il^^' 'l-h fjftij Iri rj^aitix^.pjj^j f t! It iUwiUi /jnjjiiJiiJ WMiM mimmm nhufyli i0l3phj §$!jiMMH ?i//,’i/l-'j- R^^;f Ui Rer'H 1! \AA4y ie U-^ .1 L PARKS ND )AD CONNECTIONS DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR US'l iO'P School of NATIONAL PARKS PORTFOLIO INTRODUCTION C) build a railroad, reclaim lands, give new impulse to enterprise, and offer new doors to ambitious capital — these are phases of the ever-widening life and activitv of this Nation. The United States, however, does more; it furnishes playgrounds to the peo- ple which are, we ma}" modestly state, without any rivals in the world. Just as the cities are seeing the wisdom and necessity of open spaces for the chil- dren, so with a very large view the Nation has been saving from its domain the rarest places of grandeur and beauty for the enjo3'ment of the world. And this fact has been discovered by many onl\', this year. Having an incentive in the expositions on the Pacific coast, and Europe being closed, thousands have for the first time crossed the continent and seen one or more of the national parks. That such mountains and glaciers, lakes and canjmns, forests and waterfalls were to be found in this countiy was a revelation to many who had heard but had not believed. It would appear from the ex- perience of the past }"ear that the real awakening as to the value of these parks has at last been realized, and that those who have hitherto found themselves enticed bj^ the beauty of the Alps and the Rhine and the soft loveliness of the valleys of France m_a}" find equal if not more stimulating satisfaction in the mountains, rivers, and valleys which this Government has set apart for them and for all others. It ma}^ reconcile those who think that monet'' expended upon such luxuries is wasted — if an}" such there are — to be told that the sober-minded traffic men of the railroads estimate that last t'ear more than a hundred million dollars usually spent m European travel was divided among the railroads, hotels, and their supporting enterprises m this countn". There is no reason wh}" this nation should not make its public health and scenic domain as available to all its citizens as Switzerland and Italy make CONTENTS Yellowstone National Park 1 he Land of Wonders — Threefold Personality — Geysers Spout and Steaming \apors Rise — Many Colored Canyon — Greatest Animal Refuge — Animals Really at Home — I he Paradise of Anglers — Living in the Yellowstone. "WhSEMiTE National Park Land of Enchantment — 1 he Valley Incomparable — Charm of the Scenic Wild — Living m theWilderness — I loga Road — North of the Valley’s Rim — Mad Waters of J uolumne — d he Everlasting Snows. Sequoia National Park Land of Giant I rees — I he Biggest Thing Alive — The Oldest Thing Alive — Other People’s Se o H Q H D O Ph C/!) CD P£^ CD >- a H i]raph by II. C. Tihhids The Celebrated Kings River Canyon Photograph by II. C. Tibbitts Kaweah Peaks Near the Canyon of the Kern Photograph hy H. C. Tihhitts Middle Fork of the Kings River Photograph by H. C. Tibbitts University Peak from Kearsarge Pass Photograph by Lindley Eddy THE FALT This trunk measures 288 feet. Sequoia wood is almost indestruct c N GIANT ; by fire. This tree may have been prostrate for many centuries Photograph by C. H. Hamilton An Aged Juniper Sequoia is the park of big trees of many kinds; and it is the park of birds “THE GREATER SEQUOIA” NE cannot think or speak of the Sequoia National Park without including the extraordinary scenic country lying beyond its bound- aries to the north and east. Not that there is much in common between the two, for the park marks the supremacy of forest lux- uriance and the outlying countr}^ the supremacy of rock-sculptured canyon and snowy summit. And yet there is the common note of supremacy, each of its own kind. And there is the common note of continuity, for, from the lowest valley of the wooded park to the peak of our loftiest height. Mount Whitney, na- ture’s painting runs the gamut. The parts are indivisible; to separate them is to cut in two the canvas of the Master. And so it is that those who know this land of exuberant climax have come to call it ‘‘The Greater Sequoia” m order to express not the part limited by the park’s official title but the whole as God made it. There is a bill now before Congress to enlarge the park boundaries so that the}^ shall inclose it all. Photograph by H. C. Tibbitts The Golden Trout Creek The trout caught in this stream are brilliantly golden. They are found nowhere else in the world except where transplanted from this stream Photograph by H. C. Tibbitts Scene on Rock Creek, One of the Finest Trout Streams in America Photograph by J. N. LeConte Tehipite Dome, 3000 Feet Sheer Above the Kings River KINGS AND KERN CANYONS ELL outside the park’s boundaries and overlooking it from the east, the amazing, craggy Sierra gives birth in glacial chambers to two noble rivers. A hundred thousand rivulets trickle from the everlasting snows; ten thousand resultant brooks roar down the rocky slopes; hundreds of resultant streams swell their turbulent, trout- haunted currents. One of these rivers, the Kings, flows west, paralleling the northern boundarj^ of the park. The other, the Kern, flows south, paralleling its eastern boundary. The Kings River Canyon and the Canyon of the Kern are practically matchless for the wild quality of their beauty and the majesty of their setting. 1 he traveler goes home to plan his return, for this is a country whose peculiar charm lays an enduring clutch upon desire. ^‘The Greater Sequoia” has few visitors 3 ^et — but they are worshippers. Unlike many areas of extreme rocky character, this is not specially difficult to travel; it curiously adapts itself to trails. It is an ideal land for the camper. But one must go well equipped. There must be good guides, good horses, and plenty of warm clothing. The difference here between a good and an in- dift'erent equipment is the difference between satisfaction and misery. Photograph by C. //. Hamilton Army Pass in July; on the Crest of the Sierra About Ten Miles South of Mount Whitney Photograph by H. C. Tibbitts Here the Sierra Has Massed Her Mountains; Tumbled Them Wilfully, Recklessly, Into One Titanic, Sprawling Heap HH o H C/D W HH H to O O St C/!) w Pi U c/:) rs < Pi Pi w C/D H C/5 OJ G r3 (U Tjd a; t^jO u-< o G O 1 3 CO 1 C4-^ 1 .s o * ^ G35 O u GG o CO c/3 Ut G 4-* (D u. cu G O JG CO u CJ 4-J G CJ 4-J CO CJ G CJ U| CJ Cl, c/3 o CO > Oh 3 O in G OJ OJ o G 3 4-J G i-M . #N o aj ■| G H c CO G CO -3 ■u c/3 o; HD e 3 CO Visal CJ G u 4-> 1 G ■M G G u O GG G CJ ern; G 4-> CJ g 4-> CJ G O C Oh G o c-t- CLh G CO CJ G c/3 ■M 1g o CO GG G CJ GG •w CJ JG +-> ►—1 O G ^4-. O 4-J CO u CJ to G G CJ G CJ CO P h> o QJ C J JG CO CJ CO 'So G C o G GG G ■M aj C CJ G3 s u O c CJ G O ■W G _o G G > c/3 ‘Sh CO G G G G r~; 4-J Q d o 0 >T « a ta Z 2 H ^ ^ s ^ w H 2 D O 'J'he Summit of Mount Whitney, Nearly Three Miles High Photograph by Emerson Hough Summit of Mount Whitney. The Stone Shelter on Mount Whitney’s Summit THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE Arranged chronologically in the order of their creation [Number, 14; Total Area, 7,290 Square Miles] NATIONAL PARK and Dale LOCATION AREA in square miles DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS Hot Springs Reser- vation 1832 Middle •Arkansas iK 46 hot springs possessing curative properties — Many hotels and boarding-houses in adjacent city of Hot Springs — bath-houses under public control. Yellowstone 1872 North- western Wyoming 00 More geysers than in all rest of world together — Boiling springs — Alud volcanoes — Petrified forests — Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, remarkable for gorgeous coloring — Large lakes — Many large streams and waterfalls — Vast wilderness inhabited by deer, elk, bison, moose, antelope, bear, mountain sheep, beaver, etc., constituting greatest wild bird and animal preserve in world — Altitude 6,000 to 11,000 feet — E.xceptional trout fishing. Yosemite 1890 Middle eastern California 1,125 Valley of world-famed beauty — Lofty cliffs — Romantic vistas — Llany waterfalls of extraordinary height — 3 groves of big trees — High Sierra — Large areas of snowy peaks — Waterwheel falls — Good trout fishing. Sequoia 1890 Middle eastern California 237 The Big Tree National Park — 12,000 sequoia trees over 10 feet in diameter, some 25 to 36 feet in diameter — Towering mountain ranges — Startling precipices — Fine trout fishing. General Grant 1890 Middle eastern California 4 Created to preserve the celebrated General Grant Tree, 35 feet in diameter — six miles from Sequoia National Park and under same management. Mount Rainier 1899 West central Washington 324 Largest accessible single-peak glacier system — 28 glaciers, some of large size — Forty-eight square miles of glacier, fifty to five hundred feet thick — Remarkable sub-alpine wild-flower fields. Crater Lake 1902 South- western Oregon 249 Lake of extraordinary blue in crater of extinct volcano, no inlet, no outlet — Sides 1,000 feet high — fnteresting lava for- mations — Fine trout fishing. Mesa Verde 1906 South- western Colorado 77 Most notable and best-preserved prehistoric cliff dwellings In LInited States, if not in the world. Platt 1906 Southern Oklahoma Sulphur and other springs possessing curative properties — • L’nder Government regulations. Glacier 1910 North- western Montana I.S 34 Rugged mountain region of unsurpassed Alpine character — 250 glacier-fed lakes of romantic beauty — 60 small glaciers — Peaks of unusual shape — Precipices thousands of feet deep — Almost sensational scenery of marked individuality — Fine trout fishing. Rocky Mountain 1915 North middle Colorado 3 S 8 Heart of the Rockies — Snowy range, peaks 11,000 to 14,250 feet altitude — Remarkable records of glacial period. National Parks of less popular interest are: Sully’s Hill, 1904, North Dakota Wind Cave, 1903, South Dakota Casa Grande Ruin, 1892, Arizona V/ooded hilly tract on Devil’s Lake. Large natural cavern. Prehistoric Indian ruin. HOW TO REACH THE NATIONAL PARKS The map shows the location of all of our National Parks and their principal railroad connections. I he traveler may work out his routes to suit himself. Low round-trip excursion fares to the American Rocky Mountain region and Pacific Coast may be availed of in visiting the National Parks during their respective seasons, thus materially reducing the cost of the trip. Trans- continental through trams and branch lines make the Parks easy of access from all parts of the United States. For schedules and excursion fares to and between the National Parks write to the Passenger Departments of the railroads which appear on the above map, as follows: Arizona Eastern Railroad - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Tucson, Ariz. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway 1119 Railway Exchange, Chicago, 111 . Chicago & North Western Railway ------- 226 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, III. Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. - - - - 547 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111 . Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway ------- Railway Exchange, Chicago, 111 . Colorado and Southern Railway ------- Railway Exchange Building, Denver, Colo. Denver & Rio Grande Railroad Co. Equitable Building, Denver, Colo. Great Northern Railway - - - - - Railroad Building, Fourth and Jackson Streets, St. Paul, Minn. Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway - -- -- -- -- - - Galveston, Texas. Illinois Central Railroad - -- -- -- -- -- Central Station, Chicago, III. Missouri Pacific Railway - -- -- -- - Railway Exchange Building, St. Louis, Mo. Northern Pacific Railway - - - - Railroad Building, Fifth and Jackson Streets, St. Paul, Minn. San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad - - - Pacific Electric Building, Los Angeles, Calif. Southern Pacific Company - Flood Building, San Francisco, Calif. Union Pacific System ------ Garland Building, 58 East Washington Street, Chicago, I'll. Wabash Railway - -- -- -- -- -- Railway Exchange^ Building, St. Louis, Mo. Western Pacific Railway - -- -- -- -- - Mills Building, San Francisco, Calif. For information about sojourning and traveling within the National Parks write to the Depart- ment of the Interior for the Information circular of the Park or Parks in which you are interested. Si. REMEMBER THAT SEQUOIA BELONGS TO YOU IT IS ONE OF THE GREAT NATIONAL PLAYGROUNDS OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE EOR WHOM IT IS ADMINISTERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PRESS OF CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS, NEW YORK MOUNT RAINIER NATIONAL PARK DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR I'ranklin K. Lane, Secretary Photograph by Curtis 1:' M tiler A Rippling River of Ice i.ooo Feet Thick Flowing from the Shining Summit I.ooking from a wild-flower slope down upon the celebrated Nisqualh’ Glacier and up at Columbia Crest Photograph by Curtis ^ Miller Entrance to Mount Rainier National Paric THE FROZEN OCTOPUS ROM the Cascade Mountains in Washington rises a series of vol- canoes which once blazed across the sea like giant beacons. To- day, tbeir fires quenched, they suggest a stalwart band of Knights of the Ages, helmeted in snow, armored in ice, standing at parade upon a carpet patterned gorgeously in wild flowers. Easily chief of this knightly band is Mount Rainier, a giant towering 14,408 feet above tide-water in Puget Sound. Home-bound sailors far at sea mend their courses from his silver summit. This mountain has a glacier system far e.xceeding in size and impressive beauty that of any other in the United States. From its snow-covered summit twenty-eight rivers of ice pour slowly down its sides. Seen upon the map, as if from an aeroplane, one thinks of it as an enormous frozen octopus stretch- ing icy tentacles down upon every side among the rich gardens of wild flowers and splendid forests of firs and cedars below. Photograph by Cmtis b Miller Above Every Curve of the Paradise Road Looms the Great White Mountain Photograph by Curtis ^ Miller From Under the Shadowy Firs of Van Trump Park It Glistens Startlingly Photograph by Curtis i3 Miller The Two Tahoma Glaciers May Be Seen through Their Whole Courses from Indian Henry’s Hunting Ground The Tahoma, on the left, begins at the summit; the South Tahoma begins in the cirque just below Point Success, the highest point shown in the picture; they circle in opposite directions around rocky Glacier Island and join in the foreground Photograph by Curtis ^ Miller Everywhere, between and Touching the Icy Glacier Fingers, Are Gorgeous Gardens oe Luxuriant Wild Flowers As if Nature, writes John Aluir, glad to naakc an open space between woods so dense and Ice so deep, were economizing the precious ground” Photograph by Curtis is Millrr Looking into a Great Crevasse in the Stevens Glacier Crevasses are caused by the swifter motion of the middle than the sides. This ice is i,ooo feet deep THE GIANT RIVERS OE ICE V^ERY winter the moisture-laden winds from the Pacific, suddenly cooled against its summit, deposit upon Rainier's top and sides enormous snows. 