuous as e- 
 vcr I could, yet one thing I fnd hath much darhped it ; 
 
 (a) which 
 
which is, that your Cjrace commanded me not to mention 
 any thing or pajfage to the prejudice or difgrace of any F a* 
 mily or particular perfon ( although they might be of great 
 truth, and would illufrate much the actions of your LifeJ 
 which I have dutifully performed to fat is fie your Lordfioip, 
 wbofe Nature is fio Generous, that you are as well pleafedto oh - 
 feme the faults of your Enemies , as you are to divulge the 
 vertues of your F r lends ; And certainly ,. My Lord, you have 
 had as many Enemies, and as many F riends,as ever any one 
 particular perfon had ; and 1 pray God to forgive the one, 
 andprofper the other : Nor do I fio much 'ponder at it , fiincc 
 I, a Woman, cannot be exempt from the malice and afper- 
 fions of fpightful tongues, which they cafl upon my poor 
 V/ritings , fame denying me to be the true Authorefs of 
 them ; for your Grace remembers well, that thofe Booby 
 I put out firfi, to the judgment of this cenforious Age, were 
 accounted not to be written by a Woman, but that fame body 
 elfa had writ andpubliJFd them in my Name by which 
 your Lordjhip was moved to prefix an Epiflle before one of 
 them in my vindication, wherein you affitre the world upon 
 your honour , That what was written and printed in my 
 name ,w as my own and I have alfa made kpiown, that your 
 Lordjhip was my onely Tutor , in declaring to me what you 
 had found and obferved by your own experience * for I being 
 young when your Lordjhip married me, could not have much 
 tyiowledg of the world But it p leafed God to command his 
 Servant Nature to indue me with Poetical andThilofa- 
 phical Genius, even from my Birth', for I did write fame 
 
 • ‘Booty 
 
‘Booths in that tyndloefore l was twelve years of Age y which 
 for want of good method and order y I would never divulge . 
 But though the world would not believe that thofe Concep- 
 tions and Fancies which I writ y were my own y but tran~ 
 fcended my capacity y yet they found fault y that they were 
 defective for want of Learning \ and on the other fde y they 
 faid I had plucty Feathers out of the Vniv erf ties ; which 
 was a very prepofterous judgment . Truly My Lord y I con - 
 ffs that for want of Scholarfhip y I could not exprefs my 
 Jelf fo well as otberwife. I might have done y in thofe Philofo- 
 phical Writings I publifdd firf ; but after I was returned 
 with your Lordjhip into my Native Country y and led a re - 
 tired Country life y I applied my felf to threading of Philo- 
 fophical <*Jl uthors y of purpofe to learn thofe names and 
 words of Art that are ufedin Schools ; which at frfl were fo 
 hard to me y that I could not under f and them y but was 
 
 4 
 
 fain to guefs at the fenfe of them by the whole context y and 
 f writ them down as I found them in thofe Authors y at 
 which my Readers did wonder y and thought it impojfible 
 that a Woman could have fo much Learning and Vnder - 
 flanding in "Terms of Art y andScholaflical Exprejfions ; 
 fo that I and my Booty are hty the old Apologue mention d 
 in JE(6 p ^ of a Fat her y and his Son y who rid on an Afi 
 through a Town when his Father went onFoot y at which 
 fight the People fhouted and cried fhame y that a youngBoy 
 fhould ride y and let his F at her y an old man, go on Foot: 
 whereupon the old Man got upon the Afs y and let his Son 
 go by ; but when they came to the next Town y the People 
 
 exclaimed 
 
exclaimed again fl the Father, that he a lufiy man JJoculd 
 ride, and have no more pity of hit young and tender child, 
 but let him go on foot : Then bo th the Father and hit Son 
 got upon the Aft, and coming to the third Town, the Peo- 
 ple blamed them both for being founconfcionablc at to over- 
 burden the poor Aft with their heavy weight : After tbit 
 both Father and Son went on foot, and led the Aft * and 
 when they came to the fourth Town, the People railed at 
 much at them at ever the former had done, and called them 
 both Fools, for going on foot, when they had aFeafi able to 
 carry them. The old Man, feeing he could not pie afe Man- 
 
 hpndin any manner, and having received fo many blemifhet 
 and afperfiont , for the fahg of hit Aft, was at laft refolded to 
 drown him when he came to the next bridg. But I am 
 not fo pajfionate to burn my Writings for the variont hit - 
 mourt of Mankind , and for their finding fault , fnce 
 tkereis nothing in this world, be it the nob left and mofl com- 
 mendable affion whatfoever, that jhallefcape blameleft. At 
 for my being the true and onely Authoreft of them, your 
 Lordjhip fnows beft, and my attending Servants are wit- 
 nefs that I have had none but my own Thoughts, Fancies 
 and Speculations to ajffl me • and as f ion at I have fet them 
 down, I fend them to thofe that are to tranfcribe them,, and 
 fit them for the Prefi;whereof fnce there have been fever al, 
 and among ft themfuch at onely could write a good hand, but 
 neither under food Orthography, nor had any Learning (/ 
 being then in banifhment with your Lordjhip, and not able 
 to maintain learned Secretaries J which hath been a great 
 
difadvantage to my poor worby, and the cauje that they have 
 been printed Jo falfe , and fofull of Errors * for befides that ' 
 I want alfothe sfyll of Scholarfhip and true Writing , I did 
 many times not pemfe the Copies that were tranfcribed, leji 
 they Jhould difturb my following Conceptions ; by which neg- 
 leB, as I faid, many Errors are flipt into my Worlds, which 
 yet I hope Learned and Impartial Readers will foon re* 
 Bifie , andloolymore upon the fenfe , then carp at wcrds. I 
 have been a Student even from my Childhood ; andfince I 
 have beenyour Lordfhips Wife ,1 have lived for the mofl fart 
 af riB and retired Life , as isbefl hpiown to your Lordjhip, 
 and therefore my C enfurers cannot tyiow much of me, fince 
 they have little or 'no acquaintance with me : Lis true, I 
 have been a Traveller both before and after I was married 
 to your Lordfhip, and fometimesfhewmy felf at your Lord- 
 jhips Command in Publicly places or AJfemblies but yet I 
 converfe with few. Indeed, My Lord, I matter not the 
 Cenfures of this Age, but am rather proud of them ; for it 
 fhews that my ABions are more then ordinary, and accord- 
 ing to the old Proverb, It is better to be Envied., then 
 Pitied : for I fytow well, that it is meerly out of fpight and 
 malice, whereof tbisprefent vAge is fofull, that none can 
 efcape them, and they l ma^e no doubt to (lain even Your 
 Lordfhips Loyal, Noble and Heroicl ^ ABions , as well as 
 they do mine, though yours have been of War and Fight- 
 ing, mine of Contemplating and Writing : Tours were 
 performed publicly in the Field , mine privately in my 
 Clofet : Yours had many thoufand Eye-witnejJes, mine none 
 
 (b) but 
 
but my W nting-maids . But the Great God that hath 
 hitherto blefs d both Tour Grace and me y will y I queftion 
 not y prefer ve both our Fames to after Ages y for -which we 
 jhall be bound moft humbly to actyiowledg his great Mercy; 
 and I my fe If as long as I live y be 
 
 Y our Graces Honeft W ife, 
 
 and Humble Servant 
 
 -/ ' -I 
 
 M. NEWCASTLE. 
 
 THE 
 
 v T ,f. •• • i ’ ■ . . ’ 
 
I 
 
 THE 
 
 EFACE 
 
 Hen I firft Intended to write this Hiftory, 
 knowing my felf to be no Scholar, and as 
 ignorant of the Rules of writing Hiflo- 
 ries, as I have in my other Works acknowledg’d my 
 felf to be of the Names and Terms of Art ; I defired 
 my Lord, That he would be pleafed to let me have 
 fome Elegant and Learned Hiftorian to afliftmejwhich 
 requeft his Grace would not grant me ; laying, That 
 having never had any Aliiftance in the writing of 
 my former Books, I fhould have no other in the wri- 
 ting of his Life, but the Informations from himlelf^ 
 and his Secretary, of the chief Tranfa&ionsand For- 
 tunes occurring in it, to the time he married me. I 
 humbly anlwer’d, That without a learned Affiftant, 
 the Hiftory would be defective : But he replied. That 
 Truth could not' be defe&ive. I laid again , That 
 
 Rhetorick 
 
The Preface. 
 
 R hetorick did adorn Truth : And he anfwer'd, That 
 Rhetorick was fitter for Falftioods then Truths. Thus 
 I was forced by his Graces Commands, to write this 
 Hiftory in my own plain Style, without elegant Flou- 
 riftiings, or exquifit Method, relying intirely upon 
 Truth, in the expreffing whereof, I have been very 
 circumlped ; as knowing well, that his Graces A&i- 
 onshave fb much Glory of their own, that they need 
 borrow none from any bodies Induftry. 
 
 Many Learned Men, I know, have published 
 Rules and Dire&ions concerning the Method and 
 Style of Hiftories, and do with great noile, to little 
 purpole, make loud exclamations againft thofcHifto- 
 rians, that keeping clofe to the Truth of their Narra^ 
 tions, cannot think it neceflary to follow flavilhly fuch 
 Inftru&ions ; and there is fome Men of good llnder- 
 ftandings, as I have heard, that applaud very much 
 leveral Hiftories, meerly for their Elegant Style, and 
 welFobferv’d Method , fetting a high value upon feign- 
 ed Orations, myftical Defigns, and fancied Policies, 
 which are, at the beft, but pleafant Romances, 
 thers approve, in the Relations of W ars, and of Mi- 
 litary A&ions, fuch tedious Defcriptions, that the 
 Reader, tired with them, will imagine that there was 
 more time (pent in Alfaulting, Defending, and taking 
 of a Fort, or a petty Garifbn , then Alexander did 
 employ in conquering the greateft part of the World v 
 which proves. That fuch Hiftorians regard more their 
 
 own 
 
The Preface . 
 
 —5 — — ~ — n " 
 
 own Eloquence, Wit and Induftry, and the know-* 
 ledg they believe to have of the Adions of War, and 
 of all manner of Governments, than of the truth of 
 the Hiftory, which is the main thing, and wherein 
 confifts the hardeft task, very few Hiftorians knowing 
 the Tranfidions they write of, and much lefs the 
 Counfels, and fecret Defigns of many different Parties, 
 which they confidently mention. 
 
 Although there be many forts of Hiftories, yet 
 thefe three are the chiefeft: i. a General Hiftory. 
 
 2. A National Hiftory. 3. A Particular Hiftory. 
 Which three forts may, not unfitly, be compared to 
 the three forts of Governments, Democracy, Arifto- 
 cracy , and Monarchy. The firft is the Hiftory of 
 the known parts and people of the World ; The fo- 
 cond is the Hiftory of a particular Nation, Kingdom 
 or Commonwealth. The third is the Hiftory of the 
 life and adions of fome particular Perfon. The firft 
 is profitable for Travellers, Navigators and Mer- 
 chants ; the fecond is pernicious, byreafon it teaches 
 fobtil Policies, begets Fadions, not onely between 
 particular Families and Perfons, but alfo between 
 whole Nations, and great Princes, rubbing old fores, 
 and renewing old Quarrels, that would otherwifehave 
 been forgotten. The laft is the moft fecure ; becaule it 
 goes not out of its own Circle, but turns on its own 
 Axis, and for the moft part, keeps within the Circum- 
 ference of Truth. The firft is Mechanical, thefecond 
 
 (c) Political, 
 
I he Preface. 
 
 Political, and the third Heroical. The firft flhould 
 onely be written by Travellers, and Navigators ; 
 The fecond by Statelmen • The third by the Prime 
 ' Adors, or the Spedators of thole Affairs and Adi- 
 ons of which they write , as Czfars Commentaries are 
 which no Pen but of fuch an Author, who was alfo A- 
 dor in the particular Occurrences , private Intrigues, 
 focret Counfels,clofeDefigns,and rare Exploits of War 
 he relates, could ever have brought to fo high Perfe- 
 dion. 
 
 This Hiflory is of the Third fort, as that is; and 
 being of the Life and Adions of my Noble Lord and 
 Husband, who hath informed me of all the particu- 
 lar paffages I have recorded, I cannot, though neither 
 Ador, nor Spedator, be thought ignorant of the 
 Truth of what I write ; Nor is it inconfiftent with my 
 being a Woman, to write of Wars, that was neither 
 between Medes and Per fans, G reefy and Trojans, Chri- 
 ftians andTurfy ; but among my own Countreymen, 
 whole Cuftoms and Inclinations, and moll of the 
 Perfons that held any conliderable Place in the Ar- 
 mies, was well known to me ; and befides all that (which 
 is above all ) my Noble and Loyal Lord did ad a 
 chief Part in that fatal T ragedy, to have defended ( if 
 humane power could have done it ) his moll Gracious 
 Soveraign, from the fury of his Rebellious Sub- 
 ;eds„ * 
 
 This 
 
The Preface . 
 
 This Hiftory being (as I have laid) of a particu- 
 lar Perfcn , his Adions, and Fortunes ; it cannot 
 be expeded, that I fhould here Preach of the begin- 
 ning of the World ; nor feem to exprefs undemand- 
 ing in the Politicks., by tedious moral Difoourfcs, with 
 long Oblervations upon the feveral forts of Govern- 
 ment that have been in Greece & Rome , and upon others 
 more modern ; I will neither endeavour to make 
 (how of Eloquence, making Speeches that never was 
 fpoken, nor pretend to great skill in War, by making 
 Mountains of Mole-hills, and telling RomanficalFal- 
 fhoods for Hiftorical Truths ; and much 1 els will I 
 write to amufe my Readers, in a myftical and allego- 
 rical Style, of the difloyal Adions of the oppofite Par- 
 ty, of the Treacherous Cowardife, Envy and Ma- 
 lice of fome Perfons, my Lords Enemies, and of the 
 ingratitude of fome of his feeming Friends ; wherein I 
 cannot better obey his Lordfhips Commands to 
 conceal thofe things, then in leaving them quite out, 
 as I do, with fobmiffion to his Lordfhips defire, from 
 whom I have learn’d Patience to overcome my Pafii- 
 ons, and Difcretion to yield to his Prudence. 
 
 Thus am I refolved to write, in a natural plain ftyle, 
 without Latin Sentences , moral Inftrudions, poli- 
 tick Defi gns, feigned Orations A or envious and ma- 
 licious Exclamations, this fhortHiftory of the Loy- 
 al, Heroick and Prudent Adions of my Noble Lord, 
 as alfo of his Sufferings , Lofies , and ill- Fortunes, 
 
 which 
 
The Preface. 
 
 which in honour and Confidence I could not fufferto 
 be buried in filence ; nor could I have undertaken fo 
 hard a task, had not my love to his Perfon, and to 
 Truth, been myEncouragerand Supporter. 
 
 I might have made this Book larger, in tranfcribing 
 (as is ordinary in Hiflories) the feveral Letters, full 
 of Affe&ion, and kind promiles he received from His 
 Gracious Sovcraign, Charles the Firft, and from his 
 Royal Confort, in the time he was in the A&ions of 
 W ar, as alfo fince the War, from his dear Soveraign 
 and Mafter, Charles the Second ; But many of the 
 former Letters having been loft, when all was loft ; I 
 thought it beft , feeing I had not them all, to print 
 none. As for Orations , which is another way of 
 fwellingthe bulk of Hiftories; it is certain, that My 
 Lord made not many; chufing rather to fight, then 
 to talk; and his Declarations having been printed al- 
 ready, it had been luperfluous to infert them in thefe 
 Narrations. 
 
 This Book would however, have been a great Vo- 
 lume, if his Grace would have given me leave to pub- 
 lift) his Enemies A&ions ; But being to write of his 
 ownoriely, I do it briefly and truly ; and not as many 
 have done, who have w 7 rittenof the late Civil War, 
 with but few Iprinklings of Truth, like as Heat-drops 
 upon a dry barren Ground ; knowing no more of the 
 Tranfa&ions of thofe Times, then what they learned 
 in the Gazets, which, for the mod part, (out of Po- 
 licy 
 
 j 
 
The Preface. 
 
 licy to amufe and deceive the People) contain nothing 
 but Falfhoods and Chimeraes; and were fuch Para- 
 fires, that after the Kings Party was over-powred, 
 the Government among the Rebels changing from 
 one Faction to another , they never mifs’d to exalt 
 highly the Merits of the chief Commanders of the then 
 prevailing fide, comparing fome of them to Mofer, 
 and fome others to all the great and mod: famous He- 
 roes, both Greeks and Romans; wherein, unawares, 
 they exceedingly commended my Noble Lord; for 
 if thole Ring-leaders of Fa&ions were fc> great men as 
 they are reported to be, by thole Time-fervers, How 
 much greater mull his Lordlhip be, who beat moll of 
 them, except the Earl of Effex y whole employment 
 was never in the Northern parts, where all the reft of 
 the greateft ftrength of the Parliament was font, to op- 
 pofe my Lord’s Forces, which was the greateft the 
 Kings Party had any where. 
 
 Good Fortune is foch an Idol of the World, and 
 is lb like the golden Calf worshipped by the Ifra- 
 elites , that thofo Arch-Rebels never wanted Aftro- 
 logers to foretel them good foccels in all their Enter* 
 prifis, nor Poets to ling their Praifes, nor Orators for 
 Panegyricks ; nay, which is worfe, nor Hiftorians 
 neither, to record their Valour in fighting, andWift 
 dom in Governing. But being, lb much as I am, a- 
 bove bale Profit, or any Preferment whatfoever, I 
 cannot fear to be lufpe&ed of Flattery, in declaring 
 
 (, d ) to 
 
The Preface . 
 
 to the World the Merits, Wealthy Power, Loyalty, 
 and Fortunes of My Noble Lord, who hath done 
 great Adions, buffered great Loffes, endured a long 
 Baniflhment, for his Loyalty to his King and Coun- 
 trey ; and leads now, like another Scifo , a quiet 
 Countrey-life. If notwithftandingall this, anyfhould 
 lay, That thofe who write Hiftories of themfclves, 
 and their own adions,or of their own Party,or inftrud 
 and inform thole that write them, are partial to them- 
 fcl ves ; I anfwer. That it is very improbable, W or- 
 thy Perlons, who having done Great, Noble and He- 
 roick Exploits, defcrving to be recorded, fhould be 
 fo vain, as to write falfc Hiftories ; but if they do, it 
 proves but their Folly ; for Truth can never be con- 
 cealed, and fc> it will be more for their difgrace, then for 
 their Honour or Fame. I fear not any fuch blemifhes 
 in this prefent Hiftory, for I am confcious of any fuch 
 Crime as Patiality or Falfhood, but w 7 rite it whilefl: 
 My Noble Lord is yet alive, and at fuch a time where 
 Truth may be declared, and Falfhood contradided ; 
 and I challenge any one (although I be a Woman J 
 to contradid any thing that I have fct down, or prove 
 it to be other wifc then Truth ; for be there never 
 lb many Contradidions, Truth will conquer all at laft. 
 
 Concerning My Lords Adions in W ar , which 
 are comprehended in the firft Book, the relation of them 
 I have chiefly from my Lords Secretary Mr. T^lleflon, 
 a Perfon that has been an Eye-witnefc thereof, and 
 
7 he Preface . 
 
 accompanied My Lord as Secretary in his Army., and 
 gave out all his Commiffions ; his honefly and worth 
 is unqueflionable by all that know him. And as for 
 the Second Book 5 which contains My Lords Aftions 
 and Sufferings., during the time of his Exile 9 I have 
 fet down fo much as I could poffibly call to mind^with- 
 out any particular Expreflion of time 3 onely from 
 the time of his Baniihment., or rather ( what I can re- 
 member) from the time of my Marriage., till our return 
 into England. To the end of which I have joined a 
 Computation of My Lord’s Loffes 9 which he hath 
 fuffered by thofe unfortunate Warres. In the third 
 Book I have fet down fbme particular Chapters con^ 
 cerning the Defcription of his Perfbn., his Natural Fa- 
 culties^ and Perfonal Vermes., And in the laft., 
 fbme Effay es and Difcourfes of My Lords ^ together 
 w ith fbme Notes and R emarques of mine own; which 
 I thought mofl convenient to place by themfelves at the 
 end of this W ork., rather then to intermingle them with 
 the Body of the Hiftory. 
 
 It might be fbme prejudice to tny Lord's Glory ^ 
 and the credit of this Hiftory., not to take notice of a 
 very confiderable thing I have heard, which is , That 
 when hisLordfhip’s Army had got fb much Strength 
 and Reputation , that the Rebellious Parliament find- 
 ing themfelves overpower d with it , rather then to 
 be utterly ruin’d , (as was unavoidable ) did call the 
 Scots to their Affiftance ., with 1 promife to reward fb 
 
The c Preface . 
 
 great a Service , with the Four Northern Counties of 
 Northumberland , Cumberland , IV eftmerbnd , and the 
 Bifhoprick of Durham , which I have not mention’d 
 in the Book. 
 
 And it is moft certain, That the Parliaments For- 
 ces were never Powerful , nor their Commanders or 
 Officers Famous , until filch time as my Lord was 
 overpower’d; neither could Loyalty have been over- 
 power’d by Rebellion, had not Treachery had better 
 Fortune then Prudence. 
 
 When I (peak of my Lord’s Pedigree, where Tho- 
 mas Earl of Arundel , Grandfather to the now Duke of 
 Norfolk is mention’d, they have left out William 
 V iffiount Stafford , one of his Sons, who did marry the 
 Heir of the laft Baron Stafford y defended from the 
 Dukes of Buckingham ; which was fet down in my Ori- 
 ginal Manufaipt. 
 
 Some of thofeOmiffions,and very probably others, 
 are happened, partly for want of timely Information, 
 and chiefly by the death of my Secretary, who did co- 
 py my Writings for the Prels, and dy’d in London , at- 
 tending that Service, afore the Printing of the Book 
 was quite finifh’d. And as I hope of your Favour to 
 be excus’d for omitting thofe things in the Book; fo I 
 exped of your Juftice to be approv’d in putting them 
 here, though fomewhat unfeafonably. 
 
 Before I end this Preface , I do befech my Readers 
 not tomiftakeme whenlfpeak of my Lord’s Banifh- 
 
 ment, 
 
The Preface. 
 
 ment , as if I would conceal that he went voluntarily 
 out of his Native Country; for it is moft true, that his 
 Lordfhip prudently perceiving all the King s Party 
 loft 3 not onely in England , but alfo in Scotland and 
 Ireland and that it w T as impoffible to withftand the 
 Rebels , after the fatal overthrow of his Army ; his 
 Lordfhip , in a poor and mean condition quitted his 
 own Countrey , and went beyond Sea ; foon after 
 which J the Rebels having got an Abfolute Power, and 
 granted a general Pardon to all thole that would come 
 in to thereupon compofition, at the Rates they had let 
 down, his Lordfhip, with but few others , was except- 
 ed from it , both for Life and Eftate , and did remain 
 thus banifh’d till His Majefties happy Reftauration.. 
 
 I muft alfo acknowledg , That I have committed 
 great Errors in taking no notice of Times as I flhould 
 have done in many places of this Hiftory : I mention 
 in one place the Queen Mothers being in France , when 
 my Lord went thither , but do not fay in what year 
 that was : Nor do I exprefs when His Majefty ( our 
 now Gracious Soveraign ) came in, and went out a- 
 gain feveral times from that Kingdom, which has hap^ 
 pend for want of Memory , and I delire my Readers 
 to excule me for it. 
 
 No body can certainly be more ready to find faults 
 in this W ork , then I am to confelsthem j being very 
 confcious that I have , as I told my Lord I Ihould, 
 committed many for want of Learning, and chiefly 
 
 of 
 
The Preface . 
 
 of skill in writing Hiftories : But having, according 
 to his Lordfliips Commands, written his Addons and 
 Fortunes truly and plainly, I have reafon to expedt, 
 that whatfoever elle (hall be found amils , will be fa- 
 vourably pardoned by the candid Readers, to whom 
 I wild all manner of happinels. 
 
 AN 
 
A N 
 
 EPISTLE 
 
 To Her 
 
 GRACE 
 
 THE 
 
 Duchefs of Newcaftle. 
 
 May itpleafeyour Grace., 
 
 I Have been taught^ and do believe ; That Obedience is 
 better then Sacrifice; andhpowfhat both are due from me 
 to your Grace ; and fince I have been fo long in obey ingy our 
 Commands , I fhall not prefume to ufe any Arguments for my 
 excufe 3 but rather chufe ingenioufly to confefs my fault ■, and 
 beg your Graces Pardon . And becaufe forgivenefs is a 
 Glory to the fupreamefi Powers 3 I will hope that your 
 Grace by that great example will maf^e it yours. And now 
 
 co ■ 1 
 
I humbly iahg leave to reprefent to your C Jr ace , ay faithfully 
 and truly as my memory will ferve me, all my Obfervati- 
 any of the moft memorable A chons, and honourable Deport- 
 ment y of His Grace, my moft Dfoble Lord and M after, 
 William Dufy of Ncwcafile 5 in the Execution and 
 Performance of theTrufty and high Employment y commit ~ 
 ted and commended to his care and charge by three Kings of 
 England • that is to fay, King James^ Kjjig Charles^ 
 Fir ft, of ever b le fed Memory ; and our Gracious King, 
 Charles the Second ; under whom he hath had the happinefs 
 to live, and the honour to ferve them in fever al capacities : 
 Andbecaufel humbly conceive, that it is not within the in- 
 tention of your Graces Commands, that I fhould give you 
 a particular Relation of His Graces High Birth, his Noble 
 and Princely Education and Breeding, both at home and 
 abroad ; his Natural Faculties , and Perfonal Venues * 
 his fuftice , Bounty , Charity , Friendjhip • his Right 
 Approved Courage, and C T rue Valour, not grounded upon, 
 or govern d by Papon, but Reafon ; his Magnificent 
 manner of living and fupporting his Dignity, teftified by his 
 great Entertainments of their Majefties, and his private 
 Friends , upon all fit occafions, befides his ordinary and 
 conftant Houfe deeping and Attendants ; fome for Honour, 
 and fome for bufinefs , wherein he exceeded moft of his Qua- 
 lity ; and that he was, and is an incomparable Adafter to 
 his Servants, is fufficiently teftified by all or moft of the 
 chiefeft of them, living and dying in His Graces Service, 
 which is an Argument that they thought themfelves as 
 
 happy 
 
happy therein, as the World could mafe them * nor of his 
 well-chofen Pleafures, which were principally Horfes of all 
 forts , hut more particularly Horfes of Mannage ; His 
 Study and Art of the true ufe of the Sword ; His Magnu 
 fcent Buidings. *T hefe are his chiefejl Delights, wherein 
 his Grace fparedfor no cofi nor charge, which are fuffici - 
 ently manifefled to the World for other Delights, as thofe 
 of running Horfes, Hawking, Hunting, See. His Grace 
 ufed them meerly for focieties fahg, and out of 'a generous and 
 obliging Nature to pleafe others , though his hpowledg in 
 them excelled, as well as in the other . And yet notwith - 
 (landing thefe his large and vafl expence s, before his Grace 
 was called to the Court , he encreafed his Revenue by way 
 of Pur chafe to a great value ; and when he was called to 
 the Court, he was then free from Debts, and, as I have 
 heard, fome Thoufands of Pounds in his Turfe. Thefe 
 Particulars, and as many more of this bfid as would fwell 
 a Volume, 1 could enumerate to your Grace', but that they 
 are Jo well bfiown to your Cjrace', itwouldbeaPrefumption 
 in me, rather then a Service, to give your Grace that trou- 
 ble ; and therefore I humbly forbear, and proceed, ac- 
 cording to my Intention, to give your Grace a faithful account 
 off our Graces Commands, as becomes 
 
 May it pleafe your Grace,, 
 
 Your Graces mod humble., 
 
 and mod obedient Servant, 
 
 L ' ‘ J 
 
 John Rollejlon. 
 
 THE 
 
Book I. 
 
 THE 
 
 I F E 
 
 OF THE 
 
 MOST ILLUSTRIOUS PRINCE, 
 
 WILLIAM 
 
 Duke of Newcaftle. 
 
 The Firfl Boofy* 
 
 ^Ince my chiefintent in this prefent Work^ 
 is to defcribe the Life and A&ions of 
 My Noble Lord and Husband, Wil- 
 liam . ( “Dufy of Nemaftle, I fliall do it 
 with as much Brevity, Peripicuity and Truth, as is 
 required of an Impartial Hiftorian. The Hiftory 
 of his Pedi gree I (hall refer to theHeralds^ and partly 
 give you an account thereof at the latter end of this 
 work ; onely thus much I ihall now mention^ as will 
 be requifite for the better underftanding of the follow- 
 ing difcourle. 
 
 B 
 
 His 
 
The Life of W illiam Book 1. 
 
 His Grandfather by his Fathers fide was Sir Wil- 
 liam Cavendijh, Privy Counfellour and Treafurer 
 of the Chamber to King Henry the Eighth, Edward 
 the Sixth, and Queen Mary. His Grandfather by 
 his Mother was Cuthbert Lord Ogle , an ancient Ba- 
 ron. His Father Sir Charles Cavendijh was the 
 youngeft Ion to Sir William , and had no other Chil- 
 dren but three Sons, whereof My Lord was the Se- 
 cond , but his elder Brother dying in his Infancy, left 
 both his Title and Birth-right to My Lord, lo that My 
 Lord had then but one onely Brother left, whole 
 name was Charles after his Father, whereas My Lord 
 had the name of his Grandfather. 
 
 Thefe two Brothers were partly bred with (filbert 
 Earl of Shrewsbury their Uncle in Law,and their Aunt 
 Mary z Countels of Shrewsbury, Gilberts Wife, and 
 Sifter to their Father ; for there interceded an intire 
 and conftant Friendfhip between the laid Gilbert , Earl 
 of Shrewsbury , and My Lord's Father, Sir Charles 
 Cavendijh, cauled not onely by the marriage of My 
 Lord's Aunt, his Fathers Sifter, to the aforelaid Gil- 
 bert Earl o (Shrewsbury, and by the marriage of George 
 Earl of Shrewsbury , Gilbert s Father, with My Lords 
 Grandmother , by his Fathers fide , but Sir Charles 
 Cavendijh, My Lord's Father, and Gilbert Earl of 
 Shrewsbury, being brought up and bred together in 
 one Family, and grown up as parts of one body, after 
 they came to be beyond Children, and travelled toge- 
 
 ther 
 
therinto foreign Countries, to obferve the Faflhions, 
 Laws, and Cuftoms of other Nations, contra&ed fuch 
 an intire Friendihip which lafted to their death : neither 
 did they outlive each other long, for My Lords Fa- 
 ther, Sir Charles Cavendijh, lived but one year after GiU 
 lert Earl of Shrewsbury. 
 
 But both My Lords Parents, and his Aunt and Un^ 
 cle in Law, fhewed always a great and fond love to 
 My Lord, endeavouring, when He was but a Child, 
 to pleale him with what he moft delighted in. When 
 He was grown to the Age of fifteen or fixteen, he was 
 made Knight of the Tdath, an ancient and honour- 
 able Order, at the time when Henry , King fames, of 
 blefled Memory, His eldeft Son was created Prince of 
 Wales ; and fbon after, he went to travel with Sir Hen- 
 ry Cotton, who was fent as Ambaflador Extraordi- 
 nary to the then Dufy of Savoy; which Duke made very 
 much of My Lord, and when he would be free in 
 Feafting , placed Him next to himlelf. Before 
 My Lord did return with the Ambaflador into Eng^ 
 land, the faid Duke proferd My Lord, that if he 
 would flay with him, he would not onely confer up- 
 on him the beft Titles of Honour he could, but alfo 
 give him an honourable Command in "War, although 
 My Lord was but young, for the Duke had then 
 feme defigns of W ar. But the Ambaflador, who had 
 taken the care of My Lord, would not leave Him 
 behind without his Parents coi^nt* 
 
 At 
 
The Life of W illiam Book I. 
 
 At laft, when My Lord took his leave of the Duke, 
 the Duke being a very generous perfbn, prefented 
 Him with a Spanifl) Horfe, a Saddle very richly em- 
 broidered, and with a rich Jewel of Diamonds. 
 
 Some time after My Lord s return into England , 
 Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury died, and left My Lord, 
 though he was then but young, and about Twenty 
 two years of age, his Executor,* a year after, his Fa- 
 ther Sir Charles Cavendijh , died alfo. His Mother, 
 being then a W ido w, was defirous that My Lord 
 (liould marry : in obedience to whole Commands,he 
 chofe a W ife both to his own good liking, and his Mo- 
 thers approving ; who was Daughter and Heir to Wil- 
 liam Baffet of Blore Efq; a very honourable and ancient 
 Family in Stajford'Jhire , by whom was added a 
 great part to His Eftate, as hereafter (hall be men- 
 tioned. After My Lord was married, he lived, for 
 the mod part, in the Country, and plealed Himfelf 
 and his neighbours with Hofpitality, and fuch delights 
 as the Country afforded , onely now and then he 
 wouldgouptoXa^a^forfbme fliorf time to wait on 
 the King. 
 
 About this time King James , of blefled memory, ha- 
 ving a purpofe to confer fome Honour upon My 
 Lord, made him Vifcount Mansfeld , and Baron of 
 ! Bolfover ; and after thedeceafe of King James , King 
 Charles theFirft, of blefled Memory, conftituted him 
 Lord Warden of theForrefto fSherewood, and Lieu- 
 tenant 
 
Book I. 
 
 Duke of N e wc a $ t l e . 
 
 tenant of Nottingham-jhire , and reftored his Mother 
 Catharine , the fecond Daughter of Cuthbert Lord 0 - 
 gle, to her Fathers Dignity, after the death of herone- 
 ly Sifter Jane Countefs o {Shrewsbury, publickly de- 
 claring^ that it was her Right ; which Title after the 
 death of his Mother, defended allb upon My Lord, 
 and his Heirs General, together with a large Inheri- 
 tance of 5000 1 . a year, in Northumberland . 
 
 About the lame time, after the deceale of William , 
 late Earl of Devonshire* his Noble Coufin German, 
 My Lord was by his laidMajelly made Lord Lieute- 
 nant of Derbyshire ; which trull and honour, after 
 he had enjoyed for leveral years , and managed it, 
 like as all other offices put to his T rull, with all poffible 
 care, faithfulnels and dexterity, during the time of the 
 laid Earls Son, William the now Earl of Devonshire, 
 his Minority, as loon as this lame Earl was come 
 to age, and by Law made capable of that trull, he 
 willingly and freely refign’d it into his hands,he having 
 hitherto kept it onely for him, that he and no body 
 elle might lucceed his Father in that dignity. 
 
 In thefe, and all other both publickand private im- 
 ployments. My Lord hath ever been careful to keep 
 up the Kings Rights to the uttermoll of his power, to 
 itrengthen thole mentioned Counties with Ammuni- 
 tion, and to adminiller juft ice to every one; for he 
 refuled no mans Petition, but lent all that came to him 
 either for relief or juftice, away from him fully lath- 
 lied* C Not 
 
Book I. 
 
 The Life of W illiam 
 
 Not long after his being made Lieutenant of Not~ 
 tinghamfhire , there was found lb great a defed of 
 Amies and Ammunition in that County y that the 
 Lords of the Council being advertifed thereof, as the 
 manner then was^ His Majefty commanded a levy to 
 be made upon the whole County for the fupply 
 thereof ; whereupon the fum of 5 ©o 1. or thereabout^ 
 was accordingly levied for that purpofe., and three 
 Perfbns of Quality., then Deputy Lieutenants, were 
 defired by My Lord to receive the money , and fee it 
 difpofed ; which being done accordingly, and a cer- 
 tain account rendred to My Lord, he voluntarily 
 ordered the then Clerk of the Peace of that County, 
 That the fame account fhould be recorded amongft 
 the Seftions Roles, and be published in open Seftions, 
 to the end that the Country might take notice, how 
 their monies were difpofed of ; for which aft: of Jo- 
 dice My Lord was highly commended. 
 
 Within fbme few years after , King Charles 
 the Firft, of bleffed Memory, His Gracious Sove- 
 raign, in regard of His true and faithful fervice to his 
 King and Country, was pleafed to honour him with 
 the Title of Earl of Newcafile, and Baron of Bothal 
 and Hefe ; which Title he graced io much by His 
 Noble A&ions and Deportments, that fbme feven 
 years after, which was in the Year 1638. His Majefty 
 called him up to Court, and thought Him the fitteft 
 Perfbn whom He might intruft with the Government 
 
 of 
 
7 
 
 Book I. Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 of His Son Charles then Prince of Wales, now our 
 moft Gracious King., and made him withal a Member 
 of the Lords of His Majefties mo ft honourable Privy 
 Council,* which, as it was a great Honour and Tru ft, 
 lb He /pared no care and induftry to di/charge His 
 Duty accordingly * and to that end, left all the care 
 of governing his own Family and Eftate, with all Fi- 
 delity attending His Matter not without confiderable 
 Charges, and vaft Expences of his own. 
 
 In this prefent Employment He continued for the 
 /pace of three Years, during which time there hap- 
 pened an In/urredion and Rebellion of HisMajefties 
 di/contented Subjeds in Scotland, which forced His 
 Majefty to rai/e an Army,to reduce them to their O- 
 bedience, and His Trea/ury being at that time ex- 
 haufted, he was neceffitated to defire fome fupply and 
 affiftance of the Nobleft and Richeft of his Loval 
 Subjeds * amongft the reft. My Lord lent HisMa- 
 jefty ioooo 3 . and railed Him/elf a Voluntier-Troop 
 of Horfe, which confifted of 1 20 Knights and Gen- 
 tlemen of Quality, who marched to Berwic\Cy His 
 Majefties Command, where it pleafed His Majefty to 
 fet this mark of Honour upon that Troop, that it 
 fbould be Independent, and not commanded by any 
 General Officer, but onely by his Majefty Him/elf ; 
 The rea/bn thereof was upon this following occa- 
 fion. 
 
 s 
 
Book I. 
 
 8 The Life of W I l l i a m 
 
 His Majefties whole body of Florle, being com- 
 manded to march into Scotland againft the Rebels, a 
 place was appointed for their Rendezvous ; Immedi- 
 ately upon their meeting, My Lord lent a Gentle- 
 man of Quality of his Troop *to His Ma jellies then 
 General of the Horle, to know where his Troop 
 Ihould march ; who returned this anlwer, That it was 
 to march next after the Troops of the General Offi- 
 cers of the Field. My Lord conceiving that his 
 iTroop ought to march in the Van, and not in the 
 Reap, lent the lame Melfenger back again to the Ge- 
 neral^ to inform him, That he had the honour to 
 march with the Princes Colours, and therefore he 
 thought it not fit to march under any of the Officers 
 of the Field ; yet neverthelels the General ordered 
 that Troop as he had formerly dire&ed. Where- 
 upon^ My Lord thinking it unfit at that time to difi 
 pute the bufinels, immediately commanded his Cor- 
 * Mr. Gra h net * to takeoff the Princes Colours from his Half, and 
 fhe 0t Lord° fo marched in the place appointed, choofing rather to 
 Nonh° f the march without his Colours flying, then to lelfen his 
 Mailers dignity by the command of any lubjedl. 
 
 Immediately after the return from that expedition 
 to his Majellies Leaguer, the General made a com- 
 plaint thereof to his Majefty ; who being truly in- 
 formed of the bufinels, commended my Lords dilcre- 
 tion for it, and from that time ordered that Troop to 
 be commanded by none but himlelf Thus they re- 
 main’d 
 
Book I. 
 
 9 
 
 Duke of Newcastle, 
 
 main’d upon duty 
 
 l ; until His Majefty had re- 
 duced his Rebellious Subjefis, and then My Lord re- 
 turned with honour to his Charge^ vi%. The Govern- 
 
 ment of the Prince. 
 
 At laft when the whole Army was disbanded^ 
 then^ and not before^ my Lord thought it a fit Time to 
 exad an account from the laid General for the affront 
 he pafs cl upon him and lent him a Challenge ; the place 
 and hour being appointed by both their Conlents,, 
 where and when to meet, My Lord appear'd there 
 with his Second * y but found not his Oppofite : After * Francis 
 fome while his Oppofite s Second came all alone., by Palme?5 
 whom my Lord perceiv’d that their Defign had 
 been dilcover’d to the King by lome of his Oppo- 
 fites Friends who prelently cauled them both to 
 be confined until he had made their Peace. 
 
