PERKINS LIBRARY Uuke University Kare Dooks Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Duke University Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/crichton04ains riie Descent of the Column c^-i- ^j^^^l^OvW ■WITH. ILLUSTRATIONS BY K.K.BROWNy,. LONDON &-T^£WYOHK: GEORGE ROUTliDGE ScSOVS. CRI C H TON BY WILLIAM HARRISON AINSWORTH Ergo, flos juvenum, Scotias spes, Palladis ingens, lireptumque decus Musarum e dulcibus ulnis, Te, quamvis sileant alii, Critone, poetae, Teque, tuamque neceni nunquam mea Musa silebit. Abernethv Musa Campestris. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS BY HABLOT K. BROWNE AUTHOR'S COPYRIGHT EDITION LONDON GEORGE ROUTLEDGE AND SONS, Limited BROADWAY, LUDGATE HILL, E.G. PREFACE. TiiEKE is a passage in David Buchanan's memorial of Crichton, in which, alluding to tlie deadly enmity borne towards the Admirable Scot by Vincenzo dl Gonzaga, he assigns as the cause — " quod amasiam principis deperiret." This passage may be regarded as the text of tiie narrative of Sir Thomas Urquhart, and of the following Romance. To a certain extent I have pursued the course taken by the never-sufficiently- to-be-admired Knight of Cromarty, whose " Discoverle of a Jewel" is, Indeed, a jewel of a book. Urquliart's descriptions of the masque and duel at Mantua are Inimitable. So tlioroughly was tliis singular writer imbued with the spirit of Rabelais (of whom he has left an unfinished, but, so far as it goes, most exquisite translation), that la his account of the disputation in the college of Navarre, he seems to have unconsciously imitated Paniirge's controversy with Thaumast, the Englishman, while, in the " true pedigree and lineal descent of the ancient and honourable family of Urquhart,'' he appears anxious to emulate the iiii-bty genea- logical honours of the good Pantagruel. Sir Thomas, hotvever, is a joyous spirit — a right Pantagruellst ; and if he occasionally Projicit ampullas et sesquipedalia verba, he has an exuberance of wit and playfulness of fancy that amply redeems his tendency to fanfaronade. In my endeavour to illustrate the various shades of Crichton's many- coloured character, I have, perhaps, touched too lightly on its scholastt features. But feeling that adequately to exhibit one of the scenes of intellectual digladiation in which he was so frequently and so trium- phantly engaged, it would require the possession of a depth oi learning little inferior to that of the invincible disputant himself, I have elected as the safer and more suitable course to portray him as the preux cheva tier and all* accomplished gallant, rather than as the philosopher and iia- tttctitian* h PREFACE. Boccalini's " Satiric Sketch," Sir Thomas Urquhart's " Jewel," and other allusions of more accredited biographers, would justify me in giving my hero an air of gallantry, were it possible to conceive that lie who sur- passed all the aspiring spirits of tlie age in which he flourished in the feats of arts and arms (and whose aim was to excel in everything), could be behind them in their excesses, especially when those very excesses tended to advance his reputation. The manners of the time were corrupt in the extreme ; and the fascinations of the belles et honnetes dames et demoiselles of the Court of Catherine de Medicis were such as required more stoicism to withstand than the handsome Scot cared to practise. The reader may, if he chooses, speedily gather a notion of the universal profligacy of the period from the bo?is contes of Brant6me, and the dif- ferent memoirs included in the " Journal of Henri III." What I have advanced respecting Margaret de Valois is fully borne out by the Divorce Satirique, and the details of Scipio Dupleix. The majestic and terrible figure of Catherine de iMedicIs is too deeply im- pressed upon the page of history to make it necessary to advert to the sources whence I have transferred its lineaments tc niy canvas. It only now remains to speak of Vincenzo di Gonzaga, whose cause has been warmly but unsuccessfully advocated by Dr. Black. Notwith- standing his patronage of men of letters (extended towards them as nnich from ostentation