1 hese, settling m the mile-wide crater which was left after a great explosion in some prehistoric age carried awa)" perhaps two thousand feet of the volcano's former height, press with oversvhelming weight down the mountain's sloping sides. Thus are born the glaciers, for the snow under its own pressure quickh' hardens into ice. Through twenn'-eight vallevs self-carved in the solid rock flow these rivers- of ice, now turning, as rivers of water turn, to avoid the harder rock strata, now roaring over precipices like congealed water falls, now rippling, like water currents, over rough bottoms, pushing, pouring re- lentlessly on until thev reach those parts of their courses where warmer air turns them into rivers of water. d here are forti'-eight square miles of these glaciers. Plioloyraph by Curtis 1:" Millrr Snout of Nisoually Glacier Where the Xisoually River Begins The melting begins miles up under the ice, Evcrv gl.'icier, like tl'.c Xisquallv, end^ in an ice cave Photograph by Curtis Miller Close to the Summit of Mount Rainier Photograph by Curtis Miller Leaving Came of the Clouds for the Summit Nearly every day parties start for the long hard tramp up the glaciers to Columbia Crest. The climbers must dress warmly, paint their faces and hands to protect the skin from sunburn, and eat sparingly. Dark glasses must be worn. None but the hardy mountain climbers attempt this arduous tramp IN AN ARCTIC WONDERLAND UNT RAINIER ; nearly three miles igh measured from ea-level. It rises nearly two miles from its im- mediate base. Once it was a finished cone like the famous Fujiyama, the sacred mountain of Japan. Then it was probably 16,000 feet high. Indian leg- ends tell of the great eruption which blew its top off. In addition to the twenty- eight named glaciers there are others }^et unnamed and little known. Few visitors have seen the wonderful north side, a photograph of which will be found on a later page. It pos- sesses endless possibilities for development and easy grades to Columbia Crest, the wonderful snow-covered summit which, un- til Mount Whitney was meas- ured, was considered the highest. Many interesting things might be told of the glaciers were there space. For example, several species of minute insects live 111 the ice, hopping about like tiny fleas. They are harder to see than the so-called sand- fleas at the seashore because much smaller. Slender, dark- brown worms live in countless millions in the surface ice. Microscopic rose-colored plants also thrive in such great num- bers that they tint the surface here and there, making what is commonly called “red snow.” Photograph by Curtis ^ Miller Coasting at Paradise Valley Fhotograph by Curtis ^ Miller One of the Great Spectacles of America Is Mount Rainier, from Indian Henry’s . NTiNG Ground, Glistening Against the Sky and Pictured Again in Reflection Lake GLACIER AND WILD FLOWER ^^^^ROBABLY no glacier of large size in the world is so quickly, easiljq and comfortably reached as the most striking and celebrated, though by no means the largest, of Mount Rainier’s, the Nisqually ^ Glacier. It descends directl}' south from the snowy summit in a long curve, its lower huger reaching into park-like glades of luxuriant wild flowers. From Paradise Valley one may step directly upon its Assured surface. The Nisqually Glacier is hve miles long and, at Paradise Valley, is half a mile wide. Glistening white and faii'L smooth at its shining source on the mountain’s summit, its surface here is soiled with dust and broken stone and squeezed and rent by terrible pressure into fantastic shapes. Innumerable crevasses, or cracks many feet deep, break across it caused by the more rapid movement of the glacier’s middle than its edges; for glaciers, like rivers of water, develop swifter currents nearer midstream. Professor Fe Conte tells us that the movement of Nisqually Glacier in sum- mer averages, at midstream, about sixteen inches a day. It is far less at the margins, its speed being retarded by the friction of the sides. Like all glaciers, the Nisquall}^ gathers on its surface masses of rock with which it strews its sides just as rivers of water strew their banks with logs and floating debris. 1 hese are called lateral moraines, or side moraines. Some- times glaciers build lateral moraines miles long and over a thousand feet high. The Nisqually ice is more than a thousand feet thick in places. The rocks which are carried in midstream to the end of the glacier and dropped when the ice melts are called the terminal moraine. As the glacier re- cedes the terminal moraine stretches into an ever lengthening medial moraine. The end, or snout, of the glacier thus always lies among a great mass of rocks and stones. The Nisqually River flows from a cave in the end of the Nisqually Glacier’s snout, for the melting begins several miles up-stream under the glacier. The river is milky white when it hrst appears because it carries sediment and powdered rock which, however, it soon deposits, becoming clear. But this brief picture of the Mount Rainier National Park would miss its loveliest touch without some notice of the wild-flower parks lying at the base, and often reaching far up between the icy Angers, of Mount Rainier. ■ “Above the forests,’’ writes John Muir, the celebrated naturalist, “there is a zone of the loveliest flowers, Afty miles in circuit and nearly two miles wide, so closeL planted and luxurious that it seems as if nature, glad to make an open space between woods so dense and ice so deep, were economizing the precious ground and trying to see how many of her darlings she can get to- gether in one mountain wreath — daisies, anemones, columbine, erythroniums, larkspurs, etc., among which we wade knee-deep and waist-deep, the bright corollas in myriads touching petal to petal. Altogether this is the richest subalplne garden I have ever found, a perfect flower elysium.” Photograph by Cxirtis ^ Miller. Mount Baker from Mount Rainier — a Hundred and Forty Miles Northward «»,l' Z' >'^ i, « ' '^)>*> Copyrighted , 1903, i-y Jf '. P . Romans , Seattle The North Slopes of Mount Rainier Are Well Adapted to Become the Health and Pleasure Gardens of Many Thousands The superb north side has been seen bv very few visitors owing to its inaccessibility, but the Department of the Interior is planning its development Photograph by Curtis Millrr Beautiful Paradise Valley Showing the Tatoosh Ridge Photograph by Curtis Miller Timber-Line and Flower Fields in Beautiful Paradise Valley Photograph by Curtis ^ Miller The Mornings Often Roll Tossing Seas of Mist into the Valleys, from Which Emerge at Intervals Craggy Tops, Glistening Glaciers, and Far-Distant Mountain Peaks This photograph was taken from a height at Indian Henry’s. Mount St. Helens is lost in the mists forty miles away Photo'^raph by Curtis '\S MilUr Photo:;raph by Curtis b Miller Comet Falls Sluiskan Falls Photograph by Curtis iff Miller The Roads Lead to the Glaciers through Forests of Fir and Cedar Crater Lake (Unforteinately Named) a North-Side Gem of Beauty Photograph by Curtis l5 Miller The Roads Are Admirable EASIEST GLACIERS TO SEE IE Mount Rainier National Park is so accessible that one may get a brief close-by glimpse in one clay. The new railroad slogan, “Four hours from Tacoma to the Glaciers,” tells the story. But no one unless under dire necessity should think of being so near one of the greatest spectacles in nature without sparing several days for a real look; several weeks is none too long. Thousands of Americans in nor- mal years go to Switzerland to see glaciers much harder to reach and far less satisfactory to study. An excellent road will carry the visitor by auto-stage from the railway terminus to the several comfortable hotels and camps, most of which are so located that the principal scenic points on the south side may be easily reached. Pedestrians and horseback riders also follow trails through the gorgeous wild-Hower parks. Paradise Valley, Indian Henry’s Hunting Ground, Van Trump Park, Cowlitz Park, Ohanapecosh River and its hot springs. Summer- land, Grand Park, Moraine Park, Elyslan Fields, Spray Park, Natural Bridge, Cataract Basin, St. Andrews Park, Glacier Basin, and others; developing new points of view of wonderful glory. Photograph by Curtis U Miller National Park Inn THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE Arranged chronologically in the order of their creation [Number, 14; Total Area, 7,290 Square Miles] NATIONAL PARK and Date LOCATION AREA in square miles DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS Hot Springs Reser- vation 1832 Middle Arkansas 46 hot springs possessing curative properties — Many hotels and boarding-houses in adjacent city of Hot Springs — bath-houses under public control. Yellowstone 1872 North- western Wyoming 3,348 More geysers than in all rest of world together — Boiling springs — Mud volcanoes — Petrified forests — Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, remarkable for gorgeous coloring — Large lakes — Many large streams and waterfalls — Vast wilderness inhabited by deer, elk, bison, moose, antelope, bear, mountain sheep, beaver, etc., constituting greatest wild bird and animal preserve in world — Altitude 6,coo to 11,000 feet — Exceptional trout fishing. Yosemite 1890 Middle eastern California Valley of world-famed beauty — Lofty cliffs — Romantic vistas — Many waterfalls of extraordinary height — 3 groves of big trees — High Sierra — Large areas of snowy peaks — Waterwheel falls — Good trout fishing. Sequoia i8go Middle eastern California 237 The Big Tree National Park — 12,000 sequoia trees over 10 feet in diameter, some 25 to 36 feet in diameter — Towering mountain ranges — Startling precipices — Fine trout fishing. General Grant 1890 Middle eastern California 4 Created to preserve the celebrated General Grant Tree, 35 feet in diameter — six miles from Sequoia National Park and under same management. Mount Rainier 1899 West central Washington 324 Largest accessible single-peak glacier system — 28 glaciers, some of large size — Forty-eight square miles of glacier, fifty to five hundred feet thick — Remarkable sub-alpine wild-flower fields. Crater Lake 1902 South- western Oregon 249 Lake of extraordinary blue in crater of extinct volcano, no inlet, no outlet — Sides 1,000 feet high — Interesting lava for- mations — Fine trout fishing. Mesa Verde 1906 South- western Colorado 77 Most notable and best-preserved prehistoric cliff dwellings in United States, if not in the world. Platt 1906 Southern Oklahoma iK Sulphur and other springs possessing curative properties — Under Government regulations. Glacier 1910 North- western Montana 1,534 Rugged mountain region of unsurpassed Alpine character — 250 glacier-fed lakes of romantic beauty — 60 small glaciers — Peaks of unusual shape — Precipices thousands of feet deep — Almost sensational scenery of marked individuality — Fine trout fishing. Rocky Mountain 191S North middle Colorado 358 Heart of the Rockies — Snowy range, peaks 11,000 to 14,250 feet altitude — Remarkable records of glacial period. National Parks of less popular interest are: Sully’s Hill, 1904, North Dakota Wooded hilly tract on Devil’s Lake. Wind Cave, 1903, South Dakota Large natural cavern. Casa Grande Ruin, 1892, Arizona Prehistoric Indian ruin. HOW TO REACH THE NATIONAL PARKS I he map shows the location of all of our National Parks and their principal railroad connections. 1 he traveler may work o.ut his routes to suit himself. Low round-trip excursion fares to the American Rocky Mountain region and Pacific Coast may be availed of m visiting the National Parks during their respective seasons, thus materially reducing the cost of the trip. Trans- continental through trains and branch lines make the Parks easy of access from all parts of the United States, f or schedules and excursion fares to and between the National Parks write to the Passenger Departments of the railroads which appear on the above map, as follows: Arizona Eastern Railroad ------------ - Tucson, Ariz. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway ------- 1119 Railway Exchange, Chicago, 111 . Chicago & North Western Railway ------- 226 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, III. Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. - - - - 547 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, III. Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway ------- Railway Exchange, Chicago, 111 . Colorado and Southern Railway ------- Railway Exchange Building, Denver, Colo. Denver & Rio Grande Railroad Co. - - - - - - • - Equitable Building, Denver, Colo. Great Northern Railway ----- Railroad Building, Fourth and Jackson Streets, St. Paul, Minn. Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway - -- -- -- -- -- Galveston, Texas. Illinois Central Railroad - - Central Station, Chicago, III. Missouri Pacific Railway - -- -- -- - Railway Exchange Building, St. Louis, Mo. Northern Pacific Railway - - . . Railroad Building, Fifth and Jackson Streets, St. Paul, Minn. San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad - - - Pacific Electric Building, Los Angeles, Calif. Southern Pacific Company - -- -- -- -- Flood Building, San Francisco, Calif. Union Pacific System ------ Garland BuiMing, 58 East Washington Street, Chicago, Hit Wabash Railway - -- -- -- -- -- Railway Exchange Building, St. Louis, Mo. Western Pacific Railway - Mills Building, San Francisco, Calif. For information about sojourning and traveling witliin the National Parks write to the Depart- ment of the Interior for the Information circular of the Park or Parks in which you are interested. REMEMBER THAT MOUNT RAINIER BELONGS TO YOU IT IS ONE OE THE GREAT NATIONAL PLAYGROUNDS OE THE AMERICAN PEOPLE FOR WHOM IT IS ADMINISTERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PRESS OP CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS, NEW YORK CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK DEPARTMENT OE THE INTERIOR Franklin K. Lane, Si'cretarv Photografh by Fred //. Kiser, Portland, Orcii^on Looking into Its Vast Depths Is Like Looking into the Limitless Sky Photograph by H. T. Cozvling The Phantom Ship — Stranded On a Magic Shore THE LAKE OF MYSTERY TER LAKE is the deepest and the bluest lake in the world, measures two thousand feet of solid water, and the intensitt' Its color is unbelievable even while you look at it. Its cliffs mi sky-line to surface are a thousand feet high. It has no in- ible outlet, for it occupies the hole left when, in the dim ages before man, a volcano collapsed and disappeared within itself. It is a gem of wonderful color in a setting of pearly lavas relieved by patches of pine green and snow white — a gem which changes hue with every atmospheric change and every shift of light. There are crater lakes m other lands; in Italy, for instance, in Germany, India, and Hawaii. The one lake of its kind in the LTnited States is by far the finest of its kind in the world. It is one of the most distinguished spots in a land notable for the nobility and distinction of its scenery. Crater Lake lies in southern Oregon. The volcano whose site it has usurped was one of a “noble band of fire mountains which, like beacons, once blazed along the Pacific Coast.” Because of its unique character and quite extraordinary beauty it was made a national park in 1902. “THE SEA OF SILENCE” EARLY every visitor to Crater Lake, even the most prosaic, describes it as mysterious. To those who have not seen it, the adjective is difficult to analj'ze, but the fact remains. The e.xplanation mat' he m Crater Lake’s remarkable color scheme. 1 he infinite range of grays, silvers, and pearls m the carved and fretted lava walls, the gleaming white of occasional snow patches, the olives and pine greens of woods and mosses, the vivid, cloud-flecked azure of the sky, and the lake’s thousand shades of blue, from the brilliant turquoise of its edges to the black blue of its depths of deepest shadow, strike into silence the least impressionable observers. “The Sea of Silence,’’ Joaquin Miller calls Crater Lake. With changing conditions of sun and air, this amazing spectacle changes key with the passing hours; and it is hard to say which is its most rapturous condition ot beaut}', that ot cloudless sunshine, or that of twilight shadow; or ot what intermediate degree, or ot storm or of shower or of moonlight or of starlight. At times, the scene changes magicall}' while you watch. Photograph by H. T. Cozding Playing a Three-Pound Trout from the Rocky Shore PhotO'^raph by Frrd II. Kiser, Portland, Oregon A Poem in Grays and Greens and Unbelievable Blues Photograph by Fred H . Kiser, Portland, Oregon Cliffs of a Thousand Pearly Hues Fantastically Carved View from Crater Lake Lodge Across the End of the Lake Westward of Wizard Island Sea Level STORY OF MOUNT MAZAMA were manj^ noble volcanoes in the range: Mount Baker, Mount Rainier, Mount Adams, Mount St. Helens, Aloiint Mazama, Adount Hood, Adount Shasta. Once their vomitings built the great Cascade Adountams. To-day, cold and silent, they stand wrapped in shining armor of ice. But not all. One is missing. Where Mount Mazama reared his noble head, there is nothing — until you climb the slopes once his foothills, and gaze spellbound over the broken lava cliffs into the lake which lies magicall}' where once he stood. The story of the undoing of Mount Adazama, of the birth of this wonder lake, is one of the great stories of the earth. Mount Mazama fell into itself. It is as if some vast cavern formed in the earth’s seething interior into which the entire volcano suddenly slipped. The imagination of Dore might have reproduced some hint of the titanic spectacle ol the disappearance of a mountain fifteen thousand feet m height. When Mount Mazama collapsed into this vast hole, leaving clean cut the edges which to-day are Crater Lake’s surrounding cliffs, there was instantly a surging back. The crumbling lavas were forced again up the huge chimnev. But not all the way. The vent became jammed. In three spots only did the fires emerge again. Three small volcanoes formed in the hollow. But these in turn soon choked and cooled. During succeeding ages springs poured their waters into the vast cavity, and Crater Lake was born. Its rising waters covered two of the small volcanic cones. The third still emerges. It is called Wizard Island. EW of the astonishing pictures which geology has restored for us of this world m its making are so startling as that of Alount Alazama, which once reared a smoking peak many thousands of feet above the present peaceful level of Crater Lake. There Scott Pb, Photograph by Fred //. Kiser, Portland, Oregon Sunset THE LEGEND OE LLAO CCORDING to the legend ol the Klamath and Modoc Indians the mystic land of Gaywas was the home of the great god Liao. His throne m the infinite depths of the blue waters was sur- rounded by his warriors, giant crawfish able to lift great claws water and seize too venturesome enemies on the cliff tops. War broke out with Shell, the god of the neighboring Klamath Marshes. Shell was captured and his heart used for a ball by Liao’s monsters. But an eagle, one of Shell’s servants, captured it m flight, and a deer, another of Shell’s servants, escaped with it; and Shell’s body grew again around his liv- ing heart. Once more he was powerful, and once more he waged war against the God of the Lake. Then Liao was captured; but he was not so fortunate. Upon the highest cliff his body was torn into fragments and cast into the lake, and eaten by his own monsters under the belief that it v/as Shell’s body. But when Liao’s head was thrown in, the monsters recognized it and would not eat it. Liao’s head still lies in the lake, and white men call it Wizard Island. And the cliff where Liao was torn to pieces is named Liao Rock. Photograph by Fred H . Kiser, Portland, Oregon Often the Trees Are as Gnarled and Knotted as the Cliffs They Grow On Photograph by //. T . Cou’/ing -r n r> c General View Across Crater Lake Near Sentinel Rock:, Showinch These cliffs vary from a thousand to twelve hundred feet high, occasionally rising to two thousand feet cjn HE Northern Shore Line, with Red Cove in the Middle Distance ore. The first eflfect of a view across the lake is to fill the observer with awe and a deep sense of mystery Pliotof^rupli hy II . 7'. Co : rliUi ^ Looking Down into the Crater of Wizard Dland VIEWED EROM THE RIM E\ ERAL daj's maj^ profitabl}^ be spent upon the rim of the lake which one may travel afoot or on horseback. The endless vari- etjT of lava formations and of color variation may be here studied to the best advantage. The temperature of the water has been the subject of much investigation. The average observations of 3"ears show that, whatever may be the surface variations, the temperature of the water below a depth of three hundred feet continues approximately 39 degrees the year around. This disposes of the theory that the depths of the lake are affected by volcanic heat. “Apart from its attractive scenic features,” writes J. S. Diller of the United States Geological Survey, “Crater Lake affords one of the most interesting and instructive fields for the studj^ of volcanic geology to be found anywhere in the world. Considered in all its aspects, it ranks with the Grand Canyon of the Colorado, the Yosemite Valley, and the Falls of Niagara, but with an individuality that is superlative.” Photograph by Fred II. Kiser, Portland, Oregon Sand Creek, Showing Pinnacles Resulting from Erosion Llao Rock, Named after the God Whom the Indians Believe Lived in the Lake’s Mighty Depths Closer \'iew oe Llao Kock, Which, with the Picture Opposite, Strongly Suggests Crater Lake’s Atmosphere oe Mistery THE MINE OF BEAUTY RAIER LAKE is seen m its glory from a launch. One ma}^ float tor days upon its surface without sating one’s sense of delighted surprise; for all is new again with every change of light. The Phantom Ship, for instance, sometimes wholly disappears. Now It IS there, and a few minutes after, with new slants of light, it is gone — a phantom indeed. So it is with many headlands and ghostlike palisades. 1 his lake was not discovered until 1853. Eleven Californians had under- taken once more the search for the famous, perhaps fabulous, Lost Cabin Mine, for many years parties had been searching the Cascades; again they had come into the Klamath region. With ;dl their secrecy their object became known, and a party of Oregonians was hastily organized to stalk them and Photograph by Fred II. Kiser Thk Favorite Way to See the Sculptured Cliffs Is from a Motor-Boat share their find. The Cahtornians discovered the pursuit and divided their party. The Oregonians did the same. It became a game of hide-and-seek. When provisions were nearly exhausted and mam" of both parties had deserted, they joined forces. “Suddenly we came in sight of water,” writes J. W. Hillman, then the leader of the combined party; “we were much surprised, as we did not expect to see ant" lakes and did not know but that we had come in sight of and close to Klamath Lake. Not until im' mule stopped within a few feet of the rim of Crater Lake did I look down, and if I had been rid- ing a blind mule I firml}^ believe I would have ridden over the edge to death.” It is interesting that the dis- coverers quarrelled on the choice of a namie, dividing between M}"s- terious Lake and Deep Blue Lake. The advocates of Deep Blue Lake won the vote, but in 1869 a visit- ing part}/' from Jacksonville re- named It Crater Lake, and this, b}/ natural right, became its title. UNUSUAL FISHING This magnificent bod}" of cold fresh water originall}/ contained no fish of an}" kind. A small crus- tacean was found m its waters in large numbers, the suggestion, no doubt, upon which was founded the Indian legend of the gigantic crawfish which formed the body- guard of the great god Liao. Trout Run from One to Six Pounds Photograph by Fred H . Kiser In 1888 Will G. Steel brought trout fry from a ranch fort}^ miles away, hut no lish were seen in the lake for more than a dozen years. Then a few were taken, one of which was fully thirt}" inches long. Since then trout have been taken in ever-increasing numbers. They are best caught by fly casting from the shore. For this reason the fishing is not always the easiest. Often the slopes are not propitious for casting. One has to climb upon outl3fing rocks to reach the waters of best depth. But the results usuallt' justify the effort. The trout range from one to ten pounds in weight. Anglers of experience in western fishing testify that, pound for pound, the rainbow trout taken m the cold deep waters of Crater Lake are the hard- est-fighting trout of all. Many fish are also taken from rowboats. A trolling spoon will often lure large fish. Photograph by H. T. Cowling Camping Out Back of the Rim HOTELS AND CAMPS Partly because it is off the main line of trav- el, but chiefly because its unique attractions are not yet well known. Crater Lake has been seen by comparatively few. Under concession from the Department of the Interior, a comfort- able camp is operated five miles from the lake, and a newly completed hotel and camp on the lake’s rim. The hotel is built of the stone of the neighborhood and is fully equipped with baths. Tents may be had for those who prefer camping. Photograph by II. T. Cozding At the Foot of the Trail from Crater Lake Lodge 5 ^' SfrS HOW TO REACH THE NATIONAL PARKS The map shows the location of all of our National Parks and their principal railroad connections, d he traveler may work out his routes to suit himself. Low round-trip excursion fares to the American Rocky Mountain region and Pacific Coast may be availed of in visiting the National Parks during their respective seasons, thus materially reducing the cost of the trip. Trans- continental through trains and branch lines make the Parks easy of access from all parts of the United States. For schedules and excursion fares to and between the National Parks write to the Passenger Departments of the railroads which appear on the above map, as follows: Arizona Eastern Railroad - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Tucson, Ariz. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway ii 19 Railway Exchange, Chicago. 111. Chicago & North Western Railway ------- 226 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111. Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. - - . - 547 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111. Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway - Railway Exchange, Chicago, III. Colorado and Southern Railway ------- Railway Exchange Building, Denver, Colo. Denver & Rio Grande Railroad C'o. Equitable Building, Denver, Colo. Great Northern Railway ----- Railroad Building, Fourth and Jackson Streets, Sr. Paul, Minn. Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway - -- -- -- -- -- Galveston, Texas. Illinois Central Railroad - Central Station, Chicago, III. Missouri Pacific Railway - - Railway Exchange Building, St. Louis, Mo. Northern Pacific Railway . _ _ _ Railroad Building, Fifth and Jackson Streets, St. Paul, Minn. San Pedro, Los .Angeles Sc Salt Lake Railroad - - - Pacific Fdlectric Building. Los Angeles, Calif. Southern Pacific Company - - Flood Buildin.g, San Francisco, C*alif. Union Pacific System ------ Garland Building, 58 East Washington Street, Chicago, 111. Wabash Railway - -- -- -- -- -- Rail ,ay Exchange Building, St. Louis. Mo. Western Pacific Railway - Mills Building, San Francisco, Calif. For information about sojourning and traveling within the National Parks write to the Depart- ment of the Interior for the Information circular of the Park or Parks in which you are interested. REMEMBER THAT CRATER LAKE BELONGS TO YOU IT IS ONE OF THE GREAT NATIONAL PLAYGROUNDS OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE FOR WHOM IT IS ADMINISTERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PRESS OP CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS. NEW YORK THE MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK DEPARTMENT OE THE INTERIOR Franklin K. Lane, Secretary Government Road to the Celebrated Prehistoric Ruins Showing the woods which justify the title Mesa Verde (Green Mesa) Yesterday and To-Day CITIES OF THE PAST JNE December day in 1888 Richard and Alfred Wetherell, searching for lost cattle on the Mesa Verde, near their home at Mancos, Colorado, pushed through dense growths on the edge of a deep canyon and shouted aloud in astonishment. Across the canyon, tucked into a shelf under the overhanging edge of the opposite brink, were the walls and towers of what seemed to them a palace. They named it Cliff Palace. Forgetting the cattle in their excitement, they searched the edge of the mesa in all directions. Near by, under the overhanging edge of another can- yon, they found a similar group, no less majestic, which the)' named Spruce Tree House because a large spruce grew out of the rums. Thus was discovered the m.ost elaborate and best-preserved prehistoric ruins in America, if not in the world. A careful search of the entire Mesa Verde in the years following has resulted in many other finds of interest and importance. In 1906 Congress set aside the region as a national park. Even yet its treasures of antiquit)^ are not all known. A remarkable temple to the sun was unearthed in 1915. Photograph by J. L. Nusbauni The Mesa Verde, or Green Mesa, Is So Called Because Covered with Cedar and Pinvon .Trees in a Land Where Trees Are Few Photograph by J. L. Nusbaum Above the Broken Rocks, or Talus, Rise Precipitously the Clifts Under Whose Overhang the Cliff Dwellings Nestle The Exploration of Newly Discovered Ruins Often Requires Much Hard and Even Perilous Climbing Photograph by Mrs. C. R. Miller Many Gathered Nightly Around the Campfire to Hear Dr. Fewk.es Tell the Story of the Ancient People THE STORY OF THE MESAS HOSE who have travelled through our Southwestern States have seen from the car window innunierahle mesas or isolated plateaus rising abruptly for hundreds of feet from the hare and often arid plains. The word mesa is Spanish for table. Once the level of these mesa tops was the level of all of this vast South- western countiy, but the rams and floods of centuries have washed away the softer earths down to its present level, leaving standing onl\' the rock}'' spots or those so covered with surface rocks that the rams could not reach the softer gravel underneath. 1 he Mesa Verde, or green mesa (because it is covered with stunted cedar and pinyon trees in a land where trees are few), is perhaps most widel\^ known. The Mesa Verde is one of the largest mesas. It is fifteen miles long and eight miles wide. At its foot are masses of broken rocks rising from three hun- dred to five hundred feet above the bare plains. Above these rise the cliffs. The cliff dwellings nestle under its overhanging cliffs near the top. IN THE CLIFF DWELLINGS KE must liave been difficult in this dry country when the Mesa Verde connnunities flourished in the sides of these sandstone cliffs. Game was scarce and hunting arduous. The Adancos River yielded a few fish. The earth contrihuted herries or nuts. Water was rare and found only in sequestered places near the heads of the canyons. Nev- ertheless, the mhahitants cultivated their farms and raised their corn, which they ground on flat stones called metates. They haked their bread on flat stone griddles. They boded their meat in well-made vessels, some of which were artistically decorated. d'heir life was difficult, hut confidently did they believe that they were dependent upon the gods to make the rain fall and the corn grow. They were a religious people who worshipped the sun as the father of all and the earth as the mother who hrought them all their material blessings. They pos- sessed no written language and could only record their thoughts h}-" a few S3mi- hols which they painted on their earthenware jars or scratched on the rocks. As their sense of beauty was keen, their art, though primitive, was true; rarely realistic, generally symbolic. Their decoration of cotton fabrics and ceramic work might he called beautiful, even when judged by the highly devel- oped taste of to-dat^. They fashioned axes, spear points, and rude tools of stone; they wove sandals and made attractive basketry. I hey were not content with rude buildings and had long outgrown the caves that satisfied less civilized Indians farther north and south of them. I'he photographs of Cliff' Palace on the following three pages will show not only the protection afforded by the overhanging cliffs hut the general scheme of community living. The population was composed of a series of units, possibl}' clans, each of which had its own social organization more or less distinct from the others. Each had ceremonial rooms, called kivas. Each also had living-rooms and storerooms. There were twenty-three social units or clans in Cliff Palace. The kivas were the rooms where the men spent most of the time devoted to ceremonies, councils, and other gatherings. I he religious fraternities were limited to the men of a clan. Cliff Palace Is the Most Celebrated of the Mesa Verde Ruins Because Ir Is the Largest and Most Prominent Terraces at the Southern End of Cliff Palacf, Photograph by Arthur Chapman The Square Tower of Cliff Palace Photograph by Arthur Chapmaji The Round Tower of Cliff Palace Excavating Sun Temple on Top c Sun Temple, discovered in the summer of 1915, marks a far advance toward civilization. Its masonry sho' Mesa Verde’ PHE Mesa Opposite Cliff Palace ;rowth in constructive principles. Its walls are embellished with carvings. Architecturally it represents ghest type DISCOVERY OF SUN TEMPLE Constructive Detail or South Wall, Sun Temple NTIL the summer of 1915 no structures had been discovered in the Mesa Verde except those of the cliff-dwelhng type. Then the Department of the Interior explored a mound on the top of the mesa opposite Clift' Palace and unearthed Sun Temple. Dr. J. WYlter Fewkes, who conducted the exploration, believes that this was built about 1300 A. D. and marks the final stage in Mesa Verde development. Sun Temple was a most important discovery. It marked a long advance toward civilization. It occupied a commanding position convenient to many large inhabited clift' dwellings. Its masonry showed growth in the art of con- struction. Its walls were embellished by geometrical figures carved in rock. A fossil palm leaf, which the Cliff Dwellers supposed to be a divinely carved image of the sun, is embedded in the temple’s walls. Drawing Showing Constructive Detail of Suis[ Te;mple Stones from Sun Temple Covered with Geometrical and Emblematical Designs THE MESA’S LITTLE PEOPLE NDIANS of to-da}" shun the ruins of the Mesa Verde. Thej^ be- lieve them inhabited by spirits whom they call the Little People. It is vain to tell them that the Little People were their own an- cestors; they refuse to believe it. When the national park telephone line was building in 1915 the Indians were greatly excited. Coming to the Supervisor’s office to trade, they shook their heads ominously. The poles wouldn’t stand up, thej^ declared. Why Because the Little People wouldn’t like such an uncanny thing as a telephone. But poles were standing, the Supervisor pointed out. All right, the Indians replied, but wait. The wires wouldn’t talk. Little People wouldn’t like it. The poles were hnally all in and the wires strung. What was more, the wires actually did talk and are still talking. Never mind, say the Indians, with unshaken faith. Never mind. Wait. That’s all. It will come. The Little People may stand it — for a while. But wait. The Supervisor is still waiting. Spruce Tree House Hides Under a Huge Overhanging Cliff THE PRINCIPAL DWELLINGS LIFF PALACE is the most celebrated of the Mesa Verde ruins because it is the largest and most prominent. Others are no less interesting and important. Spruce Tree Flouse is next in size; Balcony House and Peabodj^ House are equally well preserved. 1 here are many others; some which have j'et to be thoroughly explored; prob- abl}^ some still undiscovered. Cliff Palace is three hundred feet long; Spruce Tree House two hundred and sixteen. Cliff Palace contained probahl}^ two hundred rooms; Spruce Tree House a hundred and fourteen. Spruce Tree House originally had three stories. Its population was probably three hundred and hfty. The Round Tower m Cliff Palace is an object of unusual interest, but the ceremonial kivas, or religious rooms, in all the communities are usually round and often were entered from below. A subterranean entrance to Cliff Palace was recently discovered. Entrance to Lower Floors, Spruce Tree House Photograph by Arthur Chapman Spruce Tree House After Restoration dy Dr. Fewk.es Photograph by Mrs. C. R. Miller Photographing One or the Rooms at Balcony House Photographs by J. L. Nusbaum Typical Skulls of Prehistoric Man Found in the Mesa Verde These skulls show an unusual breadth as compared with Indians of to-day, though of the same ethnological type. Xordenskiold concludes that the race was fairly robust, with heavy skeletons and strong muscular processes. The facial bones are well developed and lower jaw heavy SUMMER UPON MESA VERDE ESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK is in the extreme southwestern corner of Colorado and is reached by two routes from Denver. A night IS usuall}" spent en route, and the rums are reached by wagon, horseback, or automobile from Mancos. Apart from the ruins, the country is one of much beauty and interest. The highest spot on the Mesa is Point Lookout, 8,428 feet m altitude. The mesa’s western edge is a fine bluff two thousand feet above the Montezuma Valley whose irrigation lakes and brilliantly green fields are set off nobly against the distant Rico Mountains. To the west are the La Salle and Blue Mountains m Utah, with Ute Mountain m the immediate foreground. The views are inspiring, the entire country “different.” In the spring the en- tire region blooms. It used to be a country of wild animals and at times deer are still plentiful. There is a thoroughly comfortable hotel near Spruce Tree House. One of the unusual attractions of last summer was the unearthing of the great mound which covered Sun Temple. Dr. Fewkes maintained a camp near the mound and lectured almost nightly to those who gathered around his camp- fire. The same informal custom will probably be resumed during this and suc- ceeding summers while the exploration of other suggestive mounds . is progressing. Ihe Frail to Balcony House The Entrance to Balcony House Balcony House Is One of the Most Interesting and Best Preserved The Interior of a Sacred Kiva Photograph by Mrs. C. R- Miller Stone Chairs Found at the Cliff Palace THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE Arranged chronologically in the order of their creation [Number, 14; Total Area, 7,290 Square Miles] NATIONAL PARK and Date LOCATION AREA in square miles DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS Hot Springs Reser- vation 1832 Middle Arkansas lyi 46 hot springs possessing curative properties — Many hotels and boarding-houses in adjacent city of Hot Springs — bath-houses under public control. Yellowstone 1872 North- western Wyoming 3,348 More geysers than in all rest of world together — Boiling springs — Mud volcanoes — Petrified forests — Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, remarkable for gorgeous coloring — Large lakes — Many large streams and waterfalls — Vast wilderness inhabited by deer, elk, bison, moose, antelope, bear, mountain sheep, beaver, etc., constituting greatest wild bird and animal preserve in world — Altitude 6,000 to 11,000 feet — Exceptional trout fishing. Yosemite 1890 Middle eastern California 1,125 Valley of world-famed beauty — Lofty cliffs — Romantic vistas — Many waterfalls of extraordinary height — 3 groves of big trees — High Sierra — Large areas of snowy peaks — Waterwheel falls — Good trout fishing. Sequoia 1890 Middle eastern California 237 The Big Tree National Park — 12,000 sequoia trees over 10 feet in diameter, some 25 to 36 feet in diameter — Towering mountain ranges — Startling precipices — Fine trout fishing. General Grant 1890 Middle eastern California 4 Created to preserve the celebrated General Grant Tree, 35 feet in diameter — six miles from Sequoia National Park and under same management. Mount Rainier 1899 West central Washington 324 Largest accessible single-peak glacier system — 28 glaciers, some of large size — Forty-eight square miles of glacier, fifty to five hundred feet thick — Remarkable sub-alpine wild-flower fields. Crater Lake 1902 South- western Oregon 249 Lake of extraordinary blue in crater of extinct volcano, no inlet, no outlet — Sides 1,000 feet high — Interesting lava for- mations — Fine trout fishing. Mesa Verde 1906 South- western Colorado 77 Most notable and best-preserved prehistoric cliff dwellings in L’nited States, if not in the world. Platt 1906 Southern Oklahoma Sulphur and other springs possessing curative properties — Under Government regulations. Glacier 1910 North- western Montana 1. 534 Rugged mountain region of unsurpassed Alpine character — 250 glacier-fed lakes of romantic beauty — 60 small glaciers — Peaks of unusual shape — Precipices thousands of feet deep — Almost sensational scenery of marked individuality — Fine trout fishing. Rocky Mountain 191S North middle Colorado 358 Heart of the Rockies — Snowy range, peaks 11,000 to 14,250 feet altitude — Remarkable records of glacial period. National Parks of less popular interest are; Sully’s Hill, 1904, North Dakota Wooded hilly tract on Devil’s Lake. Wind Cave, 1903, South Dakota Large natural cavern. Casa Grande Ruin, 1892, Arkona, , , Prehistoric Indian ruin. HOW TO REACH THE NATIONAL PARKS The map shows the location of all of our National Parks and their principal railroad connections. 1 he traveler may work out his routes to suit himself. Low round-trip excursion fares to the American Rocky Mountain region and Pacific Coast may be availed of in visiting the National Parks during their respective seasons, thus materially reducing the cost of the trip. Trans- continental through trains and branch lines make the Parks easy of access from all parts of the United States. For schedules and excursion fares to and between the National Parks write to the Passenger Departments of the railroads which appear on the above map, as follows: Arizona Eastern Railroad - - - - Tucson, Arlz. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway ------ -iiigRailway Exchange, Chicago, III. Chicago & North Western Railway ------- 226 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111. Chicago, Burlington Sc Quincy Railroad Co. - - - - 547 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111. Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway ------- Railway Exchange, Chicago, 111. Colorado and Southern Railway ------- Railway Exchange Building, Denver, Colo. Denver & Rio Grande Railroad Co. Equitable Building, Denver, Colo. Great Northern Railway ----- Railroad Building, Fourth and Jackson Streets, St. Paul, Minn. Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway - -- -- -- -- - - Galveston, Texas. Illinois Central Railroad - -- -- -- -- -- Central Station, Chicago, 111. Missouri Pacific Railway - -- -- -- - Railway Exchange Building, St. Louis, Mo. Northern Pacific Railway - - - - Railroad Building, Fifth and Jackson Streets, St. Paul, Mina. San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad - - - Pacific Electric Building, Los Angeles, Calif. Southern Pacific Company - - Flood Building, San Francisco, Calif. Union Pacific System ------ Garland Building, 58 East Washington Street, Chicago, 111. Wabash Railway - -- -- -- -- -- Railway Exchange Building, St. Louis, Mo. Western Pacific Railway - -- -- -- -- - Mills Building, San Francisco, Calif. For information about sojourning and traveling within the National Parks write to the Depart- ment of the Interior for the Information circular of the Park or Parks in which you are interested. REMEMBER THAT MESA VERDE BELONGS TO YOU IT IS ONE OF THE GREAT NATIONAL PLAYGROUNDS OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE FOR WHOM IT IS ADMINISTERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PRESS OF CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS, NEW YORK GLACI E R NATIONAL PARK DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Franklin K. Lane, Secretary Photograph by Fred H. Kiser y Portland. Oregon The Supreme Glory of the Glacier National Parr Is Its Lakes A glimpse of beautiful St. Mary Lake and Going-to-the-Sun Mountain Photograph by H. T. Cocvlhig St. Mary Chalet, Typical of Glacier Architecture AN ALPINE PARADISE OTWITHSTANDING the sixtj' glaciers from which it derives its name, the Glacier National Park is chiefly remarkable for its pic- turesquely modeled peaks, the unique qualitt' ot its mountain masses, its gigantic precipices, and the romantic loveliness of its two hundred and fifty lakes. Though most of our national parks possess similar general features in addi- tion to those which sharply differentiate each from every other, the Glacier National Park shows them in special abundance and unusuall}' happj' combina- tion. In fact, it is the quite extraordinary, almost sensational, massing of these scenic elements which gives it its marked individuality. The broken and diversified character of this scenert', involving rugged mountain tops bounded b}' vertical walls sometimes more than four thousand feet high, glaciers perched upon loft}' rock}' shelves, unexpected waterfalls ot peculiar charm, rivers of milk}' glacier water, lakes unexcelled tor sheer beaut}' by the most celebrated of sunny Ital}' and snow-topped Switzerland, and grand!}' timbered slopes sweeping into valle}' bottoms, offer a continuous vet ever changing series of inspiring vistas not to be found in such luxuriance and per- fection elsewhere. And this rare scenic combination is not alone of one valley of the park, but is characteristic of them all; so that it is difficult to single out an}' part of these Photograph by Fred //. Kiser, Portland, Oregon You Seem Menaced by Glaciers and Waterfalls upon Every Side Avalanche Lake lies in a cirque whose precipices rise thousands of feet Photograph by H. T. Cowling At the Very End of the World So at least it seems until you find your way out over the new Dawson Pass Trail Photograph by Fred H. Kiser, Portland, Oregon Famous Grinnell Lake with the Picturesque Grinnell Glacier Above, Whence It Derives Its Partly Milky Glacial Waters Camping at the head'of the lake you see the glacier above you thrusting over the rocky shelf like the eaves of a house Photograph by Fred 11 . Kiser, Portland, Oregon Climbing the Upper Reaches of the Blachfeet Glacier fifteen hundred square miles that is more beautiful, more remarkable, or more strikingly diversified than any other. The Glacier National Park lies in northwestern Montana, abutting the Canadian boundary. It incloses the continental divide of the Rocky Mountains at that point; in fact, from one spot known as the Triple Divide, waters flow into the Pacific Ocean, Hudson Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. It is interesting that Glacier’s peculiarly rugged topography is practically limited to the park’s boundaries. To the north, in Canada, the mountains subside into low, rounded ridges. To the south and west, though still fine, they lose the quality of majest}^. Easterly lie the plains. The transcontinental railway traveler skirts the park without hint of the supreme beauty so near at hand. But let him stop at Glacier Park station or at Belton and, after swift rides in auto-stages, see something of the beauties of Lake St. Maiy, Lake McDermott, Bowman Lake, or Lake McDonald, and he will instantly understand the attractive force which draws thousands across the continent, and will some day draw thousands across the seas, to stand spell- bound before these awe-inspiring examples of nature’s noblest handiwork. nature, just how many millions of j^ears ago no man can esti- mate, made the Glacier National Park is a stirring stoiy. Once this whole region was covered with water, probably the sea. I he earthy sediments deposited by this water hardened into rocky strata. If you were in the park to-day j'ou would see broad horizontal streaks of variously colored rock m the mountain masses thousands of feet above you. Idiey are discernible in the photographs in this book. They are the ver\' strata that the waters deposited m their depths m those far-away ages. How they got from the seas’ bottoms to the moun- tains’ tops IS the story. According to one fa- mous theory of creation, the earth has been contracting through unnumbered cycles of time. Just as the squeezed orange bulges m places, so this region may have been forced upward. In fact, this is what must have happened at this particular spot. The geologist learns to accept such theories without ques- tion, for, though he cannot realize the vast periods of time and awful forces in- volved in a movement of this kind, the evidence of It is so plain that it is in- contestable. Under this incalculable pressure from its sides and below, the bottom of the sea gradually rose and be- came dry land. The pressure continued, and the earth’s crust at this point, like the skin of the squeezed orange, bulged m long Ir- regular lines. In time these became mountains. Photograph by Ellis Prentice Cole IcEBKRG Lake When Floes Drift in August MAKING A NATIONAL PARK Photograph by L. D. Lindsley One of the Wildest Spots on Earth Is Ptarmigan Lake Then, when the rocky crust could no longer stand the strain, it cracked. Gradually the western edge of this great crack was forced upward and over the eastern edge. This relieved the internal pressure and the overlapping edge settled into its present position. Geologists call this process faulting. The edge that was forced over the other edge is called the overthrust. The edge thus thrust over was four or five thousand feet thick. It crumbled into peaks, precipices, and gorges. It must have afforded a spectacle of sub- lime ruggedness, but without the transcendental beaut}^ of to-day. Upon these mountains and precipices and into these gorges the snows and the rains of uncounted centuries of centuries have since fallen, and the ice and the frost and the rushing waters have carved them into the area of distinguished beauty which is to-day the American Switzerland. To picture to yourselves this region, imagine a chain of verj" lofty m.oun- tains twisting about like a worm, spotted everj^where with snow fields, and bearing glistening glaciers. Imagine these mountains crumbled and broken on their east sides into precipices sometimes four thousand feet deep and flanked everjw^here b}' lesser peaks and tumbled mountain masses of smaller size in whose hollows lie the most beautiful lakes you have ever dreamed of. PhotO'^raph hy Prrd II Kist'r, Portland, Oregon 'I'liF Peak of Blackfkht Mountain Is IVpical of Glacti r Scenery iPhaiograj-h by II. T. Cowling I wo Th(Hisani) Kee'i Sheer from Flowi:rs to Lake 1 nn.iiiK'd lake un new (rail up the Triple Divide Photograph by II. T. CozvUng l^iRTH OF A Cloud on the Side of Mount Rockwell Photograph by II. T. Co:vling Karly Morning Cloud-Effects at 'Two Medicine Lake Romantic Rising-Wolf Mountain is seen in middle distance Photograph by Fred H. Kiser, Portland, Oregon It Is the Romantic, Almost Sensational Massing of Extraordinary Scenic Beautiful St. Mary Lake with Going-to-the-Sun Camp in the forcgrouil 4ENTS Which Gives the Glacier National Park Its Marked Individuality Citadel Mountain in left center, Fusillade Mountain to their right ITS LAKES Plwtn;^rtiph by Frtd JI. Ki.n'r^ Porlland, Or/-i:^on AND VALLEYS IE supreme glory of the Glacier National Park is Its lakes. The world has none to surpass, perhaps few to equal them. Some are vallet^ gems grown to the water’s edge with for- ests. Some are cradled among precipices Some float ice-fields m midsummer. From the continental divide seven principal valle3's drop precipitous^ upon the east, twelve sweep down the longer western slopes. Each valle}^ holds between its feet its greater lake to which are tributary man}^ smaller lakes of astonishing wildness. On the east side St. Mary Lake is destined to world-wide celebrity, but so also is Lake McDonald on the west side. These are the largest in the park. But some, perhaps many, of the smaller lakes are candidates for beauty’s highest honors. Of these Lake McDer- mott