II ItEMOVAL LINDSAY & BLAKISTON, 15 d b I i s I] r r s, 33 o o k s 1 1 h r AND BOOKBINDERS, HAVE REMOVED TO THEIR N E W STORE, 25 South Sixth Street, above Chestnut, PHILADELPHIA, , WHERE, WITH MORE ROOM, AND INCREASED FACILITIES, TJ INTEND CONTINUING THE PUBLISHING, BOOKS ELLIN AND BINDING BUSINESS, IN ALL ITS BRANCHES. They will always keep on hand a general assortment of MEDICAL, SCIENTIFIC, CLASSICAL, SCHOOL, A MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS. Orders from Booksellers, Libraries, or Sehools, for Books iiny department of literature, will receive prompt attent: and the books will be furnished at the very lowest prices Lists of their own publications, or complete catalogues Medical and Scientific Btioks, will be furnished, upon appli tion being made to them fey mail or otherwise. Foreign Bo imported to order. i.WHiO.XS. rat**/ ^ja^ufa^—j PHILADELPHIA. AS I ! IS W tut, blished fee LINDSAY K- ULAklSTO.Y The Subscribers HAVING in connection with their store A LARGE Are prepared to make to order, in a superior manner, and at low prices, BLANK, AND MERCANTILE ACCOUNT BOOKS, of all kinds, suitable for BANKS, PUBLIC OFFICES, HOTELS, or for THE COUNTING ROOM. The assortment which they keep on hand includes LEDGERS, RECEIPT, JOURNALS, LETTER, DAY, RECORD, CASH, BANK, INVOICE, MEMORANDA, ORDER, SCRAP, and other Books, of every variety, size, and style of binding. BOOKS FOR BANKS OR PUBLIC OFFICES, REGISTERS FOR HOTELS, DOCKETS FOR MAGISTRATES, ETC, MADE PROMPTLY TO ORDER. LINDSAY & BLAKISTON, 25 South Sixth Street, above Chestnut. i PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS, IN 18 52: BEING A CORRECT GUIDE TO ALL THE PUBLIC BUILDINGS ) LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, AND BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS J AND PLACES OF AMUSEMENT; REMARKABLE OBJECTS ; MANUFACTORIES; COMMERCIAL WAREHOUSES ; AND WHOLESALE AND RETAIL STORES IN PHILADELPHIA AND ITS VICINITY. 'ftHtjj SlUittatiisii AM) A MAP OF THE CITY AND ENVIRONS. BY R. A. SMITH. PHILADELPHIA: LINDSAY AND BLAKISTON. 1852. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1852. BY R. A. SMITH, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 0. SHERMAN, PKINTEI:, 19 St. James Street. PUBLISHERS' NOTICE. The Subscribers, in offering to the public this work, would recommend it to their patronage from its intrinsic value as a complete guide for strangers and others to all places of interest and attraction in the city, as well as an advertising medium of rare advantage — the benefits of which are incalculable, except to those who have paid attention to the "Philosophy of Advertising," and found the rich harvest gathered from the many seeds sown in this way ; while others, from being " penny wise and pound foolish," have found, alas, when too late, the fatal error they have fallen into by saying that "no- body reads advertisements." This remark may apply to some works, but certainly not to this, in which the attractive qualities of their offices and merchandise are served up in so peculiar and inviting a form. iv publishers' notice. This work will be published annually, with additions and improvements, embracing descriptions of private mansions, country-seats, &c, &c, in the vicinity of Philadelphia, with an account of the principal events of the previous year, making it in fact "Philadelphia as it is," in each and every year. Lindsay & Blakiston, Publishers. March 1, 1852. ILLUSTRATIONS. Map of the City of Philadelphia and Environs. Girard College, ...... Frontispiece. Illuminated Title Page (by Sinclair) State House, or Independence Hall, . . . Page 22 Lindsay and Blakiston's New Store, Sixth Street, . 24 The Old State House Bell, ..... 29 United States Custom House, .... 33 Commissioners' Hall, Spring Garden, . . .39 Fairmount Water-Works, ..... 47 United States Mint, ...... 65 Jenkins and Co., Tea Warehouse, Ninth and Market Streets, 68 Chestnut Street Theatre, ..... 73 Fairhill Steam Cordage Factory, . . . .78 Musical Fund Hall, ...... 81 Merchants' Exchange, East view, . . . .89 Merchants' Exchange, North view, ... 93 Bank of North America, . . . . .97 Reed, Brothers and Co., Clothing Warehouse, Market Street, 98 Bank of Pennsylvania, ..... 99 Philadelphia Bank, ..... 101 1 vi ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE Girard Bank, ...... 103 Philadelphia Savings Fund Building, 66 Walnut Street, 106 Penn Building, Third and Dock Streets, 109 Vandyke Building, Third and Chestnut Streets, . 113 University of Pennsylvania, • 115 Central High School, ..... . 135 Lovering & Co.'s Steam Sugar Refinery, Church Alley, 138 Jacob Reed's Wholesale Clothing Warehouse, Fifth and Marl tet Streets, ....... 142 Goldsmiths' Hall, Library Street, 144 R. Lindsay & Co., Bookstore, Fourth and Chestnut Streets, 148 Philadelphia Academy of the Visitation, . 149 Pascal Iron Works, ...... 155 Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, 159 Jefferson Medical College, ..... 163 Pennsylvania College, ..... . 169 Philadelphia College, ..... ' 173 Homoeopathic Medical College, .... 177 Bennett & Co., Wholesale Clothing House, 182 Stokes & Buzby, Wholesale Clothing House, 186 Adams' Patent Steam Power Pre«s, 192 Philadelphia Library, ..... 194 The Athengeum, ...... 199 Academy of Natural Sciences, .... . 203 The Mercantile Library, ..... 211 Mason's Blacking and Ink Warehouse, . 218 M'Curdy & Son, Boot and Shoe Warehouse. 220 M'Allister's Compound Microscopo, . 223 Spring Garden Institute, ..... 227 Hacker's China Warehouse, .... . 234 Kent, Santee & Co., Dry Goods Establishment, 240 ILLUSTRATIONS. vii PAGE Pennsylvania Hospital, ...... 250 Statue of William Penn, ..... 252 Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, .... 258 Institution for the Blind, ..... 260 Wills' Hospital, 263 Preston Retreat, ...... 269 Penn's Treaty with the Indians, .... 278 Christ Church, 283 St. Mark's Church, . . . . . .288 Seventh, or Penn Square Presbyterian Church, . . 295 Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul, . . . .302 Spruce Street Baptist Church, .... 310 Trinity Methodist Church, . . . . .316 St. Mark's Lutheran Church, .... 318 Second Dutch Reformed Church, . . . .320 Unitarian Church, ...... 322 Third fTebrew Synagogue, ..... 323 Odd Fellows' Hall, Sixth Street, .... 328 Baird's Marble Works, . . . . . .332 Front of Laurel Hill Cemetery, .... 333 Thorn's Celebrated Group, at Laurel Hill, . . . 335 General Hugh Mercer's Tomb, at Laurel Hill, . . 339 John Cook's Monument, at Laurel Hill, . . . 341 Stephen Decatur Lavalette, U. S. N., Tomb at Laurel Hill, 343 Maple's Marble Works, . ..... 350 The Coleman Monument, ..... 351 Philadelphia Steam Marble Works, .... 354 Odd Fellows' Cemetery, ..... 355 Monument Cemetery, ...... 359 More & Gallagher's Iron Foundry, . . . 360 Frontispiece to the Woodland Cemetery, . . . 361 Vlll 1 LL U STRATION S . PAGE Tomb in the French Style, . . . . . 363 Port Richmond Iron Foundry, ..... 365 Saurman & Co.'s Steam Model Works, . . . 368 Fritz, Williams & Hendry, Leather and Morocco Warehouse, . 372 Charles Ellis & Co., Drug Warehouse, . . . 374 Horstmann & Son's Lace and Military Goods Establishment, . 376 King & Baird's Printing Office, .... 380 The Eastern Penitentary, ..... 381 County Prison, ...... 387 Moran & Sickels' Printing Office, .... 391 Market Street Railroad Bridge, .... 415 The Girard House, . . . . . .419 The Penn Cottage, ...... 425 The Slate-Roof House, . . . . . .427 Carpenters' Hall, ... . 431 Farquhar Building, ...... 435 CONTENTS. A Word to the Reader, . . . . . .13 A Talk about the Past and Present History of the City, . 14 Location and General Description, . . . .16 CHAPTER I. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. The State House. United States Custom House. Custom House Stores. United States Storekeeper's Office. United States Inspectors of Customs, and Tidewaiters. Wardens of the Port. Harbour Master. City Tobacco Warehouse. United States Arsenal, on the Schuylkill. United States Arsenal, near Frank- ford. State Arsenal. Commissioners' Hall — Southwark, Moya- mensing, Kensington, Northern Liberties, Richmond, Spring Garden. Markets — High Street Market, South Second Street Market, North Second Street Market, Callowhill Street Mar- ket, Shippen Street Market, Maiden Street Market, Spring Garden Market, Girard Market, Moyamensing Market, Frank- lin Market, Eleventh Street Market. Wholesale Provision Trade. Water-Works — The Fairmount Water-Works, Spring Garden and Northern Liberties Water-Works. Gas-Works — Philadelphia Gas-Works, Spring Garden Gas-Works, Northern Liberties Gas-Works. The Navy Yard. The United States Dry Dock. United States Mint. Philadelphia Post-Office. Blood's Despatch Post, . . . . . .23 CHAPTER II. PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. Chestnut Street Theatre. Walnut Street Theatre. Arch Street Theatre. Swaim's Building. Sansom Street Hall. Welch's National Theatre and Circus. The Philadelphia Museum Build- 1* X CONTENTS. ing. The Franklin Hall. The Masonic Hall. The Spring Garden Hall. Fotterall Hall. Musical Fund Hall. Public Squares — Independence Square, Washington Square, Franklin Square, The Penn Squares, Rittenhouse Square, Fairhill Square, Norris's Square, ..... CHAPTER III. COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONS. The Merchants' Exchange. Philadelphia Board of Trade. Banks — Bank of North America, Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank, the Bank of Pennsylvania, the Mechanics' Bank, the Philadelphia Bank, the Western Bank, the Girard Bank, the Bank of the Northern Liberties, Commercial Bank, Bank of Commerce, Bank of Penn Township, Southwark Bank, Manufacturers' Bank, Kensington Bank, Tradesmen's Bank, State Bank of New Jersey, at Camden (Branch in Philadelphia.) Western Savings Bank, Western Savings Association, Philadelphia In- surance Company's Equitable Insurance Company, Pennsylva- nia Insurance Company, Union Mutual Insurance Company, Delaware Mutual Insurance Company, The Girard Life Insu- rance Company, The Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company, The United States Life Insurance, Annuity, and Trust Com- pany, ........ CHAPTER IV. E DUCATIOX. The University of Pennsylvania. Girard College. Public Schools —The Central High School, The Normal School. The Control- lers and Directors of the Public Schools. Locust Street School, Zane Street School, Lombard Street School, North- eastern School, Northwestern School, Southeastern School, Southwestern School, Madison School, Jefferson School, Mount Vernon School, Weccacoe School, Monroe School, Hancock School, Livingston School, West Philadelphia School, Ringgold School, Norris School, Harrison School. The Philadelphia Society for the Establishment and Support of Charity Schools. Houses of Refuge. Academy of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Theological Seminary of St. Charles Borromeo. Philadelphia Academy of the Visitation. Society for the In- stitution and Support of First-day or Sunday Schools. Robert Raikes Union Sunday School. The Howard Sunday School. CONTENTS. xi The Aimwell School Society. Episcopal and Roman Catholic Parish Schools. The Presbyterian Institute. The Adelphia School. Free School for Coloured Children, . . .115 CHAPTER V. MEDICAL COLLEGES. Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania. Jeffer- son Medical College. The Medical Institute. Pennsylvania College. The Philadelphia College of Medicine. The Phila- delphia Association for Medical Instruction. Homoeopathic Medical College. The Female Medical College of Pennsylvania. Eclectic Medical College of Pennsylvania. The Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, . . . . . .157 CHAPTER VI. L I T E R A K Y AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. American Philosophical Society. The Philadelphia Library Company. Loganian Library. The Athenreum. The His- torical Society of Pennsylvania. The Academy of Natural Sciences. The Mercantile Library. The Franklin Institute. Library of the Law Association of Philadelphia. The College of Physicians. The Library of the German Society. The Library of the University of Pennsylvania. The Library of the Pennsylvania Hospital. The Apprentices' Library. The Friends' Library. Spring Garden Institute. Southwark Li- brary. Northern Liberties Franklin Library. Jefferson Library and Literary Association. The Reading-Room Asso- ciation of Spring Garden. School of Design for Women. The Fine Arts — Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, The Art Union of Philadelphia, The Graphic Association of Philadel- phia, The Artists' Fund Association. The Press — Daily Morning Newspapers, Daily Evening Newspapers, Weekly Newspapers, Secular Weekly Newspapers (Religious), Sun- day Morning Newspapers. Monthly Periodicals — Godey's Magazine, Graham's Magazine, Sartain's Magazine, Peter- son's Magazine, Journal of the Franklin Institute, Odd Fel- lows' Magazine, The Home and Foreign Record, The Presby- terian Magazine, The Banner of the Cross, The Mother's Journal, Examiner and Record of Medical Science, Medical News and Library. Quarterlies — The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, The American Journal of Dental Sciences, The American Journal of Pharmacy, Transactions xii C ON TENTS. of the College of Physicians, The Biblical Repertory and Princeton Review, The Protestant Quarterly Review. Semi- Annual — Ranking's Half-Yearly Abstract of the Medical Sciences; The Home, the School, and the Church ; Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Transactions of the Academy of Natural Science, ..... 187 CHAPTER VII. BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. The Pennsylvania Hospital. Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane. Friends' Asylum for the Insane. The United States Naval Asylum. Pennsylvania Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb. Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruc- tion of the Blind. Friends' Almshouse. Blockley Almshouse. Moyamensing Almshouse. The Wills' Hospital. The City Hospital. Christ Church Hospital. St. Joseph's Hospital. The Dispensaries — Philadelphia Dispensary, Northern Dis- pensary, Moyamensing Dispensary. Preston Retreat. Foster Home Association. House of Industry. The Widows' Asylum. Philadelphia Lying-in Asylum. St. Ann's Widows' Asylum. Roman Catholic Benevolent Society of Philadelphia. The Orphans' Society of Philadelphia. St. John's Orphans' Asylum. St. John's Female Orphans' Asylum. Magdalen Asylums — Magdalen Asylum, The House of the Good Shepherd, Rosine Asylum. Coloured Orphans' Asylum. Provident Society. Union Benevolent Society. The Northern Association for the Relief and Employment of Poor Women. The Temporary Home Association. Soup Societies and City Trusts. Beneficial Asso- ciations — The Humane Society for the Recovery of Drowned Persons, The Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Prisons, The Colonization Society, Abolition Society, Foreign Bene- volent Society, ....... 249 CHAPTER VIII. C H U EC H E S AND RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS. The Society of Friends. Friends' Meeting-Houses. Episcopal Churches — Gloria Dei, or Swedes' Church, Christ Church, St. Peter's Church, St. James' Church, St. Paul's Church, Church of the Epiphany, Church of the Atonement, Grace Church, St. Luke's Church, Church of the Ascension, Church of the Mediator, St. Philip's Church, St. Andrew's Church, St. Ste- phen's Church, St. John's Church, Church of the Advent, St. Mark's Church, St. Jude's Church, Church of the Nativity, CONTENTS. xiii Church of the Redemption, Church of the Messiah, St. Matthew's Church, Church of Emanuel, Church of the Evangelists, Trinity Church, All Saints Church, St. Mary's Church, Church of St. James the Less, Church of the Crucifixion, St. Thomas's (African) Church, The Floating Church of the Redeemer. Presbyterian Churches — First Presbyterian Church, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, or Penn Square Presby- terian Church, The Eighth, or Scots' Presbyterian Church, The Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh, Twelfth, Central, Clinton Street, Western, Logan Square, Spring Garden, Green Hill, and Union Presbyterian Churches ; First Presbyterian Church, Northern Liberties ; Central Presbyterian Church, Northern Liberties ; North Presbyterian Church, Northern Liberties; Penn Presby- terian Church ; First Presbyterian Church, Kensington ; Second Presbyterian Church, Kensington ; First Presbyterian Church, Southwark; Second Presbyterian Church, Southwark: Asso- ciate Presbyterian Church, First Associate Presbyterian Church, Second Associate Presbyterian Church, Associate Presbyterian Church, Southwark, First Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church, Second Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church, Third Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church, Fourth Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church, Fifth Asso- ciate Reformed Presbyterian Church, Reformed Presbyterian Church, Cumberland Presbyterian Church, First Independent Presbyterian Church, Second Independent Presbyterian Church, Reformed Presbyterian Church, Cohocksink Presbyterian Church, Presbyterian Church at Port Richmond, Germantown, Mantua, and West Philadelphia. First, Second, and Third African Presbyterian Churches. Presbyterian Church at Bridesburg, Frankford, and Manayunk. Presbyterian Board of Publication Building. Presbyterian Board of Education, Presbyterian Board of Domestic Missions. Roman Catholic Churches — Cathedral Church of St. Peter, Church of St. John the Evangelist, St. Augustine's Church, The Chapel of Our Lady of Consolation, St. Mary's Church, St. Joseph's Church, Trinity Church, St. Patrick's Church, St. Francis Xavier's Church, St. Philip de Neri's Church, St. Paul's Church, St. Peter's Church (German), Church of the Assumption, St. Ann's Church, St. Michael's Church, St. Mary's Church, Passyunk Catholic Church at Nicetown, German Catholic Church, Brides- burg ; Catholic Church, Germantown ; Catholic Church, Frank- ford ; Catholic Church, Manayunk ; St. Mary's Church, Mana- yunk; Catholic Church in West Philadelphia. Baptist Churches — The First Baptist Church, Second Baptist Church, Sansom Street Baptist Church, Third Baptist Church, Spruce Street Baptist Church, Schuylkill Baptist Church, Tabernacle Baptist Church, German Baptist Church, New Market Street Baptist Church, Hope Baptist Church, Tenth Baptist Church, Eleventh xiv COM TEN TS. Baptist Church, Mount Tabor Baptist Church, Twelfth Baptist Church, Broad Street Baptist Church, North Baptist Church, "West Kensington Baptist Church, West Philadelphia Baptist Church, The First African Baptist Church, Second African Baptist Church, Clifton Street African Baptist Church, Fourth African Baptist Church. American Baptist Publication So- ciety. Methodist Churches — St. George's Church, Salem Church, Nazareth Church, Union Church, Trinity Church, Western Church, Fifth Street Church, Eighth Street Church, Harmony Church, St. John's Church, Sanctuary Church, Parrisli Street Church, Twelfth Street Church, German Metho- dist Church, Old Brick Church, Methodist Church, St. John's Church, Mount Zion Church, Wharton Street Church, Inde- pendent Church, Ebenezer Church, St. Paul's Church, John Wesley Church, Little Wesley Church, Zoar Church, Metho- dist Church, Bethel Church, Union Methodist Church, Metho- dist Church. Lutheran Churches — St. John's Church, Zion Church, St. Matthew's Church, German Lutheran Church, Zion and St. Michael's Church, St. Mark's Church, Lutheran Church, St. Michael's Church, Lutheran Church, Frankford. German Reformed Churches — First German Reformed Church, Second German Reformed Church, German Reformed Church in Manayunk and Roxborough. Dutch Reformed Churches — The First Dutch Reformed Church, Second Dutch Reformed Church. Moravian Church. Universalist Churches — The First Universalist Church, Second Universalist Church, Third Uni- versalist Church, Fourth Universalist Church. Unitarian Church. Hebrew Synagogues — The First Synagogue, Second Synagogue, Third Synagogue. The Bible Christians. Dis- ciples of Christ. The Covenanters. Menonists' or Dunker's Church. New Jerusalem Church. Union Chapel. Church of the United Brethren. Mariners' Church. The Bible — The Pennsylvania Bible Society. The Female Bible Society of Philadelphia. The Philadelphia Bible Society. The Northern Liberties Bible Society. Germantown Female Bible Society. Frankford Bible Society. Manayunk Bible Society. The Bible Association of Friends. American Sunday School Union. Miscellaneous Associations — The Society of Masons, Masonic Lodges, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Odd Fellows' Halls, The United Order of American Mechanics, The Independent Order of Good Fellows, The Improved Order of Red Men, Mu- tual Beneficial Associations. Temperance Societies — Order of the Sons of Temperance, Independent Order of Good Samari- tans, Daughters of Temperance, Daughters of Samaria, Cadets of Temperance, Pupils of Temperance, . . .2 CONTENTS. XV CHAPTER IX. C EMET EB I £8 OF PHIL A 1) E L P H I V. Laurel Hill Cemetery — Thorn's Celebrated Group, Godfrey's Monument, Tomb of Oscar Douglass, Tribute to the Memory of General and Major Twiggs, Walter Colton's Tomb, Tomb of General Hugh Mercer, of Joseph S. Lewis, of Commodore Hull, of Commodore H. Murray, of Stephen Decatur Lavalette, U. S. N., of Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler, of Charles A. Has- sler, of William Drayton, of Thomas McKean, President of the first Continental Congress, of William Short, of John Cook, of Dr. Morgan, U. S N., of John H. Beusse of South Carolina, of Charles Thomson, the Confidential Secretary of the first Con- gress, of Joseph C. Neal, Julius R. Friedlander, William Young Birch, and John Cook, Gothic Monument, The Coleman Monu- ment. South Laurel Hill — The Harrison Monument. Odd Fellows' Cemetery. Glenwood Cemetery. Monument Ceme- tery. Woodland Cemetery. ..... 363 CHAPTER X. THE CITY GOVERNMENT, POLICE, PRISONS, ETC. The City Police Department— Day Police, The City Watch. Se- lect Council. Common Council. Board of City Commissioners, City and County Commissioners, and Offices. The Consolidated Police Force of the City of Philadelphia. Consolidated Police Stations. The Lazaretto. United States Inspection Station at the Lazaretto. State Penitentiary for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia County Prison. Fire Depart- ment — Engine Companies. List of Officers of the City, Districts, and Institutions of Philadelphia, in 1852. Officers of the City of Philadelphia. City and County Officers. Guardians of the Poor, Visiters of the Poor. Board of Health — Officers of the Board of Health, Executive Officers of the Board of Health. Officers and Managers of the Pennsvlvania Hospital. Officers and Managers of the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane. Officers and Managers of the Philadelphia Dispensary. Officers and Directors of the various Banks. Custom House Officers, Inspectors, Clerks, &c. Fire Hose Companies. Hook and Ladder Fire Companies. Officers and Managers of the Phila- delphia Exchange Company. Insurance Companies. . . 307 XVI CON TEN TS. CHAPTER XI. INTER NAL IMPROVEMENTS. The Columbia and Pennsylvania Railroad. Railroad and Canal Companies — Philadelphia, Reading, and Pottsville Railroad, Philadelphia and Trenton Railroad, Camden and Amboy Rail- road, Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad, Norristown and Germantown Railroad, West Chester Railroad, The City Railroad, Southwark Railroad, Northern Liberties and Spring Garden Railroad. Steamboats. Ferry Boats. Bridges — The Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Rail- road Bridge, The Market Street Railroad Bridge, The Fair- mount Bridge, The Columbia or Reading Railroad Bridge, The Richmond Railroad Bridge, The Norristown Railroad Bridge, &c. Canals. Turnpike Roads. The Principal Hotels — The United States Hotel, Jones's Hotel, Chestnut Street, The Columbia House, The Washington House, The Girard Hotel, The Merchants' Hotel, The Franklin House, The American Hotel, Congress Hall, Eagle Hotel, &c, . . . 405 CHAPTER XII. Hi: LICS OF THE PAST. Perm's Cottage. Siate-Roof House. Loxley Hall. Old London Coffee House. Carpenters' Hall. Watson's Annals, &c. Con- clusion. Farquhar Building. Map of the City and Environs, 421 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS, IN 18 5 2. A WORD TO THE READER. Some may think it unnecessary to make any prefatory re- marks, by way of introduction, to a work of this character ; but when the number of " Hand-books/' " Guides/' &c, already pub- lished, is considered, we may surely be justified in giving the " wherefore" which has induced us to add another to the cata- logue, and thus make good our claim for a share of the public patronage and support, which we venture to believe ourselves entitled to. To the descriptions of Philadelphia and its vicinity, which have already been published, it has been justly objected that they contain mere descriptions of buildings, &c, which, how- ever correctly written, necessarily fail to arrest the attention, or impart that information and instruction, which books of this character are expected to afford. To remedy these and similar objections, the present work has been compiled, which, while it claims to be equal to any of its predecessors in general information, will, we hope, be considered superior, on account of its illustrations and descriptive detail. The map and en- gravings have been executed with great care. The illustra- tions comprehend some of the most interesting views and ob- jects in this city and its vicinity. If the work meet the requirements of the public, our object will be attained. 2 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. A TALK ABOUT THE PAST AND THE PRESENT HISTORY OF THE CITY. One hundred and seventy-one years ago, the site of Phila- delphia was a wilderness. Our beautiful streets, now alive with the ceaseless hum of industry and the turmoil of com- merce, was the hunting-ground of the Indian. Behold the change ! In the year 1681, the first settlers arrived from London, in the ship " Sarah and John," Captain Smith. The following year, William Pcnn, its great proprietor and founder, landed at the " Blue Anchor," near the mouth of Dock Creek. The object this celebrated man had in establishing " the new Colony" was, using his own words, " to afford an asylum to the good and oppressed of all nations, to frame a govern- ment which might be an example, to show men as free and as happy as they could be." "I am," he writes, " spending my life and my money without being a sixpence enriched by my greatness. Had I sought greatness only, I had stayed at home, where the difference between what I am, and was offered and could have been there, in power and wealth, is as wide as the places are apart." Everything connected with the settlement and early history of Philadelphia, indicates the enlarged and religious mind of this Pater Patriae. The very name he chose is impressive, as importing in its original Greek sense — " brotherly love." The plan and limits were on the most magnificent scale. Had those original plans been carried out, Philadelphia would now have been the most splendid city in the world. They were feared, however, to be too extensive, and the contemplated city was reduced to one-fourth of the original plan. The first house erected was the "Blue Anchor" tavern, THE PAST AND THE PRESENT. 15 situated near the mouth of Dock Creek, on the spot which is now the northwest corner of Dock and Front Streets. In 1684, the population was 2500 inhabitants. In the year 1701, Phila- delphia was incorporated into a city. It increased rapidly at that early day. In 1739, a resident writes, that it wafe the admiration of all people who saw or heard of its flourishing condition in lands, in building houses, and shipping, in manu- factures, and increase of population. At present, Philadelphia extends from Southwark to Rich- mond, a distance of nearly five miles j and from the Delaware to the Schuylkill. Innumerable steamboats, sailboats, &c, travel along her shores — merchantmen and packets bring her the wealth of the most distant climes. Still her progress is on- ward. The enterprise of her citizens was never more displayed than at present. Railroads and canals pour into her lap the treasures alike of our own mountains and the great valley of the glorious West. The city is extending with wondrous strides ; year by year streets are being laid out, and houses, extending away for squares, arise, as by the hand of magic, on ground that lately " waved in golden harvest/' Spring Garden and Penn, twelve years ago, were rural districts. Now look at them ! We remember rambling, five years since, through fields immediately north of Poplar Street, where are now beautiful streets, adorned with tasty, and, in many instances, magnificent houses. In the " west end," the change is no less extraordinary. Who does not remember the "duck ponds" and " commons out Broad Street?" They are gone, and houses unrivalled, in any city, for architectural taste and ele- gance, now line Vine, Race, Arch, Chestnut, Walnut, Locust, Spruce, and the intermediate streets. The Schuylkill no longer bounds us. Improvement is now in rapid march through the beautiful District of West Phila- 16 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. delphia. And no less marvellous are the changes taking place in Southwark, Moyamensing, kc. &c. Those of our citizens whose business or inclinations keep them from " rambling around/' will be astonished and bewildered on visiting what they*are apt to term the " outskirts of the city." A worthy gentleman, residing in Chestnut by Delaware Eighth Street, remarked to us the other day, that he lately took a walk out west of Broad Street, " and," said he, "I could not believe my eyes ; I thought this could not possibly be Philadelphia. The change, sir, is most wonderful \" LOCATION AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION. This beautiful city is situated on a plain, bounded on the east by the River Delaware, on the west by the River Schuyl- kill, about five miles above their junction. "The city," or that part of it incorporated by the city Charter, and under its jurisdiction, is bounded on the north by Vine Street, and on the south by Cedar or South Street. The adjoining districts of Spring Garden, Penn, Northern Liberties, Kensington, and Richmond, on the north, West Philadelphia, &c, on the west, and South wark, Moyamensing, &c, on the south, though governed by their own municipal authorities, ought always to be considered as forming a portion of the city, in a general and descriptive view. The length of Philadelphia, from the lower part of South- wark to Richmond, is about five miles ; its breadth, at Market Street (its narrowest part), is two miles. The soil is the very best for building purposes, consisting principally, of clay of various colours and degrees of tenacity, beneath which, at different depths, of from five to twenty feet, is found coarse gravel. LOCATION AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION. IT Philadelphia is, perhaps, the most healthy city in the United States. The air is sweet and clear, the sky serene and seldom overcast. The streets are wide and airy, crossing at right angles; they surpass all others in the world, in their conve- nience for trade and accommodation for passengers, and are well paved and kept remarkably clean. At night they are well lighted with gas. This metropolis is not celebrated for her palaces, yet she pos- sesses some edifices remarkable for both grandeur and beauty. Her buildings are more distinguished for their neatness and comfort. This applies to both public buildings and private dwellings. It is the ambition of many an American belle, to be mistress of a " Philadelphia three-story brick." To live within his own family free from interruption, contest, or in- trusion, to have his house clean and comfortable, his apart- ments adapted to their several purposes, and in every respect convenient, is our citizen's delight; to effect all these, the builder exerts his utmost skill. There is — and we say it without fear of contradiction — no other city, the inhabitants of which enjoy so many of the accommodations art can afford, as those of Philadelphia. Let foreigners talk of their splendid palaces, mansions, and rich dwellings ; theirs is but the parade of pomp and vanity, ours is social comfort. Most of the houses in this city are built on a uniform plan, being generally three stories high. Within the last few years, however, there has been a decided advance in the style of building, and our streets are now being adorned with edifices that are unrivalled for taste, elegance, and convenience. The original plan of this city was made by Thomas Holmes, and surveyed in 1683, in which nine principal streets were laid out running east and west, and twenty running north and south. Market, or High Street, intended for the principal dwellings, is 100 feet wide, Broad is 113, Arch, or Mulberry, 2* is PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. 66, Front 60, and the rest 50 feet wide. The intermediate streets were subsequently laid out. For a correct plan of all of which, see the accompanying map. Dock Street is the only one not crossed at right angles in the city. This marks the course of the once "Dock Creek." In olden times, trade and commerce, to a considerable extent, centred along its banks ; vessels came up as far as Third Street. Early writers speak frequently of the " beautiful prospect along the green banks of the pretty Dock Creek." In the winter, it was a fine " skating-place for the boys." Subsequently tan-yards, &c, took up their location here, soon rendering it a place " dan- gerous to the health of the city." It was finally filled up in 1784. In the original plan, Penn desired to preserve a clear view of the River Delaware from Front Street, restricting the buildings east of it to the height of the banks. What a noble promenade and exchange walk this would have formed ! It was also his intention " that each house should stand in the middle of its lot, so as to leave room for a garden, &c, that Philadelphia might be a green country town, which might never be burned down, and always be wholesome !" What a splendid appearance our streets would now present, if this idea had been carried out ! However, we must take the city as it is, and be thankful that it is so ; for few can rival it in the health, comfort, pleasure, and happiness of its inhabitants. Our city is not so thickly populated, for its extent, as some others. The streets are wide, and the inhabitants of every class enjoy more room than usual in large cities. Not only the merchant, wealthy manufacturer, and persons well to do in the world, occupy each an entire dwelling, but tradesmen of the most humble class can have a house to themselves. In 1840, the population of the city and county was 258,037 j at present it is about 440,000. The total number of dwelling houses in Philadelphia is about 60,000. THE COAL TRADE. 19 The wonderful increase of the city can be estimated by the fact, that there has been, on an average, over 3500 buildings erected annually for the past three years. During the last year our commerce has increased rapidly. At present there are one line of first class steamers and four lines of sailing packets plying between this port and Liverpool. One line of two fine steamers, running to Charleston, South Carolina. One, viz., the Union Steamship Company, between Philadelphia, Norfolk, Petersburg, and Richmond, Virginia. One to Boston, viz., the Philadelphia and Boston Steam Packet line, of two splendid vessels. One to Hartford, Con- necticut, two to New York, viz., the New York and Phila- delphia Independent Steamship line, via Cape May, and the Philadelphia and New York Steam Transportation Company's Merchants' and Swiftsure line, and one to Baltimore. Most of these vessels have been built in Philadelphia, and are unsurpassed as substantial sea-boats. The total number of ships, barques, brigs, schooners, steamers, barges, &c, entered in this port during the last year, was about 30,000. The value of imports, during the same period, $14,500,000. The Coal Trade. — During the year 1850, the total value of anthracite coal sent to market at tidewater, amounted to over sixteen million dollars. Who can estimate the immense in- crease of this valuable trade twenty years hence, when steam, to a great extent, shall have taken the place of sails, in vessels navigating the ocean and our extended coast ? The following statement shows the present extent of this branch of domestic commerce. The quantity of coal sent to market from the Lehigh in 1850 was 7,029,002 tons. From the Schuylkill, 15,176,623 tons. Lackawanna, 4,390,698 tons. Pine Grove, 525,733 tons. Lukens Valley, 96,935. Shamokin, 164,430 tons. Wyoming, 1,614,571,— being a total of 28,998,286 tons. Showing an 20 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. increase over the preceding year, of 97,506 tons. The increase for the years 1851-52, will, it is evident from present appear- ances, be much larger. The manufactures of the metropolis are very important, both as regards their magnitude and value ; indeed, the manu- facturing facilities of Philadelphia are unrivalled. Her vicinity abounds in immense water-power, and coal is to be obtained from our own mines at a low price. These, with the advantages of a home market, must continue to offer inducements to the manufacturer that cannot be equalled elsewhere. The goods and wares manufactured here consist of every variety. Articles of elegant use are brought to more than the ordinary degree of perfection. The following statement, showing the capital invested in manufacturing, value of the raw material consumed, number of hands employed, wages paid, and the value of the annual product of this branch of industry in this City and Districts, during the year ending June 1st, 1850, is taken from the Census returns, furnished us by A. E. Roberts, Marshal of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, viz. : Capital invested in manufacturing, $32,737,911 ; value of the raw material used, including fuel, &c, $33,515,366; average number of male hands employed, 43,304; average number of females employed, 14,804; average monthly cost of male labour, $1,062,799 ; average monthly cost of female labour, $208,584 ; value of the annual products, $62,815,011. These estimates embrace only those establishments pro- ducing articles to the annual value of over $500. We close these remarks with the following extract from the last Report of the Philadelphia Board of Trade. After alluding to the canals, railroads, and other improvements, connected with the city, together with those in contemplation, it goes on to say : MANUFACTURES. 21 " It is to be hoped that Philadelphia will not be content with what she has done. Her commercial destiny exacts some- thing more than self-complacent reflections on what she has accomplished ; for surely, if there is a spot on the face of the habitable globe, on which Nature, in the collocation and accu- mulation of her stores of mineral and agricultural wealth, has smiled benignantly and munificently, it is on this city. If intelligent foreigners, having the control of European capital, could be induced to scale the walls by which the pretensions of neighbouring communities endeavour to hide us from view, and come here and examine for themselves the resources and capa- bilities of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania — study, as suspiciously as they please, the social and moral character of her citizens, whether commercial men or not — find them, as they will, with rare exceptions, homogeneous as a population, of purely Ameri- can conservative sentiment, untainted by the fanaticism and dis- loyalty which exists in one direction, and oppressed by none of the social institutions which exist in another; — if capital from abroad, following the most purely selfish instinct, were to come here, seeking investments, nowhere could they be found more secure than in the internal commerce, the manufactures, the mining enterprises of Pennsylvania — in her public stocks, or in her real estate." PUBLIC BUILDINGS. '23 CHAPTER I. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. The State House, or Independence Hall. — This in- teresting relic of the past deserves especial notice, and few strangers leave our city without visiting its venerated halls. It was commenced in 1729, and completed in 1734. The size, style, and rich interior decorations of such a building, at so early a day, are an evidence of the public spirit of our former citizens. The architecture and plan of this edifice are from designs by J. Kearsely, the same who drew the plan of Christ Church. The builder was E. Wooley. The original cost was £5600. The two wings were erected in 1740. Al- though frequently renovated, it. presents the same appearance now, that it did in 1776. In the east room of the first story, the immortal Declaration of Independence was passed by Congress, July 4th, 1776. There are places which possess, in a peculiar degree, the power of awaking sensations in the mind. In their effect, we acknowledge the influence which has been so beautifully desig- nated, the "magic of a scene." Such an influence did we ex- perience, standing in this " relic of olden days." Everything in the room leads the mind back to the memorable time — to that decisive act, which has consecrated this room to undying fame. We see those patriotic men pondering on the magnitude of the step about to be taken. Some of them seem to waver. Silence — deep and solemn silence, reigns throughout. See "that aged man" arise. He "casts a look of inexpressible interest and unconquerable determination" on his fellow-pa- triots. He addresses them. Hear him ! " There is a tide LINDSAY AND BLAKISTON, PUBLISHERS, BOOKSELLERS, AND BINDERS, PHILADELPHIA. ALWAYS ON HAND, MEDICAL, SURGICAL, DENTAL, SCHOOL, CLASSICAL, SCIENTIFIC, AND MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS, AT VERY LOW PRICES. BLANK AND MERCANTILE ACCOUNT BOOKS. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 25 in the affairs of men, a nick of time ; we perceive it now be- fore us. That noble instrument upon your table, which insures immortality to its author, should be subscribed this very morn- ing, by every member in the room. He who will not respond to its call is unworthy the name of freeman ! Although these hairs must descend into the tomb, I would rather, infinitely rather they should descend thither by the hand of the public executioner, than desert, at this crisis, the sacred cause of my country." He ceases, but the fire of patriotism is kindled afresh in every bosom, and u forthwith the glorious deed is done." We behold these noble men peril 'their lives, their fortunes, and sacred honour, in the just and holy cause.* John Hancock takes up the pen and signs his name in a large, bold hand, and then rises, saying : " There ! John Bull can read my name without spectacles, and may now double his reward for my head. That is my defiance !" Who does not love to read the history of his native land, and dwell with pleasure upon the exploits of her heroic sons ? Is it to be wondered, then, that this room, so intimately connected with our national existence, recalls a hundred scenes from the past ? This is the shrine of American liberty ! Long may it remain an object of veneration to future millions of freemen ! The west room, on the same floor, is at present occupied by the Court of Common Pleas. Proceeding up stairs, we come to the " Lobby," famed in colonial days as being the scene of many a sumptuous feast. The large room to the westward was the Senate chamber of the first Congress. In the rooms fronting Chestnut Street, to the east, the Committees of Congress in 1776 met to prepare their various reports. The " Lobby" at that time extended the entire length of the building eastward from the landing; a * That venerable patriot was Jonx Witherspoox of New Jersey, a distinguished minister of the Presbyterian Church, a lineal descendant of the celebrated John Knox. 20 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. PHILADELPHIA AND LIVERPOOL PACKETS. Sailing from Philadelphia on the 25th, and from Liverpool on the 12th of every Month. TUSCARORA, .... CAPTAIN TURLEY. TONAWANDA, .... CAPTAIN JULIUS. WYOMING, CAPTAIN DUNLEVY. SARANAC, CAPTAIN MOLONY. These ships are all of the first class, recently built in Philadel- phia ; and for strength, swiftness, and beauty of model, as well as for the extent and comfort of accommodations for passengers, are unsurpassed by any in the trade. The cabins are handsome and commodious ; the forward cabins and steerages large, airy, and well lighted. The captains are experienced navigators, and kind and attentive to the comfort of passengers ; and skilful surgeons accompany the ships. This line of Packets has been maintained regularly since its esta- blishment in 1822, during the whole time losing but one passenger from accidents of the sea. Persons intending to embark for Liverpool, or desirous of bringing their friends thence to this country, can secure passage in the cabin, forward cabin, or steerage, by applying, either personally or by letter, to the owners. H. & A. COPE & Co., Walnut Street Wharf. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 27 room is now partitioned off it. In this Lobby, the American officers captured at the battle of Gerniantown, were confined. In it, too, many a noble fellow, wounded at the battle of Brandywine, breathed his last. (This portion of the building was fitted up as a temporary hospital immediately after that battle.) The whole of this story is leased by the General Government, and is now used for the sittings of the Circuit and District Courts of the United States for the Eastern District of Penn- sylvania. The original steeple was taken down in 1774, the woodwork being found in a state of decay. The present one was erected in 1828, and is as near like the old structure as circumstances would permit. It contains an excellent clock, the four dial- plates of which are of ground glass. They are illuminated at night, in the summer to eleven, and in the winter to ten o'clock. The hours are struck on a fine-toned bell, which is also used to give the alarm and indicate the direction of fires. The " Old Bell," cast purposely for this edifice when first erected, is carefully preserved in the steeple. It was imported from England in 1752, " but got cracked by the stroke of a hammer in trying the sound." It was recast, under the direc- tion of Isaac Norris, then a prominent member of the colonial Assembly : to him we are indebted for the prophetic inscription which it bears. " The motto of our Father band, Circled the world in its embrace ; 'Twas Liberty throughout the land, And good to all their brother race ! Long here — within the pilgrim's bell, Had lingered — though it often pealed — Those treasured tones that eke should tell When Freedom's proudest scroll was sealed!" 28 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. THE PHILADELPHIA INSURANCE COMPANY, Office No. 44 Walnut Street, Southwest corner of Dock. UPON THE MUTUAL SYSTEM. FIRE INSURANCE. Buildings, Merchandise, Furniture, and property of every descrip- tion, in town or country, insured against loss or damage by fire, either for a limited period or perpetually, at the established rates. MARINE INSURANCE. Vessels, Cargoes and Freights, Foreign or Coastwise, insured under open or special policies, at the lowest rate of premiums. INLAND TRANSPORTATION RISKS. Merchandise of every description, per wagons, cars, steamboats, and canal boats — on roads, railroads, canals, rivers, or lakes — in- sured on the most liberal terms. The business of this Company is conducted upon the Mutual prin- ciple, combined with a Joint Stock capital. 1. The capital of this Company, and all premiums received, are pledged, by the Act of Incorporation, for the payment of all losses sustained by the Assured, which will be promptly settled. 2. The net profits, after payment of losses, expenses, and interest on capital, are annually divided between the Assured and Stock- holders, pro rata. 3. The Assured become members of the Company, and entitled to vote at all elections, and are eligible as Directors, without liability for losses. DIRECTORS. Joseph Cowperthwait, Zipheon Thayer, Joseph M. Thomas, John M. Hildeburn, James Martin, Franklin Fell, Hugh Elliott, Edwin Coolidge, William Martin, Jr., John Gr. Brenner, Nathaniel Waldron, James Steel. JOSEPH COWPERTHWAIT, President. JOSEPH M. THOMAS, Vice-President. WM. MARTIN, Jr., Secretary. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. •29 This bell, (of which our engraving is a correct sketch,) is memorable, as being the first to proclaim the glad tidings of liberty in the United States. About 2 o'clock, p. M., on the 4th of July, 1776, its joyous melody floated clear and musical on the air, announcing the passage of that u Act," the influ- 3* 30 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. CURTAINS WINDOW SHADES AND FIXTURES. SAFFORD AND COOKMAN, No. 171 Chestnut Street, above Fifth, (opposite the state house,) Have on hand a large and splendid assortment of their own impor- tation of the above goods, -which they will sell wholesale or retail, at a small advance, for Cash. Gilt Cornices, lace and Muslin Curtains, Gilt Bands, French Satin Laincs, Gilt Pins, India Satins, Loops, Gimps, Brocatelles, Cords, Tassels, French Plushes, Damasks, &c, &c. WINDOW SHADES, OF THE MOST CHOICE AND BEAUTIFUL DESIGNS. Remember, 171 Chestnnt Street. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 31 ence of which is to last through all time. Subsequently it was fractured; and it is now preserved as a hallowed relic of the past. The panoramic view of the city from the steeple is strikingly beautiful. The first story of the east wing, contains the offices of the Prothonotary of the Supreme Court of the State, the Register of Wills, the Eecorder of Deeds, and the Clerk of the Orphans' Court. In the second story is the room used for the sittings of the Supreme Court of the State for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, together with . the offices of the Recorder of the city, and the District Attorney. In the first story of the west wing, are the offices of the Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas, the Clerk of the District Courts, the Clerk of the Court of Quarter Sessions, and the Sheriffs office. The second story of this wing contains the County Auditor's, the County Treasurer's, and the County Commissioners' offices, and a chamber used for the sittings of the County Board. The building on the southwest corner of Chestnut and Fifth Streets is the City Hall. When are we to have a better one ? It contains the Mayor's Court and offices, the City Clerk's, the City Treasurer's, and the Watering Committee's offices j the Commissioner of City Property, and the City Commissioners' offices, together with the offices of the Clerk of the Select Council, and the Clerk of the Common Council, and a neatly fitted up Council chamber. That on the southeast corner of Chestnut and Sixth Streets is at present used for the sittings of the Nisi Prius Court, the District Courts, and the Court of Quarter Sessions. The Law Library is located in the second story. This building was the " Old Congress Hall." Here Washington bade farewell to public life, and delivered that memorable 32 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. UMBRELLA MANUFACTURE. WRIGHT, BROTHERS & Co., 114 Market Street. Since the clays when men, who ventured to use this, now considered necessary article, were hooted after in the streets, umbrellas have crept into use, from one bold innovator to another, until the time when its value as a highly useful and health-preserving article was generally acknowledged. From that time its use has increased so rapidly, that at present no house, and scarcely an individual, from Maine to California, is without "My Umbrella." But, seriously, this branch of manufacture is acquiring great importance ; it is now looked upon as a staple article, and heavy capitalists readily invest both attention and vast pecuniary means, in a production long treated with ridicule. Of the vast quantity of material consumed in this manufacture, we can give some idea from the statistics of a Philadelphia house, Wright, Brothers & Co., one of the oldest and heaviest in the United States, and who manufacture about one-tenth of all the Umbrellas used in America. This house produces an average of 1000 umbrellas and parasols a day, or 800,000 per annum, and consumes 550,000 yards — equal to 320 miles — of silks, cottons, and ginghams ; upwards of 100,000 pounds of rattan ; about 38 tons, or 200,000 pieces of horn, bone, and other ornamental mountings. Of whalebone, the house alluded to above consumes 100,000 pounds, equal to about one-thirtieth of the average product of the whale fisheries of the world. Such is the extent and variety of the mechanism used, and the per- fection and nicety with which it is adapted to the purpose, that, with the help of ample steam power, all this vast quantity of material changes its form, and 300,000 Umbrellas are manufactured in the establishment of the Messrs. Wright, with the help of only 300 hands, constantly employed under one roof. All parts of the umbrella are now arranged with mathematical accuracy by the machinery used, some of which was invented by one of the proprietors of the establish- ment, from which the above information was obtained, and can be used by no other manufactory. The system to which all parts of this branch of manufacture are reduced, is now so perfect as to place the cost of production very low ; and the few immense establishments with this powerful aid of extensive and appropriate mechanical con- trivances are fast swallowing up the smaller shops, and placing their goods far below competition from hand labour and ordinary machinery — in addition to forming the article with a beauty and accuracy only to be obtained from the best mechanical means. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 33 address, which will ever be cherished as a sacred legacy by his admiring countrymen. UNITED 8TATES CUSTOM HOUSE. The Custom House, formerly the United States Bank, situated on the south side of Chestnut above Fourth Street, is a splendid marble edifice. It has two fronts, one on Chest- nut, and one on Library Street, each ornamented by eight fluted columns of the Doric order, 27 feet high, and 4 feet 6 inches in diameter, supporting a heavy entablature of the same order. It is in imitation of the celebrated Parthenon at Athens. The structure is built upon a platform, 87 feet in front and 161 feet deep. The view from Chestnut Street is much enhanced by its elevation and recession. It bears altogether the features of unassuming grandeur, and chaste simplicity. The principal apartment is 81 feet long by 48 wide, richly ornamented by fluted Ionic columns, and sculptured embel- lishments. . 34 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. SIGN OF THE GOLDEN SADDLE AND TRUNK, 38 Market Street, below Second. EXTENSIVE MANUFACTORY OF SADDLES, BRIDLES, SADDLE BAGS, HARNESS, COLLARS, FLY NETS, TRUNKS, CARPET BAGS, WHIPS, ETC. All of which will be sold at the lowest prices, Wholesale and Retail. MERCHANTS AND TRAVELLERS ARE INFORMED THAT OUR TRUNK TCAREROOMS CONTAIN 500 TO 800 LEATHER TRUNKS, MADE IN ALL STYLES, IRON FRAME, SOLE LEATHER. STEEL SPRINGS, SOLID RIVETED, IRON BOUND, AND PACKING TRUNKS. ALSO A LARGE STOCK OF CARPET AND LEATHER TRAVELLING BAGS. TO WHICH AVE INVITE THE ATTENTION OF BUYERS. X^T Wholesale and Retail. E, P. MOYER, Nos. 38 and 250 Market Street, Philadelphia. C. MAGARGE &, E. R. COPE, PAPER AND RM MAREHOTIE, NO. 52 COMMERCE STREET. A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF PAPERS AND PAPER-MAKERS' MATERIALS ALWAYS ON HAND. MEGARGEE & CO., o @* 2>3?^&2»s> UttUoflrapiitc $t Colour jm'utttta lEstaultsUment. AKTOSAM OTQIL®IIRI®9 K^KISTS^® P[LA©S 3 (Rear of No. 26 South Fourth Street,) PHILADELPHIA. Drawings of all kinds executed on Stone. Copper and Steel Plates, Woodcuts, and Manuscripts transferred. Labels for Patent Medicines and Perfumery, in any quantity, at moderate cost. Steam Power employed. JOHN H. FRICK, COMMISSIONER OF DEEDS, ETC., Appointed by the Governors of the following States and Territories, to take Testimony, Affidavits, and Acknowledgments, to be used therein: — Alabama, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Mary- land, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Ohio, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Ten- nessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Wisconsin. Real Estate purchased and sold. Loans negotiated on bond and mortgage. Office, No. 73i DOCK STREET, Philadelphia. Pa. MARKETS. 43 were placed east of Second Street. The present New Jersey market was erected in 1765. A portion of this building was used for several years as an Exchange. In 1773, the markets were extended to Fourth Street. These encroachments on the beautiful High Street met with much and determined opposition as being " shameful obstructions." Finally, the " market in- terests' ' prevailed, and the extensions gradually went on. They now reach from the Delaware to Eighth Street, and from Schuylkill Sixth to Schuylkill Eighth Street. In 1836, the old market-houses were torn down, and the present light and airy structures erected. This change was rendered necessary to allow passage-room for the city railroad. South Second Street Market extends from Pine to Cedar Street. North Second Street Market extends from Coates to Poplar Street. Callowhill Street Market is situated in Callowhill Street, between Fourth and Seventh Streets. Shippen Street Market extends from Third to Fifth Street. Maiden Street Market, Kensington, Maiden Street, be- tween Broad and Manderson Streets. Spring Garden Market, Spring Garden Street. Extensive ranges of light and graceful market-houses line this elegant avenue, from Sixth to Twelfth Street. Such is the demand and supply at this market, that the Commissioners contemplate extending it still further west. Girard Market, Girard Avenue, between Tenth and Lewis Streets. Moyamensing Market, extends from Prime to Wharton Street. Franklin Market, Franklin Avenue, Kensington, consists of two ranges ; one extending from Hancock Street to the Ger- mantown Road, the other from Crown Street to the Frankford Road. 44 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. WRITING-DESK, DRESSING-CASE, AND POCKET-BOOK MANUFACTURERS, No. 21 Franklin Place, Philadelphia. ENGRAVER ON WOOD, 30 South Fifth Street, Room No. 15, Philadelphia. JJAHtlBS IB IB Ht » *Sr, MANUFACTURER OF ENVELOPES, Rear of No. 26 South Fourth Street, (up stairs, third door in raxstead plage.) P. WYCKOFF, ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW, OFFICE NO. 66 SOUTH SIXTH STREET. JOHN GLEAVE, ~ No. 19 Minor Street, Philadelphia. J. T. ALTEMUS, Ifi-HEIIJIEII, NOS. 44, 46, AND 48 NORTH FOURTH STREET. GOLD WATCH-CASE MANUFACTURERS, ARTISAN BUILDING, RANSTEAD PLACE, - Fourth Street, above Chestnut, PHILADELPHIA. J. B. ANDERSON, No. 9 South Thirteenth Street, MANUFACTURES AND KEEPS CONSTANTLY ON HAND FANCY AND PLAIN VENETIAN BLINDS, OF ALL THE DIFFERENT STYLES. OLD BLINDS PAINTED AND TRIMMED TO LOOK EQUAL TO NEW. ISAAC K. STAUFFER, JACOB HARLEY. STAUFFER & HARLEY, SUCCESSORS TO O. CONRAD, WATCHMAKERS AND JEWELLERS, AND IMPORTERS OF WATCHES, No. 96 North Second St., Corner of Quarry, Philadelphia. For Sale, an assortment of Gold and Silver Patent Lever, Lepine and Plain Watches ; fine Gold Jewellery and Silver Ware. WATER-WORKS. 45 Eleventh Street Market, Moyamensing, Eleventh Street, extends from Shippen to Fitzwater Street. The wholesale provision trade is carried on by extensive firms, principally located along the wharves and Water Street, where immense warehouses extend for squares, filled with the rich products of our own valley, or with the teas, coffee, sugar, spices, wines, &c, of foreign lands. WATER-WORKS. The Fairmount Water-works, from which the City of Philadelphia is supplied with water, is situated on the east bank of the Schuylkill River, a short distance above the boun- dary line of the city proper, at which place a water-power was obtained by the erection of a dam across the river. This dam was built by sinking wooden cribs filled with stone; it is 1248 feet long, part being founded upon rock, which is dry at low tide, and the remainder being sunk through mud to rock, in some places to the depth of 30 feet below high tide. This dam was erected in 1819, and has successfully withstood seven freshets, in two instances having as much as ten and a half feet of water flowing over it. The water backed up by the dam is conducted into a forebay on the back and east side of the mill- buildings, the whole of which forebay, as well as the site upon which the mill-buildings stand, was excavated from the solid rock; the length of this race or forebay is 419 feet, and the depth of the excavation necessary to form it was 60 feet. The forebay is 90 feet wide, and 6 feet deep below the top of the dam, which allows a passage of the water to the mill-buildings, on its west side to the wheels, which discharge the water into the river below. The mill-building is of stone, 238 feet long and 56 feet wide, divided into 12 apartments, four of which con- tain 8 double-acting forcing pumps, 16 inches in diameter, and 6 feet stroke ; the other apartments, are forebays leading to eight water-wheels. On the east front of the mill-buildings, 46 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. DELIGHTFULLY ROMANTIC SCHUYLKILL EXCURSIONS, By the swift and comfortable Steamers ' ' Frederick G-raff, ' ' Capt. Wm. F. Cline, and ' ' Washington, ' ' Capt. H. M. Green. To and from Fair- mount, Laurel Hill Cemetery, Falls, and Manayunk, every 5 hour through the - day. Fare to Laurel Hill Cemetery and Falls 10, Columbia Fridge and Manayunk 12^ cents. Upon this Excursion you have a great variety of handsome and interesting scenery, a part of which is seven splendid bridges crossing the Schuylkill, and one the beautiful Wissahickon ; four railroads; the Inclined Plane ; two extensive Water-works ; one canal, with its numerous boats, &c. ; trains of over 100 loaded cars, attached to a single engine, constantly crossing the river upon the Reading Railroad Bridge. The Boats will touch at Laurel Hill, returning to the city, twenty minutes past each hour. Omnibusses leave the Exchange every few minutes for Fairmount, and run through Chestnut, x\rch, Vine, and Coates Streets, and leave Fairmount upon the arrival of each Boat. Fare 6^ cents. JP^ PHILADELPHIA SURGEONS' BANDAGE INSTITUTE, No. 34 South Sixth Street, below Chestnut, WHERE CAN BE HAD B. C. EVERETT'S PATENT GRADUATING PRESSURE TRUSS, AND IMPROVED SURGICAL MACHINERY. PLAIN AND ORNAMENTAL PRINTING NEATLY AND EXPEDITIOUSLY EXECUTED NO. 3 BLACK HORSE ALLEY, (OFF SECOND STREET, BETWEEN MARKET AND CHESTNUT,) PHILADELPHIA. CRISSY & MARK LEY, PUBLISHERS, GOLDSMITHS' HALL, LIBRARY STREET, 48 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. IMPORTER AND WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN ®oj)s, barietg mxb J? anew Articles, CANES, GAMES, SEGAR CASES, PIPES, DOMINOES, ETC., No. 10£ N. Sixth St., above Market, Philada. Also Manufacturer of Canes, Rattles, Napkin Rings, Trick Boxes, Tops, &c. All kinds of Fancy Turning done. H. & C. HOWARD, MACHINISTS, STEAM ENGINE & PRINTING PRESS MANUFACTURERS, ARTISAN BUILDING, RAN STEAD PLACE. (Rear of No. 26 South Fourth Street, Philadelphia.) &a [La &R©lX}&M®&®)iL'V'i> MACHINIST, No. 13 Drinker's Alley, (RUNNING FROM FRONT TO SECOND, BETWEEN ARCH AND RACE STREETS.) JOHN BINNS, NO. 46 SOUTH SIXTH STREET, UNITED STATES COMMISSION, AND COMMISSIONER OF DEEDS, ETC., FOR TWENTY-SIX STATES. CHARLES H. BUTT, SOLE MANUFACTURER OF STEREOGRAPH (MERCANTILE) SAFETY BLANKS, AND PRINTER, No. G3 Walnut Street, above Third* Checks, Notes, Drafts, &c, made to order. J. M. SMITH, STEAM FLOUR MILL, Nos. 28 and 30 Dock Street. EXTRA FAMILY FLOUR, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. JOSEPH M. CHRISTIAN, MACHINIST, No. 42 Dock Street, below Second, Philadelphia. STEAM ENGINES, SHAFTING, LATHES, JEWELLERS' ROLLS, PRESSES AND MACHINERY. WATER- WORKS. 