George IV (Islington Flowers Memorial Collection DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY established by the FAMILY OF COLONEL FLOWERS Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from Duke University Libraries https://archive.org/details/maineatgettysbur01main NBTIONHL CEMETERY MONUMENT — GETTYSBURG, Maine at Gettysburg report OF MAINE COMMISSIONERS PREPARED BY THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Ad majorem patrios gloriam 1898 II Copyrighted 1898 for and in behalf of the State of Maine, by Charles Hamlin, Greenlief T. Stevens and George W. Verrill, of the Maine Gettysburg Commissioners' Executive Committee and sub-committees on editing, illustrating, printing and binding. The Lakeside Press Engravers, Printers and Binders Portland, Maine BOUND BY THE NATIONAL LIBRARY BINDERY CO. OF GA. hi g'ul-BM MAINE GETTYSBURG COMMISSION The Governor of Maine, ex officio. Charles Hamlin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen., A. A. G. Vols. 2d Div. 3d Corps. Moses B. Lakeman, Colonel 3d Regt. Elijah Walker, Colonel 4th Regt. Clark S. Edwards, Bvt. Brig.-Gen., Colonel 5th Regt. fBenjamin F. Harris, Bvt. Brig.-Gen., Lt.-Col. 6th Regt. Alexander B. Sumner, Lieut. -Colonel 6th Regt. fSelden Connor, Brig.-Gen., Lt.-Col. 7th Regt. Thomas W. Hyde, Bvt. Brig.-Gen., Lt.-Col. 7th Regt. John D. Beardsley, Lt.-Col. U. S. C. T., Capt. 10th Battn. Charles W. Tilden, Bvt. Brig.-Gen., Col. 16th Regt. ^Charles B. Merrill, Lieut. -Colonel 17th Regt. George W. Verrill, Captain 17th Regt. *Francis E. Heath, Bvt. Brig.-Gen., Col. 19th Regt. Charles E. Nash, Captain 19th Regt. Joshua L. Chamberlain, Bvt. Maj.-Gen., Col. 20th Regt. *Jacob McClure, Lt.-Col. Me. S. S., Capt. Co. D 2d U. S. S. S. JCharles H. Smith, Bvt. Major.-Gen. U. S. A., Col. 1st Cav. Sidney W. Thaxter, Major 1st Cav. Regt. *James A. Hall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen., Captain 2d Batty. Greenlief T. Stevens, Bvt. Major, Captain 5th Batty. Edwin B. Dow, Bvt. Major, Captain 6th Batty. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. Charles Hamlin chairman, Greenlief T. Stevens secretary, Charles H. Smithf, Francis E. Heath*, Charles B. Merrill* Sidney W. Thaxter, George W. Verrill, Charles E. Nash. *Deceased. tResigned. V PREFACE The Executive Committee of the Maine Gettysburg Commission were charged, among other duties, with preparing and publishing a report of the Commission and its work. This volume constitutes the report so prepared by the Committee. It will be found to contain principally an account of the monuments erected by the State of Maine on the Gettysburg battlefield “ to commemorate and perpetuate the conspicuous valor and heroism of Maine soldiers on that decisive battlefield of the war of the rebellion ” ; a full description of each monument, accompanied with half-tone pictures ; the exercises attending their dedication ; a statement of the part taken by each of the fifteen regiments, battalions, batteries, or other commands of Maine troops, illustrated with maps and diagrams ; a list of the participants in each command, with the casualties in the same ; a list of Maine Generals, and staff and other officers additional to Maine organizations ; a historical sketch of each command ; and a brief summary of the work of the Committee. The different features of the report, taken as a w r hole, are dissimilar to those issued by other States ; but the contributions thus made to history will serve to add to its value. To procure all the materials of the report has required more time and labor than was originally contemplated. The time and labor thus spent have, however, aided in setting forth the facts more fully, accurately and reliably, and in a manner justly due to the memory of those who so freely gave their lives to their country on this eventful field. Charles Hamlin, Greenlief T. Stevens, Sidney W. Thaxter, George W. Yerrill, Charles E. Nash. YII CONTENTS Preface V. Part I. The Battle of Gettysburg, a sketch by Brevet Brig.-Gen. Charles Hamlin i Four maps of the battlefield in colors, drawn by G. W. Verrill. [Concerning each of the following Maine organizations are given the picture, description and location of its monument (and markers, if any), its part in the battle, nominal lists of participants and of casualties, a general historical sketch, and a roster of its officers. — See under Gettys- burg in Index.] Hall’s Second Maine Battery 14 Historical Sketch, compiled by Charles Hamlin . Sixteenth Maine Regiment 37 Diagram showing positions, by C. K. Tilden,— Incidents of the battle, by Major A. R. Small,— Historical Sketch, by Lieut. Francis Wiggin. Stevens’ Fifth Maine Battery 80 At Gettysburg, by Brevet Major G. T. Stevens and Brevet Captain E. N. Whittier, —Historical Sketch, by Brevet Major Greenlief T. Stevens. Third Maine Regiment 126 Itinerary, by Col. Moses B. Lakeman,— Historical Sketch, compiled by the Editors. Fourth Maine Regiment 158 Dedication of Monument and Historical Address, by Col. Elijah Walker. Seventeenth Maine Regiment 190 Diagrams showing positions, by G. W. Verrill,— Dedication of Monument : Prayer by Rev. C. G. Holyoke, Address by Brevet Lt.-Col. Edward Moore, Poem by G. W. Verrill, Oration by Brevet Brig.-Gen. William Hobson,— Historical Sketch by Captain George W. Verrill. Twentieth Maine Regiment 249 Diagram showing positions, by G. W. Verrill,— At Gettysburg, excerpts from Address of Lieut. S. L. Miller and from field notes by Brevet Maj.-Gen. J. L. Chamberlain, — Historical Sketch, by an Officer of the Regiment, — The Last Act, by Editors, from information furnished by Gen. Chamberlain and Gen. Spear. Nineteenth Maine Regiment 289 Historical Sketch, by Officers of the Regiment (Brevet Brig.-Gen. Francis E. Heath, Major David E. Parsons and Lt.-Col. Joseph W. Spaulding). Dow’s Sixth Maine Battery 325 Historical Sketch, compiled by Brevet Brig.-Gen. Charles Hamlin. Company D, Second U. S. Sharpshooters 348 Historical Sketch, by the Editors. Fifth Maine Regiment 364 Dedication of Monument and Historical Address, by Brevet Brig.-Gen. Clark S Edwards,— Poem by Helen S. Packard. Sixth Maine Regiment 395 At Gettysburg, letter from Brevet Lt.-Col. Charles A. Clark,— Historical Sketch, compiled by Charles Hamlin. VIII Seventh Maine Regiment 430 Historical Sketch, by Brig.-Gen. Selden Connor. First Maine Cavalry 469 Dedication of Monument: Address by Brevet Maj.-Gen. C. H. Smith, Poem by Edward P. Tobie,— Historical Sketch, by Lieut. Edward P. Tobie. Tenth Maine Battalion 517 At Gettysburg, and Historical Sketch of i-l0-29th Regt. by Major John M. Gould. High Water Mark Monument 537 Additional Participating Officers, compiled by the Editors 540 Gettysburg Summaries, Maine Participants and Casualties 542 Part II. Dedication of Monuments 545 Order of the Day and exercises, — Gen. Chamberlain’s Address, — Prayer by Rev. Theo. Gerrish, — Address by Gen. Charles Hamlin, — Address by Hon. Edwin C. Burleigh, Governor of Maine, — Address by Major John M. Krauth for the Battlefield Memorial Association, — Oration by Gen. Selden Connor, — Prayer and Benediction by Rev. G. R. Palmer. Soldiers National Cemetery and Monument, by G. W. Verrill 582 Maine Gettysburg Commission and its Work, by Charles Hamlin, chairman of the Executive Committee 586 Index 597 PART I THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBUEG. BY BREVET BRIGADIER-GENERAL CHARLES IIAMLIX, LATE ASSISTANT ADJUTANT GENERAL, SECOND DIVISION THIRD ARMY CORPS, ARMY OF POTOMAC. A BRIEF sketch of this battle will enable the reader to under- stand the operations of both Union and Confederate troops given in detail, as they appear in the various accounts of the battle, hereafter in this volume. Such a sketch, indeed, is necessary for the general reader who desires a con- nected account, because the main purpose of this volume is to give a particular account of the various regiments and batteries of the State of Maine, rather than a single and connected view. An invasion of the North was determined upon by the Con- federate authorities soon after the battle of Chancellorsville in May, 1863. It seems evident now that the causes which led to this invasion were, that the term of many of the Union sol- diers was expiring ; the late defeat at Chancellorsville ; and the hope and expectation to capture Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, which might end the war through a recogni- tion of the Confederacy by foreign governments, followed by their intervention. On the second of June, Lee began his movement north with the withdrawal of his army from Fredericksburg. On the eighth, Ewell and Longstreet arrived at Culpeper, to which place Stuart had already advanced his cavalry. General Hooker, on June 5th, ordered a reconnaissance below Freder- icksburg, suspecting some important movement by General Lee. On the eighth, Pleasonton’s cavalry and two brigades of infantry were ordered across the Rappahannock. On the morning of the ninth these forces crossed the river and attacked Stuart’s cavalry at Brandy Station. Here occurred the first 2 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. successful light by our cavalry when engaged in a large body. The First Maine Cavalry under Kilpatrick was engaged in this battle in desperate conflict and in which it bore itself with great credit. Tliis struggle at Brandy Station ended in defeat- ing and driving the Confederate cavalry from the field ; but on the arrival of Ewell's infantry from Culpeper, Pleasonton withdrew his forces and recrossed the river. By the capture of /Stuart’s headquarters Lee’s orders were found that showed his movement was north beyond the Union lines. On the tenth, Ewell’s corps advanced beyond the Blue Ridge, passed north through Chester Gap, and marched rapidly up the Shenandoah Valley. Stuart’s cavalry was directed east of the Blue Ridge, to guard the passes, mask Lee’s movements, and delay the advance of Hooker’s army. On the fourteenth, Ewell attacked General Milroy at Winchester, who was hemmed in without definite information of the movement of Lee’s army up the valley. Milroy attempted early in the morning of the fifteenth to steal his way out, and although discovered by the Confederates, succeeded in breaking through and retreated in haste, with heavy losses in men and material. Hill and Longstreet hurried northward, the latter covering the mountain gaps in his movements. On the sixteenth, Jen- kins with two thousand Confederate cavalry penetrated into Pennsylvania as far as Chambersburg. June 13th, Hooker put the Union army in motion and kept his command between the enemy and Washington. Pleasonton’s cavalry encountered that of Stuart’s on the sev- enteenth at Aldie ; and on the nineteenth at Middleburg and on the twenty-first at Upperville. On each of these fields the First Maine Regiment of Cavalry won new honors. After a severe engagement at Upperville the Confederate cavalry fell back through Ashby’s Gap, and Pleasonton rejoined the infantry. Lee now seemed convinced that Hooker would not attack him south of the Potomac ; and on the twenty-second he ordered Ewell to cross the river into Maryland, where he came to the support of Jenkins , who being reinforced advanced again to Chambersburg. Here Llodes’ and Johnson’s divisions joined him on the twenty-third. Early's division, lee’s INVASION OF PENNSYLVANIA. 3 in the meantime, moved via Gettysburg to York with instruc- tions to destroy the railroads and secure the bridge across the Susquehanna, after which he moved north and undertook with Bodes and Johnson to take possession of Harrisburg. On the twenty-third, Lee ordered Hill and Longstreet across the Poto- mac to unite at Hagerstown, and follow Ewell's corps up the Cumberland valley. When Hooker learned that Lee was concentrating his forces north of the Potomac, he advanced the Union army on a line parallel with that of the enemy. On the twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth, the Union army having crossed the Potomac, was massed between Harper’s Ferry and Frederick City. On the twenty-sixth, Gordon's brigade of Early's division passed through the town of Gettysburg, and on the twenty-eighth Early's division reached York and Wrightsville. Gordon's brigade was prevented from crossing the Susquehanna by the destruction of the bridge at Wrightsville. On the twenty- eighth, Gen. George G. Meade was appointed to the com- mand of the Union army, to succeed Hooker, who had asked, in the meantime, to be relieved. The immediate cause of Hooker’s resignation arose from the refusal of Halleck, Gen- eral-in-chief, to give Hooker the control of ten thousand men under French at Harper’s Ferry. Meade at once ordered the Union forces northward, placed his left wing, consisting of the First, Third, and Eleventh corps, under Reynolds, directing him to Emmitsburg, and advanced his right wing to New Windsor. At this time the cavalry was disposed as follows : Buford on the left, Kilpatrick in front, and Gregg on the right. Stuart had separated himself from Lee's infantry in Virginia, and set off on a raid around the right of the Union army on the twenty-fourth. He crossed the Potomac on the twenty-seventh, in rear of Hooker, intending to rejoin Lee by marching through Maryland. On the thirtieth he encountered Kilpatrick’s cavalry at Hanover, where a short and spirited struggle ensued, in which Stuart was forced to retreat north- ward, at the same time abandoning some of his trains contain- ing captured property. On the next day, July 1st, he reached Carlisle, where he learned that Ewell had moved south towards 4 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Gettysburg. He bombarded Carlisle with shell, burned the government barracks, and then moved south, via Mount Holly Gap, and did not arrive on the battlefield until the afternoon of July 2d, having been separated seven days from General Lee. The absence of Stuart's cavalry proved to be disadvan- tageous to General Lee, who did not know until the evening of the twenty-eighth, while at Chambersburg, that Hooker had crossed the Potomac into Maryland. Lee still believed that Hooker was in Virginia, held there in check by Stuart. Lee at once began to concentrate his army, sent Ewell orders to retire from Carlisle and to recall his troops near Har- risburg. Lodes' and Early's divisions were ordered to join HilVs corps in the vicinity of Gettysburg, while Johnson's divis- ion with the artillery and trains approached the Chambersburg Pike via Shippensburg and Fayetteville. Hill's and Ewell's corps, on the thirtieth, advanced towards Gettysburg. Petti- grew's brigade, on the same day, was ordered with several wagons to Gettysburg to secure clothing and shoes. POSITION OF THE UNION ARMY, ON THE EVENING OF JUNE 30, 1863, TO THE SOUTH AND EAST, AND DISTANT FROM GETTYSBURG. First Corps, Doubleday (Second and Fifth Maine Batteries and Sixteenth Maine Regiment with this Corps), Marsh Creek, 5 1-2 miles south. Second Corps, Hancock (Nineteenth Maine Regiment with this Corps), Uniontown, 20 miles south. Third Corps, Sickles (Third, Fourth, and Seventeenth Maine Regi- ments with this Corps), Bridgeport, 12 miles south. Fifth Corps, Sykes (Twentieth Maine Regiment with this Corps), Union Mills, 16 miles southeast. Sixth Corps, Sedgwick (Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Maine Regiments with this Corps) , Manchester, 34 miles southeast. Eleventh Corps, Howard, Emmitsburg, 10 miles south. Twelfth Corps, Slocum (Tenth Maine Battalion at Corps headquarters), Littlestown, 10 miles southeast. Buford’s cavalry, two brigades, Gamble’s and Devin’s, at Gettysburg. Merritt’s (Regular) Brigade, Mechan- icstown, 18 miles south. Gregg’s cavalry (First Maine Regiment with Gregg), Westminster, 34 miles southeast. Kil- patrick’s cavalry, Hanover, 14 miles east. MOVING TOWARDS GETTYSBURG. 5 Dow’s Sixth Maine Battery was with the Fourth Brigade of the reserve artillery, at Taneytown, 12 miles south. Co. D, 2d U. S. Sharpshooters was with the Third Corps. General Meade’s orders for July 1st were, for the First and Eleventh corps to move to Gettysburg, the Third to Emmits- burg, the Second to Taneytown, the Fifth to Hanover, and the Twelfth to Two Taverns ; the Sixth was left at Manchester. POSITION OF THE CONFEDERATE ARMY, ON THE EVENING OF JUNE 30, 1863, NORTH AND WEST, AND DISTANT FROM GETTYSBURG. First Corps, Long street s , at Chambersburg, 25 miles northwest. Second Corps, Ewell's: divisions, Early's, near Heidlersburg, 12 miles northeast ; Eocles', Heidlersburg, 10 miles northeast ; Johnson's, vicinity of Fayetteville, 21 miles northwest. Third Corps, Hill's: divisions, Anderson's, Fay- etteville, 18 miles northwest ; Pender's, near Cashtown, 10 miles northwest ; Heth's, at Cashtown, 8 miles northwest ; Pettigrew's brigade, at Marsh Creek, 3 1-2 miles northwest ; Stuart's cavalry, near Dover, 21 miles northeast. General Lee's orders to Hill and Long street, for July 1st, were, for Heth's division with eight batteries to occupy Gettys- burg, Pender's division to move promptly to Heth's support. Longstreet was to follow this movement with McLaws’ and Hood's divisions. Buford’s cavalry division, on the left of the Union army, was approaching Gettysburg June 30th, on the Emmitsburg Road, and encountered Pettigrew's brigade entering the town from the west. Pettigrew fell back towards Cashtown to a position on Marsh Run, where he notified Heth, to whose division he belonged, that Gettysburg was occupied by the Union forces. Buford’s cavalry passed through the town of Gettysburg about half-past eleven o’clock in the forenoon. Halting west of Seminary ridge he went into camp, with Gamble’s brigade south of the railroad to cover the approaches from Chambersburg and Hagerstown. Devin’s brigade went to the north of the railroad, posting his videttes on all the roads north and northwest. Buford sent information to Rey- nolds of the presence of the enemy ; and Reynolds, who was 6 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. instructed to occupy Gettysburg, advanced the First Corps from Emmitsburg to Marsh Creek, about five and one-half miles from Gettysburg. Meade moved his right wing forward to Manchester. On the night of the thirtieth, Buford held a conference with Reynolds at Marsh Creek, and returned, during the night, to his headquarters in Gettysburg with one of Rey- nolds’ staff, who was to report to his chief early in the morning of the next day. At this time, Lee appears to have been fearful that his communications might be interrupted, and he was troubled by the naked defenses of Richmond. Lee, therefore, determined to draw back and make a diversion east of the South Mountain range to engage Meade’s attention. Although Lee’s plan of invasion had been thwarted, he determined to defeat Meade’s army. On the other hand, Meade, having selected the general line of Pipe Creek for his defense, had thrown his left wing, preceded by Buford’s cavalry, forward to Gettysburg as a mask. Both generals aimed to secure Gettysburg for the reason that it controlled the roads towards the Potomac. Its occupation by the Union army proved to lie of great impor- tance when we consider the subsequent events. FIRST DAY. The first day’s battle was fought on the west and north of Gettysburg. It began with Buford’s cavalry holding back the enemy’s infantry beyond and along Willoughby Run until the arrival of the First Corps, followed by the Eleventh Corps. A severe engagement, especially along the front of the First Corps, ensued, in which Reynolds lost his life ; and the Union forces, under Howard, were driven from the field after Eivell came from the north. Hall’s Second Maine Battery opened the infantry fight as soon as it arrived on the ground and was placed in position north of the Chambersburg Pike. The prin- cipal fighting by the Confederates along the front of the First Corps was by two divisions of Hill’s corps, who did not succeed after several attacks until reinforced by Ewell. It was then that the Sixteenth Maine Regiment was ordered to FIRST DAY OF BATTLE. 7 take position on the extreme right of the First Corps, at the Mummasburg Road, and to hold the enemy in check so that the remnant of the division might fall back ; and thus, under imperative orders to stay there at all hazards, it was delivered to the enemy by relentless capture. Stevens’ Fifth Maine Battery, which occupied a position near the Lutheran Seminary, was sharply engaged during Hill’s final assault, and aided by its rapid and severe fire in checking the enemy. The two corps of the Union army fell back through the town of Gettysburg, with heavy loss, but were not vigorously pursued by the enemy. The check given to the enemy’s advance by the hard and desperate fighting of the First Corps led to results worth all the sacrifice ; but to this day full credit has hardly been given to the great services rendered by that corps, familiar as we all are with the fearful losses inflicted upon it. The remnants of the two corps fell back upon Cemetery Hill, which lies to the south of the village of Gettysburg, and there awaited the arrival of the remainder of our army. The chief features of the ground occupied by the Union army during the remainder of the battle, July 2d and 3d, may be described briefly as follows : South of Gettysburg there is a chain of hills and bluffs shaped like a fish-hook. At the east, which we will call the barb of the hook, is Culp’s Hill ; and turning to the west is Cemetery Hill, which we will call the shank, running north and south until it terminates near a slope in a rocky, wooded peak called Round Top, having Little Round Top as a spur. The credit of selecting this position has been equally claimed by both Hancock and Howard. At Hancock’s suggestion Meade brought the army forward from Pipe Creek to secure it. Lee , having arrived at Seminary Ridge with his troops near the close of the first day’s battle, made an examination of the field and left Eivell to decide for himself how far he should follow up the attack upon the Union army at the east of the town at the close of the first day’s battle. At this time Eivell, observing the strong position occupied by the Union forces upon Culp’s Hill by the arrival of the Twelfth Corps under 8 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Slocum, decided not to make an attack. Cemetery Hill at the same time was well occupied by infantry and artillery. On the second day Lee determined to assume the offensive and resolved to give battle, although it seems that when he opened his campaign he had declared that it should be an offensive-defensive one. Probably his success on the first day may have induced the belief that a change from his original plan was well warranted. He was also influenced by the belief that the attacking party has the moral advantage, and in the light of his experience at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville he thought he could succeed. Longstreet urged him to move around the Union left, and manoeuvre Meade out of his posi- tion by threatening his communications with Washington ; but he declined to accept the advice. SECOND DAY. On the morning of the second, Lee's general line was in concave order of battle, fronting the Union army, parallel to Cemetery Hill, and about a mile distant, with his left thrown to the east and through the town to a point opposite Culp’s Hill. Longstreet was on his right, occupying Seminary Ridge, and about a mile distant from Cemetery Hill, with Hill in the centre and Lwell on the left. The Union position was in the following order, beginning on the right : Slocum on Culp’s Hill ; Howard on Cemetery Hill ; Newton, who succeeded Doubleday, commanding the First Corps ; Hancock ; and Sickles ; the latter occupying the low ground between Hancock on his right and Little Round Top on his left. The Twelfth Corps had come upon the ground after the fighting of the first day . The Second Corps arrived on the morning of the second day. Graham’s and Ward’s brigades of the First Division of the Third Corps came upon the ground about seven o’clock on the night of the first day, followed by two brigades of the Second Division late in the night. One brigade from each division, left at Emmits- burg with artillery to guard the mountain pass, came up to Gettysburg in the forenoon of the second. The Fifth and and Sixth corps, by a hard night’s march, arrived upon the SECOND DAY OF BATTLE. 9 ground the second day. The morning of the second day was occupied by Meade in strengthening his position and watching for Lee's attack. He believed that Lee would attack him on the light of our line, and prepared to move against Lee from that point. He finally decided to remain on the defensive. Lee having perfected his plans, directed Longstreet, with his two divisions, then upon the field, consisting of more than 15,000 men, to attack a salient thrown out by Sickles from the general line on our left at the Emmitsburg Road. Neither army then occupied Round Top and Longstreet endeavored to capture it by extending his right in that direction. Sickles’ thin line, of less than 10,000 men, resisted Longstreet for three hours along the front of the Third Corps position ; the main fighting of the First Division being from 4 : 15 to 6:30 p. m., and of the Second Division from 6 to 8 p. m. Towards the last of it, on both fronts, other troops came to the assistance of the Third Corps. A portion of the Fifth Corps, thrown into the support of Sickles, after a desperate struggle, secured Round Top ; and though Longstreet forced Sickles back from his salient rein- forced by troops from the Second, Fifth, Sixth, and Twelfth corps, he secured only a small benefit commensurate with Ms loss after a long and bloody engagement lasting from 4 o’clock p. m. until it was dark and late in the night. The centre of the Union line was occupied by the Second Corps, under Hancock, who assumed command of the left soon after Sickles was wounded. The Nineteenth Maine Regiment, under Colonel Heath, assisted in repulsing the attack of Hill at the close of the day, and made a charge driving the enemy beyond the Emmitsburg Road, recapturing the guns of one of our batteries wMch had been abandoned. The casualties of the regiment in killed and wounded exceed those of any other Maine regiment on tMs field. In the TMrd Corps position between Round Top and the Peach Orchard on the Emmitsburg Road, the Fourth Maine Regiment, Col. Elijah Walker, was in the Devil’s Den ; the Seventeenth, Lieut. -Col. Charles B. Merrill, was in the Wheat- field ; and the TMrd Maine, Col. Moses B. Lakeman, was in the angle of the salient at the Peach Orchard. 10 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. The Fourth Maine, with great sacrifice, successfully repelled a determined attempt of Law to gain the rear of Birney, and by counter charges was largely instrumental in holding back the overwhelming forces brought against Devil’s Den until our lines were established farther back. The Seventeenth Maine, substantially alone, held the Wheatfield against successive onslaughts of thrice its numbers of the veterans of Longstreet until it was relieved by Hancock’s troops, after more than two hours of fighting, in which it sustained a loss of one-third of its strength in killed and wounded. The Third Maine with two other regiments in the Peach Orchard defeated the fierce attacks of Kershaw's South Carolinians upon the south front of that position, and held the ground until the enemy gained the rear of the Orchard, nearly surrounding the small remnant of the command. When Longstreet, late in the day, was forcing the Union troops back upon our main line with the help of Hill, who aided to dislodge the Second Division of the Third Corps from the Emmitsburg Road, the reserve artillery under Major McGilvery assisted in repelling the enemy’s final attack. The Sixth Battery, under Lieut. E. B. Dow, took part in the stand then made and enabled our infantry to re-form. On the extreme left of the Union line was the Twentieth Maine Regiment, under Col. Joshua L. Chamberlain. His regiment was on the left of the Fifth Corps troops that took possession of Little Round Top and prevented the enemy, after desperate fighting, from turning our left. After expending all his ammunition, Colonel Chamberlain, by a timely charge, drove his opponents down the west side of the hill and capt- ured many prisoners. After dark the regiment seized and held Big Round Top. The Seventh Maine Regiment, Lieut. -Col. Selden Connor, took position on high ground east of Rock Creek, the extreme right of the Union infantry line, where it protected our flank, but was not severely engaged after having driven the enemy’s skirmishers out along its front. Capt. Jacob McClure, Co. D, 2d U. S. Sharpshooters, was out on the skirmish line in front of the First Division of the THIRD DAY OF BATTLE. 11 Third Corps, between Round Top and the Emmitsburg Road, and was under constant tire from morning until the general advance of Long street in the afternoon. When the company fell back, some of the men remained in line of battle and tilled vacant places in the thin line of the division. Others came under the command of Colonel Chamberlain on Little Round Top and assisted his company under Captain Morrill, who had command of a skirmish line on the left, where both delivered a flank fire upon the enemy at a critical moment. On the right of the Union army Ewell gained after dark a foothold on Culp’s Hill, where a portion of the Twelfth Corps had vacated its ground when ordered near night to other parts of the Union army. During the movement against Culp’s Hill, Early's division was directed to carry Cemetery Hill by a charge, preceded by an artillery tire from Benner’s Hill from four Confederate batteries. These batteries, however, were silenced by our bat- teries on Cemetery Hill and Stevens’ Fifth Maine Battery in position between Cemetery and Culp's Hill. Then Early's infantry moved out, but were handsomely repulsed, suffering severe loss, especially from the enfilading fire on their left flank by the Fifth Maine Battery. THIRD DAY. At the close of the second day, Lee believed that he had effected a lodgment in both flanks of the Union army. Meade called a council of his corps commanders and decided to remain and hold his position, and at daylight attacked Ewell in force and compelled him to give up the ground that he had occupied the night before that had been left vacant by a portion of the Twelfth Corps. Then Lee determined to attack the centre of the Union line held by the Second Corps. He accordingly ordered Longstreet , who was opposed to the movement, to make this assault which is generally called "Pickett’s Charge.” Lee massed nearly one hundred and fifty guns of his artillery along Seminary Ridge and the Emmitsburg Road and opened fire against the Union line. Barely eighty guns from our side 12 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. could be put in position to reply, and a tremendous artillery duel followed that lasted for two hours. Then Pickett , Petti- grew, and Trimble, under order of General Longstreet, with a column of about fifteen thousand men, made a charge into the centre of the Union line ; but the charge failed, although some of Pickett’s men broke through a portion of Hancock’s first line, where they were met, in front and flank, by other forces of the Second Corps, including the Nineteenth Maine Regiment, and some of the First Corps, which rolled them back with great losses in killed, wounded, and prisoners. This ended the fighting along the infantry line of the Union army. The farthest point reached by the Confederates in this charge is marked by the "High-Water Mark” monument. After the repulse of Pickett Kilpatrick made a charge from the extreme Union left without accomplishing much success. This was succeeded by an infantry reconnaissance composed of portions of the Fifth and Sixth corps — in the latter a part of the Fifth Maine Regiment participated — in the direction of the Peach Orchard, which resulted in the retirement of the enemy from nearly the entire front of the left of the Union lines to and beyond the Emmitsburg Road, the capture of a batch of prisoners, and the re-capture of a piece of artillery from the enemy. This successful and promising movement, however, was not followed up. There was a sharp and hard cavalry battle between Gregg, in conjunction with Custer, and Stuart, when the latter endeavored with his cavalry to pass around the Union right flank on the third day. Charges and counter charges were made there, and the Confederates, being defeated, withdrew from the field. Lee spent all of the fourth day and until daylight on the fifth preparing for retreat, but in the meantime intrenching for any attack that might be made. But Meade did not attack ; nor would he adventure anything. He permitted Lee to fall back to the Potomac without following up the advantage that he had gained. Lee crossed the Potomac at Williamsport and was followed some days after by Meade. Of the forces actually engaged, the Union loss in the battle of Gettysburg was twenty-three thousand out of seventy-eight [Ruin mol -'< Aw'*' i* t main£^ '■ Position •"WilOtJ CAVALRY ENGAGEMENT J uly 3 rd. [863. Two Taverns' AT B ATT LE O F G ETTYS BURG Union ww Confederate MAINE TROOPS ENGAGED. 13 thousand ; the Confederate was twenty-three thousand out of seventy thousand, — about one-third of the entire number engaged. In the following chapters will be found the accounts of the Maine troops at Gettysburg arranged in chronological order as follows : — Second Maine Battery, Capt. James A. Hall. Sixteenth Maine Regiment, Col. Charles W. Tilden. Fifth Maine Battery, Capt. Greenlief T. Stevens. Third Maine Regiment, Col. Moses B. Lakeman. Fourth Maine Regiment, Col. Elijah Walker. Seventeenth Maine Regiment, Lieut. -Col. Charles B. Merrill. Twentieth Maine Regiment, Col. Joshua L. Chamberlain. Nineteenth Maine Regiment, Col. Francis E. Heath. Sixth Maine Battery, Lieut. Edwin B. Dow. Co. D, 2d U. S. Sharpshooters, Capt. Jacob McClure. Fifth Maine Regiment, Col. Clark S. Edwards. Sixth Maine Regiment, Col. Hiram Burnham. Seventh Maine Regiment, Lieut. -Col. Selden Connor. First Maine Cavalry, Col. Charles H. Smith. Tenth Maine Battalion, Capt. John D. Beardsley. 14 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. MONUMENT OF HALL’S SECOND MAINE BATTERY. The monument, of white Hallowell granite, stands upon the spot selected for the Battery by General Reynolds on the morning of July 1st. It stands a few feet from the Chambersburg Pike on the north side. Upon one face of the shaft there is countersunk in relief the head of a vol- unteer artillerist. On the summit are five balls of black Addison granite; four of which rest on projecting corners of the cap, and the fifth, of larger size, crowns the central apex. ADMEASUREMENTS. Base: six feet, by six feet, by two feet; plinth: four feet, by four feet, by two feet two inches; die: three feet, by three feet, by six feet; cap: two feet eleven inches, by two feet eleven inches, by one foot nine inches; ball: one foot four inches diameter; four balls, each one foot diameter. Total height, thirteen feet and three inches. INSCRIPTIONS. Hall’s 2nd Maine Battery. 1st Brig. 2nd Div. .1st Corps. July 1, 1863. On the other side facing the Chambersburg Pike is inscribed: Casualties 2 Men Killed 18 Wounded. Beside the monument stands a cannon mounted upon an iron carriage, which has been purchased and placed there by the survivors of the Battery. HALL’S SECOND MAINE BATTERY, ARTILLERY BRIGADE, FIRST ARMY CORPS, AT THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. H ALL'S Second Maine Battery went into action tirst of all the Maine troops. It was attached to the artillery brigade of the First Corps (a) ; and was the battery selected, in accordance with the practice of the army of the Potomac at that time, to accompany the leading division of the Corps upon its march. This arrangement brought it upon the held in the very van of the First Corps. Calef’ s battery of horse artillery, which had been assisting Buford, retired as the Second Maine came up to take its place ; and the latter battery at once opened upon the enemy the first cannonade after the arrival of the Union infantry and the action of General Reynolds had committed the army definitely to a battle for the possession of Gettysburg. The men who brought the six three-inch guns of the Battery into position to join in the deepening roar of the great battle were volunteers principally from Knox County, but there were also men from Lincoln, Cumberland, York, Kennebec, Frank- lin, Androscoggin, and Oxford. Thirty-eight infantry-men, detailed from the Sixteenth Maine Regiment, also did duty with the Battery on this day. Captain James A. Hall, of Damariscotta, a young soldier whose conduct in other cam- paigns had earned his promotion from the first lieutenantcy, commanded the Battery. General Reynolds in person selected the position for the Battery, on the right of and near the Chambersburg Pike, on the left of and several yards (b) from the deep cut of an untin- (a) The inscription upon the monument assigns the Second Battery to the First Brigade, Second Division, First Corps. General Hall states, how- ever, that after January, 1863, all batteries ceased to be attached to brigades and divisions of infantry, and constituted an artillery brigade, their com- manders reporting directly to corps headquarters. This rule did not apply to the reserve artillery, which was under an independent commander. (b) In 1887 General Hall visited the field and found the position occu- pied by the right guns of the Battery. By a measurement made by him, the distance from it to the cut was found to be only twenty-one yards. 16 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. ished railroad which extended from Gettysburg in a direction nearly parallel with the Chambersburg Pike. The position which General Reynolds selected is the spot upon which the State of Maine has erected its monument of the Battery. It commanded the approaches along the Chambersburg Pike, and overlooked, as it does to-day, a broad and beautiful expanse of country, which rises and falls in gentle slopes of fields, past- ures and forests as far as the blue South Mountain range to the west and north. As General Reynolds and Captain Hall rode up to this position on the morning of July 1, 1863, the nearest of those slopes was already occupied by the deploying columns of Heth’s division of Hill’s corps, the van of Lee’s army. At the same time, from a ridge to the westward, nearly twenty Con- federate cannon were cannonading the ground upon which the infantry of the First Corps was forming. "Pay your atten- tion to those guns,” said General Reynolds to Captain Hall, "and draw their fire from our infantry while it is forming.” And to General Wadsworth, commander of the First Division of the Corps, w T ho rode up at that moment, he said : "Put a strong support on the right of this battery ; I will look out for the left.” With these words (a) General Reynolds rode away to the left, where he was soon after killed in the thick of the fight. To this position, hastily chosen amid the crash of the rapidly increasing battle, the Second Maine Battery moved up at once. It was then between 10 and 11 o’clock in the forenoon. The Second Maine, galloping up to the position designated by General Reynolds, formed, "by piece, to the left into bat- tery” and opened fire, enfilading the Chambersburg Pike and playing with effect upon the Confederate batteries that were annoying General Reynolds’ infantry. It was a critical moment when the Battery came upon the field, and its com- mander had no time to examine closely the ground about him, — apparently the field extending away to his right, and covered with un-mown grass, was smooth and unbroken. Of the deep railroad cut along the right of his position he saw no sign (a) Gen. J. A. Hall remembers these orders, which were given in his presence. hall’s battery opens. 17 whatever ; and as he naturally took position on the left of his Battery and nearer the Chambersburg Pike, he received no intimation of the existence of the cut until the Battery had been firing some time ( a) . He was suddenly undeceived when Lieutenant Carr reported that a body of the enemy were within twenty yards of the right gun of the Battery. The movement which had taken place was most menacing to the Second Maine. About the time the Battery came into position, or a little before, Gen. Joseph R. Davis’ Confederate brigade, of Heth’s division, was also deploying on the same side of the Chambersburg Pike, fronting the Battery, but masked by an intervening ridge. Davis’ brigade brought into line that morning three regiments, the 42d Mississippi on the right, 55th North Carolina on the left, and 2d Mississippi in the centre (b). These regiments advanced against Gen. Lysan- der Cutler’s (c) brigade, of the First Division, the greater part of which General Wadsworth had stationed to the right of the Second Maine’s position in compliance with General Rey- nolds’ directions. Cutler’s troops, however, did not withstand the advance of Davis, which struck their right flank with force and com- pelled a large portion of the brigade to retire. This left the Battery exposed to the enemy, who could advance upon its right flank or annoy it from the shelter of the railroad cut. Captain Hall did not at first believe it possible that the enemy could be in the position described by Lieutenant Carr ; but riding to the right he was convinced at once that the line of soldiers levelling their muskets at his men were the enemy. Lieutenant Ulmer, who was commanding the guns of the right section, with great coolness and judgment had anticipated the orders of Captain Hall, and, turning two pieces towards the advancing line, opened upon them with double-shotted canister. This discharge sent the Confederates tumbling back into the cut ; but the Confederate skirmishers, shielding themselves (a) Statement of Captain Hall in 1889. (b) Official report of Confederate General J. R. Davis, Aug. 26, 1863. Confederate corps, divisions, and brigades were respectively larger than the corresponding organizations in the Union army. (c) General Cutler was long a resident of Maine ; moved west in 1857; his brigade was composed of N. Y., Penn, and Ind. regts. 18 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. behind such natural protections as the ground afforded, were able to pick off the gunners who had just repelled the battle line so gallantly. For Obvious reasons a battery, though effective against troops in a body, is at the mercy of scattered skirmishers unless it is protected by an infantry support. Having no such support, the Second Battery found it necessary to retire at once, before the enemy’s skirmishers should succeed in disabling it by killing men and horses. Lieutenant Ulmer was directed to take his two guns of the right section, retire with them two hundred and fifty or three hundred yards, and take position to enfilade the railroad cut, which was affording shelter to the Confederates. The other four guns were kept at work in the old position by Captain Hall, who intended to remain there until Lieutenant Ulmer could open fire from the new position. But Lieutenant Ulmer was not allowed to carry out his part of this plan. As he retired the Confederates fol- lowed in the cut ; and before he could fire a shot they charged upon him. They shot down horses and men, and he succeeded in getting his guns beyond their reach with the greatest diffi- culty. One gun was dragged off by hand, all the horses attached to it having been shot. Meanwhile the other guns of the Battery were in the great- est jeopardy. The Confederate infantry were forming in the cut for another charge. Not a moment could be lost. A high fence and an enfilading fire from Confederate batteries rendered a movement into the Chambersburg Pike impracticable. The only way open for a retreat was through the field between the pike and railroad cut. The order was given at once ; and the intrepid artillery-men began the movement obediently, under a heavy fire. The Confederates shot all the horses attached to one gun, and the artillery-men were obliged to leave it tem- porarily (a) ; but the remainder were brought to a place of safety on the Chambersburg Pike. Captain Hall was about to return to take off his unhorsed and abandoned gun, when General Wadsworth gave him a peremptory order to lose no time in getting his battery into position on the heights near (a) The Confederate troops were Davis’ brigade. Davis was shortly after driven out of his advanced position with a large loss of prisoners, caught like mice in the railroad cut by a gallant charge of Union regiments. hall’s battery engaged. 19 the town to cover the retiring of the First Corps. So that gun remained upon the field until, later, Captain Hall with his own men and horses took it off. The conduct of the Battery during the half hour in which it had been engaged had been conspicuously gallant. It had maintained itself against the concentrated fire of the Confed- erate guns massed against its position, returning their fire with such effect that several of the enemy’s pieces were disabled ; and had, without the assistance of infantry, repulsed one Con- federate charge (a). But the little command had suffered severely. Two men had been killed outright and eighteen had been wounded. Twenty-eight horses had been killed, and Captain Hall’s horse had been severely wounded under its rider. Three of the six guns had been temporarily disabled, one gun carriage and two axles being broken. Of this part of the battle General Hall has written (in 1889) as follows : — “ For one, who, under the blessings of a kind Providence, has been car- ried through a trying ordeal on the field of battle, to write the story which is in a limited degree the chronicle of his own acts is not agreeable to me. A generous country has given the Second Maine Battery full credit for what it performed on the field of Gettysburg July i, 1863, while eminent soldiers, high in military renown, have been more than generous in commendation of the conduct of the company on that day. It was one of those moments when fortune seems to come to men beyond expectation, and by dealing kindly with tried humanity permits mortals to accomplish results which they could not hope for. If I should be asked if I could again take the Second Maine Battery as it was July 1, 1863, into that action, do what we then did, and get away with so little loss, I should answer, ‘ I do not think I could.’ If repeated a thousand times I would have no hope of once being so highly favored as we were then. It was one of those rare occasions in warfare when unexpected favors were at hand, and when some invisible protection was very kind. Hence the command was rescued, while another company, in the same position and equally as well commanded, might have been destroyed, with no one at fault. I am sure that no mistakes were made by my officers and men, — not one. Every man did his full duty and far more. My Lieutenants, William N. Ulmer, of Rockland, Me., afterwards Captain of the Battery, Albert F.Thomas and Frank Carr, both of Thomaston (a) General Hall has always regretted that the enemy’s infantry could not have heen kept off the flank of the Second Maine that morning. Although his Battery was overmatched three to one by the enemy’s guns so far as number was concerned, he is of the opinion that the Maine gunners would have come off with the honors of the duel. Before the Confederates appeared on the right flank the Second Maine had silenced three or four of the Confederate guns and was in good condition for a long cannonade. But the Union right had been overlapped, and without infantry support the Battery could not remain. 20 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. and both now dead, with all the non-commissioned officers and men, were possessed with but one mind on that field; namely, to save the guns or die in the attempt. I have always given Ulmer great credit for his prompt, soldierly, and heroic work in meeting the first appearance of the enemy on our right. “ One ridiculous thing in some of the histories of the battle has caused me annoyance, namely: as our last gun was retiring into the pike from the second ridge to the rear, all the horses on it were killed, and that gun remained on the field in jeopardy for some time, until with a pair of horses, a sergeant, and two men I was able to take it off safely. It has been claimed by several other commands that they fired that gun with telling effect upon the enemy. As the gun while standing upon the field without horses was not moved, and was not even unlimbered, of course it was not fired and could not have been fired during that time.” It was between 11 and 12 o’clock in the forenoon when the Battery was brought to a safe position near the town on the Chambersburg Pike (a). The First Corps, until this time the only Union troops upon the held, were hard pressed ; and it was to prepare for their retirement to the strong position of Cemetery Hill that General Wadsworth ordered the Second Maine to move through the town and take that position in advance. The Battery retired according to orders and took a commanding position in the old cemetery. But meanwhile General Howard with the Eleventh Corps had appeared ; and the Battery was scarcely in position before an aide came from General Wadsworth saying that the front line was to be held and directing the Battery to return. The Battery at once moved down the hill, through the streets of the town, and, taking the line of the unfinished rail- road, proceeded to Seminary Ridge. The enemy’s artillery were at that time enfilading this cut, but the movement was made without casualties. At Seminary Ridge the Battery received the order to move by a wood road along the ridge towards the Union right and "go into battery” on the open ground beyond. But before the movement was completed it was found that the enemy were in possession in that direction ; and the Battery was forced to return to the Chambersburg (a) In his official report of the battle Gen. Abner Doubleday, who commanded the First Corps, says: “ The dispositions made by Captain Hall to meet the emergency were both able and resolute.” This refers, of course, to the repulse of the charge from the railroad cut. HALLS BATTERY ENGAGED. 21 Pike. There it was met by Colonel Wainwright, chief of artillery of the First Corps, who, seeing that the Battery had but three guns left for work, ordered it to return to the posi- tion upon Cemetery Hill (a) . Before obeying the order Cap- tain Hall was allowed to recover the gun left in the forenoon, which had been kept from the Confederates by an opportune advance of the Union infantry soon after it had been abandoned. On July 2d, the second day of the battle, the three effective guns of the Battery were stationed on the extreme left of the line of artillery in the cemetery. Here at 4.15 p. m. the Bat- tery opened fire in reply to the enemy’s guns, and continued in action until the latter ceased firing for the day. In this action one of the gun carriages was disabled by the force of a recoil, and the Battery was retired that night for repairs (b). During the battles of the two days it had fired six hundred and thirty-five rounds of ammunition. The monument erected by the State of Maine stands, as has already been stated, upon the spot selected for the Battery by General Reynolds on the morning of the first day. Cut from the granite of Maine it is, both in size and design, an appropriate memorial. In the Evergreen Cemetery, at Gettysburg, a granite tablet has been erected to mark the position of the Battery on the second day of the battle, bearing this inscription: Hall’s Battery. 2nd Maine. July 2, 1863. (a) In retiring through the town the second time the Battery was unmolested, as the Union lines had not begun to give way extensively enough to allow the enemy to advance to the tdwn. General Doubleday, in his history of the battle, says of the retreat of the First Corps: “ I remem- ber seeing Hall’s Battery and the 6th Wisconsin Regiment halt from time to time to face the enemy and fire down the streets.” Captain Hall says that some other battery must have been mistaken for his, as the Second Maine passed through the streets before the general retreat. (b) In the afternoon of the second day Captain Hall had command of several batteries of reserve artillery. On the third day he was on duty with General Hunt, Chief of Artillery of the army of the Potomac. 22 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. OFFICIAL REPORT OF CAPT. JAMES A. HALL. Near Berlin, Md., July 16, 1863. Colonel: — I have the honor to submit the following as my report of the part taken by my Battery at the battle of Gettysburg, on July 1st, 2d, and 3d: — We were in camp on the morning of July 1st at Marsh Creek, four miles from Gettysburg. At 9 a. m. marched, following the advance brigade of the First Division, First Army Corps, to the battlefield, about a half a mile south and west of town, where we were ordered into position by General Reynolds on the right of the Cashtown Road, some 400 yards beyond Sem- inary Hill. The enemy had previously opened a battery of six guns directly in our front at 1,300 yards distance, which they concentrated upon me as I went into position, but with very little effect. We opened upon this battery with shot and shell at 10.45 A. M -> our first six shots causing the enemy to change the position of two of his guns and place them under cover behind a barn. In twenty-five minutes from the time we opened fire a column of the enemy’s infantry charged up a ravine on our right flank within sixty yards of my right piece, when they commenced shooting down my horses and wounding my men. I ordered the right and centre sections to open upon this column with canister, and kept the left firing upon the enemy’s artillery. This canister fire was very effective and broke the charge of the enemy, when, just at this moment, to my surprise I saw my support falling back without any order having been given me to retire. Feeling that if the position was too advanced for infantry it was equally so for artillery, I ordered the Battery to retire by sections, although having no order to do so. The support falling back rap- idly, the right section of the Battery, which I ordered to take position some seventy-five yards to the rear, to cover the retiring of the other four pieces, was charged upon by the enemy’s skirmishers and four of the horses from one of the guns shot. The men of the section dragged this gun off by hand. As the last piece of the Battery was coming away, all its horses were shot, and I was about to return for it myself, when General Wadsworth gave me a peremptory order to lose no time, but get my Battery in position near the town, on the heights, to cover the retiring of the troops. I sent a sergeant with five men after the piece, all of whom were wounded or taken prisoners. I had got near to the position I had been ordered to take, when I received another order from General Wadsworth to bring my guns immediately back; the officer bringing the order saying he would show me the road to take, which was the railroad grading leading out from town, which was swept at the time by two of the enemy’s guns from the hills beyond, through the excavations at Seminary Hill. Having gotten on to this road, from its construction I could not turn from it on either side, and was obliged to advance 1,200 yards under this raking fire. Arriving at Seminary Hill, I found no one to show me the position I was to occupy, and placed my Battery in park under cover of the hill, and went forward to see where to take position, when I again met an hall's official report. 23 aide of General Wadsworth, who ordered me to go to the right along the woods, pass over the crest and over a ravine, and there take position. Obeying this order, I moved towards the right until met by an orderly, who informed me I was going directly into the enemy’s lines, which were advancing from this direction. I halted my command and rode forward, but before reaching the described position was fired upon by the enemy’s skirmishers. I then countermarched my Battery and moved to near the seminary, and was going forward to ascertain, if possible, where to go, when I met Colonel Wainwright, who informed me my abandoned gun was still on the field, and that he had refused to put the Battery into the position desired by General Wadsworth. I then took a limber and went back upon the field with one sergeant, and recovered the abandoned gun with parts of all the harness, and immediately moved back through the town, putting my only three guns which were not disabled in position, by order of General Howard, on the left of the cemetery'. On the second we opened fire in reply to the enemy’s guns at 4. 15 p. m., and continued in action until the enemy’s artillery ceased for the day, dur- ing which time another gun was disabled by its axle breaking by the recoil, when I was relieved by a battery from the reserve artillery, and, by order of General Newton, went to the rear to repair damages, and the Battery took no further part in the engagement. Casualties, first day, eighteen men wounded and four taken prisoners; twenty-eight horses killed and six wounded; one gun-carriage rendered useless, two axles broken. Second day, one axle broken. Fired during engagement, 635 rounds of ammunition. Very' respectfully, your obedient servant, James A. Hall, Captain, Commanding Second Maine Battery. Col. C. S. Wainwright, Commanding Artillery Brigade, First Army Corps. — Rebellion Records, Series I, Vol. xxvii, p. 359. PARTICIPANTS. At the battle of Gettysburg the Second Maine Battery carried the names of one hundred and fifty officers and men on its rolls, thirty-five of whom were detailed from the Sixteenth Maine Infantry', two from the 13th Mass. Infantry, and two from the 97th New York Infantry, thus leaving but one hundred and eleven of its own men. The present for duty' (including three on daily duty and seven present sick) is made up from ninety-two names of the battery men proper, thirty-one from the Sixteenth Maine, two from the 13th Mass., and two from the 97th New York, a total of one hun- dred and twenty-seven. The six on detached service are all battery men, while the seventeen absent sick are made up of thirteen battery men and four from the Sixteenth Maine. A large portion of this detail from the Six- teenth Maine was later transferred permanently to the Fifth Maine Battery. 24 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Present for Duty. (including three on daily duty and seven present sick.) COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain, James A. Hall, Damariscotta. First Lieutenant, William N. Ulmer, Rockland. Second Lieutenant, Albert F. Thomas, Thomaston. Second Lieutenant, Benjamin F. Carr, Thomaston. SERGEANTS. John Montgomery, Boothbay, Austin Reed, Boothbay, Asia F. Arnold, Damariscotta, William A. Davis, Damariscotta, Charles E. Stubbs, New Gloucester, Anthony N. Greely, Rockland, Thomas E. Barry, Cape Elizabeth, Oscar Spear, Warren. CORPORALS. Nathan Batchelder, St. George, John W. Turner, Camden, Asbury Staples, Cape Elizabeth, Cyrus T. Parker, Windham, Franklin Tolman, Rockland, Cyrus N. Mills, Rockland, George F. Thomas, Rockland, Charles Allen, Rockland, James Ward, Philadelphia, Pa., Warren Ott, Camden, John Marsh, Portland. MUSICIANS. Alexander Burgess, Warren, Ezekiel F. Demuth, Thomaston. ARTIFICERS. Percy Montgomery, Rockland, Thomas G. Huntington, Richmond. PRIVATES. Achorn, Washington, Rockland, Barnard, Alvin, Waldoboro, Barrington, John, Rockland, Brackley, Orrin, Freeman, Burns, George W., Vinalhaven, Corhaulen, Cornelius, Camden, Davis, Alpheus S., Warren, Derby, Samuel, Rockland, Farrington, Jacob U., Rockland, Gardiner, Benjamin B., Rockland, Green, Alva F., Rockland, Harding, Samuel J., Camden, Hewitt, Anson, Rockland, Ingraham, Clarence, So. Thomaston, Jameson, Charles A., Rockland, Jones, Samuel E., Camden, Kellar, Moses J., Camden, Knowles, Joseph P., Rockland, McCollum, James D., Warren, Marsh, Robert N., Rockland, Meservey, Morrill J., Camden, Nichols, Henry, Thomaston, Orbeton, William N., Camden, Parks, George T., Damariscotta, Ames, Charles E., Damariscotta, Barnes, George E., Camden, Blackington, Leland, Camden, Bunker, George, Rockland, Colby, James, Fox Island, Crie, Reuben F., Matinicus Isle PI., Davis, Harrison H., Liberty, Fales, Abner A., Thomaston, Fletcher, Charles D., Camden, Greely, Almond, Rockland, Hall, Henry E., Matinicus Isle PL, Harrington, Thomas J., St. George, Hysom, George W., Jr., Bristol, Ingraham, Elbridge G. S., Camden, Jones, Charles, Athens, Kellar, John M., Rockland, Kirkpatrick, Benjamin, Rockland, Linnekin, Alonzo D., Warren, McDonald, Ambrose, Portland, Melvin, Hartwell, Camden, Nash, John B., Warren, Nutter, John F., Wellington, Ott, William H., Camden, Pinkham, Orrin G., Strong, hall’s battery participants. 25 Plaisted, Orin, Searsmont, Ray, Myron, Camden, Rhines, Isaiah, Damariscotta, Ripley, Frederick, Appleton, Snowdeal, Joseph, South Thomaston, Spaulding, Charles H., Rockland, Spaulding, Robert, Rockland, Thompson, James L., Rockland, Ulmer, Frank H., Rockland, Vining, James, Avon, Witham, Franklin P., Rockland, Wood, Jerome B., Rockland. Starrett, Augustus, Warren, Thorndike, Richard N., Camden, Ulmer, Frederick H., Rockland, Walsh, Spencer G., Rockland, Witham, Odbrey, Rockland, Detached Sixteenth Maine Men Present with the Battery. Allen, Lorenzo D., Canton, Baker, Amos, Hartland, Brann, Charles P., Gardiner, Brown, William, Newcastle, Christophers, Christopher, Washburn, Cross, Charles E., Waterville, Davis, Charles F., Gardiner, Gardiner, George W., Gardiner, Gray, Enoch P., Lovell, Hilton, Smith, Lewiston, Kingdon, John, Maysville, Leavitt, James, Patten, McCollum, John, Ellsworth, McGrath, Charles E., Brownfield, Murphy, Jeremiah, Augusta, Roberts, Matthew, Lewiston, Sawyer, John L., Passadumkeag, Spear, Nahum, Gardiner, Waterhouse, John W., Farmingdale. Dodge, Frank, Newcastle, Gowell, John B., Calais, Hathom, Charles, Veazie, Jennings, Rollin F., Leeds, Lane, Newman B., Augusta, Little, Arno, Vienna, McGinley, John, Biddeford, McKeen, John H., Patten, Priest, James S., Vassalboro, Savage, William K., Gardiner, Smith, Charles, Philadelphia, Pa., Turner, Henry, Rome, On Detached Service. Privates: Gleason, George R., Thomaston; Oliver, Joseph, Thomas- ton; in Hospital Dept. Art. Brigade. REVISED REPORT OF CASUALTIES. Sergeant: Thomas E. Barry, wounded July ist. Corporal: James Ward, Pennsylvania, wounded July ist. privates. Knowles, Joseph P., wounded July ist. Orbeton, William N., wounded July ist. Thorndike, Richard N., wounded July ist. Ulmer, Frederick H., killed July ist; reported missing or prisoner. Detached Men of Sixteenth Maine Regiment, Serving with the Battery, privates. Brann, Charles P., Co. B, wounded July ist. Hathom, Charles, Co. H, wounded July ist. McGinley, John, Co. H, wounded July ist. Smith, Charles, Pennsylvania, Co. D, wounded July ist. 26 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Note concerning the foregoing report of casualties. Captain Hall in his official report states that eighteen men were wounded. An explanation between his report and the above will be found in the fact that those who were wounded slightly returned to duty, and their names do not thus appear in the official reports subsequently returned to the adjutant general. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF SECOND MAINE BATTERY. COMPILED BY CHARLES HAMLIN FROM OFFICIAL AND OTHER SOURCES. This battery was raised at large, and was mustered into the United States service November 30, 1861, organized as follows : Captain: Davis Tillson, Rockland. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. James A. Hall, Damariscotta, Samuel Paine, Portland. SECOND LIEUTENANTS. Samuel Fessenden, Portland, William A. Perry, Rockland. William P. Simonton, Camden, William N. Ulmer, Rockland, Benjamin Kirkpatrick, Rockland, John Montgomery, Boothbay, SERGEANTS. Albert F. Thomas, Thomaston, Benjamin F. Carr, Thomaston, Homer Richmond, Warren, Charles D. Jones, Waldoboro. CORPORALS. William Brown, Deer Isle, Lewis L. Smith, Rockland, Monroe Durgin, Thomaston, Thomas E. Barry, Cape Elizabeth, Charles E. Stubbs, New Gloucester, Thatcher Burbank, Strong, Charles H. Gloyd, Thomaston, Charles L. Fletcher, Rockport, Calvin P. Lincoln, Searsmont, Asia F. Arnold, Damariscotta, Timothy F. Goudy, Bristol, Samuel Wier, Rockland. MUSICIANS. Alexander Burgess, Warren, Ezekiel F. Demuth, Thomaston. ARTIFICERS. William Russell, Camden, James E. Thorndike, Rockland, Percy Montgomery, Rockland, Anson Hewett, Rockland. James H. Seely, Strong, Wagoner: Isaac Young, Damariscotta. hall's battery historical sketch. 27 BATTLES. 1862. Cross Keys, June 8; Cedar Mountain, August 9; Rappahannock Station, August 21, 22, 23; Thoroughfare Gap, August 29; Second Bull Run, August 30; Chantilly, September 1; Fredericksburg, December 13. 1863. Chancellorsville, May 1-6; Gettysburg, July 1, 2, 3. 1864. Wilderness, May 6; Spotsylvania, May 10-17; North Anna, May 24, 25; Bethesda Church, June 1, 2, 3; Cold Harbor, June 12; Petersburg, June 17-30; July 30 (550 rounds this day). SKIRMISHES. 1862. Strasburg, June 1; Woodstock, June 2; Mount Jackson, June 4; New Market, June 5; Harrisburg, June 6; Port Republic, June 9. The battery was organized in the winter of 1861—62 ; the first squad being mustered at Augusta for three years, Novem- ber 30, 1861, and on December 14th and 28th others were mustered in ; and from that time to March 28, 1862, the ranks were being filled and the battery drilled by its captain. Later they went to Portland, where the battery remained stationed at Fort Preble until April 2d, when it left for Washington, and went into camp on Capitol Hill to prepare for active ser- vice in the field. April 22d Captain Tillson was promoted to Major of Maine Light Artillery, and assigned as chief of artillery to Ord’s (afterwards Ricketts’) division. He was succeeded by Captain Hall, who was promoted to the captaincy of the battery. April 25th the battery, equipped with six 3-inch ordnance guns, took up its line of march, and four days after arrived at Manassas. From thence it went to Front Royal, Cross Keys, and Port Republic in the Shenandoah Valley. Its first engage- ment was at Cross Keys. On June 1st the right and left sections of the battery were sent forward to report to General Bayard, then on the road to Strasburg. On the 16th the detached portion returned to Front Royal, after which the army fell back and the battery encamped at Manassas, where it remained until the 5th of July. On that day it took up its line of march and, passing through Buckland and New Balti- more, it arrived at Warrenton on the afternoon of the next day. On July 20th Lieutenant Fessenden was appointed aide- de-camp on the staff of General Tower. Three days after, the battery moved and went to Waterloo, where it remained 28 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. encamped until August 5th, when it went to Culpeper Court House. Four days after, the battery engaged the enemy five miles beyond Culpeper, at Cedar Mountain, for about half an hour and silenced their batteries. During this battle at Cedar Mountain the battery came up gallantly to the fire, and opened upon the flank of the rebel camp near morning. The principal engagement with the enemy here was in a midnight attack August 9th. The splendid service of the battery was evidenced the next morning by the enemy’s losses seen in front of its position. This was the beginning of the engagements with the enemy in the Pope campaign. On the fifteenth the battery moved from its encampment, at Cedar Mountain, and after marching eight or nine miles, went into camp on the plantation formerly owned by the rebel general Ewell. Two days later it marched to Mitchell’s Station, on the Rapidan River. The bridges across this river having been destroyed, the Battery proceeded to the Rappahannock River, where August 21st it engaged the enemy all day, holding its position until the twen- ty-third, when it was sent to guard a bridge which was burned by our army before its retreat. August 2 2d the battery was reinforced by thirteen recruits. These recuits were enlisted by Lieut. W. N. Ulmer, who was sent to Maine for that purpose. They were mustered at Augusta, August 16th, and sent to the front as fast as steam could take them. One of their survivors, R. Fred Crie, speaks thus of this incident: "We were wel- comed as 'raw recruits’ and provided with coffee and hard tack. Then each was assigned to his future place in the ranks, and given the best possible place for a night’s rest. You know by experience what the bed was and how far it was from the floor to the ceiling of our new apartment, as the only thing to be seen above us was the stars, and beneath us, mother earth. We had heard that a soldier’s duty was to obey orders and that we did. Before we had taken rations the next morning, the ' J ohnnies ’ sent their compliments over to us and we were not slow to reply ; and for a few hours the artillery duel went on, our loss being two horses killed.” The battery having proceeded to Thoroughfare Gap, it engaged the enemy on the twenty-ninth, having one piece dis- hall’s battery historical sketch. 29 abled. On the thirtieth it engaged the enemy on the old battle- field of Bull Run, where it took an active part. In this fight Lieut. Samuel Fessenden lost his life, two men were wounded and one missing — probably killed in action. Lieutenant Fes- senden, acting as aide-de-camp to General Tower, was mortally wounded the afternoon of August 30th, having his horse killed under him at the same instant, while in the advance of his command in immediate proximity to the enemy, and leading a regiment of his brigade under a murderous fire of musketry into close action, during one of the most critical and sanguinary periods of the disastrous engagements of that day. He died September 1st at Centreville. From an unpublished paper by Brevet Maj. A. B. Twitchell, v T ho was at the time mentioned connected with the Fifth Maine Battery (Leppien’s), we extract the following to show the desperate situation and hot work : “The Fifth Battery on the afternoon of August 30th followed Tower’s brigade towards Bald Hill and went into position some considerable dis- tance in rear and a little to the right of the hill, and the battery opened fire leisurely to get range of the enemy’s position. Very shortly we became aware of the seriousness of the engagement on our left and at Bald Hill; Tower’s troops seemed to be yielding; a battery that had been in position at the hill limbered up and went to the rear, and immediately thereafter Maj. Davis Tillson, Chief of Artillery, galloped up to our battery and gave the order: ‘Limber up and follow me!’ and we complied in hot haste. As we moved rapidly to the front he ordered us into position at Bald Hill, a little to the front and left of Tower’s troops. We succeeded in placing our guns in position and attempted to open fire, but it was an abortive attempt, as the Confederate infantry were already close upon us, firing as they advanced, shooting down our cannoneers and horses in a moment and tak- ing possession of our guns (all but one).” The next engagement was at Chantilly, September 1st, after which the battery was ordered to turn over its guns and horses to Capt. James Thompson, battery C, Penn, artillery, and proceed to Washington for a new outfit. Arriving in Washington on September 11th, the battery remained in the defenses of that city until October 13th, when it crossed over into Maryland and marched to Sharpsburg. During its stay in 'Washington, the battery received a new supply of guns, horses, and equipments, also a few recruits. It arrived at the front during the battle of Antietam, but did 30 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. not reach that battlefield in time to take part in the battle. Remaining at Sharpsburg about a week, it then moved again into Virginia, going into camp at Brook Station, November 23d, after having been on the move nearly four weeks. Here a detail of about thirty men from the Sixteenth Maine Regiment joined the battery, which by sickness and otherwise had lost a number of its men. These men proved to be of the best quality ; two of whom were killed and many wounded. After a year’s service with this battery the remnant of this detail was transferred permanently to the Fifth Maine Battery. On the 9th of December it took up the line of march in the movement upon Fredericksburg under General Burnside. It took its first position on the north side of the Rappahannock River under direction of Captain De Russy, U. S. A. On the night of the eleventh it fired a few shots at the enemy, and the next day crossed the river. On the following day, December 13th, on which the crisis of the battle of Fredericksburg took place, the battery was ordered into position at nine o’clock in the forenoon in a cornfield on the south side of the pike road, and on the left of General Gibbon’s division to support its left flank, where it opened fire upon a rebel battery, sixteen hundred yards diagonally on the right flank, which was playing on it, and which soon turned its fire in another direction. As the heavy mist which hung over the battlefield cleared away, Captain Hall found he was exposed to a cross-fire from a battery of the enemy, seven hundred yards directly on his left flank, which opened with a well-directed and rapid fire of solid shot, that was very galling. The battery maintained its position nearly thirty minutes, when, by order of General Gibbon, Captain Hall sent his caissons back across the road under cover ; not however until a limber chest of one of them was blown up. The guns were kept in position, firing only occa- sionally into the woods, until two o’clock in the afternoon, when the battery commenced shelling the woods in their front, where our infantry were about to advance. On the advance of General Gibbon’s line the battery was posted within two hundred yards of the woods, into which they directed a rapid hall’s battery historical sketch. 31 lire of shell, which was continued until Gibbon’s division fell back, retiring some distance in the rear. Captain Hall now discovered a body of the enemy advancing from the woods in front of his left, upon which at a distance of two hundred yards he opened with case shot and canister, cutting down men and colors, until his last round was expended, when he was obliged to retire. On the morning of the fourteenth the Battery took a position on the extreme left of the line assigned by General Reynolds’ chief of artillery. Late in the after- noon of the fifteenth it recrossed the river and took position on the heights, covering the bridge over which General Frank- lin’s troops were crossing. The casualties during the battle were two men killed, fourteen wounded ; twenty-five horses killed and six wounded. In this hard-fought and severe battle the survivors of this battery claim to have blown up one of the enemy’s caissons and to have completely silenced the bat- tery to which it belonged. The battery occupied, as will easily be seen, a most trying position. A charge was made by the enemy against the battery across the field from the woods at the foot of the heights in front of the battery. They came on with a determination to take the battery, but in this they were mistaken, though they succeeded in shooting the horses of the left gun of the left section ; but a counter charge by the infantry supporting the battery drove the enemy back and the gun was replaced in its former position. The battery expended 1,100 rounds of ammunition in this battle, which is known as the Fredericksburg campaign under Burnside. Under cover of the darkness during Monday night, the fif- teenth, it silently recrossed the river and not long after went into temporary winter quarters at Fletcher’s Chapel, where it drew a supply of horses to replace those killed in battle, and also received a detail of men from the 136th Pa. Regiment. The next movement was what is called "Burnside’s mud march.” The survivor before quoted says of this move : "No doubt we did our part of the growling, as we tried to keep from freezing during the storms by getting so near our camp fires as to scorch our clothes and curl our cap visors. Well, we got back into the camp and voted this move a failure.” 32 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. The battery sustained an untarnished reputation for promptness, discipline, and courage during all these campaigns. In the reorganization of the army of the Potomac under General Hooker, who had succeeded General Burnside, the battery was assigned to the Artillery Brigade of the First Corps. Col. C. S. Wainwright was chief of artillery of this corps commanded by General Reynolds. On the 3d of May it took part in the battle of Chancellors- ville, holding the extreme right of the lines of the army, and making a reconnoissance the next day with General Robinson towards Ely’s Ford, where they had a short but brisk fight. After the battle it went into camp near White Oak Church. On the 12th of June commenced the Pennsylvania cam- paign. Broke camp and marched northward, crossing the Potomac on the twenty-third and keeping in the advance until on the morning of July 1st it engaged the enemy about two miles beyond Gettysburg, on the westerly side of the town, in conjunction with the First Division of the First Army Corps. The march for that day had been so arranged that it was nearly two hours after it became engaged before other batteries arrived, during which time its guns were under a heavy fire of artillery, which they were gradually silencing when they were charged by the enemy’s infantry in column. This charge they repulsed, but their infantry support failing them they were left with their right flank exposed to the sharpshooters who had taken cover in a ravine, and were obliged to retire, when the rebel infantry rallied, and a hand-to-hand encounter took place over two of the guns, the combatants mingling together in their struggle for the prize. The guns were all brought safely off. Later in the day, being so reduced in men and horses, and the gun carriages having been smashed, but three pieces could be manoeuvred, which were the first placed in position in the graveyard on Cemetery Hill, sweeping the road leading up through the town where the enemy were advancing. On the second day they fought the enemy’s artillery from this position with great success. Near night of the second day the battery, having been relieved by another one, was ordered into the reserve, where it remained through the third day. hall’s battery historical sketch. 