as any other motive by the various Italian rulers of the time), this prince was, we learn from Muratori, exceedingly luxu- rious and profuse in his habits — " gran giocatore, grande scialacquator dal danaro, sempre involto fra il lusso, egli amori, sempre in lieti pas- Yitempi o difesti, o di balli, o di musiche, o di commedie." Sismondi, who has given an excellent summary of his character, says — " il umait avec passion les femmes lejeu, la danse, le theatre." And Possevino, the annalist (and, therefore, the panegyrist) of his family, expressly alludes to his vindictive disposition - " quidam cindictce nimium, ideoque in abrupta tractum opinantur." For the rest, I maj affirm with Victor Hugo — " qice souvent les fables du peuple font la verite du voete." CONTENTS. laoofeB CHAP. PAOB I. The Scholajks I 11. The Gelosa . 13 in. The Hector .... . 2i IV. An English Bulldog S3 v. Cosmo Kuggieri , S9 VI. The Mask 43 23oo!i m. I, The Court of Henkv III . . .5) II. Esclairmondl: , . . . . 64 III. Henri III. . .... . . . 72 IV. Catherine de Medicis . . . . . 76 V. Margue)ute de Valois 84 VI. The Oratory . . ... 92 V 1 [. The Bezoab . . . . . 104 Vlll. The Jester . .... 119 IX. The Sararcane . . . ... 126 X. The Hotel de Soissons> .... . . . . 141 XI. The Laboratory . . . ... 149 XH. The Incantation . .... 1.57 XIII. The Magic Ring 172 XIV. The Two Masks 181 XV. The Column of Catherine de Medicis 191 33ook W. I. IIic Bibitur ! . . . . . . 199 II. The Huguenot 219 III. The Procession 226 IV. The Lists . . 232 V. The Pavilion 242 VI. The Beaknais 2.-5 VII. The Barb . . ... . . . . 268 VIII. The Englishman . 273 IX. The Two Henris . 282 X. The Missal . . . . . 29.') XL The Bull . . 308 XII. The Prizt, . . 818 Xni. Ttik Dungeon 325 "*^IV. The Conspiracy ... 332 Thb Scottish Cavalibb The Admirable Scot Marguerite Atvi:y-SpiCE Th» ThIBTT RBQmSITBS ILprfcs. 50 iOl no 111 CONTENTS. The Temptation of Saint Anthonv The Three Okgies . The Legend of Valdbz Akacreontic Ode The Dirge of Bodrbon The DriTV of Di-guesclin The Swokd of Bayard Yusef and Zorayda YOLANDE esclaikmonde , Ale and Sack Incantation Song of the Spirit Invocation The Sorcerkk's Sahbath Venite Potejius Song of the Scholar . The Chronicle of Gargantua Song of the Soreonist . Charles IX. at Montfaucon . Les plus rouges y sont fris Drlid . , , . . Love's Homilt ^ppenUi'x. PAGE . 113 . 117 . 121 . 124 . a. . 128 . 129 . 132 , 133 . 135 , 143 . 170 . 172 174 175 . 206 . 209 . 210 214 . 217 . 260 . 278 . 334 Epicbdium on the Cardinal Borromeo To Gaspab Visoonti 343 349 ILLUSTRATIONS. rAO£ 1. THE DESCENT OF THE COLUMN . . . (fRONTISPIECe) . 19G "2. CRICHTO.V AT THE GATK OF THE c:OLLI;GK OK NAVARIIE . (TITLE) . 1 .'i. the conflict with the 8tuden is . . ..... 38 4. pi:ksi:ntation of f.sclairmonde to henui hi. . . . . .6*3 5. the mortal defiance BY THE MASK .... .81 6. THE ORATOI'.Y .,.....,. ,97 7. THE VENICE GLASS 119 b. HENRI AND THE DEMOISELLE TOltlGNI . 139 9. CRICHTON'S RENCOIINTKU WITH OCII.VY AND BLOLTJT BEFORE TH3 FALCON .... 144 10. THE LABORATORY . 156 U. THE F.'w7HT .189 12. HENKY OF NAVARRE AT THE FALCON . . .212 13. REBOURS RECOGNISING HENRY . . 223 14. THE PROCESSION . . 228 15. THE LISTS . . 238 16. THE PAVILION , ... , 249 17. THE BULL .... .«••.. 317 l«. CRICHTON's 'lOWTESS BEWARDBi* • « .321 CRICHTON. BOOK THE FIRST.— CHAPTER I. THE SCHOLARS. Tu viens doncqucs de Paris ? dist I'antagruel — Et a quoj' passez-vous le temp* vous aultrcs Messieurs Estudians au diet Paris? — Kauklais. — rantagruel. — l.iv. II., chap. vi. Towards the close of Wednesday, the 4tli of February, 1579, a vast assemblage of scholars was collected before the Gothic gate- way of tlie ancient college of Navarre. So numerous was this con- course, that it not merely blocked up the area in front of the renowned seminary in question, but extended far down tlie Rue de la jNIon- tagne Sainte-Genevieve, in which it is situated. Never had such a disorderly rout been brought togetlicr since the days of the uproar in 1557, when the predecessors of these turbulent students took up arms, marched in a body to the Pre-aux-Clercs, set fire to three houses in the