 My Lord having hitherto attended the Prince^ 
 his Mailer^ with all faithfulnefs and duty befitting lb 
 great an Employment 5 for the lpace of three years^ 
 in the beginning of that Rebellious and unhappy 
 Parliament y which was the caufe of all the mines 
 and misfortunes that afterwards befell this Kingdom^ 
 was privately advertifed., that the Parliaments De- 
 fign was to take the Government of the Prince from 
 him^ which he apprehending as a dilgrace to Himlelfj 
 wifely prevented y and obtained the Content of His 
 late Ma jelly 5 with His Favour , to deliver up the 
 
 D Charge 
 
1 be Life of W i l l i a m 
 
 Charge of being Governor- to die Prince 3 and retire 
 into the Countrey- which he did in the beginning 
 of the Year 1641 y and fetled himfelf , with his La- 
 dy^ Children and Family 5 to his great latisfadion., 
 with an intent to have continued there and relied 
 under his own Vine.* and managed his own Eftate* 
 but he had not enjoyed himftlf long y but an Ex- 
 prels came to him from His Majefty., who was 
 then unjuftly and unmannerly treated by the laid 
 Parliament y to repair with all poffible Ipeed and pri- 
 vacy y to Kingflon upon Hull / where the greateft part 
 of His Majefties Ammunition and Arms then re- 
 mained in that Magazine 3 it being the mo ft conlide- 
 rable place for ftrength in the Northern parts of the 
 Kingdom. 
 
 Immediately upon the receipt of theft His 
 Majefties Orders and Commands y my Lord pre- 
 pared for their execution., and about Twelveof the 
 Clock at night , haftned from his own houft when 
 his Familie were all at their reft., lave two or three 
 Servants which he appointed to attend him. The 
 next day early in the morning he arrived at Hull, 
 in the quality of a private Gentleman , which place 
 wasdiftant from his houft forty miles ; and none of 
 his Family that were at home., knew what was be- 
 come of him 9 till he lent an Exprels to his Lady to 
 inform her where he was. 
 
 Thus 
 
lnus being admitted into toe Town. .ie red 
 upon his intended JDefign, and brought it to fo 
 hopeful an ifliie for His Majefties Service 3 that he 
 wanted nothing but His Majefties further Commiffi- 
 on and Pleaftire to have fecured both the Town and 
 Magazine for His Majefties ule j and to that end by 
 a Ipeedy Exprels * gave His .Majefty , who was then 
 at Windfor y an account of all his Tranla&ions there- 
 \n, together with his Opinion of them, hoping His 
 Majefty would have been pleafed either to come thi- 
 ther in Perlbn, which He might have done with much 
 lecurity, or at leaf: have lent him a Commiffion 
 and Orders how he fhould do His Majefty further 
 Service. 
 
 But inftead thereof he received Orders from His 
 Majefty to oblerve luch Diredions as he flhould re- 
 ceive from the Parliament then fitting : Whereup- 
 on he was lummoned perlbnally to appear at the 
 Houle of Lords, and a Committee cholen to exa- 
 mine the Grounds and Realons of his undertaking 
 that Defign * but my Lord Ihewed them his Com- 
 miflion , and that it was done in obedience to His 
 Majefties Commands , and lo was cleared of that 
 Adfion. 
 
 Not long after, my Lord obtained the freedom 
 from His Majefty to retire again to his Countrey- 
 Life 5 which he did with much alacrity : He had 
 not remained many months there, but His Majefty 
 
The Life of W illiam 
 
 Book I. 
 
 was forced by the fury of the faid Parliament, to repair 
 in Perfon to Tori ^ and to fend the Queen beyond the 
 Seas for her fafety. 
 
 No fooner was His Majefty arrived a tTorl^ but 
 he fent his Commands to my Lord to come thither to 
 him * which according to his wonted cuftom and loy- 
 alty he readily obeyed, and after a few days (pent there 
 in Confutation, His Majefty was plea fed to Coni' 
 mand him to Nerve aftle uponTyne, to take upon him 
 the Government of thatTown,and the four Counties 
 next adjoining; that is to fey,A lorthumberlandfiumber- 
 lMdfVeJlmerland 3 and the Bifhoprick of Durham : which 
 my Lord did accordingly, although he wanted Men, 
 Money and Ammunition, for the performance of that 
 defign; for when he came thither, he neither found 
 any Military provifion confiderable for the underta- 
 king that work, nor generally any great encourage- 
 ment from the people in thofe parts, more then what his 
 own intereft created in them ; Neverthelefs,he thought 
 it his duty rather to hazard all, then to negledt the 
 Commands of His Soveraign ; and refolved to fhew 
 his Fidelity, by nobly fitting all at ftake, as he did, 
 though he well knew how to have fecured himfelf, as 
 too many others did, either by Neutrality, or adhe- 
 ring to the Rebellious Party ; but his Honour and 
 Loyalty was too great to be ftained with fuch foul ad- 
 herencies* 
 
 As 
 
Book I. 
 
 Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 *3 
 
 As loon as my Lord came to Newcaftle , in the firft 
 place he Tent for all his Tenants and Friends in thole 
 parts, and prefently railed a Troop of Horfe con- 
 fiding of 120. and a Regiment of Foot, and put 
 them under Command, and upon duty and exercife 
 in the Town of Newcajlle ; and with this fmall be- 
 ginning took the Government of that place upon 
 him ; where with the afliftance of the Towns-men, 
 particularly the May or,* ( whom by the power of his * 'sir 
 Forces, he continued Mayor for the year following, he 
 being a perfcn of much truft and fidelity, as he appro- 
 ved himfelf) and the reft of his Brethren, within few 
 days he fortified the Town, and railed men daily, and 
 put aGarrilonof Soldiers into T inmouth aftle, Hand- 
 ing upon the River Tyne, betwixt Newcajlle and the 
 Sea, to fecure that Port, and armed the Soldiers as 
 well as he could : And thus he flood upon his Guard, 
 and continued them upon Duty ; playing his weak 
 Game with much Prudence, and giving the Town- 
 and Country very great latisfa&ion by his noble and 
 honourable Deportment. 
 
 In the mean time, there happend a great mutiny 
 of the Trainband Sbuldiersof the Bilhoprickat©^r- 
 ham, fo that my Lord was forced to remove thither 
 in Perlon, attended with fbme forces to appeafe them ; 
 where at his arrival ( I mention it by the way, and 
 as a merry paflage ) a jovial Fellow uled this ex- 
 preflion, That he liked my Lord very well, but 
 
 E not 
 
*Dj% 
 
 fens. 
 
 14 The Life of W illi A M 
 
 * ~ — — — — ~ ~ — — - 
 
 not his Company ( meaning his Soldiers.) 
 
 After my Lord had reduced them to their obedi- 
 ence and duty, he took great care of the Church Go- 
 vernment in the (aid Bilboprick (as he did no 1 efs in 
 all other places committed to his Care and Prote&ion^ 
 well knowing that Schifm and Fa&ion in Religion is 
 the Mother of allormofl Rebellions, Wars and Di- 
 fturbancesin a State or Government) and conflituted 
 that Learned and Eminent Divine the then Dean of 
 Coo- Peterborough , now Lord-Bifliop of Durham *, to view 
 all Sermons that were to be Preached, and fuffer no- 
 thing in them that in the lead refledled againfl His Ma- 
 kefiles Perfbn and Government, but to put forth and 
 add whatfoever he thought convenient , and punifli 
 thofe that flhould trefpafs againfl it. In which that 
 worthy Perfbn ufed fb much care and induflry, that 
 never the Church could be more happily govern’d 
 then it was at that prefen t. 
 
 Some fhort time after, my Lord received from Her 
 Ma;efly the Queen, out of Holland afmall fupplyof 
 Money , vi%. a little barrel of Ducatoons, which 
 amounted to about 500 1 . Sterling ; which my Lord 
 diflributed amongfl the Officers of his new raifed Ar- 
 my, to encourage them the better in their fervice; as 
 alio fbme Armes, the mofl part whereof were confign- 
 ed to his late Majefty ; and thofe that were ordered to 
 be conveyed to his Ma/efly, were fent accordingly, 
 conduced by that onely Troop of Horfe, which my 
 
 Lord 
 
Book I. 
 
 Duke of Newcastle, 
 
 Lord had newly raifed, with orders to return again 
 to him; but it feemsHis Majefty liked the Troop fb 
 wel^ that he was pleafed to command their ftay to re- 
 cruit his own Army. 
 
 About the fame time the King of Denmarfwis like- 
 wife pleafed to fend His Majefty a Ship, which arri- 
 ved at Newcaflle , laden with fome Ammunition , 
 Armes, Regiment Pieces, and Danijh Clubs ; which 
 my Lord kept forthe furniflhing of fome Forces which 
 he intended to raife for His Majefties fervice ; for he 
 perceiving the flames increafe more and more in both 
 the Houfes of Parliament then fitting at PVeftminJler 3 
 againft his Majefties Perfbn and Government ; upon 
 Confultation with his Friends and Allies^ and the in- 
 tereft he had in thofe Northern parts, took a refolu- 
 tion to raife an Army for His Majefties fervice, and 
 by an exprefs acquainted His Majefty with his defign ; 
 who was fo well pleafed with it, that he fent him Com- 
 miffions for that purpofe, to conftitute him General 
 of all the Forces raifed and to be railed in all the parts 
 of the Kingdom, Trent-North , and moreover in the 
 feveral Counties of Lincoln , Nottingham , Derby , Lan- 
 ca(hire y Chefhire , Leicefter , Rutland \ Cambridge Hun* 
 tington y Norfolk Suffolk and Ejfex y and Commander 
 in Chief for the fame; as alfo to impower and autho- 
 rize him to confer the honour of Knighthood upon 
 fuch Perfons as he fhould conceive deferved it, and 
 to coin Money and Print whenfbever hefawoccafion 
 
 for 
 
1 6 The Life of Willi am Book!, 
 
 for it : Which as it wasnotonely a great Honour^ 
 but a great Trull: and Power; fo heufedit with much 
 difcretion and wifdom^ onely in (uch occurrencies^ 
 where he found it tending to the advancement of His 
 Majefties Service^and conferr'd the honour of Knight- 
 hood Iparingly,, and but on fuch perform whofe Vali- 
 ant and Loyal A&ions didjuftly delerve it., fo that 
 he Knighted in all to the number of Twelve. 
 
 Within a fhort time^ my Lord formed an Army 
 of 8000 Foot, Horle and Dragoons,, and put them 
 into a condition to march in the beginning of Novem- 
 ber 1642. No fooner was this effe&ed^ but the In- 
 furre&ion grew high in Yorh^Jhire , in fo much., that 
 moft of His Majefties good fobje&s of that County., 
 as well the Nobility as Gentry., were forced for the 
 prelervation of their perfons., to retire to the City of 
 Y or^ y a wal led T own , but of no great ftrength ; and 
 hearing that my Lord had not onely kept thole Coun- 
 ties in the Northen parts generally faithful to his Ma- 
 jefty^ but railed an Army for His Mayflies Intereft., 
 and the prote&ion of his good lubje&s ; thought it 
 convenient to employ and authorile fome perfons of 
 Quality to attend upon my Lord., and treat with 
 him on their behalf that he would beplealedtogive 
 them the affiftance of his Army ., which my Lord grant- 
 ed them upon luch Terms as did highly advance His 
 Majefties Service., which was my Lords chief and one- 
 ly aim. 
 
 Thus 
 
Book I. Duke Newcastle. 
 
 Thus my Lord being with his Army invited into 
 Torfyhire, He prepared for it with all the Ipeed that 
 the nature of that bufinels could poffibly permit ; and 
 after he had fortified the Town of Newcaftle , Tyn- 
 mouthcaflle , Hartlepool ( a Haven Towrn ) and 
 fome other neceflary Garifons in thole parts , and 
 Mannd, V i&uall’d and order’d their conftant fupply. 
 He thought it fit in the firft place, before he did march, 
 to manifeft to the World by a Declaration in Print, 
 the reafons and grounds of his undertaking that defign; 
 which were in General, for the prefervation of His 
 Majefties Perfon and Government, and the defence of 
 the Orthodox Church of England-, where He alio 
 fatisfied thole that murmur’d for my Lords receiving 
 into his Army luch as were of the Catholick Religion, 
 and then he prefently marched with his Army into 
 Yortyhire to their affiftance, and within the time agreed 
 upon, came to Yorh ^ , notwithftanding the Enemies 
 Forces gave him all the interruption they poffibly 
 could, at leveral paffes ; whereof the chief was at 
 Vierce-bridg , at the entering into Yor^-Jhire, where 
 1500 of the Enemies Forces, Commanded in chief 
 by Col. Hotbam , were ready to interrupt my Lord’s 
 Forces, lent thither to lecure that pafle, confifting 
 of a Regiment of Dragoons, commanded by Colo^ 
 nel Thomas Howard , and a Regiment of Foot, Com. 
 manded by Sir William Lmbton , which they per- 
 formed with fo much Courage, that they routed the 
 
 F Enemy 
 
The Life of W illia m 
 
 Enemy, and put them to flight , although the faid 
 Col. Howard in that Charge loft his life by an un- 
 fortunate (hot. 
 
 The Enemy thus miffing of their defign, fled un- 
 til they met with a conjunction of their whole For- 
 ces at Tadcajler , fome eight miles diftant from Tor\ b 
 and my Lord went on without any other confidera- 
 ble Interruption. Being come to Tori he drew up 
 his whole Army before the Town , both Hone and 
 Foot, where the Commander in Chief, the then 
 Earl of Cumberland , together with the Gentry of 
 the Country , came to wait on my Lord , and the 
 then Governor of Tor Sir Thomas Glemham , pre- 
 fented him with the Keys of the City. 
 
 Thus my Lord marched into the Town with great 
 joy , and to the general fatisfa&ion both of the 
 Nobility and Gentry, and moft of the Citizens; 
 and immediately without any delay , in the later end 
 of December 1642, fell upon Confutations how 
 he might beft proceed to ferve his King and Coun- 
 try; and particularly, how his Army fliould be 
 maintained and paid , ( as he did alfb afterwards in 
 every Country wherefoever he marched ) well know- 
 ing , that no Army can be governed without being 
 conftantly and regularly fupported by provifion and 
 pay. Whereupon it was agreed. That the Nobili- 
 ty and Gentry of the feveral Counties , ftiould fe- 
 leCt a certain number of themfelves to raife money 
 
 by 
 
Book I. Duke oj Newcastle, 
 
 ' by a regular Tax, for the making provifions for the 
 fupport and maintenance of the Army, rather than 
 to leave them to free-quarter , and to carve for them- 
 felves ; and if any of the Soldiers were exorbitant 
 and dilorderly, and that it did appear fo to thole 
 that were authorifed to examine their deportment, 
 that prelently order Ihould be given to repair thole 
 injuries out of the moneys levied for the Soldiery ; 
 by which means the Country was prelerved from 
 many inconveniences, which otherwile would doubt- 
 lels have followed. 
 
 And though the lealbn of the year might well have 
 invited my Lord to take up his Winter-quarters, it 
 being about Cbrzjhnas ; yet after he had put a good 
 Garilbn into the City of Tor and fortified it, up* 
 on intelligence that the Enemy was ftill at Tadc after, 
 and had fortified that place, he refolved to march 
 thither. The greateft part of the Town ftandson the 
 Weft fide of a River not fordable in any place neat 
 thereabout , nor allowing any palfage into the Town 
 from TorJ^ y but over a Stone- bridge, which the E~ 
 nemy had made impaftable by breaking down part 
 of the Bridg , and planting their Ordnance upon it, 
 and by railing a very large and ftrong Fort upon the 
 top of a Hill, leading Eaftward from that Bridg 
 towards Tor\ 0 upon defign of commanding the Bridg, 
 and all other places fit to draw up an Army in, or to 
 plant Cannon againft therm 
 
 But 
 
20 
 
 Book L 
 
 The Life ofW illiam 
 
 - — — — ‘ — - — * 
 
 But notwithftanding all thefe Difcouragements, 
 
 my Lord after he had refrelh’d his Army at Tori 
 and recruited his provifions 9 ordered a march before 
 the laid Town in this manner : That the greateft part 
 of his Horle and Dragoons fhouldin the night march 
 to a Pals at We at her by 9 five miles diftant from Tad- 
 cafler towards North-weft } from thence under the 
 Command of his then Lieutenant General of the 
 Army 3 to appear on the Weft fide of Tadcajler ear- 
 ly the next morning } by which time my Lord with 
 the reft of his Army refolved to appear at the Eaft- 
 fide of the /aid Town ; which intention was wellde- 
 fignclj but ill executed j for though my Lord with 
 that part of the Army which he commanded in per- 
 fbn., that is to fay., his Foot and Cannon., attended by 
 fome Troops of Horfe, did march that nighty and 
 early in the morning appear’d before the Town on 
 the Eaft fide thereof 3 and there drew up his Army., 
 planted his Cannon., and clofely and orderly befieg- 
 ed that fide of the Town , and from ten in the morn- 
 ing till four a Clock in the afternoon , battered theE- 
 nemies Forts and World , as being in continual expe- 
 ctation of the appearance of the Troops on the other 
 fide ., according to his order ; yet( whether it was out 
 of Negled or Treachery that my Lords Orders were 
 hot obeyed ) that days Work wasrendred ineffedu- 
 al as to the whole Defign. 
 
 How- 
 
Book L Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 2 I 
 
 However the vigilancy of My Lord did put the E- 
 liemy into fuch a Terror, that they forfook that Fort, 
 andfecretly fled away with all their Train that very 
 night to another ftrong hold not far diftant from Tad- 
 cdfter, called Cawood-GaRk, to which, byreafonof 
 its low and boggy Scituation, and foul and narrow 
 Lanes and paffages, it was not poffible for my Lord 
 to purfoe them without too great an hazard to his Ar- 
 my j whereas had the Lieutenant General performed 
 his Duty, in all probability the greateft part of the 
 principal Rebels in TorJ^-fhire, would that day have 
 been taken in their own trap, and their further mift 
 chief prevented. My Lord, the next morning., in- 
 ftead of ftorming the Town, (as he had intended ) 
 entred without interruption , and there flayed fome 
 few days to refrefli his Army, and order that part of 
 the Country. 
 
 In December 1 64 2. My Lord thought it fit to march 
 to Tomfret , and to quarter his Army in that part of 
 the Country 3 which was betwixt Cawood , and feme 
 Garifons of the. Enemy, in the weft part of Torfyjhire, 
 vi^. Hallifax , Bradford , Leeds, W field j&c. where 
 he remained feme time to recruit and enlarge his Ar- 
 my, which was much leflened by ereding of Garifons, 
 and to keep thofe parts in order and obedience to His 
 Majefty ; And after he had thus ordered his Affairs,He 
 was enabled to give Prote&ion to thofe parts of the 
 Country that were moft willing to embrace it, and 
 * G quartered 
 
Book I. 
 
 The Life of W I l l i A M 
 
 quarter’d his Army for a time in fuch places which 
 he had reduced. Tadcafler , which flood upon a Pals, 
 he made a Garilon, or rather a ftrong Quarter, and 
 put alio a Garilon into Pomfret Caftle, not above eight 
 Miles diftant from T adcafter , which commanded that 
 Town, and a great part of the Country. 
 
 During the time that his Army remained at Tom- 
 fret, My Lord ktkd aGmCon at Nerparf mNottitjg- 
 hamfhire, ftanding upon the River Trent, averycon- 
 ficlerable pals, which kept the greateft part of Notting - 
 ham-fl:ire, and part of Lincoln-fhire in obedience ; and 
 after that, he returned in the beginning of January 
 1 642, back toTorl f with an intention to lupply Him- 
 felf with lome Ammuilition,which He had ordered to 
 be brought from Newcafle : A Convoy of Horfe that 
 were imployed to condudt it from thence, under the 
 Command of the Lieutenant General of the Army 
 the Lord Ethyn , was by the Enemy at a pals, called T a- 
 rum-bridg- , in Tor f fire, fiercely encountred ; in which 
 encounter My Lords Forces totally routed them, flew 
 many, and took many Priloners, and moft of their 
 Horfe Colours confiding of Seventeen Cornets ; and 
 fo march’d on to Tor\ with their Ammunition, with- 
 out any other Interruption. 
 
 My Lord, after he had received this Ammunition, 
 put his Army into a condition tomarch, and having 
 intelligence that the Queen was at Sea, with intention 
 to land in feme part of the Eaftriding o f Tor f fire, he 
 
 dire&ed 
 
Book I. 
 
 Duke of Newcastle, 
 
 23 
 
 direded his March in February 1642, into thole parts 
 to be ready to attend Her Majefties landings who was 
 then daily expeded from Holland. Within a ftiort 
 time; after it had pleafed God to proted Her Majefty 
 both from the fury of Wind and Waves, there be- 
 ing for leveral days fucha TempeftatSea, that Her 
 Majefty, with all her Attendance,, was in danger to 
 be call away every minute ; as allb from the fury of 
 the Rebels, which had the whole Naval Power of 
 the Kingdom then in their Hands : fhe arrived lafely 
 at a final 1 Port in the Eaftriding o iYorlpfbire, called 
 Burlington Key, where Her Majefty was no looner 
 landed, but the Enemy at Sea made continual (hot 
 againft her Ships in the Port, which reached not onely 
 Her Majefties landing, but even the Houle where fhe 
 lay (though without the leaft hurt to any) lo that 
 file her lelf, and her Attendants, were forced to leave 
 the lame, and to leek Protedion from a Hill near that 
 place, under which they retired; and all that while it 
 wasoblerved, that Her Majefty fhewedas much Cou^ 
 rage as ever any perlon could do ; for Her undaunted 
 and Generous lpirit was like herRoyal Birth, deriving 
 it lelf from that unparrallelfd King, Her Father, whole 
 Heroick Adionswill be in perpetual Memory, whileft 
 the W orld hath a being. 
 
 My Lord finding Her Majefty in this condition, 
 drew his Army near the place where Ihe was, ready 
 to attend and proted Her Majefties Perlon, who 
 
 was 
 
Book I. 
 
 The Life of William 
 
 was pleafed to take a view of the Army as it was 
 drawn up in order ; and immediately after , which 
 was in March 1 643, took Her journey towards Tor^ 
 whither the whole Army conduced Her Majefty, and 
 brought her lafe into the City. About this time,Her 
 Majefty having fome prelent occalion for Money, My 
 Lord prefented Her with 3000 1 . Sterling , which fhe 
 gracioully accepted of,and having Ipent Ibme time there 
 in Conlultation about the prelent affairs,ftie was plealed 
 to fend Ibme Armes and Ammunition to the King, 
 who was then in Oxford; to which end, my Lord or- 
 dered a Party confifting of 1500, well Commanded, 
 to condud the lame , with whom the Lord Percy , 
 who then had waited upon Her Majefty from the 
 King, returned to Oxford ; which Party His Majefty 
 was pleafed to keep with him for his own Service. 
 
 Not long after, My Lord, who always endeavour- 
 ed to win any place or perlbns by fair means, rather 
 then by uling of force, reduced to His Majefties obe^ 
 dience a ftrong Fort and Caftle upon the Sea, and a 
 very good Haven, call’d Scarborough- Caftle, perlwa- 
 ding the Governour thereof, who heretofore had op- 
 pofed his Forces at Tarum- bridg, with luch rational 
 and convincible Arguments, that he willingly ren- 
 dred himfelf, and all the Garilbn, unto His Majefties 
 Devotion ; By which prudent Adion My Lord 
 highly advanced His Majefties Intereft ; for by that 
 means the Enemy was much annoyed and prejudiced 
 
Book I. 
 
 25 
 
 Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 at Sea^ and a great part intheEaft-ridingof Tor^-jhire 
 kept in due obedience. 
 
 After th^ My Lord having received Intelligence 
 that the Enemies General of theHorfe* haddefigned Sir Tho- 
 rn march with a Party from Gawood Caftle^ whither fax. 
 they were fled from 7 ~ adc after ^ as before is mentioned., 
 to fome Garifons which they had in the Weft of 
 Yorkshire ■ prefen tlv order’d a party of Horfo, Com- 
 manded by the General of the Horfo, the Lord George 
 Goring , to attend the Enemy in their March., who o< 
 vertook them on a Moor^ call’d SeacroffrMoqr, and 
 fell upon their Rear 5 which caufed the Enemy to draw 
 up their Forces into a Body ; to whom they gave a 
 Total rout (although their number was much greater} 
 and took about 800 Prifoners., and 1 o or 1 a Colours 
 of Horfo, befides many that were (lain in the charge ; 
 which Prifoners were brought to Yorft, about 1 o or 1 2 
 miles diftant from that fame place. 
 
 Immediately after, inpurfoit of that Vi&ory ? My 
 Lordfent a confiderable Party into the Weft of Yorfy- 
 I fare , where they met with about 2000 of the Ene- 
 mies Forces, taken out of their feveral Garifons in ? ^ 
 thofe parts, to execute fomedefign upon a Moor cal- "•Af’ 
 led 2 anl\er ly 'Moor, and there fought them., and routed 
 them; many were {lain., and fome taken Prifoners. 
 
 Not long after., the Remainder of the Army that 
 were left at YorI^ y marched to Leeds, in the Weft of 
 YorJ^Jhire, and from thence to Wahgfteld, being both 
 
 H the 
 
26 
 
 The Life of W i LLIA M 
 
 the Enemies Quarters , to reduce and fettle that part 
 of the Country : My Lord having poflefted himfelf 
 of the Town of Warfield, it being large , and of 
 great compafs, and able to make a ftrong quarter, 
 order’d it accordingly; and receiving Intelligence 
 that in two Market-Towns South weft from Wake- 
 field ^ Rotheram and Sheffield 0 the Enemy was 
 very bufie to raife Forces againft his Majefty, and 
 had fortified them both about four miles diftant from 
 each other , hoping thereby to give protection and 
 encouragement to all thofe parts of the Country 
 which were populous, rich and rebellious , he thought 
 it neceflary to ufe his bell: endeavours to blaft thofe 
 their wicked defigns in the bud ; and thereupon took 
 a refblution in April 1643, to march with part of 
 his Army from Wakefield into the mentioned parts, 
 attended with a convenient Train of Artillery and 
 Ammunition , leaving the greateft part of it at W 
 field with the remainder of his Army, under the 
 Care and GonduCt of his General of the Horfe, and 
 Major General of the Army *, which was fo conffe 
 durable , both in refpefl: of their number and provi- 
 fion , that they did , as they might well , conceive 
 themfelves Matter of the Field in thofe parts , and 
 fecure in that quarter, although in the end it proved 
 not fb , as fhall hereafter be declared , which muft 
 neceflarily be imputed to their invigilancy and care- 
 lefsnefs. 
 
 My 
 
Book I. Duke Newcastle. 
 
 My Lord firft marched to Rot her am , and find- 
 ing that the Enemy had placed a Garifcn of Soldi- 
 ers in that Town, and fortified it, he drew up his 
 Army in the morning again!]: the Town , and fum- 
 rnon'd it; but they refilling to yield, my Lord fell 
 to work with his Cannon and Ivl usker , and within 
 a fhort time took it by ftorm , and enter’d the 
 Town that very night • fbme Enemies of note that 
 were found therein , were taken Prifoners * and as 
 for the common Soldiers , which were by the Ene- 
 my forced from their Allegiance, he ftiew’d fuch 
 Clemency to them, that very many willingly took 
 up Arms for His Majefties Service , and proved ve- 
 ry faithful and loyal Subjeds, and good Soldi- 
 ers, 
 
 After my Lord had flayed two or three dayes 
 there , and order’d thole parts , he marched with his 
 Army to Sheffield , another Market-Town of large 
 extent , in which there Was an ancient Cables which 
 when the Enemies Forces that kept the Town, came 
 to hear of, being terrified with the fame of my Lords 
 hitherto Vidorious Army, they fled aWay from 
 thence into Derby fhire , and left both Town and 
 Caftle ( without any blow ) to my Lords Mercy * 
 and though the people in the Town were moft of 
 them rebellioufly affeded , yet my Lord fb prudent- 
 ly ordered "he bufinefs , that within a fhort time he 
 reduced moft of them to their Allegiance by love;, 
 
 and 
 
23 
 
 T he Life of Wi l l i a m 
 
 Book I. 
 
 Sir Wi ll • 
 
 Sav 'd Kr. 
 and Bar. 
 
 and the reft by fear, and recruited his Army dai- 
 ly • he put a Garifon of Soldiers into the Caftle, 
 and fortified it in all refpe&s, and conftituted a Gen- 
 tleman of Quality * Governour both of the Caftle-, 
 Town and Country,* and finding near that place 
 fbme Iron Works, he gave ptefent order for the 
 calling of Iron Cannon for his Garifbns, and for 
 the making of other Inftruments and Engines of 
 War. 
 
 Within a fhort time after, my Lord receiving 
 Intelligence that the Enemy in the Garifbns near 
 Wakefield had united themfelves, and being drawn 
 into a body in the night time, had furprifed and en- 
 ter'd the Town of Wakefield , and taken all ormoft 
 of the Officers and Soldiers, left there, Prifbners, 
 (amongft whom was alfo the General of the Horfe, 
 the Lord Cjoring , whom my Lord afterwards redeem’d 
 by Exchange ) and poffefled themfelves of the whole 
 Ma gazine, which was a very great lofs and hinderance 
 to my Lords defigns, it being the Moity of his 
 Army, arid moft of his Ammunition, he fell up- 
 on hew Counfels, and refolved without any delay 
 to march from thence back towards Tar^, which was 
 in May 1643 , where after he had refted fbme time, 
 HerMajefty being refolved to take Her Journey to- 
 wards the Southern parts of the Kingdom, where the 
 King was, defigned firft to go from Tor\ to Pomfret, 
 whither my Lord ordered the whole Marching Army 
 
 to 
 
Bookl. 
 
 Duke of Newcastle, 
 
 to be in readinefi to conduit Her Majefty ^ 
 which they did he himfelf attending Her Majeftv 
 in perfon. And after Her Majefty had retted there 
 tome finall time 5 fbe being defirous to proceed in Her 
 intended Journey , no lets then a formed Army was 
 able to tecure Her Perfon : Wherefore my Lord 
 
 was refolved out of his fidelity and duty to fopply 
 Her with an Army of 7000 Horte and Foot 5 be- 
 tides a convenient Train of Artillery for Her lafer 
 Conduit j chufing rather to leave himielf in a weak 
 condition (though he was even then very near the 
 Enemies Garifons in that part of the Country ) then 
 foffer Her Majefties Perfon to be expofed to danger. 
 Which Army of 7000 men., when Her Majefty 
 Was tafely arrived to the King 5 He was pleafed to 
 keep with him for His own Service. 
 
 After Her Ma/efties departure out of Yorkjhire , 
 my Lord was forced to recruit again his Army^ and 
 within a fhort time., vizy in June 1643^ tookare- 
 folution to march into the Enemies Quarters , in the 
 Wefiern parts j in which march he met with a ftrong 
 ftonehoufewell fortified, call'd Howley- Houfe^ where- 
 in was a Garifon of Soldiers 3 which my Lordlum- 
 inon’d ; but the Governour difcbeying the fummons p 
 he batter’d it with his Cannon 3 and fo took it by 
 force j the Governour having quarter given him con- 
 trary to my Lords Orders ., was brought before my 
 Lord by a Perfon of Quality , for which the OiK- 
 
 I cer 
 
 1 
 
crs 
 
 o 7 he Life of William Book L 
 
 cer that brought him , received a check ; and though 
 he refclved then to kill him, yet my Lord would 
 not fuffer him to do it , laying , It was inhumane 
 to kill any man in cold blood. Hereupon the Go- 
 vernour kils’d the Key of the Houle door, andpre- 
 lented it to my Lord; to which my Lord return'd 
 this anlwer , I need it not , laid he , for I brought a 
 Key along with me , which yet I was unwilling to ufe , 
 until you forced me to it. 
 
 At this Houle my Lord remained five or fix days 
 till he had refreshed his Soldiers ; and then a relblu- 
 tion was taken to march again!! a Garilon of the 
 Enemies call’d Bradford , a little , but a ftrong Town- 
 in the way he met with a ftrong interruption by the 
 Enemy drawing forth a vaft number of Mulque- 
 tiers 3 which they had very privately gotten out of 
 Lancashire , the next adjoining County to thole parts 
 of Tor fjhire, which had lo eafie an accels to them at 
 Bradford , by realbn the whole Country was of their 
 Party, that my Lord could not poffibly have any 
 conftant intelligence of their defigns and motions ; for 
 in their Army there were near 5000 Mufquetiers, and 
 1 8 T roops of Horfe,dra wn up in a place full of hedges, 
 called therton-moor D near to their Garilon at Brad- 
 
 ford, ready to encounter my Lords Forces, which 
 then contained not above half fo many Mulquetiers 
 as the Enemy had ; their chiefeft ftrength confifting 
 in Horfe, and thele made ulelels for a long time to- 
 gether 
 
Eookl. Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 gether, by the Enemies Horfe poffeffing all the plain 
 ground upon that Field ; fo that noplace was left to 
 draw up my Lords Horfe, but amongft old Coal- 
 pits r Neither could they charge the Enemy, byrea- 
 fon of a great ditch and high bank betwixt my Lord's 
 and the Enemies Troops, but by two on a breaft, 
 and that within Mufquet fhot ; the Enemy being 
 drawn up in hedges, and continually playing upon 
 them, which rendred the fervice exceeding difficult and 
 hazardous. 
 
 In the mean while the Foot of both fides on the 
 right and left Wings, encounter’d each other, who 
 fought from Hedg to Hedg , and for a long time 
 together overpower’d and got ground of my Lords 
 Foot, almoft to the invironing of his Cannon; my 
 Lords Horfe ( wherein confifted his greateft ftrength) 
 all this while being made, by reafon of the ground, 
 incapable of charging ; at laft the Pikes of my Lords 
 Army having had no employment all the day, were 
 drawn againft the Enemies left wing , and particu- 
 larly thofe of my Lords own R egiment , which 
 were all flout and valiant men, who fell fo furioufly 
 upon the Enemy, that they forfook their hedges, and 
 fell to their heels : At which very inftant,my Lord cau~ 
 fed a fhot or two to be made by his Cannon againfe the 
 Body of the Enemies Horfe,drawn up within Cannon 
 fhot, which took fo goodeffed, that it difordered the 
 
 Enemies Troops ; Hereupon my Lord’s Horfe got 
 
 over 
 
Book I 
 
 The Life of VV illia m 
 
 over the Hedg, not in a body ( for that they could 
 not ) but difperfedly two on a bread ; and as fbon as 
 feme confiderable number was gotten over, and drawn 
 up, they charged the Enemy, and routed them * fo 
 that in an inftant there was a drange change of For- 
 tune, and the Field totally won by my Lord, notwith- 
 (landing he had quitted 7000 Men, to conduit Her 
 Majedy, befides a good Train of Artillery, which in 
 fuch a Conjun&ure would have weakned Cxfars Ar- 
 my. In this Vi&ory the Enemy loft mod of their 
 Foot, about 3000 were taken Prifbners, and 700 
 Horfe and Foot [lain, and thofe that efeaped, fled in- 
 to their Garifbn at ‘Bradford, amongd whom was alfo 
 their General of the Horfe. 
 
 After this, My Lord caufed his Army to be rallied, 
 and marched in order that night befoveBradford, with 
 an intention to dorm it the next morning , but the 
 Enemy that were in the Town, it feems, were fo dif- 
 comfited, that the fame night they efeaped all various 
 ways,and amongd them the laid General of the Horfe, 
 whofe Lady being behind a Servant on Horfe- back, 
 was taken by feme of My Lord’s Soldiers and brought 
 to his Quarters , where (he was treated and attend- 
 ed with all civility and refped , and within few days 
 fent to Torh^ in my Lords own Coach, and from 
 thence very fhortly after to Kingdom upon Hull , 
 where die defired to be , attended by my Lords 
 Coach and Servants^ 
 
 Thus 
 
Book L Duke of Newcastle, 5 
 
 Thus my Lord., after the Enemy was gone^ en- 
 tred the Town and Garifon of Bradford , by which 
 Vidory the Enemy was fo daunted, that theyfor- 
 fook the reft of their Garifons that is to fay., HaL 
 lifax , Leeds and Wakefield , and difperfed themfelves 
 feverally^ the chief Officers retiring to H##., a ftrong 
 Garifon of the Enemy; and though my Lord^ know- 
 ing they would make their efcape thither y as having 
 no other place of refuge to refort to y fent a Letter 
 to Tori ^ to theGovernour of that City 3 to flop them 
 in their paflage; yet by negled of the Poft., it com- 
 ing not timely enough to his hands 5 his Defign was 
 fruftrated. 
 
 The whole County of Tor ^ fave onely Hull, 
 being now cleared and fetled by my Lords Care and 
 CondudG he marched to the City of TorJ^, and ha- 
 ving a competent number of Horfe well armed and 
 commanded ^ he quartered them in the Eaft-riding^ 
 near Hull y there being no vifible Enemy then to op" 
 pole them : In the mean while my Lord receiving 
 News that the Enemy had made an Invafion into the 
 next adjoining County of Lincoln y where he had 
 feme Forces^ he prefently difpatched * his Lieute- The Lord 
 nant General of the Army away with fome Horfe 
 and Dragoons ., and foon after marched thither him- 
 felf with the body of the Army., being earneftly 
 defired by his Majefties Party there. The Forces 
 which my Lord had in the fame County , command- 
 
 K ' ' ed 
 
 
Book I. 
 
 The Life of W i l l i A M 
 
 ed by the then Lieutenant General of theHor(e,Mr. 
 Charles Cavendijh , focond Brother to the now Earl 
 of Devonjhire 0 though they had timely notice, and 
 Orders from my Lord to make their retreat to the 
 Lieutenant-General of the Army, and not to fight 
 the Enemy ; yet the laid Lieutenant-General of the 
 Horfe being tran/ported by his Courage*, ( he being 
 a Perfon of great Valour and Conduit ) and having 
 charged the Enemy, unfortunately loft the fields and 
 himfelf was flain in the Charge,his Horfe lighting in a 
 bogg : Which news being brought to my Lord when 
 he was on his March, he made all the haft he could, 
 and was no (boner joined with his Lieutenant Ge- 
 neral , but fell upon the Enemy , and put them to 
 flight. 
 
 The firft Garifon my Lord took in Lincolnjhire } 
 was Gainsborrough , a Town (landing upon the Ri- 
 ver Trent , wherein ( not long before ) had been a 
 Garifon of Soldiers for HisMajefty, under the Com- 
 mand of the then Earl of Ifingfone , but (urprifed, 
 and the Town Taken by the Enemies Forces, who 
 having an intention to conveigh the (aid Earl of 
 IQngftone from thence to Hull in a little Pinnace, 
 met with fome of my Lords Forces by the way , 
 commanded by the Lieutenant of the Army , who 
 being defirous to refoue the Earl of Kingflone , and 
 making fome fhots with their Regiment Pieces, 
 to ftop the Pinnace, unfortunately flew him, and 
 one of his 5ervants. My 
 
Book I. 
 
 Duke ^Newcastle. 
 
 My Lord drawing near the mentioned Town of 
 Gaimborrougb , there appear’d on the tpp of a Hill 
 above the Town, fbmeof the Enemies Horfe drawn 
 up in a body; whereupon he immediately fent a 
 party of his Horfe to view them ; who no fboner 
 came within their fight , but they retreated fairly Id 
 long as they could well endure ; but the purfuit of 
 my Lords Horfe caufed them prefently to break their 
 ranks, and fall to their heels; where mod of them 
 efcaped , and fled to Lincoln , another of their Gar- 
 rifdns. Hereupon my Lord fummon’d the Town of 
 Gainsborrough ; but the Governour thereof refufing 
 to yield, caufed my Lord to plant his Cannon, and 
 draw up his Army on the mention’d Hill ; and ha- 
 ving play’d fbme little while upon the Town, put 
 the Enemy into fuch a terror , that the Governour 
 lent out, and offer’d the furrender of the Town up- 
 on fair terms , which my Lord thought fit rather to 
 embrace, then take it by force; and though accor- 
 ding to the Articles of Agreement made between 
 them , both the Enemies Arms and the Keys of the 
 Town fhould have been fairly delivered to my Lord; 
 yet it being not performed as it was expe&ed, the 
 Arms being in a confuted manner thrown down,and 
 the Gates let wide open, the Prifbners that had been 
 kept in the Town , began firft to plunder ; which 
 my Lords Forces feeing, did the fame, although it 
 was againft my Lords will and orders. 
 