49 over the punrp and forebay chambers, is a terrace 256 feet long, and 26 feet wide, paved with brick, forming a handsome walk along the race. Three of the water-wheels are formed of wood, but the remainder are of cast iron, varying in size from 16 to 18 feet in diameter, all, however, being 15 feet wide. These wheel-pumps are each calculated to raise into the reservoir about one and a half million gallons of water per twenty-four hours; they elevate the water a perpendicular height of 92 feet. Each pump has its own distinct main, of sixteen inches in diameter, running up into the reservoir. The water in the re- servoirs, when they are full, is 102 feet above low tide in the Schuylkill, and 56 feet above the highest ground in the city. The reservoirs are built with stone walls, paved upon the bottom with bricks laid in cement upon puddled clay. The depth of water in them, when full, is 12 feet 3 inches; there are four main reservoirs, divided by stone walls, containing together 22,031,976 ale gallons. The larger portion of these reservoirs are upon artificial ground, raised in some parts forty feet above the original of the hill. The cost of all the reservoirs was $133,822. The water passes from the reservoirs to the city through three iron mains, one of 20 inches diameter, one of 22 inches diameter, and one of 30 inches diameter; and is then distributed through the city in pipes from 3 to 30 inches diameter. The whole length of these pipes being as follows. Of 3 inches in diameter, .... 115,790 feet. 4 " « - 24,821 " 6 " " .... 170,586 " 8 " « .... 9,745 « 10 " K .... 40,668 " 12 " " .... 23,646 " 16 " « .... 10,553 " 20 " " .... 20,245 " 22 « « J.>", . ' « .-. - 2,661 " 30 <« " .... 13,821 « Together, .... 432,536 « 50 PHILADELPHTA AS IT IS. WILLIAM A. WRAY, MARBLE MASON, Northeast corner Ridge Road and Washington St,, PHILADELPHIA. Every description of Monumental and House Work neatly done and punctually attended to. WM. S. MARTIEN, & IBQIDI&SIMIRIB, NO. 144 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA. FIRST BOOKSTORE ABOVE SIXTH STREET. Fo Ao HCHTT'S No, 264 Chestnut Street, below Tenth, PHILADELPHIA. R. & R. S. SMITH, IN AKCHITECTURAL, SHIP, CASTING, AND ALL OTHER BRANCHES OF THE ART. N.E. corner Second and Doclc Sts., 5th story, PHILADELPHIA, EDWARD T. CRISPIN, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRAVELLING TRUNK, VALISE, No. 182 and at 112 Market Street. A LARGE AND DESIRABLE ASSORTMENT, CHEAP FOR CASH. WATER-WORKS. 51 Upwards of 81 miles in the city proper only. The water is also supplied to the districts of Southwark and Moyamensing through 26J miles of pipes more. During the year 1850, the supply of water to the city and lower districts averaged through- out the whole year 4,785,338 ale gallons per day. The average supply for the months of June and July, was however 6,247,209 gallons per day. This supply was furnished to 27,550 water tenants. In the city, there are 648 fire hydrants, for use in case of fire, and in the lower districts 272 more. The amount of water rents for 1851, per duplicate books, is $138,874 42. The water-works at Fairmount were started July 1, 1822, and from the commencement to December 31, 1850, including the cost of erection, and with the yearly additions to the works themselves, together with the extensions of the iron pipes in the city each year, they have cost 81,615,169 82. The whole of these works (with the exception of the dam across the river), including the plan of distribution of the water in the city, were designed and executed by the late Frederick Graff, Esq. ; and for efficiency and simplicity are not exceeded by any similar works now in operation. — The City of Philadelphia was the first in the United States that possessed a water-works, it being sup- plied by steam power previous to the erection of the present works at Fairmount; it has therefore served as a model for almost all public improvements of this kind erected in the country. Spring Garden and Northern Liberties Water-avorks. — Situated on the east side of the River Schuylkill, about one mile above Fairmount. The engine-house is of granite, constructed in the Egyptian style ; the chimney is 83 feet high, 5 feet 8 inches in diameter at the bottom, and 6 feet 4 inches at the top, constructed with double walls throughout. The building contains three expansive condensing engines, and three double-acting forcing pumps. The steam cylinders 52 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. VOLLMEE & CO., UPHOLSTERERS AND CABINETMAKERS, Southeast corner Eleventh and Chestnut Streets, irmniL&im%iLTPiinL&o C. MOOHE, STATIONERY, PERFUMERY, TOY & FANCY STORE, No. 306 Chestnut Street, above Eleventh, OPPOSITE GIRARD ROW, CARDS NEATLY ENGRAVED AND PRINTED. fflHIIB SriW IAS (OQWW&H'Xv N. E. Corner Chestnut and Sixth Streets, (opposite the state house), Sell the very finest Hat that can be made, for THREE DOLLARS. As they manufacture but one quality, and have but one price, every person, -whether a judge of the article or not, may rely upon receiving a hat that is perfect in every respect. M^MPIM IMPRESS. For New York, Boston, and all Towns in the New England States, also Albany and Buffalo ; and west, to Cincinnati, Chicago, Detroit, St. Louis, and all principal places in the Western States ; also south, to New Orleans, and all Southern cities. LIVINGSTON & Co., Nos. 41 and 43 South Third Street. N. B. For Reading, Pottsville, and principal Towns in Berks, Schuylkill, Columbia, and Luzerne Counties, HOWARD, EARL & Co., Nos. 41 and 43 South Third Street. GAS-WORKS. 53 are 86 inches diameter, and 6 feet stroke ; the pump cylinders are 18 inches diameter, and 6 feet stroke. The fly-wheel attached to one engine is 18 feet in diameter, the rim weigh- ing 8840 lbs. ; the working velocity is about 13 revolutions per minute. The boilers are each 13 feet 8 inches in length, by 7 feet 9 inches; they are so arranged that either engine may receive steam from one or both boilers : the steam-pipes, &c, are clothed in woollen and cased in wood ; the boilers are enclosed with brick : average working pressure of steam is 16 lbs. to the square inch, and the cut-off valves are worked at half stroke. There are two ascending mains, of 18 inches diameter each. Total distance from the pump to the reservoir, is 3250 feet; the elevation of the reservoir from low- water mark is 115 feet. The reservoir is beautifully situated a short distance to the west of Girard College; it is capable of containing 9,800,000 gallons; its depth is 15 feet, the banks of which are com- posed of earth, the whole being lined with a course of clay and gravel puddle-stuff, and faced with a brick pavement, laid in the bottom flat, and edgewise on the sides. It is divided into two apartments. There are two distributing mains, 16 inches diameter each. This valuable work was completed, at a cost of $159,074 65, in the year 1845. GAS-WORKS. SCHUYLKILL FRONT AND MARKET STREETS. In the year 1835, the erection of the Philadelphia Gas-works was authorized by the corporation of the city, and a moderate outlay contemplated, for the purpose of testing the economy and usefulness of such an establishment. Many of our most intelligent citizens doubted the propriety of such an under- 5* 54 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. EQUITABLE MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE, ANNUITY, AND TRUST COMPANY. CHARTER PERPETUAL. Office, N. E. Cor. Chestnut and Fourth Sts. This Company offers, to persons about to insure their lives, the combined advantages of the Joint Stock and Mutual systems. The insured become members of the Corporation, with the right to vote at elections for Trustees, — and are not liable for any losses or ex- penses of the Company. All the profits — not an occasional bonus only — are annually divided among the members of the Corporation, -while the security is afforded of a large capital, safely invested. RATES FOR INSURING $100 ON A SINGLE LIFE. Age. For 1 year. For 7 years. For Life. 20 80 91 81 60 30 99 SI 30 2 04 40 SI 29 1 64 2 70 50 1 86 2 07 3 94 59 3 48 3 97 6 03 Other ages in proportion. Persons about to insure their lives, are invited, previously, to com- pare the above rates with those elsewhere offered. Annuities granted; also, Benefits, Endowments, &c. ; and Trusts executed on the most favourable terms. Forms of application, Pam- phlets of explanation, and all particulars, may be had at this office. TRUSTEES. Peter Cullen, William M. Baird, Wm. G. Alexander, William Craig, Francis West, M.D., William H. Loper, J. Pemberton Pleasants, Abraham S. Wolf, Wm. H. Keichline, J. D. MILES, Secretary. Stilwell S. BisHor, John B. Biddle, M.D., Edward Y. Farquhar, Joseph W. Throckmorton, Selah Hart, Jr., John Reynolds, George M. Fleming, Henry L. Elder. PETER CULLEN, President. WM. M. BAIRD, Vice-President. Francis West, M.D., and J. B. Biddle, M.D., Medical Examiners attend at the Office, from 12 to 2, p. m., daily. Elisha S. AVarne, General Agent for the City and County. GAS-WORKS. 55 taking j and although its accomplishment was secured without any liability on the part of the city, they shrunk from what was considered a novel and unsafe means of furnishing arti- ficial light. Now, happily, all these apprehensions have yielded to an enlarged experience, and we question whether there is any respectable member of the community willing to abandon a system, that, so far, has worked so well. Indeed, in the pos- session of the Fairmount Water-works and the Philadelphia G-as-works, our citizens occupy a position of proud superiority over those of her sister cities. The entire area occupied by this establishment is about seven acres and a half, with a river front of 800 feet. The buildings constituting the works are arranged into two gene- ral divisions, A and B, but conveniently described as the old and new works. Each division is composed of subordinate sections, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, in the old, and 1 and 2 in the new group. Every section is a complete and independent gas factory, capable of being worked unconnected with all the others, as a separate and distinct establishment, but the whole are ar- ranged symmetrically, and are susceptible of connexion, so that gas produced in any section may be passed through the purifying apparatus and meter of any other, at will. The separate buildings comprise two retort-houses, two puri- fying-houses, two meter-rooms, containing six station meters and four conical governors, two ranges of workshops, and coke- sheds and offices, three coal-stores, two perpetual lime-kilns, and eleven gas-holders. The retort-houses are 195 feet long and 48 feet wide, com- prising eight sections, containing 240 retorts ; they are built of brick, and rest upon arches supported by cast iron girders, giving space for the storage of over 50,000 bushels of coal beneath the floors ; the roof frames are of wrought iron, covered with slate ; the height of the chimneys is 100 feet. 56 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. CITY CABINET WAREHOUSE, No. 173 Chestnut Street, (opposite independence hall.) 1 1 R » :,I T TX B B, In every style, comprising Louis XIV., Louis XV., Elizabethan, Antique, and Modern Style, in Rosewood, Walnut, Mahogany, Satin- wood and Maple, all of superior construction, and finished in the best style, equal to, if not excelling in quality, the goods of any Es- tablishment in the United States. Constantly on hand For Bedsteads, Drawing-room, Bed-room, and Dining-room Windows. GAS-WORKS. 57 The range of offices, rneter-room, and workshop, belonging to the old works, is 133 feet by 20, the coke-shed 170 by 24 feet, and the coal-shed 80 by 50 feet, arranged around a hollow square. The extent of the range of offices, smithshop, and meter-house of the new works, is 122 by 120 feet ; the coke- shed, store-rooms, &c, 270 by 22 feet. Between the retort-houses is an underground coal-store, 40 by 190 feet, capable of containing 40,000 bushels. The lime-kilns are built of stone, in the usual form of per- petual kilns. The southern coal-store is constructed in four sections, 100 feet long, 30 feet wide, joined side by side, so that they consti- tute one building, 100 by 120 feet, with a roof supported on stone piers 18 feet high; its capacity is about 200,000 bushels. The old works contain 8 gas-holders, of 50 feet diameter and 35,000 cubic feet capacity each. Of those connected with the new division, two are of 80 feet diameter, containing 200,000 cubic feet each, and one of 140 feet diameter, with a capacity of one million cubic feet ! all of the telescope form. The guide frames of these gas-holders are entirely of cast iron ; those of the 80-feet holders, are composed of 6 stands of fluted columns, arranged in pairs, with an entablature to each pair, and raised to three tiers in height, there being 36 columns to each gas-holder, the whole bound together at the top by iron open-work girders. The large holder is guided by twelve sets of columns, standing in groups of three, raised four tiers high ; the lower tier is of the Tuscan, the second Doric, the third Ionic, and the upper the Corinthian order of architecture. The number of columns is 144, and the whole height of the structure above the coping of the tank, is seventy-four feet, and the depth of the tank thirty-six feet. A high standard of illuminating quality of gas has been adopted and constantly maintained at these works, by the use 5S PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. WM. H. PATTON, IMPORTER AND MANUFACTURER OF MMMVa?l WMIL IP AM IB 8, BORDERS, CHIMNEY ORNAMENTS, AND CURTAIN PAPERS. Special attention of Purchasers is invited to his fine assortment of PAPER HANGINGS, UNEQUALLED IN STYLE, QUALITY, AND VARIETY ; SUCH AS Uelfcet autt <&oUr, Crimson, ant* Satfn (Kroun^rs, FOR PARLOURS AND DRAWING-ROOMS ; TOGETHER WITH PANELLING, MOULDINGS, AND IMITATION WOODS, IN EVERY VARIETY, FOR ^l^TagODILK© AM® to A OL, G=. ©□ ALSO THE USUAL ASSORTMENT OF COMMON WALL PAPERS, AT ALL PRICES, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, FOR CASH ONLY, OR CITY ACCEPTANCES. No. 110 Chestnut Street, second door below the Custom House, (Opposite the United States Hotel,) and at No. 93 North Sixth Street, PHILADELPHIA. GAS-WORKS. 59 of the proper varieties of coals, or by the addition of a propor- tion of resin when the coals should chance to fall below the proper standard. The quality aimed at, is that designated "twenty-candle gas that is to say, the light of an argand burner, consuming four feet an hour, is equal to that of twenty sperm candles, six to the pound : this quality has generally been obtained, without the aid of resin, by the use of certain varieties of coals from the western part of our own State. The quantity of gas manufactured during the year, is one hundred and eighty-two millions and sixteen thousand cubic feet. The maximum production in 24 hours is eight hundred and eighty-seven thousand cubic feet. The highest consumption during the same period was one million and twelve thousand feet. A more definite notion of the magnitude of this volume of gas will be obtained, by converting it into gallons, of which it will make seven and a half millions, or about the same as the daily consumption of hydrant water in the summer months. The extent of main pipes laid in the streets, is five hundred thousand two hundred and sixty-seven feet, or about 94 f miles ! The number of meters in use is 9,238, and the whole number of customers on the books, is 9,216, using 115,004 lights, besides 1,464 in the streets, 50 in the market-houses, and 62 in the public squares. The total extent of street, main, and service pipe, is nearly 115 miles. Extensive as are these works, it appears that they will not be adequate to supply the increasing demand ; it is therefore proposed to erect new works. A desirable location has been obtained for this purpose, containing about 70 acres, at Point Breeze, immediately on the banks of the River Schuylkill, in which additional works are to be erected at once. It is con- templated, in time, to remove the old works to this place entirely. 60 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. ANATOMICAL PREPARATIONS. The subscriber begs leave to inform the Medical Profession that he has and will keep a supply of Anatomical Preparations, of a superior quality, imported by him from France, such as Skeletons, articulated and disarticulated. Heads, with jaw articulated. Heads, disarticulated. Heads, disarticulated and remounted, with the different pieces mov- able — (a handsome article). Heads, sawed, and showing the internal and middle ear, nasal sep- tum, &c. — (a splendid article). Preparations of internal and middle ear, with the nerves, &c. Temporal bones, showing the internal and middle ear, mounted. Carved jaws, demonstrating the first and second dentitions. Preparations of the external carotid artery and the internal max- illary, with their branches. Preparations of the fifth pair of nerves, with its branches. Hands and feet, articulated. Hands and feet, mounted. He has also an assortment of Gum Elastic Catheters and Bougies, of different shapes ; also Wax Bougies, direct from the best manu- facturer in France, — (a very superior article) ; also the ordinary quality. GEORGE ASHMEAD, Druggist, No. 235 Market Street, one door above Sixth, Philadelphia. GEOKGE ASHMEAD, DRUGGIST AND CHEMIST, No. m Market Street, above Sixth, Philadelphia, Has always a general assortment of carefully-selected Drugs, Me- dicines, and Chemicals ; also Surgical and Cupping Instruments, Syringes, and Glassware. Physicians may rely on the Chemical and Pharmaceutical preparations being of a superior quality, most of which are prepared under my immediate supervision. Medical stu- dents supplied with such articles as appertain to the profession. All orders sent will be filled with such medicines as shall give satis- faction, and at the most reasonable prices for the like quality. THE NAVY YARD. 61 Spring Garden District Gas-works are located on the east bank of the Schuylkill, below Fairmount. Northern Liberties Gas-works are situated on Laurel near Beach Street. The Navy Yard. — This national establishment is situated on the banks of the River Delaware in the District of Southwark. The grounds embrace about twelve acres, which were purchased by the General Government, in 1801, for the sum of 837,500. The present assessment is $250,000. By an act of Assembly, passed in 1818, no street is to be run through the property, while occupied for its present purpose. The area is enclosed on three sides by a substantial brick wall ; the fourth side fronts on the river. The various buildings are the officers' residence, quarters for the marines, &c, the moulding lofts (the most spa- cious in the country for modelling ships of war), workshops and store-houses, — and two ship-houses, one of them being the largest in the United States. It is 270 feet long, 103 feet high, and 84 feet wide. The other house is 210 feet in length, 80 in height, and 74 in width. To the south of these houses is The United States Dry Docks. — They consist of a Sectional Floating Dry Dock of nine sections, capable of raising the largest steam vessels and ships of the line. Nine years' ex- perience in the harbour of New York, has proved that this dock for the repairing of vessels possesses the greatest facility for docking, and that it has many advantages over the ordinary stone dock. When the vessel is raised from the water, she rests upon keel and bilge blocks, her entire length being sup- ported by them or by shoring, if desirable, upon a floor as long- as may be required, and 105 feet wide. Her keel being above the surface of the water, her whole bottom and bilge are ex- 6 62 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. CHILSON'S PATENT AIR WARMING Final Improvements Patented November 19th, 1851* FOR THOROUGHLY WARMING AND VENTILATING DWELLINGS, CHURCHES, SCHOOLHOUSES, COURTHOUSES, HOSPITALS, STORES, ETC. A complete and perfect system of ventilating, as well as warming buildings, with an abundant supply of fresh, healthful warm air, (uninjured in the process of warming by overheated iron) creating a salubrious atmosphere in the apartments warmed, not unlike that of a mild summer's day. This invention is unlike anything of the common hot air furnaces or heater kind, and is the result of many years' thorough practical experience in the invention and manufac- ture of various kinds of heaters, and in fully developing and perfect- ing this principle. Every part of this Furnace and plan of setting it have been thoroughly subjected to the most severe practical tests, to insure its perfect operation, in every respect, in accordance with the laws of nature that govern the elements of air and heat. Particular care has been paid to attain the following points, viz. : to secure all the heat generated from the fuel, and avoid all overheated pots or plates ; to prevent the escape and loss of heat in cellars ; to connect the joints so as to allow expansion, and yet proof against the escape of smoke or gas ; to insure great durability. Unlike the common furnaces, it requires no repairs, with ordinary care, during a lifetime. It is perfectly safe against firing buildings. It is not complicated in its arrangement, nor liable to get out of order, and easily managed. We are permitted to refer to over eight hundred gentlemen having these furnaces in use, some in public, and others in private buildings, many of whom are professional gentlemen, whose scientific attain- ments in such matters are well known. These Furnaces have been exhibited four times at the recent fairs, and have received as first premiums one Gold and three Silver Medals ; also the highest premium at the World's Fair. We have also five sizes of a superior Portable Furnace, combining the principles of the Brick Furnace ; also a complete assortment of Registers, Hot Air Grates, Ventilators, and every variety of Warming and Ventilating Apparatus, adapted to all classes of buildings. Also a full assortment of those beautiful and substantial Metallic or Mirror Marble Chimney Mantels, Parlour and Chamber Frame Grates, Cooking Ranges, &c. For sale, Wholesale and Retail, at the WARMING AND VENTILATING WAREHOUSE, No. 14G Walnut Street, Philadelphia. Agent and Importer of Patent Encaustic Tiles, for flooring Churches, Stores, Vestibules. &c. S. A. HARRISON. UNITED STATES DRY DOCK. 63 posed to light, and dry air, enabling mechanics to work at a much less cost, and with less danger to health, than when con- fined to the narrow and wet bottom of a stone dock, rendered dark by the projection of the bilge and guards of a vessel. In connexion with this Floating Dry Dock, a basin and two sets of level ways have been constructed, multiplying the capacity of the works to that of three of the largest stone docks in the world, each set of ways being fitted to receive the largest steam vessel or ship of the line. The bottom of the basin is hori- zontal, and 350 feet long, by 226 feet wide, enclosed by a wall of granite, except upon the river front, three feet higher than ordinary high tides. The floor and the walls of the basin rest upon a pile foundation, capped with heavy timbers, covered with 6 inch plank, over which a granite floor, 10 inches thick, has been laid. The masonry of the works is all laid in hydraulic cement. The ways also rest upon piles, capped with timber, covered with large blocks of granite. When a vessel requires extensive repairs, the floating dock, with the vessel on it, is made to rest on the solid floor of the basin, by letting water into it ; a sliding frame, or cradle, is placed under her keel and bilges, and a powerful hydraulic cy- linder, connected with the centre way, is attached to the cradle. She is then slid from the floating dock by the hydraulic power upon one of the sets of ways. The contract price for the Sectional Floating Dry Dock, was 8402,683; and for the basin, two railways, hydraulic cylinder, &c, $411,059, making for the three capacities or docks the total sum of 8813,742. These works were commenced in the month of January, 1849, and completed in the month of June, 1851. Colonel Burnett, U. S. Engineer, superintended their construction. 64 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. C. BARRINGTON, WILLIAM BARRINGTON, No. 9 Goldsmiths' Hall, Library Street. Plans of Coal and other Estates drawn with neatness and despatch. DENTAL DEPOT. JOHN KLEIN & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF THE LATEST IMPROVED TEETH, No. 16* North Eighth Street, Philadelphia. On hand, a general assortment of Teeth, Gold Foil, Plate, Wire, Springs, Files, Instruments, Materials, &c, Wholesale and Retail. Blocks Carved and Teeth Mounted for Dentists. BURTON & LANING, MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF EST ® E 2B3T © © , No. 14:2 Arch Street, (between sixth and seventh, south side,) PHILADELPHIA. SILVER MEDAL AWARDED. I K O H Ii IS WDIB ADO Mil MMMMIB, AND MOROCCO CASE MANUFACTURER, No. 84 South Third Street, Third Story, (northwest corner of third and walnut streets,) |)l)ilaaelpl)ia. S IB JE ST,, TEACHER OF MECHANICAL, ARCHITECTURAL, AND LANDSCAPE No. 62 Filbert St., South Side, below Tenth, And at No. 1 Olive St., above Tenth, Spring Garden. Instruction given to Schools and Families. Drawings made for Patents, and Designs of all kinds executed to order. UNITED STATES MINT. 65 UNITED STATES MINT. The United States Mint. — This national establishment is located in Chestnut near Broad Street. The act of Con- gress for the establishment and regulation of a Mint was passed in 1792. In 1829 an additional act was passed for the enlargement of its operations, and in the same year the corner-stone of the present building was laid. It presents a front of 122 feet, divided into a portico 62 feet long, and two wings 30 feet each. The structure is of the Ionic order, taken from a Grecian temple at Athens. The portico is supported by six beautiful pillars, 25 feet high, and 3 feet in diameter. It is a brick edifice faced with marble ashlar. — This is a suitable and extensive establishment for the purpose of coinage. The steam engine and mechanical contrivances used in the milling, stamping, &c, are the most beautiful that can be imagined. Visiters are admitted every day from 9 to 12 o'clock, except Saturdays and Sundays. 6* 66 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. ORNAMENTAL & ARCHITECTURAL CARVER, (sign of the eagle,) Northeast corner Second and Dock Streets, fourth story. Residence, Wallace Street above 11th, Spring Garden. THE CHEAP BOOKSTORE. " Small profits and quick sales.'" DEALERS IK NEW AND SECONDHAND BOOKS, 36 North Sixth Street, above Market, Philadelphia. Keep constantly on hand and for sale, a large assortment of Old and New Theological, Classical, School and Miscellaneous Books, Wholesale or Retail, at very low prices. Monthly Catalogues re- ceived, and Books imported, to order, from London. OSCAR a B, CARTER, PIANO- FORTES, HARPS, ORGANS, SERAPHINES, MELODEONS, ETC., FROM NEW YORK, BOSTON, AND PHILADELPHIA MANUFACTURERS. Warehouse, No. 171 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. No. 171 Chestnut Street^ 0. C. B. CARTER, PRINCIPAL. PROFESSOR ANDREA ALFESI, TEACHES AT THE HEAD OF THE MALE DEPARTMENT. MLLE. HELENE SCHAAFF, TEACHER AT THE HEAD OF THE FEMALE DEPARTMENT. PHILADELPHIA POST-OFFICE. 67 Philadelphia Post-Office. — There is no possible event that would cause so great a revolution in the world, as the cessation of "The Post." It would be a sort of imprisonment to the universal mind — a severing of affections — a congelation of thought. It would be building up a wall of separation between the hearts of mother and child, husband and wife, and brother and sister; it would raise Alps between the breasts of friend and friend, and extinguish, as with an ocean, the love that is now breathed out in all its glowing fervour, despite time and space. If ever man deserved a monument, it was the inventor of writing. Who was he ? It is the next best gift to life itself; but without the medium of the post, it would be divested of half its advantages. G-overnment and the wealthy, it is true, could send their messengers ; but these would not avail to any extent the merchant, and not at all the tradesman or artisan, who now can receive the most needful intelligence, or kindest effusions of regard, from any distance for almost nothing. To depict all the interests connected with the post, would be to read the history of human life ; there is no interest that con- cerns the happiness of man carried on and perfected without it. It is the most perfect system of intercourse that has ever been devised, — it scatters wealth and joy in a thousand directions; no place is too remote, no village too insignificant for it to visit. Like the sun dispensing light, it goes its daily round. The first post established in this city, was in 1683 ; when Wil- liam Penn granted authority to Henry Waldy to hold one from Philadelphia to New Castle, whence it connected with one to Maryland. This post went once per week. In 1700, an act was passed by the Assembly for the esta- blishment of a post-office. In 1753, the daily delivery of letters in the city by carriers, was introduced. In the following year, a mail was established, three times a week, between New York 68 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. JENKINS & CO., Northwest Corner of Market and Ninth Streets, PHILADELPHIA. The Senior Partner resided seven years in China, engaged in the Tea trade. JON ES'S nsom^sj©]! m @ i? ib &g) Nos. 77 «fc 79 Dock St., Philadelphia. (Opposite the Exchange and Post Office.) CONDUCTED ON THE EUROPEAN PLAN. Gentlemen accommodated with Rooms, transiently, or by the week or month, with meals at any hour, or not, as they may please. KELLY & BROTHER, NO. 174 CHESTNUT STREET, (OPPOSITE THE WASHINGTON HOUSE,) P)ilabelpl]ia. SEED AND AGRICULTURAL WAREHOUSE, No. 29 iflarket Street, pilaMpljia. Manufacturer and Dealer in all the most approved Agricultural and Horticultural Implements, Imported and American Field and Garden Seed, Fruit, Shade, and Ornamental Trees, Guano, Poudrette, &c. — Inventor and Manufacturer of the Cast Steel Extending-Point Surface and Subsoil Ploughs. PHILADELPHIA POST-OFFICE. 60 and Philadelphia, and new and general regulations introduced for the carrying of the mail throughout the country ; for these improve inents we are indebted to Benjamin Franklin, the then postmaster. In 1775, the second Congress established a gene- ral post-office, under a postmaster-general, located in this city ; Franklin was appointed to the office, with a salary of $1000 per annum. The communication between distant places at that period (yet it is but a day in the history of our country), was very uncertain. The following amusing instance will illustrate the slow and incorrect manner in which news was then transmitted, and shows us, by an extract from an old newspaper of 1777, published at Nottingham, England, how much in actual advance we are of the " good old times. " " On November the 8th, news was received in this town of the total defeat of Washington's army in America, by the British forces under Sir William Howe, on Long Island, near New York.* Great was the rejoicing thereat; the church bells were rung ? the people met in crowds in the streets, and congratulated each other, speeches were made, guns were fired, and some enthu- siastic spirits, not content with these demonstrations, procured a donkey and sat an effigy of Washington upon it, which after being paraded about, was finally burnt with great triumph, at night. The glorious news was further confirmed this morning by a letter received at the Duke of Newcastle's house at Clumber Park." We wonder if an extraordinary gazette ever arrived with a full confirmation of the glorious defeat ? Since the Revolution, great changes and improvements have been introduced into this national establishment. The mind can hardly realize the vast extent of its operations ) keeping up communications, as it does, not only with every portion of our own country, but with the whole world. From its centre at Washington, its rays diverge in all directions. * This battle was fought on the 27th of August, 1776. 70 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. TAILORING AND GENTLEMEN'S FURNISHING ESTABLISHMENT, No. 19 South Fifth Street. JAMES NOLEN'S Looking-Glass and Picture-Frame Manufactory, Arcli Street toelow Ninth* G. PARKER CUMMIN6S, OFFICE, WALNUT STREET ABOVE SIXTH, CORNER OF SWANTVICK STREET, UP STAIRS. Blood's Despatch Post delivers Letters, Papers, Business and Invitation Cards, and Messages of every kind, throughout the City and Districts, at ONE CENT EACH LETTER, PREPAID.- Directed or undirected Circulars, in quantities, distributed at very low rates. Special Messengers always ready at the Office, 26 South Sixth Street. DANIEL 0. BLOOD, ) Proprietors CHAS. KOCHERSPERGER, / ™P rietors - HALL & BOARD MAN, MANUFACTURERS OF BRITANNIA WARE, IN ALL ITS BRANCHES, Nos. 93 & 95 Arch Street, below Third, $5flaTieli>Ma. mi M. M'CLURE & BROTHER, IBlHlilDttDQ III A IB ID W A III 1 AND TOOL WAREHOUSE, EXCLUSIVELY. No. 287 Market Street, below Eighth. PHILADELPHIA POST-OFFICE. 71 The Branch establishment in Philadelphia, is in the base- ment story of the Exchange Building, Third and Dock Streets. It is open daily, from 7 A. M. to 7 P. M., and two hours in the morning on Sundays. The Eastern mail closes at 3| p. M.j the Western at 7 P. M. ; Southern at 7 P. M. ; and the Northern at 5 o'clock A. M. The officers are W. J. P. White, postmaster ; J. E. Latta, chief clerk ; J. C. Montgomery, superintendent, assisted by forty-five clerks, thirty-eight carriers, and four collectors. In addition to the usual post-office facilities, Philadelphia possesses the advantage of the most complete City Post in this country. Blood's Despatch Post, conducted by Messrs. Blood and Kochersperger, was established in 1845, and was for a long time considered a doubtful experiment. By its attention to the public interest, and by continued improvement, it has now become a necessary convenience to business men and families. Several hundred box stations are scattered over the city, from which letters are collected every two hours; and thousands of letters are thus collected and distributed daily. Careful, intelligent men only are employed as carriers, and as each letter is stamped with the date and hour of delivery, great promptness and reliability are obtained. 72 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. JOHN" 2M. BUTLER, DESIGNING, ENGRAVING, AND PLATE PRINTING, IN ALL THEIR VARIOUS BRANCHES. Hart's* Building, \. E. Corner of Sixth and Chestnut Streets. DAVID ROBERTS, (Sbutfifcal mto* Jftecftautcal Benttst, NO. 132 SPRUCE STREET, (One door below Fourth St.) FRENCH LOOKING-GLASS DEPOT. HENRY S. YEAGER, No. 98 Walnut Street, above Fourth. A splendid assortment of Mantel and Pier Mirrors constantly on hand. MANUFACTORY, NO. 86 MARKET STREET, P)ilabe!pl)ia. J. & D. SELLERS & CO., No. 231 Market Street, Philadelphia, (NORTH side, fikst house below sixth street,) MANUFACTURERS OF WIRE-WORK, WIRE-CLOTH, AND SIEVES OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS. Riveted Fire and Garden Hose, Leather Belting for Mills and Machinery, Suction Hose, Fire-Buckets, Rivets and Burs, &c. Also constantly on hand, from the best makers, and for sale, Iron, Brass, and Copper Wire, Machine Cards, Comb-Plate, Card-Cleaners, Manufacturers' Articles, &c. MEL LO Y & FORD, MANUFACTURERS OF PLAIN AND JAPANNED TIN WAKE, AND No. 291 Market Street, between Seventh and Eighth, PHILADELPHIA. House Pipes, Heads, and Gutter Tin. Repairing at the lowest prices. PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 73 CHAPTER H. PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. CHESTNUT STREET THEATRE. The Chestnut Street Theatre (in Chestnut above Sixth Street), in point of architectural beauty, is the most elegant in the city. It was erected from designs by Wm. Strickland, in 1822. The entrance front is an arcade, supporting a screen of Composite columns, flanked by two wings, in which are niches containing statues of Comedy and Tragedy by Rush. Imme- diately below these are semicircular recesses, with basso-re- lievos representing the tragic and comic Muses. 7 74 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. TEACHERS OF itfusic, ©crmcm, i?rctul), IDratmncj, anb painting, No. 35 South Tenth Street, above Walnut. r b & w. ©a iua®[E)[Lts & ©® 03 IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC HARDWARE, CUTLERY, GUNS, AND HEAVY GOODS, No. 47 Market Street, and Nos. 22 & 24 Jones's Alley. iFcanltltu iFire JUisttrance No policy shall be vitiated through error merely, unless there existed at the time a fraudulent intention. ftf^* The original amount of policies will be reduced at any time, to suit the pleasure of insured parties. Jtfg^* Policies of two or more years' standing will be purchased upon surrender. Jg@°* Policies with the profits, forfeited by non-payment of pre- miums, may be renewed at any time by the payment of arrears, with interest; provided the health of the party at the time is unimpaired. The liberality of the travelling license is peculiar to this Company, permission being granted to cross the Atlantic, at any season of the year, in first-class steamers or sailing packets, free of extra charge. The object aimed at by this institution is stability and perpetuity. The rates of premium have been carefully prepared with reference to fluctuations. The first object of the plan presented is to make cer- tain provision to meet the first motive to insure, and which considera- tion should be paramount to all others, viz., the prompt payment of losses as they occur; after which, to make such additions of profits to the policy as the progressive gains of the Company will justify, or pay such gains to its members in cash on demand. The plan of operations adopted and practised by this Company is quite as valuable to the insured as it is popular with the public. DIRECTORS. Stephen R. Crawford, Jacob L. Florance, Lawrence Johnson, Ambrose W. Thompson, William M. Godwin, George M'Henry, Benjamin W. Tingley, Paul B. Goddard, James Devereux, William M'Kee. STEPHEN R. CRAWFORD, President. Ambrose W. Thompson, Vice President. Actuary— Pliny Fisk. Charles G. Imlay, Secretary and Treasurer. MEDICAL EXAMINERS. Paul B. Goddard, M. D., Alex. C. Hart, M. D., William Pepper, M. D. COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 113 VANDYKE BUILDING. has judiciously adapted his plan to the limited space allotted him, and has designed the exterior in a tasteful and scientific manner. The building is of brown stone, in the Italian style, and is five stories high. The first floor is occupied by the United States Life Insurance, Annuity, and Trust Company, an institution of the most substantial and honourable character, chartered by the State of Pennsylvania. The upper stories are occupied by agencies, commercial offices, &c. In the vicinity of this great central business stand are many elegant and beautiful stores, Banks, &c, lately erected. The most prominent are, the Bank of North America, the G-ranite Building, Ledger Office, and Jayne's Buildings. 10* 1U PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. PHILADELPHIA AND NEW YORK STEAM TRANSPORTATION CO. MERCHANTS' AND SWIFTSURE LINES, VIA DELAWARE AND RARITAN CANAL. These lines are composed of the First Class Steam Propellers, ERIE, CAYUGA, VULCAN, IRONSIDES, NEW YORK, ONEIDA, BLACK DIAMOND, AND ANTHRACITE, AND SEVENTEEN BARGES, And will run regularly during the season, leaving each city every day (Sunday excepted), and running THROUGH IN ABOUT 24 HOURS. ALL KINDS OF FREIGHT TAKEN AT THE LOWEST RATES. Shippers will find it greatly to their advantage to take this safe inland route, and call upon the subscribers previously to making other engagements. Egg* Merchandise destined beyond New York and Philadelphia, will be forwarded with promptness and despatch, free of commissions. For further particulars, apply to WM. M. BAIRD & CO., 63 South Wharves, Philada. WM. H. THOMSON, Pier 1, N. River, \ v v , J. & N. BRIGGS, No. 40 South Street, ) JSew Xorlc - UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 115 CHAPTER IV. EDUCATION. UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. The University of Pennsylvania, Ninth Street below Market, was established in 1750 as a charity school and an academy, through the exertions of a few public-spirited indi- viduals, among whom Dr. Franklin was prominent, — chartered and endowed in 1750, erected into a college in 1755, and into a University in 1779. The building first occupied by this school, was that known as "The Old Academy," in Fourth below Arch Street, originally built as a meeting-house by the friends of the Rev. G. Whit- field. This society, in disposing of the premises, reserved the 116 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. VIRGINIA HOTEL, No. 99 Walnut Street, North Side, between Third and Fourth Streets, Board per day, . . . . $1 25 Board per week, . . . 7 00 FREDERICK AULICK, Agent. ~~ J. G. O'BRIEN, PUBLISHER OF THE PHILADELPHIA WHOLESALE BUSINESS DIRECTORY AND CIRCULAR, "Wallace Street, Fifth house above Tenth, Srjvfnfl (Gaioen. BREWSTER & JOHNSON, BOOKSELLERS AND STATIONERS, No. 5 North Sixth St., Philadelphia, KEEP CONSTANTLY FOR SALE, AND MADE TO ORDER, BLANK BOOKS IN EVERY STYLE OF BINDING, SCHOOL AND COUNTING- HOUSE STATIONERY, SLATES. WRAPPING, WRITING, AND TISSUE PAPERS. Orders from the country promptly attended to. ATLANTIC AND MILLFORD GLASS WORKS, CROWLEYTOWN AND MILLFORD, BURLINGTON COUNTY, N. J. J. HUFFSEY & CO., MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN EVERT DESCRIPTION OF DRUGGIST GLASS WARE. Office, Ko. 50 North Fourth Street, above Arch, Philadelphia* ~WM. F. WARBURTON, NO. 138 CHESTNUT STREET, LATE OF THE FIRM AND SUCCESSOR TO W M. H. B E E B E & CO. J. & J. P. STEINER & CO., No. 75 North Third Street, IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN fStfglisf), Jfrmtft, autr UStmnn Small WLnvts, AND FANCY GOODS. J. STEINER. F. F. WOLGAMUTH. J. P. STEINER. HENRY VOLLMER. UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 117 right of a meeting hall in it for ever, for the use of itinerant preachers. Within the past two years this old and celebrated edifice has been removed, and a new and elegant structure of brick erected on its site. It is still a school attached to the University. In 1798, the trustees purchased from the State, the Presi- dent's House, built for the accommodation of the President of the United States. This spacious building, three stories high and 100 feet square, enlarged in 1807 for the convenience of the Medical Department, was taken down in 1828, when the present ones were erected. They are each 85 feet front, by 112 deep, surrounded by an open area, separated from the street by a neat and substantial iron railing. This Institution comprises four departments, viz., the academical, the collegiate, the medical, and the law. The pro- fessors are of the highest standing in the various departments, and the school ranks second to none. The Faculty consists of a Provost and a Yice-Provost, a Professor of Moral Philosophy, a Professor of Mathematics, an Emeritus Professor of the Greek and Latin Languages, a Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature, a Professor of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry, and a Professor of the Greek and Latin Languages. Besides these, there is a Professor of French, for voluntary classes in that language; and Professors of American History; of Chemistry applied to the Arts ; and of Natural History, — by whom Lectures are occasionally given. The college year extends from the eighth day of September, to the third day of July (in which month the Commencement is held), with two vacations of one week each at Christmas, and at the beginning of April. Tuition, $75 a year. The catalogue of the last college year contains the names of ninety-five students. 118 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. ESTABLISHED IN 1828. Ft. BUIST, Nurseryman atitr 4 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. WEAVER & VOLKMAR, ETNA HOT AIR FURNACE, NO. 121 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ABOVE SPRUCE. This furnace pos- sesses all discoveries bearing upon health- ful dispensation of hot air. Its longer radiating surface is placed in a more ad- vantageous position than in any other. Full particu- lars, with a long list of patrons having it in use, furnished at the store, as above, or forwarded by mail, together with A FULL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTOR'S CELEBRATED BRISTOWS HALL, 100 Chestnut Street. For $3, a splendid handwriting insured to all. A. P. HUGHES, MANUFACTURER OF CARHART'S PATENT MELODEONS, NO. 258 MARKET STREET, PHILADELPHIA. Also, Sole Agent for Melodeons from the celebrated establishment of Carhart & Needham; Agent for J. B. Dunham's Pianos, New York. GIRARD COLLEGE. 125 25 feet from floor to floor, and the third story 30 feet in the clear to the eye of the dome ; each story is divided into four rooms, each 50 feet square, and vestibules. The vestibules in the first story, and the lobbies over them in the second and third stories, occupy the northern and south- ern ends of the building; they are each 25 by 50 feet, exclu- sive of the space occupied by the stairways. The vaulting of each vestibule and lobby, springs from marble entablatures, supported by eight columns and as many antae. The shafts of these columns are each composed of a single piece ; the order of those in the first story is Ionic, in the second, a modified Corinthian, from the Tower of the Winds at Athens, and the third, a similar style, only somewhat lighter and more ornate. All the rooms and vestibules are vaulted with bricks ; those of the basement, first and second stories, with groin arches, and those of the third story, with pendentive domes springing from the floor, the horizontal or springing line being four feet square, with bands. These bands form semicircular arches on the four walls of each room, and from their angles at the floor, spring the pendentives. The horizontal section of each room is thus resolved into a circle at the top of the bands, and crowned with a dome; the dome, as well as the pendentive and bands, is enriched with deep cofferings, and the eye of the dome is finished with an ornamental fret, and covered with an inner skylight of 16 feet in diameter. The stairways are situated in the four corners of the building ; they are all composed of white marble, and are five feet three inches in width, with two landings or quarter paces in each story ; they are constructed on the " geometrical plan." All these stairways and landings are finished with rich balustrades of cast iron, and mahogany rails, springing from massy marble newels. The dome over the stairways is similar in construction to those in the rooms. 11* 126 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. PHILADELPHIA & BOSTON §>lnm TfintM tint SAILING DAYS, SATURDAY OF EACH WEEK. STEAMSHIP WILLIAM PBNN, CAPT. ZIMRI WHELDEN. 700 TONS BURTHEN, 350 Horse Power. Steamship Benjamin Franklin, CAPT. WINTHKOP SEARS. 700 TONS BURTHEN, 350 Horse Power. AGENTS. R. LINCOLN & CO., E. LINCOLN & CO., 23 CENTRAL WHARF, SS SOUTH WHARVES, Boston. Philadelphia. GIRARD COLLEGE. 127 The outbuildings are each 52 feet by 125 feet long, and three stories high, with a basement 7 feet above the surface of the ground; they are all faced with marble and roofed with copper. The easternmost building embraces four separate and com- plete dwelling-houses, for the officers of the Institution. The others are fitted up for the accommodation of the pupils, their tutors, governesses, and domestics. An additional building has recently been erected, to the west, for water purposes. The water is raised by a steam engine in the cellar, from a large well, and forced into tanks in the upper story. All the washing and drying, together with the baking, &c, is done by steam in this building. The whole establishment is enclosed by a wall ten feet high ; it has received from the citizens the name of the " ugly wall," and we think justly so, when the splendid edifices it encloses are taken into consideration. There are two gates of entrance, one on the north and one on the south front of the main edifice. The college grounds contain about 41 acres, the eastern por- tion of which is laid out in grass-plats, and gravel and paved walks, between and around all the buildings. The western portion of the estate, which contains 20 acres, is laid out in gardens, &c. ; a convenient farmhouse, barn, and outbuildings, have been erected on it. The whole cost of this magnificent college, including the improvements of the grounds, &c, was $1,933,821 78, which is $66,198 22 within the amount specified by Mr. Girard, for the erection and endowment of the Institution. The whole of this building has been erected in strict accor- dance with the will of its founder, with the exception of the portico, and that is justified by the proviso, that " utility and good taste should be left to determine in particulars not speci- 128 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. LINNARD & WEBER, First Premium Piano-Forte Ware Room ; NO. 294 CHESTNUT STREET, Between 10th and 11th, opposite the Academy of Fine Arts. Silver Medal awarded for the best Piano-Forte by the Franklin Institute, 1850. First Premium and Diploma for the best Piano-Forte by the Ohio Mechanics' Institute, Cincinnati, 1851. LINNARD & WEBER'S PIANOS Have invariably been awarded the highest premium whenever and wherever they have been brought into competition with those of other Makers. MANUFACTORY, NO. 396 MARKET STREET, BETWEEN ELEVENTH AND TWELFTH ST3. SLOTE & MOONEY HAVE RENEWED OPERATIONS IN THE 8VIH1KDVI1PIIM IB18SD198» OPPOSITE THEIR OLD LOCATION, West side of Wheeler's Court, North of St. James Street, Which were temporarily suspended on account of the late destruc- tive fire, that consumed their entire stock of materials. Their Type being all new (a beautiful Scotch face), they are prepared to do all work entrusted to them in the neatest style, and guarantee that it shall give full satisfaction in appearance and price. Particular attention given to Casting Wood Cuts, and Jobbing generally. GIRARD COLLEGE. 129 fied in the will." Let those who object, look at the building, and say whether it would have been a tasteful object without the portico. Last year, the remains of Mr. Grirard were removed from the churchyard, Spruce and Sixth Streets, and now rest tempo- rarily in the lower vestibule, on the south end of the building, beneath a statue of himself, beautifully cut in marble. It is said to be a good likeness. There is no country that possesses, either among the ruins of ancient or the work of modern days, a more beautiful struc- ture than this, or one in which chasteness of design, richness of decoration, and exquisite skill of workmanship, are more happily combined; and it is a subject of congratulation that every part of it was executed by American workmen. The number of orphans at present in the College is 305. The " will" is the governing principle of the Institution ; it provides that the orphans shall be instructed in the various branches of a sound education, comprising, reading, writing, grammar, arithmetic, geography, navigation, surveying, prac- tical mathematics, astronomy, natural, chemical, and experi- mental philosophy, the French and Spanish languages, and such other sciences and learning as the capacities of the pupils may merit or warrant. It further directs that the orphans should be admitted be- tween the age of six and ten years, and that those who merit it shall remain in the college until between the age of four- teen and eighteen years, when they are to be bound out to some useful occupation, such as agriculture, mechanical trades, arts, &c. The officers and teachers of the Institution at present com- prise a president, a secretary, two professors, two physicians, a matron, an assistant matron, five male teachers, twelve female teachers, and a steward. 130 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. WM. N. WIATT'S BOOKBINDER Y, No, 4 Taylor's Alley, BELOW CHESTNUT STREET, RUNNING FROM SECOND TO FRONT STREETS, PHILADELPHIA. Fine and Plain Binding, Blank work of every description, public and private Libraries, Music, and all kinds of Pamphlet work, done in the cheapest and best manner, at the shortest notice. BggT Jobbing of every description. BOOK AND STATIONERY STORE, NO. 26 MAIDEN STREET, KENSINGTON. POWERS & WEIGHTMAN, MANUFACTURERS OF SULPHATE OF QUINIA, MORPHIAS, MERCURIALS, AND MEDICINAL CHEMICALS GENERALLY, West side of Ninth St., from Brown to Parrish Sts., THOMAS H. POWERS. WUHtffc. WILLIAM WEIGHTMAN. n»j*«fM**t»»j*». POWERS, WEIGHTMAN & HARRISON, MANUFACTURERS OF ALUM, OIL OF VITRIOL, AQUAFORTIS, NITRIC AND MURIATIC ACIDS, EPSOM SALTS, BLUE VITRIOL, COPPERAS, ETC., AND ALCOHOL, SCHUYLKILL FALLS. DIRECT TO POWERS &, WEIGHTMAN, MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS, Ninth and Parrish Streets, Philadelphia. GEO. L. HARRISON, AND POWERS AND WEIGHTMAN. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 131 Clergymen, under no circumstances, according to the will of Mr. Girard, can be admitted into the College or its appurte- nances. Tickets of admission can be obtained by applying to any of the Directors, of whom the following is a correct list for 1852: — Samuel Norris, President, No. 307 Chestnut Street; William Biddle, N. W. corner of Eleventh and Arch Streets ; James J. Boswell, No. 50 High Street; Joseph R. Chandler, No. 105 North Tenth Street; Arthur G. Coffin, No. 60 Walnut Street; Joseph Cowperthwait, No. 44 Walnut Street; Mord. L. Dawson, N. W. corner of Tenth and Filbert Streets ; William J. Duane, No. 138 Walnut Street; James R. Gem- mill, No. 75 High Street; Thomas G. Hollingsworth, No. 53 Walnut Street; William Martin, Nos. 9 and 10 Exchange; Frederick A. Packard, No. 146 Chestnut Street; Samuel H. Perkins, No. 143 Walnut Street; Algernon S. Roberts, No. 80? Walnut Street; James Rowland, No. 483 Arch Street; William Welsh, No. 50 South Wharves; Henry W. Arey, Secretary, No. 153 South Ninth Street. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The early settlers of Pennsylvania well knew the importance of education, and encouraged its diffusion. The illustrious Penn says, in his Frame of Government, " Let men be good, and the government cannot be bad; but if men be bad, let the government be ever so good, they will warp and spoil it, to their turn. Those, therefore, who make a good government must keep it; viz., men of wisdom and virtue, which qualities, because they are not inherited, must be propagated by a na- tional education of youth." No system of general education was, however, attempted during our colonial existence. The patriots who framed the first state constitution, provided, " that a school or schools shall be established in each county by the 132 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. EDWARD SHIPPEN, Attorney and Counsellor at Law, and Commissioner for nearly all of the United States, including California* No. 173 Walnut Street. JOHN L. YOUNG, CHEAP AND FASHIONABLE HAT AND CAP MANUFACTURER, S. W. comer of Sch'l Front and Market Streets, Philada. FLEGEL, ANTRIM, & ROGERS, MANUFACTURERS OF Kegs, Barrels, and other Casks, BY MACHINERY, DRIVEN BY STEAM OR OTHER POWER, N«\V. Corner of Twelfth and Button wood Streets* J. S P I T T A L L, ENGRAVER AND DESIGNER ON WOOD, No. 141 Walnut Street, North Side, below Fifth. Views of Buildings, Newspaper Heads, and Medical and Miscel- laneous Illustrations. Also Xylographic Engravings, for Druggists' Labels, Manufacturers, &c. IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN BOOT & SHOE FINDINGS. NO. 32 NORTH FOURTH STREET, SAMUEL B. ASHMEAD JOHN K. HART, ■} |]|)Uaudpl)ta. JOHN H. SIMON, AND BLANK BOOK MANUFACTURER. Paper and Rag Warehouse, No. 114 North Third Street, ONE DOOR ABOVE RACE, PHILADA. Highest Price paid for Rags. THE VOICE OF THE WORLD. AWARDED TO CONRAD MEYER, FOR HIS TWO PIANOS, OCTOBER 15TH, 1851. ROYAL JURY ON MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. W. Stcrndale Bennet, London; Hector Berlioz, Paris; Sir Henry Bishop, London; Dr. Robert Black, America; Dr. Schafhault, Munich, Germany; Sir George Smart, London; Sigismund Thai berg, London; Dr. Wylde, London; Chevalier Newkoin, London; Professor Fischhof, Vienne; Cipriani Potter, London. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 133 legislature for the convenient instruction of youth, and that all useful learning shall be duly encouraged, in one or more universities." The Constitution of 1790 directed that u the legislature should, as soon as conveniently may he, provide by law, for the esta- blishment of schools throughout the State, in such manner that the poor may be taught gratis." Notwithstanding these provisions, little was done by public authority towards promoting this great national cause, until the year 1818, when the act " to provide for the education of children at the public expense, within the city and county of Philadelphia," was passed. This act was the foundation of our system of common schools. The intelligent regarded the success of this experiment with deep solicitude, and they soon had reason to be gratified with the results. In the Lancasterian system, then popular, there were, how- ever, serious and inherent defects, and the controllers and direc- tors became convinced that a radical change was necessary. It was made ; and the monitors were succeeded by assistant teachers. In the year 1828, the controllers were authorized to establish schools for the instruction of children under five years of age ; and in 1832, a model infant school was opened. Secondary schools were subsequently established, and the infant schools changed' to primary. The Central High School, Juniper below Market Street, is a beautifully-situated building, with a marble front, embel- lished with a portico in the Ionic order. This school was established in October, 1838, and has ever since been in suc- cessful operation. Its high character is widely known and appreciated ; and our city may well be proud of an institution 12 134 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. E. L. MOSS, NOTE AND BILL BROKER, No. 80 Walnut Street, Second door below Fourth Street, Philadelphia. PROMISSORY NOTES AND LOANS ON COLLATERALS NEGOTIATED PROMPTLY. COLLECTIONS MADE IN THE SOUTH. WM. BAILY & SON, Importers and Dealers in ENGLISH, FRENCH 6c SWISS WATCHES, JEWELRY, SILVEK-VVARE, PLATED- WARE, AND FANCY ARTICLES, Are constantly receiving: the latest styles of the above Goods, winch are ollered at wholesale or retail, at No. 216 Market Street, above Sixth, near Decatur Street, Philadelphia. ESTABLISHED IN lbl5. 0ct * Warranted to be what they art *° HERRING'S (WILDER'S PATENT) SALAMANDER SAFES. Awarded the li^^^i i nW U Walnut, Prize Medal lIF^nBillK and at the I pfflli I 'IB ~ 5 Granite World's Fair, IfQQ Streets > London, ^^SBH^y Philadelphia. JOHN PARREL, Sole Agent for State of Penna. R. TELFER, DESIGNER AND ENGRAVER ON WOOD, No. 47 South Fourth Street, CORNER OF HARMONY COURT. BOOK AND NEWSPAPER ILLUSTRATIONS, VIEWS OF BUILDINGS AND MACHINERY, SHOWBILLS, LABELS, ETC. Drawings for Patents and designs of all kinds executed with promptness to order. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 135 CENTRAL HIGII SCHOOL. which, we think, is not surpassed by any similar one in this country. Since its establishment, upwards of 2130 students have enjoyed its benefits. The average number attending the school at present is about 500. The course of studies taught, is well calculated to prepare them for a career, honourable alike to themselves, and useful to their country. These studies com- prise Latin and Greek, French and Spanish, extra English, English and Anglo-Saxon, belles-lettres, history, moral, men- tal, and political sciences, mathematics, graphics, anatomy, physiology, natural history, natural philosophy, and chemistry. The examinations of candidates for admission are held semi- annually, in January and July. Candidates to be admitted must be twelve years of age, must have passed at least one year in one of the public schools of this district, and must show on 136 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. LINN, SMITH & CO., WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS, No. 8 South Third Street, THREE DOORS BELOW MARKET STREET, $ I) il ab e Ip I) i a. CLAUDIUS B. LINN. HORACE P. SMITH. A. I. OLMSTED. L., S. & Co., have always on hand a complete assortment of DRUGS, MEDICINES, CHEMICALS, SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, PATENT MEDICINES, MEDICINE CHESTS AND MEDICAL SADDLE-BAGS, PAINTS, OILS, GLASS, DYE-STUPFS, ACIDS, INDIGO, VARNISHES, Perfumery, Fancy Goods, &e., &c., To which they invite the attention of Druggists, Physicians, and Country Dealers generally. Particular attention is given to the qualities of their articles ; and their arrangements for packing and shipping goods being very complete, they are prepared to fill aH orders with the utmost despatch. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 137 examination that he can read, write, and spell correctly, and that he has a competent knowledge of grammar, geography, history, arithmetic, algebra, and mensuration. In the year 1819, there were in the first school district 10 schools, 2845 pupils, and 10 teachers. At present there are 256 schools, 727 teachers, and about 50,000 scholars. The number and designation of these schools are, 1 High, 1 Normal, 53 Grammar, 29 Secondary, 130 Primary, and 40 unclassified, all under the direction of 23 controllers and 210 directors, distributed throughout the eleven sections, comprising the city and county of Philadelphia. These schools, since their organization, have been continued with increasing interest, by the controllers and directors. Our citizens regard their support as a social requirement and public obligation, their efficiency and usefulness being abundantly manifest, from the great number annually emanating from them, instructed in all the useful branches of education. To render the instruction in the public schools still more perfect, the controllers and directors were authorized to esta- blish the Xormal School, for the instruction of female teachers, which was done in 1848. The instruction of the pupils in this school, consists of a thorough training in all the branches taught in the public schools, with reference to teaching, toge- ther with such a course of mental and moral discipline, as shall improve the understanding and elevate the character. The course of instruction extends through a term of two years, and is the very best that could possibly be adopted to accomplish the design of its establishment. The examination of candidates for admission is semi-annual, in February and July. To be admitted as a pupil, the candi- date must be fifteen years of age, and must be proficient in orthography, definition of words, reading, English Grammar, History of the United States, arithmetic and penmanship, and 138 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. ALBRA WADLEIGH, Southwest Corner of Fourth and Chestnut Streets, (PHILADELPHIA BANK BUILDING,) GENERAL FIRE AND LIFE INSURANCE AGENCY, AND SPECIAL AGENT FOR THE CONNECTICUT MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Of Hartford, Capital $1,200,000, HARTFORD FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Of Hartford, Chartered 1810, CASH MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Of Harrisburg. PHILADELPHIA STEAM SUGAR REFINERY, No. 27 Church Alley. JOSEPH S. LOVERING & CO., PROPRIETORS. Steam Sugar, Refined without the use of Blood. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 130 must have attended one of the Public Grammar Schools of this district for one year. Previous to admission, she must declare her intention to pursue the business of teaching in the Public Schools of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The principal school-houses in the city and districts are all, with the exception of the High School, substantial brick edifices, principally three stories high, and of sufficient capacity to accommodate from 500 to 1000 pupils. The Office of the Controllers and Directors of the Public Schools is in the lower story of the Athenseum Build- ing, Sixth below Walnut Street. Normal School — Chester above Race Street. Locust Street School — Corner of Twelfth and Locust Streets. Zane Street School — Zane Street, between Seventh and Eighth Streets. Lombard Street School — Sixth near Lombard Street. Northeastern School — New near Second Street. Northwestern School — Race, near Schuylkill Eighth I Street. Southeastern School — Front below Pine Street. Southwestern School — Ashton, near Lombard and Schuylkill Front Street. Madison School — New Market above Noble Street. Jefferson School — Fifth above Poplar Street. Mount Vernon School — Catherine above Third Street. Weccacoe School — Corner of Second and Reed Streets. Monroe School — Buttonwood below Eleventh Street. Hancock School — Coates above Twelfth Street. Livingston School — Nixon above Callowhill Street. West Philadelphia School — Chestnut Street, West Philadelphia. Ringgold School — Eighth and Fitzwater Streets. 