vicinity, and slew a sergeant of the guard, who vainly endeavoured to restrain their fury. Their last election of a rector, ISIcssire Adrien D'Amboise, '■'pater eruditioninn,'' as he is described in his epitaph, when the same body congregated within the cloisters of the Mathurins, and thence proceeded, in tumultu- ous array, to the church of Saint-Louis, in the isle of the same name, — had been nothing to it. Every scholastic hive sent forth its drones. Sorbonne, and Montaigu, Cluny, Harcourt, the Four Nations, and a host of minor establishments — in all, amounting to forty-two — each added its swarms ; and a pretty buzzing they created! The fair of Saint-Germain had only commenced the day before; but though its festivities were to continue till Palm Sunday, and though it was the constant resort of the scholars, who committed, during their days of carnival, ten thousand excesses, it was now absolutely deserted. The Pomme-de-Pin, the Castel, the Magdaleine, and the Mule, B 2 CRICHTON. those tahernes nieritoires, celebrated in Pantagruel's conference with the Limosin student, wliich hai; conferred upon them an immor- taUty hke that of our own hostel, the jNIermaidj were wholly neg- lected; the dice-box was laid aside for the nonce; and the Avell- uscd cards were thrust into the doublets of these thirsty tipplers of the schools. But not alone did the crowd consist of the brawler, the gambler, the bully, and the debauchee, though these, it must be confessed, predominated. It was a grand medley of all sects end classes. The modest demeanour of llic retiring, pale-browed student, was contrasted witli the ferocious aspect and reckless bearing of his immediate neighbour, whoee appearance was little better than that of a bravo. The grave theologian and embryo ecclesiastic were placed in juxta-position with the scofRng and licentious acolyte ; while lawyer in posse, and the law-breaker in es^e, •were numbered amongst a group, whose pursuits Avere those of violence and fraud. Various as were the cliaractcrs that composed it, not less diver- sified were the costumes of this heterogeneous assemblage. Subject to no particular regulations as to dress, or rather openly infi-icting them, if any such were attempted to be enforced, — each scholar, to wdiatever college he belonged, attired himself in such garments as best suited his taste or his finances. Taking it altogether, the mob was neitlier remarkable for the fashion, nor the cleanliness of the apparel of its members. From Rabelais we learn that the passion of play was so strongly implanted in the students of his day, that they would frequently stake the points of their doublets at tric-tracor trou-madame ; and but little improvement had taken place in their morals or manners some half century afterwards. The buckle at their girdle — the mantle on their shoulders — the shirt to their back — often stood the hazard of the die; and hence it not unfrequently hapj^ened, that a rusty pourpoint and ragged c/iausscs were all the covering which the luckless dicers could enumerate, owing, no doubt, " to the extreme rarity and penury of pecnne in their marsiipies^^ Round or square caps, hoods and cloaks of black, grey, or other sombre hue, were, however, the prevalent garb of the members of the university ; but here and there might be seen some gayer specimen of the tube, Avhose broad-rimmed, high-crowned felt hat and flaunting featlier; whose pulFed-out sleeves and exaggerated ruif — with starched plaits of such amplitude that they had been not inappropriately named plats de Saint Jean Baptiafe, from the resemblance which the wearer's head bore to that of the saint, •when deposited in the charger of the daughter of Herodias, were intended to ape the leading mode of the elegant court of their sovereign Henri Trois. To such an extent had these insolent youngsters carried their licence of imitation, that certain of their members, fresh from the fair THE SCnCLABS. , 3 of St. Germain, and not wholly unacquainted witli the hippocrasof the suttlcrs crowding its mart, wore around their throats enormous collars of paper, cut in rivalry of the legitimate plaits of