 After 
 
3 6 
 
 The Life of W illiam 
 
 Book L 
 
 After my Lord had thus reduced the Town 5 and 
 put a good Carilon of Soldiers into it; and better for- 
 tified i^ he marched before Lincoln 3 and there he 
 entred with his Army without great difficulty ; and 
 plac’d allb a Garifon in it; and raifed a confidera- 
 ble Army; both Horfe; Foot and Dragoons; for 
 the prefervation of that County 3 and put them un- 
 der Commanders 3 and conftituted a Perlon of Ho- 
 The Lord nour * Commander in Chief; with intention to 
 mddmig marc } 1 towarc | s t [ye South ; which if it had taken ef- 
 
 fed; would doubtlels have made an end of that War ; 
 but he being daily importuned by the Nobility and 
 Gentry of Yorfyfhire 3 to return into that County; 
 elpecially upon the perfwafions of the Commander 
 in Chief of the Forces left there; who acquainted 
 my Lord that the Enemy grew lo ftrong every day; 
 being got together in tQngflone upon Hull y and an- 
 noying that Country; that his Forces were not able 
 to bear up againft them; alledging withall 3 that my 
 Lord would be fulpeded to betray the Truft repo- 
 fed in him 3 if he came not to luccour and affift 
 them; he went back with his Army for the prote- 
 dion of that lame Country ; and when he arrived 
 there; which was in Augujl 1645 3 he found the E- 
 nemy of lb fmall confequence ; that they did all flie 
 before him. About this time His Majefty was plea- 
 led to honour my Lord for His true and faithful 
 Service; with the Title of Marquefi of Newcafile. 
 
Book I. 
 
 37 
 
 Duke (^Newcastle. 
 
 My Lord being returned into Yorl^-jhire , forced 
 the Enemy firft from a Town called Beverly, where- 
 in they had a Garifon of Soldiers ; and from thence, 
 upon the entreaty of the Nobility and Gentry of 
 Yorl^Jhire , Q as before is mentioned ) who promifed 
 him Ten thoufand men for that purpofe., though 
 they came fhort of their performance 5 marched near 
 the Town of Kingflone upon Hull, and befieged that 
 part of the Garifon that bordered on Torh^jhire, for 
 a certain time ; in which time the Enemy took the 
 courage to folly out of the Town with a ftrong 
 party of Horfe and Foot very early in the morn- 
 ing y with purpofe to have forced the Quarters of a 
 Regiment of my Lords Horfe; that were quarter’d 
 next the Town; but by the vigilancy of their Com- 
 mander Sir Marmadufy Langdale , afterwards Lord 
 Langdale , his Forces being prepared for their reception, 
 they received foch a W elcome as coft many of them 
 their Lives mod of their Foot ( but foch as were 
 flain) being taken Prifoners; and thofeof their Horfe 
 that efeaped ^ got into their Hold at Hull. 
 
 The Enemy thus feeing that they could do my 
 Lords Army no further damage on that fide of the 
 River in YorJ^jhire, endeavoured by all means(from 
 Hull, and other confederate places in the Eaftern 
 parts of the Kingdom) to form a confiderable par- 
 ty to annoy and difturb the Forces railed by my 
 Lord in Lincolnjhire , and left there for the prote&i- 
 
 L . on 
 
3 8 
 
 The Life of W illia m 
 
 Book I. 
 
 on of that County ; where the Enemy being drawn 
 together in a bqdy , fought my Lords Forces in his 
 abEnce , and got the honour of the day near Horn- 
 by Caftle in that County, which lofs, caufed part- 
 ly by their own rafhnels, forced my Lord to leave 
 his defign upon Hull, and to march back with his 
 Army to Tor f which was in October 1 643 ^ where 
 he remained but a few dayes to refrefh his Army , 
 and receiving intelligence that the Enemy was got in- 
 to Derbyshire , and did grow numerous there , and 
 bufie in Educing the people , that Country being un- 
 der my Lords Command, he refolved to diredt his 
 March thither in the beginning of November 1643, 
 to fupprels their further growth , and to that end 
 quarter’d his Army at Chefterfield , and in all the parts 
 thereabout , for a certain time. 
 
 Immediately after his departure from Torf^ to Pom- 
 fret , in his (aid March into Derby flme , the City of 
 Torhfh , nt to my Lord to inform him of their inten- 
 tion to chuE another Mayor for the year following, 
 defiring his pleafure about it : My Lord, who knew 
 that the Mayor for the year before, was a perfon 
 of much Loyalty and DiEretion, declared his mind 
 to them. That he thought it fit to continue him 
 Mayor alE> for the year following ; which it Eems 
 they did not like , but reEdved to chufe one which 
 they pleaEd , contrary to my Lords defire. My Lord 
 perceiving their intentions , about the time of the E- 
 
 ledhon. 
 
Book I. 
 
 Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 39 
 
 le&ion felt orders to the Governour of the City of 
 Yor to permit luch Forces to enter into the City 
 as he (hould lend; which being done accordingly, 
 they upon the Day of the Election repaired to the 
 Town-Hall, and with their Arms ftaid there until 
 they had continued the laid Mayor according to my 
 Lords delire. 
 
 During the time of my Lords flay at Chefterfield 
 in Derbyjhire, he ordered lome part of his Army 
 to march before a Ijxong Houle and Garilon of the 
 Enemies, call’d Wingfield Mannor , which in afhort 
 time they took by ftorm. And when my Lotd had 
 railed in that County as many Forces, Horle and 
 Foot, as were luppoled to be liifficient to prelerve 
 it from the fury of the Enemy, he armed them, and 
 conftituted an Honourable Perlbn * Commander in The Lord 
 Chief of all the Forces of that County, and of Lei-f 6r fi^ h ' J 
 cefierjhire * and lo leaving it in that condition, march- 
 ed in December 1643 , from Chefler field to Bolfover in 
 the lame County, and from thence to Welbec\ in 
 Nottinghamjhire , to his own Houle and Garilon, in 
 which parts he ftaid lome time , both to refreflh his 
 Army, and to let tie and reform lome dilbrders he 
 found there, leaving no vilible Enemy behind him in 
 Derby (hire , lave onely an inconliderable party in the 
 Town of Derby, which they had fortified, not worth 
 the labour to reduce it* 
 
 About 
 
4° 
 
 The Life of W illiam 
 
 Book I. 
 
 The Lord 
 
 SiHafis a 
 
 About this time the report came, that a great Army 
 out of Scotland , was upon their march towards the 
 Northern parts of England , to aflifl: the Enemy a- 
 gainft His Majelly, which forced the Nobility and 
 Gentry of Torhfhire to invite my Lord back again in- 
 to thofe parts, with promile to raife for his fervice, an 
 Army of ioooo men; My Lord (not upon this prof- 
 fer, which had already heretofore deceived him, but 
 out of his Loyalty and duty to preferve thole parts 
 which were committed to his care^and prote&ion ) re- 
 turned in the middle of January 1643. And when he 
 came there , he found not one man railed to af 
 fill him againft lo powerful an Army, nor an intention 
 of railing any; Wherefore he wasnecellitated to raife 
 himfelf, out of the Countrey, what forces he could get^ 
 and when he had fettled the affairs in Torl^-fire as well 
 as time and his prefent condition would permit, and 
 conftituted an honourable Perlon * Governor of Tori ^ 
 and Commander in chief of a very conliderable par- 
 ty of horfe and foot for the defence of the County 
 (for Sx. Thomas (jlemham was then made Colonel Ge- 
 neral, and marched into the Field with the Army) he 
 took his march to Newcaftle in the beginning of Fe* 
 hruary 1643, to give a flop to the Scots army. 
 
 Prefently after his coming thither with fomeof his 
 Tr oups, before his whole army was come up, he recei- 
 ved intelligence of the Scots Armie s near approach, 
 whereupon he lent forth a party of horfe to view them, 
 
 who 
 
Book I. 
 
 Duke of N EWCAS ILE, 
 
 4 1 
 
 who found them very ftrong., to the number of 
 22000 Horfe and Foot well armed and command- 
 ed: They marched up towards the Town with Inch 
 confidence ^ as if the Gates had been open d for their 
 reception ; and the General of their Army feenf d to 
 take no notice of my Lords being in it , for which 
 afterwards he excelled. himfelf; but as they drew near, 
 they found not fuch entertainment as they expeded; 
 for though they aflaulted a Work that was not fi- 
 nished ^ yet they were beaten off with much lofs. 
 
 The Enemy being thus ftopt before the Towm, 
 thought fit to quarter near it , in that part of the 
 Country; and fo foon as my Lords Army was come 
 up , he defigned one night to have fallen into their 
 Quarter ; but by reafon of fome negled of his Or- 
 ders in not giving timely notice to the party defign- 
 ed for it y it took not an effed anfwerable to his ex- 
 pedation. In a word , there were three Defigns ta- 
 ken againft the Enemy ^ whereof if one had but hit, 
 they would doubtlefs have been loft ; but there was 
 fo much Treachery a Jugling and Falfhood in my 
 Lords own Army., that it was impoffible for him 
 to be fuccefsful in his Defigns and Undertakings. 
 However ^ though it failed in the Enemies Foot- 
 Quarters^ which lay neareft the Town ; yet it took 
 good effed in their Horfe- Quarters y which were more 
 remote; for my Lord’s Horfe 3 Commanded by a 
 very gallant and worthy Gentleman * falling upon 
 
 M them. 
 
42 7 he Life of W illia m Book I 
 
 them , gave them fuch an Alarm , that all they could 
 do , . was to draw into the Field , where my Lord’s 
 Forces charged them , and in a little time routed them 
 totally ^ and kill’d and took many Friloners, to the 
 number of 1500. 
 
 Upon this the Enemy was forced to draw their 
 whole Army together , and to quarter them a little 
 more remote from the Town , and to leek out in- 
 acceffible places for their lecurity , as afterwards ap- 
 pear’d more plainly ; for lb loon as my Lord had 
 prepared his Army for a March he drew them 
 forth again ft the Scots , which he found quarter’d up- 
 on high Hills dole by the River Tyne , where they 
 could not be encounter’d but upon very diladvan- 
 tagious terms ,* befides , that day proved very ftor- 
 my and tempeftuous , lo that my Lord was necelft- 
 tated to withdraw his Forces , and retire into his own 
 Quarters. 
 
 The next day after, the Scots Army finding ill har- 
 bour in thole quarters, marched from hill to hill into 
 another part of the Bilhoprick of Durham , near the 
 Seacoaft,to a Town called Sunderland , and thereup- 
 on my Lord thought fit to march to Durham, to ftop 
 their further progrels, where he had contrived the bu- 
 finels lb, that they were either forced to fight or ftarve 
 within a little time. The firft was offered to them 
 twice, that is to lay, at Penjher -hills one day, and at 
 Tow den -hills another day in the Bilhoprick of Durham : 
 
 But 
 
Book I. 
 
 43 
 
 D u k e of Newcastle. 
 
 But my Lord found them at both times drawn up in 
 fuch places, as he could not poffibly charge them* where- 
 fore he retired again to Durham , with an intention 
 to ftreighten their Quarters, and to wait upon them 
 if ever they left their Holds and inacceffible places. 
 In the mean time it hapned that the Earl of Montrofe 
 came to the fame place, and having fome defign for his 
 Majefties fervice in Scotland , defired My Lord to give 
 him the affi fiance of fome of his Forces ; and although 
 My Lord flood then in prefent need of them , and 
 could not coveniently fpare any, having fc great an 
 Armytooppofe ; yet out of a defire to advance His 
 Majeflies fervice as much as lay in his power, he was 
 willing to part with 200 Horfe and Dragoons to the 
 faid Earl. 
 
 TheSVatr perceiving My Lords vigilancy and care, 
 contented themfelves with their own quarters, which 
 could not have forv’d them long, but that a great mifi 
 fortune befel My Lords Forces i nTorh^fhire, for the 
 Governour whom he had left behind with fufficient 
 Forces for the defence of that Country, although he 
 had orders not to encounter the Enemy, but to keep 
 
 himfelf in a defenfive poflure ; yet he being a man of 
 great valour and courage, it tranfported him fo much 
 
 that he refolved to face the Enemy, and offering to keep 
 a Town that was not tenable *, was utterly routed, and 
 himfelf taken Prifoner, although he fought moft gal- 
 
 So 
 
44 
 
 J he Life of W i l l i a 
 
 M 
 
 Book! 
 
 So loon as my Lord received this fad Intelligence, 
 he upon Conlultation, and upon very good Grounds 
 of R eafon, took a refolution not to flay between the 
 two Armies of the Enemies, the Scots and the 
 Englijh, that had prevailed in Yortybire, but immedi- 
 ately to march into Yorlp-fhire with his Army , to pre- 
 ferve (if poffible ) the City of Yorh^ out of the Ene- 
 mies hands : which retreat was ordered fo well., and 
 with fuch excellent Conduct, that though the Army 
 of the Scots marched clofe upon their R ear, and fought 
 them every day of their retreat, yet they gained feve- 
 ral Pafles for their fecurity, and entred fafe and well 
 into the City of Yor^ in April 1643. 
 
 My Lord being now at Yorl and finding three 
 Armies againfl him, the Army of the Scots y the 
 
 Army of the Snglijh that gave the defeat to theGover- 
 nour of Yorh^ and an Army that was railed out of af- 
 fbciate Counties, and but little Ammunition and Pro- 
 vifion in the Town ; was forced to fend hisHorfea- 
 way to quarter in feveral Counties, vi^. Derhyfjire , 
 Nottinghamshire y LetceJierJhire , for their fubfiflance, un- 
 der the Conduct of his Lieutenant-General of the 
 Horfe, My dear Brother Sir Charles Lucas , himlelf 
 remaining at Yorf ^ 3 with his Foot and Train for the 
 defence of that City. 
 
 In the mean time, the Enemy having clofely be- 
 fiedged theCity on all fides, came to the very Gates 
 thereof, and pull'd out the Earth at one end, as thofe 
 
 in 
 
Book I. 
 
 Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 in the City put it in at the other end • they planted 
 their great Cannons againft in, and threw in Graha- 
 does at pleafure : But thofe in the City made feveral 
 lallies upon them with good fuccefe At laft, the Ge- 
 
 neral of the affociate Army of the Enemy, having 
 clofely beleaguer’d the North fide of the Town, 
 fprung a Mine under the wall of the Mannor-yard,and 
 blew part of it up ; and having beaten back the Town- 
 Forces (although they behaved themfelves very gal- 
 lantly) enter’d the Mannor-houfe with a great num- 
 ber of their men, which as fcon as my Lord percei- 
 ved, he went away in all hafte, even to the amazement 
 of all that were by, not knowing what he intended to 
 do ; and drew 80 of his own Regiment of Foot, cal- 
 led the White- Coats, all ftout and valiant Men., to 
 that Port, who fought the Enemy with that courage, 
 that within a little time they killed and took 1 500 of 
 them;and My Lord gave prefent order to make up the 
 breach which they had made in the wall ; W hereupon 
 the Enemy remain’d without any other attempt in that 
 kind., fo long, till almoft all provifion for the fupport 
 of the foldiery in the City was fpent, which never- 
 thelefs was fo well ordered by my Lords Prudence, 
 that no Famine or great extremity of want en- 
 
 fued. 
 
 My Lord having held out in that manner above 
 two Months , and withftood the ftrength of three 
 Armies , and feeing that his Lieutenant-General of 
 . , N the 
 
T he Life of W illiam 
 
 Book I. 
 
 the Horfe whom he had fent for relief to His Maje- 
 fty , could not fo fo on obtain it ( although he ufed 
 his befi endeavour ) for to gain yet feme little time, 
 began to treat with the Enemy ; ordering in the mean 
 while 3 and upon the Treaty, to double and treble 
 his Guards. At laft after three Months time from 
 the beginning of the Siege, His Majefty was pleafed 
 to lend an Army., which joining with my Lords Horfe 
 that were fent to quarter in the aforefeid Countreys , 
 came to relieve the City , under the Condud of the 
 mod Gallant and Heroick Prince Rupert , his Ne- 
 phew j upon whofe approach near Torfy, the Enemy 
 drew from before the City, into an entire Body, and 
 marched away on the Weft- fide of the River On>fe y 
 that runs through the City, His Majefties Forces 
 being then of the Eaft-fide of that R iver. 
 
 My Lord immediately fent feme perfons of Qua- 
 lity to attend His Highnefs, and to invite him into 
 the City to confelt with him about that important 
 A^ffair , and to gain fo much time as to open a Port 
 to march forth with his Cannon and Foot which 
 were in the Town , to join with His Highnefs's For- 
 ces; and w 7 ent himfelf the next day in perfon to wait 
 on His Highnefe; whereafter feme Conferences, he 
 declared his Mind to the Prince , defiring His High- 
 nefe not to attempt any thing as yet upon the Enemy , 
 for he had intelligence that there was feme difcon- 
 tent between them , and that they were refclved to 
 
 divide 
 
Book I. 
 
 Duke of N e wc as t l e . 
 
 divide themfelves, and fc> to raife the Siege without 
 fighting: Befldes, my Lord expe&ed within two 
 
 dayes, Collonel Cleavering, with above three thou- 
 fand men out of the North , and two thoufand 
 drawn out of feveral Garifbns, ( who alfo came at 
 the fame time, though it was then too late ) But 
 His Highnefe anfwered my Lord , That he had a 
 Letter from His Majefty (then at Oxford ) with a po- 
 fitive and abfblute Command to fight the Enemy • 
 which in Obedience, and according to his Duty he 
 was bound to perform. Whereupon my Lord re- 
 plied 3 That he was ready and willing for his part, 
 to obey his Highnels in all things, no other wife then 
 if His Majefty was there in Perfon Himfelf • and 
 though feveral of my Lords Friends ad vifed him not 
 to engage in Battel , becaufe the Command ( as they 
 laid ) was taken from Him: Yet my Lord anfwer’d 
 them. That happen what would, he would not 
 fhun to fight , for he had no other ambition but to 
 live and dye a Loyal Subjed to His Majefty. 
 
 Then the Prince and my Lord conferf d with fe- 
 veral of their Officers, amongft whom there were 
 feveral Dilputes concerning the advantages which the 
 Enemy had of Sun , W ind and Ground. The Horfe 
 of His Majefties Forces , was drawn up in both 
 Wings upon that fatal Moor call’d Hejfom-Moor; and 
 my Lord ask’d His Highnefs what Service he would 
 be pleas’d to command him ; who return’d this An- 
 
 fwer. 
 
48 The Life of W illiam Book I* 
 
 fwer , That he would begin no a&ion upon the E- 
 nemy , till early in the morning ; defiring my Lord 
 to repofe himfelf till then : Which my Lord did, 
 and went to reft in his own Coach that was dole by 
 in the Field, until the time appointed. 
 
 Not long had My Lord been there 9 but he heard 
 a great noife and thunder of (hooting , which gave 
 him notice of the Armies being engaged : Where- 
 upon he immediately put on his Arms , and was no 
 (boner got on Horfe-back , but he beheld a dife 
 mal fight of the Horfeof His Majefties right Wing, 
 which out of a panick fear had left the Field, and 
 run away with all the (peed they could * and though 
 my Lord made them ftand once, yet they imme- 
 diately betook themfelves to their heels again , and 
 killed even thofe of their own party that endeavour- 
 ed to flop them j the Left W ing in the mean time. 
 Commanded by thole two Valiant Perfons , the 
 Lord Goring , and Sir Charles Lucas , having the bet- 
 ter of the Enemies Right Wing, which they beat 
 back mod valiantly three times , and made their Ge- 
 neral retreat, info much that they founded Vi- 
 ctory. 
 
 In this Confufion my Lord ( accompanied onely 
 with his Brother Sir Charles Cavendifb , Major Scot 9 
 Capt. Marine , and his Page) haftning to fee in what 
 pofture his own Regiment was, met with a Troop 
 of Gentlemen- Voluntiers , who formerly had cho- 
 
 fen 
 
Book I. 
 
 49 
 
 Duke of Newcastle, 
 
 fen him their Captain 3 notwithftanding he was Ge- 
 neral of an Army • , to whom my Lord fpake after 
 this manner: Gentlemen, fa id he. Ton have done me the 
 Honour to chufe me your Captain , and now is the fine [l 
 time that I may do you fiervice • wherefore if yon l follow 
 me , 1 fball lead you on the befl I can , and fhew you the 
 way to your own Honour. They being as glad of my 
 Lords Profer, as my Lord was of their Readinefe, 
 went on with the greateft Courage ; and palling 
 through Two Bodies of Foot, engaged with each 
 other not at forty yards diftance , received not the 
 leaft hurt, although they fired quick upon each others 
 but marched towards a Scots Regiment of Foot, 
 which they charged and routed ; in which Encoun- 
 ter my Lord himfelf kill’d Three with his Pages half- 
 leaden Sword , for he had no other left him ; and 
 though all the Gentlemen in particular , offer’d him 
 their Swords , yet my Lord refufed to take a Sword 
 of any of them. At laft, after they had pafs’d through 
 this Regiment Gf Foot, a Pike-man made aftandto 
 the whole Troop, and though my Lord charg’d 
 him twice or thrice, yet he could not enter him ; 
 but the Troop difpatched him foon. 
 
 In all thefe Encounters my Lord got not the leaft 
 hurt , though feveral were flain about him ; and his 
 White-Coats fhew’d fuch an extraordinary Valour 
 and Courage in that Adion, that they were kill din 
 Rank and File : And here I cannot but mention by 
 
 O the 
 
o 
 
 Book I. 
 
 The Life of W illiam 
 
 - 
 
 the way. That it is remarkable, that in all actions and 
 undertakings where My Lord was in Perfon himfelf,he 
 was always V idorious, and profpered in the execu- 
 tion of his defigns ; but whatfoever was loft or luc- 
 ceeded ill, happen’d in his abfence, and was caufed ei- 
 ther by the Treachery ,or Negligence and Car elefnefs 
 of his Officers. 
 
 My Lord being the laft in the Field, and feeing that 
 all was loft, and that every one of His Majefties Par- 
 ty made their efcapes in the beft manner they could ; 
 he being moreover inquired after by feveral of his 
 Friends, who had all a great love andrefped for my 
 Lord, efpecially by the then Earl of Craford ( who 
 lov'd my Lord fb well that he gave 20 s. to one that 
 aflured him of his being alive and fafe, telling him, that 
 that was all he had) went towards Torl^ late at night, 
 accompanied onely with his Brother, and one or two 
 of hisfervants; and coming near the Town, met His 
 Highnefs Prince Rupert, with the Lieutenant General 
 of the Army, the Lord Ethyn ; His Highnefs asked 
 My Lord how the bufinefs w r ent ? To whom he an- 
 fwered. That all was loft and gone on their fide. 
 
 That night my Lord remained in TorJ^; and ha- 
 ving nothing left in his power to do his Majefty any 
 further fervice in that kind ; for he had neither Am- 
 munition , nor Money to raife more Forces , to 
 keep either or any other Towns that were yet 
 in His Majefties Devotion, well knowing that thole 
 
 which 
 
Book I. Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 which were left could not hold out long, and being 
 allb loath to have afperfions call: upon him, that he 
 did fell them to the Enemy, in cale he could not keep 
 them; he took aRefolution, and that juftly and ho- 
 nourably, to forlake the Kingdom ; and to that end, 
 went the next morning to the Prince, and acquainted 
 him with his Defign , defiring HisHighnels would be 
 pleafed to give this true and juft report of him to his 
 Majefty, that he had behaved himfelf like anhoneft 
 man, a Gentleman, and a Loyal fubjeift : Which re- 
 queft the Prince having granted, my Lord took his 
 leave ; and being conduced by a Troop of Horle, and 
 aTroop of Dragoons to Scarborough, -wznt to Sea, and 
 took (hipping for Hamborougb ; the Gentry of the 
 Country, who alfo came to take their leaves of My 
 Lord, being much troubled at his departure, and 
 (peaking very honourably of him, as (urely they had 
 no reafon to the contrary. 
 
 THE 
 
Book II. 
 
 The Life of W i l l i a m 
 
 The Second Book. 
 
 H Aving hitherto faithfully related the life of My 
 Noble Lord and Husband,and the chief Acti- 
 ons which He performed during the time of his being 
 employed in His Majefties Service for the Good and 
 Intereft of his King and Country, until the time of his 
 going out of England , I fhall now give you a jufl: ac- 
 count of all that palled during the time of his banifh- 
 ment, till the return into his native Country. 
 
 My Lord being a Wife Man, and forefeeing well 
 what thelofe of that fatal Battle upon Hejfom*moorp £ ar 
 Tor^ would produce, by which not onely thofe of 
 His Majefties Party in the Northern parts of the 
 Kingdom, but in all other parts of His Majefties Do- 
 minions both in England , Scotland and Ireland were 
 loft and undone, and that there was no other way, but 
 either to quit the Kingdom, or fubmit to the Enemy, 
 or die , he refolved upon the former, and preparing 
 for his journey, asked his Steward, How Much 
 Money he had left ? Who anlwer’d, That he had but 
 90 1 . My Lord not being at all ftartled at lb finall a 
 Summ, although his prefent defign required much 
 more , was refolved too feek his Fortune, even with 
 that litle • and thereupon having taken leave of His 
 Highnels Prince Rupert , and the reft that were pre- 
 fent, 
 
Book II. 
 
 53 
 
 Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 lent,, went to Scarborough (as before is mentioned} 
 where tw 7 o Ships were prepared for Hamborough to let 
 fail within 24 hours, in which he embarqued w ith his 
 Company , and arrived in four days time to the faid 
 City ^ which was on the 2 th of July , 1 644. 
 
 In one of thefe Ships was my Lord , with his two 
 Sons, Charles V ifcount Mansfield, and Lord Henry 
 Cavendiflo, now Earl of Ogle ; as alfo Sir Charles Ca~ 
 vendifio, My Lord’s Brother ; the then Lord Bifhop of 
 London-derry Dr. ’Bramhall * the Lord Falconbridg, 
 the Lord Widdrington, Sir William Carnaby , who af- 
 ter died at Paris, and his Brother Mr. Francis Car > 
 naby, who w T ent prefently in the fame Ship back again 
 for England, and foon after was flain by the Enemy, 
 near Sherborne in Yorh^-jhire , befides many of my 
 Lord’s *and their fervants : In the other Ship was the 
 Earl of Ethyne, Lieutenant General of My Lord’s 
 Army, and the Lord Cornworth . But before My 
 |l,ord landed at Hamborough , his eldeft Son Charles, 
 Lord Mansfield, fell lick of the Small-Pox, and not 
 long after his younger Son Henry, now Earl of 0 - 
 gle , fell like wife dangeroufly ill of the Meafels ; but it 
 pleafed God that they both happily recovered 
 
 My Lord finding his Company and Charge very 
 great, although he fentfeveral ol his Servants back a- 
 gain into England; and having no means left to main- 
 tain him, was forced to feek for Credit where at 
 laft he got fo much as would in part relieve his necef 
 
 P fities • 
 
54 
 
 The Life of W illia m 
 
 Book II. 
 
 fities 3 and whereas heretofore he had been contented^ 
 for want of a Coach 3 to make ufe of a Waggon, 
 when his occafions drew him abroad ; he was now 
 able (with the credit he had got) to buy a Coach 
 and nine Horfes of an Holfatian breed ; for which 
 Horfes he paid 160I. and was afterwards offer’d for 
 one of them an hundred Piftols at Baris • buthere- 
 fufed the money , and prefented feven of them to 
 Her Majefty the Queen-Mother of England , and 
 kept two for his own ufe. 
 
 After my Lord had flay’d in Hamhorough from 
 July 1 644 ^ till February 164*, he being refolved 
 to go into France , went by Sea from Hamhorough 
 to Amferdam , and from thence to Rotterdam , where 
 he lent one of his Servants with a Complement and 
 tender of his humble Service to Her Highnefs the 
 then Princefs Royal , the Queen of Bohemia, the 
 Princefs Dowager of Orange, and the Prince of Orange, 
 which was received with much kindnefs and civility. 
 
 From Rotterdam he direded his Journey to Ant- 
 werp , and from thence with one Coach , one Cha- 
 riot^ and two Waggons , he went to Mechlin and 
 Bruffeh , where he received a Vifit from the Gover- 
 nour, the Marquefs of C aft el Rodrigo , the Duke of 
 Lorrain , and Count Biccolomini. 
 
 From thence he let forth for V alenchin and Cam- 
 bray , where the Governour of the Town, ufedmy 
 Lord with great refped and civility, and defired him 
 
 to 
 
Book II. 
 
 D 11 K E of NeWCASTL E. 
 
 to give the word that night. Thence he went to Pe- 
 roon y a Frontier Town in France , (where the Vice- 
 Governour in abfence of the Governour of that 
 place , did likewile entertain my Lord with all re- 
 fped , and defir ed him to give the Word that night) 
 and Id to Parts without any further ftay. 
 
 My Lord being arrived at Paris , which was inA- 
 fril 1 645, immediately went to tender his humble du- 
 ty to Her Majefty the Queen-Mother of England , 
 where it was my Fortune to fee him the firft time, 
 I being then one of the Maids of Honour to Her 
 Majefty; and after he had flay’d there fome time, 
 he was pleafed to take fome particular notice of me 5 
 and exprefs more then an ordinary affedion for me * 
 infomuch that he reiolved to chufe me for his Se- 
 cond Wife ; for he having but two Sons , purpofed 
 to marry me , a young W oman , that might prove 
 fruitful to him and encreafe his Fofterity by a Ma- 
 fculine Off-fpring: Nay, He was fo defirous of 
 
 Male-Miie , that I have heard him fay, He cared 
 not, (fdGod would be pleafed to give him many 
 Sons) although they came to be Perfdns of the 
 meaneft Fortunes; but God (it feems) had ordered 
 it otherwife , and fruftrated his Defigns , by making 
 me barren , which yet did never leffen his Love and 
 Affedion for me. 
 
 After My Lord was married, having no Eftate or 
 Means left him to maintain himfelf and his Family, 
 
 he 
 
5 6 The Life ^William Book if. 
 
 he wasneceffitated to leek for Credit,and Jive upon the 
 Courtefie of thofe that were pleafed to Trull him ; 
 which although they did for fome while, andfhew'd 
 themfelves very civil to My Lord, yet they grew wea- 
 ry at length, infomuch that his Steward was forced one 
 time to tell him. That he was not able to provide a 
 Dinner for him, for his Creditors were reiolved to 
 trull: him no longer. My Lord being always a great 
 mailer of his Paffions, was, at lead (hew’d himfelf not 
 in any manner troubled at it, but in a plealant hu- 
 mour told me, that I mull: of necefflty pawn my 
 Cloaths, to make lb much Money as would procure 
 a Dinner. I anlwer’d, That my Cloaths would be 
 but of Imall value, and therefore defired my Waiting- 
 Mrs. chap- Maid * to pawn lome Imall toys, which I had formerly 
 Mr s.Top. given her, which fhe willingly did. The lame day in 
 , the afternoon. My Lord Ipake himfelf to hisCredi- 
 ; tors, and both by his civil Deportment,and perlwafi ve 
 | Arguments, obtained lb much, that they did not one- 
 ly trull him for more necelfaries, but lent him Mony 
 befides, to redeem thole Toys that were pawned. 
 Hereupon I lent my W aiting-Maid into England \ to 
 my Brother the Lord Lucas , for that Imall Portion 
 which was left me., and my Lord alfo immediately 
 Mr, mo- after difpatched one of his Servants*, who was then 
 Governour to his Sons., to fome of his Friends., to 
 fry what means he could procure for his fubfiftance ; 
 but though he ufed all the induftry and endeavour he 
 
 could. 
 
Book II. 
 
 Duke of Newcastle, 
 
 could, yet he effefted but little^ by realon every body 
 was lb affraid of the Parliament, that they durd not 
 relieve Him, who was counted a Traitor for his Honed 
 and Loyal lerviceto his King and Country. 
 
 Not long after. My Lord had profers made him 
 of feme Rich Matches in England & or his two Sons, 
 whom therefore he lent thither with 'one Mr. Loving , 
 hoping by that means to provide both for them and 
 himfelf ; but they being arrived there, out of fome 
 realbns bed known to them, declared their unwilling- 
 nels to Marry as yet, continuing neverthelels in Eng- 
 land, and living as well as they could. 
 
 Some two years after my Lord’s Marriage, when 
 he had prevailed fo far with his Creditors, that they 
 began to trud him anew ; the fird thing he did was, 
 that he removed out of thole Lodgings in Paris, where 
 he had been necellitated to live hitherto, to a Houle 
 which he hired for himfelf and his Family, and furnilh- 
 ed it as well as his new gotten Credit would permit ; 
 and withal, refolving for his own recreation and diver- 
 tilement inhisbaniflied condition, to exercile the Art 
 of Mannage, which he is a great lover and Maderof, 
 bought a Barbary-horle for that purpole, which cod 
 him 200 Pidols, and loon after, another Barbary- 
 horle from the Lord Crofts , for which he was to pay 
 him 100 1 . when he returned into England. 
 
 About this time, there was a Council call'd at 
 St. Germain , in which w^ere prelent, befides My Lord, 
 
 CL Her 
 
I he Life of W i l l i a m 
 
 Book II. 
 
 58 
 
 Her Majefty the now Queen Mother of England ; His 
 Highnefs the Prince^ our now gracious King- His Cou- 
 fin Prince En^ert^ the Marquels o HVorcefler, the then 
 Marquels., now Duke of Ormond \ the Lord Jermyn 
 now Earl of St. Albany and leveral others ; where 
 after leveral debates concerning the then prelent con- 
 dition of His Majefty King Charles the Firflg my 
 Lord delivered his lentiment. that he could perceive 
 no other probability of procuring Forces for His Ma~ 
 jefty^ but an afliftance of the Scots ; But Her Ma- 
 jefty was plealed to anlwer my Lord^ That he was too 
 quick. 
 
 Not long after. When rhy Lord had begun to let. 
 tie himlef in his mentioned new houfe^ His gracious 
 M after the Prince^ having taken a refolution to go in- 
 to Holland upon feme defigns ; Her Afajefty the Queen 
 Afother deftred my Lordrto follow him., promifing to 
 engage for his debts which hitherto he had contra&ed 
 sir Hemj at Paris, and commanding Her Controller * and T rea- 
 Si r — 1 _ lurer * to be bound for them in Her behalf; which they 
 To ft er ' did^ although the Creditors would not content them- 
 felves^ until my Lord had joined his word to theirs ; 
 So great and generous was the bounty and favour of 
 Her Afajefty to my Lord • confidering fihe had already 
 given him heretofore near upon 2000 1 . Sterling , even 
 at that time when Her Afajefty flood moft in need 
 of it. 
 
 My 
 
Book II. Duke of Newcastle, 
 
 My Lord , after his Highnefs the Prince was gone, 
 being ready to execute Her Majefties Commands in 
 following- Him 3 and preparing for his Journey, want- 
 ed the chief thing , which was Money • and having 
 much endeavoured for it, at laft had the good For- 
 tune to obtain upon Credit three or four hundred 
 pounds fieri. With which Sum he let out of Parkin 
 the fame Equipage he entred , vi^. One Coach, which 
 he had newly caufed to be made , ( wherein were the 
 Lord Widdrington , my Lord’s Brother Sir Charles 
 Cavmdifh , Mr. Loving , my Waiting-Maid, and 
 fbme others, whereof the two later were then return- 
 ed out of England') one little Chariot, that would 
 onely hold my Lord and my felf ; and three Wag- 
 gons , befides an indifferent number of Servants on 
 Horfe-back. 
 
 That day when we left Paris , the Creditors com- 
 ing to take their Farwell of my Lord, exprefled fb 
 great a love and kindnefs for hipa, accompanied 
 with fo many hearty Prayers and Wifoies, that he 
 could not but profper on his Journey. 
 
 Being come into the King of Spains Dominions, 
 my Lord found a very Noble Reception. At Cam- 
 bray the Governour was fo civil , that my Lord com- 
 ing to that place fomevvhat late; and when it was 
 dark, he commanded fome Lights and Torches to 
 meet my Lord , and conduit him to his Lodgings : 
 He offer’d my Lord the Keys of the City, andde- 
 
 fird 
 
6 o 
 
 Book II. 
 
 The Life of W il l i a m 
 
 find him to give the Word that nighty and more- 
 over invited him to an Entertainment ? which he had 
 made for him of purpofe; but it being late., my 
 Lord ( tyred wfith his Journey ) excufed himfelf asci- 
 villy as he couldj the Governour notwithftanding 
 being pleafed to fend all manner of Provifionsto my 
 Lords Lodgings ., and charging our Landlord to take 
 no pay for any thing we had : Which extraordinary 
 Civilities Chewed that he was a Right Noble Spani- 
 ard* 
 
 The next morning early., my Lord w 7 ent on his 
 Journey y and was very civilly ufed in every place of 
 His Majefty of Spains Dominions , where he arri- 
 ved; At laft coming to <iAntn>erp y He took wa- 
 ter to Rotterdam ( which Town he chofe for his 
 refiding place 5 during the time of his ftay in Hol- 
 Sir william land ) and fent thither to a Friend of his*., a Gentle- 
 w^Knight' man y to provide him fome Lodgings ; 
 
 which he did y and procured them at the houfe of 
 one Mrs. Widow to an Englifh Merchant, 
 
 who had always been very Loyal to HisMajeftythe 
 King of England ? and ferviceable to His Majefties 
 faithful Subje&s in whatfoever lay in his Power. 
 
 My Lord being come to Rotterdam , was inform- 
 ed that His Highnefe the Prince (now our Gracious 
 King) was gone to Sea: Wherefore he refolved to 
 follow him 5 and for that purpofe hired a Boat 5 and 
 vi&ual’d it j but fince no body knew whither His 
 
 High- 
 
BookIL Duke ^Newcastle. 6 1 
 
 Highnefs was gone ; and I being unwilling that my 
 Lord fihould venture upon fb uncertain a Voyage,and 
 ( as the Proverb is ) See\ a Needle in a Bottle of Hay , 
 he defifted from that defign : The Lord ffliddrington 
 neverthelefs, and Sir If ill. T hrochpiorton , being re- 
 folved to find out the Prince, but having by aftorm 
 been driven towards the Coaft of Scotland , and en- 
 dangered their lives , they returned without obtaining 
 their aim. 
 
 After fbme little time , my Lord having notice 
 that the Prince was arrived at the Hague, he went 
 to wait on His Highnefs (which he alfo did afterwards 
 at feveral times , fb long as His Highnefs continu- 
 ed there) expe&ing fbme opportunity where he might 
 be able to fhew his readinefs to ferve His King and 
 Countrey , as certainly there was no little hopes for 
 i t; for firft, it was believed that the Englifh Fleet would 
 come and render it felf into the obedience ot the 
 Prince; next, it was reported that the Duke of Ha- 
 milton was going out of Scotland with a great Army, 
 into England, to the affiftance of His Majefty , and 
 that His Majefly had then fbme party at Colchefter ; 
 but it pleafed God that none of thefe proved effe- 
 ctual : For the Fleet did not come in ; the Duke of 
 Hamilton s Army was deftroyed, and Colchejler was 
 taken by the Enemy , where my dear Brother Sir 
 Charles Lucas, and his dear Friend Sir George Lite, 
 were moft inhumanly murtherd and fhot to death, 
 
 R they 
 
The Life of W ill i am 
 
 Book II. 
 
 6 2 
 
 ' they being both Valiant and Heroick Perfbns, good 
 Soldiers, and moil: Loyal Subje&s to His Ma/efty; 
 the one an excellent Commander of Horfe the ou- 
 tlier of Foot. 
 