140 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. INDEPENDENT LINE OF STEAMERS BETWEEN PHILADELPHIA AND NEW YORK, Landing each way at Cape May. Fare to New York— Cabin Passage, . $2 00 " " Deck Passage, . . 1 00 Cape May, 1 50 The New and Splendid Ocean Steamers PENOBSCOT, KENNEBEC, & DELAWARE, Are now running regularly between Philadelphia and New York, LEAVING PHILADELPHIA From Wain's Wharf, second wharf below Chestnut Street, Daily, at 12 o'clock, Noon. LEAVE NEW YORK Also Daily, at 4 o'clock, P. M., from Pier 14, North River. Jggg? These Steamers have been thoroughly overhauled, and put in complete order. They are of the First Class for strength and speed, and were built expressly for Sea Navigation. FREIGHT RECEIVED BAIL Y. For Freight or Passage, apply at the Office on board, or to THOMAS CLYDE, Agent, H South Wharves, Philadelphia, or to M. SANFORD, Agent, Pier 14 North River, New York. HOUSE OF REFUGE. 141 Morris School — Palmer above Duke Street. Harrison School — Master near Second Street. The Philadelphia Society for the Establishment and Support of Charity Schools, was incorporated the 6th of April, 1791. This association was organized for the purpose of establishing and supporting schools, to educate gratis in reading, writing, arithmetic, and other useful learning, chil- dren of the poor, of all denominations, in the city of Philadelphia, the districts of Southwark, and the Northern Liberties. The school, Walnut Street west of Sixth, under charge of this So- ciety, has always maintained a high character. The average number of pupils attending, is about one hundred and fifty. The studies pursued in the Boys' Grammar School, comprise reading, penmanship, arithmetic, algebra, mensuration, gram- mar, geography, and History and Constitution of the United States. The girls, in addition to their studies, are taught various branches of needlework. This is very important, and will probably, in after life, be of great value to them. This association is principally supported in its labours by the patronage of the benevolent. House of Refuge. — This noble school of reformation, was incorporated on the 23d of March, 1826. Its object is "the employment of the idle, instruction of the ignorant, reformation of the depraved — a general diffusion of good morals, enlarge- ment of virtuous society, and the protection of life and property. Various Acts of Assembly have been subsequently passed, in aid of the Institution, and in extending its benefits. Persons under the age of twenty-one years, may be sent to the " Refuge" by the different criminal courts throughout the State ; also by the magistrates of the City and County of Philadelphia, in either of the following modes, viz., "on the complaint of the parent, guardian, or next friend, and with due proof that such infant is vicious and beyond the control of such parent, guardian, 142 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. WHOLESALE CLOTHING ESTABLISHMENT, S. W, corner of Fifth and Market Streets, CYRUS W. FOSS, Southwest Corner of Fourth and Chestnut Streets, GENERAL FIRE AND LIFE INSURANCE AGENCY, AND SPECIAL AGENT FOR THE KEYSTONE LIFE INSURANCE CO., OF PENNSYLVANIA, AT HARRISBURG, AND THE CASH MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE CO., HARRISBURG, PENNA. HOUSE OF REFUGE. 143 &c. Or where complaint and due proof is made that such infant is a proper subject for the House of Refuge, in consequence of vagrancy or vicious conduct, and that the parent, guardian, &c, in whose care such infant is, is incapable or unwilling to exercise a proper control over the said infant." There are two departments in the institution ; one for white, and the other for coloured children. The white department, is situated on Coates Street, between Schuylkill Seventh and Eighth Streets. The area occupied is about two and a quarter acres. The buildings were erected in 1827 and 1828. They accommodate 170 boys and 70 girls. The first inmate was received on the 8th of December, 1828. The coloured department, situated on the corner of William and Parrish Streets, was opened on the 1st of January, 1850. The lot on which these buildings stand, is 400 by 210 feet. The plan contemplates the accommodation of 154 boys and 98 girls; but provision is at present only made for 72 of the former and 36 of the latter. Want of funds has prevented the completion of this praiseworthy object. Great improvements have been introduced into these build- ings ; they are well warmed, lighted, and ventilated, and are very commodious. They were erected at a cost of $70,000. It is in contemplation by the managers to erect new buildings, for the accommodation of the white children, when the neces- sary funds are obtained. An admirable site, adjoining that of the coloured department, has been obtained. The lot is ample, being 400 feet square. A plan of the buildings, &c, has been selected by the board of managers, which will, if fully carried out, accommodate 500 children. No effort, we trust, will be want- ing to make these new buildings a model for all similar institu- tions. The boys in the white department, are employed in caning chair seats, bookbinding, and making razor straps ; while those in the coloured department, are occupied in making umbrella 144 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. C . & E . TRACY, MANUFACTURERS OF WAttilQ QA813 HQ ID ID MIS, AND DEALERS IN GOLD AND SILVER BULLION, GOLDSMITHS' HALL, Circular. — We avail ourselves of this opportunity to announce our removal to Goldsmiths' Hall, Library Street, where, in larger and more convenient premises, we shall continue our business as manu- facturers of Watch Cases and Dials, and Assayers and Dealers in Gold and Silver Bullion. We tender thanks to our customers for the business they have been pleased heretofore to transact with us, and assure them we shall hereafter study still more closely to please. With our present facilities, we shall be able to do a larger amount of work, to be more prompt in the execution of special orders, aid shall endeavour to give every satisfaction in the style and character of work entrusted to us. Being confident that we are now better prepared than ever to serf* the wants of the Watch Trade, we respectfully solicit orders. C. & E. TRACY. HOUSE OF REFUGE. 145 furniture. The cooking, washing, making, and mending, for the respective establishments, are done by the female inmates, who thus acquire a thorough knowledge of housekeeping. Bather more than four hours a day are devoted to the school- room, and nearly eight hours to the shops. We were much pleased with the cleanly and comparatively happy appearance of these children ; — indeed, it is necessary to visit this Institu- tion to fully realize its benefits to those, otherwise outcasts of society. A year's training, we are told, is generally found suffi- cient to produce the desired reformation. When, in the opi- nion of the proper committee, an inmate is properly prepared, a suitable place is obtained for him. When a child leaves the Refuge, the managers keep a parental eye to his future welfare, and the master under whose charge he is placed, is required to communicate yearly, to the superintendent, an account of the health, conduct, and improvement of his apprentice. In most instances, these accounts are favourable. In conclusion, we may confidently say, that the Institution under notice, has produced immense benefits, not only to the children who have enjoyed its advantages, but to the community at large. Such schools, indeed, are required in every populous city, where strong temptations allure the young and unwary from the paths of virtue. Strangers are admitted every afternoon, except Saturday and Sunday. Tickets can be obtained from a manager, a judge, or the mayor of the city. Citizens are only admitted on Wednes- day, at two o'clock p. M. Tickets can be obtained as above. "The Refuge" is sustained by aid from the State and the County of Philadelphia, by life and annual subscribers, lega- cies of the benevolent, and the labour of the inmates. Fifty dollars constitutes a life, and two dollars an annual, subscrip- tion. 13 146 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. BALTIMORE AND PHILADELPHIA STEAMBOAT CO. DAILY AT 3 P.M., VIA THE CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE CANAL. Steamboats TELEGRAPH, UNION, EMPIRE, CALIFORNIA, OREGON, ROBERT F. STOCKTON, BALTIMORE, CUMBERLAND, and Barges ELK, CHESAPEAKE, and CATOCTIN. Chartered by an Act of the General Assembly of the State of Maryland, passed February 23d, 1844. For the conveyance of Passengers, Merchandise, Specie, Baggage, &c, &c, &c, to Baltimore, Md., Washington, Alexandria, and Georgetown, D. C, Richmond, Petersburg, Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Wheeling, Va., Cincinnati, Ohio, Louisville, Ky., St. Louis, Mo., and the South and West generally. Direct through, without Transhipment, Delay, or Commission, Office in Philadelphia, 19 South Wharves, A. Groves, Jr., Agent. " Baltimore, 3 Light St. Wharf, J. A. Shriver, Agent. HASTINGS & CO., NO. 120 NORTH FIFTH STREET, (above race), MANUFACTURERS OF AND DENTISTS' GOLD AND TIN FOIL. C. MILLER, Grand Action Piano Forte MANUFACTURER, No. 22 South Sixth Street, BETWEEN CHESTNUT AND MARKET, :|3r)ilabelpl}ia. Tuning and Repairing done in the best manner. ACADEMY OF THE VISITATION. 147 Academy of the Protestant Episcopal Church. — This Institution was established in 1785, under the auspices of the late Bishop White, and revived in 1846, under those of Bishop Potter. The Academy, lately erected in Locust Street, near Broad, is a noble building, in the Elizabethan style, con- structed of red stone. — The pupils are conducted through a course of classical and elementary instruction ; to such as have the ministry in view, those branches of learning are taught, which the canons of this church require as preliminary to an entrance upon a course of theological study. A playground is attached to the building, and the upper stories are furnished with gymnastic implements for the exercise of the pupils. Theological Seminary of St. Charles Borromeo. — Schuylkill Fifth and Bace Streets. This Institution was in- corporated in 1848, and is under the direction of Lazaritists, or priests of the Congregation of Missions. It is supported, principally, by the voluntary donations of the faithful of the diocese. The number of students is about thirty, twenty-one of whom are preparing for orders : within the past year four priests have been ordained. The Seminary buildings have lately been enlarged and much improved. Philadelphia Academy of the Visitation, situated on the southwest corner of Broad and Poplar Streets. The loca- tion of this Institution, and the adaptation of the buildings and grounds to the health, comfort, and recreation of the inmates, are such, as to excite the admiration of all who are interested therein. Its position is peculiarly favourable, fronting on the noblest avenue in Philadelphia, and situated on one of the highest points of ground in the vicinity. This beautiful build- ing is of marble, in the Grecian style. It was erected origi- nally by one of our wealthy citizens as a private mansion; it possesses every convenience for the purpose to which it is now appropriated. It is surrounded by a garden, enclosed in front 148 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. R. LINDSAY & GO, BOOKSELLERS & STATIONERS, N. W. Corner of Fourth and Chestnut Streets, HAVE ALWAYS ON HAND, A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF MISCELLANEOUS, SCHOOL & CLASSICAL BOOKS, ALSO, ELEGANT ILLUSTRATED WORKS, AND THE BIBLES AND PRAYER BOOKS, OF VARIOUS STYLES OP BINDING. JUVENILE BOOKS IN GREAT VARIETY, WITH A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OP BLANK BOOKS AND STATIONERY, All for sale at very low prices* SUNDAY SCHOOLS. 149 ACADEMY OF THE VISITATION. from the street, by an ornamental iron railing. The grounds are spacious, tastefully laid out, and planted with choice and beautiful shade trees, shrubs, and flowers. The Academy is under the direction of the Ladies of Visitation. It may be well to say that this is also the Convent of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary. There are nineteen members in the community, thirteen of whom are professed. The Institution was incorporated in 1850. Society for the Institution and Support of First-day or Sunday Schools, in the city of Philadelphia, and the districts of Southwark and the Northern Liberties. This asso- ciation, however unpretending in its efforts, has been continued through a long series of years. It was organized January 11th, 1791, by a number of benevolent individuals, their ob- ject being "to procure instruction to be given upon the Sabbath, 13* 150 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. JOSEPH H. BRIGHTLY, ID 13 1 (ft DUB AND ENGRAVER ON WOOD, No. 141 Chestnut Street, THIRD STORY. The principal part of the Engravings in this work designed by J. H. B. a&82 S1?# No. 10 North Sixth Street, (near market street, west side,) 13t)i'lat)elpl)fa. PAWSON & NICHOLSON, BOOKBINDERS, No. 23 Minor Street, BETWEEN MARKET AND CHESTNUT, BELOW SIXTH STREET, Amateurs and Connoisseurs are respectfully informed they can have their rare or choice books bound in a manner that will vie with the first class Paris or London binding. B. FRANK PALMER, INVENTOR AND MANUFACTURER OF PALMER'S PATENT ARTIFICIAL LEG, The perfect/ac simile of nature, strong and durable, excessively light, adapted to all cases of amputation, with free use of knee, ankle, and toe joints, by means of a tendo Achilles and the tendons and springs, which perform functions of the flexor and extensor muscles. Honoured with TWENTY GOLD AND SILVER (FIRST PREMIUM) MEDALS, AND THE MEDAL OF THE WORLD'S EXHIBITION, LONDON, 1851, The eminent surgeons of the jurors awarding which pronounced "Palmer's patent, the best art leg they had ever seen." Offices — 376 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. Burt's Block, Springfield, Mass. 30 Regent Street, London, England. UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 161 The idea of establishing this school in Philadelphia was con- ceived by Dr. Wm. Shippen and Dr. John Morgan. Some conversation upon the subject passed between these gentle- men, while prosecuting their studies in Europe ; but to which of the two the merit of priority in the conception belongs, has not been determined. Dr. Shippen, on his return from Europe in 1765, delivered a course of lectures in this city on anato- my, in the introduction to which he expressed his belief " in the expediency and practicability of teaching medicine in all its branches in Philadelphia. " In the mean time, Dr. Morgan formed the project of engrafting a Medical Department on the College of Philadelphia, and secured in its favour several of the most influential friends of the Institution both in Great Britain and America. The project was laid before the trustees, on the 3d of May, 1765, and approved. Dr. Morgan was immediately appointed Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine, and on the 23d of September, the same year, Dr. Shippen was appointed Professor of Anatomy and Surgery. Since then the number of Professors has been increased, until, at the present time, they comprise a Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine, a Professor of Chemistry, a Professor of Surgery, a Professor of Anatomy, a Professor of the Institutes of Medi- cine, a Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children, a Professor of Materia Medica and Pharmacy, and a Professor of Clinical Surgery. Courses of Lectures are de- livered by each of the Professors upon the branches of medicine respectively attached to their chairs. The sessions begin early in October and continue through March. The Anatomical Museum in the Medical Hall is fifty feet square, with a gallery on three sides. It is abundantly fur- nished with preparations of every kind calculated to give the fullest illustrations of a course of anatomical lectures. The Surgical Cabinet is richly supplied with the means of demon- 14* 162 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. The regular course of Lectures in this Institution commences early in October, and continues until the 1st of March. The annual Com- mencement for conferring Degrees is held early in March. The Faculty is composed as follows : ROBLEY DUNGLISON. M.D., Professor of Institutes of Medicine, §c. ROBERT M. HUSTON, M.D., Prof of Materia Medica and General Therapeutics. JOSEPH PANCOAST, M.D., Prof, of General, Descriptive, and Surgical Anatomy. JOHN K. MITCHELL, M.D, Prof, of Practice of Medicine. THOMAS D. MUTTER, M.D., Prof, of Institutes and Practice of Surgery. CHARLES D. MEIGS, M.D., Prof, of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children. FRANKLIN BACHE, M.D., Prof, of Chemistry. The College is in Tenth Street below Chestnut. It is a beautiful and commodious structure, which has been modified and enlarged, from time to time, to adapt it for the necessary number of students. The Chemical Laboratory, and the different Cabinets and Museum are well supplied with materials for teaching ; and connected with the buildings is an hospital department for the reception of surgical cases especially. Every Wednesday and Saturday in the month of October, and during the course, Medical and Surgical cases are investigated, prescribed for, and lectured on before the class. During the last year nineteen hundred and seventy-nine cases were treated, and two hundred and seventy-three operations performed. Amongst these were many major operations — as lithotomy, amputation of the leg, arm, &c, extirpation of the eye and mamma ; trephining, extensive plastic operations ; re- section of the femur for anchylosis, &c, &c. The Lectures are so arranged as to permit the student to attend the Lectures and Clinical Demonstrations at the Pennsylvania Hospital. On and after the 1st of October, the dissecting rooms are open, under the direction of the Professor of Anatomy and the Demonstra- tor, Dr. Ellerslie Wallace. The Fees are as follows : Matriculation, which is paid only once, $5 00 To each Professor, $15, ... 105 00 For Graduation, .... 30 00 The number of students during the session 1850-51, was 504 ; and of Graduates 227. R. M. HUSTON, M.D., Dean of the Faculty, No. 1 Girard St. Philadelphia, Nov., 1851. JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE. 163 stration, and the chemical apparatus is equal in extent and variety to any other in the country. The Medical Hall is admirably adapted for the purposes of the school. It is central in location, and has ample space around for free circulation of air. Its dimensions and archi- tectural character are such as not to appear incongruous with the extent of the school and the high objects for which it was established. JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE. The Jefferson Medical College was established in 1825, and chartered the same year. The College building, Tenth Street, between Chestnut and Walnut, has been repeatedly enlarged, in order to accommodate the constantly increasing number of students. The principal of these enlargements took place in the year 1845, when the nourishing condition of the school was such as to render the old building (itself already very large) entirely inadequate to the purpose for which it was intended. The building as it appears at present, was designed by Mr. N. Le Brun, architect, and exhibits, on a lot of limited dimensions, the 164 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. GEORGE W. LORD & SON, AUCTIONEERS, 210 Market Street, corner of Decatur, up stairs. BOOKS, STATIONERY, BOOTS AND SHOES, ETC. HENRY TENNENT, WORKER IN TIN PLATE, SHEET-IRON, ZINC, COPPER, ETC., No. 3 North Sixth. Street, Philadelphia. EDWARD Y. FARQTJHAR, CONVEYANCER, COMMISSIONER FOR THE FOLLOWING STATES: VERMONT, DELAWARE, ALABAMA, MINESOTA, RHODE ISLAND, INDIANA, OHIO, MISSOURI. Farquhar Buildings, Walnut Street* JOHN W. RYAN, MANUFACTURER OP ALCOHOL, CAMFHINE. AND Swanson and Washington Sts,, Southwark, Philada. PHILADELPHIA GENERAL INSURANCE AGENCY, 145 Chestnut Street, U. S. Hotel Building. This Agency is now doing business for five different Companies, all of which have promptly and liberally paid their losses in this city Their aggregate capital is heavy, giving us facilities for insuring to a large amount, on one risk or property. We are happy in being able to state, that our efforts to afford property holders their insurance at fair rates, appears to have been appreciated. A large patronage has been kindly extended ; and for this mark of public confidence in us, as underwriters, we feel ourselves greatly indebted. GILLETT & COGGSHALL, Agents. LEE & WALKER'S (SUCCESSORS TO GEORGE WILLIG,) 188 Chestnut Street, under the Utah House. Music, Musical Instruments, Pianos, &c, wholesale and retail, on the lowest terms. Jg*^ Schools, Seminaries, &c, supplied at the shortest notice. JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE. 165 most ample and convenient arrangements. The front is em- bellished by a hexastyle composite portico of beautiful and much-admired proportions. The entrance, on the north side of the building, leads by am- ple stairways to the several lecture-rooms, &c. On the first floor is a room 50 by 70 feet, adjoining which is the Labor- itory, and other apartments necessary for the purpose of :he lectures. In the second story is the Anatomical Lecture- -oom, constructed in the form of an amphitheatre, and of the ?ame dimensions as the room below. The arrangement of these rooms has been made to insure comfort to the students, while the important desiderata in mch establishments, viz., light, ventilation, and acoustic adapta- :ion, have been attended to. A magnificent Museum has been placed in the rear of the juilding on this story. It is amply provided with materials for llustrating the various branches. In addition to the Osseous, Nervous, Vascular, Muscular, Ligamentous, and other prepara- ions for anatomical demonstration, it also contains a large lumber of wet preparations, relating to Pathology, Obstetrics, Surgery, &c, and an extensive collection of diseased bones, cal- culi, models in wood, plaster, and wax, together with an ample series of paintings and engravings, representing healthy and norbid parts, fractures, dislocations, tumours, &c, and the surgical operations necessary for their relief. The dissecting-room is over the Museum, in the third story, "t is pronounced one of the very best in the city for this mrpose. Convenient rooms for the Faculty, and private chambers for he professors and students, are placed in rear of the stairways. Attached to the College are hospital accommodations, which brm part of the clinic of the Institution : they are under harge of the different Professors, and are richly supplied with 166 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. Jttetitcai Xnstitute of JMjtlatrdpijta. 1 8 5 2. The Annual Course of Lectures will "be commenced on the First Monday in April, and be continued until October, with the usual recess in August. LECTURES ON General and Special Anatomy, John Neill, M. D. J. J. Reese, M. D. Wm. B. Page, M. D. H. H. Smith, M. D. W. W. Gerhard, M. D. Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, Principles and Practice of Surgery, Practice of Medicine, .... Medical Chemistry H. E. Drayton, M. h. Physiology, Joseph Leidy, M. D. FEE FOR THE COURSE, .... $60. For Graduates and others who have attended two full Courses in recognised Medical Schools, - 45 For either Ticket separately, 10 For General Tickets and further information, apply to JOHN NEFLL,, M.D., Secretary, 317 Spruce Street* GIVE US YOUR COUNTENANCE! M'CLEES & GERMON'S NO. 182 CHESTNUT STREET, (Opposite Masonic Hall.) With the citizens of Philadelphia this establishment has for sk years been the most popular resort for Daguerreotypes. The pro- prietors pledge themselves to continue to merit their high reputation in the Daguerrean Art. In addition to the extensive Daguerreotype business, the proprietors invite an inspection of their improved Talbotypes, which are made to resemble the finest miniature painting in efi°ect of colour, retaining all the truthfulness of the Daguerreotype in likeness. THE MEDICAL INSTITUTE. 167 nedical and surgical cases, forming a prominent and important dement in the educational resources of the establishment. It ippears that there were treated in this department, during he clinical year ending April 2d, 1851, nineteen hundred md seventy-nine cases, of which one thousand and seventy-four vere admitted to the medical department, and nine hundred md five to the surgical. This list exceeds the preceding year jy two hundred and seventy, and embraces many of the most mportant medical and surgical cases. The Medical Institute of Philadelphia, founded in 1817, owes its origin to the Professors of the Theory and Prac- ice of Medicine in the University of Pennsylvania, and for a )eriod of thirty-four years it has occupied an important position imong the medical institutions of this city, being in fact the )ldest among them, with the exception of the University. The object of Dr. Chapman in founding this school was, pri- narily, to benefit his large class of office students, during the nterval between the winter sessions, by giving them a com- )ined course of medical instruction. For this purpose, asso- dations were formed at different periods, with Drs. Horner, T. larris, Mitchell, Dewees, Jackson, Hodge, Bell, and many >ther gentlemen, who have long occupied distinguished public dtuations, and whose names are widely known to the medical Drofession. The design of the Institution differs materially from that of he winter schools, with which it has no connexion whatever, [t confers no degree or diploma, being intended rather to ifford such a course of instruction, practical and demonstrative, is is particularly needed by those students who remain in the ?ity, either for the whole period of their study, or during any single interval between the winter lectures. The course of instruction embraces Anatomy, Materia 168 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. PENNSYLVANIA COLLEGE— MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. FACULTY. Wm. Darrach, M.D., Professor of Principles and Practice of Medicine; John Wilt- bank, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children; Henry S. Patterson, M.D., Professor of Materia Medica and Pharmacy; William R. Grant, M.D., Professor of Anatomy and Physiology; David Gilbert, M.D., Professor of Principles and Practice of Surgery; Washington L. Atlee, M.D., Professor ot' Medical Chemistry; Wm. H.Gobrecht, M.D., Demonstrator of Anatomy and Curator of the Museum. During the summer of 1849, the Trustees and Faculty erected the beautiful and spacious edifice which is now occupied, situated in Ninth below Locust Street, near the Pennsylvania Hospital. The building is as well adapted to its object as any similar edifice in the world, and has ample accommodations for a class of four hundred pupils. The appliances for heating and ventilation are after the most approved modern plans, and secure a steady, comfortable tempera- ture, with a free access of fresh, and constant discharge of foul air. This is a circumstance of much importance, in view of the fact that the health of students so frequently suffers from confinement in crowded and illy ventilated rooms. The building contains three Lecture Rooms, Museum, Laboratory, Anatomical Rooms, &c. The course of instruction occupies nearly five months, without any intermission. There are six lectures delivered daily, except on clinical days, when there are only four. It is the aim of each Pro- fessor to make his course at once full, comprehensive, and practical. All the branches are regarded as demonstrative, and are so taught. The instruction, therefore, on every topic of medical science, is ad- dressed to the eye, as well as the ear of the pupil. Examinations in each branch are given by the respective Professors, either at the commencement of each lecture, or at separate hours. All the pupils may be present at these examinations. Clinical Instruction. — The Faculty have ever regarded Clinical in- struction as an important part of medical teaching, and, in ad- dition to the lectures at the Pennsylvania Hospital, a regular Course \ of Clinical Medicine and Surgery has been appointed, to continue throughout the year. During the past year a very large number of cases in the departments of Practice and Surgery, with numerous operations, were brought before the class. In addition to these clinical advantages in the College, all second course students are furnished, free of expense, with tickets to the Pennsylvania Hospital, one of the largest and best arranged institutions in this country. In this hospital about two thousand cases are treated during the year. The requisites for graduation are the same as those of the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania. Fees. — Matriculate, $5. Each Professor, $15. Graduation, $30. Demonstrator, $10. The number of students in attendance during the session of 1850-1 was 126, and present session, 1851-2, about 140. All persons having business with the Faculty, or desiring further information, will address DAVID GILBERT, M.D., Registrar, No. 1 M Arch Street. PENNSYLVANIA COLLEGE. 169 Medica, Obstetrics, Practice of Medicine, Surgery, Physiology, ind Chemistry. The course of instruction commences in April and continues until October, with the usual vacation during the summer. PENNSYLVANIA COLLEGE. Pennsylvania College, Ninth below Locust Street. This commodious and imposing edifice was erected in 1849. The design is from the Architect of Girard College. With that beautiful chef-d'oeuvre we do not compare it : neverthe- less, this building bears the distinguished features of the same genius ; — perfect in its outlines and details, economical and 15 170 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. ^IjtlitMpljia tariatiint for J&Mral Snstrttrtinti. TENTH ANNUAL ANNOUNCEMENT. The Lectures in this Institution will commence on the first Monday in April, 1852, and continue, with the usual Midsummer Recess, until the opening of the Winter Schools. Not more than three Lectures are delivered daily, and the hours arc so arranged as not to interfere with a regular attendance upon the Clinical Instruction at the Hospitals and Medical Colleges. The Lectures on Surgery, Obstetrics, and on Physiology, being attached to the St. Joseph's Hospital, an additional opportunity will be afforded to the Class for Clinical Instruction under their iro mediate preceptors. The following is a schedule of the Course : ANATOMY, . . . . . J. M. ALLEN, M. D. PHYSIOLOGY, . . . . . F. G. SMITH, JR., M. D. MEDICAL CHEMISTRY, . . . ROBERT BRIDGES, M. D. MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS, FRANCIS WEST, M. D. PATHOLOGY AND PRACTICE OF MEDICINE, J. FORSYTH MEIGS, M. L. INSTITUTES AND PRACTICE OF SURGERY, J. H. B. M'CLELLAN, M. D, OBSTETRICS AND DISEASES OF WOMEN, W. V. KEATING, M. D. CLINICAL MEDICINE, .... ALFRED STILLE, M. D. FEE FOR THE COURSE, $60. SINGLE TICKETS, $10. FRANCIS G, SM1TII, JR., Secretary, No, 291 Spruce Street. UNION HOTEL, No. 91 Walnut Street, between Third and Fourth. This new establishment oflFers to the traveller and man of business facilities and comforts of Lodging, Dining, &c, in a manner not here tofore attainable in Philadelphia. Restaurant a la Carte. Privat< Supper and Dining Rooms. Choicest Wines, Liquors, and Segars. Every article in Season, and every comfort that can be requitd by Lodgers. J. B. CLAES, Proprietor. PHILADELPHIA AGENCY OF THE TENNESSEE MARINE AND FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. INSURE MERCHANDISE OR PRODUCE AGAINST LOSS BY RIVER, LAKE, OR SEA. NAVIGATION. Capital, $300,000. JOHN M. HILL, President. JOSEPH VAULX, Secretary. FRANCIS H. DUFFEE, Agent, No. 82 South Third Street, opposite the Exchange. The standing of this Company is unexceptionable, and reference is made to tli following gentlemen of this city : — Messrs. Grigg, Elliot & Co. ; Wood, Abbott & Co. 11. Patterson & Co.; Campbell, Martin & Co.; Stuart, Brothers; Humphreys, Dutil & Co.; John Haseltine, Esq.; Evans Rogers, Esq.; David S. Brown & Co., &c. Losses promptly adjusted, either here or at the parent Office, in Nashville, lenn. A full statement of the affairs of the Company can be seen at this Office. PENNSYLVANIA COLLEGE. 171 seful in design, and attractive in appearance. The building 5 sixty by eighty feet, five stories high. Its front elevation 5 the Collegiate G-othic, and, being adorned with embattle- lents and embrasures, presents to our city a new style of difice, at once substantial, tasteful, and novel. The building contains three lecture-rooms, the arrangement f which is such as to admit of the speaker and his experi- lents and demonstration, being seen from every seat. They re all constructed on acoustic principles. In addition to those ooms, there is a spacious Museum, a dissecting-room, a che- lical laboratory, a Registrar's ofiice, private rooms for the Pro- essors, together with various ante-rooms for the students, and partments for the Janitor. The Museum is beautifully arranged. It is 22 feet in width, :7 in length, and 24 high, surrounded on all sides by a gallery .2 feet from the floor. It contains a great variety of wet and !ry preparations, both physiological and pathological, models nd casts in plaster and wax, together with an extensive series »f paintings, diagrams, and plates, classified under the heads >f Anatomy, Physiology, Medical and Surgical Pathology, and )bstetrics, in addition to which there is an extensive cabinet »f Materia Medica, and a well-selected chemical and philoso- )hical apparatus. The dissecting-room is over the Museum. It is well lighted, veil ventilated, and every way adapted to its purpose. The facade is of brown stone, and is ornamented by two nassive towers, eighty feet high, crowned with a rich em- battled parapet. The corner-stone of this edifice was laid on the 31st of May, L849, and the building completed and occupied in October, 1850. 172 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. A FEW DOORS SOUTH OF WALNUT STREET. Two Full Courses of Lectures are given in each year. The Spring Session commences about the 10th of March. The Winter Course begins about the 13th of October. Degrees are conferred about the 10th of July and 1st of March. President, Hon. J. R. BURDEN, M.D. FACULTY. JAMES McCLINTOCK, M.D., PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF SURGERY. RUSH YAN DYKE, M.D., MATERIA MEDICA AND GENERAL THERAPEUTICS. THOS. D. MITCHELL, M.D., THEORY AND PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. JAMES BRYAN, M.D., INSTITUTES OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE. EZRA S. CARR, M.D., MEDICAL CHEMISTRY. JAMES McCLINTOCK, M.D., GENERAL, SPECIAL, AND SURGICAL ANATOMY. F. A. FICKARDT, M.D., OBSTETRICS AND DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. GEORGE HEWSTON, M.D., DEMONSTRATOR OF ANATOMY. FEE for a Full Course, . . . . . $84 00 Matriculation (paid once only), . . . 5 00 Graduation, ...... 30 00 For those who have attended two full courses in other Colleges 45 00 jg^g^Full Course Candidates for Graduation will be furnished with Tickets to the Pennsylvania Hospital, without charge. The full Fee will be paid to the Dean, who will issue a Certificate which will entitle the Student to the Ticket of each Professor. For further information, inquire of Dissecting Ticket, Perpetual Ticket, 10 00 150 00 JAMES McCLINTOCK, M.D., Dean, No. 1 Nortli Eleventh Street. PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE. 173 PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE. The Philadelphia College of Medicine. — This institu- tion was chartered in 1847, with all the rights, privileges, and immunities, granted to other medical colleges in the State. It is located, for the present, in South Fifth, near Walnut Street. The building is commodious, and centrally situated, though it is in contemplation to erect a new and more impos- ing edifice, in a more western situation, as the prospects of the school go on improving. In the present building, the facilities for instruction are abundantly supplied, the lecture-rooms are ample, and the museum is one of the best in the city ; the dis- 15* 174 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. THOMAS SINCLAIR'S ESTABLISHMENT, 101 Chestnut St., Granite Building, (North Side, above Third.) A SILVER MEDAL AWARDED BY THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE, ALSO THE FIRST PREMIUM BY THE MARYLAND INSTITUTE. Having succeeded in bringing this most beautiful art to such per- fection that the most delicate touches of the pencil can be equalled, if not surpassed, in brilliancy and richness of colours, is now pre- pared to execute all orders for (See title of this book for specimen.) VIGNETTES, SHOW CARDS, FANCY LABELS, yovtrattjs, Hauttscajjes, $zt. Anatomical and Geological Drawings executed with the strictest accuracy. Also Maps, Plans, Certificates, and all kinds of Labels. Merchants and others desiring their circulars a fac simile of their own writing, furnished with the proper ink and paper. All work warranted equal to any done in the United States. Orders forwarded as above will meet with prompt attention. PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE. 175 secting-rooms are unsurpassed, if not unequalled, and the at- mosphere of the whole building, so thorough in its ventilation, is perfectly pure. The full period of study is the same in this institution as that at the other colleges, with this difference, that two courses of lectures are delivered annually, instead of one. One of these is termed the " Winter Course," commencing in Octo- ber; the other is called the " Spring Course," commencing about a week after the close of the first, on or about the 10th of March. The objects of this Spring Course seem sufficiently obvious, while its advantages, especially to the students coming from a distance, are important. The arrangements of the school are such as to place the propriety of the plan beyond a cavil, and to render the advantages absolute, since they insure the student courses of instruction, and facilities for the acqui- sition of knowledge, equally full in the spring as in the winter. This, though a new enterprise, is in successful operation. The Faculty are now prosecuting its tenth course of Lectures. The statistics exhibiting a flattering increase, both in reputa- tion and size of classes. The corporation has conferred 9 Adeundem, 19 Honorary ; and 215 full degrees. The percent- age of graduations betokens the application of a high standard of requirements, to the qualifications of the candidate in his final examination ; and the number of matriculants speak well for the reputation and teaching capacity of the Faculty — the number of its attending students having been 799. The Faculty comprises, a Professor of General and Special Surgical Anatomy, and the Principles and Practice of Surgery, a Professor of General Therapeutics, Materia Medica, and Pharmacy; a Professor of the Institutes of Medicine and Medical Jurisprudence ; a Professor of Medical Chemistry ; a Professor of Obstetrics, and Diseases of Women and Children, 176 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. HOMEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. FILBERT STREET, ABOVE ELEVENTH, PHILADELPHIA. The Lectures of the regular course will commence annually on the Second Monday of October, and continue until the first of March ensuing. Amount of Fees for a full course of Lectures, . . $100 00 Students who have attended two full courses at other schools, 30 00 Matriculation Fee, paid only once, . . . . 5 00 Practical Anatomy, . . . . . . . . 10 00 Graduation Fee, 30 00 FACULTY. WALTER WILLIAMSON, M.D., PROFESSOR OF MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS. WILLIAM S. HELMUTH, M.D., PROF. OF HOMCEOPATHIC INSTITUTES AND THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. SAMUEL FREEDLY, M.D., PROF. OF BOTANY AND MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE. CHARLES NIEDHARD, M.D., PROFESSOR OF CLINICAL MEDICINE. JOSEPH G. LOOMIS, M.D., PROF. OF OBSTETRICS AND THE DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. ALVAN E. SMALL, M.D., PROFESSOR OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY. MATTHEW SEMPLE, M.D., PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY. FRANCIS SIMS, M.D., PROFESSOR OF SURGERY. WILLIAM A. GARDINER, M.D., PROFESSOR OF ANATOMY. J. B. PETHERBRIDGE, M.D., DEMONSTRATOR OF ANATOMY. WILLIAM A. GARDINER, M.D., dean, No. 303 Arch Street, Philada. HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE. 177 and a Demonstrator of Anatomy. The gentlemen occupying these chairs are eloquent, successful, and eminently popular teachers, who were elected by the corporators solely for their experience and ability. They manifest an honourable and laud- able zeal in their determination to establish a reputation, which shall be second to none. The students of this College are admitted to all the advan- tages for Clinical instruction afforded by the managers of the various hospitals and dispensaries of the city, upon the same terms as those of the other schools. HOMffiOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE. HOMCEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. — Instituted 1846. — The Faculty of this establishment com- prises a Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics ; one of the Homoeopathic Institutes, and the Practice of Medicine; one of Botany, and Medical Jurisprudence; one of Clinical Medicine; one of Obstetrics, and the Diseases of Women and Children; one of Physiology and Pathology; one of Chemistry 178 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. FEMALE itteiitral College nf Pennsutoanta, LOCATED AT PHILADELPHIA. THIRD ANNUAL SESSION TO COMMENCE ON 15TH SEPT., 1852. FACULTY. N. R. MASELEY, M.D., PROFESSOR OP ANATOMY. ABRAHAM LIVEZEY, M.D., PROFESSOR OF PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. J. S. LONGSHORE, M.D., PROFESSOR OF OBSTETRICS AND DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. M. W. DICKINSON, M.D., PROFESSOR OF MATERIA MEDICA AND PHARMACY. DAVID J. JOHNSON, M.D., PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY. E. C. ROLFE, M.D., PROFESSOR OF SURGERY. WM. M. CORNELL, M.D. PROFESSOR OF PHYSIOLOGY. HANNAH E. LONGSHORE, M.D., DEMONSTRATOR OF ANATOMY. TERMS. Fees to each Professor, . . . $10 00 Matriculation Fee, 5 00 Graduation " .... 15 00 Demonstrator's " 5 00 The rules for Graduation are the same as in other Medical Colleges. N. R. MASELEY, M.D., Dean, No. 229 ARCH STREET. PHILADELPHIA. FEMALE MEDICAL COLLEGE. 179 and Toxicology ; one of Surgery ; one of Anatomy, and a De- monstrator of Anatomy. The College building, Filbert Street, between Eleventh and Twelfth, was constructed with a special view to the object to which it is now appropriated. The lecture-rooms are com- modious, and that part appropriated to dissection is admirably adapted to the purpose, being large, well-ventilated, and sup- plied with all the conveniences necessary for the comfort of those engaged in the study of Practical Anatomy. The museum contains ample materials for study, in wax models, anatomical preparations, morbid and healthy speci- mens, both dry and wet, and a large collection of anatomical, surgical, and obstetrical plates, of the size of life, a cabinet of minerals, specimens of the materia medica, and philosophical instruments, &c. A dispensary is connected with the College, at which, in ad- dition to the regular lectures, clinical instruction is given by the different professors. In this dispensary, an extensive range of disease is presented for study. A physician is in daily attendance, from whose examinations and prescriptions the student can have abundant opportunities of acquiring prac- tical information. We learn that the corporation have in view the establish- ment of an hospital, to be attached to this Institution, a charter for that purpose having been granted by the State. Energetic efforts are now being made for placing this charity in operation at an early day. The Female Medical College or Pennsylvania. — This new Institution was founded in 1849, principally through the exertions and influence of Wm. J. Mullen, Esq. It has the distinguished honour of being not only the first school of the kind in the United States, but in the world. The object of the Institution is to instruct respectable and 180 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. PIANO-FORTE WAREROOM, No. 25 South Sixth Street, (OVER LINDSAY AND BLAKISTON's BOOKSTORE.) GILBERT'S PIANOS, The subscriber respectfully calls the attention of strangers in the City, as well as the citizens, to his assortment of PIANOS OF THIS CELEBRATED MAKER, WITH OR WITHOUT THE jEOLIAN ATTACHMENTS. These Instruments are so well known, that they need no further recommendation than their LARGE SALE TO WARRANT THEM EQUAL TO ANY IN THE COUNTRY. Also, Piano-Fortes from all the celebrated Makers in the East, viz., A. W. LADD & CO., HALLETT, DAVIS & CO., NEWHALL, and others. The Assortment of Instruments on hand will always be such as no Customer will be obliged to go away without purchasing. Ladies and Gentlemen, desirous of renting Piano-Fortes, will please favour me with a call. WARREN HALE, No. 25 South Sixth Street* FEMALE MEDICAL COLLEGE. 181 intelligent females in the various branches of medical science, whose rights and privileges, upon receiving the degree of the Doctorate in this school, will not be inferior to those of the graduates of any other medical institution in this country or Europe. The popularity attending the first establishment of this college was such, that the Legislature of our State granted it % charter as broad and liberal as that of any in the Common- ivealth, upon the presentation of a bare petition. The school, so far, exceeds the most sanguine expectations its warmest friends. The number of students attending he present course of lectures is about forty, from all parts of he country. The course of instruction comprises six branches, nz. } Anatomy and Physiology, Principles and Practice of Medi- cine, Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children, Surgery ind the Institutes of Medicine, Materia Medica, Pharmacy, md Chemistry. The Museum is amply, and, considering its age, we should •ather say richly, supplied. It contains an extensive collection •f wet and dry preparations, illustrating every part of human Anatomy and Physiology; together with a large proportion of Trench models and wax preparations. We recommend our eaders to avail themselves of the opportunity to examine this Museum. It is open during the Sessions. The building, 229 Arch Street, occupied at present by the chool is well adapted for its purpose, being perfectly retired nd free from annoyance. It is proposed, when sufficient unds are obtained, to erect a more suitable building for the ccommodation of the College. We hope the effort will be suc- essful, for the rapidly increasing number of students will soon ender the present one entirely inadequate. The science of Obstetrics in this country is almost entirely fi the hands of male practitioners. Why should this be so ? 16 182 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL CLOTHING HOUSE. 3ktrarft k Cu. Have the most ex- tensive assortment of ready-made Clothing, of every description of New Goods, select- ed with great care, and made in the latest style of taste and fashion. This mammoth es- tablishment employs thousands of work- men, and can manu- facture any quantity of goods at the short- est notice. Every ex- ertion that capital can command, ingenuity devise, or skill ac- complish, is brought into exercise, to pro- duce not only the best Clothing, but to sell them at the lowest possible prices. LARGE SALES AND SMALL PROFITS Is the motto of this celebrated establishment. Their materials are all bought for Cash. No men in the world can buy them cheaper than the proprietors of Tower Hall. Merchants and Dealers in lleady-made Clothing will find it to their advantage to purchase ft! this extensive house, where they will find goods in any quantity, and every quality, suitable for every market in the United States. The Tower Hall Clothing Bazaar is situate at 182 Market Street, between Fifth and Sixth, (Exactly in the centre of the Square.) BENNETT & Co., Proprietors. COLLEGE OF PHARMACY. 183 From the earliest history of the art, prior to 1663, it was practised by females. History supplies abundant evidence on this point. About that date, the Duchess de Vallieres, a favourite mistress of Louis XIV. of France, made the first innovation, and the fortunate attendant was soon afterwards appointed to the novel yet lucrative office of Midwife to the Princess of France. Put woman in possession of all the knowledge upon the subject of Midwifery, and let her use it for the relief of her sex. If she could manage these matters so exclusively before the dawnings of science, how much more so now, with the light it has afforded ! If there is one appropriate sphere of more consequence than another within the scope of woman's luty, it is at the bedside of a suffering sister. Now, as for- merly, woman is most willing to enter, and most reluctant to leave, the abodes of suffering and sorrow. It has always been her office to administer to the necessities of the afflicted, and most nobly has she sustained it. Why then ought she not to e educated to preside over the duties of the lying-in chamber ? Eclectic Medical College of Pennsylvania, Haines »vest of Sixth Street. This new Institution was chartered in 1850. The lectures commence on the 27th of October, and continue until the end of February. The Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Zane above Seventh Street. This Institution was established in the year 1821, and incorporated in 1822, for the following purposes : ' to obviate a departure from the correct customs and estab- ished principles of the Drug and Apothecary business/' to lirect attention to the " qualities of articles brought into the Drug Market/' to secure the " discussion of subjects relating o the business, and communicate information beneficial and nteresting to the trade/' and to create a School of Pharmacy, 184 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. J. E. & B. SCHELL, CITY MARBLE WORKS AND COKNER OF TENTH AND VINE STREETS. Jggp 03 Monuments, Tomb, and Head Stones ; and Marble of every description, ready sawed, constantly on hand. HENRY COULTER WILLOW AND WOODEN WARE MANUFACTURER, AND DEALER IN FRENCH AND GERMAN ®rat)eUiug, irancg, anb Grmbroioereb Baskets, Toys, and Fancy Goods of all descriptions, N.W. corner of Third and Arch Streets. B. J. WILLIAMS, WINDOW BLIND MANUFACTURER; AND DEALER IN No. 12 North Sixth Street, Philadelphia. AWARDED THE HIGHEST PREMIUM AT THE NEW YORK, BALTIMORE, AND PHILADELPHIA EXHIBITIONS. A large assortment of Plain and Fancy Window Blinds and Shades always on hand, at the lowest cash prices. JS@^ Repairing and Jobbing promptly attended to. TRUST COMPANY. Money received on Deposit, in sums of Fifty Dollars and upwards, and interest allowed on the same— the whole or part payable on demand, after ten days' notice, or, if specially agreed upon, without notice, on demand, by the PENNSYLVANIA COMPANY FOR INSURANCES ON LIVES AND GRANTING ANNUITIES— Capital, $500,000— Office, No. 66 Walnut Street. This Company, the first Life Insurance Company chartered in the United State?, insure Lives at the usual rates, and every five years divide with the assured the profit of this part of the business. They also grant Annuities, immediate, deferred, or contingent, on single and joint lives, sell Endowments, purchase Life Interests, Reversionary Interests, Survivor- ships, and make contracts generally, that depend on the contingencies of life. They act as Assignees and Trustees for Minors or Heirs. DIRECTORS. HYMAN GRATZ, President. William Kirkham, H. J. Williams, S. F. Smith, C. Dutilh, J. K. Mitchell, M.D., Pemb. Hutchinson, R. M. Patterson, E. M. Lewis, S. A. Mercer, F. Hopkinson, J. R. Davis, J. J. Vanderkemp. WM. B. HILL, Actuary J. K. Mitchell, M.D., Medical Examiner. COLLEGE OF PHARMACY. 185 in which lectures should be delivered, " expressly fur the in- struction* of Druggists and Apothecaries." The influence of this College during the thirty years that have elapsed since that time, has been productive of a general elevation of the standard of knowledge and skill, as well as of professional ethics, among the Apothecaries in Philadel- phia; and by the influence of its well-conducted quarterly, "The American Journal of Pharmacy," and by the scattering of a large number of graduates throughout the Union, it has con- tributed toward a general and widespread improvement in the Pharmaceutic art. The Hall, located as above, was built in 1832. It is spacious and airy, possessing ample room for the lectures, apparatus, cabinet, and library, and for the purposes generally of the Institution. There are three professorships in the school, embracing the subjects of Materia Medica, Chemistry, and Pharmacy. The annual session commences and ends nearly simultaneously with those of the Medical Colleges. The lectures are deli- vered in the evenings at 7 and 8 o'clock. 186 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. STOKES AND BUZBY'S WHOLESALE AND RETAIL CLOTHING ESTABLISHMENT, No. 264 Market Street, (South side, first door below Eighth Street.) A well-selected Stock of Uncut Goods constantly on hand, for Customer Trade. AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. 137 CHAPTER VI. LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. " Knowledge hath left the hermit's ruined cell, The narrow convent, and the cloister's gloom ; "With world-embracing wings to soar and dwell Mid purer ether and sublimer room. The volleyed lightnings of her press consume The tyrant's strength, and strike the bigot blind; Day after day, its thunders sound the doom Of some old wrong, too hideous for the mind, Which reason hath illumed, which knowledge hath refined." It is always a source of gratification, to find men, whose iaily avocations are of the most bustling and industrial nature, Availing themselves of every leisure interval to cultivate and increase their means of intellectual enjoyment; and there can be no greater ornaments to a city, than those educational and Literary institutions, which, springing from and supported by :he people, are adapted to the public wants ; no matter whether :he buildings are of brick, costly marble, or " plain rooms/' heir objects consecrate and invest them with a host of pleasing md pure associations. In the very centre of our city, where the hurry of trade, md the anxiety of the law, are depicted on numbers of faces, it s alike pleasing to the visiter, and honourable to the citizen, o find five spacious buildings devoted to the diffusion of know- edge ; we allude to the American Philosophical Society, the Philadelphia Library, the Athenaeum, the Franklin Institute, ud the Mercantile Library. American Philosophical Society, Fifth below Chest- iut Street, east side. To the ever active and leading spirit of 188 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. EDWARD CLARKSON, AXD lillAf II f>U W # # No. 26 South Third Street, P)Uaud#a. Drawings made and Engravings done in the highest style of the Art. IGNATIUS LUTZ, (recently of chestnut street,) CABINET & UPHOLSTERY WAREROOMS, No. 75 South Eleventh, below Walnut Street. DRAWING-ROOM, PARLOUR, BOUDOIR, DINING-ROOM, AND CHAMBER FURNITURE, OF THE LATEST STYLE AND FASHION. I. Lutz would particularly call attention to his recent improvement in DRESSING-BUREAUS, One Lock and Key of which locks and unlocks all the Drawers at the same time. SPRING MATTRASSES, Of his own improvement. CURTAINS AND UPHOLSTERY WORE TO ORDER. ~m AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. 189 Benjamin Franklin, we owe the origin of the association which may be considered as the germ of the present American Philo- sophical Society. In his own memoir, he tells us that, in the autumn of 1727, himself and several of his ingenious acquaintances formed a club, "for mutual improvement." It was called "the Junto." The number of members was restricted to twelve, and in some respects their meetings were secret, to prevent the application of improper persons for admission. It appears that this " Junto" continued in existence nearly forty years, but as its members grew old, it doubtless lost much of its activity and spirit, and probably, long before its close, the meetings were held only for sociability. In a letter to Hugh Roberts, written in July, 1765, Dr. Franklin urges his attendance at the "Junto," and says, "We loved, and still love one another; we are grown gray together, and yet it is too early to part. Let us sit still, till the evening of life is spent. The last hours are always the most joyous. When we can stay no longer, it is time enough then to bid each other good night, separate, and go quietly to bed." This " Junto" seems to have been a mere conversational or debating society, similar to those immortalized by Addison and Johnson. Yet its members appear to have taken an active part in establishing various social reforms, and associa- tions for the promotion of useful knowledge, prominent among which is the one under notice. In May, 1743, Franklin drew up and issued a prospectus for the formation of such an association. It was entitled, " A Proposal for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge among the British Provinces of North America;" and may be consi- dered the true origin of the American Philosophical Society. The first members were all men of science. Their early efforts, however, were not successful, and for several years it existed 190 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. CITY ORNAMENTAL IRON WORKS, 121 NORTH TENTH STREET. Iron Railings, of new and unique designs, both plain and ornamental, put up in the best style, at the lowest prices. Verandahs, Arbours, Trellis-Work, Tree Boxes, Greyhounds, Hat Stands, Tables, Settees, Chairs, and all kinds of Ornamental and Architectural Iron Work, of the modern styles. Particular attention given to putting up Verandahs and enclosing Cemetery Lots. WM. P. MOOD, Tenth St. abo^e Race, Philada, WM. GOODRICH & CO., MERCANTILE AGENCY, No. 116 Market Street, SOUTH SIDE, BELOW FOURTH, Wlatielnfifa. Collections promptly attended to in any part of the United States, Canada, or Europe. [PHDIL^IEILIPtHM MOKIOMli Y. JOHN D. EG AN, PLAIN AND ORNAMENTAL BOOKBINDER, AND lldf 111 flfeiSl^ No. 3 Phoenix Block, CORNER OF SECOND AND DOCK STREETS. 25 per cent, saved, and sometimes more, to those patronising this Establishment. Large Illustrated Works, Books of Engravings, Scrap Books, Albums, Portfolios, and Music bound with great care and strength, in Plain and Elegant Styles. N. B. — Pamphlets and Periodicals done up with neatness and despatch, and cheaper than any other establishment in the city. AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. 191 )ut in name. In November, 1767, only six of their number •emained in Philadelphia ; but these few determined upon naking an effort for its revival ; and by the following J anuary ;hey succeeded in electing forty-eight others, many of whom ,vere distinguished for their talents, rank, and influence in the community. John Penn, the then Governor of the Province, jecame the patron of the Society. The Council chamber at ;he State House was granted for its meetings, and it had also :he use of the College room, and apparatus for experiments. From this time its proceedings were conducted with spirit. In the year 1750, there was another scientific association 3stablished under the name of "The Junto," in which subjects of Natural History, Philosophy, Morals, Science, &c, were jonsidered and discussed. In 1766, having increased its list of members, and adopted new rules for the admission of fo- reigners and non-residents as correspondents, the association abandoned the name of " Junto," and adopted that of the "American Society for Promoting and Propagating Useful Knowledge." These two learned bodies, whose organization was nearly similar, and whose pursuits and objects were alike, saw the importance of a union ; and in 1768, proposals to this effect were made by the American Society to the Philosophical Society. After considerable negotiation, the measure was effected, and the two societies united. Their first meeting was held January 2d, 1769. They were incorporated on the 15th of March, 1780, as the "American Philosophical Society, for Promoting Useful Knowledge," held at Philadelphia. The early transactions of this association contain much curious and interesting matter, among which we find a notice of the first steam-engine built in this city ; also that relative to the first boat ever navigated by steam. It is dated Sept. 27th, 1785, and reads thus : " The model, with a drawing and 192 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. SHERMAN'S STEAM POWER PRESS PRINTING ESTABLISHMENT, No. 19 St. James Street, (above market, between sixth and seventh streets,) J3l)ilabeipl)ia. BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, AND WOOD-CUT PRINTING, EXECUTED AT THIS OFFICE IN THE BEST STYLE. BRIEFS AND PAPER BOOKS ACCURATELY AND NEATLY DONE, WITH GREAT DESPATCH. Jg£g^ For Specimen of work, refer to this Book, and particularly to the Frontispiece. THE PHILADELPHIA LIBRARY. 193 lescription of a machine for working a boat against the stream, by means of a steam-engine, was laid before the Society by Mr. John Fitch." During the Revolutionary War, the meetings were in a yreat measure suspended. In 1779, they were, however, re- sumed, and have ever since been continued. The site of the present Hall was given to the Society by .he State, in 1785, the building erected in 1789, and occu- pied in 1790. It is a plain brick structure, remarkable only for its location and historical recollections. It consists of two stories and a basement, — the hall of the association occupying :he second story. In the year 1786, John Hyacinth De Magellan, of London, *ave to the Society two hundred guineas, to be vested as a permanent fund, the interest of which should be annually dis- posed of in premiums, to be adjudged to the best author of the best discovery, or the most useful invention relating to navi- gation, astronomy, or natural philosophy. The library contains about 20,000 volumes, in various lan- guages, many of which are rare and valuable. Few books are mrchased, except scientific periodicals; the accessions being mncipally by gift from learned societies and individuals. The Society also possesses an extensive cabinet of medals, coins, &c, ind a large collection of maps, charts, engravings, and manu- cripts. The meetings are held on the first and third Fridays )f every month, from October to May, and on the third Friday n each of the other four months, at 7 o'clock, p. M. The Hall s also open every Friday evening, when members meet for the >urpose of reading and social intercourse. On these occasions hey may introduce a friend or stranger. Charles B. Trego is he secretary and librarian. The Philadelphia Library Company, is one of the ldest and most extensive in this country. It was instituted 17 THE PHILADELPHIA LIBRARY. 195 n 173 1, principally through the influence of Dr. Franklin, md the members of "The Junto." The first importation of )Ooks was received from London in 1732, and the Library >pened in " Robert Grace's house," Jones's Alley. In 1740, he collection of books having largely increased, the library vas removed to the upper room of the west wing of the 3tate House, the use of which was granted to the Company by he Province. On the 13th of March, 1744, the Union Library Company of Philadelphia was united with the one under mtice ; and, in consequence of the additional number of books md members, the Library was opened three days in the week, md two librarians appointed. In 1771, two additional com- panies were annexed. In 1773, the books were removed to a nore spacious apartment, in Carpenters' Hall ; and in 1790, the Library Company took possession of their present building. The corner-stone of this edifice was laid on the 31st of Au- gust, 1789. 