with Its mmaretted peaks stands first — perhaps because best known, for here is one of the finest hotels m ant' national park and a luxurious camp. LIpper Two Medicine Lake is an- other east-side candidate widely known because of its accessibility, while far to the north the Belli' River Valley, diffi- cult to reach and seldom seen, holds lakes, fed by eighteen glaciers, which will compare with Switzerland’s noblest. The west-side valle}'s north of Mc- Donald constitute a little-known wil- derness of the earth’s choicest scenery, destined to future appreciation. The continental divide is usually crossed by the famous Gunsight Pass trail, which skirts giant precipices and develops sensational vistas m its ser- pentine course. After Sunset at Upper Two Medicine Lake Photograph hy H. T. Cozcling Intfrior of Many Glaciers Hotel, Lake McDermott Photograph by L. D. Lindsley The End of the Day COMFORT AMONG GLACIERS SMALL but imposing aggregate of the scenerv of the Glacier National Park is available to the comfort-loving traveler. There are two entrances, each with a railroad station. The visitor choosing the east entrance, at Glacier Park, will find auto-stages to Two Medicine Lake, St. Mary Lake, and Lake McDermott. At the railway station and at Lake McDermott are elaborate modern hotels with every convenience. At Two Medicine Lake, at St. Mary and LTpper St. Mary Lakes, at Cut Bank Creek, at Lake McDermott, at Gunsight Lake, at a point below the Sperry Glacier, and at Granite Park are chalets or camps, or both, where e.xcellent accommodations mat" be had at modest charges. The visitor choosing the west entrance, at Belton, will Hnd camps and chalets there, and an auto-stage to beautiful Lake McDonald, where there is a hotel of comfort and individuality in addition to public camps. There is boat service on Upper St. Mary Lake and Lake McDonald. But if the enterprising traveler desires to know this wilderness wonderland in all its moods and phases, he must equip himself for the rough trail and the wayside camp. Thus he may devote weeks, months, summers to the bene- fiting of his health and the uplifting of his soul. Photograph by L. 1). Lindsley 'I'hf Mountaineers on Tour— Wash-Day at Nyack Lake Photograph by H. T. Cowling To THE Victor Belong the Spoils Mary Roberts Rinehart lunching after a morning’s trouting on Flathead River Photograph by II. T. Cozvling The Comfortable Hotel Near the Head of Lake McDonald Photograph by II. T. Cozvling A Little Fun in August Snow Stopping for a frolic on the White Trail of Piegan Pass Photograph by II. T. CoiUing Clearing After the Storm PURCHASED FROM INDIANS CE this region was the favorite hunting ground of the Blackfeet ndians, whose reservation adjoins it on the east. It was then nactically unknown to white men. In 1890 copper was found md there was a rush of prospectors. To open it for mining pur- poses Congress bought the region from the Indians in 1896, but not enough copper was found to pay for the mining. After the miners left few persons visited it but big-game hunters until 1910, when it was made a national park. Photograph by H. T. Cowling Blackfeet Indian Camp on Two Medicine Lake Glacier National Park was once their hunting ground CREATURES OE THE WILD LACIER, once the favorite hunting ground of the Blackfeet andnow for fifteen j^ears strictly pre- served, has a large and grow- ing population of creatures of the wild. Its rocks and preci- pices ht It especially to be the home of the Rocky Mountain sheep and the mountain goat. Both of these large and hardy climbers are found in Glacier m great numbers. They constitute a familiar sight in many of the places most frequented by tourists. Trout fishing is particu- larly fine. The trout are of half a dozen Western vari- eties, of which perhaps the cutthroat is the most com- mon. In the larger lakes the Mackinaw is caught up to twenty pounds in weight. So widely are they distrib- uted that it is difficult to name lakes of special fishing importance. Photograph by Fred II. Kiser, PortlaJid, Oregon Summit of Appistoki Mountain THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE Arranged chronologically in the order of their creation [Number, 14; Total Area, 7,290 Square Miles] NATIONAL PARK and Date LOCATION AREA in square miles DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS Hot Springs Reser- vation 1832 Middle Arkansas 46 hot springs possessing curative properties — Many hotels and boarding-houses in adjacent city of Hot Springs — bath-houses under public control. Yellowstone 1872 North- western Wyoming 3,348 More geysers than in all rest of world together — Boiling springs — Mud volcanoes — Petrified forests — Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, remarkable for gorgeous coloring — Large lakes — Many large streams and waterfalls — Vast wilderness inhabited by deer, elk, bison, moose, antelope, bear, mountain sheep, beaver, etc., constituting greatest wild bird and animal preserve in world — Altitude 6,coo to 11,000 feet — Exceptional trout fishing. Yosemite 1890 Middle eastern California 1,125 Valley of world-famed beauty — Lofty cliffs — Romantic vistas — Many waterfalls of extraordinary height — 3 groves of big trees — High Sierra — Large areas of snowy peaks — Waterwheel falls — Good trout fishing. Sequoia 1890 Middle eastern California 237 The Big Tree National Park — 12,000 sequoia trees over 10 feet in diameter, some 25 to 36 feet in diameter — Towering mountain ranges — Startling precipices — Fine trout fishing. General Grant 1890 Middle eastern California 4 Created to preserve the celebrated General Grant Tree, 35 feet in diameter — six miles from Sequoia National Park and under same management. Mount Rainier 1899 West central Washington 324 Largest accessible single-peak glacier system — 28 glaciers, some of large size — Forty-eight square miles of glacier, fifty to five hundred feet thick — Remarkable sub-alpine wild-flower fields. Crater Lake 1902 South- western Oregon 249 Lake of extraordinary blue in crater of extinct volcano, no inlet, no outlet — Sides 1,000 feet high — Interesting lava for- mations — Fine trout fishing. Mesa Verde 1906 South- western Colorado 77 Most notable and best-preserved prehistoric cliff dwellings in United States, if not in the world. Platt 1906 Southern Oklahoma Sulphur and other springs possessing curative properties — Under Government regulations. Glacier 1910 North- western Montana 1,534 Rugged mountain region of unsurpassed Alpine character — 250 glacier-fed lakes of romantic beauty — 60 small glaciers — Peaks of unusual shape — Precipices thousands of feet deep — Almost sensational scenery of marked individuality — Fine trout fishing. Rocky Mountain 191S North middle Colorado 358 Heart of the Rockies — Snowy range, peaks 11,000 to 14,250 feet altitude — Remarkable records of glacial period. National Parks of less popular interest are: Sully’s Hill, 1904, North Dakota Wind Cave, 1903, South Dakota Casa Grande Ruin, 1892, Arizona Wooded hilly tract on Devil’s Lake. Large natural cavern. Prehistoric Indian ruin. HOW TO REACH THE NATIONAL PARKS The map shows tlie location of all of our National Parks and their principal railroad connections. 1 he traveler may work out his routes to suit himself. Low round-trip excursion fares to the American Rocky Mountain region and Pacific Coast may be availed of in visiting the National Parks during their respective seasons, thus materially reducing the cost of the trip. Trans- continental through trains and branch lines make the Parks easy of access from all parts of the United States. Por schedules and excursion fares to and between the National Parks write to the Passenger Departments of the railroads which appear on the above map, as follows: Arizona Eastern Railroad - - - - Tucson, Ariz. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway - - 1119 Railway Exchange, Chicago, III. Chicago & North Western Railway - - 226 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111 . Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. . . - . 547 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, III. Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Railway Exchange, Chicago, III. Colorado and Southern Railway ------- Railway Exchange Building, Denver, Colo. Denver & Rio Grande Railroad Co. Equitable Building, Denver, Colo. Great Northern Railway ----- Railroad Building, Fourth and Jackson Streets, St. Paul, Minn. Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway - Galveston, Texas. Illinois Central Railroad - Central Station. Chicago, III. Missouri Pacific Railway - -- -- -- - Railway Exchange Building, St. Louis. Mo. Northern Pacific Railway - . . - Railroad Building, Fifth and Jackson Streets, St. Paul, Minn. San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad - - - Pacihc Electric Building, Los Angeles, Calif. Southern Pacific Company - Flood Building, San Francisco, Calif. Union Pacific System ------ (Garland Building, 58 East Washington Street, Chicago. Ill, Wabash Railway Railway Exchange Building, St. Louis, Mo. Western Pacific Railway - - Mills Building, Saii Francisco, Calif. For information about sojourning and traveling within the National Parks write to the Depart- ment of the Interior tor the Information circular of the Park or Parks in which you are interested. REMEMBER THAT GLACIER BELONGS TO YOU IT IS ONE OF THE GREAT NATIONAL PLAYGROUNDS OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE FOR WHOM IT IS ADMINISTERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PRESS OF CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, NEW YORK DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Franklin K. Lane, Secretary THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK Seen from the East, This Range Rises in Daring Relief, Craggy in Outline, Snow-Clad, Awe-Inspiring This photograph is from the high drive in Estes Park and exhibits summits lying to the north of Longs Peak Photograph by H. T. Cowling Fall River Entrance to the Rocky Mountain National Park “TOP OF THE WORLD” H | 0 R many years the Mecca of Eastern mountain lovers has been the i Rockies. For many }'ears the name has summed European ideas 5 of American mountain grandeur. Yet it was not until 1915 that § a particular section of the enormous area of magmhcent and diver- sified scenic range thus designated was chosen as the representative of the no- blest qualities of the whole. This is the Rocky Mountain National Park. And It is splendidly representative. In nobility, in calm dignity, in the sheer glory of stalwart beauty, there is no mountain group to excel the company of snow-capped veterans of all the ages which stands at everlasting parade behind its grim, helmeted captain. Longs Peak. There is probably no other scenic neighborhood of the first order which com- bines mountain outlines so bold with a quality of beauty so intimate and refined. Just to live in the valleys in the eloquent and ever-changing presence of these carved and tinted peaks is itself satisfaction. But to climb into their embrace, to know them in the intimacy of their bare summits and their flowered, glaciated gorges, is to turn a new and unforgettable page in experience. The park straddles the continental divide at a point of supreme magnificence. Its eastern gateway is beautiful Estes Park, a valley village of many hotels from which access up to the most noble heights and into the most picturesque recesses of the Rockies is easy and comfortable. Its western entrance is Grand Lake. Photograph by H. T. Cozding Odessa Lake Is Almost Encircled by Snow-Spattered Summits Photograph by H. T. Cowling Spruce-Girdled Fern Lake, Showing Little Matterhorn in Middle Distance Phoio'^raph by John king khernuDi The Chiseled Western Wall of Loch Vale PRECIPICE-WALLED GORGES Photograph by John King Sherman Chasm I.ake and Longs Peak. DISTINGUISHED fea- ture of the park is its profusion of chff-cradlecl, glacier-watered valleys unexcelled for wildness and the glor}^ of their flowers. Here grandeur and romantic beaut}^ compete. These valleys lie in two groups, one north, the other south of Longs Peak, in the angles of the main range; the northern group called the Wild Garden, the southern group called the Wild Basin. There are few spots, for instance, so impressively beautiful as Loch Vale, with its three shelved lakes Ij/ing three thousand feet sheer be- low Taylor’s Peak. Adjoining is Glacier Gorge at the foot of the precipitous north slope of Longs Peak, holding in rocky embrace its own group of thi'ee lakelets. The Wild Basin, with its wealth of lake and precipice, still remains unexploited and known to few. Few Mountain Gorges Are So Impressively Beautiful as Loch Vale Looking into the Park from the Twin Sisters Late Afternoon 'Fields Good Catches Photograph by Agnes If'. Faille Photograph by J. Burns Photograph by II. T. Cozvling Ice Floes Breaking from the Hallett Glacier Iceberg Lake Lies 2,000 Feet Below Trail Ridge Photograph hy II. T. Cotfling ~ To Know Them in the Intimacy of Their Bare Summits Is to Turn an Unforgettable Page in the Book of Experience Looking from Flattop across the Tpndall Glacier Gorge to the wind)' summit of Hallett Peak Midway ok the Range, Longs Peak Rears His Stately, Square-Crowned L This is the very heart of the Rockies; few photogi| d; a Veritable King of Mountains Calmly Overlooking All His Realm s so fully express the spirit of the Snowy Range THE KING AND HIS KINGDOM Photograph hy Enos Mills Mount Clarence King Snowy Range lies, roughly speaking, north and south. From valleys 8,000 