 My Lord having now lived in Rotterdam alrnoft 
 fix months, at a great charge, keeping an open and 
 noble Table for allcomers, and being pleafed efpe- 
 cially to entertain fuch as were excellent Soldiers and 
 noted Commanders of W ar , whole kindnels he took 
 as a great Obligation, ftill hoping that fome occafi- 
 on Would happen to invite thole worthy Perlons in- 
 to England to lerve His Majefty • but feeing no pro- 
 bability of either returning into England , or doins 
 His Majefty any lervice in that kind, he refblvedto 
 retire to fbme place where he might live privately - 
 and having cholen the City of Antwerp for that pur- 
 pofe, went to the Hague to take his leave of His 
 Highnefs the Prince , our now gracious Soveraign. 
 My Lord had then but a fmall flock of money left- 
 for though the then Marquefi of Hereford (after 
 Duke of S omerfet P and his Coufin-German, once 
 removed , the now Earl of Devonfhire had lent him 
 2000 1 . between them; yet all that was (pent, and 
 above ioooI. more, which my Lord borrowed du- 
 ring the time he lived in Rotterdam , his Expence be- 
 ing the more , by reafbn ( as I mentioned ) he lived 
 freely and nobly. 
 
 However my Lord , notwithftanding that little 
 
Book II. 
 
 63 
 
 DukE (^Newcastle. 
 
 provifion of Money he had , fet forth from Rot- 
 terdam to Antwerp , where for fbme time he lay 
 in a publick Inne , until one of his Friends that 
 had a great love and refped: for my Lord., Mr. En- 
 clymion Porter , who was Groom pf the Bed-chamber 
 to His Majefty King Charles the Firft (a place not 
 onely honourable 5 but very profitable ) being not 
 willing that a Perfon of fitch Quality as my Lord 5 
 fhould lie in a publick Houle , profer d him Lodg- 
 ings at the Houfe where he was 3 and would not 
 let my Lord be at quiet 5 until he had accepted of 
 them. 
 
 My Lord after he had flay'd fome while there^ 
 endeavouring to find out a Houle for himfelf which 
 might fit him and his finall Family , (for at that 
 time he had put off moftof his Train) andalfobe 
 for his own content y lighted on one that belonged 
 to the Widow of a famous Pi&ure-drawer 3 Van 
 Ruben , which he took. - - 
 
 About this time my Lord was muchneceflitated for 
 Money , which forced him to try feveral ways for to 
 obtain fo much as would relieve his prefent wants. At 
 laft Mr. Ales bury > the onely Son to Sir T h. Alesbury 5 
 Knight and Baronet^ and Brother to the now Coun- 
 ted of Clarendon, a very worthy Gentleman 3 and 
 great Friend to my Lord., having fbme Moneys 
 that belonged to the now Duke of Buckingham , and 
 feeing my Lord info great diftrefs, did him the favour 
 
 to 
 
 T 
 
The Life of W illiam Book If. 
 
 to lend him 200 1 . ( which money my Lord fince his 
 return Lath honeftly and juftly repai’d) This relief 
 came fb feafonably, that it got my Lord Credit in the 
 City of Antwerp whereas otherwife he would have 
 loft himfelf to his great difadvantage ; for my Lord 
 having hired the houfe aforementioned, and wanting 
 Furniture for it, was credited by the Citizens for as 
 many Goods as he was pleafed to have, as alfo for Afeat 
 and Drink, and all kind of neceffariesandprovifions, 
 which certainly was a fpecial Blefling of God, he be- 
 ing notonely a ftranger in that Nation, but to all ap- 
 pearance., a Ruined man. 
 
 After my Lord had been iny 4 //m^rpfbmetime,where 
 he lived as retiredly as it was poffible for him to do, 
 he gained much love and re/ped of all that knew or 
 had any bufinefc with him : At the beginning of our 
 coming thither, we found but few Englifh ( except 
 thole that were Merchants ) but afterwards their num- 
 ber increafed much, efpecially of Perfons of Qua- 
 lity * and whereas at firft there were no more but four 
 Coaches that went the Tour y vi^. the Governors of 
 the Caftle, my Lords, and two more, they amount- 
 ed to the number of above a hundred , before we 
 went from thence ; for all thofe that had fufficient 
 means, and could go to the price, kept Coaches, and 
 went the Tour for their own pleafure. And certain- 
 ly I cannot in duty and confcience but give this Pub- 
 lick Teftimony to that place. That whereas I have ob- 
 
 ferv’d. 
 
Book IL 
 
 a k e o 
 
 if N 
 
 EWCASTLE, 
 
 65 
 
 forv’d , that moft commonly fuck "Towns or Cities 
 where the Prince of that Country doth notrefidehim- 
 felr, or where there is no great refort of the chief No- 
 bility and Gentry, are but little civilifed • Certainly 
 the Inhabitants of the laid City of Antwerp are theci- 
 vileft, and bed: behaved People that ever I law ; fo 
 that my Lord lived there with as much content as a 
 man of his condition could do, and his chief paftime 
 and divertifement confifted in the Mannage of the two 
 afore mentioned Horfes ; which he had not enjoyed 
 long, but the c Barbary-hoxfz :> for which he paid 200 
 Piftols in Paris, died, and foon after the Horfe which 
 he had from the Lord Crofts * and though he wanted 
 prefent means to repair thefe his lofles, yet he endea- 
 voured and obtained fo much Credit at laft, that he 
 was able to buy two others, and by degrees fo many 
 as amounted in all to the number of 8 . In which he 
 took fo much delight and pleafore, that though he was 
 then in dift refs for Money, yet he would fooner have 
 tried all other ways, then parted with any of them ; 
 for I hav e heard him fay, that good Horfes are fo rare, 
 as not to be valued for Mony, and that He who would 
 buy him out of his Pleafore, (meaning his Horfes) 
 muff pay dear for it. F or inftance I fhall mention fome 
 paffages which happen'd when My Lord was in AnU 
 
 Firft ; A ftranger coming thither, and feeing my 
 Lords Horfes, had a great mind to buy one of them, 
 
 which 
 
66 
 
 The Life of W 
 
 I L LIAM 
 
 Book II. 
 
 which my Lord loved above the reft, and called him 
 his Favourite, a fine Spanijh Horfe; intreating my 
 Lords Efcuyer to acquaint him with his defire, and 
 ask the price of the (aid Horfe : My Lord, when he 
 heard of it, commanded his Servant,that if the Chap- 
 man returned, he (hould be brought before him • which 
 being done accordingly, my Lord asked him, whether 
 he was refolvedto buy his Spam/b Horfe} Yes, an- 
 fwered he, my Lord, and Fie give your Lordfliip a 
 good price for him. I make no doubt of it, replied My 
 Lord, or elfe you (hall not have him : But you mud 
 know, (aid he, that the price of that Horfe is 1000I. 
 today, tomorrowit will be 2000 1. next day 5000 1. 
 and (b forth. By which the Chapman perceiving 
 that my Lord was unwilling to part with the (aid Horfe 
 for any Money, took his leave, and (o went his 
 ways. 
 
 The next was, That the Duke deGuife, who was 
 alfo a great lover of good Horfe, hearing much Com- 
 mendation of a gray leaping Horfe, which my Lord 
 then had, told the Gentleman that praifed and com- 
 mended him , That if my Lord was willing to fell 
 the (aid Horfe, he would give 600 Piftols for him. 
 The Gentleman knowing my Lords humour, anger- 
 ed again, That he was confident, my Lord w r ould 
 never part with him for any mony, and to that pur- 
 pofe fent a Letter to my Lord from Paris ; but my 
 Lord was (b far from felling that Horfe, that he was 
 . m dilpleafed 
 
Book II. Duke ^Newcastle. 
 
 difpleafed to hear that any Price fhould be offer'd 
 for him : So great a Love hath my Lord for good 
 Horfes’ And certainly I have obferved, and dove- 
 rily believe , that feme of them had alio a particu- 
 lar Love to my Lord • for they feemed to rejoice 
 whenfcever he came into the Stables, by their 
 trampling adion, and the noife they made; nay, 
 they would go much better in the Mannage, when 
 my Lord was by , then when he was abfent ; and 
 when he rid them himfelf, they feemed to take much 
 pleafore and pride in it. But of all forts of Horfes, 
 my Lord loved Spanijh Horfes and Barbes beft ; fay- 
 ing , That Spanifb Horfes ‘were like Princes, and 
 Barbes like Gentlemen, in their kind. And this 
 was the chief Recreation and Paftime my Lord had 
 in Antwerp . 
 
 I will now return to my former Difcourfe , and 
 the Relation of fome Important Affairs and Adi- 
 ons which happen’d about this time: His Majefty 
 (our now Gracious King, Charles the Second) fome 
 time after he was gone out of Holland , and returned in- 
 to France , took his Journey from thence to Breda 
 (if I remember well) to treat there with his Sub- 
 jeds of Scotland , who had then made fome offers of 
 Agreement: My Lord, according tohisduty,went 
 thither to wait on His Majefty, and was there in 
 Council with His Majefty , His Highnefs the then 
 Prince of Orange , His Majefties Brother-in-law, and 
 
 fome 
 
The Life of W illiam 
 
 Book 11 
 
 * 
 
 68 
 
 feme other Privy-Counfellors ; in which, after feve- 
 ral Debates concerning that Important Affair 5 His 
 Highneft the Prince of Orange , and my Lord,agreed 
 in one Opinion , That they could perceive no 
 other and better way at that prefent for His Maje- 
 fty , but to make an Agreement with His Subjeds 
 of Scotland , upon any Condition , and to go into 
 Scotland in Per fen Himlelf, that he might but be 
 fere ot an Army, there being no probability or 
 appearance then of getting an Army any where elle. 
 Which Coumel,either out of the then alledged Rea- 
 fens , or feme others beft known to His Majefty, 
 was embraced; His Majefty agreeing with the Scots 
 fo far , ( notwithftanding they were fo unreafonable 
 in their Treaty , that His Majefty had' hardly Pati- 
 ence to hear them) that he refolved to go into Scot- 
 land in Perfon ; and though my Lord had an earned 
 defire to wait on His Majefty thither , yet the Scots 
 would not buffer him to come , or be in any part of 
 that Kingdom : Wherefore out of his Loyalty and 
 Duty , he gave His Majefty the beft advice he could, 
 that he conceived it moft fete for His Majefty 
 to adhere to the Earl of Argyles Party , which he 
 feppofed to be the ftrongeft; but elpecially, to recon- 
 cile Hamilton s and Argyles Party , and compote the 
 differences between them ; for then His Majefty would 
 be fere of Two Parties , whereas otherwite He would 
 leave an Enemy behind Him , which might caute 
 
 His 
 
Book II. 
 
 Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 His overthrow, and endanger His Majefties Perlon; 
 and if His Majefty could but get the Power into his 
 own hands, he might do hereafter what he pleaied. 
 
 His Majefty being arrived in Scotland , ordered his 
 affairs fo wifely, that foon after he got an Army to 
 march with him into England ; but whether they were 
 all Loyal, is not for me to difpute: However <*Jrgyle 
 was difeontented, as it appear’d by two complaining 
 Letters he fent to my Lord, which my Lord gave His 
 Majefty notice of; lb that onely the Duke of Hamil- 
 ton went with His Majefty, who fought and died like 
 a Valiant Man, and a Loyal fubjed. In this fight be- 
 tween the Englifr and Scots , His Majefty expreffed an 
 extraordinary Courage ; and though his Army was 
 in a manner deftroyed, yet the Glory of an Heroick 
 Prince remained with our gracious Soveraign. 
 
 In the mean time, whileft His Majefty was yet in 
 Scotland , and before he marched with His Army into 
 England , it happen’d that the Eledor of Brandenburgs 
 and Duke of Newburg , upon feme differences, having 
 railed Forces againft each other, but afterwards con- 
 cluded a Peace between them , werepleafedtoprofer 
 thofe Forces to my Lord for His Majefties ufe and fer- 
 vice, which (as the Lord Chancellour, who was then 
 in France , fent word to my Lord) was the onely 
 Foreign profer that had been made to his Majefty. My 
 Lord immediately gave His Majefty notice of it ; but 
 whether it was for want of convenient Tranfporta- 
 
 T tion 
 
7 ° 
 
 Book II. 
 
 The Life of W il l i a m 
 
 tiorL, or Mony., or that the Scots did not like the a(fi- 
 fiance., that profer was not accepted. 
 
 Concerning the affairs and intrigues that pafs’d in 
 Scotland , and England, during the time of His Maje. 
 flies flay there., I am ignorant of them; neither doth 
 it belong to me now to write^ or give an account of a- 
 ny thing elfe but what concerns the Hifloryof my No- 
 ble Lord and Husbands Life 5 and his own Addons ; 
 who fo foon as he had Intelligence that the Scottifh Ar- 
 my, which went with His Majefty into England, was 
 defeated , and that no body knew what was become 
 of His Majefty., fell into fo violent aPafiion., that I 
 verily believed it would have endanger’d his life but 
 when afterwards the happy news came of His Maje- 
 jefties fafe arrival in France, never any Subjedt could 
 rejoice more then my Lord did. 
 
 About this time it chanced., that my Lords Brother 
 Sir Charles Cavendifh, and my felf, tooka journey into 
 England, occafioned both by my Lords extream want 
 and neceflity., and his Bothers Eftate ; which having 
 been under Sequeftration from the time ( or foon af- 
 ter) he went out of England, was them, in cafe he did 
 not return and compound for it, to be fold out-right ; 
 Sir Charles was unwilling to receive his Eftate upon 
 fiich conditions^and would rather have loft it,then com- 
 pounded for it : But my Lord confidering it was bet- 
 ter to recover fomething, then lofe all, intreated the 
 Lord Chancellour, who was then in Antwerp, to per- 
 
 fwade 
 
Bookll. Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 fwade his Brother to a compofition, which his Lord- 
 fhip did Very effe&ually, and proved himfelf a Noble 
 and true Friend in it. W e had fb fmall a Provifion 
 of money when we let forth our journey for Eng- 
 land, that it was hardly able to carry us to London, 
 but were forced to ftay at Southward where Sir 
 Charles fent into London for one that had formerly 
 been his Steward ; and having declared to him his 
 wants and neceffities, defir’d him to try his Credit. 
 Hefeemed ready to do his Matter what fervicehe could 
 in that kind ; but pretending withall , that his Credit 
 was but finally Sir Charles gave him his W r atch to 
 pawn , and with that money paid thofe fmall (cores 
 we had made in our Lodging there. From thence we 
 went to fbme other Lodgings that were prepared for 
 us in Covent-Garden; and having reded our felves 
 lome time , I defired my Brother the Lord Lucas , to 
 claim, in my behalf, fbme fubfidance for my felf out 
 of my Lords Edate, (for it was declared by the 
 Parliament, That the Lands of thofe that wereba- 
 nifhed , fhould be fold to any that would buy them, 
 onely their Wives and Children were allowed to put 
 in their Claims :) But he received this A nfwer, That 
 I could not expedt the lead allowance , by reafbn 
 my Lord and Husband had been the greated Traitor 
 of England (that is to fay, thehoneded man,becaufe 
 he had been mod againd them. ) 
 
 Then Sir Charles intruded fbme perfbns to com- 
 
7 2 
 
 7 he Life of W illiam 
 
 Book II. 
 
 pound for his Eftate; but it being a good while be- 
 fore they agreed in their Compofition and then be- 
 fore the Rents could be received y we having in the 
 mean time nothing to live on., mu ft of neceftity have 
 been ftarved^ had not Sir Charles got fbme Credit 
 of feveral Perfons^ and that not without great diffi- 
 culty; for all thofe that hadEftates., were afraid to 
 come near him 5 much left to affift him., until he was 
 fare of his own Eftate. So much is Mifery and Pover- 
 ty ftiun’d ! 
 
 But though our Condition was hard., yet my dear 
 Lord and Husband y whom we left in Antwerp was 
 then in a far greater diftreft then our (elves ; for at 
 our departure he had nothing but what his Credit 
 was able to procure him; and having run upon the 
 (core folong without paying any the leaftpart there- 
 of ^ his Creditors began to grow impatient 3 and re- 
 folved to truft him no longer: Wherefore he lent 
 me word y That if his Brother did not prefently re- 
 lieve him y he was forced to ftarve. Which doleful 
 news cauled great Edneft and melancholy in us both , 
 and withal made his Brother try his utmoft endeavour 
 to procure what moneys he could for his fubfiftance, 
 whoatlaftgot 200 1 . fieri, upon Credit^ which he im- 
 mediately made over to my Lord. 
 
 But in the mean time y before the (aid money could 
 come to his hands 3 my Lord had been forced to (end 
 for all his Creditors, and declare . to them his great wants 
 
 and 
 
Book II. 
 
 Duke of N EWC A 5 r L E. 
 
 and neceffities; where his Speech was lo effe&ual, and 
 made luch an iinprelTion in them , that they had all 
 a deep lenle of my Lords Misfortunes ; and inftead 
 of urging the payment of his Debts , promifed him, 
 That he (hould not want any thing in whatfoever 
 they were able to affift him,* which they alfo very 
 nobly and civilly performed, furnilhing him with all 
 manner of provifions and neceflaries for his further 
 iubftftance; lo that my Lord was then in a much 
 better condition amongft ftrangers, then we in our 
 Native Countrey. 
 
 At laft when Sir Charles Cavendiflj had compound- 
 ed for his Eftate, and agreed to pay 4500 1 . for 
 it , the Parliament caufed it again to be lurvey- 
 ed, and made him pay 500 1. more, which was 
 more then many others had paid for much greater 
 Eftates; fo that Sir Charles to pay this Compofiti- 
 on , and dilcharge Ibme Debts , was neceffitated to 
 fell feme Land of his at an under-rate. My Lords 
 two Sons ( who were alfo in England at that time) 
 were no left in want; and neceffity , then we , having 
 nothing but bare Credit to live on ; and my Lords 
 Eftate being then to be fold outright. Sir Charles , his 
 Brother, endeavoured , if poffible, to lave the two 
 chief Houles, W'elbech^ and Bolfover , being re- 
 folved rather to part with fome more of his Land, 
 which he had lately compounded for , then to let 
 them fall into the Enemies hands; but before fuch 
 -• • - II time 
 
74 
 
 The Life of W illiam 
 
 Book II 
 
 time as he could compals the money , fome body had 
 bought ‘Bolfover, with an intention to pull it down, 
 and make money of the Materials ; of whom Sir 
 Charles was forced to buy it again at a far greater Rate 
 then he might have had it at lirft, notwithftanding 
 a great part of it was pulled down already ; and 
 though my Lords eldeft Son Charles Lord Mans- 
 field , had thole mentioned Houles fbme time in poll 
 leflion , after the death of his Uncle ; yet for want 
 of Means he was not able to repair them. 
 
 I having now been in England a year and a half, 
 fome Intelligence which I received of my Lords be- 
 ing not very well , and the Imall hopes I had of get- 
 ting fome relief out of his Eftate, put me upon de- 
 fign of returning to Antwerp to my Lord ; and Sir 
 Charles , his Brother, took the lame refolution, but 
 was prevented by an Ague that feized upon him. 
 Not long had I been with my Lord , but we recei- 
 ved the lad news of his Brothers death, which was an 
 extream affli&ion both to my Lord , and my lelf, 
 for they loved each other entirely : In truth. He was a 
 Perfon of fo great worth, fuch extraordinary civili- 
 ty , lo obliging a Nature, fo full of Generality, 
 Juftice and Charity, belides all manner of Learning, 
 elpecially in the Mathematic!^ y that not onely his 
 Friends, but even his Enemies, did much lament his 
 lols. 
 
 After my return out of England , to my Lord, the 
 
 Credi- 
 
Book II. 
 
 Duke ^Newcastle, 
 
 75 
 
 Creditors luppofing I had brought great ftore of mo- 
 ney along with me, came all to my Lord to Iblte 
 cite the payment of their Debts ; but when my Lord 
 had informed them of the truth of the bufinels, and 
 defired their patience lomewhat longer , with alfu- 
 ranee that fo loon as he received any money, he 
 would honeflly and juftly latisfie them , they were 
 not onely willing to forbear the payment of thole 
 
 Debts he had contracted hitherto , but to credit him 
 for the future, and lupply him with luch Necefla- 
 
 ries as he Ihould defire of them. And this was the 
 onely happinels which my Lord had in his diftrefled 
 condition , and the chief bleffing of the Eternal and 
 Merciful God , in whole Power are all things, who 
 ruled the hearts and minds of men , and filled them 
 with Charity and Compaffion , for certainly it was 
 a work of Divine Providence , that they Ihewed lo 
 much love , relpeft and honour to my Lord, a ftran- 
 ger to their Nation ; and notwithftandinghis ruined 
 Condition, and the Imall appearance of recovering 
 his own , credited him wherelbever he lived, both in 
 France , Holland , Brabant and Germany ; that al- 
 though my Lord wasbaniflhed his Native Countrey, 
 and dilpoflelfedfrom his own Eftate, could neverthe- 
 lels live in lo much Splendor and Grandure as he 
 did. 
 
 In this Condition (and how little foever the ap- 
 pearance was ) my Lord was never without hopes of 
 
 feeing 
 
Book II. 
 
 1 he Life of W illiam 
 
 feeing yet (before his death) a happy iflueof all his 
 misfortunes and lufferings, elpecially of the Reftau- 
 ration of His mod Gracious King and Mafter, to 
 His Throne and Kingly Rights, whereof he always 
 had alfured Hopes, well knowings that it was im- 
 poflible for the Kingdom to fublift long under lo 
 many changes of Government, and whenloever I 
 exprefled how little faith I had in it, he wouid gent- 
 ly reprove me , laying, I believ’d leaft, what I delir’d 
 mod; and could never be happy if I endeavour’d 
 to exclude all hopes , and entertain’d nothing but 
 doubts and fears. 
 
 The City of Antwerp in which we lived, being 
 a place of great relort for Strangers and Travellers, 
 His Ma/efty ( our now gracious King, Charles the 
 Second ) palled thorough it , when he went his Jour- 
 ney towards Germany , and after my Lord had done 
 his humble duty , and waited on His Majefty , He 
 was pleafed to Honour him with His Prefence 
 at his Houfe. The lame did almoft all ftrangers that 
 werePerlons of Quality; if they made any flay in the 
 Town, they would come and vifit my Lord, and 
 fee the Mannage of his Horfes: And, amongft 
 
 the reft , the Duke of Oldenburg , and the Prince of 
 Eafl-Frkjland , did my Lord the Honour , and pre- 
 fented him with Horfes of their own breed. 
 
 One time it happen’d,that His Highnels John £ 
 Aufria (who was then Governour of thofe Provinces) 
 
 came 
 
Book II. 
 
 Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 came to Antwerp and flayed there fbme few days ; and 
 then almoft all his Court waited on my Lord, fo that 
 one day I reckoned about feventeen Coaches , in 
 which were all Perfbns of Quality , who came in 
 the morning of purpofe to fee my Lord’s Manage ; 
 My Lord receiving fo great an honour ^thought 
 it fit to fhew his refpefl: and civility to them , and 
 to ride fome of his Horfes himfelf, which other wife 
 he never did but for his own excercife and delight. A* 
 mongft the reft of thofe great and noble Perfbns, there 
 were two of our Nation, *vis^ the then Marquefs, now 
 Duke of Ormond , and the Earl of Briflol j but Dom 
 John was not there in Perfcn, excufinghimfelf after- 
 wards to my Lord (when my Lord waited on him) 
 thafthe multiplicity of his weighty affairs had hindred 
 his coming thither, which my Lord accounted as a ve- 
 ry high honour and favour from fo great a Prince ; and 
 conceiving it his duty to wait on his Highntfs, but 
 being unkno wn to him , the Earl of Briflol , who had 
 acquaintance .with him, did my Lord the favour, and 
 upon his requeft, prefentedhimtohisHighnefs* which 
 favour oft he laid Earl my Lord highly relented. 
 
 Dom John received my Lord with all kindnefs and 
 refpedt ; for although there were many great and noble 
 Perfbns that waited on him in an out room, yet fo 
 foon as his Highnefs heard of my Lord’s, and the Earl 
 of Briflol 9 s being there, he was pleafed to admit them 
 before all the reft. My Lord, after he had paffed his 
 
 X Complements, 
 
7 s 
 
 The Life of W illiam 
 
 Book II. 
 
 Complements , told His Highnefs, That he found 
 himfelf bound in all duty, to make his humble ac- 
 knowledgments for the Favour he received from His 
 Catholick Majefty , for permitting and fufferinghim 
 (a banifhed man) to live in His Dominions, and 
 under the Government of His Highnefs; whereupon 
 Dom John ask’d my Lord whether he wanted any 
 thing , and whether he liv’d peaceably without any 
 moleftation or difturbance ? My Lord anfwer’d. 
 That he lived as much to his own content, as a ba- 
 niflb'd man could do ; and received more refpedl and 
 civility from that City, then he could have expect- 
 ed; for which he returned his moft. humble thanks to 
 his Catholick Majefty , and His Highnefs. After fome 
 fhort Difcourle, my Lord took his leave of Dom 
 John ; Several of the Spaniards advifing him to go 
 into Spain , and afluring him of His Catholick Ma;e- 
 fties Kindnefs and Favour; but my Lord being en- 
 gaged in the City of Antwerp , and befides, in years, 
 and wanting means for lo long and chargeable a voy- 
 age, was not able to embrace their motions; and fine- 
 ly he was fb well pleafed with the great Civilities he 
 received from that City, that then he was refblved 
 to chufe no other refiding place all the time of his ba- 
 nishment , but that ; he being not onely credited 
 there for all manner of Provifions and Neceflaries 
 for his fubfiftance , but alfb free both from ordinary 
 and extraordinary Taxes , and from paying Excife, 
 
 which 
 
Book II. 
 
 Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 79 
 
 which was a great favour and obligation to my Lord. 
 
 After His Highnels Dom John had left the Go- 
 vernment of thole Provinces , the Marquels of Ca- 
 racena lucceeded in his place , who having a great de- 
 fire to lee my Lord ride in the Mannage , entreated 
 a Gentleman of the City, that was acquainted with 
 my Lord , to beg that favour of him. My Lord ha- 
 ving not been at that Exercile fix weeks , or two 
 months , by realon of Ibrne ficknels that made him 
 unfit for it, civilly beggd his excule ; but he was lo 
 much importuned by the laid Gentleman , that at 
 laft he granted his Requell, and rid one or two 
 Horles in prelence of the faid Marquels of Car ace- 
 na , and the then Marquels , now Duke of Ormond , 
 who often uled to honour my Lord with his Com- 
 pany : The laid Marquels of Caracena leem*d to take 
 much plealure and fatisfa&ion in it 3 and highly com- 
 plemented my Lord ; and certainly I have oblerved. 
 That Noble and Meritorious perlons take great de- 
 light in honouring each other. 
 
 But not onely ftrangers , but His Majefty Him- 
 felf ( our now Gracious Soveraign ) was plealed to 
 lee my Lord ride , and one time did ride Him- 
 lelf , He being an Excellent Mailer of that Art , 
 and inltru&ed by my Lord , who had the Honour 
 to fet Him firll on a Horle of Mannage , when he 
 was His Governourj where His Majeflies Capacity 
 was luch, that being but Ten yean of Age, he 
 
 would 
 
 j 
 
Book II. 
 
 The Life of W illiam 
 
 would ride leaping Horfes, and fuch as would over- 
 throw others , and mannage them with the greatefl 
 Skill and Dexterity, to the admiration of all that 
 beheld Him. 
 
 Nor was this the onely Honour my Lord received 
 from His Majefty , but His Majefty and all the Roy- 
 al Race, that is to fay, Her Highnels the then Pr in- 
 cefs Royal, His Highnels the Duke of Tor with 
 His Brother the Duke of Glocejier , ( except 
 the Princefle Henrietta , now Duchefs of Orle- 
 ans') being met one time in Antwerp, were pleated 
 to honour my Lord with their Pretence, and accept 
 of a fmall Entertainment at his Houte, fuch as his 
 pretent Condition was able to afford them. And fome 
 other time HisMajefty paffing through the City, was 
 pleated to accept of a private Dinner at my Lord’s 
 Houte, after which I receiving that gracious Favour 
 from His Majefty , that he was pleated to tee me, he 
 did merrily, and injeft, tell me. That he perceived 
 my Lord's Credit could procure better Meat then His omr y 
 Again, fome other time,upon a merry Challenge play- 
 ing a Game at Butts with my Lord , ( when my Lord 
 had the better of Him) What ( laid He J my Lord , 
 have you invited me , to play the Roo^ with me? Al- 
 though their Stakes were not at all confiderable, but 
 onely for Paftime. 
 
 Thete paffa ges I mention onely to declare my Lords 
 happinelsin his miteries, which he received by the ho- 
 nour 
 
Book II. 
 
 i 
 
 Duke ^Newcastle. 
 
 nour and kmdnefs not onely of foreign Princes, but 
 of his own Mafter,and Gracious Soveraign : I will not 
 now /peak of the good efteem his late Majefty 
 King Charles the Firft, and Her Majefty the now 
 Queen-Mother, had of him, who always held and 
 found him a very loyal and faithful Subjed, although 
 Fortune was pleafed to oppofe him in the height of his 
 endeavours ; for his onely and chief intention was to 
 hinder His Ma jetties Enemies from executing that 
 cruel defign which they had upon their gracious and 
 merciful King j In which he tried his uttermoft power, 
 in lo much, that I have heard him lay out of a paffio- 
 nate Zeal and Loyalty, That he would willingly fa- 
 crifice himfelf, and all his Pofterity, for the fake of his 
 Majefty, and the Royal R ace. Nor did he ever re- 
 pine either at his Ioffes or lufferings, bdt rejoy ced rather 
 that he was able to fuffer for His King and Countrey. 
 His Army was the onely Army that was able to up- 
 hold His Majefties Power , which lb long as it was 
 Vid:orious,it prefer ved both His Majefties Perlon and 
 Crown j but 10 loon as it fell, that fell too : and my 
 Lord was then in a manner forced to feek his own pre- 
 fervation in foreign Countries, where Cod was plea- 
 fed to make ftrangers his Friends, who received and 
 prote&ed him when he was banilhed his native Coun- 
 try, and relieved him when his own Country-men 
 fought to ftarve him, by withholding from him what 
 was juftly his own, onely for his Honefty and Loy- 
 
 Y alt'y ; 
 
82 
 
 Book II- 
 
 The Life of W illia m 
 
 alty ; which relief he received more from the Com- 
 mons of thole parts where he lived, then from Princes, 
 he being unwilling to trouble any foreign Prince with 
 his wants and naileries, well knowing, that Gifts of 
 Great Princes come flowly, and not without much 
 difficulty , neither loves he to petition any one but His 
 own Soveraign. 
 
 But though my Lord by the civility of Strangers, 
 and the affiftance of fome few Friends of his native 
 Country,lived in an indifferent Condition, yet (^as it 
 hath been declared heretofore ) he was put to great 
 plunges and difficulties, in fo much that his dear Bro^ 
 ther Sir Charles Cavendifh would often lay, That though 
 he could not truly complain of want,yet his meat never 
 did him good, by realon my Lord, his Brother, was 
 always fo near wanting, that he was never lure after 
 one meal to have another : And though I was not a- 
 fraid of ftarving or begging, yet my chief fear was, 
 that my Lord for his debts would luffer Imprilon- 
 ment, where ladnels of Mind, and want of Exercile, 
 and Air, would have wrought his deftrudtion, which 
 yet by the Mercy of God he happily avoided. 
 
 Some time before the Reftauration of His Majefty 
 to his Royal Throne, my Lord, partly with the re- 
 mainder of his Brothers Eftate, which was but little, 
 it being wafted by felling of Land for compounding 
 with the Parliament, paying of leveral debts, and 
 buying out the two Houles aforementioned, IV 
 
Book II. 
 
 Duke of Ne wc astle, 
 
 bec\ and Bolfover • and the Credit which his Sons had 
 got, which amounted in all to 2400 I. a year/prinkled 
 fomething amongft his Creditors , and borrowed fb 
 much of Mr. Top and Mr. Smith (though without affu- 
 rance)that he could pay filch feoresas weremoftpref 
 ffing, con traded from the poorer fort of Trades-men, 
 and fend ready mony to Market, to avoid cozenage(for 
 finall feores run up mod unreafbnably, elpecially if 
 no ftrid accounts be kept, and the rate be left to the 
 Creditors pleaftire) by which means there was in a 
 fhort time lb much fa ved,as it could not have been ima- 
 gined. ) 
 
 About this time, a report came of a great number 
 of .Sedaries, and of feveral difturbances in England \ 
 which heightened my Lords former hopes into a firm 
 belief of a fudden Change in that Kingdom, and a hap- 
 py Reftauration ofHisMajefty, which it alfo pleafed 
 God to fend according to his expedation ; for His 
 Majefty was invited by his Subjeds, who were not a- 
 ble longer to endure thofe great confulions and encum- 
 brances they had fuftained hitherto, to takepofleffion 
 of His Hereditary Rights, aud the power of all his 
 Dominions : And being then at the Hague in Holland , 
 to take (hipping in thofe parts for England , my Lord 
 went thither to wait on his Majefty , who ufed my 
 Lord very Gracioufly ; and his Highnefs the Duke 
 ofTorh^ was pleafed to offer hint one of thofe Ships that 
 were ordered to tranlport His Majefty; for which he 
 
 returned 
 
84 
 
 The Life of W illiam 
 
 Book II. 
 
 returned his imoft humble thanks to his Highnels , 
 and begg’d leave of His Highnefs that he might 
 hire a Veflel for himlelf and his Company. 
 
 In the mean time whilft my Lord was at the 
 Hague , His Majefty was plealed to tell him. That 
 General Monf, now Duke of Albemarle , had 
 defired the Place of being Matter of the Horle ; 
 To which my Lord anfwer’d , That that gallant Per- 
 Ibn was. worthy of any Favour that His Majefty 
 could confer upon him : And having taken his leave 
 of His Majefty, and His Highneis the Duke of Tor 
 went towards the Ship that was to tranlport him 
 for England , ( I might rather call it a Boat, then a 
 Ship; for thole that were intruded by my Lord to 
 hire a Ship for that purpole, had hired an old rot- 
 ten Fregat, that was loft the next Voyage after; in- 
 fomuch , that when fomeof the Company that had 
 promiled to go over with my Lord, law it, they 
 turn’d back, and would not endanger their lives in 
 it, except the^Lord Widdrington , who was relbl- 
 ved not to forfake my Lord. ) 
 
 My Lord ( who was lo tranlported with the joy 
 of returning into his Native Countrey , that he re- 
 garded not the V eftel ) having let Sail from Rotter- 
 dam , was lo becalmed, that he was fix dayes and 
 fix nights upon the Water, during wFich time he 
 plealed himfelf with mirth, and pals’cf his time av r ay 
 as well as he could ; Provifions he wanted not , ha- 
 • ving 
 
BookIL Duke ^Newcastle, 85 
 
 ving them in great (lore and plenty. At laft being 
 come fo far that he was able to difcern theftnoakof 
 London , which he had not fecn in a long time., he 
 merrily was pleafed to defire one that was near him, 
 to jogg and awake him out of his dream , for fure- 
 ly , laid he, I have been fixteen years afleep, and am, 
 not throughly awake yet. My Lord lay that night at 
 Greenwich , where his Supper ftem’d more favoury 
 to him, then any meat he had hitherto tafted; and 
 the noife of feme fcraping Fidlers , he thought the 
 plealanteft harmony that ever he had heard. 
 
 In the mean time my Lords Son, Henry Lord 
 Mam field, now Earl of Ogle , was gone to Dover 
 with intention to wait on His Majefty , and receive 
 my Lord, his Father, with all ;oy and duty, think- 
 ing he had been with His Majefty ; but when he 
 rnifs’d of his defign, he was very much troubled, 
 and more, when His Majeftywas pleas d to tell him. 
 
 That my Lord had fet to Sea, before His Majefty 
 Himfelf was gone out of Holland , fearing my Lord 
 had met with fome Misfortune in his Journey , be- 
 caule he had not heard of his Landing. Wherefore 
 he immediately parted from Dover , to leek my Lord, 
 whom at laft he found at Cjreenmcb • with what joy 
 they embraced and faluted each other, my Pen is too 
 weak to exprels. 
 
 But all this while, and after my Lord was gone 
 from Antwerp, I was left alone there with fome of my 
 
 Z fervants; 
 
The Life °f W il liam Book II. 
 
 fervants ; for my Lord being in Holland with His Ma- 
 ^efty., declared in a Letter to me his intention of going 
 for England, withal commanding me to ftay in that 
 City, as a Pawn for his debts., until he could com- 
 pals money to dilcharge them ; and to excufe him to 
 theMagiftrates of the laid City for not taking his leave 
 of them^ and paying his due thanks for their great ci- 
 vilities., which hedelired me tp do in his behalf. And 
 certainly my Lords affe&ion to me was fuck, that it 
 made him very induftrious in providing thole means ,* 
 for it being uncertain what or whether he fhouldhave 
 any thing of his Eftate., made it a difficult bufinefsfor 
 him to borrow Mony * At laft he received Ibme of 
 one Mr„ Afe, now Sir Jofeph dAJh, a Merchant of 
 Antwerp, which he returned to me ; but what with 
 the expence I had made in the mean while., and what 
 was required for my tranlporting into England, befides 
 the debts formerly contra&ed., thefaid money fell too 
 fhoruby 400 1. and although I could have upon my 
 own word taken up much more., yet 1 was unwilling to 
 leave an engagement amongft ftrangers : W herefore I 
 lent for one Mr. Shaw, now Sir John Sharpy near kindl- 
 man to the faicT Mr. Ajh, intreating him to lend me 
 400 1. which he did mod readily ^ and lb dilcharged 
 my debts. 
 
 My departure being now divulged in Antwerp ; the 
 Magistrates of the City came to take their leaves of me., 
 where I deiired one Mr. Duart a very worthy Gentle- 
 man, 
 
Book II. 
 
 Duke ^/Newcastle. 
 
 man, and one of the chief of the City, though he de- 
 rives his R ace from the Fortugue ^ (to whom and his 
 Sifters, all very skilful in the Art of Mufick, though 
 for their own paftime and Recreaticjm, both my Lord 
 and my felf were much bound for their great civi- 
 lities) to be my Interpreter. They were pleafed to 
 exprelsthat they were lorry for our departure out of 
 their City, but withal rejoyced at our happy return- 
 ing into our Native Country, and wilhed me foon 
 and well to the place where I mod defired to be : 
 Whereupon I having excufed my Lord’s hafty going 
 away without taking his leave of them, returned them 
 mine and my Lord’s hearty Thanks for their great ci- 
 vilities, declaring how ferry I was that it lay not in 
 my power to make an acknowledgment anlwerableto 
 them. But after their departure from me, they were 
 pieafed to fend their Under-Officers ( as the cuftom 
 there is) with a Prefent of Wine, which I received 
 with all refpefi and thankfulnels. 
 
 I being thus prepar’d for my Voyage, went with 
 my Servants to Fluffing , and finding no Englijh Man of 
 War there, being loth to truft my felf withalels Vefe 
 fel, was at la ft informed that a Dutch mm of War lay 
 there ready to Convoy feme Merchants; I forthwith 
 fent for the Captain thereof, whole name was Fanfyrt, 
 and asked him whether it was poffible to obtain the fa- 
 vour of having the ufe of his Ship totranlportmeinto 
 England ? To which he anlv vered. That he queftion’d 
 
 not 
 
88 
 
 The Life of W illiam 
 
 Book IP 
 
 not but I might; for the Merchants which he was to 
 convey , were not ready yet , defiring me to fend 
 one of my lervants to the State , to requeft that fa- 
 vour of them ; with whom he would go himfelf, 
 and aflift him the beft he could; which he alfo did.* 
 My fuit being granted , my felf and my chief fer- 
 vants embarqued in the (aid Ship ; the reft , together 
 with the Goods , being conveyed in another good 
 ftrong Veflel, hired for that purpofe 
 
 After I was fafely arrived at London , I found my 
 Lord in Lodgings ; I cannot call them unhandfome; 
 but yet they were not fit for a Perfon of his Rank 
 and Quality, nor of the capacity to contain all his 
 Family: Neither did I find my Lord’s Condition 
 
 fuch as I expe&ed : W herefore out of feme paffion 
 I defir’d him to leave the Town , and retire into the 
 Countrey ; but my Lord gently reproved me for my 
 raftmefs and impatience , and foon after removed in- 
 to Dorfet- houle; which , though it was better then 
 the former , yet not altogether to my fatisfa&ion, we 
 having but a part of the faid Houfe in poflefllon. By 
 this removal I judged my Lord would not haftily 
 depart from London ; but not long after, he was plea- 
 fed to tell me. That he had difpatched hisbufinefs, 
 and was now refolved to remove into the Country, 
 having already given order for VV aggons to tran- 
 fport our goods, which was no unpleafant news to 
 me, who had a great defire for a Countrey-life. 
 