1 It is a plain, substantial-looking structure, si- :uated on Fifth below Chestnut Street. The building has a :ruly venerable appearance. The front entrance is surmounted by a well-executed statue, in marble, of Dr. Franklin. During its early history, this institution was largely en- riched by donations from its friends, among which are the choice collections of curious and rare books presented by Ro- bert Barclay, and the celebrated " Loganian Library — this [ast was a most valuable acquisition. It was the private li- brary of the Hon. James Logan, the confidential friend and 30unsellor of William Penn, and consists principally of works in the learned and modern languages of Europe. This rare collection is kept in a room appropriated for that purpose. When first annexed to the Philadelphia Library, it contained 3,953 volumes; large additions are made to it annually, and it is supposed to number at present over 10,000 well-selected works. 196 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. ffl'MAKIN'S MODEL AMERICAN COURIER, Office 141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, DEVOTED TO LITERATURE, SCIENCE, THE ARTS, THE DRAMA, MUSIC, MECHANICS, AGRICULTURE, EDUCATION, MORALS, HEALTH, AMUSEMENT, ETC. Now publishing, Original Nouvellettes of Mrs. Caroline Lee Hentz, Letters from " Kate Conyngham," Letters from London, New York, Boston, &c, &c. Original papers on "THE farm AND THE FIRESIDE," ORIGINAL NOTES OF By the Editor, &c, &c. The volume commences 1st of March, and the terms are One Copy American Courier and One Premium, $2 Three Copies Six Copies Ten Copies Fifteen Copies Twenty Copies One " 5 Two Premiums, 10 Two " 15 Two " 20 Three " 25 The Premiums are, SIZE. SURRENDER AT YORKTOWN, 24 by 34 inches. APOTHEOSIS OF WASHINGTON, 20 « 26 « NAGLE'S HENRY CLAY, 17 " 22 « M'DONOUGH'S VICTORY, 20 " 26 " UNITED STATES & MACEDONIAN, 20 « 26 " THE ATHENAEUM. 197 The Philadelphia and Loganian libraries contain, united, xbout 60,000 volumes. The income of the Institution is $6,300; $4,000 of which is annually appropriated to the pur- chase of additional works. The Library is open every week- iay, from 10 A. M., until sunset ; during which time, strangers Lave free admission. In examining this Library, you are impressed with a sense of its magnitude and importance. Look where you will, you see books in cases, on shelves, in boxes, — such heaps of books, that you are astonished at their apparently perplexing and un- countable variety. One can hardly realize the vastness of the labour that provided all these valuable records. L. P. Smith is the librarian. The Athenaeum, is beautifully situated on the southeast corner of Sixth and Adelphi Streets. This Institution owes its origin to that taste for literary pursuits, which has always, to a great extent, characterized our city. In the year 1813, a few young men, feeling the want of a convenient place of common resort, in which their leisure hours could be passed without danger to their morals or tastes, came together and arranged a plan for the establish- ment of reading rooms, or a place in which periodicals, works of all descriptions, books of immediate interest, of reference and information, maps and charts, could be read and consulted at all hours of the day and evening. The efforts of these young men were successful, for we find that on the 9 th of February, 1814, the Athenaeum was organized, and articles of association adopted. It was first opened to the public, in a room over the book store at the southeast corner of Chestnut and Fourth Streets. Subsequently, it occupied a portion of the American Philosophical Society's building, Fifth below Chestnut Street. 17* 198 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. PROSPECTUS FOB. 1852. THE SATURDAY EVENING POST. THE LEADING LITERARY WEEKLY OF THE UNION. The proprietors of THE POST think it unnecessary to dwell upon the distinguishing features of their well-known weekly, whose brilliant success during an existence of THIRTY YEARS, is a sure guarantee for the future. We may say, that we shall maintain for THE POST the character it has acquired of being a strictly moral paper, one that a parent may allow to go freely before his innocent sons and daughters. A careful guard shall also be kept, as heretofore, over our Advertising Columns, that nothing of an improper character may obtain admittance. THE POST also will contain every week Selected Articles of the choicest description, one or more Engravings, Humorous Articles, the Most Interesting News, Local News, Bank Note List, State of the Markets, the Stock Market, &c, &c. The terms of THE POST are Two Dollars if paid in advance, Three Dollars if not paid in advance. For Five Dollars in advance, one copy is sent three years. We continue the following low terms for Clubs, to be sent, in the city, to one address, and, in the country, to one post-office. 4 COPIES, - - - - - - - $5 00 PER ANNUM. 8 " (And one to Agent, or the getter up of the Club,) 10 00 " 13 " (And one to Agent, or the getter up of the Club,) 15 00 " 20 " (And one to Agent, or the getter up of the Club,) 20 00 " The money for Clubs must always be sent in advance. Subscrip- tions may be sent at our risk. When the sum is large, a draft should be procured if possible — the cost of which may be deducted from the amount. Address, always post-paid, DEACON & PETERSON, No. 66 South Third Street, Philadelphia. P.S. A copy of THE POST will be sent gratis, as a specimen, to any one requesting it. THE ATHENAEUM. 199 THE ATHEN2EUM. The corner-stone of the present edifice was laid on the 1st of November, 1845, and the building opened on the 18th of October, 1847. As viewed from Washington Square, the Athenaeum has a chaste and beautiful appearance. The whole structure is 125 feet on Adelphi Street, and 50 feet on Sixth Street, and is 58 feet high. It is of the Italian style of ar- chitecture, and is at once bold and imposing. The beautiful proportions of its parts, the fine details, and the massive crowning cornice, give it an air of stateliness and grandeur, most impressive as a piece of city architecture. The first story of the building is occupied at present by the Controllers of the Public Schools, as their meeting-room and offices, and the private office of Mr. Barclay, attorney. The second story is arranged for the use of the association, and is 200 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. ARTHUR'S HOME GAZETTE, FOR 18 52. THE HOME GAZETTE, through the Editor's untiring efforts to pro- duce a weekly family paper combining the highest degree of interest and instruction, with an entire FREEDOM FROM VULGARITY, LOW SLANG, PROFANITY, or anything that can corrupt or deprave the mind, has already gained a wide circulation, and won the fullest confidence of a virtuous and dis- criminating public. In announcing the Prospectus, for 1852, the publishers have little to say beyond what has already been said. They have given to T. S. ARTHUR, THE EDITOR, entire control of the paper. Not a line goes in without his super- vision ; and he is, therefore, responsible for all that appears therein. So that just the same confidence felt in him by the public, as a sound and safe moral teacher, may be felt in his " Home Gazette," whicli is emphatically A supporter of Religion and Virtue, and the Conservator of Good Morals and Social Well-being. In the original literary department, no magazine in the country is better sustained than the "Home Gazette." Besides a regular series of articles from many of the best writers in the country, Nearly all that the Editor writes will appear first in the ** Home Gazette." In order to keep the columns of our paper perfectly free from all that may injure either body or mind, all Medical Advertisements will be excluded; and also, all advertisements of bad books, or anything that can do harm. The Home Gazette is printed on white paper, with large clear TYPE. TERMS OF "ARTHUR'S HOME GAZETTE." One copy, per annum, . . . . $2 00 Three copies, " . . . 5 00 Six •«".'« . . . . 10 00 Ten " " . . . 15 00 Fourteen, " . . . . 20 00 Arthur's Home Gazette and Godey's Lady's Book, one year, FOUR DOLLARS. Where a club of six, ten, or fourteen copies are sent, an extra copy will be furnished to the postmaster or other person who makes up the club. Address, post paid, T. S. ARTHUR & Co., No. 107 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. 201 livided into a news-room, a library, and a chess-room. The lews-room fronts on Sixth Street, and a more delightful place o pass away an hour cannot be imagined. It is well supplied v T ith the principal journals, both of this and foreign countries, ^he library is a large and convenient room, fronting on Adel- >hi Street, neatly fitted up with book-cases. It contains over .2,000 volumes. The chess-room is an anteroom between the wo larger ones. In the third story, is the Hall of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania. — This society vas instituted for the purpose of collecting and preserving natters connected with the history of Pennsylvania. The ibrary contains 1,728 volumes, including 47 volumes of manu- cripts. Most of these books have been received during the ast five years, principally by donation. It is open on the ivenings of the second Monday of each month, and is accessi- ng to the members ; but only by courtesy to others. The books are divided into ten classes, viz., history, biogra- )hy, manuscripts, pamphlets, periodicals, voyages and travels, lewspapers, public documents of Pennsylvania, public docu- nents of the United States, and miscellaneous works. The Society have also a choice collection of coins, &c. The Academy of Natural Sciences, northwest corner >f Broad and George Streets. This noble Institution was bunded in January, 1812, and incorporated in 1817. The irst meeting was composed of but seven gentlemen, having or their object, the advancement of Natural Science in all its ranches. They resolved, at this primary meeting, to assemble veekly, for the purpose of conversing on scientific subjects, ,nd thus communicate to each other the results of their eading, observation, and reflection. At the second meeting, leld on the 17th of March, the following declaration was passed, ully setting forth the objects of the association : "We will con- ribute to the formation of a museum of natural history, a li- 202 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. CHEAPEST FAMILY NEWSPAPER IN THE WORLD ! THE DOLLAR NEWSPAPER, AFFORDED TO SINGLE SUBSCRIBERS AT ONLY ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR, The Dollar Newspaper is now in the ninth year of its existence, and is printed on a large imperial sheet. AS A FAMILY NEWSPAPER It has won wide fame, being devoted to all the interests of Trade and Business, to Light Literature, and to the various matters which con- tribute to the formation of a complete Family Fireside Companion. in which amusement and instruction predominate. Its Original Domestic Stories have acquired for it a wide popularity; and to maintain favour in this respect, arrangements have been effected with some of the ablest Story Writers in the country, both male and female. As a vehicle of the latest news, it possesses a worth not exceeded by any other paper of its character in the United States. FARMERS, ATTENTION! No other Family Newspaper gives so much attention to AGRIN I TURAL SUBJECTS, and no one, it is believed, publishes weekly » large an amount of original matter of interest to Farmers. THE MARKETS WHOLESALE AND RETAIL— PRICES OF CATTLE, OF PRODUCE, ETC., ETC, The important subjects which come under this head are minutely attended to, and more fully reported than in any other Weekly Familv Paper in the country. TERMS PER YEAR. 1 Copv, for one year. - - - - 81 34 Copies, for one year, - - 6 Copies, *" - 5 42 " " - - 81 13 " " ... io 50 " « ... ~ 3C< 20 u * - 15 75 " " - 6( 27 " " .... 20 150 « " - 1(K The money in every instance to accompany the order, and free oi postage, to be directed to the Publishers, Philadelphia. No subscrij tion received for a shorter period of time than one year. To insure the privileges extended in this offer to Clubs, the condi tions must be literally complied with, and, as regards the formatioi of the Clubs, the whole number must begin at the same time. POSTMASTERS AND SUBSCRIBERS. Every Postmaster in the country, whom our Subscribers may makt their Agent, may write and frank orders for the "Newspaper," oi sign, frank, and send orders for the " Newspaper," written by an other. ffc^* No subscriptions continued for a longer period than ortlerc and paid for. Address, post-paid, A. H. SIMMONS «fc CO., Publishers of the Dollar Newspaper. S. YV. corner Third and Chestnut Stteets, Philadelphia ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. 203 ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. brary of works on science, a chemical experimental laboratory, an experimental philosophical apparatus, and every other de- sirable appendage or convenience for the illustration and ad- vancement of knowledge, for the common benefit of all who may be admitted members of the Institution." Those early meetings were held at private residences. Subsequently they were enabled to obtain a room in North Second Street, and at i still later period, a building in Arch Street, which was occupied as the Hall of the Academy until they removed to the present building. When this new Hall was erected, it tfas well adapted to its purpose ; but, although only ten years igo it was considered large enough to accommodate the col- ections for half a century, it is now crowded to excess. The library contains a collection of over 126,000 volumes, 204 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. THE NORTH AMERICAN AND UNITED STATES GAZETTE, DEVOTED TO COMMERCIAL, MANUFACTURING, MARINE, MONE- TARY, AND GENERAL INTELLIGENCE, IS PUBLISHED DAILY AT EIGHT DOLLARS PER ANNUM, AT No. 66 SOUTH THIRD STREET, BY M'MICHAEL AND BIRD. This Paper, in all its departments and arrangements, is equal to any in the United States. Its Telegraphic Agencies, its Foreign and Domestic Correspondence, its Editorial and Reportorial force, arc unsurpassed. Every branch is under the supervision of competent and experienced persons, who apply themselves exclusively to its interest ; and the result is, a condensed, compact, yet comprehensive mass of information, of the highest value and importance to every man of business. From its immense circulation, and high character, both at home and abroad, it is a most desirable and remunerative advertising medium. W. V. M'KEAN, Principal Editor. WIEN FORNEY, Associate. PUBLISHED DAILY AT No. 78 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILADELPHIA. Or THREE DOLLARS payable at the end of each six months; or at FIVE DOLLARS per year, when paid at the time of subscribing, and punctually at the commencement of each year thereafter. THE TRI-WEEKLY PENNSYLVANIAN. Published every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, at spjbii&jeis jd) © Hakims "snsABio TWO COPIES FOR $5 IN ADVANCE. Is Published every Saturday AT ONE DOLLAR PER ANNUM, INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE. SIX COPIES FOR FIVE DOLLARS. ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. 205 ind nearly 500 maps, charts, &c, exclusive of periodicals, serials, ind pamphlets. The Library, occupying an apartment on the rround floor of the Hall, is about 45 feet by 28, and 14 feet ligh, with a gallery on all its sides. The books are arranged iccording to subjects. This Library is particularly rich in all lepartments of Natural History. In ornithology it is quite complete. In this department, at least, it is said to be the nost extensive in the United States, if not in the world. For these magnificent collections, the Academy is mainly ndebted to the munificence of three gentlemen, — Mr. Maclure, Dr. R. E. Griffiths, and Dr. T. B. Wilson. Mr. Maclure resented 5,233 volumes, embracing some of the most costly ,vorks of natural history, the fine arts, and antiquities. In it oo, are found Bonaparte's great work on Egypt, Pirenesi's [taly, and the splendid natural historical illustrations of Be- loute, Humboldt, Poli, and many others. The museum is divided into three cabinets, viz., Zoology, Botany, and Geology and Mineralogy. It is also said to be the 3est in the United States. The attention required by the zoological preparations, and he space necessary to their proper exhibition, are obstacles igainst which this Society has been inadequately provided ; lence we find the collection of quadrupeds comparatively tmall. The department of Comparative Anatomy embraces some lighly interesting subjects ; among which we may particularize he perfect skeleton of the Indian Rhinoceros, brought from he Himalaya Mountains, by Dr. Burrows. It also contains he late Dr. Morton's celebrated cabinet of crania, the most ixtensive in the world. In examining this collection, we were astonished at the mmense variety displayed. What a gathering ! Here, for aught ^e know, may be the "cranium" of some learned Theban or 18 206 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. £l)e Ipcnnsukmnia Inquirer, THE LARGEST DAILY PAPER IN THE STATE. Devoted to Politics, Literature, News, &c, TERMS. Daily — Payable half yearly in advance, - - - $8 00 Tri-Weekly — Payable yearly in advance, - - 5 00 The Inquirer contains forty columns of matter, printed with clear and distinct type, and on good white paper. It is a Journal suited to both the Counting-house and the Domestic Circle. While News, Politics, and Business matters take the lead in its columns, Literature, Science, and Art are not overlooked. New York, Washington, and Harrisburg Correspondents keep the readers advised on all important National and State affairs, while Foreign and Home Correspondents contribute constantly to its columns. Its Local Department is also attended to by an efficient corps of reporters. As a Family and Commercial paper, the Pennsylvania Inquirer stands foremost among the newspapers of the Union, the Publisher having spared neither labour nor expense to place it in the position it now occupies in public estimation. It has an extensive circulation, not only in Philadelphia, but throughout this and the neighbours States, thus rendering it one of the most valuable mediums of Ad- vertising for the Business community of Philadelphia and elsewhere. TERMS FOR ADVERTISING. Jg^^ Half Square, 1 time, 25 cents, 1 Souare, 1 time, - - $0 50 I 1 Square, 2 weeks, - - $3 25 1 " 2 times, - - 75 | 1 " 1 month, - 5 00 1 " 3 times, - - 1 00 1 " 2 months, - 8 00 1 " 1 week, - - 1 75 I 1 " 3 months, - 10 00 Ten Lines constitute a Square. JESPER HARDING-, Proprietor and Publisher, No. 57 South Third Street, Philadelphia. ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. 207 Babylonian ; who three thousand years ago delighted in the study of Natural Science ; and there ; perhaps that of a cour- tier, — " Once doomed to kneel At Pharaoh's throne, and anxious tremors feel ; And this, that of a priest, who often taught the crowd With words of eloquence, whilst listening votaries bowed ; Or perhaps, he, face to face, saw Moses, when his sacred rod Shook o'er the guilty land the plagues of God. This, may have been a sage; and this hollow skull Was peopled once with thoughts, with wit and wisdom full ; Yes! through these socket-holes, the curious eye Scanned the heavens' wide arch, and read the spangled sky. And this, alas! the remnant of some beauteous one, That once amid the halls of Memphis shone. Three thousand years ago ! Ah, years are swift and brief, Since this was, perhaps, the head of a lordly chief. Poor skulls! whilst gazing on you now, Ambition well may sigh, and Wisdom bow ; Though mute, you do not teach the less — A sermon read we in thy ghastliness!" Perhaps no one branch of natural science has been more assiduously cultivated by the members of this Academy than Ornithology. This collection is also said to be without a rival in Europe or America. It contains over 25,000 speci- mens, beautifully displayed in glass cases. The natural" tints of the feathers are preserved in all their freshness, and the character and natural expression of each individual are fully re- tained. We never saw finer specimens of the art of taxidermy, than those under notice. The collection of humming-birds is exceedingly brilliant; the eye in examining them is com- pletely dazzled by the kaleidoscope-like glitter of purple and gold, of crimson and blue. The collections of eggs, and of nests of birds, are also very extensive; so are those of fishes, reptiles, Crustacea, insects, &c. The Cabinet of Botany is particularly rich ; the Herbarium embracing over 30.000 specimens of plants, of which no less 208 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. D RE E R & HAYES, AND JEWELLERS, AND ASSAYER8 AND DEALERS IN GOLD AND SILVER BULLION, GOLDSMITHS' HALL, Library Street, Philadelphia. J8@^ CALIFORNIA GOLD BOUGHT. ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. 209 than 23,000 were bequeathed by the late Mr. L. D. Von Schweinitz. These were the acquisition of a single indi- vidual, during a period of forty years devoted to this favour- ite science. The Academy also possesses the valuable Herba- rium of Mr. T. Nuttall. This gentleman was for many years irdently engaged in botanical researches, in pursuit of which tie traversed the United States and territories, from the At- lantic to the Pacific, and from Maine to Mexico. The Geological series is also very complete. It comprises )ver seven thousand specimens, of which a large portion are ? ossil organic remains of animals and plants. The department of Mineralogy is likewise full. The principal portion of this collection was contributed by the late Mr. Maclure, an early friend and ardent supporter of the Institu- tion; indeed, to this gentleman's talent, generosity, and influ- ence the Academy owes, in a great measure, its permanence md prosperity. Geology was the engrossing study of his mind, md he pursued it with an enthusiasm and success to which :ime, toil, and distance, presented but temporary obstacles. He went forth, with his hammer in his hand and his wallet )n his shoulder, pursuing his researches often amid pathless tracts and dreary wastes, until he crossed and recrossed the illeghany Mountains no less than fifty times. Some of his id ventures were, in after years, the theme of amusing anecdote. When travelling in a remote district, the inhabitants seeing lim battering the rocks, supposed him to be a lunatic escaped ? rom confinement; and on one occasion, the inmates of a public louse, on his approach, took refuge indoors, and refused him idmittance, until convinced that he was really of sound mind. This Institution has added largely to the stock of science, md now enjoys a high and well-deserved reputation. The Hall is a very beautiful building. Visiters are admitted )n Tuesday and Friday afternoons. 18* 210 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. YERGER & ORD, PATENTEES AND MANUFACTURERS OF THE METALLIC SKELETON ARTIFICIAL LEG, ANKLE SUPPOF.TER, IMPROVED ANATOMICAL MACHINERY For the Treatment of Deformities. The Metallic Skeleton Limb is kgftj, neat, strong, and durable. It is con- structed of steel ribs, and rings, or bands, united together upon the principle cf a lattice bridge, or arch, one piece bracing and sustaining the other, rendering :t capable of bearing any required weight; the socket or receptacle of the stump being open below, allows a free circula- tion of air, keeping it always cool and healthy, thereby preventing ulceration, which is almost invariably the conse- quence when the stump is confined iu air-tight sockets. The motions of the knee and ankle joints approach so near to nature as to render it almost impossible to distinguish it from the natural limb; and it can le adapted to every form of amputation, and worn without the least difficulty. No stronger proof can be given of its superiority than the fact that it hu b * i examined and approved of by all of the eminent Surgeons and Physician? in Philadelphia and elsewhere, to whom we take pleasure in referring at all times. The Massachusetts Charitable Mecha- nics' Association, the American Institute. New York, and the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, have awarded Silver Medals to Yerger & Urd, for the Skeleton Leg and Deformity Apparatus constructed by them. The public are cautioned against a certain party who is endeavouring in vain to bolster up his shackling 6 by circulating a petty species of s'andtr, which has been justly refuted by an overwhelming patronage from those he expected to win by pursuing a course too far beneath the character of a man for us to notice in detail. Every information in reference to the Metallic Leg, Ankle Supporter, and Instru- ments for Deformity, will be given on application, personally or by letter (post paid to No. 7 Phoenix Block, Southwest corner of Second and Dock Streets, Philadelphia. GEORGE W. YERGER, JOHN F. ORD, Proprietors. THE MERCANTILE LIBRARY. 211 THE MERCANTILE LIBRARY. The Mercantile Library is situated on the southeast corner of Fifth and Library Streets. This Institution was bounded for the benefit of the young men employed in the va- -ious mercantile establishments in the city. It was opened in temporary rooms, on the 19th of January, 1821, in the second ;tory of No. 100 Chestnut Street. The present new and really ilegant building, was erected in 1844—45, at a cost of $23,199 42, including furniture, &c. This building is unsur- passed for convenience of arrangement, and adaptation to the mrpose for which it was designed, and it is justly deemed one )f the chief ornaments of the city. The Library contains up- wards of 10,000 volumes of well-selected books. The reading- •ooms are always well attended, and the books have an un- casing circulation. To all who may have made use of it, the ' Mercantile" has been a rich treasure, a pure and constant source of pleasure and improvement. In its list of members 212 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. p e t s 13 ©□ b ® w a b ©9 MANUFACTURER OF BONNETS AND STRAW XX ATS, No. 33 North Fourth Street, four doors above Arch. WILLIAM B. EDWARDS, No. Ill Chestnut Street, (up stairs,) Jtyilabclpljia. JAMES H. BRYSON'S No. 2 North Sixth Street, Philadelphia. IN A CHEAP AND SUPERIOR STYLE. Cards, Circulars, and every description of Letter-press Printing. Labels, Bill Heads, Bank Checks, Notices, Blanks, Auction and Library Catalogues, Constitutions, Pamphlets, and Books, at the cheapest rates. MARCUS A. ROOT'S DAGUERREOTYPE CRAYON, <2Dr bignette portraits anb ittiniatures. AN IMPORTANT IMPROVEMENT— PROCESS PATENTED. Strangers and Citizens are invited to call and examine this new and niuch-aduii: <; style of "Sun Painting," pronounced "Perfection." Root's Galleries, 140 Chestnut St., third door below Fifth* Jggg r ° CHARGES REASONABLE, N. B. Mr. R. attends personally to his Sitters, and will strive to make every effort perfectly satisfactory. GOLD MEDAL JUST AWARDED TO M. A. & S. ROOT, BY THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE, OF NEW YORK, FOR THE BEST DAGUERREOTYPES, Of all sizes, ever exhibited in this country, making Ten First Premium Gold and Silver Medals, awarded at the Great Fairs in Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, for Pictures made at Root's Galleries. N. B. — Daguerreotypes, Paintings, Drawings, &c, copied. Out door Views and Miniatures of Deceased Persons taken at the shortest notice. THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE. 213 aiay be found a large proportion of our most honoured mer- ehants, who best enjoy and use the fruits of their industry. The Franklin Institute, is a valuable association, or- ganized, as stated in its constitution, " For the promotion and encouragement of Manufactures and the Mechanic and Use- ful Arts, by the establishment of popular lectures on the sciences connected with them ; by the formation of a library, •eading-room, and a cabinet of models and minerals ; by offer- ng premiums on all subjects deemed worthy of encourage- nent ; by examining all new inventions submitted to them ; md by such other means as they may judge expedient." This Institution was incorporated on the 30th of March, 1824. The members are manufacturers, mechanics, artisans, and persons friendly to the mechanic arts. The Hall of the Insti- tute, located on Seventh, above Chestnut Street, is a plain and substantial edifice, having a spacious lecture-room on the first story, in which, during the winter season, lectures are deli- vered on mechanics, chemistry, and other sciences, to large md intelligent audiences. The reading-room, library, and :abinets of models and minerals, are in the second story. The ibrary, though not large, is valuable ; it contains about 6,000 volumes, principally mechanical and scientific works. The •eading-room is well attended, and liberally supplied with >eriodicals and newspapers. In October, of each year, this .nstitution has an extensive exhibition of American manufac- ures. The extent and interest of these exhibitions cannot be lescribed, or their importance to the industry and skill of iur mechanics over-estimated. The exhibition is always an •bject of attraction, alike to citizens and strangers. It is ge- icrally held in the spacious saloons of the Museum Building, orner of Ninth and George Streets. The Journal of the Franklin Institute, published by this Association, is the oldest extant mechanical periodical pub- 214 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. AU PARIS IE N. SILVER MEDALS AWARDED! PREMIUM SP RING M ATTRASS, E. FOLIOT, SPRING MATTRASS & CABINET- WARE IfflANilDPAQ^.UBmiRj No. 59 South Fourth, Second door below Walnut Street. Bedsteads, Bureaus, Sofas, Chairs, and Arm- chairs, Carpets, &c. CURTAINS, DRAPERIES, L AMBROQUINS M. WALKER & SONS, CORNER OF SIXTH AND MARKET STREETS, PATENT WIRE SACKING BEDSTEADS, OF WROUGHT IRON. THE SACKING OF SPRING WIRE BEING EASILY TAKEN APART, The whole may he packed in a very small space* FOLDING BEDSTEADS, WHICH MAY BE CARRIED UNDER THE ARM. Wire Cradles, Wrought Iron Chairs, Sofas, Flower-Trainers. Wii Fenders, Sieves, and every variety of Iron, Copper, and Brass Wii Cloth. Circulars and explanations on request by mail, or at the Store. LIBRARY OF THE LAW ASSOCIATION. 215 ished in America. The deservedly high reputation, both at lome and abroad, which the Journal has acquired and sus- ains, has given it an exchange list and a circulation of the jest character. It contains notices of all the patents issued n the United States, together with a vast amount of informa- ion on Mechanics, Chemistry, Civil Engineering, &c, &c. Library of the Law Association of Philadelphia. — n the year 1802, a few gentlemen of the bar associated theni- .elves for the purpose of obtaining a Law Library. They ucceeded by degrees in forming a collection, which, with the iraited number of law books then extant, was all that was ranted. With the increasing number of reports in modern imes, the library, as originally organized, fell very far be- lind the professional requirements of the day; and in Septem- jer, 1841, an effort was made to enlarge the collection, and to >lace it upon such a basis as should make it worthy of the bar o which it belonged. Between the 15th of October, 1841, ,nd the 1st of March, 1850, there has been expended by the Society, in the purchase of new books, the sum of $9,583 72, xclusive of $865 87, paid for binding, &c. The collection, we are informed, is now complete in all those epartinents usually required in the practice of law. There xists in it, a series of all the English, Irish, and American eports, — a department in which, we believe, no other library, ither in Great Britain or the United States, is equally •erfect. The department of text-books is also good ; and, in ddition to complete collections of the British statutes at large, nd of the acts, both of our state and federal legislature, in aeir authoritative, unabridged condition, there will be found pon the shelves of this Library such digests and works of eneral jurisprudence as have obtained with the profession ny title to authority. As a means of professional culture, nd of extending among the bar a knowledge of the judicial 216 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. LOUIS SCHERER PIANO-FORTE MANUFACTURER, No. 53 South Fifth Street, below Walnut, Philadelphia. E N SCHERR PIANO-FORTE MANUFACTURER, No. 266 Chestnut Street, near Tenth. pijilaiielpl)ia. J. S. EARLE'S GALLERY OF PAINTINGS, OF HIS OWN IMPORTATION FROM EUROPE, XnDkiiig-dtoa fttiu prtttr* fxnm MANUFACTORY, NO. 216 CHESTNUT STREET, OPPOSITE GIRARD HOUSE, PHILADELPHIA. Regilding, Removing, Hanging and Packing attended to ; al Restoring of Paintings. ORNAMENTAL STAINED GLASS"." CATTELL <&, CRAIG, NO. 21 NORTH SEVENTH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, MANUFACTURERS OF IF AH© "ST S^AHHISBD A HID) IPILAHH TTHH^M (£1LASS S ALSO LEAD SASH FOR CHURCHES, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE BUILDINGS, STEAMBOATS, ETC HOUSE AND SIGN PAINTING IN ALL THEIR BRANCHES, NEATLY EXECUTED. ggp* Orders received for any part of the United States. WALTER CRESSON, 29 Commerce Street, above Fifth, MANUFACTURER OF MILL, CECSS-CTTT, AND PIT SAWS, CIRCULAR SAWS, PLASTERING TROWELS, VENEERING " BRICK TROWELS, COOPERS' " CARPENTERS' SQUARES. WOOD " HAY KNIVES, CASE KNIVE! BUTCHERS' BOW, STRAW KNIVES, ETC., At lowest prices. COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 217 lecisions of England, and of the United States, this Library iffords all that is as yet practicable, and much of all that can it any time be desired. The Library occupies a room in the second story of the old Congress Hall, or County Court-house, Sixth and Chestnut Streets. It is open daily, from 10 A. M. to 3 p. m., and from l£ o'clock until sunset. The College of Physicians, was chartered on the 26th )f March, 1789. Its objects are, "to advance the science of medicine, and thereby to lessen human misery, by investi- gating the diseases and remedies which are peculiar to this ;ountry; by observing the effect of different seasons, climates, md situations, upon the human body; by recording the jhanges which are produced in diseases by the progress of igriculture, arts, population, and manners ; by searching for medicines in the American woods, waters, and in the bowels )f the earth; by enlarging the avenues to knowledge from the iiscoveries and publications of foreign countries ; and by cul- tivating order and uniformity in the practice of physic." The College consists of Fellows and Associates. The Fel- ows must be practitioners of medicine, residing in the city or he incorporated districts of Philadelphia, and must be over wenty-four years of age. The Associates are distinguished Dractitioners residing without the above limits. No person vho gives his support to any system of practice which is sus- tained by efforts to weaken or diminish public confidence in he science of medicine, or in the medical profession, or who, )y advertisement, announces himself as possessing superior [ualifications in the treatment of diseases, or of a particular lisease, or who holds a patent, or part of a patent, for a surgical nstrument, or gives a prescription to any apothecary, which ie refuses to give to other apothecaries, or who deals in secret nedicines, or publicly recommends them, can be elected either 19 218 r II I L A D E l r n I A AS it is. James S. Mason & Co., having removed to their large and com- modious new Granite Building, No. ICS North Front Street, are now prepared, by the aid of Steam Power, and new and improved ma- chinery, to keep pace with the increased demand for their unrivalled manufactures, which are warranted of superior quality, and at the lowest prices. Orders for exportation or home consumption promptly executed bj JAMES S. MASON & CO., No. 10S North Front Street. LIBRARIES. 219 i Fellow or an Associate of this College. Should any member, ifter his election, be so engaged, he immediately forfeits his •ights as such. i The Association publishes a summary of its transactions ;very three months. These transactions embrace all written ;ommunications presented to the College which the publishing jommittee may select, a statement of all the facts relating to ;he science of medicine, surgery, or obstetrics, communicated verbally to the College by its Fellows, and an abstract of all liscussions upon subjects of general interest which take place it the meetings of the Society. This periodical is one of the most valuable medical works of the day. The Library of the German Society, contains a col- lection of about 8,000 volumes, of both English and German svorks. The Hall is in Seventh below Market Street. The Library of the University of Pennsylvania, is located in the University Buildings, Ninth below Market Street. This Library originated by private donations from the friends of the Institution ; among whom the Rev. Wil- liam Smith, the first Provost of the College and Academy, nid Dr. McDowell, one of his successors, deserve to be parti- 3ularly remembered. During the war of Independence, the Library was enriched by a donation of books from Louis XVI. Df France. These books were printed at the royal printing Dffice, and consist principally of works on mathematics and on aatural history, among which is a collection of M. Buffon's, together with some Byzantine historians. They are carefully preserved, and will, it is hoped, long remain a memorial of the generosity of that unfortunate monarch. The Library at pre- sent, contains about 5,000 volumes. The Library of the Pennsylvania Hospital. — The Srst medical work possessed by this Institution, was Louis's " History of Materia Medica," presented in 1762. It was 220 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. J. W. M'CURDY & SON, WTO. Ill CHESTNUT STREET, WHOLESALE MANUFACTURERS OF WHOLESALE 4 RETAIL CARPETING S, WINDOW -SHADES, DOOR-MATS, ETC,, No. 223 North Second Street, above Wood. PETER SCHULER, H«I d F«TI MAKER, TUNER AND REPAIRER, No. 146 Walnut Street, above Fifth, PHILADELPHIA. f$g$ x ' Guitars, Violins, &c, carefully put in order. LIBRARIES. 221 ubsequently determined to demand a fee from students attend- ng the wards, and to appropriate the funds so obtained to the ounding of a Medical Library. The first catalogue published, which was in 1790, contained !l folios, 79 quartos, 341 octavos, and 89 duodecimos, a total .f 528 volumes. The increasing number of students from hat time, has afforded a fund for the steady increase of the ibrary. For several years the books were selected and pur- hased by the celebrated Lettsom, who enriched the collection rith many valuable donations. In the year 1800, Sarah jane presented 142 volumes of medical books, some of which re of great rarity ; and on the decease of Dr. B. S. Barton, lis extensive and choice collection of works on natural history, ras obtained by purchase from his widow. At present, the ibrary contains over 10,000 volumes, occupying a large and legant room in the Hospital. The works are mostly medical, ,nd those pertaining to kindred sciences. In these depart- aents it is, probably, the most extensive in the country. The Apprentices' Library, southwest corner of Arch nd Fifth Streets. Among the many organizations for the iffusion of knowledge in this city, not among the least is this xcellent institution. The Apprentices' Library was founded, »y voluntary contributions from our benevolent citizens, in 819. It now contains over 12,000 volumes of well-selected >ooks, embracing generally the most approved and standard , T orks. The usefulness of this institution can only be esti- mated by seeing the number of young persons who seek its reasures; upwards of 1200 boys and 600 girls now partake of is benefits. The Friends' Library, Race Street below Fifth. This nstitution loans books to any person, no matter what their reed, nation, or colour may be, on producing a certificate of haracter from some one of the Society of Friends. This, and 19* 222 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. M 1 A L LISTER & CO., J\o. 48 Chestnut Street, PHILADELPHIA, Have for sale a large assortment of Gold, Silver, and Light-Blued Steel Spectacles. Horn, Tortoise Shell, Blued Steel, Gold, and Gold- Plated Hand or Nose Spectacles and Eye-Glasses. Cases of Drawing Instruments of Brass, from 50 cents to $30 each. " " " of German Silver, from $2 to $40 each. Separate Instruments, as Finely Divided Ivory Scales and Protractors, Fine Dividers, Drawing Pens, &c. , &c. Compound Microscopes, of a Power of 15 to 60 diameters, $1 50 to $10. Achromatic Microscopes for Medical Examinations, $16 to $200. Objects for the Microscope, parts of Insects, Wood, Guano, kit., 20 cents to 50 cents each. Anatomical Objects for the Microscope, (Injected,) 75 cents each. Eye-Pieces and Object-Glasses for Microscopes, for sale separately. Spy-Glasses of a really useful kind, $2 75 to $8 50 each. " for Ship's use, $5 to $15. Astronomical Telescopes, $30 to $275. Self-Registering Thermometers, to show the greatest degree of heat or cold in any time, (say during the night,) $2 to $2 50. Handsome Thermometers for Parlours, $2 to $10 each. Usual Tin Case Thermometers, 62 cents to $1 25 each. Hygrometers (Mason's,) to show the dampness of the weather, $3. Aneroid Barometers, $15 25 and $18. These can be transported with safety ; — the usual kind cannot. Magic Lanterns, $12 to $23. " " to Dissolve, $41 to $51. " " with Gas Light, $120 to $140. These dissolve and give a strong clear light. The above prices are for the Lanterns only. The Paintings are extra, and vary in price according to size and quality. Fine Single Views of Jerusalem, Bethlehem, &c, for the Gas Lan- tern, $4 50 each. A Set of Scripture Painting, usual size, 39 views, §30. A Set of Astronomical Sliders, $16. Comic Sliders, $1 25 to $3 each. Finely executed Views of the Holy Land, Egypt, &c, $3 to $6 each. Magnifying Glasses, Camera Lucidas, Landscape Mirrors, Hour Glasses, Pentagraphs, Magnets, Tape Measure, Linen or Metallic, or to wind up with a spring, Polarizing Apparatus, Print Machines, &c, &c. We have Catalogues giving a more definite list of the Microscopes and Magic Lanterns. 224 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. LINDSAY & BLAKISTON PUBLISH WYTHES' MICROSCOPIST'S MANUAL, Or, A Complete Manual for the Use of the Microscope. BY J. H. WYTHES, M.D. With Numerous Illustrations. Price $1. This is the only microscopic manual published. It has been very carefully prepared, Dr. W. having paid much attention to the subject for many years. It is freely illustrated, and will be found useful to the student, and curious and interesting to the general reader. WILLIAM B. GIHON, Diana Dim AND N.W. Comer of Third and Walnut Streets. VAN LOAN DAGUERREAN GALLERY, NO. 159 CHESTNUT STREET, (NEARLY opposite the custom house.) The Daguerreotypes made at this Establishment rank among the VERY FINEST PRODUCTIONS OF THE ART. Every picture : s GUARANTIED TO GIVE SATISFACTION. FAMILY GROUPS, and large plate pictures, as well as the smaller ones, are sold at about HALF THE USUAL PRICE of other first class pictures. Fine Lockets, Fancy Cases and Frames, always on hand at greatly reduced prices. AARON J. SANSON, NO. 267 CHESTNUT STREET, [Front of Girard Hotel,) MANUFACTURER OF THE IMPROVED STYLE ELASTIC STEEL-SPRING WHALEBONE-RIB SOLID SOLE LEATHER AND SOLID RIVETTED TRAVELLING TRUNKS. CARPET-BAGS, VALISES, &c, &o. SPRING GARDEN INSTITUTE. 225 he Apprentices' Library, are the only institutions of this kind q our city. This ought not to be. Free libraries are of the lighest importance in a community like that of Philadelphia, or they would give to the poor, to a great extent, the master- ly of self-education. It is useless to say that books are heap; cheap though they be, they are dear to those whose oil scarcely suffices to procure their daily living. The founders nd supporters of the above-mentioned institutions, are en- itled to all praise. We hope that ere long others will " Go nd do likewise." Since writing the above, we have the pleasure of noticing nother shrine to Knowledge. Spring Garden is moving in he good cause. The citizens of that nourishing district have stablished The Spring Garden Institute. — Here, in truth, will be free reading-room and library, of the most approved kind, 'he spirit with which this enterprise has been undertaken is dmirable. Its friends are earnest, truth-seeking men, who ot only talk, but labour. Can their efforts be otherwise than iicccssful ? This new structure — of which our illustration is a correct nd beautiful view — will be an ornament to its vicinity, Broad ad Spring Garden Streets. In addition to the above Libraries and Associations, there re numerous minor institutions and clubs, &c, many of which ave a choice collection of books for the use of their own mem- ers. Nor should we overlook the Southwark Library ompany, in Second below German Street, the Northern iberties Franklin Library Company, in Second near ammany Street, the Jefferson Library and Literary -SSOCIation, corner of Brown and Second Streets, and the ree Reading-Room Association, of Spring Garden. 226 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. mmm sipmbq mvvmssim, OF THE MOST APPROVED KIND, FAVOURABLY KNOWN AS J. V. M'ELWEE'S PATENT, Are now manufactured and for sale at the Old Established Bedding and Feather Store, "Where may also be found a good assortment of CARPETINGS, # § & f| # ip §§ MATTINGS, ETC., ALL AT THE LOWEST CASH PRICES. HARTLEY & KNIGHT, 148 South Second Street, above Spruce, Philada. N. B. — H. & K., having purchased of J. V. M'Elwee the paten right for the Spring Mattrass of his invention, intend having then manufactured in such a manner as to merit the high reputation the; have hitherto deservedly acquired. SCHOOL OF DESIGN FOR WOMEN. 227 SPRING GARDEN INSTITUTE. We learn, also, that the' Commissioners of Kensington have ppropriated a lot of ground as a site for the erection of a [all, to be designated The Kensington Institute. The stablishment of this praiseworthy enterprise is yet in its in- mey. TV T e hope that the example of Spring Garden will urge a the good work, not only in Kensington, but in all our dis- •icts. Such institutions will go far to refine and elevate the laracter of our young men ; there cannot be too many of lem. School of Design for Women. — This valuable Institution as established in the year 1850, under the patronage of the ranklin Institute. Its object is to open, for educated women, her avenues of productive industry than are now within their ach, by means of which they may find suitable and more •ofitable employments, and to aid the manufacturing interests 228 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. The Largest Printing Establishment in the City. T. K. & P. G. COLLINS, STEAM POWER PRESS PRINTING OFFICE No. 1 Lodge Alley, (between market and chestnut, and seventh and eighth streets,) BOOK, PAMPHLET, AND JOB PRINTING, In all their various branches, executed with neatness and despatch BRIEFS AND PAPER BOOKS, Parchment Deeds and Attorneys' Blanks, &c., &c., Printed with facility, neatness, and correctness. WOOD-CUT PRINTING, In Black, or Tinted Colours, done in superior style. N.B. Orders from all parts of the United States punctually attended to. THE FINE ARTS. 229 y cultivating the Arts of Design in connexion with the in- ustrial arts. Young women, whose minds are sufficiently cultivated to liter upon a course of instruction, may freely come forward nd enjoy the advantages of this school. The charges are xtremely moderate, considering the benefits to be derived. The School of Design will mark, it is hoped, a new era in ur manufactures. In Europe, signal advantages have been erived for the arts, from a close alliance between the useful nd the ornamental. The silk and porcelain of France, the •on and glass of Germany, are instances of the manner in hich articles of use and luxury can acquire increased attrac- ion and value from tasteful decoration or elegant form. The are with which, in those countries, the Arts of Design have )ng been fostered, has secured a market for their fabrics, in ertain branches of industry, which until recently was without rival. The importance of this subject to our manufacturers, cannot e over-estimated ; for, unless as Americans, we can compete 1 matters of taste with European artists, we must for ever e subject to the mortification of following where we should sad. Then, gentlemen, look to it ! Avail yourselves of the nmense advantages to your interests here offered, by thus ringing the Arts of Design within your reach, while at the ime time you may enjoy the privilege of cherishing a class of our countrywomen every way entitled to the highest respect ad regard. The School is located at No. 70 Walnut Street. THE FINE ARTS. Philadelphia has the proud distinction of having among her any useful public institutions, four incorporated associations 2voted to the Fine Arts. 20 230 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. JOHN NEAGLE, © m. T m & K <® IP^Slf Il 3 No. 9 Sansom Street, above Seventh. J. R. LAMBDIN, PORTRAIT FAINTER, No. 248 Chestnut Street, above Ninth, Philadelphia. SAMUEL SLOAN, ARCHITECT, (Author of "The Model Architect,") Office 146 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. J. V. BECK'S Sagttcrnotnpcs anb Pagturrcotope dragons, 246 Jorth Seco nd Street. crap & McCarthy, NO. 96 SOUTH THIRD STREET, BELOW WALNUT. Professional and Visiting Cards, Music Titles, Seals, Stencils, Silver-ware, Jewelry, &c, Neatly Engraved. ACADEMY OF THE FINE A II T S. 231 The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, lo- oted in Chestnut Street, between Tenth and Eleventh Streets, i the oldest and perhaps the most important institution of the ind in the United States. It was organized in 1807, by joint stock subscription, the lares in the corporation being then fixed at fifty dollars each, ibject to an annual contribution of two dollars, entitling each "ockholder to free admission at all times, within the hours ppoiuted for public exhibition. The shares are now fixed at airty dollars each, which includes a commutation of all nnual dues. The stockholders become joint owners in the roperty of the Institution, the estimated value of which has een recently ascertained to amount to $34,955. Among the works of art which belong to the Academy are he following rare and important sculptures. Hero and jEANDER, a group in marble, by Steinhauser. Bacchantes, pair in marble, by Cerrachi. Son of Niobe, in marble, rom the antique. Commodus, a bust, in marble, from the ntique. Diana, in marble, by Steinhauser. Antinous, in larble, from the antique. Venus de Medici, in marble, by 'anova. The Gate of the Baptistery of St. John, at lorence, a cast from the original, by Lorenzo Grhiberti ; and mrble busts of Washington, Franklin, Lafayette, [amilton, Allston, Clay, Napoleon, Biddle, and Sir Jenjamin West. The paintings comprise the most valuable collection in this Duntry, among which are the following chef-d'oeuvres. Washington, a full length, by Gilbert Stuart; Lafayette, full length, by Thomas Sully ; Jackson, a full length by 'homas Sully ; Patrick Lyon, a full length, by John Neagle, >eath on the Pale Horse, by Sir Benjamin West; Dead Ian Restored, by Washington Allston; and numerous niag- ificent pictures by the " old masters." 232 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. WILLIAM H. MAURICE, 108 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA, (BETWEEN TniRD AND FOURTH STREETS, SOUTH SIDE,) Offers for sale, at moderate prices, a variety of Imported and Domestic Staple and Fancy PAPER, STATIONERY, BLANK BOOKS, CHECKS, NOTES, DRAFTS, BILLS OF EXCHANGE, BILLS OF LADING, AND COMMERCIAL BLANKS. COPYING PRESSES AND BOOKS, Warranted to give satisfaction. ACCOUNT BOOKS,. Of every description, constantly on hand, and made to order. (Solb J)ens, <&o\b arib Qitoer pencil (Eases, Brown's, Henry's, Stephens', Benedict's, Deacon's, Eaton's, and of other manufacturers. STEEL PENS. Perry's, Gillott's, Moseley's, &c. RODGERS' AND OTHER MAKERS' FINE CUTLERY. Orders for ENGRAVING of all kinds executed promptly. 2 S3 52 So English, French, German, and American, of all colours and the best qualities. STEPHENS' SUPERIOR INKS, Genuine, at Wholesale and Retail. Neatly executed, from Steel or Copper Plates, and in Lithography, Xylography, or Letterpress. J^ 1 - ORDERS RESPECTFULLY SOLICITED. ART UNION — GRAPHIC ASSOCIATION. 233 The annual exhibitions commence in May. Admission, twenty-five cents, or fifty cents for a season ticket. The present officers are, Joseph R. Ingersoll, President ; Hyman G-ratz, Treasurer; John T. Lewis, Secretary, and Eliza Suss, Janitress. The Art Union of Philadelphia, located in Chestnut Street between Eighth and Ninth Streets, is an institution of considerable importance, affording, as it does by its free gallery, a place of public resort for strangers, and citizens, at all seasons. The plan upon which it is managed differs entirely from all other Art Unions in the United States. The yearly payment of five dollars entitles each subscriber to membership, which includes the right of voting, the ownership of the annual en- gravings, and a chance in the allotment of prize certificates, with which works of American Art may be purchased in any part of the country. The distribution of the prizes takes place annually on the evening of the last week-day of the year. The gallery is opened to the free admission of the public every day, Sundays excepted, and is brilliantly illuminated in the evenings. The use of this gallery is made free to all Artists for the exhibition and sale of their productions. Although the gallery is capable of containing more than one hundred and fifty paintings at one time, it is yet estimated to exhibit over one thousand different original pictures in the course of every year — the wall being re-hung once in every month. The present officers are, Henry C. Carey, President ; Ed- ward P. Mitchell, Treasurer ; George W. Dewey, Corre- sponding Secretary j Edward F. Dennison, Actuary. The Graphic Association of Philadelphia, is an in- corporated company of artists, associated for the purpose of studying from Nature, and from Life. They meet every Sa- 20* 234 P II I L A D E L r II T A AS IT I S. W. P. & G. W. HACKER, IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN CHINA, GLASS, QUEENSWARE, AND NO. 60 NORTH SECOND STREET, PHILADELPHIA. Qucenswarc and Class, in the Original Package, or repacked to order THE PRESS. 235 urday afternoon, in the summer season at the houses or stu- ios of each member, in rotation, and devote the afternoon to ketching at some spot in the vicinity of the city, which is esignated by the member whose day it may be. In the rinter season, they meet on Saturday evenings, and make ra wings from subjects selected by the members in the same nanner as before described. The present officers are, Samuel B. Waugh, President; saac H. Moore, Secretary; A. Woodside, Treasurer. The Artists' Fund Society of Philadelphia. — This ssociation is composed of all the artists resident in this city, ts object is the accumulation and establishment of a perma- lent fund for the support of a Life School, Antique Class, md other adjuncts necessary to the cultivation and improve- nent of a proper knowledge of the whole range of the Fine Vrts. The present officers are S. B. Waugh, President; Wm. 3. Winner, Vice-President ; J ohn Sartain, Corresponding secretary ; Samuel Sartain, Kecording Secretary ; G. W. ]ONARROE, Treasurer. THE PRESS. The achievements of the last fifty years have been such that 10 local or temporary interest can satisfy the mind ; every - hing is conducted on a grand scale. The extension of educa- ion, the progress of science, the facilities of communication md intercourse between nations, and, above all, the freedom )f the Press, and its consequent wide and rapid circulation of lews, have served to produce this extent of thought and pur- )ose. In the United States the Press is supremely important. The affairs of the republic are debated, not only in Congress, )ut in the journals of the day ; thus enabling the far-off dweller 236 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. GASKILL, COPPER & FRY, ENGRAVERS OP BOOKBINDERS' TOOLS AND II HI IB & $ ^ pring Garden Business Directory ; Northern Liberties Direc- ory ; The Satirist ; West Philadelphian ; Masonic Mirror. Religious. — Episcopal Recorder ; Banner of the Cross ; Christian Observer ; Christian Chronicle ; Presbyterian ; Phila- lelphia Repository ; Catholic Herald ; Pennsylvania Freeman ; The Friend; Friends' Review; Sunday-School Journal ; Sun- lay-School Visitor; Youths' Penny Gazette; The Presbyterian Sabbath School Visiter. Sunday Morning Papers. — Sunday Dispatch; Sunday \Iercury ; Sunday Globe ; Sunday Ledger. Monthly. — The Magazines of Philadelphia have long re- ained a character honourable alike to their editors, publishers, nd to the city. The contributions to these periodicals have dways been of a superior character. The first established of these valuable monthlies is Godey's Magazine. — The January number, for this year, s a capital one. The enterprising publisher is determined not o be surpassed either in the quantity or quality of its literary matter and embellishments. Graham's Magazine also commences the year 1852 richly reighted with choice articles from well-known writers in this ountry. The execution of the illustrations cannot be excelled. Sartain's Magazine is likewise a valuable periodical, 'hough comparatively a new publication, it already receives a iberal support. We know of none that more deserves it. Peterson's Magazine has commenced the year 1852 in a ommendable spirit. Its pages are always filled with a choice tock of reading. Journal of the Franklin Institute. This is a truly aluable work, devoted to the Mechanical and Physical Sciences, ivil Engineering, the Arts and Manufactures, and the Re- )rds of American and Foreign Patented Inventions. No techanic ought to be without the Journal. 21 242 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. EPICUREANS' RETREAT. SIMPSON'S SAXOONS, NO. 123 QUEEN STREET, BELOW THIRD, Superior Oysters in every style, Ice Cream, and Water Ices. WM. S. SIMPSON, Proprietor. RICHARDS, SUCCESSOR TO M. P. SIMONS, NO. 179 CHESTNUT STREET, (Opposite the State House,) PSaD[LA[5)BiLPK]llA B KLEMM & BROTHER, Jttttstnil XitstntmetU Jhuj)ortei% No. 275 Market Street, (Above Seventh, north side,) Invite the attention of the trade to their assortment of Musical In struments, Strings, Music, &c, and every article in their line. L. N. ROSENTHAL, a a s m © m & &> m a % CHROMOGRAPHIC AND ZINCOGRAPHK tit* ESTABLISHMENT, S. & Corner of Third and Dock Streets, (Fourth Story Exchange CoiTce House,) Pbilaodabici. Portraits from Life and Landscapes from Nature ; Anatomical ai Architectural Drawings, and Views of Hotels and Stores ; Mus Titles, Maps, Plans, and Circulars ; Fac Similes, Bill Heads, Tit Pages, Certificates, Drafts, Checks, and all kinds of Commerci Blanks ; Manufacturers' Labels designed, executed, and printed the latest European style; also Transferring from Copper, Stee and Wood Engravings, &c , &c. THE PRESS. 243 The Odd-Fellows' Magazine. — This periodical is devoted o the interests of the Order whose name it bears. The Home and Foreign Record of the Presbyterian ^hurch in the United States of America; being the organ f the Boards of Missions, Education, Foreign Missions, and Publication. This valuable work is issued monthly, in quarto orin, at fifty cents, and in super-royal octavo form at one [ollar per annum. Office, 265 Chestnut Street. The Presbyterian Magazine is another religious pub- ication, designed especially for the instruction and edification •f the families of the Presbyterian Church. Published at 265 ^kestnut Street. The Banner of the Covenant. — Conducted by the Sec- retaries of the Board of Missions of the Reformed Presbyterian ]hurch in Philadelphia. Office, No. 14 Strawberry Street, or 13 Bank Street. The Mother's Journal. — Published by the Board of Publication of the Baptist Church, Arch Street. Examiner and Record of Medical Science. — Published )y Lindsay and Blakiston. The value of this periodical is -veil known and duly appreciated by the medical profession of :he United States, by their liberal patronage. Each number contains 84 pages of printed matter, with occasional illus- rations. The Medical News and Library. — Published by Blan- :hard & Lea, at the low rate of one dollar a year. Quarterlies. — The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. — Each number of this popular medical periodical contains about two hundred and eighty large octavo pages, •ichly illustrated with engravings. The American Journal of Dental Sciences. — Edited }y Chapin A. Harris, M.D., D.D.S., and Alfred A. Blandy, M.B., D.D. S., and published by Lindsay & Blakiston. The 244 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. CUMMINGS' EVENING BULLETIN, A DAILY PAPER. INDEPENDENT ON ALL SUBJECTS. Published every Afternoon, at 46 South Third Street. The Bulletin contains all the news received by the Mails from all parts of the Urnon ; together with THE NEWS BY TELEGRAPH up to the moment of going to press every afternoon. THE EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT treats with independence and fairness all the leading topics of the day. THE LOCAL NEWS, including reports of Court proceedings, meetings, lectures, &c, it m the hands of competent reporters. THE FOREIGN NEWS DEPARTMENT is carefully attended to. A large supply of European papers by every steamer enables us to furnish all the news of the Old World, and bj the services of ABLE FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS the readers are advised of all that is going on in Paris and the other capitals. TALES, POETRY, AND OTHER SELECTIONS, from the best European and American sources, are furnished in every number, and in all respects no efforts are spared to make it a first- rate Family Paper. The Bulletin has a large and increasing circulation among the most respectable classes in Philadelphia and its vicinity, and its value as AN ADVERTISING MEDIUM has long been discovered and acknowledged by those who have tried it. TERMS. The Bulletin is served, at any place in the city and districts, for twelve cents a week, payable to the carrier, or for six dollars a year, in advance, payable at the office. THE SEMI- WEEKLY BULLETIN. Intended for country circulation, and containing all the reading matter of the daily, is furnished to subscribers at $3 a year: two copies for $o, and four copies for $8, invariably in advance. ALEX. CUraHXINTGS editor and proprietor, 4G South Third Street, Philadelphia^ THE PRESS. 245 Journal contains original communications from the most emi- lent Dentists, relating directly or indirectly to the Dental )ranch of medicine. This publication is of great value to the lentist who desires to keep pace with the progress of the art. The American Journal of Pharmacy; devoted to Pharmaceutic Research, &c. ; intended for the benefit of the Vpothecary. Each number contains about ninety-six pages, ictavo. It is published by the Philadelphia College of Phar- nacy. This work cannot be too highly recommended to the )rofession. Transactions of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. — Published by Lippincott, G-rambo & Co. rhis is an able work, devoted to the medical sciences ; at once aluable to the student as well as the practitioner. It has ong enjoyed a wide-spread reputation among the standard cientific journals of the day. The Biblical Repertory and Princeton Review. — This is a religious periodical of the very highest character, levoted to all subjects connected with ecclesiastical and general dstory, philosophy, literature, and morals. Each number ontains 175 pages, making a yearly volume of 700 pages. It s furnished to subscribers at the low rate of three dollars per nnum. Office, 265 Chestnut Street. The Protestant Quarterly Review. — Published by 1 ollins & Sherrerd. Jos. M. Wilson, 228 Chestnut Street, is he principal agent for this Review. Semi-Annual. — Ranking' s Half- Yearly Abstract of he Medical Sciences. — Published by Lindsay & Blakis- Dn. The object of this periodical is to give the physician who as not within his reach, or who cannot find time to keep pace r ith the progress of the ever-teeming medical press, a com- lete digest of medical literature ; or a work which will pre- snt to him, in a condensed form, the most valuable and 21* 246 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. PHILADELPHIA TTPE I STEREOTYPE FOUNDRY. Ifee Siibgclribelrs fceep o>] toD, o\ v fi|h]fel) §()oH ooitee, ebehj qtficle coiwecfcD bill) q $lrii]fii]cj Office. Jfycfr qssorf- h)£i]f Of JOB AND ORNAMENTAL LETTER 1$ % iqlrgegf IK) tj& cotwfftj, ^5 tyeij l)qbc fecepfijj cjoi iff) q complete gelries, flroh) JlhjtyojjD fo Slre^f Jtftyelr, of fl?e celeblr^fed scotch faces, toljicl) fol* begqty dt^bilifij ^Ire q»)Hbi|lle3. 