muslin, and bore in their hands long hollow sticks, from which they dis- charged peas and other missiles in imitation of the sarbacanes then in vogue with the monarch and his favourites. Thus fmtastically tricked out, on that same day — nay, only a few hours before, and at the fliir above-mentioned, had these facetious Avights, with more merriment than discretion, ventured to exhibit themselves before the coritga of Henri, and to exclaim loud enough to reach the ears of royalty, *' a la fraise on connoit h veau /" — a piece of pleasantry for Avhich they subsequently paid dear. Notwithstanding its shabby appearance in detail, the general effect of this scholastic rabble was striking and picturesque. The thick moustaches and pointed beards with which the lips and chins of most of them were decorated, gave to their physiognomies a manly and determined air, fully borne out by their unrestrained carriage and deportment. To a man, almost all were armed with a tough vine-wood bludgeon, called in their language an estoc volant, tipped and shod with steel — a weapon fully understood by them, and rendered, by their dexterity in the use of it, formidable to their adversaries. Not a few carried at their girdles the short rapier, so celebrated in their duels and brawls, or concealed within their bosom a poignard or a two-edged knife. The scholars of Paris have ever been a turbulent and ungovern- able race ; and at the period of which this history treats, and, indeed, long before, were little better than a licensed horde of robbers, consisting of a pack of idle and wayward youths drafted from all parts of Europe, as well as from the remoter provinces of their own nation. There was little in common between the mass of students and their brethren, excepting the fellowship resulting from the universal licence in which all indulged. Hence their thousand combats amongst themselves — combats almost invariably attended with fatal consequences — and which the heads of the university found it impossible to check. Their own scanty resources, eked out by what little they could derive from beggary or robbery, formed their chief subsistence ; for many of them were positive mendicants, and were so denomi- nated; and, being possessed of a sanctuary wuthin their own quar- ters, to which they could at convenience retire, they submitted to the constraint of no laws except those enforced within the jurisdic- tion of the imiversity, and hesitated at no means of enriching themselves at the expense of their neighbours. Hence, the frequent warfare waged between them and the brethren of Saint Germain des Prds, whose monastic domains adjoined their territories, and whose meadows were the constant chavip clos of their skirmishes ; according to Dulaure — prcsf^ue toujours un theatre de tumulte, de b2 4 CRICHTON. galantcrie, de combats, de duels, de dthauches, et de sedition. Hence their sanguinary conflicts with the good citizens of Paris, to Avhom they were wholly obnoxious, and who occasionally repaid their ag- gressions with interest. In 1407, two of their number, convicted of assassination and robbery, were condemned to the gibbet, andth** sentence was carried into execution ; but so great was the uproar occasioned in the imiversity by this violation of its immunities, that the provost of Paris, Guillaume de Tignonville, was compelled to take down their bodies from Montfaucon, and see them honourably and ceremoniously interred. This recognition of their rights only served to make matters worse, and for a series of years the nuisance con- tinued unabated. It is not our purpose to record all the excesses of the university, nor the means taken for their suppression. Vainly were the civil authorities arrayed against them. Vainly were bulls thundered from the Vatican. No amendment was eficcted. The weed might be cut down, but was never entirely extirpated. Their feuds were transmitted from generation to generation, and their old bone of contention with the abbot of Saint Germain (the Pre-aux-Clercs) was, after an uninterrupted strife for thirty years, submitted to the arbitration of the Pope, who very equitably refused to