feet high, the peaks rise from 12,000 to 14,000 feet. Longs Peak measures 14,255 feet. The gentler slopes are on the west, a region of loveliness, heavily wooded, diversified by gloriously modeled mountain masses, and wa- tered by many streams and rock-bound lakes. The western entrance. Grand Lake, is a thriv- ing center of hotel and cottage life. On the east side the descent from the con- tinental divide is steep in the extreme. Preci- pices two or three thousand feet plunging into gorges carpeted with snow patches and wild flowers are common. Seen from the east-side villages, this range rises in daring relief, craggy m outline, snow- spattered, awe-inspiring. Midway of the range and standing boldly forward from its western side. Longs Peak rears his lofty, square-crowned head. A veri- table King of Mountains — stalwart, majestic. Amazingly diversified is this favored region. The valleys are checkered with broad, flowery opens and luxuriant groves of white- stemmed aspens and dark-leaved pines. Sing- ing rivers and shining lakes abound. Frost- sculptured granite cliffs assume picturesque shapes. Alwa}^s some group of peaks has caught and held the wandering clouds. Very different are the mountain vistas. From the heights stretches on every hand a tumbled sea of peaks. Dark gorges open un- derfoot. Massive granite walls torn from their fastenings in some unimaginable upheaval in ages before man impose their gray faces. Far in the distance lie patches of molten silver which are lakes, and threads of silver which are rivers, and mists which conceal far-off val- leys. On sunny days lies to the east a dim sea which is the great plains. Photograph by George H. Harvey Grand Lake from the Continental Divide Photograph by H . T. Cowling Cache la Poudre Valley at Foot of Specimen Mountain METROPOLIS of BEAVERLAND Copyright by JJ'i wall Brothers. Denver An Aspen Thicket Trail Is a Path of Delight IE visitor will not forget the aspens in the Rock}^ Mountain National Park. Their white trunks and branches and their luxuriant bright green foliage are never out of sight. A trail through an aspen thicket is a path of delight. Because of the unusual aspen growths, the region is the favored home of beavers, who make the tender bark their principal food. Beaver dams block countless streams and beaver bouses emerge from the still ponds above. In some retired spots tbe engineering feats of gener- ations of beaver families may be traced in all their considerable range. Nowhere is the picturesqueness of timber-line more quickly and more easily seen. A horse after early breakfast, a steep mountain trail, an hour of unique enjoyment, and one may be back for late luncheon. Eleven thousand feet up, the winter struggles between trees and icy gales are grotesquely exhibited. The first sight of luxuriant En- gelman spruces creeping closely upon the ground Instead of rising a hun- dred and fifty' feet straight and true as masts is not soon forgotten. Many stems strong enough to partly' defy' the winters’ gales grow bent in half circles. Others, starting straight in shelter of some large rock, bend at right angles where they' emerge above it. Many succeed in lifting their trunks but not in growing branches except in their lee, thus sug- gesting great evergreen dust brushes. Photograph by Enos Mills Beaver Dams Block Countless Streams Photograph by Enos Mills Wind-Twisted Trees at Timber-Line r holi-^ruph hy Enus Mills RECORDS OF THE GEACIERS Fhotograph by //. T. Cowling Moonlight on Grand Lake FEATURE of this region is the read- ability of Its records of glacial action during the ages when America was making. In few other spots do these evidences, in all their variety, make themselves so prominent to the casual eye. There is scarcely any part of the eastern side where some enormous moraine does not force Itself upon passing atten- tion. One of the valley villages. Moraine Park, Is so named from a moraine built out for miles across the valley’s floor by an- cient parallel glaciers. Scarcely less prominent is the long curving hill called the Mills Moraine, after Enos Mills, the naturalist, who is known in Colorado as “the father of the Rocky Mountain National Park.” In short, this park is Itself a primer of glacial geology whose simple, self-evident lessons im- mediately disclose the key to one of nature’s chiefest scenic secrets. Copyright by JViszvall Brothers^ Denver Fall River at the Close of Day Modeled Mountain Masses Photograph by George C. Barnard, Deliver An Ideal Country for Winter Sports Phutograph by II. 7 ’. CqivIui^ " 1 'hk Stanli y Hotm, EASY TO REACH AND TO SEE accessibility of the Rocky Mountain National Park is apparent by a glance at any map. Denver and St. Louis are less than thirty hours from Chicago, two days only from New York. A half day from Denver wdl put you m Estes Park. Once there, comfortable in one of its many hotels of varying range of tariff, and the summits and the gorges of this mountain-top paradise resolve them- selves into a choice between foot and horseback. There are also a few most comfortable houses and several somewhat primi- tive camps within the park’s boundaries at the very foot of its noblest scenery. Longs Peak Inn; Altitude 9,000 Feet I.ones Peak (14,255 feet) in the center of the triple mountain group, flanked by Mount Meeker on the right and Mount Lady Washington on the left; across their front is the Mills Moraine THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE Arranged chronologically in the order of their creation [Number, 14; Total Area, 7,290 Square Miles] NATIONAL PARK and Date LOCATION AREA in square miles DISTINCTIVE characteristics Hot Springs Reser- vation 1832 Middle Arkansas 46 hot springs possessing curative properties — Many hotels and boarding-houses in adjacent city of Hot Springs — bath-houses under public control. Yellowstone 1872 North- western Wyoming 3,348 More geysers than in all rest of world together — Boiling springs — Mud volcanoes — Petrified forests — Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, remarkable for gorgeous coloring — Large lakes — Many large streams and waterfalls — Vast wilderness inhabited by deer, elk, bison, moose, antelope, bear, mountain sheep, beaver, etc., constituting greatest wild bird and animal preserve in world — Altitude 6,000 to 11,000 feet — Exceptional trout fishing. Yosemite 1890 Middle eastern California I,I 2 S Valley of world-famed beauty — Lofty cliffs — Romantic vistas — Many waterfalls of extraordinary height — 3 groves of big trees — High Sierra — Large areas of snowy peaks — Waterwheel falls — Good trout fishing. Sequoia 1890 Middle eastern California 237 The Big Tree National Park — 12,000 sequoia trees over 10 feet in diameter, some 25 to 36 feet in diameter — Towering mountain ranges — Startling precipices — Fine trout fishing. General Grant 1890 Middle eastern California 4 Created to preserve the celebrated General Grant Tree, 35 feet in diameter — six miles from Sequoia National Park and under same management. Mount Rainier 1899 West central Washington 324 Largest accessible single-peak glacier system — 28 glaciers, some of large size — Forty-eight square miles of glacier, fifty to five hundred feet thick — Remarkable sub-alpine wild-flower fields. Crater Lake 1902 South- western Oregon 249 Lake of extraordinary blue in crater of extinct volcano, no inlet, no outlet — Sides 1,000 feet high — Interesting lava for- mations — Fine trout fishing. Mesa Verde 1906 South- western Colorado 77 Most notable and best-preserved prehistoric cliff dwellings in United States, if not in the world. Platt 1906 Southern Oklahoma Sulphur and other springs possessing curative properties — Under Government regulations. Glacier 1910 North- western Montana 1,534 Rugged mountain region of unsurpassed Alpine character — ■ 250 glacier-fed lakes of romantic beauty — 60 small glaciers — Peaks of unusual shape — Precipices thousands of feet deep — Almost sensational scenery of marked individuality — Fine trout fishing. Rocky Mountain 1915 North middle Colorado 358 Heart of the Rockies — Snowy range, peaks 11,000 to 14,250 feet altitude — Remarkable records of glacial period. National Parks of less popular interest are: Sully’s Hill, 1904, North Dakota Wind Cave, 1903, South Dakota Casa Grande Ruin, 1892, Arizona Wooded hilly tract on Devil’s Lake. Large natural cavern. Prehistoric Indian ruin. HOW TO REACH THE NATIONAL PARKS 1 lie map shows tlie location of all of our National Parks anti their principal railroad connections. I he traveler may work out his routes to suit himself. Low round-trip excursion fares to the American Rocky Mountain region and Pacific Coast may be availed of in visiting the National Parks during their respective seasons, thus materially reducing the cost of the trip. Trans- continental through trams and branch lines make the Parks easy of access from all parts of the United States. For schedules and excursion fares to and between the National Parks write to the Passenger Departments of the railroads which appear on the above map, as follows: Arizona Eastern Railroad - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Tucson, Ariz. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway ------- 1 1 19 Railway Exchange, Chicago, 111 . Chicago & North Western Railway ------- 226 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111 . Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. - - - . 547 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, III. Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Railway Exchange, Chicago, III. Colorado and Southern Railway ------- Railway Exchange Building, Denver, Colo. Denver & Rio Grande Railroad Co. ------- Equitable Building, Denver, Colo. Great Northern Railway ----- Railroad Building, Fourili and Jackson Streets, St. Paul, Minn. Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway - - Galveston, Texas, Illinois Central Railroad - Central Station, Chicago, III. Missouri Pacific Railway - -- -- -- - Railway Exchange Building, St. Louis, Mo. Northern Pacific Railway - - _ _ Railroad Building, Fifth and Jackson Streets, St. Paul, Minn. San Pedro, Los .Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad - - . Pacific Electric Building, Los .Angeles, Calif. Southern Pacific Company - -- -- -- -- Flood Building, San Francisco, Calif. Union Pacific System ------ Garland Building, 58 East Washington Street. Chicago, III. Wabash Railway - -- -- -- -- -- Railway Exchange Building, St. Louis, Mo. Western Pacific Railway - -- -- -- -- - Mills Building, Sau Francisco, Calif. For information about sojourning and traveling within the National Parks write to tlie Depart- ment of the Interior for the Information circular of the Park or Parks in which you are interested. REMEMBER THAT ROCKY MOUNTAIN BELONGS TO YOU IT IS ONE OF THE GREAT NA I IONAL PLAYGROUNDS OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE FOR WHOM IT IS ADMINISTERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PRESS OF CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS, NEW YORK THE GRAND CANYON OF THE COLORADO RIVER IN ARIZONA By Far the Most Sublime of All Earthly Spectacles.” — Charles Dudley Warner ISSUED by THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Photograph hy George R. King “It Is Beyond Comparison — Beyond Description; Absolutely Unparalleled Throughout the Wide World.” — Theodore Roosevelt Photograph by H. T. Cozvling Leaving El Tovar for the Rim Drive COLOSSUS OF CANYONS ORE mysterious in its depth than the Himalayas in their height,” writes Professor John C. Van Dyke, “the Grand Canyon re- mains not the eighth but the first wonder of the world. There is nothing like it.” Even the most superficial description of this enormous spectacle ma)' not be put in words. The wanderer upon the rim overlooks a thousand square miles of pyramids and minarets carved from the painted depths. Many miles away and more than a mile below the level of his feet he sees a tin}' silver thread which he knows is the giant Colorado. He is numbed by the spectacle. At first he cannot comprehend it. There is no measure, nothing which the eye can grasp, the mind fathom. It may be hours before he can even slightly adjust himself to the titanic spectacle, before it ceases to be utter chaos; and not until then does he begin to exclaim in rapture. And he never wholly adjusts himself, for with dawning appreciation comes growing wonder. Comprehension lies always just beyond his reach. The Colorado River is formed by the confluence of the Grand and the Green Rivers. Together they gather the waters of three hundred thousand square miles. Their many canyons reach this magnificent climax in northern Arizona. The Grand Canyon is a national monument administered by the Department of Agriculture. Copyright by Fred Harvey “A Pageant of Ghastly Desolation and Yet of Frightful Vitality, Such as Neither Dante Nor Milton in Their Most SubLime Conceptions Ever Even Approached.” — William Winter Copyright by Fred Harvey “A Gigantic Statement for Even Nature to Mare All in One Mighty Stone Word. Wildness So Codeul, Cosmic, Primeval, Bestows a New Sense of Earth’s Beauty and Size.” — John Muir Photograph by lUnry Furnnann The Rim Road Affords Many Glorious Views BY SUNSET AND MOONRISE HEN the light falls into it, harsh, direct, and searching,” writes Hamlin Garland, “it is great, but not beautiful. The lines are chaotic, disturbing — but wait ! The clouds and the sunset, the moonrise and the storm, will transform it into a splendor no mountain range can surpass. Peaks will shift and