Book II. 
 
 Duke ^Newcastle. 
 
 My Lord before he began his journey., went to 
 his Gracious Soveraign , and begg'd leave that he 
 might retire into the Countrey., to reduce and 
 fettle a if poffible., his confufed, entangled 3 and 
 almoft ruined Eftate. Sir y laid he to His Majefty^ 
 I am not ignorant y that many believe I am difcontented ; 
 and 'tis probable they l fay y I retire through difcontent: 
 But I tahgGod to witnefs^ That I am in no find or ways 
 dijp leas’d; for 1 am fo joyed at your Maje flies happy Re* 
 jlauration 5 that I cannot he fad or troubled for any Con- 
 cern to my own particular; but whatfoever Tour Adaje- 
 (ly is pleafed to command me y were it to facrificemy Life, 
 I fall mofl obediently perform it ; for I have no other 
 Witt , but Tour Majeflies Tie afure. 
 
 Thus he killed His Majeftys hand 3 and went the 
 next day into Nottingham-flnreyo his Mannor-houfe 
 calfd Wdbecf; but when he came there y and began 
 to examine his Eftate , and how it had been order- 
 ed in the time of his Banifhment 3 he knew not whe- 
 ther he had left any thing of it for himlelf^ or not, 
 till by his prudence and wifdom he inform’d himlelf 
 the beft he could , examining thole that had moft 
 knowledg therein. Some Lands., he found., could be 
 recover’d no further then for his life 5 and Ibme not 
 at all: Some had been in the Rebels hands 3 which 
 he could not recover , but by His Highnels the Duke 
 of Tories favour , to whom His Majefty had given all 
 the Eftates of thole that were condemned and execu- 
 
 A a ted 
 
The Life of W i l l i a m 
 
 Book II- 
 
 ted for murdering his Royal Father of blefled memo- 
 ry , which by the Law were forfeited to His Ma- 
 jelly ; whereof His Highnels gracioufly rellor’d my 
 Lord fo much of the Land that formerly had been 
 his ^ as amounted to 730 1 . a year. And though my 
 Lord’s Children had their Claims granted, and bought 
 out the Life of my Lord, their Father , which came 
 near upon the third part, yet my Lord received no- 
 thing for himlelf out of his own Ellate, for the {pace 
 of eighteen years, viz. During the time from the firlt 
 entring into Warr , which was June 11. 1642 , till 
 his return out of Banilhment, May 28. 1660; for 
 though his Son Henry , now Earl of Ogle , and his 
 eldeft Daughter, the now Lady Chelny , did all what 
 lay in their power to relieve my Lord their Father, 
 and lent him fome lupplies of moneys at leveral 
 times when he was in banishment ; yet that was of 
 their own ; rather then out of my Lord’s Ellate ; for 
 the Lady Cheiny fold fome few Jewels which my Lord, 
 her Father, had left her, and fome Chamber-Plate 
 which (lie had from her Grandmother , and lent o- 
 ver the money to my Lord, befides 1000 1 . of her 
 Portion : And the now Earl of Ogle did at feveral 
 times fopply my Lord, his Father, with luch mo- 
 neys as he had partly obtained upon Credit , and 
 partly made by his Marriage. 
 
 After my Lord had begun to view thole Ruines 
 that were neareft , and tried the Law to keep or re- 
 
 cover 
 
Book II. 
 
 Duke ^Newcastle. 
 
 cover what formerly was his, (which certainly Ihew’d 
 no favour to him, belides that the Ad of Oblivion 
 proved a great hinderance and obftrudion to thole his 
 defigns, as it did no lels to all the Royal Party) and 
 had letled lo much of his Eftate as poffibly he could, 
 he call up theSummof his Debts, and fet out feveral 
 partsof Land for the payment of them, or of fome of 
 them ( for fome of his Lands could not be ealily 
 fold, being entailed) and fome he fold in Derbyjhire 
 to buy the Caftle of Nottingham , which although it is 
 quite ruined and demolilht, yet, it being £ foat which 
 had plealed his Father very much, he would not leave 
 itfince it was offer’d to be fold. 
 
 His two Houles Welbec\ and Bolfiover he found 
 much out of repair, and this later half pull’d down, 
 no furniture or any neceflary Goods Were left in them, 
 but fome few Hangings and Pidtures, which had been 
 laved by the care and indufhy of his Eldelt Daughter 
 the Lady Cherny , and were bought over again after 
 the death of his eldeft Son Charles , Lord Mansfield • 
 for they being given to him, and he leaving fome debts 
 to be paid after his death. My Lord lent to his other 
 Son Henry , now Earl of Ogle, to endeavour for fo 
 much Credit, that the laid Hangings and Pi&ures 
 (which my Lord efteemed very much, the Pidures 
 being drawn by Van T>yhfi) might be laved ; which he 
 alfo did, and My Lord hath paid the debt lince his 
 return. 
 
 Of 
 
Book II. 
 
 The Life of W illiam 
 
 Of eight Parks, which my Lord had before the 
 Wars, there was but one left that was not quite de- 
 ftroyed, <vi%. WelhecJ ^ Park of about four miles com- 
 pafs ; for my Lord’s Brother Sir Charles Cavendijh .. 
 who bought out the life of my Lord in that Lordfhip, 
 laved mo ft part of it from being cut down • and in 
 Blore - Park there were fome fewDeer left:The reft of the 
 Parks were totally defaced and deftroyed,both W ood. 
 Pales and Deer ; amongft which was alfc Chpflon - 
 Park of feven miles compafs, wherein my Lord had 
 taken much delight formerly , it being rich of W ood, 
 and containing the greateft and talleft Timber-trees of 
 all the Woods he had • in fo much, that onely the 
 Pale-row was valued at 2000 1 . It was water’d by a 
 pleafant River that runs through it, full of Fifth and 
 Otters 3 was well flock’d with Deer, full of Hares, 
 and had great ftore of Partriges, Poots^Pheafants/^o, 
 befides all forts of Waterfowl ; fo that this Park af- 
 forded all manner of fports, for Hunting, Hawking, 
 Courfing, Fifhing, for which my Lord efteem- 
 ed it very much : And although his Patience and W if 
 dom is {uch, that I never perceived him fad or difcon- 
 tented for his own Lofles and Misfortunes, yet when 
 he beheld the mines of that Park , I obferved him 
 troubled, though he did little exprefs it, onely faying, 
 he had been in hopes it would not have been fo much 
 defaced as he found it, there being not one Timber- 
 tree in it left for fhelter. However he patiently bore 
 
 what 
 
Book II. 
 
 93 
 
 Duke ^Newcastle. 
 
 what could not be helped r and gave prelent order for 
 the cutting down of fome Wood that was left him in 
 a place near adjoining, to repale it, and got from fe^ 
 veral Friends Deer to flock it. 
 
 Thus though his Lawffuits and other unavoidable 
 expences were very chargeable to him, yet he order’d 
 his affairs lb prudently, that by degrees he flock’d and 
 manur’d thofe I ands he keeps for his own ufe, and in 
 part repaired his Mannor-houles, Welbec and ‘ Bolfi - 
 to which later he made fome additional building ; 
 and though he has not yet built the Seat at Nottingham 7 
 yet he hath flock’d and paled a little Park belonging 
 to it. 
 
 Nor is it poffible for him to repair all the mines of 
 the Eftate that is left him, in lb fhort a time, they being 
 fo great, and his Ioffes foconfiderable, that I cannot 
 without grief and trouble remember them • for before 
 the Wars my Lord had as great an Eftate as any fob- 
 bed in the Kingdom, delcended upon him moft by 
 Women, vi^. by his Grandmother of his Father’s 
 fide, his own Mother, and his firft Wife. 
 
 What Eftate his Grandfather left to his Father 
 Sir Charley Cavendijh , I know not ; nor can I exadly 
 tell what he had from his Grandmother, but fhe was 
 very rich ; for her third Husband Sir Will Saint 
 Loo , gave her a good Eftate in the W eft, which after- 
 wards delcended upon my Lord, my Lord’s Mother 
 being the younger daughter of the Lord Ogle , and foie 
 
 B b Heir 
 
94 
 
 The Life of W illiam 
 
 Book II. 
 
 Heir, after the death of her eldeft Sifter Jane, Countefs 
 of Shrewsbury , whom King Charles the Fir ft reftored 
 
 to her Fathers Dignity, Baronefs of Ogle : This 
 Title defended upon my Lord and his Heirs General, 
 together with 5000 1. a year inNorthumberland ; and 
 befides the Eftate left to my Lord, fhe gave him 
 ooooo 1 . in Money, and kept him and his Family at 
 her own charge for feveral years. 
 
 My Lord’s firft Wife, who was Daughter and Heir 
 to William'Baffet of lore Elq;, Widow to Henry 
 Howard , younger Son to Thomas Earl of Suffolk, 
 brought my Lord 2400 1 . a Year Inheritance, between 
 fix and (even thoufand Pounds in Money, and a join- 
 ture for her life of 800 1 . a Year. Befides my Lord 
 increaled his own Eftate before the Wars, to the va- 
 lue of 100000 1. and had increafed it more, had not 
 the unhappy W ars prevented him ; for though he had 
 lome diladvantages in his Eftate, even before the 
 Wars, yet they are not confiderable to thofe hefuf- 
 fered afterwards for thefovice of his King and Coun- 
 try : For example. His Father Sir Charles Cavendijb 
 had lent his Brother in Law Gilbert Earl of Shrews- 
 bury 16000 1. for which, although afterward before 
 his death he fetled 2000 1. a year upon him; yet he 
 having in joyed the laid Money for many years with- 
 out paying any ufe for it, it might have been improved 
 to my Lord’s better advantage, had it been in his Fa- 
 thers own hands, he being a Peribn of great prudence 
 
 in 
 
Book II. 
 
 Duke ^Newcastle. 
 
 in managing his Eftate; and though the laid Earl 
 of Shrewsbury made my Lord his Executor , yet my 
 Lord was fo far from « making any advantage by 
 that Truft, even in what the Law allowed him, that 
 he loft 1 7000 1. by it; and afterwards delivered 
 up hisTruft to William Earl of c Pembroo r ^ :) avATho * 
 mas Earl of Arundel , who both married two Daugh- 
 ters of the laid Earl of Shrewsbury ; And flnce his 
 return into England , upon the defire of Henry How^ 
 ard , Second Son to the late Earl of Arundel , and 
 Heir apparent , fby realbn of his Eldeft Brothers 
 Diftemper ) he refigned his Truft and Intereft to him, 
 which certainly is a very difficult bufinels , and yet 
 queftionable whether it may lawfully be done, or 
 not? But fuch was my Lords Love to the Fami- 
 ly of th z Shreispsburies } that he would rather wrong 
 himfelf, then ii 
 
 To mention feme lawful advantages which my 
 Lord might have made by the laid Truft, it ma y be 
 noted in the firft place. That the Earl of Shrewsbury s 
 Eftate was Let in long Leafes, which, by the Law, 
 fell to the Executor. Next, that after fome Debts 
 and Legacies were paid out of thole Lands, which 
 were fet out for thatpurpofe , they were fetled lb, that 
 they fell to my Lord. Thirdly, Seven hundred pounds 
 a year was left as a Gift to my Lord’s Brother, Sir 
 Charles Cavendifh , in cafe the Countels of Kent , Se- 
 cond Daughter to the faid Earl of Shrewsbury , had no 
 
 Chib 
 
Book II 
 
 The Life of W illiam 
 
 Children. But my Lord never made any advantage 
 for himfelf, of all thefe; neither was he inquifitive whe- 
 ther the laid Counted of Ifent cut off the Entail of that 
 Land , although die never had a Child ; for my Lord’s 
 Nature is fo generous , that he hates to be Mercenary 
 and never minds his own Profit or Intereft in any Truft 
 or Employment , more then the good and benefit of 
 him that intrufts or employs him. 
 
 But, as I laid heretofore, thefe are but petty Loffes in 
 companion of thofe he fuftained by the late Civil 
 Warrs, whereof I fhall partly give you an account: I 
 lay partly ; for though it may be computed what the 
 lofs of the Annual R ents of his Lands amounts to 
 
 y 
 
 of which he never received the lead worth for himfelf 
 and his own profit, during the time both of his being 
 employed in the Service of W arr,and his Sufferings in 
 Bani(hment;asalfbthe lofs of thofe Lands that are alie- 
 nated from him , both in prefent poffeflion , and in 
 reverfion; and of his Parks and Woods that were cut 
 down; yet it is impoflible to render an exadt account 
 of his Perfonal Eftate. 
 
 As for his Rents during the time he a&ed in the 
 W arrs , though he fufferd others to gather theirs 
 for their own ufe, yet his own either went for the ufe 
 of the Army , or fell into the hands of the Enemy, 
 or were fupprefs’d and with-held from him by the 
 Cozenage of his Tenants and Officers, my Lord be- 
 ing then not able to look after them himfelf. 
 
 About 
 
Book II. 
 
 95 
 
 Du ke o/' N ewcastle, 
 
 About the time when His late Majefty undertook 
 theexpedition into Scotland for. the lupprefting of feme 
 infurredion that happened there * My Lord, as afore 
 is mentioned, amongft thfe creft, lent His Majefty 
 i oooo 1 . frerling m 5 But having newly married a Daugh- 
 ter to the then Lord Erachjy, now Earl o iEridgwaier, 
 whole portion was 12000 1 . the moiety whereof was 
 paid in Gold on the day of her marriage, and the reft 
 foojn after (although fbewastoo young to be bedded.) 
 This, together with fome other expences, caufed him to 
 take up the laid 10000 1 . at Intereft, the Ule whereof 
 he paid many years after. 
 
 Alio when after his fixteen years Banifhment,he re- 
 turned into England , before he knew what Eftate was 
 left him, and was able to receive any Rents of his own, 
 he was neceffitated to take 5000 1 . upon Ule for the 
 maintenance of himfelf and his Family ; whereof the 
 now Earl of Devonjhire , his Goufin German, once 
 removed, lent him 1000I. for which and the former 
 1000 1. mentioned heretofore, he never defired nor 
 received any Ule from my Lord, which I mention, to 
 declare the favour and bounty of that Noble Lord. 
 
 But though it is impoflible to render an exad ac- 
 count of all the Ioffes which My Lord has fuftained 
 by the faid Wars, yet as far as they are accountable, I 
 fhall endeavour to reprefent them in thefe following 
 Particulars i 
 
 * 
 
 . Ct- 
 
 It! 
 
The Life of W illiam Book II. 
 
 In the firft place, I (hall give you a juft particular of 
 My Lords Eftate in Lands., as it was before the Wars, 
 partly according to the value of his own Surveighers, 
 and partly according to the rate it is let, at this pre- 
 fent. 
 
 Next, Ifhall accompt the Woods cut down by the 
 Rebellious Party, in feveral places of My Lords E- 
 ftate. 
 
 Thirdly, Ifhall compute the Value of thofe Lands 
 which My Lord hath loft, both in prefent pofteffion, 
 and inreverfion; that is to fay, thofe which he has loft 
 altogether, both for himfelf, and his Pofterity ; and 
 
 thofe he has recovered onely during the time of his life, 
 and which his onely Son and Heir, the now Earl of 
 
 Ogle ^ muft lofe after his Fathers deceafe. 
 
 Fourthly, I fhall make mention, how much of 
 Land my Lord hath been forced to fell for the pay- 
 ment of fome of his Debts, contrafted during the 
 time of the late Civil W ars, and when his Eftate was 
 fequeftred $ I fay fbme, for there are a great many to 
 pay yet 
 
 To which I fhall. Fifthly, add the Compofition of 
 his Brothers Eftate j and the Iofs of it for Eight years. 
 
Book II. Duke ^Newcastle. 
 
 A V articular of My Lords Ejlate in plain Kents 
 as it was partly furveighed in the Tear 1641 
 and partly is let at this prefent. 
 
 Nottingham-ftiire. 
 
 1. s. d. 
 
 T He Manner of Welbecl i ■ ■■■ c6oo oo oo 
 
 The Mannor of NortonXarbarton.-i . _ _ 
 
 and the Granges -y, — * °^54 9 0i ' 
 
 Warkfiopp — — ,, 0051 06 c8 . 
 
 The Mannor-houfe of Soakjpolm 0308 10 03 J 
 
 The Manor of ClipfionSc. Edwinjiow — 0334 °9 j 
 
 Drayton 0008 1 6 O 6 J 
 
 Dunham - — OC99 1 7 08 
 
 Sutton — — 0185 00 05 
 
 1075 G 7 02 
 0833 18 08 
 0704 01 00 
 0450 03 00 
 0139 04 02 
 0512 II 08 | ! 
 0471 02 OO J 
 
 The Mannor of Kirby , See.* 
 
 The Mannor of Cotham ■ 
 
 The Mannor of Sitthorp 
 Carcholflon •— — 
 
 Hauksworth , See. 
 
 Ftawborough 
 
 Mcaring and W^-Meadow 
 
 Lincoln-lhire. 
 
 IVellinger and Ingham Meales « w 
 
 t 
 
 1* S» da 
 
 ^229 07 II 
 
 0100 00 
 
 Derby : fhire. 
 
 The Barrony of Bolfover and Woodthorp- 
 
 The Mannor of Chejlerfield — 
 
 The Mannor of Barlow — — 
 
 Tijjington ». " . ... — » — — 
 
 Dronfield — . • — —— 
 
 The Mannor of Brampton 
 
 'Little-Longjlon — 
 
 The Mannor of Stoak^ — — 
 
 Birth- Hall, and Pe^-Forreft 
 The Mannor of Gr inglow — 
 
 The Mannor of Hucklow — 
 
 The Mannor of Blackwall — 
 
 Buxton and Tids-Hall - — 
 
 Mansfield- Park 
 
 Mappleton and Thorp : — 
 
 The Mannor of Windly-td'ill — 
 
 The Mannor of Lit church and Markworth- 
 Church. arid Meynel Langly Mannor > g » 
 
 0846 08 11*1 
 02 78 00 00 - 
 0796 17 06 
 0159 11 00 
 0486 15 10. 
 
 0142 04 08 
 0087 02 00 
 0212 03 OO 
 OI3I 08 OO - 
 
 OI56 08 00 | II J© 
 
 0162 10 08 A- 
 0306 00 04 (J 
 
 0153 02 00 Ji 
 0100 00 00 
 0207 05 00 
 0238 i 8 00 
 0713 15 01 
 0850 01 oo.. 
 
 Staffordshire* 
 
The Life of W illia 
 
 M 
 
 Stafford-' fh ire. 
 
 Book If. 
 
 1 . s. d. 
 
 0573 13 047 
 
 The Mannor of: chevpfloA 4 
 Knighton Sutton 
 
 Stroud and Kingjhant- Park- 
 
 York-flhire. 
 
 The Manors of Slingshy 5 Hovernghani abet / 
 Frit on ^ Nort hinges and Fo77/fret 
 
 Northumberland. 
 
 TheBarrony of Bothal> Ogle and Hepple^ &c— 
 
 s. 
 
 17 
 
 d. 
 
 °4 
 
 . . 
 
 The Mannor of Floor with Ca7tlion ■ — 
 
 The Mannor of Grindon. Caulclon , with} 0 /' 1 
 
 rrr . n u L_ 1 S' OC22 02 00l 
 
 It A terfull * £ v 224.Q 
 
 The Mannor of Cheadlc with Kinfy — — 025 9 18 oof 
 
 The Mannor of Barlejion^ See. - ■ ■■ ■ 0694 03 oej 
 
 Glocefter-fhire. 
 
 The Manor of Tormorton with Lltleton — - 1193 16 007 p 
 
 The Mannor of Aft on ‘Turnjil — 7 — ■ 0388 03 025 02 
 
 | c ■' " * 
 
 Summerfet-lhire. 
 
 0816 1^ 061 
 
 0300 14 04C 1303 13 10 
 
 oi 36 04 coj 
 
 1700 00 00 
 
 3000 00 00 
 
 Totall 22393 10 01 
 
 That this -Particular of My Lords Eftate was no 
 lefs then is mentioned, may partly appear by the rate, as , 
 it was furveighed, and fold by the Rebellious Parlia- 
 ment ; for they railed, towards the later end of their 
 power, which was in the year 1652, out of my Lords 
 Eftate, the fumme of 1.11593I- 10 s. 1 1 d. at five 
 years and a half Purchafe, which was at above the rate 
 of 18000 1 . a year , befides Woods; and his Bro- 
 ther 
 
Book II. 
 
 99 
 
 Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 ther Sir Charles Cavendijtis Eftate, which Eftate was 
 
 2000 1 . a vear, which falls not much fliort of the men- 
 tioned account ; and certain! y^had they not fold fuch 
 Lands at eafie rates, few would have bought them, by 
 reafon the Purchafers were uncertain how long they 
 fhould enjoy their purchafe : Befides, Under- Officers 
 do not ufually refufe Bribes ; and it is well known 
 that the Surveighers did under-rate Eftates according as 
 they were feed by the Purchafers. 
 
 Again 3 many of the Eftates of banifhed Perfons 
 w ere given to Soldiers for the payment of their Ar- 
 rears^ w ho again fold them to others w 7 hich would 
 buy them at eafier rates. But chiefly, it appears by 
 the rate as my Lords Eftate is let at prefent, there be- 
 ing feveral of the mentioned Lands that are let at a 
 
 o 
 
 higher rate now then they were lurveighed j nor are 
 they all valued in the mentioned particular according 
 to the furveigh , but many of them which were not 
 furveighed,are accounted according to the rate they are 
 let at at this prefent. 
 
 The Loft of my Lords Eftate, in plain Rents, as 
 alfo upon ordinary Ufe, and Ufe upon Ufe, is as fol- 
 loweth : 
 
 The Annual Rent of My Lords Lands, in%. 
 22393 1. 10 s. id. being loft for the fpace of 18 
 years, which was the time of his acting in the Wars, 
 and of his Banifhment, without any benefit to him, 
 reckoned without anylntereft, amounts to 403083 1. 
 
 D d But 
 
IOO 
 
 Book II 
 
 The Life of William 
 
 But being accounted with the ordinary life at Six in 
 the Hundred, and life upon life for the mentioned 
 {pace of 1 8 Years, it amounts to 733579 1 . 
 
 But fome perhaps will lay. That if My Lord had 
 enioyed his Eftate, he would have {pent it, at leaft 
 fo much as to maintain himfelf according to his degree 
 and quality. - : (n d 
 
 I anfwer ; That it is very improbable My Lord 
 fhould have {pent all his Eftate, if he had enjoyed it, 
 he being a man of great Wildom and Prudence, know- 
 ing well how to {pend, and how to manage ; for 
 though he lived nobly before the time of the Wars, 
 yet not beyond the Compals of his Eftate ; nay, lb 
 far he would have been from {pending his Eftate, that 
 no doubt but . he would have increaft it to a vaft value, 
 as he did before the Wars; where notwithftanding his 
 Holpitality and noble Houfe-keeping, his charges of 
 Building came to about 31000 1 ; the portion of his 
 fecond Daughter, which was 1 2©oo 1 ; the noble enter- 
 tainments he gave King Charles the Firft, one whereof 
 came to almoft 1 5000 1. another to above 4000 1, and 
 a third to 1 700 1. as hereafter lhall be mentioned; and 
 his great expences during the time of his being Gov^r- 
 nour to His’Majefty that now is, he yet encreafed his 
 Eftate to the value of 100000 which is 5000 per 
 annum , when it was by lb much left. 
 
 But if any one will reckon the charges of hisHoufe' 
 keeping during the time of his Exile, and when he 
 
Book II. 
 
 i 
 
 Duke ^Newcastle. 
 
 had not the enjoyment of his Eftate, he may fobftradl: 
 thefum accounted for the payment of his debts, con- 
 traded in the time of his Banifliment, which went to 
 the maintenance of himfelf and his Family ; or in 
 lieu thereof, confidering that I do not account all My 
 Lords Ioffes, but onely thole that are certainly known, 
 he may compare it with the lofs of his perfonal Eftate, 
 whereof I (hall make fome mention anon, and he*ll 
 find that I do not heighten my Lords Loffes, but ra- 
 ther diminifh them ; for furely the loflesofhis perfo- 
 nal Eftate, and thole I account not , will counter- 
 ballance the charges of his Hou (e-keeping, if not ex- 
 ceed them. 
 
 Again, others will fay. That there was much Land 
 fold in the time of My Lords Banifliment by his Sons* 
 and Feoffees in Truft. 
 
 Ianfw r er, Firft, That whatfoever was fold, was firft 
 bought of the Rebellious Power t Next, although 
 they fold fome Lands, yet My Lord knew nothing of 
 it, neither did he receive a penny worth for himfelf, nei- 
 ther of whatthej purchafed, nor fold, all the time of 
 his Banifliment till his return. 
 
 And thus much of the loft of My Lords Eftate in 
 Rents : Concerning the loft of his Parks and W oods, 
 as much as is generally known, (for I do not reckon 
 particular Trees cut do wn in (everal of his W oods yet 
 Handing} ’tis as follows : 
 
 >v .. . ’ . ^ Z' . I- * -• •' 
 
 • i* Clifjion - 
 
102 
 
 7 he Life of W i l l i a m 
 
 Book II. 
 
 1. Cl f (ion - Park and Woods cut down to the va- 
 lue of 20000 1. 
 
 2. Kfr^by-W oods, for which my Lord was for- 
 merly proferr’d ioooo 1. 
 
 3. Woods cut down in Derbyjhire 8000 1 . 
 
 4. L^dAodg- W ood^ Rome- wood and others near 
 ijfelbech^ 000 1. 
 
 5. Woods cut down in Stajford-dmc ioool. 
 
 6. Woods cut down in Torb^ (hire ioool. 
 
 7. W oods cut down in Northumberland 1 500 1 . 
 
 The Total 45000 1 . 
 
 The Lands which My Lord hath loft in prelent po~ 
 felfion are 2015 1. fer annum ? which at 20 years pur- 
 chafe come to 40 3 00 1. and thole which he hath loft in 
 Reverlion., are 3 2 1 4 1 . per annum , which at 1 6 years, 
 purchafe amount to the value of 5 1424 1. 
 
 The Lands which my Lord fince his return has fold 
 for the payment of Ibme of his debts^occafioned by the 
 Wars (for I do not reckon thole he fold to buy o- 
 thers) come to the value of 56000!.^ to which out of 
 his yearly revenue he has added ioooo 1. more., which 
 is in all 66000 1. 
 
 Laftly, The Compofition of his Brothers Eftate 
 was 5000 1. and the lols of it for eight years comes to 
 1 6000 1. 
 
 All which 3 if lumm’d up together, amounts 
 to 941303 1. 
 
 Theft 
 
Book II. 
 
 Duke ^Newcastle. 
 
 Thefe are the accountable Ioffes, which 
 Lord and Husband has buffered Ly the late Civil 
 Wars, and his Loyalty to his King and Country a 
 Concerning the lols of his perlbnal Eftate, fince ("as 
 I often mentioned ) it cannot be exadly known ; I 
 fhall not endeavour to let down the Particulars there- 
 of, onely in General give you a Note of what partly 
 they are : 
 
 i. The pulling down of leveral of his dwelling or 
 Mannor-houles. 
 
 The disfurnffhing of them, of which the Fur- 
 niture at Bolfover and fy r elbecJ^ was very noble and rich : 
 Out of his London-houfc at Clarion -well , there were 
 taken, amongft other Goods, lints of Linnen, vi^. Ta- 
 ble-Cloths, Sideboard-cloths, Napkins, &*c. where- 
 of one fuit coft 160I. they being bought for an En- 
 tertainment which My Lord made for Their Ma;efties, 
 King Charles the Firft, and the Queen, at 2 ? olfover- 
 Caftle ; And of 150 Suits of Hangings of all Ibrts 
 in all his Houles, there were not above 1 o or 1 2 faved. 
 
 Of Silver-plate, My Lord had lb much as came to 
 the value of 3S00 1 . befides feveral Curiolities of Ca- 
 binets, Cups, and other things, which after My Lord 
 was gone out of England , were taken out ofhisMan- 
 nor-houle, Welbec\ , by a Garifon of the Kings Party 
 that lay therein, whereof he recovered onely 1 100 L 
 which Money was lent him beyond the Seas, the reft 
 was loft. 
 
 My Dea 
 
io 6 
 
 The Life of W illiam 
 
 Book II 
 
 As for Pewter, Brafs, Beddings Linnen, and other 
 Houfhold-fiuff , there was nothing elfe left but fome 
 few old Feather-beds , andthofe all fpoiled,and fit for 
 noufe. 
 
 3. My Lord’s Stock of Corn , Cattel, &c. was 
 very great before the W arrs , by reafon of the large** 
 nefs and capacity of thofe grounds, and the great num- 
 ber of Granges he kept for his ownufe; as for example, 
 Tlarlow ,Carfyolflon , Gleadthorf , Welbec andfeve- 
 ral more , which were all well manured and flockt. 
 But all this flock was lofl, befides his Race of Horfes in 
 his Grounds, Grange-Horfes , Hackny-Horfes, Man- 
 nage-Horfos, Coach-Horfes, and others he kept for 
 his ufe. 
 
 To thefe Lofles I may well and juftly join the char- 
 ges which my Lord hath been put to fince his return in-* 
 to England , by reafon they were caufed by the ruines 
 of the laid Warrsj whereof I reckon , 
 
 1. His Law-fuits, which have been very chargea- 
 ble to him, more then ad van tagious. 
 
 2. The Stockings Manuring , Paling, Stubbing, 
 Hedging, &c. of his Grounds and Parks ; where it is to 
 be noted. That no advantage or benefit can be made of 
 Grounds , under the fpace of three years , and of 
 Cattel not under five or fix. 
 
 3. The repairing and furniflhing of fome of his 
 Dwelling-Houfes. 
 
 4. The 
 
Book II. 
 
 Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 4. The fetting up a Race or Breed of HorSes, as 
 he had before the W arrs ; for which purpofe he hath 
 bought the beft Mares he could get for money. 
 
 In Short, Icanreckon 12000 1 . laid out barely for 
 the repair of Ibme Ruines, which my Lord could not 
 be without , there being many of them to repair yet; 
 neither is this all that is laid out, but much more which 
 I cannot well remember ; nor is there more but one 
 Grange flock’d, amongft leveral that were kept for fur- 
 nishing his Houle with Provifions : As for other 
 
 Charges and Lofles, which My Lord hath luftained 
 fince his return , I will not reckon them, becaufemy 
 defign is onely to account Such loSfesas werecaufedby 
 the W ars. 
 
 By which, as they have been mentioned, it may 
 eafily be concluded. That although My Lord’s Eftate 
 was very great before the Wars, yet nowit is Shrunk 
 into a very narrow compafs, that it puts his Prudence 
 and Wildom to the Proof, to make it ferve hisnecefi 
 fities, he having no other afliftance to bear him up • 
 and yet notwithstanding all this, he hath fince his re- 
 turn paid both for Himlelf and his Son, all manner of 
 Taxes, Lones, Levies, Affeflments, &-c. equally 
 with the reft of His Majefties Sub/e&s, according to 
 that Eftate that is left him, which he has been forced to 
 take uponlntereft. 
 
 THE 
 
Book III. 
 
 7 be Life of W illiam 
 
 The Third Book. 
 
 T Hus having given you a faithful Account of 
 all My Lords Adions^ both before^ inland 
 after the Civil 'Warrs^ and of his Lolfes; I (hall now 
 conclude with fome particular heads concern- 
 ing the defcription of his own Perfon^ his Na- 
 tural Humour ^ Difpofitioiij Qualities^ Vertues; 
 his Pedigree 5 Plabit y Diet 5 Exercifes 3 &c. toge- 
 ther with fome other Remarks and Particulars which 
 I thought requifite to be inferted 3 both to illuftrate 
 the former Books ; and to render the Hiftory of 
 his Life more perfed and compleat. 
 
 : i. Of his Tower* 
 
 3 
 
 - .s 
 
 ( s, 
 
 After His Majefty King Charles the Firffc ^ had 
 entrufted my Lord with the Power of raifing Forces 
 for His Majefties Service 5 he effeded that which ne- 
 ver any Subjed did 3 nor was ( in all probability ) able 
 to do; for though many Great and Noble Perfons 
 did alfo raile Forces for His Majefty 5 yet they were 
 Brigades^ rather then well-formed Armies ^ incom- 
 parifon to my Lord’s. The reafon was, That my 
 Lord, by his Mother, the Daughter of Cuthbert 
 
 Lord 
 
BookllL Duke (^Newcastle, 109 
 
 Lord Ogle 0 being ally ed to mod of the moil ancient 
 Families in Northumberland , and other the Northern 
 parts 3 could pretend a greater Intereft in them, then a 
 ftranger ; for they through a natural affedion to my 
 Lord as their own Kinfman , would fooner follow 
 him, and under his Condud facrifice their Lives for 
 His Majefty s Service, then any body elfe, well 
 knowing ,' That by deferring my Lord , they deferr- 
 ed themfelvesj and by this means my Lord railed 
 firft a Troup of Horfe confifting of a hundred and 
 twenty , and a R egiment of Foot ; and then an Ar- 
 my of Eight thoufand Horfe , Foot and Dragoons, 
 in thofe parts ; and afterwards upon this ground , at 
 feveral times, and in feveral places, fo many feveral 
 Troups, Regiments and Armies , that in all from the 
 firft to the laft , they amounted to above 1 00000 men, 
 and thofe moft upon his own Intereft, and without 
 any other confiderable help or affiftance j which was 
 much fora particular Subjed , andinfuch aconjun- 
 dure of time ; for fince Armies are fooneft railed by 
 Covetoufnefs , Fear aud Fadion;. that is to fay, up- 
 on a conftant and fetled Pay , upon the Ground of 
 Terrour , and upon the Ground of Rebellion , but 
 very feldom or never upon uncertainty of Pay, and 
 when it is as hazardous to be of fuch a Party , as to be 
 in the heat of a Battel; alfo when there is no other de- 
 fign but honeft duty ; it may eafily be conceived that 
 my Lord could have no little love and affedion when 
 
 Ff He 
 
no 
 
 The Life of W illiam Book III. 
 
 He railed- his Army upon Inch grounds as could pro- 
 mile them but little advantage at that time. 
 
 Amongft the reft of his Army, My Lord had cho- 
 ien for his own Regiment of Foot, 3000 of fuch Va- 
 liant, ftout and faithful men, ( whereof many were 
 bred in the Moorilh-grounds of the Northern parts) 
 that 1 they were ready to die at my Lord’s feet, and 
 never gave over, whenlbever they were engaged in 
 a&ion, until they had either conquer d the Enemy, or 
 loft their lives. They were called White-coats, for 
 this following realbn : My Lord being relblved to 
 give them new Liveries, and there being not red Cloth 
 enough to be had, took up lb much of white as would 
 ler ve to cloath them, defiring withal, their patience un- 
 til he had got it dyed ; but they impatient of ftay, re- 
 quefted my Lord, that he would be plealed to let them 
 have it un-dyed as it was, promifing they themfelves 
 would die it in the Enemies Blood : Which requeft my 
 Lord granted them, and from that time they were 
 called White-Coats. 
 
 To give you lome inftances of their Valour and 
 Courage, I mult beg leave to repeat lome pafiages 
 mentioned in the firft Book. The Enemy having 
 clolely befieged the City of Torl^, and made apaflage 
 into the Mannor-yard^ by lpringing a Mine under 
 the Wall thereof, was got into the Mannor-houle 
 with a great number of their Forces • which My Lord 
 perceiving, he immediately went and drew So of the 
 
 faid 
 
Book III. Duke of Newca $ r l e. 
 
 laid White-coats thither, who with the greaceft Cou- 
 rage went dole up to the Enemy ., and having charged 
 them, fell Pell-mell with the But-ends of their Mufi 
 qu ets upon them, and with the afliftance of the reft 
 that renewed their Courage by their example, kill’d 
 and took 1500, and by that means laved the Town. 
 
 How valiantly they behaved themlelves in .the laft 
 fatal Battel upon Heffom-moor near T or has been alfb 
 declared heretofore ; in lb much, that although moft of 
 the Army were fled, yet they would not ftir, until by 
 the Enemies Power they were overcome, and moft of 
 them (lain in rank and file. 
 
 Their love and affedion to my Lord was fuch, that 
 it lafted even when he was deprived of all his power, 
 and could do them little good ; to which purpole I 
 ftiall mention this following paflage ; 
 
 My Lord being in Antwerp received a Vifit from a 
 Gentleman, who came out of England , and rendred 
 My Lord thanks for his lafe Elcape at Sea ; My 
 Lord being in amaze, not knowing what the Gentle- 
 man meant, he was plealed to acquaint Him, that in 
 his coming over Sea out of England , he was let upon 
 by Pickaroons, who having examined him , and the 
 reft of his Company, at laft lome asked him, whether 
 he knew the Marquels of Nemajlle ? To whom he 
 anfwered , That he knew him very well , and was 
 going over into the lame City where my Lord lived. 
 Whereupon they did not onely take nothing from 
 
 him. 
 
I 12 
 
 The Life of W illiam 
 
 Book III. 
 
 him , but uled him with all Civility , and defired him to 
 remember their humble duty to their Lord Generator 
 they were fome of his White-Coats that hadefcaped 
 death; and if my Lord had any fervice for them, they 
 were ready to affift him upon what Defigns foever, and 
 to obey him in whatfoever he fhould be plealed to Com- 
 mand them. 
 
 This I mention for the Eternal Fame and Memory 
 of thole Valiant and Faithful Men. But to return 
 to the Tower my Lord had ill the late Warrs: Ashe 
 was the Head of his own Army, and had railed it moll 
 upon his own Intereft for the Service of His Majefty ; 
 fo he was never Ordered by His Majeftys Privy 
 Council, ( except that fome Forces of His were kept 
 by His late Majefty , ( which he lent to Him ) together 
 with fome Arms and Ammunition heretofore menti- 
 oned ) until His Highnels Prince Rupert came from 
 His Majefty, to join with him at the Siege of Tor\ 
 He had moreover the Power of Coyning, Printing, 
 Knighting , &c. which never any Subject had before, 
 when HisSoveraign Himlelf was in the Kingdom; as 
 alfo the Command of fo many Counties, as is mention- 
 ed intheFirft Book , and the Power of placing and 
 dilplacing what Governours and Commanders he 
 plealed , and of conftituting what Garifons he thought 
 fit ; of the chief whereof I (ball give you this follow- 
 ing lift. 
 
 A T \ir* 
 
Book III. 
 
 Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 A \ Particular of the Principal Garifons, and the Go- 
 vernors of them > conflicted by my Lord . 
 
 \ 
 
 In Northumberland. 
 
 N Ewcaflle upon 7 *yne, Sir John Marley Knight. 
 
 Tynmouth-Caflle and Sheilds , Sir Thomas Riddal, 
 Knight. 
 
 In the Bifloopricl^of Durham. 
 
 Hartlepool , Lieutenant Colonel Henry Lambton. 
 Raby-Caftle , Sir William Savile y Knight and Baro- 
 net. 
 
 \ 
 
 In Yorkfhire. 
 
 The City of Tor\ ^ Sir Thomas Glenham Knight and 
 Baronet ; and afterwards when he took the Field, 
 the Lord Jo. Bellafyfe. 
 
 Pomfret-Caflle. , Colonel Mynn, and after him Sir Jo, 
 Redman . 
 
 Sheffield- Caflle, Major Beamont. 
 
 Wortly-Hall , Sir Francis Worthy. 
 
 Ticfyill-Caftle , Major Mountney. 
 