5Hi)ih)c( Jiregses, of ebehj degctffriiojj, ?Ki)fii]cj Gtyges, &c, of il)c best typify. gfelreofyptycj qi)t) £iecfrof|j(>utg photyjtfijj executed. L. JOHNSON & CO. March, 1852. No. 6 Sansom Si. THE PRESS. 247 practical results arrived at by the learned of the profession. To such, this publication must prove peculiarly acceptable, inasmuch as it places them in possession of the knowledge of the day, while it saves them both time and money, and enables them to see at a glance, what works are worthy of perusal or purchase. The Home, the School, and the Church; or, The Presbyterian Education Repository. This is a sterling work, and one 4 which would reflect credit on any age or country. It is divided into three harmonious departments, the first being devoted to the advantages, the responsibilities, encouragements, obligations, and principles of home culture. The second in- cludes all that belongs to Christian education in schools, academies, colleges, and theological seminaries. The last de- partment is devoted to the interests of the Church. In addition to the above, there are the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, and The Transac- tions of the Academy of Natural Sciences, both of world-wide reputation. 248 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. GENTLEMEN'S FURNISHING STORE, No. 1753 Chestnut Street, above Seventh, PHILADELPHIA. S. HEYWOOD, MANUFACTURER AND WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN SHIRTS, COLLARS, AND STOCKS, And Importer of Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods, No* 135 Chestnut Street. MOORE, HENSZEY & CO., IMPORTERS OF HARDWARE & GTJTLBR7, No. 139 Market Street, (BETWEEN THIRD AND FOURTH,) P;flal)elnl;fa. SPRING GARDEN TUBE WORKS. S. GRIFFITHS, MANUFACTURER OF WROUGHT IKON TUBES & FITTINGS, FOR GAS, STEAM, ETC. FACTOKY In Vine Street, between Schuylkill Second and Third, (north side), A CONSTANT SUPPLY ALWAYS ON HAND AT No. 15 North Delaware Seventh Street, ffliUafrgliHjta. I. P H I L B I N, No. 9 South Seventh Street, below Market. WATER CLOSETS, HOT, COLD, AND SHOWER BATHS, BOILERS, LIFT AND FORCE PUMPS, AND EVERY DESCRIPTION OF PLUMBERS' MATERIALS Always on hand, and on the most reasonable terms. ORDERS FROM THE COUNTRY PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 249 CHAPTER VII. BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. " Where the heart pineth in sorrow and sadness ; "Where the brain rioteth free in its madness; Where Reason's lamp burneth, shrouded, yet bright, — Oh! on such miseries £ Let there be light!' " The Charitable Institutions of Philadelphia, proud mo- numents of benevolence, rear their heads in all parts of the city. They are not excelled, perhaps not equalled, by those of any other city, of the same extent, in the world. In this particu- lar, Philadelphia has admirably illustrated its name, — " Bro- therly Love." First among these praiseworthy associations stands — The Pennsylvania Hospital. — In the year 1751, a num- ber of the benevolent citizens of Philadelphia were incorporated by an Act of the Provincial Assembly, as " The Contributors to the Pennsylvania Hospital." The charter was general in its character, and provided for " the relief of the sick, and the reception and cure of lunatics." From the first opening of the Institution, the Insane Department has always constituted a prominent part of this noble charity, and has claimed a large share of the attention of its distinguished medical officers and managers. This benevolent enterprise mainly relies for its support, and for the means of extending its usefulness, on private contribu- tions and legacies. From the judicious management of these resources, has arisen those substantial and convenient buildings, on Pine Street, which are now used only for medical, surgical, 250 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. THE PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL. and obstetric patients, and those more recently erected, two miles from the city, on the Haverford Road, known as the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane. The square on which the first-named Institution stands, is bounded by Spruce and Pine, and Eighth and Ninth Streets. The entire lot is enclosed by a brick wall, with the exception of about one hundred and fifty feet on Pine Street, which is furnished with an iron railing. Aoout seven-eighths of the square was purchased in 1755, by the managers, for £500; the remaining portion was presented to the Institution, by Thomas and Richard Penn, in 1762. The Hospital, surrounded on the borders of the square by majestic trees, exhibits a south front of venerable aspect, end considerable architectural beauty, extending east and west two hundred and eighty-one feet. It consists of a centre building, THE PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL. 251 united by two long wards, three stories in height, to two wings, extending north and south. These wings are surmounted by cupolas, and finished so as to present fronts on Eighth and Ninth Streets. The centre building is sixty-four feet front, by sixty-one in depth, and, to the top of the balustrade surround- ing the cupola, seventy-two in height. That portion of the Hospital first erected, was the east wing, the corner-stone of which was laid May 28th, 1755, by John Key, the first European born in Philadelphia. It was finished and opened for the reception of patients, the following year. The west wing was erected in 1796, and the centre in 1805. In addition to the main edifice, there are various outhouses, together with a building on Spruce Street, erected for the ex- hibition of West's celebrated painting of " Christ Healing the Sick." The net proceeds from the exhibition of this picture, from 1818 until 1848, when it was removed to the Academy of Fine Arts, where it still remains, was nearly $24,000. A well-executed statue of William Penn. presented by his grandson, John Penn, Esq., stands in the beautiful lawn facing Pine Street. (See page 252.) The attention paid to neatness and ornament in the exterior and grounds of this Institution, gives it an air of elegance seldom equalled in establishments of the kind. Previous to the year 1841, a large portion of the building was appropriated to the accommodation of the insane; but since the transfer of this class of patients to the new hospital, the building has been, in a great measure, remodelled, and tho- roughly repaired ; giving, in consequence, an enlarged accom- modation for the ordinary medical and surgical patients. The whole revenue of this noble charity is devoted, directly or indirectly, to the support of the sick poor. All accidents, if brought to the door within twenty-four hours after their oc- 252 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. STATUE OF WILLIAM PENN. currence, are admitted without a question, provided they have not occurred out of the State of Pennsylvania. All cases of chronic or acute disease are admitted, — if it appears that they are at all susceptible of relief, — as far as the accommodation of the house will allow. The reader must remember that it is not an asylum for the support of the destitute, but an hospital for their cure when sick ; consequently, those beyond the reach of treatment are not admitted. A limited number of pay pa- tients are received, which is but an extension of its charity ; for, whatever profits are derived from this source, go to in- crease the ability of the Institution to relieve the poor. This Hospital has always dispensed its blessings with a gene- rous hand. At present, to the one hundred and twenty, al- HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. 253 ready occupied, it has space provided for one hundred and fifty additional charity beds. Among the beneficial operations of this Institution, are the medical lectures delivered there, to oyer three hundred medi- cal students, who annually attend upon the practice of the house; thus enjoying opportunities for improvement, the bene- fits of which, to themselves and the communities among whom they may practise, are quite incalculable. It is well admitted that the young practitioner who has sought instruction by the bedside, in institutions of this kind, is far better qualified for the duties of his profession, than if he enjoyed no such advan- tage. For every patient cured or well treated in an hospital, hundreds scattered through wide regions of town and country may experience similar benefits. In concluding our notice, we will state, that since 1841, there have been 13,829 patients received into this establishment, of whom 9,800 were poor. The average population of the house at present, is about one hundred and fifty-eight, — one hundred and twenty of whom are poor. Visiters are admitted, from 10 o'clock to sunset, every day except Sunday ; and the afternoon of Saturday, only on special business. Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane. — The corner- stone of this building was laid on the 22d of June, 1832 ; it was opened for the reception of patients on the 1st of January, 1841. It is located on a fine farm, of 111 acres, between the Westchester and Haverford Roads, on the latter of which is the gate of entrance. The principal building and the main wings present an eastern front of four hundred and thirty-six feet, and consist of a basement and two principal stories. The centre building is ninety-six feet deep, sixty-three feet wide, east of its junctions with the wings, and sixty-seven on 22 254 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. its western side. The former, which is the principal front, is built of cut stone, and ornamented with a chaste and elegant Doric portico ; the west side has also a portico, of smaller di- mensions, and like the rest of the Hospital is of stone, stuc- coed to resemble the principal front. The interior arrange- ments are unsurpassed for convenience and perfect adaptation to the purpose designed. Running north and south from the centre buildings, are the main wings. The north is occupied by the male, and the south by the female patients ; they do not differ materially in their structure or arrangements. The principal edifice is surmounted by a dome, in which are placed iron tanks, from whence water is conveyed to every part of the building. The summit of the dome is eighty-five feet above the level of the basement, and from it the view is one of great beauty, embracing a large extent of country. In the distance are seen the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers, the city of Philadelphia, the Grirard College, &c. A short distance north and south of the main Hospital, and nearly on a line with its eastern front, are the " Lodges," one for each sex : they are also of stone, one story high, and built on three sides of a hollow square, the fourth being finished with piers and an open iron railing, giving free access to the air, and affording a handsome view of the surrounding country. These Lodges, are constructed especially for the accommodation of noisy and violent patients, and have proved an admirable part of the Hospital. Every year's experience confirms their great value. In each of these buildings, three distinct classes of patients can be accommodated ; and from their position and structure, the noisiest lunatics cause no annoyance to the inmates of the main Hospital, while their accommodations are not loss comfortable. friends' asylum for the insane. 255 The workshop is a handsome frame building, two stories high, situated near the gateway. Of the one hundred and eleven acres in the farm, about forty-one around the Hospital are appropriated as a garden and pleasure-ground, and enclosed by a substantial wall. Immedi- ately in front of the building is a beautiful lawn, forming a segment of a circle, in which is a circular railroad, together with extensive flower-beds. The pleasure-ground is beauti- fully undulating, and interspersed with clumps and groves of forest trees ; these are fitted up with seats and summer-houses, and are the favourite resort of the patients during the summer. The medical treatment of patients in this Institution is of the most judicious kind. Here, reason, perchance disturbed by the cares of life, or the hand of affliction, is not rudely hurled for ever from its throne, by the horrors of a madhouse, but is soothed and restored to health by kindness and by love. The mind is not allowed to brood over the past in a gloomy cell, but is kept in constant exercise, by labour or amusement in the garden, on the farm, or in mechanical employments ; — riding in the circular railway, ten-pins; carriage riding, or long walks ; the use of musical instruments ; attendance at parties, lectures, concerts j all the usual varieties of games, and the use of a library and choice collection of papers and periodicals. To this and kindred Institutions, — for there are many of them now in our land, — we say G-od speed ! They are like green spots of verdure amid the desert, where the mind impaired in its journey, can find peace and repose. Philadelphians may well be proud of this noble charity. Friends' Asylum for the Insane, near Frankford. — This Institution was founded in the year 1815, by contribu- tions from the members of the Society of Friends, and is now supported by the pay received from patients, donations, and contributions. The buildings are well adapted for the purposes 256 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. designed, and the administration of the Institution combines all that humanity and prudence can produce, to cure or relieve the unfortunate objects of its care. The United States Naval Asylum. — This noble charity was founded in the year 1835, as a Naval School and an Hos- pital for Pensioners, but is now used for the latter purpose only. It is situated on the banks of the River Schuylkill, a short distance below the city, fronting on the Gray's Ferry Road. The site is one of the most beautiful in the vicinity of Philadelphia, being the highest point of land on the river below Fairmount. The Asylum consists of three structures, separated from each other, yet forming one entire and beautiful plan, — the main building, and the residences of the Commodore and Sur- geon. The main or principal edifice is three stories in height, built of Pennsylvania marble, and presents a front of 380 feet, in- cluding a centre building of 142 feet by 175 deep ; it is em- bellished with a beautiful portico of eight columns of the Ionic order. The wings contain verandas on each story. On the platform are two field pieces, captured at the Battle of Saratoga ; and two large marble balls, which were brought by the late Commodore Elliot from the Hellespont. The balls are said to have been fired from the celebrated Turkish mortar, the largest piece of ordnance in the world. The basement, or first story, of the centre building, is divi- ded into a spacious dining-room, the various culinary depart- ments, pantry, and washing and ironing rooms. The wings of this story are divided into dormitories, &c. The second story contains the Dispensary, and the Officers', Surgeon's, and Apothecaries' apartments; also a beautiful chapel, fifty-six feet square, lighted from a dome. The wings of this story are fitted up into chambers, for the accommoda- UNITED STATES NAVAL ASYLUM. 257 tion of the Pensioners, each being neatly furnished with a bed, table, chairs, &c. These rooms are well ventilated they open directly on the verandas, and are kept remarkably clean. The third story contains sleeping apartments, the Infirmary, baths, closets, &c. The whole building is heated from furnaces in the basement, and plenteously supplied with water from Fairmount. The Asylum contains about 140 Pensioners at the present time, — among whom is Thomas Johnson, the only survivor of the daring crew of the Bon Homme Richard. He was one of the two men who assisted Paul Jones to lash his vessel to the British Frigate Serapis, in that memorable engagement in the British Channel.* Each pensioner has an allowance of thirty-six dollars a year for clothing, and one dollar a month pocket-money, together with one pound and a half of tobacco. They are not restricted in diet, — each man having as much as he requires. The bill of fare, as shown to us, is equal to that of any hotel in the city. The buildings are surrounded by a beautiful park, containing about twenty-five acres, enclosed in front by an elegant iron railing ; it is laid out into walks, flower-beds, and grass-plats, and planted with trees, and shrubbery. That portion facing the river, affords some fine views, embracing the Schuylkill and its shipping, together with the Almshouse, Woodland Cemetery, Hamilton Village, &c, on the opposite shore. This Institution will compare favourably with any other of the kind in the world : it is worthy of the country. Long may it continue the happy home of the brave, who have perilled their lives, or impaired their health, in the service of their native land. * Since -writing the above notice, this old hero has gone to his long home, supposed to have been over one hundred years of age. 22* He was 258 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. Hi INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. Pennsylvania Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb. — This benevolent Institution is situated at the corner of Broad and Pine Streets. It was founded in the year 1820, incorporated in 1821, and removed to the present building in 1825 ; the original cost of which was eighty thou- sand dollars. This charity is supported by donations and the contributions of annual subscribers and life members. By the act of incor- poration, the State of Pennsylvania, allowed 160 dollars apiece, annually, for the support of indigent pupils of this State, the number of whom was not to exceed fifty, and the term of each not to extend over three years. This number has since been increased, and the term extended, by several enactments. The number under the present appropriation is 92, and the term allowed is six years. INSTITUTION FOR THE BLIND. 259 The Institution at present contains 134 pupils, 92 of whom are supported by Pennsylvania, 18 by Maryland, 13 by New Jersey, 3 by Delaware, and 13 by the Institution. The sys- tem of education adopted in this establishment is that of the Abbe de l'Epee and Sicard, which has been so successfully practised in Europe. The edifice was erected from designs by Haviland, and is constructed of granite. It is composed of a centre building, 50 feet front by 63 in depth. The whole front, including the wings, is 96 feet, and it extends back 235 feet. The facade is ornamented by a chaste and beautiful portico, in the Doric style of architecture. There are two spacious yards, and an enclosed plat laid out as a flower-garden, furnishing ample space for exercise for the pupils. The interior arrangements are of the most ample kind, comprising eleven school-rooms, a lecture-room, cabinet of models, apparatus, and specimens, airy sleeping-rooms, an infirmary, workshops, and apartments for culinary purposes, &c. To cultivate the understanding, to invigorate the constitution, and to train up the child in the way he should go, are the leading objects of this Institution, and the best efforts of the Officers and Directors have been aimed to accomplish this great end. By a rule of the Institu- tion, deaf and dumb children are not admitted under ten years of age. Any respectable stranger is admitted to inspect the building on application to the Principal of the Institution, A. B. Hutton, A.M. Tiie Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Blind. — This noble charity is situated in Race Street, between Schuylkill Second and Third Streets, and was founded in the year 1833, through the exertions of the benevolent. The buildings of this Asylum have been much improved during the last year, by the erection of additional wings, an extension of the upper story, and a material addition to the 260 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS INSTITUTION FOR THE BLIND. infirmary ; this enlargement had become absolutely necessary in view of the increased number of applicants. The number of pupils now receiving instruction at the Blind Asylum is 93, of whom 45 are supported by the State of Pennsylvania, 6 by New Jersey, 5 by Maryland, 1 by Dela- ware, 15 by the Institution, 15 by their own industry, and 6 by their friends. The amount of good done by this charity to a deeply afflicted class, and to the community, by giving them the means of support, and relieving the public from an inevitable charge, commends it strongly to public favour. The organi- zation of such charities forms a bright era in the history of our race ; it is really accomplishing the words of the Prophet, that " the blind would see, the dumb speak, and the ears of the deaf be unstopped." BLOC KLEY ALMSHOUSE. 261 The Institution is open to strangers every day except Sun- day, but to citizens it is only open every Wednesday afternoon, when an opportunity is given to examine the workshops, &c. At 4 o'clock a concert of vocal and instrumental music is given, with an exhibition of the apparatus used in the instruction of the pupils. Owing to the impossibility of accommodating the large crowds that attended these exhibitions when free, a small admission fee is now charged. The Race Street line of omnibuses pass the premises, and the Vine and Arch Street lines within a square of the gate. Principal of the Institution, W. Chapin. Friends' Almshouse, located in Walnut below Fourth Street. This Institution is sustained by the Society of Friends, by legacies, &c. There are few inmates at present. The front of the lot has been improved by the erection of several elegant buildings, occupied as offices, &c. This antique build- ing is worthy of a visit. It is occupied at present by the keeper's family, new buildings having been erected for the ac- commodation of the inmates. Rlockley Almshouse. — The extensive range of build- ings comprising this Almshouse, are situated on the west side of the River Schuylkill, opposite the city. They consist of four edifices, each 500 feet front, three stories high, including the basement, of regular ashlar masonry, so arranged as to enclose a rectangular yard. The front facing the city is orna- mented by an elegant portico, in the Tuscan order of architec- ture, having six columns, five feet in diameter at the base, and thirty feet high, giving a grand and imposing appearance to the structure. Looking at its exterior, it is really a palace for the poor. The average number of paupers maintained during the past year, was 1813, at an expense of $97,925 55, — being at the rate of $1 04 per week each. 262 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. The manufactory and house of employment, during the same period, yielded $21,707 21, and the farm $14,857 05. The Children's Asylum attached to the Almshouse, contains at present about 362 boys and 1498 girls, altogether 1860, supported at an expense of $69,525. The Insane department contains about 390 of these poor unfortunates. The Hospital consists of 11 wards, each 47 by 44 feet, and two attics ; altogether containing 432 beds. There are at pre- sent about 349 patients under care. These buildings have every necessary accommodation that can reasonably be expected. What city has better ? We may here remark, that the cost of supporting the poor at the Almshouse and in the City and Districts was $228,977 11, during the year 1851. Moyamensing Almshouse, situated on Irish Track Lane, below Fitzwater Street. The principal building is of brick, with several out-houses ; attached are a number of acres of ground, on which produce is raised for the use of the Institution. This public charity is under the control of the District of Moyamensing, which, in consideration of taking care of their own poor, pays no tax into the general city and county fund for that purpose. The Wills Hospital, for the Diseases of the Eye and Limbs, was founded by the late James Wills of Philadelphia, who bequeathed to the city for that purpose, the sum of $108,396 ; which at the time of the completion of the build- ing, had accumulated to $122,548. The expense of its erec- tion, including the cost of the lot, was $57,203, leaving a balance of $65,345 ; the interest of which is available for the support of the Institution. The corner-stone was laid on the 2d of April, 1832, and on the 3d of March, 1834, the Hospital was opened for the reception of patients. WILLS HOSPITAL. 263 WILLS HOSPITAL. It is a neat stone structure, eighty feet long and fifty feet deep, with a piazza on the south side extending through its 3ntire length, and is divided into two large wards, and a number }f smaller and more private rooms, besides those occupied by "he officers and others connected with the establishment. The Hospital is beautifully situated, being immediately )pposite to Logan Square. The ample grounds appertaining o it, together with the delightful promenade in front, secure lot only free ventilation, but, to a considerable extent, also, he healthful influences of a rural location. In addition to the egacy of Mr. Wills, several small bequests have been re- vived from other individuals, among them one by the late Dr. Blenon ; and the Institution is moreover allowed by Act )f Legislature the temporary use of the unemployed income i-om a fund left by John Bleakly, in 1802, for the relief 264 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. of the poor during visitations of the yellow fever ; the net annual proceeds of which amount at present to $554. The greatest number of patients admitted hitherto into the Hospital, at any one time, is about forty-five ) but many more attend as " out-patients," for advice and medicine. Since its foundation, upwards of two thousand persons have been cured or relieved, as inmates of the Institution, and more than twice that number have received its benefits in their own homes. Most of these cases are such as would have proved incurable in private practice, and in numerous instances the sufferers have been restored to sight from a state of total blindness. Persons applying for gratuitous admission are expected to bring satisfactory evidence of respectable character and indi- gent circumstances ; pay patients are also admitted, and the managers are thus enabled to diffuse its advantages more widely among the poor than they could otherwise do. Pa- tients from distant parts of the country, have sought relief there in preference to treatment at their own homes or hotels, and will continue to do so in greater numbers, as more ex- tended accommodations are provided. Such enlargement is very much required ; and it is to be regretted that means should be wanting for so beneficent a purpose. Founded for the cure of diseases of the Limbs, as well as those of the Eye, to which it is at present restricted, it might, with adequate endowments, comprehend all recent accidents, as well as chronic ailments, affecting the extremities. It is a stock, moreover, upon which various branches of healing may be engrafted, bearing severally such designation as might be given them by their respective founders. Nothing forbids the association therewith of a medical department also j and the city would thus be furnished with another general hospital, now greatly needed, of convenient access, and unsurpassed in beauty and healthfulness of location by any similar Institution in the world. THE CITY HOSPITAL. 265 For many years, it has been steadily dispensing to the poor the blessings it was intended to impart. The good which it has done, and is still doing, even in the contracted sphere of its present operations, is incalculable ; and with the addition of two wings, appropriated one to the Orthopedic and the other to the Ophthalmic department, it would be an honour to the city, and take at once high rank among the charitable institutions of the world. The Wills Hospital is governed by a Board of eighteen Di- -ectors, appointed by the City Councils, who confide its profes- sional charge to the following gentlemen, the first-named three )f whom have been connected with the Institution from its 'onimencement, J. Hays, M.D., S. Littell, M.D., J. Parrish, U.D., J. Neill, M.D. The City Hospital at Bush Hill, is situated at the outhwest corner of Schuylkill Fourth and Coates Street, Spring Garden. The structure is of brick, and consists of a entre building, three stories high, connected to two-story rings, running east and west. A portico, enclosed with pivot •linds, extends on three sides of the east, and the entire 3ngth of the west wing. In the front on Coates Street, is an niple space, enclosed by a wicket fence, handsomely laid out i walks, flower-beds, &c. On each end is a garden, and in be rear, a yard, outhouses, &c. The centre on the floor and level with the entrance is occu- ied by a hall, apartments for the different officers, and a Dacious stairway leading to the upper stories. The second ory is divided into four, and the third into five chambers, he attic also contains five rooms. The wings, one for male id the other for female patients, are each divided into seven ards ; all well aired by spacious windows. There is also a »om for insane patients. The apartments and wards of this Hospital are kept remark- 23 266 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. ably clean, and its whole arrangement is under the most judicious management. Thus, though seldom occupied by patients, it is always in a state of readiness for any emergency. This Institution was established by Act of Assembly, January 7th, 1818, as a Pest Hospital, where all persons may be sent, by order of the Board of Health, Sanitary Committee, or other persons appointed by the Board of Health, who are afflicted with a pestilential or contagious disease. The Hospital is under the exclusive control of the Sanitary Committee of the Board, which is composed at present of the following gentlemen, viz., Dr. John A. Elkinton, Dr. Plea- sants, William Goodwin, Esq., Edward C. Markley, Esq., Dr. Gardiner, and Thomas J. Herring, Esq. The physician of the Hospital is Dr. John J. Bird, and the Matron, Lydia Tomlinson. An hospital carriage is always in readiness to convey patients to the Institution from any part of the city or county. Christ Church Hospital, Cherry Street, between Third and Fourth Streets, founded by Dr. J. Kearsley, for the relief of indigent females of the Episcopal Church. The Saint Joseph's Hospital, Green Hill. This Institu- tion is situated on the Girard Avenue, within a short distance of Girard College, and has the advantage of a fine open lot around it, which is well ventilated from the absence of con- tiguous buildings. It is capable of accommodating sixty: patients, the males and females being in separate buildings, and receives them at the low price of three dollars per week, either for surgical or medical treatment. It is administered in its nursing by an experienced religious community, the Sisters of Saint Joseph. Persons desirous of entering will call upon one of the Managers acting as an Hospital Com- mittee, and furnish the requisite security for their accommoda^ THE PHILADELPHIA DISPENSARY. 267 tion, upon which they will be admitted. Surgical accidents of a severe kind are received at once for a limited time. Prescribers of the Institution — Surgeons. — W. E. Horner, M.D., Henry H. Smith, M.D., J. H. B. M'Clellan, M.D. Physicians.— Wm. V. Keating, M.D., Alfred Stille, M.D., Francis Gr. Smith, M.D. Obstetricians. — B. M'Neill, M.D., Thomas A. Reiley, M.D., J. Henry Smaltz, M.D. THE DISPENSARIES. There are four of these valuable institutions in Philadelphia, to dispense medicine, and medical advice, to the poor. It has been truly and justly observed, that there are many in every community, whose situation prevents their entering an Hospi- tal, while there are many others whom an honourable pride deters from a public exhibition of their wants. To such, esta- blishments like those under notice, must prove a real blessing ; and it cannot be doubted, nay, we have ample evidence, that many valuable lives are saved to the community by their operations. The Philadelphia Dispensary, South Fifth below Chest- nut Street, was the first established in this city, being founded in 1786. The Institution is under the control of a Board of twelve Managers, elected annually, by the contributors. The Managers elect six attending and four consulting physicians and surgeons, an Apothecary, and a Treasurer. The physicians and surgeons attend in their turn at the Dispensary every day, at 3 o'clock, p. m. The apothecary resides in the building. All cases, whether acute, chronic, surgical, or obstetrical, arc promptly attended to, when recommended by a contributor or by making proper application to the Dispensary ; such as are not able to come in person, are attended at their homes ; but 268 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. no persons are deemed objects of this charity but such as arc really necessitous. According to the last report of the Institution, there have been 7,362 patients under care of the Dispensary during the year past, of which number 7,251 recovered, 78 died, and 33 remain under care. The Obstetric department, founded in 1837, has now become, under its able management, a perfect system of prompt and active usefulness. The payment of five dollars entitles the donor to the privi- leges of a contributor, and the payment of fifty dollars con- stitutes a life membership. The Northern Dispensary was established in 1816. It is located at No. 1 Spring Garden Street. There is connected with this Institution a lying-in department, where the poor can have the best attendance, with every comfort that can rea- sonably be expected ; indeed, we are informed that few in the better ranks of society have better attendance than those receive who enjoy the blessings of this charity. MOYAMENSING DISPENSARY AND HOUSE OF InDUSTi!V. Catharine Street, above Seventh. This Institution went into operation in 1847, since which time it has done an incalculable amount of good, in restoring the health and saving the lives of thousands of indigent sufferers. In the district of its loca- tion, a county officer was known to receive, previous to its establishment, over $600 per month, for burying the dead; who were sent to the grave for want of timely medical assist- ance j now, the same officer has rarely a case during the same period. Few charitable institutions have stronger claims upon the benevolent. Preston Eetreat, at present used by the Foster Home Association. This elegant building, designed as a lying-in hospital for indigent married women, was founded by bequest of Dr. Jonas Preston. The edifice is one of the most PRESTON RETREAT. 209 PRESTON EETREA beautiful in the city. The lot upon which it stands occupies an entire square, extending from Schuylkill Second to Third Street, and from Hamilton to Spring Garden Street. The funds left for the support of this Institution are ample, but in consequence of their not being available, — being in- vested in the Schuylkill Navigation Company's stock, — the object of the testator has not been carried into effect. In the mean time, the managers have allowed the Foster Home Asso- ciation to occupy the premises. This Society, as its name implies, is instituted to provide a home for the children of the poor, and it now feeds, clothes, and instructs about 74 little homeless ones. In our visit to this Asylum, we were delighted with the order, remarkable cleanliness, and decorum, that pervaded the whole establish- ment ; and it was pleasing to see the affection evinced by the 270 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. children toward their attendants. Nowhere did we see happier or more cheerful faces. We recommend the generous to visit the " Home j" we know that their charity will not he mis- placed. House of Industry, Catharine Street between Seventh and Eighth Streets. This charity was organized in the winter of 1846, through the exertions of Mr. Mullen, who, being acquainted with the deplorable condition of the poor in the District of Moyamensing, felt prompted to relieve their mcst pressing necessities, as far as his individual means would per- mit. In this benevolent mission he soon found the destitute far more numerous than he anticipated, and a very large portion sunk in the deepest and most hopeless poverty ; consequently, he was led to devise other means for their relief. The plan of the Institution under notice was the result, which from itfl inception proved successful. Other kindred spirits were soon attracted to his aid, thus cheering on the undertaking and enabling it, by enlarged means, to extend its blessings. It has been ascertained, that by the system of giving employment to the poor, the association have been able to keep each indi- vidual comfortable, through the most inclement season of the year, at the small expense of about one dollar for three months over the received value of their labour, or an average of a little more than four dollars per annum. But this is not the most important view of this subject. It has also done much towards the diminution of crime in the District of its location. We find that in January, 1845, there were 409 com- mitments to the County Prison, of which number 212 were from Moyamensing alone ; now the proportion from this quarter is greatly diminished. The Coroner, in 1846, received not less than six hundred dollars per month for burying the dead, over whom he held inquests, in this, then called " In- THE WIDOWS' ASYLUM. 271 fected District now, his receipts for this purpose are much reduced. In this -benevolent enterprise Mr. Mullen has laboured without any other remuneration than that which ought to animate the followers of Him, who came to preach glad tidings, to bind up the broken heart, and to raise the fallen. We dwell upon this effort, because it shows what one person can accomplish by perseverance and devotion to one object. Happy is that man who makes that object the temporal and eternal welfare of his fellow-men. We commend the enter- prise to our readers as a system that might well be adopted in all large cities, not only with benefit to the destitute, but with an actual saving to the public in every point of view. The present buildings were erected in 1848, the interior arrangements of which are well adapted to the benevolent object. The lower story consists of a store, for the sale of provisions, &c, to the poor, at cost prices, a room fitted up for the Moyamensing Soup Society, an ofl&ce for the Moya- mensing Dispensary, a kitchen, and a free bathing and washing establishment. It is a usual thing for workmen to stop here after their day's labour, and bathe, going home clean and re- freshed. In the second story are the work-rooms of the Insti- tution. The third story contains the much-talked-of Ragged Schools. Everything in this room appeared to us in good order. These schools are under the charge of some benevo- lent ladies of the Society of Friends. The fourth story is divided into small rooms, for the purpose of giving a night's shelter to those without a home. We were much gratified with the general appearance of the entire establishment. It is a model in point of cleanliness, order, judicious management, and practical benevolence. The Widows' Asylum, situated at the northeast corner of Schuylkill Fifth and Cherry Streets, was instituted in the year 272 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. 1819, by contributions, and it still depends upon the same resources for support. It contains at present about sixty inmates, the oldest of whom is ninety years of age.' Philadelphia Lying-in Asylum, for the Relief of Indigent Women. — This is a new and praiseworthy Institu- tion, located at No. 229 Arch Street. It was organized on the 10th of October, 185,0. St. Ann's Widows' Asylum, Moyamensing Road below Christian Street, is under the charge of the Sisters of St. Joseph. Roman Catholic Benevolent Society of Philadelphi a. an association of ladies, who visit the sick and distressed poor, affording them such aid as their means will allow in clothing, provisions, money, &c. The Orphans' Society of Philadelphia, Race Street and Schuylkill Fifth, was formed on the 20th of March, 1814, by a number of ladies, who convened for that purpose in the schoolroom of the Second Presbyterian Church, and was incor- porated on the 29th of January, 1816. The object of this benevolent association, is "to rescue from ignorance, idleness, and vice, destitute, unprotected, and help- less children, by providing for them that support and instruc- tion which will eventually enable them to become useful members of society." The first orphan was admitted on the 3d of March, 1815. The family at present consists of eighty- four children, — forty-eight boys and thirty-six girls. According to the by-laws, no boy shall be bound out as a house servant, or to a tavern-keeper, nor until he has received a suitable education, and no girl can be bound to a tavern or boarding-house keeper. It is the duty of the managers — an onerous one too, self-imposed though it be — to keep a mater- nal eye over these children, after they leave the Institution, by visiting them occasionally, and inquiring into their conduct and treatment. THE ORPHANS' SOCIETY. 273 In the year 1816, the Society received a donation of a large lot of ground, that on which the present building stands, from four gentlemen, viz., Messrs. J. Cook, Jacob Justice, James Wiliiier, and J onah Thompson. The foundation of the first Asy- lum was laid the same year, and the building completed, and occupied by the children, in April, 1818. This first Orphans' Home was a substantial structure, fifty by fifty-three feet, three stories high, exclusive of a basement and attic, and was erected at a cost of 826,675. This building was entirely de- stroyed by fire, on the morning of the 24th of January, 1822, when, melancholy to relate, twenty-three of its little inmates perished in the conflagration. At that time, there were ninety orphans in the family. Such was the rapidity of the flames, that of those who escaped, few saved more than their night- clothes. The fire having commenced in the kitchen, soon extended to the stairway, and from thence it enveloped the entire building. Repeated noble attempts were made to rescue the little sufferers, but the efforts were rendered of no avail for want of ladders. The sympathy of our citizens was awakened by this cala- mity, and the sum of $27,978 was speedily obtained, which, with a grant of 85,000 from the State, enabled the managers to rebuild the Asylum the following year. The present edifice is from a design by William Strickland, and presents an excellent plan, embracing every requisite accommodation for the inmates at that date ; we think, however, that at present many improvements and additions might advantageously be made. The structure is of brick, one hundred and ten feet by fifty- three, and consists of a basement, a principal, and an attic story. The materials are of the best kind, and the workmanship executed in the most substantial manner. The basement is arched, and the stairways are of stone ; indeed, the building, 274 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. we may say, is entirely fire-proof. A large area is attached to the Asylum, used as a play-ground, which, considering its immediate vicinity to one of our noble squares, gives it the ad- vantage of a rural location. The benevolence of the Christian appears truly in a work like this. What friend of his country, of humanity, does not wish well to such a noble institution ! Saint John's Orphan Asylum. — This new and elegant building is located on the west side of the Schuylkill River, about two and a half miles from Market Street Bridge. It is built on a lot of thirteen acres, adjoining the Cathedral Ceme- tery. The structure is of brown stone, in the Tudor style of Gothic architecture, — a style peculiarly suited for such insti- tutions. It consists of a main edifice, sixty feet long by fifty deep, and four stories high, connected to wings of three stories the extremes finishing with pointed gables ; the whole length is two hundred and twenty feet. Over the main building is a turret, surmounted by a cross. The height from the ground to the top of the cross is ninety-six feet. The interior, in accordance with the exterior appearance of the building, is finished in a plain, substantial manner. The basement of the centre block, contains the various culinary departments, wash and bath rooms, together with the refectory and a play-room for the children, when the weather is such as to prevent their enjoying out-door amusements. The upper portion is appro- priated to the use of the " Sisters," or religious order having charge of the Institution. The north wing contains the chapel, schoolrooms, and dormitories ; and the south wing is devoted entirely to dormitories. There are three staircases, all of easy access, from any part of the building by the cor- ridors. Particular care has been taken in the construction of these stairways, to make them commodious and strong. The building is designed to accommodate a family of about fewo MAGDALEN ASYLUMS. 275 hundred and fifty orphans, and their attendants. J. T. Mahony, Esq., was the architect of this beautiful edifice. Saint John's Female Orphan Asylum. — This Institu- tion, under charge of the religious order of the Sisters of Charity, is situated on the southwest corner of Spruce and Seventh Streets. The average number of orphans is one hundred. MAGDALEN ASYLUMS. There are three of these praiseworthy institutions in Phila- delphia. The Magdalen Asylum, Schuylkill Second above Race Street, The House of the Good Shepherd, Schuylkill Front and G-eorge Street, and the Rosine Asylum, Eighth above Wood Street. The first of these Institutions was organized in the year 1800. The number of Magdalens who have obtained shelter of its charity since then, has been about one thousand, of whom upwards of five hundred have been reclaimed, and restored to respectable society, or have died under its care, manifesting satisfactory evidence of true repentance. The Asylum is a plain brick edifice, erected by voluntary contri- butions. The House of the Good Shepherd, is under charge of the Sisters of the Good Shepherd, a religious order, attached to the Roman Catholic Church. It has been the means of re- claiming many from the paths of vice. The Rosine Asylum is a new institution, under the judi- cious management of some of our most benevolent ladies ; since its organization it has been eminently successful. It is pleasing to know, that some of our citizens sympathize with the fallen. A moment's reflection will convince the inquirer of the absolute necessity of such institutions as those before 276 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. us, if we ever hope to reclaim the wanderers from the paths of virtue. It has been truly said, that the unhappy girl who has been the sufferer from misplaced confidence — and are there not too many such, who are more sinned against than sinning ? — has no hope of escape from total ruin, unless sheltered by such asylums. If not here, where can she go ? Her friends, and too often her parents, fear to take her back to the dome;; lie hearth, apprehending moral contamination to the other mem- bers of the household. Alas ! cast out from all that is dear and hallowed in life, humbled in her own estimation, she be- comes reckless, and soon, very soon, seeks to drown her woes in the intoxicating bowl. That any in such a situation, sur- rounded by such unfavourable circumstances, should have the resolution to stop and seek to regain a virtuous course of life, while the world, notwithstanding their penitence and tears, , treats them with coldness, enough to deter many from less noble resolutions, is truly a matter of wonder. We hope that the importance of these institutions will be regarded in their proper light, by the citizens of Philadelphia, a city whose boast is her benevolence. None have stronger claims. Coloured Orphans' Asylum, Thirteenth above Callowhill Street. This is a large and commodious building for the maintenance and education of coloured orphans, and is one of the many monuments of the benevolence of our citizens. It contains at present about sixty-seven children. This Institu- tion has rescued many little ones from the abodes of wretched- ness and vice, which abound in some neighbourhoods of the southern portion of our city. It is a cheering thought that they may in a future day, become useful members of society, instead of a prey to the miseries of crime, to which they were exposed. Many poor but worthy coloured people, also, have had their dying moments soothed, by the knowledge that th tc was a comfortable home provided for their bereaved little ones. BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES, ETC. 277 Donations are gratefully received at the Asylum. To the above we may add, the Provident Society, The Union Benevolent Society, The Northern Association for the Relief and Employment of Poor Women, and The Temporary Home Asylum. These associations and a multitude of others, are organized to assist the poor, by pro- viding employment and relieving their immediate wants. The remark is often made, that these societies, " do too much for the poor," and that they encourage idleness. This is not so ; for, from examination and inquiry, we do not hesitate to say, that in very few cases has their benevolence been imposed upon. Let the caviller accompany the visiters of any one of them, and he will for ever after hold his peace, if not assist in the good work. We might add to this extensive list, the various Soup So- cieties and City Trusts, for the distribution of bread, wood, and coal, to the poor; the various Beneficial Associations, organized for mutual support in time of sickness, — a guide to which would form a book itself, — The Humane Society for the Recovery of Drowned Persons, The Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Prisons, The Colonization Society, the various Abolition Societies, The Foreign Benevolent Societies of St. George, St. Andrew, St. Patrick, St. David, &c, until we exceeded the limits of the present work. 24 PENN's TREATY WITH THE INDIANS. 279 CHAPTER VIII. CHURCHES AND RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS. Religious societies of all denominations are exceedingly numerous in Philadelphia. This is creditable to the memory of its founder, whose wish was, that every one might worship God according to the dictates of his own conscience. Penn, himself a distinguished leader in the Society of Friends, solemnly declares, that he came into the charge of founding the Province of Pennsylvania for "the Lord's sake/' He desired to establish a people who should Jbe a praise in the earth, for conduct, as well as for civil and religious liberty. Few of the old churches in Philadelphia are distinguished for architectural beauty; but many, erected within the last few years, are remarkable for elegance and comfort. Being de- signed to suit the wants and the characters of a republican people, they excel in beauty of design, elegance of execution, and chasteness of decoration, rather than ornate display. The first of these societies which claims our attention, is The Friends, or Quakers. Meetings of this Society were held, previous to the settlement of Philadelphia, at the house of Thomas Fairman, at Shackamaxon, — the present Kensing- ton. This house, Watson says in his " Annals," was near " the Elm Tree," that subsequently obtained such renown as being the scene of Penn's Treaty of Friendship with the Indians. It was at this Treaty (of which our engraving is a beautiful view) that Penn addressed them in these memorable words : " We meet on the broad pathway of good faith and good will. 280 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. No advantage shall be taken on either side, but all shall be openness and love. I will not call you children, for parents sometimes chide their children too severely; nor brothers only, for brothers differ ; — the friendship between thee and me I will not compare to a chain, for that the rains may rust, or the falling tree may break : we are the same as if one man's body were to be divided into two parts j we are all one flesh and blood. " The impression made upon the minds of the Indians by Penn, at this and subsequent interviews, was such that they ever after retained the highest esteem for his me- mory, and good will towards Friends. Years after, when cruel- minded men made the waters of the placid Conestoga red with the blood of the Christian Indians, many of them fled, outcasts from their homes, to the city of Brotherly Love, to seek and find protection among the followers of " Maquon," as they termed Penn. On one occasion a chieftain, in a reply to a com- missioner said, " that they should never forget the counsel William Penn gave them 1 as long as the sun gives light.' " In 1685, a meeting-house was erected at the southwest corner of Centre Square. This building was designed as a state-house, market-house, as well as the chief meeting-house. Another meeting-house was erected, in 1685, in Front above Arch Street. This was intended to serve for "evening meet- ings," and the Centre Square one for the "day meetings." In after years, when the house in Pine Street (this old build- ing still remains) was erected, they called the Front Street building the " North Meeting." In 1789, this structure was removed, and a meeting-house erected in Key's Alley. In the year 1695, the fourth meeting-house of this Society was built, at the southwest corner of Second and Market Streets. This was styled, by those unfavourable to Friends' principles, the "Quaker Cathedral;" "but," says Watson, "great as were the ideas of the primitive population, it was removed, in friends' meeting-houses. 281 1755, to build still greater. The meetings, in time/' lie con- tinues, " were so disturbed by the noise and turmoil of the increased population, that it was deemed expedient to sell the property;" which was done in 1808, when the present large meeting-house, on Arch near Fourth Street, was erected. The Friends' meeting-houses are all remarkable for their plain and substantial appearance. The following will be found to embrace all those in the city, at present. Friends' Meeting-House, Fourth and Arch Streets. The burial-ground attached to this building is the oldest in Phila- delphia, with the exception of that belonging to the Swedes' Church, Southwark. William Penn spoke over the grave of the first person interred in it. Friends' Meeting-House, Ninth and Spruce Streets. Friends' Meeting-House, Twelfth between Chestnut and Market Streets. Friends' Meeting-House, Green near Fourth Street. Friends' Meeting-House, Sixth and Noble Streets. Friends' Meeting-House, Washington Street, opposite Washington Square. Friends' Meeting-House, Pine below Second Street. Friends' or Free Quakers' Meeting-House, Race below Fifth. Friends' or Free Quakers' Meeting-House, Arch and Fifth Streets. Friends' Meeting-House, West Philadelphia, near the forks of Westchester and Darby turnpike roads. Friends' Meeting-House, Main Street, Grermantown. Friends' Meeting-House, School Street, Grermantown. In addition to these, they have one in Byberry and two in Frankford. 24* 282 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. EPISCOPAL CHURCHES. The first church edifice of this denomination to which we call the attention of the reader, is that of the Gloria Dei, or Swedes' Church, situated in Swanson below Christian Street, near the Navy Yard. It is the oldest church in Philadelphia, having been erected in 1700. Its predecessor occupied the same site, and was erected in 1677, four years before the ar- rival of Penn's colony, in 1681. It was a log building, con- structed to serve both as a place of worship, and a block-house against the Indians. The burial-ground attached to the Gloria Dei, presents a striking contrast to the more modern cemeteries, in the rude, antique lettering of its grave-stones. While viewing this ancient edifice, the history of the past is powerfully recalled. The graves, scattered around, con- jure up many a scene of trial, encountered by those early pioneers. Here lie the remains of Alexander Wilson, the ornithologist : he desired to be buried in this churchyard, on account of its beautiful location and retirement ! The next in point of antiquity and historical interest is, Christ Church, in Second above Market Street. This church was organized under the auspices of the Rev. Mr. Clayton, in 1695. Its first place of worship was also a log building, which was subsequently enlarged and improved. This primitive structure gave place to the present stately edi- fice, which was commenced in 1727, and completed in 1753. The steeple is a graceful piece of architecture. It contains a chime of eight bells, purchased in England. They were brought to Philadelphia freight free, in the ship Matilda, Captain Budden, and in compliment to his generosity, as often as he arrived, in subsequent years, they rang forth a merry peal of welcome. The communion service of this church is very EPISCOPAL CHURCHES. 283 CHRIST CHURCH. interesting, part of it having been presented by Queen Anne, in 1708. St. Peter's Church, stands on the southwest corner of Third and Pine Streets. It was founded in the year 1758 as a 11 chapel of ease" to Christ Church. It has a venerable and imposing appearance. The spire is of modern construction, 284 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. and contains a chime of bells, presented by the late Mr. Wil- cox, for many years an extensive trader to China. St. James' Church, Seventh above Market Street, erected in 1809, is a plain brick structure, extending east and west ninety feet, and is sixty feet wide. The foundation of a spire has been laid, but it is doubtful whether it will ever be erected. St. Paul's Church, Third below Walnut Street. This edifice was built in the year 1762, by a few particular friends of the Rev. Dr. M'Clenaghan, as an Independent Episcopal Church. Church of the Epiphany, Schuylkill Eighth and Chestnut Streets, is a rich and imposing edifice, with a portico in the Doric order. Church op the Atonement, Summer and Schuylkill Sixth Streets. This is a new building, in the early English style. Grace Church, Twelfth and Cherry Streets. St. Luke's Church, Thirteenth near Pine Street. This is one of the most beautiful and commodious church edifices in Philadelphia. The portico is a fine example of the Corin- thian order. Church of the Ascension, Lombard above Eleventh Street. Church of the Mediator, Schuylkill Fourth and Lom- bard Streets. St. Philip's Church, Vine Street, near Franklin Square. St. Andrew's Church, Eighth near. Spruce Street. The facade of this building is one of the most perfect specimens of the Grecian Ionic order in this city. It is copied from the celebrated Temple of Bacchus at Teos. It consists of a portico of six fluted columns in enstyle, with a strictly copied entabla- ture, embracing all the enrichments and members of the ori= EPISCOPAL CHURCHES. 285 ginal. The portico is approached by a flight of six marble steps, extending the whole width of the front. The main entrance is fourteen feet by twenty-five ; subdivided into seven horizontal compartments of four panels each. The fascios of the panels are bold, and enriched with the egg moulding, the stiles and rails are studded with rivets, giving the whole the character of strength. The nave is planned with middle and side aisles, the seats being disposed in simple parallelograms, running east and west; their general appearance is that of a Grecian lounge. The front of the gallery is divided, on each side, into five equal divisions, forming an elongated panel, each enriched with carved mouldings. The columns supporting the gallery are composed of a cluster of palm leaves, turning over at the top, thus forming the capital ; over each is introduced a wreath, the whole supporting a light and graceful entablature. In the west end of the church, facing the entrance, are placed the pulpit and chancel. The whole of the interior entrance is 17 by 25 feet. The principal feature in this design is two large columns, with their pilasters and entablatures, copied from ;he Temple of Minerva Polius at Athens, and executed with ill the enrichments, without the slightest deviation from the 3roportions given in " Stewart's Athens." The pulpit, read- ng-desk, and communion table, are elegantly executed. The )rgan loft occupies the east end of the building, over the ves- ibule. The front of the organ represents a Grecian lyre, landing on a pedestal, between a cluster of pipes, forming hemselves into a tower, surmounted by leaves, with a vase at ;ach wing. This design is highly and richly finished, and orms one of the chief ornaments of the church. In the rear of the main edifice is an additional building, rected within the last few years. It affords a commodious estry-room, school-room, &c. The lot on which the church 286 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. stands, is enclosed in front by a neat iron railing, and on each side of the church it is laid out in burial lots. Mr. Haviland was the architect of St. Andrew's, and it cer- tainly reflects credit on his taste and skill. St. Stephen's Church, Tenth below Market Street. This imposing and beautiful Gothic structure was erected and con- secrated in the year 1823. The front on Tenth Street consists of two octangular towers, eighty-six feet in height, comprising five stories, with windows and offsets, terminating in an em- battled parapet. The towers are connected by a screen wall, thirty feet wide, by sixty high. There are three doors of entrance, over which there are three large windows, formed with a recessed arch, twenty-four feet wide, by thirty-six in height. On each flank are the windows of the north and south aisles, separated by mullions into four compartments, and decorated with panelled tracery. A vestibule communi- cates with a stairway in each tower, leading to the gallery and organ loft. From the vestibule there are three screen doors, which open into the body of the church. The interior is highly finished. On entering, the contrast between the open sky, and the pervading shade, is so striking as to immediately arrest the attention. This light has a pleasing effect, from its perfect harmony with the peculiarities of the architecture Here it is poured in a golden flood through the deeply-stained and richly-coloured glass of the windows ) — it darts through the arches, streams across the aisles, illuminating the minutest ornaments of the lofty roof : everything is gilded with lustre. The chancel and pulpit form the principal decorations of the eastern end, being richly finished with reversed screen panel' and clustered columns, supporting four canopies. The large window behind the pulpit is filled with beautifully-stained glass. This window is flanked by recessed panels, containing marble tablets, upon which the Lord's Prayer, and the Creed EPISCOPAL CHURCHES. 287 are engraved. The gallery screen is parallel with the sides of the church, connected in a semicircular form on the west end. It is enriched with perforated tracery and panel-work, and is supported by clustered columns, the front reed of each column rising above the capital, and terminating in a canopy, on a level with the top rail of the screen. From the upper part of the windows, on the flanks, spring the massy ribs which sus- tain the roof ; each rib is supported by brackets, and termi- nates in a pendant, the spandrels being pierced with panels. These ribs, brackets, and pendants, being regularly disposed along the ceiling, dividing it into so many compartments, pro- duce a rich and beautiful effect. The organ loft is on the west end, over the vestibule. It is capable of containing eighty choristers, and is amply lighted by the three front windows. St. John's Church, St. John's and Brown Street, is a neat and substantial edifice, decorated with a portico of two columns in front. Church of the Advent, Old York Road above Tam- many Street. St. Mark's Church, Locust near Schuylkill Seventh Street. This beautiful Gothic structure was erected in 1849, md consecrated to its high and holy use, as a house of prayer, \Iay 21st, 1850 ; on which occasion there were sixty-one cler- gymen present — twenty-seven of them, in surplices, filling the loble chancel, and adding much to the solemnity of the scene. The building is of that order of Gothic architecture known as he "decorative," which prevailed at a period when it may be aid that this order attained its highest point of graceful pro- ■ortion and luxuriant beauty. The churches of that age were istinguished for their fine proportions and beauty of interior ffect : the style is therefore valued by the artist for its fine )rms of adaptation to sacred edifices of every size and cost, x>m the parish church to the gorgeous cathedral. 