glow, walls darken, crags take fire, and graj^-green mesas, dimly seen, take on the gleam of opalescent lakes of mountain water.” Copyright by Fred Harvey Hermit’s Rest, Near the Head of the Hermit Trail to the River Photograph by H. T. CozvHng “Is Any Fifty Miles of Mother Earth as Fearful, or Any Part as Fearful, as Full of Glory, as I ull of God?” — Joaouin Miller Photograph by II. T. Cozvling Still Farther Down the FIermit Trail PAINTED IN MAGIC COLORS IE blues and the graj^s and the mauves and the reds are second in glory only to the canyon’s size and sculpture. The colors change with every changing hour. The morning and the evening shadows play magicians’ tricks. “It seems like a gigantic statement for even Nature to make all In one mighty stone word,” writes John Muir. “Wildness so Godful, cosmic, prime- val, bestows a new sense of earth’s beauty and size. . . . But the colors, the living, rejoicing colors, chanting morning and evening m chorus to heaven ! Whose brush or pencil, however lovingly inspired, can give us these.? In the supreme flaming glory of sunset the whole canyon Is transfigured, as if the life and light of centuries of sunshine stored up m the rocks was now being poured forth as from one glorious fountain, flooding both earth and sky.” Photograph by H. T. Cotvling Near the Bottom, Showing Hermit Camp at the Foot of a Lofty Monument This photograph was taken several r-ears ago. The camp has since been greatly enlarged, affording most comfortable entertainment overnight Photograph by F. A. Lathe The Profound Abyss ROMANTIC INDIAN LEGEND IE I ndians believed the Grand Canyon the road to heaven. A great chief mourned the death of his wife. To him came the god Ta-vwoats and offered to prove that his wife was in a hap- pier land by taking him there to look upon her happiness. Ta- vwoats then made a trail through the protecting mountains and led the chief to the happy land. Thus was created the canyon gorge of the Colorado. On their return, lest the unworthy should find this happy land, Ta-vwoats rolled through the trail a wild, surging river. Thus was created the Colorado. Photograph by U. S. Forest Serz'ice The Gorge Near the Mouth of Shinumo Creek I Copyright by Fred Harvey' Sunset from Pima Point. “Peaks Will Shift and Glow, Walls Darken, le, and Gray-Green Mesas, Dimly Seen, Tare on the Gleam of Opalescent Lakes.” ^RLAND Photograph hy U. T. (fowling 'I'hf. Lookout at the Head of the I^right Angel Trail Near El Tovar Photograph hy H. T. Cozvling Waiting for the Signal to Start Down Brigeit Angel Trail One may descend to the river's edge and back in one day by this trail Copyright by Fred Harvey The Celebrated Jacob’s Ladder on the Brioim Angel Trail The photograph ..lionv how bro,ul and safe are the Grand Cany.jn trails. Fh :re is lEi daneer ir Photograph by Putnam Valentine From Grand View. “But Wait! The- Clouds and the Sunset, the Moonrise and the Storm, Will Transform It into a Splendor No Mountain Range Can Supv.pass.” — Hamlin Garland Copyright by Fred Harvey When Clouds and Canyon Meet and Merge MASTERPIECE OE EROSION am falling in the plowed field forms rivulets m the furrows. The rivulets unite m a muddy torrent in the roadside gutter. With suc- ceeding showers the gutter wears an ever-deepening channel in the soft soil. With the passing season the gutter becomes a gully. Here and there, in places, its banks undermine and fall in. Here and there the rivulets from the field wear tiny tributary gullies. Between the breaks m the banks and the tributaries, irregular masses of earth remain standing, sometimes resembling mimic cliffs, sometimes washed and worn into mimic peaks and spires. Such roadside erosion is familiar to us all. A hundred times we have idl}^ noted the fantastic water-carved walls and mmaretted slopes of these ditches. But seldom, perhaps, have we realized that the muddy roadside ditch and the world-famous Grand Canyon of the Colorado are, from nature’s stand- point, identical; that they differ onh' m soil and size. Th e and States of our great Southwest constitute an enormous plateau or table-land from four to eight thousand feet above sea-level. Rivers gather into a few desert water s}'stems. The largest of these is that which, in its lower courses, has, in unnumbered ages, worn the mighty chasm of the Colorado. PholO}^raph h \ V . S’. Forest Service _ i t~» On the Mighty Rivers Brinic A Quiet Stretch between Two Rapids \\ ithin tlu; Canyon the river is crossed by cars suspended on wire cables, and also, in quiet reaches, by boats; there are no bridges Copyright by Fred Harvey Where the River Rests Below the Celebrated Marble Canyon before Taking Its Plunge into the Gigantic Canyon Below The Colorado rolls through many miles of vast canyons before it reaches Grand Canyon POWELCS GREAT ADVENTURE HE Grand Canyon was the culminating scene of one of the most stirring adventures in the history of American exploration. For hundreds of miles the Colorado and its tributaries form a mighty network of mighty chasms which few had ventured even to enter. Of the Grand Canvon, deepest and hugest of all, tales were current of whirlpools, of hundreds of miles of underground passage, and of giant falls whose roaring music could he heard on distant mountain summits. The Indians feared it. Even the hardiest of frontiersmen refused it. It remained for a geologist and a school-teacher, a one-armed veteran of the Civil War, John Weslet" Powell, afterward director of the United States Geological Survey, to dare and to accomplish. This was in 1869. Nine men accompanied him m four boats. There proved to be no impassable whirlpools in the Grand Canyon, no underground passages and no cataracts. But the trip was hazardous in the extreme. The adventurers faced the unknown at every bend, daily — some- times several times daily — embarking upon swift rapids without guessing upon what rocks or in what great falls they might terminate. Continually the}^ upset. The}' were unable to build fires sometimes for days at a stretch. Four men deserted, hoping to climb the walls, and were never heard from again — and this happened the ver}' dav' before Major Powell and his faithful half dozen floated clear of the Grand Canyon into safety. Photograph by Geological lauri'ey Two OF THE Boats Used by Major Powell in Exploring the Canyon Photograph by El Tovar Studio Memorial Just Erected by the Department of the Interior to Major John Wesley Powell It stands on the rim at Sentinel Point. Upon the altar which crowns it will blaze ceremonial fires EASY TO REACH AND TO SEE is possible to get a glimpse of the Grand Canj'on bj' lengthening our transcontinental trip one dat^, but this day' must be spent ither on the run or in one hasty rush down the Bright Angel Trail a the river’s edge; one cannot do both the same day. Two ardu- ous days, therefore, will give you a rapid glance at the general features. Three ^ days will enable you to substitute the newer Hermit Trail, with a night in the i canyon, for the Bright Angel Trail. Four or five days will enable you to see '■[ the Grand Canyon; but after j'ou see it r'ou will want to live with it awhile. 1 1 There are two other trails, the Bass Frail and the Grand View, i; Ihe canjmn should be seen first from the rim. Hours, days, may be spent ; in emotional contemplation of this vast abj'ss. Navajo Point, Grand \dew, : Shoshone Point, El Tovar, Hopi Point, Sentinel Point, Pima Point, Yuma i Point "he Hermit Rim — these are a few onlj" of many spots of inspiration, i An altogether different experience is the descent into the abi'ss. This is : I done on mule-back over trails which zigzag steeply but safely down the cliffs. The hotels, camps, and facilities for getting around are admirable. Your ■ sleeper brings you to the very rim of the canyon. Copyright by Fred Harvey IIopi House at El Tovar, Reproduced from an Ancient Hopi Community Dwelling THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE Arranged chronologically in the order of their creation [Number, 14; Total Area, 7,290 Square Miles] NATIONAL PARK and Date LOCATION AREA in square miles DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS Hot Springs Reser- vation 1832 Middle Arkansas T-yi 46 hot springs possessing curative properties — Many hotels and boarding-houses in adjacent city of Plot Springs — bath-houses under public control. Yellowstone 1872 North- western Wyoming 3,348 More geysers than in all rest of world together — Boiling springs — Mud volcanoes — Petrified forests — Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, remarkable for gorgeous coloring — Large lakes — Alany large streams and waterfalls — Vast wilderness inhabited by deer, elk, bison, moose, antelope, bear, mountain sheep, beaver, etc., constituting greatest wild bird and animal preserve in world — Altitude 6, coo to 11,000 feet — Exceptional trout fishing. Yosemite 1890 Middle eastern California I,I 2 S Valley of world-famed beauty — Lofty cliffs — Romantic vistas — Many waterfalls of extraordinary height — 3 groves of big trees — Pligh Sierra — Large areas of snowy peaks — Waterwheel falls — Good trout fishing. Sequoia 1890 Middle eastern California 237 The Big Tree National Park — 12,000 sequoia trees over 10 feet in diameter, some 25 to 36 feet in diameter — Towering mountain ranges — Startling precipices — I’ine trout fishing. General Grant 1890 Middle eastern California 4 Created to preserve the celebrated General Grant Tree, 35 feet in diameter — six miles from Sequoia National Park and under same management. Mount Rainier 1899 West central Washington 324 Largest accessible single-peak glacier system — 28 glaciers, some of large size — Forty-eight square miles of glacier, fifty to five hundred feet thick — Remarkable sub-alpine wild-flower fields. Crater La::e 1902 South- western Oregon 249 Lake of extraordinary blue in crater of extinct volcano, no inlet, no outlet — Sides 1,000 feet high — Interesting lava for- mations — Fine trout fishing. Mesa Verde 1906 South- western Colorado 77 Most notable and best-preserved prehistoric cliff dwellings in L^nited States, if not in the world. Platt 1906 Southern Oklahoma lV 2 Sulphur and other springs possessing curative properties — Under Government regulations. Glacier 1910 North- western Montana i,S 34 Rugged mountain region cf unsurpassed Alpine character — 250 glacier-fed lakes of romantic beauty — 60 small glaciers — Peaks of unusual shape — Precipices thousands of feet deep — Almost sensational scenery of marked individuality — Fine trout fishing. Rocky Mountain 191S North middle Colorado 00 Heart of the Rockies — Snowy range, peaks 11,000 to 14,250 feet altitude — Remarkable records of glacial period. National Parks of less popular interest am: Sully’s Hill, 1904, North Dakota Wooded hilly tract on Devil’s Lake. Wind Cave, 1903, South Dakota Large natural cavern. Casa Grande Ruin, 1892, Arizona Prehistoric Indian ruin. HOW TO REACH THii. . ^AL PARKS The map shows tlie location of all of our National Parks and their principal railroad connections. The traveler may work out his routes to suit himself. Low round-trip excursion fares to the American Rocky Mountain region and Pacific Coast may be availed of in visiting the National Parks during their respective seasons, thus materially reducing the cost of the trip, t rans- continental through trains and branch lines make the Parks easy of access from all parts of the United States. For schedules and excursion fares to and between the National Parks write to the Passenger Departments of the railroads which appear on the above map, as follows: Arizona ItAfTERN Railroad - -- -- -- -- -- - - Tucson, Ariz. Atuuson, Tj.’eka & Santa Fe Railway ------ -iii 9RaiKvay Exchange, Chicago, III. Chicago & North Wester.n Railway ------- 226 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111. Chicago, Burlington C< Quincy Railroad Co. - - - - 547 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, III. Chicago, Milwaukee ^ St. Paul Railway ------- Railway Exchange, Chicago, III. Colorado and Southern Railway ------- Railway Exchange Building, Denver, Colo. Denver & Rio Grande Railroad Co. Equitable Building, Denver, Colo. Great Northern Railway ----- Railroad Building, Fourth and Jackson Streets, St. Paul, Minn. Gulf, Colorado S: Santa Fe R\ilway - - Galveston, Texas. Illinois Central Railroad Cent ral Station, Chicago, 111. Missouri Pacific Railway - -- -- -- - Railway Exchange Building, St. Louis, Mo. Northern Pach ic Railw/Ay - - - - Railroad Building, Fifth and Jackson Streets, St. Paul, Minn. San Pedro, Los .Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad - - - Pacific Electric Building, Los Angeles, Calif. Southern Pacific Company - - Flood Building, San Francisco, Calif. Union Pacific System Garland Building, 58 East Washington Street, Chicago, 111. Wabash Railway - -- -- -- -- -- Railway Exchange Building, St. Louis, Mo. Western Pacific Railway - -- -- -- -- - Mills Building, San Francisco, Calif. For information about sojourning and traveling within the National Parks write to the Depart- ment of the Interior for the Information circular of the Park or Parks in which you are interested. 3, REMEMBER THAT GRAND CANYON BELONGS TO YOU IT IS ONE OF THE GRE.^T NATIONAL PLAYGROUNDS OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE PRESS OF CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, NEW YORK r^t,'rffffifrt.%’r, av- V. ,Vf, :. ut/r ‘ fiMmmimi 7/J^A^V^'^V'A‘^rV^V^V/'w mm WiffSwtM’ihki' iUamSmml'msU WiWm nmm wm Tihhhnnt, ?!2li/vt.*>- -;i nliHHk’ ,,/i 'I ' '/ j;/i' ) ) e ij fifiB iKiSWKBl