 Done after. Sir Francis Fane, Knight of the Bath , af- 
 terwards Governour of Lincoln . 
 
 Sandal-Caflle , Captain Bonivant. 
 
 G g Slfflpton 
 
Book III. 
 
 1 1 4 The Life of W illiam 
 
 Sbfpton-Cafle , Sir John Mallary , Baronet. 
 Bolton-Cafile, Mr. Scroope. 
 
 Hemfley-C aflle , Sir Jordan Crofand . 
 
 Scarborough - Caftle and Town, Sir Hugh Chomley . 
 Stamford-Bridg , Colonel Galbreth . 
 
 Halifax, Sir Francis Maclpyorth. 
 
 T idcafler , Sir Gamaliel Dudley. 
 
 Eyrmouth, Major Kaughton. 
 
 In Cumberland. 
 
 The City of Car life , Sir Philip Mufgrave , Knight 
 and Baronet. 
 
 Colonel Kirby. 
 
 In Nottinghamflhire. 
 
 Newarl ^ upon T rent , Sir John Henderfon, Knight,* and 
 afterwards, Sir Richard Byron, Knight, now Lord 
 Byron. 
 
 Wyrton- Houfe , Colonel Rowland Hacker. 
 
 IVelbecf Colonel Van Peire * and after. Colonel 
 
 Beeton. 
 
 Shelford-Houfe, Col Philip Stanhop. 
 
 Cocl^ermoutb 
 
 In 
 
uke ^Newcastle, 
 
 In Lincolnfhire. 
 
 The City of Lincoln y firft Sir F ranch Fane y Knight 
 of the Bath ; fecondly., Sir Peregrine Bar tu. 
 Gainsborough y Colonel St. (jeorge . 
 
 Bullingbrool^ Caftle, Lieutenant Colonel Chefier . ' 
 Beluoir * Gaftle^ Sir Gervas Lucas . 
 
 * r> 
 
 Derbyftdre. 
 
 * ■) 
 
 ; 
 
 jBfl^itfr-Caftle, Colonel Mufichamp. 
 
 Wingfield Manner., Colonel Roger Molyneux* 
 Staly- Houfej the now Lord Fretcbmle . 
 
 ^ LIST of the General OFFICERS of 
 the A RUT. 
 
 1. ^TT^He Lord General, the now Duke of Newca- 
 
 H flle y the Noble Subjeftof this Book. 
 
 2. The Lieutenant General of the Army ; firft the 
 Earl of Newport 0 afterwards the Lord Eythin. 
 
 3. The General of the Ordnance., Charles Vifeount 
 
 4. The General of the Horfe., George Lord Goring. 
 
 5. The 
 
 Mansfield . 
 
u 6 The L/j? of William Book IIL 
 
 5. The Colonel General of the Army , Sir Thomas 
 Glenham . 
 
 6 . The Major General cf the Army, Sir Francis 
 
 7. The Lieutenant General of the Horfe, Firft 
 Mr. Charles Cavendijh , after him Sir Charles 
 Lucas. 
 
 8. Commilfary General of Horfe , Firft Colonel 
 Windham , after him Sir WilliamThroctynorton, and 
 after him Mr. George Torter. 
 
 9. Lieutenant General of the Ordnance, Sir William 
 Davenant. 
 
 1 o. T reafurer of the Army, Sir William Carnaby . 
 
 . - . \ 1 
 
 1 1 . Advocate-General of the Army, Dr. Liddal. 
 
 1 2. Quarter-Mafter General of the Army, Mr. Ralph 
 Errington. 
 
 13. Providore-General of the Army, Mr. (jew as 
 Nevily and after Mr. S mith . 
 
 14. Scout-Mafter-General of the Army, Mr. 
 
 Hudfon. 
 
 1 •. ...• ’*A‘ \ • 
 
 15. Waggon-Maltcr- General of the Army, Baptifi 
 
 fohnfon. 
 
 fldacbpaorth 
 
 William 
 
Book III. 
 
 Duke of N EWCAS TLE. 
 
 William Lord JViddrington was Prefident of the 
 Council of War, and Commander in chief of the 
 three Counties of Lincoln , Jutland and Nottingham , 
 and the forces there. 
 
 When my Lord marched with his Army to New ~ 
 caflle againft the Scots , then the Lord John Bellajfs was 
 conftituted Governour of and Commander in 
 Chiefs or Lieutenant General of Yorl^jhire. 
 
 As for the reft of the Officers and Commanders of 
 every particular Regiment and Company, they be- 
 ing too numerous., cannot well be remembred, and 
 therefore I (hall give you no particular accompt of 
 them. 
 
 2. Of His Misfortunes and obfruBions. 
 
 A Lthough Nature had favour d My Lord, and 
 endued him with the beft Qualities and Perfecti- 
 ons (he could inlpire into his foul ; yet Fortune hath 
 ever been fuch an inveterate Enemy to him, that Ihe 
 invented all the Ipight and malice againft him that lay 
 in her power ; and notwithftanding his prudent Coun- 
 ts and Defigns, caft foch obftru&ions in his way, that 
 he feldom proved fuccefsfiil, but where he afted in Per- 
 fon. And fince I am not ignorant that this unjuft and 
 
 Gg 2 partial 
 
Book III 
 
 1 1 8 The Life of W i l l i a m 
 
 partial Age is apt to fupprefs the worth of meritorious 
 perfons, and that many will endeavour to obfcure my 
 Lords noble Aftions and Fame, by carting unjuft a- 
 Iperfions upon him, and laying (either out of igno- 
 rance or malice) Fortunes envy to his charge, I have 
 purpoled to reprefent thefe obftru&ions which conlpi- 
 red to render his good intentions and endeavours in- 
 effe&ual, and at laft did work his ruine and deftru&ion, 
 in thefe following particulars. 
 
 1. At the time when the Kingdom became fo’ in- 
 fatuated, as to oppofe and pull down their Gracious 
 King and Soveraign , the Treafury was exhaufted, 
 and no fufficient means to raife and maintain Armies to 
 reduce his Majefties Rebellious Subje&s ; fo that My 
 Lord had little to begin withal but what his own Eftate 
 would allow,and his Intereft procure him. 
 
 2. When his late Majefty, in the beginning of the 
 unhappy Wars, lent My Lord to Hull , theftrongeft 
 place in the Kingdom, where the Magazine of Arms 
 and Ammunition was kept, and he by his prudence 
 had gained it to his Majefties fervice ; My Lord 
 was left to the mercy of the Parliament, where he 
 had lurely fuffered for it, (though he a&ed not with- 
 out His Majefties Commiffion ) if fome of the con- 
 trary party had not quitted him, in hopes to gain him 
 on their fide. 
 
 3. After 
 
Book III. Duke of N £ WC AS TLE, 
 
 j. After His Majefty had fontMyLold to New- 
 castle upon Tyne, to take upon him the Government 
 of that place., and he had railed there., of Friends and 
 Tenants., a troup of Horle and R egiment of Foot^ 
 which he ordered to conveigh fome Arms and Ammu- 
 nition to His Majefty^ lent by the Queen out of Hoi - 
 land ■ His Majefty was pleafed to keep the lame Con- 
 voy with him to encreafe his own Forces., which al- 
 though it was but of a frnall number, yet at that pre- 
 lent time it would have been very ferviceable to my 
 Lord^ he having then but begun to raile Forces. 
 
 4. When Her Majefty the now Queen-Mother, after 
 her arrival out offia/^Wtorar^hadapurpole to con- 
 veigh fome Armes to His Majeftyp My Lord order’d 
 a Party of 1500 to conduit the lame., w ? hich His Ma- 
 jefty was pleafed to keep with him for his own lervice. 
 
 5. After Her Ma jefty had taken a refolutiontogo 
 from Torhy o Oxford , where the King then was^my Lord 
 for Her lafer conduit quitted 7000 men of his Army 3 
 with a convenient Train of Artillery., which likewile 
 never returned to my Lord. 
 
 6. When the Earl of Montrofs was going into 
 
 Scotland , he went to my Lord at Durham, and de- 
 firedof him a lupply of fome Forces for His iWajefties 
 lervice; where my Lord gave him 200 Horle and 
 Dragoons^ even at luchatime when he flood moft in 
 need of a fupply himlelf, and thought every day to 
 encounter the Scottifh Army; ' 
 
 H h 7. When 
 
8 The Life of William Book III 
 
 7. When my Lord out of the Northern parts went 
 into Lincoln - and Derby-fhire? with his Army, to or- 
 der and reduce them to their Allegiance and Duty to 
 His Majefty, and from thence refolved to march 
 into the Aflbciate Counties , ( where in all por- 
 bability he would have made an happy end of the 
 Warr) he was fc importuned by thofe he left behind 
 him , and particularly the Commander in Chief , to 
 return into Torb^fhire , alledging the Enemy grew 
 ftrong, and would mine them all, if he came not 
 fpeedily to luccour and affift them ; that in honour 
 and duty he could do no otherwife but grant their 
 Requefts ,* when as yet being returned into thole parts 
 he found them fecure and fafe enough from the Ene. 
 mies Attempts. 
 
 8. My Lord (as heretofore mentioned) had as great 
 private Enemies about His Ma/efty, as he had pub- 
 lick Enemies in the Field , who ufed all the endeavour 
 they could to pull him down. 
 
 9. There was luch Jugling, Treachery , and Falf- 
 hood in his own Army , and amongft feme of his 
 own Officers , that it was impoffible for my Lord to 
 be prolperous and fucceisful in his Defigns and Un- 
 dertakings. 
 
 10. My Lords Army being the chief and great- 
 eft Army which His Majefty had , and in which con- 
 fifted His prime Strength and Power ; the Parliament 
 refolved at laft, to join all their Forces with the Army 
 
 of 
 
Book III. Duk Eof Newcastle. 
 
 of the Scots, (which when it came out of Scotland 
 was above Twenty thouland Men) to oppofe, and 
 if poffible , to mine it ; well knowing , that if they 
 did pull down my Lord, they fhould be Matters of 
 ail the Three Kingdoms ; fo that there were Three 
 
 Armies againft One. But although my Lord fuffer- 
 ed much by the Negligence ( and iometimes Trea-* 
 
 chery ) of his Officers , and was unfortunately called 
 back into Torf^fhire , from his March he defigned for 
 the Affociate Counties, and was forced to part with 
 a great number of his Forces and Ammunition , as 
 aforementioned • vet he would hardly have been over- 
 come, and his Army ruined by the Enemy , had he 
 but had fome timely ffipply~and affiftance at the Siege 
 of Tor^ or that his Counfel had been taken in not 
 fighting the Enemy then , or that the Battel had been 
 differ’d fbme two or three dayes longer, until thole 
 Forces were arrived which heexpe&ed, namely three 
 thouland men out of Northumberland D and Two thou- 
 fand drawn out of feveral Garilons. But the chief 
 Misfortune was , That the Enemy fell upon the Kings 
 Forces before they were all put into a BattaUiajm d took 
 them at their great difad vantage ; which cauled luch a 
 Panick fear amongft them, that moftof the Horfe of 
 the right Wing of His Ma;efty’s Forces, betook them- 
 felvesto their heels ; inlomuch, that although the left 
 Wing (commanded by the Lord Cjoring, and my Bro- 
 ther Sir Charles Lucas ) did their beft endeavour , and 
 
 beat 
 
I 20 
 
 The Life of W i l l i a m 
 
 Book III. 
 
 beat back the Enemy three times, and My Lord’s own 
 Regiment of Foot charged them fo couragioufly, that 
 they never broke, but died molt of them in their Ranks 
 and Files ; yet the Power of the Enemy being too 
 ftrong, put them at laft to a total rout and confufion. 
 Which unlucky difafter put an end to all future 
 hopes of His Majefties Party ; fo that my Lord feeing 
 he had nothing left in his Power to do His Ma;efty a- 
 ny further fervice in that kind (for had he flayed, he 
 would have been forced to forrender all thofe Towns 
 and Garifons in thofe parts, that were yet in His Ma-* 
 ;eflies Devotion, as afterwards it alfo happen’d) re» 
 folved to quit the Kingdom, as formerly is menti- 
 oned. 
 
 And thefe are chiefly the obftrudions to the good 
 foccefs of my Lord’s Defigns in the late Civil Wars ; 
 which being rightly confidered, will lave him blame- 
 lefs from what otherwife would be laid to his charge ; 
 for, as according to the old faying, ’ Tis eafefor men to 
 [mm, when they are held up by the chin : So on the other 
 fide, it is very dangerous and difficult for them to en- 
 deavour it, when they are pulled down by the Heels, 
 and beaten upon their Heads. 
 
 3. Of His Loyalty and Sufferings . 
 
 t 
 
 I dare boldly andjuftly fay. That there never was, 
 nor is a more Loyal and Faithful Subjed then My 
 
 Lord : 
 
Book III. Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 J 
 
 Lord : Not to mention the Truft he di/charged in all 
 thole imployments , which either King James , or 
 King Charles the Firft^ or His now Gracious Matter 
 King Charles the Second, were pleaftd to beftow up- 
 on him, which he performed with fuch care and fide- 
 lity^ that he never difobeyed their Commands in the 
 leaft * I will onely note, 
 
 i . That he was the Firft that appear'd in Armes for 
 His Majefty, and engaged Himfolf and all his Friends 
 he could for His Majefties Service ; and though he 
 had but two Sons which were young, and one onely 
 Brother, yet they all were with him in the Wars : 
 His two Sons had Commands,but His Brother, though 
 he had no Command, by reafon of the weaknefs of 
 his body, yet he was never from My Lord when he 
 was in action, even to the laft ; for he was the laft 
 with my Lord in the Field in that fatal Battel upon 
 Hejjom^moor , near Yorh^ ; and though my Brother, 
 Sir Charles Lucas , defiredmy Lord to fond his Sons a- 
 way, when the faid Battel was fought, yet he; would 
 not, faying, His Sons (hould fhew their Loyalty and 
 Duty to His Majefty, in venturing their lives, as well 
 as Himfolf. * 
 
 2. My Lord was the chief and onely Perfon, that 
 kept up the Power of His late Majefty j for when his 
 Army was loft, all the Kings Party was ruined in all 
 three of his Majefties Kingdoms ; becaufo in his Ar- 
 my lay the chief ftrength of all the Royal Forces; 
 
 I i it 
 
I 2 2 
 
 Book 111 
 
 The Life of W i l l I A M 
 
 it being the greateft and beft formed Army which His 
 Majefty had, and the onely fupport both of his Ma- 
 jefties Ferfon and Power, and of the hopes of all his 
 Loyal Subjedsin all his Dominions. 
 
 3. My Lord was 16 Years in Banifhment, and 
 hath loft and buffered moft of any fubjed, that buffer’d 
 either by War, or other ways, exceptthofe cfftloft 
 their lives, and even that he valued not, but exp ! 
 it to id eminent dangers that nothing but Heavens Dc 
 cree had ordained to lave it. 
 
 4. He never minded his own Intereft more then 
 his Loyaltie and Duty , and upon that account never 
 defired nor received any thing from the Crown to en- 
 rich himfelf, butfpent great (urns in His Majefties Ser- 
 vice ; fo that after his long banifhment and return into 
 England, I obferved his ruined Eftate was like an 
 Earthquake, and his Debts like Thunder-bolts, by 
 which he was in danger of being utterly undone , had 
 not Patience and Prudence , together with Heavens 
 Bleflings , faved him from that threatning Ruine. 
 
 5 . He never repined at his Lofles and Sufferings, be- 
 caufe he loft and buffered for his King and Countrey ; 
 nay, fo far was he from that, that I have heard him 
 fay. If the fame Warrs fliould happen again, and he 
 was fure to lobe both his life, and all he had left him, yet 
 he would moft willingly facrifice it for His Ma/efties 
 Service. 
 
 6 . He 
 
Book III. 
 
 DiiKEtfjf Newcastle. 
 
 123 
 
 6. He never connived or confpired with the Ene- 
 my, neither diredly nor indiredly ; for though feme 
 Perfon of Quality being felt in the late Wars to him 
 into the North, from His late Majefty , who was 
 then at Oxford , with feme Mellage, did withal in pri- 
 vate acquaint him, that feme of the Nobility that were 
 with the King, defired him to fide with them againft 
 HisMa/efty, alledging that if HisMajefty fhould be- 
 come an abfelute Conqueror, both himfef and the reft; 
 of the Nobility would lofe all their Rights and Privi- 
 ledges ; yet he was id far from confenting to it, that 
 he returned him this anfwer, namely. That he entred 
 into adions of War, for no other end, but for the 
 jfervice of His King and Mafter, and to keep up His 
 Majefties Rights and Prerogatives, for which he was 
 refelved to venture both his Life, Pofterity and Eftate ; 
 for certainly, (aid he, the Nobility cannot fall if the 
 King be Vidorious, nor can they keep up their Dig- 
 nities, if the King be overcome. 
 
 ThisMeffage was delivered by word of mouth, but 
 none of their names mentioned; fd that it is not cer- 
 tainly known whether it was a real truth or not ; more 
 probable it was, that they intended to found my Lord, 
 or to make, if poffible, more divifion ; for certainly 
 not all that pretended to be for the King, were His 
 Friends ; and I my felf remember very well, when i 
 was with Pier Hajefty, the now Queen-Mother, in 
 Oxford , f although I was too young to perceive their 
 
 intrigues, 
 
Book III. 
 
 The Life of W illiam 
 
 intrigues., y et I was old enough to obferve) that there 
 were great Fa&ions both amongfl the Courtiers and 
 Soldiers. But my Lords Loyalty was fuch^ that 
 he kept always faithful and true to His Majefty., and 
 could by no means be brought to fide with the RebeF 
 lions Party ^ or to juggle and mind his own Intereft 
 more then his Ma jellies Service ; and this was the caufe 
 that he had as great private Enemies at Court, as he 
 had publick Enemies in the Field 7 who fought as 
 much his ruine and deflrudtion privately., and would 
 call afperfions upon his Loyalty and Duty., as thefe 
 did publickly oppofe him. 
 
 In fhort, that it may appear the better what loyal 
 and faithful fervices my Lord has done both for His 
 late Majefly King Charles the Firfh, and His now Gra- 
 cious Mafler King Chariest he Second., I have thought 
 fit to fubjoin both Their Majeflies Commendations 
 which they werepleafed to give him., when for his Great 
 and Loyal Services they confer ’d upon him the Titles 
 and Dignities of Marquefs 3 and Du\e of NewcafHe. 
 
 A 
 
Book III 
 
 125 
 
 Duke 0jf Newcastle. 
 
 A Copy of the Preamble of My Lords Patent for 
 Mar fiefs y Engliflied* 
 
 Rex & j c. Salutemu 
 
 ■Hereof it appears* to Vs, That William Farl 
 of Newcaftle upon Tyne , befdes his mof 
 Eminent Birth and fplendid Alliances , hath equal- 
 led all thofe Titles with which he is adorned 
 by Dejert j and hath alfo wonne them by Virtue , 
 Induflry , ‘Prudence, and a fledfaf Faith : While fi 
 with dangers and expences gathering together Soldiers , 
 Arm.es ^ and all other War-hhp Habiliments * and apply- 
 ing them as well in Our Affairs , as moji plentifully fending 
 them to Vs, (having forethought of Our Dignity and fecu- 
 rity) he was ready with Vs in all A Awns in York- 
 {hire, and governed the Town of Newcaftle, and Caflle 
 in the mouth of Tyne, at the time of that fatal Revolt of 
 the People who were got together ; and with a Bond of his 
 Friends did opportunely fei^e that Portland fettled it a Ga~ 
 rifori • bringing Armes to Vs f then Our onely relief :J In 
 which Service fo flrongly going on , f which was of grand 
 moment to our affairs J We do gratefully remember him fill 
 to have food to : Afterwards , having Mufered together a 
 good Army, ( Our felf being gone elfe-wherej the Re - 
 be Is now enjoying almofl all Y ork-fhire, and the chiefef 
 Fortrefs of all the Country now appearing to have fcarce 
 re fuge or fafety for him againfl the fwelling Rebels , ( the 
 
 If ^ whole 
 
1 26 T he Life of William Book III, 
 
 whole Country then clef ring and fraying for his coming , 
 that he might timely relieve them in their defer ate condi- 
 tion J ejl nd leading his f aid Army in the midfl of Winter ; 
 gave the Rebels Battel in his pajji age, vanquiflj d them, and 
 pit them to fight , and too f from them fever al Gaufons , 
 and faces of Refuge , and reftored Health to the Sub j eels, 
 and by his many Victories , Peace and Security to the Coun- 
 tryes : Witnefs thofe places, made Noble by the death and 
 flight of the Rebels : in Lincoln-Jhire , Gainsborough 
 and Lincoln ; in Derby - flme , Chefterfield ; but in 
 Yorfl-flhire, Peirce-bridge^ Seacroft, Tankerly., Tad- 
 cafter., Sheffield., R other am., Yarum^ Beverly^ Ca- 
 woock Selby., Halifax., Leeds^ and above all , Brad- 
 ford j where when the Y orkfhire- and Lancafhir c-Rebels 
 were united , andRattel joined with them; when Our Ar- 
 my as well by the great numbers of the Rebels , as much more 
 the badnefs of Our ground, was fo prefl upon, that the Sol- 
 diers now feemedto thin\ of flying; He, their General, with 
 a full Carter , commanding two T* roops to follow him, 
 brof? into the very rage of the Rattel, and with fo much vR 
 0 lence fell upon the right Wing of thofe Rebels, That thofe 
 who were but now certain of ViClory, turn'd their bacf, and 
 fled from the Conqueror , who byhisWifdom, Virtue and . 
 his own Hand, brought death and flight to the Rebels, Vi- 
 ctory and Glory to Himfelf, Plunder to the Soldiery, 
 and 2 2 great Guns , and many Enfigns to Vs. Nor was 
 there before this, wanting to fo much Virtue, equal Felicity, 
 
 for Our mofl beloved Confort, after a difmal V empefl coming 
 
 from 
 
Book III. Duke ^Newcastle. 127 
 
 from Holland^ being drove afhore at Burlington; and 
 undergoing a more grievous danger , by the excurfons of the 
 Rebels J ben the t offing and tumbling of the Sea ; He having 
 heard of it, fee dily goes to Her with his Army , and duti- 
 fully receiveth Her, in fafety brings Her , and with all 
 fecurity conduits Her to Vs at Oxford. IVhereas there- 
 fore the aforefaid Earl hath raifed fo many Monuments of 
 His Virtue and F idelity towards Vs, Our Queen, Children, 
 and Our Kingdom ; when alfo he doth at this time eflablijh 
 with fafety, and with His Power defend the Nothern farts 
 of Our Kingdom agarnfl the Rebels ; whenlaftly , nothing 
 more concerns Mantynd and Princes, and nothing can be 
 more jufl, then that he may receive for his f Deeds, a Re-° 
 ward fuitable to his name , which requires that he who 
 defends the Borders,fhould be created by Vs, Governour 
 or Marquels of the Borderers. Know therefore, & j c. 
 
I 2-8 
 
 The Life of W illia m Book III. 
 
 A Copy of the Preamble of My Lord’s Patent for 
 JD ZJ I\E 5 Engliflied. 
 
 Rex&*c. Salutem. 
 
 W Hereas Our mof beloved and faithful Coufin and 
 
 Counfellor y William Earl and Marquefs of 
 Ne wcaftle upon T y ne 5 &c. worthy by his famous Name \ 
 
 Blood and Office y of large Honours y has been eminent in 
 fo many y and fo great Services performed to ZJs and Our 
 Father f of ever blejfed memory') that his Merits are fill 
 producing new ejfe&s y We have decreed lihgwife to add more 
 Honour to his former. And though thefe his fuch eminent 
 Actions 3 which he hath faithfully and valiantly performed 
 to ZJs y Our F ather y and Our Kingdom , feahjoud enough 
 in themfelves ; yet fince the valiant Services of a good Sub - 
 jeU are always pleafant to remember y We have thought ft 
 to have them in part related for a good Example and En- 
 couragement to Virtue . 
 
 The great proofs of his Wifdom and Piety are fuffcient- 
 ly Ipaown to ZJs from Our younger years 0 and We fhall aU 
 wayes retain a fenfe of thofe good Principles he injiilled in- 
 to ZJs ; the Care of Our Touth which he happily undertook 
 for Our good y he as fait hf ully and well difc barged. Our years 
 growing up amidfl bad Times y and the harfh Necejfties of 
 Warr , a new Charge and C are of Loyaltie y the Kingdom 
 
 and 
 
Book in 
 
 Duke of Newcastle, 
 
 and Religion call' d him off to mahp ufe of his further DR 
 ligence and Valour. Rebellion ffread abroad, he levied 
 Loyal Forces in great numbers • oppofed the Enemy , won fb 
 many and fo great V i cl ones in the Fields tool ^ in Jo many 
 Towns , Caffes and Garifons, as well in Our Northern 
 parts , as elfe where; and behaved himfelf with fo great 
 Courage and Valour in the defending alfo what he had got, 
 efpe dally at the Siege of York., which he maintain d a- 
 gainfi three P otent Armies of Scots and Englifh., clofely 
 beleaguering , and with emulation affaulting it for three 
 Months (till Relief was brought J to the wonder and 
 envy of the Enemy * that, if Loyal and Humane Force 
 could have prevailed , he hadfoon reflored Fidelity , Peace 
 and his Kff N G to the Nation , which was then hur- 
 rying to Rmne by an unhappy Fate • So that Rebellion 
 getting the upper hand, and no place being left for him to aU 
 further valiantly in, for his King and Countrey , he 
 fill retain d the fame Loyalty and Valour in fnffering , 
 being an infp arable Follower of Our Exile j during 
 which fad Cat a fir op he , his whole Eflate was fequef red 
 and fold from him , and his Perfon alwayes one of the 
 frjl of thofe few who were excepted both for Life and E 
 fate (" which' was offer d to all others . ) Refides , his 
 Virtues are accompanied with a Noble Blood , being of 
 a Family by each Stoff equally adorn d and endow d 
 with great Honours and Riches. For which Reafons 
 We have refolvd to grace the faid Marquefs with a 
 new Addrbyf our Favour , he being every way deferv- 
 
 LI ing 
 
130 
 
 Book III 
 
 The Life of W illiam 
 
 ing of it, as one who lov'd vertue equal to his Noble 
 Birth, and pojfefs d Patrimonies fuitable to both , as long as 
 loyalty had any place to fhew it felf in our Realm', which 
 poffejfions he fo well employ d, and at laft for Vs and Our 
 Fathers fervice loft, till he was with Vs reford Kgnow 
 therefore, &c. 
 
 4. Of his Prudence and Wifdom. 
 
 M Y Lord s Prudence and Wifdom hath been dif- 
 fidently apparent both in his Publick and Pri- 
 vate Adions and Imployments ; for he hath fuch a 
 Natural infpe&ion, and Judicious Obfervation of 
 things, that he fees beforehand what will come to pafs, 
 and orders his affairs accordingly. To which pur- 
 poie I cannot but mention, that Laud, the then Arch- 
 bifhop of Canterbury, between whom and my Lord, 
 Interceded a great and intire Friendfhip,* which he con- 
 firmed by a Legacy of a Diamond, to the value of 
 200 1 . left to my Lord when he died, which was much 
 for him to bequeath ; for though he was a great Stated- 
 man, and in favour with his late Majefty, yet he was 
 not covetous to hoard up wealth, but befto wed it ra- 
 ther upon the Publick, repairing the Cathedral of 
 St. Pauls in London , which, had God granted him life, 
 he would certainly have beautified , and rendred as 
 famous and glorious as any in Chriftendom : This laid 
 
 Arch-Bifhop 
 
Book III. 
 
 Duke of Ne w c a 5 r l e. 
 
 Arch-Bifliop was pleafed to tell His late Majefty, that 
 my Lord was one of the VFifeft and Prudenteft Per- 
 lons that ever he was acquainted with. 
 
 For further proof, I cannot pals by that my Lord 
 told His late Majefty King Charles the Firft, and Her 
 Majefty the now Queen-Mother, lome time before 
 the Wars, That he obferved by the humours of the 
 People, the approaching of a Civil War, and that 
 His Majefties Perlon would be in danger of being de- 
 pofed, if timely care was not taken to prevent it. 
 
 Allb when my Lord was at Antwerp the Marquels 
 of Montrofs , before he went into Scotland , gave my 
 Lord a Vilit, and acquainted him with his intended 
 Journey, asking my Lord whether he was not allb go- 
 ing for England ? My Lord anfwer’d, He was ready 
 to do His Ma jelly what fervice he could, and would 
 fhun no opportunity, where he perceived he could ef- 
 fe&lomething to His Majeftiesadvantage;Nay,laid he, 
 if His Majefty fhould be plealed to Command my An- 
 gle Perlon to go againft the whole Army of the Ene- 
 my ,although I was lure to lofe my life,y et out of a Loy- 
 al Duty to His Majefty, and in Obedience to his 
 Commands, I fhould never refufe it. But to ven- 
 ture ( laid he ) the life of my Friends, and to be- 
 tray them in a delperate a&ion, without any proba^ 
 bility of doing the leaftgood to His Majefty, would 
 be a very unjuft and unconfeionable a<ft , for my 
 Friends might perhaps venture with me upon an im- 
 
2 he Life of W illiam 
 
 Book III 
 
 piicite Faith, that I was fo honed as not to engage 
 them without a firm and fclid foundation * but I 
 wanting that, as having no Ships, Amies, Ammu- 
 nition ^ Provifion , Forts , and places of Rendez- 
 vous, and what is the chief thing, Money ; To what 
 purpofe would it be to draw them into fo hazardous an 
 
 Addon, but to feek their ruine and dedruddon, with- 
 out the lead benefit to His Majedy ? Then the MarqueS 
 of Montrof asked my Lord’s Advice, and what he 
 fhould do in fuch a cafe? My Lord anfwer’d,That 
 he knowing bed his own Countrey, Power and 
 Strength , and what probability he had of Forces, 
 and other Neceflaries for Warr , when he came into 
 Scotland , could give himfelf the bed advice ; but 
 withall told him , That if he had no Provifion nor 
 Ammunition , Armes and places of Rendezvous 
 for his men to meet and join , he would likely be 
 forced to hide his head , and differ for his rafh un- 
 dertaking : Which unlucky Fate did alfb according- 
 ly befall that worthy Perfon. 
 
 Thefe paffages I mention to no other end , but to 
 declare my Lord’s Judgment and Prudence in world- 
 ly Affairs ; whereof there are fo many , that if I 
 fhould fet them all down, it would fwell this Hido- 
 ry to a big V olume. They may in fome fort be gather’d 
 from his addons mentioned heretofore , efpecially the 
 ordering of his affairs in the time of Warr, with 
 fuch Gondudf, Prudence and Wifdom, that not- 
 u ' with' 
 
Book III. 
 
 no 
 * 66 
 
 Duke of N s wc a $ t l e . 
 withftandingat the beginning of his Undertaking that 
 
 O O O O 
 
 great Trull and honourable Employment which His 
 late Majefty was pleafed to confer upon him, he law 
 lo little appearance of performing his Defigns with 
 goodfoccels,HisMajelly’s Revenues being then much 
 weakned,and the Magazines and publick Purfe , in the 
 Enemies Power, befides feveral other obftrudions 
 and hinderances* yet as he undertook it chearfully, 
 and out of pure Loyalty and Obedience to His Ma- 
 jefty • lb he ordered it fo wifely , that fo long as he a- 
 <Sed by his own Counfels , and was perfonally prefent 
 at the execution of his Defigns , he was always pro- 
 fperous in his Succels. And although he had fo great 
 an Army, as aforementioned, yet by his wife and 
 prudent Condudt , there appear’d no vifible fign of de- 
 valuation in any of the Countreys v/here he marched* 
 for firlt, he fetled a conftant Rule for the Regular le- 
 vy of money for the convenient Maintenance of the 
 Soldiery. Next , he conllituted feich Officers of his 
 Army , that mo ft of them were known to be Gentle- 
 men of large and fair Eftates , which drew a good part 
 of their private Revenues , to ferve and fupport them 
 in their publick Employments; wherein my Lord did 
 lead them the way by his own good Example. 
 
 To which may be added his wildom in ordering the 
 Government of the Church, for the advancement of the 
 Orthodox Religion, and luppreffion of Fa&ions; as 
 alfo in Coyning, Printing , Knighting , and the like* 
 
 M m which 
 
The Life of W illia m 
 
 Book III. 
 
 which he ufed with great difcretion and prudence, one- 
 ly for the Intereft of His Majefty, and the benefit of 
 the Kingdom , as formerly has been mentioned. 
 
 The Prudent mannage of his private and dome- 
 flick affairs, appears fufficiently : i. in his Marriage. 
 2. In the ordering and increafing his Eflate before the 
 Wars 3 which notwithftanding his Noble Houfe-* 
 keeping and Hofpitality, and his Generous Bounty 
 and Charity, he increafed to thevalueof 100000 f 
 5. In the ordering his Affairs in the time of Banifh- 
 ment, where although he received not the lead of his 
 own eflate, during all the time of his exile, until his 
 return,* yet maintained himfelf handfomely and no- 
 bly^ according to his Quality, as much as his Condi- 
 tion at that time would permit. 4. In reducing his tom 
 and ruined Eflate after his return, which beyond all 
 probability, himfelf hath fetled and order’d fo, that his 
 Poflerity will have reafbn gratefully to remember it. 
 
 I11 fhort ; Although my Lord naturally loves not 
 bufinefs, efpecially thofe of State, (though he under- 
 flands them as well as any body ) yet what bufinefs 
 or affairs he cannot avoid, none will do them better 
 then himfelf. His private affairs he orders without a- 
 ny noife or trouble, not over-haflily, but wifely : Nei- • 
 therishepaflionate ina&ing of bufinefs, but hears pa - 
 tiently, and orders foberly, and pierces into the heart 
 or bottom of a bufinefs at the firfl encounter ,* but be- 
 fore all things, he confiders well before he undertakes 
 
 a 
 
Book III. Duke ^Newcastle. i 
 
 a bufinefs, whether he be able to go through it or no^ 
 for he never ventures upon either publick or private bu~ 
 finefs,beyondhis ftrength. 
 
 And here I cannot forbear to mention, that my 
 Noble Lord, when he was in banidinent, prefumed 
 out of his Duty and Love to his Gracious Mafler our 
 nowSoveraign King Charles the Second, to write and 
 fend him a little Book, or rather a Letter, wherein he 
 delivered his Opinion concerning the Government of 
 his Dominions, whenfoeverGodfhould be pleaftdto 
 reflore him to his Throne, together with feme other 
 Notes and Observations of Foreign States and King- 
 doms ; but it being a private offer to His facred Maje- 
 fly, I dare not prefume to publith it. 
 
 5. Of His Blejfings . 
 
 A Lthough my Lord hath been one of the mod 
 Unfortunate Perfons of his Rank and Quality, 
 which this later age did produce ; yet Heaven hath 
 been fb propitious to him, that it beflowed fome bleft 
 fings upon him even in the midfl of his Misfortunes,and 
 Supported him againft Fortunes Malice, which other- 
 wife, as it ftems, had defigned his total ruine andde- 
 ftrudion : Of thefe Bleflings I may name in the firft 
 place, 
 
 i. The Royal Favours of His Gracious Sove- 
 
 
T he Life of W illhm Book III_ 
 
 raign’s, and the good efteern they had ot his Fidelity 
 and Loyalty; which as it was the chief of his endea- 
 vours^ fo he efteemed it above all the reft. To re- 
 peat them particularly would be too tedious, and they 
 are fufficiently apparent out of the precedent Hiftory; 
 onely this I may add, that King Charles theFirft, out 
 o£a Angular Favour to my Lord, was pleafed upon 
 his moft humble requeft, to create feveral Noble-men * 
 the Names of them, left I commit an offence, I fhall 
 not mention, by reafon moft men ufually pretend fuch 
 claimes upon the Ground of their own Merit. 
 
 2. That God was pleafed to blefs him with Wealth 
 and Power, to enable him the better for the ferviceof 
 his King and Country. 
 
 3. That he made him happy in his Marriage ; (for 
 his firft Wife was a very kind, loving and Virtuous 
 Lady ) and blefs’d him with Dutiful and Obedient 
 Children, free from Vices, Noble and Generous 
 both in ther Natures and Affions ; who did all that 
 lay in their power to fupport and relieve my Lord 
 their Father in his Banifhment, as before is men- 
 tioned. 
 
 4. The Kindnefs and Civility which my Lord re- 
 ceived from Strangers, and the Inhabitants of thofe 
 places, where he lived during the time of his Banifft- 
 ment ; for had it not been for them, he would have 
 perifhed in his extream wants ; but it pleafed God lb 
 to provide for him, that although he wanted an Eftate, 
 
Book III. Duke of Newcastle 
 
 137 
 
 yet he wanted not Credit ; and although he was ba- 
 nidied and for fa ken by his own Friends and Country- 
 men, yet he was civilly received and relieved by [dan- 
 gers, until God bids’ d him, 
 
 Laftly , With a happy return to his Native 
 Country, his dearChildren,and hisownEftate; which 
 although he found much ruined and broke, yet by 
 his Prudence and Wifdom, hath order’d as Well as 
 he could ; and I hope, and pray God to add this blef 
 ting to all the reft. That he may live long to encreale it 
 for the benefit of his Pofterity. 
 
 6. Ofh is Honour f and Dignities * * 
 
 T He Honours, Titles and Dignities which were 
 conferred upon my Lord, by King fames , King 
 Charles the Firft, and King Charles the Second, partly 
 as an encouragement for future Service, and a Reward 
 for paft, are following* 
 
 1* He was made Knight of the Bath, when he was 
 but 1 5 or 1 6 years of Age, at the Creation of Henry , 
 Prince of Wales, King fames s Eldeft Son. 
 
 * 2* King fames Created him Vifcount Mansfield, 
 
 and Baron of Bolfover * 
 
 3. King Charles the Firft eonftituted him Lord 
 Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire , and 
 
 N n 4. Lord 
 
 V 
 
1 38 
 
 Book III. 
 
 The Life of W illiam 
 
 4. Lord W arden of the Forreft of Sherwood ; as 
 al To 3 
 
 5. Lord Lieutenant of Derby-jhire . 
 
 6. He chole him Governour to His Son Charles , 
 our now gracious King • and 
 
 7. Made him one of his Honourable Privy 
 Council. 
 
 8. . He conftituted him Governour of the Town 
 and County of Newcaflle , and General of all His 
 Majelties Forces railed ^ and to be railed in the Nor- 
 thern parts of England ; as allb of theleveralCoun- 
 ties of Nottingham, Lincoln, Rutland, Derby , Stafford, 
 Leicefler , Warwicf > Northampton , Huntington, Cam- 
 bridg, ISJorfolI^, Sujfex,Eflex and Hereford , together 
 with all the Appurtenances belonging to fo great a 
 Power , as is formerly declared. 
 
 9. He conferr’d upon him the Honour and Title 
 of Earl of Newcaflle , and Baron of Boihal and 
 Heffile. 
 
 10. He created him Marquels of Newcaflle . 
 
 11. His Majelly King CHARLES the Se- 
 cond 3 was plea led 3 when my Lord was in banilh- 
 merits to make him Knight- of the molt Noble Or> ' 
 der of the Garter; And 
 
 ' 12. After his Return into England, Chief Ju- 
 
 ftice in Eyre Trent-North . 
 
 1 3. He created him Duke of Newcaflle , and Earl 
 of Ogle. 
 
Book III. 
 
 Duke ^Newcastle. 
 