288 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. ST. mark's church. St. Mark's is situated on the north side of Locust Street, on a lot of ample size, which is enclosed from the street by aii ornamental iron railing. The building extends east and west 150 feet; and its breadth, including the tower, is 91 feet. It is constructed entirely of freestone, neither paint nor plaster having been used internally or externally, — the inside walk EPISCOPAL CHURCHES. 289 being lined with dressed stone, and the woodwork of solid oak. The tower is in the position of a south porch j and through it is the principal entrance, by a richly moulded doorway, orna- mented with foliated shafts in the jambs. The windows of the aisles and clerestory on the flank are of two lights, divided by mullions of stone, which are foliated in the arch, showing a variety of elegant patterns. They have also moulded stone jambs. The church has a most imposing appearance, as viewed from the southeast : its lofty tower and tapering spire are thence seen in all their beauty. Upon the elegance of these peculiar features of Gothic architecture it is needless to dwell. The page of romance is filled with descriptions of the "heaven- directed spire j" — the artist cannot draw a landscape, the poet an Arcadian region, nor the novelist a fairy-land, in which the spire is not introduced. Of the beauty of St. Mark's tower and spire, all are competent judges. From the plain and solid buttress, as it rises from the ground, to the beautifully-exe- cuted tracery adorning the top of the tower, from whence the spire ascends, the eye knows not where to stop. It wanders in delight from the distant vane to the massive base, and ob- serves every part, melting into, as it were, and harmonizing with the other. It meets with nothing to offend, nothing to disturb it. Here are no occult angles, to attract and disturb the attention ; no awkward attempts at grandeur, to provoke a smile. This tower and spire, in connexion with the edifice, we consider among the happiest efforts of its accomplished architect, John Notman, Esq. The whole is beautifully and justly proportioned. The interior is remarkable for its chaste simplicity and ele- gance. It is divided into a chancel, nave, and aisle. The chancel is furnished with stalls for twenty-four seats ; there is also an arcade of three niches, forming the ancient sedilia, and 25 290 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. a recess, to be used as a credence table. The altar is of stone, covered with a rich velvet cloth, exquisitely wrought in gold. Above the altar is the great east window, of five lights, with mullions and foliated tracery in stone ; this is filled with ex- ceedingly rich stained glass, of the most magnificent colours; it contains the figures of our Saviour and the Apostles Peter, Paul, and John, together with that of St. John the Bap- tist. The brilliancy of the drapery in these portraits is re- markable, although we think the shading too heavy j for we must remember that a stained-glass window is not a mere pic- ture, but a means of admitting light ; modified and tempered, it is true, but still light, for the building to which it apper- tains. The nave is twenty-eight feet wide, and one hundred feet long. The north and south aisles are each fourteen feet wide by one hundred long.. The divisions are in seven bays on each side ; the piers and arches are of cut stone, supporting the clerestory, with bracket-shafts for the roof-timbers. The roof is open-timbered, with moulded hammer and collar-beams. The north aisle connects with the organ aisle by a fine stone arch, which is also open to the chancel. The seats are of oak; plain, but of suitable design. The windows are all glazed in lead, having borders and tracery in coloured glass, exhibiting a great variety of beautiful patterns. The great west window is of four lights. It contains the figures of the four Evange- lists. The tracery is also filled with fine glass. The drawing and pictorial effects of these figures are exquisite specimens of the art. The whole of this noble window is rich in harmony and effect, and gives an admirable finish to the entire structure. The prayer-desk is of an elegant design, corresponding to the pulpit, both of which are of carved oak, and of octagonal form. The pulpit is raised on a stone base, on the north side of the chancel arch. A movable lantern stands between the tv o, from which the lessons are read. The whole floor is laid in EPISCOPAL CHURCHES. 291 tile, of a great variety of colours and patterns. These tiles were imported by Mr. S. A. Harrison, No. 146 Walnut Street. We hope to see them generally introduced into our public buildings, since they are admirably adapted to the climate, and can be obtained at about one-half the cost of marble, while they have a more beautiful effect. The cost of this building, not including the tower and spire, was $30,000. It is the private enterprise of five individuals, members of the congregation. St. Jude's Church, in Franklin above Brown Street, be- tween Seventh and Eighth Streets, is built in the early English Gothic style, with the high, pointed roof. Its form is that of a Latin cross, forty-two feet front on Franklin Street, ex- tending that width to the transepts, which are forty feet deep, where it widens to eighty feet. The head of the cross beyond the chancel will form a Sunday-school building when it is completed : the whole length of the structure then will be one hundred and twelve feet, from east to west. The entrances are through the tower (which it is intended to surmount with a spire), and through the corresponding porch on the north side. The church is slightly elevated from the street, and is without basement. The roof inside is open-timbered. Church of the Nativity, Eleventh and Washington Streets. This is another beautiful Gothic structure, highly creditable to its architect, N. Le Brun, Esq., under whose superintendence it was erected. Church of the Redemption, northwest corner of Callow- hill and Schuylkill Front Streets, is another specimen of the early English style. The building, however, is small, and one of the least expensive kind. Church of the Messiah, Port Richmond, is also a Gothic building, every way worthy of the flourishing district of its location. 292 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. St. Matthew's Church, is beautifully situated in Francis- ville, near the G-irard College. It is a neat little country church. Church of Emanuel, is located in Marlborough above Franklin Street. Church of the Evangelists, Fifth above Catharine Street. Trinity Church, Catharine near Second Street. All Saints Church, Twelfth below Fitzwater Street. German Episcopal Church, Charlotte above Poplar Street. St. Mary's Church, West Philadelphia. Church of St. James the Less. — This is another beautiful Gothic structure, situated near the Falls of Schuylkill. Church of the Crucifixion, Seventh near Bedford Street, This is a Free Mission Church, for the coloured population of the southern section of our city. This mission commenced originally amongst the most destitute and depraved of the coloured race. It has, however, gradually extended its iuflu- ence, and now comprises a respectable congregation, and a flourishing Sabbath school. The present edifice is of modern construction. It is a plain but substantial building, capable of seating about five hundred persons. St. Thomas's Church (African), Fifth below Walnut Street. The Floating Church of the Redeemer. — This novel yet beautiful structure lies at the foot of Spruce Street. It is a free church, designed for seamen and their families. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES. This Church was established in the city of Philadelphia as early as the year 1695. The first congregation was organized, and held their primary meetings, in a small frame building, one PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES. 293 story high, which for many years stood on the northwest corner of Chestnut and Second Streets. Mr. Jedediah Andrews was their first regular pastor. This congregation having increased in number, erected, in the year 1704, the building which for- merly stood in Market Street, between Second and Third Streets. This was a spacious edifice, built in the Grecian style. During the religious excitement occasioned by the preaching of the Key. Gr. Whitfield, there was a division in this society, and a part withdrew, under the name of the " New School," to Mr. Whitfield's meeting-house. This building was known in after years, as " the Old Academy," in Fourth below Arch Street. In 1750, the New School, then under the pastoral care of the Rev. Gr. Tennent, erected the church that lately stood on the northwest corner of Third and Arch Streets. This edi- fice was long known as the " new meeting-house." Subse- quently this congregation became reconciled to the parent stock, to which they were reunited, under the name of the Second Presbyterian Church. The Third Church, situated in Pine Street, between Fourth and Fifth Streets, was esta- blished by the Market Street congregation, to accommodate that portion of their members " living on the hill." The Presbyterian Church, since its establishment in this city, has been eminently prosperous, no sect having exercised a more salutary influence in the cause of humanity and reli- gion. The First Presbyterian Church is beautifully situated in Locust Street, opposite Washington Square. It is a brick building, roughcast to imitate marble. The front elevation is said to be a copy of the celebrated Ionic temple on the river Illyssus, at Athens. The structure is eighty-eight feet in length, by seventy-one in width ; the vestibule and principal entrance, thirty-seven by thirty-two. The pulpit is placed at 294 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. the south end and is constructed in a segment of a circle. This building is one of the most commodious in the city. The Second Presbyterian Church, in Seventh below Arch Street, we have no hesitation in pronouncing one of the most elegant places of worship in Philadelphia, remarkable alike for chaste simplicity and beautiful proportions. The Third Church is located in Pine near Fourth Street. The Fourth Church is a plain brick building in Lombard near Thirteenth Street. The Fifth Church, Arch above Tenth Street. This im- posing building was erected in the year 1823. It is beauti- fully situated on one of the most elevated parts of the city, to which its steeple is highly ornamental, exhibiting in one view in their proper grades, from the base to the summit, the Doric, the Ionic, the Corinthian, and the Composite orders of architecture. The height of the tower and spire is 165 feet. The building extends ninety-one feet north and south, by sixty-five in width. Its design comprises simplicity and ele- gance, in a degree and manner well suited to the sacred uses for which it was erected. A large and important addition has been made to this church during the past year, by the erection of a building, to accommodate the Sunday Schools, on the rear of the lot. The Sixth Church is in Spruce near Sixth Street. The Seventh, or Penn Square Presbyterian Church, is situated on the corner of Broad and Olive Streets. The style of architecture, fine proportions, and chaste appearance which characterize this edifice, attract the notice and elicit the admiration of our citizens. It is justly esteemed among the ornaments of Philadelphia. The principal front, on Broad Street, consists of a Corinthian portico of eight columns, so disposed as to have a return column at each angle and to partly surround the massive foundation of a steeple, which it is in- tended to erect in a short time. The approach to this portico SEVENTH PBESBITERIAN CHURCH. 296 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. is by a flight of thirteen steps. The walls and flanks are embellished with pilasters, the whole supporting an entablature enriched with ornaments peculiar to classic architecture. In the basement are ample and convenient rooms for the Sabbath School, and lecture-rooms. The principal story is finished in an elegant and chaste style, being in conformity with the ex- terior. The pulpit rests upon a basement, four feet in height, supporting a screen of four Corinthian pillars, whose rich enta- blature extends to the ceiling, which is panelled in the most beautiful manner, the whole presenting an imposing appearance, heightened by the exquisite proportions and harmony of colour which reign throughout. The steeple intended to surmount the structure will rise to the altitude of 215 feet; it will be octagonal throughout in its plan, viz., — a panelled pedestal base, supporting a story consisting of a monopteral portico of eight columns, above the screen wall and entablature of which, the spire will be built. This beautiful edifice was designed by and erected under the superintendence of N. Le Brun, Esq., architect, and is one of the first of his construction in this city. The Eighth, or Scots' Presbyterian Church, in Spruce above Third Street, was erected before the War of Indepen- dence. During the occupancy of this city by the British, it was fitted up as an army hospital. In the year 1843 it was considerably enlarged and embellished, according to designs furnished by N. Le Brun, Esq. The building presents a front elevation consisting of a recessed portico, in the Compo- site order, surmounted by a pediment, and flanked by panelled wings. From the portico, access is obtained to the audience- chamber through the vestibule, on each end of which are stairs leading to the galleries. The interior of the church is finished in a simple yet chaste manner. The pulpit is embel- lished with a screen of Ionic columns. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES. 297 The Ninth Presbyterian Church is on the northwest corner of Schuylkill Seventh and George Streets. The Tenth Presbyterian Church is on the northeast corner of Twelfth and Walnut Streets. The Eleventh Presbyterian Church, situated in Vine below Thirteenth Street, was considerably improved and em- bellished during the year 1850. It now presents, to some extent, an ornamental appearance. The Twelfth Presbyterian Church is situated in Cedar (or South) above Eleventh Street. The Central Presbyterian Church. — This is a large and imposing edifice, situated on the corner of Cherry and Eighth Streets. Clinton Street Presbyterian Church is eligibly located on the corner of Tenth and Clinton Streets. The Western Presbyterian Church, Schuylkill Sixth and Filbert Streets. Associate Presbyterian Church. — This is a new and tasty brick edifice, situated on the northwest corner of Schuyl- kill Fifth and Filbert Streets. Logan Square Presbyterian Church, Schuylkill Third and Vine Streets, is a beautiful building, in the Grecian order, erected from designs furnished by Mr. Cummings, architect. Spring Garden Presbyterian Church, Eleventh above Spring Garden Street. The imposing portico of this Church is justly admired ; and the building is, altogether, one of the jhief ornaments of the flourishing District of Spring Garden. Green Hill Presbyterian Church, situated in Girard Avenue above Schuylkill Seventh Street, is a new and elegant jrothic edifice. Union Presbyterian Church, Thirteenth near Budd Street. 298 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. First Presbyterian Church (Northern Liberties), But- tonwood above Fifth Street. Central Presbyterian Church (Northern Liberties), Coates below Fourth Street. North Presbyterian Church (Northern Liberties), Sixth below Coates Street. Penn Presbyterian Church, Tenth above Poplar Street. First Presbyterian Church (Kensington), Palmer above Queen Street. Second Presbyterian Church (Kensington), York, east of Front Street. First Presbyterian Church (Southwark), German above Second Street. Second Presbyterian Church (Southwark), Third below Federal Street. Reformed Presbyterian Church, Eleventh below Mar- ket Street. First Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church, Walnut above Fourth Street. Second Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church, Spruce between Third and Fourth Streets. Third Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church, Thirteenth above Market Street. Fourth Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church, Linn near Schuylkill Front Street. Fifth Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church, Lombard between Schuylkill Third and Fourth Streets. Cumberland Presbyterian Church (Spring Garden), Franklin near Green Street. First Independent Presbyterian Church, Broad and George Street. Second Independent Presbyterian Church, Thirteenth near Melon Street. PRESBYTERIAN BOARD OF PUBLICATION. 299 Reformed Presbyterian Church, Cherry below Eleventh Street. Reformed Presbyterian Church, Schuylkill Front near Callowhill Street. First Associate Presbyterian Church (Northern Li- berties), Frankford Road near Phoenix Street. Second Associate Presbyterian Church (Northern Li- berties), Jefferson near Oxford Street. Associate Presbyterian Church (Southwark), Fifth above Washington Street. Cohocksink Presbyterian Church, Germantown Road above Fifth Street. Presbyterian Church, Port Richmond. Presbyterian Church, Germantown. Presbyterian Church, Mantua. This building is beau- tifully situated on Bridge Street. West Philadelphia Presbyterian Church, is situated 3n Chestnut Street, Hamilton Tillage. First African Presbyterian Church, Seventh below Shippen Street. Second African Presbyterian Church, Lombard near Ninth Street. Third African Presbyterian Church, St. Mary above ■sixth Street. In addition to the above, there is a Presbyterian Church in 3ridesburg, one in Frankford, and one in Manayunk, besides everal societies, which, having no regular place of worship, aeet occasionally in some of the numerous Halls in the city. Presbyterian Board of Publication Building, 265 Chestnut Street. This is a handsome edifice constructed of rown stone, four stories high, 25 feet front by 174 feet deep, in effigy of an open Bible ornaments the front, bearing the ppropriate inscription Sit Lux, which signifies " Let there 300 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. be light." This may be considered, though only an executive branch, the " local habitation'' of the Presbyterian Church which quoad cavilia is a corporation of Pennsylvania, though in its sacred character it knows no boundaries but those of the human family. This Building contains the offices of the Board of Publica- tion, the Board of Education, and the Board of Domestic Missions; the fourth Board, that of Foreign Missions, being located at 23 Centre Street, New York. Pause upon the massive pavement, before we enter; for beneath us, in fire-proof safes, are deposited the immortal works of Calvin, Owen, Flavel, Baxter, Bunyan, and other- famed in Church History. The store is large and conveniently fitted up. Here, if you have any taste for good reading, you will find many valuable works. Proceeding onward, we come to the office of the periodi- cals of the Church, viz., the Home and Foreign Record, and Presbyterian Sabbath School Visitor; still farther back is Hi private room of the Publishing Agent. This effort of the Church to supply a healthy religious literature for the people, is worthy of the noblest support. In the second story are the offices of the Corresponding Sec- retary, and General Agent, together with the Library, consisting of a valuable collection of standard books in Divinity, History, and Natural Sciences. The third story contains the apartments occupied by A Board of Education, the object of which is to supply the Church with an educated Ministry: for that end it assists young men of approved character and talents, through the whole of their education. It has at present under its care about 388 persons. In this story, the offices of the Secretaries and Treasur jr 1 the Board of Domestic Missions is also located. This is r ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHES. 301 of the most important Boards of this Church, as upon its efforts their prosperity mainly depends. During the year 1850 it has supported 591 missionaries in their labours, sup- plied 1113 churches, 49 of which were constituted within that year, and within the past twenty-one years, it has been instrumen- tal in the organization of 943 churches, aiding in the erection of 1484 houses of worship, into which upwards of 40,000 persons have been received on confession of their faith. We have previously noticed the establishment of the first Presbyterian church in this city in the year 1695 : there are now in connexion with it, in Pennsylvania, 2675 churches, 2027 ministers, and 210,306 communicants, reported to the General Assembly. Other parts of the building are occupied by the Board of Publication, for store-rooms, workshops, &c. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHES. The diocese of this communion embraces the eastern dis- trict of Pennsylvania, West New Jersey, and the State of Delaware. Cathedral Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Schuyl- kill Pifth Street, between Race and Summer Streets. This vast edifice, now in progress of construction, was commenced in September, 1846 ; and although each year, since that date, considerable progress has been made in the work, it is at present not more than one-third advanced towards completion. It was designed by N. Le Brun, Esq., and the whole interior of the building, which when finished will be in the highest degree grand and magnificent, is progressing according to the original design. The plan of the edifice is that of the modern Roman cruci- form churches, having in the centre a great nave. The vault over the nave and transepts will be about seventy-eight feet 20 302 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. high, cylindrical and panelled. Over the intersection of the cross vaults, there is to be a pendentive dome, one hundred and twenty-five feet high. The side aisles and transepts arc ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHES. 303 divided from the nave by massive piers. The piers support the arches on which the clerestory is built ; these piers are to he richly ornamented with foliated moulding, &c. ; they will be further relieved by fluted pilasters, of the Corinthian order, with enriched bases and capitals. These pilasters will sup- port an entablature, including the architrave, frieze, cornice, and blocking-course ; over which will spring the vaulted semi- circular ceiling. The sanctuary at the east end will be fifty feet square, and the high altar, which will be exceedingly magnificent, is to be within it. The light thoughout the building is mainly to be introduced through the lanterns of the great dome, the small pendentive domes over the aisles, and large semicircular win- dows at the west end. The richest style of the Roman Corin- thian order will prevail throughout the building. The front, on Schuylkill Fifth Street, is a beautiful design, by John Not- man, Esq., of a highly decorative character, very creditable to that gentleman's taste and skill. The plan consists of a por- tico of four gigantic columns, sixty feet high, and six feet in diameter, finished with richly-sculptured bases and capitals ; over these will be an entablature and pediment, in corresponding architectural taste. On the frieze will be engraved the words Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam. The apex of the pediment will be surmounted by a colossal figure of the Saviour, and on the opposite angles will be the statues of two angels, in a kneeling position. The main entrance will be approached by a flight of nine steps, forty-eight feet long. Over the central doorway will be the large west window, and over the side doors will be niches to receive the figures of the patron saints of the church, St. Peter and St. Paul. These niches, together with the door- ways and the large window, will be relieved with a bold and richly-executed architrave. The wings, which will be lower than the central fayade, are also to be decorated with columns, 304 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. pilasters, and entablatures, and surmounted by towers ; these towers will rise to the altitude of one hundred and ten feet. In front of these wings, are also floriated niches, to contain statues of the " great fathers of the Church. " The principal dome will form an imposing feature in the exterior view. It will rise to the height of two hundred and ten feet ; and will be surrounded by a row of columns, thirty feet high, support- ing an enriched entablature. Between these columns will be the windows to light the centre of the building. This imrnen.se dome is to be highly ornamented, both internally and exter- nally. Its effect will impart a grandeur of appearance un- equalled by any other building in the country. Church of St. John the Evangelist, Thirteenth, above Chestnut Street, is a large and imposing edifice, built in the Gothic style, stuccoed in imitation of marble. St. Augustine's Church, Fourth Street, between Race and Vine Streets, is constructed of brick, with a tower in the centre of the front, which it is intended to surmount with a very handsome steeple. The whole of the exterior is very chaste and simple. The interior is arranged in the usual manner of modern churches ; the sanctuary, however, is novel in design and arrangement. It is much admired. The co- lumns supporting the dome over it, are of Scagliola marble, the capitals of which, together with the entablature over them, are richly carved and gilded. The design of this beautiful feature of this church, is copied from the much-admired remains of the Temple of Jupiter Olympus at Rome. The whole of the interior is painted in distemper, presenting an exceedingly rich and ornamental appearance. The former church occupying this site was destroyed by fire in 1844. The present building was erected from designs by N. Le Brun, Esq., in 1848. The Chapel of Our Lady of Consolation, is a neat ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHES. 305 brick edifice, adjoining St. Augustine's, on Crown Street. It is used for the Sunday schools and confraternities of the con- gregation of that church. St. Mary's Church. — This is a brick building, erected in 1763; it is situated in Fourth Street, between Walnut and Spruce Streets. St. Joseph's Church, Willing* s Alley, between Spruce and Walnut Streets, back of Fourth Street. Trinity Church, Sixth and Spruce Streets, is an antique- looking building. The remains of the late Stephen Girard were interred in the burial-ground attached to this church, from whence they were removed, in 1851, to the College founded by his beneficence. St. Patrick's Church, Schuylkill Third above Spruce Street. St. Francis Xavier's Church, near Fairmount. St. Philip de Neri's Church, Queen above Second Street. St. Paul's Church, Christian below Tenth Street. This is a new and ornamental building, constructed of brick, in the Gothic style. St. Peter's Church (German). — This building, situated at the corner of Franklin Avenue and Fifth Street, was com- menced in the year 1843, and the interior completed in 1847. The length of the church is one hundred and seventy feet, the width of the nave sixty-eight feet, and of the front seventy- eight feet. The style of architecture adopted in the interior is that known as the " classic Roman," though the exterior possesses a Byzantine character in its appearance. The roofs of several portions of the building, such as the vestibules, nave, sanctuaries, &c, being of different levels, impart a pic- turesque appearance to the whole structure. There is a large and massive tower in the centre of the front, which is at present one hundred and twenty-five feet high; but, when 26* 306 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. finished according to the design of the architect, it will reach the height of two hundred and twenty feet. In the basement story is a chapel, capable of accommodating four hundred per- sons, and two apartments appropriated to the use of the Sunday schools. The main story is very rich and grand in appearance. The height of the interior is forty-four feet, the entablature and the panelled and coved ceiling being supported by a multi- tude of fluted Composite pilasters, three feet wide, which are raised upon panelled pedestals, nine feet high. The sanctuary in the east end is thirty-five feet deep, within the ceiling, and is ornamented with windows filled with beautifully-stained glass. There are three altars. The high altar is of Italian marble, the table of which is supported upon eight Doric columns. The tabernacle represents a cyclostyle Corinthian temple. Under the table of the altar, and between the columns, is a marble sarcophagus. This church could accom- modate two thousand persons ; but from the ample dimensions of the pews and aisles, the number of seats is considerably limited. The whole of the superstructure was designed and erected by N. Le Brun, Esq. In the architectural portion of the building, the proportions and arrangements are exact and skilful, whilst the decorative part is equally to be admired. Attached to this church are several buildings for the accom- modation of the religious order of the Redemptionists, who have the church under charge. One of these buildings — that on the south side — is designed and built, although on a limited scale, according to the rules required for monastic establish- ments. Church of the Assumption, Spring Garden above Eleventh Street, is a new building, much noted for its rich and imposing appearance. It is constructed of brown stone, in the decorated Gothic style of architecture. St. Ann's Church, Richmond. BAPTIST CHURCHES. 307 St. Michael's Church, Jefferson and Hancock Street, Kensington. To the above may be added, St. Mary's Church, Pas- syunk Road; Catholic Church at Nicetown, N. L.; German Catholic Church, at Bridesburg; Catholic Church at Germantown; Catholic Church at Frankford; Catholic Church, Robison Street, Manayunk; St. Mary's Church, Oak Street, Manayunk; and the new Catholic Church, in Chestnut Street, West Philadelphia. BAPTIST CHURCHES. The first settlers of this respectable denomination who arrived in Philadelphia, came from Radnorshire, in England, and Killarney, in Ireland, in the year 1686. This infant colony settled on the banks of the Pennypack Creek. In 1698, nine persons assembled in Philadelphia, and formed themselves into a church, under the pastoral charge of Dr. John Watts. Their early meetings were held in the "Old Barbadoes lot store," on the corner of Second and Chestnut Streets. They subsequently united their interest with the Presbyterians, so as to meet in the same building for worship, as often as either could procure a preacher. This partnership continued for about three years, when the society under notice removed to "Anthony Morris's brewhouse," which was occu- pied occasionally as a mariner's chapel. This building stood on the east side of "Water Street, near Dock Creek. In this humble location they continued their labours until the year 1707, when, by invitation of the followers of George Keith, they united in erecting a more commodious place of meeting, on the site of the present First Baptist Church, in Lagrange Place, Second below Arch Street. Here they continued to worship, the Keithians uniting with them, until the year 1731, 308 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. when, the building being too small, it was removed, and a much larger one erected. This edifice has subsequently been enlarged. The Baptists, in olden times, performed the solemn rite of immersion in the Kiver Schuylkill, at the foot of Spruce Street. The place was long celebrated for rural beauty. It is described by a gentleman, in 1770, as being "a spot where immense trees, principally oaks, afford a fine shade, while all around is variegated with shrubs and wild flowers. Near the water is a large stone, elevated about three feet, made level on the top by art, with steps hewn out at one side to ascend. " Around this druidical pulpit the people assembled to pray, and upon it the preacher stood to address them. This was not only a con- venient place for the purpose of baptism, but was also a de- lightful resort in summer. The British army, in 1777, destroyed the grove for fuel, and the place is now occupied by coal wharves, in one of which "the stone of witness" is buried for ever. The following comprises the churches of this communion iu Philadelphia at present : The First Baptist Church, Lagrange Place, Second below Arch Street. Second Baptist Church, Fifth below Carpenter Street, South wark. Sansom Street Baptist Church, Sansom above Eighth Street, from the originality of its design, deserves particular notice. The building is a rotunda, surmounted by a dome, crowned with a neat and ornamental cupola. The walls are of brick, and the dome is constructed upon the principle adopted in that of the famous Halle de Ble, at Paris. Above the walls, which are fifty feet high, three risers encircle the edifice, before the swell of the dome appears. In front and rear of the rotunda, square projections come forward, — that in BAPTIST CHURCHES. 309 front to afford a vestibule and passage-way for the stairs leading to the galleries, and that in the rear to provide space for the vestry-rooms, &c. The front consists of a recessed portico, flanked by wings, which are surmounted by cupolas. The principal entrance is by a flight of marble steps, into the portico, — which is of the Ionic order. On the east and west ends of this portico, are the stairs, leading to the upper part of the building. In front is the large door, leading to the baptistery and pulpit ; east and west aisles run parallel with this. The baptistery is in the centre of the circle, surrounded by an open balustrade. The pulpit, at the south end, is supported by a screen of columns. The galleries encircle the nave of the church, except that section occupied by the pulpit. The pews in the body of the building, are so disposed as to run parallel with its transverse diameter. The number of these pews, together with those in the galleries, is three hundred and twenty, which, with the free sittings, will contain with comfort, up- wards of two thousand, five hundred persons. The structure is amply lighted by large square windows below, and an arcade of semicircular windows above the galleries. The lintels of the dome light the centre, and ventilate the whole church . The base of the dome is encompassed by a broad dental band, mouldings, &c. The soffit of the cupola is also enriched with mouldings. The design of this building was furnished by Mr. Mills ; the first American architect, regularly educated to the profession, in this city. He studied under Mr. Latrobe. Third Baptist Church, Second below Queen Street. Spruce Street Baptist Church, Spruce above Fourth Street. This building, as it now stands, forms the most pro- minent architectural feature of the line of Spruce Street. The original edifice, erected in 1829, was considered a credi- table specimen of church architecture of that date. 310 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. SPRUCE STREET BAPTIST CHURCH. The alterations which impart its present imposing appear- ance, consist in a large addition to the north end, and an entire remodelling of the interior and exterior. The new front, from the design of T. U. Walter, Esq., United States Architect, at Washington, and executed by his successor in Philadelphia, BAPTIST CHURCHES. 311 R. Morris Smith, consists of a basement of Connecticut granite, 11 feet 6 inches in height, over which rises a principal story or order, and an attic order. The principal story is 28 feet 6 inches in height, flanked by two square projections, and pene- trated in the centre by the great entrance door, which is 20 feet in height, with an entablature resting on heavy consoles. This story finishes in a cornice supported by plain console-modillions, and is surmounted by the attic order. The cornice of this last, forming the sky-outline of the building, is of a bold and simple character. Two cupolas, rising to a total height of ninety feet above the pavement, adorn and finish the front, and form prominent and picturesque objects in any point of view. The interior, executed from the designs and under the super- intendence of R. Morris Smith, is governed by the same cha-, racter of massive grandeur which marks the exterior. While an appropriate style reigns throughout, the ceiling is beauti- fully enriched : it is one of the most pleasing in the city ; where, in this portion of the structure, a striking effect has been attained in the small height of two feet, limited by the position of the old joists and window-openings, by the following simple arrangement. A cornice of three feet projection runs along the tops of the windows, and sustains beyond it a range of raised panelling around the room, perforated by caissons. The large ventilator in the centre is surrounded by a circle of radiating, enriched panels. Light to the north gallery has been ob- tained through the caissons of the ceiling, from a sky-light in the roof. Schuylkill Baptist Church, corner of Lombard and Ashton Streets. Tabernacle Baptist Church, Schuylkill Sixth above Chestnut Street. German Baptist Church, Crown near Callowhill Street. 312 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. New Market Street Baptist Church, New Market above Noble Street. Hope Baptist Church, New Market above Poplar Street, Northern Liberties. Tenth Baptist Church, Eighth above Green Street. Eleventh Baptist Church, Eleventh between Race and Vine Street, the last two are beautiful structures, in the mo- dern style. Mount Tabor Baptist Church, Sixth near Poplar Street Northern Liberties. Twelfth Baptist Church, Queen near Shackamaxon Street, Kensington. Broad Street Baptist Church. — This is a new building, in the Gothic style, which, when completed, will be highly ornamental to the beautiful neighbourhood of its locatiou, Broad above Coates Street. North Baptist Church, Sixth Street, near Girard Avenue, Spring Garden. West Kensington Baptist Church, Hancock above Franklin Street, Kensington. West Philadelphia Baptist Church. — This is a beau- tiful building, occupying one of the finest locations in the vicinity of Philadelphia, Chestnut below Park Street, Hamilton Village. In addition to these, there is a Baptist Church in Holmesburg, one in Frankford, one in Blockley, one in Rox- borough, one in Germantown, one on Passyunk Road, and one near Milestown. The First African Baptist Church, Eleventh near Pearl Street. The Second African Baptist Church, Little Pine Street. The Clifton Street African Baptist Church, Clifton near Pine Street. BAPTIST PUBLICATION SOCIETY. 313 The Fourth African Baptist Church, Lawrence Court. American Baptist Publication Society, Office and De- pository, 118 Mulberry or Arch Street. This Society was formed in 1839, its object being the publication and circulation of Baptist books and periodicals. The receipts for the year 1851, were 840,597 71, of which $18,098 were from book sales. The cash receipts from business operations paid all the expenses incurred in stereotyping, printing, binding, salaries of officers, &c. During the same year sixteen new publications were stereotyped or printed, embracing 2708 pages, together with 17,250 copies of the Baptist Almanac, and 20,000 copies of the Baptist Becord. The present value in books, &c, is $12,888, and in stereotype plates, $11,100. The Association employ twenty-seven colporteur missiona- ries, in seven states, Canada, and Oregon, in circulating these works; while nineteen ministers and Sunday school libra- ries have been furnished. In 1851, grants of books, &c, were made to the destitute in twenty-three states, also to foreign lands, — viz., South America, Hayti, France, Greece, China, Assam, Birmah, &c. The Society's building is a new and ornamental edifice, con- structed of brown sandstone. The facade has a pleasing ap- pearance, without being too ornate or expensive. The structure is four stories high, the first of which is occupied as the Depo- sitory ; the second embraces the Managers' room, and the office of the Corresponding Secretary. The upper floors are used as store-rooms, &c. We understand that it is in contemplation to erect an addition to the rear of the present building, so as to have all the work of the establishment done under the imme- diate supervision of the officers. The periodicals of this Society, published in Philadelphia, are, The Christian Chronicle, an able weekly, edited by Messrs. W. B. Jacobs and H. Lincoln, The Mother's Journal, published 27 314 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. monthly, edited by Mrs. M. J. Clark, and The Baptist Record, a quarterly, edited by T. S. Malcolm and I. N. Brown, Esqs. METHODIST CHURCHES. The first establishment of this communion in Philadelphia, was in the year 1769, by the Rev. Mr. Pilmore, then quite a young man, who was sent to this city as a missionary, by the Rev. John Wesley. Mr. Pilmore preached his first sermon from the State House steps, in Chestnut Street. He was early assisted in his pious labours by a British officer, named Webb, represented as a perfect Whitfield in declamation. The exertions of these gentlemen were attended with the most be- neficial results, in the reformation of the poorer classes, to whom they generally addressed themselves. We are told that many districts, proverbial for licentiousness, became, through their influence, examples of morality. The early meetings of this Society were held at an inn, situated in a court, which formerly ran from Arch to Cherry, near Fourth Street. The first building owned by them was the present St. George's Church, Fourth near New Street. They purchased it in an unfinished state, the building having been previously occupied by the British, as a cavalry riding-school. This church was long a cold and dreary-looking place, having been fitted up in 1 a rough and temporary manner. The pulpit stood about twenty feet from the east end ; — a writer notices it as being square, not unlike a watch-box with the top sawed off. During the early history of this Society, it had some re- markable revivals. Several eminent preachers from New York, Maryland, and New J ersey, frequently came to assist in the good work; among whom, none were more conspicuous than the celebrated Benjamin Abbot, of Salem, New Jersey. He delighted to come over, as he said, to assist in keeping alive METIIODIST CHURCHES. 315 the fire kindled in the church at Philadelphia. Mr. Watson, in his "Annals," describes Mr. Abbot as an aged disciple, with large and heavy eyebrows, eyes of flame, robust body, and great strength of voice, which, when exerted to the utmost while preaching, and an occasional stamp of the foot, "made the house ring." His eloquence is represented as fire, running through the assembly, his voice, like a trumpet sounding to battle, amid the shouts of victory and the cries of the van- quished. The clergymen of this branch of the Christian church at present in Philadelphia, are generally men of talent, inferior to none in fervour and devotion to their high calling. Their labours are eminently successful, — few churches in our city being more frequented by larger or more intelligent audiences ; none include more active members. The church edifices belonging to this communion, are more remarkable for convenience than for ornamental display; yet some of them can boast of considerable architectural beauty. The following list will be found to comprise all those of this denomination in Philadelphia. St. George's Church, Fourth below New Street. This was the first established Methodist meeting-house in this city. Salem Church, is a neat brick building, constructed in the modern style, on the north side of Lombard, between Thirteenth and Broad Streets. Nazareth Church, Thirteenth below Vine Streets. Union Church, Fourth below Arch Street, is one of the most elegant and commodious meeting-houses in the city. Trinity Church, Eighth above Race Street, is the most beautiful Methodist church in Philadelphia. It differs from the others of this Society, in having pews instead of free sittings. Western Church, Schuylkill Third below Walnut Street. 316 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. TRINITY METHODIST CHURCH. Fifth Street Church, Fifth near Green Street. Eighth Street Church, Eighth near Noble Street. Harmony Church, New Market above Laurel Street. St. John's Church, Third below G-eorge Street. Sanctuary Church, Fifth below Girard Street. Parrish Street Church, Parrish and Eighth Streets. Twelfth Street Church, Twelfth and Ogden Street. German Methodist Church, Second above Poplar Street. Old Brick Church, Queen and Marlborough Street. Methodist Church, Callowhill near Schuylkill Fourth Street. St. John's Church, northeast corner of Shippen and Penn Streets. Mount Zion Church, Monroe Street. LUTHERAN CHURCHES. 317 Wharton Street Church, Wharton near Third Street. Independent Church, Fifth below Washington Street. Ebenezer Church, Christian below Fourth Street. St. Paul's Church, Catharine above Sixth Street. John Wesley Church (African), Shippen above Seventh Street. Little Wesley Church (African), Hurst below Lombard Street. Zoar Church (African), Brown below Fourth Street. Methodist Church (African), Fifth and Coates Street. Bethel Church (African), Sixth above Lombard Street. Union Methodist Church (African), Little Pine above Sixth Street. Methodist Church (African), Locust Street, West Phila- delphia. To the above list may be added twenty-one churches, dis- tributed throughout the county, — making a total of fifty-three buildings. LUTHERAN CHURCHES. The first church of this communion in Philadelphia was erected in 1743. It yet remains, in Fifth above Arch Street. This antique edifice is seventy-two feet by forty-four, and twenty-two feet high to the eaves. During the occupancy of the city by the British, in 1777, it was the garrison-church; and, after the victory achieved by the Army of Independence at Yorktown, Congress went to it in a body, to return thanks to God. For a long period the services in this church were performed in the German language; but, owing to the in- creased number of members who did not learn the language of their ancestors, an attempt was made to have the services per- formed, at least once a day, in the English language. This 27* ST. mark's church. measure was resisted, and, in consequence, a large party with- drew, and erected the elegant St. John's Church, in Race Street, between Fifth and Sixth Streets. This is an imposing edifice, in the Roman style of architecture ; it is of brick, one hundred feet by sixty- seven. Zion Church, situated on the southeast corner of Cherry and Fourth Streets, is one of the most substantially-erected and commodious churches in Philadelphia. It is also of brick, of the Roman style, and is one hundred and seven feet long, seventy-one broad, and forty-four feet to the spring of the roof. It was intended to surmount this edifice with a steeple, the tower of which was partly erected with the build- GERMAN REFORMED CHURCHES. 319 ing in 1766. In 1777, the British army removed the pews, and occupied the "building as a temporary hospital. This church was destroyed by fire on the 26th of December, 1794 ; but the walls remaining entire and sound, it was rebuilt and much improved in 1795. The organ is one of the largest and best-toned in the city. St. Matthew's Church, New below Fourth Street. German Lutheran Church, Fourth below Thompson Street. Zion and St. Michael's, Brown and St. John Streets. St. Mark's Church. — This is a new and beautiful build- ing, situated on the south side of Spring Garden Street, west of Thirteenth Street. It is a brick structure, masticated. The front presents a fine specimen of the Romanesque style of ar- chitecture, characterized at once for simplicity and taste. Lutheran Church, Queen and Main Streets, German- town. St. Michael's Church, Main Street, Germantown. There is also a Lutheran Church in Frankford, one in Box- borough, and one in Passyunk. GERMAN REFORMED CHURCHES. The early establishment of this denomination in Philadel- phia County was in Germantown, where they erected a meet- ing-house in 1733. The First German Beformed Church erected in our city was in Bace below Fourth Street, in 1747. This edifice was octagonal in form, surmounted by a spire. It was removed in 1762, and a more commodious one erected, which, in 1837, gave place to the present neat brick structure. German Beformed Church, St. John near Green Street. There is also a German Beformed Church in Manayunk, and one in Boxborough. 320 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. DUTCH REFORMED CHURCHES. The First Dutch Reformed Church, Crown above Race Street, is a brick building, ninety by sixty feet. SECOND DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH. The Second Dutch Reformed Church, corner of Tenth and Filbert Streets, is a fine building. The facade, on Tenth Street, is ornamented with a beautiful Doric portico, resting on an elevated base. The interior will compare with that of any other church in the city, in point of taste ard finish. UNIVERSALIST CHURCHES. 321 MORAVIAN CHURCH. The first congregation of this communion that settled in North America, came from Berthelsdorf, a village belonging to Count Zinzendorf, in Upper Lusatia, whence they were ex- pelled by the Elector of Saxony. The instructions given to these exiles by the Count is worthy of notice. " Submit your- selves/' he said, " in all things, to the guidance of Grod ; pre- serve your liberty of conscience ; but avoid all religious dis- putes. Ever keep in view the call given you by God, — to preach the gospel of Christ to the heathen; and, further, en- deavour as much as possible to earn your own bread/' The first colony arrived in Pennsylvania in 1738, the larger portion of which settled at Bethlehem. In 1742, the members of the Society who had remained in Philadelphia erected the church which still stands on the corner of Race and Bread Streets. The Moravians, though few in number when compared with other sects, are yet noted for piety and industry. The burial- ground belonging to this church is situated on the corner of Vine and Franklin Streets. UNIVERSALIST CHURCHES. The First Universalist Church is situated in Lombard above Fourth Street. The Second Universalist Church, Callowhill between Fourth and Fifth Streets. Both of these buildings are of brick; the latter roughcast, in imitation of marble. This building is eighty feet long, sixty wide, and thirty-four high to the spring of the roof. The interior is neat, and the pulpit is handsomely decorated. The Third Universalist Church is a plain structure, situated in Phoenix near Amber Street, Kensington. 322 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. The Fourth Universalist Church, situated in Locust above Thirteenth Street, is a new edifice, in the Collegiate Gothic style, erected from designs by Mr. Walter. THE UNITARIAN CHURCH. The Unitarian Church, situated on the corner of Tenth and Locust Streets, is a beautiful building in the Grecian style. HEBREW SYNAGOGUES. The First Synagogue erected in the city, is situated in Cherry near Third Street. HEBREW SYNAGOGUES. 323 THE THIRD SYNAGOGUE. The Second Synagogue, situated in Juliana above Wood Street. The Third Synagogue, in Crown below Vine Street. This last is a new and imposing building, constructed of brown stone, in the Egyptian style. 324 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. The Bible Christians have a church, situated in Third below Thompson Street. The Disciples of Christ, Fifth and Gaskill Streets. The Covenanters have two places of worship in Phila- delphia, — one in Schuylkill Sixth near Race Street, and the other in Cherry Street, between Tenth and Eleventh Streets. The Menonists' or Dunkers' Church, in G-ermantown, has been established from an early day. New Jerusalem Church, Fourth below German Street Southwark. A Society of this denomination meet for worship at present, in Sansom Street Hall. In addition to the above religious societies in this city, there is the Union Chapel, Chestnut Hill, The Church of the United Brethren, Clinton above Poplar Street, and the Mariners' Church, "Water near Chestnut Street. THE BIBLE. Around the Bible centre a thousand lovely associations, thoughts, and feelings. It is the source of all true and lasting knowledge — the only true guide to happiness. The blessings of liberty and civilization cluster around and lie in its path. Where the Bible is read, there are wholesome laws, civil pros- perity, and social endearments. It is a teacher in schools, a counsellor in senates, and a cheerful friend at the fireside. It gives wisdom to the ignorant, confidence to the doubting, joy to the comfortless, light to the straying, and hope to the hope- less. The diffusion of the Bible in our midst, together with the means of its distribution, are here noticed. The first of these Institutions to which we direct attention, is The Pennsylvania Bible Society, which was established BIBLE SOCIETIES. 325 forty-three years ago. This noble Association has circulated in this state, since 1840, about 500,000 copies of the Sacred Scrip- tures. The number issued during the past year, was 38,583. The receipts in the same period, have amounted to $26,897 85. It has in connexion with it 120 auxiliaries throughout the state. Orders and communications should be addressed to Wilfred Hall, Depository Agent, 144 Chestnut Street. The Philadelphia Bible Society, formed in 1838, stands in the position of a county organization. Its particular duty is the supplying of those who are destitute of the Scrip- tures within the streets, courts, lanes, and alleys of Philadel- phia. The hardy sons of the deep are also the subjects of its peculiar care. We may here remark, that " The Book," is published in all the modern languages, so that emigrants and sailors, from all climes, can be supplied with it in their own tongue. During the past year, Bibles and Testaments have been dis- tributed in the German, Swedish, Danish, Italian, Portuguese, Greek, and Welsh languages. This Society employs four col- porteurs, or missionaries, in this good work. The Female Bible Society op Philadelphia, insti- tuted April 24th, 1814. The members of this Association not only contribute their money, but aid in the circulation of the Bible personally. The Society is divided into a number of auxiliaries, distributed throughout the county, each of which is a separate and distinct organization, yet united in a bond of general union for mutual support. These auxiliaries are, the Northwestern, Southwestern, Southeastern, South- wark, Moyamensing, West Kensington, and Spring Garden Societies. All communications to these Bible Societies, should be ad- dressed to the Depository, 144 Chestnut Street. 28 326 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. In addition to those mentioned, there are The Northern Liberties Bible Society, G-ermantown Female Bible Society, Frankford Bible Society, and Manayunk and Roxborough Female Bible Society. "We may here remark, for general information, that the various Bible societies established since 1804, in different parts of the world, have issued no less than 40,000,000 copies of the Holy Scriptures, — the United States raising alone for that noble cause, during the past year, $1,750,000. It is printed in no less than 130 different languages, now spoken by the principal varieties of the human family. The Bible Association of the Friends in America, was founded in 1829, for the purpose of encouraging "a wider circulation, as well as a more frequent and serious perusal, of the Sacred Scriptures, among such as are members of the Religious Society of Friends, and also, as its funds will permit, to other persons." Since the establishment of this Association, they have printed 23,350 copies of the Reference Bible, 12,530 of the 24mo. school Bible, 15,196 of the 12mo. Testament, and 5,7©8 of the 24mo. Testament. These books are circulated through auxiliaries in different parts of the continent. The Depository is at No. 50 North Fourth Street, above Arch. Mr. John Richardson is the agent, to whom communi- cations should be addressed. RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS. American Sunday School Union Building, 146 Chestnut Street, between Sixth and Seventh Streets. This is a spacious and imposing edifice, well adapted to the purpose designed. It is a brick structure, five stories high, masticated and painted, which much enhances its general appearance. The lower story is divided by an entry, leading to the upper part MISCELLANEOUS ASSOCIATIONS. 327 of the building, into two extensive stores, the west one of which is occupied by the Society as their Depository and Pub- lication Office. Few institutions in our city are better calculated to promote the cause of Christianity than the one under notice. Its influence is not bounded by " locality" or "sect;" it is truly American. The " Union" was formed in 1824, by the combination of several local associations, having for their object "The con- centration of the efforts of Sunday School societies in different sections of the United States, together with the diffusion of useful information by moral and religious publications, mis- sions," &c. According to the Constitution, the Union is composed of the various evangelical denominations. No control is assumed by it over any school whatever, the principal and primary object being to aid and encourage the establishment of Sab- bath Schools throughout the United States, without any inter- ference in their future organization or government. MISCELLANEOUS ASSOCIATIONS. Masonic Lodges. — These, at present, include a Grand Lodge, three Mark Lodges, a Grand Chapter, three subordi- nate Chapters, and twenty-three subordinate Lodges, in Phila- delphia and adjoining districts. The Masonic Hall is situated in Third Street, between Walnut and Spruce Streets. In the year 1809, the large Gothic edifice on Chestnut Street, between Seventh and Eighth Streets, known as "The Masonic Hall," was erected. We learn that the Order have in contemplation the removal of this building, and the erection on its site of another, which will be, not only more adapted to 328 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. the accommodation of the numerous lodges, &c, but an orna- ment to the city. Independent Order of Odd Fellows. — Of this excellent Order, there are one hundred and fourteen Lodges, embracing over twenty thousand members, in the city and adjoining dis- tricts. Many of the halls erected in different sections of Phi- ladelphia County, for the use and accommodation of the Order, are beautiful, chaste, and commodious buildings. The most prominent of these is the ODD FELLOWS' HALL. Odd Fellows' Hall, Sixth Street between Arch and Race Streets. This structure, sixty-two feet front by one hundred in depth, is quite imposing in its appearance. Odd Fellows' Hall, Third and Brown Streets, Northern Liberties, is also an elegant building, in the Egyptian style of architecture. MISCELLANEOUS ASSOCIATIONS. 329 Odd Fellows' Hall, Broad and Spring Garden Streets. — This new hall, creditable to the enterprise of the Order, and an ornament to its vicinity, was erected in 1851. In addition to these, there is a hall, erected in 1850, at the corner of Tenth and South Streets ; one in Third below German Street ; one in West Philadelphia, one in Germantown, one in Rox- borough, and two in Manayunk. Among the many associations in Philadelphia, we may mention, The United Order of American Mechanics, The Druids, The Independent Order or Good Fellows, and The Improved Order of Red Men, as worthy of parti- cular regard, being organized for the purpose of cultivating the principles of Friendship and Benevolence among their members. The Mutual Beneficial Societies in Philadelphia are, also, exceedingly numerous. Their names alone would far surpass our limits. Temperance Societies. — We rejoice to see this cause again awakening a lively interest in our city, where it ever has had many ardent friends. Among the Temperance orga- nizations in Philadelphia, The Order of the Sons of Tem- perance, The Independent Order of Good Samaritans, The Cadets of Temperance, The Pupils of Temperance, The Daughters of Temperance, and The Daughters of Samaria, are worthy of notice. These and kindred associa- tions are the pioneers of a glorious, peaceful age. When we reflect on the vast sums that have been squandered in intoxi- cating drink, which has been the means of so much misery, wick- edness, and brutality — how Intemperance stands in the way of man's social progress — how it thwarts every good and bene- volent design — what innocence it has defiled — what hopes blighted, and homes made desolate, — can we do otherwise than wish them God speed? 28* 330 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. JOHN McARTHUR, Jr., ARCHITECT, Office No. 16 Mercantile Library Buildings. WILLIAM H. REASE, LITHOGRAPHER, No. 17 South Fifth Street, above Chestnut. WILLIAM E. ROGERS, artists' colours, Chestnut Street, Art Union Building. JOSEPH T. K. HAND, MANUFACTURING JEWELLER, No. 10 Minor Street. HENRY L. GrADECKEN, MANUFACTURING jeweller, No. 6 North Ninth, and Southwest corner of Fifth and Market Sts. V. B. PALMER, ADVERTISING AND SUBSCRIPTION AGENCY, N. W. corner of Third and Chestnut Streets. A. J. CHAUVEAU, (successor to s. henrion,) WHOLESALE AND RETAIL CONFECTIONER, No. 242 Market Street. A. L. VANSANT, CONFECTIONER AND FRUITERER, No. 222 Chestnut Street, below Ninth. ISAAC S. WILLIAMS, IMPORTER AND MANUFACTURER OF PLANISHED, JAPANNED, AND PLAIN TIN- WARE, No. 256 Market Street, below Eighth. LAUREL HILL CEMETERY. 331 CHAPTER IX. CEMETERIES OF PHILADELPHIA AND ITS VICINITY. Some of these cemeteries are the "loveliest spots upon earth/' and they ought to be so. We love the beautiful while living, and it is a pleasing thought that when our journey is over, we shall be laid amid the loveliness of Nature. Alex- ander Wilson's last wish was to be laid beneath a shady tree, where the songsters that charmed him while living, might come and sing around his tomb ! Poor Wilson ! even your last hope on earth has been disappointed ; few birds carol around your grave. The solitude you loved has long ago deserted your lowly bed.* We propose to notice some of the most prominent cemeteries in our city and its vicinity. laurel hill CEMETERY."]" " Here may the heart, half desolate and broken, Far from the city's pomp its vigil keep, And wreath with fairest flowers, affection's token, The pale, cold marble, where its loved ones sleep." This cemetery is beautifully situated between the Ridge Road and the Riyer Schuylkill, about three and a half miles from Philadelphia. It consists of two sections, designated re- spectively North and South Laurel Hill. * Alexander Wilson, the Ornithologist, died in this city in the year 1814, and is buried in the Swedes' Churchyard, Southwark. The testimonial to his memory is a plain marble slab, easily distinguished among the few humble monuments in that old ground. t From "The Cemeteries of Philadelphia," a new work, preparing for the press by R. A. Smith, the first part of which, "Laurel Hill Cemetery," will be published at an early day. 332 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. J. & M. BAIRD, MARBLE WORKS, Spring Garden Street, above Ridge Road, Constantly on hand, a large assortment of Monuments and Grave- stones, of the most approved designs and handsomest description of American and Italian Marble ; also a large number of beautiful de- signs for Monuments, &c, from which Purchasers can make selection, and have the work completed in the best manner, at the shortest notice. IMPORTED GARDEN STATUARY AND VASES, ©if (sil^^h© i©iiiH@sr^3 AND FINEST QUALITY OF MARBLE. The Trade furnished with all kinds of Marble, in the block, or cut to sizes for Monuments or other purposes. JOHN BAIRD. MATTHEW BAIRD. SPRING GARDEN STREET, ABOVE RIDGE ROAD. LAUREL HILL CEMETERY. 