33 Returning to Virginia through Maryland, following General Lee’s retreat from Gettysburg, the Battery, August 2d, went into camp at Kelly’s Ford, where it remained until September 16th, then marching near to Culpeper and thence to the Rapi- dan River. Later in the fall the batter}' was ordered into Camp Barry, artillery depot, Washington, where it arrived on the 8th of November. Soon after the Gettysburg campaign Captain Hall, having- been promoted to Major of Maine Light Artillery, was placed in command of Camp Barry under Gen. A. P. Howe, an artil- lerist of the regular army and who had commanded previously a division in the Sixth Army Corps. Lieut. W. N. Ulmer, having been promoted to Captain in the meantime, resigned November 18th and Lieut. Albert F. Thomas became the Cap- tain of the battery. During the remainder of the year and until April 25, 1864, the battery remained at Camp Barry, recruiting and refitting for the field. Under the immediate command of Captain Thomas, seconded and aided by Major Hall, the battery was brought to a very creditable condition of drill and discipline. The battery having been assigned to the Ninth Army Corps, under General Burnside, left Camp Barry April 25, 1864, to join in the 1864 campaign of the Army of the Potomac under General Grant. On this last named day it marched to Alexandria, thence to Fairfax Court House, Bristoe Station, Warrenton Junction, and Bealeton Station, at which place it remained in camp until May 4th, when they marched to Germanna Ford, on the Rapidan River, crossing the river the next day and taking position on the south bank. May 6th it marched to the left about one mile and again went into posi- tion ; on the seventh, in compliance with orders, joined the division of the Ninth Corps on the Brock Road ; on the ninth, reached St. Mary’s bridge on the Ny River ; on the tenth and eleventh, engaged the enemy about four miles from Spot- sylvania Court House ; on the twelfth, participated in a severe engagement with the enemy, in which two guns were disabled, two men wounded, and one horse killed ; on the thirteenth, remained in position ; on the fourteenth, engaged the enemy for about three hours ; on the seventeenth, erected earthworks ; 34 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. on the eighteenth, again fought the enemy during the greater part of the day ; on the twenty-eighth, moved in the direction of the Pamunkey, which it crossed and encamped ; on the twenty-ninth, marched three miles toward the front and halted in line of battle ; and on the thirtieth marched and took posi- tion on the right. On June 1st the battery engaged the enemy about five miles south of the Pamunkey ; on the second, marched two miles to the right and went into position ; on the third, engaged the enemy at short intervals ; on the fifth, took position in a new line of battle then forming near Cold Harbor, remaining until the twelfth when the battery marched in the direction of the White House, on the Chickahominy, crossing the James River at Wilcox Landing on the fifteenth, and on the sixteenth marched towards Petersburg, encamping within three miles of the city ; on the seventeenth marched to the front and took position in the line of battle then forming in front of Petersburg ; on the twentieth changed position to relieve the 27th N. Y. Battery. The battery being relieved by the 11th Mass, on the fifth of July, moved on the sixth two miles to the rear and went into camp, remaining until the twenty-fourth, when its guns were ordered into position ; and on the twenty-sixth had a short engagement with the enemy. It remained in position in front of Petersburg at this time from July 24th to the 31st. At daylight on July 30th it opened fire on the enemy’s works, keeping up a brisk fire nearly all day and firing 550 rounds, — this being the occasion of the explosion of the mine. On September 17th the battery was ordered to report to Colonel Gates at City Point, Va., where it went into position in the fort on the left of the road leading to Petersburg, and where it remained until the 13th of October, when it moved about two miles to the front, occupying the outer defenses of City Point. This battery did not participate in any subsequent engagements. During Grant’s campaign Lieutenant Carr, one sergeant, and two privates were wounded at Spotsylvania; June 25th one man was killed and one wounded. Private Thomas F. Simpson was mortally wounded by a sharpshooter on June 30th. Six men were wounded and some horses were lost ROSTER OF SECOND MAINE BATTERY. 35 between June 25th and July 5th. Lieutenant Montgomery was discharged for disability June 18th, leaving the Battery with only two officers present for duty ; but on June 30th Ser- geant Reed was promoted and mustered Second Lieutenant. Lieutenant Perry was on the staff of General Tillson. On the 3d of May, 1865, orders were received to march for Alexandria via Fredericksburg and Fairfax. On the thirty- first of the same month the battery was further ordered to proceed to Augusta, Maine, where it arrived on the 6th of June, and was mustered out of service June 16, 1865. Lieut. Charles E. Stubbs was promoted Captain, succeed- ing Capt. Albert F. Thomas, who had resigned ; and Lieut. Anthony N. Greely commanded the battery after Lee’s sur- render until mustered out, Captain Stubbs in the meantime being absent on leave. Major Hall remained on duty at the artillery depot, Camp Barry, Washington, during the remainder of the war. His commission as Major bears date June 23, 1863. On Septem- ber 9, 1864, he was promoted Lieutenant-Colonel, and on March 7, 1865, he was breveted Brigadier-General. The last promotions in the battery were those of Anthony X. Greely, May 8, 1865, and Asia F. Arnold, May 24, 1865, to be First Lieutenants. ROSTER OF SECOND MAINE BATTERY. CAPTAINS. Date of Commission. c Name. Remarks. Nov. 29, 1861, Davis Tillson, j f promoted Major and Lieut.-Col. First Regt. Maine Mtd. Artillery [and Brig.-Gen’l of Vols. June 3, 1862, James A. Hall, j f promoted Major and Lieut.-Col. and brevet Brig.-Gen’l to date [ March 7, 1865. Aug. 15, 1863, William N. Ulmer, resigned Nov. 18, 1863. Dec. 1, 1863, Albert F. Thomas, discharged Jan. 22, 1865. Jan. 31, 1865, Charles E. Stubbs, mustered out June 16, 1865. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. Nov. 29, 1861, James A. Hall, promoted Captain. Nov. 30, 1861, Samuel Paine, resigned March 7, 1863. June 3, 1862, Samuel Fessenden, -j f died Sept. 1, 1862, of wounds L received in battle Aug. 30th. 36 Oct. 17, 1862, Mar. 26, 1863, Aug. 15, 1863, Dec. 1, 1863, Jan. 11, 1865, Jan. 31, 1865, May 8, 1865, May 24, 1865, Nov. 30, 1861, Nov. 29, 1861, June 3, 1862, Oct. 17, 1862, March 26, 1863, Aug. 15, 1863, Dec. 1, 1863, Jan. 25, 1864, Jan. 11, 1865, Jan. 31, 1865, MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. William A. Perry, William N. Ulmer, Albert F. Thomas, Benjamin F. Carr, Charles E. Stubbs, Austin Reed, Anthony N. Greely, Asia F. Arnold, . . t discharged May 13, 1865. promoted Captain, promoted Captain, discharged Feb. 7, 1865. promoted Captain, discharged May 1, 1865. mustered out June 16, 1865. mustered out June 16, 1865. SECOND LIEUTENANTS. Samuel Fessenden, William A. Perry, William N. Ulmer, Albert F. Thomas, Benjamin F. Carr, John Montgomery, Charles E. Stubbs, Austin Reed, Anthony N. Greely, Asia F. Arnold, promoted First Lieutenant, promoted First Lieutenant, promoted First Lieutenant, promoted First Lieutenant, promoted First Lieutenant, resigned July 18, 1864. promoted First Lieutenant, promoted First Lieutenant, promoted First Lieutenant, promoted First Lieutenant. SIXTEENTH MAINE REGIMENT. 37 MONUMENT. The monument of the Sixteenth Maine Regiment, a simple granite obelisk twenty-four feet high, stands on Seminary Ridge north of the Chambersburg Pike, on the ground where the regiment fought for nearly three hours in the afternoon before it was ordered up to the Mummasburg Road, and where it met with its principal loss in killed and wounded. Upon one face of the obelisk is the coat of arms of the State of Maine, upon another draped flags, and upon a third side the badge of the First Corps with this inscription: 16th Me. Inf’y. 1st Brig. 2d. Div. 1st Corps. July 1st, 1863 fought here FROM 1 O’CLOCK UNTIL 4 P. M. WHEN THE DIVISION WAS FORCED TO RETIRE, BY COMMAND OF GEN. ROBINSON TO COL. TILDEN THE REGIMENT WAS MOVED TO THE RIGHT, NEAR THE MUMMAS- BURG ROAD, AS INDICATED BY A MARKER THERE, WITH ORDERS "TO HOLD THE POSITION AT ANY COST.” July 2d & 3d in position with THE DIVISION ON CEMETERY HILL Casualties. Killed 2 Officers, 9 Men Wounded 8 “ 54 “ Captured 11 “ 148 “ Strength of Regiment 25 Officers, 250 Men. SIXTEENTH MAINE REGIMENT. FIRST BRIGADE, SECOND DIVISION, FIRST ARMY CORPS, AT THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. F ROM 10 to 11.30 o’clock on the forenoon of this first day of July, while Hall’s Second Maine Battery was having its perilous experience at its position north of the Chambers- burg Pike, the battle was sustained by Wadsworth’s division alone. Meredith’s brigade, extending between the Hagerstown Road and the Chambersburg Pike, had succeeded in worsting the Confederate brigade of General Archer, which had utterly failed to establish itself on the eastern bank of Willoughby Run, capturing Archer with part of his command. North of the Chambersburg Pike the fortunes of the forenoon had been less favorable. Hall’s battery had been left unsupported and in great peril by the breaking of the line which should have held back Davis’ Confederate brigade. But prompt action had checked Davis and re-established the Union line, so that at 11.30 Wadsworth’s men were still holding the line which they had received from Buford in the morning. At this hour the two other divisions of the First Corps, under Generals Rowley and Robinson, arrived from Emmits- burg. General Rowley’s men were distributed to strengthen the line already formed. General Robinson’s division took position in reserve around the seminary, fortifying itself with hastily-dug trenches. With this division, in General Paul’s brigade, was the Sixteenth Maine Regiment, under Col. Charles W. Tilden. Men and officers, the regiment numbered about two hundred and seventy-five, remaining with the colors, of one thousand strong who left Maine on the 19th of August, 1862. In the preceding campaigns of the army of the Potomac the regiment had seen arduous service ; but it had never made a march so difficult as the march up to Gettysburg. From White Oak Church, in Virginia, whence it had moved SIXTEENTH REGIMENT ENGAGED. 39 on the 12th of June, the regiment had marched by way of Bealeton Station, Bristoe Station, and Centreville Heights to Middletown, Md., where it was assigned to picket duty on the afternoon of June 27th. The army was hurrying north- ward in pursuit of Lee. On the afternoon of the twenty-eighth the Sixteenth was ordered on the hardest forced march they had ever made. As the column pressed northward through the long hours of a damp and foggy night, many of the men became so exhausted that they would fall to the ground the instant the word was given for a brief halt. At about 2 a. m. of the twenty-ninth it reached Frederick City, where it rejoined the brigade. Resuming the forced march at 5 o’clock a. m., it pushed on all day, passing through Emmitsburg at 6 p. M., and camped near the town. Every man knew that some great action was pending. As they had moved northward rumors came through every mountain gap that in the valley beyond Lee was marching towards Harrisburg and the north. In twenty-five hours the regiment had marched forty miles, encumbered with all the arms and accoutrements of the sol- dier, and over muddy roads crowded with the columns of the division. More fortunate than several other Maine regiments which moved in the forced marches of the great concentration at Gettysburg, the Sixteenth was allowed a breathing space before plunging into battle. Encamping at Emmitsburg dur- ing the night of June 29th, it marched on the next morning only two miles to Marsh Run on the road to Gettysburg. There it encamped during the day and night of June 30th. On the morning of July 1st the regiment marched towards Gettysburg. Arriving at the seminary, which is upon a slight ridge, the Sixteenth occupied the oak-covered campus and there threw up breast works about west-southwest. Reynolds had been killed and Doubleday was in charge of the field at that front ; three-fourths of a mile westward, down by the banks of Willoughby Run, the men of Wadsworth’s and Rowley’s divisions were engaged with the Confederates of Heth’s division. At the same time heavy Confederate rein- forcements were moving down by the northern roads, changing all the conditions of the battle and forcing the commander of 40 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. the First Corps to summon all his reserves to the front. About 1 o’clock p. m. the Sixteenth received the order to o-o into battle. © At this time the conditions of the battle had changed greatly from what they were when studied last in connection with the exploits of the Second Maine Battery. The First Corps had been reinforced by the Eleventh Corps under General Howard, who had assumed command of the field by right of seniority. But the Confederates had at the same time received still heavier reinforcements, which were appearing not only from the west- ward along the Chambersburg Pike, but also from the north. Along the Mummasburg and Harrisburg roads the heads of columns of Ewell’s corps, which had been recalled in haste from Harrisburg, were approaching, threatening the First Corps line in right flank and rear. The Eleventh Corps were hurried into position between the Mummasburg Road and the Harrisburg Road to meet Ewell’s men, while the First Corps continued to face Hill on the west, its line extending from the Hagerstown Road across the Chambersburg Pike to the Mum- masburg Road. The extreme right of this line was formed by Baxter’s brigade of Robinson’s division, which had been taken from the reserve at the seminary. Baxter had formed on the right of Cutler’s men, who were fighting like heroes in nearly the same place where they had met their reverse of the morn- ing. Baxter was at once actively engaged with the right of Rodes’ division of Ewell’s corps. Soon it became necessary to relieve him, and Paul’s brigade, which was still in reserve at the seminary, was sent. The Sixteenth, with the brigade, responded to the order at once. The regiment moved towards the northwest, over the ridge upon which the seminary stands, and, going about a quarter of a mile, advanced on the west side of the ridge in full view of the enemy. It was about one o’clock. The regiment at once deployed, its left facing nearly west while its right was swerved to meet a fire from a Confederate battery posted on Oak Hill to the northwest. The two hundred and seventy-five officers and men of the Sixteenth extended a battle line about four hundred and fifty feet, and were at once made the target of a deadly fire from the enemy. The Colonel’s horse was shot SIXTEENTH REGIMENT ENGAGED. 41 from under him, Captain Whitehouse of Company K was killed instantly, Captain Waldron of Company I was wounded, and the rank and file suffered severely. For three hours, as nearly as hours could be measured in such a conflict (a) , this battle was maintained with the superior forces which the Confederate General Rodes launched against this portion of the First Corps line. Finally a bayonet charge, gallantly par- ticipated in by the Sixteenth, cleared the Confederates from the immediate front of this part of the line. This success was merely incidental and temporary, however. The battle of the afternoon had been going sadly against the 16,500 men of the First and Eleventh corps, who were con- tending against at least 25,000 Confederates ; and about half- past three o’clock the Eleventh Corps line was broken and swept back to the town in disorder. This fatal disaster left the rear of the First Corps line exposed ; and that portion of it north of the Chambersburg Pike was in immediate jeopardy. Paul’s brigade, being upon the extreme right of this line, was most exposed to the overwhelming assaults launched by Ewell upon the staggering remnant of the First Corps. Already the First Corps had prolonged its gallant resistance beyond the limit of prudence ; and it could be saved from destruction only by heroic sacrifices. It fell to the lot of the Sixteenth Maine to make one of these sacrifices. In the last moments of the defense an aide of General Robinson rode up to the regiment bearing an order for it to move to the right along the ridge and take position by the Mummasburg Road. Immediately General Robinson himself rode up and repeated the order. The Sixteenth Maine was to advance alone when brigades and divisions, even two army corps, were retiring ! Colonel Tilden stated to General Robinson the strength of the enemy and expressed the opinion, which was the opinion of every beholder, that it would be impossible to hold the position. "Take the position and hold it at any cost,” was the answer of (a) This is the length of time recorded on the monument. It corre- sponds with General Tilden’s recollection. Maj. S. C. Belcher judged the time to be two hours ai\d a half. The reports of general officers show that neither of these estimates is far out of the way. 42 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. General Robinson (a). "You know what that means,” was the comment of the Maine Colonel as he turned to his brother officers and gave the command to move forward. It was at the crisis of this battle of July 1st when the Six- teenth Maine advanced. The lines of the First Corps, until now held with desperate tenacity, were crumbling before the crushing weight of superior numbers. Brigades were shrink- ing into regiments and regiments were withering into compa- nies. It was an hour when bands of brave men did heroic things which have been obscured in history by the turmoils and confusion of the general agony of the army (b) . MARKER OF SIXTEENTH MAINE REGIMENT. A massive granite marker, designating the final position of the Six- teenth Maine Regiment, stands near the Mummasburg Road and bears the following inscription: Position Held July 1, 1863, at 4 o’clock p. m., by the 16th Maine Ineantry, 1st Brig. 2nd Div. 1st Corps, AVHILE THE REST OF THE DIVISION WAS RETIRING, THE REGIMENT HAVING MOVED FROM THE POSITION AT THE LEFT WHERE ITS MONUMENT STANDS, UNDER ORDERS TO HOLD THIS POSITION AT ANY COST. It LOST ON THIS FIELD, KILLED 11, WOUNDED 62, CAPTURED 159 OUT OF 275 ENGAGED. (a) The exact expression of General Robinson in giving this remark- able order was “at any cost,” as is well remembered by General Tilden, who received it. (b) General Paul, commander of the brigade, was shot through both eyes, so no adequate report of the part of his brigade was ever made. Neither the division commander nor the corps commander mentioned this action of the Sixteenth. SIXTEENTH REGIMENT ENGAGED. 43 It was about four o’clock in the afternoon when the Six- teenth Maine was ordered to advance (a). It obeyed at once, and took position in line of battle facing the Mummasburg Road. On the left and rear of its position the long lines of Hill’s brigades, so often repulsed during the day, were advanc- ing for their final and successful effort, reinforced by the fresh one of Ramseur. And as the soldiers of the Sixteenth anx- iously scanned the low ground which stretches for a mile north and east of the Mummasburg Road, they saw a heavy column of Ewell’s infantry move across their front to deploy against them. But when they turned from the spectacle of the hosts advancing against them and looked anxiously to the rear, whence support and encouragement should be expected, they saw only the retiring columns of their companions in arms. It is remembered to the lasting glory of the officers and enlisted men of the Sixteenth that in this bitter moment not one of them wavered. The two Confederate lines were approaching steadily, that from the west cutting off their line of retreat, that from the north and east about to strike them in front. The volleys of the little regiment detained Ewell’s line not long. In a short time, perhaps twenty minutes — no one measured time then — the enemy were upon them in irresistible force. As Ewell’s line came within close range, the regiment retired gradually along the ridge until it reached the railroad cut and grade. In this last stand the Sixteenth’s forlorn hope ended with a deed worthy of remembrance among the gallant deeds crowded so thickly into this day of battle. The two long lines of gray were closing upon the handful of men from Maine. The anni- hilation of the regiment as an organization seemed inevitable and immediate. Yet in that moment of the most trying expe- rience that can come to any soldiers, the men of the Sixteenth performed an act which may convey to this generation some of the spirit animating the volunteers who repelled Lee’s invasion of 1863. The two flags of the regiment, the stars and stripes (a) General Robinson says in his report that his division withdrew about five o’clock. General Meade, in his report, says that General How- ard, who commanded the field in the afternoon, gave the order for the First Corps to retire about four o’clock. 44 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. and the flag of Maine, the old pine tree on the golden shield in the field of blue, were taken from their staves, torn into pieces and secreted about the persons of the officers and men. These fragments were carried through Southern prisons and finally home to Maine, where they are still treasured as pre- cious relics more than a quarter of a century after Gettysburg. The two Confederate battle lines, closing together, struck the regiment simultaneously. Ewell’s men appeared upon the north side of the cut and Hill’s upon the south side so nearly at the same time that both lines, with levelled muskets, claimed the prisoners. Colonel Tilden fell to Ewell’s share (a). In all, twelve officers and ninety-two enlisted men, nearly the entire regi- ment as it had survived the day, were captured. A few men, thirty-five in all, and four officers succeeded in evading the Confederates and made their way to the rest of the army on Cemetery Hill (b). The thin lines of the weaiy soldiers of the First Corps had already filed off the field which they had contested so long and so gallantly, and where they had left nearly four thousand of their comrades dead or wounded. Of the two hundred and seventy-five men and officers who com- posed the Sixteenth Maine in the morning, less than forty represented the regiment in the ranks of the First Corps on Cemetery Hill, where it was arrayed in line of battle in the evening. This remnant of the regiment was in action July 2d under command of Capt. Daniel Marston. In the movements on this day, one officer and seven enlisted men were wounded. July 4th Major A. D. Leavitt succeeded in rejoining the regiment and it was afterwards led back to Virginia by Lieut. - Col. A. B. Farnham, who was absent sick during the battle (c). (a) A tall skirmisher from Alabama, seeing Colonel Tilden standing with his sword drawn, drew up his musket and, at a distance of not over one hundred feet, shouted: “Throw down that sword or I will blow your brains out.” Sticking his sword into the ground, Colonel Tilden passed to the rear, a prisoner. He was taken South to Libby Prison and there became one of the daring band who escaped through the famous tunnel. (b) Thirty-six men of this Regiment, previously detailed into the Second Maine Battery, served with that battery this day. (c) The Sixteenth Maine is among the “three hundred fighting regi- ments” enumerated by Fox in his statistics of Regimental Losses in the Civil War. Those were the regiments that during their term of service suffered a loss of killed in battle or died from wounds of 130 or more. SIXTEENTH REGIMENT POSITIONS 45 SUCCESSIVE POSITIONS OF Ifc™ MAINE INFY. JULY Ut. )8fc5. ■mb It'TH Maine. BSi Union Troow. bbteh Confederates Mile Scale. X X X- X llrawn by C. K. Tilden. 46 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. INCIDENTS OF THE BATTLE AND REMARKS THEREON BY ADJUTANT ABNER R. SMALL, LATE MAJOR OF THE SIXTEENTH MAINE REGIMENT. By command of General Robinson, the First Brigade hastily threw up a redoubt of earth and fence rails, in a circular form, just in front of the seminary. About one o’clock rang out the command : "Fall in ! Forward Sixteenth ! ” "Good-by, Adju- tant, this is my last fight,” cried Captain Whitehouse. He turned, repeated the command to his company, and I never saw him afterward. We double-quicked to the right, and took position behind a rail fence, in a piece of woods and nearly parallel with the Chambersburg Pike, and were at once engaged with the enemy, who were also in rear of a fence and some two hundred yards distant. Corporal Yeaton, of the color guard, was the first man killed. While cautioning his men to keep cool and aim low, Captain Waldron, of Company I, was struck, a ball entering just back of the jugular vein and penetrating to the lung. Colonel Tilden, the only mounted regimental officer in the brigade, had his horse shot from under him. Now came the order to charge bayonets. Color-sergeant Mower was the first to jump the fence, and the regiment followed with a ring- ing cheer, and in the face of a galling fire went double-quick, scattering the rebel line pell-mell to the rear into the woods. Our boys would have followed them, but were recalled, and moved with the division still further to the right, fighting until overpowered by numbers pressing upon our right flank. Now two frowning war clouds were rolling upon the First Corps with thunders and lightnings. Shot and shell opened great gaps ; musket balls cut like comb-teeth ; and victorious rebel cheers gave irresistible impetus to their charging columns. When our whole force was falling back it was necessary to save as much of the Second Division as possible. General Robinson rode up to Colonel Tilden. "Advance and hold that hill at any cost,” was the order of the Division commander. "Boys, you know what that means,” shouted Colonel Tilden. SIXTEENTH REGIMENT INCIDENTS. 47 It meant the saving of the rest of the division. It meant death to many, and a captivity worse than death to the survivors of that little band of already exhausted troops, forced by an imperative order to the foot of a sacrificial altar. There was no thought of wavering, but with compressed lips and tense nerves these manly boys silently obeyed their loved commander. They looked to him for inspiration ; they prayed to God for support, as they received the command : "About face ! Forward Sixteenth ! ” The regiment advanced, took position behind the stone wall, and broke the right wing to the right, parallel to the Mummasburg Road, the color company holding the apex, — -the identical spot where the 88th Penn, have since placed a tablet. They held the position bravely against fearful odds. Every moment was precious to the retiring division, more than precious to the troops going into position on Cemetery Hill. The deep, hoarse growl of the battle storm grew into a lion-like roar. The rebels fired upon us from all sides, — from behind the wall, from the fences, from the Mummasburg Road. They swarmed down upon us, they engulfed us, and swept away the last semblance of organization which marked us as a separate command. To fight longer was useless, was wicked. For this little battalion of heroes, hemmed in by thousands of rebels, there was no succor, no hope. Summoned to surrender, Colonel Tilden plunged his sword into the ground and broke it short off at the hilt, and directed the destruction of the colors. A rebel officer sprang to seize the flag, when the men, once more and for the last time, closed around the priceless emblems, and in a moment of fury rent the staves in twain and threw the pieces at the officer’s feet. Eager hands from every direction seized the banners and tore them piece by piece beyond reclaim or recognition, — -but now to be held doubly dear. To-day, all over Maine, can be found in albums and frames and breast- pocket-books gold stars and shreds of silk, cherished mementos of that heroic and awful hour. And so the Sixteenth Maine was the last regiment that left the extreme front on the 1st of July, — if four officers and thirty-six men can be called a regiment. 48 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. What if the enemy took our swords, seized our guns, and confiscated our persons with whatever they bore? They left our honor untarnished and in our hearts a consciousness of duty faithfully done, too dearly testified by the bleeding and broken forms stretched upon the crimson field. The contest was almost absurd in its great one-sided press- ure. We were crushed as between the upper and nether mill- stones of fate, but not humiliated. General Robinson’s order made of the Sixteenth Maine a forlorn hope, as it were. The irresistible force of circumstances dashed the hope to atoms, but not until after the Second Division of the First Army Corps was saved. On the 2d of July, Ewell occupied the town, posting his line within half a mile of the cemetery. General Newton, assigned to command of the First Corps, placed it in reserve in rear of the cemetery, and within thirty minutes’ march of any part of the Union line. Early in the morning the brigade was reorganized, Col. Richard Coulter commanding, with Adjt. A. R. Small detailed as acting Assistant Adjutant-General. The regiment under Captain Marston changed position from time to time as ordered, and with the brigade was ordered to the left centre of our general line late in the afternoon (a). While it was moving by the right flank past General Meade’s headquarters, a rebel shell exploded in the regiment, severely wounding Lieut. Fred H. Beecher and seven enlisted men. Moving eight hundred yards, the command was given, ''By the right flank ! March ! ” and in line of battle the brigade dashed on through the smoke, over the bowlders, but only to find that the enemy had already been driven back. In terrible suspense, on the 3d of July, moments crept by until one o’clock, when the stillness of the air was suddenly broken by a signal gun. Instantly one hundred and fifty guns were discharged as if by electricity, answered on the Union side by about one hundred more, and tons of metal parted the air, which closed with a roar, making acres of earth groan and tremble. The hills and the huge bowlders take up the sound (a) Colonel Coulter, commanding the brigade on July 2d, speaks of this move- ment as occurring “ about seven o’clock in the evening.” Fide his Official Report Rebellion Records, Serial No. 43, p. 294. SIXTEENTH REGIMENT THIRD DAY. 49 and hurl it back, to add its broken tones to the long roll of sound that strikes upon ears thirty miles away. For two hours the air was filled with a horrible concordance of sounds. The air, thick with sulphurous vapor and smoke, through which came the sharp cry of agony, the hoarse command, and the screaming shell, almost suffocated those supporting the bat- teries. Guns are dismounted and rest their metallic weight upon quivering flesh. Caissons explode, and wheels and boxes strew the ground in every direction. Horses by the score are blown down by the terrible hurricane and lie moaning in agony almost human in its expression. One battery at our immediate front lost forty horses in twenty minutes. In the vicinity of Meade’s headquarters shells exploded at the rate of sixty per minute. Solid shot would strike the ground in front, cover a battalion with sand and dirt, ricochet, and demon-like go plunging through the ranks of massed men in the rear. For a mile or more a lurid flame of fire streams out over the heads of our men in long jets, as if to follow the tons of metal thrown through the murky air, which parts to receive it and shudders as if tortured by screaming furies. Our artillery ammunition was reduced to a few rounds, and there came a signal from Little Round Top that the enemy was rapidly massing for a charge behind the dense smoke which afforded them a screen. Notwithstanding our infantry would become more exposed if our batteries were silent, the order was issued and the firing ceased. The rebels jumped at con- clusions and sent up a wild yell. We had heard it too often to lose heart or courage ; but nerves were at their extreme tension as we watched the splendid lines of Confederate infantry which stretched in our front, as if for parade ; and a second and yet in the rear a third debouch from the woods into view. Such a sight is given only once in a life-time, and once seen never to be forgotten. Pickett’s division leads the front on the right with Pettigrew’s on the left. In their rear moved Anderson’s and Trimble’s commands ; the right was covered by Perry and Wilcox, and the left by McGowan and Thomas. Down the slope into the valley they come ; and now it is our turn, and from the black muzzles of more than eighty cannon pour round 50 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. shot, spherical case and canister, in an incessant torrent which cuts great swaths of living grain. Men go down by scores, but others fill the gaps, and the undaunted tide sweeps on in perfect order fairly across the Emmitsburg Road, when from behind the stone-wall the Union line pours in a shower of hiss- ing bullets, carrying death and destruction to those brave but mistaken men. They go down like jackstraws ; they lie in windrows. With a desperation born of madness, they force their way through a shower of leaden hail. Hot with passion born of war, stained and blinded with blood, the living fail to see the terrible harvest of death in their rear, and, utterly reck- less of personal results, they press on and on, and with a yell of victory plant their tattered flags of rebellion upon the Union stone- wall. They turn to beckon on the next line. The next line ! Where is it ? Exultation is drowned in despair and defeat, for from both flanks the Union boys are giving a deadly fire, while shot and shell enfilade their rear. Thousands fall to the ground and hold up their hands in token of surrender, and others flee through the storm of bullets, shell and canister that reaches the Emmitsburg Road. A brave man can but pity the victims of such a terrible disappointment. Looking down upon all this, I could see, shorn of all wordy description, simply a square mile of tophet. The remnant of the Sixteenth is sadly depressed. The loved colonel on his way to Richmond, to the prison-pens of the South ; our valued surgeon, Alexander, wounded and a prisoner ; all the line officers but four either killed, wounded, or missing, and a fearful list of casualties among the men. We thought of the brave fellows started on a pilgrimage worse than death. There is said to lie a time in every man’s life when he learns to cry. I believe many of us graduated in this accomplishment that night. While we were in the slough of despond, and trying to assist as skirmishers in the front line, Major Leavitt joined the regiment and assumed command at ten o’clock p. m. The heavy rain pressing down our spirits could not dampen our joy at his coming. From "Benny” Worth, who escaped from the enemy’s hands, we learned that Corporal Bradford with others rendered SIXTEENTH REGIMENT PARTICIPANTS. 51 timely aid to many of the wounded inside the rebel lines. He found Captain Lowell, of Company D, where he fell mortally wounded, a short distance from the Mummasburg Road and near the stone- wall. Although conscious, he was speechless. He was carried to a vacant room in the seminary on the first floor. Before Bradford could find a surgeon, he with others was marched to the rear some two miles. PARTICIPANTS. FIELD, STAFF AND NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Colonel, commanding, Charles W. Tilden, Castine. Major, Arch D. Leavitt, Turner (commanding on and after evening of July 4th). Acting Major, Capt. Samuel Clifford Belcher, Farmington. Captain, Daniel Marston, Phillips, commanding July 2d-4th. Adjutant, Abner R. Small, Waterville (Acting Assistant Adjutant-General of brigade from morning of July 2d). Quartermaster, Isaac N. Tucker, Gardiner. Surgeon, Charles Alexander, Farmington. Assistant Surgeon, Joseph B. Baxter, Gorham (at brigade hospital). Assistant Surgeon, William W. Eaton, Brunswick. Chaplain, George Bullen, Skowhegan. Acting Sergeant-major, Cherbury F. Lothrop, Chesterville. Color Sergeant, Wilbur F. Mower, Greene (National flag). Color Corporal, Sampson A. Thomas, Turner (State flag). Quartermaster Sergeant, George W. Brown, Augusta. Commissary Sergeant, Charles H. Parlin, Skowhegan. Ordnance Sergeant, James P. Hamblen, Limington. Hospital Steward, Joseph B. Dow, Farmington. Company A. Captain, Isaac A. Pennell, New Portland. First Lieutenant, Nathan Fowler, Skowhegan. Second Lieutenant, Nathaniel W. Coston, Athens. SERGEANTS. Daniel A. Spearin, Blanchard, James S. Parsons, Lexington, Winslow A. Morrill, Patten. CORPORALS. John W. Watson, New Portland, Aretas H. West, New Portland, Henry E. Dexter, Vienna, Bray Wilkins, Fairfield, Phineas McCollar, Madison, Clement C. Williams, New Portland. PRIVATES. Achom, Jacob, Rockland, Brackett, Hiram, Detroit, 52 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Butts, Isaac H., New Portland, Chamberlain, Stephen A., Mayfield, Cook, Moses W., West Waterville, Furbish, Jairus H., Lexington, Gould, George H., Lexington, Holbrook, Abel C., Embden, Kealiher, John D., Moose River PI. Morrill, Hiram A., New Portland, Piper, Thomas B., Blanchard, Thompson, John F., New Portland, Carvill, Benjamin, New Portland, Clark, Henry R., Solon, Fuller, Horatio G., New Portland, Goodwin, Lyman O., Detroit, Hackett, Alden T., Patten, Hurd, Joel B., Harmony, Knowles, Freeman T., Skowhegan, Murch, Albert J., Starks, Reed, William H., Stetson, Whitcomb, Tilston T., Concord. On Detached Service: Levi Berry, Embden, hospital nurse; George A. Downing, Skowhegan, ambulance corps; Edward P. Snow, Skowhegan, hospital nurse; John Young, New Portland, division wagoner. Company B. Captain, Eleazer W. Atwood, Gardiner. First Lieutenant, Fred H. Beecher, Gardiner. Second Lieutenant, Melvin C. Wadsworth, Pittston. SERGEANTS. Leander L. Taylor, Gardiner, Charles E. Deering, Gardiner, Reuben M. Farrington, China, Gustavus Moore, Gardiner. CORPORALS. Augustus W. McCausland, Gardiner, Charles O. Wadsworth, Gardiner. PRIVATES. Atkins, Alonzo C., Manchester, Britt, James, Augusta, Bruce, William W., Augusta, Chenery, George W., Gardiner, Ewer, Henry A., Vassalboro, Huntington, William H., Gardiner, Palmer, Ambrose H., Winslow, Phillips, Joseph P., Augusta, Pooler, Joseph, Waterville, Pullen, Elias, Winthrop, Robie, John G., Litchfield, Smith, Charles D., Gardiner, Strong, George F., Gardiner, Thayer, Adin B., Waterville, Welch, Joseph W., Gardiner, Austin, Henry D., Augusta, Brookings, Edmund J., Farmingdale, Campbell, Hiram W., Manchester, Doyle, Thomas, Augusta, Hooker, George H., Gardiner, Maury, Joseph, Waterville, Phillips, Charles M., Augusta, Palmer, John, Winslow, Plummer, Evarts P., Augusta, Richardson, Joseph W., Turner, Robinson, William H., Gardiner, Smith, Thomas E., Gardiner, Tallow, Martin, Waterville, Webber, Samuel L., Richmond, Welch, Warren E., Gardiner. Musician: Wesley Webber, Gardiner. On Detached Service: Sergeant George H. Stone, Farmingdale, ambulance corps; Albert H. Norcross, Augusta, quartermaster dept.; George F. Wentworth, Gardiner, quartermaster dept. SIXTEENTH REGIMENT PARTICIPANTS. 53 Company C. Captain, Daniel Marston, Phillips. First Lieutenant, Marshall S. Smith, East Livermore. Second Lieutenant, George D. Bisbee, Peru. SERGEANTS. Charles M. Adams, Wilton, Henry D. Fisk, Presque Isle, Edwin C. Jones, Fayette, John M. Keene, Phillips, George H. Farnham, Wilton, Robinson Fairbanks, Sharon, Adams, George G. B., Wilton, Bascomb, Thomas A., Wilton, Blanchard, Charles M., Phillips, Brown, Rice, Vienna, Butterfield, Martin, Mapleton, Chandler, Alphonso L., Mapleton, Grindle, Madison J., Maysville, Lufkin, Loren, Phillips, Newton, Abraham, Canton, Reed, Elias, Wilton, Sharp, Henry A., Lyndon, Tuttle, John, Freeman, William Farnham, Wilton, Charles C. Small, Wilton. CORPORALS. William N. Yeaton, Farmington, Dorillus Hobbs, East Livermore, Francis A. Crane, Fayette, Charles F. Soule, Mapleton. PRIVATES. Bartlett, Nathan, Jr., Livermore, Blackwell, William T., Jay, Brown, Orville, East Livermore, Butterfield, Henry J., Bethel, Chaney, Farwell, Wilton, Davis, Colamore P., Freeman, Hinds, David H., East Livermore, Moulton, Joel D., Phillips, Phinney, Archibald, Washburn, Ridley, James, East Livermore, Stratton, Albion W., Washburn, Witham, Sidney T. , Chesterville. MUSICIANS. Hartson W. McKenney, Phillips, James A. Barrows, Peru, John B. Hall, Washburn. On Detached Service: Calvin Beals, East Livermore, cattle guard; Alburn C. King, Dixfield, cattle guard; Thomas S. Hopkins, Mt. Vernon, Adjutant’s clerk; Israel S. Lovell, Fremont Plantation, ambulance corps; Winthrop A. Rowe, Phillips, Orderly, regimental headquarters; John H. Stickney, Phillips, cattle guard. Company D. Captain, Oliver H. Lowell, Gorham. First Lieutenant, Samuel H. Plummer, Waterford. Second Lieutenant, William H. Broughton, Portland. sergeants. John M. Webster, Waterford, William F. Lombard, Peru, Joseph H. Hamilton, North Yarmouth. CORPORALS. Sanford M. Reed, Mexico, Benjamin F. Fuller, Brunswick, Laforest Kimball, Waterford, Charles H. Putnam, Bethel. 54 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Adams, Hosea, Stoneham, Bailey, Edwin, Lovell, Bancroft, Columbus, Litchfield, Bowie, Edwin R., Portland, Downey, John, Windsor, Nova Scotia, Foster, John F., Gray, Lane, Nelson A., Poland, Plummer, Charles, Waterford, Rider, Charles D., North Yarmouth, Small, William H., Dixfield, Stevens, Charles H., Waterford, Townsend, Horatio G., Newfield, Warren, Jonathan, Lovell, Wood, Isaac W., Waterford. Andrews, Henry F., Lovell, Bean, Peter T., Bethel, Butters, Timothy, Waterford, Conture, Charles, Quebec, Dunnells, Joseph, Newfield, Gray, Samuel, Jr., Stoneham, Park, Silas H., Dixfield, Richards, Prentiss M., Roxbury, Roberts, Albert W., Falmouth, Smith, Charles, Philadelphia, Pa., Stone, Moody R., Waterford, Twitchell, Fordyce P., Bethel, Whitman, Gilbert M., Woodstock, MUSICIANS. George P. Hall, Bethel, Cyrus L. J. Cook, Madrid, Charles A. Locke, Bethel. On Detached Service: Stephen Coffin, Lovell, hospital nurse; Abel H. Harriman, Lovell, regimental headquarters’ guard; Edward E. Hayes, Mexico, division teamster; Erastus Hayes, Mexico, division teamster; Oliver H. McKeen, Waterford, wagoner. Company E. Captain, William A. Stevens, Waterville. First Lieutenant, Lincoln K. Plummer, Jefferson, Second Lieutenant, Aubrey Leavitt, Turner. sergeants. Edwin C. Stevens, Waterville, Jones Whitman, Turner, Warren Seaward, Vassalboro, Joseph G. Lamb, Leeds, Martin B. Soule, Waterville. CORPORALS. William Ballantine, Waterville, Consider F. Blaisdell, Jay, Octavius H. Tubbs, Hebron, Harrison Merchant, Weld. Sampson A. Thomas, Turner, color bearer (State flag). PRIVATES. Abbott, Charles, Newport, Bradford, Luther, Turner, Foster, William G., Pittsfield, Harmond, George C., Turner, Knight, Joseph F., Newport, Lyon, Charles C., Newport, Monk, Isaac J., Turner, Pulcifer, Alexander W., Weld, Tibbetts, Andrew J., Newport, Webber, Gustavus V., Vassalboro, Winship, Charles P., Turner, Bates, William T., Waterville, Fales, Curtis V., Turner, George, Francis, Leeds, Hoyt, Stephen A., Vassalboro, Lyford, James M., Waterville, Mills, Albion B., Vassalboro, Priest, Hiram T., Vassalboro, Thomas, David S., Carthage, Trask, Ezra W., Belgrade, Webber, Virgil H., Vassalboro, Worth, Benjamin F., Vassalboro. Musician: Benjamin W. Johnson, Jay. On Detached Service: Sergeant Robert C. Brann, Vassalboro, pioneer corps; Asel A. Littlefield, Belgrade, ambulance corps; Daniel A. SIXTEENTH REGIMENT PARTICIPANTS. 55 Soule, Waterville, Brigade commissary dept. ; Granville Richmond, Leeds, brigade commissary dept.; Mark Towle, Newport, guard at regimental headquarters; Roscoe B. Townsend, Jay, teamster Division train; Francis Worth, Vassalboro, ambulance corps; Otis Wood, Jr., Turner, wagoner. Company F. Captain, Thomas F. Wentworth, Gorham. First Lieutenant, George A. Deering, Saco. Second Lieutenant, Daniel L. Warren, Standish. SERGEANTS. Charles W. Ross, Biddeford, John McPhee, Gorham. CORPORALS. Edward L. Varney, Brunswick, William Cannell, Gorham, William Manchester, Jr., Standish. PRIVATES. Andrews, Abram S., Gorham, Blair, Samuel, Gorham, Burnham, George R., Hollis, Follett, William A., Scarboro, Harding, John F., Dover, N. H., Hodgdon, Abram B., Hollis, Leavitt, Frank J., Buxton, Palmer, George, Saco, Powers, Albert, Windham, Rhodes, Frank, Dayton, Smith, George W., Saco, Tarbox, Frank L., Hollis, Tibbetts, Sheldron H., Saco. Musician: Barker, Levi D., Sweden, Brocklebank, Nathan C., Bridgton, Fenderson, Benjamin, Saco, Greene, Joseph, Saco, Harmon, Alpheus S., Standish, Johnson, Albion, Gorham, March, John D., Bridgton, Pierce, Charles R., Wareham, Mass., Reynolds, Charles, Saco, Seavey, Charles L., Saco, Smith, Melville B., Hollis, Thorpe, David H., Saco, Henry C. Crockett, Westbrook. On Detached Service: Sergeant James P. Hamblen, Limington, ordnance sergeant; Larkin E. Barker, Bridgton, hospital guard; John M. Burnham, Parsonsfield, cattle guard; Royal L. Cleaves, Bridgton, nurse in hospital; Aaron Cross, Bridgton, guard brigade headquarters; Thomas J. Dorset, Standish, division teamster; William F. Green, Gorham, divis- ion teamster; Granville B. Jordan, Sweden, guard regimental head- quarters; Lorenzo D. Libby, Windham, division teamster; William R. Loud, Denmark, ambulance corps; Eugene Savage, Anson, hospital guard; Gideon M. Tucker, Standish, wagoner. Company G. Capt. Samuel Clifford Belcher, Farmington, acting Major; Second Lieutenant, Isaac H. Thompson, Anson, commanding Company. sergeants. Thomas H. B. Lenfest, Palmyra, John H. Frain, Madison, Byron D. Babcock, Palmyra, Joseph R. Ricker, Chesterville, Joseph P. Austin, Skowhegan. 56 MAINE AX GETTYSBURG. Corporal: Gorham Lord, Detroit. PRIVATES. Blunt, David F., Skowhegan, Crocker, Sylvester, Strong, Cross, Josiah W., Detroit, Fairbrother, Frank, Palmyra, Gibbs, Thomas A., Skowhegan, Hodgkins, Jacob T., New Sharon, Mace, John W., Farmington, Moore, Levi M., New Sharon, Prince, Edward M., New Sharon, Quint, George R., Anson, Snow, Daniel B., Skowhegan, Williamson, Boardman, New Share Works, Lewis, New Sharon. Chamberlain, William H., Skowhegan, Crocker, Abner, Strong, Emery, Luke, Anson, Famham, Samuel T., Palmyra, Gleason, Sumner A., Farmington, Lake, John W., New Vineyard, Merrow, John E., Skowhegan, Neal, Andrew, New Sharon, Pullen, Harrison, Anson, Quint, William F., Anson, Wade, Gardner B., Farmington, i, Wilson, Edward, Skowhegan, On Detached Service: First Lieut. Joseph H. Malbon, Skowhe- gan, commanding ambulance corps; Elisha G. Baker, New Sharon, wagoner. Company H. Captain, John D. Conley, Bangor. Second Lieutenant, James U. Childs, Farmington. SERGEANTS. John McDonald, Calais, Lewis C. Richards, Limerick, Frank Wiggin, Limestone Plantation, George H. Fisher, Winterport. Joel S. Stevens, Frankfort, Charles L. Favour, Limerick, William Fennelly, Mt. Desert. Atkins, Charles R., Pittsfield, Chick, Winfield S., Thorndike, Day, Calvin, Cprnish, Dyer, George F., Biddeford, George, Timothy A., Holden, Gregory, Amasa, Montville, Hayes, Charles J., Limerick, Middleton, Thomas, Ellsworth, O’Connor, Patrick, Tremont, Patten, Jacob M., Pittsfield, Pierce, James S., Limerick, Pugsley, Francis, Scarboro, Rich, Tyler F., Tremont, Smith, William H., Portland, Wilson, George W., Parsonsfield, CORPORALS. Nelson Hewey, Veazie, Thomas D. Witherly, Bangor, PRIVATES. Bean, Dudley B., Passadumkeag, Clement, Samuel H., Winterport, Dearborn, George F., Monson, Foss, James C., Winterport, Goodwin, Charles, Cornish, Hagan, John, Calais, Lonely, Danforth, Mapleton, Neal, Adam J., Waite Plantation, Patten, George W.. Pittsfield, Phillips, David, Pittsfield, Potts, Thomas, Biddeford, Redding, George F., Calais, Rupert, Moses J., Passadumkeag, Whitten, Martin L., Etna, Yeaton, James P., Waite Plantation. Musician: Samuel R. Garey, Limerick. On Detached Service: William L. Moore, Princeton, cattle guard ; Joseph Simpson, Corinth, cattle guard. SIXTEENTH REGIMENT PARTICIPANTS. 57 Company I. Captain, William H. Waldron, Lewiston. First Lieutenant, Lewis C. Bisbee, Canton. sergeants. Zelotes Rowe, Lisbon, Jabez P. Parker, Greene. Hosea D. Manley, Auburn, George B. Haskell, Webster, John S. Brown, Augusta. Allen, William, Presque Isle, Anderson, George W., Byron, Blake, Isaac A., Lisbon, Churchill, Charles C., Buckfield, Estes, Jeremiah, Durham, Flugil, George B., Monmouth, Garcelon, Benjamin F., Webster, Gould, Thomas J., Lisbon, Howard, Elias, Manchester, Hutchins, George A., Canton, Littlefield, Thomas C., Hallowell, Patten, Lora S., Greene, Piper, George T., Turner, Small, Daniel, Lisbon, Shurtleff, William D., Turner, Wilbur F. Mower, Greene, color bearer. CORPORALS George D. Marston, Auburn, William Davis, Durham, privates. Anderson, Charles R., Lewiston, Batchelder, William H., Wilton, Briggs, Arannah, Greene, Davis, Robert, Gardiner, Farris, Freeman H., Turner, Frost, George W., Greene, Gilbert, Roscoe, Greene, Holmes, Stewart, Turner, Howland, Enoch, Topsham, Jordan, Ephraim L., Webster, Mower, Eugene S., Greene, Peabody, Samuel, Canton, Powers, Roderick, Presque Isle, Stover, Oliver, Webster, Vose, Sabastian S., Lewiston. On Detached Service : Second Lieut. Charles A. Garcelon, Lewis- ton, commanding brigade ambulance corp ; Charles W. Allen, Livermore, brigade commissary dept. ; Henry Hackett, Durham, ambulance corps ; William W. Marston, Buckfield, division teamster ; Dennis Sullivan, Port- land, cattle guard ; Charles H. Young, Peru, guard at corps headquarters. Company K. Captain, Stephen C. Whitehouse, Newcastle. First Lieutenant, Joseph O. Lord, Biddeford. Second Lieutenant, Edward F. Davies, Castine. sergeants. Wilmot H. Chapman, Nobleboro, Atwood Fitch, Bristol, Joseph B. Varnum, Castine, Walter Dunbar, Nobleboro, Francis C. Mayo, Bluehill. corporals. Reuel W. Higgins, Deer Isle, John J. Blodgett, Castine, Albert C. Stevens, Bluehill, Charles A. Devereux, Penobscot, Frank Devereux, Castine, Charles T. Choate, Bluehill. 58 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Allen. Charles P., Brooklin, Bickford, Isaac B., Pittsfield, Bowden, Lorenzo D., Castine, Cunningham, Edward, Jefferson, Hatch, Mark E., Castine, Gregory, Lambert, Bluehill, Morgrage, Andrew J., Castine, Peacock, Joseph, Bluehill, Savage, Hiram, Washington, Wescott, Henry D., Castine, PRIVATES. Bickford, Elisha F., Castine, Bowden, Frank M., Castine, Butler, Henry B., Castine, Dow, Reuben A., Brooklin, Joyce, Moses S., Deer Isle, Marks, James B., Sedgwick, Page, Ira, Sedgwick, Sanborn, Alonzo B., Brooklin, Spaulding, Daniel, Pittsfield, Wilson, Thomas J., Sedgwick. On Detached Service: Seth K. Chase, Bluehill, guard brigade headquarters; Daniel Coligan, Washington, division teamster; Daniel M. Curtis, Deer Isle, ambulance corps; Francis M. Widens, Bluehill, cattle guard; Walter J. Widens, Bluehill, guard at corps headquarters. Note to foregohuj list of participants. It will be observed that the list above given presents a total of one hundred more men and six more officers than the num- bers given respectively in the inscription on the monuments. It is to be said in regard to the officers that those of the field and staff were inadvertently omitted in making up the account for the inscription, attention being drawn to the com- panies and the officers of the line more than to the field and staff. Adding the latter, not including Lieut. -Col. Augustus B. Farnham absent sick, the accounts agree precisely. With regard to the discrepancy in the two reports of men present, it is to be said that the numbers given in the inscrip- tion are those reporting present for duty at the last roll-call before the battle. It is certain that men came up to the regi- ment while it was in its first position, before its engagement. There can be little doubt that others came up in like manner at some time during the three days of the battle. It is quite pos- sible that there may be some named on this list who were not able to get up, and consequently were not engaged in the fight- ing. But it is believed to be more nearly just to run the risk of including in this list some who were not in the battle than to leave off some because there is no other proof of their being present than the presumption from their well-known soldierly and manly character. SIXTEENTH REGIMENT CASUALTIES. 59 REVISED REPORT OF CASUALTIES. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel Charles W. Tilden, prisoner. Captain and Acting Major Samuel Clifford Belcher, prisoner. Surgeon Charles Alexander, wounded and prisoner; paroled. Assistant Surgeon William W. Eaton, prisoner; paroled. Acdng Sergeant-Major Cherbury F. Lothrop, prisoner; paroled. Company A. Captain Isaac A. Pennell, wounded. SERGEANTS. Daniel A. Spearin, wounded. Winslow A. Morrill, mortally wounded. Bray Wilkins, prisoner. CORPORALS. Clement C. Williams, prisoner. Carville, Benjamin, prisoner. Cook, Moses W., wounded. Fuller, Horatio G., prisoner. Goodwin, Lyman O., prisoner. Holbrook, Abel C., wounded. Murch, Albert J., prisoner. Thompson, John F., wounded. PRIVATES. Clark, Henry R., wounded. Downing, George A., prisoner. Furbish, Jairus H., prisoner. Gould, George H., prisoner. Hurd, Joel B., wounded. Piper, Thomas B., missing; never heard from, probably killed. Company B. Captain Eleazer W. Atwood, prisoner. First Lieutenant Fred H. Beecher, wounded July 2d. Second Lieutenant Melvin C. Wadsworth, prisoner. sergeants. Charles E. Deering, prisoner. Gustavus Moore, prisoner. Corporal A. W. McCausland, wounded. Austin, Henry D., missing. Ewer, Henry A., wounded. Palmer, John, prisoner; paroled. Robinson, William H., wounded and prisoner. PRIVATES. Bruce, William W., missing. Huntington, William H., killed, Phillips, Charles M., wounded. Thayer, Adin B., missing. Company C. Second Lieutenant George D. Bisbee, prisoner. Sergeant Charles N. Adams, prisoner. CORPORALS. Francis A. Crane, George H. Farnham, wounded. bfykflfe : d neVerheard fr ° m since ' prob ‘ John M. Keene, prisoner; paroled. 60 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Dorillus Hobbs, pris’r; died in prison. William N. Yeaton, killed. PRIVATES. Bartlett, Nathan, Jr., Blackwell, William T., prisoner; died in prison. prisoner; paroled. Brown, Orville, wounded. Butterfield, HenryJ., killed. Butterfield, Martin, prisoner; paroled. Chaney, Farwell, prisoner; paroled. Chandler, Alphonso L., Davis, Colamore P., pris’r; escaped. prisoner; escaped. Newton, Abraham, prisoner. Hinds, David H., wounded. Stratton, Albion W., wounded. Reed, Elias, wounded. Company D. Captain Oliver H. Lowell, killed. First Lieutenant Samuel H. Plummer, wounded. Sergeant John M. Webster, prisoner. CORPORALS. Benjamin F. Fuller, wounded. Laforest Kimball, wounded. Charles H. Putnam, Sanford M. Reed, missing, prisoner ; died in prison. PRIVATES. Adams, Hosea, wounded ; prisoner ; died in prison. Bean, Peter T., prisoner. Foster, John F., missing ; not heard from, probably killed. Park, Silas A., killed. Rider, Charles D., wounded. Smith, Charles, wounded. Twitchell, Fordyce P., prisoner. Bancroft, Columbus, killed. Downey, John, missing ; not heard from, probably killed. Gray, Jr., Samuel, killed. Richards, Prentiss M., prisoner. Roberts, Albert W., prisoner. Stevens, Charles H., missing ; not heard from, probably killed. Company E. Captain William A. Stevens, wounded, prisoner ; paroled. Second Lieutenant Aubrey Leavitt, wounded. SERGEANTS. Martin B. Soule, wounded. Luther Bradford, prisoner. Edwin C. Stevens, prisoner. Joseph G. Lamb, prisoner. CORPORALS. Consider F. Blaisdell, prisoner. Harrison Merchant, pris’er; paroled. Octavius H. Tubbs, prisoner. PRIVATES. Abbott, Charles, prisoner. Fales, Curtis T., prisoner. Hammond, George C., pris’r; paroled. Lyford, James M., prisoner. Mills, Albion B., wounded. Priest, Hiram T., killed. Tibbetts, Andrew J., prisoner. Webber, Virgil H., killed. Bates, William T., killed. Foster, William G., wounded. Hoyt, Stephen A., prisoner. Lyon, Charles C., wounded. Monk, Isaac J., prisoner; paroled. Thomas, David S., prisoner; paroled. Webber, Gustavus V., wounded. Winship, Charles P., wounded. SIXTEENTH REGIMENT CASUALTIES. 61 Company F. Captain Thomas F. Wentworth, prisoner. First Lieutenant George A. Deering, prisoner. Charles W. Ross, prisoner. William Cannell, killed. Andrews, Abram S., prisoner. Burnham, George R., wounded. Greene, Joseph, prisoner. Palmer, George, wounded. Smith, George W., prisoner. SERGEANTS. John McPhee, prisoner. CORPORALS. Edward L. Varney, prisoner. PRIVATES. Barker, Levi D., prisoner. Fenderson, Benjamin, wounded. Harding, John F., prisoner. Powers, Albert, prisoner. Tibbetts, Sheldon H., wounded, Company G. Sergeant Byron D. Babcock, wounded and prisoner. Corporal Gorham Lord, prisoner. PRIVATES. Emery, Luke, prisoner. Fairbrother, Frank, killed. Farnham, Samuel T., prisoner. Gibbs, Thomas A., prisoner. Hodgkins, Jacob T., wounded, pris’r. Pullen, Harrison, killed. Quint, George R., wounded. Quint, William F., prisoner. Snow, Daniel B., prisoner. Wade, Gardiner B., prisoner. Williamson, Boardman, wounded. Works, Lewis, prisoner; paroled. Company H. Second Lieutenant James U. Childs, prisoner. Corporal Charles L. Favour, wounded. PRIVATES. Chick, Winfield S., wounded. Clement, Samuel H., prisoner. Day, Calvin, killed. Hayes, Charles J., missing. Neal, Adam J., wounded. Redding, George F., prisoner; died in prison. Company I. Captain William H. Waldron, wounded. First Lieutenant Lewis C. Bisbee, wounded and prisoner. Sergeant Zelotes Rowe, prisoner; died in prison. CORPORALS. John S. Brown, pris’r; died in prison. William Davis, wounded. Hosea D. Manley, missing. George D. Marston, killed or died of wounds. PRIVATES. Anderson, George W., missing. Blake, Isaac A., killed. Estes, Jeremiah, prisoner. Garcelon, Benjamin F., prisoner. Patten, Lora S., missing. Stover, Oliver, pris’r; died in prison. Batchelder, William H., wounded. Davis, Robert, wounded. Farris, Freeman H., wounded. Holmes, Stewart, missing. Piper, George S., missing. 62 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Company K. Captain Stephen C. Whitehouse, killed. SERGEANTS. Francis C. Mayo, prisoner. Joseph B. Varnum, prisoner. CORPORALS. Charles T. Choate, prisoner. Frank Devereaux, killed. Charles A. Devereaux, wounded. Albert C. Stevens, wounded. Bickford, Elisha F., killed. Bowden, Frank M., killed. Cunningham, Edward, prisoner. Marks, James B., prisoner. Sanborn, Alonzo B., wounded. Wescott, Henry B., prisoner. PRIVATES. Bickford, Isaac B., prisoner. Butler, Henry B., prisoner. Low, Reuben A., wounded. Morgrage, Andrew J., prisoner. Savage, Hiram, killed. Wilson, Thomas J., prisoner. Note on the foregoing report of casualties. The foregoing list shows the following totals : Killed: officers, 2; men, 19; total, 21. Wounded: offi- cers, 8; men, 45; total, 53. Prisoners and missing : officers, 9; men, 88; total, 97. Missing, never heard from : 5 men. Total loss, 176. Seven of the wounded were captured. This differs widely from the inscription upon the monu- ment and official report of casualties made shortly after the battle. The latter gives the losses as follows : Killed, 9 ; wounded, 59 ; captured, 164. Total loss, 232. This discrepancy is partly explained by the following con- siderations : 1. The official report was based naturally on the results of the roll-call of the regiment after the disaster of the day on the evening of July 1st. It is undoubted that many then properly reported as prisoners or missing contrived to escape or find their way back on the next and following days ; and probable that many who were both wounded and captured were originally placed in both lists. 2. As to the discrepancies in the lists of killed and wounded, it is to be said that many at first reported wounded proved to be mortally wounded, and when these died soon after, they are now properly placed on the lists of the killed, and deducted, of course, from the wounded. SIXTEENTH REGIMENT CASUALTIES. 63 3. There is a considerable number hitherto borne on the rolls of the Adjutant-General of Maine, and also of the Adju- tant-General of the U. S. Army, as missing in action, who were seen in the line of battle bearing themselves bravely, but not accounted for at its close. Some in the above list who were so seen and who have never been heard from since, now thirty-three years, have been placed above in a separate list, and several others are almost as clearly entitled to be so dis- criminated. In truth, these might properly and with a high degree of probable truth be borne on the lists of the killed. We cannot refrain from expressing the feeling that such a rule should be applied by authority of Congress to all cases of faithful and honorable record where men seen in their place in a disastrous battle of our war for the Union, and never heard from again, should no longer have their honorable title clouded by so ambiguous a final report as "missing.” ADDRESS OF GENERAL CHAMBERLAIN. General Chamberlain’s response to the toast " Gettysburg ” at a banquet in honor of the Sixteenth Maine Infantry and the Fifth Battery at the city of Gardiner. Comrades of the Sixteenth and of the Fifth Battery: It is an honor to be held worthy of your remembrance on an occasion like this. The reason of it is to be found in your own generous hearts. Something there may be in the suggestion that the flag of the Sixteenth in the field was finally furled within my own lines. In the closing days of our service, when all those varied experiences grouped under the wide and deep word, casualties, ” together with the gradual expiration of terms of enlistment, brought men of the same state nearer and nearer together, it happened that the men of the Sixteenth left in the field (as had been those of the Second and the Sharpshooters) were consolidated with those of my old regiment, the Twentieth, and so were mustered out of the service in the division of which I was the commanding officer. I have evidence of my ability at that time to recognize merit in that I, forthwith upon the opportu- nity, invited one of your gallant field officers to a place on my staff (a). (a) Major Abuer R. Small. 64 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Another thing which perhaps gives me footing here is that queer “back action ” attraction by which “extremes meet.” This is often from deep, underlying likeness, and not apparent antagonism. Here it is like service in opposite extremes of position. You were at one post of peril and respon- sibility; I was at another, the most remote from you in place, but so similar in circumstance, that I can understand and appreciate all your experience. With you, on the first day, the army put her right foot forward; with us, on the second, she put her left foot forward. She changed steps, but she stood. You have given me a great theme. It is large enough to occupy our minds as many days as it held us, body and soul, breasting that tidal wave of July, 1863. I have not now, for this, so many minutes at my disposal. I pass it with a glance. Gettysburg was a great battle; — its action, its tension, its hazards, its consequences. In it were involved questions of gravest import, the decision of which makes history; interests social, political, moral, personal; of gravest import for ourselves, for others, for our Country, for man every- where; — for the present time, and for the future, for which also we hold a trust. The pressing question before us was whether we had a Country; whether we were a people, or only a populace; whether we were a mere chance partnership holding only by human will, or a Nation, constituted in the purpose and calling of Divine Providence, bound together for the noblest ends of living by ties of mutual interest and honor, — bonds both of love and of law. All the great ruling sentiments which have their vital source in this idea, — patriotism, loyalty, self-devotion for the sake of others, — nay, what we consider the supreme of earthly blessings, — largest scope for individual life, endowments, powers, genius, character, — these were the prize for which we wrestled in that terrible arena. More than this. Involved here, too, were widest human interests. We fought for the worth of manhood; for law and liberty, which mean freedom for every man to make the most of himself, with good-will of all others, without oppression or depression. We had a deep, inward vision of this at the time, though unspoken and perhaps unclear; but no man even now can realize in thought, or recognize in fact, all the reach of good coming forth out of that struggle and that victory for the Country and for mankind. But I must leave that line of thought with you. Looked at in its outward aspect, this battle will be a great example in military history, — a study in military science; — the strong features of the ground affording great variety of offensive and defensive measures, of grand and minor tactics, in a sudden and unplanned great battle; not without exemplification, too, of the tactics of the moral forces and the desperate strategy of sacrifice. In its inward aspect, example, also, of the value of character in the stress and strain of battle, where mature experience and intelligent comprehension have enforced the lesson that manly fortitude, heroic valor, and pride of honor must be organized into the habit of disci- pline and unquestioning obedience, without which all generalship is vain. But this thought, also, leading so far and so deep, I must leave for you to finish. Many have claimed the honor of selecting the final standing-ground of our great defense. To this sudden change of position, some participants were “accessory before the fact,” and some “after the fact.” But if there SIXTEENTH REGIMENT CHAMBERLAIN’S ADDRESS. 65 was any selection here, it was a very “natural selection.” Whether, in every instance, it led to the “survival of the fittest,” there may be some question. The manner of its occupancy is not suggestive of deliberate pre- meditation, but our people certainly may be said to have chosen this ground and promptly taken it, in decided preference to matters and things they had found at the further front. But who, let me ask, made it possible to select this ground but the men who on that first of July, all day long, held Lee’s advance at bay, until our scattered corps could come up by forced marches and take advantage of the field ? Who but John Buford with his cavalry, and Reynolds with his First Corps, — you of his infantry and artillery, — with masterly skill, stub- born courage, and unexampled devotion, wrought that marvelous opening by which it was Meade, and not Lee, who secured that heart of hills made awful in memory and immortal in history ? That magnificent fighting of the First Corps, I do not know where it was ever surpassed! But my theme grows intense as it narrows and nears. I know how you of the Fifth Battery, after holding your salient angle at the front until it was an island in the raging sea of foes, galloped straight through their envel- oping masses, through embarrassing masses of fugitives as well, and with your brazen throats calling a halt to the astonished enemy thinking to sweep away our right flank, where for a sublime moment you alone gave check to the battle tide. I know what you men of the Sixteenth did, when your General of Division, seeing that it must be a stricken field, and that he must save what he could of his command by the last resort of falling back with his main body while a few should hold the fighting front, and that this could be done only by men who would make a stand equal in every test of character to the desperate charge of a “forlorn hope,” calling to Colonel Tilden, said: “Take that hill and hold it at any cost!” I know how you stood, and where, and when, and at what cost! Your General knew what men you were. You knew perfectly well what your service was to be. It is a terrible duty, but a glorious honor. You saw what was coming, front and left and right. You saw the last of the Union army leave the field. You saw the blades of the great shears coming down and down, and closing in and in- and you knew they must meet, and cut and crush all that was between. But you stood; you fought it out to the last and “at any cost” indeed. Environed, enveloped, crushed, overwhelmed, — as truly heroic, as much to be held in highest honor and dearest memory, as if you had died at your posts, every man of you! Some such example as yours, the great Apostle must have had in mind when he exhorts his followers to ‘ ‘ put on the whole armor of God, that ye may be able to withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to sta?id.” So many of you were captured, — not because you were placed in a false position, with flank unguarded and rear cut off; not because you were not well handled; not because you were “caught napping” or “cooking coffee”; but because you would not yield your post, though disaster and death swirled and swept around and over you. Your colors, it was said, were lost. That word came to me when, on the morning of the second, I reached the crest far to the rear of that where 66 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. you had stood; and I felt a shock, but not of shame. For I knew something terrible must have befallen, and that there could have been no dishonor where you were. But when I came to know the truth of it all, I saw that instead of your colors being lost, they were eternally saved! Not laid down, but lifted up; not captured nor surrendered, but translated, — the shadow lost in substance! The flag, — it is the symbol of the Country’s honor, power, law, and life. It is the ensign of loyalty, the bond of brother- hood for those who stand under it; a token and an inspiration. Hence it is held sacred by the soldier; as in great moments it is also by the citizen. All which that flag symbolized you had illustrated and impersonated; had absorbed into your thoughts and hearts — if I should not rather say, itself had absorbed your thoughts and hearts, — your service and suffering into its own deeper meaning and dearer honor. Now it had done all a symbol could do; you had stood for all it stood for. Now the supreme moment had come. Noth- ing could be averted; nothing could be resisted; nothing could be escaped. That was an awful moment; passing that of death, it seems to me. Then the soul is born anew. No thought of yielding up the token of the Country’s honor enters the heart of any one of you, though it has fulfilled its ends; though you are to go to prison and to death. Your Colonel, calm and dauntless, — commander still, — bids you break the staff that had borne it aloft, and tear that symbol single as your souls into as many pieces as you had bosoms, and shelter them with your lives, lest that flag be touched by hostile hand, or triumphed over by living man! And they went with you to prison. And these bars and stars next your hearts helped you to endure those other bars, besetting you because you were true; helped you to look up to those other stars, where we dream all is serene and safe and free. [Here the long repressed feelings of the hearers broke into wildest demon- stration, in the midst of which a member of the regiment arose and took from his breast pocket a star of the old flag, at which the assembly lost all control of itself; and the General continued.] Yes, and through this tumult of cheers and tears, I see that you hold them still to your hearts, precious beyond words, radiant with the glory of service and suffering nobly borne; potent to transmit to other souls the power that has made them glorious! Lost? There is a way of losing that is finding. When soul overmasters sense; when the noble and divine self overcomes the lower self; when duty and honor and love, — immortal things, — bid the mortal perish! It is only when a man supremely gives that he supremely finds. That was your sacrifice; that is your reward. HISTORICAL SKETCH. BY LIEUTENANT FRANCIS WIGGIN. The Sixteenth Regiment of Infantry for three years’ service was authorized by a call from the War Department of May 21 , 1862 , for the enrolment of fifty thousand troops to be drilled and held in reserve, to be drawn upon as needed. At that SIXTEENTH REGIMENT HISTORICAL SKETCH. 67 time it was supposed by those in authority, and by people gen- erally, that the six hundred thousand soldiers in the field would be amply sufficient for the putting down of the Rebellion. The seven days’ battles in the vicinity of Richmond, and the falling back of McClellan’s army to Harrison Landing, undeceived the country as to the magnitude of the task on hand, and a call for three hundred thousand additional troops was issued, the fifty thousand under the call of May 21st being included in the latter call. Although recruiting for the regiment commenced in May, it was not till August 13th that the complement was full. The regiment on that date consisted of 960 enlisted men and 39 commissioned officers. The organization was as follows : FIELD, STAFF, AND NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Colonel, Asa W. Wildes, Skowhegan. Lieutenant-Colonel, Charles W. Tilden, Castine. Major, Augustus B. Farnham, Bangor. Adjutant, Abner R. Small, Waterville. Quartermaster, Isaac N. Tucker, Gardiner. Surgeon, Charles Alexander, Farmington. Assistant Surgeon, Joseph B. Baxter, Gorham. Chaplain, George Bullen, Skowhegan. Sergeant-Major, Francis A. Wildes, Skowhegan. Quartermaster-Sergeant, George W. Brown, Augusta. Commissary-Sergeant, Charles H. Parlin, Skowhegan. Hospital Steward, William W. Eaton, Brunswick. Drum-Major, William H. Palmer, Calais. COMPANY OFFICERS. Co. A. Captain, Charles A. Williams, Skowhegan. First Lieutenant, S. Forrest Robinson, Skowhegan. Second Lieutenant, Isaac A. Pennell, New Portland. Co. B. Captain, Charles K. Hutchins, Augusta. First Lieutenant, Eleazer W. Atwood, Gardiner. Second Lieutenant, George W. Edwards, Gorham. Co. C. Captain, Daniel Marston, Phillips. First Lieutenant, Hovey C. Austin, Presque Isle. Second Lieutenant, Marshall S. Smith, East Livermore. Co. D. Captain, Moses W. Rand, Waterford. First Lieutenant, Humphrey E. Eustis, Dixfield. Second Lieutenant, Henry P. Herrick, North Yarmouth. Co. E. Captain, Arch D. Leavitt, Turner. First Lieutenant, William E. Brooks, Skowhegan. Second Lieutenant, William A. Stevens, Waterville. 68 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Co. F. Captain, Thomas E. Wentworth, Gorham. First Lieutenant, Oliver H. Lowell, Gorham. Second Lieutenant, George A. Deering, Saco. Co. G. Captain, S. Clifford Belcher, Farmington. First Lieutenant, Joseph H. Malbon, Skowhegan. Second Lieutenant, Isaac H. Thompson, Anson. Co. H. Captain, John Ayer, Bangor. First Lieutenant, Ira S. Libby, Limerick. Second Lieutenant, Israel H. Washburn, Orono. Co. I. Captain, William H. Waldron, Lewiston. First Lieutenant, William Bray, Turner. Second Lieutenant, Charles A. Garcelon, Lewiston. Co. K. Captain, Stephen C. Whitehouse, Newcastle. First Lieutenant, Augustus T. Somerby, Ellsworth. Second Lieutenant, Augustus C. Peters, Bluehill. Company A was raised in Somerset and Kennebec counties ; Company B in Kennebec county ; Company C in Franklin and Oxford counties ; Company D in Oxford and Cumberland counties ; Company E in Androscoggin, Kennebec, and Penob- scot counties ; Company F in York and Cumberland counties ; Company G in Somerset and Franklin counties ; Company H in Waldo and Penobscot counties ; Company I in Kennebec and Androscoggin counties ; Company K in Hancock and Lin- coln counties ; and men from all parts of the state were scat- tered throughout the companies. The regiment was mustered into United States service at Augusta, August 14, 1862. August 19th it started for Wash- ington, where it arrived on the 21st, and on the 22d it marched across Lons; Bridge to Ar! burton Heights. Here the several companies were distributed among the forts on the Heights, for the purpose of being drilled in heavy artillery practice, under the instruction of the officers and sergeants of the 14th Mass. Three weeks were spent here, and the men were fast acquir- ing the bearing and skill of soldiers, when the defeat of General Pope’s army at the Second Bull Run battle, and the invasion of Maryland by General Lee, called every available regiment to the field. On September 6th at eleven p.m. came the order to rendezvous at Fort Tillinghast, leaving tents, knapsacks and overcoats behind, whence we took up the march towards the South Mountain in Maryland, under command of Colonel SIXTEENTH REGIMENT HISTORICAL SKETCH. 