 J 39 
 
 7. Of the Entertainments He made for King 
 * CHARLES theFirf . 
 
 T Hough my Lord hath alwayes been free and 
 noble in his Entertainments and Feaftings yet 
 he was pleafed to fliew his great Affe&ion and Duty 
 to his Gracious King ^ Charles the Firft ^ and Her 
 Majefty the Queen y in lome particular Entertain- 
 ments which he made of purpofe for them before 
 the late Warrs. * 
 
 When His Majefty was going into Scotland to be 
 Crowned 3 he took His way through Nottingham > 
 fhire ; and lying at JKorh^fo^ Mannor y hardly 
 two miles diftant from Welhec^ where my Lord 
 then was, my Lord invited His Majefty thither to 
 a Dinner , which he was gracioufly pleafed to accept 
 of : This Entertainment coft my Lord between 
 Four and Five thoufand pounds j which His Maje- 
 fty liked lb well, that a year after His Return out 
 of Scotland , He was pleafed to lend my Lord word* 
 That Her. Majefty the Queen was relblved to make 
 a Progrels into the Northern parts , defiring him to 
 prepare the like Entertainment for Her, as he had 
 formerly done for Him : Which My Lord did, and 
 endeavour’d for it with all polfible Care and Indu- 
 duftry 3 /paring nothing that might add Iplendor to 
 that Feaft, which both Their Majefties Were pleafed 
 
 to 
 
140 
 
 The Life of W illiam 
 
 Book III 
 
 to honour with their Prefence : Ben Johnfon he em- 
 ployed in fitting filch Scenes and Speeches as he could 
 bcft devife; and fent for all the Gentry of the Coun- 
 try to come and wait on their Majeffies; and in 
 Aborts did all that ever he could imagine , to render 
 it Great 3 and worthy Their Royal Acceptance. 
 
 This Entertainment he made at Balfover- Caftle in 
 Derhyfhire 3 fome five miles diftant from Welhec 
 and refigned Welbec\ for Their Majefties Lodging ; 
 it cofthim in all between Fourteen and Fifteen thou- 
 fand pounds. 
 
 Befides thefe two y there was another fmall Enter- 
 tainment which my Lord prepared for His late Ma- 
 jefty y in his own Park at Welbecl ^ when His Ma je- 
 fty came down , with his two Nephews, the now 
 Prince Eleftor Palatine , and His Brother Prince Ru- 
 fert, into the Forreft of Sherwood ; which cofi: him 
 Fifteen hundred pounds. 
 
 And this I mention not out of a vain-glory, but 
 to declare the great love and Duty, my Lord had for 
 His Gracious King and Queen , and to correct the 
 miftakes committed by fome Hiftorians, who not 
 being rightly informed of thole Entertainments, make 
 the World believe Fallhood for Truth. But as I 
 faid , they were made before the Warrs , when my 
 Lord had the pollediou of a great Eftate, and want- 
 ed nothing to exprels his Love and Duty to hisSo- 
 veraign in that planner ; whereas now he lbould be 
 
 much 
 
Book III. 
 
 Duke (^Newcastle. 
 
 much to leek to do the like., his Eftate being lb much 
 ruined by the late Civil W ars, that neither himfelf nor 
 his Pofterity will be able fb fbon to recover it. 
 
 8. His Education . 
 
 H is Education was according to his Birth ; for 
 as he was born a Gentleman^ fohe was bred like 
 a Gentleman. To School-Learning he never fhew’d 
 a great inclination; for though he was lent to the II- 
 niverfity ., and was a Student of St. Johns Colledg in 
 Cambridge and had his Tutors to inflrud: him; yet 
 they could not perfwade him to read or ftudy much, 
 he taking more delight in fports^ then in learning ; fo 
 that his Father being a wife man^ and feeing that his 
 Son had a good natural Wi t; and was of a very good 
 Difpofition., fuffer’d him to follow his own Genius ; 
 whereas his other Son Charles , in whom he found a 
 greater love and inclination to Learnings he encou- 
 raged as much that way 3 as poflibly he could. 
 
 One time it hapned that a young Gentleman., one 
 of my Lord’s Relations^had bought fbme Land., at the 
 fame time when my Lord had bought a Singing-Boy 
 for 50 1 . aHorfefor 50 1 . and a Dog for 2 1 . which 
 humour his Father Sir Charles liked fb well., that he was 
 pleafed to fay /That if he fhould find his Son to be lb co- 
 vetous^that he would buy Land before he was 20 years 
 
 O o of 
 
142 
 
 The Life of W illia m 
 
 Book III. 
 
 of Age, he would difinherit him. But above all 
 the reft, my Lord had a great inclination to the 
 Art of Horlemanfhip and Weapons, in which later, 
 his Father Sir Charles , being a moft ingenuous and un- 
 parallelled Mafter of that Age, was his onely Tutor, 
 and kept him allb leveral Matters in the Art of Horle- 
 manfhip, and lent him to the Mewfe to Monf An- 
 toine, who was then accounted the beft Mafter in that 
 Art. But my Lord’s delight in thole Heroick Exer- 
 ciles was luch , that he loon became Mafter thereof 
 Himlelf, which encrealed much his Father’s hopes of 
 his future perfections, who being himfelf a perlon of a 
 Noble and Heroick nature, was extreamly well pleafed 
 to oblerve his Son take delight in fuch Arts and Exer- 
 ciles as were' proper and fit for a perlon of Quality. 
 
 c). Hit Natural Wit and ZJnderjlanding. 
 
 ! A L though' my Lord has not lo much of Scholar- 
 
 jTjLfhip and Learning as his Brother Sir Charles Ca- 
 
 vendijh had, yet he hath an excellent Natural Wit 
 
 and Judgment, and dives into the bottom of every 
 
 thing ; as it is evidently apparent in the forementio- 
 
 ned Art of Horlemanfhip and Weapons, which by 
 
 his own ingenuity he has reformed and brought to fuch 
 
 perfedion,as never any one has done heretofore : And 
 
 though he is no Mathematician by Art, yet he hath a 
 
 very 
 
H3 
 
 Booklll. Duke (/'Newcastle, 
 
 4 — * 
 
 very good Mathematical brainy to demonfirate Truth 
 by natural reafon, and is both a good Natural and 
 Moral Philofbpher , not by reading Philofophical 
 Books, but by his own Natural Undemanding and 
 Obfervation, by which he hath found out many 
 Truths. 
 
 To pals by feveral other inftances, He butmention, 
 that when my Lord was at Paris , in his Exile, it hap- 
 pen’d onetime, that he difcourfing with fomeofhis 
 Friends, amongft whom was alfo that Learned Philo- 
 fbpher Hobbes , they began amongft the reft, to argue 
 upon this fubjed , namely. Whether it were yojjible to 
 mafe Man by Art fly as Birds do * and when forne of the 
 Company had delivered their Opinion, vi^. That 
 they thought it probable to be done by the help of Ar- 
 tificial Wings : My Lord declared, that he deemed 
 it altogether impoffible, and demonftrared it by this 
 following Reafon : Man’s Armes, laid he, are not 
 let on his (boulders in the lame manner as Bird’s wings 
 are ; for that part of the Arm which joins to the Shoul- 
 der, is in Man placed inward, as towards the bread:, 
 but in Birds outward, as toward the back ; which 
 difference and contrary pofition or fhape, hinders that 
 man cannot have the fame fly ing-adion with his Armes, 
 as Birds have with their Wings ; Which Argument 
 Mr. Hobbes liked fb well, that he was pleafed to make 
 ute of it in one of his Books called Leviathan , if I re- 
 member well. 
 
 i 
 
 Some 
 
H4- 
 
 1 he Life of William Book III t 
 
 Some other time they falling into a Difcourfe 
 concerning Witches, Mr. Hobbes jfaid , That though 
 he could not rationally believe there were Witches, 
 yet he could not be fully fatisfied to believe there 
 were none, by reafon they would themfelves con- 
 fefs it, if ftridly examined. 
 
 To which my Lord anfwer’d , That though for 
 his part he cared not whether there were W itches or 
 no ; yet his Opinion was , That the Confeffion of 
 Witches, and their fuffering for it, proceeded from 
 an Erroneous Belief, visf. That they had made a 
 Contrad with the Devil to ferve him for fuch Re- 
 wards as were in his Power to give them; and that 
 it was their Religion to worfliip and adore him; in 
 which Religion they had fuch a firm and conftant 
 belief, that if any thing came to pafs according to 
 their defire, they believed the Devil had heard their 
 prayers , and granted their requefts , for which they 
 gave him thanks; but if things fell out contrary to 
 their prayers and defires, then they were troubled 
 at it , fearing they had offended him , or not ferv- 
 ed him as they ought , and asked him forgivenefs for 
 their offences. Alfb (faid my Lord) they imagine that 
 their Dreams are real exterior adions ; for example, if 
 they dream they flye in the Air, or out of the 
 Chimney top , or that they are turned into feve- 
 jral fhapes, they believe no otherwife , but that it is 
 really fb : And this wicked Opinion makes them 
 
 in- 
 
Book III. 
 
 Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 ioduftrious to perform fuch Ceremonies to the De- 
 vi] ^ that they adore and worfhip him as their God^ 
 and chufe to live and dye for him. 
 
 Thus my Lord declared himfelf concerning Wit- 
 ches , which Mr. Hobbes was alfo pleafod to infert in 
 his fore-mentioned Book : But yet my Lord doth 
 not count this Opinion of his fo univerfal, as if 
 there were none but imaginary W itches ; for he doth 
 not fpeak hut of fuch a fort of W itches as make it 
 their Religion to Worfhip the Devil in the manner a- 
 forefaid. Nor doth he think it a Crime to entertain 
 what Opinion ftems moll probable to hirrg in things 
 indifferent; for in fuch cafes men may difcourfeand 
 argue as- they pleafc^ to exercife their Wit, and 
 may change and alter their Opinions upon more 
 probable Grounds andReafons; whereas in Funda- 
 mental matters both of Church and State, he is fo 
 ftrid: an Adherent to them , that he will never main- 
 tain or defend fuch Opinions which are in the leaft 
 prejudicial to either. 
 
 One proof more Fie add to confirm his Natural 
 Underftanding and Judgment, which was upon 
 fbme Difcourfe I held with him one time, concerning 
 that famous Chymift Van Helmont , who in his Wri- 
 tings is very inve&ive againft the School-men, and 
 amongft the reft , accufes them for taking the Radi- 
 cal moifture for the fat of Animal Bodies. Where- 
 upon my Lord anfwefd , That futely the School- 
 
 P p ' men 
 
The Life of W i l l i a m 
 
 Book III 
 
 men were too wife to commit fuch an Error ; for 
 faid he, the Radical moifture is not the fat or 
 tallow of an Animal , but an Oily and Balfamous 
 Subftance; for the fat and tallow , as alfo the watery 
 parts , are cold ; whereas the Oily and Bahamous 
 parts , have at all times a lively heat; which makes 
 that thofe Creatures which have much of that Oyle 
 or Balfom , are longdiv’d , and appear young ; and 
 not onely Animals , but alfo Vegetables, which 
 have much of that Oyle or Balfom , as Ivy, Bayes, 
 Laurel , Holly , and the like , live long , and appear 
 frefh and green, not onely in Winter, but when 
 they are old. Then I ask’d my Lords Opinion con- 
 cerning the Radical heat : To which he anfwer'd. 
 That the Radical heat lived in the Radical moifture; 
 and when the one decayed , the other decayed alfo; and 
 then was produced either an unnatural heat,which cau- 
 fed an unnatural drynefs ; or an unnatural moifture, 
 which caufedDropfies, and thefe, an unnatural cold- 
 nefs. 
 
 Laftly; His Natural Wit appears by his delight 
 in Poetry; for I may juftly call him the beft Lyrk\ 
 and Dramatic ^ Poet of this Age : His Comedies do 
 fufficiently ftiew his great Obfervation and judgment, 
 for they arecompofed of thefe three Ingredients,^. 
 Wit, Humour and Satyr e ; and his chief Defign in 
 them , is to divulge and laugh at the follies of Man- 
 kina ; to perlecute Vice , and to encourage Virtue. 
 
Book III. Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 M7 
 
 io. Of his Natural Humour and Difpofition 0 
 
 M Y Lord may juftly be compared to Titus the 
 Delici# of Mankind , by reafon of his fweet 5 
 gentle and obliging Nature ; for though his W it 
 dom and Experience found it impoflible to pleafe all 
 men, becaufeof their different humours anddifpofi- 
 tions ; yet his Nature is fuch , that he will be lorry 
 when he feeth that men are difpleafed with him out 
 of their own ill Natures , without any caufe; for he 
 loves all that are his Friends, and hates none that are 
 his Enemies : He is a Loyal Subjed, a kind Husband, 
 a Loving Father , a Generous Mafter, andaConftant 
 Friend. 
 
 His natural Love to his Parents has been fo great, 
 that I have heard him fay , he would moft willing- 
 ly, and without the left repining, have begg’d for 
 his daily relief , fo God would but have let his Pa- 
 rents live. 
 
 He is true and juft both in his words andadions, 
 and has no mean or petty Defigns, but they are all 
 juft and honeft. 
 
 He condemns not upon Report , but upon Proof; 
 nor judges by Words, but Adions ; he forgets not 
 paft Service, for prefent Advantage ; but gives a pre- 
 lent Reward to a prefent Defert. 
 
 He hath a great Power over his Paffions, and hath 
 had the greateft tryals thereof,* for certainly Hemuft 
 
1 48 The Life of W illiam Book III. 
 
 of neceflity have a great Ibare of Patience, that can 
 forgive lb-many falfe, treacherous, malicious and un- 
 grateful Perlbns as he hath done ; but he is fb wile, that 
 his Paffion never out-runs his Patience, nor his Ex- 
 travagancies his Prudence ; and although his Private 
 Enemies have been numerous, yet I verily believe, 
 there is never a fubjed more generally beloved then 
 He is. 
 
 He hates Pride and loves Humility ; is civil to Stran- 
 gers, kind to his Acquaintance, and refpedful to all 
 perlbns, according to their Quality ; He never re- 
 gards Place, except it be for Ceremony : To the 
 
 meaneft perlon he’ll put off' his Hat, and luffer every 
 body to Ipeak to him. 
 
 He never refufes any Petition, but accepts them ; 
 and being informed of thebufinels, willgivea;uft,and 
 as much as lies in him, a favourable anfwer to the Peti- 
 tioning Party. 
 
 He eafily Pardons, and bountifully Rewards ; and 
 always praifes particular mens Virtues, but covers 
 their Faults with filence. 
 
 He is full of Charity and Compaffion to perlbns 
 that are in mifery, and full of Clemency and Mercy ; 
 in fo much, that when he was General of a great Ar- 
 my, he would never fit in Council himfelf uponCau- 
 fes of Life and Death, but granted Pardon to many 
 Delinquents that were condemned by his Council of 
 War ; lb that lome were forced to Petition him not 
 / - to 
 
Book III. 
 
 Duke of N e wc as tle. 
 
 to do it, by realbn it was an ill prefident for others. 
 To which my Lord merrily anfwer’d , That if 
 they did hang all , they would leave him none to 
 fight. 
 
 His Courage he always Ihew’d in Adion, more then 
 in W ords, for he would Fight^ but not R ant. 
 
 He is not Vain-glorious to heighten or brag of his 
 Heroick Adions ; Witnefs that great Vidory upon 
 Atherton-moor , after which he would not fuffer his 
 Trumpets to founds but came quietly and filently in- 
 to the City o (Torf^ 3 for which he would certainly have 
 been blamed by thofe that make a great noife upon 
 fmallcaufes, and love to be applauded, though their 
 adions little deferve it. 
 
 His noble Bounty and Generofity is lb manifeft to 
 all the W orld, that I fhould light a Candleto the Sun, 
 if I fhould drive toilluftrate it ; for he has no felf-de- 
 figns or felf-intereft, but will rather wrong and injure 
 himfelf then others. To give you but one proof of 
 thisnoble Vertue, it is known, that where he hath a 
 legal right to Felons Goods, as he hath in a great part 
 of his Eftate, yet he never took or exaded more then 
 fome inconfiderable lhare for acknowledgment of his 
 Right ; faying, That he was refblved never to grow 
 rich by other mens misfortunes. 
 
 In fhort, I know him not addided to any manner 
 of Vice, except that he has been a great lover and ad- 
 mirer of the Female Sex j which whether it be fb great 
 
 CL q a 
 
Book II J. 
 
 1 50 The Life of W 1 l l i a m 
 
 a crime as to condemn him for it ; I’le leave to the 
 judgment of young Gallants and beautiful La- 
 dies. 
 
 (ii. Of His outward Shape and Idehaviour. 
 
 H is Shape is neat, and exadtly proportioned ; his 
 Stature of a middle fize, and his Complexion 
 fanguine. 
 
 His Behaviour is liich, that it might be a Pattern 
 for all Gentlemen ; for it is Courtly, Civile eafieand 
 free, without Formality or Conftraint; and yet hath 
 fomethingin it of grandure,that caufes an awful relpeft 
 towards him. 
 
 12. Of His Difcourfe . 
 
 H is Difcourfe is as free and unconcerned, as his Be- 
 haviour, Plealant Witty, and InftrucSive; 
 He is quick in Reparties or fudden anfwers, and hates 
 dubious dilputes , and premeditated Speeches. He 
 loves alfc) to intermingle his Difcourfe with feme 
 fhort plealant ftories, and witty layings, and always 
 names the Author from whom he hath them ; for he 
 hates to make another man’s Wit his own. 
 
 l 3- Of 
 
Book III 
 
 Duke ^Newcastle. 15 i 
 
 15. Of His HABIT \ 
 
 H E accouters his Perfon according to the Faflhi- 
 on , if it be one that is not troublefome and 
 uneafie for men of Heroick Exerdfes and Adions. 
 He is neat and cleanly ; which makes him to be fome- 
 what long in drefiing, though not fo long as many 
 effeminate perfons are. He fhifts ordinarily once a 
 day, and every time when he ufes Exercife, or his 
 temper is more hot then ordinary. 
 
 14. Of His DIET 
 
 I N his Diet he is fb (paring and temperate , that he 
 never eats nor drinks beyond his fet proportion^ 
 fo as to fatisfie onely his natural appetite :He makes but 
 one Meal a day , at which he drinks two good Glafi 
 fes of Small-Beer , one about the beginning, the other 
 at the end thereof, and a little Glafs of Sack in the 
 middle of his Dinner ; which Glafs of Sack he alfo 
 ufes in the morning for his Breakfaft , with a Morfel 
 of Bread. His Supper confifts of an Egg, and a 
 draught of Small-beer. And by this Temperance 
 he finds himfelf very healthful, and may yet live ma- 
 ny 
 
152 The -Life of William Book III. 
 
 ny years , he being now of the Age of Seventy 
 three, which I pray God from my foul, to grant him. 
 
 1 5. His Recreation and Sxercife . 
 
 H IS prime Paftime and Recreation hath always 
 been the Exercife of Mann^ge and Weapons; 
 which Heroick Arts he ufed to praCtife every day; 
 but I obferving that when he had over-heated him- 
 felf , he would be apt to take cold , prevail’d fo far, 
 that at laft he left the frequent ufe of the Mannage, 
 ufing neverthelels ftill the Exercife of Weapons ; 
 and though he doth not ride himfelf fo frequently as 
 he hath done; yet he takes delight in feeing his Hor- 
 fes of Mannage rid by his Efeuyers , whom he in- 
 ftru&s in that Art for his own pleafure. But in the 
 Art of Weapons (in which he has a method beyond 
 all that ever were famous in it, found out by his 
 own Ingenuity and Practice) he never taught any 
 body, but the now Duke of Buckingham , whofe 
 Guardian Pie hath been, and his own two Sons. 
 
 The reft of his time he tpends in Mufick , Poe- 
 try, Architecture and the like. 
 
 •> ■ - ArA ' A hr: 
 
 16 . His 
 
) 
 
 Book III. D U K E of N eW C a S r L E. 1^ 
 
 1 6. Of His Pedigree . | 
 
 e Aving made promife in the beginning of the firft 
 Boo^ that I would Join a more large Defeip- 
 tionof the Pedigree of my Noble Lord and Husband,, 
 to the end of the Hiftory of his life : I ihall now dift 
 charge my felfj and though I could derive it from a 
 longer time., and reckon up a great many of his Ance- 
 ftors, even from the time of William the Conqueror, 
 He being defended from the moft ancient family of 
 the Ojernouns , as Cambden relates in his Britannia , in 
 the Defaiption of Derbyfhire • yet it being a work fit- 
 ter for Heralds, I ihall proceed no further then his 
 Grandfather, and fliew you onely thofe noble Fami- 
 lies which my Lord is allied to by his Birth. 
 
 My Lord s Grandfather,by his Father,(as is formerly 
 mentioned) was Sft William Cavendijh , Privy-Coun- 
 fellor and Treafurer bf the Chamber to King Henry the 
 Eighth, Edward the Sixth, and Queen Mary * who 
 married two Wives ; bjrfhe firft he had onely tw6 
 Daughters ; but by the feond, Elizabeth, who was my 
 Lords Grandmother, he had three Sons and four 
 Daughters, whereof one Daughter died young. She 
 was Daughter to John Hardwicl ^ of Hardwic in the 
 County of Derby JLfq; and had four H usbands : The 
 firft was — Barlow Elq; who died before they were 
 bedded together, they being both very young. The 
 
 R r feond 
 
7 he Life of W illiam 
 
 Book III 
 
 fecondwas Sir William Cavendifh, my Lord’s Grand- 
 father, who being fomewhat in years, married her 
 chiefly for her beauty ; (lie had fomuch power in his 
 affe&ion, that fhe perfwaded him to fell his Eftate which 
 he had in the Southern parts of England (for he was 
 very rich) and buy an Eftate in the Northern parts, 
 viy. in Derbyjhire, and thereabout, where her own 
 friends and kindred liv’d, which he did ; and having 
 there fetled himfelf, upon her further perfwafion, built 
 a Mannor-houfe in the fame County, call’d Chattef 
 worth , which, as I have heard, coft firft and laft a- 
 bove 80000 1 . fierling. But before this Houfe was 
 finifh’d, he died, and left fix Children , vi^ three 
 Sons and three Daughters, which before they came to 
 be marriageable , fhe married a third Husband , Sir 
 William S c Loo Captain of the Guard to Queen Eliza- 
 beth , and Grand Butler of England ; who dying with- 
 out ETue, (he married a fourth Husband, George Earl 
 of Shrewsbury , by whom fhe left no Iflue. 
 
 The Children which fhe had by her fecond Hufi 
 band. Sir William Cavendifh, being grown marriage- 
 able 5 the eldeftSon Henry, married Grace the young- 
 eft Daughter of his Father in Law, the laid George 
 Earl of Shrewsbury , which he had by his former Wife 
 Gertrude , Daughter of Thomas Manners , Earl of Rut- 
 land, but died without Iffue. 
 
 The fecond Son William, after Earl of Devonfiire, 
 had two W ives ; the firft was an Heirefs, by whom he 
 
 had 
 
Book III. D\1 K E of 'N EWCASTLE. 
 
 bad Children, but all died 'lave one Son, whole name 
 was aSfo William , Earl of Devonjhire : His fecond 
 Wife was Widdow to Sir Edward Wortly, who had 
 feveral Children by her firft Husband , and but one 
 Son by the laid Will. Cavendijh , after Earl of DC 
 vonjhire , who dyed young. 
 
 His Son by his firft Wife, (William Earl of De- 
 vonjhire ) married Chrijiian^ Daughter of Edward 
 Lord Bruce, a Scots- man, by whom he had two Sons, 
 and one Daughter; the Eldeft Son William , now 
 Earl df Devonjhire , married Elizabeth , the fecond 
 Daughter of William Earl of Salisbury., by whom he 
 has three children, Two Sons and one Daugh- 
 ter, whereof the Eldeft Son William is married to the 
 fecond Daughter of James now Duke of Ormond; 
 the fecond Son Charles is yet a youth* The Daugh- 
 ter Anne married the Lord Bach , the onely Son and 
 Child to Charles now Earl of Warwick^ but he dyed 
 without Iflue. * 
 
 The fecond Son of William Earl of Devonjhire , 
 and Brother to the now Earl of Devonjhire , was 
 unfortunately flain in the late Civil Warrs, as is be- 
 fore mentioned. 
 
 The Daughter of the laid William Earl of De~ 
 vonjhire , Sifter to the now Earl of Devonjhire, mar* 
 tied Robert Lord Rich, Eldeft Son to Robert Earl 
 of Warwick, by whom fhe had but one Son, who 
 married , but dyed without Iflue, 
 
 The 
 
I 
 
 % The Life of W illiam Book III. 
 
 The third and youngeft Son of Sir William Ca - 
 vendifb., Charles Cavendifh § ( my Lord’s Father) had 
 two Wives ; the firft was Daughter and Coheir to 
 Sir Thomas Kidfon , who dyed a year after her Mar- 
 riage, without iffue : The fecond was the younger 
 
 Daughter of Cuthbert Lord Ogle , and after her El- 
 der and onely Sifter Jane, Wife to Edward Earl of 
 Shrewsbury , who dyed without Iffue y became Heir 
 to her Father’s Eftate and Title; by whom he had 
 three Sons ; whereof the eldeft dyed in his Infancy ; 
 the fee ond was William , my dear Lord and Hus- 
 band; the third ^ Charles , who dyed a Batchelour 
 about the age of Sixty three. 
 
 My Lord hath had two Wives; the firft was E- 
 li^abeth , Daughter and Heir to William Bajfet of 
 Bloore , in the County of Stafford, Efq; and Widow 
 to Henry Howard, younger Son to Thomas Earl 
 of Suffolk by whom he had ten Children 3 vis*. Five-rf 
 Sons 3 and fkfe^Daughters ; whereof five., vi^. -three--/ 
 Sons., and *twe Daughter # y dyed young; the reft^ 
 vi%. Two Sons and three Daughters , came to be 
 married. 
 
 His Elder Son , Charles, Vifeount of Mansfield, 
 married the Eldeft Daughter and Heir of Mr. Ri - 
 chard Rogers , by whom he had but one Daughter, 
 who dyed foon after her birth ; and he dyed alfo with- 
 out any other Iflue. 
 
 His fecond Son Henry, now Earl of Ogle, mar- 
 ried 
 
Book III. 
 
 Duke of N £ WC A S T L E. 
 
 ried Francis the eldeft Daughter of Mr. William Fier- 
 repont , by whom he hath had three Son s, and four 
 Daughters ; two Sons were born before their natural 
 time ; the third, Henry Lord Mansfield is alive: 
 The four Daughters are, the Lady Elizabeth, Lady 
 Frances , Lady Margaret, and Lady Catharine. 
 
 My Lords three Daughters were thus married ; The 
 eldeft, Lady Jane, married Charles. Cheiney, Efq; de- 
 fended of a very noble and ancient Family; by whom 
 fhe hath one Son and two Daughters,, The feond. 
 Lady Elizabeth, married John now Earl of Bridg- 
 water, then Lord BracJJy, and eldeft Son to John 
 then Earl of Bridgwater ; who died in Childbed, and 
 left five Sons, and one Daughter, whereof the eldeft 
 Son John Lord Bracfjy, married the Lady Elizabeth, 
 onely Daughter and Child to James then Earl of Mid- 
 dlefiex. 
 
 My Lords third Daughter , the Lady Frances , 
 married Oliver Earl of Bulhngbrooi and hath had no 
 Child yet. 
 
 After the death of my Lords firft Wife, who died 
 the ijth of April, in the Year 1643, he married me, 
 Margaret , Daughter to Thomas Lucas of St. Johns 
 near Colchefier, in Efiex, Efquire; but hath no Iffue 
 by me. 
 
 And this is the Pofterity of the three Sons of Sir 
 William Cavendijh, my Lords Grandfather by his Fa- 
 thers fide ; The three Daughters were difpofed of as 
 followeth: S f 
 
158 
 
 The Life of W 1 l l 1 a m 
 
 Book III, 
 
 The eldeft, Frances Cavendifh, married Sir Henry 
 Pierrepont of Holm Pierrepont, in the County of Not' 
 iingham , by whom (he had two Sons , whereof the 
 firft died young * The fecond, Robert , after Earl of 
 Kingfon upon Hz^,married Gertrude . the eldeft Daugh- 
 ter^ and Co-heir to Henry Talbot , fourth Son to George 
 Earl of Shrewsbury, by whom he had five Sons and 
 three Daughters, whereof the eldeft Son, Henry, now 
 Marquefs of Dorchefter , hath had two Wives; the 
 firft Cecilia, Eldeft Daughter to the Lord Vifcount 
 Bayning, by whom he had feveral Children, of which 
 there are living onely two Daughters ; the eldeft Anne, 
 who married John Roffe, onely Son to John now Earl 
 of Rutland ; the fecond, Grace , who is unmarried. His 
 fecond Wife was Catharine, fecond Daughter to James 
 Earl of Derby, by whom he has no Iffue living. 
 
 The fecond Son of the Earl of Kfngjlon, William, 
 married the Idle Daughter and Heir of Sir Thomas 
 Harries, by whom he had Due five Sons, and five 
 Daughters, whereof two Sons and two Daugters di- 
 ed unmarried : The other fix are, 
 
 Robert the Eldeft , who married Elizabeth, 
 Daughter and Co-heir to Six John Evelyne , by whom 
 he has three Sons, and one Daughter. The fecond 
 Son George, and the third Gervas, are yet unmarried. 
 
 The eldeftDaughter o£ William Pierrepont, Frances , 
 is married to my Lords now^ onely Son and Heir, 
 Henry Earl of Ogle , as before is mentioned. 
 
 The 
 
Book III. Duke oj Newcastle, 
 
 The focond, Grace , is married to Gilbert now 
 Earl of Clare, by whom he hath Ifliie, Two fons, 
 and three daughters. 
 
 The thirds Gertrude , is unmarried. 
 
 The third fon of the Earl of Ifingflon, Francis 
 Pierrepont , married Eli^abetRat he eldeft daughter of 
 Mr. Bray , by whom he had Ifliie , one fon , and 
 one daughter, the fon, Robert , married Anne the 
 daughter of Henry Murray. The daughter, Frances , 
 married William Pagatt , eldeft fon to William Lord 
 
 The fourth fon of the Earl of Kingjlon , Gervafe, 
 is unmarried. 
 
 The fifth fon , George Pierrepont, married the 
 daughter of Mr. Jonas , by whom he had two fons 
 unmarried , Henry and Samuel 
 
 The three daughters of the (aid Earl of fQiigflon, 
 are ^ Frances the eldeft,, who was married to Philip 
 Rorvlejlon ; the focond, Mary , dyed young; the thirds 
 Elizabeth, is unmarried. 
 
 The focond daughter of Sir William Cavendijb 3 
 Elizabeth, married the Earl of Lennox , Unkle to King 
 James ; by whom fhe had onely one daughter, the 
 Lady Arabella , who againft King fame's Commands 
 (fhe being after Him and His Children, the next Heir 
 to the Crown ) married William , the focond fon to 
 the Earl of Hereford; for which fhe was put into the 
 Tower, where not long after fhe dyed* 
 
 The 
 
Go 
 
 Book III 
 
 The Life of * W i l l i A M 
 
 » 
 
 The youngeft daughter Mary Cavendifh , marri- 
 ed Glbert Talbot , fecond (on to George Earl of Shrews- 
 bury * who after the deceafe of his Father 3 and his 
 elder Brother Francis , who dyed without Iflue^ be- 
 came Earl of Shrewsbury ; by whom fhe had Iflue., 
 four fonS; and three daughters ; the fbns all dyed in 
 their Infancy , but the daughters were married. 
 
 Theeldeft, Mary Talbot, married William Her- 
 bert, Earl of Fembrohg , by whom ( feme eighteen 
 years after her Marriage) fhe hadonefon^ who dy- 
 ed young. 
 
 The ftcond daughter^ Elizabeth, married Sir Hen- 
 ry Gray , after Earl of l\ent , ( the fourth Earl ot 
 England ) by whom fhe had no Iffue. 
 
 The third and youngeft daughter Aletheia , marri- 
 ed Thomas Howard Earl of Arundel , the firft Earl., 
 and Earl-Marfhal of England by whom fhe left two 
 fons 3 f ames , who died beyond the feas without Iflue; 
 and Henry , who married Sli^abeth , daughter of Efme 
 Stuart, Duke of Lennox * by whomhehadlfiue^leve- 
 ral ions y and one daughter ; whereof the eldeft fbn^ 
 Thomas, ( fince the Reftauration of King Charles the 
 Second ) was reftored to the Dignity of his Ance- 
 ftors, vis$. Duke of Norfolk, next to the Royal 
 Family^ the firft Duke of England. 
 
 And this is briefly the Pedigree of my dear Lord 
 
 and Husband ? from his Grandfather by his Fathers 
 
 fide: 
 
Book III. 
 
 Duke 0/ Newcastle. 
 
 fide; concerning his Kindred and alliances by his Mo- 
 ther, who was Katherine, Daughter to Cuthbert Lord 
 Ogle , they are fo many , that it is impoffilble for 
 me to enumerate them all^ My Lord being by his 
 Mother related to the chief of the mod ancient Fami- 
 lies of Northumberland , and other the Northern parts; 
 onely this I may mention^ that My Lord is a Peer of 
 the.Realm^ from the firffc year of King Edward the 
 Fourth his Reign, 
 
 Tt 
 
 THE 
 
The Life d/William Book I V . 
 
 THE FOURTH 
 
 BOOK: 
 
 Containing feveral 
 
 MT NOBLE LORD and HUSBAND. 
 With feme few Notes of mine own. 
 
 I have heard My Lord fay > 
 
 L 
 
 T Hat thofe which command the Wealth of a 
 Kingdom., command the hearts and hands of the 
 People. 
 
 II. 
 
 That He is a great Monarchy who hath a Soveraign 
 Command over Church., Laws and Armes ; and He a 
 wife Monarchy that imploys his feibjeds for their own 
 profit, (for their profit is his) encourages Tradefinen, 
 and affifts and defends Merchants. 
 
 III. 
 
 That it is apart of Prudence in a Commonwealth or 
 Kingdom to encourage drayners ; for drowned Lands 
 
 are 
 
Book IV. 
 
 1 63 
 
 Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 are onely fit to maintain and encreafefome wild Ducks., 
 whereas being drained, they are able to afford nou- 
 rifhment and food to Cattel, befides the producing of 
 feveral forts of Fruit and Corn. 
 
 IV. 
 
 That without a well order’d force, a Prince doth 
 but reign upon the courtefie of others. 
 
 V. 
 
 That great Princes fhould not fuffer their chief Ci- 
 ties to be ftronger then themfelves. 
 
 VI. , 
 
 That great Princes are half-armed, when their fub- 
 jeSks are unarmed , unlcfs it be in time of Foreign 
 Wars. 
 
 VII. 
 
 That that Prince is richeft, who is Mafter of the 
 Purfe; and he ftrongeft that is Mafter of the Armes ; 
 and he wifeft that can tell how to fave the one, and 
 ufe the other. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 -V 
 
 That Great Princes fhould be the onely Pay-Ma- 
 fters of their Soldiers, and pay them out of their own 
 Treafuries ; for all men follow the Purfq and fo they 1 
 have both the Civil and Martial Power in their hands. 
 
 IX. 
 
 That Great Monarchs fhould rather ftudy men, 
 then Books ; for all affairs or bufinefs are amongft 
 Men. 
 
 X, 
 
T7 e Life of W i l l i a m Book IV, 
 
 " X 
 
 That a Prince fhould advance Foreign Trade or 
 Traffick to theutmoft of his Power , becaufe no State 
 or Kingdom can be Rich without it; and where Sub- 
 jefts are poor, the Soveraign can have but little. 
 
 XL 
 
 That Trade and Traffick brings Honey to the 
 Hive; that is to lay , Riches to the Commonwealth; 
 whereas other Profeffions are fo far from that , that 
 they rather rob the Commonwealth , inftead of en- 
 riching it. 
 
 XII. 
 
 That it is not fo much unfeafonable Weather that 
 makes the Countrey complain of Scarcity, but want 
 of Commerce ; for whenfoever Commodities are 
 cheap, it is a fign that Commerce is decayed ; becaufe 
 the cheapnefe of them , fhews a fcarcity of money ; 
 lor example , put the cafe five men came to Market 
 to buy a Horfe, and each of them had no more but 
 ten pounds , the Seller can receive no more then what 
 the Buyer has , but muft content himfelf with thofe 
 ten pounds, if he be neceffitated to fell his Horfe: 
 But if each one of the Buyers had an hundred 
 pounds to lay out for a Horfe, the Seller might re- 
 ceive as much. Thus Commodities are cheap or 
 dear, according to the plenty orfearcity of money; 
 and though we had Mynes of Gold and Silver at 
 home, and no Traffick into Foreign parts, yet we 
 
 fhould 
 
Book IV. Duke of N EWCAS TLE. 165 
 
 ftiould want neceflaries from other Nations, which 
 proves that no Nation can live or fubfift well, with- 
 out Foreign Trade and Commerce; for God and 
 Nature have order’d it lb , That no particular Nati- 
 on is provided with all things. 
 
 X 1 1 L 
 
 That Merchants by carrying out more Commo- 
 dities then they bring in ; that is to fay , by felling 
 more then they buy , do enrich a State or Kingdom 
 with money, that hath none in its own bowels ; but 
 what Kingdom or State fbever hath Mynes of Gold 
 and Silver , there Merchants buy more then they fell, 
 to furnilb and accommodate it with neceffary provi- 
 fions. XIV. 
 
 That debafing , and fetting a higher value upon 
 money , is but a prefent Ihift of poor and needy 
 Princes; and doth more hurt for the future, then 
 good for the prefent. ' 
 
 XV. 
 
 That Foraign Commerce caufes frequent Voy- 
 ages; and frequent Voyages make skilful and experi- 
 enced Sea-men, and Skilful Seamen area Brazen W all 
 to an Ifland. 
 
 XVI. 
 
 That he is the Powerfulleft Monarch that hath the 
 beft fhipping ; and that a Prince fhould hinder his 
 Neighbours as much as he can, from being ftrongat 
 Sea. 
 
 II u 
 
 XVII 
 
1 66 
 
 The Life of W illia m 
 
 Book IV 
 
 XVII. 
 
 That wife States-men ought to underftand the 
 Laws, Cuftomes and Trade of the Commonwealth, 
 and have good intelligence both of Foraign Trans- 
 itions and Defigns, and of Domeftick Faitions; 
 alfo they ought to have a Treafory, and well-fur- 
 nifhed Magazine. 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 That it is a great matter in a State or Kingdom, 
 to take care of the Education of Youth, to breed 
 them fo , that they may know firft how to obey, and 
 then how to command and order affairs wifely. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 That it is great Wifdomina State, to breed and 
 train up good States-men : As, firft. To let them be 
 lome time at the llniverfities : Next, To put them 
 to the Innes of Court, that they may have fome 
 knowledg of the Laws of the Land ; then to fend 
 them to travel with fome Ambaflador , in the quali- 
 ty of Secretary, and let them be Agents or Refi- 
 dents in Foraign Countreys. Fourthly, To make 
 them Clerks of the Signet, or Council : And laftly. 
 To make them Secretaries of State, or give them 
 fome other Employment in State-Affairs. 
 
 XX. 
 
 That there ftiould be more Praying, and left 
 Preaching ; for much Preaching breeds Fa&ion * but 
 much Praying caufes Devotion. 
 
 XXI.That 
 
Book IV. 
 
 167 
 
 Duke 0^ Newcastle. 
 
 XXI. ~~ 
 
 That young people Ihould be frequently Catechi- 
 
 fed, and that Wife Men rather then Learned, fhould 
 be chofen heads of Schools and Golledge s. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 That the more divifions there are in Church and 
 State, the more trouble and confufion as apt to enfue: 
 Wherefore too many Controverfies and Diiputes in 
 the one, and too many Law-Cafes and Pleadings in 
 the other ought to be avoided and fupprefled. 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 That Diiputes and Faftions amongft States-men, 
 are fore-runners of future dilorders , if not total 
 mines. 
 
 XXIV. 
 
 > 
 
 That all Books of Controverfies fhould be writ in 
 Latin, that none but the Learned may read them, and 
 that there fhould be no Deputations but in Schools^ 
 left it breed Fa&ions amongft the V ulgar ; for Dic- 
 tations and Controverfies are a kind of Civil War, 
 maintained by the Pen, and often draw out the fword 
 loon after ; Alfo that all Prayer-Books fhould be writ 
 in the native Language ; that Excommunications 
 fhould not be too frequent for every little and petty 
 trelpafs ; that every Clergy-man fhould be kind and 
 loving to his Parifhioners , not proud and quarrel- 
 fome. 
 
 XXV . 
 
Book IV. 
 
 68 
 
 The Life of W 
 
 I L LIAM 
 
 XXV. 
 