pronounce judgm.ent in favour of either party. Such were the scholars of Paris in the sixteenth century — such the character of the clamorous crew who besieged the portals of the college of Navarre. The object that summoned together this unruly midtitude, was, it appears, a desire on the part of the scholars to be present at a public controversy, or learned disputation, then occurring witliin the great hall of the college before which they were congregated, and the disappointment caused by their finding the gates closed, and all entrance denied to them, occasioned their present disposition to riot. It was in vain they were assured by the halberdiers stationed at the gates, and who, with crossed pikes, strove to resist the on- ward pressure of the mob, that the hall and court were already crammed to overflowing, that there w^as not room even for the solo of a foot of a doctor of the faculties, and tliat their orders were positive and imperative that none beneath the degree of a bac)ielor or licentiate should be admitted, and that a troop of mar- tinets* and Bcjaunesf could have no possible claim to admission. In vain they were told this was no ordinary disputation, no common controversy, that all were alike entitled to license of in- gress, that the disputant was no undistinguished scholar, whose re- nown did not extend beyon;] his own trifling sphere, and whose opinions, therefore, few would care to hear, and still fewer to ♦ Scholars either not living within the walls of the university, or not being en pension at the colleges. t Yellow-beaks ; a nickname applied to newly-admitted students. THE SCHOLARS. 5 Oppugn, but a foreigner of high rank, in high favour and fasliion, and not more remarkable for his extraordinary intellectual endow- ments, than for his brilliant personal accomplishments. In vain the trembling officials sought to clinch their arguments by stating, that not alone did the conclave consist of the chief mem- bers of the university, the senior doctors of theology, medicine, and law, the professors of the humanities, rhetoric, and philosophy, and all the various other dignitaries; but that the debate was honoured by the presence of Monsieur Christophe de Thou, first president ot parliauicnt ; by that of the learned Jacques Augustin, of the same name; by one of the secretaries of state and governor of Paris, M. Rene de Villcquicr; by the ambassadors of Elizabeth, Queen of England; and of Philip II., King of Spain, and several of their suite; by Abbe de Brantume; by M. jNIiron, the court physician; by Cosmo Ruggieri, the Queen INIother's astrologer ; by the re- nowned poets and masque writers, Maitres Ronsard, Baif, and Phihppe Dcsportes; by the well-known advocate of parliament, Mes- sire Eticnne Pasquicr ; but, also (and here came the gravamen of the objection to their admission) by the two especial favourites of his majesty and leaders of allairs, the seigneurs of Joyeusc and D'Epernon. It was in vain the students were informed that, for the preserva- tion of strict decorum, they liad been commanded by the rector to make fiist the gates. No excuses would avail them. The scholars were cogent reasoncrs, and a show of staves soon brought their op- ponents to a nonplus. In this line of argument they were perfectly aware of their ability to prove a major. "To tlie wall with them — to the wall T' cried a hundred infuri ated voices. " Down with the halberdiers — down with the gates- down with the disputants — down with the rector himself! — Deny our privileges! To the wall with old Adrien d'Amboise — ex- clude the disciples of the university from their own halls ! — curry favour Avith the court minions ! — hold a public controversy in pri- vate ! — down with him ! We will issue a mandamus for a new elec- tion on the spot !" Whereupon a deep groan resounded throughout the crowd. It was succeeded by a volley of fresh execrations against the rector, and an angry demonstration of bludgeons, accompanied by a brisk shower of peas from the sarbacanes. The officials turned pale, and calculated the chance of a broken neck in reversion, with that of a broken crown in immediate