69 Wildes, who shortly afterward gave over the command to Lieutenant-Colonel Tilden, who remained at the head of the regiment and was promoted Colonel, January 8, 1863, Colonel Wildes having resigned. On September 9th the regiment was assigned to Hartsuff’s brigade, Ricketts’ division, Hooker’s corps. The Sixteenth did not participate in the battle of Antietam, but marched over the battlefield the next day after the conflict, before the dead had been buried, and went into camp near Sharpsburg. The men had no shelter-tents ; knap- sacks and overcoats had been left at Arlington Heights and were now stored in Washington. The men were exposed to all the inclemencies of the weather by night and by day, with only such protection as could be made from boughs and fence rails. The services of many a noble and patriotic soldier were lost to the country by reason of the two months’ severe and unnecessary exposure to which they were subjected. The army was at last put in motion for Virginia. To guard against cold, rain, sleet and snow we were accustomed to wrap our blankets around our shoulders ; and our brother soldiers in other regiments, disregarding our pitiable condition, jeered at us and called us the " Blanket Brigade.” The men of this regi- ment were of that heroic temper which bears insult in silence. They resolved that when the proper time came they would show the army and the country of what stuff they were made. But in this pitiful plight they marched from Sharpsburg to Rappahannock Station, and from that place to Brooke’s Station near Fredericksburg, where on Thanksgiving Day, November 27, 1862, they received their knapsacks and overcoats from Washington. Never had men more cause for thankfulness than the patient, shivering men of the Sixteenth. Col. Adrian R. Root, of the 94th N. Y., had then the com- mand of the brigade to which the Sixteenth had lately been assigned, the other regiments being the 94th and 104th N. Y. and the 107th Penn. The battle of Fredericksburg, December 12-13, 1862, was a disastrous and overwhelming defeat for the Union army ; but there never was a battle where greater bravery was shown than by the men of the North at Fredericksburg. The Six- 70 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. teenth Maine was in General Franklin’s grand division, on the left of the Union position. At about two o’clock p. m. the brigade was ordered into action. The regiment numbered at this time 417 guns. The enemy were posted behind the Fred- ericksburg and Richmond railroad, which they were using for a breastwork. Under cover of a ridge our brigade removed knapsacks and fixed bayonets. It then advanced steadily over the ridge and at the order, " Double quick ! Charge ! ” the men went forward with a cheer, under a terrific and destructive fire, but with no wavering. The Sixteenth remembers the taunts and jeers of the last three months and feels that its opportunity has come. Ahead of all the others it rushes over the railroad embankment and springs down upon an astonished and terrified line of battle. The rebels throw down their arms and give themselves up. Over two hundred prisoners are taken and sent to the rear. Then the Sixteenth advanced to the edge of the woods and fired sixty rounds of ammunition at a second line of battle, and would have charged a second time if it had not been restrained. Its loss in this battle in killed, wounded and missing was two hundred and thirty-one (a) — more than one-half the number engaged. The missing were mostly wounded and prisoners. The losses in the regiment amounted to one-half the losses in the whole brigade. Colonel Root, the brigade commander, in his official report spoke in the highest terms of the conduct of the officers and men of the Sixteenth in this battle. He further says: "Previous to the action thirty-eight men of the regiment had volunteered to do duty with Hall’s battery, and I am assured by Captain Hall that their conduct was creditable in the highest degree.” The injus- tice of the past was overcome ; the voice of insult and reproach was forever silenced ; the term " Blanket Brigade ” was never heard again. The monotony of camp life in winter quarters near Belle Plain was broken once by a forward movement of the army in what is known among soldiers as the " Mud March ” of J anuary 19-23, 1863, in which the severe experiences of cold, wet, mud and hunger were intensified by the sensation of a com- plete failure in our attempt. (a) See nominal list in 1862, A. G. R. Maine, page 877. SIXTEENTH REGIMENT HISTORICAL SKETCH. 71 On April 29th the regiment took its place in the move- ments around Chancell or sville. During this battle Adjutant A. E. Small of the Sixteenth made a most daring and success- ful reconnaissance on the right of our army, and brought back important information concerning the withdrawal of the rebel forces and their movement toward Fredericksburg. The losses of the Sixteenth in this battle had not been great, but the results of exposure and fatigue had been fearful, and the whole army was disgusted at the result of a campaign that was so well begun. At the opening of the Gettysburg campaign the 94th and 104th N. Y., the 107th Penn., the 13th Mass., and the Sixteenth Maine constituted the first brigade of the second division, First corps. On the morning of June 12th tents were struck and the regiment began its long march northward, with 281 men and 32 officers. June 15th it reached Centreville ; on the 19th Guilford, where it remained in .camp till the 23d. The march from Fredericksburg had been most arduous ; the tem- perature 90 degrees above zero every day, and the terrors of sunstroke added to the fatigue and thirst. On the 29th of June our corps reached Emmitsburg. On the morning of July 1st we were suddenly marched in the direction of Gettysburg, the sound of cannonading quick- ening every step until the brigade was put into position near the seminary. Not long afterward it was ordered to "the front,” where it commenced its action by a bayonet charge executed in such fashion as to drive the enemy entirely from their position. The brilliant but terrible chapter of the part of the Sixteenth in the battle of Gettysburg need not be recounted here, as it is set forth, faithfully and fully, in a preceding account. It is sufficient to say that its heroism and devotion make a conspicuous instance of service and suffering, which history has not failed to note. The little remnant — thirty-eight men and four officers — which managed to escape the terrible catastrophe of the after- noon of July 1st made its stand with its division on Cemetery Hill and rendered such service as it could in the second and third days’ battle. 72 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. The regiment was for a time almost unrecognizable as such. The Colonel and most of the officers were prisoners in the hands of the enemy ; its Adjutant was detached as acting assistant adjutant-general of the brigade, and Major Leavitt exerted himself to bring together the broken fragments of the regiment as fast as circumstances would allow. On July 18th the First corps recrossed the Potomac and went into camp near Waterford, Ya. By a special order from corps head- quarters a detail from the regiment was ordered to proceed to Maine, for the purpose of securing recruits and drafted men to fill up its depleted ranks. Men were now returning from prison and from hospitals, and with the 168 drafted men now assigned, the regiment began to assume a respectable appear- ance as to size. Lieutenant-Colonel Farnham had returned from severe illness at hospital and assumed command, and the regiment was ready for action early in September. It partici- pated in all the peculiar movements, known among soldiers as the "Culpeper and Centreville Express,” over the old battle- fields about Bull Run. On the 20th of November the regiment numbered 650 men, and with its two new stands of colors sent by friends in Maine it had an appearance worthy of its early days and a heart proud of its later fame. In the Mine Run campaign the regiment had something of its earlier experience. Exposure, fatigue and hunger, sowing more seeds of disease and death, began their terrible and long effect. But the prudence of General Meade doubtless saved us another great slaughter, even more disastrous than Freder- icksburg. On December 3d the regiment went into winter quarters at Kelly’s Ford. In March, 1864, changes took place in the organization of the army. The First corps, to which the Sixteenth had been attached, was absorbed into the Fifth corps, our division con- stituting its Second division, under General Robinson. March 28tli Colonel Tilden returned to the regiment, having boldly and skilfully escaped from Libby Prison through the famous Rose Tunnel. On the day following, the men of the Sixteenth presented to him the magnificent black horse which he rode during the remainder of the war and brought home with him when the regiment went out of service. SIXTEENTH REGIMENT HISTORICAL SKETCH. 73 On May 4, 1864, commenced the campaign of the Wilder- ness. The regiment was actively engaged in the three battles ; its losses, however, were comparatively small. But in a des- perate charge on the 8th of May it lost several of its officers and nearly a hundred men. In the battle of Laurel Hill at Spotsylvania, on the tenth, the regiment took a prominent part and lost four officers and fifty men in a charge upon the enemy’s works. On the twelfth charged the enemy’s works, but without success. No soldiers in the world could have car- ried those tiers of earthworks, yet our division was hurled against them again and again. Major Leavitt was mortally wounded and every company suffered great loss. From May 5th to the 21st the regiment had lost nineteen men and two officers killed or mortally wounded ; one hundred and sixteen men and two officers wounded, and thirty-eight men and two officers missing, — doubtless taken prisoners. On May 23d the regiment took part in the brilliant engage- ment on the North Anna River, where the enemy were repulsed with great loss. In the severe battle of Bethesda Church — which was our part in the famous Cold Harbor battle — the regiment lost four men killed and fourteen wounded. On the 8th of June our brigade was transferred to the Third division of the Fifth corps, and took part in the movements and engagements about the Chickahominy River. On the 16th the brigade crossed the James River and moved up toward the outer defenses of Petersburg. It had part in the severe actions of June 17th and 18th ; in the latter the Fifth corps by desperate assault and with great loss gained a commanding advanced position across the Norfolk railroad, which was after- wards known among our soldiers as "Fort Hell.” Thereafter the regiment shared the fortunes of the Fifth corps in the entrenchments in front of Petersburg and the various opera- tions upon the enemy’s right flank. It participated in the aggressive movement of the First corps, August 18th, to extend our lines to the left beyond the Weldon railroad. The enemy was on the alert, taking advantage of every disjunction of our troops in the formations for battle. Severe fighting occurred that day and the next, in a rather disconnected way but gener- 74 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. ally with an enemy upon one flank or the other. The Corps however planted itself firmly and for good astride the railroad. In repelling a front and flank attack too long on the 19th the Sixteenth, endeavoring to retire, found itself surrounded, and lost heavily. During the enterprise it lost two men killed, twenty-eight wounded, and a hundred and fifteen prisoners. Among these prisoners were Colonel Tilden, Adjutant Small, Captains Conley and Lord, Lieutenants Broughton, Fitch, Chipman and Davies. Colonel Tilden, however, wouldn’t stay captured and Lieutenant Davies as well, although they were taken to Petersburg and started for Richmond. They managed at the risk of their lives to elude their guards and coolly return to the front with Confederates on all sides. Watching their opportunity they walked over into their own brigade picket line on the twenty-second. The regiment had now been assigned to the Second brigade, under General Baxter. The regiment was stationed in Fort Wadsworth and there remained until December 5th. Decem- ber 7th it took up the march with the Fifth corps to destroy the Weldon railroad to the North Carolina line. In this expe- dition it lost four men. On January 1, 1865, there were present for duty in the Sixteenth sixteen officers and five hundred and twelve men. On the 5th of February it moved to the left and took part in the battle of Hatcher’s Run, losing one officer and seventy- three men killed and wounded, including two color bearers. On the 29th of March the last campaign of the war opened, in which the Fifth corps operated with General Sheridan’s cav- alry ; General Chamberlain’s brigade opening the campaign with a decisive blow upon the enemy on the " Quaker Road.” On the White Oak Road, on the 31st, the Sixteenth lost one man killed and four wounded, and one officer and twenty-three men missing. In the brilliant action of Five Forks, — a cyclone attack on the enemy’s position, one of the picturesque battles of the war, — the regiment was closely engaged, Lieut. -Col. Farn- ham being severely wounded through the lungs and one man killed and twelve wounded. In the rapid and brilliant move- ments which taxed our men to the utmost, but resulted in SIXTEENTH REGIMENT HISTORICAL SKETCH. 75 Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Court House, the regiment took an active and earnest part and had the honor of being at Appo- mattox at the time of Lee’s surrender. After about a month of occupation in taking possession of Confederate property and maintaining and administering peace and order along the line of the South Side railroad, the Fifth corps took up its march through Petersburg and Richmond and across almost all the great and terrible battlefields of the war toward Wash- ington, and encamped at Arlington Heights on the 12th of May. This return march over fields of such tremendous expe- riences was an incident never to be forgotten. The regiment took its part in that last grand review of the army in Wash- ington, where it laid down its own arms before the constituted authorities of the nation in the most magnificent spectacle ev§r beheld on this continent. On the 5th of June the regiment, as such, was mustered out of the service of the United States ; its later recruits, whose term of service had not expired, were assigned to the Twentieth Maine regiment. When leaving for the homeward journey, on June 6th, the regiment passing through Washington, marched by the hospital where Colonel Farnham lay, as was then supposed at the point of death, that he might take a last look at the command he loved so well. Reaching Augusta on the 10th of June the regiment was quar- tered in the cavalry barracks, where it was disbanded on the 16th and its heroic men, having honored themselves and their country, modestly returned to their place and work as peaceful and worthy citizens. The Sixteenth Maine Regiment was emphatically a fighting regiment. On three several occasions it was almost extin- guished by deaths, wounds or capture. At Fredericksburg it lost more than half its number ; at Gettysburg it had at the close of the first day only thirty-eight men and four officers left ; at Laurel Hill it lost nearly one-third of its men ; at the Weldon Railroad it lost more than half the men engaged. First or last, every member of its color-guard was killed or wounded. The regiment left Augusta in 1862 with 960 enlisted men. It received in all 916 recruits. It lost in killed and mortally wounded 10 officers and 168 men. It had wounded in action 76 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. 22 officers and 266 men. There died of disease one officer and 240 men. It had discharged for disability 17 officers and 260 men. Resigned and discharged for promotion, 25 officers ; discharged by order and for promotion, 126 enlisted men ; missing in action fate unknown, deserted, and transferred to other organizations in the service, 673 enlisted men. There belonged to it during the three years of its existence 1,876 enlisted men and 86 officers, and its total diminutions as above stated for the same period from all causes were 1,467 men and 53 officers; the remainder — 33 officers and 409 men — were mustered out with the regiment or elsewhere (a) . It was fortunate in its field officers, whose ability and character com- manded respect and affection, and the mutual regard between officers and men of this regiment is something perhaps remark- able. It is not too much to say that this regiment will have place in history as one of the most intelligent, patriotic, relia- ble and faithful regiments that went out from the State of Maine, and one whose part and office of fortitude and self- sacrifice on the first day of the battle of Gettysburg was to check the victorious advance of the rebel army and enable the shattered remnants of the First Corps to form a new line on Cemetery Ridge, thus having no small part in determining the final fortunes of that memorable field. REGIMENTAL ROSTER. COLONELS. Date of Commission. Aug. 9, 1862. Asa W. Wildes, resigned Jan. 7, 1863. Feb. 5, 1863. Charles W. Tilden, brevet Brigadier-General March 13, 1865; mustered out June 5, 1865. LIEUTENANT-COLONELS. June 23, 1862. Charles W. Tilden, promoted Colonel. Feb. 5, 1863. Augustus B. Farnham, brevet Colonel April 1, 1865; mustered out June 5, 1865. MAJORS. Aug. 9, 1S62. Augustus B. Farnham, promoted Lieutenant-Colonel. Feb. 5, 1863. Arch D. Leavitt, died May 31, 1864, of wounds received at Spotsylvania May 12th. (a) The figures are derived from History of the Sixteenth Maine by Major A. R. Small, page 323. ROSTER OF SIXTEENTH REGIMENT. 77 June i, 1864. Oct. 31, 1864. Aug. 16, 1862. Dec. 9, 1864. Aug. 16, 1862. Aug. 13, 1864. June 3, 1862. Nov. 25, 1864. July 22, 1862. Oct. 24, 1862. Feb. 5, 1863. Feb. 10, 1865. Aug. 2, 1862. Dec. 8, 1863. Feb. 8, 1865. July 29, 1862. Nov. 19, 1862. Mar. 2, 1863. Sept. 15, 1864. Aug. 9, 1862. Dec. 31, 1862. Dec. 9, 1S64. Aug. 9, 1862. Jan. 28, 1865. Aug. 16, 1862. Dec. 31, 1862. Dec. 1, 1863. Nov. 9, 1864. Aug. 9, 1862. Feb. 5, 1863. Mar. 22, 1863. Aug. 8, 1864. Aug. 9, 1862, Aug. 8, 1864. Aug. 16, 1862. Dec. 26, 1864. S. Clifford Belcher, not mustered, absent wounded. Abner R. Small, mustered out June 5, 1865. ADJUTANTS. Abner R. Small, promoted Maj’or. Cherbury F. Lothrop, mustered out June 5, 1865. QUARTERMASTERS. Isaac N. Tucker, discharged July 28, 1864. George W. Brown, mustered out June 5, 1865. SURGEONS. Charles Alexander, discharged Nov. 8, 1864. William W. Eaton, mustered out June 5, 1865. ASSISTANT SURGEONS. Joseph B. Baxter, mustered out May 23, 1865. Warren Hunter, resigned Jan. 24, 1863. William W. Eaton, promoted Surgeon. David P. Bolster, mustered out June 5, 1865. CHAPLAINS. George Bullen, resigned Oct. 3, 1863. Uriah Balkam, discharged Oct. 8, 1864. John Mitchell, mustered out June 5, 1865. captains . Charles A. Williams, Co. A, died Nov. 10, 1862. S. Forest Robinson, Co. A, resigned Jan. 24, 1863. Isaac A. Pennell, Co. A, discharged for disability Oct. 14, 1864. Charles T. Hildreth, Co. A, mustered out June 5, 1865. Charles K. Hutchins, Co. B, killed in battle Dec. 13, 1862. Eleazer W. Atwood, Co. B, discharged Nov. 25, 1864. Joseph H. Malbon, Co. B, mustered out June 5, 1865. Daniel Marston, Co. C, discharged Dec. 22, 1864. Edward F. Davies, Co. C, mustered out June 5, 1S65. Moses W. Rand, Co. D, died Dec. 8, 1862. Oliver H. Lowell, Co. D, killed in battle July 1, 1863. Samuel H. Plummer, Co. D, discharged Oct. 20, 1864, for disability. William H. Broughton, Co. D, mustered out June 5, 1865. Arch D. Leavitt, Co. E, promoted Major. William E. Brooks, Co. E, resigned Feb. 26, 1863. William A. Stevens, Co. E, killed in battle Junai7, 1864. Lincoln K. Plummer, Co. E, brevet Major and Lieut. - Colonel Mar. 13, 1865; mustered out June 5, 1865. Thomas E. Wentworth, Co. F, discharged July 1, 1864. George A. Deering, Co. F, mustered out June 5, 1865. S. Clifford Belcher, Co. G, discharged Sept. 13, 1864, on account of wounds received in battle May 8, 1864. Isaac H. Thompson, Co. G, mustered out June 5, 1865. 78 Aug. 16, 1S62. May 22, 1863. Aug. 16, 1862. Dec. 1, 1863. Aug. 16, 1862. Dec. 1, 1863. July 21, 1862. Nov. 19, 1S62. June 13, 1863. Sept. 5, 1864. Aug. 9, 1862. May 23, 1862. Mar. 26, 1863. Dec. 9, 1864. Aug. 16, 1862. Apr. io, 1863. Aug. 16, 1862. Dec. 31, 1862. Dec. 1, 1863. Nov. 9, 1864. Aug. 9, 1862. Feb. 5, 1863. Mar. 16, 1863. Aug. 8, 1864. Aug. 16, 1862. Dec. 31, 1862. Aug. 8, 1864. Aug. 16, 1862. Dec. 9, 1864. Mar. 15, 1865. Aug. 16, 1862. Dec. 13, 1862. Aug. 16, 1862. Aug. 23, 1862. Dec. 18, 1863. Aug. 16, 1862. May 23, 1863. Dec. 1, 1863. Jan. 28, 1865. MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. John Ayer, Co. H, died Feb. 22, 1863, of wounds received in battle Dec. 13, 1862. John D. Conley, Co. H, mustered out June 5, 1865. William H. Waldron, Co. I, wounded and prisoner July 1, 1863; discharged Sept. 27, 1863, for disability. Lewis C. Bisbee, Co. I, mustered out June 5, 1865. Stephen C.Whitehouse,Co. K, killed in battlejuly 1, 1863. Joseph O. Lord, Co. K, mustered out June 5, 1865. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. S. Forest Robinson, Co. A, promoted Captain Co. A. Isaac A. Pennell, Co. A, promoted Captain Co. A. Nathan Fowler, Co. A, discharged Oct. 26, 1864, on account of wounds received May 8th. S. P. Newman Smythe, Co. A, mustered out June 5, 1865. Eleazer W. Atwood, Co. B, promoted Captain Co. B. Abner R. Small, Co. B, promoted Adjutant. Frederick H. Beecher, Co. B, wounded at Fredericks- burg and at Gettysburg; discharged Sept. 30, 1864; transferred to V. R. C. Jones Whitman, Co. B, mustered out June 5, 1865. Hovey Austin, Co. C, discharged March 30, 1863. Marshall S. Smith, Co. C, prisoner May 5, 1864; dis- charged May 15, 1865. Humphrey E. Eustis, Co. D, resigned Dec. 8, 1862. Samuel H. Plummer, Co. D, promoted Captain Co. D. William H. Broughton, Co. D, promoted Captain Co. D. Atwood Fitch, Co. D, mustered out June 5, 1865. William E. Brooks, Co. E, promoted Captain Co. E. William A. Stevens, Co. E, promoted Captain Co. E. Lincoln K. Plummer, Co. E, promoted Captain Co. E. Aubrey Leavitt, Co. E, brevet Captain and Major to date March 13, 1865; mustered out June 5, 1865. Oliver H. Lowell, Co. F, promoted Captain Co. D. George A. Deering, Co. F, promoted Captain Co. F. Cherbury F. Lothrop, Co. F, promoted Adjutant. Joseph H. Malbon, Co. G, promoted Captain Co. B. Lewis G. Richards, Co. G, discharged Feb. 4, 1865. Frank Wiggin, Co. G, mustered out June 5, I865. Ira S. Libby, Co. H, resigned Oct. 31, 1862. Israel H. Washburn, Co. H, resigned June 12, 1863. William Bray, Co. I, resigned Aug., 1862, not mustered. Lewis C. Bisbee, Co. I, promoted Captain Co. I. Isaac H. Thompson, Co. I, promoted Captain Co. G. Augustus T. Somerby, Co. K, resigned March 12, 1863, for disability. Joseph O. Lord, Co. K, promoted Captain Co. K. Edward F. Davies, Co. K, promoted Captain Co. C. Jabez P. Parker, Co. K, mustered out June 5, 1865. ROSTER OF SIXTEENTH REGIMENT. 79 July 29, 1862. Dec. 3, 1862. May 22, 1863. June 13, 1863. Sept. 22, 1864. Aug. 9, 1862. Jan. 24, 1863. Mar. 26, 1863. Aug. 19, 1862. Apr. 10, 1863. Aug. 16, 1862. Dec. 31, 1862. Dec. 1, 1863. Nov. 9, 1864. Aug. 9, 1862. Mar. 2, 1863. May 22, 1863. Nov. 25, 1864. Dec. 9, 1864. Aug. 16, 1862. Mar. 17, 1863. Dec. 1, 1863. Dec. 9, 1864. Aug. 16, 1862. Dec. 18, 1863. Aug. 2, 1862. Dec. 13, 1862. May 22, 1863. Aug. 16, 1862. Nov. 25, 1864. Jan. 28 , 1865. Aug. 16, 1862. July 16, 1862. May 22, 1863. Dec. i, 1863. SECOND LIEUTENANTS. Isaac A. Pennell, Co. A, promoted 1st Lieutenant Co. A. Francis A. Wildes, Co. A, resigned Feb. 26, 1863. Nathan Fowler, Co. A, promoted 1st Lieutenant Co. A. Nathaniel W. Coston, Co. A, died May 27, ’64, of wounds. William T. Dodge, Co. A, brevet 1st Lieutenant to date March 13, 1865; mustered out June 5, 1865. George W. Edwards, Co. B, died in rebel prison, May 27, 1863, of wounds received ; commissioned 1st Lieutenant Co. B, not mustered. Frederick H. Beecher, Co. B, promoted 1st Lieut. Co. B. Melvin C. Wadsworth, Co. B, mustered out June 5, 1865. Marshall S. Smith, Co. C, promoted 1st Lieutenant Co. C. George D. Bisbee, Co. C, mustered out June 5, 1865. Henry P. Herrick, Co. D, killed in battle Dec. 13, 1862. William H. Broughton, Co. D, promoted 1st Lieut. Co. D. Atwood Fitch, Co. D, promoted 1st Lieutenant Co. D. Charles H. Parlin, Co. D, mustered out June 5, 1865. William A. Stevens, Co. E, promoted 1st Lieut. Co. E. Lincoln K. Plummer, Co. E, promoted 1st Lieut. Co. E. Aubrey Leavitt, Co. E, promoted 1st Lieutenant Co. E. Jones Whitman, Co. E, promoted 1st Lieutenant Co. B. Gustavus Moore, Co. E, mustered out June 5, 1865. George A. Deering, Co. F, promoted 1st Lieut. Co. F. Daniel L. Warren, Co. F, discharged Oct. 27, 1863, for disability. Cherbury F. Lothrop, Co. F, promoted 1st Lieut. Co. F. Daniel A. Spearin, Co. F, mustered out June 5, 1865. Isaac H. Thompson, Co. G, promoted 1st Lieut. Co. I. Isaac R. Whitney, Co. G, discharged Dec. 17, 1864. Israel H. Washburn, Co. H, promoted 1st Lieut. Co. H. John D. Conley, Co. H, promoted Captain Co. H. James U. Childs, Co. H (promoted 1st Lieutenant, not mustered), mustered out June 5, 1865. Charles A. Garcelon, Co. I, discharged Feb. 5, 1864, for promotion. Jabez P. Parker, Co. I, promoted 1st Lieutenant Co. K. Wilbur F. Mower, Co. I, discharged May 15, 1865, for disability from wounds. Augustus C. Peters, Co. K, discharged March 30, 1863 for disability from wounds. Charles A. Williams, Co. K, promoted Captain Co. A. Edward F. Davies, Co. K, promoted 1st Lieut. Co. K. Wilmot H. Chapman, Co. K, promoted 1st Lieutenant Co. I, not mustered ; mustered out June 5, 1865. 80 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. MONUMENT OF STEVENS’ FIFTH MAINE BATTERY. The monument of Stevens’ Fifth Maine Battery stands on a knoll, a spur of Culp’s Hill east of the village of Gettysburg. Since the battle that knoll has been named Stevens’ Knoll or Hill. (See Plate 95, Atlas to accom- pany Rebellion Records; Penn, at Gettysburg, Vol. 1, p. 48.) The earth- works thrown up on the night of July first for the protection of the men and pieces have been preserved. In those earthworks cannon have been placed to mark their position. The monument is of the most substantial character. The first and second bases are of Hallowed granite. The die is of red granite, the color indicating artillery. The apex is a large cannon ball of black granite two and one-half feet in diameter; both die and ball are highly polished. Admeasurements: Base: five feet four inches, by five feet four inches, by one foot eight inches; plinth: four feet, by four feet, by two feet four inches, of Hallowed granite; die: three feet, by three feet, by six feet, of Red Beach granite; bad: two feet eight inches diameter, of black Addi- son granite. Total height, twelve feet eight inches. The monument on two faces (first view) bears the following inscriptions: Stevens’ Battery 5th Maine 1st Corps Fought here July 1, 2, 3, 1863. Also Engaged July 1st North of the Seminary. Ammunition Expended 979 Rounds. Bull Run 2nd, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville , Gettysburg, Wilderness, SPOTTSYL VANIA, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Opequan, Fisher’s Hill, Cedar Creek. See page 81 for inscriptions on the other two faces, second view. nm STEVENS’ FIFTH MAINE BATTERY. 81 INSCRIPTIONS ON MONUMENT. (Second view, shown at page 95.) Losses. Bull Run 2nd, 1 Officer and 3 Men Killed 8 Men Wounded 6 Men Missing. Chancellorsville , 6 Men Killed 3 Officers and 19 Men Wounded. Gettysburg, 3 Men Killed 2 Officers and 11 Men Wounded 6 Men Missing. Opequan, 6 Men Wounded. Cedar Creek, 2 Men Killed 16 Men Wounded. "In the assault upon East Cemetery Hill IN THE EVENING OF July 2nd the Enemy (Hays’ and Hoke’s Brigades) EXPOSED THEIR LEFT FLANK TO Stevens’ Battery WHICH POURED A TERRIBLE FIRE OF DOUBLE CANISTER INTO THEIR RANKS.” DOUBLEDAY. STEVENS’ FIFTH MAINE BATTEEY, AT THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. T HE Fifth Maine Battery, belonging to the artillery brigade, First Army Corps, was also in the first day’s battle. This battery at Chancellorsville two months before had passed through one of the most trying ordeals experienced by a battery in the war of the rebellion, when it lost six men killed, three officers and nineteen men wounded and forty-three horses killed. One officer, Captain George F. Leppien, whose wound proved mortal, died at Washington, D. C., May 24, 1863. The battery after that engagement was at once refitted and placed on a war footing by a detail of fifty-three men from the 83d and 94th New York regiments. These men, more than one-third of its number, had never served in mounted artillery before. They however were drilled, disciplined and made effi- cient as light artillery-men before the battery arrived at Gettys- burg. This detachment, with the eighty men belonging to the battery proper, with three commissioned officers, present for duty, made the battery at Gettysburg on the morning of July 1st, one hundred and thirty-six strong. The battery, six light 12-pounders, under Captain Greenlief T. Stevens, with Lieutenants Edward N. Whittier and Charles O. Hunt, made its way up through Virginia and Maryland with the First corps, of which it then formed a part, and at daylight on that eventful day was with the artillery brigade between Marsh Creek and Gettysburg. The corps that morning resumed its march in the following order : Wadsworth’s First division with Hall’s Second Maine battery ; Rowley’s Third division ; then the artillery brigade to which the Fifth battery belonged ; lastly Robinson’s Second division with the Sixteenth Maine reg- iment. General Reynolds, in command of the left wing of the army, accompanied Wadsworth’s division. STEVENS’ BATTERY FIRST DAY. 83 Immediately west of the village of Gettysburg there are two parallel ridges of land extending in a northerly and southerly direction, the first about one-third of a mile from the outskirts of the village, on which the Theological Seminary is located ; and the other about one-third of a mile west of the Seminary, and sloping down gradually towards the west to Willoughby Run. On the most westerly rido;e and facing west General Wadsworth’s division was first formed, with Hall’s Second Maine battery on his right. The Fifth Maine battery reached the vicinity of Gettysburg between ten and eleven o’clock a. m. It turned off the Emmits- burg road to the west in the vicinity of the "Peach Orchard,” and marched across the fields in the direction of a furious con- flict then raging between the enemy and Wadsworth’s division. On reaching a piece of lowland the cairiages were cleared and the battery made ready for action. At this point orders were received by Captain Stevens from Colonel C. S. Wainwright, chief of artillery, First army corps, to take position in the south- erly part of a grove some two hundred yards south of the Seminary and relieve Lt. Stewart’s battery B, Fourth H. S. artillery. At this hour the first Confederate advance down by Wil- loughby Run had been checked by Wadsworth’s division, and there was a temporary lull in the battle. The battery unen- gaged remained in this position nearly two hours. Rowley’s division, which had preceded the battery on the march, had been divided by General Doubleday, and Stone’s brigade assigned to the open space between the woods where General Reynolds was killed and the Chambersburg pike, and Biddle’s brigade to the left of our line near the Hagerstown road. By this time the battle was again raging to the front and right, and with the greater number of contestants had increased in the volume of its tumult and fury. General Doubleday, who succeeded General Reynolds in the command of the corps, was establishing with prudent forethought a fortified position on the ridge around the Seminary when orders were received by Captain Stevens from General Doubleday to change position from the south to the north of the Seminary, where he took his 84 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. second position on the right of Cooper’s battery B, First Penn. ; Cooper was next to the Seminary building and Stevens was next to Cooper. It was about two p. m. when this movement was made. At this hour the Sixteenth Maine had already moved from the entrenchments at the Seminary and was facing or about to face the onset of Rodes’ right. The Eleventh corps was already engaged with Rodes’ left and Early’s division of Ewell’s corps. The battle was now raging from Rock Creek and the Harrisburg road on the right around by Willoughby Run to the Hagerstown road on the left. The hours from two until four o’clock were to be crowded with thrilling events in which the batteries at the Seminary were to play a prominent part. In all twelve guns were massed at this point so closely that they were hardly live yards apart ; four guns of Cooper’s battery B, First Penn., six guns of Stevens’ Fifth Maine battery and two guns of Reynolds’ battery L, 1st N. Y., under command of Lt. Wilber. The other four guns of Reynolds’ battery, under Lt. Breck, at this hour were on the same ridge south of the Seminary. Stewart’s battery B, 4th U. S. artillery, was also on the same line but further to the north or right, one-half — three guns — being between the Chambersburg pike and the railroad cut, and the other half north of the railroad cut in the edge of the woods. Robinson’s division was on the right of Stewart’s battery and formed the right of the line of the First corps. The Fifth* Maine opened lire as soon as it was in position, throwing spherical case and shell at. first over our infantry in the lower ground in front. The whole line of battle from right to left was then one continuous blaze of fire. The space between the two ridges was completely filled with the thin blue smoke of the infantry, making it difficult to distinguish friend from foe, while the artillery from their higher position belched forth a tremendous fire of shot and shell, throwing their deadly missiles in rapid succession into the. ranks of the enemy advancing on our direct front, covering themselves for the moment in dense clouds of white smoke. Our infantry, by the overwhelming numbers of stevens’ battery first day. 85 the enemy, five to one, were forced back upon a line with the artillery, some of them crouching under the very muzzles of the guns of the Fifth battery to avoid its fire. When our front was clear and within canister range, using double charges, the guns of the Fifth battery were turned to the right on the columns of the enemy, and when their first line was within about one hundred yards of the Seminary it was brought to a halt by Stew- art’s, Stevens’, Reynolds’ and Cooper’s batteries, — Stevens’ expending about fifty-seven rounds of canister (a) . But the enemy’s second line, supported by a column deployed from the Cashtown or Chambersburg pike, pushed on, and in the face of the most destructive fire that could be put forth from all the troops in position succeeded in dislodging our infantry, driving in the cavalry and completely outflanking and enfilading our line both on the right and on the left. At this hour, nearly four o’clock, the Eleventh corps which had been facing north and forming nearly a right angle with the First corps line, and in full view of our position at the Seminary, was fast falling back toward the town, closely pressed by the enemy. Colonel Wainwright in his official report, referring to this hour, said : " An order was now received by Captain Stevens from General Wadsworth to withdraw his battery. Not know- ing that he had received such an order, and still under the false impression as to the importance attached to holding Seminary Hill, I directed all the batteries to remain in position. A few minutes, however, showed me our infantry rapidly retreating to the town. All the batteries were at once limbered to the rear and moved at a walk down the Cashtown pike until the infantry had left it ” (b) . * * * By this time the enemy’s skirmishers had lapped our retreat- ing columns and opened a severe fire within fifty yards of the road in which the artillery was obliged to pass. The pike being clear, the batteries now broke into a trot, but it was too late to save everything. Battery L, 1st N. Y., lost one gun (a) The battery expended in the battle of Gettysburg 103 rounds of canister. See Rebellion Records, Vol. 27, page 362. Lt. Whittier in his report of the engagement on the evening of July 2d says: “ When within six hundred yards I opened with canis- ter and fired, before they were repulsed, upwards of 46 rounds.” This leaves 57 rounds expended at the Seminary on July 1, as canister was used at no other times. (b) Rebellion Records, Vol. 27, part 1, page 357. 86 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. and five horses ; three caissons of battery B, 4th U. S. artillery, broke down before they reached the town and had to be abandoned. Another caisson of the same battery was struck by a shell and destroyed. While at a trot-march a gun wheel of one of the guns of the Fifth battery came off, the axle drop- ping in the road ; the team was halted, the gun raised by the cannoneers and wheel replaced, Captain Stevens springing from his horse and seizing the gunner’s pinchers, inserted the handle for a linch-pin, and the gun was saved from capture. At this point, near where a brook crosses the Chambersburg pike, not far from the westerly outskirts of the village, private William Widner, a driver, detached from the 94th N. Y. and serving with the battery, was killed, falling from his horse beside the road. Charles M. Bryant was killed near the Sem- inary as the battery was limbering to the rear, and Lieut. Charles O. Hunt was severely wounded in the thigh while at the same point. Privates Aaron Simpson, William Leonard, Sylvester L. Brown, John A. Paine, Warren B. Bailey and Edwin T. Witham were also wounded ; and privates J. P. St. Clair, Charles Smith, Jno. Dwyer, Jno. Bessey and A. C. Marvin were taken prisoners, the last three being detached men from the 94th N. Y. regiment. Such were the losses in this battery up to this hour, four o’clock in the afternoon. A MARKER stands in the road west of the Seminary buildings to indicate the position of the Battery at that point in the first day’s battle. (See map of the First Day.) The marker, of Maine granite, is a large rectangular block, cut away on the upper half of one side in a slope, presenting a polished raised table inscribed with the following legend: Stevens’ Battery, 5th Maine. Jury 1, 1863. STEVEN'S BATTERY FIRST DAY. 87 The First corps had lost heavily. General Reynolds had been killed. He was on horseback in the easterly edge of an open wood, surrounded by his staff. The enemy were in the wood. Without doubt he felt anxious in relation to the result and frequently turned his head to see if Robinson’s and Row- ley’s divisions, which had not then arrived, would be up in time to assist Wadsworth who was hotly engaged, and while he was looking back in that way a rebel sharp-shooter shot him through the back of the head, the bullet coming out near the eye. He fell dead in an instant without uttering a word. He had served in the 3d U. S. artillery with Generals Sherman, Thomas and Doubleday, and had fought in the same battles with the latter in the Mexican war. Our troops never fought with greater spirit, believing that Gettysburg was to be held at all hazards. "We have come to stay” was the battle cry that passed along the line. As it proved, a great portion of them did come to stay, laying down their lives to save this country for the present and future gen- erations. When out of ammunition many a soldier replenished his box from that of his killed or wounded comrade. When the left of the Eleventh corps nearest the First corps fell back, a force of nearly 20,000 Confederates was thrown upon the First corps, which in the beginning of the contest only numbered 8,200 and which was reduced at the close of the engagement to 2,450 (a). General W adsworth in his official report said : " The severity of the contest during the day will be indicated by the painful fact that at least half of the officers and men who went into the engagement were killed or wounded” (b). General Robinson, commanding the Second division, went into the battle with less than 2,500 officers and men and sus- tained a loss of 1,667, of which 124 were commissioned officers (c) . The Confederate general A. M. Scales, who advanced directly against our position at the Seminary, in his official report said : (a) Rebellion Records, Vol. 27, part 1, page 251. (b) Rebellion Records, Vol. 27, part 1, page 266. (c) Ibid, page 291. 88 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. “We passed over them (the first Confederate line of battle) up the ascent across the ridge and commenced the descent just opposite the Theo- logical Seminary. Here the brigade encountered a most terrific fire of grape and shell on our flank, and grape and musketry in our front. Every discharge made sad havoc in our line, but still we pressed on at a double quick and we reached the bottom, a distance of seventy-five yards from the ridge we had crossed and about the same distance from the college in our front. Here I received a painful wound from a piece of shell and was dis- abled. Our line had been broken up and only a squad here and there marked the place where regiments had stood. Every field officer in the brigade save one had been disabled; and the following list of casualties will attest sufficiently the terrible ordeal through which the brigade passed. Killed 48, wounded 381, missing 116. Total 545 ” (a). On the retreat the guns of the Fifth were intermingled with those of Captain Cooper’s battery B, 1st Penn., and, passing through the town whose streets were crowded with the columns of the First corps and encumbered by stragglers from the Eleventh corps upon whose heels the Confederates were closely following, moved along Baltimore street and up the hill on the Baltimore pike to the Cemetery gate. This was the rallying point of broken and disordered regiments and batteries. Of the sixteen thousand five hundred men of the First and Eleventh corps who went into the battle, not more than five thousand five hundred were rallied on this hill in fighting 1 condi- tion ; while stretching through the village of Gettysburg and to the right and left of the same were the heavier columns of the Confederate army. Nearly four thousand of their com- rades were lying upon the field in full view beyond the town. Five thousand more had been captured and two thousand dis- persed (b). The annals of war present no instance of more desperate, stubborn, gallant and persistent fighting than that offered July 1, 1863, by the First corps. With several hours of sunlight the situation of the remain- ing Union forces was perilous indeed. "But sometimes, at a critical moment,” says the Comte de Paris, "a single individual may bring a moral force on the battlefield worth a hundred battalions.” Such a person was General Hancock at this moment. He was sent by General Meade to take charge of the field. He arrived on Cemetery Hill about four o’clock, and was by the gate of the Cemetery as the Fifth Maine (a) Rebellion Records, Vol. 27, part 2, page 670. Cb) Estimate made by the Comte de Paris, Hist. Civil War, Vol. Ill, page 570. STEVENS’ BATTERY FIRST DAY. 89 battery came up. He called for the captain of "that brass bat- tery.” Captain Stevens heard what he said and put himself in Hancock’s presence; he ordered Stevens to "take (his) battery on to that hill,” pointing to Culp’s Hill, and " stop the enemy from coming up that ravine.” "By whose order?” was the inquiry. "General Hancock’s,” was the reply. "When the order was given, "Fifth battery, forward ! ” each gun and caisson separated from Cooper’s battery and the infantry with which it had been retiring, and dropped into its proper place and marched easterly down the Baltimore pike until it reached a lane leading to a cottage in the direction of Culp’s Hill. Passing through that lane and up the elevation, it reached the summit of a knoll at the westerly extremity of Culp’s Hill. This position commanded completely the easterly slope of Cemetery Hill and the ravine at the north. As the battery reached this position the enemy was sweeping through the village and up across the lowlands in our front. The bat- tery was unsupported. No Union infantry was on the right, and none on the left, nearer than Cemetery Hill where the other troops were turned off to the right and left by General Hancock and put into line of battle. The battery at once went into position and opened so vigorous a fire that the advance of the Confederates in that direction was stopped and the desire of General Hancock was fully achieved. The enemy took shelter by lying down behind any object that furnished protection. General Hunt, chief of artillery of the Army of the Poto- mac, attracted no doubt by the rapidity and vigor of the bat- tery’s fire at this hour, paid it a visit. On learning that the battery had no supports, and that a body of the enemy had gone so far to the right that, their position and movements were covered by the woods on the northerly slope of Culp’s Hill and that there was nothing to prevent their skirmishers from approaching within one hundred yards of the battery without being observed, he said to Captain Stevens : " I don’t like the look of this ; send some of your men and tear gaps in the fences between here and the Baltimore pike, and on the oppo- site side of the pike, so that you can reach the high land beyond 90 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. in case you’re driven out.” The order was promptly obeyed. The non-military reader should observe that while a battery can keep back or destroy masses of the enemy, it cannot success- fully contend with a line of skirmishers. To resist them would be like shooting mosquitoes with musket balls. But the battery was not forgotten by Hancock. In this connection General Doubleday in his report of the engagement says : " Major- General Hancock now rode up and informed me he had been placed in command of both corps. He at once directed me to send a force to support a battery which had been established on a lower range of hills some one hundred yards to the east of our position, protecting our flank in that direction. I com- plied with the order and sent the remainder of Wadsworth’s division there. Immediately afterward orders came from Gen- eral Howard, who ranked Hancock, to send the troops in another direction. This occasioned at the time some little delay and confusion ” (a) . General Wadsworth, however, with the remainder of his division did not go in another direction, but went directly to the battery, passing between the line of limbers and caissons of the battery and taking position on the right and a little in advance of the same where it remained during the remainder of the battle, planting his headquarter-colors near its right gun. At intervals the battery maintained its fire until dark to keep down the enemy that were in our front and prevent the move- ment of their troops as far as possible within its range. In this connection 'Colonel A. C. Godwin, commanding Hoke’s Confederate brigade after Colonel Avery was mortally wounded, said : “The brigade continued to advance toward the town, but while yet in the outskirts was wheeled to the left and re-formed on the railroad. The enemy had now succeeded in planting a battery upon a high sloping spur on the mountain side immediately in our front. Under cover of the railroad cut we were moved by the flank about 400 yards to the left and then moved forward. The shells from the enemy proving very effective, we were soon after halted in a depression on the hillside and the men ordered to lie down. Skirmishers were thrown forward and this position held through the night and until 8 p. m. on the next day, July 2, when the brigade moved forward to the attack ” (b). (a) Rebellion Records, Vol. 27, part 1, page 252. (b) Rebellion Records, Vol. 27, part 2, page 484 ; also see map of the first day. STEVENS’ BATTERY SECOND DAY. 91 Between live and six o’clock p. m. the Union troops that were not in the first day’s battle began to arrive. Slocum’s Twelfth corps, between eight and nine thousand strong, was the first to appear. While yet in the distance the lone star upon their banners told us who they were, causing the Fifth battery boys to send up cheer after cheer. The First division of that corps was put in position on our right down by Rock Creek, while two brigades of the Second division wended their way up across the country in our rear and took position on the left of our line between Cemetery Hill and Little Round Top (a) . But this is not a chronicle of the Twelfth corps. On that ground it was evident that the contest would be renewed the next day, and preparations were accordingly made for the same. During the night earthworks were constructed " under the direction of Captain Stevens, which on the two days follow- ing proved of the greatest service in covering and protecting the men and pieces ” (b) . It will be observed elsewhere that the losses were largely sustained on the first day. When all was quiet except occasional picket firing, the teams having been cared for, the men, regaled with their usual allowance of hardtack and coffee, tired and exhausted, repulsed but not routed, beaten but not dismayed, wrapped their blankets about them and camped down beside their guns and horses for a little rest, with mother earth for a pillow, and the starry heavens above them for a shelter. Thus passed one of our days and nights on this battlefield destined to become the Waterloo of the western world. The forenoon of the second day passed similarly to the clos- ing hours of the first day, — troops arriving, picket firing, sharp- shooting and artillery duelling at long range. From an early hour in the morning the enemy’s sharp-shooters, posted behind walls and fences in the lowlands in front of the battery, were very annoying and were only partially dislodged by our skir- mishers sent out to oppose them. During- the afternoon while observing movements of the enemy Captain Stevens was severely wounded, being shot through both legs below the knee, and was removed from the (a) See Rebellion Records, Vol. 27, part 1, page 758. (b) See Official Report on tile, Adjutant-General’s office, Maine. 92 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. field. Sergeants Lorrin E. Bundy and James W. White, per- forming the duty of commissioned officers, evinced quite as plainly as on other occasions courage and discretion of a high degree. Lieutenant A. B. Twitchell being absent, wounded, the command of the battery then devolved upon Lieutenant Whittier, who has recently furnished the following account of the battery in the battle of Gettysburg while under his command. He writes in paid as follows : " To take up my topic, the part borne by the Fifth Maine battery in the battle after Captain Stevens was wounded. About one o’clock the enemy ran guns into position just oppo- site the end of East Cemetery Hill, to enfilade our lines which from that point ran in a southerly direction towards the Bound Tops. We could just reach the enemy, and joining fire with the rifled guns on East Cemetery ridge their batteries were soon silenced. Great annoyance was experienced later from sharp- shooters in our front concealed in bushes, behind fences and even in the trees along the course of Bock Creek. A company of riflemen was deployed and made its way out some distance, and after some difficulty dislodged the enemy and drove their men back towards their main skirmish line. And so the after- noon wore on, our anxiety increasing as we saw the fight raging with what seemed doubtful success on our part, way off on our left, in front of the Bound Tops and out on the Emmitsburg road, while troops were hurrying from the right of our line across to the succor of the Third and Fifth corps, until it seemed as if the whole Twelfth corps was in motion, and it was, except- ing Greene’s brigade, as we afterwards learned ; and the roar and crash of artillery, the rattle of musketry, the vast clouds of smoke rolling down from Little Bound Top and filling the valley, all joined to make us feel that the day was going against us. In the urgent desire of reinforcing the Third corps (Sickles’), only Greene’s brigade was left to hold the works protecting the extreme right of the line against any attempt of the enemy to gain a foothold on the Baltimore pike (a) . "About 4 p. m. those who were on the left of our position, where the view of Benner’s Hill was unobstructed by the trees (a) The movement of Twelfth corps to reinforce other portions of the line occurred between 6 and 7 o’clock p. m. STEVENS’ BATTERY SECOND DAY. 93 on the northerly slope of Culp’s, had presented to their gaze the almost unexampled spectacle of a Confederate battery in full view, thrown into 'action front’ as deliberately as on parade. This was the initial movement of Andrews’ battalion of artil- lery, commanded by Major Latimer, taking position, with four- teen guns closely crowded together on the crest of this small hill. Two guns, 20-pounder Parrotts, went in-battery on an elevation to the right and rear of the position chosen. From the high ground further to the enemy’s right, rifled pieces opened simultaneously with Andrews’ battalion a converging fire on our batteries on East Cemetery Hill, and enfilading our infantry lines and the artillery, which, further south in the cemetery, were facing Seminary ridge and the Emmitsburg road. I doubt if more than six or eight projectiles came to the ground on the knoll where we had been ordered by General Hancock. "At once, as if directed by the command of one man, our battery united with battery L, 1st N. Y., Lieut. Breck, with Cooper and Wiedrich on the hill, and with Taft’s 20-pounders in the cemetery, and poured such destructive fire into the bat- teries on Benner’s Hill that in less than half an hour four of their limbers or caissons exploded and their batteries were silenced. Nowhere on the field of Gettysburg was such havoc •wrought by artillery on artillery, and the wreck of Andrews’ battalion, in horses and shattered gun- and ammunition-carriages left on the field for months, was a noteworthy feature and was visited by throngs of eager sight-seers. Major Latimer died of wounds received here. One captain and one first lieutenant were severely wounded ; two non-commissioned officers and eight men were killed ; two non-commissioned officers and thirty-five men were wounded ; thirty horses were killed. "It was during this artillery duel that John F. Chase received the terrible Avounds which so nearly cost him his life. Our guns grew so hot, in spite of using wet sponges, that it was quite an hour afterwards before one could bear his hand on the knob of the cascabel. Soon after General Howard, com- manding on East Cemetery Hill, sent an aide with the General’s compliments and congratulations for the efficient work done by 94 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. the battery on that occasion, and about this time Lieutenant Matthewson came over from Colonel Wain wright, and fi nding that our ammunition was running low, very kindly offered to see that our chests were refilled. In considerable haste, all that was left in the caissons was transferred to the limber-chests of the guns, and we soon saw our teams disappearing down the pike in the direction of the ammunition trains in the fields towards General Slocum’s headquarters, a mile and a half or so in our rear, and we were left there with a scanty supply of shot and shell, a larger equipment of case shot and all the canister left over from the first day’s fight. " Our guns cooled all the more rapidly from the use of wet sponges which at the same time left the guns clean ; the sun dropped behind the western mountains, and all grew quiet save for the scattered fire of skirmishers, an occasional gun flashing from Little Round Top and the distant sound of the exploding shells ; the dusk of evening was creeping down the valley of Rock Creek and shutting out the town from view, and there was abundant promise of a peaceful night in our immediate front, when suddenly one of our sergeants on the lookout shouted, 'Look ! look at those men,’ and he pointed to our left front in the edge of the town and between our position and the farm buildings of William Culp, where, in line of battle extending nearly to Rock Creek at the base of Benner’s Hill, the enemy could be seen climbing the walls and fences and forming for the assault. The assaulting column was Hays’ brigade ('Louisiana Tigers’) and Hoke’s brigade of North Car- olinians, with Gordon’s brigade in the reserve. Time 7 :45 p. m. "It must be borne in mind that Johnson’s division was already in possession of our works on the right of our line, directly in our rear and within a few hundred yards of the Baltimore pike, and that Rodes’ division, struggling to free itself from the hindrances of the streets and houses of Gettys- burg, was taking position on the west of the town, in the fields fronting our infantry and artillery on Cemetery Hill. "All comrades of the old Fifth know how quickly and how well our guns opened the artillery fire that evening, for the order, 'Case, 2 1-2 degrees, 3 seconds time,’ had hardly been GHAHCELLUHSYILLE, .. ■8 ICES KILLED;- L1FFICEHS AND 19 MEN 'S'QUNDEO Gettysburg; l OFFICERS AND II MEN WOUNDED, -B MEN MISSING. . IN THE ASSAULT UPON E ast cemetery hill IN HIE EVENING OF JULY 2S5 THE ENEMY. (HAYS' AND HOPE'S SSmOESj EXPOSED IHEIRTEFT FIANKTO STEVENS' BATTERY WHICH POURED ATERRlBLE FIRE or- DOUBLE CANISTER INTO ■ their ranks' DOllBlEDAY. STEVENS’ BATTERY SECOND DAY. 95 heard before up went the lids of the limber-chests, the fuses were cut in another moment, and the guns were loaded as if on drill. Slap went the heads of the rammers against the faces of the pieces, a most welcome sound, for at the same moment came the order 'Fire by battery,’ and at once there was the flash and roar of our six guns, the rush of the projectiles, and along the front of the enemy’s charging line every case shot — ' long range canister’ — burst as if on measured ground, at the right time and in the right place above and in front of their advance. This was the first intimation given by artillery of the rebel attack on East Cemetery Hill. General Underwood, at that time commanding the 33d Mass, regiment, wrote me afterwards : “ ‘I had just placed my regiment in line behind the stone wall at the head of the valley separating Culp’s from Cemetery Hill, and had no knowl- edge, the evening was so far advanced, of any artillery near me, when right over my head, it seemed to me, there was a flash of light, a roar and a crash as if a volcano had been let loose. ’ "It was the Fifth Maine battery turned loose on the enemy. In another moment the battery was 'firing at will,’ while Breck, Ricketts and Wiedrich, on East Cemetery Hill, made the ground tremble with their volleys plowing through the lines of the enemy now in full movement and charging on their posi- tion. Two important causes contributed to delay the rebel advance : first, the front fire of fifteen guns on East Cemetery Hill and the flank fire of the Fifth Maine on the northern slope of Culp’s Hill ; second, the delay arising from firing and load- ing, for their lines opened fire in reply even to the feeble resistance offered by our skirmishers. "When the enemy started on this movement their lines nearly faced our position, but as they advanced they obeyed the order given at the outset, and, pivoting on their right which rested on and moved along the outskirts of the town, they so changed direction by an almost right half-wheel of their whole force, that at 8 : 30 we had an oblique fire on them ; and when they were under the steep acclivity of Cemetery Hill, where the guns on the crest couldn’t touch them, the Fifth Maine had an enfilading- fire on their whole left and centre. In this position no other artillery could reach them, and they were 96 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. delivered over to the hot, unsparing havoc of our canister, and it wrought their ruin. " One battery alone was placed so as to fire canister down the valley and to deliver a direct fire on the enemy’s front from East Cemetery Hill. It was Breck with battery L, 1st N. Y., on the low ground on the side of the slope nearest our position ; but in his published report he says : ' I did not use canister for fear of the infantry in my front,’ etc. (a). "A few minutes before this it was found that the right guns of the battery were almost useless because of the position of the enemy’s line rapidly changing and soon to be quite in rear of our left flank ; the left half of the battery was already firing at nearly right angles to the direction taken at the opening, the gunners having followed the enemy’s advancing line by firing more and more left oblique. As soon as it was reported that the left half-battery only could be worked, the right half- battery was ' limbered up ’ and the guns placed in position on the slope to the left and rear of our earthworks and facing the town, and the whole battery was once more effective and this time with canister. " It was now so dark that the enemy’s line could be made out only by the fire from their rifles. The extreme left, bent back, nearly faced us, but their left and centre were still facing the slopes of Cemetery Hill, and a desperate effort was made by their officers under this ' terrible enfilade fire of double canister ’ to rally a sufficient number of their men to enable them to secure foothold among the batteries. General Hays writes : — “ ‘ Here we came upon a considerable body of the enemy and a brisk musketry fire ensued. At the same time his artillery, of which we were now within canister range, opened upon us, but owing to the darkness of the evening now verging into night, and the deep obscurity afforded by the smoke of the firing, our exact locality could not be discovered by the enemy’s gunners, and we thus escaped what in the full light of day could have been nothing else than horrible slaughter.’ — Official Records, Vol. 27, part 2, page 480. " Colonel Godwin, commanding Hoke’s brigade after Colonel Avery was wounded, writes : — “ ‘After the summit of a hill had been gained it was discovered that the batteries we had been ordered to take were considerably to the right of our (a) Rebellion Records, Vol. 27, part X, pp. 362-364. STEVENS’ BATTERY SECOND DAY. 97 right flank and in front of Hays’ brigade. We continued to advance, how- ever, under a terrific fire, climbed a rail fence and still farther beyond descended into a low bottom and dislodged a heavy line of infantry from a stone-wall running parallel with our front. The enemy’s batteries now enfiladed us, and a destructive fire was poured into our ranks from a line of infantry, formed in rear of a stone-wall running at a right angle with our line of battle and immediately below the battery. Colonel Avery now ordered a change of front and succeeded in wheeling the brigade to the right, a movement which none but the steadiest veterans could have exe- cuted under such circumstances; three stone-walls had to be surmounted in swinging around; the ground was rocky and uneven. The men now charged up the hill with heroic determination; in this charge the command had become much separated, and in the darkness it was now found impossible to concentrate more than forty or fifty men at any point for a further advance. Major Tate with a portion of the 6th N. C. regiment, aided by a small number of the 9th La., succeeded in capturing a battery on the right.’ "Major Tate, in a letter to the governor of North Carolina, writes : — “ ‘ Longstreet charged on the south face (of the heights) and was repulsed; A. P. Hill charged on the west face and had been repulsed; and our two brigades were, late in the evening, ordered to charge the north front, and after a struggle such as this war has furnished no parallel to, seventy-five North Carolinians of the sixth regiment and twelve Louisian- ians of Hays’ brigade scaled the walls and planted the colors of the 6th N. C. and the 9th La. on the guns. It was now fully dark .’ — Rebellion Records , Vol. 27, part 2 , pp. 484-486. "That is, only eighty-seven men out of Hoke’s and Hays’ brigades succeeded in reaching the crest of East Cemetery Hill. "Colonel Wainwright states : 'Their centre and left never mounted the hill at all, but their right worked its way up under cover of the houses and pushed its way completely through Wiedrich’s battery into Ricketts’ ’ (a) . " Our only loss of any importance this evening took place about this time ; a volley from that portion of their line nearest us killed four out of six horses on the left piece, the one most exposed to their fire, the piece which nearly touched the right of the 33d Mass, regiment, and was firing obliquely across their front. We had nearly or quite expended the contents of our chests, and some 46-49 rounds of canister had been hurled across the valley and up the slopes of the ridge, occupied by the enemy’s left and centre, when the cry went up from one end of the battery to the other for more canister and for more (a) Rebellion Records, Vol. 27 , part 1, page 358 . 98 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. friction primers ; but our work had already been accomplished. Little by little, rapidly at first and then more slowly, their lines retreated, and we could see that they were falling back by their receding line of fire, and soon all was quiet in our immediate front. I gave the order to limber to the rear, and then, and before the battery moved, I crept down the slope on the right of the battery and found it to be true as reported, that the enemy was in full retreat from our front ; then, and only then, was the battery withdrawn to the Baltimore pike and halted while I went up to the cemetery gate, there found Colonel Wainwright, and reported to him what I had done and why. Infantry was at once placed in our works, and in obedi- ence to Colonel Wain wright’s orders, after finding Lieutenant Matthewson, then on his return to us with full chests, returned to our position, turned out the infantry sleeping there, and at 10 : 30 everything was in the same condition as before the fight of the evening, only better, because our supply of ammunition was more nearly complete than it had been at any previous hour of that day. " While it is true that, on this occasion the battery sustained no material loss, it should not be lost sight of that our position was not the enemy’s objective point ; it is also true, that the enemy could not have comprehended the importance of the position we occupied with reference to the protection it afforded our troops on Cemetery Hill ; for we could enfilade any line advancing to the assault of that crest, and could cover with our canister the sharp acclivity of the hill and its immediate fore- ground, searching their advance with the most demoralizing and destructive of all that is possible from artillery, an enfilad- ing fire of double canister ; and more than all this, it is not what a battery loses, it is the loss it inflicts which is the true measure of its effectiveness. " Some rain during the night refreshed while it wet us thor- ouglilv, though many of the men slept through it all, so great was their fatigue. ’The last sound slumbers of the night held us in their soft but sure embrace ’ until early dawn, when we were violently aroused by an outburst from artillery posted on the hill where the Twelfth corps headquarters were, and on a STEVENS’ BATTERY THIRD DAY. 99 small knoll a little nearer our position. Twenty guns in all (a) opened at 4 a. m., at the short range of 600-800 yards, on the enemy holding possession of that portion of our line vacated the evening before by the Twelfth corps. This cannonade was continued with but short intervals until 10 a. m. Meanwhile the enemy had pushed his lines, strongly reinforced, up to the base and along the slopes of Culp’s Hill for its whole length, and their bullets swept the crest of the knoll where we were, and at one time they seemed so near breaking through in our front that canister was brought up from the limbers and cais- sons, and piled up inside our works behind which our men sought protection. The nearness of the woods in our right front, through which they would have come had they broken through, made this course with reference to ammunition imperative. An attempt was made in the morning to place one or two of our guns in the woods and behind the earthworks on the higher part of Culp’s Hill, where a flank fire could have been obtained, but the attempt was given up because of the impossibility of moving the guns through the woods without first cutting down many trees, — an undertaking considered by General Wadsworth’s aide too hazardous. " The battery was not actively engaged during the 3d. Orders had been received early in the morning to fire at any and all considerable bodies of troops within range, and this was done with the good effect of forcing all troops moving to rein- force Johnson to make a long detour behind Benner’s Hill and the high ground on the further side of Rock Creek. During the forenoon Col. Wain wright came over to the battery and looked us over, and took note of our condition and the oppor- tunities our position gave us to command the open country from Culp’s Hill to the edge of the town, and the fields from Benner’s Hill along the high ground towards what was afterwards known © © © as Hospital Hill ; and he said to me that he hoped we realized that we held ' one of the most important, if not the most impor- tant position on the whole line.’ " I need not refer to any other incident during the remaining portion of the 3d than the sad circumstance of the wounding (a) Rebellion Records, Vol. 27, part 1, page 871. 100 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. and death of corporal Sullivan Luce. * * * I can never forget that hour, for we were firing into the town, word having been sent us that the enemy was forming there for another assault on Cemetery Hill, and aide after aide galloped across to our position with orders for us to be watchful and active. When the prisoners of Pickett’s division were brought over the slope of Cemetery Hill towards our position, and before we could tell that the enemy had been repulsed, it seemed as if our lines were broken, and that our way out was blocked. The battery was then thrown into position to fire to the rear, and in a moment more would have been in action, but then came the cheers and the fight was ended. " General Hunt, chief of artillery at Gettysburg, wrote me under date of June 13, 1887, concerning the part borne by the battery at Gettysburg in the evening of the second day : ' Its splendid service in the repulse of Ewell’s attack on Cemetery Hill was one of the marked features of the battle.’ "In another letter written in 1887, General Hunt wrote : ' The excellent service of the Fifth Maine battery, posted at the head of the ravine, was one of the prominent causes of the success.’ " Concerning the battery and at an earlier date in its history than Gettysburg, General Hunt said : ’No better battery than Leppien’s could be found in the United States service, either volunteer or regular.’ (See A. G. R. Maine, 1863, pp. 123-125.) "Maj.-Gen. Doubleday, commanding First corps at Gettys- burg, replying to a request that he would write some words of commendation of the work done by the battery while in his command and on the evening of July 2, 1863, wrote of 4 the brilliant service the battery performed at Gettysburg in repel- ling or rather crushing the attack of the Texan troops in their attempt to make a permanent lodgment among the Eleventh corps troops on Cemetery Hill, — the battery’s enfilading fire was so destructive and so well directed that only a remnant of Avery’s and Hays’ brigades returned to their original positions in line. It gives me pleasure to testify to the very important part borne [by the battery] and to its great influence in decid- ing the victory in our favor.’ STEVENS’ BATTERY PARTICIPANTS. 101 " The battery came into my charge, as it did into the care of Captain Stevens my immediate predecessor, a terrible engine of war, tried and proven, and in the highest degree perfected, fresh from the hands of a master in the science and art of war, one who was highly accomplished in all that pertained to a light artillery organization ; for it was said of Leppien as early as November, 1861, by an authority no less distinguished than General Barry, chief of artillery of the defenses of Washington : ' He knows all about artillery from the face of the piece to the tips of the leader’s ears.’ Well and nobly did he fulfill the promise of his earlier years ; how well, the record bears abun- dant and indisputable evidence.” PARTICIPANTS. Officers and men of the Fifth Maine Battery present for duty in the battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 2, and 3, 1863. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain, Greenlief T. Stevens, Augusta. First Lieutenant, Edward N. Whittier, Gorham. Second Lieutenant, Charles O. Hunt, Gorham. SERGEANTS. Lorrin E. Bundy, Columbia, N. H., James L. Loomis, Colebrook, N. H., James C. Bartlett, Bethel, James W. White, Vassalboro. CORPORALS. Lemuel A. Cummings, Augusta, Edward P. Stearns, Bethel, James H. Lebroke, Lewiston, David I. Black, Hanover, N. H., Andrew J. Welch, Wells, Charles A. Hinckley, Belgrade, Roliston Woodbury, Sweden, Michael Hickey, Lewiston, Hiram M. Paul, Stewartstown, N. H. Musician: Calvin W. Richardson, Lewiston. ARTIFICERS. John Murphy, Portland, Alden S. Dudley, Augusta, William H. Huskins, Belgrade. Charles O. Kennard, Portland, Isaiah W. Spiller, Gilead. PRIVATES. Bailey, Warren B., Lisbon, Berry, William, Portland, Blackman, Joseph B., Augusta, Bradley, Michael, Portland, Brown, Charles E., Carratunk PI., Brown Rufus, Brighton,* Brown, Sylvester L., Colebrook, N. H. Brown, William C. A., Poland, Bryant, Charles M., Winslow, Cannon, Joseph B., Farmingdale, Casey, James, Portland, Chase, John F., Augusta, Clapp, Andrew J., Portland, Cook, Charles W., Athens, * Given as Bridgton on company rolls. 102 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Connor, Maurice O., P. Edward’s Is., Cummings, Henry A., Augusta, Dutton, Ruel W., Augusta, Hamilton, Henry A., Vassalboro, Harmon, Algernon S., Portland, Heath, Albert, Pittsburg, Hussey, John F., Augusta, Leonard, William, Lewiston, Luce, Sullivan, Auburn, Mennealy, Thos. B., Columbia, N. H. Morse, Bennett, Grafton, Paine, John A., Hallowell, Powers, Corydon, Hanover, St. Clair, Isaac P., Lisbon, Smith, Charles, Hallowed, Sukeforth, James L., Washington, Towne, William I., Vassalboro, Varney, Alden M., Houlton, Warren, Edward, Lewiston, Whittier, George W., Gorham, Witham, Edwin F., Loved, Woods, John, Portland, Worster, John, Belgrade. Crane, Charles L., Fayette, Dunton, David H., Pleasant Ridge PI., Greene, Patrick, Lewiston, Hanson, John H., Lewiston, Harris, Horace, Stewartstown, N. H., Hinkley, Alonzo, Lisbon, Kelly, Patrick, Portland, Lombard, James A., Belgrade, Maxwell, Richard E., Minot, , Mitchell, Stephen, Paris, Nevers, William H., Sweden, Pike, Charles E., Bridgton, Ryan, William, Augusta, Simpson, Aaron, Sheffield, Vt., Spider, Francis J., Gilead, Thompson, Eben, Portland, Tuttle, Wilbert D., Athens, Varney, John H., Manchester, White, Henry, Stratford, N. H., Witham, Charles C., Portland, Withee, Charles A., Madison, Woods, Joseph, Portland, On Daily Duty and Detached Service. Sergeants: George W. Woodbury, Sweden, in quartermaster and commissary department; John A. Brown, Portland. Wagoner: Joseph L. Marston, Portland, forage master. Privates: Henry H. Hunt, Gorham, acting hospital steward; Frank E. Pearson, Orono, and John P. Ryan, Augusta, in invalid detachment. Not included in the above there were fifty-three men serving with the battery detached from the 83d and 94th N. Y. regiments. REVISED REPORT OF CASUALTIES. Captain: Greenlief T. Stevens, wounded July 2, both legs. Second Lieutenant: Charles O. Hunt, wounded July 1, leg. PRIVATES. Bailey, Warren B., wounded July 1, leg. Brown, Sylvester L., wounded; died Sept. 13. Bryant, Charles M., killed July 1. Chase, John F., wounded July 3, arm and eye. Leonard, William, wounded July 1, chest. Lombard, James A., wounded July 3, leg. Luce, Sullivan, killed July 3. Paine, John A., wounded July 1, arm. St. Clair, Isaac P., prisoner July 1. Simpson, Aaron, wounded July 1, wrist. Smith, Charles, prisoner July 1. Witham, Edwin F., wounded July 1, ankle. STEVENS’ BATTERY HISTORICAL SKETCH. 103 The following casualties occurred among the men from the 94th N. Y. : Privates: John Berry, prisoner July i; John Dwyer, prisoner July i; Huntermark, prisoner July i; Hosea Kenyon, wounded July 3; A. C. Marvin, prisoner July 1; Homer Nichols, wohnded July 3; James F. Sea- coy, wounded July 3; William Widner, killed July 1. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF FIFTH MAINE BATTERY. BY BREVET MAJOR GREENLIEE T. STEVENS. This battery was raised at large and entered the service under favorable auspices. It was mustered into the United States service December 4, 1861, officered as follows : George F. Leppien, Portland, Captain ; William F. Twitch- ell, Portland, Greenlief T. Stevens, Augusta, First Lieutenants ; Adelbert B. Twitchell, Bethel, Ezra Clark, Portland, Second Lieutenants. The battery was rendezvoused at Augusta until the tenth day of March, 1862, on which day it left for Portland, and remained quartered at Fort Preble until April 1st, when it proceeded to Washington. There it remained until the 19th of May, when it embarked for Acquia Creek, Va. Then field operations commenced which continued to the close of the war. Gettysburg was only one of the many engagements in which the battery bore an honorable part. During its entire term of service it was continually at the front excepting a brief period in the fall of 1862, refitting after being roughly treated by the enemy. It served in succession under McDowell, Pope, Mc- Clellan, Burnside, Hooker, Meade, Grant and Sheridan. On August 9, 1862, at Cedar Mountain, Va., the battery was first under fire (a). It took position at night during a heavy can- nonade but was not engaged, and sustained no losses. On the twentieth day of August, 1862, the battery was at Rappahannock Station in position on the northerly bank of the river covering and protecting the bridge at that place, and on the two days following engaged the enemy’s artillery and assisted (a) Sometimes called Cedar Run and Slaughter’s Mountain. 