 That Ceremony is nothing in it lelf, and yet doth 
 every thing * for without Ceremony there would be 
 no diftindion neither in Church nor State. 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 That Orders and Profeftions ought not to entrench 
 upon each other, left in time they make a confufion a- 
 mongft themfelves. 
 
 XXV IL 
 
 That in a Well-ordered State or Government, 
 care ftiould be taken left any degree orprofeflion what- 
 Ibever fwell too big, or grow too numerous, it being 
 not onely a hinderance to thole of the lame profeflion, 
 but a burden to the Commonwealth, which cannot 
 be well ifit exceeds in extreams. 
 
 XXVIII. 
 
 That the Taxes ftiould not be above the riches of 
 the Commonwealth, for that muft upon neceftity 
 breed Fadions and Civil Wars, by realon a general 
 poverty united, is far more dangerous then a private 
 Purle ; for though their W ealth be Imall, yet their 
 Unity and Combination makes them ftrong; lb that 
 being armed with neceftity, they become outragious 
 withdelpair. 
 
 XXIX. 
 
 That Heavy Taxes uponFarmes, ruine the Nobi- 
 lity and Gentry ; for if the Tenant be poor, the Land- 
 lord 
 
Book IV. Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 lord cannot be rich., he having nothing but his Rents 
 to live on. 
 
 XXX. 
 
 That it is not fb much Laws and Religion^ nor 
 Rhetorick., that keeps a State or Kingdom in. order 5 
 but Armes which if they be not imploy’d to an evil 
 ufe., keep up the right and priviledges both of Crown. 
 Church and State. 
 
 XXXI. 
 
 That no equivocations fhould be ufed either in 
 Church or Law * for the one caufes feveral Opinions 
 to the difturbance of mens Confidences ; the other 
 long and tedious Suits., to the difturbance of mens pri- 
 vate Affairs ; and both do oftentimes ruine and impo- 
 verifh the State* 
 
 XXXII. 
 
 That in Cafes of Robberies and Murthers., it is bet- 
 ter to be fevere^then merciful ; for the hanging of a few., 
 will lave the lives and Furies of many. 
 
 XXXIII. 
 
 That many Laws do rather entrap^ then help the 
 fubjed, 
 
 XXXIV. 
 
 That no Martial Law fhould be executed^ but in an 
 Army. 
 
 XXXV. 
 
 That the Sheriffs in this Kingdom of England have 
 been fo expenfive in Liveries and Entertainments in 
 
 X x the 
 
Book IV 
 
 The Life of W illiam 
 
 the time of their Sherifalty, as it hath ruined many 
 Families that had but indifferent Eftates. 
 
 XXXVI. 
 
 That the cutting down of Timber in the time of Re- 
 bellion, has bfcenan ineflimable lofs to this Kingdom, 
 by reafon of Shipping ; for though Timber might be 
 had out of Foreign Countries that would ferve for 
 the building of Ships, yet there is none of fuch a tem- 
 per as our Englijh Oak * it being not onely ftrong 
 and large , but not apt to fplint ^ which renders the 
 Ships of other Nations much inferior to ours ; and 
 that therefore it would be very beneficial for the 
 Kingdom, to fet out fbme Lands for the bearing of 
 fuch Oaks, by lowing of Acorns, and then tranf 
 planting them ; which would be like, a Store-houfe for 
 (hipping, and bring an incomparable benefit to the 
 Kingdom, fince in Shipping confifts our greateft 
 ftrength, they being the onely Walls that defend an 
 Eland. 
 
 XXXVII. 
 
 That the Nobility and Gentry in this Kingdom, 
 have done themfelves a great injury , by giving away 
 (out of a petty pride) to the Commonalty, the pow- 
 er of being juries and JufHees of Peace; for certain- 
 ly they cannot but underfland, that that muft of lie- 
 ceffity be an aft of great Confequence and Power ^ 
 which concerns mens Lives , Lands and Eftates. 
 
 XXXVIII. That 
 
Book IV. Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 J 7 
 
 - • XXXVIII. 
 
 That it is no ad of Prudence to make poor and v 
 mean perfons Governours or Commanders, either 
 by Land or Sea; by reafon their poverty caufes them 
 to take Bribes, and fo betray their Truft; at belt, 
 they are apt to extort , which is a great grievance to 
 the people; - befides, it breeds envy in the Nobility and 
 Gentry, who by that means rile into Fa&ions, and 
 came difturbances in a State or Commonwealth: 
 Wherefore the beft way is to chule Rich and Ho- 
 nourable Perfons , ( or at leaft, Gentlemen ) for fuch 
 Employments, who efteem Fame and Honourable 
 'ASions, above their Lives; and if they want skill, 
 they mull get fuch under-Officers as have more then 
 themfelves , to inftrudt them. 
 
 XXXIX. 
 
 That great Princes fhould confider , before they 
 make W ar againft Foreign Nations , whether they 
 be able to maintain it ; for if they be not able, then it is 
 better to fobmit to an honourable Peace, then to 
 make Warr to their great diladvantage ; but if they 
 be able to maintain Warr, then they*! force (in 
 "time) their Enemies tQ fobmit and yeild to what 
 Tearms and Conditions they ple^fe. 
 
 XL. 
 
 That, when a State or Government is enfoarled 
 and troubled , it is more ealie to raile the common 
 people to a Fa&ious Mutiny , then to draw them to 
 a Loyal Duty, XLLThat 
 
The Life of W i l l i a m 
 
 Book IV* 
 
 7 
 
 XLI. 
 
 That in a Kingdom where Subjeds are apt to re- 
 bel , no Offices or Commands Ihould be fold; for thole 
 that buy , will not onely ule extortion ^ and pra- 
 ftiife unjuft wayes to make out their purchafe ? but be 
 ableft to rebel 3 by r.eafon they are more for private 
 gain ^ then the publick good ; for it is probable their 
 Principles are like their Purchafes. 
 
 Buo, that all Magiftrates., Officers , Commanders^ 
 Heads and Rulers ; in what Profeffion foever^ both in 
 Church and State 3 Ihould be cholen according to 
 their Abilities, Wildom, Courage; Piety , Juftice; 
 Honefty and Loyalty; and then they ’1 mind the pub- 
 lick Good ; more then their particular Intereft. 
 
 XLII. 
 
 That thole which have Pohtick Defigns, are for the 
 moft part dilhoneft; by reafon their Defigns tend 
 more to Intereft; then Juftice. 
 
 XLIII. 
 
 That Great Princes (hould onely have Great; No- 
 ble and Rich Perfons to attend them; whole Purfts 
 and Power may al wayes be ready toallift them. 
 
 XLIV. 
 
 That a Poor Nobility is apt to be Fadious ; and 
 a Numerous Nobility is a burden to a Common- 
 wealth. 
 
 XLV. 
 
Book IV. 
 
 uke of Newcastle, 
 
 i ^7 
 
 XLV. 
 
 That in a Monarchical Government, to be for the 
 King^ is to be for the Commonwealth; for when Head 
 and Body are divided., the Life of Happinefs dies ,, 
 and the Soul of Peace is departed. 
 
 XLVI. 
 
 That^ as it is a great Error in a State to have all Af- 
 fairs put into Gazettes , (for it-over-heats the peoples 
 brains 3 and makes them negled their private 'Affairs,, 
 by over-bufying themfelves with State- bufinefsf) foit 
 is great Wifdom for a Council of State to have 
 good Intelligences ( although they be bought with 
 great Coft and Charges ) as well of Domeftick 5 as 
 Foreign Affairs and Tranfadions, and to keep them 
 in private for the benefit of the. Commonwealth. 
 
 XL VII. • 
 
 That there is no better Policy for a Prince to pleafe 
 his People 3 then to have many Holy-day es for their 
 eafe, and - order feveral Sports andr Paflimes for their 
 Recreation y and to be himfelf. fbmetime Spedator 
 thereof ; by which means he’l not onely gain love and 
 refped from the people!, but bufie their minds in 
 harmlefs adions , fweeten their Natures 5 and hinder 
 them from Fadious Defigns. 
 
 XLVIIL 
 
 That it is more difficult and dangerous for a Prince 
 or Commander toraifean Army in luch a time when 
 the Countrey is embroiled in a Civil VV arr 3 then 
 • Y y to 
 
 V>J 
 
The Life of W 
 
 I L L I A M 
 
 Book IV- 
 
 to lead out an Army to fight a Battel ; for when an 
 Army is railed^ he hath ftrength; but in raifing it, 
 
 he hath none. 
 
 XLIX. 
 
 That good Commanders 5 and experienced Soldi- 
 ers , are like skilfull Fencers., who defend with Pru- 
 dence ^ and aflault with Courage 3 and kill their Ene- 
 mies by Art , not trufting their Lives to Chance or 
 Fortune ; for as a little man with skill , may ea fily 
 kill an ignorant Giant ; • fo a finall Army that hath 
 experienced Commanders y may eafily overcome a 
 great Army that hath none. 
 
 L. 
 
 That Gallant men having no employment for He- 
 roick Aftions y become lazy y as hating any other bu- 
 finels • whereas Cowards and bale perlbns are onely a- 
 dive and ftirring in times of Peace y working ill de- ’ 
 figns to breed Fadions > and caufe difturbances in a 
 Common- wealth. 
 
 LI. 
 
 That there have been many Queftions and Dilputes 
 concerning the Governments of Princes; as, Whether 
 they ought to govern by Love, or Fear? But the 
 belt way of Government is, and has al way es been by 
 jufi: Rewards and Punifhments ; for that State which 
 cannot tell how and when topunifh and reward, does 
 not know how to govern , by reafbn all the W orld 
 is governed that way. 
 
 . LIL 
 
Book IV. 
 
 Duke ^Newcastle, 
 
 LIL 
 
 That if the ancienr Britain* had had skilly accor- 
 ding to their Courage , they might have conquer’d 
 all the World , as the Roman* did. 
 
 till. 
 
 That it would be very beneficial for great Princes 
 to be fometimes prefent in Courts of judicature^ to 
 examine the Caufes of their poor Subjects 3 and find 
 out the Extortions and Corruptions of Magiftrates 
 and Officers ; by which glorious Ad they would 
 gain much Love and Fame from the People. 
 
 * LIV. 
 
 That it would be very advantagious for Subjeds,, 
 and not in the lead prejudicial to the Soveraign 3 to 
 have a general Regider in every County y for the 
 Entry of all manner of Deeds and Conveyance of 
 Land between party and party 3 and Offices of Re- 
 cord ; for- by this means y wholbever buyes y would 
 lee clearly what Interedand Title there is in any Land 
 he intends to purchafe , whereby he fhall be affufdthat 
 the Sale made to him is good and firm 5 and prevent 
 • many Law-fuits touching the Title of his Purchafe. 
 
 LV. 
 
 That there diould be a Limitation for Law-Suits; 
 and that the longed Suit fhould not lad abotf e two 
 Tearms^ at length not above a Year ; which would 
 certainly be a great benefit' to the Subjeds in general., 
 though not to Lawyers • and though fbme Polititi- 
 
I he Life of W illiam 
 
 Book IV 
 
 vj6 
 
 ans objed,, That the more the people is bufie about 
 their private Affairs ., the lefs time have they to make 
 difturbanee in the ptiblick; yet this is but a weak Ar- 
 gument, fince Law-luits are as apt to breed Fadions., 
 as any thing elfe j for they bring people into pover- 
 ty j that they know not how to live , which muft of 
 neceffity breed difcontent^ and put them upon ill de- 
 figns. 
 
 LVL 
 
 That Power y for the moft part ? does more then 
 VVifdom ; for Fools with Power 5 feem wife; where- 
 as wile men ^ without Power , feem Fools; and this 
 is the realon that the World takes Power for WiF 
 dom ; and the want of Power for Foolifhnels. 
 
 LVII. 
 
 That a valiant man will not refule an honoura- 
 ble Duelj nor a wile man fight upon a Fools Quar- 
 rel 
 
 . LVIIL 
 
 That men are apt to find fault with each other's 
 adions ; believing they prove themfelves wile in find- 
 ing fault with their Neighbours. . 
 
 LIX. 
 
 That a wife man will draw feVeral occafions to 
 the point of his defign 3 as a Burning-Glafs doth the 
 feveral beams of the Sun. 
 
 1 . 
 
 LX 
 
Book IV. D U K E of N EWCA.S TLE, 
 
 ~ ~LX. ~ — — 
 
 That although a&ions may be prudently defigned, 
 and valiantly performed ; yet none can warrant the if 
 fue ; for Fortune is more powerful then Prudence, and 
 had Coefar not been fortunate, his Valour and Pru- 
 dence would never have gained him fo much applaufe, 
 
 LXI. 
 
 That ill Fortune, makes wife and honeft men feem 
 Fools and Kanves; but good Fortune makes Fools 
 and Knaves feem wife and honeft men. 
 
 LXII. 
 
 That ill Fortune doth oftner fucceed good, then 
 good Fortune fucceeds ill ; for thofe that have ill For- 
 tune, do not fo eafily recover it, as thofe that have 
 good Fortune are apt to lofe it. 
 
 LXIII. 
 
 That he had obferved, That feldom any perfbn did 
 laugh, but it was at the follies or misfortunes of other 
 men; by which we may ;udg of their good natures. 
 
 LXIV. 
 
 I have heard my Lord fay. That when he was in 
 Banifhment, Fie had nothing left him, but a clear Con- 
 ference, by which he had and did ftill conquer all the 
 Armies of misfortunes that ever feized upon him. 
 
 LXV. 
 
 Alfb I have heard him fay. That he was never be- 
 holding to Lady Fortune ; for he had fuffered on both 
 fides, although he never was but on one fide. 
 
 Z Z LXVL 
 
Book IV. 
 
 T he Life of Wi l LIAM 
 
 LXVL 
 
 I have heard him lay, That his Father one time/up- 
 on fome dilcourle of expences, flhould tell him, It was 
 but juft that every man fhould have his time. 
 
 LX VII. 
 
 I have heard my Lord lay, That bold loliciring 
 and intruding men,fhall gain more by their importunate 
 Petitions, then modeft honefl men fhall get by filence 
 (as being loath to offend, or be too troublefome) both 
 in the manner and matter of their requells : The reafon 
 i s, laid he, That Great Princes will rather grant fome- 
 timesan unrealonablefuit, then be tired with frequent 
 Petitions, and hindered from their ordinary Plea lures; 
 And when I asked my Lord /whether the Grants of inch 
 importunate luits were fitly and properly placed ? He 
 anlwered, Not fc well as thofe that are placed upon 
 due confederation, and upon trial and proof. 
 
 LX VIII. 
 
 I have heard my-Lordfay, That it is a great Error, 
 and weak Policy in a State, to advance their Enemies, 
 and endeavour to make them friends by bribing them 
 with Honours and Offices, laying, They are fhrewd 
 men, and may do the State much hurt : And on the 
 other fide, to negledt their Friends, and thole that have 
 done them great lervice, laying, they are Honefl: nien^ 
 and mean the State no harm : For this kind of Policy 
 comes from the Heathen,who pray’d to the Devil, and 
 not to God, by realbn they fuppoled God was Good, 
 
 r and 
 
Book IV. D u k e of Newcastle, 
 
 and would hurt no Creature.; but the Devil they 
 flatter’d and.worlhipp’d out of fear, left he fhould 
 hurt them: But by thisfoolifh Policy, laid he , they 
 moft commonly encreafe their Enemies, and lofe 
 their Friends ; for firft , it teaches men to obferve, thay 
 the onely way to Preferment, is to be againft the State 
 or Government : Next, Since all that areFadious, 
 cannot be rewarded or preferred , by reafon a State 
 hath more Subjeds, then Rewards or Preferments, 
 there mu ft of neceflity be numerous Enemies ; for 
 when their hopes of Reward fail them, they grow 
 more Fadious and Inveterate then ever they were at 
 firft : Wherefore the bell: Policy in a State or Go- 
 vernment, laid my Lord, is to reward Friends, and 
 punifh Enemies, and prefer the Honeft before the Fa- 
 dious ; and then all will be real Friends , and profer 
 their honeft fervice , either out of pure Love and 
 Loyalty, or in hopes of Advancement, feeing there 
 is none but by ferving the State. 
 
 LXIX. 
 
 I have heard him lay feveral times , That his love 
 to his gracious Mafter King Charles the Second, was 
 above the love he bore to his Wife, Children, and 
 all his Pofterity , nay to his own life : And when, 
 fince His Return into England , I anfwer’d him. That 
 I obferved His Gracious Mafter did not love him lo 
 well as he lov’d Himj he replied. That he cared not 
 whether His Majefty lov’d him again or not ; for he 
 was relolved to love him. LX X 
 
The Life of W il.liam Book IV* 
 
 LXX. 
 
 I asking* my Lord one time 3 What'kindof Fate 
 it was 3 that reftored our Gracious King 3 Charles 
 the Second , to His Throne? He anfwer’d., It was a 
 bleffed kind of Fate. I replied 3 That I had obferved 
 a perfed: contrariety between the Fortunes of His 
 R oyal Father 3 of blefled memory 3 and Him ; for 
 as there was a divifion amongft the generality of the 
 people 3 in the Reign of King Charles the Firft 3 tend- 
 ing to His Deftru&ion; fo there was a general Com- 
 bination and Agreement between them in King Charles 
 the Second His Reftauration; and as there was a ge- 
 neral malice amongft the people againft the Father to 
 Depofe Him ; fo there was a general Love for the 
 Son to Enthrone Him. My Lord anfwer’d ? I had 
 obferved fomething 3 but not all; for, laid he 3 there 
 was aNecefftty for the people to defire and Reftore 
 King Charles the Second ; but there was noNeceflity 
 to Murder King Charles the Firft. For the Kingdom 
 being through fo many Alterations and Changes of 
 Government 3 divided into feveral Fa&ions and Par- 
 ties y was at laft hurried into fitch a Confufion 3 that 
 it was impoffible in that manner to fubfift 3 or hold 
 out any longer ; Which Confufion having opened 
 the Peoples Eyes 3 the generality being tyred with the 
 evil effe&s and confluences of their unfetled Govern- 
 ments under unjuft Ufurpers 9 and frightned with the 
 apprehenfion of future dangers 3 began to call to 
 
 mind 
 
Book IV. 
 
 Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 mind the happy Times , when in an uninterrupted 
 Peace they enjoyed their own, under the happy 
 Reign of their Lawful Soveraigns ; and hereupon 
 with an unanimous content Recall'd and Reftor’d our 
 now gracious King; which, although it was oppoted 
 by fon^e Fadlious parties ^ yet the generality of the 
 people outweigh'd the reft ; neither was the Royal Par- 
 ty wanting in their endeavours. 
 
 * LXXI. 
 
 Asking my Lord one time, Whether it waseafie 
 or difficult to govern a. State or Kingdom ? He an- 
 fwer'd me , That moft States were govern'd by tecret 
 Policy , and fo with difficulty ; for thole that govern 
 are ( atleaft,ftiould be) wife then the State or Com- 
 monwealth they govern. I replied ^ That in my opi- 
 nion , a State was eafily govern’d , if their Govern- 
 ment was like unto God's; that is to fay, If Gover- 
 nours did R eward and Punifti according to the delert. 
 My Lord .anfwer'd , I laid well; but he added , the 
 Follies of the People are many times too hard for the 
 Prudence of the Governour; like as the fins of men 
 work more evil effeds in them , then the Grace of 
 God works good ; for if this were not , there would 
 be more good then bad, which, alas. Experience proves 
 otherwifa 
 
 LXXII; 
 
 Some Gentlemen making a complaint to my Lord, 
 That Ibmehe employed in His Majefty’s Affairs, were 
 
 A a a too 
 
— V~-=' 
 
 182 The Life of W il li a m Book W 
 
 too hafty and over- bufie. My Lord told then^ That 
 he would rather chufe fuch perfons for His Majefties 
 fervice as were over-adive., then fuch that would be 
 fuller of Queftions then Adions. The fame he would 
 do for his own particular affairs. 
 
 LXXIII. « 
 
 Some condemning My Lord for having Roman* 
 Catholic and Scots in hisArmyjHeanfwered them^that 
 he did not examine their Opinions* in Religion., but 
 look’d more upon their Honefty and Duty ; for cer- 
 tainly there were honeft men and loyal Subjeds a- 
 mongft Roman Catholic as well as Proteftants ; and 
 amongft Scots as well as Englijh . Neverthelefc, my 
 Lord., as he was for the King, fb he was alfo for the 
 Orthodox Church of England , as fufficiently appears 
 by the care he took in ordering the Church-Govern- 
 ment, mentioned in the Hiftory. To which purpofe, 
 when my Lord was walking one time with fome of His 
 Officers in the Church at Durham, and wonder’d at 
 thegreatnefsandftrength of the Pillars that fupported 
 that ftrudure ; My Brother^ Sir Charles Lucas, who 
 was then with him, told my Lord., that he mu ft con- 
 fe{^ thofe Pillars were very great .,and of a vaft ftrength; 
 But laid he., Your Lordfhip is afar greater Pillar of 
 theChureh then all thefe : Which certainly was alfo 
 areal truths and would have more evidently appear’d, 
 had Fortune favour’d my Lord more then fhe did. 
 
 LXXIV. My 
 
Book IV. Duke ^Newcastle, i 8 
 
 LXXIV. 
 
 My Lord being in Banifhment, I told him , that 
 he was happy in his misfortunes, for he was not fub- 
 jed to any State or Prince. To which he jeftingly an- 
 fwerd, That as he was fub jed to no Prince, fo he was 
 a Prince of no Subjeds. 
 
 LXXV. 
 
 In fo me Difcourfe which I had with my Lord com 
 cerning Princes and their Sujeds ; I declared that I had 
 obferved Great Princes were not like the Sum, which 
 fends forth out of it lelf Rays of Light, and Beams 
 of Heat ; effeds that did both glorifie the Sun, and 
 nouridi and comfort fublunary Creatures ; but their 
 glory and fplendor proceeded rather from the Cere- 
 mony which they received from their fub/eds. To 
 which my Lord anfwer’d, That Subjeds * were fb far 
 from giving fplendor to their Princes, that all the Ho- 
 nours and Titles, in which confifts the chief fplendor 
 of a fubjed, were principally derived from them * for, 
 faidhe, were there no Princes, there would be none to 
 confer Honours and Titles upon them. 
 
 LXXVL 
 
 My Lord entertaining one time fome Gentlemen 
 with a merry Difcourfe, told them, that he would not 
 keep them Company except they had done and fef- 
 ferd as much for their. King and Country as he had* 
 Theyanfwer'd, That they had not a power anfwerable 
 to my Lords. My Lord replied , They fhould do 
 
 their 
 
 * 
 
 
184 The. Life of W illiam Book IV. 
 
 their endeayour according to their Abilities : No^ faid 
 they, if we did , we fhould be likeyour Self ^ lofe all , 
 and get but little for our pains. 
 
 LXXVIL 
 
 I being much grieved that my Lord for his loyal- 
 ty and honeft Service , had fo many Enemies , ufed 
 fometim.es to {peak fome what fharply of them * but he 
 gently reproving me 5 laid , I fhould do lihg experienced 
 Sea-men 3 . and as they either turn their Sails with the wind \ 
 or tafe them down ; fo fhould I either comply with Time or 
 abate my Paffion . 
 
 LXXVIIL 
 
 A Soldiers Wife , whole Husband had been (lain 
 in my Lord’s Army , came one time to beg fome re- 
 lief of my Lord; who told her , That he was notable * 
 to relieve all that had been loyal to His Majefty ; for 
 laid he y My lofles are fo many , that if I fhould give 
 away the remainder of my Eftate , my W ife and 
 Children would have nothing to live on: She anfwer’d. 
 That His Majefty ’s Enemies were preferr’d to great 
 Honours and had much Wealth : Then it is a fign 
 ( replied my Lord ) that your Husband and I were 
 Eloneft Men. 
 
 LXXIX 
 
 A Friend of my Lord's, complaining that he had 
 done the State much Service , but received little Re- 
 ward for it ; my Lord anfwer’d him , That States did 
 not ufually reward paft Services ; but if he could do 
 
 fome 
 
Book IV. DuKEfljf Newcastle. 1S5 
 
 » • " 
 
 feme prefen t Service y he might perhaps get fomething; 
 
 but ( (aid he ) thofe men are wifeft that will be paid 
 before- hand. • 
 
 LXXX. 
 
 ;■> I dbferving that in the late Civil Warrs^ many 
 were defirous to‘ be employed in States Affairs , and 
 atthenoifeof Warr^ endeavoured to be Comman- 
 ders^though but offmall Parties^asked my Lord the rea~ 
 
 Ion thereof , and what advantage they could make by 
 their Employments ? My Lord fmilingly anfwer 
 
 That for the generality 3 he knew not what they could 
 get , but danger 3 lofs and labour for their pains. Then 
 I ask’d* him., Whether Generals of Great Armies 
 were ever enriched by their Heroick Exploits , and 
 . great Vi&ories? My Lord anfwer d., That ordinary 
 Commanders gained more 3 and were better reward- 
 ed then great Generals. To which I added 3 That I 
 had obferv’dthe lame in Hiftories., namely 9 That 
 men of great Merit and Power y had not onely no 
 Rewards y but were either found fault withall 5 or laid 
 afide when they had no more bufinefs or employment 
 for them j and that I could not conceive any reafon 
 for it y but that States were afraid of their Power: 
 
 My Lord anfwer’d 3 The reafon was 5 That it was 
 far more eafie to reward Under-Officers , then Great 
 
 Commanders. ^ 
 
 • • 
 
 • ■ '. / • • • ■ ' 
 
 Bbb LXXXI. 
 
 f 
 
1 86 The Life of William Book I VI 
 
 ~ “ — LXXXL ~~ ~ ~ 
 
 My Lord having fince the Return from his Ba- 
 nifhment, fet up a Race of Horfes , infteadpf thofe 
 he loft by the Wfttrrs , ufes often to ride through his 
 Park to fee his Breed. One time it chanced when he 
 went thorough it, that he elpied. fome labouring- 
 men fawing of Woods that were blown down by the 
 Wind, for fome particular ufes ; at which my Lord 
 turning to his Attendants, faid,Thathe had been at 
 that Work a great part of his life. They not know- 
 ing vvhat my Lord meant, but thinking he jefted ; I 
 fpeak very ferioufly, (added he) and not in jeft; for 
 you fee that this Tree which is blown down by the 
 Wind, although it was found and ftrong, yet it 
 could not withftand its force; and now it is down, it 
 mud be cut in pieces, and made ferviceable for feve- 
 ral ufes ; whereof feme will ferve for Building, fome 
 for Paling , fome for Firing, &c. In the like manner, 
 laid he, have I been cut down by the Lady Fortune; 
 and being not able to refift £> Powerful a Frinceft, I 
 have been forced to make the beft ufe of my Misfor- 
 tunes , as the Chips of my Eftate. 
 
 LXXXII. 
 
 My Lord difcpurfing one time with fome of his 
 Friends, of judging of other mens Natures, Dilpofi- 
 tions and Adions; and fomeobferving that men could 
 not poftibly know or judg of them, the events of 
 mens adions falling out oftentimes contrary to their 
 
 . . inten- 
 
Book IV. 
 
 Duke of N e w c a s t l e. 
 
 intentions ; fo that where they hit once, they fail’d 
 twenty times in their Judgments. My Lord anlwer’d 
 That his Judgment in that point feldom did mils., al- 
 though he thought it weaker then theirs : The realbn 
 is, faidhe, Becaufe I judgmoftmentobelikemyfelf; 
 that is to lay. Fools ; when as you do judg them all 
 according to your felf, that is, Wile men; andfince 
 there are more Fools in the World then Wife men, I 
 may looner guefs right then you : for though my judg- 
 ment roves at random, yet it can never mils of Errors ; 
 which yours will never do, except you can dive into 
 other mens Follies by the length of your own line, and 
 loundtheirbottom by the weight of your own Plum- 
 met, for the depth of Folly is beyond the line of 
 Wifdom. ' 
 
 Befides, laid he, You believe that other men would 
 do as you would have them, or as you would do to 
 them ; wherein you are miftaken, for moll men do 
 the contrary. . Inlhort, Folly is bottomlels, and hath 
 no end ; but W ifdom hath bounds to all her defigns i 
 other wife Ihe would never compals them. 
 
 LX XXIII. 
 
 My Lord difeourfing lome time with a Learned 
 Doctor of Divinity concerning Faith, laid. That in 
 his opinion, the wifeft way for a man, was to have as 
 little Faith as he could for this VV orld, and as much as 
 
 he could for the next World. 
 
 • . ' . . \ 
 
 LXXXIV. 
 
Book IV. 
 
 The Life of W illiam 
 
 LX XXIV* 
 
 in fdme Dilcourle with my Lord, I told him that 
 I did Ipeakfharpeft to thole I loved beft. To which 
 he ;eftingly anfwered, That if fo, then he would not 
 have me love him beft. 
 
 LXXXV. . 
 
 After my Lords return from a long Banifhment, 
 when he had been in the Countrey lorne time, and en- 
 deavoured to pickup lome Gleanings of his ruined E- 
 ftate ; it chanced that the Widow of Charles Lord 
 Mansfielf My Lords Eldeft Son, afterwards Duchefi 
 of Richmond , to whom the laid Lord of MansfieldhxoA 
 made a /oynture of 2000 1 . a Year, died not long af- 
 ter her lecond marriage; for whole deaths though My 
 Lord was heartily forry, and would willingly have 
 loft the s laid Money, had it been able to lave her life; 
 Yet difcourfing one time merrily with his Friends, was 
 pleafed to lay. That though his Earthly King and Ma- 
 iler leernd to have forgot him, yet the King of Hea- 
 ven had remembred hint* for he had given him 2000 1 . 
 a Year. 
 
 ).r, '..I ■ ' 
 
 SOME 
 
BookIV. Due e o/Newc ast le. 191 
 
 SOME FEW 
 
 v 
 
 N O TE S 
 
 OF THE 
 
 AUTHORESSE. 
 
 - ■ V _ ' V • 1 
 
 I T was far more difficult in the late Civil Wars, for 
 my Lord toraifean Army for His Ma/efties Ser- 
 vice, then it was for the Parliament to raile an Army 
 againft, His Majefty : Not onely becaule the Parlia- 
 ment were many , and my Lord but one fingle Peribn; 
 but.by reafon a Kingly or Monarchical Government 
 was then generally difliked, and moil part of the King- 
 dom proved Rebellious, and affifted the Parliament 
 either with their Furies or Perfons, or both ; when as 
 the Army which my Lord raifed for the defence and 
 maintenance of the King, and his Rights, was railed 
 mod upon his own and his Friends Intereft : For it is 
 frequently feen and known by woful Experience, that 
 rebellious and fadious Parties do more fuddenlyand 
 iinmeroufly flock together to ad a milchievousdefign, 
 
 then 
 
ip 2 The Life of W illiam Book IV. 
 
 then loyal and honeft men to affiffc or maintain a juft 
 Caufe ; and certainly ftis much to be lamented, that 
 evil men fhould be more induftrious and prolperous 
 then good, and that the Wicked fhould have a more 
 defperate Courage, then the Virtuous, an adive Va- 
 lour. 
 
 I have obferved, That many by flattering Poets, 
 have been compared to Ccefar , without defert ; but this 
 I dare freely and without flattery lay of my Lord, 
 That though he had not Ccefar s Fortune, yet he want- 
 ed not Ccefar s Courage, nor his Prudence, nor his 
 good Nature,nor his W it , Nay, in feme particulars 
 he did more then Ccefar ever did , for though Ccefar 
 had a great Army, yet he was firft fet ont by the State 
 or Senators of Rome, who were Mafters almoft of all 
 the W odd; when as my Lord railed his Army (as be- 
 fore is mentioned ) moft upon his own Intereft ( he 
 having many Friends and Kindred in the Northern 
 parts) at fuch a time when his Gracious King and So- 
 veraign was then not Mafter of his own Kingdoms, He 
 being o ver-po wer’d by his rebellious Subjefts. 
 
 * III. 
 
 ‘ 1 have oblerved. That my Noble Lord has always 
 
 had 
 
Book IV. Duke ^Newcastle, 195 
 
 had an averfion to that kind of Policy, that now is 
 commonly pra&ifed in the world , which in plain . 
 tearms is Diffembling, Flattery and Cheating, under 
 the cover of Honefty , Love and Kindnefs : But I 
 have heard him fay, that the beft Policy is to a 6t juft- 
 ly , honeftly and wifely , and to fpeak truly ; and 
 that the old Proverb is true* To be wife is to be bonefl: 
 
 For, laid he. That man of what Condition, Qua- 
 lity or Profeffion fbever, that is once found out to de - 
 ceive either in words or aftions, fhall never be trufted 
 again by wife and honeft men. But, laid he, A wife 
 man is not bound to take notice of all Diflemblers, and 
 their cheating Addons, if they do not concern him; 
 nay, even of thofehe would not always take notice, but 
 chufe his time ; for the chief part of a wife man is to 
 time bufinefs well, and to do it without Partiality and 
 Paflion. But, faid he, The folly of the world is fo 
 great, that one honeft and wife man may be over- 
 powred by many Knaves and Fools; and if io, then 
 the onely benefit of a wife man confifjs in the fatisfa- 
 dion he finds by his honeft and wife aftions, and that 
 he has done what in Confeience, Honour and Duty 
 he ought to do; and all fucceffors of fuch worthy Per- 
 fons ought to be more fatisfied in the worth and 
 merit of their Predeceffours , then in their Title and 
 Riches. 
 
 Ddd 
 
 IV. I 
 
Book IV. 
 
 The Life of Willi A M 
 
 IV. 
 
 4 - * 
 
 I have heard that fome noble Gentleman, (who was 
 fervant to His Highnefs then Prince of j Vales , our 
 now Gracious Soveraign , when my Lord was Go- 
 vern© ur) fhould relate , that whenfbever my Lord 
 by his prudent infpedion and forefight did foretell 
 what would come to pafs hereafter ; it feemed fo im- 
 probable to him, that both himfelf and fbme others 
 believed my Lotd fpoke extravagantly: But fbme few 
 years after, his predictions proved true, and the event 
 did confirm what his Prudence had obferved. 
 
 V. 
 
 I have heard, That in our late Civil Warres there 
 were many petty Skirmifhes , and Fortifications of 
 weak and inconfiderable Houles, where fbme fmall 
 Parties would be fhooting and pottering at each o- 
 ther ; an adion more proper for Bandites or Thieves, 
 then flout and valiant Soldiers ,* for I have heard my 
 Lord fay , That fuch finall Parties divide the Body of 
 an Army, and by that means weaken it ; whereas the 
 bufinefs might be much eafier decided in one or two 
 Battels , with lefs ruine both to the Country and Ar- 
 my : For I have heard my Lord fay, That as it is dan- 
 gerous to divide a Limb from the Body ;• fo it is alfb 
 , ' dan- 
 
Book IV. Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 dangerous to divide Armies or Navies in time of 
 Warr; and there are often more men loft in' fiich pet- 
 ty Skirmilhes, then in fet-Battels, by realon thol^ 
 happen almoft every day , nay every hour in leveral 
 
 Many in our late Civil- Warres , had more Title 
 then Power ; for though they were Generals , or chief 
 Commanders , yet their Forces were more like a Bri- 
 gade^ then a w r ell-formed Army, and their a&ions were 
 accordingly, not let-battels, but petty Skirmifties be- 
 tween Imall Parties ; for there were no great Battels 
 fought, but by my Lord’s Army , his being the great- 
 eft and beft- formed Army which His Ma;efty had, 
 
 VII. . 
 
 Although I have oblerved, That it is aufual Cu- 
 ftomof the World, to glorifie the prefen t Power 
 and good Fortune , and vilifie ill Fortune and low 
 conditions; yet I never heard that my Noble Lord 
 was ever negleded by the generality; but was on the 
 contrary ,• alwayes efteemed and praifed by all; 
 for he is truly an Honeft and Honourable man, and 
 one that may be relied upon both for Truft and 
 
1 cfo The Life of W il li a m Book IV 
 
 VIII. 
 
 I have oblerved, That many inftead of great A*- 
 dtions, make onely a great Noife; and like fhallow 
 Fords., or empty Bladders, found moft when there is 
 leaft in them; which exprefles a flattering Partiality, 
 rather then Honefty and Truth; for Truth and Ho- 
 nefty lye at the bottom, and have more Addon then 
 Shew. 
 
 IX. 
 
 I have obferved, That good Fortune adds Fame 
 to mean Addons, when as ill Fortune darkens the 
 iplendor of the moft meritorious; for meanPerfons 
 plyed with good Fortune, are more famous then No- 
 ble Perfons that are fhadowed or darkned with ill 
 Fortune; fo that Fortune, for the moft part, is Fames 
 Champion. 
 
 - ’ X. 
 
 • ■ 
 
 I obforve, That as it would be a grief to covetous 
 and miferable perfons, to be rewarded with Honour, 
 rather then with Wealth, becaufe they love Wealth, 
 before Honour and Fame; fo on the other fide, No- 
 ble, Heroick and Meritorious Perfons, prefer Honour 
 and Fame before Wealth; well knowing, That as In- 
 
Book IV. 
 
 1 97 
 
 Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 famy is the greateft Punilhment of unworthinefe, fo 
 Fame and Honour is thebeft Reward of worth and 
 merit. 
 
 XII. 
 
 I obferve, that Ipleen and malice, elpecially in this 
 age, is grown to that height, that none will endure 
 the praife of any body befides themfelves , nay, they! 
 rather praife the wicked then the good ; the Coward 
 rather then the V aliant ; the Miferable then the Gene- 
 rous ; the Tray tor, then the Loyal : which makes 
 Wife men meddle as little with the Affairs of the 
 world as ever they can. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 I have obferved, as well as former Ages have done. 
 That Meritorious perfons, for their noble a£Hons,moft 
 commonly get Envy and Reproach, inftead of Praife 
 and Reward ; unlefe their Fortunes be above Envy, 
 as C of ary and Elexanders were ; But had thefe two 
 Worthies been as Unfortunate as they were Fortu- 
 nate, they would have been as much vilified, as they 
 are glorified. 
 
 XIV, 
 
 I have obferved, that it is more eafie to talk, then to 
 aft; to forget, then to remember , topunifft, then to 
 
 E e e reward 
 
98 T he Life of W illiam Book IV. 
 
 reward ; and more common to prefer Flattery before 
 Truth, Intereft before Juftice, and prefen t fer vice be- 
 fore paft. 
 
 * 
 
 XV. 
 
 I have obferved, that many old Proverbs are very 
 true, and amongfl: the reft, this : It is better to he at 
 the latter end of a Feaft,then at the beginning of a Fray ; 
 for mod commonly , thole that are in the beginning of 
 a Fray, get but little of the Feaft ; and thole that have 
 undergone the greateft dangers, have lead of the 
 
 XVI. 
 
 I have oberved. That Favours of Great Princes 
 make men often thought Meritorious; whereas with- 
 out them, they would be efteemed but as ordinary Per- 
 fons. 
 
 j 
 
 XVII. 
 
 I obferve. That in other Kingdoms or Countries, to 
 be the chief Governour of a Province, is not onely 
 a place of Honour, but much Profit ; for they have a 
 great Revenue to themfelves; whereas in England, the 
 Lieutenancy of a County is barely a Title of Honour, 
 without Profit ; except it be the Lieutenancy or Go^ 
 vernment of the Kingdom of Ireland ; elpecially fince 
 the late Earl of Stafford enjoyed that dignity, who 
 
 letled 
 
Book IV. Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 99 
 
 fetled that Kingdom very wifely both for Militia 
 and Trade. 
 
 XVIIL 
 
 I have oblerved, That thofe that meddle leaft in 
 Wars, whether Civil or Foreign, are notonelymoft 
 fafe and free from danger, but moft fecure from Lolfes; 
 and though Heroick Perlons efteem Fame before Life; 
 yet many there are, that think the wifeft way is to be 
 
 a Spe&ator,rather then an A&or, unlels they be necefi 
 fitated to it ; for it is better, fey they, to fit on the 
 Stool of Quiet , then in the Chair of Troublelbme 
 Bufinefe. 
 
 > 
 

 •; , 
 
 
 
Date Due 
 
 
 
 

 
 923.242 GN536N 
 
 394315