333 LAUREL HILL CEMETERY. The grounds of the North section (which first claims our attention) are substantially enclosed, and the whole plot sur- veyed into lots of various dimensions, from eighty to one thousand square feet. The improvements consist of an elegant entrance, coostructed of brown stone, in the Doric style; a Gothic chapel ; the superintendent's residence; a spacious re- ceiving vault ; an observatory, commanding a charming view of the river and opposite shore; stabling, &c, sufficient to accommodate over forty carriages; and a hot-house, where flowers, plants, and shrubs of every variety are cultivated with the greatest care. The entrance on the Ridge Road presents a bold and commanding appearance, through which is a vista of remarkable beauty. On each side are lodges for the accom- modation of the attendants, &c. 334 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. Mm WALKER & SONS, Northeast corner of Sixth and Market Streets, MANUFACTURERS OF THE For Cemeteries, Public Grounds, Cottages, Verandas, and Window Guards, &c, &c, &c. This article is superseding every other kind of Fencing, being cheaper in proportion to its strength, and much more durable. Also, a new article of FAKffia (? a ri © a m ® a entirely of Wrought Iron, at prices from One Dollar and fifty cents, and upwards, for rods of sixteen feet. MYRON SHEW, AND DEALER IN DAGUERREOTYPE APPARATUS, PLATES, CASES, CHEMICALS, ETC., No. 118 Chestnut Street. A great variety of Fancy Cases, Papier Mache, inlaid with pearl, Turkey Morocco, velvet Book Cases, Lockets, &c, constantly on hand. f$*^* This being the only establishment in the city of Philadelphia where all materials used in the Daguerreotype business are kept constantly on hand, for sale, persons wanting a supply will find it to their interest to call direct, where they are sure of finding all articles required. LAUREL HILL CEMETERY. 335 The first object of attraction, on passing through the gate, is the celebrated group of Thorn, representing Old Mortality, his Pony, and Sir Walter Scott. The reader will find the scene in Sir Walter Scott's historical tale of " Old Mortality." To the north of this effort of " the Burns of Sculpture," is the Godfrey Monu- ment, a beautiful obelisk, ornamented by a ship and a quad- rant. Near the monument is the original gravestone, much 33G PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. JOSEPH M. OLIVER, CONFECTIONER AND FRUITERER, No. 248 Market Street, between Seventh and Eighth. C. BENKERT, FASHIONABLE BOOT MAKER, No. 40 South Fourth Street, above Chestnut. THEO. MEGARGEE, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL PAPER MERCHANT, No. 3 Decatur Street. G. W. P. MONROE, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL PAPER MERCHANT, No. 19 St. James Street, between Sixth and Seventh. REAZER'S WRITING ACADEMY, No. 179 Chestnut Street, opposite the State House. JOHN M. GUMMEY, REAL ESTATE BROKER, No. 8 South Seventh Street. JAMES SHERIDAN, MERCHANT TAILOR, No. 16 South Ninth Street. WILLIAM NEILL, MERCHANT TAILOR, No. 4 South Ninth Street. JOHN RORER & SONS, SURGICAL INSTRUMENT MANUFACTURERS, No. 28 North Sixth Street. JOSEPH RINK, TOY AND FANCY STORE, No. 230 Chestnut Street. LAUREL HILL CEMETERY. 337 defaced. Beneath these memorials lie the ashes of Thomas Godfrey, the inventor of the Mariner's Quadrant, together with those of his father and mother. The monument was erected by the Mercantile Library Com- pany of Philadelphia, aided by citizens of Philadelphia and Germantown, in gratitude for the enduring benefit his inven- tion has conferred upon the navigation and commerce of the world. In the northeast corner of the cemetery is the burial-ground attached to St. John's Lutheran Church. Following the carriage-road, to the left we view the chaste and ornamental tomb of Oscar Douglass, a Philadelphia fireman, killed by the falling of a wall, while in the discharge of his duty, January 23d, 1841. This monument was erected as a tribute to his many virtues, by his fellow-members of the Pennsylvania Fire Company. West of this is the rich and imposing tribute to the memory of the brave and lamented General and Major Twiggs, father and son ; both fell in the recent war with Mexico. In this vicinity, too, repose the ashes of the poet, the scholar, and divine — Walter Colton. A plain obelisk marks his last resting-place. Innumerable monuments are tastefully disposed in this neighbourhood — some of them being exquisite works of art; while trees, shrubs, and flowers, of every variety and hue, throw a delicious shade around. Among these tombs is the figure of a lovely child, a master-piece of the celebrated sculp- tor, Pettrich. It is much visited, and generally admired. No less beautiful, though more humble in pretension, is that to "Our Dear Willie." We are now in the vicinity of the Gothic Chapel, the scene in front of which is one of unparalleled loveliness. In such a pleasing spot, when the birds are singing, and flowers and trees present their ever-new verdure, the dreariness of the 29 338 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. ORNAMENTAL IRON WORKS, Ridge Road, above Buttonwood Street, Philadelphia, ROBERT WOOD, MANUFACTURES EVERT DESCRIPTION OF IRON RAILINGS AND VERANDAS, Spiral and Straight Stairs, on an Improved Plan. Also, Iron Settees, Chairs, Hat and Umbrella Stands, Centre and Pier Tables, Music Stands and Racks, Spittoons, Balcony, Mantel, and Pier Brackets, IRON STATUARY, GREYHOUNDS, NEWFOUNDLAND DOGS, LIONS, ETC., FOUNTAINS AND URNS FOR GARDENS, AND A VARIETY OF (Drtuimntul Srnn tHnrk, ADAPTED TO PRIVATE AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS. figs^ Drawings of articles above specified, will be sent to persons desiring to make a selection. JARED CRAIG, NO. 116 CHESTNUT STREET, (Over Adams's Express,) Respectfully informs his friends and the public generally, that having enlarged his establishment, he is now prepared to execute, on a more extensive scale, all kinds of PLAIN AND ORNAMENTAL PRINTING, SUCH AS CARDS, CIRCULARS, CHECKS, SHOWBILLS, HANDBILLS, MANUFACTURERS' & APOTHECARIES' LABELS, Pamphlets, Catalogues, &c., &c., ®S9 ™n ©[Xl®K c iJ J [l© I ^^ , MOTTO©!!* At very Low Prices for Cash. LAUREL HILL CEMETERY. 339 grave is lost ; the utter oblivion that awaits the tenant of the tomb is forgotten ) death is here robbed of half its terrors. Immediately opposite repose the remains of General Hugh Mer- cer, who fell at the Battle of Prince- ton. They were originally interred in Christ Church graveyard, Second Street, from whence they were re- moved to this cemetery on the 26th of November, 1840, attended by un- usual pomp and funeral ceremony. The present elegant monument was erected by the St. Andrew's Society of Philadelphia, as a tribute to the memory of an illustrious brother. The decorations are beautifully cut. The sword, scabbard, &c, are particularly fine. 340 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. COLTON & BURT, GROCERY, TEA, AND WINE WAREHOUSE, N. E. corner of Tenth and Chestnut Sts. THOMPSON BLACK, GROCERY, TEA, AND WINE WAREHOUSE, N. W. corner Broad and Chestnut Sts. DAVID Z. EVANS, GROCERY, TEA, AND WINE WAREHOUSE, South Fifth Street, corner of Merchant. WHELAN & CO., BOOTS, SHOES, AND STRAW GOODS, No. 175 Market Street. GEO. W. & LEWIS B. TAYLOR, BOOTS, SHOES, LEGHORN AND PALM-LEAF HATS, No. 168, S. E. corner Market and Fifth Streets. HUGHES & TORBERT, CARD AND JOB PRINTERS, Corner of Third and Dock Streets, Penn Building. S. P. WILTBANK, STRAW GOODS IMPORTER, No. 14 Commerce Street. WORRELLS, COATES & CO., DRY GOODS IMPORTERS, No. 13 Church Alley, between Second and Third Streets. CHARLES WILLIAMS, MARBLE PAPER MANUFACTURER, S. E. corner of Sixth and Market Streets. S. M. DAY, COMBS, LOOKING-GLASSES, AND VARIETIES, No. 10 North Fourth Street. LAUREL HILL CEMETERY. 341 In this vicinity may be seen an obelisk, bearing an epitaph to the memory of John Cook, written by himself, the lettering and execution of which is highly creditable to the artist, John Eckstein, Esq. The lot (too limited in extent and badly arranged for the proper exhibition of a monument of this description) is enclosed by a tasty and substantial iron railing, and embellished with some choice shrubs and plants. To the right of this, Mr. Louis A. Godey has a lot, ornamented with true poetic taste. Proceeding westward, the visiter will not fail to admire the tomb erected over the remains of Joseph S. Lewis. On the south front of this elegant monument is an admirable view of Fairmount. North from this, is the classic tomb of Commodore Hull, executed after the model of that of the Scipios at Rome, with the addition of the American Eagle, perched on the centre. Beneath this beautiful and appropriate memorial repose the ashes of that naval hero, who, by his brilliant triumph, in the frigate Constitution, over the British frigate Guerriere, Captain Dacres, on the 19th of August, 1812, u became the precursor of that series of victories which immortalized the Navy of the United States." The tomb was erected by his widow, as an affectionate token to his private virtues. In the adjoining lot, to the east of Commodore Hull's tomb, rest the remains of Commodore A. Murray. They were originally interred in the burial-ground of the First Presby- terian Church, Market Street below Third (the site of which is now occupied by extensive storehouses), and removed to Laurel Hill in 1844, by direction of his family. 29* 342 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. MONUMENTS. ARTHUR O'KEEFE, MARBLE SCULPTOR, Southwest corner of Ridge Road and Broad Streets. MONUMENTS, TOMBS, clpl)ia. IRON FOUNDERS, OMI ID QUI 01 M!!iL!D8M 9 GENERAL MACHINISTS, AND BOILER MAZEES. Workshops on the Delaware River, below Port Richmond. Office in the City, No. 39 Walnut Street. THEY MANUFACTURE HIGH & LOW PRESSURE STEAM ENGINES, FOR LAND, RIVER, OR SEA SERVICE, CORNISH PUMPING ENGINES, FOR DRAINING MINES, AND FOR PUMPING LARGE QUANTITIES OF WATER, WITH GREAT ECONOMY OF FUEL, IRON AND BRASS CASTINGS, And all kinds of Heavy Machinery and Boiler and Tank Work. ISAAC P. MORRIS, LEWIS TAWS, JOHN J. THOMPSON. ESTABLISHED, 1828. 366 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. RICHARD VAUX, No. 32 South Sixth Street.— Dwelling, S. W. corner of Schuylkill Fourth and Chestnut Streets. JOSHUA SPERING, No. 74 South Fourth Street. ALEXANDER WILSON, Law Buildings, Fifth Street, below Chestnut. MATTHEW CANNING, No. 5 Mercantile Library Buildings, Fifth Street, below Chestnut. JOHN B. GrEST, No. 45^ South Fifth Street, between Walnut and Chestnut. C. B. FALLON, No. 142 Walnut Street, above Fifth. ROBERT P. KANE, Southeast corner of Sixth and Walnut Streets. GEORGE CONSTANTINE COLLINS, S W. corner of Sixth and Locust Street, Washington Square. — Dwelling, No. 6 South Schuylkill Sixth Street. JOHN C. MITCHELL, No. 4 York Buildings, Walnut Street. THOMAS BALCH, No. 30 South Fifth Street, below Walnut. FRANCIS HOPKINSON, No. 134 South Sixth Street, above Spruce. HYLAND B. PENNINGTON, No. 79 South Third Street. EDWARD R. BADGER, No. 110 South Third Street. ROBERT ALSOP, No. 58 South Fourth Street.— Residence, 361 North Sixth. B. A. MITCHELL, No. 116 Walnut Street, below Fifth. THE CITY GOVERNMENT. 367 CHAPTER X. THE CITY GOVERNMENT. This is composed of a Police Department, Select and Com- mon Councils, Board of City Commissioners, and a Board of City and County Commissioners. The Police Department consists of a Mayor, Clerk of Police, Lieutenant of Police, four Special Constables, four High Constables, thirty-four day policemen, four captains, four lieutenants, two hundred watch- men, and fifty-seven lamp-lighters. The Day Police is divided into four districts, viz. — Dis- trict No. 1, extending from Cedar to Chestnut Street, and from the Delaware to the east side of Ninth Street. Police station, Union Street below Fourth, south side. District No. 2, extending from Chestnut to Vine, and from the Delaware to Ninth Street. Station house, Cherry above Fourth Street, north side. District No. 3, extending from Cedar to Chestnut Street, and from the west side of Ninth to the Schuylkill River. Sta- tion, Schuylkill Eighth below Walnut Street. District No. 4, extending from Chestnut to Yine, and from Ninth to the Schuylkill River. Station, Filbert Street near Schuylkill Eighth. Each of these divisions is under charge of a high constable, who reports daily at 12 o'clock, M., precisely, to the Mayor, the condition of his district. The "Watch is likewise divided into four districts, the bounds and stations of which are the same as those of the day police. Each of these divisions consists of a captain, a 368 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. W. B. SAURMAN & CO.'S STEAM PATTERN AND MODEL WORKS, Southeast corner of Broad and Wallace Streets. STEAM SAWING, PLANING, TURNING, AND WOOD SCREW CUTTING, OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, PKQlM^tLV ©©Mil IT® AT THE Lowest Cash Prices. W. B. S. and Co. would beg leave also, to inform Builders, Car penters, and others not having Steam Power in their own establish ments, that they can have the use of Wood-working Steam tools n the above Works, for a reasonable charge per day or hour. THE CITY GOVERNMENT. 369 lieutenant, and fifty men ; twenty-five of whom only are on duty in the division at any one time. The system is one of relief, and the twenty-five men on duty are relieved every two, three, or four hours, as the season, weather, &c., may demand ; the remaining twenty-five occupy the station house, ready for any emergency. The system is not perfect, there being too few men ; the twenty-five on duty are spread over too great a space. The old system gave thirty-one or thirty -two men for the same divisions ; now there are only twenty-five, — the consequence is an elongation of the watchmen's walks, so that they appear " like angels' visits, few and far between. " In addition to this force the mayor can, by law, require the services of the lamp-lighters, in case of necessity, as policemen. The Select Council consists of twelve members. The Common Council of twenty members. These Councils are divided, for the better transaction of business, into joint stand- ing committees, viz., on Water, Finance, Highways, Cleansing, City Property, Legacies and Trusts, Girard Estates, Library, and Gas-works. Each Council elects its own president and clerk. Board of City Commissioners. The officers of this Board are a President, Clerk, City Surveyor, Assistant Surveyor, Treasurer, Treasurer of the Girard Fund, Agent for the Girard Estates, and a Register and Secretary of the Watering Com- mittee. The City and County Commissioners and Officers consist of a Sheriff, Coroner, Clerk, Treasurer, three County Commissioners, and three Auditors. The Consolidated Police Force of the City of Phi- ladelphia. This force is under the control of a Board of Police, viz., President, John S. Keyser, Marshal of Police ; Clerk, Samuel P. Welsh; Members, President of the Select 370 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. BENJ. A. LATIMER, No. 51 North Sixth Street, below Arch. JOSHUA SPERLNGr, No. 74 South Fourth Street, below Chestnut. JOSEPH H. HEDGES, No. 8 Goldsmiths' Hall, Library Street, below Fifth. JOHN C. MITCHELL, No. 4 York Buildings, Walnut Street. EDWARD R. BADGER, No. 110 South Third Street. ROBERT ALSOP, No. 58 South Fourth Street.— Residence 361 North Sixth. JOHN M. GUMMEY, No. 8 South Seventh Street. DR. WM. LINDOP, 175 Chestnut Street, opposite the State House, SOLE AGENT FOR DR. NUTTALL'S SYRIACUM, INCIPIENT Being three different preparations, for the cure of the three different stages of Consumption. Also, DR. J. S. HOUGHTON'S PEPSIN, DR. H0(JGHT0N'S_ DIGESTIVE FLUID, OR GASTRIC JUICE, FOE THE CURE OF DYSPEPSIA. THE CITY GOVERNMENT. 371 Council, and President of the Common Council of Philadelphia, together with the presidents of the Boards of Commissioners of the various incorporated districts. This police force was established by an Act of Assembly, passed May 3d, 1850; according to which the qualified voters of the city and districts shall elect, every three years, a suitable person as Marshal of Police, " who shall hold that office for the said term of three years, if he so long behave himself well." The powers of this officer, in relation to the preservation of the peace, the preven- tion and suppression of crimes and misdemeanours, and the detection and arrest of offenders, is the same as those of the Mayor of the city, and Sheriff of the county of Philadelphia. The city proper, by the aforesaid act, consists of four divi- sions, and each of the incorporated districts constitutes a division. Each of these divisions is entitled to one lieutenant, and the number of policemen is fixed at the rate of one for every four hundred inhabitants, which gives fifty-five to the city, twenty-six to Spring Garden, twenty-four to Kensington, twenty-one to the Northern Liberties, eighteen to Southwark, twelve to Moyamensing, four to Penn, four to Richmond, and three to West Philadelphia, which, with the twelve lieutenants and Marshal, makes the effective force of the establishment one hundred and eighty strong. In case of riot, if the Marshal is of opinion that his force is not sufficient, he has power to require the aid of the military, and it is the duty of the major-general or commanding officer to assist him promptly with such force as he may demand. The Marshal, his Lieutenants or policemen, in case of emer- gency, have a right to, and can demand the aid of any citizen in suppressing riots or tumultuous assemblies. It is well to say that, " if such persons, constituting unlawful, riotous, or tumultuous assemblies, shall continue together, and not dis- perse on proclamation, then the Marshal, his Lieutenants, or 372 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. LEATHER AND MOROCCOS, Red or Hemlock Sole Leather. Oak Sole Leather. Skirting Sole Leather. Black and Russet Bridle Leather. Band or Belt Leather. Thong or Lace Leather. Upper or Neat's Leather. Hog Skins for Seatings and Collar. Chaise, Bag, and Lining Hides. City and Sailed Kip Skins. French and City Calf Skins. French Patent Calf Skins. Patent and Enamelled Goat Skins. Tampico, Cape, and Madras Boot Moroccos. Tampico, Cape, and Madras Frenc h Moroccos. Tampico, Curacoa, and Madras Kid. Imported Morocco, of all Colours. Lining Skins, of all Colours. Iloans or Topping Skins, of all Colours. Buck Skins of all Colours. American and Imported Chamois Skins. French Embroidered Slipper Fronts. Bindings, Black and Striped. BOOK BINDERS' AND HATTERS' SKIVERS, OF ALL COLOURS. FRITZ, WILLIAMS & HENDRY, Manufactory, No, 15 Margaretla Street, Store, No. 29 North Third Street. MOROCCO MANUFACTURERS, COMMISSION & GENERAL LEATHER DEALERS. THE CITY GOVERNMENT. 373 such persons as he may command, shall use all necessary force and means whatsoever for that purpose;" and should "any person he killed, maimed, or hurt, the Marshal, his police, or other persons aiding or assisting him in the discharge of his duty, shall be wholly discharged, and held harmless." How far this "Consolidated Police" has accomplished the object of its creation, can be estimated by the fact, that from the date of its organization, November 21st, 1850, to Novem- ber 1st, 1851, the number of arrests by this body amounted to more than twelve thousand. Police Stations. — Marshal's office, Adelphi Street, run- ning from Fifth to Sixth, below Walnut Street. Southwark Division, Third below Catharine Street. Moyamensing Division, Commissioners' Hall, Moyamen- sing. Southwest Division (City), Schuylkill Fourth above South or Cedar Street. Northwest Division (City), Schuylkill Front and Cherry Streets. Southeast Division (City), St. Mary's Street near Eighth Street. Spring Garden Division, Willow Street below the Ridge Road. Penn District Division, Tenth and Master Street. Northern Liberties Division, Commissioners' Hall, Northern Liberties. Kensington Division, Commissioners' Hall, Kensington. Richmond Division, Commissioners' Hall, Richmond. West Philadelphia Division, Market Street, West Phi- ladelphia. By certain signals, given by the public bells, the entire force of the Marshal's police can be concentrated, in any one part of the City or Districts, in the short space of twenty minutes ! 32 374 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. TO PHYSICIANS AND OTHERS. The subscribers offer to Physicians and Druggists a carefully selected stock of Drugs and Medicines, which they will guarantee to be of the best quality, pure and unadulterated in all cases. Their facilities for importing Foreign Drugs and Chemicals are such, that they are enabled to sell them upon the best terms, and at the same time to assure their customers of their genuine- ness. They have also on hand, of their own preparation, an assortment of PURE DRUGS IN POWDER, Neatly put up in quarter, half, and one pound Dottles. Great care has been taken to have these prepared from the best selected drugs, and in such a way as to preserve the characteristics of each article with- out injury. They have also a variety of CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS, Of their own manufacture, and add to the list all the valuable new remedies as they become known. Also CANTHARIDAL COLLODION, OR BLISTERING LIQUID, A convenient preparation of cantha- rides in many cases where there is a difficulty of applying the ordinary blis- tering plaster. They have also recently prepared a superior article of CALCINED MAGNESIA Of the character of Henry's ; free from roughness or grittiness to the touch or palate, deprived of carbonic acid, and almost entirely tasteless* Equal in the same bulk to three or four times the strength of the common article. Tut up in bottles, in a superior manner. They have also prepared the FLUID MAGNESIA, Which is a new and valuable remedy in acidity of the stomach, heartburn, nausea, &c, at less than half the price of the foreign article. Physicians and others may depend upon the faithful and prompt execution of thei'" orders, at as low rates as the best quality of medicines can be purchased. CHARLES ELLIS & CO., 56 Chestnut Street, Philada. Laboratory, 6th and Morris Sts,, Southward THE BOARD OF HEALTH. 375 The Board of Health, Office, southwest corner of Sixth and Sansom Streets. This Board, consisting of eighteen members, is appointed annually, by the Councils of the city, and the Commissioners of the adjoining districts, for a term of three years. The Governor of the State, also appoints a Phy- sician, who resides in the city, denominated the Port Physician, and another, who resides at the Lazaretto, called the Lazaretto Physician, together with a Health Officer, and a Quarantine Master. The Board of Health is vested "with full power and au- thority to make general rules, orders, and regulations, for the government of the Lazaretto, and the vessels, persons, and cargoes, there detained in quarantine, likewise of the Health Office and hospital ; for the mode of visiting and examining vessels, persons, goods, and houses, within the city and districts ; also, to appoint such officers and attendants as may be neces- sary to attend the Health Office, Lazaretto, and City Hospital, together with such other regulations as may from time to time be requisite for the preservation of the health of the city." This Board has also power, when any portion of the city, or adjoining districts, is infected by a contagious disease, to prevent all communication with the infected parts, and, if necessary, to remove the inhabitants. They have also autho- rity to enter and search any house, or store, where they may suspect any substance that may engender disease to exist, and are required to have the same removed. A register of the births and deaths, in the city, is kept at the Health Office, and all physicians, surgeons, &c, are required, by Act of As- sembly, to make periodical returns to the Board, of the deaths, once per week, and of the births, once per month, and of all cases of contagious disease, under a penalty. The quarantine regulations of the port commence in June, 376 WM. H. HORSTMANN & SONS, No. §1 North Third Street, Philadelphia, MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF MILITARY GOODS, COACH LACES, AND FRINGES, Epaulettes, Swords, Sashes, Buttons, Laces, Chapeaux, Pistols, Holsters, S addle-Cloths, Banners, Flags, Embroideries, &c, &c. Volunteer Companies and Officers of the Army and Navy, sup- plied with every article in the Military Line. LADIES FANCY TRIMMINGS, Cords, Tassels, Fringes, Buttons, Gimps, Bindings, Braids, &c. MILITARY CLOTHS AND CASSIMERES. THE LAZARETTO. 377 and extend to October, which is called the quarantine season. Vessels coming from foreign ports, during that period, must anchor off the Lazaretto, until duly inspected by the Lazaretto Physician and Quarantine Master. Severe penalties are im- posed by law, for every violation of the quarantine regula- tions. The following gentlemen comprise the present officers of the Board : President, John Lindsay, Esq. ; Secretary, Richard Gardiner, M.D.; Treasurer, Edward Duff, Esq.; Clerk, Samuel P. Marks; Solicitor, J. A. Phillips. The executive officers are, Health Officer, "William M'Glen- sey; Port Physician, D. Gilbert, M.D.; Lazaretto Physician, T. J. P. Stokes, M.D. ; Quarantine Master, William V. M'Kean. The Lazaretto is pleasantly located on the banks of the Delaware, fourteen miles below the city. It occupies an area of about twelve acres of ground, most of which is under cul- tivation as a vegetable garden. The buildings consist of a main edifice and two wings, covering a space of fifty feet in depth, and one hundred and eighty in length ; a residence, with garden attached, for the Physician ; a similar one for the Quarantine Master ; an out-kitchen, a bath-house, a green-house, a large barn ; with a two-story building, originally intended for the accommodation of German emigrants, who, some years ago, came to this port in very large numbers. It is now used for the reception of those cases of disease exhibiting a more malignant character than are usually accommodated at the general hospital. The officers are a Steward, Lazaretto Physician, and Quaran- tine Master. The Steward is elected annually by the Board of Health. His duties comprise a general supervision of the property, cultivation of the garden, furnishing and preparing the diet and board of the sick, &c. The Physician and Qua- rantine Master are appointed, as before remarked, by the 32* 378 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. ENAMELLED OR COTTAGE CHAMBER FURNITURE. HART, WARE & CO., No. 280 Chestnut, above Tenth Street, MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN PLAIN AND ORNAMENTAL COTTAGE CHAMBER FURNITURE, COTTAGE BEDSTEADS, CHAIRS, & OAK & WALNUT ARM-CHAIRS, (Complete sets to Order from $25 upwards.) Superior Walnut Extension Dining Tables, from $15 to $25. SPRING, HAIR, AND HUSK MATTRASSES, COLVIN'S PATENT SPRING BEDSTEADS, Plain and Fancy Furniture, &c, JS^~ DEALERS SUPPLIED ON LIBERAL TERMS. THE EASTERN PENITENTIARY. 379 Governor. The duties of the first-named are to visit all ves- sels required by law to stop at the Lazaretto, and to examine into the health of the crew and passengers, and if any are sick with malignant or contagious diseases, to have them removed to the hospital, and there attend them. The duties of the Quarantine Master are to accompany the Physician in his visits as above, have charge of the boats and other property of the station, and, jointly with the physician, have control of the bargemen. The Board has also, during the quarantine months, six bargemen employed, and as many nurses as the wants of the station may require. The duties of the bargemen, in addition to manning the boats, are, to remove the sick, bury the dead, and to perform such other duties as may be required of them by the proper officers. Adjoining the Lazaretto, the United States government has an Inspection Station, occupying about nine acres of land, upon which are a large storehouse, and two brick buildings, formerly occupied during the prevalence of the yellow fever, — one, as the residence of the collector of the port, and the other as a custom-house. State Penitentiary, for the Eastern District of Pennsyl- vania. — This institution is the result of the laborious investi- gation of half a century, of a few minds, deeply interested in the subject of prison discipline. In the latter part of the year 1786, the treatment of persons convicted of crimes engaged the consideration of some members of the " Philadelphia So- ciety for Relieving the Miseries of Public Prisons/' The miserable condition of the jails of that day awakened the sym- pathy of the benevolent members of this Society, and out of these feelings grew the efforts, which were at last, under the operation of able minds, directed to the whole range of penal jurisprudence. The Legislature of Pennsylvania was addressed 380 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. KING & B Al FID, ENGLISH AND GERMAN BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS, NO. 9 SANSOM STREET, PHILADELPHIA. PUBLICATION OFFICE OF THE BANNER OF THE CROSS, An Episcopal Newspaper, published weekly, at $2 50 per annum, AND THE LEGAL INTELLIGENCER, A Law Journal, published weekly, at $2 00 per annum. EPISCOPAL PRAYER BOOKS, OF VARIOUS SIZES AND STYLES, AT LOWER PRICES THAN THEY CAN BE PURCHASED ELSEWHERE. THE EASTERN PENITENTIARY. 381 THE EASTERN PENITENTIARY. from time to time on the subject : the late Bishop White, Mr. Wistar, Roberts Vaux, and other kindred spirits, united their efforts to induce the General Assembly of the State to reform the penal institutions of the Commonwealth. After years spent in examination and controversy, the Legis- lature passed an act authorizing certain gentlemen commis- sioners named in the act to erect a State Penitentiary on the principle of separate confinement of the prisoners at hard labour. This is the corner-stone of what is now designated "The Pennsylvania System." Much has been written on the merits of u separate confine- ment." It has been always denominated by its enemies soli- tary confinement; but mere terms, though used to describe the character of the discipline, are by no means synonymous. The separation of prisoners from each other, at all times, does 382 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. GEORGE CHARLES, STEREOTYPE FOUNDER, No. 9 Sansom Street, JJljilabelpbia, Is prepared with extensive founts of English, German, and Music Type, and a variety of Ornaments, to Stereotype Books and Jobs of all kinds, on the most reasonable terms, and in the neatest manner. W. D. BAKER, ^Designer & <£ngratur on iUflafo, No. 116 Chestnut Street, (ADAMS'S EXPRESS BUILDING.) Circular. — The Subscriber, grateful for former and present patro- nage, would respectfully call attention to his increased facilities for executing with accuracy, beauty, and despatch, any work intrusted to him. Drawings and Engravings from Machinery-models, Designs for Merchants, Printers, and Manufacturers. Book, Newspaper, and Periodical Illustrations. Lodge Seals, Factory Stamps, Posters and Show Bills. ^^Illustrations in all Styles, to suit every kind of Exhibition,^ THE EASTERN PENITENTIARY. 383 not include the idea of solitude. TYe have been favoured with the correspondence between the Honourable Roberts Yaux of Philadelphia, and William Roscoe of England, on the principles of the Pennsylvania System. Mr. Yaux defends and explains the subject with great clearness against the attack of Mr. Roscoe, who urges all the objections against the System, so rife while it was then in its infancy. The Penitentiary was finished and transferred to the "Board of Inspectors," the governing power, in the year 1829. The cost of the ground and buildings was about six hundred thou- sand dollars. In the year 1846, January 1st, a period of about seventeen years, 2059 prisoners had been received into the prison. The number now nearly reaches 3000. The average number in confinement during the year is about 300. For the last ten years the average amount of prisoners yearly in the Penitentiary is about 295. The district from which prisoners are sent includes all the eastern counties of Pennsylvania. The Institution is governed by a Board of Inspectors, a war- den, physician, and fourteen overseers. It has been in active operation since 1829, and the results given by the experience of over twenty years have confirmed all the predictions and expectations of its originators and friends. The penal code of the State has not yet been fully adapted to this system of punishment. So soon as the Legislature shall reform a code, never revised with any degree of radical reform, then will Pennsylvania defy the civilized world to show a more perfect , humane, and reformatory system, than is to be found within her borders. The plan of the buildings is as follows. The grounds com- prise about eleven acres, enclosed by a stone wall, thirty feet high. The centre of the plot is comparable to the hub of a wheel, and the corridors of cells, the spokes ; on each side of the corridors, cells are situated, to each of which a yard is 384 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. M. THOMAS & SONS, AUCTIONEERS. SALES OF REAL ESTATE, STOCKS, FURNITURE, BOOKS, STATIONERY, PAINTINGS, FANCY GOODS, &c. PUBLIC SALES OF REAL ESTATE AND STOCKS, Regular Weekly Sales of Real Estate and Stocks at the Phila- delphia Exchange, "where they have held them regularly for about twenty years, -without intermission. A pamphlet Catalogue is issued every week throughout the business season, containing full descriptions of each public Sale of Stocks and Real Estate, and a List of Property at Private Sale. TRADE SALES OF BOOKS, STATIONERY, &c. By arrangement with the Committee, they will continue the regular Spring and Fall Trade Sales of Books, Stationery, &c, also, RETAIL AND LOT SALES of Books, Stationery, &c, throughout the business season, at the Trade Sale Rooms, Sixth and Minor Streets. Private Libraries will receive particular attention. Mr. Thomas F. Bell is engaged permanently as Salesman for the Book department. Sales of Paintings, Engravings, and Fancy Goods, will be continued occasionally, as heretofore. SALES OF FURNITURE. Regular Weekly Sales of Furniture, at the Auction Rooms, No. 93 Walnut Street, will be continued, as heretofore, on Thursday Mornings, throughout the year. Sales of Furniture at Private Dwellings will receive the most care- ful attention. THE EASTERN PENITENTIARY. 385 attached, for air and exercise. Each prisoner has a cell to himself; there he works, and sleeps, and eats, taking exercise daily in the yard. Each prisoner is taught to read, write, and a useful handi- craft, during his term of imprisonment. A moral instructor and a teacher, are employed. On the Lord's day, any Chris- tian minister, of good standing in his denomination, can visit the convicts, and preach to them, or otherwise instruct them. No corporeal punishment of prisoners is allowed ; kindness is the spirit of all communication with the inmates. The health of the convicts is under the most judicious cir- cumspection. The physician resides in the Penitentiary. The mortality is about two per cent, less than one would expect, from the kind of persons sent from the depraved classes of city humanity. The fatal diseases are nearly all constitutional, produced by causes mostly without the influence of the prison. The Penitentiary is located about two miles from the centre of the city of Philadelphia. It is sometimes called " Cherry Hill Prison," as " Cherry Hill" was the name of the property purchased for its site. At this time, Richard Vaux is President of the Board of Inspectors; S. A. Mercer, Secretary; Hon. Charles Brown, John Bacon, and Hugh Campbell, Inspectors ; John S. Holloway, Warden ; Dr. Lassiter, Physician. Tickets of admission can be had on application to any of the Inspectors. For the accommodation of strangers, we will state that Mr. Vaux's office is in Sixth below Chestnut Street. This gentleman takes pleasure in giving any information in his power respecting this truly noble Institution, which, we assure the reader, is well worthy of a visit. There is a prison in Pittsburg, on the same plan, for Western Pennsylvania. 33 386 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. BIDDLE REEVES & SON, BEDSTEAD MANUFACTORY, Nos. 89 & 91 ST. JOHN STREET, ABOVE WILLOW STREET. Cabinet-Makers, Upholsterers, Hotels, Private Families, and Boarding - Houses can be supplied at this establishment with PATENT SCREW, AND OTHER BEDSTEADS, ALSO, BUREAUS AND WASH-STANDS, OF EVERY KIND AND QUALITY, OF THE MOST FASHIONABLE AND SUBSTANTIAL MANUFACTURE. BIDDLE REEVES & SON, FURNISH ALSO FROM THEIR STORE, No. 21G Second Street, above Vine Street, EVERY DESCRIPTION OF FURNITURE, And offer to Wholesale Purchasers a Large Variety of Goods, suitable for City and Country Trade, which they will dispose of ON REASONABLE TERMS. Jg^lp^ Turning in Wood done at the Shortest Notice. "°©a THE COUNTY TRISON. 387 THE COUNTY PRISON. Philadelphia County Prison, is situated on Passyunk Road, in the District of Moyamensing, about one mile south of the city proper. There is a line of omnibuses constantly running from the Exchange, via Chestnut and Ninth Streets, to within half a square of the prison. The front of this structure consists of a centre building, with receding wings on either side, flanked by massy octa- gonal towers; beyond these towers receding wing- walls are continued to the extremities of the front, and terminate with embattled bastions. The whole exterior is constructed of Quincy granite, and the style of architecture, that of the olden days of chivalry, decorated in the Tudor style of English Gothic. The wings are two stories high, and contain the gates of 388 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. p gjKg CHARGES REASONABLE. (^(S^; THE COUNTY PRISON. 389 entrance. These wings and the towers which flank them, together with the bastions on the extreme angles in front, are finished to correspond with the centre edifice. The extreme height of the centre building is seventy-five feet. The interior of the main prison is divided into two general divisions, one for untried prisoners, vagrants, &c, and the other for convicts. It contains four hundred and eight sepa- rate cells, built in two blocks, three stories high, extending from each wing at right angles with the principal front. The cells open into a corridor, occupying the centre of each block, and extending the whole length and height of the building ; the upper stories being approached by means of granite stair- ways leading to galleries, supported by cast iron brackets ; a clerk's office is situated at the head of each corridor, from which every cell door may be seen throughout the entire range. The apartment for females is situated on an adjoining lot. This building embraces one hundred separate cells, a suite of rooms for an infirmary, and two apartments for the keepers. The principal entrance to this portion of the establishment is on Eleventh Street : it- consists of a gateway, placed in the middle of a projecting centre, constructed of brown stone, finished in the Egyptian style of architecture. The Prison combines all the characteristics of a penitentiary proper, as well as those of a county jail and workhouse. It is under the management of a Board of fifteen Inspectors, whose duties are probably more arduous than those of any other in the country, yet we have no hesitation to speak with confidence of the generally correct regulation and superintendence of every department. The health of the Prison is good. In this respect it will compare favourably with any other in the United States. Great care is taken to furnish wholesome food, and to have it properly cooked ; every prisoner is allowed as much as he 33* 390 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. urn [in mmi $m wwmirn, N. E, Cor. 3d & Chestnut Streets, PHILADELPHIA. KINSLEY & CO.'S EXPRESS FOR New York, Boston, and all the Eastern Cities, No. 89 Chestnut Street, and No. 45 South Third Street. JOHN L. NEWBOLD, No. G3 Walnut, below Dock Street. LEE & WALKER'S MUSIC STORE, SUCCESSORS TO GEORGE WILLIG, NO. 188 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA. Publishers and Importers of Music and Musical Instruments, &c. THE NEW HAT COMPANY, Late of the N. E. Corner Chestnut and Sixth Streets, NOW AT N. E. COR. FIFTH AMD MERCHANT STREETS, BETWEEN CHESTNUT AND MARKET, PHILA. '"JOHN M. BUTLER, COPPERPLATE PRINTER, LATE AT HART'S BUILDING, SIXTH AND CHESTNUT, NOW AT JAYNE'S BUILDING, CHESTNUT BELOW THIRD STREET. 392 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. LIST OF OFFICERS FOR THE CITY, DISTRICTS, AND INSTITUTIONS OF PHILADELPHIA, IN 1852. OFFICERS OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. Mayor. — Charles Gilpin. Recorder. — Robert M. Lee. Treasurer. — John Lindsay. City Clerk— Robert H. Smith. Solicitor. — Edward Olmsted. Clerk of Police. — George W. Davis. Lieutenant of Police. — J. Henry Bulkley. Special Constables. — Joseph Mirkil, E. G. Wood, George Callanan, Saml. Gouldey. High Constables. — Wm. Osborne, Joseph F. Burke, Charles P. Lamb, Chambers C. Davis. Captains of Night Police. — Jacob Bennett, J. Loudenslager, W. A. Fox, Geo. P. Weaver. Lieutenants of Night Police— Jos. M'Cauley, E. J. Fox, W. B. M'Coy, F. Farley. Register and Secretary of Watering Committee. — George W. M'Mahan. Select Council. — President, William Morris. John P. Wethenll, Saunders Lewis, Thomas Robins, Jacob E. Hagert, Albert G. Water- man, Robert Hutchinson, Frederick Lennig, Jacob B. Lancaster, Thomas J. Perkins, Jos. M. Thomas, Francis H. Duffee. Clerk, Edmund Wil- cox. Common Council. — President, Thos. Snowden. John Agnew, Samuel Copeland, George Griscom, Benj. Orne, John Yarrow, Chas. A. Poul- son, John C. Yeager, Charles Abbey, M. S. Wickersham, Edward Y. Farquhar, Daniel B. Hinman, Augustus W. Harker, William Watt, J. M. Scott, Alexander G. Cattell, Harry Conrad, John H. Diehl, Wm. V , Hansell, John Thornley, Ambrose J. White. Clerk. — Craig Biddle. Principal City Surveyor. — Saml. H. Kneass. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. 393 wants, this being found more economical than the mode of individual rations. We refer with pleasure to the moral instruction of the pri- soners. The Rev. W. Alexander fills the office of Instructor, with both credit to himself, and satisfaction to the Inspectors. The female department is regularly attended by a committee of four ladies, belonging to the " Association of Women Friends." The Inspectors and others acquainted with the labours of this Society, speak highly of the wholesome effects resulting from their efforts. Indeed, there is nothing connected with the internal regulations of the prison, that presents a more pleasing and interesting spectacle than the untiring energy and laudable zeal of these truly benevolent ladies. Each convict, on leaving the prison at the expiration of his sentence, is furnished with a suit of decent clothes, and a sum of money for his present wants, as the means of removing him from the immediate temptation to commit crime. The officers of the Prison consist of a superintendent, a clerk, a matron, two deputies, a physician, and a moral in- structor. Tickets of admission can be obtained, by applying to Dr. Burden, President of the Board of Inspectors, Philadelphia College, Fifth below Walnut Street, or from Dr. Bunting, Register of Wills' office, State House Row. THE fire department. In the year 1711, the then Mayor of Philadelphia recom- mended " the procuring of fire-buckets, hooks, ladders, and fire-engines, for the purpose of aiding in extinguishing fires." " This," says Watson, " was a pretty early beginning ; as fire- engines were but of recent invention, and had only been in use in London since 1663." Notwithstanding this recommenda- tion, no active measures were taken in the matter until the 394 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. Treasurer of Girard Trust. — C. S. Smith. Agent of the Girard Estates. — Jas. Hutchinson. City Commissioners. — Thomas Birch, junr., President; Albert G. Hines, Joseph Govett. Commissioner of City Property. — John Diehl. Collectors of Water Rents. — Geo. W. Gillingham, T. Millar, Wm. Patton, J. Crawford Dawes. Superintendent for Cleaning the City. — Henry Bickley. Clerks of High Street Market— Jas. Stille, H. B. Gillingham. Clerk of Second Street Market. — Jas. Glading. Clerk of High Street Market, west of Tenth Street. — P. Conrad. CITY AND COUNTY OFFICERS. Sheriff .— Wm. Deal. Coroner. — Dr. Goldsmith. County Commissioners. — J. C. Dobleman, Adam Shetzline, William Faunce. Solicitor. — William D. Baker. Clerks.— John C. Gerrish, Charles P. Dare, R. Blair, S. P. McReding. County Treasurer. — Robert G. Simpson. Auditors. — Jno. H. Parker, Henry Tunison, Wm. Green. GUARDIANS OF THE POOR. OFFICE, NO. 36 NORTH SEVENTH STREET. President. — Michael Day, Marlborough above Queen Street. Trea- surer. — Wm. G. Flanagan, 39 Almond Street. Secretary. — Calhoun M. Deringer, Office of the Guardians of the Poor. Solicitor. — Henry S. Hagert. VISITERS. For the City. — David A. Cornog, John Hicks, and George W. Pick- ering, at the Office of the Guardians. Southwark. — J. R. Negley, 5 Cox Street. Northern Liberties. — L. Wolf, Third near Green. Unincorporated Northern Liberties. — James O'Donnel, Salmon above Maple. Kensington. — P. F. Wright, Marlborough above Franklin. SpringGarden. — Edward Spain, Ridge Road near Buttonwood. Penn Township. — Thomas Rutter, M.D., Girard Avenue above Schuyl- kill Eighth. Moyamensing. — P. Reilly, Eighth below Catharine. BOARD OF HEALTH. City.—R. M'Crory, John A. Elkinton, M.D., John Lindsay, John C. Martin, E. C. Markley, Edward Duff. Northern Liberties. — Wm. Goodwin, Daniel M. Fox. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. 395 year 1730, when public attention was awakened to the impor- tance of the subject, by a destructive fire, which consumed several houses in Front below Walnut Street. Soon after this event, several hundred buckets and two fire-engines were im- ported from England. The buckets were placed in the court- house, that formerly stood in Market Street, and the engines were stationed, one at the southwest corner of Market and Second Streets, the other at the corner of "Walnut and Front Streets. In the year 1738, Benjamin Franklin, among other patriotic exertions in behalf of his adopted city, succeeded in originating the First Fire Company. At present there are seventy of these praiseworthy associa- tions in the city of Philadelphia and adjoining districts, viz., thirty-five engines, thirty-three hose, and two hook and ladder companies. A highly commendable spirit animates their members. They are ever prompt at the scene of danger, regardless alike of time, distance, or weather. Actions of truly disinterested heroism and intrepidity are of almost daily occurrence among these young men ; and the department has, on more than one occasion within a few years, been called upon to mourn the loss of valuable lives, sacrificed in the discharge of this self- imposed though patriotic duty. The introduction of the Schuylkill water into the city, proved very efficient in the preservation of property from destruction by fire. Previous to that, water was obtained in small quantities, and with considerable trouble, from the pumps, which in most places were few and far between. In the year 1803, Mr. Reuben Haines suggested the idea of attaching a hose to the different fire-plugs, by means of which the engines might be the more readily supplied with water. The improve- ment received the approbation of several of his friends, who that year organized themselves into a fire company, assuming shortly afterwards the title of "The Philadelphia Hose Company." 396 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. Spring Garden. — D. J. Logan, M.D., T. J. Herring. Southwark. — R. G. Simpson, R. Gardiner, M.D. Moyamensing. — Thomas Daly. Kensington. — J. E. Eldridge, C. Delany. Richmond. — O. Evans. Fenn District. — Joseph Wood. West Philadelphia— H. Pleasants, M.D. OFFICERS OF THE BOARD. President. — John Lindsay. Secretary. — R. Gardiner, M.D. Treasurer. — Edward Duff. Solicitor. — J. A. Phillips. Clerk of the Board. — Samuel P. Marks. Steward of Lazaretto. — B. E. Carpenter. Physician of City Hospital.— J. F. Bird, M.D. Matron of City Hospital. — L. Tomlinson. Messenger. — Charles F. Thiesen. Assistant Messenger. — Thomas Bedford. Runner. — David Brown. EXECUTIVE OFFICERS. Health Officer. — William McGlensey. Port Physician. — D. Gilbert, M.D. Lazaretto Physician. — T. J. P. Stokes, M.D. Quarantine Master. — William V. McKean. PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL. Managers. — Lawrence Lewis, W. B. Fling, Frederick Brown, George Stewardson. James R. Greeves, Jacob G. Morris, Mordecai L. Dawson, Clement C. Biddle, John Farnum, 'M.D., Lewis W. Biddle, John M. Whitall. Treasurer. — John T. Lewis. Steward— Wm. G. Malin. Matron. — Harriet P. Smith. Physicians. — Drs. G. B. Wood, William Pepper, William W. Gerhard. Surgeons. — Drs. G. W. Norris, Edward Peace, George Fox. Physicians to the Lying-in Department. — Drs. H. L. Hodge, Joseph Carson. Resident Physicians. — Drs. William Hunt, Addinell Hewson, R. A. F. Penrose. INSANE HOSPITAL. Physicians. — Drs. T. Kirkbride, J. Edwards Lee. Steward. — J. Richards. Matron. — Margaret Richards. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. 397 Another efficient means of preserving the city from the dan- ger of widespread conflagration, was the law of 1796, prohibit- ing the erection of wooden buildings within the city. This excellent act has subsequently been extended, so that at present it embraces all the city proper, and a great portion of the adjoining districts. This department has an Association for the Relief of Disabled Firemen, established and incorporated in 1835. The object of this praiseworthy society is not only the relief of disabled firemen, but also of their widows and orphans, and the relief of such persons, not firemen, who may sustain per- sonal injury by fire apparatus. The funds of the Association, which at present amount to about $17,500, are permanently invested, principally in ground rents, mortgages, &c, the in- terest from which can be appropriated to no other object than that for which the Association was instituted. The total amount distributed for this purpose since the institution of the Association has been nearly $9,000. No benevolent society in our city has stronger claims than this. Each fire company usually consists of about thirty active members, composed for the most part of young men engaged in the active pursuits of life. Great care is taken, and much pride manifested in having their apparatus constructed after the most improved models, and built in the most substantial manner. They are also beautifully, and for the most part, richly ornamented. The following list embraces all the companies comprising the department. engine companies. Assistance, Crown above Race Street. America, Green above Third Street. Columbia, Filbert near Eleventh Street. 34 398 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. PHILADELPHIA DISPENSARY. SOUTH FIFTH, BETWEEN CHESTNUT AND WALNUT STREET. President. — Philip F. Mayer. Secretary. — Caspar Wistar. Managers. — Philip F. Mayer, Samuel Norris, Caspar Wistar, William F. Griffitts, George B. Wood, M.D., Jacob R. Smith, Thomas H. White, Edward Yarnall, Henry I. Morton, John Farnum, Thomas F. Wharton, Alexander Fullerton. Physicians and Surgeons. — Drs. F. W. Lewis, B. H. Rand, W. W. Hooper, W. Blackwood, H. Clark, J. M. Corse. Consulting Physicians and Surgeons. — Drs. Hugh L. Hodge, Georgr W. Norris, Joseph G. Nancrede, William Darrach. Obstetric Physician. — Dr. Joseph Warrington. Apothecary. — Joshua W. Ash, M.D. Assistant. — Dr. J. T. Ware. BANKS. North America. — John Richardson, President ; J. Hockley, Cashier. Discounts on Mondays and Thursdays. Closed 4th July, Christmas, and 1st January. Capital, $1,000,000. Directors — John Richardson, Morris L. Hallowell, Thomas M. Smith, Thomas T. Lea, Edward Yarnall, John H. Brown, William W. Keen, Thomas Smith, A. J. Lewis, Jacob P. Jones, Benjamin T. Curtis, Henry Sloan ; Notary, Edmund Wilcox, 128 Chestnut Street. Pennsylvania. — Joseph Trotter, President ; George Philler, Cashier. Discounts on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Closed 4th July, Christmas, and 1st January. Capital, $1,875,000. Directors — Joseph Trotter, Mor- decai D. Lewis, L. Lewis, Jr., Lewis Wain, William E. Hacker, Daniel Deal, Robert Ralston, Gideon Scull, William Geisse, John Thomas, Daniel Smith, Jr., Gideon G. Westcott ; Notary, Edmund Wilcox, 128 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia. — Thomas Robins, President; B. B. Comegys, Cashier. Discounts on Mondays and Thursdays. Closed 4th July, Christmas, and 1st January. Capital, $1,150,000. Directors — Thomas Robins, Samuel F. Smith, John Welsh, Samuel W. Jones, Joshua Longstreth, Quintin Campbell, Richard D. Wood, John W. Claghorn, William S. Boyd, John Devereux, Samuel Welsh, John Yarrow, Joseph Swift ; Notary — J. P. Brobston, 5 Library Street. Farmers' and Mechanics 1 . — S. A. Mercer, President ; Edwin M. Lewis, Cashier. Discounts on Tuesdays and Fridays. Closed 4th July, Christ- mas, and 1st January. Capital, $1,250,000. Directors — Singleton A. Mercer, J. W. Throckmorton, Samuel C. Morton, Henry White, John C. Farr, Robert V. Massey, Patrick Brady, George W. Farnum, Seth Craige, John Ashhurst, I. P. Hutchinson, Francis Tete, Isaac R. Davis; Notary— Peter Crans, 110 South Third Street. Mechanics'. — Joseph B. Mitchell, President ; William Thaw, Cashier. Discounts on Tuesdays and Fridays. Closed 4th July, Christmas, and 1st January. Capital, $1,400,000. Directors — Joseph B. Mitchell, VVil- THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. 399 Diligent, Tenth and Filbert Streets. Fairmotjnt, Ridge Road above Wood Street. Friendship, Brown below Third Street. Franklin, Catharine above Third Street. Good-Will, Race near Broad Street. Good-Intent, Allen near the Frankford Road. Globe, Germantown Road near Second Street. Hibernia, Walnut above Second Street. Hope, Sixth below Shippen Street, Moyamensing. Harmony, Eighth near Arch Street. Humane, Callowhill near Third Street, Northern Liberties. Hand-in-Hand, Ninth above Poplar Street, District of Spring Garden. Kensington, Queen above Marlborough Street, Kensington. Mechanic, Brown below Ridge Road, Spring Garden. Northern Liberty, Front below Green Street, Northern Liberties. Philadelphia, Schuylkill Sixth above Walnut Street. Phosnix, Zane above Seventh Street. Reliance, New above Second Street. Southwark, Third above Washington Street, Southwark. United States, Fourth above Wood, Northern Liberties. Vigilant, Race below Second Street. Washington, Lombard below Eleventh Street. Western, Callowhill near Schuylkill Eighth Street, Spring- Garden. Weccacoe, Queen below Second Street, Southwark. In addition to these there is the Washington, in Frankford. Rittenhouse, in Roxborough. Liberty, in Bustleton. 400 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. liam R. Thompson, Charles Leland, James H. Hart, Charles B. Camphell, G. D. Rosengarten, William M.Clarke, James Dunlap, John Anspach, Jr ' Benjamin W. Tingley, Marshall Hill, George H. Stuart, William H. Ba- con ; Notary — Edmund Wilcox, 128 Chestnut Street. Girard. — Charles S. Boker, President ; William L. Schaffer, Cashier. Discounts on Thursdays. Closed 4th July, Christmas, and 1st January. Directors — Charles S. Boker, Samuel C. Ford, J. L. Claghorn, Thomas Beaver, Robert K. Neff, Jacob Bigonet, Reuben Lukens, H. Cowper- thwait, Charles H. Craige, Thomas T. Butcher, C. W. Churchman, John R. White, Charles Schaffer; Notary— Peter Crans, 110 South Third Street. Western. — Joseph Patterson, President ; George M. Troutman, Cashier. Discounts on Tuesdays and Fridays. Closed 4th July, Christmas, and 1st January. Capital, $500,000. Directors — Joseph Patterson, Charles S. Wood, John Wright, William Camm, William A. Blanchard, M. Brooke Buckley, John R. Worrell, William A. Everly, Samuel E. Stokes, Isaac Jeanes, Morris Patterson, H. L. Carson, Cornelius Stevenson ; Notary, J. Brobston, 5 Library Street. Commercial. — Jacob M.Thomas, President ; J. J. Cope, Cashier. Dis- counts on Tuesdays and Fridays. Closed 4th July, Christmas, and 1st January. Capital $1,000,000. Directors— Jacob M. Thomas, Joseph Jones, Newberry A. Smith, Alfred Fassitt, John Trucks, Samuel Brooks, William Wainwright, George Fales, Ward B. Haseltine, Washington Brown, George W. Steever, John G. Whelan, George Campbell ; Notary — J. Brobston, 5 Library Street. Manufacturers' 1 and Mechanics'. — John Jordan, Jr., President ; M. W. Woodward, Cashier. Discounts on Tuesdays and Fridays. Closed 4th July, Christmas, and 1st January. Capital, $300,000. Directors — John Jordan, Jr., Joseph H. Seal, Frederick Gaul, William P. Cresson, N. Randolph, William C. Kent, Joseph B. Myers, David Woelpper, John Gilbert, Curwen Stoddart, George W. Carpenter, Edwin Spooner, John Phillips; Notary, John H. Bringhurst. Northern Liberties. — R. L. Pitfield, President; — S. W. Caldwell, Cashier. Discounts on Tuesdays and Fridays. Closed 4th July, Christ- mas, and 1st January. Capital $350,000. Directors— R. L. Pitfield, Tho- mas Hart, Samuel Grant, Benjamin Baker, Joseph T. Mather, Isaac Koons, Charles Koons, E. W. Keyser, Joshua Lippincott, Charles J. Sutter, Cephas G. Childs, Peter A. Keyser, R. B. Kirkpatrick, John Naglee, Jr., Henry Grim ; Notary, Charles H. Roberts, 279 North Third Street. Penn Township. — Elijah Dallett, President ; James Russell, Cashier. Discounts on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Closed 4th July, Christmas, and 1st January. Capital, $225,000. Directors — Elijah Dallett, James H. Stroup, William C. Ludwig, John Dallett, John P. Steiner, William H. Love, Henry Budd, William P. Sharpless, Amos Ellis, James S. Medara, James H. Deas, Joseph Reakirt, Samuel Schober ; Notary, Peter Crans, 110 South Third Street. Southward. — James S. Smith, President ; John B. Austin, Cashier. Discounts on Mondays and Thursdays. Closed 4th July, Christmas, and 1st January. Capital, $250,000. Directors— J. S. Smith, Jr., Walter Thompson, Joseph B. Andrews, Francis J. Rue, J. Williamson, Jr.. James Spencer, Richard H. Morrell, John Burton, William Clark, D. H. Flick wir, H. O'Donnell, Louis Roberts, George W. Smith ; Notary, Peter Crans, 110 South Third Street. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. 401 Union, Rising Sun Village. Bustleton, in Bustleton. Columbia, in German town. Decatur, in Frankford. Fellowship, in G-ermantown. Franklin, in Germantown, and The Good-Intent, in Roxborough. Thirty-seven in all. HOSE COMPANIES. America, Carpenter Street below Seventh. Columbia, Cherry above Seventh Street. Carroll, Fourth above Master Street, Kensington. Diligent, Madison above Race Street. Fairmount, Ridge Road and Eleventh Street. Franklin, Broad above Fitzwater Street. Good-Will, Wood near Nixon Street, Spring Garden. Good-Intent, Prune near Fourth Street. Hibernia, Master Street near the Germantown Road. Hope, Union below Second Street. Humane, Wood near Third Street, Northern Liberties. Independence, George Street near Cohocksink Creek, Ken- sington. Jackson, Margaretta below Second Street. Kensington, Queen Street, Kensington. Lafayette, Fourth near Brown Street, Northern Liberties. Moyamensing, Eighth below Fitzwater Street, Moyamen- sing. Marion, Queen below Sixth Street, Southwark. Neptune, Crown below Vine Street. Northern Liberty, New Market above Coates Street, Northern Liberties. 34* 402 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. Kensington. — Jonathan Wainwright, President ; Charles Keen, Cashier. Discounts on Tuesdays and Fridays. Closed 4th July, Christmas, and 1st January. Capital, $250,000. Directors — Jonathan Wainwright, Mi- chael Day, Hugh Smith, Samuel Magargee, Jacob P. Donaldson, Alex- ander Peterson, Lewis Shinnick, John T. Smith, William T. M'Neely, Eli Garrison, Andrew M'Bride, John Taylor, Samuel P. Stratton ; Soli- citor — St. George T. Campbell; Notary — Samuel S. Clements. United States. — Office No. 70 Walnut Street. J. Robertson, Presi- dent. Bank of Commerce. — Adolph E. Borie, President ; J. C. Donnell, Cash- ier. Discounts on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Closed 4th July, Christ- mas, and 1st January. Capital, $250,000. Directors — Adolph E. Borie, Wm. E. Bowen, Rodney Fisher, Charles Henry Fisher, A. W. Thomp- son, W. W. Longstreth, Alex. Brown, Edward C. Knight, Thos. B. Wattson, Thorndike Deland, Alfred Slade, Peter Cullen, J. M'Alister; Notary, J. Brobston, 5 Library Street. Tradesmen's, Southwest corner of Second and Spruce Street. — Charles H. Rogers, President; John C. Curran, Cashier. Discounts on Wed- nesdays and Saturdays. Closed 4th July, Christmas, and 1st January. Chartered, 1847. Capital, $150,000. Directors— Charles H. Rogers, John Carrow, Archibald M'Intyre, Robert Coane, Howell Evans, Elijah Jones, Joseph Feinour, James M'Cann, Archibald Robertson, Edward J. Kenney, William Wells, Jacob Weaver, J. B. Bloodgood; Notary, J. Brobston, 5 Library Street. State Bank at Camden. — John Gill, President; A. M'Calla, Cashier. Discounts on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Office No. 12 Church Alley. Directors — John Gill, John M. Kaighn, Joseph W. Cooper, S. W. Jones, John O. Boyd, J. J. Spencer, Charles C. Stratton, James Good, John M. Taylor, S. R. Lippincott, Charles Reeves, Richard Fetters; Notary, J. H. Porter, Camden, N. J. CUSTOM HOUSE. Collector. — Wm. D. Lewis. Deputy Collectors. — Charles Triechel, Charles M. Prevost. Naval Officer. — Peter C. Ellmaker. Deputy Naval Officer. — John D. George. Surveyor. — Wm B. Norris. Deputy Surveyor. — R. T. Conrad. Directions. — The Desks are numbered, from 1 toll, and the business done at each Desk is as follows : No. 1. Fees and Cash Duties received. Collector and Naval Officer. Counter. Deputy Collector's. Counter. Deputy Naval Officer's. No. 2. Estimating and Liquidating Duties. No. 3. Weigher. No. 4. Debenture Coastwise. No. 5. Export, Debenture, Bounty, &c. No. 6. Warehousing. No. 7. Bonds and Permits. No. 8. Naval Officer. Duties, Exports, &c. No. 9. Invoices, Protections, and Marine Hospital. Counter. Entrance and Clearance of Vessels. No. 10. Registers, Enrolments and Licenses. No. 11. Miscellaneous. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. 403 Niagara, Plum near Third Street, South wark. Philadelphia, Seventh above Market Street. Perseverance, Quarry near Third Street. Pennsylvania, Eighth above Spring Garden Street, Spring Garden. Robert Morris, Lombard above Eighth. Resolution, Cherry above Fifth Street. Ringgold, Randolph above Franklin Street. Schuylkill, Locust above Twelfth Street. Spring Garden, Parrish below Twelfth Street, Spring Garden. South Penn, Tenth near Thompson, Penn District. . Southwark, Second and South Street. Shiffler, Moyamensing Road below Federal Street, South- wark. United States, Tammany near Fourth Street, Northern Liberties. Vigilant, Federal below Eighth Street. Washington, Ninth above Filbert Street. Western, Schuylkill Third above Lombard. William Penn, Frankford Road near Franklin Avenue, and Weccacoe, Catharine near Front Street, Southwark. Thirty-seven in all. HOOK AND LADDER COMPANIES. The Empire, Franklin above Wood Street, Spring Garden, and, The Keystone. This is a new Association ; they have not obtained their apparatus yet, but expect to do so early in the season. 