104 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. in dispersing a body of their infantry attempting to form near the bridge. On the 23d the battery covered the retreat to Warrenton during which one of the guns was disabled by recoil and was sent to the rear. On August 28th the battery fell back with the division to Thoroughfare Gap ; but the enemy was there in advance, holding possession, and were masters of the situation. In the afternoon the battery was engaged, taking position on a steep knoll and bring across the gorge. Three days previous to this " Stonewall ” Jackson (Thomas J.) by a circuitous route had stolen quietly away under the direction of his chief and marched his entire corps around the right flank of our army by way of Amissville, Orleans and Salem, keeping thus far west of the Bull Run Mountains. He passed the main body of his corps through Thoroughfare Gap in these mountains two days before the Fifth battery was there, and on the night of the 26th was at Bristoe Station on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad in rear of our army and between it and Washington, thus breaking General Pope’s communica- tion by railroad with his base of supplies and compelling him to abandon his position on the Rappahannock and make a hasty retreat without a decisive battle being fought (a). On August 30th the battery was on the battlefield of Bull Run. On the afternoon of that disastrous day, when the battle had become general and was raging with great violence along the whole line, our left was sorely pressed, and quickly Gen- eral Tower was sent with the Second and Third brigades of Ricketts’ division and the Second and Fifth Maine batteries, for its relief. This position our troops endeavored most gallantly to maintain. But infantry and artillery alike were overwhelmed and the enemy were at once in the midst of the battery. Our troops suffered severely. Four guns of the Fifth battery were captured. One gun and the line of caissons were saved. Gen- eral Tower fell, seriously wounded. Lieutenant William F. Twitchell, who was in command of the battery, was killed and left on the field ; his body, however, was afterwards recovered and sent to his friends in Maine. He was mounted when shot. (a) Rebellion Records, Vol. 12 , part 2, page 181. STEVENS’ BATTERY HISTORICAL SKETCH. 105 The fatal bullet struck him in the right side through the vest pocket. A buck-shot hole was also found through one of his gloves (a). Sergt. Orrison Woods and George W. Stone of Augusta and James Thompson of Houlton were also killed. Sergt. George E. Freeman of Portland and privates John Finley of Lewiston and Ezra T. Fletcher of Stewartstown, N. H., were mortally wounded. George T. Bishop and Horace Harris of Stewartstown, John McCormic of Vassalboro, Jonathan B. Wescott of Athens and Eli Whitney of Denmark were wounded. General Ricketts, in speaking of the artillery of his division in that engagement in his official report, said : " Captains Mathews’ and Thompson’s Penn, batteries and Captains Lep- pien’s and Hall’s Maine batteries deserve to be mentioned not only for their uniform attention to their duties, but for their efficiency throughout the 30th of August.” After this engagement the battery was ordered to Washing- ton to refit and rejoin the division at the earliest possible date. The battery next confronted the enemy at Fredericksburg. It crossed the Rappahannock December 12, 1862, on the lower pontoon bridge. It was in the left Grand Division which was commanded by General Franklin. After crossing, the battery parked some ten or twelve hundred yards southwest of a large stone mansion, where it remained until the morning of the 13th. Then it moved with the division in a southeasterly direction along the enemy’s front and took position in rear of an embankment at a sunken road, which furnished a partial protection for men, horses and pieces. About three o’clock and thirty minutes in the afternoon the battery under orders moved to the left of the division, crossed the road and took position in front of Birney’s division. At four o’clock p. m. or perhaps a little later the enemy opened a brisk cannonade from the woods in our direct front at a dis- tance of 900 yards, which the Fifth and the other batteries on that part of the line answered by a rapid and effective fire. The enemy’s guns were silenced in less than twenty minutes. About five o’clock the enemy again opened from a position (a) Captain Leppien, disabled by painful disease, was riding in an ambulance on that occasion. Lieutenant Stevens was absent under special orders. The command of the battery thus devolved upon Second Lieutenant A. B. Twitchell. 106 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. further to our left and were again readily silenced. The bat- tery maintained that position during the night of the 13th. On Sunday, the 14th, it threw several shots at the enemy with- out reply, after which it was withdrawn and resumed its former position in rear of the embankment at the sunken road. During the engagement Captain Leppien was also acting chief of artillery of Gibbon’s division, and in his absence, which was a large portion of the time, the battery was under the immediate command of Lieutenant Stevens. Captain Randolph, chief of artillery of Birney’s division, Third corps, which was serving with the First corps, after complimenting the batteries under his own command in his official report said : " The batteries of Captains Cooper and Leppien on my left did good service. The practice of the Fifth Maine (Captain Leppien’s) attracted my special notice and admiration” (a). In this engagement the battery lost no men either killed or wounded, and from any data at hand we are unable to give the number of horses killed or ammunition expended. After the battle at Fredericksburg the battery went into quarters near Fletcher’s Chapel, Va., where it remained until the twentieth day of January of the following year, when it broke camp and marched to near Banks’ Ford on the Rappa- hannock. The storms of winter had been heavy. The ground had been frozen and thawed, and the roads, after a few thou- sand troops with their artillery and wagons had passed over them, became beds of deep mire. They were next to impass- able, and the whole army was virtually stuck in the mud. This was known as "Burnside’s Mud March.” On the return of the army to its winter quarters the battery re-occupied its old camp. After General Hooker succeeded General Burnside, the battery was assigned to the artillery brigade of the First corps. On the twenty-eighth day of April the battery again broke camp and moved to the bank of the Rappahannock near General Franklin’s crossing; and on the second day of May marched up the river and crossed the same at United States Ford and encamped for the night between the river and Chan- (a) Rebellion Records, Vol. 21, page 3G5. STEVENS BATTERY HISTORICAL SKETCH. 107 cellorsville. On Sunday, the third of May, about eight o’clock in the forenoon, orders were received by Captain Leppien from Colonel Wainwright, chief of artillery of the First corps, to move the battery to the front and report, to General Reynolds, commanding the corps. While on the way to the front, orders were received from General Hooker that the batteries in reserve should move along to Chancellorsville, which was near the centre of our line, and report to the chief of artillery there. On arriving and report- ing, the battery was ordered to take position in an open field just to the right of the Chancellor House, the left piece being near one of the outbuildings. The enemy’s line extended along the southerly edge of the field and into the woods at an esti- mated distance of 450 or 500 yards. As soon as the battery emerged from the woods and made its appearance upon the open field their infantry was removed from our front, which disclosed their artillery posted in the rear and partially covered by a slight elevation. The enemy had our exact range. He immediately opened upon us the most galling and destructive fire that the battery ever experi- enced ; its location furnished not the slightest protection, and our men and horses began to fall before the battery was in position. The following communication to the Adjutant-Gen- eral of Maine tells the sad story in brief : *' Headquarters Fifth Battery Maine Vols., Camp Near White Oak Church, Va., May 8, 1863. General: — Enclosed I have the honor to hand you Monthly Returns for the month of April of the battery under my command, also a list of killed and wounded of the battery in the recent action of May 3, 1863. I shall as soon as possible transmit to you a detailed report of the part per- formed by the battery in that action. I remain, General, very respectfully your obedient servant, G. T. Stevens, Lieutenant , Commanding Battery. Brig. -Gen. John L. Hodsdon, Adjt.-Gen' l State of Maine, Augusta, Maine.” List of killed and wounded in action of May 3, 1863 : KILLED. Sergt. William F. Locke, Corp. Benjamin F. Grover. William W. Ripley, James Nason, PRIVATES. Timothy Sullivan,* James P. Holt. 108 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. WOUNDED. Capt. George F. Leppien, severely, left leg amputated. Lieut. G. T. Stevens, slightly, flesh wound left side. Lieut. A. B. Twitchell, severely, flesh wound in leg, two fingers amputated. Sergt. James C. Bartlett, slight, leg. Sergt. Andrew McRae, severely, right breast. Corp. Lemuel A. Cummings, slight, neck. PRIVATES. Alonzo Hinkley, slight, face. Charles L. Crane, slight, foot. Edwin F. Witham, slight, foot. Joseph Woods, slight, face. Charles M. Kimball, severely, arm. William H. Nason, severely, hand. James Russell,* severely, back. Joseph Holsinger,* slight, arm. Total: Six men killed, three o * Detached from the 136th regiment John Bolinger,* slight, head. Roliston Woodbury, slight, back. Heylep Powers,* slight, arm. Napoleon B. Perkins, severely, leg. Edward A. Stewart, severely, leg. Edwin L. Knowlton, severely, leg. Cornelius O’Neil, severely, leg. George Dennison, severely, side, cers and nineteen men wounded, inn. Vols. and serving in the battery. Captain Leppien was the first officer wounded. He was on his horse. The battery was in full play. Every gun was being worked to its utmost capacity. An exploded shell struck his leg not far from the ankle joint nearly severing the foot. Amputation followed, after great loss of blood, then extreme prostration and finally death on Sunday, May 24th, in the city of Washington. He held a Lieut. -Col’s commission in the Maine Mounted Artillery, but on account of some delay was not mustered into the United States service as such until May 18th. He rests in a patriot’s grave in Laurel Hill Cemetery on the banks of the Schuylkill near Philadelphia, the city in which he was born. Lieutenant Stevens was the next officer wounded. He was hit or grazed by a shot or shell which felled him to the ground, tearing the clothing from his side and giving him a severe shock with a slight flesh wound. The command of the battery then devolved upon Lieut. A. B. Twitched, who continued to work the battery until it was nearly silenced for want of cannoneers, most of them being killed or wounded, and he himself severely wounded. The battery was thus deprived of its three ranking offi- cers, when Lieutenant Edmund Kirby of Battery I, 1st U. S. artillery, was ordered by General Couch to its assistance. STEVENS’ BATTERY HISTORICAL SKETCH. 109 He had scarcely arrived when his horse lost a fore leg by a cannon shot. Kirby called for a pistol which was handed him and he shot his horse on the spot. That scene had hardly been enacted when Lieut. Kirby received a fatal wound, his thigh being smashed by a ball from a spherical case shot. He lost his leg and lost his life. Beside the three officers of the battery who had been dis- abled, not including Lieut. Kirby, six men had been killed and nineteen men wounded and forty-three horses killed. Corporal James H. Lebroke then informed General Hancock of the condition of affairs, who ordered a detail from the infantry which removed the pieces by hand to a place of safety. One gun and the caissons had previously been taken from the field. The gun was disabled. It was struck on the face by a solid shot and its muzzle closed. Notwithstanding the disadvantages under which the battery labored, the men behaved in the most gallant manner, continuing to work their pieces until their ammunition at hand was exhausted. The Chancellor house, which was being used as a hospital, was shelled and fired by the enemy. The wounded were removed from within and around it, and by ten o’clock in the forenoon our whole line fell back in the direction of the United States Ford and established a new line half a mile to the rear of its former position. No Union troops thereafter occupied the position vacated by the battery. Lieut. -Col. C. H. Morgan, chief of artillery, Second corps, in his official report said : "I do not think it [the ground] could have been held by any number of guns I could have placed in the contracted ground near the Chancellor house ” (a) . With great exertion the battery was brought to White Oak Church, refitted, and a large detail obtained from the infantry was drilled and made efficient by the time the army moved north on the Gettysburg campaign. Batteries of mounted artillery in the service were called or named after their captains or permanent commanders who were chargeable with and accountable for all of the property belong- ing to the same. As their commanders changed, the name of (a) Rebellion Records, Vol. 25, part 1, page 310. no MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. the battery changed also. Thus the Fifth Maine Battery was known as Leppien’s battery up to and including the battle of Chancellorsville. Subsequently the same battery, in the offi- cial reports and in history, having changed its captain and per- manent commander was known and called Stevens’ battery. The same applied to all batteries, regulars and volunteers alike. It is well known that the Maine Mounted Artillery was raised and mustered into the United States service as inde- pendent batteries. Under this arrangement there was no promotion beyond a captaincy. The captain was the highest officer. To obviate this seeming hardship the several batteries in the field formed a quasi-regime ntal organization among themselves and asked the appointment and muster of field officers. This was granted by the war department rather as an act of favoritism towards the Maine artillery than a strict military right. In chronological order the battle of Gettysburg, an account of which has already been given, came next. In November of that year the battery took part in the Mine Run campaign. Its service consisted only in marching and counter-marching until it finally went into winter quarters at Culpeper, Va., and was at that place when General Grant arrived and established his headquarters there. In the spring of 1864 the Army of the Potomac was reor- ganized. The old First corps that had won renown under General Reynolds was merged into the Fifth corps. The Third corps (formerly Sickles’) became a part of the Second corps and the Fifth battery was temporarily assigned to the artillery reserve. On May 4th the army commenced its colossal campaign of that year. The battery crossed the Rapidan at Ely’s Ford and encamped for the night near the battlefield of Chancellorsville. On the 5th the enemy were encountered in force in the Wilder- ness and from subsequent events both Grant and Lee were evidently fired with determination to win. There was but little skirmishing to foreshadow the coming storm, the strangest battle ever fought, one that no man could see. Its progress could only be determined by the crashing volleys of musketry STEVENS’ BATTERY HISTORICAL SKETCH. Ill and the Union cheer and rebel yell as the lines swayed back and forth. It is impossible to conceive of a held worse adapted to the movements of a great army. The country was thickly wooded, with an occasional opening and intersected by a few narrow roads. "It is the region of gloom and the shadow of death.” Manoeuvring for advantage was out of the question. The troops could only receive direction by point of the com- pass. Commanders could not see their own lines of battle, but there came out of the depth of the forest the roll and crash of musketry, volley upon volley, that told the sad story of death. Artillery was almost entirely ruled out of use, and cavalry was but a little more useful. The contest continued two days, but it decided nothing. It was in every feature a drawn battle, and its result was only shown in the thousands of dead and wounded in blue and gray that lay scattered through that dismal forest. The battery stood in harness both night and day and was once or twice in position but, like most of the 271 held guns that crossed the Rapidan with the army, was not engaged in the battle of the Wilderness, (a) On May 17th the battery was withdrawn from the artillery reserve and assigned to the Sixth corps under General Wright and ordered to report to Colonel C. H. Tompkins, chief of artillery. This was Sedg- wick’s old fighting corps, but Sedgwick was not then living. He was killed on the 9th, eight days before the battery joined the corps. On the 21st the battery was in line near Spotsyl- vania Court House and engaged the enemy, expending 118 rounds of ammunition without loss. On the 24th the battery crossed the North Anna at Jericho Ford, and the next day struck the Virginia Central Railroad and shelled the enemy near Little River while reinforcing their pickets. The railroad was effectually cut, the track torn up, the ties piled and burned and the rails heated and bent, render- ing them useless. On May 26th the battery recrossed the North Anna, marched to the Pamunkey, crossed the river and entrenched, and on the 2 7th was in the advance guard ; the next day was in the rear guard, and tired eight or ten rounds at the (a) The 274 guns do not include eight Coehorn mortars and 42 guns of the Ninth corps (Burnside’s) which joined the army in May. The Confederates had 213 field guns which were but little used. 112 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. enemy’s cavalry that harassed the rear of our column. This was during the march to Cold Harbor where the battery arrived on the first day of June; but Sheridan was there in advance, and with his ever present cavalry had driven the enemy from their barricades, capturing half a regiment of cavalry and a few of Hoke’s infantry. The battery was not at once ordered into position ; but on the second day of J une, by direction of the corps chief of artil- lery, Lieut. Bucklyn, aide-de-camp, and the captain of the bat- tery made a reconnaissance, on their hands and knees, in front of the First division through the ferns and low bushes to ascer- tain whether the position would be tenable for artillery, and they decided that, if proper earthworks were thrown up, artillery could be used to good advantage, and so reported at head- quarters. No man in that position could stand upright without being shot in a moment. Consequently the services of Captain Walker of the Fifth Maine regiment with his company of pio- neers were secured, and as soon as dark, earthworks, rude but of a substantial character, were constructed on the right bank of the Gaines’ Mill road, and at two o’clock at night the pieces of one section (two guns) were quietly placed in the works by hand, it being imprudent to bring the horses within 100 yards, as the least noise would draw the enemy’s fire who were not more than 275 yards away. Four ammunition chests were dis- mounted and placed in trenches dug for their security, and such other ammunition as was deemed requisite was taken from the caissons, wrapped in ponchos and placed in the gun pits for immediate use. The horses and limbers were sent to a ravine in the woods some 400 yards to the rear. The captain and seven men with each gun took position in the gun pits, and at four o’clock on the morning of the 3d our lines were advanced, when these two guns immediately opened, showering the ene- my’s rifle pits with canister and driving and keeping the enemy in front down in their trenches. During the early part of the day no attention was paid to the enemy’s artillery as their fire was principally directed at these two guns and doing but little harm, their projectiles either striking and stopping in the earth in front or passing harmlessly over head and exploding, many STEVENS’ BATTERY HISTORICAL SKETCH. 113 of them, far to the rear. A battery that was posted directly in front, less than 300 yards distant, when it became troublesome was twice shelled into silence during the day. The enemy’s shells having the plug fuse would not work at such short range, while our battery was furnished with the Bormann fuse, which could be cut to explode at any distance required within range of the guns. On that day and at that point no other artillery was on the front line, but these two guns made themselves heard both far and near. An eye-witness reported as follows : " In the battle of Cold Harbor, Stevens’ battery, belonging to the Sixth corps, was so near the rebel line that the soldiers nicknamed it ' Battery Insult.’ It stirred up the rebels in a most aggravating manner, and was an excessively dangerous spot to be seen in. After the discharge of the pieces hundreds of bullets would zip through the embrasures and around the earthworks ; occasionally round shot would batter down portions of the work, but the artillerists stuck to it and did good execution.” On June 4th the battery was not engaged, and on the morn- ins: of the 5th between two and three o’clock these two guns were withdrawn, having expended 16 canister, 16 shell, 64 solid shot and 128 spherical case without the loss of a man either killed or wounded. On the 7th the battery was ordered to report to Major- General Birney, commanding a division of the Second corps, as he was short of artillery, and was immediately ordered into position at Barker’s Mill on the right of Mott’s brigade, which at that time formed the left of our line. On the evening of the 8th received orders from General Birney that for every shot that the enemy threw at his headquarters, which were on an elevation across the mill pond in rear of the battery, to throw one on Turkey Hill, which was at right angles with the enemy’s battery. This practice was continued for an hour or more, when the enemy discovering the modus operandi ceased their fire. Ammunition expended, 19 shot and 16 shell. The enemy, using the Whitworth gun, were at least one mile distant across the Chickahominy. On the 9th engaged the enemy at a distance of 1,000 yards, 114 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. expending 32 shot, 159 spherical case and 19 shell. No cas- ualties were met with as the battery was well protected by earth- works thrown up during the first night under Birney. From that time nothing worthy of note occurred in the battery during the forward movement of the army until June 16th, when the battery was ordered into position with the corps, covering the crossing of the James by the army. On the 18th the battery went into position before Petersburg and at once remodeled an old rifle pit of the enemy, in their outer line of works, making it appropriate for artillery, and opened on the enemy, expend- ing eight shot and 24 spherical case, with the loss of one man wounded (a). By direction of Colonel Tompkins one section of the bat- tery was withdrawn that night and ordered to report to General Wheaton, who directed it to take position some 800 or 900 yards to the front, on the right of the road leading up the Appo- mattox to a point nearer Petersburg. Nearly the same opera- tions were repeated here as at Cold Harbor. The guns were unlimbered and run into position by hand, ammunition chests dismounted and sunk into trenches, and the horses and limbers wei'e sent to the rear. ''In the early part of the night Lieutenant Charles O. Hunt, whose section was to take this advanced position, went out in advance to acquaint himself with the location. Owing to a wrong direction given him by General Wheaton, and to the fact that there was a gap in our picket line at this point, he fell into the hands of the enemy. He remained a prisoner until Febru- ary 22, 1865, when he was paroled, and was finally exchanged and rejoined the battery in the field on April 13, 1865” (b). On the 29th day of June the battery with the Sixth corps marched to Beams Station, south of Petersburg, ordered there to reinforce General James II. Wilson, who was returning to the army of the Potomac from his cavalry raid against the South Side and Danville railroads ; but we were too late to render him assistance. On the 6th day of July the battery returned to Petersburg (a) Private John Worster, Belgrade. Only man wounded in the battery during this campaign under Grant. (h) Statement of Lieutenant Hunt. STEVENS’ BATTERY HISTORICAL SKETCH. 115 and reported to General Getty, commanding the Second division, Sixth corps, and went into position near the left of our line, which was thrown back facing in a direction nearly opposite to that of Petersburg, and commenced work on an unfinished redoubt. On the night of the 9th marched to City Point. On the evening of the 10th embarked the cannoneers and guns on the steamer Jefferson and the drivers and horses on another transport, under orders to sail for the city of Washington and rejoin the corps, — the city being threatened by the rebel army under Early. The battery arrived in Washington and reported at artillery headquarters of the corps at Crystal Spring, at two o’clock on the morning of the 13th, and immediately went into position. The enemy had pushed up around Fort Stevens, and had been driven back by Getty’s division of the Sixth corps, temporarily under command of General Wheaton. After the arrival of the Fifth battery the remainder of the night, or rather the morning of the 13th, was occupied in strengthening our position, burying the dead and caring for the wounded. At daylight on the 13th it was discovered that the enemy were moving from our front in the direction of Rockville, Md. Then commenced a new campaign which culminated in Sher- idan’s crowning victories in the valley of the Shenandoah. For the next two months the battery participated in the general movements and operations of the corps ; marching to Snicker’s Gap in the Blue Ridge Mountains by way of Poolesville, White’s Ford and Leesburg, and returning to Georgetown, D. C., by way of Leesburg and the Chain Bridge across the Potomac. F rom Georgetown, D. C., the battery with the corps pro- ceeded to Harper’s Ferry by way of the Monocacy and Fred- erick City, thus taking an active part in the defensive campaign for the protection of Baltimore and Washington. On August 5th General Grant directed a concentration of the forces of Generals Wright, Emory and Crook in the vicinity of Harper’s Ferry without delay, with orders that if the enemy moved north of the Potomac to follow him and attack him wherever he went. On the 6th Sheridan crossed the Potomac and entered his new field of operations, the Shenandoah Valley. 116 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. On the 21st the battery entrenched on the Berry ville pike near Charlestown, W. Va., and that night fell back to Hall- town, within four miles of Harper’s Ferry, and again entrenched, the corps being largely outnumbered by the enemy. But Sher- idan soon assembled a powerful army, afterwards known as the Army of the Shenandoah. It embraced the Sixth corps, 13,344, infantry and artillery, under General Wright : the Nineteenth corps, 13,025, under General Emory; the Eighth corps (a) , 7,507, under General Crook ; and the cavalry, with its accompanying artillery, 6,818, under General Torbert, making the sum total of 40,694 troops south of the Potomac by Sep- tember 10th, 1864. The above number does not include 4,815 troops included in the district of Harper’s Ferry, which were also south of the Potomac. This was the most effective Union force ever assembled in the Shenandoah Valley. From the twenty-first day of August to the eighteenth day of September nothing unusual occurred, the battery making the usual marches and counter-marches with the corps incidental to a campaign. On the evening of the 18th orders were received to be ready to march at two o’clock the next morning, the 19th. The bat- tery was in harness at the appointed time and soon after moved with the artillery brigade, Sixth corps, from a point near Clifton to Opequan Creek, a distance of some five or six miles, beyond which, and within about three miles of Winchester, the enemy were encountered in force. The Union line of battle, facing to the west, was formed from left to right in the following order : Wilson’s division of cavalry ; Sixth corps, General Wright ; Nineteenth corps, General Emory ; Merritt’s and Averell’s divisions of cavalry. General Crook’s command was held in reserve at the Opequon until a later hour in the day. The batteries of the Sixth corps were ordered into position on the corps front by Colonel C. H. Tompkins, chief of artillery. The formation was effected under an annoying fire of the enemy. Notwithstanding the early hour in which the army moved, it was not in line of battle ready to advance until past eleven o’clock in the forenoon. In the attack the Sixth and Nineteenth corps (a) Crook’s command — two divisions — was more strictly designated: “Army of West Virginia, ” by Sheridan, and in the official reports. See Rebellion Records, Vol. 43, part 1, pp. 40, 403. STEVENS’ BATTERY HISTORICAL SKETCH. 117 advanced in fine order and in great spirit, driving for the time everything before them. After an advance of several hundred yards of both infantry and artillery a most determined charge of the enemy was made on the left of the Nineteenth corps, crowding it back and turning the flank of the Third division of the Sixth corps (Ricketts’) and threatened a disaster. "The moment was a fearful one. Such a sight rarely occurs more than once in any battle as was presented in the open space between two pieces of woodland into which the cheering enemy poured. The whole rebel line, reckless of bullets, even of the shells of our batteries, constantly advanced.” General Getty, commanding the Second division of the Sixth corps, in his official report said : " The success of the enemy, however, was but momentary. He was promptly met, held in check, and finally repulsed by several batteries, promi- nent among which was Stevens’ (Maine) battery of light twelve- pounders, of the corps, and troops of the First division” (a). "When the Nineteenth army corps was repulsed,” said Col. C. H. Tompkins, "and the enemy had passed the right flank of the 1st N. Y. [battery] I ordered it withdrawn to the ridge about 100 yards in rear and on the left of the Fifth Maine. " To the front and right of this position the enemy was checked, the Fifth Maine enfiladed his line with canister, and finally was driven to the cover of the woods.” * * * "I cannot speak,” he says, "in too high terms of the con- duct of the officers and men of the command. Particular men- tion should be made of Capt. G. T. Stevens, commanding the Fifth Maine battery, and First Lieut. W. H. Johnson, com- manding 1st N. Y. Independent battery, for the gallant man- ner in which they handled their batteries when charged by the enemy, at which time Lieutenant Johnson was seriously wounded” (b). * * * Colonel Tompkins further said in the same report : " To the following named officers of my staff I am expressly indebted for valuable assistance, and would respectfully recom- mend them to the major-general commanding for promotion (a) Rebellion Records, Vol. 43, part l, page 192. 'Ll Rebellion Records, Vol. 43, part 1 , pages 271, 272. 118 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. for gallant and meritorious conduct in both engagements : First Lieut. E. X. Whittier, acting Assistant Adjutant-General, Fifth Maine battery ; First Lieut. J. K. Buddy n, acting aide- de-camp, 1st R. I. Light Artillery.” General Wright, commanding the corps, gave the following concise account of the enemy’s repulse : " The First division [Russell’s] moved admirably on the enemy, and the batteries with canister opened upon them with murderous effect, the two driving them back in much disorder. This was the turning point in the conflict” (a). The Fifth Maine and the 1st N. Y. Independent were the only batteries having a fire on that part of the line. Lieutenant Johnson was mortally wounded and soon died. General Rus- sell in the hour of triumph was instantly killed, a piece of shell penetrating his chest in the region of his heart. "His death,” said Sheridan, "brought sadness to every heart in the army.” Among other losses, that charge and temporary advantage cost the enemy the loss of Major-General Robert E. Rodes, one of their most experienced and skillful division commanders. It was now long past noon, and the broken portion of Ricketts’ line was quickly reformed in rear of Russell’s division, now under Upton. Dwight’s division of the Nineteenth corps took the place of Grover’s. The latter, however, was promptly rallied and brought up ; and the Eighth corps, which had been held in reserve down by the Opequan, was ordered to move rapidly to the front, and was placed in line on the right of the Nineteenth corps. Sheridan was now prepared for his culmi- nating effort. Our whole line was then advanced, and the enemy driven at every point and pushed steadily back, con- testing every foot until five o’clock in the afternoon, when, to use the language of Sheridan, "We sent them whirling through Winchester,” and the victory was complete. General Wheaton, commanding the First brigade, Second division, Sixth corps, described the closing scene of the engage- ment as follows: "With little difficulty we advanced to the brick house on the north side of the pike and at the foot of the slope east of Winchester. A severe artillery fire was here (a) Rebellion Records, Vol. 43, part 1, page 150. STEVENS’ BATTERY HISTORICAL SKETCH. 119 encountered and here some of the enemy’s infantry seemed inclined to delay for a short time our advance. Sending to General Getty for a battery to confront the one that was giving us so destructive a fire, I soon had Captain Stevens’ Fifth Maine battery trotting up to our support. From the moment it opened, our forward movement was without opposition, and the enemy could be seen in the distance running, routed, to the rear in the direction of the Winchester and Strasburg pike. Our men were wild with delight at this evidence of their glori- ous success, and could hardly be restrained and kept in the ranks” (a). In the engagement the battery did its full share of the work. It expended 283 solid shot, 220 spherical case, 66 shell, and 39 canister, total 608 rounds ; or in other words it burned 1,520 pounds of powder and hurled 7,296 pounds of iron into the enemy’s ranks with the loss of only six men wounded (b) . The ground on which the battle was fought was, for the most part, rolling, and every advantage was taken of the same to save our men and punish the enemy. The Union losses were 697 killed, 3,983 wounded, 338 missing; total 5,018. The enemy reported their total loss to be 3,611 not includ- ing their cavalry, which is not given. Among the trophies captured were five pieces of artillery, nine battle flags, a num- ber of caissons and 4,000 stand of small arms (c). On September 20th at an early hour in the morning Sheri- dan’s victorious army moved up the Shenandoah Valley in pursuit of the enemy. The cavalry preceded the infantry and artillery on the march. The valley to the north of the Stras- burg is at least twenty miles in width. There it narrows up to four miles, being intersected by other mountains ; and at Fisher’s Hill, two miles further south, it is still more narrow. To the latter point, eighteen miles from Winchester, Early had hastily fallen back. In that position, with mountains on his right and left, he felt himself secure. (a) Rebellion Records, Vol. 43, part 1, page 198. (b) Rebellion Records, Vol. 43, part 1, page 273; Maine Adjutant-General’s Report, 1864, page 238. Two of the wounded were Michael Bradley, of Portland, and Henry Turner, of Rome. (c) Rebellion Records, Vol. 43, part 1, page 25. 120 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. The twenty-first was spent in driving the enemy’s skir- mishers through Strasburg back upon their defenses at Fisher’s Hill, and in securing a commanding lodgment on the ridge to the north of Tumbling Run in front of the enemy’s main posi- tion. Their right was found to be impregnable and Sheridan concluded to repeat the tactics of the Opequan and turn the enemy’s left, which was admirably accomplished. The Fifth battery was in line, but there being no position near where the Napoleon gun, with which the Fifth was armed, could be effectively used, none of those guns belonging to the Sixth corps were engaged. Following up the success of the infantry the Fifth battery took from the field three iron 12-pounder guns of the enemy, two limbers, four horses, four sets of har- ness and thirty rounds of artillery ammunition (a). From Fisher’s Hill Sheridan’s army moved rapidly up the valley in pursuit of Early’s shattered forces. The battery went as far up as Harrisonburg. The enemy was so closely followed and hardly pressed that a portion of them left the valley and took to the mountains. Early could not be induced to offer further resistance. October 6th our army commenced to retrace its steps, and then the devastation of the valley commenced in earnest. It was no pleasurable duty. The battery had but little hand in it. That task was assigned to the cavalry. It however was a mil- itary necessity, and designed to prevent the subsistence of the Confederate army in that vicinity. The Union losses at Fisher’s Hill were as follows in killed, wounded and missing : Sixth army corps, 238 ; Nineteenth army corps, 114; army of West Virginia, 162; Cavalry, 14. Total, 528 (b). We now come to Cedar Creek, Sheridan’s last battle in the Shenandoah Valley, and the last battle in which the Fifth Maine battery was engaged. That battle was a complete surprise to the Union army, but the result was as favorable as though the whole scheme had been deliberately planned and faithfully executed. (a) Rebellion Records, Vol. 43, part 1, page 273. (b) Rebellion Records Vol. 43, Part 1, page 124. STEVENS’ BATTERY HISTORICAL SKETCH. 121 On the eighteenth day of October, the day before the engage- ment, the army was at rest and encamped near Cedar Creek, some four or five miles north of the battle-field of Fisher’s Hill. The troops were posted facing up the valley in a southerly direction. General Crook was on the left ; the Nineteenth corps, General Emory, in the centre ; and the Sixth corps, General Ricketts, on the right. The front lines of the Eighth and Nineteenth corps were entrenched ; that of the Sixth corps was not, as it occupied a naturally strong position. The cavalry was upon the flanks of the army, and the Fifth battery with the other artillery of the corps was in park near the infantry. General Sheridan being absent, General Wright was in command. The enemy having been largely reinforced, again turned their faces towards our army and were at Fisher’s Hill, but in what force was not known. Both armies were then on the westerly side of the north branch of the Shenandoah River. The day had been warm and the night cool, and a heavy fog hung over the valley on the morning of the 19th. As soon as dark on the night of the 18th three divisions of the enemy left their encampment at Fisher’s Hill, crossed the river and worked their way down opposite the left flank of our army, recrossed the river which was fordable at that season of the year, and made their attack at early dawn on Thoburn’s division of Crook’s command. Those of the division that were not killed or captured were routed and fled to the rear. The gallant Tho- burn was killed. Then the bugles’ shrill notes, the rattle of harnesses, the command of officers, the crash of musketry com- ing still nearer in that chill morning, created a pandemonium not easily described. The enemy next struck Hayes’ division of Crooks’ command, which shared a similar fate, although Hayes got his troops in line and made a stubborn resistance. The whole Sixth corps turned out at once. Tents were struck, baggage loaded, and teams directed to the rear. The left of the Nineteenth corps was turned and the enemy were sweeping down in rear of their entrenchments, rendering them useless, and carrying all before them. The Fifth battery was then ordered by Colonel Tompkins to take position on a knoll to the left and engage the enemy that were approaching from that- direction. The battery had no supports. A stone-wall, however, in tumble-down con- 122 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. dition was about 50 yards in front of the battery, in rear of which a body of our infantry had taken position and was then holding it. The battery at once opened on the enemy that were coming down over the hill just across a ravine. The fog had now partially cleared away. Soon our infantry in rear of the wall withdrew from the position and passing along the hillside to the right of the battery went to the rear. The battery held that position until charged by the enemy. In that charge two guns which had recently been received from battery A, 1st Mass., manned by men from that battery and temporarily assigned to the Fifth Maine battery, fell for the time being into the hands of the enemy, the horses being shot and tangled up in harness in the attempt to limber to the rear. The other guns with difficulty succeeded in reaching our line then forming to the right and some distance back in the edge of the woods, some of the horses falling in harness while on the way. In retiring from that position the Fifth Maine came across one gun of McKnight’s battery M, 5th U. S., that was left upon the field. The gun was secured by order of Captain Stev- ens, attached to the carriage hook of a caisson, moved back to our line in the edge of the woods and turned over to McKnight’s battery by direction of Colonel Tompkins. Other guns of McKnight’s battery had been recaptured and drawn off by the infantry. The army fell back to a ridge of land about a mile north of Middletown and some four miles from where the enemy made their attack in the morning, the Sixth corps taking position and contesting the ground on the way back, holding the enemy in check and giving the troops of the Eighth and Nineteenth corps time to reorganize and re-form. At that point Sheridan came up and took command, General Wright resuming command of the Sixth corps. The formation then effected was similar to that of the morning except the Sixth and Nineteenth corps had changed places in line. All of the Eighth corps that could be assembled were still on the left. The Fifth battery was in position on or near the right of Getty’s division. All were enthusiastic at Sheridan’s arrival. He rode along in rear of the line from left to right encouraging the troops STEVENS’ BATTERY HISTORICAL SKETCH. 123 by saying: "We will whip them yet,” "You haven’t begun to fight,” "We will camp on the old ground to-night.” Troops that had started on the retreat were turned back and put into position, and stragglers returned to the line of battle like bees to a hive, not waiting to find their own command but going into line wherever they struck it. The enemy made one or two persistent attacks upon this position but were repulsed and compelled to take shelter, the Fifth battery doing at least its share of the work. Everything having been prepared and the men refreshed by a bite of hard- tack and a little water, — the only refreshment since the night before, — and somewhat rested from the fight and fatigue of the morning, an advance of the whole line was then ordered by General Sheridan. Colonel Tompkins riding up to the battery said to Captain Stevens : " Now we are going to attack and, if we drive them, I want you to follow and push them as hard as you can.” He appeared satisfied to have the battery fight on ground of its own selection and in its own way. The advance of the whole army was made between three and four o’clock in the afternoon. The Fifth battery with the other artillery opened at once and the enemy was driven at every point for more than half a mile, until near Middletown. There a part of Getty’s division, coming under a terrific fire of infan- try and artillery, experienced a temporary check and was com- pelled to fall back, but soon rallied and returned to the line. The attack was then renewed with great spirit, and with the assistance of the Fifth Maine battery, which General Getty had requested, and one gun of battery C, 1st R. I. light art., under Lieutenant Lamb, which had survived the storm of the morning, the enemy was driven in confusion through the town and over the plains to Cedar Creek. The cavalry was then hurled upon the routed and disorganized enemy, securing many of the trophies and substantial fruits of the great victory. At Middletown five of their dead were found in one spot, the victims of a single 12-pounder spherical case shot fired by the Fifth battery (a) . General Getty in his official report of (a - ! Maine A.-G. Report for 1864-5, Vol. 1, page 239. 124 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. the battle said : " During the advance in the afternoon Stev- ens’ Maine battery of light 12-pounders and a section of Lamb’s battery 10-pounder Parrots * * * were served with rapidity and effect ” (a). The battery in that engagement sustained a loss of twenty- eight men, including the attached men, as follows : KILLED. Privates: John H. McKeen, Patten; Jeremiah Murphy, Augusta. WOUNDED. Sergeants: James L. Loomis, Colebrook, N. H.; Lemuel A. Cum- mings, Augusta. Corporal: Hiram M. Paul, Stewartstown, N. H. Privates: Charles E. Brown, Carratunk; Seth W. Terrill, Stewarts- town, N. H.; Henry White, Stratford, N. H.; Amos Baker, Hartland; Arno Little, Mt. Vernon; Charles F. Merry, Boothbay; James S. Priest, Vas- salboro; Lucius Smith, Readfield; Samuel Stevens, Augusta; John W. Waterhouse, Gardiner. The remainder of the wounded were attached men whose names do not appear on our Maine records. Among other things too numerous to mention, Sheridan and his victorious army in the space of three months and six days , captured from the enemy 94 pieces of artillery, 40 battle flags, 19,230 stand of small arms and about 13,000 prisoners (b). * ROSTER. commissioned officers. Captain George F. Leppien. — November 18, 1861, mustered into U. S. service; February 27, 1863, on leave of absence for 15 days; March, pres- ent for duty; May 3, wounded at Chancellorsville; May 18, mustered Lieu- tenant-Colonel; May 24, died from wounds in Washington. First Lieutenant William F. Twitchell. — December 4, 1861, mus- tered into U. S. service; June, 1862, absent sick; June 21, returned from absent sick; July, present for duty; August 30, killed at Second Bull Run. First Lieutenant Greenlief T. Stevens. — January 31, 1862, mus- tered into U. S. service; July 27, on detached service, Special Order No. 35; September 9, returned from detached service; October 20, absent sick; November, present for duty; May 3, 1863, wounded at Chancellorsville; June 18, promoted Captain; July 2, wounded at Gettysburg; August 27, present for duty; December 31, absent with leave; February, 1864, present (a) Rebellion Records, Vol. 43, part 1, page 195. (b) Rebellion Records, Vol. 43, part 1, pages 37, 57. ROSTER OF FIFTH MAINE BATTERY. 125 for duty; January 17, 1865, absent with leave for 20 days; February, present for duty, and appointed Brevet-Major U. S. V., to rank from October 19, 1864; July 6, 1865, mustered out of the U. S. service at the close of the war. Second Lieutenant Adelbert B. Twitchell. — December 4, 1861, mustered into U. S. service; September 1, 1862, promoted 1st Lieutenant; March 30, 1863, on leave of absence; April, present for duty; May 3, wounded at Chancellorsville; August, present sick; September 9, absent sick; December u, discharged, commissioned Captain Seventh Maine Battery. Second Lieutenant Ezra Clark. — January 31, 1862, mustered into U. S. service; February 13, 1863, sick in hospital, Georgetown; March 24, on recruiting service; February, 1S64, present for duty; December 16, on detached service, Augusta, Maine; January 31, 1865, mustered out U. S. service, term expired. First Sergeant Edward N. Whittier. — September 1, 1862, pro- moted 2nd Lieutenant; March 18, 1863, on leave of absence 15 days; April, present for duty; May 18, promoted 1st Lieutenant; February 13, 1864, on recruiting service; April 16, on detached service 2nd Brig. Art. Reserve; May 17, on special duty Brig. Hd. Qrs. Sixth corps; December 16, returned from detached service; February, 1865, appointed Brevet-Captain U. S. V., to take rank from October 19, 1864; April 13, 1865, on detached service art. brig, h’dqrs. A. of S.; July 6, mustered out of U. S. service at close of the war. Quartermaster Sergeant Charles O. Hunt. — May 18, 1863, pro- moted 2d Lieutenant; July 1, wounded at Gettysburg; July 28, absent with leave; September, present for duty; January 24, 1864, absent under orders; February, present for duty; March 24, promoted 1st Lieutenant; June 18, taken prisoner; April 13, 1865, present for duty; July 6, mustered out with the Battery. Sergeant James C. Bartlett. — June 17, 1864, promoted 2nd Lieuten- ant; January 31, 1865, on detached service at Alexandria, Va.; February 15, absent with leave for 20 days; March 8, absent sick; Mays, 1865, discharged for disability. Quartermaster Sergeant George W. Woodbury. — March 30, 1865, promoted 2nd Lieutenant; July 6, mustered out with the Battery. Sergeant David I. Black. — June 1, 1865, promoted 2nd Lieutenant; July 6, mustered out with the Battery. Note. On the 10th of January, 1865, the battery proceeded to Fred- erick, Md., where it remained encamped until the 4th of April, when it returned to Winchester. April 6th it was assigned to the artillery brigade, the Nineteenth corps having been discontinued. After that the duties were battery and brigade drill. On June 21st the battery was ordered to Maine, where it was mustered out and discharged from the United States service at Augusta on the 6th of July, having served three years and seven months. 126 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. MONUMENT OF THIRD MAINE REGIMENT. The monument stands in the historic “Peach Orchard” near the Emmitsburg road, upon a commanding elevation which overlooks the undu- lating fields and woods where Longstreet’s lines advanced on the afternoon of July 2d. It is cut from Maine granite, surmounted by a red diamond block highly polished. Admeasurements: Base, five feet by five feet by one foot six inches; plinth, three feet six inches by three feet six inches by one foot six inches; shaft, two feet six inches by two feet six inches by eight feet one inch; cube, of Red Beach granite, two feet by two feet two inches by two feet. Total height, thirteen feet one inch. The following are the inscriptions upon the die. 3rd Maine Inf’ty. 2nd Brigade 1st Division 3rd Corps Strength or Regiment Morning of Judy 2nd. 14 Officers and 196 Men. DETACHED FROM THE BRIGADE, FOUGHT HERE IN THE AFTERNOON OF July 2nd, 1863, HAVING BEEN ENGAGED IN THE FORENOON AT POINT IN ADVANCE AS INDICATED BY A MARKER. July 3rd IN POSITION ON LEFT CENTRE OF LINE, UNTIL AFTERNOON, WHEN WITH OTHER REGIMENTS OF THE BRIGADE, IT MOVED TO SUPPORT OF THE CENTRE AT TIME OF THE ENEMY’S ASSAULT. 1 Officer and 17 Men Killed, 2 Officers and 57 Men Wounded, 45 Men Missing. SMKWOFWUfNTK »mvn wHis ASS4IKT. I OFFICER 4« 17 MED BUflUOTtBSW 57 «« kWM[H,45 »ai WSSIK, I sraacra of HcGiMENr MfWM OF JULY 25. 14 OFFICERS m I3S MON THIRD MAINE REGIMENT, SECOND BRIGADE, FIRST DIVISION, THIRD ARMY CORPS, AT THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. I N the battle of July 1st the three Maine organizations in the First corps, the Sixteenth regiment, Colonel Tilden, ancl Hall’s and Stevens’ batteries, were the only Maine troops engaged. But when General Sickles with part of his command arrived on the field on the evening of July 1st, after the first- day’s battle, he brought two more Maine regiments, the Third and Fourth, of Gen. J. H. Hobart Ward’s brigade, of Gen. David B. Birney’s division. There was in this division another Maine regiment, the Seventeenth, which was attached to Col. P. Regis de Trobriand’s brigade, that had been left at Emmits- burg to guard the pass of the mountains, so the Seventeenth did not arrive until the forenoon of July 2d. The Third Maine, as it marched onto the field of Gettysburg on the evening of July 1st, was in every respect, except that of numbers, as fine a veteran regiment as there was in the army of the Potomac. Two years before it had left the Kennebec Valley, a thousand strong, under its Colonel, Oliver O. Howard, who, as Major-General commanding the Eleventh corps and the field, bore a prominent part- in the first day’s battle. During the two years of its service two hundred fresh recruits had been sent from Maine, yet at the roll-call on the morning of July 2d, only a little upwards of two hundred men and officers answered, — a striking testimonial of the arduous services of the regiment in the campaigns of Virginia. At the battle of Chancell orsville, a few weeks before, its loss had been heavy. The regiment was under command of Colonel Moses B. Lakeman. Early on the morning of July 2d, Colonel Lakeman formed his regiment in line of battle parallel to and facing the Emrnits- buro- road and on the riMit of the brio-ade. This was on the O O O 128 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. line which General Sickles was establishing with th Third corps before he had determined to advance his line to the angle of the Peach Orchard. But as the forenoon advanced Genertl Ward ordered Colonel Lakeman to move forward as support to one hundred of the 1st U. S. Sharpshooters, under Colonel Berdan, who were to cross the Emmitsburg road and penetrate the woods beyond with the intention of ascertaining what force of the enemy might be there. It was well known that the Confederate forces had been arriving during the night, a fact very evident already to the Fourth Maine which had been on picket duty all night beyond the Emmitsburg road. The Third Maine, preceded by the Sharpshooters, advanced to and moved southward along the Emmitsburg road for some distance, then left it and advanced toward a dense wood on the west side. In approaching this wood, believed by both officers and men to be concealing the foe, the command was forced to move three-quarters of a mile through an open field. But they were unmolested as they made this movement, so trying to the soldier ; and entering the wood, formed to support the Sharp- shooters, who were advancing as skirmishers. It was between 11 and 12 o’clock when the regiment advanced into the thick coverts of oak and chestnut. They had proceeded about fifteen rods when they espied men in butternut gray dodging among the trees. These men were from Alabama, — the 8th, 10th and 11th, — and belonged to Wil- cox’s brigade of five Alabama regiments, of Anderson’s division of A. P. Hill’s corps (a) . With the skirmishers of these Confederates the Sharpshooters were already engaged when the Third Maine came up in support. The regiment advanced on the double-quick, and drove in the opposing skirmishers. Then, through the trees and the smoke, suddenly loomed three distinct lines of the enemy, one behind another in close column, and stretching a distance of one hundred and fifty yards in front (b) . The advance of this overwhelming force the Third (a) Statement of Lieut. Hannibal A. Johnson (1889) a First Sergeant that day, and wounded and captured by these Alabamians in the wood. See also Wilcox’s Report, Rebellion Records, Vol. 27, part 2, page 617. (b) Statement of Lieutenant Johnson (1889). Colonel Lakeman states that the Third had little protection, as the Sharpshooters, who had been advancing as skir- mishers, had secured nearly all the trees. THIRD REGIMENT ENGAGED. 129 Maine met with an audacity and firmness in keeping with its reputation as one of the hardest fighting regiments of the army of the Potomac. "We felt,” one of the survivors of that day has said, " that the life of the Nation was at stake, and every man in the ranks was conscious of personal responsibility.” The combatants were in plain sight of each other, probably not over three hundred yards apart, and for twenty-five minutes, — the Confederates say twenty minutes, — this unequal contest was maintained. At the end of the twenty-five minutes the bugle sounded the retreat. In this short time the regiment sustained a loss of forty-eight men, killed, wounded and miss- ing, over thirty of whom were captured. The presence of the enemy was disclosed, and his movement to attack the Union left uncovered. Leaving its dead and some of the disabled wounded, who could not be taken on account of the rapidity and force of the Confederate advance, the regiment retired, followed vigorously by the yelling foe, upon whom the auda- cious skirmishers did not cease to keep up a constant fire as they retired (a) . The marker of the Third Maine Regiment to indicate the position of the regiment during this action near the noon of the second day stands in the grove west of the Emmitsburg road on the west slope of Pitzer’s Run, a trib- utary of Willoughby Run, and bears the following inscription on its face: 3rd Maine Infantry engaged here FORENOON OF July 2nd 1863. The Confederates ceased their fire on the edge of the woods, and the Third, going back over the open field unmolested, took position in the Peach Orchard, where it was to be stationed in conformity with the new plan of battle which General Sickles was about to adopt. For General Birney had no sooner communi- cated to his corps commander the information secured by the (a) Fox, the author of “ Regimental Losses in the Civil War,” considers worthy of especial note “ the tenacity with which the Third Maine held that skirmish line at Gettysburg.” 130 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Third Maine and the Sharpshooters than he was ordered to advance his division of three brigades, and swing to the left so that its right should be at the Peach Orchard while its left should be at Devil’s Den (a) . Ward’s brigade, to which the Third and Fourth Maine belonged, but from which the Third Maine was to be detached during this battle, was on the left near Devil’s Den ; in the centre was de Trobriand’s, among whose soldiers was the Seventeenth Maine ; on the right was Gra- ham’s brigade ; and connecting to the left of the latter it was to be the fortune of the Third Maine to fight on this afternoon. After returning from the reconnaisance, Colonel Lakeman was moving his regiment to join its brigade when he received an order from General Birney to take position in the Peach Orchard. There to the left of Graham the regiment went into line of battle without any greater delay than was necessary for the soldiers to take a hasty luncheon from their haversacks. The regiment was posted behind the fence that bounded the Peach Orchard on the southwest side, its right resting along the east side of the Emmitsburg road. The regiment waited in line until about 4 o’clock in the afternoon before there were any signs of an attack in force by the enemy, who, with an unaccountable sluggishness, was letting the long July day slip away. There was more or less firing, however, and the Third Maine being midway between batteries of the two armies suffered somewhat from exploding shells. Several times during the afternoon the enemy’s skirmishers also advanced on the position of the Third. At one time the regi- ment was quite hard pressed by a force of them coming up on the front and right flank. These however were repulsed, and there was no other advance for a time. But as Colonel Lake- man scanned the country across the Emmitsburg road and to the westward, he soon saw the glistening bayonets of long and continuous columns of infantry passing towai’d Round Top and the Union left, where the battle was about to burst with fury at Devil’s Den and in the Wheatfield, around the positions of the Fourth and the Seventeenth Maine regiments. Those marching columns were of Hood’s division of Longstreet’s (a) Report of Gen. David B. Birney (1863). THIRD REGIMENT ENGAGED. 131 corps ; and behind the walls and fences by the left flank of these columns were Kershaw’s and Barksdale’s brigades of LaFayette McLaws’ division of the same corps, ready to advance upon the Peach Orchard and the defenses near it so soon as Hood should develop his attack farther to the Union left (a) . Colonel Lakeman at once sent notice of his discovery to Captain Randolph, chief of artillery of the Third corps, wdio sent up a battery. This battery took a position near the regi- ment and threw shell into the distant Confederate columns. These shots were among the very first in the opening of the battle of the second day (b) . The columns of the enemy con- tinued their movements ; but the fire of the battery was very annoying to them and caused a detour in their line of march to avoid discovery of their plan. Soon detachments of the enemy were seen advancing towards the Orchard in force against the position occupied by the Third Maine. Towards the front of the regiment came the left wing of Kershaw’s South Carolina brigade (c), while from across the Emmitsburg road the Mississippi regiments of the fiery Barks- dale were soon to sweep in upon the rear and right flank of the Third. While meeting the attack of Kershaw in his front Lake- man learned that Barksdale had broken through Graham’s line, which, posted on the Emmitsburg road to the right of the Peach Orchard, formed the extreme right of Birney’s division. This disaster left the rear of the Third Maine exposed, so Colonel Lakeman at once changed the line of his regiment to face the Emmitsburg road. This angle of the Peach Orchard, the very apex of Sickles’ line, was at this instant menaced on its two sides by overwhelming forces. As the Third Maine turned from Kershaw to meet Barksdale it received a withering fire. The color company (K) was just forming on the prolongation of the line, when, struck by an enfilading volley, it literally melted away. Every man of the color-guard was either killed or wounded. In a short time, measured by minutes, a third at least of the one hundred and fifty men left from the morning’s (a) Report of Gen. J. B. Kershaw, 1863. (b) Statement of Colonel Lakeman, 1889. The battery would appear to be Ames’ battery G, 1st N. Y., subsequently relieved by battery I, 5th U. S. (c) Eighth South Carolina and James’ South Carolina battalion. 132 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. fight were killed or wounded ; and the regiment, "wrapped in a vortex of fire,” as the Comte de Paris has said, was hurled out of the Orchard by overwhelming numbers (a) . To Graham’s brigade, which was nearest on Birney’s line, the remnant of the Third Maine gravitated ; but as evening came on the entire line which Sickles had established gave ground. In the general movement the Third Maine retired behind the second Union line that Hancock had established and which checked the Confederate onsets. That night the regiment rejoined Ward’s brigade, which had retired from the ridge of Devil’s Den. The official report of General Ward (1863) calls particular attention to the gallantry of Colonel Lakeman and his regiment on this day. Of the fourteen officers and one hundred and ninety-six men who entered the battle in the morning only ninety-seven reported at night. One-half of the others were lying on the field, dead or wounded. The survivors slept upon their arms that night. After noon the next day they were sent to sup- port the Second division of the Second corps ; but the attack had been repulsed before their arrival. On July 4th the Third was on skirmish duty, but sustained no losses. A MARKER to designate the position of the Third Maine when in support of the Second corps, afternoon of July 3d, at the close of the enemy’s assault, stands upon the east side of Hancock Avenue in a northeasterly direction from “High Water Mark” monument. It is cut from Maine granite, adorned with a red granite diamond, and has the following inscriptions: 3 rd Maine Regiment Colonel M. B. Lakeman In Support July 3 rd 1863 . Engaged July 2 nd In Peach Orchard. OFFICIAL REPORT OF COL. MOSES B. LAKEMAN. Near Warrenton, Va., July 27, 1863. Captain: — I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by my regiment at the battle of Gettysburg, Pa., on the 2d instant: — By order, I formed my regiment in line of battle parallel to and facing (a) The regiment of Barksdale’s brigade advancing nearest the Third Maine at the time was probably the 2lst Mississippi. THIRD REGIMENT ENGAGED. 133 the Emmitsburg road, on the right of the brigade, at early morn. Soon after, by order of General Ward, T moved my regiment as a support for a body of sharp-shooters, under command of Colonel Berdan, to whom I was ordered to report, by Captain Briscoe of General Birney’s staff. Advancing to and for some distance on the Emmitsburg road, I approached a dense wood on the west side of the road, and on entering it formed my regiment (as ordered) to support the advancing line of skirmishers, and followed at supporting distance. They soon, however, became hotly engaged, * * * and I advanced double-quick to the line they occupied, and instantly formed my regiment under a heavy fire from the enemy, which we returned with a good will. Here I labored under a decided disadvantage, which will account for my heavy loss. The skirmishers were well secured behind trees, while my battalion filled the intervals. The enemy showed himself in overwhelming force, but so well did we hold our position that his advance was much checked and very disastrous, and not until ordered * * * to fall back did a single man leave the ranks, with the exception of those slightly wounded, when I retired, giving an occasional volley to check his advance, which now became quicker. I was obliged to leave my dead and seriously wounded on the field, and on arriving at the road formed my regiment, which had gotten somewhat confused from loss of men and obstructions in our retreat. This engagement was short but very severe, and serves to give me a renewal of confidence in the men I command. I sustained a loss of forty- eight in killed, wounded and missing. While on the move to join my brigade, I received an order from General Birney to take position in a peach orchard on the right of my previous one, and accordingly moved my regiment there and occupied it. Here I was enabled several times during the day to repulse the enemy’s skirmishers (who seemed very anxious to drive us from it) and also to seriously harass the left flank of their advancing columns to the position which the other regiments of the brigade were holding, changing my front as circumstances required. In this position my regiment lay about midway between our own and the enemy’s batteries, and a few of my command were more or less seriously injured from the frequent explosion of shells immediately over us. I was heavily pressed in front and on my right flank about 4 p. m., but succeeded in repulsing, with considerable loss, the force, which was much greater than mine, and sent them flying back to their covers. An hour later they came forward again with a force much greater than before, but I engaged them and held them for some fifteen minutes, when I received a severe flank fire on my left. I then saw a large force marching round to cut me off, and ordered my regiment to retire, and while doing so we received a most distressing fire, which threw my command into much con- fusion, and mixing them up with a portion of the First brigade, which was also falling back. I regret to report the loss of my national colors, or no men fought harder under it that day than did my regiment, but Captain Keene of the color company and his 1st — and only — lieutenant, Henry Penniman, fell, the former pierced by four bullets, the latter severely wounded in the leg. The color-bearer fell, wounded; two of the guard were killed and four 134 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. others seriously wounded; and, as darkness was fast approaching, I did not miss it till the following morning. If I had, they would have had me and my little squad or I would have had my flag. As soon as I could rally the remainder of my shattered regiment, I joined the brigade, and the men lay on their arms during the night. I am proud to say the conduct of my officers and men throughout the entire day is deserving the highest praise. Their coolness and courage in resisting a force which they could plainly see was four times their number I cannot pass over lightly, but feel somewhat recompensed for my loss by the knowledge that the few I have left are of the same material as the gal- lant spirits that have fallen. I entered the engagement of the morning with 14 officers and 196 rifles, and lost during the day 113 killed, wounded and missing, including Major Lee wounded, Captain Keene killed, etc., a list of which has already been sent to headquarters. I have the honor to be, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, Moses B. Lakeman, Colonel , Commanding Third Maine Regiment. Capt. John M. Cooney, Asst. Adjt.-Gen., Second Brig., First Div., Third Corps. — Rebellion Records, Series I, Vol. xxvii, p. 507. Headquarters Third Maine Regiment, July 27, 1863. Colonel: — I herewith respectfully report the movements of my regi- ment under your command at the battle of Gettysburg, on the 3d, 4th and 5th instants. On or about noon of the 3d instant, I was, by order of General Ward, sent as support to the Second division of the Second corps, which was being heavily pressed by the enemy, but who had succeeded in repulsing them before my arrival. I reported to General Webb, and placed my regiment, as ordered by him, in support of a battery in our front, but our services were not required throughout the afternoon or night. Early on the morning of the 4th instant, I, with the Fourth Maine, 99th Penn, and 20th Indiana regiments, advanced to the front, sending forward the skirmishers of the Second corps, and taking position on the Emmits- burg road, previously the skirmish line, relieved the skirmishers in my front, thereby being supported by, instead of supporting, the Second corps. Quite brisk skirmishing took place during the day, but without loss, I am happy to state, to my regiment. I remained on this line until about 12 M. on the 5th, when I retired to the position occupied the previous morning, leaving my skirmishers still to the front, when, finding the enemy had gone, my skirmishers were relieved, and I, with the other regiments, joined the brigade. Respectfully submitted. Moses B. Lakeman, Colonel, Commanding Third Maine Regiment. P. S. Permit me to add that the conduct of my officers and men throughout the whole of the trying engagement was admirable in the extreme, and they are highly deserving of special mention. THIRD REGEMENT ITINERARY. 135 ITINERARY. The following itinerary of the Third regiment during the Gettysburg campaign is taken from the diary of Col. Moses B. Lakeman, commanding the regiment : Thursday, June ii, 1863. Fair. Relieved from picket; arrived in camp at 1 o’clock p. m. ; started on march at 2 p. m. — Rappahannock Station. Marched about ten miles, bivouacked for night at 11 o’clock p. M. June 12th. Fair. Started on march at 9 o’clock A. M. ; marched about twelve miles; arrived at bivouac one mile from Bealeton at 5.30 p. m. June 13th. Fair. Moved bivouac one and a half miles to Bealeton. Division officer of day. June 14th. Fair. Struck bivouac at 4.30 p. m. ; arrived near Catlett’s Station, eight miles, at 10 o’clock. June 15th. Fair. Started at 5 o’clock a. m. on march; arrived near Centreville at 6 o’clock p. m.; distance marched ten miles; very warm and dusty. June 16th. Fair. Started at 5.30 o’clock a. m., and marched about three miles to rifle pits. June 17th. Fair. Started at 3.30 o’clock p. M., and marched about three miles in rear of Centreville. June 18th. Rain. Remained in bivouac. Smart rain in afternoon and evening. Lt.-Col. Burt left on fifteen days’ sick leave. June 19th. Rain. Started at 3 o’clock p. M.; marched to Gum Spring; distance marched ten miles; a very severe march on account of rain, mud and darkness; arrived at 10.30 p. M. June 20th. Rainy. Remained in bivouac. Lts. Day, Anderson, Gil- man and Blake missing, supposed to be captured by guerillas. June 21st. Rainy. Remained in bivouac until 3.30 o’clock p. M., when we changed position to front. Heavy firing in direction of Aldie. June 22d. Fair. Remained in bivouac until 5 p. M. Part of regiment went on picket, rest moved to rear on reserve. Sat on court martial on case of Major D of N. Y. Vols. at Col. Berdan’s headquarters. June 23d. Fair. Remained in bivouac. June 24th. Fair. Remained in bivouac. June 25th. Rainy. Regiment relieved from picket; struck bivouac at 6 o’clock a. m., and marched to Monocacy, where we arrived at 10 p. m. ; distance marched about twenty-four miles. June 26th. Rainy. Started at 6 o’clock A. M.; marched to near Point of Rocks; distance six miles. Division officer of day. June 27th. Rainy. Started at 10 o’clock a. m. ; passed through Jeffer- son and bivouacked near Middletown; distance about twelve miles. June 28th. Fair. Started at 8 o’clock a. m. ; passed through Middletown and Frederick to Walkerville, distance about sixteen miles, and bivouacked for the night. June 29th. Rainy. Started at 6 o’clock a. m. ; passed through Walker- ville, Woodsborough, Middleburg and Taneytown, distance marched about eighteen miles, and bivouacked for night. 136 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. June 30th. Rain. Started at 2.30 o’clock p. m. and marched to near Emmitsburg; distance eight miles. July 1st. Rain. Started at 2.30 o’clock; bivouacked near Gettysburg, Pa.; distance nine miles. Enemy in our front. Severe march; distance marched fourteen miles. July 2d. Fair. Took position early; went to the front in woods with one hundred sharp-shooters; met enemy in force; lost in the charge forty- eight men killed, wounded and missing; remained in advance until evening when we retired with First brigade, losing great many men, reported seventy-four. Maj. Lee, Capt. Keene, Lt. Penniman, Sergt.-maj. Small, killed or wounded. July 3d. Fair. Took position on left in movement. Went to support of Second corps; no casualties. Rained at night. Enemy completely repulsed in our front entire day. Commanding brigade. July 4th. Rain. No casualties. Moved to first line and relieved skir- mishers of 15th Mass. Occupied the line until midnight, when we retired in rear of second line. Very heavy rain all night; skirmishers to front all night; enemy left at night. July 5th. Fair. Relieved from support of Second corps; rejoined bri- gade and occupied line of 2d instant. Found and buried our dead. July 6th. Stormy. Remained in same position; visited hospital. Lieut. - Col. Burt joined regiment. 16 K., 59 W., 10 P., 22 M. [These figures evi- dently refer to the losses at Gettysburg in killed, wounded, prisoners and missing.] July 7th. Rain. Started from bivouac at 4 o’clock a. m.; passed through Emmitsburg and Mechanicstown and bivouacked there for the night; distance marched fourteen miles. July 8th. Rain. Started 6.45 AM.; passed through Katoctin Furnace and Pass, on pike; three hours’ rest at noon on account of extreme bad road; passed through Frederick; bivouacked on road to Middletown; dis- tance marched sixteen miles. July 9th. Fair. Started at 5 o’clock; passed through Middletown and bivouacked at South Mountain Pass; distance marched five miles. July 10th. Fair. Started at 5 o’clock; moved towards the front, very short marches to change position; distance marched ten miles. Passed through Cadysville; bivouacked near Antietam Creek. July nth. Fair. Started at 4 o’clock; passed through Rocks Mills; crossed Antietam Creek; bivouacked for night; distance six miles. Pre- sented with set spurs by Co. E. July 12th. Rain. Moved to front in reserve; formed line in afternoon and bivouacked for night; advanced about one mile. July 13th. Fair. No charge; remained on same line. July 14th. Rain. Struck bivouac at 12 o’clock; passed Jones’ Cross Roads and bivouacked for night in field near and in rear of reb’s works — (two miles). Division officer of the day. July 15th. Fair. Started at 4 o’clock en route for Harper’s Ferry; passed through Fairplay and Sharpsburg and bivouacked three miles beyond; — eight miles. THIRD REGIMENT PARTICIPANTS. 