pos- session. The former being at least contingent, appeared the milder alternative, and they might have been inclined to adopt it, had not a further obstacle stood in their way. The gate was barred within- side, and the vergers and bedels who had the custody of the door, though alarmed at the tumult without, positively lefuscd to un- fasten it. 6 CRICHTON. Again, tlic tlireats of" the scholars were renewed, and further intimations of violence were exhibited. Again the peas rattled upon the hands and faces of the lialberdiers, till their ears tingled with pain. " Prate to us of the king's favourites," cried one of the foremost of the scholars, a youth decorated with a paper collar; ( " they may rule within the precincts of the Louvre, but not within the walls of the university. Maugrebleu I We hold them cheap enough. ^V^e heed not the idle bark of these full-fed court lapdogs. What to us is the bearer of a bilboquet? By the four evangelists, we will have none of them here! Let the Gasconcadet, D'Eper- non, reflect on the fate of Quelus and Maugiron, and let our gay Joyeuse beware of the dog's death of Saint Megrin. Place for better men — place for the schools — away with frills and sarbacanes !" " What to us is a president of parliament, or a governor of the city?" shouted another of the same gentry. " We care nothing lor their ministration. We recognise them nor, save in their own courts. All their authority fell to the ground at the gate of the Rue Saint Jacques, when they entered our dominions. We care for no parties. We are politiques, and steer a middle course. We hold the Guisards as cheap as the Huguenots, and the brethren of the League; weigh as little with us as the followers of Calvin. Our only sove- reign is Gregory XIIL, Pontiff of Rome. Away with the Guiso and the Bearnais !" *' Away with Henri of Navarre, if you please," cried a scholar of Harcourt; '* or Henri of Valois, if you list, but, by all the saints, not with Henri of Lorraine, he is the fast friend of the true faith. No ! — no ! — live the Guise — live the Holy Union !'' "Away with Elizabeth of England," cried a scholar of Cluny; •* what doth her representative here ? Seeks he a spouse for her amongst our schools? She will have no great bargain, I own, if she bestows her royal hand upon our Due d'Anjou." "If you value your buff jerkin, I counsel you to say nothing slighting of the Queen of England in my hearing," returned a bluff, broad-shouldered fellow, raising his bludgeon after a menacing fashion. He was an Enujlishman belonii;in": to the Four Nations, and had a huge bull-dog at his heels. " Away with Philip of Spain and his ambassador," cried a Ber- nardin. " Per los ojos de mi Dama !" cried a Spaniard belonging to the College of Narbonne, with huge moustaches curled half way up his bronzed and insolent visage, and a slouched hat pulled over his brow. " This may not pass muster. The representative of the King of Spain must be respected even by the Academics of Lutetia. Which of you shall gainsay me? — ha!" •'" What business has he here with his suite, on occasions like to the present?" returned the Bernardin. "Tete-DIeu! this disputa- tiou is one that little concerns the interest of your politic king; THE SCnOLAKS. 7 and methinlcs Dom Philip, or his representative, has regard for little else than whatsoever advances his own interest. Your ambas- sador hath, I doubt not, some latent motive for his present atten dance in our schools." " Perchance," returned the Spaniard. *' Wc will discuss that point anon." " And what doth the pander of the Sybarite within the dusty halls of learning?" ejaculated a scholar of Lcmoine. " What doth the jcalous-pated slayer of his Avile and unborn child within the rcacli of free-spoken voices, and mayhap of well-directed blades? Methinksit were more prudent to tarry Avithin the bowers of his harem, than to hazard his perfumed person among us." " Well said," rejoined the scholar of Cluny — " down with Rene do Villequier, though he be Governor of Paris." " What title hath the Abbe de Brantonie to a seat amongst us?" said the scion of Ilarcourt; " certes he hath a reputation for wit, an