137 July 16th. Rain. Started at 6.30 o’clock a. m. and bivouacked near Maryland Heights; marched about six miles. July 17th. Rain. Started at 6 o’clock p. m. and crossed Potomac at Sandy Hook to Harper’s Ferry; crossed Shenandoah River and bivouacked for night; marched eight miles. PARTICIPANTS. FIELD, STAFF AND NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Colonel, Moses B. Lakeman, Augusta. Major, Samuel P. Lee, Hallowed. Surgeon, Thaddeus Hildreth, Gardiner. Assistant Surgeon, William H. Jewett, Turner. Second Assistant Surgeon, James D. Watson, Brooks. Chaplain, S. Freeman Chase, Camden. Quartermaster, Charles T. Watson, Bath. Sergeant-major, Henry S. Small, Bowdoinham. Quartermaster-sergeant, Thomas McFadden, Bath. Commissary-sergeant, Lorenzo W. Grafton, Augusta. Hospital Steward, John Littlefield, Jr., Skowhegan. Drum-major, Charles Ellis, Waterville. Fife-major, Charles Elliott, Bath. Company A. Captain, George W. Hervey, Bath. First Lieutenant, Abner W. Turner, Bath. Second Lieutenant, George C. Hudson, Bath. SERGEANTS. First Sergeant, Charles T. Hooper, Bath, Charles N. Osgood, Bath, William B. Parris, Bath. CORPORALS. Jonathan Newcomb, Jr., Bath, John L. Little, Bath, Charles T. Butler, Phippsburg, Wesley Oliver, Bath. PRIVATES. Adams, John W., Bath, Campbell, Thomas G., Bath, Durgin, William H., Bath, House, Henry H., Bath, King, Eleazer, Bath, Norton, Charles M., Bath, Ramsey, Edwin R., Bath, Trull, Phineas A., Bath, Barton, George H. B., Bath, Crooker, William F., Bath, Emery, Augustus F., Phippsburg, Hughes, William, Woolwich, Lord, John A., Bath, Preble, Edgar W., Woolwich, Sprague, Gilman S., Bath, Wall, Amos H., Bath, Webber, Oliver, Bath. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Sergeant Lincoln Litch- field, Bath, div. com. dept. Privates: Lewis K Blair, Bath; John E. Foley, Bath, ambulance driver; Adam Lemont, Brunswick, prov. gd. div. h’dqrs.; Franklin Shepherd, Bath, corps h’dqrs. 138 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Company B. SERGEANTS. Hannibal A. Johnson, Hallowell, Asa C. Rowe, Augusta, Frederick Gannett, Augusta. CORPORALS. Edward L. Smith, Belgrade, Frank White, Augusta, John W. Jones, Augusta. PRIVATES. Call, Nathan H., Augusta, Delano, Charles S., Augusta, Gannett, Charles, Augusta, Pease, Thomas O., Augusta, Winslow, Joseph F., China. Barker, Enoch M., Troy, Crummett, George L., Augusta, Foss, William T. , Belgrade, Kittredge, Orrin, Richmond, Sawyer, Charles E., Bath, Musician: Frank Carlin, Augusta. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Capt. Edward C. Pierce, Augusta, signal corps. Wagoner Frank E. Sager, Hallowell. Privates: William Bagley, Canton; George M. Bean, Augusta; Orrin G. Farnham, Bath; Harry W. Gardiner, Hallowell, signal corps; Reuel Merrill, Augusta; Stephen M. Scates, Augusta; Benjamin Sedgerly, Bowdoinham. Company C. Captain, John S. Moore, Gardiner. sergeants. Parlin Crawford, Gardiner, George F. Spear, Gardiner, George M. Houghton, Gardiner. CORPORALS. Charles H. Martin, Canaan, Charles M. Landers, Danville. Brookings, Daniel, Pittston, Crosby, Reuben H., Winthrop, Dean, Westbrook, Gardiner, Fall, Hamden A., Gardiner, Heath, Andrew, Whitefield, Leighton, William, Augusta, Morrill, George T., Wiscasset, Packard, Almon J., Gardiner, Spear, Charles H., Gardiner, Wakefield, Stephen D., Gardiner, Washburn, George M., Gardiner. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Privates: Moses S. Wads- worth, Gardiner, hosp. nurse; George S. Wedgewood, Litchfield, clerk brig, h’dqrs.; Charles H. Welch, Gardiner; William Wight, Gardiner, brig, h’dqrs. Company D. Captain, Alfred S. Merrill, Bath. First Lieutenant, Woodbury Hall, Woolwich. SERGEANTS. Eben S. Allen, Bath, Henry H. Shaw, Woolwich, Alvin Kennerson, Bath. corporal. George Farnham, Woolwich. Danforth M. Maxcy, Gardiner, PRIVATES. Colburn, Hiram W., Pittston, Dale, Horace W., Gardiner, Dennis, John S., Gardiner, Foy, Charles H., Gardiner, Hutchinson, Albion T., Gardiner, Moody, Daniel M., Pittston, Neal, Lyman C., Augusta, Pettingill, William H., Winthrop, Sturtevant, William H., Gardiner, Walker, Nathan N., Gardiner, THIEI) REGIMENT PARTICIPANTS. 139 Carlton, Jotham S., Bath, Dearborn, Charles H., Wentworth, Getchell, Charles, Woolwich, Mclntire, Josiah K., Bath, Ring, David, Bath, Scammell, Timothy, Bath, Wakefield, Jeremiah, Bath, PRIVATES. Campbell, Archibald, Bath, Fletcher, James, Bath, Hartnett, Patrick T., Bath, Pushard, Joseph, Bath, Roach, Joseph A., Bath, Snell, Charles F., Bath, Williams, Melville C., Bath. Musician: Warren W. Goud, Topsham. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Wagoner Lyman P. Wildes, Bath, teamster div. h’dqrs. Privates: Chandler Ayers, Bath, div. h’dqrs. ; Isaac Durgin, Bath, teamster brig, h’dqrs.; James Jameson, Bath, div. pro. guard; Edward C. Stinson, Woolwich, brig, h’dqrs. Company E. Captain, George O. Getchell, Hallowell. First Lieutenant, George S. Fuller, Hallowed. Second Lieutenant, George A. Nye, Hallowed. SERGEANTS. First Sergeant, Charles M. Bursley, Hallowed, George F. Chamberlain, Hallowed. CORPORALS. George W. Hubbard, Hallowed, Charles J. Dalton, Chelsea. PRIVATES. Bailey, George W., West Gardiner, Bancroft, Charles, Hallowed, Bragg, William F., Hallowed, Burns, Hugh, Hallowed, Carter, Henry C., Farmingdale, Douglass, Isaac M., Bath, George, Sherburn S., Hallowed, Leighton, Silas F., Manchester, Packard, Horatio M., Bridgewater, Rogers, Charles B., Hallowed, Simmons, Stephen M., Hallowed, Sweetland, Frank, Farmingdale, Towns, Elijah C., Wilton, Towns, Reuben A., Wilton, Bryant, John W. , Hallowed, Buswell, Albert S., Hallowed, Crosby, Rodney, Albion, Emerson, Hazen H., Hallowed, Gilman, Charles C., Hallowed, Murch, Alden F., Foxcroft, Roach, Henry J., Bath, Russell, George G., Harpswell, Sprague, Aden H., St. Albans, Sweetland, Seth, Farmingdale, Towns, Elisha, Wilton, Turner, Iddo B., Palermo, Williams, Frank, Gardiner. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Sergeant Thomas S. Allen, Bowdoin, brig, ambulance corps. Privates: William C. Bartlett, Bethel; James S. Choate, Hallowed, teamster; William E. Mathews, Hallowed, brig, ambulance corps; William B. Potter, Dubuque, la.; clerk brig, h’dqrs.; Noah F. Weeks, Hallowed, teamster. Company F. Captain, William C. Morgan, Cornville. SERGEANTS. Anson R. Morrison, Skowhegan, Joseph P. Durgin, The Forks pi. Ora H. Nason, Clinton. corporals. Henry H. Chase, Skowhegan. Amos H. Cole, Starks, 140 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. PRIVATES. Dorathy, George E., Walpole, Mass. Maxim, William H., Norridgewock, Parlin, John A., Skowhegan, Rich, George F., Skowhegan, Shattuck, Luke F., Madison, Stevens, John H., Clinton, Swan, Henry B., Anson, Weston, William H., Skowhegan, Currier, Thomas S., Anson, Luce, Alsbury, Norridgewock, Maxwell, Charles N., Canaan, Rackliff, William J., Fairfield, Savage, Brooks D., Skowhegan, Smith, Wilson C., Farmington, Swan, Franklin, Anson, Towle, Charles L., Winthrop, Williamson, Luther A., Starks. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Corporal George Keef, Fairfield. Wagoner Luther Dean, Madison. Privates: John L. Fish, Starks; John F. Frost, Skowhegan; Benjamin Greenlief, Starks; Heman Hunne- well, Jr., Solon; John W. Jones, Winthrop, orderly div. h’dqrs. Company G. First Lieutenant, George A. Mclntire, Waterville. Second Lieutenant, Charles W. Lowe, Waterville. SERGEANTS. First Sergeant, William E. Brown, Sidney, William H. Copp, Waterville, George W. Davis, Waterville. George C. Drummond, Winslow. CORPORALS. Algernon P. Herrick, Brooklin, Orrin Austin, New Sharon. PRIVATES. Derocher, Henry, Waterville, Arnold, Charles H., Sidney, Field, Henry, Sidney, Frost, Samuel E., Belgrade, Hallett, LeanderT., Mercer, Marshall, John T., Southport, Perry, James, Waterville, Pullen, Frank D., Waterville, Spofford, Amherst, Southport, Webber, Hiram C., Winslow. Musician: Llewellyn E. Hodges, Winslow. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Corporals Jonathan Bige- ow, Jr., Lowell; Charles W. Derocher, Waterville. Wagoner John G. Wiley, Boston, Mass. Privates: Charles Bacon, Waterville, hosp. nurse; Charles H. Buswell, New Sharon; Luther N. Eames, Waterville; George Lashus, Waterville; Hiram G. Robinson, Sidney; Moses W. Young, Calais. Fossett, John E., Vassalboro, Grover, Charles C., Skowhegan, McClausland, Simon, Winslow, Perley, Nathaniel, Waterville, Pollard, Otis, Winslow, Sawtelle, Augustus M., Sidney, Sylvester, Charles E., Bath, Company H. SERGEANTS. William W. Livermore, Vassalboro, Albro Hubbard, Waterville. CORPORALS. John H. Bacon, Waterville, John F. Stanley, Smithfield, Eben Farrington, Livermore, Philander F. Rowe, Smithfield. Bow, Horace, Waterville, Cochran, Robert, Waterville, Dixon, George, Fairfield, PRIVATES. Bragg, Lewis, Vassalboro, Corson, Albert, Waterville, Dyer, Lorenzo, Brighton, THIRD REGIMENT PARTICIPANTS. 141 Eaton, James R., Vassalboro, Farrington, Frank, Chesterville, Freeman, George R., Vassalboro, Hunter, Melvin, Clinton, Jones, Charles H., Jay, Preble, William T., Winslow, Rowe, Isaac, Smithfield, Woodman, Alvin B., Waterville. Emery, Joseph R., Fairfield, Fish, Hiram, Waterville, Hursom, Milford, Waterville, James, Isaiah H., Waterville, Major, Cyrus M., Vassalboro, Robinson, Charles H., Sidney, Tallus, John, Waterville, MUSICIANS. Henry Crowell, Waterville, Baxter Crowell, Waterville. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Privates Samuel W. Austin, New Sharon; Solomon B. Lewis, Waterville; Nathan P. Taber, Vassalboro. Company I. First Sergeant, John B. Dodge, Andrew Nicholas, Augusta, Henry Lyon, Vassalboro. Daniel Chadwick, Augusta, SERGEANTS. Somerville, Nelson W. Jones, Palermo, CORPORALS. Henry A. Griffith, Augusta, Wilbert Boynton, Palermo, Warren W. Cooper, Somerville. PRIVATES. Bailey, Andrew J., Chelsea, Bolton, William, Augusta, Brown, William A., Augusta, Day, David, Augusta, Goodwin, Adam B., Newfield, Lewis, Alexander, Somerville, Livermore, Leonard H., Augusta, Mann, John A., Augusta, Orrick, James, Augusta, Bachelor, Charles M., Augusta, Brann, Levi W., Somerville, Burden, Calvin H., Augusta, Fellows, George L., Augusta, Hill, Reuben, Sanford, Lewis, Andrew J., Somerville, Maher, William, Gardiner, Neal, Harrison W., Palermo, Palmer, William V., Newfield. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Corporal George P. Went- worth, Augusta. Musicians William Stover, Augusta; Marcellus Gale, Augusta. Wagoner William H. Spofford, Augusta, teamster div. h’dqrs. Privates: Byron C. Bickford, Augusta; Byron Branch, Augusta, div. h’dqrs.; Benjamin C. Campbell, Somerville; Augustus Chadwick, Augusta, ambu- lance corps; Samuel Gowell, Augusta; Frank S. Martin, Augusta, teamster brig, h'dqrs.; Rufus S. McCurdy, Augusta, pro. guard, div. h’dqrs.; Heze- kiah Ridley, Richmond, ambulance corps; John H. Spaulding, Augusta, teamster div. h’dqrs.; Edward A. Stewart, Augusta, div. h’dqrs.; William S. Thoms, Augusta, corps mail agent. Company K. Captain, John C. Keene, Leeds. First Lieutenant, Henry Penniman, Winthrop. SERGEANTS. First Sergeant, Fred H. Strout, Durham, Bradford W. Smart, Vassalboro, Edward K. Thomas, Winthrop, Dexter W. Howard, Leeds. 142 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Hugh S. Newell, Readfield, Alexander T. H. Wood, Winthrop, Burgess, William H., Winthrop, Caswell, Lloyd B., Leeds, Cochran, Hiram, Waterville, Heald, William, E. Livermore, Johnson, Henry C., Farmington, Norris, Daniel S., Mt. Vernon, Raymond, William R., Wayne, Stearns, Joseph H., Winthrop, Turner, Henry S., Leeds Wood, Elias, Winthrop. CORPORALS. Charles A. Smart, Vassalboro, Andrew P. Bachelder, Winthrop. PRIVATES. Butler, George A., Winthrop, Chandler, Samuel G. , Winthrop, Frost, Albert H., Winthrop, Holmes, James M., Winthrop, Keay, Ruggles S., Greene, Perkins, George, Winthrop, Ricker, James C., Winthrop, Thompson, Gustavus A., Winthrop, Wilson, William G., Winthrop, On Special Duty or Detached Service: Privates: John W. Russell, Winthrop, blacksmith; Franklin Dwyer, Winthrop; William Elder, Win- throp, pro. guard, div. h’dqrs.; Charles H. Smiley, Winthrop, brig, ambu- lance corps; Patrick H. Snell, Winthrop, brig, ambulance corps. The condensed morning report of the Third Maine regiment June 30, 1863, shows : Present for duty, 22 officers, 244 enlisted men ; total, 266. Present sick, 2 men ; present daily duty, 3 men. Note on foregoing list of participants. It will be observed that the monument inscription and Col. Lakeman’s official report show less in number than this nominal list. The non-combatant officers here given were omitted in the former, and one staff officer, present June 30th, was not on duty July 2d. The discrepancy of two line officers remains ; it is possible that two were commissioned and acting as officers, but not mustered as such at the time ; all those named in the list are well vouched for as present. As to the difference of fifty in enlisted men : some fell out sick after June 30th ; a number in every regiment were mus- tered as present for duty June 30th who did not carry arms in battle, — stretcher-carriers, temporary details, etc. Having been denied all information from the departments at Wash- ington, the difficulty of separating the names at this late day is insurmountable . THIRD REGIMENT CASUALTIES. 143 REVISED REPORT OF CASUALTIES. FIELD AND STAFF. Major, Samuel P. Lee, wounded, right arm dislocated. Sergeant-major, Henry S. Small, killed. Company A. SERGEANTS. Charles N. Osgood, w’d, leg, severe. William B. Parris, wounded, leg. CORPORALS. Jonathan Newcomb, Jr., prisoner. John L. Little, killed. PRIVATES. Crooker, William F., prisoner. Emery, Augustus F.,w’d, side, severe. Hughes, William, prisoner. Ramsey, Edwin R., wounded, hand. Trull, Phineas A., prisoner. Webber, Oliver, prisoner. Company B. SERGEANTS. Hannibal A. Johnson, w’d and pris’r. Asa C. Rowe, killed. Fred Gannett, w’d, right foot. Barker, Enoch M., prisoner. Gannett, Charles, prisoner. Corporal John W. Jones, killed. PRIVATES. Call, Nathan H., wounded. Winslow, Joseph F., prisoner. Company C. SERGEANTS. Parlin Crawford, w’d, arm, severe. George F. Spear, killed (rep’d miss’g). CORPORALS. Charles H. Martin, prisoner. Danforth W. Maxcy, Charles M. Landers, w’d, head, severe. woun( led, died Aug. 13, 1863. PRIVATES. Dale, Horace W., killed. Dennis, John S., w’d, thigh, severe. Foy, Charles H., wounded, foot. Heath, Andrew, wounded, hand. Moody, Daniel M., w’d, thigh, ampt’d. Neal, Lyman C., wounded, leg. Sturtevant, William H., w’d, leg. Company D. SERGEANTS. ist Sergt. Eben S. Allen, Henry H. Shaw, wounded, severe. wounded, died Aug. 6, 1863. Corporal George Farnham, wounded, foot. PRIVATES. Hartnett, Patrick T., prisoner. Roach, Joseph A., w’d, died July 11/63 Wakefield, Jeremiah, wounded, leg. Company E. Sergeant George F. Chamberlain, wounded, died Aug. 21, 1S63. PRIVATES. Bailey, George W., w’d, severe. Bancroft, Charles, killed (rept’dw’d). George, Sherburn S., w’d, severe. Leighton, Silas F., w’d, shoulder. Murch, Alden F., wounded, leg. Packard, Horatio M., wounded. Rogers, Charles B., killed. Simmons, Stephen M., prisoner. Sprague, Allen H., w’d, diedAug. 3, ’63Sweetland, Seth, prisoner. 144 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Company F. SERGEANTS. Joseph P. Durgin, wounded. Ora H. Nason, prisoner. CORPORALS. Amos H. Cole, killed. Henry H. Chase, wounded. Currier, Thomas S., killed. Luce, Alsbury, killed. Rackliff, William J., wounded. Stevens, John H., wounded. Swan, Henry B., reported killed ; rejoined regiment from missing. PRIVATES. Dorathy, George E., wounded. Maxim, Wm. H., killed (rep’d mis’ Shattuck, Luke F., prisoner. Swan, Franklin, prisoner. Towle, Charles L., wounded. Company* G. SERGEANTS. istSergt. William E. Brown, w’d, leg. George W. Davis, wounded. CORPORALS. Algernon P. Herrick, Orrin Austin, reported prisoner, prisoner ; died Oct. 28, 1863. PRIVATES. Arnold, Charles H., prisoner. Derocher, Henry, prisoner. Fossett, John E., wounded. Frost, Samuel E., wounded. Grover, Charles C., prisoner. Perry, James, wounded. Webber, Hiram C., wounded; died Aug. 18, 1863. Company H. Sergeant William W. Livermore, wounded. CORPORALS. John H. Bacon, wounded, Eben Farrington, killed. Philander F. Rowe, prisoner; died in prison, Nov. 27, 1863. PRIVATES. Corson, Albert, killed. Dixon George, wounded. Major, Cyrus M., prisoner; died in prison, Dec. 9, 1863. Company I. SERGEANTS. Nelson W. Jones, killed. Henry Lyon, killed. Corporal Warren W. Cooper, wounded. Bailey, Andrew J., wounded. Burdin, Calvin H., killed. Lewis, Alexander, prisoner. Neal, Harrison W., wounded. PRIVATES. Bachelor, Charles M., wounded. Fellows, George L., killed. Lewis, Andrew J., wounded. Palmer, William V., prisoner. Company K. Captain John C. Keene, killed. First Lieutenant Henry Penniman, wounded. CORPORALS. Charles A. Smart, wounded. Alexander T. H. Wood, wounded. THIRD REGIMENT HISTORICAL SKETCH. 145 Burgess, William H., killed. Chandler, Samnel G., wounded. Frost, Albert H., killed. Heald, William, wounded. Perkins, George, wounded. Ricker, James C., prisoner. Wilson, William G., missing. PRIVATES. Butler, George A., prisoner. Cochran, Hiram, prisoner ; died in prison, Dec. 29, 1863. Keay, Ruggles S., prisoner. Raymond, William R., wounded. Turner, Henry S., wounded. Wood, Elias, prisoner. Note on the foregoing report of casualties. The monument inscription gives an aggregate of 122 killed, wounded and missing ; Col. Lakeman’s official report 113 ; the foregoing nominal list 109. This list agrees with the inscrip- tion in the aggregate of killed and wounded — 77, although those who died of their wounds are separated from the wounded here and counted with the killed, but not so on the monument. In this list, the "missing” are those who were captured, whether wounded or not, and those never heard from (there being 2 of the latter) . A careful research brings the list of missing down to 32, instead of 45 as on the monument. It is probable that the number 45 was adopted for the monument inscription from Fox’s statistics; it does not tally with the information obtainable in the Adjutant-General’s office at Augusta. The total discrepancy of 4 between this list and Col. Lakeman’s report probably arises from 4 falling out and not accounted for with their command, but soon after rejoining for duty. HISTORICAL SKETCH. COMPILED FROM OFFICIAL AND OTHER SOURCES BY THE EDITORS. The Third Maine regiment of infantry was organized for active service May 28, 1861, and mustered into the U. S. ser- vice at Augusta, June 4th. It was raised in the central por- tion of the state, and went into camp at Augusta on the State grounds fronting the Capitol. Company A was the only com- pany which existed under former militia laws, and was known as the Bath City Greys. While in camp at Augusta it was 146 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. under constant drill of Sergeant Burt, U. S. A., assisted by Mr. Frank Pierce, a native of Augusta and a graduate of the Vermont Military School. The regiment was armed with the Springfield smooth-bore musket. The original organization of the regiment was as follows : FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel, Oliver Otis Howard, Leeds, a graduate of West Point. Lieutenant-Colonel, Isaac N. Tucker, Gardiner. Major, Henry G. Staples, Augusta. Chaplain, Andrew J. Church, Augusta. Surgeon, Gideon S. Palmer, Gardiner. Assistant Surgeon, George E. Brickett, China. Adjutant, First Lieut. Edwin Burt, Augusta. Quartermaster, William D. Haley, Bath. Sergeant-Major, James H. Plaisted, Waterville. Quartermaster-Sergeant, Joseph S. Smith, Bath. Commissary-Sergeant, Lorenzo D. Grafton, Augusta. Hospital Steward, Frank H. Getchell, Waterville. Drum-major, Charles H. Howard, Leeds. Fife-major, Moses M. Wadsworth, Gardiner. COMPANY OFFICERS. Co. A. Captain, William O. Rogers, Bath. First Lieutenant, Reuben Sawyer, Bath. Second Lieutenant, John S. Wiggin, Bath. Co. B. Captain, Edwin A. Bachelder, Augusta. First Lieutenant, Albert B. Hall, Augusta. Second Lieutenant, Edwin Burt, Augusta. Co. C. Captain, William E. Jarvis, Gardiner. First Lieutenant, James M. Colson, Gardiner. Second Lieutenant, George S. Andrews, Gardiner. Co. D. Captain, Charles A. L. Sampson, Bath. First Lieutenant, William H. Watson, Bath. Second Lieutenant, Warren R. Mattson, Bath. Co. E. Captain, James M. Nash, Hallowed. First Lieutenant, John W. Sanborn, Hallowed. Second Lieutenant, Gorham S. Johnson, Hallowed. Co. F. Captain, Elbridge G. Savage, Solon. First Lieutenant, Royal B. Stearns, Skowhegan. Second Lieutenant, Henry A. Boyce, Skowhegan. Co. G. Captain, Frank S. Hesseltine, W r aterville. First Lieutenant, Nathaniel Hanscom, Benton. Second Lieutenant, W'illiam A. Hatch, Waterville. Co. H. Captain, William S. Heath, Waterville. First Lieutenant, Francis E. Heath, Waterville. Second Lieutenant, John R. Day, Waterville. THIRD REGIMENT HISTORICAL SKETCH. 147 Co. I. Captain, Moses B. Lakeman, Augusta. First Lieutenant, A. R. Quimby, Augusta. Second Lieutenant, H. M. Rines, Augusta. Co. K. Captain, Newell Strout, Durham. First Lieutenant, Binsley S. Kelley, Winthrop. Second Lieutenant, William Elder, Winthrop. The Third regiment, with Col. O. O. Howard, left Augusta June 5, 1861, and arrived at Washington on the evening of the 7th. On their passage through New York city a beautiful reg- imental flag was presented to them by Hon. Stewart L. Wood- ford, U. S. District Attorney, in behalf of the sons of Maine. The next day after their arrival in Washington they were ordered to a camp of instruction on Meridian Hill, where they remained until July 6th, when they crossed the Potomac and encamped in front of Fort Ellsworth, being at that time the advance regiment. On the 10th they moved their camp to Clermont, where they were brigaded, Colonel Howard, acting Brigadier-General, commanding. July 14th they commenced the march for Bull Bun, under the command of Major Staples, arriving at Centreville on the 17th, and at Bull Run on the 21st. In the disastrous battle at the latter place, the Third sustained itself nobly. Its loss was eight killed, twenty-nine wounded and twelve taken prisoners. On the 23d, returning to its previous camp at Clermont, it remained there until August 10th, when it moved to the right of Fort Ellsworth, and was put into Sedgwick’s brigade, formed of Third and Fourth Maine, 38th and 40th N. Y. regts. On the 27th and 28th of August, a portion of the regiment under the command of Major Staples had a brilliant skirmish with the enemy at Bailey’s Cross Roads, but met with no loss. The Third remained near Fort Ellsworth, doing picket duty, working on fortifications and drilling, until September 27th, when the brigade was ordered forward to the Fowle’s estate, on the old Fairfax road, and was posted in Heintzelman’s division. During this time Colonel Howard was promoted to Brigadier- General, and Major Staples succeeded him as colonel. On the 17th of March, 1862, broke camp, marched to Alex- andria and then proceeded to Hampton, where they remained until April 3d, when they moved with the army of the Potomac to 148 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Yorktown, at the siege of which they bore an honorable part, and when the enemy evacuated they were among the first in pursuit. At the battle of Williamsburg, May 5th, the regiment was detached by General Heintzelman to guard the left flank, which position they held until sunset, when they marched to the relief of the regiments then engaged. Gen. Phil. Kearny, who commanded the division, says that the Third and Fourth Maine " by their steady and imposing attitude contributed to the suc- cess of those more immediately engaged.” The Third lost but two men, wounded. May 15th they arrived at Cumberland Landing on the Pamunkey river, where they remained a few days, when they marched to within a few miles of Bottom’s Bridge, on the Chick- ahominy. On the 23d they crossed this bridge and marched within half a mile of Fair Oaks. The battle of Seven Pines took place on the 31st and June 1st. On the former date, during the attack on the enemy’s left, the Third was ordered to the front by General Birney. It moved up the railroad by the flank, and occupied several positions on the right and left of the road during the afternoon, resting at night in line of battle upon the first opening on the right of the railroad, above the bridge. The next morning it was ordered into the field on the left of the railroad, where it formed a line of battle under the edge of the woods. The presence of the enemy in force in their front was revealed by his terrific fire, opened upon the skirmishers under the command of Major Burt, who checked them until the main body came up. A charge was then ordered, and the movement was gallantly executed. The enemy was pursued a half mile when the Third encountered his reserve, who returned our fire with terrible effect, but which was soon silenced. During this battle the regiment did its duty nobly and bravely. General Kearny told Colonel Ward, command- ing the brigade at the time of the action, that " The brigade have done nobly, sir, and the Third and Fourth Maine can’t be beat ! ” The loss in killed and wounded was nearly one- third of the regiment. The Third remained in the advance line of the army until June 25th, when they were engaged in the battle of White Oak THIRD REGIMENT HISTORICAL SKETCH. 149 Swamp, in which the regiment by having a good position was enabled to do excellent service with very slight loss. On the 29th they were withdrawn from the advance line of fortifications before Richmond at an early hour in the morning, and under command of Major Burt crossed White Oak Swamp at Jordan’s ford in the evening, covered by the left flank company as skir- mishers, under command of Lieutenant Cox, who, after an advance of nearly two miles in the direction of Charles City Cross Roads, came upon the rebels in considerable force, when a brisk skirmish took place ; but in consequence of the disparity of force, Lieutenant Cox was forced to retire after a loss of one man killed and one taken prisoner. By order of General Bir- ney the regiment then recrossed the swamp, followed its bank about six miles, and again crossing, gained the highlands and bivouacked for the night. On the morning of the 30th they went forward on the Charles City Road and took an active part in the battle of Charles City Cross Roads. Before daybreak on the morning of July 1st they marched to Malvern Hill, where during the battle at that place they assisted in supporting Randolph’s 6th R. I. battery. For eight hours they were exposed to a severe fire from the enemy’s batteries, during which time the conduct of the men was admirable in the extreme. Their loss was very light. At an early hour the next morning they removed to Dr. Mung’s plantation near Berkley’s Station, where they bivouacked that night, and on the following morning, after having their camp shelled by the enemy, advanced three miles in the direction of Harrison’s Landing, where they encamped. From this time until August 15th, the Third remained in front, when they joined in the retrograde movement towards Yorktown, where they arrived on the 19th, and on the 21st embarked on trans- ports for Alexandria, at which place they arrived the following day. From thence they proceeded on the 23d by rail to within four miles of the Rappahannock river, thence to Greenwich, Bristoe’s Station, Manassas and Centreville, and finally on the 29th of August they marched for Bull Run, arriving on the battlefield at about 9 a.m., and participating in the engagement of that day. The next day they supported Randolph’s battery 150 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. until 3 o’clock p. m., when they retired to the rear. The reg- iment shortly returned to the attack with the lamented General Kearny at their head, but meeting a rebel brigade they were forced to retire under a murderous fire. A portion of the Third also encountered another heavy fire, while supporting a section of a battery, when with the rest of the forces they fell back to Centreville. The next day the regiment took up the line of march for Fairfax, when took place the battle of Chantilly, during which it sustained unflinchingly a murderous fire from a superior force, losing four killed, thirty-eight wounded and eight missing. On the 2d of September they marched to Alexandria and encamped in the vicinity of Fort Lyon. On the 8th they moved to Fort Worth, and from thence to Fort Barnard, where they remained until the 15th, when they proceeded to Pooles- ville, Md., and thence to White’s Ford, on the upper Potomac. The several fords from the Monocacy to Conrad’s Ferry were guarded by the regiment . At the last named place Colonel Staples had temporary command of the brigade. On the 11th of October the regiment, together with the Fourth Maine, proceeded to the mouth of the Monocacy, to intercept the return of Stuart's cavalry into Virginia. A brisk engagement ensued, which resulted in the enemy’s making his escape. Returning to Poolesville, they marched to White’s Ford, thence to Leesburg, Warrenton, on the Rappahannock (Nov. 7th), where they remained at Waterloo bridge until the 16th, when they were ordered to Falmouth, arriving there November 22d. In the meantime Col. Staples resigned, and Lieut. -Col. Lakeman was promoted to the colonelcy. Remained at Falmouth until Dec. 11th, when they joined in the forward move on Fredericksburg. Late in the afternoon of the following day they marched six miles down the river in order to cross the Rappahannock and reinforce General Frank- lin, who had been giving battle to the enemy since morning. On arriving within about a mile of the pontoon bridge, it was found that the troops previously sent by this route had not yet crossed, and the Third was ordered to bivouac. The next day at daybreak they were under arms, and at 10 o’clock they THIRD REGIMENT HISTORICAL SKETCH. 151 crossed the Rappahannock, when General Birney, commanding division, immediately formed his brigades and pushed forward to the left of the ground occupied by General Whipple, and prepared for action. Colonel Lakeman marched to the rear some one hundred and seventy-five yards, and took position amid a shower of shot and shell, when he was ordered to the support of Hall’s Second Maine battery, remaining in position nearly six hours, under a most trying fire. The position was a post of honor and danger. The battery having been ordered to change position, an attempt was made by the enemy to capt- ure it, but the unerring aim of a well-sustained fire from the Third sent him back to the cover of his intrenchments. At an early hour the next morning they were withdrawn from the front and placed in the second line, where they remained through the day, when at midnight they took up their previous position in the advance. The regiment was from necessity compelled to lie on wet ground, in front of the enemy, for nearly fifty hours, which accounts for the slight loss they sustained, — three killed, twenty-five wounded and four missing. On being with- drawn from the lines, they marched to the camp they previously occupied, on the north bank of the Rappahannock. The regiment broke camp on the 20th of January, 1863, and with the army participated in General Burnside’s movement, afterwards known as the " mud march ” ; the movement being abandoned, it returned to its former camp on the 23d, where it remained until March 4th, when with the division it moved to Potomac Creek, four miles, and remained there until April 28th, during which time the regiment was almost constantly employed, under Captain Morgan, building military roads. During the winter of 1863, after General Hooker had suc- ceeded General Burnside in the command of the army, the sys- tem of badges to be worn upon the cap was invented. The Third corps badge thus adopted was the diamond, evidently carrying out the idea of General Kearny, in whose division the Third Maine regiment belonged. Accordingly, those of the First division, including the Third, Fourth and Seventeenth Maine regiments, and company D, 2d U. S. Sharpshooters, 152 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. retained the red diamond patch of Kearny, the white diamond designating the Second and the blue diamond the Third division. April 28th, with the army, the Third regiment crossed the Rappahannock river, proceeded to and participated in the battle of the Cedars and Chancellorsville, May 2d and 3d, in which engagements it lost Lieutenants Cox and Witham, killed, Lieu- tenant Emery wounded, Lieutenants Fuller and Nye, prisoners ; also fifty-six men wounded and prisoners, four of whom after- wards died of wounds. The movements of the regiment at the battle of Chancellors- ville were as follows : The regiment bivouacked near United States Ford on the night of April 30th. At daybreak, on the morning of May 1st, the brigade crossed the Rappahannock and marched to the Plank road, where it took position in line of battle and there remained until the morning of the 2d. On the 2d the regiment moved farther up the Plank road, awaiting an attack until two o’clock in the afternoon, when the whole division advanced out beyond our lines several miles, striking the enemy’s train-guard and capturing many prisoners. This action was called the Cedars. Shortly after sunset returned towards the previous position, but halted at Hazel Grove, remaining there, in line of battle, until nearly midnight, when the brigade was ordered to charge upon a force which had gained possession of the Plank road, and the road leading to it, by defeating the Eleventh corps. The regiment advanced and engaged in a severe fight which lasted nearly an hour ; the first and second lines of earthworks were carried and held until day- light, notwithstanding the stubborn resistance of the enemy who outnumbered our forces very largely. This movement and its success resulted in keeping open the communication with the Twelfth corps, from which we had been substantially cut off by Jackson’s movement around our right flank, and by which he had driven back the Eleventh corps in disorder. At daylight, May 3d, the enemy occupied the woods on two sides and opened a sharp fire on the brigade, which was briskly returned, until our troops were re-arranged nearer the Chan- cellor house. Around this as a centre the battle on May 3d was fought, in which Major-General Berry was killed. The THIRD REGIMENT HISTORICAL SKETCH. 153 brigade supported such batteries as was ordered and otherwise participated in the action that took place. The regiment after several changes of position, at times under severe fire, finally took up a position with its brigade in the new line of works, occupying the first line of defense. In this position it was subjected to a heavy artillery fire from the enemy, and several men were more or less wounded. The brigade was highly com- plimented by General Ward, its commander, for the gallantry of its officers and men. They occupied the front line of earth- works until daybreak of the 6th, being the last to leave the front, recrossing the Rappahannock in the forenoon and return- ing to their former camp. Here it remained until June 11th, when it took its line of march with the army that terminated in the battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 2 and 3, 1863. In this engagement at Gettysburg, July 2 and 3, 1863, the Third Maine regiment took a most conspicuous part, being the first to attack the enemy on the morning of the 2d, a long dis- tance in advance of the line, where it sustained a loss of forty- eight killed, wounded and missing. The regiment during the remainder of the day held an advanced position in the ever memorable Peach Orchard until evening, when it was attacked by an overwhelming force and compelled to fall back, sustain- ing the loss of Captain Keen, killed, Major Lee and Lieut. Pen- niman, severely wounded, and fifty-eight men killed, wounded and prisoners. In this attack the regiment was not connected with its brigade. On the morning of the 3d the regiment, under command of Captain Morgan, with three others, were detached under the command of Colonel Lakeman to support the Second division, Second corps, where it remained until the morning of the 4th, when the four regiments formed an advance line of battle on the Emmitsburg road and, relieving the advanced skirmishers, remained there until the morning of the 5th, when it rejoined the brigade, the enemy having left its front. The regiment then rested in position until the morning of the 7th, when, with the rest of the army, it started in pur- suit of the enemy. July 23d the regiment, with the Fourth Maine, under com- mand of Colonel Lakeman, engaged and routed the enemy at 154 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Wapping Heights ; the regiment, deployed as skirmishers, charged and cleared the heights. At night the enemy retreated. Next morning the regiment moved towards Warrenton, where it arrived the 26th, and on the 31st moved to Warrenton Sul- phur Springs, where it remained in camp until September 16th, when it marched to Culpeper, arriving on the 18th, and remained there until October 11th, when, with the army, it commenced a retrograde movement, and with the division engaged the enemy at Auburn Mills, on the 12th, routing them. The Third arrived at Fairfax Station on the 14th and remained there until the 19th, when it advanced with the army to Catlett’s Station, arriving there the 2 2d and remaining there until November 7th, during which time it was engaged repair- ing the railroads. On November 7th the regiment was engaged in the skir- mish at Kelly’s Ford, with slight loss, and the following day advanced towards Brandy Station, arriving there the 9th. On the 26th, with the army, it crossed the Rapidan river at Jacob’s Ford, and took part in the engagements of Orange Grove on the 27th and Mine Run on the 30th, with loss of one killed, eight wounded and twenty-three missing. The regiment remained in position until December 1st, when it recrossed the Rapidan and returned to camp near Brandy Station. On the 1st of January, 1864, the regiment was encamped near Brandy Station, Va., where it remained until May 4th, when it moved, under General Grant, across the Rapidan towards Richmond, and encamped the same night on the battle- field of Chancellorsville. The Third corps had been consolidated with the Second, and the regiment still remained in the First (Ward’s) brigade, Third (Birney’s) division, the corps being commanded by Hancock. It participated the next day in the battle of the Wilderness, being in position near where the Brock road crosses the Plank road. Here it fought on the afternoon of the 5th and the forenoon of the 6th, with heavy loss. The regiment made and repelled several charges during this memo- rable battle, and its men won fresh laurels by their courage and steadiness under the furious attacks of the enemy. Among the killed was Lieut. -Col. Burt, and of the wounded was Captain THIRD REGIMENT HISTORICAL SKETCH. 155 Getchell, who afterwards died of his wounds. After remaining one day in their rifle-pits, they on the 8th joined in the move- ment towards Spotsylvania Court House, doing but little fight- ing however. On the 10th the regiment was held in reserve until sunset, when they joined their brigade in a charge in which they were repulsed. In the assault at Spotsylvania by the Second corps, on the 12th, it took part. The assaulting column succeeded in carrying the works of the enemy at the celebrated " salient,” capturing Johnson’s division and many can- non, and the repeated counter-assaults of the enemy failed to dislodge the Union troops ; the ground was thickly covered by the dead and wounded of both sides. The loss of the regiment in these engagements was severe, Captain Nye being mortally wounded, acting- Adjutant Bursley killed, and Captain Merrill missino-. On the evening of the 19th the division to which the Third belonged relieved those of our forces who had been engaged, including the heavy artillery regiments, in repelling the furious assaults of the enemy at the Frederickburg road. On the morning of the 23d the regiment moved towards the North Anna, where it arrived during the afternoon, and where it participated in the assault upon the enemy’s works command- ing the bridge, losing severely ; among others were Major Morgan killed and Colonel Lakeman wounded. On the 28th the regiment reached and crossed the Pamunkey, pushing along until the morning of the 30th, when it was engaged in throw- ing up intrenchments, losing during the change of position by the army sixteen men on picket, most of whom were taken prisoners. On the 3d of June the regiment with its division supported General Barlow’s division in the engagement at Cold Harbor. On the 4th the regiment, after being highly compli- mented by General Birney, in general orders, left for Maine, its term of service of three years having expired, arriving in Augusta on the 11th, where the veterans were greeted with a public reception and partook of a handsome collation prepared by the city authorities. The regiment, numbering about 112 men, was mustered out of the U. S. service on June 28, 1864. The re-enlisted men and recruits were transferred to the Sev- enteenth Maine regiment before their departure from the front. 156 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. The Third Maine was one of the best regiments in the service from Maine and was held in high esteem by those in whose commands it served. In Fox’s work, Regimental Losses of the Civil War, the Third Maine is classed among the three hundred fighting regi- ments of the Union armies, so distinguished on account of their losses in battle. ROSTER. The following information relating to the Third Maine regiment will be found in the Volunteer Army Register (part i), published by the War Depart- ment August 31, 1865: — Officers at Muster-Out, June 28, 1864. Colonel: Moses B. Lakeman, Nov. 14, 1862. Captains: John S. Moore, Feb. 12, 1862; Alfred S. Merrill, Oct. 26, 1862; George A. Mclntire, Dec. 31, 1863; Henry P. Worcester, Jan. 8, 1864; Edward C. Pierce, Feb. 5, 1863 (a. w. m.). First Lieutenants: John R. Day, Sept. 12, 1S61 (paroled prisoner, discharged June 5, 1865); Charles T. Watson, R. Q. M., July 1, 1862; Daniel W. Emery, Aug. 19, 1862; Woodbury Hall, Oct. 26, 1S62; George S. Fuller, Nov. 14, 1S62; Holman M. Anderson, Feb. 27, 1863 (paroled prisoner, dis- charged Jan. 30, 1865); William H. Higgins, Jan. 20, 1864; Abner W. Turner, Feb. 5, 1863 (a. w. m.). Second Lieutenants: George S. Blake, Oct. 15, 1862; Charles W. Lowe, Dec. 6, 1862; Samuel L. Gilman, Feb. 27, 1863; George C. Hudson, Feb. 27, 1863; John B. Dodge, Jan. 3, 1864; Bradford W. Smart, Apr. 2, 1864; Hannibal A. Johnson, Apr. 7, 1864. Surgeon: Thaddeus Hildreth, Oct. 23, 1861; Assistant Surgeon: James D. Watson, Dec. 22, 1862. Chaplain: Stephen F. Chase, Mar. 23, 1863. (The dates given above refer to rank or commission; those hereafter given refer to the date of event.) Died. Lieut. -Col. Edwin Burt, killed at Wilderness, May 6, 1864; Major Wil- liam C. Morgan, killed at North Anna river, May 23, 1864; Captain *Nathan- iel Hanscomb, June 16, 1862, at Fair Oaks, Va., of fever; Captain John C. Keene, killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863; Captain George W. Harvey, May 9, 1864, of wounds received in action; Captain George O. Getchell, May 30, 1864, of wounds received in action; Captain George A. Nye, June 4, 1864, of wounds received in action; First Lieut. ^Charles B. Haskell, July 2, 1862, of wounds received in action at Fair Oaks, Va. ; First. Lieut. *Warren W. Cox, killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863; First Lieut. William H. Briggs, killed at Totopotomy, Va., May 30, 1864; Second Lieut. Denola Witham, killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 2, 1863. *Not mustered to this grade. ROSTER OF THE THIRD REGIMENT. 157 Promoted out of Regiment. Colonel Oliver O. Howard, to Brigadier-General U. S. Vols., Sept. 7, 1861; Captain William S. Heath, to Lieut. -Colonel Fifth Maine Vols., Sept. 23, 1861; Captain William A. Hatch, to Major 3d U. S. V., Mar. 8, 1863; First Lieut. James H. Tallman, R. Q. M., Mar. 24, 1862, to Captain and A. Q. M. ; Surgeon Gideon S. Palmer, Oct. 23, 1861, to Brigade Surgeon; Cap- tain Francis E. Heath, resigned July 26,1862, to accept promotion as Colonel, Nineteenth Maine; Captain Frank S. Hazeltine, discharged Nov. 14, 1861, to become Major, Thirteenth Maine. Transferred. Major Samuel P. Lee to Invalid Corps, July or Nov., 1863; Chaplain Henry C. Leonard to Eighteenth Maine regiment, Oct. 28, 1862. Resigned and Discharged. Colonel Henry C. Staples, Nov. 14, 1862; Lieut.-Col. Isaac W. Tucker, Nov. 4, 1861; Lieut.-Col. C. A. L. Sampson, July 7, i 862 . Captains: John M. Nash, July 30, 1861; Newell Strout, Aug. 8, 1861; E. G. Savage, Sept. 11, 1861; W. E. Jarvis, Oct. 3, 1861; G. S. Johnson, Aug. 4, 1862; W. L. Richmond, Oct. 16, 1862; W. H. Watson, Oct. 25, 1862; Reu- ben Sawyer, Jan. 15, 1863; J. S. Wiggin, Mar. 23, 1863; J. H. Plaisted, Mar. 26, 1863. First Lieutenants: G. B. Erskine, July 24, 1861; A. R. Quimby, July 27, 1861; B. S. Kelly, Aug. 7, 1S61; W. D. Haley, R. Q. M., Sept. 7, 1861; R. B. Steams, Nov. 4, 1861; J. M. Colson, Nov. 8, 1861; Albert B. Hall, Adjt., Nov. 28, 1861; G. S. Andrews, Feb. 11, 1862; E. P. Donnell, Apr. 6, 1862; Henry Penniman, Nov. 4, 1863. Second Lieutenants: H. M. Rines, July 27, 1861; W. R. Mattson, Aug. 12, 1861; H. A. Boyce, Aug. 2, 1861; W. Elder, Aug. 20, 1861; E. C. Low, Mar. 11, 1862; S. Hamblen, Dec. 5, 1862, to be Lieut.-Col. 10th U. S. Col. Hy. Arty.; C. A. Hill, Dec. 28, 1862, to be Capt. 1st U. S. Col. Infty. ; T. J. Noyes, Mar. 24, 1863; A. C. Wilson, May 6, 1863. Assistant Surgeons: G. E. Brickett, Aug. 27, 1861; F. H. Getchell, Oct. 28, 1862; W. H. Jewett, May 6, 1863. Chaplain: A. J. Church, July 11, 1861. Otherwise Left the Service. Captain E. A. Bachelder, Dec. 22, 1862; Lieut. J. Savage, Aug. 19, 1862; Lieut. F. Elliot, Aug. 19, 1862; Adjt. C. C. Drew, Mar. 29, 1864. 158 MAINE AT GETTYSBRUG. MONUMENT OF FOURTH MAINE REGIMENT. The monument is placed in the gorge of Devil’s Den, where the regi- ment suffered its heaviest loss. With one of the huge bowlders of that wild place for its foundation, it is a conspicuous memorial of Maine valor. It is a five-sided shaft of Maine granite and bears on each face the red diamond of the First division of the Third corps. Admeasurements: Base, six feet from angle to angle by two feet four inches; plinth, three feet six inches between the angles by two feet; shaft, two feet nine inches between angles by twelve feet in height. Total height, sixteen feet four inches. On the several sides are the following inscriptions: 4th Maine Infantry. Colonel Elijah Walker. Third Corps, First Division, Second Brigade. 22 Killed and Died. 38 Wounded. 56 Missing. Erected by the State of Maine. IN REMEMBRANCE OF OUR CASUALTIES July 2d. 1863. FOURTH MAINE REGIMENT, SECOND BRIGADE, FIRST DIVISION, THIRD ARMY CORPS, AT THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. T HE Fourth Maine regiment was involved in the desperate battle upon the advanced line projected by General Sickles, and belonged to Ward’s brigade. Like the Third Maine, it was one of the truest veteran regiments in the army of the Potomac. It left Maine June 17, 1861, bearing upon its ban- ner the inscription "From the Home of Knox,” indicating the portion of the state in which it had been recruited. Major- General Hiram G. Berry, who had but recently met a glorious death at Chancellorsville, was its first colonel. It was led to Gettysburg by Colonel Elijah Walker, who had won an honor- able reputation for bravery in the campaigns of Virginia. The Fourth Maine arrived on the field with Sickles’ corps about 7 o’clock in the evening of July 1st, the first day of the battle, having moved up with the corps from Taneytown by the way of Emmitsburg. The regiment brought onto the field about three hundred men and officers. About nine o’clock in the evening of their arrival Colonel Walker received orders from Major-General Sickles to establish a picket line to extend along a portion of the front of the left wing, as the Union line was formed at that hour. In obedience to this order the regi- ment moved out, crossed the Emmitsburg road, and after advancing thirty or forty rods, established a picket line. In the woods to the front were the Confederate pickets also, and in those same woods the latest accessions to the Confederate strength were gathering after their march from the passes of South Mountain. The night passed quietly, but at daybreak a desultory skirmish fire began between the opposing picket lines, which was continued until 9 or 10 o’clock in the forenoon of July 2d. From that time until afternoon, when the Fourth 160 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. was relieved by the 1st Mass, (a), there was quiet on this part of the picket line. When the Fourth went onto the picket line the evening before, the Union line was extending from Cemetery Hill towards Little Round Top in a line nearly straight. But as the regiment rejoined the brigade, events were so shaping themselves, as has been noticed already in connection with the advance of the Third Maine, that General Sickles felt impelled to advance his corps to the higher ground in his front, where it made the angular line from Devil’s Den up to the Peach Orchard, thence northerly along the Emmitsburg road. This new line was formed between two and three o’clock in the after- noon. The station of this brigade was at the left extremity of this line, and the Fourth Maine was at the left extremity of the brigade. The official report of the regiment, made directly after the battle and before history had made famous every hill and valley on the field, speaks of taking position on a "rocky hill.” This was the hill to the right of Devil’s Den, that won- derful ravine where nature has disposed precipices and huge bowlders in a wild combination meriting the name which is given it. The Fourth Maine was stationed to support two sections of Smith’s 4th N. Y. battery of 10-pounder Parrott’s. To the left was a gorge where flows towards the south a small stream called Plum Run. Across and to the east of the Run rise the precipitous sides of the two Round Tops. On the right of the battery and extending through the timber to the Wheatfield were the 124th and 86th N. Y., the 20th Ind. and 99th Pa. in the order named, the direction of the line trending towards the Peach Orchard. The 2d U. S. Sharpshooters, also of Ward’s brigade, were thrown forward as skirmishers about one-third of a mile in advance beyond Devil’s Den in a southerly direction. Hood’s division of Longstreet’s corps had been creeping upon concealed roads southward out beyond the left of our lines that occupied a section of the Emmitsburg road, and had at length advanced to that road beyond the Union pickets, in a wood behind a ridge, at a point about 1,300 yards south from (a) There is some disparity in the several sources of evidence as to the exact time when the Fourth was relieved at the picket line. FOURTH REGIMENT ENGAGED. 161 the Peach Orchard and about the same distance westerly from Devil’s Den. A group of signal men on Little Round Top had detected the enemy’s movement and signaled the fact to Meade’s head- quarters. Approaching 4 o’clock Smith’s battery opened fire into the woods at the Emmitsburg road, quickly receiving a reply from some batteries pushed out on a hillock near the road. West of that road, along a general ridge diverging from the road as it extended northward, the enemy’s battalions of artil- lery were admirably posted, and some of them joined in the opening attack. They threw shell at the Devil’s Den position as well as at the group of signal men, and paid their respects to the Peach Orchard batteries, not overlooking Winslow’s bat- tery in the Wheatfield, — light twelves, — not very effective in reply at that range. There was no longer doubt where the heavy hand of battle would fall. The audacious advance of Sickles brought upon his thin, extended lines the first and most furious attack of the enemy. It was about 4 o’clock when the soldiers of Ward’s right, looking in the direction of the Emmitsburg road, saw clouds of Confederate skirmishers emerge from the woods, followed by heavy lines of infantry. They were Robertson’s and Law’s brigades of Hood’s division, and, as they came on " in line and en masse , yelling and shouting,” as General Ward described it in his official report, in 1863, with the memories of the day fresh in his mind, they were opening the second day of the battle of Gettysburg. On Robertson’s right, moving directly towards Round Top, Law’s Alabama brigade advanced, but more silently. The position at Devil’s Den had been pointed out to the subordinates of Longstreet as first to be attacked and carried. Doubtless it appeared to Longstreet to be the left of the Union line, and indeed it was at that hour. But General Hood had discovered the importance of Little Round Top, and sent Law’s Alabama brigade, with which the changes of the advance associated two regiments of Robertson’s Texans, to pass around Devil’s Den, scale the heights and attempt the seizure of Little Round Top. By order of his supe- rior officer, but contrary to the judgment of Colonel Walker, 162 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. the Fourth Maine was moved from its position in the rear of the battery to the left, and extended across the gorge of Plum Run in such a way as to defend Ward’s left flank and rear, and in a measure the approaches to Little Round Top. When the exigency of the contest demanded it Ward gave a further sup- port to the battery position with the 99th Pa., taken from his right. The battle now began with Ward’s line, directly against which the two remaining regiments of Robertson — 1st Texas and 3d Arkansas — advanced under Robertson’s immediate com- mand. The attack was fierce, and the first struggle for posses- sion of the battery was chiefly between the 1st Texas and the 124th New York, the latter seconded by the 86th New York. About this time Ward’s line was reinforced upon its right flank by the coming-in of the Seventeenth Maine to the south edge of the Wheatfield, which struck the 3d Arkansas and diverted it from the attack upon the battery, at the same time menacing the left flank of Robertson, who fell back a short distance with- out securing the coveted prize. Robertson’s next attack with his two regiments was directed more upon the right of Ward’s line in an attempt to outflank him, which was spiritedly made but steadfastly resisted during a prolonged contest, ending by Robertson falling back again. In these first two attacks the Fourth Maine had taken no part except by about 70 men, with 3 officers, whom Colonel Walker had deployed south of Devil’s Den as skirmishers ; these men, reinforced to some extent by the retiring U. S. Sharpshooters and the skirmishers of other regiments of Ward, had caused the on-coming Confederates much annoyance and delay, besides quite a loss, as the latter were taken in flank on their first advance ; these skirmishers were in fact one of the causes of the separation of Robertson’s brigade into two parts, (a) and the detour made by Law’s troops in getting to Little Round Top. These skir- mishers held their ground while Robertson attempted the battery position, and until at a later time wheti Benning came in, which will be seen further on. Meanwhile, Hood being wounded, the command of his divi- sion fell to General Law, who with his brigade was moving upon Little Round Top. Finding as he advanced beyond the Plum (a) Official report of Major Bane, 4th Tex., Rebellion Records, serial no. 44, p. 401. FOURTH REGIMENT ENGAGED. 163 Run valley that insufficient strength was exerted against the Smith battery position to capture it, Law detached two regi- ments from his extreme right, the 44th and 48th Alabama, and directed them to move across to the left and attack the battery in reverse. Following out these instructions, the two regiments moved by their left flank to a point about two hundred yards from Devil’s Den on its easterly approach, halting there in the thin growth which fringed Plum Run and in view of the Fourth Maine. Here the two Alabama regiments were swung into line facing the gorge. The 44th Alabama, being immediately opposed to the position taken by the Fourth Maine, became at once the particular antagonist of the latter. (See diagrams on pages 251 and 194.) The 48th Alabama, advancing northerly along the sloping side of Little Round Top, parallel with Plum Run, passed the position of the Fourth Maine after exchanging a few compli- ments, and presently had a duel with the 40th New York. When the Fourth Maine first stretched across the Plum Run gorge there were no Union troops on Little Round Top. Colonel Walker, mindful of his left flank, sent out some skir- mishers into the woods on the slope, but before they met the advancing enemy, Vincent had arrived upon the crest and the skirmishers of his 83d Penn., 16th Mich., and 44th N. Y. reg- iments advanced down the hill ; this advance of skirmishers, immediately engaging those of Law, induced Walker to believe a line of battle would follow to connect with him on his left, and so he drew in his flankers. The 4th Alabama of Law and the 4th and 5th Texas of Robertson passed up Little Round Top in their circling advance ; and the 47th and 15th Alabama up the slope of Big Round Top. The firing began on the slopes of Little Round Top fifty rods or so to the left and rear of the Fourth Maine, which, posted in the valley, had not yet fired a shot. It was now nearly 5 o’clock, perhaps nearer 4.45, when in the edge of the wood of small pines appeared the 44th Ala- bama, its right upon the flank of Colonel Walker and uncom- fortably near ; the latter immediately opened a destructive fire upon the enemy while he was forming his lines, and at the same time arranged the Fourth Maine as well as possible to confront 164 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. the advancing line, making use of the bowlders, which sprinkled the ground, as much as circumstances permitted. The Alabam- ians came on in a truly heroic manner, but were met with equal firmness by the Maine men, although the latter were much less in numbers. The advance was checked and they soon gave it up, retiring into the woods, where they were completely con- cealed behind trees and rocks. From behind these natural protections they kept up a biting musketry fire upon Walker’s men, who in the open valley were placed at great disadvantage and suffered large loss (a) . It was now past 5 o’clock. The two contending forces were in a close grapple, extending from the left of the Union line, — which now was Vincent’s spur on Little Round Top occupied by the Twentieth Maine, — around its south crest to Plum Run and thence southerly to Devil’s Den ; and on the other side of the battery ridge Robertson’s line had been prolonged westward by Anderson’s Georgia brigade about half the distance to the Emmitsburg road. The whole line was alive with burning powder. Smith’s battery, at Devil’s Den, was abandoned by orders of its captain. The other section of the battery, located up the valley northerly some distance, was now manned for action. All the desperate efforts so far made, from both sides of this flat-iron-shaped position, where the field pieces rested, to capture it had proved futile. Robertson was desperately anxious to take those guns, and finding that Benning’s brigade of four Georgia regiments was nearly in his rear, as a support to the right of their lines, he asked Benning to help him. Benning had intended to support Law’s brigade, and supposed the troops contesting with Ward to be Law’s, not distinguish- ing them in the wooded lands. This error on his part, pos- sibly, saved the crest of Little Round Top from capture. Perhaps it seemed important to the Confederates to wrest this ridge from our troops in order to protect their own at (a) Colonel Walker has recently requested the Commissioners of the Gettysburg National Park to move the flanking stones marking the direction of his line at this period. The position of these stones as found Sept. 21, 1897, would make the Fourth Maine face the Smith-battery position; whereas, as he stated to the Commissioners, at date named, upon the ground, his line faced a quarter-circle to the left of this; that he met the 44th Ala. in his front, at first a little upon his left flank, and that his line if prolonged to the left would strike upon Little Round Top. Stakes were then driven into the ground to mark the corrected places for the stones. FOURTH REGIMENT ENGAGED. 165 our left rear on Little Round Top from being surrounded and captured by an attack from their rear, as was easily feasible by an enterprising general with a smart brigade, so long as they were only protected by two regiments, the 44th and 48th Ala- bama. The Confederates also desired to secure possession of a stone-fence which starts at the summit of this ridge near the battery, and runs westerly, affording a complete curtain and breastwork to hold that ground and dominate the woods in front to the Wheat-field. (See diagram on page 194.) Robert- son had twice essayed to seize and hold this fence without suc- cess. After the second attempt, General Ward advanced his centre and right to take possession of it ; (a) this occurred just as Benning was also advancing. Without delay Benning had formed his brigade in a line east and west, perpendicular to the trend of the ridge, and moved forward, his left centre regiment aiming directly at the battery position, the right centre regiment having Devil’s Den in its course, and the regiment on the right of that moving up Plum Run. Benning’s left regiment as it advanced mingled with the 1st Texas of Robertson and they became amalgamated. As his lines, advancing through the Growth that fringed the stream, emerged into view, they were subjected to a plunging shell fire from Hazlett’s battery of 10-pounder rifles placed on the summit of Little Round Top. This battery played an effective part in the struggle, both against Longstreet’s guns at the Emmitsburg road and with its sweeping fire down the slopes, searching out the recesses where troops were ambushed, and demoralizing their charges. The 44th Alabama had felt its power, and, until night closed, this battery and its infantiy supports on the crest completely dominated the southerly end of the gorge and the ridge near Devil’s Den. Benning’s rein- forcement to Robertson for attack, moving directly upon the point, thus taking both sides of the line of Ward in flank, must in the end be irresistible to the small and decimated regiments arraying themselves to meet it. As Benning advanced, the two wings of his brigade converged somewhat towards Smith’s bat- tery. Taken unawares, the skirmishers of the Fourth Maine and other regiments, being virtually surrounded while hotly (a) Official Report of General Ward. — Rebellion Records, serial no. 43, page 493. 166 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. contesting the advance on the Den from one direction, were scooped up by Benning as prisoners. The 44th Alabama, seeing the column of Benning coming up the Run and through the rough fastness of Devil’s Den, at once came forth to join in the fray. The Fourth Maine gallantly held them at bay, but in conjunction with this overwhelming force at his front, Colonel W alker became at length aware that others had advanced as far as his right flank, close up to the abandoned guns of Smith. What followed is well described by Colonel Walker himself in his address at the dedication of the monument, given on another page. The experienced eye of Colonel Walker at once convinced him that the key to the whole position rested at the battery, although the possession of the guns themselves amounted to nothing ; it formed the sharp angle to Ward’s line, and once in the possession of the enemy he could rake the line of Ward, as first established, its entire length, and destroy the organizations that were attending to the advance of Anderson towards their front. Without hesitation Walker drew his small remaining force from the nest of bowlders in the gorge, hastily got it into line and charged homenvith the bayonet upon Benning’s men, who had entered the battery, and drove them out in a fierce encounter. Assisted by the 99th Penn, (a) in keeping off the Confederates from the gorge side of the hill, and by the 124th N. Y. on his right, he succeeded in repelling repeated assaults in a hand-to-hand contest for some considerable time, which enabled Ward to arrange the 6th N. J., (b) and 40th N. Y. regiments, that had been brought in to his left rear in Plum Run valley, so that a withdrawal of the brigade could be safely effected, its thrust-out angle being no longer of impor- tance as a tactical point. Colonel Walker claims with good reason, that after he recaptured the battery its guns might (a) Major Moore, commanding the 99th Penn., in his official report of the battle says: “* * * the engagement became very general with the enemy, who was throwing a large force against our brigade in hopes of breaking through our lines. I was now ordered by General Ward to march my regiment double-quick from the right to the left of the brigade. This movement rapidly executed placed my com- mand on the brow of a hill overlooking a deep ravine, interspersed with large bowl- ders of rock. Here the conflict was fierce. I held my position for over thirty min- utes * * See Rebellion Records, serial no. 43, page 613. (b) The regiment commanded by Lieut. -Col. Gilkyson with others of the Third, or Jersey, brigade of the Second division had been sent by General Humphreys, under orders of General Sickles, to the support of the First division, and was made subject to the orders of General Birney. — Rebellion Records, serial no. 43, page 634. FOURTH REGIMENT ENGAGED. 167 have been used safely and effectively in defending that position. The Fourth Maine and the brigade retired by order of Gen- eral Ward. After safely reaching the rear the command was turned over to Capt. Edwin Libby, the wound of the Colonel proving very severe. The retirement of the brigade from this advanced position, probably after 6 o’clock p. m., was not fol- lowed up by the enemy beyond the stone fence, and about the same time Cross’ brigade of Caldwell’s division of the Second corps advanced into the woods where the right of Ward had rested. This ended the fighting of the Fourth Maine on July second. July third the regiment was with the brigade in reserve. At the crisis of the assault upon our lines in the afternoon the regiment, together with the Third Maine, 99th Penn., and 20th Ind., all under Col. Lakeman, were hurriedly moved to the right to the support of the Second division, Second corps, and were ordered into a position in rear of a battery at that point. The enemy, however, had just been repulsed, and the regiment was not actively engaged. It remained here during the night, and early July fourth was advanced to the front on the skirmish line, having two men wounded. The regiment’s entire loss was, killed and mortally wounded, 4 officers, 19 men ; wounded (not mortally), 1 officer, 43 men ; missing and prisoners, 4 officers, 69 men. A MARKER to denote the position of the Fourth Maine when in support of the Second corps, afternoon of July 3 d, at close of the enemy’s assault, stands upon the east side of Hancock avenue in an easterly direction from “ High Water Mark ” monument. It is cut from Maine granite, adorned with a red granite diamond, and has the following inscription: 4th Maine Eegiment July 3 in Support here Captain Edwin Libby In Command. July 2 Engaged at Devil’s Den Colonel Elijah Walker In command, wounded. 168 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. PARTICIPANTS. FIELD, STAFF, AND NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Colonel, Elijah Walker, Rockland. Major, Ebenezer Whitcomb, Searsport. Adjutant, Charles F. Sawyer, Rockland. Quartermaster, Isaac C. Abbott, Rockland. Surgeon, Seth C. Hunkins, Windham. Assistant Surgeon, Albion Cobb, Otisfield. Sergeant-Major, William H. Gardner, Belfast. Hospital Steward, Samuel S. Hersey, Belfast. Quartermaster-Sergeant, Henry C. Tibbetts, Rockland. Commissary-Sergeant, Lemuel C. Grant, Frankfort. Drum-major, FredJ. Low, Winterport. Fife-major, John F. Singhi, Rockland, leader division band. Company A. Second Lieutenant, Andrew J. Gray, Montville. SERGEANTS. Marcian W. McManus, Unity, Henry W. Ladd, Searsmont, Joseph P. Libby, Unity, Michael Dorsey, Bangor, James Gall, Searsmont, Allenwood, Ephraim F., Belmont, Buker, Alpha, Ellsworth, Colly, James M., Belfast, Curtis, Stephen O., Monroe, Doten, Charles, Freedom, Hall, Henry C., Belmont, Hatch, Hiram H., Lincoln, Lincoln, Llewellyn, Searsmont, Nichols, Melvin, Bangor, Philbrick, Benjamin F., Rockland, Russ, George A., Belfast, Sweeney, Dennis, Belfast, Sylvester, Sanford B., Lincolnville. Thomas H. Gurney, Waldo, Tolford Durham, Waldo. corporals. Timothy W. Abbot, Freedom, Jerry Denning, Bangor, Horace Speed, Pittsfield. PRIVATES. Bryant, Demetrius J., Montville, Cooley, Melvin, St. Albans, Crosby, William, Rockland, Daggett, Stephen, Liberty, Flye, Daniel D., Unity, Hatch, Sylvanus, Lincoln,. Law, Melvin, Union, Lord, Augustus S., Belfast, Ordway, Lewis, Belmont, Piper, Albert, Waldo, Sidelinger, Manuel, Union, Sylvester, George W., Belfast, Walker, Andrew P., Belmont, On Special Duty or Detached Service: John B. Smith, Burnham, brig, h’dqrs.; E. W. Stinson, Oldtown, div. h’dqrs.; Eben M. Sanborn, Belfast, amb. corps. Musician, William H. Clifford, St. Albans, amb. corps. Company B. Captain, J. B. Litchfield, Rockland. First Lieutenant, Arthur Libby, Rockland. SERGEANTS. First Sergeant, Havillah Pease, Rockland, Henry O. Ripley, Rockland, color bearer, Edgar L. Mowry, Rockland. FOURTH REGIMENT PARTICIPANTS. 169 CORPORALS. Thaddeus S. Pillsbury, Rockland, Wyman W. Ulmer, Rockland, Charles W. Hopkins, Bangor. PRIVATES. Dow, Dana Y., Thomaston, Goodwin, Albert, Monson, Kallock, JohnJ., Rockland, Norris, Daniel C., Pt. Tobacco, Spear, Josiah C., Rockland, Simmons, Hanson B., Rockland, Titus, John W., Rockland, Turner, Charles A., North Haven, Willis, Aruna, Rockland, Waterman, Edward K., North Haven. Otis G. Spear, Rockland, Henry T. Mitchell, Rockland, George E. Wall, Rockland, Bigdoll, Ellis, Dedham, Gardner, Andrew J., Lincoln, Grant, Robert, Bangor, Maguire, Edward C., Glenbum, Philbrook, Levi A., Thomaston, Stetson, George F., Rockland, Taylor George F., Rockland, Totman, Samuel S., Rockland, Ulmer, Alonzo N., Rockland, Wooster, Alden F., Rockland, On Special Duty or Detached Service: James W. Clark, Rock- land, and Morton A. Blackington, Rockland, brig, h’dqrs. team; Charles E. Gove, Union, and H. J. Dow, Rockland, div. h’dqrs. guard; G. H. Tighe, Rockland, ambulance corps. Company C. First Lieutenant, Charles H. Conant, Rockland. Second Lieutenant, Joseph R. Conant, Rockland. SERGEANTS. First Sergeant, Kendall K. Rankin, Rockland, Charles H. Miller, Rockland, Rufus O. Fales, Thomaston. CORPORALS. Warren W. Austin, Thomaston, John Colburn, Rockland, George G. Gardiner, Camden. PRIVATES. Butler, Ephraim K., Thomaston, Cain, James A., Palermo, Caswell, William, Warren, Cunningham, Austin, Warren, Knight, Francis E., Jefferson, Martin, Patrick, Jefferson, Pottle, Andrew, Rockland, Brown, James M., Thomaston, Brown, Orlando F., Rockland, Collins, William J., Camden, Cunningham, Alfred W., Jefferson, Cain, James A., Palermo, Kellar. Thomas, Rockland, Perry, Charles C., Rockland, Snowdeal, Thomas E., S. Thomaston, Walker, John F., Rockland, Walter, Benjamin F., Warren, Wade, Edwin, Rockland. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Sergeants: John H. Young, Rockland, Ord. Sergt. ammunition train; E. S. Rogers, Rockland, div. prov. guard. Privates: Leonard C. Rankin, Rockland, B. F. Palmer, Thomaston, and A. Shepherd, Jefferson, div. prov. guard; Alden Crockett, Rockland, charge of div. supply train; Horatio G. Collins, Rockland, J. G. Whitney, Rockland, James F. Tuttle, Rockland, G. A. Staples, Rockland, and O. F. Brown, Rockland, in div. supply train; James Bolcomb, Thomas- ton, brig, wagon-master; Nathaniel C. Matthews, Rockland, and Rufus Robbins, Rockland, brig, train; Jacob Winslow, Rockland, amb. team; Walter Sutherland, Rockland, brig. cook. Company D. Captain, Edwin Libby, Rockland. Lieutenant, George R. Abbott, Thomaston. 170 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. SERGEANTS. First Sergeant, James McLaughlin, Rockland, William Fountain, Rockland, Samuel L. Meservey, Rockland, CORPORALS. John Witham, Washington, William Perkins, Thomaston, Clark, Abial B., Jefferson, Clark, Joseph E., Northport, Davis, Charles A., Rockland, Fields, Anthony, Washington, Hodges, Charles, Gardiner, Marshall, Henry P., Ruperts, Morrissey, John, Rockland, Pushor, Eben E., Pittsfield, Shepherd, Almon, Jefferson, Townsend, Appleton, Somerville, Trim, Joseph O., Camden, Levi G. Perry, Rockland, Edward Hall, Rockland. PRIVATES. Clark, John M., Belmont, Cunningham, Jacob C., Rockland, Eaton, Isaiah V., Deer Isle, Gray, John S., Deer Isle, Joy, Edward H., Washington, Martin, Christopher, Hope, Peasly, George, Somerville, Richards, Horatio, Rockland, Stickney, Alonzo H., Belfast, Taylor, Simon, Rockland, Watson, Jerome, Union. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Sergeant, Allen P. Far- rington, Rockland, brig, blacksmith. Privates: Mark Perry, Rockland, charge of amb. train; Joseph Thompson, Rockland, Charles P. Burns, Rockland, and Elias Davis, Warren, brig, teamsters; John Miller, Rock- land, div. prov. guard; Joseph Dunbar, Deer Isle, amb. corps; John R. Chase, Swanville, butcher. Company E. First Lieutenant, Jason Carlisle, Boothbay. Second Lieutenant, Charles S. McCobb, Boothbay. sergeants. First Sergeant, Artemas Robinson, Damariscotta, Thomas B. Campbell, Thomaston, Zuinglas C. Gowan, Nobleboro. • corporals. Nathaniel B. Waters, Newcastle, Francis K. Chapman, Nobleboro, Ira A. Waltz, Damariscotta, Willard T. Barstow, Damariscotta, William B. Perkins, Newcastle, John P. Blake, Boothbay. privates. Bryer, Albert W., Boothbay, Chapman, Charles K., Newcastle, Chapman, Everett B., Nobleboro, Corey, John K., Boothbay, Fountain, Isaac W., Bristol, Gove, Oscar C., Newcastle, Hall, Harlow M., Waldoboro, Hodgkins, James H., Nobleboro, Lailer, Frank H., Bristol, Perkins, Thomas R., Newcastle, Smith, William M., Boothbay, Turner, Charles C., Bremen. Giles, Harvey H., Boothbay, Hall, Almond, Newcastle, Hatch, Moses W., Newcastle, Kinney, Jesse S., Newcastle, Mears, Joseph E., Bristol, Skinner, John R., Damariscotta, Thompson, John L., Damariscotta, Waters, Isaac T., Newcastle. On Special Duty or Detached Service: W. M. Hathorn, Thomas- ton, D. E. Gammage, Damariscotta, and E. G. Snow, Nobleboro, div. prov. guard; John W. Lamour, Baltimore, Md., and Lucius B. Varney, Bristol, amb. corps. FOURTH REGIMENT PARTICIPANTS. 171 Company F. Captain, George G. Davis, Brooks. First Lieutenant, Solomon S. Stearns, Portland. Second Lieutenant, George M. Bragg, Lincolnville, commanding Co. K. SERGEANTS. First Sergeant, Albert H. Rose, Brooks, Henry Leach, Knox, Hiram G. York, Dixmont, Charles B. Parsons, Newburg, Rufus G. Bickford, Bangor, Freeman M. Roberts, Jackson, Barlow, Elisha J., Knox, Crocker, Albert D., Dixmont, Forbes, Francis M., Brooks, Hall, Harrison, Troy, Hollis, James M., Thorndike, Nickerson, Daniel C., Swanville, Patterson, Nathan, Belmont, Piper, Enoch F., Newburg, Rowe, Frank, Jr., Brooks, Stone, John F., Dixmont, Whitcomb, Thomas O., Knox, Francis O. J. S. Hill, Newburg, Joseph G. Hilt, Lincolnville. CORPORALS. Winthrop H. Chick, Dixmont, William C. Rowe, Monroe, George R. Hall, Brooks. PRIVATES. Condon, Albert J., Dixmont, Evans, Amos, Brooks, Gardiner, John H., Brooks, Hines, James H., Unity, Jackson, Edward W., Washington, Overlook, Warren, Liberty, Pierce, Daniel, Jr., Monroe, Rowell, Charles H., Montville, Shepherd, John J., Appleton, Tasker, Ephraim D., Dixmont, Wood, Charles A., Belfast. On Special Duty or Detached Service: E. H. Bean, Hampden, orderly div. h’dqrs.; Robert Waterman, Jr., Montville, and Freeman Jones, Washington, hosp. attendants. Company G. First Lieutenant, William A. Barker, Rockland. Second Lieutenant, George L. Crockett, Wiscasset. Sergeant, James T. McKenney, Wiscasset. CORPORALS. John R. Rittal, Dresden, Bradford Lowell, Wiscasset, Crosby R. Brookings, Wiscasset, Nathaniel Stewart, Dresden. PRIVATES. Blinn, Bradford H., Wiscasset, Erskine, Joseph, Wiscasset, Howard, Daniel O., Aina, Howard, Leander, Washington, Light, Elwell, Washington, Munsey, William, Wiscasset, Nute, Alexander, Wiscasset, Piper, James R., Belmont, Seavey, William, Wiscasset, Tibbetts, George, Wiscasset, Call, Timothy, Dresden, Fredson, Peter, Jr., Wiscasset, Howard, Elijah, Washington, Jones, Leonard, Washington, McCorrison, Thomas J., Knox, Nelson, Joseph, Washington, Overlock, Eben, Washington, Rittal, James F., Dresden, Stewart, Thomas, Dresden, Young, Zealor W., Searsmont. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Onesimus Clark, Aina, regt. hosp.; John Downey, Wiscasset, and John B. Carlton, Woolwich, with trains. Company H. Second Lieutenant, Nathaniel A. Robbins, Union. 172 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. SERGEANTS. First Sergeant, Francis P. Ingalls, Bluehill, Joseph B. Babson, Brooklin, Daniel W. Barker, Levant, Horace C. Clough, Rockland, William H. Tripp, Sedgwick. George P. Wood, Penobscot. CORPORALS. John H. Thomas, Warren, J ared R. Reed, Mt. Desert, Allen, Charles W., Sedgwick, Brackett, Charles W., Belfast, Carter, Edwin J., Sedgwick, Crowley, Patrick, Rockland, Farnham, Joseph E., Knox, Gilmore, William D., Hope, Higgins, Simon, Tremont, Jones, Silas S., Lincolnville, McMahan, Daniel, Prospect, Mink, Edwin, Waldoboro, Page, Amos, Kenduskeag, Saunders, Thomas C., Rockland Simmons, William H., Union, PRIVATES. Ames, George L., Camden, Blackington, Alfred, Thomaston, Cox, George, Bangor, Downes, Samuel N., Winterport, Furbish, Abram J., Rockland, Grindle, Elijah H., Penobscot, Jackson, Joel, Montville, Keefe, John, Thomaston, Moore, Charles F. Knox, Noonan, James, Searsport, Rose, Charles, Bangor, Sherman, Frank A., Knox, Stahl, Isaac, Rockland, Wallace, Alexander M., Waldoboro, Whitney, Adolphus M., Bangor, Young, Harrison, Searsmont, Young, Morrison, Searsmont. On Special Duty or Detached Service: James W. Page, Sedg- wick, col.’s regtl. orderly; Stillman Mink, Waldoboro, brig, teamster. Company I. Captain, Robert H. Gray, Stockton. Second Lieutenant, Orpheus Roberts, Stockton. SERGEANTS. First Sergeant, Christopher C. Gray, Stockton, Ivory W. Baird, Camden, Daniel Carley, Prospect, Abiather S. Merrithew, Green Isle. corporals. Clarendon W. Gray, Stockton, Elias B. Moore, Frankfort, Moses H. Witham, Plymouth. privates. Burgin, Augustus, Belfast, Burgin, Chesbrook, Belfast, Calderwood, Henry D , Camden, Donahue, John, Bangor, Fillmore, Richard T., Swanville, Fowler, John C., Searsport, Kent, Edward E., Brewer, Parker, Charles P., St. Albans, Phinney, Charles A., Winterport, Sidelinger, Oliver P., Troy, Small, Samuel D., Swanville, Staples, Alvah, Prospect, Whittam, Clifton, Searsport. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Benjamin Nickerson, Eden, with Randolph’s battery; Robert G. Ames, Searsport, brig, wagon- Chase, Nathan, Searsport, Doyle, Thomas, Searsport, Forbes, Frank, Vassalboro, Jellerson, Lemuel B., Frankfort, Millano, Juan, Plymouth, Pendleton, Lewis E., Frankfort, Rich, Wesley, Jackson, Sidelinger, Rufus P., Troy, Snow, Benjamin F., Orrington, Towers, William S., Searsport, FOURTH REGIMENT CASUALTIES. 173 master; William H. Irving, Vassalboro, brig, h’dqrs. ; Oscar F. Colson, Stockton, brig. hosp. cook; Prentice Colson, Frankfort, and Otis Colson, Winterport, brig. hosp. Company K. [Lieutenant George M. Bragg, of Company F, in command.] SERGEANTS. First Sergeant, Amos B. Wooster, Belfast, David H. Kimball, Belfast, Sears Nickerson, Belfast, Elisha Hanning, Belfast, Dennis Moody, Monroe, Baker, Edward, Belfast, Collins, Charles C., Belfast, Gordon, Ephraim A., Frankfort, Herrin, Andrew, Augusta, Johnson, George F., Windham, Rariden, Michael, Belfast, Robinson, John A., Belfast, Sawyer, John K., Belfast, Ware, Horace L., Northport, John A. Toothaker, Belfast. CORPORALS. Silas M. Perkins, Belfast, James E. Doak, Belfast, Henry A. Davis, Belfast. PRIVATES. Carter, Preston J., Belfast, Deane, James E., Belfast, Hawkins, Aurelius, Waldo, Hilton, Alvin, Appleton, Merrick, Isaiah B., Newport, Ray, Jacob D., Knox, Rogers, Frederick H., Bangor, Shuman, John F., Belfast, Whitehead, Robert, Belfast, Woodbury, William H., Frankfort. Musicians, Frederick J. Low', Frankfort, EleazerJ. Young, Lincolnville. On Special Duty or Detached Service: John A. Rines, Belfast, brig, teamster; A. A. Dailey, Searsmont, and B. F. Young, Lincolnville, amb. corps; E. B. Richards, Lincolnville, and Samuel Jackson, Rockland, brig, guard; George L. Feyler, Thomaston, regt. hostler. REVISED REPORT OF CASUALTIES. FIELD, STAFF AND NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Colonel Elijah Walker, wounded, tendo Achilles. Major Ebenezer Whitcomb, wounded, died Oct. 5th. Sergeant-Major William H. Gardner, prisoner. Company A. SERGEANTS. Marcian W. McManus, prisoner. Thomas H. Gurney, prisoner. Henry W. Ladd, leg wounded. Tolford Durham, prisoner. CORPORALS. Jerry Denning, wounded, hip. James Gall, wounded, foot, the 4th. PRIVATES. Allenwood, Ephraim F., w’d, side. Cooley, Melvin, prisoner. Crosby, William, prisoner. Flye, Daniel D., prisoner. Hatch, Hiram H., prisoner, died. Law r , Melville, prisoner. Sylvester, George W., pris’r, died. Walker, Andrew P., wounded, slight. Curtis, Stephen O., prisoner. Hall, Henry C., prisoner. Hatch, Sylvanus, prisoner, died. Sw'eeney, Dennis, w’d, hand, the 4th. Sylvester, Sanford B., prisoner. 174 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Company B. Captain J. B. Litchfield, prisoner. CORPORALS. Wyman W. Ulmer, wounded, shoulder and breast. Henry T. Mitchell, wounded, prisoner; died in Richmond Dec. 17, 1863. PRIVATES. Stetson, George F., w’d, shoulder Simmons, Hanson B., wounded, face. and breast. Turner, Charles A., wounded, hand. Ulmer, Alonzo N., wounded, face. Company C. Sergeant Rufus O. Fales, prisoner, died in Richmond, Nov. 12, 1863. CORPORALS. John Colburn, wounded, eye. George G. Gardiner, killed. PRIVATES. Brown, James M., prisoner. Butler, E. K., prisoner. Caswell, William, prisoner, died. Collins, William, Jr., prisoner, died. Cunningham, Austin, prisoner. Kellar, Thomas, prisoner, died. Martin, Patrick, wounded, shoulder. Pottle, Andrew, prisoner. Snowdeal, Thomas E., prisoner. Musician Alfred W. Cunningham, prisoner. Company D. Corporal John Witham, killed. PRIVATES. Clark, John M., wounded, leg. Davis, Charles A., wounded. Dunbar, Joseph, amb. corps, w’d, arm. Eaton, Isaiah V., w’d, died in July. Fields, Anthony, prisoner. Gray, John S., wounded, died July 28. Hodges, Charles, prisoner. Martin, Christopher, wounded, hand. Peasly, George, prisoner, died in Ga. Richards, Horatio, pris’r, died in Ga. Shepherd, Almon, wounded, breast. Stickney, Alonzo H., killed. Townsend, Appleton, wounded, pris’r. Taylor, Simon, prisoner. Trim, Joseph O., wounded leg. Watson, Jerome, wounded, face. Company E. Second Lieutenant Charles S. McCobb, killed. Sergeant Zuinglas C. Gowan, prisoner. CORPORALS. Ira A. Waltz, prisoner. Willard T. Barstow,w’d, died Aug. 28. William B. Perkins, wounded, leg. John P. Blake, wounded, hand. PRIVATES. Hatch, Moses W., wounded, arm. Turner, Charles C., prisoner. Company F. Captain George G. Davis, prisoner, escaped old Libby prison. First Lieutenant Solomon S. Stearns, prisoner. Second Lieutenant George M. Bragg, commanding Co. K, w’d, died July 5. Sergeant Henry Leach, prisoner. Corporal William C. Rowe, wounded, side. PRIVATES. Bickford, Rufus G., prisoner. Forbes, Francis M., prisoner. Gardiner, John H., prisoner. Hall, George R., killed. Hall, Harrison, wounded. Hollis, James M., prisoner; died Nov. 27 , 1863 , at Richmond, Va. FOURTH REGIMENT CASUALTIES. 175 Nickerson, Daniel C., prisoner. Overlook, Warren, wounded. Patterson, Nathan, prisoner. Rowe, Frank, Jr., prisoner. Shepherd, John J., prisoner. Stone, John F., wounded, arm. Tasker, Ephraim D., prisoner. Whitcomb, Thomas O., prisoner. Company G. corporals. John R. Rittal, killed. Bradford Lowell, prisoner. Crosby R. Brookings, w’d, died Aug. io. PRIVATES. Blinn, Bradford H., prisoner. Erskine, Joseph, prisoner, died, Richmond, November 22. Fredson, Peter, Jr., wounded, head. Howard, Daniel O., wounded, leg. Howard, Leander, prisoner. McCorrison, Thomas J., wounded. Munsey, William, prisoner. Overlock, Eben, prisoner. Piper, James R., prisoner. Rittal, James F., prisoner. Seavey, William, wounded, head. died, Richmond, November 12. Company H. Lieutenant Nathaniel A. Robbins, prisoner. First Sergeant Francis P. Ingalls, killed. Corporal Daniel W. Barker, wounded, leg. PRIVATES. Brackett, Charles W., wounded, arm. Carter, Edwin J., wounded, shoulder. Emerton, Andrew L., captured at Gilmore, William D., prisoner, Emmitsburg. Higgins, Simon, wounded, back. Rose, Charles .wounded and prisoner. Simmons, William H., prisoner. Steele, George W., capt’d at Emmits- Young, Harrison, pris’r, died at Rich- burg; escaped. mond. Company I. Second Lieutenant Orpheus Roberts, killed. SERGEANTS. Ivory W. Baird, prisoner. Daniel Carley, wounded, hand. PRIVATES. Burgin, Augustus, wounded. Calderwood, Henry D., prisoner. Chase, Nathan, wounded, diedjuly 21. Donahue, John, prisoner. Doyle, Thomas, wounded, died July 5. Parker, Charles P., prisoner. Phinney, Charles A., prisoner. Rich, Wesley, prisoner. Small, Samuel D., prisoner. Towers, William S., wounded. Whittam, Clifton, prisoner. Company K. First Sergeant Amos B. Wooster, wounded in face, slight. Sergeant John A. Toothaker, wounded, diedjuly 20. PRIVATES. Collins, Charles C., prisoner. Gordon, Ephraim A., w’d, ankle. Hawkins, Aurelius, wounded, arm. Herrin, Andrew, prisoner. Hilton, Alvin, wounded, diedjuly 9. Johnson, George F., w’d, died July 9. Merrick, Isaiah B., w’d, neck, pris'r. Rariden, Michael, w’d, died July 24. Ray, Jacob D., wounded, hand. Rogers, Frederick H., killed. Sawyer, John K., killed. Shuman, John F., w’d, diedjuly 15. Ware, Horace L., missing. Whitehead, Robert, wounded, foot. Woodbury, William H., missing. 176 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Note on the foregoing report of casualties. This nominal list shows a total loss in the battle of 140, men and officers. Of these 23 were killed or died of their wounds ; 44 simply wounded ; 73 prisoners, of whom 4 were also wounded. Of the prisoners, many died in southern prisons. The monument inscription of "22 killed and died” did not include Isaiah V. Eaton, who died of Iris wounds, and lies in the National Cemetery. The disparity in the wounded is explained in the address of Colonel Walker. The inscription of 56 miss- ing was an error, the number being, according to the nominal list, too small by 17 ; an application has been made to the Gettysburg Park Commissioners to have the inscription of "56 missing” rectified, if it can be done without marring the monument. REGIMENTAL DEDICATION OF MONUMENT, October 10, 1888. ADDRESS OF COLONEL ELIJAH WALKER. Comrades , Ladies and Gentlemen: — I am not here to deliver an oration of such rhetorical finish as that which characterizes the efforts of my learned comrades at the exercises around the Seventeenth Maine regiment’s monu- ment to-day on the Wheatfield, but as the representative of the Fourth Maine, to accept this granite shaft and turn it over to the protecting care of the Battlefield Memorial Association, pending a formal and more befitting dedication. You will par- don me if, as one speaking from personal knowledge and expe- rience, I take this opportunity to briefly review the Fourth Maine regiment’s history, and tell of a few of the movements in which the command participated in the course of its long term of service in the field. In the latter part of April, 1861, four companies were enlisted and organized in Rockland, two in Belfast, one in Brooks, one in Searsport, one inWiscasset and one in Damaris- cotta. May 8th the officers of these companies met in Rockland, FOURTH REGIMENT MONUMENT DEDICATION. 177 in obedience to orders, and elected Hiram G. Berry as their colonel. The regiment went into camp in Rockland May 17th, was mustered into the United States service June 15th, left the state on the 17th, arrived in Washington the 21st, crossed the Potomac to Alexandria July 8th, and encamped at Bush Hill. On the 12 th a reconnaissance was made by companies Band C, and three Confederate soldiers were captured with loaded muskets in their hands. On the 16th we marched in pursuit of the rebels. On the 21st we came upon and engaged them at Bull Run, where our army was defeated, with a loss to our regi- ment of 23 men killed, 3 officers and 24 men wounded, and 3 officers and 38 men missing. Few are the regiments that suf- fered more by fatalities than this, on that hard-fought field. We returned to Alexandria and the camp we left, on the 16th. From that time until March 17th, 1862, the regiment was employed in drill, picket duty, felling trees and building forti- fications. We also made several reconnaissances, and were the first to report the retreat of the enemy from Manassas. On the 18th we were on board a steamboat en route for Fortress Monroe, whence we went to Hampton, Va. March 25th Colonel Berry, who had been promoted and assigned to the command of a brigade, took leave of the regi- ment, and I assumed command. April 4th we left Hampton, and arrived near Yorktown the next day. Here we remained until May 4th, when we followed the retreating enemy to Wil- liamsburg, where we found them, strongly fortified, on the 5th, Here we escaped without loss of men, although we were the first to occupy Fort Magruder on the morning of the 6th. The enemy were defeated and were followed to Fair Oaks, where the left of our army was attacked on the 31st. Here, for two days, our (Kearny’s) division had severe fighting. June 15th, 2 2d, and 25th the regiment had skirmishing on the picket line. On the 27th, a retreat having been ordered by the army com- mander, our regiment was assigned to prepare two roads across White Oak Swamp, and we were the last infantry troops to cross the swamp on the morning of the 30th. We held the advanced position in the battle of Glendale during that day, and when the retreat began at night were the last to leave the field. 178 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. At Malvern Hill, July 1st, with our food supply exhausted, we held the front line of our division, and were the last infantry to leave that famous battlefield. At Harrison’s Landing we were obliged to endure miasma and bog water until Aug. 15th, when we marched to Yorktown, took a steamer for Alexandria, going thence by rail to Warrenton Junction, where we arrived on the 21st. We were sent five miles in advance, to Rappa- hannock Station, where on the 27th we were left, without rations, to serve as a " blind ” and be captured by the enemy, if need be ; but we succeeded in extricating ourselves, by hard marching, with the loss of a few who became exhausted and fell into the hands of the rebels. These unfortunates were stripped of their outer garments, paroled and permitted to rejoin us. On the morning of the 29th we arrived on the Bull Run battle- field, where we had severe fighting nearly all day, losing 10 men killed, 2 officers, the sergeant-major, and 33 men wounded, and 8 missing. I escaped without injury, but thereafter my horse carried Confederate lead in his flesh. On the 30th our division was on the reserve, but late in the day we had a lively time, and the Fourth Maine and 40th N. Y., were the last to leave the field. September 1st, at Chantilly, we were sent by General Kearny to open an attack on the enemy, and had desperate fighting, losing 12 men killed and 2 officers and 52 men wounded. My horse was shot and killed. We then fell back to Alexandria, moving thence up the Potomac to Point of Rocks, Md. October 12th we had a skirmish with Stuart’s cavalry near the mouth of the Monocacy. The Third and Fourth Maine were under my command, and we were successful in turning the cavalry into a road leading to an ambush at the ford ; our troops, however, that were to spring the trap, hastily left on the approach of the horsemen, who crossed the Potomac in safety. On the 28th we left the upper Potomac and marched to Falmouth, arriving on the 20th of November. The first duty assigned us here was to load 300 wagons with logs. We then moved twelve miles down the river and built a corduroy bridge across a swamp. This work accomplished, we joined our divis- ion, by a forced march, and crossed below Fredericksburg, FOURTH REGIMENT : COL. WALKER’S ADDRESS. 179 where, on December 13th, I led 211 men and officers in a charge upon the enemy’s fortified position, having 3 officers and 19 men killed, and 7 officers and 59 men wounded; 36 men were reported missing, of whom 8 have never been heard from. Our army retreated on the morning of the 16th, when I withdrew and followed the last pickets across the river. At Chancellorsville, May 2d and 3d, we had our share of the fighting, taking the lead in the moonlight charge and being the last to cross the pontoon bridge on the retreat. Here we lost 1 officer and 2 men killed, 3 officers and 15 men wounded, and 7 men missing. Tilings remained quiet until June 11th, when we marched from camp to Bealeton Station, thence successively, to Catlett’s Station, Manassas Junction and Blackburn’s Ford, and on the 17th arrived at Centreville. On the 19th our Third corps bivouacked at Gum Springs, where we remained until the 25th, when we again moved and bivouacked at the mouth of the Monocacy. On the 26th we marched to Point of Rocks, Md. ; on the 27th to Middletown; on the 29th to Taneytown, and on the 30th to near Emmitsburg, occupying the village the next morning, July 1st, at 11 o’clock. At 1 p. m. our corps commander, General Sickles, led the larger part of his command to Gettysburg, arriving at 7 o’clock that evening. We heard there had been a severe engagement in which our troops encoun- tered a force much superior in point of numbers, and were driven back past Seminary Ridge, through the village of Gettys- burg, and having made a stand on Cemetery Hill, were there re-forming their lines. This was unwelcome news to us who had been so often defeated, but every soldier knew we were on the free soil of a free people, and all were determined to defend it or die in the attempt. The sun disappeared, and presently the stars became dimly visible through a vaporous and smoky atmosphere. The sol- diers were seeking rest for their wearied limbs, and the officers were engaged in readjusting the lines and forming new ones, and in seeing that their men were supplied with ammunition. With my regiment of about 300 men and 18 officers I made a bed of that soil destined to become the Union veterans’ Mecca, and to be immortalized in song and story ; and we were trying 180 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. to get a little sleep in preparation for the morrow when I heard a familiar voice inquiring for Colonel Walker, and I answered, " I am here, captain. Is it our turn to establish a picket line ? ” " Yes, it is the order of General Sickles that your regiment establish a picket line, the right to connect with the First corps pickets and the left with those of the Second corps.” I reluctantly obeyed, moved to the front about half a mile and established a line by a rail fence, some 30 or 40 rods west of the Emmitsburg road, making connection with the First corps pickets, as directed, but I failed to find any troops on my left, except a few cavalry scouts. The enemy’s pickets, at this time, occupied the woods directly in our front, 30 and 50 rods from our line, in which woods the enemy were assembling throughout the night. All was quiet until daybreak, when they opened fire upon us and several times advanced into the open- ing, but were as often glad to regain the shelter of the woods. Early that morning I reported a large force in the woods in front of me, but the report was disregarded by my superiors, and I was twice ordered to advance and drive the enemy’s pickets out of the woods. These orders I did not attempt to execute. At 9 o’clock Colonel Berdan reported to me with 250 of his Sharpshooters with orders to join me in dislodging the rebels. I soon convinced Colonel Berdan that it would be foolhardy to make the attempt, and he agreed with me that an attack on the rebels’ flank was the only practicable move that could be made, if our superiors could not be otherwise convinced of the strength of the concealed Confederates. He left, saying he would report the result of his observations, and at about 9.30 the Third Maine and the Sharpshooters did attack the rebels’ flank, as I had suggested, by which movement the correctness of my conclusions was soon demonstrated. From that time until 2.30 p. m. it was quiet in our front, but there was some sharp fighting on our left, and we were then relieved by the 1st Mass. We at once joined our brigade, which we found pack- ing up to move, advanced with it to the front and were assigned a position on the high ground to the left of the corps and, at that time, the left of the army, connecting with the 124th N. Y. At my front and centre was the 4th N. Y. battery, Captain Smith. FOURTH REGEMENT MONUMENT DEDICATION. 181 It was now 3 o’clock and my men were hungry, having drank water for supper, breakfast and dinner. Fires were kindled, a heifer was found near by and slaughtered, coffee was steeped and beef impaled on sticks was warmed over the blaze. We drank our coffee and ate the very rare and thoroughly smoked meat, sprinkling it with salt, of which condiment every soldier carried a little in his pocket. At 3.45 the enemy came out of the woods half a mile from us and opened fire with their artillery, Smith’s battery respond- ing. Their infantry appeared in large numbers. They first met the 2d U. S. Sharpshooters, commanded by Lieut. -Col. Stoughton, who checked the advance, but fell back as the strong rebel force came on. I was ordered to the left, leaving Smith’s guns without support and creating a space of about two hun- dred yards without infantry. To this move I objected, but was assured by the adjutant-general of the brigade, who brought the order, that other troops would take my place to protect the battery. I unwillingly moved to the low ground, — the valley now memorable in history, — sending a few skirmishers, com- manded by Capt. Arthur Libby, into the woods between the two mountains, and also a strong line of skirmishers to my front. I soon withdrew the men from the woods, as troops were coming down Little Round Top in the rear of Libby’s line. The line in front had a severe time with the advance of the enemy, but was not dislodged. The troops of the Fifth corps had occupied Little Round Top and were advancing down its southern slope, being 40 or 50 rods to my rear and left, when they met the enemy. Mus- ketry fire commenced with severity. At this time I had not been engaged, except with my skir m ish line in the valley, but in a moment the 44th Ala. regiment appeared at the edge of a wood of small pines on our left flank. The colonel of that regi- ment says that while he was getting his men into position, and before they fired a shot, one-fourth of them had been killed or disabled ; but when he did open fire upon us we soon found, to our sorrow, that we had no mean foe to contend with. They soon gave up and retired into the woods, where they were com- pletely concealed. 182 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Smith, on the high ground, abandoned his guns, and the rebels came over on my right flank and in rear of my skirmish line, many of the latter surrendering. I moved back about 100 yards, fixed bayonets, and charged forward by the right oblique, driving the enemy from Smith’s guns and connecting with the 124th N. Y. We had a sharp encounter on our left, at the brow of the hill, a little to the right of Devil’s Den. It was at close quarters. I was on foot and wounded, my horse hav- ing been killed. My sword was wrenched from my hand, but my men saved me and I recovered the sword. At this critical moment the 99th Penn, came to our assistance, forming on our left along the brow of the hill, and the enemy fell back, taking cover behind the rocks and bowlders and in Devil’s Den. The 6th N. J. regiment soon arrived, taking position to the left of the 99th Penn, and the 40th N. Y., extending the line further to the left, swinging their right and advancing into the low ground. The low, wet ground, which we had been obliged to abandon, was occupied by large numbers of the advancing enemy, but that valley, which we had christened, had received its name for all time, — the " Valley of Death.” We held our position until about sunset, when our brigade fell back and the troops from the Second and Fifth corps had a line in our rear. When I gave the order to fall back I was unable to walk, but was saved from prison, and possibly from death, by Sergeant Mowiy of company B and Corporal Roberts of company F, who wrested me from the foe and assisted me to the rear. Our flag was pierced by thirty-two bullets and two pieces of shell, and its staff was shot off, but Sergt. Henry O- Ripley, its bearer, did not allow the color to touch the ground, nor did he receive a scratch, though all the others of the color- guard were killed or wounded. I turned the regiment over to Capt. Edwin Libby, a tried, brave and faithful officer, and took my first ride in an ambu- lance. July 3d the regiment was with the brigade, in reserve, and with the Third Maine, 99th Penn, and 20th Ind., under Colonel Lakeman, moved to support the Second corps when the enemy was assaulting it. On the 4th it was on picket. The Fourth Maine was with the troops that followed the FOURTH REGIMENT : COL. WALKER’S ADDRESS. 183 defeated enemy into Virginia, our division meeting and engag- ing the rebels at Wapping Heights on the 23d. I was absent, but I rejoined the regiment in time to be with it in the manoeu- vres from Culpeper to Centreville, in October. At Kelly’s Ford, November 7th, I commanded the second attacking brigade, composed of 99th Penn., 86th and 124th N. Y., Third, Fourth, and Seventeenth Maine. I had the Fourth Maine in support of Randolph’s Rhode Island battery, but it escaped without casualties. At Orange Grove, Novem- ber 27th, seeing the supports leaving Randolph’s battery, I took my regiment to his assistance, dragged Iris guns out of the mud, placed them on high ground, and the enemy were repulsed with great slaughter. At Mine Run, November 29th and 30th, the Fourth Maine and 20th Ind. had special orders to charge the rebel batteries, at a signal gun announcing General Warren’s attack on the left ; had the signal gun been fired we would have been given over to destruction, but Warren refrained from assaulting. During the winter of 1864 I was recommended by my superior officers and a long list of Maine officials, including the governor, for promotion ; having, in an unguarded moment, expressed my favoritism for George B. McClellan, our repre- sentative, who had been intrusted with my cause, failed to present the recommendations. May 5th we were the first of the Second (Hancock’s) corps to meet and attack the enemy, losing 1 officer killed and 3 mor- tally wounded ; 4 other officers were wounded, 1 of whom being disabled; 17 men were killed, 104 wounded and 2 missing. Myself and horse were wounded, but I remained on duty. May 6th I was in command of the brigade. We had severe fighting all day, the Fourth Maine losing 1 officer killed, and myself and another slightly wounded but not disabled ; also 4 men killed, 26 men wounded and 6 missing. On the 7th, 4 men were wounded and 1 missing, probably killed, as he was never heard from. Small engagements often afforded as critical situations as great battles. One such occasion befell me on May 10th, when I was ordered to cross the Po River and, using the Fourth and 184 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. part of the Seventeenth Maine and the picket men, to force the enemy’s outposts and learn what force he had. The stream was some 10 or 12 feet broad, bordered with swamps, and varied in depth up to six feet. With Captain Briscoe, of Gen- eral Birney’s staff, I crossed and reconnoitered ; decided to advance the Seventeenth and pickets on the road nearest the river, wdiile I led the Fourth by another road farther out, run- ning nearly parallel. The enemy’s mounted videttes retired as we approached them. During our advance of about two miles we wounded and took two of them with their horses. While scouting in advance of my men, I suddenly came within 150 yards of a gray-appareled line of battle which a scrub growth had concealed from view. We then retraced our steps to the road on which Briscoe had advanced and was now skirmishing with the "graybacks,” as I wanted to recall him and cross the stream, for I knew they would be after us in large numbers. But an order came from division headquarters to go in and assist Briscoe’s force to drive back the enemy’s pickets. I pro- tested but could not disobey the order. Sending my color- guard and prisoners across the river, and leaving Lieut. Henry O. Ripley with a squad of men to guard the road, I attempted to carry out my instructions. Captain Briscoe was then a mile away. Advancing about half a mile I received an order to rejoin the division on the other side of the river. Sending out Capt. Arthur Libby with a few men to learn whether our road was open, he found that the "woods were full of them,” and commanding the road. This was one of the situations that tests a man’s nerves. I formed my men under the brow of a hill, where they bravely held the enemy in check while I got word to Briscoe to retreat across the river. We then dashed through the swamp and into the water, which with the mud was up to our armpits ; this was our only chance, as the enemy had gained the river on our right and left. My horse followed the men, and both he and his rider were safely landed on the other side with the assistance of two gallant boys. Here my beloved and reliable Lieutenant Ripley was brought in a blanket, fatally wounded. On the enemy’s approach to the point where he had been stationed, he had rallied his men FOURTH REGIMENT MONUMENT DEDICATION. 185 to check their advance, and the next instant a bullet had passed through his neck. His men retreated and crossed on the road. In this spirited affair two enlisted men of the regiment were also wounded, — one mortally, — and four were missing. Rip- ley was the sixth officer of the regiment killed or mortally wounded since this short campaign began, the others being Cap- tains Amos B. Wooster and Edwin Libby, killed ; Major Robert H. Gray and Lieutenants C. C. Gray and J. R. Conant, mor- tally wounded; four others besides myself had been wounded, but only one disabled from duty. On the 12th, at Spotsylvania, we were exempt from casual- ties. On the loth one man was wounded. On the 23d, at North Anna, in a successful charge upon the enemy’s works, which, on the north side of the river, defended a bridge, we had 5 men killed and 19 wounded. I was again hit by a rebel bullet, adjutant Sawyer was also wounded, — both continued on duty. On the 24th one man was killed, private Juan Millano, the last on our long "roll of honor.” June 2d, at Cold Harbor, two men were wounded. June 14th we crossed the James River, and on the 15th I turned over to the Nineteenth Maine the 217 re-enlisted men and later recruits, and with the balance of my command, including 4 staff and 9 line officers and 113 men, proceeded to Maine, where we were mustered out of the service July 19, 1864. When General Berry was called to a more exalted position, he recommended me for the colonelcy of the regiment he so dearly loved. I accepted the honor reluctantly, conscious of my inability to adequately fill his place ; but I am satisfied that while under my command the name and fame of the regiment were bravely upheld, and that fresh laurels were added to those it had already won. [I desire to say here, that the 99th Pennsylvania monu- ment stands on ground from which that regiment did not fire a shot July 2, 1863. Their right was where their left marker is now placed, and extended along the brow of the hill. The Fourth Maine are entitled to the ground from the 124th N. Y. to the base of Little Round Top, except that occupied for a time by Smith’s 4th N. Y. battery.] 186 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. The number of wounded recorded on our regimental shaft O includes only such as were seriously disabled. In conclusion, I desire to say that, as a Commissioner appointed by the governor, I accept this monument (which is of my own design) from the granite and lime district of Maine in which the regiment whose heroism it commemorates was raised, and to you, Major Krauth, representative of the Battlefield Memorial Association, I entrust it, with the fervent hope that when the stone shall have yielded to the disintegrat- ing hand of time, our flag will still be floating over an undi- vided country and a free people. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The Fourth Maine regiment of infantry was composed of volunteers mainly from Knox, Lincoln and Waldo counties. It was raised and organized under an act of the legislature of Maine approved April 25, 1861, authorizing the raising of ten regiments in anticipation of requirements that were soon to be made by the general government to aid in suppressing the rebellion. The original organization when mustered into U. S. service was as follows : FIELD, STAFF AND NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Colonel, Hiram G. Berry, Rockland. Lieutenant-Colonel, Thomas H. Marshall, Belfast. Major, Frank S. Nickerson, Belfast. Adjutant, Jabez B. Greenhalgh, Rockland. Quartermaster, Isaac C. Abbott, Rockland. Surgeon, William A. Banks. Assistant Surgeon, Elisha Hopkins. Chaplain, Benjamin A. Chase, Unity. Sergeant-Major, S. H. Chapman. Quartermaster-Sergeant, John H. Crowell, Winterport. Commissary-Sergeant, Julius S. Clark. Hospital Steward, Charles S. McCobb, Boothbay. Principal Musician, Isaac Prince, Belfast. Fife-major, Henry E. Burkmar, Belfast. COMPANY OFFICERS. Co. A. Captain, Henry W. Cunningham, Belfast. First Lieutenant, Richard S. Ayer, Montville. Second Lieutenant, Isaac C. Abbott, Rockland. FOURTH REGIMENT HISTORICAL SKETCH. 187 Co. B. Captain, Elijah Walker, Rockland. First Lieutenant, Orrin P. Mitchell, Rockland. Second Lieutenant, Julius B. Litchfield, Rockland. Co. C. Captain, Oliver J. Conant, Rockland. First Lieutenant, Charles A. Rollins, Thomaston. Second Lieutenant, Charles B. Greenhalgh, Rockland. Co. D. Captain, Lorenzo D. Carver, Rockland. First Lieutenant, Thomas B. Glover, Rockland. Second Lieutenant, Charles L. Strickland, Rockland. Co. E. Captain, Stephen C. Whitehouse, Newcastle. First Lieutenant, James O. Dow, Newcastle. Second Lieutenant, Frederick E. Hussey, Newcastle. Co. F. Captain, Andrew D. Bean, Brooks. First Lieutenant, James S. Huxford, Brooks. Second Lieutenant, Charles H. Burd, Belfast. Co. G. Captain, Edwin M. Smith, Wiscasset. First Lieutenant, William H. Clark, Wiscasset. Second Lieutenant, Gustavus Rundlett, Wiscasset. Co. H. Captain, G. J. Burns, Rockland. First Lieutenant, John C. Cobb, Rockland. Second Lieutenant, B. P. Brackley, Rockland. Co. I. Captain, Ebenezer Whitcomb, Searsport. First Lieutenant, William E. Burgin, Searsport. Second Lieutenant, James N. Fowler, Searsport. Co. K. Captain, Silas M. Fuller, Belfast. First Lieutenant, Alden D. Chase, Belfast. Second Lieutenant, Horatio H. Carter, Belfast. The organization, after the first battle of Bull Run, began to change by resignation. The vacancies in the company officers were filled by promoting non-commissioned officers and pri- vates, so that by January 1, 1862, the regiment got firmly upon a war basis. Captain Elijah Walker had become Major, and before the spring campaign of 1862 opened, was promoted to the colonelcy. The original company H was disbanded Sep- tember 21, 1861. The officers left the service ; but the enlisted men were not discharged, they remained in service, and faith- fully performed their duties to the end. To take the place of this a new company H was recruited at Bangor and Belfast, and in November, 1861, organized with William L. Pitcher for Captain, and Albert L. Spencer and George F. Bourne, as Lieutenants, all from Bangor. The active service in the field performed by the Fourth Maine is so fully outlined in the dedication address of Colonel Walker, which appears on the preceding pages, that a recount- ing of the same is omitted here. 188 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. ROSTER. The following information relating to officers of the Fourth Maine regiment is obtained from the Volunteer Army Register (part 1), published by the War Department, August 31, 1865, and other reliable sources. Officers at Muster-out, July 19, 1864. Colonel: Elijah Walker, March 17, 1862. Lieutenant-Colonel: George G. Davis, May 10, 1864. Captains: Julius B. Litchfield, August i, 1862, prisoner of war, dis- charged March 3, 1865; Ezra B. Carr, April 2, 1863; William A. Barker, September 1, 1863; Arthur Libby, December 9, 1863; Jason Carlisle, Decem- ber 23, 1863; Charles H. Conant, December 31, 1863; George R. Abbott, January 13, 1864, — while Lieutenant of company D served as Quartermaster from July 22, 1863, to January 13, 1864; after muster-out with Fourth Maine he served as Captain in 1st Maine S. S. and as Major Twentieth Maine regiment; brevet Colonel. First Lieutenants: Charles F. Sawyer, Adjutant, February 26, 1862, afterwards Captain Twentieth Maine, brevet Major; Solomon S. Stearns, May 12, 1862; Edward D. Redman, October 9, 1863; Elisha S. Rogers, October 16, 1863; George L. Crockett, December 8, 1863; Artemas Robin- son, January 1, 1864; Kendall K. Rankin, January 13, 1864, — served as Quartermaster until muster-out. Second Lieutenants: Nathaniel A. Robbins, March 12, 1863, pro- moted to Quartermaster, not mustered, prisoner of war, discharged March 15, 1865; Marcian W. McManus, July 23, 1863. Surgeon: Seth C. Hunkins, June 14, 1861. Assistant Surgeon: Albion Cobb (a. w. m.). Chaplain: Benjamin A. Chase, June 15, 1861. (Dates given above refer to rank or commissions, those given hereafter refer to date of the event.) DIED. Majors: William L. Pitcher, killed in action at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862; Ebenezer Whitcomb, October 5, 1863, of wounds received at Gettysburg; Robert H. Gray, May 9, 1864, of wounds received in battle of the Wilderness. Captains: Daniel H. Adams, April 29, 1863, of disease; Andrew J. Gray, August 22, 1863, of disease; Edwin Libby, killed at battle of the Wil- derness, May 5, 1864; Amos B. Wooster, killed at battle of the Wilderness, May 6, 1864. First Lieutenants : George F. Bourne, killed at battle of Fredericks- burg, Va., December 13, 1862; Joseph R. Conant, May 8, 1864, of wounds received May 5; Christopher C. Gray, May 29, 1864, of wounds received May 5, Wilderness; Henry O. Ripley, June 13, 1864, of wounds received in action of Po river. Second Lieutenants: Walter S. Goodale, killed in battle of Fred- ROSTER OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT. 189 ericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862; Sheridan F. Miller, killed in battle of Chancellorsville, May 2, 1863; Orpheus Roberts, killed in battle of Gettys- burg, July 2, 1863; Charles S. McCobb, killed in battle of Gettysburg, July 2, 1863; George M. Bragg, July 5, 1863, of wounds received at Gettysburg. PROMOTED OUT OF REGIMENT. Col. Hiram G. Berry, March 17, 1862, to Brig.-General of Vols.; Lieut.- Col. Thomas H. Marshall, Sept. 9, 1861, to Colonel 7th Maine Vols.; Lieut. - Col. Frank S. Nickerson, November 29, 1861, to Colonel 14th Maine Vols.; Capt. Edwin M. Smith, April 1, 1862, to Captain and A. A. G. ; First Lieut, and R. Q. M. Isaac C. Abbott, July 8, 1863, to Captain and A. Q. M. RESIGNED AND DISCHARGED. Resigned: Lieut.-Col. Silas M. Fuller, March 1, 1862. Captains: Oliver J. Conant, September 9, 1861; Stephen C. White- house, October 31, 1861; Henry W. Cunningham, December 16, 1861, became Lieutenant-Colonel 19th Maine regt. ; Joseph L. Havener, April 3, 1862; Charles B. Greenhalgh, April 27, 1862; Andrew D. Bean, May 12, 1862; Orrin P. Mitchell, July 31, 1862; Gustavus Rundlett, August 12, 1862; Levi R. Bisbee, September 30, 1862; Thomas B. Glover, October 28, 1862; James D. Erskine, November 29, 1862; Charles A. Rollins, January 7, 1863; Albert L. Spencer, January 23, 1863; William H. Clark, January 27, 1863; Richard S. Ayer, March 22, 1863, — afterwards Captain in Inv. corps; George F. Crabtree, June 21, 1S63; John G. Auld, December 14, 1863. First Lieutenants: James O. Dow, July 8, 1861; Alden D. Chase, July 15, 1861; William E. Burgin, August 15, 1861; John C. Cobb, Septem- ber 27, 1861; James S. Huxford, October 2S, 1861; Benjamin Kelley, Jr., February 22, 1862; Charles L. Strickland, May 4, 1862; James N. Fowler, July 18, 1862; Alonzo E. Libby, November 13, 1862; Otis C. McGray, April 3, 1863; Jabez B. Greenhalgh, May 27, 1863; William Shields, September 27, 1863, — became Lieut. U. S. Army; Frank D. Ames, October 8, 1863. Second Lieutenants: Fred E. Hussey, July 8, 1861; Horatio H. Carter, August 12, 1861; Beniah P. Brackley, September 19, 1861. Surgeon: Abial Libby, July 17, 1862. Assistant Surgeon: William R. Benson, September 30, 1862. Discharged: Lieut.-Col. Lorenzo D. Carver, December 16, 1863, for disability; 2d Lieut. Charles H. Burd, January 1, 1862; Surgeon George W. Martin, May 12, 1863; Surgeon W. A. Banks, July 18, 1861; Asst. Sur- geon Elisha Hopkins, July 18, 1861. OTHERWISE LEFT THE SERVICE. Surgeons: Freeland S. Holmes, never joined regiment, commissioned into 6th Maine; Capt. G. J. Bums dismissed October 10, 1861; 2d Lieut. Eben Harding dismissed April 27, 1863. 190 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. MONUMENT OF SEVENTEENTH MAINE REGIMENT. This monument, of Hallowell granite, stands at the south edge of the Wheat-field, between the Peach Orchard and Devil’s Den, by the stone fence, where its colors were July 2, 1863, at the position where the regiment suc- cessfully resisted all assaults of the enemy upon it. Two square bases of single blocks support a four-sided shaft or die, which, inlaid with diamond- shaped blocks of red granite, rises to the capital with a projecting cornice. This forms a platform on which is a sculptured group, chiseled from a block of white granite, representing a section of stone-wall, with wheat, and the statue of a typical soldier of 1863, true in every detail, posed alert, resting upon one knee in the wheat, holding his rifle, at the “ ready,” across the wall. Admeasurements: 1st base, 8 feet by 8 feet by 2 feet 3 inches; 2d base, 6 feet by 6 feet by 2 feet 8 inches; shaft, tapering from 4 feet 3 inches to 3 feet 8 inches, each side, by 9 feet; cap, 4 feet 9 inches by 4 feet 9 inches by 2 feet; statue, 4 feet 9 inches by 4 feet 9 inches by 4 feet 6 inches. Total height, 20 feet 5 inches. Upon two sides are the following inscriptions: — 130 Killed and Wounded, 350 Engaged. July 2, 1863. 17 th Maine Infantry. Lt. Col. Chas. B. Merrill, Commanding. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, 3rd Corps. Wheat-Field, July 2, 1863 ; Pickett’s Repulse, July 3, 1863. — See page 191 for legend upon the monument. SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT MONUMENT. 191 LEGEND. Upon a bronze panel set into the north side of the second base is this legend: — The Seventeenth Maine fought here in the WhEATFIELD 2 1-2 HOURS, AND AT THIS POSITION FROM 4:10 to 5:45 p. m., July 2, 1863. On July 3, at time OF THE ENEMY’S ASSAULT, IT REINFORCED THE CENTRE AND SUPPORTED ARTILLERY. LOSS, I32. KILLED OR MORTALLY WOUNDED, 3 OFFICERS, 37 MEN. WOUNDED, 5 OFFICERS, 87 MEN. This regiment of volunteers from western Maine was mustered into the United States ser- vice at Portland, August 18, 1862, for three years. It took part in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wapping Heights, Auburn, Kelly’s Ford, Locust Grove, Mine Run, Wilderness, Po River, Sfottsylvania, Fredericks- burg Road, North Anna, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Jerusalem Road, Deep Bottom, Peeble’s Farm, Fort Hell, Boydton Road, Siege of Peters- burg, Hatcher’s Run, Fall of Petersburg, Detons- ville, Sailor’s Creek, Farmville, Appomattox. Aggregate actual strength in service, 91 offi- cers, 1,475 men. Killed and died of wounds, 12 offi- cers, 195 men. Died of disease, 4 officers, 12S men. Died in Confederate prisons, 31 men. Wounded, not MORTALLY, 33 OFFICERS, 519 MEN. MISSING IN ACTION, FATE UNKNOWN, 35 MEN. TOTAL LOSS, 957. MUSTERED out June 4, 1865. SEVENTEENTH MAINE REGIMENT, THIRD BRIGADE, FIRST DIVISION, THIRD ARMY CORPS, AT THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. W E have followed the fortunes of the Third and Fourth Maine regiments, the one upon the right and the other upon the left of Birney’s line. At a point near the centre of this line another Maine regiment, the Seventeenth infantry, of de Trobriand’s brigade, defended a no less impor- tant position. This was one of the two brigades which Sickles left near Emmitsburg to guard the mountain passes while he pressed on to Gettysburg, eleven miles away, with the rest of the corps, in response to Howard’s call for assistance. But before daybreak of July 2d Colonel deTrobriand received orders to come up to Gettysburg. The brigade marched rapidly, but cautiously, up the Emmitsburg road, arriving near Gettysburg late in the forenoon. The regiment was under command of Lieut. -Colonel Merrill, ably seconded by Major West. As it passed northerly along the road beyond the Peach Orchard it received a fire from the Confederate skirmishers, screened by the woods in which they were posted, west of the road. The regiment filed off the road to the east and, passing through grass fields and across lots, halted near a growth, where the hungry boys made a hasty luncheon of hard tack and coffee. In the line, which Sickles was forming, de Trobriand first occupied the ridgy, wooded ground between the Peach Orchard and the Wheatfield. The Wheatfield was of triangular shape, about 400 yards each side ; the highest portion was bounded by a cross road running along by the Peach Orchard and east- erly across the north slope of Little Round Top. The Wheat- field sloped down southerly from this road, and along its westerly side by a wood, to quite low ground, making a corner near a branch of Plum Run, with a thick alder growth on the Apex of I 7 SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT ENGAGED. 193 west ; the third or southerly side was bounded by an open growth of sizable trees, a stone-wall intervening, and this wood separated the Wheatfield from Devil’s Den. The Seventeenth was at first placed south of the Peach Orchard, supporting the skirmish line of the 3d Mich. De Trobriand had two regiments at the front, to the left of the latter, — the 5th Mich., whose skirmishers connected to the 3d, near the Rose barn, also the 110th Penn., a small regiment. The largest regiment in the brigade, the 40th N. Y., was in the wood, in reserve, behind these. The ball opened by a shot from a battery at the Peach Orchard, soon taken up by Smith’s battery at Devil’s Den, the latter drawing fire from the enemy’s batteries near the Emmits- buro- road farther south. Ward’s brigade extended from Devil’s Den, through the wood, nearly to the ’Wheatfield. The advance of the enemy’s line of battle was such that Ward received the first contact, on an attempt by the enemy to capture Smith’s battery. There was a gap between Ward and de Trobriand at the south corner of the Wheatfield. To occupy this gap the Seventeenth Maine was hastened upon the double-quick by the left, taking up its position at the stone-wall, the right of the regiment extending beyond the wall to the alders. Some time after, the 40th N. Y. was also taken from de Trobriand and sent to Ward’s left rear, in the Plum Run valley. Shortly after 4 p. m. the Seventeenth planted its colors at the stone-wall on the southern edge of the historic Wheat- field (a). There were no immediately connecting troops upon its left or right. The regiment took position just in time to receive the first and furious attack made by the enemy on that part of the line. This was made by Robertson’s brigade of Hood’s division, and the first struggle of the Seventeenth was with the 3d Ark. regiment. The latter, advancing towards the battery, struck the line of the Seventeenth obliquely ; the Seventeenth overlapping its left flank, threw it into confusion by a spirited enfilading fire. Their line recoiled. After a short delay they made a change of front, and brought in some of the (a) The authority for this account of the Seventeenth’s battle is Captain George W. Verrill, a participant in the battle as Second Lieutenant of company C. He is also the author of all that part relating to the battle in the Wheatfield. 194 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. 1st Texas from their right. Advancing again they made an effort to dislodge the Seventeenth from its position, but without avail. Their lines were again broken, causing a partial with- drawal of their attacking forces here, and likewise at that part of the line where they had previously pressed hard upon Ward’s brigade (b). The enemy re-formed his lines and brought in Anderson’s Georgia brigade with these scattered portions of Robertson’s, making another determined assault. As this developed an attack extending from Little Round Top westward, and beyond the right of the Seventeenth, it brought into action the 5th Mich, and 110th Penn, regiments, which were posted on the wooded ground west of the Wheatfield, as well as some regiments of the Fifth corps, posted on the right of these. As the (b) General Ward said in his official report, “The valuable services rendered by Col. T. W. Egan, Lieut-Col. Merrill and their noble regiments (40th N. Y. and Seven- teenth Maine), at an opportune moment, cannot be over-estimated. Also see Rebel- lion Records, Vol. 27, part 2, page 408, reports of 3d Ark. and 1st Texas. SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT ENGAGED. 195 right wing of the Seventeenth, prolonging the course of the stone-wall beyond its west end, extended obliquely towards the enemy, in advance of the general position, and was thus in the air, the Georgians outflanked it when they advanced. Perceiving this, the Seventeenth promptly took measures to avert disaster. One-third of the regiment from its right was swung back to a slight rail fence which, starting from the stone- wall at nearly a right angle, formed the boundary of the real wheat field. Thus two fronts were presented by the regiment, forming a salient angle at the stone- wall. The movement was accomplished, although with considerable loss, so quietly that the rest of the regiment, engaged as they were with the enemy, were not aware of it, a steady fire, being kept up. The tables were turned. As the veterans of Georgia moved directly for- ward upon the 5th Mich, and 110th Penn., who received them face to face, this newline of the right wing of the Seven- teenth took them in flank. They changed front to match the flank line of the Seventeenth and again advanced, and thus exposed their left to the reliable men of the 5th Mich. Mean- while the enemy, that was not affected by this flanking fire, pressed forward, even up to the stone- wall, and a desperate struggle at close quarters ensued for this coveted position. At the salient angle was company B, with H, K and C at the right ; at the left of B was G the color company, and on its left, along the stone-wall, were D, I, F, A and E. All received a raking fire, particularly G, B and H, but all remained stead- fast, and routed the enemy, some of whom were taken prisoners, their color-bearer, who had advanced nearly to our line, nar- rowly escaping capture. On that portion of the line the enemy had made no impression, and Anderson’s brigade retired out of range. The fight had continued over an hour ; many had fallen, but success inspired confidence. To complete his line so as to attack the Peach Orchard in reverse, Longstreet now brought in Kershaw’s South Carolina brigade of McLaws’ division, which advanced, holding its left upon the Enmiitsburg road and pushing forward its right to gain ground to the east, so as to assault the Orchard from the south, as it advanced, and at the same time secure a foothold 196 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. at the Wheatfield, thus taking de Trobriand in the right flank and rear. Sennnes’ brigade, on the right of Kershaw, was ex- pected to assist Kershaw and connect with Anderson’s brigade. The troops of Barnes’ division of the Fifth corps that had taken an excellent position on the right of de Trobriand, and had assisted in repulsing the last previous assault, were in a situation to receive a part of Kershaw’s force in line. Ker- shaw’s advance, at about 5 : 30 p. m. could be plainly seen as his regiments gained the Rose building ; as they advanced, Ander- son’s brigade also made another attack. The assault was most desperate, with a strength at least double that of ours ; if suc- cessful it would sweep directly across the Wheatfield, converg- ing as it advanced. Again the Seventeenth at the stone-wall held the enemy at bay ; at its angle it repelled the attempts of Anderson after a long and persistent struggle ; but Kershaw forced back the Fifth corps forces at the " loop ” and struck the flank of de Trobriand’ s brigade in the woods. Pushing ahead for a junction with Anderson, a portion of the assailants made for the west corner of the Wheatfield through the thick alder growth, happily there, which both impeded their rush and broke the solidity of their ranks ; they emerged through the alders within fifty paces of the flanking right wing of the Seventeenth, which awaited them at the rail fence. Here were a hundred muskets, in the hands of steady veterans, to receive them : " Aim low, boys ! make every shot tell ! ” With the most frantic efforts to re-form his lines for a charge, the enemy was unsuccessful ; the men dropped as they emerged from the alders ; in a few minutes they gave it up and retreated out of sio-ht. The Seventeenth breathed easier. But the attack of O Kershaw, forcing Barnes away, in turn compelled the 5th Mich, and 110th Penn, to move rearward. Kershaw thus gained lodo-ment in the woods west of the Wheatfield, considerably in rear of the position of the Seventeenth. Winslow’s battery, posted at the north side of the field, withdrew from its posi- tion. The Seventeenth was thus left alone, far in advance of its brother regiments and well outflanked upon its right by Kershaw. It was ordered back across the field in line of battle to the cross road before spoken of. Another attack followed before a new general line could be arranged. SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT ENGAGED. 197 The enemy seeing the retrograde movement across the Wheatfield, at once moved up to the abandoned stone-wall and over it, and also to the edge of the woods west of the Wheat- field. General Birney rode up, saw the desperate situation, and also saw the Seventeenth Maine near him, which had just squatted down in the cross road and had sent for ammunition. It had expended already over forty of the sixty rounds with which it was provided (a) . Birney called upon the Seventeenth for a charge. He placed himself at the head of the regiment, and with a cheer and a rush it moved down into the Wheat- field. The enemy disappeared over the stone-wall and into the (a) Sergeant Pratt of company C (afterwards a captain), and some others, carried 80 rounds into the fight. Captain Pratt has positive knowl- edge that he fired 60 rounds from the stone-wall position, although there were lulls in the battle, a change of position by the company, and a slight wound- ing, to interrupt him in his work. This proves the time that the regiment remained at the wall to have been nearly two hours. The Sergeant did not quit the field until he received his third wound, after the charge under Birney. 198 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. woods. Placing the Seventeenth about midway of the Wheat- field he ordered it to remain there and keep back the enemy, (a) The Seventeenth took upon itself without flinching this task of a forlorn hope. It was past 6 o’clock. General Sickles had just been wounded. Birney was notified and took command of the corps. Leaving the Seventeenth, he went to another part of the field, but he was not unmindful of the situation he left ; (b) the gallant 5th Mich, was brought up and extended the line of the Seventeenth to the right ; the two small brigades of Barnes, who had retired from the front woods, were now resting in the woods one hundred yards in rear of the Wheat- field, but not engaged (c) ; General Birney had sent to Hancock for Second corps troops. Meanwhile the raking musketry fire of the enemy at short range, both from the stone-wall in front and the wood nearer and to the right, was making sad inroads upon the attenuated ranks of the Seventeenth and its brother regiment, as there was no protection of any sort ; occasionally the enemy would form a line and emerge from the woods as for a charge, but the firmness and confidence displayed by the Seventeenth and the 5th Mich., ready to meet him with the bayonet, apparently disheartened him. The cartridges were giving out ; every box of a dead or wounded comrade was appropriated to eke out the supply. Twenty minutes, — a half-hour, — passed, and still no signs of help ; the last cartridge was gone and the men were grimly told by the commanding officer that the Seventeenth would stay there and hold the ground with the bayonet until the last man had fallen ! (d) This small band of Third corps men suc- cessfully held the line at this critical time without assistance (a) Of this Gettysburg charge General Birney said in his official report, concern- ing the Seventeenth : “ This regiment behaved most gallantly, and evinced a high state of discipline. Their enthusiasm was cheering, and the assistance rendered by their charge most important.” As accounts of various military writers have injected several regiments into this charge led by General Birney, it is desired to emphasize the fact, that no other regi- ment took part in it, and no troops were brought up to aid the Seventeenth except as here narrated.— g. w. v. (b) See de Trobriand’s report,— Rebellion Records, serial no. 43, page 520. (c) See Birney ’s report,— Rebellion Records, serial no. 43, page 483; also Sweit- zer’s report,— Ibid., page Gil. (d) See Lieut. -Col. Merrill’s official report, —Rebellion Records, serial no. 43, p. 522. SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT ENGAGED. 199 from other infantry. The batteries in and to the east of the Peach Orchard nobly performed their work and helped to keep Kershaw’s men under cover by their rapid and well-aimed fire. At last, at just about 6 : 40 o’clock, deliverance came. Caldwell’s division of the Second corps readily assumed the battle on that portion of the line. Cross’ brigade went in where Ward’s right had rested; after this, Kelly’s brigade advanced, in line of battle, through and beyond the small rem- nant of the Seventeenth Maine and 5th Mich., into the edge of the wood, with a rush upon Kershaw’s troops, with whom the Maine and Michigan veterans had been contending. The Seventeenth, thus relieved, collected and took along its wounded who were disabled on the field, and then, in good order, finally left the Wheatfield, handing it over, still intact, into the keeping of other Union troops. [It may not be amiss to state briefly the events of that evening, on this part of the field, after the Seventeenth was relieved. Cross’ brigade advanced upon the enemy posted behind the west end of the Wheatfield stone-fence, and the wall running westerly from Devil’s Den. A hot contest ensued for thirty or forty minutes, the enemy holding his ground, when the regulars of Ayres’ division, Fifth corps, came in up to the east side of the Wheatfield and relieved Cross’ brigade. Kelly’s brigade, with that of Zook upon its right, fought fiercely with Kershaw in the woods where we left him, finally driving the latter out. About this time Brooke, with his brigade of Cald- well’s division, charged across the Wheatfield, almost unre- sisted by the used-up and disconnected troops of Anderson, Kershaw and Semines. By these three brigades of Caldwell the line was advanced to the farthest point held by the Third corps and extended farther south. This was about 7 p. M., when, Barksdale having pushed back our regiments and bat- teries just north of the Peach Orchard, Longstreet brought up Wofford’s fresh brigade, which advanced throuo-h the Orchard and easterly on the cross road. There was nothing to resist him ; Tilton’s brigade of Barnes’ division had been resting in Trostle’s grove, in an excellent position to defend from Wof- ford, but had retired. Kershaw joined to Wofford, and taking 200 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. our lines about the Wheatfield in the right flank and rear, easily whirled out the three brigades of the Second corps, Sweitzer’s brigade of the Fifth corps which was then in the Wheatfield, also the regulars of Ayres , causing heavy loss, and advanced the Confederate line to the Plum Run valley, west of Little Round Top. Here it was met by a charge of about three brigades of the Sixth and Fifth corps. These with the timely aid rendered at this point by McGilvery’s batteries, in driving back Barksdale’s troops, not far distant, north of the cross road, turned the tide of battle. This was about 7 : 30 p. M. The Confederates retired to the southerly and westerly sides of the Wheatfield, about where they were when the Sev- enteenth was relieved, nearly an hour before.] On July 3d, when Longstreet’s assault was made upon the centre of Hancock’s line, the Seventeenth was brought into the general line to receive it, at a point where Wilcox’s column would have struck, had it got so far, but our batteries pounded this column to pieces before it reached our infantry line ; lying there, supporting the batteries, the regiment was exposed to a severe artillery fire, losing in it two killed and ten wounded, — small loss compared to that of the day before. A MARKER located upon the ground held by the regiment July 3d, during the charge, stands upon the west side of Hancock Avenue, near the monument of the 9th Mich, battery and to its right. This marker, cut from Maine granite, assumes the size and appearance of a small monument. The upper portion of the die shows rather more than the half of a square block, with one of its angles making the apex. Upon the face, matching the angles of the top, a red granite diamond, or lozenge, is inlaid, beneath which is the following inscription: Position of the 17th Maine Infty. July 3, 1863. Losing Here Killed 2, Wounded, 10. This Regt. Fought July 2, in the Wheatfield, As Shown by Momument There, Losing 120. SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT PARTICIPANTS. 201 PARTICIPANTS. FIELD, STAFF AND NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Lieutenant-Colonel, Charles B. Merrill, Portland, commanding regiment. Major, George W. West, Somerville, Mass. Adjutant, First Lieutenant Charles W. Roberts, Portland. Quartermaster, First Lieutenant Josiah Remick, Portland. Surgeon, Nahum A. Hersom, Sanford. Assistant Surgeon, William Wescott, Standish. Chaplain, Jeremiah Hayden, Raymond. Sergeant-Major, Henry L. Bartels, Portland, acting 2d Lieut., see company F. [Acting Sergeant-Major, Frederick W. Bosworth, Portland, Private co. A.] Quartermaster-Sergeant, John Yeaton, Jr., Portland. Commissary-Sergeant, John F. Putnam, Lewiston. Hospital Steward, Nathaniel B. Coleman, Portland. Company A. Captain, Charles P. Mattocks, Portland. istSergt., act’g 2d Lieut. Grenville F. Sparrow, Portland (com., notmust’d). SERGEANTS. Alvin F. Blake, Portland, act’g 1st Serg. Fayette M. Paine, New Vineyard, Benjamin Doe, So. Berwick, Edward H. Crie, Portland. CORPORALS. Jesse A. Stone, Portland, Robert M. Low, Pownal, Joseph F. Lake, Portland, color-bearer, George T. Jones, Richmond. PRIVATES. Andrews, Albert H., Jr., Portland, Armstrong, Jacob L., Portland, Barker, Alonzo J., New Vineyard, Brown, Daniel W., Baldwin, Bums, Michael, Portland, Delihanty, Thomas, Portland, Goodenow, Charles, Gray, Hodsdon, Joseph A., Falmouth, James, John W., Portland, Marston, Edward H., Falmouth, Marston, Joseph S., Falmouth, Miller, Alonzo, Portland, Pettengill, Albion C., Portland, Pray, Ivory, So. Berwick, Sawyer Henry H., New Gloucester, Skillings, Franklin, Portland, Tuttle, John F., Freeman, Wilkinson, Frederick N., So. Berwuck. Bodkin, Peter P., Portland, Brown, Jacob C., Portland, Chick, William H., So. Berwick, Dresser, Albion K. P., Pownal, Herrick, Ira J., New Vineyard, Ingraham, Octavius C., Portland, Joy, Granville W., So. Berwick, Marston, Horace G., Falmouth, McDonald, Peter, Compton, Can., Milliken, Charles, Portland, Pratt, Jeremiah L., New Vineyard, Sawyer, Alonzo W., Westbrook, Spaulding, David M., New Vineyard, Totman, John F., Portland, Waterhouse, Robert, Portland, On Special Duty or Detached Service: 2d Lieut. Edwin B. Hough- ton, Portland, act’g A. D. C. brig, staff, commiss’d 1st Lieut., not mustered. Corporal Anson F. Ward, Portland, div. provo. guard. Privates: Frederick W. Bosworth, Portland, act’g Sergt. -Major, see Field and Staff; Robert Ham- ilton, Portland, corps provo. guard; Samuel D. Roberts, Portland, 4th N. Y. batt’y; Henry C. Allen, New Gloucester, corps amm’n train; Edward Fabyan, 202 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Portland, teamster; Cornelius Boyle, Portland, regt’l pioneer; John B. Miles, New Vineyard, cattle guard; Obed W. Paine, New Vineyard, blacksmith; Jonas Reynolds, So. Berwick, cook; Mark H. Sawyer, Portland, and George H. M. Taylor, Portland, div. supply train; James S. Spaulding, Anson, Oliver Waite, Anson, and Oliver Walker, So. Berwick, brig. amb. train. Musicians: Henry B. Berry, Portland, and Augustus Vaughn, New Vineyard, hosp. dept. Wagoner Charles R. Hale, Portland, div. supply train. Company B. First Lieutenant, Benjamin C. Pennell, Portland, commanding company. Second Lieutenant, William H. Green, Portland. SERGEANTS. Horace A. Smith, Portland, acting First Sergeant, Edwin J. Hawkes, Portland, Daniel Gookin, Portland, Cyrus M. Hall, Portland. CORPORALS. David C. Saunders, Sweden, color gd., George W. Jones, Portland, Edward A. Roberts, Portland, Charles H. Merrill, Portland, George W. H. Roach, Portland, Aaron Hubbard, So. Berwick. PRIVATES. Brackett, Byron, Sweden, Charles, Frank C., Fryeburg, Doughty, John, Jr., Portland, Elliot, William S., Portland, Fabyan, Charles H., Portland, Foster, R. G. W., Albany, Holt, James G., Fryeburg, Libby, Seth B., Portland, McKenzie, Matthew, Portland, Morton, William B., Fryeburg, Noyes, Alvin A., Portland, Smith, Daniel, Jr., Fryeburg, Wiley, Gardner B., Stowe, Carruthers, Charles E., Portland, Davis, Samuel C., Portland, Duran, George E. H., Portland, Emery, Moses D., Stowe, Flannagan, James, Portland, Grover, Alpheus, Portland, Lehane, John, Portland, McKeen, James, Stowe, Morton, Sidney G., Fryeburg, Norton, George L., Portland, Quint, Monroe, Stowe, Walker, Alden B., Fryeburg, Wiley Joseph, Fryeburg, Winn, Andrew, Portland. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Corporal John Witham, Portland, provo. guard. Privates: Augustus A. Kimball, Portland, 6th R. I. batt’y; Edwin G. Thorne, Portland, Smith’s 4th N. Y. batt’y; Samuel Buxton, Portland, amm’n train; Samuel C. Holden, Fryeburg, surgeon’s detail; Orlando Hooper, Portland, George F. Moulton, Portland, and Joseph Wescott, Windham, brig. amb. corps; Edward Kelly, Portland, cook. Musi- cians: James F. Bartlett, Portland, and William H. Colby, Portland, assisting wounded. Wagoner Samuel E. Silsby, Portland, tools wagon. Company C. First Lieutenant, Edward Moore, Portland, commanding company. Second Lieutenant, George W. Verrill, Norway. sergeants. First Sergeant, Jordan M. Hall, Casco, Asa L. Downs, Minot, William F. Morrill, Durham, Gustavus C. Pratt, Oxford. CORPORALS. Cyrus T. Pratt, Poland, Josiah G. M. Spiller, Casco, SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT PARTICIPANTS. 203 Jas. F. Strout, Raymond, color guard, George B. Dunn, Poland. Allen, Joseph A., Raymond, Black, Lawson S., Bethel, Campbell, Alexander, Minot, Dean, Abraham, Jr., Oxford, Durgin, George A., Minot, Graffam, Henry, Casco, Hawley, John, Farmington, Mills, Fessenden M., Norway, Perkins, George F., Minot, in part, Ricker, Wentworth P., Poland, Strout, Charles W., Minot, Welch, Stephen S., Casco, James L. Fuller, Minot, PRIVATES. Berry, James, Naples, Brown, Horace J., Poland, in part, Churchill, Allen M., Poland, Duran, Josiah, Poland, Faunce, William, Oxford, Haskell, Samuel F., Poland, Maybury, Enoch, Naples, Pattee, Andrew J., Poland, Pratt, Addison B., Minot, Strout, Albert, Raymond, Verrill, Richard, Raymond, Witham, Henry, Casco. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Privates: Preble Soper, Hebron, in provo. guard; George G. Bridgham, Poland, hostler brig, h’dqrs; Orrin Downs, Oxford, teamster supply train; Chester J. Dunn, New Glouces- ter, assist, to wounded; John B. Evans, Raymond, cook; D. S. N. Thurlow, Raymond, regt’l pioneer. Musician Stephen W. Gammon, Poland, in charge of stretcher bearers. Wagoner James E. Fulton, Raymond, supply train. Company D. Captain, John C. Perry, Portland. First Lieutenant, Newton Whitten, Portland. Second Lieutenant, Stephen Graffam, Portland. SERGEANTS. First Sergeant, Franklin I. Whittemore, Portland, Daniel J. Chandler, Lewiston, Newton W. Parker, Lewiston. CORPORALS. Bernard Hogan, Lewiston, color guard, George A. Parker, Lewiston, Melvin Davis, Lewiston, George F. Hanna, Portland. PRIVATES. Austin, Joseph, Lewiston, Baker, Edwin G., Lewiston, Bickford, Nathaniel G., Lewiston, Chadderton, Joseph, Lewiston, Currier, George O., Lewiston, Fall, Melvin, Lebanon, Fowler, Levi, Lewiston, Goodwin, Henry G., So. Berwick, Hays, Charles H., Portland, Hulme, James, Lewiston, Mills, Joseph N., Portland, Penley, Henry H., Lewiston, Rounds, Isaac, Lewiston, Sweeney, Michael, Lewiston, Winter, Amos G., Lewiston. Cobb, Daniel, Windham, Dwelley, Samuel L., Lewiston, Faunce, Gilman, Lewiston, Gammon, Samuel H., Portland, Groves, Laphorest, Lewiston, Holt, John, Lewiston, Lane, William N., Lewiston, Parker, George I., Lewiston, Rogers, Ezra P., Lewiston, Skillin, Hiram B., Portland, Toole, Thomas, Lewiston, On Special Duty or Detached Service: Privates: Charles H. Pink- ham, Lebanon, Livingston’s N. Y. battery; Charles W. Peasley, Lewiston, div. provo. guard; William Bodge, Lewiston, orderly div. h’dqrs; Warren S. Butler, Lewiston, regt’l hosp. nurse; Thomas M. Dennett, Portland, 204 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. hostler; Edmund D. Field, Portland, in amb. corps, stretcher bearer; John Hogan, Lewiston, regt’l pioneer, stretcher bearer; Thomas C. Haley, Lew- iston, and John E. Newman, Portland, div. supply train; Elijah P. Harmon, Lewiston, hostler div. h’dqrs; Frank A. McDonald, Lewiston, and Bradford Stevens, Lewiston, div. amb. train; Charles McCarty, Portland, guard at hospital; Isaiah G. Mason, Lewiston, brig, blacksmith. Wagoner Frank C. Houghton, Lewiston. Company E. Captain, Ellis M. Sawyer, Cape Elizabeth. Second Lieutenant, Frederick A. Sawyer, Portland. SERGEANTS. First Sergeant, Herman Q. Mason, Portland. Charles F. Vanhorn, Portland, Oliver E. Jordan, Cape Elizabeth. CORPORALS. George F. Small, Cape Elizabeth, William M. Loring, Yarmouth, Herbert Soule, Yarmouth, Albert O. Baker, Yarmouth, color gd. PRIVATES. Adderton, Josiah M., No. Yarmouth, Allen, Albion S., Freeport, (part July 2). Anthoine, Edwin D., Cape Elizabeth, Baker, Charles W., Yarmouth, Barstow, Jeremiah R., Cumberland, Blackstone, Jordan, Pownal, Blake, Elijah, No. Yarmouth, Brown, John N., Cape Elizabeth, Bruce, Rufus S., Yarmouth, Colley, Charles L., No. Yarmouth, Doughty, George W., Cape Elizabeth, Goff, Lucius S., Gray, Hall, James H., Yarmouth, Hayes, David P., No. Yarmouth, Holyoke, Charles G., Yarmouth, Johnson, Albert A., Freeport, King, William H., Woolwich, Eng., Loring, Joseph H., Yarmouth, Milliken, Samuel, Cape Elizabeth, Pargade, Cheri, No. Yarmouth, Rideout, Joseph M., Cumberland, Seabury, Ammi D., Yarmouth, Sparks, James E., Yarmouth, True, Hollis, Pownal, Harmon, Arthur A., Cape Elizabeth, Hayes, Francis E., No. Yarmouth, Huff, Samuel, Jr., Portland, Jordan, Simon, Cape Elizabeth, Lombard, John T., Cape Elizabeth, Marston, E. Greeley, Yarmouth, Mitchell, Tristram P., Yarmouth, Plowman, Oliver, Scarborough, Ross, George E., Gray, Soule, George O. D., Yarmouth, Thompson, Charles H., Gray, Whitney, William J., No. Yarmouth. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Privates: Standish P. Reed, Yarmouth, R. I. battery; Aaron Hodgdon, Pownal, cook; Francis H. Hale, Paris, and Moses McKenny, Cape Elizabeth, div. provo. guard; Will- iam H. Gore, Gray, and Lewis A. Simpson, Gray, amb. corps; David V. Lovell, Pownal, and William F. Roberts, Cape Elizabeth, teamsters. Wag- oner Lewis W. Lombard, Portland, with trains. Company F. First Lieutenant, Joseph A. Perry, Portland, commanding. [Act’g Second Lieut., Serg.-Major Henry L. Bartels, corn’d, not mustered.] First Sergeant, Hannibal S. Warren, Norway. Sergeant, Charles P. Jackson, Woodstock. corporals. Zephaniah E. Sawtelle, Paris, Asa G. Charles, Norway, George R. Fickett, Portland, William D. Merrill, Norway, color gd., Albert C. Gammon, Norway, Austin Hanson, Hiram, Otis H. Dyer, Paris. SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT PARTICIPANTS. 205 Allen, George H., Shapleigh, Burgess, Joseph P., Brownfield, Day, Henry, Jr., Brownfield, Famham, Luther B., Woodstock, Gannon, William, Greenwood, Kenniston, George G., Brownfield, Libby, Richard L., Windham, Morse, Moses H., Paris, Newcomb, Charles A., Sebago, Parker, Isaac, Hiram, Stone, Henry F., Lebanon, Thome, Edgecomb N., Brownfield, Washburn, Almon T., Paris, Whitman, George W., Woodstock, PRIVATES. Ames, Willard O., Greenwood, Curtis, Oliver G., Paris, Estes, Joshua P., Bethel, Farr, Solomon, Greenwood, Holt, Calvin, Norway, Knapp, James H. S., Paris, Morse, Edward F., Norway, Morton, Melville, Westbrook, Newhall, Eugene P., Paris, Pratt, Levi A., Paris, Thorne, Barnett, Woodstock, Twitched, Charles H., Paris, Washburn, Linas G., Paris, July 2, Woodman, John M., Hiram. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Sergeant Frank L. Berry, Paris, amb. corps; Privates: Hosea R. Allen, Hiram, and William Spencer, Baldwin, hospital nurses; William H. Day, Brownfield, in 4th N. Y. battery; Ephraim H. Brown, Norway, corps provo. guard; Lemuel B. Carter, Paris, and William H. Gray, Brownfield, amb. corps; William H. Downs, Paris, teamster supply train; Isaac E. Osgood, Hiram, guard to convalescents; William H. Thome, Bridgton, amb. train; Cyms S. Tucker, Norway, brig, saddler; Wentworth H. Shaw, Bridgton, provo. guard; Seth Wadsworth, Hiram, surgeon’s detail. Musician John C. McArdle, Paris, assistant for wounded. Wagoner Nathaniel LeBarron, Greenwood, quartermaster’s dept. Company G. Second Lieutenant, Hiram R. Dyar, Farmington, commanding company. SERGEANTS. First Sergeant, John N. Morrill, Strong, Walter F. Noyes, Jay, James Snowman, Weld, Stephen H. Roberts, Berwick, Lloyd W. Lamos, Berwick. corporals. Johiel B. Blethen, Madrid, Albert L. Bradbury, Avon, Jeremy P. Wyman, Strong, Benjamin F. Huff, Buxton, color guard. PRIVATES. Arnold, Edgar W., Farmington, Bean, Nelson O., Industry (July 3d), Butterfield, Augustus F., Farmington, Colomy, Elbridge, Berwick, Dunnell, Alvah L., Buxton, Frederic, George A., Temple, Ham, Charles H., Berwick, Houston, Elbridge L., Weld, Kannady, George H., Phillips, Kimball, John H., Jay, Manson, John S., Buxton, Pinkham, Francis, Berwick, Rollins, Albert G., New Sharon, Stearns, Albert M., Weld, Vaughan, Sylvester, New Vineyard, Wentworth, Henry R., Berwick, Wilder, Silas, Temple. Eastman, George A., Berwick, Hackett, SumnerS., Strong, Hanscomb, Eben B., Buxton, Hurd, Francis E., Berwick, Kannady, Warren, Avon, Lawrence, James B., Weld, Norton, Oliver D., Industry, Roberts, James A., Berwick, Sawyer, Isaac D., Buxton, Thompson, John, Madrid, Wallingford, George, Berwick, Whitehouse, Charles T., Berwick, MAINE AT GETTY SBTJRG . On Special Duty or Detached Service: Corporal John W. Cope- land, Worcester, Mass., provo. guard. Privates: Francis 0 . Bean, Industry, teamster div. train; Luther Childs, Salem, R. I. batt’y; George L. Hosmer, Farmington, regt’l detail; Asa Jennings, Farmington, hosp. nurse; Joseph L. McLaughlin, Weld, 4th N. Y. batt’y; John Plaisted, Temple, stretcher bearer; James E. S. Pray, Berwick, field hosp. ass’t; Charles M. Rand, Weld, cook; Ebenezer Roberts, Berwick, div. provo. guard; John Vaughan, Ber- wick, hosp. attend’ t. Wagoner Leonard T. Vosmos, New Sharon, with trains. Company H. Captain, Almon L. Fogg, Westbrook. Act’g 2d Lieut., istSergt. George A. Whidden, Westbrook; corn’d not must’ d. sergeants. Stephen P. Flart, Westbrook, acting First Sergeant, William H. Sturgis, Standish, Charles J. Bond, Windham, James H. Loring, Westbrook, color bearer. corporals. Sumner Winslow, Westbrook, James M. Webb, Westbrook, George Barrows, Harrison, Robert B. Whitcomb, Standish, Charles R. Meserve, Hallowed. Adams, Frank, Westbrook, Bond, Benjamin F., Gorham, Chute, Charles A., Westbrook, Cobb, Uriah, Windham, Davis, Albert S., Standish, Dow, Benjamin A., Standish, Hatch, Royal S., Westbrook, Jones, Edward H., Westbrook, Martin, Ira L., Sebago, Rand, Royal, Windham, Scribner, Bourdon, Harrison, Spurr, Llewellyn, Otisfield, Thomas, Manuel, Windham, PRIVATES. Barber, William, Westbrook, Brackett, Horace N., Harrison, Cobb, Solomon, Westbrook, Crosby, Leonard E., Westbrook, Davis, John S., Hollis, Dyer, Roscoe G., Sebago, Hicks, Ephraim, Gorham, Libby, Darius S., Falmouth, Plaisted, Trafton S., Westbrook, Sanborn, Charles W., Otisfield, Small, Oliver F., Limington, Thomas, Charles W., Westbrook, Winslow, Nathaniel P., Westbrook. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Corporal Albion P. Stiles, Gorham, corps postmaster. Privates: Andrew Saunders, Sebago, 3d R. I. batt’y (wounded July 2d); John G. Scott, Westbrook, Smith’s 4th N. Y. batt’y; Franklin E. Morse, Otisfield, battalion of convalescents; Cyrus Chap- lin, Naples, and Luther E. Hall, Harrison, stretcher bearers; William S. Hanscomb, Windham, div. hosp. nurse; Andrew J. Larrabee, Westbrook, and Mesach P. Larry, Windham, surgeon’s detail; Charles A. Warren, Stan- dish, amb. corps; Leonard Pride, Westbrook, cook; James G. Sturgis, Stan- dish, hosp. ass’t; Daniel W. Haskell, Harrison, and Van R. Morton, West- brook, div. provo. guard; Horace B. Cummings, Portland, and Thomas D. Emery, Standish, quarterm’r dept.; Jabez Marriner, Westbrook, commiss’y dept.; Alonzo Moses, Standish, hostler; Thomas Sands, Standish, brig, h’dqrs; Alphonzo A. Spear, Standish, teamster; Henry C. Hatch, Sebago. Company I. Captain, William Hobson, Saco. First Lieutenant, James O. Thompson, Portland. SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT PARTICIPANTS. 207 SERGEANTS. ist Sergeant, Frank C. Adams, Saco, Charles C. Cole, Hiram, Oliver D. Blake, Biddeford, Charles J. Goodwin, Saco. CORPORALS. Samuel E. Jenness, Biddeford, Charles H. Parcher, Biddeford, Aurelius A. Robertson, Bethel, Owen Stacy, Saco, Frederick A. Mitchell, Saco, color guard. PRIVATES. Bradbury, Thomas C., Biddeford, Brown, James B., Gorham, Haley, John, Saco, Hill, Joseph, Saco, Irish, Melville, Gorham, Jose, James W., Saco, Libby, Henry H., Scarborough, Roberts, John H., Gorham, Sawyer, Charles F., Baldwin, Small, Edwin, Limington, Tasker, George F., Saco, Wentworth, David A., Brownfield, Benson, Robert, Saco, Brand, Thomas, Saco, Goodwin, Charles E., Saco, Harmon, Andrew J., Saco, Holmes, Hiram G., Biddeford, Jordan, Charles A., Saco, Kimball, George, Saco, Richardson, George A., Limington, Rounds, Walter, Scarborough, Simpson, John H., Scarborough, Sweetsir, James F., Biddeford, Waterhouse, Winfield S., Scarboro’, White, Charles M., Standish. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Musician William H. Atkin- son, Limington, clerk brig, h’dqrs. Privates: Allen H. Abbott, Saco, brig, h’dqrs; James C. Blaisdell, Lebanon, amb. corps; Thomas Clark, Saco, hostler; Alvin Hodge, Biddeford, 4th N. Y. batt’y; John A. Kilham, Saco, amm’n train guard; Michael McGrath, Biddeford, teamster; William H. H. Pillsbury, Shapleigh, regt’l surgeon’s clerk; Thomas F. Perkins, Biddeford, at corps h’dqrs; Benjamin P. Ross, Biddeford, brig, quarterm’ r dept. ; Eli- phaz Ripley, Buckfield, blacksmith div. h’dqrs. Company K. Captain, Milton M. Young, Lewiston. First Lieutenant, Putnam S. Booth by, Biddeford. First Sergeant, Isaac O. Parker, Kittery. Sergeant, Harry Crosby, Kittery. corporals. Andrew J. Miller, Auburn, William H. Neal, Kittery, Robert H. Mathes, Durham, N. H., Edwin A. Duncan, Kittery, color guard, James A. Bennett, Auburn, George J. Strout, Auburn. privates. Achorn, Casper, Kittery, Beals, Charles A., Auburn, Burnham, John C., Kittery, Churchill, Robert J., Kittery, Goodwin, Valentia H., Kittery, Hall, Silas P., Oxford, Hussey, Daniel H., Kittery, Lord, Oren, Waterford, Lyon, George W., Auburn, Remick, John H., Kittery', Young, Augustine, Auburn. Austin, Robert W., Gardiner, Bunker, Daniel B., Kittery, Butland, F. Augustus, Kittery, Cotton, John H., Auburn, Grace, Andrew J., Jr., Kittery, Hatch, Samuel O., Auburn, Keith, Augustus H., Auburn, Lunt, Horace, Kittery, Phillips, Hiram B., Kittery, Wardwell, Cyrus T., Oxford, 208 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Privates: John M. Crocker, Auburn, div. provo. guard; George H. Holt, Albany, at corps h’dqrs; John Holden, Kittery, corps provo. guard; Elisha Hall, Auburn, amm’n train guard; John F. Hewey, Auburn, and Nathan B. Lord, Abbott, teamsters; Addison A. Miller, Auburn, cook. Musician Wesley D. Rowell, Kittery, ass’t to wounded. REVISED REPORT OF CASUALTIES. FIELD AND STAFF. Adjutant Charles W. Roberts, right leg, amputated. Company A. Acting First Sergeant Alvin F. Blake, wounded, died Aug. 2. Sergeant Fayette M. Paine, wounded, both legs. Corporal George T. Jones, wounded, leg. PRIVATES. Brown, Jacob C., killed. Hodsdon, Joseph A., killed. Marston, Horace G., wounded, foot. Milliken, Charles, wounded, arm. Skillings, Franklin, wounded, thigh. Spaulding, David M., wounded, leg. Tucker, George W., missing, fell out before battle. Company B. Second Lieut. William H. Green, July 3, shell concussion; resumed duties. SERGEANTS. Horace A. Smith, wounded, leg. Cyrus M. Hall, July 3, killed. Corporal George W. Jones, wounded, leg; died July 23. PRIVATES. Brackett, Byron, wounded, head. Carruthers, Charles E.,w’d; died July 9. Davis, Samuel C., w’d; died July 4. Duran, George E. H., July 3, w’d. Elliot, William S., wounded, shoulder. Emery, Moses D.,w’d, hip; died July 9. Flannagan, James, wounded. Lehane, John, wounded, leg. McKeen, James, July 3, w’d, head. McKenzie, Matthew, wounded, arm. Norton, George L., July 3, w’dsh’lder. Quint, Monroe, killed July 3. Wiley, Joseph, wounded, leg. Morton, Sidney G., wounded, foot. Noyes, Alvin A., wounded, groin. Walker, Alden B., wounded, groin. Company C. Second Lieutenant George W. Verrill, wounded, thigh. SERGEANTS. William F. Morrill, wounded, leg. Gustavus C. Pratt, three wounds, arm. CORPORALS. James F. Strout, color guard, w’d, thigh. George B. Dunn, wounded, shoulder. PRIVATES. Black, Lawson S., wounded. Dean, Abraham, Jr., wounded, thigh. Faunce, William, wounded, side. Mills, Fessenden M., w’d; died July 3. Pattee, Andrew J., w’d; died July 9. Pratt, Addison B., wounded, thigh. Strout, Charles W., July 3, w’d, neck. Witham, Henry, killed. Company D. First Lieutenant Newton Whitten, July 3, wounded, foot. Second Lieutenant Stephen Graffam, wounded, arm. SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT CASUALTIES. 209 CORPORALS. Bernard Hogan, color guard, w’d; died July 18. Hanna, George F., w’d, leg. PRIVATES. Bickford, Nathaniel G., wounded, leg. Cobb, Daniel, wounded, head. Dwelly, Samuel L., w’d; died July 8. Fowler, Levi, killed. Hulme, James, wounded, leg. Hays, Charles H., wounded. Company E. Sergeant Oliver E. Jordan, wounded, leg. CORPORALS. George F. Small, wounded, thigh. Albert O. Baker, color guard, w’d, hand. PRIVATES. Baker, Charles W., wounded. Brown, John N., July 3, wounded, leg. Goff, Lucius F., wounded, hand. Llarmon, Arthur A., killed. Hayes, Francis E., wounded, breast. Johnson, Albert A., wounded, arm. Sparks, James E., wounded. Whitney, William J., wounded, side. Company F. Sergeant Charles P. Jackson, killed; first man hit; reported w’d and missing. CORPORALS. Zephaniah E.Sawtelle, wounded, hand. William D. Merrill, color g’d, w’d, hand. Austin Hanson, killed. PRIVATES. Ames, Willard O., w’d; died July 24. Day, Henry, Jr., wounded, leg. Day, William H., w’d; died Aug. 31. Farr, Solomon, wounded, head. Holt, Calvin, w’d; died Jan. 6, 1864. Kenniston, George G., w’d, bowels. Libby, Richard L., wounded, arm. Morse, Moses H., wounded, hand. Twitched, Charles H., w’d, arm and leg. Washburn, Almon T., wounded, side. Company G. Second Lieutenant Hiram R. Dyar, killed. Sergeant James Snowman, July 3, wounded, hip. Corporal Benjamin F. Huff, color guard, wounded. privates. Arnold, Edgar W., wounded, arm. Childs, Luther, det’d R. I. batt’y, w’d. Colomy Elbridge, wounded. Eastman, George A., wounded. Hackett, SumnerS., wounded, arm. Hanscomb, Eben B., wounded, hand. Houston, Elbridge L., wounded. Hurd, Francis E., killed. Lawrence, James B., w’d and prisoner. Rollins, Albert G., killed. Sawyer, Isaac D., killed. Thompson, John, wounded. Company H. Captain Almon L. Fogg, wounded, abdomen; died July 4. SERGEANTS. Stephen P. Hart, acting First Sergeant, wounded, leg. Charles J. Bond, wounded, leg. James H. Loring, color bearer, killed. CORPORALS. George Barrows, killed. Robert B. Whitcomb, wounded, leg. Sumner Winslow, killed. PRIVATES. Cobb, Solomon, wounded, arm. Dyer, Roscoe G., killed. Hicks, Ephraim, killed. Jones, Edward H., wounded, breast. Martin, Ira L., wounded; died Aug. 9. Rand, Royal, w’d July 2; died July 3. Sanborn, Charles W., wounded, foot. Saunders, Andrew, det’d R. I. batt’y, Spurr, Llewellyn, wounded, leg. wounded. 210 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Company I. First Sergeant, Franklin C. Adams, wounded, hand. CORPORALS. Aurelius A. Robertson, w’d; died July 5. Owen Stacy, wounded. Frederick A. Mitchell, on color guard, wounded, leg amputated; died July 10 PRIVATES. Brand, Thomas, wounded, leg. Jordan, Charles A., wounded, leg. Kimball, George, wounded, leg. Small, Edwin, wounded, shoulder. Wentworth, David A., wounded, leg. White, Charles M., wounded, arm. Company K. Captain Milton M. Young, wounded July 2; died Aug. 13. SERGEANTS. First Sergeant Isaac O. Parker, wounded; died July 7. F. Augustus Butland, w’d; died Sept. 6. Harry Crosby, wounded, left leg. CORPORALS. William H. Neal, killed. James A. Bennett, wounded, hand. PRIVATES. Austin, Robert W., wounded. Beals, Charles A., July 3, wounded. Bunker, Daniel B., killed; Grace, Andrew J., Jr., July 3, w’d, hip. reported wounded and missing. Rail, Silas p > wounde d, hand. Hatch, Samuel O., w’d; died July 5. Hussey, Daniel H., wounded, leg. Lord, Oren, wounded, chest. REGIMENTAL DEDICATION OF MONUMENT, October 10 , 1888 . Brevet Lieut. -Col. Edward Moore, President of the Seven- teenth Maine Regiment Association, called the large assembly to order at the monument in the Wheatfield and introduced Rev. Charles G. Holyoke, late Sergeant-Major of the regiment, who offered the following PRAYER. Almighty God, our Heavenly Father, we have reason to thank thee that thou hast spared our lives until this day. We thank thee that in thy good providence we are permitted to gather here to pay this tribute of respect to the memory of our departed comrades. O God, we thank thee for our land, the land bequeathed to us by our forefathers, the land of liberty and freedom. We thank thee that when war broke forth upon our land, with all its ruin, terror and woe, and there were those who would gladly have torn asunder our country, that there came forth from their homes and firesides friends and dear ones, those who were loyal and true, to defend our beloved land. And we are here to-day to dedicate this monument to the memory of those who on this sacred spot shed their blood and laid down their lives in defending our flag and nation. We would remember what they endured and suffered SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT MONUMENT DEDICATION. 211 for the cause of freedom. Grant that, as in time to come, to all who shall visit this ground and this region made sacred by the blood of patriots shed, they shall remember at what cost and sacrifice our Union, our Country, was preserved. God bless our land, and may peace evermore prevail throughout all our borders, for thy name’s sake. Amen. ADDRESS BY BREVET LIEUTENANT-COLONEL MOORE. Comrades : — A quarter of a century has passed by since you were upon this field, a field which you helped to make historic by your deeds of valor on July 2 and 3, 1863. You visit this field to-day for the purpose of dedicating this beautiful monument, erected by our state to commemorate the gallant deeds of her sons, and to perpetuate the memory of those of the Seventeenth Maine regiment who fell upon this decisive battlefield of the Avar. You will pardon me if, on this occasion, I refer briefly to the war record of the regiment, aside from the part it took in the battle of Gettvsburg. During its term of service the regi- rnent took part in twenty-seven battles, besides doing duty in petty engagements and on the picket line during one-fifth of the whole term of enlistment. In the statistical tables by W. F. Fox of losses in battles, we find a list of "300 fighting regi- ments,” comprising those whose aggregate deaths by battle amounted to 130 or more ; we also find his list of 45 infantry regiments that lost over 200, killed or died from wounds in battles ; we also find a list of 22 regiments out of all the regi- ments of the Union armies Avhose mortality by battle exceeded fifteen per cent of their enrolment. In regard to the last list he says : " The regiments in this list can fairly claim the honor of having encountered the hardest fighting in the war. They may not have done the most effective fighting, but they evi- dently stood where the danger was thickest, and were the ones which faced the hottest musketry. They were all well-knoAvn, reliable commands, and served with unblemished records. The maximum of loss is reached in this table.” We find the Seven- teenth Maine in all these lists. Your connection with the battle of Gettysburg dates back to June 11, 1863, when you left "Camp Sickles,” Ya. After tedious marches, covering over 200 miles, you arrived at the 212 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. college near Emmitsburg, the afternoon of July 1st. On the morning of July 2d, at 1 : 30 o’clock, the regiment received orders to assemble for a march. At 4:30 a. m. it started for Gettysburg, and at 10 o’clock arrived on the field of battle, ha vino; marched thirteen miles in five and a half hours. Lee was just extending his lines to his right, his skirmishers threat- ening the Emmitsburg road. A little after noon the regiment was placed at the left of the Peach Orchard to support the brig- ade skirmish line, where it remained until the battle began. A few minutes after the first shot was fired, at about 4 o’clock p. m., we entered this Wheatfield with 350 rifles, 20 officers and 3 acting as officers, commissioned but not mustered, and became actively engaged with the troops of Hood’s division of Longstreet’s corps. We moved at double-quick across this Wheatfield under fire, until we gained possession of this stone- wall in our front. Our right extended some distance beyond the rivulet, our colors resting on the spot where this monument stands, our left along the wall as far as a large bowlder. The contest for this wall became very severe along our whole front, the lines of battle being not over one hundred yards apart, and a number of times during the contest the enemy were upon one side while the Seventeenth was upon the other. Winslow’s battery, which was located in rear of our left flank, on the ridge up there, did splendid service, and assisted the regiment to drive the enemy back. Shortly after the regiment became engaged, a small command, said to be the rallied portions of two regiments, was brought up in rear of the right flank of the Seventeenth, with the evident intention of placing them in line, connecting on our right ; but while they were yet some seventy-five yards in our rear, the mounted officer leading them fell from his horse, wounded, and these troops disappeared from our sight without delay. Our right flank being unprotected, the enemy attempted to gain our rear, but his movements were discovered, and our right wing was refused to nearly a right angle with this wall. Those of the enemy who attempted to gain our rear were exposed to a mur- derous fire from our right wing, and they retired. After every repulse the enemy would re-form, bringing up fresh troops and SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT : MOORE S ADDRESS. 213 extending liis lines for fresh assaults, and so the fight continued o 7 O along this wall until about 6 o’clock, when we received orders to fall back across this field to the cross road on the ridge, and replenish our ammunition. Our boys left this position, which they had so long and successfully defended, with reluctance, but the enemy had gained ground on both our right and left, and Winslow’s battery had been withdrawn. The enemy fol- lowed up and attempted to gain our flanks. His movements were noticed, just as we reached the road, by our gallant divis- ion commander, Gen. David Bell Birney, who rode up, took the Seventeenth, and led it in a charge. With cheers the regi- ment, in line of battle, came down this Wheatfield and forced the enemy back over this wall. Although our ammunition was low, the fighting was continuous and of a most deadly character. The loss in officers and men was very severe in this part of the fight. After a contest prolonged until about dusk, our men being in the open field without shelter, but yielding no ground, the regiment was finally relieved by other troops, and was ordered to withdraw from the Wheatfield. The colors of the regiment, our two flags, had their stand in two places in this field, as the manoeuvres of the battle car- ried the regiment. First, here at the wall, where this monu- ment stands ; later on, after our upheld standards advanced, at the centre of the regimental line, in that glorious charge under Birney, they found their stationary place to be nearly in the centre of this field, about 100 yards east of the woods which yet bounds it on the west. The colors of the regiment, — the national and the state, — our glory and our pride ! em- blems of progress and of achievements ! And the Color-Guard ! let us recall our Color-Guard : National Color-Bearer, Cor- poral Lake of A ; State Color-Bearer, Sergeant Loring of H ; the others were Corporals Saunders of B, Strout of C, Hogan of D, Baker of E, Merrill of F, Huff of G, Mitchell of I and Duncan of K, — ten in all, counting the bearers. The first to be hit was Strout, almost as soon as we reached this wall, — wounded, and left for dead on the field ; here he lay, part of the time unconscious, as the lines and missiles of warfare passed back and forth over him ; at length, on July 4th, to be restored 214 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. to us, not mortally wounded. Then Baker’s turn came, and he lost a portion of his hand ; then Mitchell, mortally wounded. And so the guard grew less, the casualties being about equally divided between the two positions. At the second position, Sergeant Loi'ing was instantly killed. The color, crimsoned with the blood of his fallen companion, was seized by Lake, who for a minute held both standards in his gi'asp, and then handed Loring’s over to Corporal Merrill ; the latter was wounded, and he in turn passed the color over to Corporal Duncan, who got it safely into bivouac that night. Corporals Huff and Hogan were wounded, the latter mortally ; only three of the ten were unscathed. Lake and Duncan were promoted to Sergeants on the held. This is what it meant to belong: to the Color-Guard at Gettysburg. On the moniing of July 3d the regiment was moved to the right, and assembled with the division in reserve. It so remained until noon, when we were startled by two signal guns from the Confederate side, which were the prelude to the most terrific cannonading our army ever experienced. For nearly two hours 160 guns sent shot and shell into our ranks, prepar- atory to Longstreet’s assault upon the centre of the Union line. During this artillery duel we received orders to move to the right and reinforce the lines of General Doubleday. Proceed- ing at double-quick, we were soon at the front in position to aid in repelling the assault generally known as Pickett’s charge. The regiment was formed in line supporting the 9th Mich, bat- tery. Throughout the assault the regiment was exposed to a severe artillery fire, and suffered a loss in both officers and men. At 9 p. M. you were sent to the front to perform picket duty, where you remained for the night. On the morning of the 4th the regiment, relieved from picket, was set to work throwing up earthworks. On the morning of July 5th, the Confederate army was on the retreat, and the battle of Gettys- burg was at an end. The list of casualties in the regiment during the engage- ments of July 2d and 3d numbered 132 killed and wounded. I deem it appropriate to read this roll of honor. [The killed and mortally wounded appear in the whole nominal list of cas- ualties following the list of " participants,” on another page.] SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT : VERRILL’s POEM. 215 With justice to the memory of those heroes of the Seven- teenth Maine who here laid down their lives, defending this position as if it typified their country ; and speaking for its sur- vivors, sixty of whom, participants in this battle, being now present and ready to bear witness to the truth, I cannot close without stating that no circumstance, condition or act occurred on this Wheatfield July 2, 1863, that would warrant the plac- ing of that monument where it now stands, a few paces to the west of this of the Seventeenth Maine, as marking a place in line of battle ; for upon that very spot the ranks of the Seven- teenth stood July 2d, and fought from the opening of the con- test until nearly 6 o’clock that afternoon. We protest against the placing of that monument of the 115th Penn, on that spot, or within 200 feet of it. We also protest against the inscrip- tion upon that monument which, without justification, recites that July 2d "this regiment” [115th Penn.] "engaged the enemy here at 4.30 p. M.” POEM. THE SEVENTEENTH MAINE IN THE WHEATFIELD. BY CAPTAIN GEORGE W. VERRILL. The foe! the foe advances! Mark you now his course, Straight for the Union left, where half-formed lines are seen. He aims to hurl his columns with resistless force Upon and through the Orchard, blushing with its fruit, The Hillock, slumbering in the shadow of its trees, Across the Wheatfield, happy with its ripening grain, Over the crags and pits and sloughs of Devil's Den, Around and up the steeps of Round Top’s rugged sides; To smite, to pierce and crush, to tear and sweep away, The slender thread of Blue stretched out to bar his way! This only done, yea less, for at the Wheatfield’ s verge The thread its centre finds; — unchecked even here the surge, And on and through will pour the torrent of the foe, To wreck the Union lines, engulf and overthrow. The foe comes on! and now the Wheatfield bare of troops! Haste, Birney and de Trobriand! fill up the gap — This open gateway — quick! or you will be too late! Even now the skirmish challenge rings through rifle tube, And spatters of the coming storm fall here and there! Nearer the Southron comes, — a mighty wave of Gray! No line of Blue, no Northern breasts his course to stay! 216 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Up now, ye sons of Maine! — in double-quick go in And fill the gap! — though thin your line, stretch out and fill! — Ah, none too soon! for even while the bending grain Still kisses Northern feet that press it as they speed, The angry Southern missiles clip its nodding plumes! Stand firm, O Pine Tree Sons; — upon you now is laid The safety of the whole! — Guard well the Wheatfield gate, You boys with Diamond Red and “ 17 ” shining there, Laughing in face of foe! — Can you be brave as gay? To stand, though comrades none, on right or left, are nigh? To stand, till succor comes? If so it chance, to die? Breaks now the storm! the iron bolts of war fly free! Mercy affrighted flies to Heaven! — but leaves a wall, — Blest wall of precious stones, with sparkling jets of fire! — Fierce flashes gleam; the leaden hail pours in; Thunder of guns, shrieking of shell, and hissing ball! Death and Destruction rampant in the sulphurous air; The Rebel yell, the Union cheer; and face to face The bayonet!— This is the hour that calls for manhood’s best! And is the Seventeenth Maine still there? — It wavers not; Its colors still, though rent in shreds, defiant float. Its veterans firm! the earth beneath them quakes with dread! Hearts strong, nerves tempered in the flame of battle, theirs; Their true aim reaps its harvest; death and crippling wounds They deal to foe. But what they give, they take. Alas! by ones and tens our noble lads go down. The weeping grain wraps its soft mantle round the slain, And tenderly supports the wounded on its breast. No succor yet! — and thin and thinner are the ranks, And fast the lessening store of cartridge goes — No aid! though eager thousands wait the word to come! — But more the honor due, as aid is less, in strife. Still there, our boys! Though foiled, recoiling from the shock, The foe, persistent, gathers up his scattered strength, Compact, full four to one, determined now to gain The field still firmly held by sturdy boys from Maine! Still held as if each stalk of grain with life-blood red, Were precious as the living hearts this life-blood shed. Again the yell! More withering now the battle blast! Lead to the tender flesh, iron to the brittle bone! Foes at the front charge in, and from the left and right Focus their fury here; — rages and roars the fight! By ones and tens and scores our best and bravest fall, Yet still undaunted there the rest!— Secession’s wave Breaks on the Northern rocks! Disaster here is curbed SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT MONUMENT DEDICATION. 217 In mid career! — hurled back the foe! — the Wheatfield saved! — Your duty done, O Seventeenth! here come two lines of Blue To guard and keep the ground, thus long hours held by you, The red-stained Wheatfield at immortal Gettysburg! Upon the spot where these men fought, to manhood true, Raise high the granite shaft, nor art nor treasure spare, To evidence, in lasting stone, the honor due To them, who battled thus, for love of country there;— And register the debt of gratitude, anew. ORATION. BY BREVET BRIGADIER-GENERAL WILLIAM HOBSON. Comrades and Fellow Citizens : If a stranger from foreign lands should finish his inspection of our famous battlefields of the late war by a visit to Gettysburg, he might ask why this only of those many fields is covered with monuments of various designs, but all tasteful and elegant, and why this field in special manner is the Mecca of pilgrimage to all lovers of our Constitution and Union. The answer is not far to seek. The battle of Gettysburg enjoys a distinction which cannot be accorded to any other of the great conflicts of which the history of the war is full. It has been well said that it marks the high water of the tide of rebel- lion. The waves of fire which surged around these heights on the first three days of July, 1863, ever after receded until they sank into an eternal calm at Appomattox. Again, it was the only battle of magnitude which was fought on distinctively free soil, never again to be vexed by the tread of hostile armies. It was fought, too, at a point not far distant, at that time, from the centre of population of the United States, and at a time not far away from the middle of the four years’ conflict. All previous battles led up to Gettysburg; all subsequent battles led away from it. Still further, the fighting of the battle at this point was not the work of human design. Neither General Meade nor General Lee had the least inten- tion or idea of making this the scene of conflict. As the meeting in the sum- mer sky of two little clouds differently charged with electricity calls in all the neighboring forces of nature on either side until earth and heaven resound with the roar of nature’s artillery, so the accidental meeting on the first day of July, 1863, of Buford’s cavalry with the forces of the enemy, naturally and irresistibly drew to the conflict on both sides all the powers of the oppos- ing armies. As to no General belongs the credit of causing the battle to be fought here, so to no one in particular more than another belongs the credit of con- ducting it to a successful issue. General Reynolds’ orders on the first of July were not to bring on a general engagement. He did not know when he moved to Buford’s assistance that he was bringing on a general engagement, and, unfortunately for him and his country, he never knew it. Whether, if he had known it, he would have done differently, we never learned from him. This much we do know, that he was not a man to march away from the sound of the enemy’s guns, or to remain quiet when his comrades needed his assistance. 218 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. To General Howard, when he arrived upon the field, a serious problem was presented, the preservation of the shattered remnants of Reynolds’ corps, and the selection of a position where that corps, united with his own, could make a stand against the forces of the rebels already flushed with victory. His keen, practised military eye rested upon Cemetery Hill, and to him belongs the credit of first placing our forces in position there. The arrival of the Twelfth corps, which was stationed on his right on Culp’s Hill and Rock Creek, the arrival of the Third corps which was put in position on his left, only later to be moved further to the left to let its first position be occu- pied by the Second corps, put our army in array for the movements of the second day. Of those movements it is hardly necessary to say to any one who is at all conversant with strategy, and has studied the topography of the country, that the action of Major-General Sickles, our gallant and beloved corps com- mander, in advancing a portion of his forces to the Emmitsburg road, and there meeting the first brunt of the rebel attack, was the salvation of our army in that second day’s fight. It shattered their lines in the first onset; it retarded their advance, and when they finally swung around and met our obstinate resistance here, in the Wheatfield, and that of the 124th N. Y., the Fourth Maine, the 40th N. Y. and other regiments on our left, by the “ Devil’s Den ” and in the “Valley of Death,” time had been gained for the Fifth corps to come up, hold and successfully defend the “Round Tops” and other points on our left. If Sickles had formed his line on the prolonga- tion of the line of the Second corps, in the depression of the land which you see, and had there awaited the rebel attack, with their outnumbering forces they would have gained possession of the “ Round Tops,” and our left flank would have been irretrievably turned. So, too, is due to the gallant and accomplished General Warren the credit of seeing the strategic importance of the “ Round Tops,” and of ordering them to be occupied by the Fifth corps, which, after as brave and desperate fighting as was ever seen on any field, completed the repulse of the rebels on our left. On our right, the morning of the 3d, by attacking and driving back Ewell’s corps, General Slocum made amends for his still unexplained failure to come to the help of Reynolds and Howard on the afternoon of the 1st, while General Hancock’s magnificent repulse of Pickett’s charge in the afternoon is too well known to need praise or comment here. Each of these general officers, with the pos- sible exception hinted at, did the right thing at the right time. Together, but not simultaneously, they forged a chain of defense in which the breaking of any link would have been disastrous to the Union cause. As to no general officer belongs the special credit for what was accom- plished here, so no particular corps, division, brigade or regiment can claim precedence of its fellows in contributing to the successful result. There was, probably, no battle in the war where the fighting was more evenly distributed among the troops engaged. With the exception of the Sixth corps, which, through no fault of its own, did not arrive on the field until late in the after- noon of the second day, and was only partially engaged on our left, every corps in all its parts was actively engaged at some period of the battle, as the official reports of losses show. It is worthy of note, too, in the light of the subsequent history of the war, that this battle was fought entirely by SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT : HOBSON’S ORATION. 219 troops who had voluntarily enlisted for the defense of their country'. No conscriptnor bounty jumper aimed here his unwilling musket at his country’s foes. The cohorts of the lame, the halt, the deaf, the blind, and the aged, with their gray hair dyed to the semblance of youth, who, from the follow- ing fall to the close of the war, filled our ambulances and hospitals, and obstructed the prosecution of the war, had not then made their appearance. The rapacious and unscrupulous recruiting officer had not then sent forward his levies from the slums of the cities and the jails of the counties. None of these can claim any share in this glorious victory. It was won by men who had a personal interest in the issue, who knew what that interest was, and were willing to risk their lives for the success of the cause for which they fought. For this reason, and because they recognized the supreme impor- tance of the crisis, I think there was no battle in the war where it was so little necessary for officers to look out for, or watch over, their men. Every man was an officer to himself. So it can be said, in all truth, and must be said that to the humblest rear rank private, who fought here, is due as much honor and reverence for what he did, as even to the commander-in-chief. In addition to the special characteristics of the battle heretofore men- tioned, it may also be said that, if we consider the extent of territory covered by the conflict, the number of troops engaged, the proportion of losses to the number engaged in the action, the length of time the contest continued, the skill and bravery and even the desperation shown on both sides, and last and greatest of all, the magnitude of the issues involved, it must be reckoned as one of the greatest and most important battles ever fought upon the face of the globe. I said the magnitude of the issues involved. The other ele- ments to be considered can be weighed with almost mathematical accuracy, but no human scales can determine the weight and value of the victory at Gettysburg. Fortunately for us, fortunately for the world, we shall never know what the result would have been if victory had perched on the other banners. We only know that the hands on the dial which mark the progress of civilization would have been turned back for an indefinite period. The history of that one word, civilization, in its primary and derived meanings, would give a more complete idea of the world’s progress than all the histories that have ever been written. In its primary, active sense it denotes simply the making a man a citizen. In its later, derived and passive sense it includes all those advances and improvements in the arts, sciences, literature and morals which entitle a nation to call itself civilized. That word civilized has no synonyms, nor does it need any. You all know what it means. Now, I undertake to say, that there is a logical and historical connection between the active and the passive sense of this word; that in all ages and in all nations the development and advance of what we call civilization, in its ordinary sense, has been in direct ratio to the exercises of the rights, duties and powers of a citizen on the part of all the inhabitants of the different nations. And as, in a democracy only, does a citizen obtain the full exer- cise of his rights, duties and powers, so only in a democracy can be found the highest development of civilization. All the forms of government which have ever existed may be brought under one of three classes, a theocracy, an aristocracy, or a democracy. Of 220 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. these three forms theocracy is suited to man’s lowest, and democracy to his highest, development. The failure of the republics of Greece and Rome was owing to the fact that they did not recognize the vital principles of democracy, the equality of all people before the law. They undertook to reconcile liberty and slavery under the same form of government, a mis- take which must always prove fatal to a democracy. It was the same mistake which came so near proving fatal to our form of government, and which culminated in the war of the rebellion. The founders of our government saw this danger, and, if they had forecast the future, would undoubtedly have made the abolition of slavery one of the conditions of the formation of the Federal Union. They knew perfectly well, from the logic of ethics and from the lessons of history, that liberty and slavery could not co-exist for any length of time under the same form of government. But the necessity of superseding the old confederation, which was a mere rope of sand, by a Union which should create a Nation, and the fact that slavery was dying out from natural causes, and at that time bade fair to be eliminated before many years, led to a compromise in the formation of the Constitution which flatly contradicted the first clause of the Declaration of Independence, the foundation principle of the Revolutionary struggle, by recognizing the institution of slavery, and throwing certain safeguards around it, without even mentioning the word slave. It is needless to recount how the hopes and expectations of the founders of the Constitution were disappointed. The history of the country from 1789 to 1861 is familiar to you all, as also that slavery, from being regarded as an institution merely to be tolerated for a limited time, came to claim, and did actually obtain, a dominant influence in national politics, as a matter of right. The history of the compromise in the formation of the Constitution was the same as the history of all compromises between right and wrong. It merely postponed the evil day. Wrong intrenched itself, and only made it more difficult for right to prevail, when it was finally forced to the conflict, as it always must be. The inevitable tendency of the existence of slavery, in the midst of insti- tutions otherwise free, had not been unobserved. More than fifty years ago, De Tocqueville, the eminent French statesman, visited this country and spent two years in the careful study of the working of our institutions. He seems to have been the only foreigner who ever thoroughly understood them, and in his famous book, “ Democracy in America,” published after his return, he pointed out slavery as the chief source of our danger, and foretold the troubles to which it would give rise. He could only foretell, however, nor could any one prevent. Moral laws work as certainly and as remorselessly in the domain of politics as do the laws which govern the operations of nature. “ Mute thought has a sonorous echo,” says an eminent French writer. He might have added that the reverberations of the echo are proportioned to the moral power of the thought. The thunders of the artillery at Gettys- burg, louder than had ever before been heard on an open field of battle, were the echoes of the preamble to the Declaration of Independence. They pro- claimed that none but free men should live in a free country, and that they all should have equal rights and power under the laws. Only in this way can a free government exist, as the framers and signers of the Declaration SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT : HOBSON’S ORATION. 221 well understood. The war of the rebellion was, then, a contest on the part of the government for self-preservation, a duty as incumbent on a democracy as upon an individual. The nation had shown its power to resist foreign foes; would it be able to overcome those of its own household? Should the balance between the centripetal and centrifugal forces, under which it had been intended that the members of our political system should move in harmony around a common centre, be disturbed, and these members be allowed to drift off into space at their own will, perhaps hereafter to be constantly coming into collision with one another? These questions were decisively answered at Gettysburg. The end did not come then, but it was made certain. No rational person doubted the outcome after Gettysburg. The red-handed perjurer and usurper who then sat on the throne of France, waiting and wishing and plotting, but not daring to interpose for the destruction of a government which his own nation had helped to establish, concealed more carefully, if he did not cease, his machinations. The tories of England, the enemies of everybody but them- selves, confined their assistance to the Confederates to such acts as could not be made the pretext for war. Thenceforward to a much greater extent than before, the sympathies and the moral support of the civilized world were on the side of the Union. The battle of Gettysburg had shown the possi- bility and the probability, ay, the certainty, of the fulfillment of Bishop Berke- ley’s famous prophecy: “Westward the course of empire takes its way, The four first acts already past; A fifth shall close the drama with the day, Time’s noblest offspring is the last.” The fulfillment of this prophecy will result from the lessons taught by the war, lessons which ought to be self-evident, that a democratic form of gov- ernment can be permanent only when all men living within it have equal rights under the laws, and have sufficient intelligence and moral sense to exercise those rights and discharge the duties arising from them. The gov- ernment being under obligation to prolong its own existence, as the expressed wish of the people, has the right and the power to enforce the performance of these conditions. An education sufficient to enable a man to transact the ordinary business of life, which shall include those principles of morals which underlie all religions, should be made compulsory upon those who hereafter may aspire to the privilege of suffrage. Intelligence and morality are the foundation of republican institutions. Beyond that every man may safely exercise his own belief, be he heathen or Christian, Hebrew or Mohamme- dan, or, to speak in a paradox, even have no religious belief at all. Recent developments seem to make plain also that it is the duty of the government in the exercise of the instinct of self-preservation to prevent the immigration of those misguided people who are hostile to all forms of government. Their belief may be due to the unfortunate conditions under which they were born and bred in foreign lands, but it is clearly not the duty of this country to harbor those who confess allegiance to none. In considering the supreme importance of the victory at Gettysburg, I could not help making these suggestions. They seem naturally to arise from the subject. They might be expanded into volumes, but I can trust the 222 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. common sense of this audience to take them and work them out to their proper conclusion. One more peculiarity of the victory at Gettysburg, considered as the turning point of the war. Although only twenty-five years have elapsed, yet already, both victors and vanquished unite in expressions of satisfaction at the result. Nowhere else in the past history of the world can this be paral- leled. It was hundreds of years after the conquest of England by William the Conqueror before Anglo Saxon and Norman grew together into a homo- geneous nation, and the Frenchman of to-day has still an antipathy to “per- fidious Albin,” because it humbled the eagles of Napoleon at Waterloo. This heretofore has always been the case between conquerors and con- quered. Family quarrels have ever been proverbial for their bitterness, and this was bitter enough while it lasted. The era of fraternal feelings between north and south, which has already arrived, is an auspicious omen for the future. And here let me say, we could take no credit for what we did on this field if we had not been confronted by men as brave as ourselves. I saw the famous charge of Pickett’s division on the third day. A more magnificent sight I never saw than when, after forming, they advanced across the fields towards the Emmitsburg road. I have read the history of many famous charges, but never of one that marched so far and so steadily into the very jaws of hell. No straggling, no falling out, except by those disabled by our merciless fire, they advanced till further advance was an impossibility. As the Seventeenth Maine lay on picket that night on the ground over which they advanced, and I saw, the next morning, eight or ten files front lying on their faces, side by side, as evenly as if placed by hand, where our canister had swept through them, ending their forward movement and their lives at the same time, I realized more than ever the horrors of war and the bravery of the men we had been fighting. So, with all honor to the men we fought here, and with no desire for self-laudation, we have come to dedicate this monument, set up in the interest of history to mark the spot where the Seventeenth Maine regiment, the first in the famous “ Wheatfield,” the “Whirlpool,” as it has been aptly called, did its duty to the best of its ability. We should be doing injustice to them and to ourselves did not those monuments do honor also to the brave men who here gave up their lives. The pathetic and eloquent words of our mar- tyred President, chiseled upon the stone in yonder cemetery, immortal as the deeds they commemorate, will never be equalled; but it is a question whether those who die for their country, even as he also died, are not rather to be congratulated. “ Dulce el decorum est pro patria mori ,” “It is pleas- ant and honorable to die for one’s country,” said the Latin poet, 2,000 years ago, and modern sentiment echoes his words: “ Come to the bridal chamber, death! Come to the mother when she feels, For the first time, her first-born’s breath; Come when the blessed seals That close the pestilence are broke, And crowded cities wail its stroke; Come in consumption’s ghastly form, The earthquake shock, the ocean storm; SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT HISTORICAL SKETCH. 223 Come where the heart beats high and warm, With banquet song, and dance, and wine; And thou art terrible — the tear, The groan, the knell, the pall, the bier, And all we know, or dream, or fear, Of agony are thine. “ But to the hero, when his sword Has won the battle for the free, Thy voice sounds like a prophet’s word, And in its hollow tones are heard The thanks of millions yet to be.” After the oration was concluded remarks were made by Colonel Bachelder, in which he highly complimented the Sev- enteenth regiment. Brevet Brig. -Gen. George W. West, formerly Major and Colonel of the Seventeenth, also made a few remarks, describing the movements of the regiment in the Wheatfield, and his great gratification that this worthy memorial had been erected to commemorate the services of those who fell here, and likewise of those who survived. Lieutenant-Colonel Merrill, the representative of the Seven- teenth as one of the Maine Commissioners, sent a letter of regret that illness prevented his attendance. The monument was then turned over to the Gettysburg Memorial Association by Colonel Moore, to be cared for until such time as the State of Maine should present this and the monuments of the other organizations in a more formal manner. HISTORICAL SKETCH. BY CAPTAIN GEORGE AV. VERRILL. (NECROLOGIST OF SEVENTEETH MAINE REGIMENT ASSOCIATION.) The Seventeenth Maine Regiment of Volunteers was raised by voluntary enlistments under President Lincoln’s call of July 2, 1862, for three hundred thousand for three years’ service. Those in the most western part of the state naturally gravitated to an appointed rendezvous at Portland, Me. The ranks were full and overflowing within about thirty days after the procla- mation went forth. The following counties contributed to make up the thousand strong which formed the organization : 224 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Androscoggin, 152 ; Cumberland, 398 ; Franklin, 84 ; Kenne- bec, 6 ; Knox, 17 ; Oxford, 168 ; Sagadahoc, 2 ; Somerset, 3 ; York, 178 ; Aroostook, Lincoln, Penobscot and Piscataquis, 1 each : 7 were residents of other states and 3 out of the country. Few had seen service ; some had belonged to military com- panies. All were anxious to learn and the "awkward squad” was apparent about "Camp King,” our rendezvous, across Fore River from Portland. Some of the officers had been selected in advance — Thomas A. Roberts, for our Colonel, had been Captain of an independent military company of Portland ; his son, Charles W., a Lieutenant serving in the Tenth Maine, for our Adjutant. We were also fortunate in securing Captain George Warren West from the Tenth Maine, for our Major, a strict disciplinarian and a thorough military man. Charles B. Merrill, a lawyer of Portland, for our Lieutenant-Colonel ; his patriotic fervor impelled him into the service. As was cus- tomary, the line officers were mostly selected in recognition of recruiting services. By the time the regiment was mustered into the United States service it could perform some simple evolutions ; with its long line formed in dress parade it greatly edified the ladies who graciously attended the function. The muster-in occurred August 18, 1862. The following was the original organization : — O O FIELD, STAFF, AND NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Colonel, Thomas A. Roberts, Portland. Lieutenant-Colonel, Charles B. Merrill, Portland. Major, George W. West, Somerville, Mass. Adjutant, First Lieutenant Charles W. Roberts, Portland. Quartermaster, J. T. Waterhouse, Portland. Surgeon, H. L. K. Wiggin, Auburn. Assistant Surgeon, William Wescott, Standish. Chaplain, Harvey Hersey, Calais, Vt. Sergeant-Major, Henry L. Bartels, Portland. Quartermaster-Sergeant, Charles W. Richardson, Portland. Commissary- Sergeant, Josiah Remick, Portland. Hospital Steward, Nathaniel B. Coleman, Portland. Drum-Major, John C. McArdle, Paris. COMPANY OFFICERS. Co. A. Captain, William H. Savage, Portland. First Lieutenant, Charles P. Mattocks, Portland. Second Lieutenant, James M. Brown, Portland. 225 SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT HISTORICAL SKETCH. Co. B. Captain, George W. Martin, Portland. First Lieutenant, Willard M. Jenkins, Fryeburg. Second Lieutenant, Benjamin C. Pennell, Portland. Co. C. Captain, Augustus Goldermann, Minot. First Lieutenant, Otho W. Burnham, Poland. Second Lieutenant, Joseph A. Perry, Portland. Co. D. Captain, Isaac S. Faunce, Lewiston. First Lieutenant, Milton M. Young, Lewiston. Second Lieutenant, John C. Perry, Portland. Co. E. Captain, Ellis M. Sawyer, Cape Elizabeth. First Lieutenant, George W. S. Fickett, Cape Elizabeth. Second Lieutenant, William Roberts, Yarmouth. Co. F. Captain, Albion Hersey, Paris. First Lieutenant, Uriah W. Briggs, Norway. Second Lieutenant, James M. Safford, Portland. Co. G. Captain, Edward I. Merrill, Farmington. First Lieutenant, Benjamin G. Ames, Phillips. Second Lieutenant, Prescott New'man, Phillips. Co. H. Captain, Almon L. Fogg, Westbrook. First Lieutenant, Dudley H. Johnson, Presque Isle. Second Lieutenant, Echvard Moore, Portland. Co. I. Captain, William Hobson, Saco. First Lieutenant, Putnam S. Boothby, Biddeford. Second Lieutenant, James O. Thompson, Portland. Co. K. Captain, Andrew' J. Stinson, Kittery. First Lieutenant, John P. Swasey, Canton. Second Lieutenant, Madison K. Mabry, Hiram. The new regiment made a brave show when on August 21st it broke camp, marched through the streets of Portland lined with enthusiastic people, and started south ''for three years or the war.” We journeyed to Washington by rail and boat without interruption or accident, except the shock occasioned by finding ourselves packed into box cars at Baltimore instead of ordinary passenger cars as previously. We survived the shock, however, as we did many others afterwards, common to a soldier’s life. August 23d relieved the 9th R. I. in a line of forts on east branch of the Potomac, running up from the main river. The situation was admirable, — an ideal camping ground. Sickness, however, incident to change of climate, prevailed. We drilled with the heavy ordnance, as well as in infantry tactics. While we were here the battles of Second Bull Run and Antietam both occurred. The boom of cannon and steady roll of small arms in both engagements were plainly 226 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. heard, although in a direct line they were distant from us thirty-five and fifty miles respectively. Joining the Army. — October 7th we bade adieu to fort life to join the Army of the Potomac in the field. On the cap- itol steps we rested three hours before crossing Long bridge. Our course was up the Potomac. At Upton’s Hill joined Berry’s brigade, Birney’s (First) division, Third corps. The brigade was then composed of 1st, 37th, 55th N. Y., 2d, 5th Mich, and Seventeenth Maine, regiments. The square, red patch marking Kearny’s men was proudly worn by the veterans. Raw troops were not allowed them until proof of worthiness in battle was shown. October 11th crossed into Maryland over Chain bridge, and arrived two days later near Edward’s Ferry, where we remained picketing the river and canal until October 28th. Our regiment had not been supplied with tents or " shelter pieces ” until Octo- ber 26th, although the weather all along was cold and rainy. The hardships endured thus far doubtless lessened the effective strength of the regiment by more than 100 men, equivalent to a large battle loss, many being permanently used up. Thus we became soldiers. A remaining badge of our rawness, how- ever, was the knapsack, bloated with relics of a past refinement, weighing from twenty pounds upwards. The knapsack became obsolete in our division in the 1864 campaign. October 28th forded the Potomac at White’s Ford, where the river was waist-deep and about one-third mile wide. The army, under McClellan, moved along the foot-hills, keeping pace with Lee, who moved up the Shenandoah valley beyond the Blue Ridge. We marched via Middleburg, White Plains and Salem to Waterloo on the north fork of the Rappahannock, and we remained in this vicinity several days, during which time Burnside succeeded McClellan in command of the army. Here a new plan of operations was made, with Falmouth, on the Rappahannock, as a point for concentration. Accordingly, on November 16th the march began ; on the 2 2d we went into camp around Falmouth. The time in camp was fully occupied in drills, inspections and ineffectual attempts to keep comfort- able and in health, during a very cold spell in a bleak situation, until December 11th. SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT HISTORICAL SKETCH. 227 Battle of Fredericksburg. — Early on December 11th the regiment, under Col. Thomas A. Roberts, numbering 628 men and officers, broke camp and marched towards Fredericks- burg, remaining on the north side of the river that night. Next morning we moved down the river to the left of our lines. Crossed the Rappahannock on Saturday, December 13th, at noon, on a pontoon bridge, and marched to our allotted place under shelling from the enemy’s guns. Soon the enemy made an advance of infantry to turn Birney’s left or seize his batteries posted in our front. To repel this attack General Berry threw out the Seventeenth to the left of the batteries in line of battle, speedily checking the onset with a few rounds. We lay on the field subjected to frequent shelling until our army retired on the night of December 15th. Our loss was three killed and mortally wounded, and seventeen wounded. Next day returned to our camp, when General Birney declared in orders that the new regiments had shown themselves "fully worthy of the 'Red Patch,’ and I, in the name of the division, acknowledge them as members in full standing.” General Berry also complimented the Seventeenth in his official report. Nevertheless, there was a feeling of disappointment in the air ; visions of valiant deeds and fierce personal encoun- ters faded unrealized. A soldier appreciates his individuality never so much as in his first battle. The regiment changed camp ground twice during the succeeding inactivity of the army. January 20, 1863, Burnside’s second campaign began. His general order was read to each regiment announcing that we "were about to meet the enemy again.” Fortified with this assurance we started out, and at night brought up at Scott’s Mill, near the Rappahannock, where we went into bivouac with- out any fires or loud sounds, for it was intended to surprise the enemy, and next morning our brigade was to lead and force the crossing. With this pleasing anticipation, and a drizzling rain, and no coffee, we slept the sleep of the just. The rain con- tinued, and it is matter of history that we did not meet the enemy ; but we could read the derisive placard of the Johnnies across the river : " Stuck in the mud.” General Hooker succeeded Burnside January 26th in com- 228 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. mand of the army. Improvement in rations and morale followed the change. We lost General Berry by his promotion to Major- General and command of the Second division of our corps. Before the spring campaign opened many deaths occurred, and many were discharged for "disability,” including several officers who resigned. Promotions followed, to fill vacancies, and the Seventeenth was "boiled down,” well-seasoned and pro- ficient in drill. The Cedars and Chancellorsville. — April 28th the Third corps, under General Sickles, moved down the river as a feint ; thence on the 30th we marched rapidly up river, in a tortuous course, to United States Ford, arriving after midnight, and crossed the river early on May 1st. The men carried on the person eight days’ rations and sixty rounds of ammunition. May 1st the regiment numbered nearly 500, rank and file, under command of Lieut. -Colonel Merrill (Colonel Roberts being- absent on sick leave) . The brigade was under Colonel Hay- man, a regular army officer. The day passed in manoeuvring, and that night we lay upon the Plank Road, connecting to left of Eleventh corps. May 2d Sickles pushed forward several miles on a reconnaissance in force ; a lively and successful skir- mish with the enemy ensued until sundown, taking prisoners. At dusk word came of the crushing attack of Jackson upon the Eleventh corps, reporting the latter to be destroyed, and that we were cut off by Jackson from the rest of our army. We silently and gloomily retraced our steps to Hazel Grove, an open plateau about a half mile from the Chancellor House. From this plateau our division made a night attack, known as the " midnight charge,” upon Jackson’s troops lying between us and the Plank road. The operations of Sickles’ corps May 2d were known as the battle of The Cedars. Stonewall Jackson was mortally wounded in the evening, and this great loss to the Confederate cause is directly traceable to General Sickles’ operations. Sunday, May 3d, about 5 o’clock, General Stuart, who succeeded Jackson, resumed the battle, the weight of it falling upon Sickles’ corps and a division of the Twelfth, the Eleventh corps infantry having been re-formed near the river. The battle raged furiously and incessantly until about noon. The SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT HISTORICAL SKETCH. 229 Seventeenth, with its brigade, was placed south of the Chan- cellor House, in an advanced position, lying flat on the ground, supporting a battery, when the onslaught was made. The enemy’s artillery played upon and over us from many cannon at Hazel Grove, and our own artillery fired over us in reply. Musketry fire from two directions also came into us from beyond our infantry lines. The enemy at one time broke through in front, and came for the battery. Our brigade at once, under the lead of General Birney, made a counter-charge, putting them to rout and taking a batch of prisoners. W e then took up a new position, as the battery was withdrawn. The Seventeenth was the last infantry to go from the field south of the Chancellor House. Later in the day it was placed in a line of works at the White House. Except by heavy shelling we were not greatly molested there. At 4p.m. our brigade was advanced outside the breast- works, prepared to charge if the enemy broke our skirmish line in the woods ; but the battle in that vicinity was over. May 5th Colonel Roberts returned. May 6th we recrossed the river, our division being the last withdrawn from the front lines, and thence returned to our camp, as likewise did all others to their own. The loss in the Seventeenth in this battle was : killed and mortally wounded, 1 officer (1st Lieut. Dudley H. Johnson) and 10 enlisted men ; wounded, 5 officers (Capt. Augustus Goldermann, acting as field officer, Capt. Edward I. Merrill, 1st Lieuts. James M. Brown, Putnam S. Boothby ; 2d Lieut. Thomas W. Lord) and 54 men ; also 41 taken prisoners. Total, 111. June 11th broke camp and began the march northward which culminated in the battle of Gettysburg, our route taking us to Manassas Junction, Centreville and Gum Springs, Va., from thence, on June 25th, to the Potomac, which we crossed at Edwards Ferry, on a pontoon bridge, continuing along the canal towpath to the Monocacy, where we bivouacked for the night. This day’s march of thirty miles was the highest record of the regiment. Next day proceeded to Point of Rocks ; thence to Jefferson Village, Middletown, Frederick City, Taneytown, Emmitsburg and Gettysburg. The regiment took an active part in the battle of Gettysburg ; engaged in the Wheatfield 230 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. July 2d for two hours and a half ; July 3d supported Daniel’s 9th Mich, battery, under severe shelling. A narration of this battle is given on another page, with an account of our losses. In the pursuit of Lee’s army after Gettysburg the Third corps started from the field July 7th. The regiment was reduced, through casualties and sickness, to about 150 men. The march was through Emmitsburg, Frederick City, Middle- town and South Mountain Pass, reaching Antietam battlefield on the 10th. The enemy made a stand, covering Williamsport, which nearly paralyzed Meade, and caused a halt. It was a question whether to attack or not. The rank and file were eager to pitch in, but uncertainty or timidity at headquarters lasted several days, during which time Lee decamped across the Poto- mac into the Shenandoah Valley. Our army crossed the river on the 17th and marched on east side of Blue Ridge, reaching Manassas Gap July 22d. Wapping Heights. — July 23d we ran into the rear guard of Lee. The Seventeenth was in the second line, supporting the skirmishers. Our only casualty was the mortal wounding of Sergt. -Major Fred W. Bosworth by a shell. Resuming the march the army passed through Salem and Warrenton, and on J uly 31st went into camp at Sulphur Springs, on the north fork of the Rappahannock. The Confederate army encamped beyond Culpeper ; ours around Warrenton. Both settled down to rest and recuperate. To fill our ranks three officers, Capt. Charles P. Mattocks, Lieuts. J. A. Perry and W. H. Green, with a recruiting squad, had been sent to Port- land for recruits July 24th. September 15th our army advanced down to Culpeper ; Sep- tember 23d we received 160 recruits from Maine. They proved to be of good material. October 11th General Lee took the bit in his teeth. Very adroitly deceiving Meade, he got a good start upon the right flank of the latter, and a complicated race began for Centreville or some intermediate point. Auburn. — In a blind fashion both Union and Confederate columns occasionally attempted to march on the same road at the same time. This occurred on October 13th, when Stuart’s cavalry got upon our road at Auburn on Cedar Run. Our SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT HISTORICAL SKETCH. 231 brigade ran into a brigade of this cavalry and a brisk skirmish ensued for a couple of hours, engaging both arms of the service. The enemy was routed, leaving his dead and some prisoners and horses behind. The Seventeenth had one man wounded and three missing. This astounding retrograde movement ended when our troops reached Fairfax Court House on the 15th of October. Lee did not. attack our forces, but spent a couple of days destroying the railroad track. On the 19th he disappeared, and Meade moved forward. Our division went into camp near Catlett’s. Maj . George W. West, having been commissioned as Colonel, was mustered to that grade October 22d, and assumed command of the regiment, which had now acquired a strength of about 375, rank and file. Kelly’s Ford. — November 7th our army advanced across the Rappahannock, the Seventeenth crossing at Kelly’s Ford where, behind works, some resistance was made and a few hun- dred prisoners secured who appeared glad to be taken in out of the cold. Next day pushed forward in line of battle to Brandy Station, from which our southern neighbors fled at our approach. We prepared comfortable quarters and enjoyed them until Meade, doubtless remembering the ides of October, attempted a counter-stroke upon Lee’s right, beyond the Rapidan. Locust Grove and Mine Run. — We crossed the Rapidan at Jacob’s Ford in the evening of November 26th, and stopped for the night about a mile farther on. Next day, November 27th, the Third division took the lead and struck the enemy. Our (First) division moved forward, formed, and was held in support. Those in front gave way. Advancing in line beyond these men, new to battle, we met the enemy, and a fierce mus- ketry conflict ensued, until every round of our ammunition was expended. Just at this moment a brigade of the Sixth corps (in which was the Sixth Maine regiment) came up, moved beyond our right flank, turned that of the enemy, gave him some volleys routing him, and the field was ours. This action occurred at a villa called Locust Grove. This stand-up fight caused us a grievous loss, inflicted unnecessarily through the incompetency or recklessness of some officer, superior to the regimental, who directed the Seventeenth to take the place of 232 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. the regiment it relieved ; thus bringing the line of the regiment nearly perpendicular to, and in front of, that of the enemy, who, at short range, made great havoc with our right compa- nies, while the left of the regiment was untouched. Our loss was : killed or mortally wounded, eleven, of whom were Capt. Ellis M. Sawyer (acting as Major) and 1st Lieut. James M. Brown ; and thirty-nine wounded, of whom was 1st Lieut. F. A. Sawyer. Our picket, under Lieut. W. H. Green, scooped in about a dozen prisoners the next morning. On the 28th we moved some miles and came to our general line, confronting the enemy posted and waiting for us on the heights, in his works, beyond the Mine Run, a stream of some width but generally fordable. Remained here the 29th and 30th ready to assault the works, which were of a most formid- able character, at sound of a signal gun. We formed on both days to make this hopeless sacrifice, momentarily expecting the signal to advance. It did not sound, and the enterprise was abandoned. We marched all night, from dusk to sunrise, and recrossed the river without molestation ; many stragglers doubtless fell into the enemy’s hands. We lost one, taken prisoner. Returned to encampment at Brandy Station and went into winter quarters. A new stand of colors, in silk, National and State, with eagles, presented by the merchants of Portland to the Seven- teenth, was received February 22d. These were safely borne through the campaigns of 1864. March 24th the unwelcome order of consolidation was received. The Third corps was merged into the Second, under command of General Hancock ; the First and Second divisions becoming the Third and Fourth divisions of the Second corps. General Birney retained com- mand of our division. The veterans of the Third corps retained their diamond patches. Brigades were also consoli- dated. Ours, to be commanded by Gen. Alexander Hays, thus became the Second brigade of Third division, Second corps, and was composed of the Fourth and Seventeenth Maine, 3d and 5th Mich., 63d, 57th and 105th Penn., 93d N. Y. and 1st U. S. Sharpshooters. Lieutenant-General Grant joined the army in April. We SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT HISTORICAL SKETCH. 233 vacated the winter huts on the 26th of that month, encamping in shelter tents in open fields. We lay here until the general movement began on May 3d. Grant’s Campaign. — The Seventeenth Maine began this campaign with 21 officers, 5 acting officers (commissioned but not mustered) and 439 enlisted men in the ranks. The officers were : Colonel, George W. West ; Captains, John C. Perry (act- ing as Field officer), Joseph A. Perry, Benjamin C. Pennell, William H. Green, Isaac S. Faunce, Sumner S. Richards, George W. Verrill ; First Lieutenants, Frederick A. Sawyer, John N. Morrill, James S. Roberts, Grenville F. Sparrow, George A. Whidden, Henry L. Bartels, Wellington Hobbs; Second Lieutenants, Stephen Graff am, Franklin C. Adams, Gustavus C. Pratt, Robert H. Mathes, William H. Sturgis, Benjamin Doe. Acting officers : Sergeant-Major, Edward H. Crie ; Sergeants, Charles C. Cole, Jordan M. Hall, Joseph S. Hobbs, and Newton W. Parker. In addition to these the fol- lowing combatant officers of the regiment were on detailed duty in the division: Maj. Charles P. Mattocks, commanding 1st U. S. Sharpshooters ; Capt. Edwin B. Houghton, acting A. I. G. on First brigade staff ; Second Lieut. Walter F. Noyes, commanding brigade pioneers (these went into action) . Taking up the line of march at midnight, May 3d, we crossed the Rapidan on morning of the 4th at Ely’s Ford; proceeded thence to the battle ground of Chancellors ville, remaining there during the day and night. Battle or the Wilderness. — May 5, 1864, marched and reached Todd’s Tavern about noon. The enemy — Hill’s corps — having struck the Sixth corps, marching on the Brock road, we were turned upon that road and marched northward to the point where it crosses the Orange Plank road. The Seven- teenth was on the right of the Second corps. About 4 p. m. we advanced in line of battle, parallel with the Brock road through thick undergrowth, until we felt the enemy. In an unsuccessful effort to find connections upon our right, as ordered, the regiment became separated from the troops on our left, but advanced upon Hill and forced him back at his left flank, after a fierce stand-up fight, lasting until dark, taking about thirty prisoners. 234 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. May 6th, at 5 o'clock a. m., in the same formation, we advanced again, in a general attack in line of battle, capturing a line of breastworks, routing the enemy and driving him before us a mile and a half. The Seventeenth and Fourth Maine, side by side, pushing forward, had become the point of a wedge, well driven through the enemy’s lines. Arriving at an opening, crossed by the Plank road, we halted under a sharp infantry tire, and that of a couple of unfriendly field pieces, for our connections to come up. The broken lines of the enemy on our right rear, finding we had outflanked them, retreated in a mob, hundreds of them falling into our hands as prisoners, whom we directed to the rear, as we had directed those taken in the advance. Doubtless all of them were claimed by troops at our rear as their captures. Colonel West, who had already lost his horse, — shot under him, — was severely wounded and helped to the rear. Longstreet, having made dispositions, put in his corps. We successfully resisted his attack in front, but he forced an opening somewhere on the left and towards our rear, which caused our line to fall back, under orders of Colonel Walker of Fourth Maine, then commanding the brigade. Thus a glorious victory was allowed to slip which we had held firmly in our grasp ; a single brigade at the front, with us, could have secured the harvest. At noontime our whole line, thus out- generaled, retired, fighting, in good order to the Brock road, along which breastworks were built. Later in the day we received an assault upon this line by Longstreet’s corps, which was repulsed. May 7th advanced with the division, massed by brigades in columns of regiments, to find the enemy, — and we found him, lively enough with his buck shot and artillery, behind works. The regiment lost in the three days 201. Of this number 62 were killed outright or died of their wounds. The loss of officers was : killed, 2d Lieut. Benjamin Doe and acting 2d Lieut. Newton W. Parker; wounded, Col. George W. West, Capt. Joseph A. Perry, 1st Lieuts. George A. Whidden (re- joined for duty May 16th), Wellington Hobbs (rejoined for duty June 28th), Henry L. Bartels, Frederick A. Sawyer, 2d Lieut. Franklin C. Adams and acting 2d Lieut. Joseph S. SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT HISTORICAL SKETCH. 235 Hobbs (rejoined for duty May 11th). Major Mattocks was captured on the skirmish out-posts, May 5th, at the first col- lision ; had this not occurred the regiment might have regained this field officer, after the loss of Colonel West. Owing to our lack of officers, Major Moore of the 99th Penn, was tem- porarily assigned to command the Seventeenth, the word coming from General Birney that he had so high a regard for the Sev- enteenth that he gave us the best available field officer in the division. Major Moore gallantly led us until May 16th. May 8th moved towards Spotsylvania as far as Todd’s Tav- ern, where we built works ; not engaged, although under fire. May 9th marched southward towards the Po river. The greater portion of the regiment was sent on picket across the river under Capt. W. H. Green, senior of the regimental detail. Po River. — May 10th the picket line with some supports advanced as skirmishers and drove the enemy’s cavalry a long distance, back upon their infantry supports. A large force of the latter rapidly advanced upon our scattered line and upon its flanks, intending to capture the whole. Our detachments and the Fourth Maine, the whole under command of Col. Elijah Walker of that regiment, were skillfully, although with diffi- culty and some loss, withdrawn, rejoining the brigade on north side of the stream. The remainder of the 10th and the 11th was employed in supporting charging columns, batteries and skirmishers. Loss in the two days was one mortally wounded, seven wounded (including Capt. S. S. Richards), and two miss- ing (never heard from and probably killed) . Spotsylvania. -—-Roused from sleep at 10 o’clock in the evening of May 11th, we silently moved out of our works on the right of the line, and marched away in the darkness and rain. The regiment reached its destination just before daybreak May 12th, and was immediately placed in the column already formed to charge the enemy’s works at the "Salient.” A short rest while waiting for the heavy fog to clear. About daybreak the charging column, composed of Barlow’s (First) division and our own division, moved forward side by side, without noise until the picket line was reached and captured, when some shots were fired. Then with loud cheering we rushed forward for the 236 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. works, through the obstructions and up over the steep glacis, without a halt. The Seventeenth entered in the first line at the very angle of the Salient, on the inner side of which were deep traverses, a long line of hitched-up artillery, and a mass of Confederates paralyzed with consternation, probably both at our appearance and the previous disappearance of most of their comrades into our protection. Gen. Edward Johnson’s division was extinguished ; about 5,000 men of it captured and he him- self and his subordinate, General Steuart, prisoners of war in our hands. General Johnson was taken by Sergeant S. Frank Haskell and Private J. F. Totman of the Seventeenth Maine, and escorted by them to General Hancock. The six batteries and horses fell into our hands. Without stopping to re-form we pushed forward for an inner line of works, but were met by a wide-awake enemy defending it, and by the advance of converging formations. We retired, fighting, back to the cap- tured works, and from the outside used them as a breastwork. One of the bloodiest encounters of the war, in a hand-to-hand struggle, ensued across the works, continuing all day and until nearly midnight, when the determined foe gave it up, leaving eighteen cannon and the whole Salient in our possession. A part of the Sixth corps at the proper moment came in on our right at the west angle of the Salient, and gallantly took and carried on the fierce battle. To these heroic veterans an equal share of glory and credit is due for holding fast the cap- tured position and artillery. We took into the battle 225 muskets, with 13 officers and 4 acting officers. Our loss : 12 men killed or mortally wounded ; 41 wounded, of whom were 1st Lieut. John N. Morrill and 2d Lieut. Stephen Graffam ; 5 taken prisoners ; 1 missing, prob- ably killed ; Captain Houghton, detailed on First brigade staff, also wounded. Sergt. Edward G. Parker, carrying our national color, was killed, and Sergt. Edwin Emery, bearing the state color, was badly disabled by two wounds, the Color-guard nearly annihilated. Acting Sergt. -Major G. A. Parker was wounded. Maine was well represented here : the Third, Seventeenth, Fifth, Sixth and Seventh regiments all fought at the Salient. The Sixteenth, Nineteenth, Thirty-first and Thirty-second also co-operated by assaults upon the works near by. SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT HISTORICAL SKETCH. 237 From the 13th to 19th not engaged, except on picket. On the 16th Lieut. -Colonel Merrill returned to duty, taking com- mand. Capt. Edward Moore also returned from a leave of absence. Fredericksburg Road. — On the 19th, at 2 a. m. , the divis- ion marched about live miles to the Anderson House, on the Fredericksburg road. The army supplies came this way. Ewell circled our right to strike this road in our rear. Near the trains he ran against the First Maine heavy artillery regi- ment, used as infantry, and another of same kind, who fought with steadiness, holding the enemy. Our division went at double-quick to the rescue, supporting the line and advancing the battle. The Seventeenth relieved the First Maine, that had lost heavily, and advanced upon the enemy, who fell back. Next morning advanced again, and the enemy fled. The regi- ment secured 47 prisoners (the division 500), with a loss of only one wounded and one missing. North Anna. — May 21st, at 1 a. m., with 184 muskets, we took the Gruiney Station road, passed through Bowling Green, crossed the Mattapony, beyond which we bivouacked, — a twenty miles march; 22d built breastworks ; 23d marched at 5 a. m. southward, approaching the North Anna. The enemy held a redoubt near the bridge on the north side, with flanking lines to the river. Our division charged in line of battle ; our brigade, under Col. B. R. Pierce, advancing, met a fusilade, and was raked by artillery from across the river, but carried every- thing handsomely to the river. Next day intrenched under fire on the south side. Remained here until the 27th. Loss : killed and mortally wounded, four (of whom were 1st Lieut. James S. Roberts and 2d Lieut. Walter F. Noyes), and seventeen wounded. Totopotomt. — At midnight, May 26th, recrossed river and marched to the Pamunkey, crossing it on the 28th, near Newcastle. Several positions and advances were made in the ensuing four days. On June 1st the enemy’s line at the Toto- potomy Creek, which flows into the river, was assailed with suc- cess by our division, the First brigade leading, supported by ours — our regimental loss being slight. The Seventeenth was 238 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. this day transferred to the First brigade, commanded by Colonel Egan, and served with it until March 15, 1865. The Third Maine belonged to this brigade. Marched at midnight with- out halting, passing Salem church and around our army towards the left until, at 6 a. m., we halted for breakfast, after which, to the left until we joined Barlow’s (First) division at the front. Cold FIarbor. — June 3d a general assault was made upon the enemy’s strong works, ending in failure and a fearful loss ; we were held as a support to the First division and suffered slightly. Remained in this vicinity until June 12th. On June 4th the re-enlisted men and recruits of the Third Maine were transferred to the Seventeenth. Many names were on the trans- fer rolls, but we received only 129 men carrying muskets ; these were sterling men, many of them being non-commissioned officers, for whom we found places. The vigor of our men, which had kept up remarkably until this time, suddenly collapsed. We had nearly fifty prostrated in one day. A portion of them recovered before the 12th. Losses since May 24th : one killed, four wounded, five captured. The sergeants remaining to us, who had served as officers since the campaign opened, were here mustered according to their commissions. June 12th left the works at Cold Harbor, and on the 13th marched to the James river, crossing next day at Windmill Point, and remained on the south side waiting for rations that day and night. June 15th marched to the line in front of Petersburg and bivouacked behind captured earthworks. Our strength was 16 officers and 224 enlisted men. Petersburg Assaults. — June 16th, while the roll was being called, a well-aimed shell burst in our ranks, injuring several, among them Capt. John C. Perry, commanding the regiment, — Lieut. -Col. Merrill being off duty, — and the com- mand devolved upon Capt. Benj. C. Pennell. Soon the Seven- teenth Maine and 20th Ind. were moved out and formed in line of battle without supports ; the orders were to advance and take the enemy’s intrenchments and battery about fifty rods distant. We moved forward in line of battle, over stubby but level ground, under a storm of bullets, shell and solid shot, poured SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT HISTORICAL SKETCH. 239 into us as we advanced, coming from the veterans of Lee’s army. Our line shriveled and the alignment was broken. We failed to reach the main line, but took and held an out- work about midway the lines. A short time elapsed when we re-formed the two regiments at this point, expecting to have a support, but none came, and we moved forward a second time, gaining some ground, but with no better success ; holding the advanced position, however, under a murderous fire until we were withdrawn towards night. Colonel Eo-an was wounded. The whole First division charged at sunset upon the same line, and were likewise repulsed. Our loss was : killed and mortally wounded, 16 (amongst them one of the color-bearers, Corporal Leonard Pride) ; wounded, 2 officers, Capt. John C. Perry and 2d Lieut. Jordan M. Hall, and 37 enlisted men. Next day the Seventeenth occupied a portion of the advanced line used for skirmishing, keeping up a galling lire which drove the opposing skirmishers from their pits. Captain Pennell was instantly killed while attempting to bring down with a Sharp’s rifle the "stars and bars ’’planted on their works opposite our colors. The command of the regiment then devolved upon Capt. Edward Moore, who was succeeded the same evening by Major Gil- braith, of the 20th Ind., detailed temporarily by General Birney to this special duty with our regiment, which he well performed until July 10th, when relieved by return of Lieut. -Colonel Merrill to duty. June 18th a general assault on the enemy’s works was made, with very small success but with frightful casualties. We charged at the Hare House along a ridge (overlooking the plain where the First Maine Heavy charged) . The small ad- vancement of our lines was secured by earthworks thrown up in the night in close contact with the enemy. Here we remained in the works until relieved on the 20th by the Ninth corps. Loss since June 16th, killed and mortally wounded, one officer and 13 enlisted men ; wounded, 18 enlisted men. Jerusalem Road. — June 21st the Second corps extended the lines to the left beyond Jerusalem Road. Next day a por- tion of our division in this movement was outflanked and cap- tured in the new breastworks. Our brigade was ordered to 240 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. charge and retake these works at daybreak of the 22d. As we were drawn np in an open held to undertake this task each man nerved himself and prepared for the worst, in many instances leaving valuables and messages with the surgeon. The word was given ; the line moved forward in splendid style. Before half the distance was gained the enemy gave a feeble volley and left the work, which we occupied without trouble, with loss of one killed, two wounded and three missing. The regiment lay behind works after this, not engaged although at the front. July 12th the corps moved from the front and encamped, doing daily fatigue duty, levelling old works, etc. An official nominal list of our casualties for May and June was compiled, showing the number to have been 376, of whom only 32 were missing, which included those taken prisoners. Five officers were killed and fifteen wounded, being a much higher percent- age than that of the enlisted men. July 26th marched to the James, crossing at Jones’ Point. First Deep. Bottom. — Moved forward about two miles and performed picket duty until relieved on 28th, when at dusk we recrossed the river and marched in rear of the investing lines until morning ; next evening after dark we marched to the Hare House and quietly relieved Hicks’ troops of the Ninth corps in the intrenchments. This was in preparation for the famous Mine Explosion which occurred next morning, July 30th, near by us. Returned at nightfall to our camp in reserve, where we stayed until August 12th. Second Deep Bottom. — August 12th marched to City Point and embarked on steamers. At 10 p. m. steamed up the James to Deep Bottom, where we landed in the morning. Advancing on the 14th, the enemy fell back into his strong works. We were established on the picket line at a large corn- field, doing that duty until the 19th. The main attack was made on the right, by the Tenth corps and a portion of the Second corps, all under General Birney. Failure followed temporary success. Skirmishing was continuous on the picket line, punctuated with artillery fire. Colonel Chaplin of the First Maine H. A., in command of the picket, was killed quite near the Seventeenth. Our loss was only four, wounded. SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT HISTORICAL SKETCH. 241 Returning to the Petersburg lines we were put into the trenches, relieving the Thirty-second Maine and another regi- ment. The opposing works were about 500 yards away ; with us was Ames’ N. Y. battery, relieved by White’s Fourth Maine battery. One-third of our men were held constantly under arms in the works, with pickets in front. This was north of Fort " Hell ” in an ordinarily healthy location ; many deserters came in. The opposing pickets were at first peaceable, with commercial dealings ; September 10th our picket line was advanced, which brought on a scrimmage. The brigade Officer of the Day was Capt. Edward Moore, whose duties brought him into this affair. We had a few wounded, amongst them Lieut. Joseph S. Hobbs at the main works. Then there began constant picket firing, day and night, except for a half hour at sunset, each day, by consent, when pickets were changed on both sides. We suffered a useless loss from this picket firing. Peebles’ Farm and Fort Hell. — October 1st moved from the trenches, making a movement "to the left,” to extend our lines and establish them with earthworks, which being accom- plished we returned on the 5th and were placed in Fort Sedg- wick (known as Fort " Hell ”) . Mortar shelling was frequent, and on the evening of the 11th a concentrated fire from many came into our fort, descending all around and causing some loss. October 15th were withdrawn and encamped back from the works. Colonel West, who had been absent, wounded, since May 6th, returned to duty. Lieut. -Colonel Merrill resigned, and took his leave of us. The regiment furnished picket details for the front. October 24th Lieut. Wellington Hobbs was killed and Lieut. George A. Whidden permanently disabled by the same bullet ; Lieut. George B. Dunn also slightly wounded, same night. Boydton Road. — October 26th the Second and Third divis- ions, under Hancock, marched to the left, crossing Hatcher’s Run on the 27th, and pushed to the Boydton Road. The enemy nearly surrounded us. The Seventeenth was finally posted to guard our line of retreat, and constructed a barricade which General Hancock commended, adding," fix them so that you can fight on either side.” The regiment was selected to escort the 242 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. ambulances, filled with wounded, back to the works, in advance of the troops, after nightfall. An all-night march. October 30th we were placed in Fort Rice, remaining until November 29th, when we moved again to the left near the Peebles’ House, at the southerly turn of our lines. December 7th the Fifth corps and our division, with some cavalry, all under General Warren, made an infantry raid, marching beyond the Nottaway River to Jarrett’s Station on the Weldon railroad, and then destroying the railroad in a most thorough manner. Twenty miles of it was put " hors de combat,'” from the Nottaway to Belfield. Our troops burned many buildings on the return, as revenge upon inhabitants who had murdered men that fell out. No encounter with the enemy. After this we encamped, out of the works, near Fort Dushane, as in winter quarters. 1865. Colonel West, who had been appointed to Brevet Brigadier- General for his conduct at battle of the Wilderness, arrived at the front January 8th and was placed temporarily in command of the brigade, General de Trobriand being absent, and later was assigned to command another brigade. He did not return to duty with the regiment. Captain William Hobson, in command by seniority, was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel of the regiment January 18th. Hatcher’s Run. — February 5th our division, under Gen- eral Mott, followed by the Second division, marched to Hatch- er’s Run, and our brigade forced the passage of the stream under fire. The crossing was secured by forming the brigade in a crescent, one flank resting upon the south bank. The object being an extension of our works to the'left, the line was established and intrenchments built, when we encamped near the Smith house, resuming camp duties, picketing, etc., and the usual routine. February 22d the 2d U. S. Sharpshooters was disbanded and its company D was transferred to the Sev- enteenth ; by this we gained about a dozen fine soldiers. March 15th the regiment was re-transferred to the Second brigade, now commanded by Brig. -Gen. Byron R. Pierce, formerly Colonel of the 3d Mich, regiment, an ideal leader. SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT HISTORICAL SKETCH. 243 ' March 25th a demonstration was made against the enemy’s picket lines in our corps front, as a diversion to aid in the recovery of Fort Steadman, which the enemy had captured from the Ninth corps. Our move was successful, provoking an attack upon our corps that we repulsed, and captured pris- oners. The loss of the regiment was small. Counting up the regimental casualties from August 19, 1864, to March 26, 1865, we found them to be one officer and eleven enlisted men killed and mortally wounded, and three officers and twenty-five enlisted men wounded. March 29th broke camp at 6 a. m., marched on the Vaughan road, crossed Hatcher’s Run and advancing towards Boyd- ton Road, made connection on our left with the Fifth corps. Next morning advanced in line about a mile and found the enemy’s skirmishers, in view of his main line of works, from which his artillery opened. Our lines were strengthened with breastworks. At this time the strength of the regiment was about 300, rank and file. The following officers were on duty with the regiment : Lieutenant-Colonel William Hobson, commanding ; Major, Charles P. Mattocks (rejoined for duty March 31st from prisoner of war since May 5, 1864) ; Adjutant, George A. Parker; Captains, William H. Green, Isaac S. Faunce, Gustavus C. Pratt, Charles C. Cole, George B. Dunn ; First Lieutenants, Robert H. Mathes, William H. Sturgis command- ing company B, Parlin Crawford commanding company F, Joseph S. Hobbs commanding company H, James M. Webb commanding company C, Schollay G. Usher, Dexter W. How- ard commanding company E, William H. Copp ; Second Lieutenants, Fayette M. Paine, Albert L. Bradbury, Edwin A. Duncan, Asa G. Charles, Charles H. Parcher, Sumner W. Burnham, Edwin W. Sanborn, Thomas Snowman. Other line officers, on detailed duty in the field, were Capt. Joseph A. Perry, at division hospital ; Capt. George W. Verrill, A. A. D. C. on staff of General Pierce ; 1st Lieut. Edward H. Crie, acting regimental quartermaster ; 2d Lieut. Edwin Emery, brigade ambulance officer ; quartermaster Josiah Remick, as 1st brigade quartermaster. 244 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Fall of Petersburg. — The general assault upon the defen- sive works was ordered for 4.30 a. m. April 2d, to commence on right of our army, after a night of cannonading. Early in the morning General Pierce sent two regiments, with an aide, to "feel” the works in front, which we found nearly evacuated, and they were secured by these, being the first from the divis- ion ; the remainder of the brigade then advanced to the works. Without delay the brigade marched towards Petersburg upon the Boydton Plank Road, sending in advance an aide and orderly to scout the way ; the enemy had fallen back to the outskirts of Petersburg, where Lee had stretched a breastwork across to the Appomattox. Approaching this line we found resistance, also an artillery fire from across the river. The Ninth and Sixth corps had carried their front, except a couple of forts. We formed, connecting with the troops of the latter on our right. It is related that while the Seventeenth was throwing up a breastwork here, about twilight, two strangers came along and stopped on the line of work, conversing together, peering and pointing in a peculiar manner. Colonel Hobson ordered them to "get out of the way,” which they did without any "back talk.” The strangers were afterwards discovered to be Lieut. - General Grant and Maj. -General Wright. Lee evacuated that night. In the morning the pursuit began, and we marched twenty miles. Stragglers from Lee were plenty. The pursuit continued energetically, and on the 5th we came up with his rear guard. Deatonsville and Sailor Creek. — April 6th the First brigade had the lead. Lee had changed his course. About 2 p. M., when the enemy made a stand, the Seventeenth, with an- other of our regiments, was lent to the First brigade, to prolong its line, which at once formed and impetuously charged under a hot musket and artillery fire. The Seventeenth, after break- ing their line, wheeled to the left and charged upon those Con- federates who still held to their works, capturing about seventy- five prisoners, including several officers, and the battle-flag of the 21st. N. C. Lieutenant-Colonel Hobson was wounded in the first advance. The command of the regiment then devolved upon Major Mattocks, who detailed Captain Green to SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT HISTORICAL SKETCH. 245 act as a field officer. The division then, in line of battle, advanced about two miles, where the enemy was again found. Then the Seventeenth was returned to its own brigade, which in turn took the advance to charge. Moving forward under musketry and artillery fire, we crossed a small stream, where we routed a skirmish line, and kept on up a ridge ; the rest of the brigade separated and moved to the left, while the Seven- teenth alone made connection with the First division on our right, as planned. General Humphreys, the corps commander, was present, who at once ordered another charge, when we pressed on, completely routing the enemy, who had made a stand at some buildings, and driving him across and beyond Sailor Creek. His wagon train fell into our hands with a large batch of prisoners. It was a headquarters train, and proved rich plunder. Six barrels of whiskey was the load of one wagon, which was wisely poured into the brook. The loss was : killed and mortally wounded, seven, including 1st Lieut. Schollay G. Usher ; wounded, twenty-seven, including Lieut-Colonel Hob- son, Captain Dunn, 1st Lieut. Webb, 2d Lieut. Duncan; 1st Lieut. Hobbs was slightly wounded, but not disabled from duty. The pursuit continued next day, the Second division in the lead ; crossed the Appomattox at High Bridge, then on fire, where the enemy made some resistance, but gave way, leaving eighteen guns behind. In the afternoon came up with him, strongly intrenched, in a strong position at Farmville. Skir- mishing followed, and feints of attack, the object being to detain them. In the night our foe decamped, and on the 8th the hunt began again, passing through New Store. Late at night, or rather at daylight of the 9th, got within striking dis- tance. Sunday, April 9th, we continued the march until about noon and halted, about two miles from Appomattox C. H. The Surrender. — About four o’clock in the afternoon General Meade, coming from the front, announced the surren- der of General Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia, at Appomattox Court House. April 11th marched for Burkesville Junction, remaining there until May 2d, when the long march began for Wash- ington ; on the way passing through Richmond, Fredericksburg, 246 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. and other places memorable in the long strife ; linally reaching Bailey’s Cross Roads, near Washington, where we encamped and remained until mustered out of service, June 4, 1865. The regiment, under Colonel Mattocks, took part in the Grand Review in Washington on May 23d. The men whose terms of service held beyond September 30, 1865, were transferred to the First Maine Heavy Artillery regiment ; this transfer also included three officers. About 300 enlisted men and thirty officers were present June 4, 1865, to be mustered out, and these came back to Maine with the organization. A large number of our comrades were absent, wounded and sick in hospital, who were thus deprived of the great joy of returning home under the colors. The Seventeenth, returning to Maine, arrived in Portland June 8th, where it, and the Twentieth regiment, were received with enthusiasm and were highly honored by a public recep- tion. June 10, 1865, the organization was disbanded. ROSTER. The following information relating to officers of the Sev- enteenth Maine regiment is obtained from the Volunteer Army Register (part 1), 1865, and other reliable sources. Officers at Muster-out, June 4, 1865. Colonel: Charles P. Mattocks, May 15, 1865, — brevet Colonel from Major, April 9, 1865; brevet Brigadier-General from Colonel, May 13, 1865. Lieutenant-Colonel: William Hobson, Jan. 18, 1865, mustered out June 6, 1865, — brevet Brigadier-General, April 6, 1865. Adjutant: 1st Lieut. George A. Parker, Jan. 18, 1865. Quartermaster: 1st Lieut. Josiah Remick, Nov. 8, 1862. Captains: Joseph A. Perry, Nov. 1, 1863; Edward Moore, Nov. 16, 1863, — brevet Lieut. -Col., March 13, 1865; Edwin B. Houghton, Nov. 16, 1863, mustered out June n, 1865, — commissioned Major, not mustered; William H. Green, Dec. 22, 1863, — brevet Major, April 9, 1865; George W. Verrill, March 14, 1864,— after Feb. 3, 1865, detached, on brigade staff, acting as Asst. Adjt.-Gen., Asst. Insp. Gen., and Aide-de-Camp, also served on Military Commission to examine officers; Grenville F. Sparrow, July 4, 1864; Gus- tavus C. Pratt, Jan. 18, 1865; Charles C. Cole, Jan. 31, 1865. First Lieutenants: Edward H. Crie, June 5, 1864, — commissioned Captain, not mustered; Robert H. Mathes, July 4, 1864, — brevet Captain, April 9, 1865; William H. Sturgis, July 4, 1864,— brevet Captain April 9, 1865; ROSTER OF THE SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT. 247 Parlin Crawford, Nov. 4, 1864, — formerly of Third Maine; Lloyd W. Lamos, Nov. 5, 1S64; Joseph S. Hobbs, Nov. 17, 1864; James M. Webb, Jan. 18, 1865; William H. Copp, Feb. 12, 1865, formerly of Third Maine. Second Lieutenants: Albert L. Bradbury, Jan. 16, 1865; Asa G. Charles, Jan. 18, 1865; Edwin A. Duncan, Jan. 18, 1865, — brevet 1st Lieut., April 9, 1S65, commiss’d 1st Lieut., not mustered; Charles H. Parcher, Jan. 18, 1865; Edwin Emery, Jan. 20, 1865; Sumner W. Burnham, Jan 26, 1865; Thomas Snowman, Jan. 31, 1865; Horace B. Cummings, Feb. 12, 1865; Charles G. Holyoke, Sergeant-Major, — commiss’d 2d Lieut., not mustered. Surgeon: Nahum A. Hersom, April 11, 1863. Assistant Surgeons: Nathaniel B. Coleman, Nov. 21, 1863; James G. Sturgis, Nov. 3, 1864. Chaplain: Joseph F. Lovering, Dec. 7, 1863. ( Dates given above refer to rank or commission, those given hereafter refer to date of the event. ) Died. Captains: Almon L. Fogg, July 4, 1863, of wounds at battle of Gettys- burg; Milton M. Young, Aug. 13, 1863, of wounds at battle of Gettysburg; Ellis M. Sawyer, Nov. 28, 1863, of wounds at battle of Locust Grove, — com- missioned Major, not mustered; Benjamin C. Pennell, June 17, 1864, killed in battle of Petersburg. First Lieutenants: G. W. S. Fiekett, Sept. 24, 1862, of disease; Willard M. Jenkins, Nov. 18, 1862, of disease; Dudley H. Johnson, May 3, 1863, killed in battle of Chancellorsville; James M. Brown, Nov. 27, 1863, killed in battle of Locust Grove; James S. Roberts, May 23, 1864, killed in battle of North Anna; Wellington Hobbs, Oct. 24, 1864, killed in action at Petersburg, — commissioned Captain, not mustered; Schollay G. Usher, April 6, 1865, killed in battle of Deatonsville or Sailor Creek. Second Lieutenants: William C. Winter, Jan. 25, 1863, of disease; Hiram R. Dyar, July 2, 1863, killed in battle of Gettysburg; Benjamin Doe, May 6, 1864, killed in battle of Wilderness; Walter F. Noyes, May 24, 1864, killed in battle of North Anna; Newton W. Parker, — commis’d 2d Lieut., not mustered, killed in battle May 6, 1864; Edward G. Parker, — commis’d 2d Lieut., not mustered, killed in battle May 12, 1864. Quartermaster: 1st Lieut. Jacob T. Waterhouse, Oct. 23, 1862, of disease. Transferred and Promoted out of Regiment. Captains: Edward I. Merrill, Dec. 11, 1863, to Inv. corps as Captain, — brevet Major, March 13, 1865; Isaac S. Faunce, June 4, 1865, to First Maine H. A. First Lieutenants: Newton Whitten, Dec. 28, 1863, to Inv. corps; Dexter W. Howard, May 6, 1865, app’t’d Captain in 128th U. S. Col. Troops, — formerly of Third Maine; Fayette M. Paine, June 4, 1865, to First Maine H. A. Second Lieutenants: Edwin W. Sanborn, May 6, 1865, app’t’d 1st Lieut, in 128th U. S. Col. Troops, — formerly of Third Maine; Daniel J. Chandler, June 4, 1865, to First Maine H. A. Discharged on Account of Wounds. Colonel: George W. West, April 27, 1865, — brevet Brigadier-General, Dec. 2, 1864. Adjutant: 1st Lieut. Charles W. Roberts, Dec. 16, 1863. 248 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Captains: Augustus Goldermann, Aug. 19, 1863; John C. Perry, Sept. 14, 1864; Sumner S. Richards, Oct. 1, 1864; George B. Dunn, June 3, 1865. First Lieutenants: Frederick A. Sawyer, Sept. 24, 1864; Henry L. Bar- tels, Oct. 3, 1864; John N. Morrill, Oct. 20, 1864; George A. Whidden, Feb. 4, 1865, — commissioned as Captain, not mustered. Second Lieutenants: Thomas W. Lord, Sept. 20, 1863, — afterwards in U. S. Army, retired as Cap- tain; Franklin C. Adams, Oct. 1, 1864, — promoted to 1st Lieut., not mustered; Jordan M. Hall, Oct. 3, 1864. Resigned and Discharged. Colonel: Thomas A. Roberts, June 2, 1863. Lieutenant-Colonel: Charles B. Merrill, Oct. 7, 1864. Adjutant: 1st Lieut. Putnam S. Boothby, Oct. 31, 1864, — previously resigned as 1st Lieut., Dec. 2. 1862; re-commissioned. Captains: Andrew J. Stinson, Oct. 5, 1862; William H. Savage, Dec. 4, 1862; Albion Hersey, Dec. 21, 1862; Isaac S. Faunce, Jan. 1, 1863, re-com- missioned as Captain, Jan. 23, 1864; Uriah W. Briggs, March 21, 1863; George W. Martin, March 26, 1863. First Lieutenants: John P. Swasey, Nov. 19. 1862; Benjamin G. Ames, Nov. 20, 1862; Otho W. Burnham, Feb. 3, 1863; William Roberts, August 5, 1863; Charles E. Hubbard, August 28, 1863. Second Lieutenants: Madison K. Mabry, Dec. 10, 1862; Prescott New- man, Dec. 29, 1862; James M. Safford, Dec. 31, 1862; Danville B. Stevens, May 20, 1863; Ralph H. Day, May 21, 1863. Surgeon: Henry L. K. Wiggin, Jan. 31, 1863. Assistant Surgeons: Paschal P. Ingalls, March 2, 1863; Louis E. Norris, Oct. 1, 1863; William Wescott, Dec. 11, 1863. Chaplains: Harvey Hersey, Oct. 27, 1862; Jeremiah Hayden, Aug. 29, 1863. Otherwise Left the Service. Capt. James O. Thompson, Feb. 23, 1864; 2d Lieut. Stephen Graffam, Nov. 25, 1864. TWENTIETH MAINE REGIMENT. 249 MONUMENTS. The positions of the Twentieth Maine on the field of Gettysburg on the second and third days are marked by two monuments. The survivors of the regiment placed, in 1886, on the spot and near where their colors were planted on the afternoon of July 2d, a simple monument, of Hallowell granite, four feet square at the base and five feet four inches in height, bearing upon one side of the shaft, around the Maltese Cross of the Fifth corps, this in- scription: — TWENTIETH MAINE THIRD BRIG. FIRST DIV. FIFTH CORPS. Upon another side is the following inscription: — Here the 20th Maine Regiment, Col. J. L. Chamberlain commanding, forming the EXTREME LEFT OF THE NATIONAL LINE OF BATTLE ON THE 2ND DAY OF JULY 1863 REPULSED THE ATTACK OF THE EXTREME RIGHT OF LoNGSTREET’s CORPS AND CHARGED IN TURN CAPTURING 302 prisoners. The regiment lost 38 killed or MORTALLY WOUNDED, AND 92 WOUNDED, OUT OF 358 ENGAGED. This monument, erected by survivors of THE REGIMENT A. D. 1886, MARKS VERY NEARLY THE SPOT WHERE THE COLORS STOOD. Upon the two other sides is the roll of those of the regiment who fell. The stone-wall thrown up hastily along the brow of the hill, to afford some slight shelter under the murderous fire, remains to emphasize the record of the monument. 250 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG . MONUMENT OF TWENTIETH MAINE REGIMENT. Upon Big Round Top is placed the monument erected by the state. It is of Hallowell granite. The base, of two tiers, shows as quarried, with cut angles; a single block forms the plinth which has chiseled borders and top; on this rests the massive die, nearly cubical in form, with a pointed apex. Admeasurements: Base, four stones, five feet by five feet by two feet; plinth, four feet nine inches by four feet nine inches by one foot seven inches; die, three feet six inches by three feet six inches by four feet six inches. Total height, eight feet one inch. Upon one side of the die a panel is sunk, from a polished surface, leaving in relief the following legend: — The 20th Maine Reg’t, 3d Brig. 1st Div. 5th Corps, Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlain, CAPTURED AND HELD THIS POSITION ON THE EVENING of July 2d 1863, pursuing THE ENEMY FROM ITS FRONT ON THE LINE MARKED BY ITS MONUMENT BELOW. The reg’t lost in the battle 130 KILLED AND WOUNDED OUT OF 358 ENGAGED. This monument marks the EXTREME LEFT OF THE UNION LINE DURING THE BATTLE OF THE 3d DAY. There is by the monument here a wall of stone hastily thrown up for defenses by the regiment on the night of July ad. ^ i_ TWENTIETH REGIMENT DIAGRAM 251 TWENTIETH MAINE EEGIMENT, THIRD BRIGADE, FIRST DIVISION, FIFTH ARMY CORPS, AT THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. W HILE the conflict was raging along Birney’s line another was in progress on the slopes of Little Round Top. We have already seen the Alabama and Texas regiments, under Law, rushing up across the valley of Devil’s Den, and passing beyond and around the Fourth Maine and the other defenders of that position. By this movement the approaches of Little Round Top were uncovered ; and the Confederates, passing the ravine, began to swarm up the sides of that precip- itous height, which was now recognized as a most important position in the battle of this day. In the defense of this position a Maine regiment was to play a gallant part. The Twentieth Maine regiment, with the 16th Mich., 44th N. Y. and 83d Penn, formed Vincent’s brigade of Barnes’ division. It was the only Maine regiment now in the Fifth corps, the remnants of the Second Maine having been consolidated with the Twentieth. On the morning of June 29th the brigade had left its bivouac at Frederick City, Md., and by hard forced marches, on the last day of which this regiment acted as the advance guard for the Fifth corps, had arrived at Hanover, Penn., at about 4 p. m. July 1st. While preparing for much needed rest, the plans were suddenly changed by hurried messengers bringing word that our First and Eleventh corps had struck the enemy at Gettysburg, some sixteen miles away, and were being: driven back. This was the signal for more hard marching. The worn and wearied men were enthusiastic to rush to the rescue of their fellow soldiers and the imperilled flag. They pulled out at 6 p. m. for a night’s march to Gettys- burg. It is fifty-five miles from Frederick City to Gettysburg by the route they took. The short time in which this distance TWENTIETH REGIMENT ENGAGED. 253 was accomplished by soldiers weighed down with all the burdens of heavy marching order, and this at the end of a long, weari- some and worrysome march from the Rappahannock, under the fiery heats of a midsummer sun, will suggest the physical con- dition of men about to take strenuous part in a great battle. The cheers of welcome and blessing that met them on that Get- tysburg night-march, from all the little homes along the road, struck a deep chord in every soldier’s heart. Without a halt they arrived within striking distance of the anxious lines then holding front against the enemy, and were bidden to take a little rest. At daylight they pushed to the front, and were massed in rear of Cemetery Hill, under preliminary orders to prepare to attack the enemy on the right of our position. Meantime the plans of the opposing commanders were taking shape. Suddenly, at about 4 o’clock p. M. July 2d, an artillery fire opened on our extreme left, where our Third corps had taken position ; and the head of the Fifth corps, instead of 'attacking on the right, was hurried to the support of. the Third corps on the extreme left. How our Twentieth regiment at the head of the brigade went in at first to Sickles’ line of battle then under tremendous fire ; how the gallant General Warren, seeing, with military eye, the importance of the Round Top heights, begged General Sykes to send Vincent’s brigade to gain this position in advance of Longstreet’s troops, then rushing for the same commanding heights ; how Hazlett, aided by the infantry, lifted his guns by hand and handspike up the craggy sides ; how Vincent fought and fell ; how the Twentieth, at the critical moment, with a bayonet charge turned the confident Confederate onslaught into rout, on the left of our army, — all this makes one of the most famous passages of the battle of Gettysburg. The brigade, moving instantly and at the double-quick, crossed Plum Run, and scaled the northern crest of Little Round Top, under the storm of shells from Longstreet’s bat- teries across the valley, crashing among the rocks and trees along the path of the column toiling up the mountain side (a) . (a) Official Report of Colonel Chamberlain, July 6, 1863. Rebellion Records, Vol 27, part 1, page 622. 254 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Passing to the southern slope of Little Round Top, making the extreme left of the Union line, where Vincent, entrusting the left of the line to the discretion and keeping of the Colonel of this regiment, .saying to him, "You understand! hold this ground at all costs ! ” rested his defense. The Twentieth, in order to meet the fire then enveloping our left, was formed " on the right into line,” the successive companies keeping somewhat under shelter until they reached their place in the line (a). On their right came up the other regiments of the brigade, the 83d Penn., the 44th N. Y. and the 16th Mich., making a somewhat convex line to cover the flank of our troops and artillery, then following, and in position to resist the formidable attack of the right of Hood’s division, now intending to carry this southern crest and so command the whole Union left. The Twentieth Maine, as it formed that rugged line of battle among the erases and bowlders of that crest now charged with a nation’s defense, numbered twenty-eight officers and three hundred and fifty-eight men present for duty equipped (b) / Although less than a year in the army the regiment had seen arduous service, entitling it to the name of veteran. Col. Joshua L. Chamberlain was its commander. Such advantage as was possible was taken of the rough, rocky and wooded ground. Facing it on the south was Big Round Top, a commanding summit among the clustered hills, but impracticable for battle ground, which was separated from Little Round Top by a smooth, thinly wooded vall ey. In establishing his defense Colonel Chamberlain, regardful of his exposed left flank, sent out company B, under Captain Morrill, to operate as he found necessary on that flank. Moving to the left, this company deployed as a skirmish line to check a demonstration on the left of the regiment ; but afterwards, in the crisis of the fight, it got in its volley on the enemy’s right, which demoralized them. (a) The order of companies from right to left was E, I, K, D, F, A, H, C, G, company B being detached as skirmishers. (b) According to the official reports ; but Colonel Chamberlain has since said that when the fight began some of those reported as absent sick came up and took their places, and that he also dismissed the “ pioneers ” and the “ provost guard,” as well as the prisoners under arrest in their charge, and all of these went into the fight and did gallant service. TWENTIETH REGIMENT ENGAGED. 255 These dispositions were scarcely made when a portion of Law’s Alabamians, with two regiments of Robertson’s Texans swarming up fr om beyond Devil’s Den, threw themselves against Vincent's right-centre, where a fierce conflict began to rage. Very soon the left was assailed, and the Twentieth was at once plunged into furious conflict. The enemy threatening to outflank us and to envelop our left and rear, the Colonel had promptly, as occasion permitted, stretched his regiment to the left by taking intervals by the left, and at the same time bent back, or " refused ” the left wing, so that it was nearly at right angles with the right. In this way the regiment was brought to occupy about twice the extent of its ordinary front, some of the companies being extended into single rank, where the ground gave sufficient shelter. The colors were planted where the orig- inal left had been, now in the angle of the line. Upon this salient fell a most deadly fire during the hour of desperate fight- ing which followed. The most formidable assailants of the Twentieth did not, however, advance by way of the valley. They came over the summit of Big Round Top, having been drawn that way by an interesting incident of the battle. When the 2d U. S. Sharp- shooters retired before the Confederate advance, a portion of them ambushed themselves on the side of Big Round Top, whence they poured an annoying fire upon Law’s men as they passed up the gorge. To silence this fire the 15th and 47th Ala., under direction of Col. William C. Oates of the 15th, advanced up the slope of Big Round Top, against the Sharp- shooters, who mysteriously disappeared. Reaching the sum- mit of the hill, Colonel Oates, charmed by the commanding position, wished to hold it ; but, upon the receipt of an urgent order from Law to " get on the enemy’s left as soon as pos- sible,” he moved the two regiments down the hillside and across the hollow towards the slope of Little Round Top (a) . They advanced in battle line with no skirmishers, the 15th Ala. on the right and opposing the left of the Twentieth Maine, cutting off as they advanced Captain Morrill’s company. It was a most formidable advance. The 15th Ala. was one (a) Statement of Colonel Oates (1890). 256 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. of the strongest and finest regiments in Hood’s division, and largely outnumbered the Twentieth Maine. Suddenly, and to the Confederates unexpectedly, a most destructive volley burst from the line of the Twentieth (a) . Surprised but not discon- certed, the Alabamians replied, and the fight grew fierce and tense. Coming in with vastly superior numbers on the flank of the Twentieth, the enemy made a left wheel in order to take it in what they supposed to be its flank and rear, or at least to rake it with an enfilading fire. But here was proved the great benefit of the tactical manoeuvre of the "refused” left flank. The enemy was met by a firm front, instead of falling upon an unguarded rear. Their fire, falling on the left wing of the Twentieth in front, enfiladed the right stretched out beyond. Against both fronts of the regiment, however, the whole force of the enemy advanced in repeated charges. "The edge of the fight swayed backward and forward like a wave,” are the words of the Colonel’s report. Squads broke through each line in one place and another. Now the Maine men were driven back and the colors of the enemy for a moment are inside their line. At one moment it looked as if the colors of the Twentieth Maine must be lost. Buried from sight in smoke, when the black cloud lifted for a moment the colors were seen almost alone. All the Color-Guard and the flanks of the companies on its right and left were cut away ; but the Color-Sergeant, Andrew J. Tozier, was standing his ground, the staff planted on the earth, and supported within his left arm, while he had picked up a musket and was defending his colors with bullet, bayonet and butt, alone ! Seeing this heroic example and the imminent peril of the colors in the whirl that wrapped the left and centre, the Colonel sent his brother, the acting Adjutant (b) , to rally some men, wherever they could be found, for the sup- port of the Sergeant and the rescue of the colors. In order to ensure the delivery of his order under the hot fire the Colonel dispatched immediately Sergeant Ruel Thomas (whom he had taken as a sort of staff-orderly) with the same instructions. (a) Colonel Oates says (1890; that he did not know of the presence of the Twen- tieth Maine among the rocks and trees in front until this volley was delivered. The fire was most destructive ; but he felt compelled to push on under the circumstances. (b) Colonel Chamberlain’s official report, July 6, 18G3. TWENTIETH REGIMENT ENGAGED. 257 At the same time the Colonel asked the commanding officer of the 83d Penn., on his right, for a company to fill this perilous gap ; but the 83d could not risk its own safety to spare a man. The situation was desperate. The men had been using cartridges snatched from the boxes of their fallen comrades, and even from those of the enemy. A third of the regiment was down, dead or disabled on their line. As the last rounds of ammunition were expended, the men were preparing to club their muskets as the last resort of the defensive. They had so far maintained their swaying line in spite of the terrible press- ure on point after point of it. But in a moment the scene changed. The enemy suddenly drew back to the shrubbery and rocks in the bottom of the valley, as if to gather force for a supreme blow. At this crisis, with the quick and resolute instinct to strike before he was struck, Chamberlain staked all upon a desperate counter-charge. He repaired to the left centre to advise Capt. Ellis Spear (a) , w r ho, acting as field officer, was in charge there, of his new purpose. Great responsibility was to fall upon this officer, as his flank was to start the movement, and moreover to become the wheeling flank, as the movement must swin should do this. " But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate — we can not consecrate — we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which fhey who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us, — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain — that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” 586 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. THE MAINE GETTYSBURG COMMISSION AND ITS WORK. BY CHARLES HAMLIN, CHAIRMAN OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. Y ery soon after the battle of Gettysburg prominent citizens of the burgh, realizing the great historical value it would occupy in the war of the Rebellion, organized themselves under the name of the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association, and procured a charter from the State of Pennsylvania under which they purchased lands, built roads, and took such measures as were necessary to preserve in their original condition the grounds occupied by the forces of both armies on each day of the battle. Another important object of the Association was to erect mon- uments upon the field to mark the positions held or occupied by our troops. The State of Pennsylvania having a special interest began with commendable zeal to carry out these pur- poses, and with generous appropriations of upwards of $150,- 000 constructed and erected about 120 monuments in 1887-8. Massachusetts also was awake and erected monuments among the first. And the survivors of the 20th Maine erected a fine monument on Little Round Top in 1886. Agitation of the project of having monuments to Maine regiments began in Maine at regimental reunions and in Grand Army posts in the summer of 1886, and steps were taken to bring the matter before the next legislature. The first active movement with a well-matured plan was initiated by the writer, who procured the introduction of a memorial into the legis- lature, at its session in 1887. Others followed. A public hearing before the Committee on Military Affairs was given January 27, 1887, to the mover of the memorial and the other petitioners in the hall of the House of Representatives, at which MAINE GETTYSBURG COMMISSION. 587 hearing he urged a liberal appropriation, assisted by Major G. T. Stevens, Gen. Selden Connor, Gen. C. W. Tilden, Gen. C. P. Mattocks, Gen. Geo. L. Beal, Col. C. B. Merrill, Col. Edward Moore, Col. H. R. Millett, Major H. S. Melcher, Major A. R. Small, Major W. H. Green, Lieut. H. N. Fair- banks, Capt. P. M. Fogler, Capt. J. M. Webb and others. The committee made a favorable report, and a Resolve, c. 29, approved February 25, 1887, granted $2,500 for the purchase of land and $12,500 for the erection of monuments. The Resolve provided that the appropriation should be expended under the direction of a Commission of sixteen members, including’ the Governor and also one member of each regi- ment, battery, battalion, company or staff officer, who were present at the battle, to be appointed by the Governor. The expenses of the Commission were fixed at $1,000, and the monuments were to be completed and erected on or before November 1, 1890. Col. Edward Moore and Major W. H. Green of the 17th regiment, also Hon. J. W. Wakefield Quartermaster of the 19th regiment, who were members of the legislature at that and subsequent sessions, gave their personal attention and influence in procuring the necessary appropria- tions. Their timely and forcible speeches were efficient with the legislature. The Commissioners appointed, and their successors, are as follows : — LIST OF MAINE GETTYSBURG COMMISSIONERS. The Governor of Maine (ex officio ) . Brevet Brig. -Gen. Charles Hamlin, Vol. Staff. Brevet Brig. -Gen. James A. Hall, 2d Battery (deceased) . Brevet Brig. -Gen. Charles W. Tilden, 16th Regiment. Brevet Major Greenlief T. Stevens, 5th Battery. Col. Moses B. Lakeman, 3d Regiment. Col. Elijah Walker, 4th Regiment. Lieut. -Col. Charles B. Merrill, 17th Regiment (deceased). Capt. Geo. W. Verrill (to succeed Col. Merrill), 17th Regt. Brevet Major-Gen. Joshua L. Chamberlain, 20th Regiment. Brevet Brig. -Gen. Francis E. Heath, 19th Regt. (deceased). Capt. Charles E. Nash (to succeed Gen. Heath) 19th Regt. 588 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. Brevet Major Edwin B. Dow, 6th Battery. Brevet Brig. -Gen. Clark S. Edwards, 5th Regiment. Brevet Brig. -Gen. Benjamin F. Harris, 6th Regt. (resigned) . Lt.-Col. Alexander B. Sumner (to succeed Gen. Harris) 6th Regiment. Brig. -Gen. Seldeu Connor, 7th Regiment (resigned). Brevet Brig. -Gen. Thomas W. Hyde (to succeed Gen. Connor), 7th Regiment. Brevet Major-Gen. Charles H. Smith 1st Cavalry (resigned) . Maj. Sidney W. Thaxter (to succeed Gen. Smith) ,1st Cav’y. Col. Jacob McClure, Company D, 2dU. S. S. S. (deceased). Lt.-Col. John D. Beardsley, 10th Battalion. In May, 1887, the Commission, excepting Colonel McClure, 2d U. S. Sharpshooters, and Colonel Beardsley, 10th Maine Battalion, met at Gettysburg and organized by the choice of Gov. J. R. Bodwell as president and Gen. B. F. Harris, secre- tary. An Executive Committee, consisting of Messrs. Hamlin, Stevens, Heath, Merrill and Smith, was also appointed at the same meeting, whose duties were to supervise the work of the Commission, receive designs, etc., for the monuments, contract for their construction and erection, arrange for their dedication, publish a report of their proceedings, and, in general, to have charge of all such matters pertaining to the Commission as may be done by an Executive Committee. The Commission then proceeded, with a representative of the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association, to designate upon the field and agree upon the location of monuments. The Executive Committee were further instructed to take charge of the location of the monuments of such commands as were not represented upon the field by their Commissioners, viz. : 10th Maine Battalion and Co. D, 2d U. S. Sharpshooters. The Executive Committee was organized at a meeting held June 18, 1887, at the Senate Chamber of the State Capitol, by the selection of Messrs. Hamlin and Stevens as chairman and secretary respectively. Subsequently Major Stevens was also elected treasurer and has acted as such. Gen. C. H. Smith not being able to attend the meetings of the Committee, he being Colonel of the 19th Infantry U. S. A. and absent from MONUMENT DESIGNS. 589 the state, sent in his resignation. This vacancy was filled by the appointment of Maj. Sidney W. Thaxter, who has since served with the Committee. The secretary was directed to issue a circular to each regi- ment, battalion and battery association, and to Co. D, 2d U. S. Sharpshooters to furnish the Committee with designs for mon- uments. These designs were ordered to be sent to the chair- man, who deposited them for safe keeping with Gen. B. F. Harris, custodian of public buildings, at the State House. The designs of the monuments of the 10th Battalion and Co. D, 2d U. S. Sharpshooters, were under the personal supervision of the chairman of the Executive Committee, assisted by General Tilden of the Hallowed Granite Works. During- this and the following year the Committee were engaged in supervising the designs and specifications of monuments ; procuring the approval of the legends, inscriptions, etc., by the Memorial Association ; procuring designs and specifications for monu- ments where none were furnished or were insufficient and incom- plete ; and contracting for their construction and erection. At its meeting February 22, 1888, at the Council Chamber in the State House, Augusta, the contract for the construction, transportation and erection of the monuments was awarded to the Hallowed Granite Works. And the chairman was directed to prepare a suitable petition to the next session of the legis- lature for an increase of appropriation necessary to complete the contract, defray the expenses of dedication, also furnish uniform flanking tablets or markers for such commands as might request them. Application was accordingly made to the legislature at its session in 1889 by the chairman of the Committee, assisted by Major Stevens, secretary, and an additional appropriation of $10,000 was granted by a Resolve, c. 136, approved Feb- ruary 12, 1889. During its sessions April 23, 1889, at the Council Chamber in the State House, the Committee voted to appropriate $200 in aid of the construction of the High Water Mark Monument, so that the 19th Maine regiment should have a suitable inscrip- tion thereon. 590 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. The chairman was empowered to appoint committees to arrange for the dedication exercises at Gettysburg. The fol- lowing appointments were made : Committee on Transporta- tion, Major Thaxter and General Heath ; Order of Exercises, Major Stevens and Colonel Merrill ; Invitations, Governor Burleigh and General Hamlin. The sum of $240 was appropriated for tablets for the 2d Maine Battery, and the 3d, 16th and 20th regiments. The secretary and Gen. C. W. Tilden, treasurer of the Hallowed Granite Works, were appointed a committee on unfinished legends. It was voted that the time for the dedication of the monu- ments be fixed on October 3, 1889. (See exercises of dedica- tion, page 545 ante.) General J. L. Chamberlain was selected to preside as President of the day. Gen. Selden Connor was invited to accompany the Commission and deliver an oration at the dedication exercises. The chairman and secretary, at the session of the Committee, September 21, 1889, were requested to prepare a report of the Commission, and to incor- porate in it photographs of the monuments and such other views as should be found desirable. In 1890 the Committee held a session July 26th, at the Falmouth Hotel, Portland, to hear and consider requests of different officers relating to inscrip- tions on the monuments and other matters they desired to have appear in the report of the Committee, viz. : Col. Edward Moore, Col. H. R. Millett ; Capts. G. E. Brown and G. W. Verrill ; Lieutenants Hunt and Whittier. Voted to draw an order of $212 to pay for a bronze tablet on the monument of the 17th Maine regiment. At the session of the legislature in 1891 the following- account of appropriations and expenditures was made by the chairman and secretary of the committee : — ACCOUNT OF APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPENDITURES. APPROPRIATIONS. 1887. Resolves making provisions for monu- ments, purchasing land and improv- ing the same on the battlefield of Gettysburg, $ 15 , 000.00 1889. Maine Gettysburg Commission, 10,000.00 $ 25 , 000.00 APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPENDITURES. 591 1887. EXPENDITURES. October 7. Treasurer Gettysburg Battlefield Me- morial Association, as the State’s donation for land, $2,500.00 1888. December 29. Hallowell Granite Works, 4,000.00 December 29. J. R. Bodwell, for expenses of Com- mission to Gettysburg and return, May, 1887, 1,000.00 1889. April 29. Hallowell Granite Works, 6,000.00 September 28. Hallowell Granite Works, 5,000.00 September 2. Charles Hamlin, Chairman of Executive Committee, for expenses of Commis- sion and invited guests to dedicate monuments, October 3, 1889, 2,000.00 1890. January 2. Hallowell Granite Works, 2,000.00 March 26. Hallowell Granite Works, 500.00 1889. May 24. Traveling expenses of Messrs. Hamlin, Stevens, Thaxter, Heath and Merrill, Executive Committee, to date, 126.94 1890. October 6. Tablet for 17th Regiment, as approved by the Gettysburg Association, 212.50 October 6. Paid for clerk hire, 50.00 December 31. Amount not drawn, and reverted into treasury, 1,610.54 $25,000.00 At this session of the legislature in 1891, by a Resolve, c. 125, approved April 3d, the sum of $5,000 was granted for the following purposes : — $200.00 19th Maine Regiment (High Water Mark Monument). 25.00 Change of flanking stones of 5th Battery, Seminary Heights. 150.00 Change location and legend of monument of 5th Maine Regiment. 203.00 Balance due Hallowell Granite Works. 300.00 17th Maine Regiment tablet or monument for July 3d, etc. 150.00 Accrued expenses of Executive Committee. 64.00 Photo, negatives of monuments. 3,600.00 Printing and binding reports. 308.00 Prospective incidental expenses of Executive Committee. The death of Col. Charles B. Merrill, April 5, 1891, created a vacancy in the Commission and Committee, and it was filled May 12, 1891, by the appointment of Capt. George W. Verrill, who has since served with the Committee. At the session of the Committee September 4, 1891, among 592 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. other business it was voted to draw a warrant of $300 to pay for the tablet of the 17th Maine regiment, a design for the same to mark its position on the third day having been submitted and approved. Each member of the Maine Gettysburg Com- mission was requested to furnish the Committee on or before December 1, 1891, a report of what they desired relating to their own regiment, batteiy, etc., to appear in the Committee’s report. The secretary was directed to send to each member of the Commission a copy of the material relating to his com- mand then in possession of the secretary prepared by Asher C. Hinds of the Portland Press. The secretary furnished the materials above called for, but much time elapsed in procuring responses from the regimental and battery associations. The chairman of the Committee made repeated calls upon those interested to furnish the desired information, but failed to procure it. From several Commis- sioners he failed to elicit a reply. This fact will account for the reason why several of the chapters and articles in Part I. of this volume have been prepared by persons who were not members of the regiment or battery in question ; and the delay in part in finishing the report of the Committee. Other Com- missioners, however, have earnestly assisted in the work. In the meantime it became apparent that the material on hand was not sufficient to make a book of desirable size and worthy of publication as a suitable report. After some further delay and discussion it was decided to incorporate two new features in the book that, it is believed, will make it of value and interest to all the survivors of the battle of Gettysburg, as well as the families and friends of all who fell upon that field. These new features are, first, a list of men and officers who participated in the battle, with a list of casualties ; and second, a historical sketch of each regiment, battalion, battery or other Maine organization that served in the Gettysburg campaign. The committee are indebted to Capt. C. E. Nash for susfffestinff some of these new features. He has since been appointed a member of the Commission in place of Genl. F. E. Heath, whose death occurred December 20, 1897. The lists of participants and casualties, excepting those of EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE WORK. 593 the 4th, 16th and 17th regiments, were prepared primarily by Maj. Charles J. House, of Augusta. The data from which these lists were made are in the office of the Adjutant-General of Maine, the best records available after all access to the rolls and records of the War Department, at Washington, was found on application to be beyond our power. While some errors will doubtless be found in these lists of names, it is believed they are as accurate as research and personal inquiry, after the lapse of so many years, can make them. Any one discovering errors in these lists, which are liable to occur, especially in initials, owing to disparities in the records, is requested to notify the Executive Committee at once. Some use has been made of the Volunteer Army Register issued August 31, 1865, by the War Department, in preparing the rosters at the close of the historical sketches. But that compilation has been found to be unreliable, and the editors of this volume have endeavored to verify and correct from other sources whatever errors they have found in it. In 1893, at the session of the legislature for that year, by a Resolve, c. 217, approved March 28, $200 was granted to Dow’s 6th Maine battery, and $150 to Co. D, 2d U. S. Sharp- shooters, that they might have a proper place and suitable inscription on the High Water Mark Monument. The descrip- tion of that monument given on page 537 ante shows how the appropriations have been applied. In 1894 the Committee be°:an to arrange some of the details of publication of its report, including the half-tone illustrations of the monuments. In expectation of receiving the materials from the Commissioners, already alluded to, the chairman was authorized to arrange the material for publication and to employ necessary assistance. Major Stevens and Captain Verrill were appointed a committee on illustrations, binding, etc. In 1895 no further application for money was made to the legislature, and the Committee held only two sessions. At the meeting held August 14, 1895, at the office of Captain Verrill in Portland, Major Stevens submitted his report as treasurer. Captain Verrill was authorized to procure plate and proofs of a design for maps. The chairman reported upon the progress 594 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. made in procuring lists of participants and casualties. At a later meeting held at the Bangor House, December 4, 1895, further progress was made relative to the map of the first day by Captain Verrill ; particularly as to showing the locations of the 16th Maine regiment. In 1896 the Committee held two meetings at which the maps as prepared by Captain Verrill, being the first, second and third days of the battle and in colors, also one of the cavalry battle, and diagrams showing the positions of the 3d, 4th, 17th and 20th regiments on the second day of the battle were approved and adopted. Historical sketches of 1st cavalry, by Lieutenant Tobie, and 5th Maine battery, by Major Stevens, were read and adopted, to be printed subject to the supervision of the Committee. Captain Verrill was also appointed co-editor with the chairman, and he was authorized to negotiate and make a contract with The Lakeside Press for printing and binding. In 1897 the Committee held three sessions at the Court House in Augusta, and devoted their time to reading and examining the various papers submitted by the Commissioners of regiments, batteries, battalions, etc. After such changes, corrections, etc., as were needful, the papers were deposited with the chairman to be edited by him and his associate, Cap- tain Verrill. The chairman was requested to apply to the Commissioners of the Gettysburg National Park, successors to the Memorial Association, for authority to erect tablets to mark the positions of the 3d and 4th Maine regiments in support of the 2d corps during Longstreet’s assault, July 3d. Also to apply to the legislature for an appropriation for the same and any other money needed for the purposes of the Commission. Designs by Colonels Lakeman and Walker for these tablets were submitted by the Hallowed Granite Works and approved. A contract for their construction and erection was awarded that company after an appropriation had been granted as stated below and authority for the location obtained from the Park Commissioners . The legislature at its session in 1897, on the application of the chairman and secretary, granted an appropriation of $200 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE WORK. 595 each for tablets for the 3d and 4th Maine, as requested. See c. 139 and c. 140, Resolves of 1897. And on their application, by Resolve, c. 232, approved March 25, 1897, a further appropriation of $750 was granted for completing the work of the Commission, $400 being for incidental expenses incurred by the Committee, and $350 towards an additional 1,000 copies of the report. It should be stated here that the estimate in 1897 of the cost of an edition of 3,000 volumes, proposed to lie published, was based upon a book containing about 500 pages. The two appropriations granted accordingly would have been sufficient, it is believed, for the purpose ; but the volume will contain over 600 pages besides two additional illustrations, — the tab- lets of the 3d and 4th regiments. Hence, by reason of the increased cost of the volume, the funds available are not suffi- cient to bind the entire edition of 3,000 copies in leather as contemplated. A portion of the edition has therefore been placed in paper covers, part of which going to the Commis- sioners and part to the State Library. The appropriations for expenses of the Commission being exhausted, the transportation of the books falls upon those receiving them. In September, 1897, the Executive Committee met the Commissioners of the National Park and agreed upon the loca- tion of the tablets of the 3d and 4th Maine regiments. A hearing was granted upon request of Colonel Walker of the 4th Maine to change the location of the flanking stones of that regiment. These stones have since been relocated as requested by Colonel Walker. They also made an inspection of all the Maine monuments and found them in good condition except the 4th Maine, which standing in a depression on a large bowl- der at Devil’s Den was endangered by snow and water lodging under the base of the shaft. This has been corrected by cut- ting a channel in the top of the bowlder that permits the water to escape. The diamond badges in the sides of the shaft of this monument were found to have been fastened with gypsum and had become loose and were in danger of falling out. They have been reset and fastened with cement. 596 MAINE AT GETTYSBURG. The only matter remaining undisposed of by the U. S. Park Commissioners is an application made by the 17th Maine Association through this committee for a change in the course of Sickles’ Avenue, or a branch of the same, in the Wheatfield to delineate the line of battle held by this regiment ; if favor- ably acted upon, this will probably be followed by a request for the placing of a suitable marker to show an important position held by the 17th on that ground. In closing this report it is proper to state that no member of the Commission or of the Executive Committee has received any pecuniary compensation for the labor and time spent in the work of the Commission. After the monuments were erected and dedicated the principal duties of the Commissioners were accomplished ; but those of the Executive Committee, as will be seen, have remained unfinished. The collecting of the data necessary to a full report made in the manner adopted has required more time than was anticipated, but the result justifies, it is believed, the delay and expense. Each legislature that has appropriated money in aid of the Commission has approved the method adopted in bringing together the materials of the report ; and the plan of the book has had the commendation of the Military Committees. The chairman of the Executive Committee desires to express the high sense of obligation he is under to his associates, espe- cially to Maj. G. T. Stevens, the secretary and treasurer; also to the assistant editor, Capt. G. W. Verrill, for preparing the four maps in colors, diagrams to show the changes in location of regiments during the three days of the battle, revising lists of men and officers present, the casualties and the officers’ rosters, besides editing, arranging and preparing papers for the Committee and the printer, and in connection with proof- reading and other work. In reproducing an account of the battle on the second day along the front of the 1st division (Birney) of the 3d corps, his intimate knowledge and study of the movements of both armies have added to its historic value. INDEX Addresses and Orations. Burleigh, Edwin C.— Dedication 561 Chamberlain, Joshua L. — 16th Maine 63—, Dedication 646 Connor, Selden,— Oration, Dedication 564 Edwards, Clark S.— Regimental dedication 373 Hamlin, Charles— Dedication 560 Hobson, William, — Oration, regimental dedication 217 Krautli, John M. — Receiving Maine monuments 562 Lincoln, Abraham,— Dedication of Soldiers Cemetery 585 Moore, Edward, — Regimental dedication 211 Smith, Charles H.— Regimental dedication 481 Walker, Elijah,— Regimental dedication 176 Appropriations by Maine. For monuments, markers, etc., at Gettysburg 587, 589-591, 593-595 For Soldiers National Cemetery and Monument at Gettysburg 582 Authors, Authorities. See Contributors. Table of Contents VII Badges, distinguishing troops 151 Battle of Gettysburg— (Also see Gettysburg) l Battles, lists of— See the organizations under Gettysburg. Batteries, Hall’s, Stevens’, and Dow’s— (See Gettysburg) 14, 80, 325 Fourth Maine mentioned 241, 336 Seventh Maine mentioned 125 Casualties— See Maine organizations under Gettysburg. At Gettysburg, Summary of Maine 542 Cavalry Field 470 Cemetery, Soldiers National at Gettysburg 582 Cemetery Hill 7, 89 Chambersburg Pike 16 Commissioners, Maine Gettysburg HI, 587 History and work of 586 Committee, Executive, Maine Gettysburg Commission III, 588 Summary of its work 586 Contents, table of VII Contracts, for monuments and markers 589 , 594 For printing and binding Report 594 Contributors — Original matter for this publication See also table of Contents VII Beardsley, John D. 519, 523 Belcher, S. Clifford 41 Bragdon, Edward P. M. 526 Chamberlain, Joshua L. 63’ 2G0 Clark, Charles A. 397, 414 Cole, Henry F. 522 Connor, Selden 43 8 Edwards, Clark S. 373 Gould, John M. 518, 531 Hall, James A. 15-23 Hamlin, Charles R 2G > 334, 405, 586 Hinds, Asher C. 592 House, Charles J. 593 598 Hunt, Charles O. Johnson, Hannibal A. Lakeman, Moses B. Miller, Samuel L.— quotation Pratt, Gustavus C.— foot-note Prince, Howard L.— quotation, foot-note Small, Abner R. Stevens, Greenlief T. Tarr, James F. Tildeu, Charles W. Tilden, C. K. Tohie, Edward P. Twitchell, Adelbert B. Verrill, George W. Walker, Elijah Whitmore George L. Whittier, Edward N. Wiggin, Francis Copse of Trees Culp’s Hill Dedication of Maine Monuments. (See regimental dedications under Gettysburg.) Order of the day and exercises 545 Address by Gen. J. L. Chamberlain 546 Prayer by Rev. Theodore Gerrisli 559 Address by Gen. Charles Hamlin 560 Address by Governor Edwin C. Burleigh 561 Address by Major J. M. Krauth 562 Oration by Gen. Selden Connor 564 Prayer and Benediction by Rev. G. R. Palmer 580 Devil’s Den 160, 194, 251 Dow’s Battery— Also see Gettysburg 325 114 128 128-135 259 197 258 46 82-92, 103 522 42 45 487 29 193, 194, 197, 223, 582 164, 176, 186 292 92 66 313, 538 7, 89 Editors 594 Executive Committee of Maine Commissioners III, 588 Expenditures 591, 595 Generals, Maine 540 Gettysburg. Battle of 1 Maine artillery, infantry and cavalry in battle of, in numerical order: Second (Hall’s) Battery Monument and marker Engagement, Participants and Casualties lists Historical Sketch Roster of Officers Mentioned 14, 21 15-25 26 35 4, 6, 13, 82, 104, 151, 590 Battles! and skirmishes 27: Cross Keys 27, Cedar Mountain 28, Rappahannock , Thoroughfare Gap 28, Second Bull Run , Chantilly 29, Fredericksburg 30, Chan- cellorsville 32, Gettysburg 15, 32, Wilderness , Spotsylvania 33, North Anna 27, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor 34, Petersburg 34. Fifth (Stevens’) Battery Monument and marker Engagement, Participants and Casualties lists Historical Sketch Roster of Officers Mentioned 80, 86, 95 82-103 103 124 4, 7, 11, 13, 29, 65, 290, 570, 574 Battles and skirmishes : Rappahannock 103, Thoroughfare Gap 104, Second Bull Run 29, 104, Fredericksburg 105, Chancellor sville 107, Gettysburg 82, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna ill, Cold Harbor 112, Petersburg 114, Opequan 117, Fisher’s Hill 120, Cedar Creek 121. 599 Sixth (Dow’s) Battery Monument 325, 334 Engagement, Participants and Casualties lists 326-334 Historical Sketch 334 Roster of Officers 346 Mentioned 5, 10, 13, 290, 573, 593 Battles and skirmishes: Cedar Mountain 336, Rappahannock Station, Sulphur Springs, Blackburn’s Ford 336, Second Bull Run 336, Chantilly 337, Antietam 338, Gettysburg 326, 340, Mine Run 341, Wilderness 342, Spotsylvania 343, North Anna, Cold Harbor 344, Petersburg 344, 346, Deep Bottom 345. Third (Lakeman’s) Regiment Monument and marker 126, 129, 132 Diagram showing position 197 Engagement, Participants and Casualties lists 127-145 Itinerary, Gettysburg campaign 135 Historical Sketch 145 Roster of Officers 156 Mentioned 4, 9, 10, 13, 167, 178, 194, 197, 236, 238, 290, 571, 590, 594 Battles and skirmishes: Bull Run 147, Yorktown 148, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Seven Pines 148, White Oak Swamp , Charles City Cross Roads, Malvern Hill 149, Second Bull Run 149, Chantilly 150, Mouth of Monocacy 150, Fredericksburg 151, Cedars, Chancellor sville 152, Gettysburg 127, 153, Wapping Heights 153, Auburn, Kelly’s Ford, Locust {or Orange) Grove, Mine Run 154, Wilderness 154, Spotsyl- variia, Fredericksburg Road, North Anna, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor 155. Fourth (Walker’s) Regiment Monument and marker 158, 167, 176 Diagrams showing positions 194, 251 Engagement, Participants and Casualties lists 159-176 Dedication of monument, address of Colonel Walker 176 Historical Sketch 176, 186 Roster of Officers 188 Mentioned 4, 9, 10, 13, 127, 147, 148, 153, 218, 232, 234, 235, 252, 290, 351, 571, 593, 594, 595 Battles and skirmishes: Bull Run 177, Yorktown 177, Williamsburg, Seven Pines, Fair Oaks, White Oak Swamp, Glendale 177, Malvern Hill 178, Second Bull Run, Chantilly 178, Mouth of Monocacy 178, Fredericksburg 179, Cedars, Chancellors- ville 179, Gettysburg 159, 179, Wapping Heights 153, 183, Auburn, Kelly’s Ford, Locust {or Orange) Grove, Mine Run 183, Wilderness, Po River 183, Spotsylvania 185, Fredericksburg Road 237, North Anna, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor 185. Fifth (Edwards’) Regiment Monument Engagement, Participants list Dedication of monument Address of Brevet Brig.-Gen. Edwards Poem of Helen S. Packard Historical Sketch Roster of Officers Mentioned 364 365-373 373 373 385 373, 390 393 4, 12, 13, 112, 236, 421, 463, 576 Battles and skirmishes : Bull Run 374, West Point 375, Chickahominy 375, Gaines’ Mill, Golding’s Farm, Charles City Cross Roads, Malvern Hill 375, Crampton’s Gap, Antietam 376, Fredericksburg, Second Fredericksburg, Salem Church or Chancellor sville 377, Gettysburg 365, 378, Funkstown, Williamsport 379, Rappahan- nock Station 379, Locust Grove, Mine Run 380, Wilderness, 381, Spotsylvania 381-383, North Anna, Cold Harbor 383, Petersburg 383. Sixth (Burnham’s) Regiment Monument 395 Engagement, Participants list 396-405 Historical Sketch 405 Roster of Officers 427 600 Mentioned 4, 13, 231, 236, 380, 381, 443, 463, 576 Battles and skirmishes: Yorktown, Lee’s Mills 408, Williamsburg 408, Garnett’s Farm 408, Savage Station 410, White Oak Bridge 411, Crampton’s Gap, Antietam 413, Fredericksburg 413, Marge’s Heights 414, Salem Church, Brooks’ Ford 416, Gettysburg 396, 418, Funkstown, Williamsport 418, Rappahannock Station 419, Locust Grove, Mine Run 426, Wilderness, Spotsylvania 427, Cold Harbor 427, Petersburg 427. Seventh (Connor’s) Regiment Monument 430 Engagement, Participants and Casualties lists 431-438 Historical Sketch 438 Roster of Officers 466 Mentioned 4, 10, 13, 236, 575 Battles and skirmishes: Yorktown 442, Williamsburg 443, Mechanicsville 445, Gaines’ Mill 446, White Oak Swamp 447, Crampton’s Pass, Antietam 449, Second Fredericksburg or Marye’s Heights 453, Banks’ Ford 455, Gettysburg 431, 456, Brandy Station 458, Locust Grove, Mine Run 458, Wilderness 459, Spotsylvania 460, Cold Harbor 461, Petersburg 461, Fort Stevens 462, Opequon Creek 463, Fisher’s Hill 463. First Veteran battles : Cedar Creek 464, Petersburg 464, Appomattox 465- Tenth Maine (Beardsley’s) Battalion Monument 517 Engagement, Participants list 518-530 Historical Sketch (including 1st, 10th, 29th regts.) 531 Roster of Officers of 10th regiment 535 Mentioned 4, 13, 589 Battles and skirmishes (includes 1st, 10th, 29th regts.) : Winchester 532, Cedar Mountain 533, Antietam 533, Sabine Cross Roads, Pleasant Hill, Cane River Cross ing 534, Opequon Creek, Fisher’s Hill, Cedar Creek 534. Sixteenth (Tilden’s) Regiment Monument and marker Diagram of positions Engagement, Participants and Casualties lists Historical Sketch Roster of Officers Address of Gen. Chamberlain 37, 42, 44 45 38-62 66 76 63 Mentioned 4, 6, 13, 15, 82, 236, 285, 570, 590, 593 Battles and skirmishes : Fredericksburg 69, Chancellorsville 71, Gettysburg 38, 71, Mine Run 72, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna 73, Totopotomy, Bethesda Church 73, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, 73, 74, Hatcher’s Run 74, White Oak Road, Five Forks 74, Appomattox 75. Seventeenth (Merrill’s) Regiment Monument and marker Diagrams of positions Engagement, Participants and Casualties lists Dedication of monument Prayer of Rev. C. G. Holyoke Address of Brevet Lieut.-Col. Moore Poem of Captain Verrill Oration of Brevet Brig.-Gen. Hobson Historical Sketch Roster of Officers 190, 191, 193, 200 194, 197 192-210 210 210 211 215 217 223 246 Mentioned 4, 9, 13, 162, 176, 184, 290, 362, 571, 590, 592, 596 Battles and skirmishes: Fredericksburg 227, The Cedars, Chancellorsville 228, Gettysburg 192, 229, Wapping Heights, Auburn 230, Kelly’s Ford, Locust Grove , Mine Run 231, Wilderness 233, Po River, Spotsylvania, "Salient ” 235, Fredericks- burg Road, North Anna, Totopotomy 237, Cold Harbor 238, Petersburg Assaults 238, Jerusalem Road 239, Deep Bottom 240, Peebles’ Farm, Fort Hell 241, Boydton Road 241, Infantry Raid 242, Hatcher’s Run 242, Fall of Petersburg 244, Deatons- ville, Sailor Creek 244, Farmville, Appomattox 245. 601 Nineteenth (Heath’s) Regiment Monument Engagement, Participants and Casualties lists Historical Sketch Roster of Officers Mentioned 289, 295 290-310 310 322 4, 12, 13, 185, 236, 330, 573, 576, 589 Battles and skirmishes 321 : Fredericksburg 312, Chaucellorsville 313, Gettysburg 290, 313, Bristoe Station 314, Mine Run 315, Wilderness 315, Spotsylvania 315, North Anna, Totopotomy 315, Cold Harbor 316, Petersburg, Deep Bottom, Strawberry Plains 316, Reams' Station 318, Boydton Road 319, Hatcher's Run 320, Fall of Petersburg, High Bridge 321, Farmville, Appomattox 322. Twentieth (Chamberlain’s) Regiment Monuments Diagram of positions Engagement, Participants and Casualties lists Historical Sketch The Last Act Roster of Officers 249, 250 251 252-272 273 286 287 Mentioned 4, 10, 13, 164, 246, 290, 420, 422, 572, 590 Battles and skirmishes: Antietam 274, Shepherdstown Ford 275, Fredericksburg 275, Chaucellorsville, Middleburg 276, Gettysburg 252, 276, Shaipsburg Pike 278, Rappahannock Station 278, Mine Ran 279, Wilderness 279, Spotsylvania 280, North Anna, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor 281, Petersburg, Jerusalem Road, Weldon Railroad, Peebles’ Farm 281, Infantry Raid, Hatcher’s Run, Quaker Road, Grav- elly Run, Five Forks 282, Appomattox Court House 283. First (Smith’s) Cavalry Regiment Monument 469, 481 Engagement, Participants and Casualties lists 470-481 Dedication of monument 481 Address of Brevet Maj.-Gen. Smith 481 Poem of Lieut. Tobie 486 Historical Sketch 487 Roster of Officers 514 Mentioned 4, 13, 576 Battles and skirmishes: Middletown, Winchester, Cedar Mountain 490, Second Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg 491, Stoneman's Raid 491, Rappahannock Station, Brandy Station, Aldie, Middleburg , Upperville 492-497. Gettysburg 470, 497, Shepardstown, Sulphur Springs 498, Mine Run 499, Dahlgren Raid, Old Church, Todd’s Tavern 500, Beaver Dam, Ground Squirrel Church Bridge 501, Fortifications of Richmond 502, Hawes’ Shop, Cold Harbor, Trevillian Station 503, St. Mary’s Church 504, Deep Bottom 505, Reams’ Station 506, Wyatt’s Farm 507, Boydton Road 508, Bellefield, Hatcher’s Run, Dinwiddie Court House 509, Deatonsville 511, Sailor’s Creek, High Bridge, Farmville 512, Appomattox Court House 513. Company D, Second U. S. Sharpshooters Monument Engagement, Participants and Casualties lists Historical Sketch Roster of Officers 348 349-353 354 362 Mentioned 10, 13, 160, 162, 255, 258, 589, 593 Battles and skirmishes : Rappahannock Station 356, Sulphur Springs, Gainesville or Grovetom 51 , Second Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam 358, Fredericksburg 359, The Cedars, Chaucellorsville 359, Gettysburg 349, 360, Wapping Heights, Auburn, Kelly’s Ford, Locust Grove, Mine Run, Wilderness, Po River, Spotsyl- vania, Fredericksburg Pike, North Anna, Totopotomy , Cold Harbor, P etersburg, Jerusalem Road, Deep Bottom , Peebles’ Farm, Boydton Road, Hatcher’ s Run 361, Maine Generals, Staff and other additional Officers, at battle 540 Summaries of Maine Participants and Casualties 542 Dedication of Maine monuments by Maine 545 602 Hall’s Battery — A lso see Gettysburg 14 High Water Mark Monument 637 Illustrations— S ee Maps, also Monuments Lincoln’s Address 685 Losses at Gettysburg, Maine troops 642 Maine Dead, buried at Gettysburg 683 Maine Gettysburg Commission III, 587 Its History and Work Maine Troops, at Gettysburg (See Regiments and Batteries under Gettysburg) 686 Additional participating Officers 640 Summaries of Participants and Casualties 542 Maps of the Battle G, 8, 11, 12, 45, 194, 197, 251 Militia Companies mentioned Monuments and Markers. (See the Maine organizations given under Gettysburg) 145, 354, 531, 533 High Water Mark Monument 537 National Cemetery Monument Frontispiece General dedication by Maine, and transfer ceremonies 545 Officers, Maine, additional to Maine organizations Orations— S ee Addresses and 640 Participants— S ee Maine organizations under Gettysburg Additional participating Officers 640 Summary of Maine 642 Peach Orchard 131 Pickett’s Charge 295, 538 Plum Run Poems at Dedications. 160 Packard, Helen S. 385 Tobie, Edward P. 486 Verrill, George W. 215 Powers’ Hill Prayers at Dedications. 456, 520, 575 Gerrish, Theodore 559 Holyoke, Charles G. 210 Palmer, G. R. 580 Preface V Regiments— S ee Gettysburg for those at that battle 1st Maine Heavy Artillery mentioned 237, 239, 240, 246, 362 1st Maine Sharpshooters battalion mentioned 285, 286, 363 1st Maine Veterans mentioned 392, 427, 464, 466 1st D. C. Cavalry Maine companies mentioned 488, 507 2d Maine (infantry) mentioned 252 10th Maine mentioned 224 llth Maine mentioned 354 31st Maine mentioned 236 32d Maine mentioned 236, 241, 541 Rock Creek 575 Round Tops, Little and Big 251, 254, 259 Seminary Heights 46, 83 Staff Officers 640 Stevens’ Knoll 571 Stevens’ Battery— A lso see Gettysburg 80 Summaries of Participants and Casualties 542 “Valley of Death” 182 Wheatfield 192, 194, 197, 251