404 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. inspectors' offices. Office for the Northern District, above Race Street. The Northern District extends from the North side of Market Street to Gunner's Run. Office for the Middle District, 32 South Wharves, corner of Ton Alley. The Middle District extends from the south side of Market to the north side of Spruce Street. Office for the Southern District, 92 South Wharves. The Southern District extends from the south side of Spruce Street to the Navy Yard. PHILADELPHIA EXCHANGE. President. — Thomas C. Rockhill. Treasurer. — Charles S. Boker. Secretary. — John R. Wucherer. Superintendent. — Michael Dunn. Managers. — Robert Ewing, Charles S. Boker, Thomas C. Rockhill, J. J. Vanderkemp, Stephen Baldwin, Wm. Piatt, W. E. Bowen, Thomas Pratt, John R. Wucherer. INSURANCE COMPANIES. FIRE AND MARINE. North America. — Office No. 60 Walnut Street, south side, east of Third. President, Arthur G. Coffin ; Secretary, Henry D. Sherrerd. Capital $500,000. Shares $10. Dividends, January and July. Insurance Company of the State of Pennsylvania. — Office No. 4 Ex- change. President, John Stewart ; Secretary, William Harper. Capital $200,000. Shares $200. Dividends, February and August. Delaware Mutual Safety Insurance Company. — Office (north room of the Exchange) Third Street. President, William Martin ; Vice-President, Thomas C. Hand; Secretary, Joseph W. Cowan. Marine Risks and Risks by Steamboats, Railroads, Rivers, and Lakes insured on the most favourable terms. Losses will be liberally and promptly adjusted. Fire Risks on Merchandise, Buildings, and other property insured, either in town or country, for a limited time or permanently. Columbia. — Office No. 5 Exchange. President, George F. M'Call- mont ; Secretary, C. Marquedant Burns. Charter perpetual. MARINE. Union Mutual. — Office northeast corner Third and Walnut Street, in the Exchange Buildings. President, Richard S. Smith; Secretary, George Lewis. Capital $300,000. Dividends, January. The original stockholders being paid their reserved capital, the profits will hereafter be divided annually among those who have paid premiums during the year, in proportion to the amounts of their earned premiums. Phoenix Mutual. — Office No. 52 Walnut Street. President, John R. Wucherer; Secretary, David Lewis. Capital $240,000. Shares $20 Dividends, January. American Mutual. — Office No. 56 Walnut Street. President, William Craig ; Vice-President, Thomas Allibone ; Secretary, Davis B. Stacey. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 405 CHAPTER XL INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. Perhaps in no particular has society changed to a greater extent, within the last fifty years, than in the mode and rapidity of travelling. In those days, a journey to New York or Baltimore, or even to Trenton, was both a long and tedious one, accomplished, for the most part, on horseback, or in wagons. In 1775, six weeks were occupied in going to and returning from Boston ; and at a still later period, it took ten or twelve days to make the journey to New York, a distance now accomplished in four and a half hours. Then the post- carrier was the most important personage in the community ; his arrival, announced by his well-known horn, was the cause of a much greater sensation in the community than that now excited by " the latest news from Europe." The first improvement towards facilitating the communica- tion between distant parts of the country, was the construction of turnpike roads. This subject early attracted the attention of the public in this State, particularly of the city of Phila- delphia. In 1791, the Lancaster Turnpike Company was in- corporated, and the road opened to travel in 1795. In 1804, the Germantown and Perkiomen Turnpike-road Company was chartered, and the road completed two years afterwards. The advantages of these enterprises, being the first of the kind in the United States, soon led to the establishment of others. At present there are no less than one hundred and seventy of these companies in Pennsylvania, having together over four thousand miles of turnpike road. 406 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. Washington Mutual Insurance Company. — Office No. 58 Walnut Street. President, Charles S. Riche; Secretary, Henry M. Springer. Mercantile Mutual Insurance Company. — Office, 50 Walnut Street. President, Edward Harris Miles ; Vice-President, Wm. M. Godwin ; Secretary, John C. Keffer. FIRE. Philadelphia Contributionship. — Office No. 96 South Fourth Street. In- corporated March 25th, 1752. James S. Smith, Treasurer and Secretary. Mutual Assurance. — Office No. 54 Walnut Street. President, Richard Willing; Treasurer and Secretary, Lawrence Lewis. American. — Office No. 72 Walnut Street. President, Samuel C. Mor- ton ; Secretary, Jos. G. Mitchell. Capital $375,000. Pennsylvania Fire Insurance. — Office 134 Walnut Street. President, Quintin Campbell; Secretary, Beaton Smith. Capital, by law, $400,000. Charter perpetual. Franklin.— Office No. 163! Chestnut Street. President, Charles N. Bancker; Secretary, Charles G. Bancker. Capital, $400,000, paid in. Shares $100. Dividends, April and October. Charter perpetual. Fire Association. — Office No. 34 North Fifth Street. President, George W. Tryon ; Treasurer and Secretary, Wm. T. Butler. County Fire— Office No. 248 North Third Street. President, Charles J. Sutter ; Secretary, Jacob F. Hoeckley. Capital $400,000. Charter per- petual. Dividends January and July. Spring Garden Mutual. — Office northwest corner of Sixth and Wood Streets. President, L. Shuster ; Secretary, L. Krumbhaar. Charter per- petual. Reliance Mutual Insurance Company. — Office southwest corner of Walnut and Fifth Streets. President, George W. Toland ; Secretary, B. M. Hinchman. Philadelphia Insurance Company. — Office No. 44 Walnut Street, South- west corner of Dock. President, Joseph Cowperthwait ; Vice-President, Joseph M. Thomas; Secretary, William Martin, Jr. LIVES AND ANNUITIES. Pennsylvania Company for Insurance on Lives and Granting Annuities. — Office No. 66 Walnut Street. President, Hyman Gratz ; Actuary, Wm. B. Hill. Capital $500,000. Shares $100. Dividends January and July. Charter perpetual. The Girard Life Insurance, Annuity, and Trust Company, of Philadel- phia. — Office No. 132 Chestnut Street. President, Thomas Ridgway ; Treasurer and Actuaiy, John F. James. Capital $300,000. Charter per- petual. Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company. — Office northeast corner of Third and Dock Streets. President, Daniel L.Miller; Vice-President, Samuel E. Stokes ; Secretary, John W. Hornor. Capital $215,000. Equitable Mutual Life Insurance Company. — Office, northeast corner Fourth and Chestnut Streets. President, Peter Cullen ; Vice-President, William M. Baird; Secretary and Actuary, J. D. Miles. United States Life Insurance Annuity and Trust Company. — Office southeast corner Third and Chestnut Streets. President, Stephen R. Crawford ; Secretary and Treasurer, Charles G. Imley. Actuary, Pliny Fisk. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 407 We learn from good authority, that, from the establishment of the first-named of these corporations, to the year 1824, the enormous sum of $22,000,000 was expended in this State on turnpikes, bridges, canals, and railroads. Thus, strange as it may appear to the general reader, Pennsylvania took, if not the first, an early and an active part in introducing that splendid system of internal improvement now so characteristic of the United States. Before any of her sister States appreciated their importance, Pennsylvania had adopted an harmonious chain of canals and railroads, which, when fully completed, will intersect every part of the State, leaving no point at a greater distance from those great highways than, at most, thirty miles. If she failed at an earlier day in accomplishing so desirable an object, it was not for want of the spirit of enterprise, but rather, that she was too much in advance of the age. If for a time sus- pended, these improvements were not abandoned. Our citizens have again entered the field with renewed and determined energy. The great Central or Pennsylvania Railroad, which is to bind this city to the fertile Valley of the Mississippi, and to open untold avenues of trade to our merchants and tradesmen, is now rapidly progressing towards completion. Nor is this work, vast though it be, all that now engrosses the attention of the citizens of Pennsylvania. Companies have been char- tered, and means are being procured to complete those lines projected to reach the Lakes, the trade of which already ex- ceeds in value the whole foreign commerce of the Union. The Columbia and Pennsylvania Railroad. — Depot, Market, west of Broad Street ; Directors' Office, Walnut, west of Third Street. This road, when completed, will form a continuous route from the west end of the Market Street Bridge, through Lancaster, Columbia, Harrisburg, Lewistown, 408 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. Hartford Life and Health Insurance Company. — Office No. 145 Chest- nut Street. President, J. Dixon ; Secretary, H. L. Miller ; Agents, Gil- lett & Coggshall. Philadelphia Life Insurance Company. — Office northwest corner Third and Walnut Streets. President, R. P. King ; Secretary, F. Blackburne. National Safety Insurance and Trust Company — Saving Fund. — Office 62 Walnut Street. President, Henry L. Benner ; Secretary, William J. Reed. Globe Insurance and Trust Company. — No. 312 North Second Street. Osmon Reed, President ; Samuel Bonnell, Cashier. Directors — Osmon Reed, Howell Hopkins, Elijah Tyson, Henry Simons, Peter Fisher, George Butz, Jr., John Smith, James D. Whetham. RAILROAD, COAL, AND CANAL COMPANIES. Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company. — Office No. 82 South Second Street. President, James Cox; Secretary, Edwin Walter; Treasurer, Otis Ammidon. Schuylkill Navigation Company. — Office, 72 Walnut Street. President, Frederick Fraley ; Secretary and Treasurer, Charles W. Bacon. Union Canal Company. — Office No. 56 Walnut Street (Farquhar Build- ings). President, R. B. Davidson ; Secretary and Treasurer, Oscar Thompson. Capital, $2,800,000. Camden and Amboy Railroad and Transportation Company. — Office No. 45 South Wharves (up stairs). President, Robert L. Stevens ; Treasurer, James S. Green. Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Company. — Office 64? Walnut Street, President, C. Newbold, Jr. Secretary and Treasurer, Peter Lesley. Mount Carbon Railroad Company. — Office No. 78£ Walnut Street. President, J. R. White , Secretary and Treasurer, James C. Donnell. The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company. — Office corner of Fourth and Willing's Alley. Depot, Broad and Cherry Streets. Presi- dent, John Tucker; Secretary and Treasurer, Samuel Bradford. Mount Carbon and Port Carbon Railroad Company. — Office Library Street. President, J. Tucker; Secretary and Treasurer, M. Campbell. Schuylkill Valley Navigation and Railroad Company. — Office Library Street. President, J. Tucker; Secretary and Treasurer, M. Campbell. Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad Company. — Office No. 7 Library Street ; President, S. M. Felton; Secretary and Treasurer, Alex. Campbell. Philadelphia and Trenton Railroad Company. — Office No. 46 South Wharves (up stairs). President, W. G. Alexander ; Treasurer, J. R. Thomson ; Secretary, James Morrell. Delaware Coal Company. — Office No. 78£ Walnut Street. President, J. R. White; Secretary, William Robinson, Jr. The LAttle Schuylkill Navigation, Railroad, and Coal Company. — Office 80h Walnut Street. President, F. N. Buck; Secretary and Treasurer, G. H. Newkirk. Philadelphia, Germantown, and N or ristown Railroad Company. — Office corner of Ninth and Green Streets. President, Wm. E. Morris; Trea- surer, John F. Watson. Buck Mountain Coal Company.— No. 82 Walnut Street. President. F A. Comly ; Secretary and Treasurer, Thos. H. Trotter. RAILROADS. 409 Huntingdon, Hollidaysburg, and Pittsburg, to Beaver ; thence through Salem, Masillon, Wooster, Mansfield, Columbus, Springfield, Dayton, to Cincinnati. A branch intersects this road at Salem, leading to Cleveland; another at Bellefonte, which will run through Indianapolis to Terre Haute in In- diana. This branch it is contemplated to carry through the State of Illinois to St. Louis, thence to Independence, where it will unite with the great Oregon route. The importance of this great Central or Pennsylvania Railroad to the prosperity of Philadelphia, cannot be too highly appreciated by her citizens. Philadelphia, Reading, and Pottsville Railroad. — Depots, corner of Yine and Broad Streets, and corner of Cherry and Broad Streets. Directors' Office, Fourth below Walnut Street. This road commences at Broad and Vine Streets, thence on the east side of the river Schuylkill to the Columbia Bridge, where it crosses to the west side, thence following the river to Reading, Pottsville, Sunbury, Northumberland, and Williamsport. This road is one of the most valuable in the State, running as it does through the richest coal region in Pennsylvania. It has, by its extensive means of transit, contributed to make our city the coal market of the Atlantic States. It is contemplated to extend a branch, one of great importance, too, from this road at Pottsville, to Elmira, where it will intersect the New York and Erie Railroad. When this project is carried out it will materially benefit the trade of Philadelphia, by securing, not only the custom and travel of the northern counties of Pennsylvania, but, to a great extent, that also of Western New York, Canada, and the Northwestern States. A branch leaves this road at the Schuylkill Falls, and crosses by a beautiful viaduct to the east bank, thence pursues an eastern course to Port Richmond. 35 410 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. Beaver Meadow Railroad and Coal Company. — Office No. 84 Walnut Street. President, W. W. Longstreth; Treasurer and Secretary, Lloyd Chamberlain. Capital $1,000,000. Hazleton Coal Company. — No. 81 Walnut Street. President, Samuel Moore; Treasurer, Benjamin Davis. Capital $400,000. Mine Hill and Schuylkill- Haven Railroad Company. — Office, Hall of the Franklin Institute. President, J. C. Cresson; Secretary and Trea- surer, Samuel Mason. North Branch Iron and Coal Company. — Office No. 76£ Walnut Street. President, Wm. H. Winder; Secretary, John S. Riddle; Treasurer, Samuel Ashmead. Pennsylvania Railroad Company. — Office No. 70 Walnut Street. Pre- sident, J. Edgar Thomson ; Secretary, Thomas T. Firth ; Treasurer, Geo. V. Bacon. Tioga Railroad Company. — Office No. 25 Philadelphia Exchange. Pre- sident, Joseph W. Ryerss ; Treasurer and Secretary, A. E. Dougherty. Harrisburg, Portsmouth, Mount Joy, and Lancaster Railroad Company. Office No. 95£ Walnut Street. President, Joseph Yeager ; Secretary and Treasurer, George Taber. Philadelphia and Havre De Grace Steam Tow-Boat Company. — Office 64J Walnut Street. President, Wm. S. Smith; Secretary and Treasurer, P. Lesley. Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike Road Company. — Office southeast corner Walnut and Third Streets (second floor). President, ; Treasurer, Joseph Perot. Frankford and Bristol Turnpike Road Company. — Office 64? Walnut Street. Treasurer, R. P. Lardner. Mill Creek and Mine Hill Navigation and Railroad Company. — Office, Library Street. President, J. Tucker; Secretary and Treasurer, M. Campbell. Siskovnt Mining Company of Michigan. — Office 130 Arch Street. Pre- sident, Sol. Alter ; Secretary and Treasurer, Jas. G. Clark. Ontonagon Mining Company of Michigan. — Office 95£ Walnut Street. President, Clement Marsh; Secretary and Treasurer, Jos. H. Trotter. Northwest Mining Company of Michigan. — Office 46£ Walnut Street. President, Jas. G. Clark; Secretary, Jonn Fausset. Eagle Gold Mining Company. — Office No. 8, back of 95£ Walnut Street. President, James G. Clark ; Treasurer, J. H. Trotter. RAILROADS. 411 Philadelphia and Trenton Railroad. — Passengers by this road leave the foot of Walnut Street by steamboat, for Tacony, thence by railway through Bristol and Morrisville to Trenton ; thence by the Trenton and New York Railroad, through Princeton, New Brunswick, and Newark, to Jersey City ; thence by ferry to New York. Camden and Amboy Railroad. — This line leaves Phila- delphia at Walnut Street wharf by ferry to Camden, thence by railway through Burlington, Bordentown, Hightstown, to Amboy ; thence by steamboat, via the Raritan River, to New York. This route we recommend particularly to the tourist. Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad. — Depot, at present, Market, near Eleventh Street. Directors' office, Library Street, between Fourth and Fifth Streets. This great southern route extends from Broad and Prime Streets, through Chester, Wilmington, Havre de Grace, Baltimore, Washington, Fredericksburg, Richmond, Charleston, Savannah, Montgomery, and Mobile, to New Orleans. Norristown and Germantown Railroad. — Depot, Ninth and Green Streets. This road extends to Norristown, passing through Manayunk. About three miles north of the city, a branch leaves this road, and runs to Germantown. West Chester Railroad, Depot, Broad near Race Street, extends from a point on the Columbia and Pennsylvania Rail- road, about twenty-two miles from Philadelphia, to West Chester. The City Railroad, extends from the west side of the Schuylkill River, which it crosses by Market Street Bridge, to Third Street, down Third to Dock Street, thence to the Dela- ware River. A branch runs north and south on Broad Street, from Vine to South or Cedar Street. Southwark Railroad, unites with the City Railroad, at Broad and South Streets, from whence it runs to Washington Street j then down that street to the Delaware River. 412 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS, IN 1852, TOGETHER WITH ALL OTHER PUBLICATIONS OF LINDSAY &. BIAKISTON, PHILADELPHIA, CAN BE HAD OF THE PRINCIPAL BOOKSELLERS IN THE UNITED STATES, INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING '. MAINE. Masters, Smith & Co., ----- Hallowell. George Lord, ------ Portland. E. F. Duren & Co., Bangor. NEW HAMPSHIRE. J. F. Shores, ------- Portsmouth. Currier & Hall, ------ Concord. J. & J. Prentiss, ------ Keene. MASSACHUSETTS. Ticknor & Co., ------ Boston. Gould & Lincoln, ------ Do. Crosby, Nichols & Co., - - - - - Do. S. K. Whipple & Co., - - - - - Do. Redding & Co., Do. Hotchkiss & Co , Do. Fetridge & Co., - - - - - Do. John Bartlett, ------ Cambridge. H. Whipple, Salem. J. Philbrick, ------- Lowell. Hopkins, Bridgman & Co., - Northampton. Merriam, Chapin & Co., - - - - Springfield. E. N. Tucker, ------ Worcester. C. Taber, New Bedford. CONNECTICUT. S. Babcock, New Haven. W. J. Hammersley, Hartford. VERMONT. E. Smith & Co., . - - - - Burlington. BRIDGES. 413 Northern Liberties and Spring Garden, or Willow Street Railroad, leaves the Reading Railroad at Broad Street, and runs down Willow Street to the Delaware River. A branch up Ninth Street connects this road to the Norristown Railroad. Steamboats leave Philadelphia daily for New York, Balti- more, Trenton, Wilmington, Salem, Chester, Newcastle, Bridge- ton, Burlington, and Bristol. A line also runs, during the bathing season, to Cape May. Nor must we forget the popu- lar line of steamboats plying on the romantic Schuylkill ; from Fairmount to the Columbia Bridge, Laurel Hill, and Mana- yunk. Ferry-boats run every half hour to G-loucester and Red Bank, and every hour to Port Richmond, Bridesburg, and Tacony. Those to Camden run every five minutes. None of these ferry-boats charge more than six and a quarter cents per trip. Bridges. — There are eight Bridges in the vicinity of Phila- delphia. The Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Rail- road Bridge, at Gray's Ferry. This is a drawbridge; one side of it is appropriated to carriages and foot passengers. It has lately been strengthened by the erection of new arches, to allow the passage of locomotives, which the Company design to run to their new depot at Broad and Prime Streets. The Market Street Railroad Bridge, formerly The Permanent Bridge, was altered in 1850, so as to allow the City Railroad to form a connexion with the Columbia and Penn- sylvania Railroad. The structure is supported by two massive stone piers, and two abutments, with wing-walls. The western pier was sunk, at a great expense, to the depth of forty feet below mean tide. Over seven thousand five hundred tons of stone were used in its construction. The railway occupies the 35* 414 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. RHODE ISLAND. G. H. Whitney, Providence. Glading & Co., Do. W. & J. H. Barber, - Newport. NEW YORK. 0. A. Roorback, City. G. P. Putnam, Do. John Wiley, - Do. D. Appleton & Co., - - - - - Do. Mason & Law, ------ Do. A. S. Barnes & Co., - Do. Cady & Burgess, ------ Do. Pratt, Woodford & Co., - - - - - Do. Stringer & Townsend, ----- Do. De Witt & Davenport, ----- Do. Adriance, Sherman & Co., - - - • - Do. Charles Scribner, Do. J. B. Bailliere, Do. Little & Co., - - Albany. E. H. Pease & Co., ----- Do. Gray & Sprague, ------ Do. Merriam & Moore, ------ Troy. Stoddart & Babcock, ----- Syracuse. Derby, Wood & Co., Geneva. Wells & Selkreg, Ithaca. E. Darrow, ------- Rochester. D. M. Dewey & Co.. ----- Do. J. W. Fuller & Co., - - - - - - Utica. G. H. Derby & Co., Buffalo. H. M. Butler, - Do. Alden, Beardsley & Co., - - - - - Auburn. PENNSYLVANIA. Luke Loomis, ------- Pittsburg. J. S. Read, Do. C. H. Kay, Do. F. Wyeth, ------- Harrisburg. W. H. Spangler, ------ Lancaster. N. F. Spangler, ------ Columbia. John Ritter & Co., ------ Reading. J. Louden, ------- Carlisle. Shryock & Read, ------ Chambersburg. J. R. McMullin, ------ Easton. G. F. Worrell, - Westchester. J. Flint, Williamsport. R. H. Guyn, ------- Mercersburg. B. Bannan, Pottsville. W. H. Butler, - Wilkesbarre. Mr. Buchler, ------- Gettysburg. Mr. Oswell, ------- York. BRIDGES. 415 MARKET STREET RAILROAD BRIDGE. north side, the south side being appropriated to carriages. Outside of each way, are accommodations for foot passengers, protected by substantial railings. It is free of toll. The Fairmount Bridge. — The first bridge erected on this site was a beautiful and unique structure. It consisted of a single arch, of three hundred and forty feet span, resting on abutments of stone. This span was said to have been at least ninety feet longer than that of any other bridge in the world. After its destruction by fire, the present elegant suspension bridge was erected by the county, in 1841, at a cost of $55,000. It is much admired for its beauty and simplicity, as well as the ingenuity of its construction. The additional bridges are, The Columbia Bridge, The Richmond Railroad Bridge, at the Schuylkill Falls ; one at Manayunk, one at Flat Rock, above Manayunk, and the Norristown Railroad Bridge, over the Wissahiccon River. 416 PEIILADELPHIA AS IT IS. DELAWARE. J. T. Heald, Wilmington. MARYLAND. Cushing & Bailey, Baltimore. Armstrong & Berry, Do. T. N. Kurtz, Do. J. S. Waters, Do. Burgess, Taylor & Co., ----- Do. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. F. Taylor, ------- Washington. Taylor & Maury, ------ Do. R. Farnham, ------- Do. VIRGINIA. Robert Bell, - Alexandria. R. C. Barclay, Norfolk. E. P. Nash & Co., Petersburg. Gaines & Richie, Do. C. B. White, ------- Fredericksburg. Wurteubaker & Fife, ----- Charlottesville. C. P. McKinnie, Do. Nash & Woodhouse, - Richmond. A. Morris & Brother, ----- Do. Harold & Murray, Do. J. W. Randolph & Co., Do. Methodist Book Concern, - Do. Payne & Brother, ------ Lynchburg. R. Garwood, ------- Wheeling. J. G. Alderson, ______ Lewisburg. Watts, Estill & Co., White Sulphur Springs. NORTH CAROLINA. H. D. Turner, Raleigh. F. Watson, ------- Newbern. E. J. Hale, - Fayetteville. Mr. Peirce, ------- Wilmington. D. Clewell, Salem. SOUTH CAROLINA. McCarter & Allen, ------ Charleston. John Russell, - Do. J. M. Greer, Do. W. R. Babcock, Do. S. Hart, sen., ------ Do. M. B. Earle, Greenville. Allen & M'Carter, ------ Columbia. A. Young, ------- Camden. THE PRINCIPAL HOTELS. 417 Canals. — Connected with the city are The Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, Union Canal, The Pennsylvania Canal, Delaware Branch from Delaware to Easton, where it intersects The Lehigh Navigation Company's works, on the Lehigh River, and The Schuylkill Navigation Com- pany's works on the Schuylkill River. The Turnpike Roads are The Lancaster Turnpike, The G-ermantown and Perkiomen Turnpike, The Frank- ford and Bristol Turnpike, The Ridge Turnpike, and The Cheltenham and Willow Grove Turnpike Roads. These roads have all been constructed by incorporated com- panies. THE PRINCIPAL HOTELS. The Hotels of Philadelphia excel in the elegance, comfort, and convenience of their interior arrangement and accommoda- tion. The United States Hotel, Chestnut Street, opposite the Custom House, is one of the largest and best-managed esta- blishments in the City. Jones's Hotel, Chestnut Street, between Sixth and Seventh Streets. This house combines all that is requisite to render the stranger's sojourn pleasant and desirable. The Columbia House, situated in Chestnut Street, opposite the last-named, is also an excellent house ; its enterprising pro- prietors spare no effort or expense to render it one of the best in Philadelphia. The Washington House, Chestnut Street, between Se- venth and Eighth Streets. The accommodations of this su- perior hotel are widely known and appreciated, by the travelling public. 418 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. GEORGIA. W. T. Williams, Savannah. J. M. Cooper & Co., Do. J. B. Cubbage, - Do. J. M'Pherson & Co., ----- Atalanta. Mr. Burt, ------- Madison. T. Richards & Son, ----- Augusta. J. A. Carrie & Co., ----- d . J. J. & S. P. Richards, ----- Macon. A. C. Flewellen & Co., - - - - - Columbus. W. C. Richards & Co., Athens. ALABAMA. J. K. Randall, ------ Mobile. M. Boulemet, ______ Do. W. Strickland, Do. T. J. Carver & Co., Do. D. Woodruff, ------- Tuscaloosa. George Little, - Montgomery. Cox & Noble, Huntsville. Mr. Yancey, _______ Wetumpka. LOUISIANA. J. B. Steele, - - - - - - - New Orleans. Thomas L. White, Do. J. C. Morgan, Do. John Ball, Do. B. M. Norman, ------ Do. MISSISSIPPI. W. H. Fox, - - - - - - - Natchez. 0. 0. Woodman, - Vicksburg. TENNESSEE. W. T. Berry, Nashville. W. L. White, Knoxville. C. C. Cleaves, Memphis. KENTUCKY. Dwight Brown, - Lexington. J. Bodley & Co., Do. E. Cox, jun., Maysville. A. J. Gano, Georgetown. F. W. Prescott & Co., Louisville. Reckwith & Morton, ----- Do. W. Todd, Frankfort. J. L. Snedley, - Harrodsburg. MISSOURI. W. D. Skillman, St. Louis. Keith & Woods, Do. W. Philips, jun., - - - - - Do. E. K. Woodward, Do. THE PRINCIPAL HOTELS. 419 THE GIRARD HOUSE. The Girard House, Chestnut Street, between Eighth and Ninth Streets, exceeds, in its architectural character and ar- rangements, any similar establishment in Philadelphia, and is one of the largest and most magnificent hotels in the United States. The interior is particularly deserving of attention, being, not only a model, in point of convenience of arrangement, but ornamented in most excellent taste, and finished and fur- nished in a degree of splendour rarely excelled. The architect, John M' Arthur, Esq., has happily combined elegance with the richest decoration throughout the whole building. The accommodations are also in keeping with the architectural character of the house. These, with the advan- tages of its location, will no doubt, render "The Girard" a dis- tinguished and fashionable resort. The Merchants' Hotel. — This large and popular hotel is in Fourth below Arch Street — one of the most desirable loca- 420 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. OHIO. H. W. Derby & Co. Cincinnati. W. Phillips & Co., Do. Moore & Anderson, - Do. Jacob Ernst, p 0> M. C. Younglove, ------ Cleveland. Smith, Knight & Co., Do. George Howard, ------ Wooster. G. R. Morten, - Sandusky. J. Jones, ------- Chilicothe. A. L. Frazier, - Steubenville. J. H. Riley, - - - - - - - Columbus. W. W. Reed & Sons, Zanesville. D. J. Beggar & Co., Masillon. E. D. Payne, - Dayton. Parsons & Co., ------ Elyria. INDIANA. J. R. Aunemaker, New Albany, - Terre Haute. Davis & Ray, Indianapolis. Samuel Lister, Evansville. ILLINOIS. S. C. Griggs & Co., Chicago. J. Keene & Brother., ----- D . E. J. Cowell, Peoria. MICHIGAN. C. Morse, Detroit. A. M'Fannin, Do. TEXAS. J. M. Jones, ------- Galveston. CALIFORNIA. J. H. Coghill, San Francisco. Cook & Lecount, ------ Do. Armour & Ramsay, Montreal. Benjamin Dawson, ----- D . Ramsay, Armour & Co., - - - Kingston. Ramsay, Armour & Co., - - - - Toronto. George Barnes, - - - - - ' - Hamilton. P. Sinclair, ------- Quebec. E. G. Fuller, - - Halifax, N. S. Delf & Trubner, Paternoster Row, - - - London. John Chapman, Strand, ----- Do. PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS, IN 1852, Will also be found for reference in the principal Hotels throughout the United States. RELICS OF THE PAST. 421 tions in the city. The reputation of " The Merchants' " can be estimated by the fact, that its u list" is always full. The Franklin House, Chestnut between Third and Fourth Streets, has lately undergone extensive alterations, and is now fitted up in superb style. The American Hotel, Chestnut Street opposite the State House, has also undergone extensive ' alterations. It now extends from Chestnut to Minor Street, and has accommoda- tions for over three hundred boarders. Congress Hall, Chestnut below Third Street. This house, though boasting of no architectural beauty, is yet an extensive hotel, having accommodations for over two hundred and fifty inmates. Congress Hall, on Third above Chestnut Street, is part of the same establishment. In addition to these, there are The Union Hotel (a new establishment), Arch west of Third Street; The Eagle Hotel, Third above Race Street ; The City Hotel, Third below Arch Street; The Red Lion Hotel, Market above Sixth Street; The Mansion House, Market and Eleventh Street ; The Madison House, Second below Arch Street; The Mount Vernon House, Second above Arch Street ; The White Swan, Race above Third Street; Bloodgood's Hotel, South Wharves; Ridgway's Hotel, Market and North Wharves; Jones's Hotel, Dock below Third Street; Bull's Head Hotel, Sixth above Callowhill Street, with many others ; — all extensive stablishments, affording every comfort and accommodation toe their inmates, that can possibly be desired, — so that the traveller need not fear making a bad selection. RELICS OE THE PAST. Few of these remain in Philadelphia ; they are being swept away by the onward tide of modern improvement. Like a 8fi 422 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. BOOKS PUBLISHED BY LINDSAY & BLAKISTON, No. 25 South Sixth Street, (ABOVE chestnut,) JP I) i I a b 1 1 p I) t a . MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC BOOKS. HARRIS'S DICTIONARY of DENTAL SURGERY and MEDI- CAL TERMINOLOGY, a royal 8vo. volume, Sheep $5 00 HARRIS'S PRINCIPLES and PRACTICE OF DENTAL SUR- GERY, fourth edition, greatly enlarged and improved, 200 Illustrations, 8vo. ... Sheep 4 00 JOURDAIN'S DISEASES and SURGICAL OPERATIONS of the MOUTH, with Illustrations, 8vo. - - Sheep 2 50 BOND'S PRACTICAL TREATISE on DENTAL MEDICINE, 8vo. - Sheep 2 00 MEIGS' VELPEAUS MIDWIFERY, 4th American, from the last French Edition, with numerous additions and illustrations, 8vo. ..... Sheep 3 50 MENDENH ALL'S MEDICAL STUDENT'S VADE-MECUM, being a compendium of Anatomy, Surgery, the Practice of Medicine, &c, &c. A new edition, enlarged, with numerous Illustrations. Royal 12mo. - - Sheep 2 50 THE PHYSICIAN'S VISITING LIST, DIARY and ALMANAC, published each year, - in Flexible Leather 50 Do. do. do. Tucks 75 Do. do. do. Pencils 75 MOORMAN'S GUIDE TO THE VIRGINIA SPRINGS; the Use of the Waters, &c. &c. .... 75 COMFORT'S THOMSONIAN PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. 8vo. ..... Sheep 3 00 REESE'S ANALYSIS OF PHYSIOLOGY, a new and enlarged edition, - Sheep 1 50 THE PENN COTTAGE. 423 traveller, looking back through the scenes which he has passed, we view with regret, many places of interest previously dis- regarded, which now rise before us, when the power to enjoy them can never return. Old buildings, ruins, or places rendered memorable by scenes of patriotism, or as being the homes of genius or virtue, have ever been held in veneration by the people of all ages and na- tions. With what emotions do we view the battle-fields of the Revolution? With what admiration do we tread "those halls" consecrated to undying fame, by the eloquence and wisdom of a Washington, Adams, Franklin, Jefferson, Henry, and hosts of others, whose words and deeds elevate the name of America ? To us, these places and scenes awake, not one idea only, but a long line of glowing thoughts, which, by their pleasing associations, produce to the mind infinite delight. Among the few memorials of olden da}^s still remaining in this city, is The Penn Cottage, situated in Laetitia Court, Market Street between Front and Second Streets. It is memorable as being one of the first, if not the first brick building erected in Philadelphia, and also as being the residence of William Penn, during his first visit to this country, in 1682-83. The area originally attached to the property, extended from Front to Second Street, and from Market Street south to the present Black Horse Alley. The space to Front Street was laid out as a lawn, and was shaded by a luxuriant growth of forest trees, interspersed with shrubbery. On the Second Street side was the garden, containing many choice and rare fruit trees. The principal entrance to " The Mansion," was by an avenue leading to Second Street ; another extended down the present court to Market Street. The first-named is now occupied, for the most part, by Harris's Court, — a filthy, ill- ventilated place, principally tenanted by poor families. 424 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. Lindsay & Blakiston's Publications, continued. CRAIGE'S ELEMENTS of GENERAL and PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY. Royal 8vo. - - Sheep 3 00 CAZEAUX'S MIDWIFERY, including the Diseases of Pregnancy and Parturition, translated by R. P.Thomas, M.D. 116 Illus- trations and a coloured frontispiece, 1 vol. 8vo. - 3 00 ISF 3 This work has received the almost universal commendation of the Medical Press and Profession of this country, and has been adopted as a Text Book by the Royal Council of Instruction in France. HASTINGS' MINOR SURGERY, the Application of Dressings, &c. &c, with 143 Illustrations, - . - Cloth 1 38 Do. do. do. do. Sheep 1 50 REESE'S AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY, including the Medical Properties and Uses of Medicines, Cloth 1 38 Do. do. do. do. Sheep 1 50 MEIGS' PRACTICAL TREATISE on the DISEASES OF CHIL- DREN, .... Cloth 1 38 Do. do. do. do. Sheep 1 50 STILLE'S ELEMENTS of GENERAL PATHOLOGY, Cloth 1 38 Do. do. do. - - Sheep 1 50 TUCKER'S PRINCIPLES and PRACTICE of MIDWIFERY, with numerous Illustrations, in - - Cloth 1 38 Do. do. do. do. Sheep 1 50 BARTH & ROGERS' MANUAL of AUSCULTATION and PER- CUSSION, for Physicians and Students, second edition, en- larged, 12mo. ... - Cloth 63 SIMPSON on the USES of CHLOROFORM and ETHER in SUR- GERY, MIDWIFERY, &c, 1 vol. 8vo. - Cloth 1 25 FLAGG on ETHER and CHLOROFORM in SURGERY, DEN- TISTRY, MIDWIFERY, THERAPEUTICS, &c. &c, 12mo. Cloth 75 MURPHY'S REVIEW of CHEMISTRY for STUDENTS, adapted to the principal Medical Schools in the United States. 12mo. .... Cloth or Sheep 1 00 THE PHYSICIAN'S POCKET PRESCRIPTION BOOK, contain- ing lists of Terms, Phrases, Abbreviations, &c. &c, from the Tenth London Edition, - - - 63 HORNER'S STUDENTS' GUIDE in EXTRACTING TEETH, with Illustrations, 12mo. - Cloth 50 HARBERT'S SURGICAL and MECHANICAL DENTISTRY. Illustrated, - - - - - - 1 25 ARTHUR'S MANUAL of DISEASES of the TEETH, with Illus- trations, ------ 50 TOMES' DENTAL PHYSIOLOGY and SURGERY. THE PENN COTTAGE. 425 THE FBNN COTTAGE. The building, of which our illustration is a correct view, as it existed in better days, is at present very much dilapidated, and falling rapidly into ruin. The Slate-Hoof House, another interesting relic, derives its name from the fact, that for several years after its erection it was the only building covered with that material in Phila- delphia. The year of its erection is uncertain ; however, it was prior to 1700, for we find William Penn and his family occu- pying it, during his second visit, in that year. In it John Penn, " the American," was born. " The Slate-Roof" subsequently became a noted boarding- 36* 426 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. Lindsay & Blakiston's Publications, continued. SMITH'S DOMESTIC MEDICINE, &c. &c. ; for families, 12mo. ..... Cloth $1 25 THE FAMILY MEDICAL CHEST COMPANION, or Domestic Medicine, Surgery and Materia Medica, with directions for Diet, Management of the Sick Room, Administration of Medi- cine, Bathing, &c. &c. - - - Cloth 1 38 Do. do. do. - Sheep 1 50 BULL ON THE MATERNAL MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN IN HEALTH AND DISEASE, 12mo. - Cloth 75 MACKINTOSH'S PRACTICE OF MEDICINE, by Morton, third ed., 8vo. .... Sheep 3 00 VON BEHR'S HANDBOOK OF HUMAN ANATOMY. Sheep 1 50 HASTINGS' LECTURES ON YELLOW FEVER. Cloth 50 COXE'S EPITOME OF HIPPOCRATES AND GALEN, 8vo. Sheep 3 50 BIDDLE'S REVIEW OF MATERIA MEDICA AND THERA- PEUTICS, FOR STUDENTS. With Illustrations, 1 00 JENNER ON TYPHOID AND TYPHUS FEVER. TUCKER'S INTERNAL PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 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Cloth 1 00 OVERMAN'S PRACTICAL MINERALOGY, ASSAYING AND MINING, 12mo. - Cloth 75 THE SLATE-ROOF HOUSE. 427 THE SLATE ROOF HOUSE. house. Within its walls, General Forbes, second in command and eventually successor to the unfortunate General Braddock, breathed his last, and from it he was borne to his long home, with imposing military honours. At a later period, it was the tem- porary abode of John Adams, John Hancock, and many other distinguished members of the first Congress, and also of Baron De Kalb, who fell in the cause of American Independence, at the battle of Camden. In it, too, the brave but eccentric Ge- neral Lee died. His remains were interred in Christ Church yard, alongside of the present Church Alley. This house, once so honoured and renowned, now, alas ! wears a sadly-neglected appearance, — the front rooms of the lower 428 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. Lindsay & Blakistou's Publications, continued. PERIODICALS. RANKING S HALF-YEARLY ABSTRACT OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES, 7 volumes published, bound in Sheep, price per vol., - - - - - - - $2 00 14 numbers, do. Paper, per No. 75 Published half-yearly in February and August, per annum, - - - - - -150 To Mail Subscribers, postage prepaid, - - 2 00 THE MEDICAL EXAMINER, and Record of Medical Science, edited by Francis Gurney Smith, M.D., and J. B. Biddle, M.D. Published monthly, per annum, - - - 3 00 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY, published by authority of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. Quar- terly, per annum, - - - - 2 50 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL SCIENCE, edited by C. A. Harris, M.D. Published Quarterly, per annum, 5 00 ILLUSTRATED SCRIPTURAL LIBRARY. THE WOMEN OF THE SCRIPTURES, containing the Female Characters of the Old and New Testament, Illustrated by 11 Steel Engravings, and 2 Illuminated pages. Octavo. Cloth, Extra Gilt Edges 3 00 Do. do. do. Turkey Morocco 4 00 SCENES IN THE LIFE OF THE SAVIOUR, by the Poets and Painters, Illustrated by 8 Steel Plates and 2 Illuminated pages. Octavo, in - - Cloth, Extra Gilt Edges 3 00 Do. do. do. Turkey Morocco 4 00 SCENES IN THE LIVES OF THE PATRIARCHS AND PRO- PHETS. Illustrated by 8 Steel Plates and 2 Illuminated pages. Octavo, in - Cloth, Extra Gilt Edges 3 00 Do. do. do. Turkey Morocco 4 00 SCENES IN THE LIVES OF THE APOSTLES, with 8 beautiful Illustrations on Steel and 2 Illuminated pages. Octavo, Cloth, Extra Gilt Edges 3 00 Do do. do. Turkey Morocco 4 00 AMERICAN AND BRITISH FEMALE POETS. THE AMERICAN FEMALE POETS, with Biographical and Cri- tical Notices, and copious Selections from their Writings, by Caroline May, author of Treasured Thoughts, &c. &c. carpenters' hall. 429 story being occupied as a huckster's shop, and those in the rear as a saw manufactory, while the upper stories are used by a cabinet-maker as a varnish-room. From its location, corner of Norris's Alley and Second Street, unless preserved by some public-spirited individuals, this old memorial will soon be among the things that were. The Old London Coffee-House, southwest corner of Front and Market Streets. This building was erected in 1702, and occupied as a public house in 1754. For many years it was the most noted place of resort for strangers, as well as citizens, in Philadelphia. Here were held all auctions of horses, carriages, produce, &c. j and here, strange as it may now appear to citizens of the present time, negro men, women, and children, were bought and sold as slaves. The premises are now occupied, the lower story as a tobacco store, and the upper as a barber's shop. Loxley House, situated on the corner of Little Dock and Second Street, derives its name from its first proprietor, who is celebrated by Mr. Graydon in his " Memoirs 99 (an excellent book of the olden time, an edition of which has lately been issued by Lindsay & Blakiston), as a military chieftain of fame during the " Paxton War" excitement. It derives its principal interest, however, from having been the residence, during the Revolution, of Lydia Darrah, the story of whose patriotism and devotion in conveying to General Washington timely information of the secret attack which the British meditated upon the American lines, near Germantown, is known to every school-boy throughout the country. The building is at present occupied as a clothing depot. Carpenters' Hall. — This edifice is situated in Carpenters' Court, running south from Chestnut below Fourth Street. This celebrated building will ever be cherished by the friends of American Independence. Within its walls, the first Congress 430 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. Lindsay & Blakiston's Publications, continued. THE AMERICAN FEMALE POETS. Octavo Edition, 12 Steel Plates, Cloth, Gilt Backs $2 00 Do. do. Library Sheep 2 25 Do. do. Cloth, Extra Gilt Edges 2 75 Do. do. Turkey Morocco 4 00 12mo., cheap Edition, 2 Steel Plates, Cloth, Gilt Backs 1 25 Do. do. Cloth, Extra Gilt Edges 1 75 BRITISH FEMALE POETS, with Biographical and Critical No- tices, and copious Selections from their Writings, by the Rev. Geo. W. Bethune, D.D. Octavo Edition, 12 Steel Plates, Cloth, Gilt Backs 2 00 Do. do. Library Sheep 2 25 Do. do. Cloth, Extra Gilt Edges 2 75 Do. do. Turkey Morocco 4 00 12mo., cheap Edition, 2 Steel Plates, Cloth, Gilt Backs 1 25 Do. do. Cloth, Extra Gilt Edges 1 75 PRESENTATION AND POETICAL WORKS. WATSON'S NEW DICTIONARY OF POETICAL QUOTATIONS, consisting of Elegant Extracts on every subject, compiled from various authors and arranged under appropriate heads. Octavo Edition, 9 Steel Plates, - Cloth, Gilt Backs 2 00 Do. do. - - Library Sheep 2 25 Do. do. - Cloth, Extra Gilt Edges 2 50 Do. do. - - Turkey Morocco 4 00 12mo. Edition, - Cloth, Plain 1 25 Do. - - Cloth, Gilt Edges, Sides, &c. 1 75 Do. ... Turkey Morocco 2 50 WELD'S DICTIONARY OF SCRIPTURAL QUOTATIONS, or Scripture Themes and Thoughts as paraphrased by the Poets. Edited by the Rev. H. Hastings Weld. 12mo. Cloth, Plain 1 25 Do. do. do. Cloth, Extra Gilt 1 75 Do. do. do. Turkey Morocco 2 50 THE STAR OF BETHLEHEM, a Christmas Present for the Young, by the Rev. H. Hastings Weld, with Illustrations, 1 25 POETICAL AND PROSE ILLUSTRATIONS OF CELEBRATED AMERICAN PAINTERS, with 11 Illustrations on Steel, 3 00 THE WOODBINE, a Gift for the Holidays, by Caroline May, with 9 Steel Plates. .... Cloth 1 50 Do. do. do. Turkey Morocco 2 00 MONTGOMERY'S POETICAL WORKS, collected by Himself, with Portrait and Vignette Title page. carpenters' hall. 431 carpenters' hall. of the United Colonies of North America assembled, — a Con- gress whose fame is the watchword of nations — a Congress of men who loved Liberty for Truth's sake — thoroughly indepen- dent, characterized by that self-denial which disdains the false and transient reputation of the day. Their wisdom and elo- quence, as legislators, their skill, heroism, and judgment on the battle-field, and their devotion to the sacred cause of their country's independence, as men, have never been excelled, either in ancient or modern days. Is it surprising, then, that this Hall, the witness of that " Union" which constitutes the glory of the present age, is held dear to all friends of rational Freedom ? The building is of brick, two stories high, surmounted by a cupola. The facade is in the Roman style of architecture. The 432 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. Lindsay & Blakiston's Publications, continued. BETHUNE'S LAYS OF LOVE AND FAITH, and other Poems. Cloth $1 25 Do. do. Cloth, Gilt Edges and Sides 1 50 TREASURED THOUGHTS FROM FAVOURITE AUTHORS, by Caroline May, author of American Female Poets, &c. 12mo. Cloth 1 00 Do. do. do. Turkey Morocco 2 50 A GENERAL HISTORY OF THE SEVENTH-DAY BAPTIST CHURCHES, by Mrs. Tamar Davis. 12mo. Cloth 100 WATSON'S CAMP FIRES OF THE REVOLUTION, with 50 Original Illustrations, by Croome. 8vo. Cloth, Gilt backs, Marble Edges $2 00 Do. do. Morocco " " " 2 25 WALKER'S RHYMING, SPELLING AND PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY. Royal 12mo. - - 1 50 MATTHIAS'S LEGISLATIVE MANUAL, or Guide for Organizing and Conducting Public Meetings. 18mo. Cloth 38 HEAVEN, OR THE SAINTED DEAD, by the Rev. H. Harbaugh ; the Third Edition. 12mo. - - Cloth 75 THE HEAVENLY RECOGNITION OF FRIENDS, by the Rev. H. Harbaugh. 12mo. - - - - 75 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS, IN 1852, with a Map and numerous beautiful Illustrations. 12mo. - - Cloth 1 50 THE CHRISTIAN FAMILY LIBRARY. THE WOMEN OF THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT, Twelve Plates, 12mo. - - Cloth, Gilt Backs 1 00 Do. do. do. Extra Gilt Edges 1 50 SCENES IN THE LIFE OF THE SAVIOUR, Twelve Plates. 12mo. - - - Cloth, Gilt Backs 1 00 Do. do. do. Extra Gilt Edges 1 50 SCENES IN THE LIVES OF THE PATRIARCHS AND PRO- PHETS, Twelve Plates. 12mo. Cloth, Gilt Backs 1 00 Do. do do. Extra Gilt Edges 1 50 SCENES IN THE LIVES OF THE APOSTLES, Twelve Plates. 12mo. - - - Cloth, Gilt Backs 1 00 Do. do. do. Extra Gilt Edges 1 50 THE ROSEMARY, a Sacred Gift for all Seasons, with Eight Illus- trations on Steel, and an Illuminated Frontispiece, 8vo. Cloth, Extra Gilt 2 00 Do. do. do. Eng. Turkey 2 50 BERNARD BARTON'S LIFE, LETTERS AND POEMS, Edited by his Daughter, with a Portrait, - - 1 00 Do. do. Cloth, Gilt Edges and Sides 1 50 Do. do. Turkey Morocco 2 50 RELICS OP THE PAST. 433 principal entrance leads to the Assembly Room, in which Con- gress first met. It is now occupied as an auction mart. In the second story, the various committees had their apartments ; they are at present used for the storage of furniture, &c. Carpenters' Hall was originally erected by the Association of House Carpenters. It is, we believe, still their property; though seldom used for the purpose for which it was intended, viz., the meetings of the Society. The Indian Queen Hotel, Fourth Street between Market and Chestnut, was once renowned as " the hotel" of Philadel- phia. Here, for some time during the Revolution, Thomas Jefferson resided. His chamber was the southwest room in the second story. It was long supposed that he wrote the Declaration of Independence in this apartment. This interesting fact, however, was settled by the late Dr. Mease, to whom Mr. Jefferson stated, on inquiry, that when he wrote that instru- ment he resided in Hultsheimer's New House, at the southwest corner of Seventh and Market Streets. This building, sacred from this fact, is now occupied, the lower story as a clothing depot, and the upper by a printing office and meeting rooms for the United Order of American Mechanics. The very chamber occupied by Mr. Jefferson is now the office of the secretary of that association. In addition to the above few relics, the reader will find many others, together with much valuable information respecting the early settlement and history of the city, in "The Annals of Philadelphia," by J. F. Watson. To those who love to dwell upon "old-time recollections," and to trace the progress of our beautiful city, this book cannot be too highly recom- mended. Mr. A. Hart, publisher, Philadelphia, has lately issued a handsome edition of this valuable work, in two octavo volumes. 37 43-1 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. Lindsay & Blakiston's Publications, continued. THE YOUNG LADIES' HOME, by Mrs. L. C. Tuthill. 12mo. Cloth, plain 75 Do. do. do. do. " gilt $1 25 Popular and Miscellaneous Books, &c. MACKAY'S EXTRAORDINARY POPULAR DELUSIONS, 2 vols. 12mo. - Cloth 2 00 THE GOLDEN SANDS OF MEXICO, or True Riches. 12mo. Cloth 75 FANNY FOLEY'S ROMANCE OF THE OCEAN. 12mo. Cloth 75 MANURES ; their Composition, Preparation and action upon Soils. 18mo. .... Cloth 38 TUCKERMAN'S CHARACTERISTICS OF LITERATURE, 1st and 2d series. 12mo. - - Cloth, each 75 Do. do. do. 2 vols, to match, 1 50 THE POLYGLOTT BIBLE. 12mo., clear type, Library Sheep 1 25 Do. do. " 11 Embossed 1 25 Do. do. " " London Calf 1 75 Do. do. " " Turkey Morocco 3 00 This Bible is well bound and printed, and is superior to any other Bible of its size in the market. A BIOGRAPHY OF MARGARET MERCER, by Caspar Morris, M.D. 12mo. .... Cloth 63 A MEMOIR OF WM. R. FALES, THE PORTSMOUTH CRIP- PLE. 18mo. .... Cloth 38 BROWNING'S CONVICT SHIP, with Preface and Notes by Rev. J. H. Fowles, ..... 63 DARLINGTON'S MEMORIALS OF JOHN BARTRAM AND HUMPHREY MARSHALL. Octavo. - Cloth 2 00 A HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE, from the Earliest Period, with a Glossary of Architectural Terms, and nearly 200 Illustra- tions. 8vo. - - - - Cloth 3 50 THE LIFE AND CORRESPONDENCE OF PRESIDENT REED. Edited by Wm. B. Reed, Esq., 2 vols. 8vo. Cloth 4 00 GRAYDON'S MEMOIRS OF HIS OWN TIMES, 1 vol. 8vo. 2 00 THE YOUNG WIFE, a Manual of Moral, Religious and Domestic Duties, Illuminated title. Extra Cloth, Plain Edges 38 Do. do. " " ' Gilt " 50 THE YOUNG HUSBAND, a companion to the Young Wife. Extra Cloth, Plain Edges 38 Do. do. do. " " Gilt " 50 ETIQUETTE FOR LADIES. " " Plain " 38 Do. do. " " Gilt " 50 THE FARQUHAR BUILDING. 435 THE FARQUHAR BUILDING. Farquhar Building, Walnut below Third Street.— This elegant structure, erected by the gentleman whose name it bears, forms a prominent object of attraction in the vicinity of its location. The building extends to Pear Street, and is four stories high ; the front is of brown stone, constructed in the Italian style of architecture. Its proportions and decorations have been much and deservedly admired, especially so, when con- trasted with some of the productions of bad taste, with which our city, within the last few years, has been disgraced ; — this remark applies particularly to private edifices. In our edition for 1853, we propose appropriating a portion of the work to private buildings, mansions, &c, noticing, however, only those 436 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. Lindsay & Blakiston's Publications, continued. ETIQUETTE FOR GENTLEMEN, a pocket manual. Extra Cloth, Plain Edges 38 Do. do. do. " « Gilt <•' 50 HANDBOOK FOR THE MAN OF FASHION. Extra Cloth, Plain Edges 38 Do. do. do. " " Gilt « 50 JOHNSON'S POCKET DICTIONARY, Diamond Edition, with a Portrait and Table of Names of distinguished deceased Ameri- cans, 32mo. - Cloth 38 Do. do. do. Embossed Gilt 50 Do. do. do. Tucks, Gilt Edges 63 HALIBURTON'S YANKEE STORIES, a new and improved edi- tion, with Illustrations. Royal 12mo. On fine paper. Cloth Si 00 SCHOOL BOOKS. SERON'S NEW MODERN FRENCH READER. Mosaique Frangais au Choix de Sujets, &c. 12mo. Half Roan 75 ^ESOP'S FABLES, in French, with a French and English Dic- tionary of the Terms used in it. 18mo. Half Roan 38 WILLEMENT'S CATECHISM of FAMILIAR THINGS. Re- vised, with additions by an American Teacher, for the use of Schools and Families. 12mo. - Half Roan 50 RAWSON'S DICTIONARY of the SYNONYMICAL TERMS of the ENGLISH LANGUAGE, - - 63 JARVIS'S PIANO-FORTE INSTRUCTOR, a new and improved edition, - Half Bound 1 50 This Work is recommended by Darley, Cross, and other teach- ers of the highest standing. MY LITTLE GEOGRAPHY, for PRIMARY SCHOOLS, edited by Mrs. L. C.Tuthill, with numerous original Illustrations, 19 Chamber of the Controllers of Public Schools, 1 First School District of Pennsylvania, v Philadelphia, October 8th, 1850. ) At a Meeting of the Controllers of Public Schools, First District, of Pennsylvania, held at the Controllers' Chamber, on Tuesday, September 10th, 1850, the following Resolution was adopted : Resolved, That the work entitled "My Little Geography, by Mrs. L. C. Tuthill," be introduced, to be used in the Primary Schools of the District. ROBERT J. HEMPHILL, Secretary. To Messrs. Lindsay & Blakiston. THE YOUNG AMERICAN'S LIBRARY, Illustrated, and bound in Cloth, gilt backs, containing, THE YANKEE TEA PARTY, or Boston in 1776, by Henry C. Watson, author of Camp Fires, &c, with Illustrations, 63 THE OLD BELL OF INDEPENDENCE, or Philadelphia in 1776, by Henry C. Watson, with Illustrations, - - 63 CONCLUSION. 437 worthy of public attention for their beauty, novelty, conve- nience, or substantial construction. The Farquhar Building is occupied by various insurance companies, agencies, brokers, &c, for which purpose it is well adapted, no less from its situation than convenience of internal arrangement. Among its numerous offices is that of Mr. Far- quhar, its enterprising proprietor, and also that of J. Gr. Hol- broke, Esq., Fire, Life, and Marine Insurance Agent. In conclusion, we assure our readers that no exertion has been wanting on our part, to render the present edition perfect and correct; but the multiplicity of objects which the work embraces, renders it impossible to prevent some errors or omissions. Corrections and suggestions of every kind that may "* tend to enhance the value of the work, particularly notices of improvements, new institutions, and associations, together with the annual reports of the various benevolent, literary, scientific religious, and other societies, are earnestly solicited. The encouragement bestowed upon our efforts in the present volume, inspires us with renewed energy and determination to to render the succeeding edition equally worthy of PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS, IN 185 3. 37* 438 PHILADELPHIA AS IT IS. Lindsay & Blakiston's Publications, continued. THE LIFE OF GENERAL WASHINGTON. 9 Illustrations. 63 " " BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, 9 » 63 " " GENERAL LAFAYETTE, 9 " 63 " u " MARION, 9 " 63 " " WILLIAM PENN, 9 " 63 '< u GENERAL JACKSON, 9 « 63 tt it TAYLOR 9 u 63 THE INDIANS and THE GOLD MINES, or, The Source of True Riches, ...... 63 THE LIFE of NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, - - 63 The 11 Volumes, as above, bound in sets, to match, $6 50 JUVENILES. THE IVY WREATH, by Mrs. Hughs, with six Illustrations on Steel, and an Illuminated Frontispiece. Cloth, Extra Gilt Edges, Sides, &c. 1 00 BUDS and BLOSSOMS for the YOUNG, by Mrs. Hughs, with numerous Illustrations, - - Cloth 75 THE CHILD'S OWN BOOK of ANIMALS, 12 large and beau- tifully coloured Illustrations, - - Cloth 1 00 THE BOYS' and GIRLS' NEW MISCELLANY, over 50 Illustra- tions, ..... Cloth 75 ALADDIN, or THE WONDERFUL LAMP, 15 coloured Illustra- tions, ..... Cloth 75 THE LIFE and TRAVELS of GENERAL TOM THUMB, (Chas. Stratton,) beautifully Illustrated, Cloth, Plain Plates 50 Do. do. do. do. Coloured 63 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS, for the Young, beautifully Illustrated, 16mo. .... Cloth 50 A VISIT TO THE MENAGERIE, by a Father and his Children, numerous Illustrations, ... Cloth 50 MRS. TUTHILL'S JUVENILE GEOGRAPHY, numerous Illustra- tions, in Cloth, Gilt Sides 25 AUNT MARY'S LIBRARY, containing Lizzie Linden, Frank Worthy, May Morning, Young Artist, Generosity, Mother's Birth Day, Proud Girl Humbled, Gipsy Fortune Teller, Young Sailor, Holidays in the Country, Each with Coloured Frontispiece, bound in cloth, - 25 The above ten vols, bound in cloth, in sets, - 2 50 The same do. do. in boxes, - 2 50 THE ALPHABET MADE EASY, or One Step at a Time, Coloured, Cloth 38 INDEX. A Word to the Reader, 13 A Talk about the Past and Present History of the City, 14 Adams' Express, 36 Anderson, J. B., Venetian Blinds, 44 Altemus, J. T., Bookbinder, 44 Archambault, A. L., Machinist, 48 Ashmead, George, Druggist, 60 Atwood & Co., Dry Goods, 80 Assembly Buildings, 79 Arch Street Hall, 81 Atlantic & Milford Glass Works, 116 Ashmead, Samuel B., Boots and Shoes, 132 Academy of the Protestant Episco- pal Church, 147 of the Visitation, Philadelphia, 147 of Fine Arts, Pennsylvania, 231 of the Natural Sciences, 201 American Philosophical Society, 187 Weekly Mercury, The, 237 Journal of the Medical Sciences, 263 Journal of Dental Sciences, 243 Journal of Pharmacy, 245 Sunday School Union, 326 Baptist Publication Society, 313 Mechanics, United Order of, 329 Athenaeum, The, 197 Arthur's Home Gazette, 200 Art Union of Philadelphia, 238 Artists' Fund Society of Philadel- phia, 235 Apprentices' Library, 221 Almshouse, Friends', 261 Blockley, 261 Moyarnensing, 262 Asylum for the Insane, Friends', 255 United States Naval, 256 for Children, Blockley, 262 Widows', 271 for Indigent Women, Lying-in, 272 for Widows, St. Ann's, 272 for Orphans, St. John's, 274 for Female Orphans, St. John's, 274 for Coloured Orphans, 276 Asylums, Magdalen, 275 Andrew's Society, St., 277 Atkins' & Co.'s Transportation Line, 348 Attorneys at Law, 366 Alsop, Robert, Attorney, 366 R., Conveyancer, 370 Auditors, City and County, 394 Agents for the Sale of " Philadel- phia As It Is, In 1852," through- out the United States, 412 Baird, J. & M., Steam Marble Works, 38, 332 Binns, John, Commissioner of Deeds, 48 Butts, Charles H., Printer, 48 Barrington, C, Conveyancer, 64 W., Draughtsman, 64 Burton &Lanning, Paper Hangings, 64 Blood's Despatch Post, 70 Butler, John M., Copperplate Prin- ter, 390 Biddle, R. & W. C. & Co., Hard- ware, 74 E. C. & J., Publishers, 90 Blanchard & Rock, Paper Hang- ings, 74 440 i n d Boker, Brothers & Co., Boots and Shoes, 80 Broadhead, John, Commissioner of Deeds, 80 Board of Trade, Philadelphia, 93 Barcroft, Beaver & Co., Dry Goods, 94 Bank of North America, 95, 398 Mechanics', 97, 400 Farmers' & Mechanics', 97, 400 of Pennsylvania, 99, 398 of Philadelphia, 101,398 Western, 101, 400 Girard, 103, 400 of the Northern Liberties, 105, 400 of Commerce, 105, 402 Commercial, 105, 400 of Penn Township, 105, 400 Southwark, 105, 400 Manufacturers' & Mechanics', 105, 400 Kensington, 105, 400 Tradesmen's, 107, 402 at Camden, State, 107, 402 United States, 402 Philadelphia Savings, 107 Banks, 95 Savings, 107 Bailey & Brothers, Dry Goods, 110 Brewster & Johnson, Booksellers, 116 Buist, Robert, Seedsman, 118 Buffington, J., Organ Builder, 122 Bristow's Hall, 124 Baily & Son, Watches and Silver- Ware, 134 Baltimore & Philadelphia Steam- boat Company, 146 Brightly, Joseph H., Designer and Engraver, 150 Bennett & Co., Clothing Depot, 182 Bryson, James H., Printer, 212 Beck, J. V., Daguerreotypist, 230 Broom, George L. & Co., Sugar Refiners, 238 Banner of the Covenant, 243 Benevolent Institutions, 249 Society, Union, 277 Blind, Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the, 259 Bleakly, John, Fund left to the City by, 2fi3 EX. Biblical Repository and Princeton Review, 245 Baptist Publication Society, Ame- rican, 313 Bible Christians, 324 The, 324 Association of Friends, 326 Society, Pennsylvania, 324 Philadelphia, 325 of Philadelphia,the Female, 325 Northern Liberties Female, 326 Germantown Female, 326 Frankford Female, 326 Manayunk, 326 Roxborough, 326 Benkert, C, Boot-Maker, 336 Black, Thompson, Grocer, 340 Bispham & Son, Samuel, Grocers, 344 Beusse, J. H., Monument to, 347 Brown & Co., Booksellers, 348 Blaben, S. W., Oil Cloths, 348 Birch, William Young, Tomb of, 349 Bucknor, M'Cammon & Co., To- bacco Warehouse, 352 Burch, Thomas & Co., Variety Store, 354 Brettagh & Stedman,"Wall Paper, 356 Binswanger & Eger, Foreign Dry Goods, 356 Balch, Thomas, Attorney, 366 Badger, Edward R., Attorney and Conveyancer, 370,375 Board of Health, 375,396 Baker, W. D., Engraver on Wood, 382 Biddle Reeves & Son, Bedstead Manufactory, 386 Buck Mountain Coal Company, 408 Beaver Meadow Railroad and Coal Company, 410 Bridges, 413 Commerce of Philadelphia, 19 Coal Trade, 19 Capital invested in Manufacture?, '20 Court of Common Pleas, 25 Cope, H. & A., Philadelphia and Liverpool Packets, 26 INDEX. 441 Circuit and District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, 27 Cookman, Safford &, Curtains and Curtain Materials, 30 City Hall, 31 Croll, M. J. & C, Merchant Tai- lors, 34 Custom House, 33 Stores, 35 City Tobacco Warehouse, 37 County of Philadelphia, 37 Commissioners' Hall, South wark, 37 Moyamensing, 37 Kensington, 37 Northern Liberties, 37 Richmond, 39 Spring Garden, 39 Cummings & Hawkins, Coal Mer- chants, 38 Crissy & Markley, Publishers, 46 Christian, Joseph M., Machinist, 48 Crispin, Edward T., Trunk and Va- lise depot, 50 Carter, Oscar C. B., Piano-Fortes, 66 Cummings, G. Parker, Architect, 70 Collins, T. K. & P. G., Printers, 82, 228 Conrad & Roberts, Hardware, 82 Commercial Institutions, 91 Controllers and Directors of the Pub- lic Schools, 139 Colleges, Medical, 157 Colladay, George W., Conveyancer, 160 Coulter, Henry, Willow and Wooden ware, 184 Clarkson, Edward, Engraver, 188 Crania, Dr. Morton's Cabinet of, 205 Cattell & Craig, Ornamental Stained Glass, 216 Cresson, Walter, Saws, Trowels, &c, 216 College of Physicians, 217 Crap & M'Carthy, Engravers, 230 Cooper, P. F., Artist, 238 Cumming's Evening Bulletin, 424 Charitable Institutions, 249 City Hospital, 265 Christ Church Hospital, 266 * Churches and Religiouslnstitutions, 279 Churches, Episcopal, 282 Church, Christ, 282 St. Peter's, 283 Gloria Dei, or Swedes', 282 St. James's, 284 St. Paul's, 284 of the Epiphany, 284 of the Atonement, 284 Grace, 284 of the Ascension, 284 of the Mediator, 284 St. Philip's, 284 St. Andrew's, 284 St. Luke's, 284 St. Stephen's, 286 St. John's, 287 of the Advent, 287 St. Mark's, 287 St. Jude's, 291 of the Nativity, 291 of the Messiah, 291 of the Redemption, 291 St. Matthew's, 292 of Emanuel, 292 of the Evangelist, 292 Trinity, 292 All Saints', 292 German, 292 St. Mary's, 292 of St. James the Less, 292 St. Thomas's, African, 292 The Floating, 292 of the Crucifixion, Mission, 292 Churches, Presbyterian, 292 Church, First Presbyterian, 293 Second, 294 Third, 294 Fourth, 294 Fifth, 294 Sixth, 294 Seventh, or Penn Square, 294 Eighth, or Scots, 296 Ninth, 297 Tenth, 297 Eleventh, 297 Twelfth, 297 Central (City), 297 Clinton Street, 297 Western, 297 Associate, 297 Logan Square, 297 Spring Garden, 297 Green Hill, 297 Union, 297 First, Northern Liberties, 298 442 i n d Church, Presbyterian, Centr.il, N. L., 298 North, N. L., 298 Penn, N. L., 298 First, Kensington, 298 Second, Kensington, 298 First, Southwark, 298 Second, Southwark, 298 Reformed, 298 First Associate Reformed, 298 Second Associate Reformed, 298 Third Associate Reformed, 298 Fourth Associate Reformed, 298 Fifth Associate Reformed, 298 Cumberland, 298 First Independent, 298 Second Independent, 298 Reformed, 299 First Associate, Northern Li- berties, 299 Second Associate, N. L., 299 Associate, Southwark, 299 Cohocksink, 299 Port Richmond, 299 Germantown, 299 Mantua, 299 Hamilton Village, 299 Bridesburg, 299 Frankford, 299 Manayunk, 299 First African, 299 Second African, 299 Third African, 299 Churches, Roman Catholic, 301 Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul, 301 Church of St. John the Evangelist, 304 St. Augustin's, 304 Chapel of Our Lady of Consolation, 304 Church, St. Mary's, 305 St. Joseph's, 305 Trinity, 305 St. Patrick's, 305 St. Francis Xavier's, 305 St. Philip de Neri's, 305 St. Paul's, 305 St. Peter's (German), 305 of the Assumption, 306 St. Ann's, 306 St. Michael's, 307 St. Mary's, Passyunk, 307 Church, Roman Catholic, Brides- burg, 307 Nicetown, 307 Germantown, 307 Frankford, 307 Manayunk, 307 St. Mary's, Manayunk, 307 West Philadelphia, 307 Churches, Baptist, 307 First, 308 Second, 308 Sansom Street, 308 Third, 309 Spruce Street, 309 Schuylkill, 311 Tabernacle, 312 German, 311 New Market Street, 312 Hope, 312 Tenth, 312 Eleventh, 312 Mount Tabor, 312 Twelfth, 312 Broad Street, 312 North, 312 West Kensington, 312 West Philadelphia, 312 First African, 312 Second African, 312 Clifton Street (African), 312 Fourth African, 313 Churches, Methodist, 314 Salem, 315 Nazareth, 315 Union, 315 Trinity, 315 Western, 315 Fifth Street, 316 Eighth Street, 316 Harmony, 316 St. John's, 316 Sanctuary, 316 Parrish Street, 316 Twelfth Street, 316 German, 316 Old Brick, 316 St. John's, Southwark, 316 Mount Zion, 316 Wharton Street, 317 Independent, 317 Ebenezer, 317 St. Paul's, 317 John Wesley, 317 Little Wesley (African), 317 INDEX. 443 Churches, Methodist, Zoar (African), 317 African, Northern Liberties, 317 Bethel (African), Northern Li- berties, 317 Union (African), Northern Li- berties, 317 West Philadelphia (African), 317 Churches, Lutheran, 317 St. John's, 318 Zion, 318, St. Matthew's, 319 German, 319 Zion and St. Michael's, 319 St. Mark's, 319 St. Michael's, Germantown,319 Frankford, 319 Roxborough, 319 Passyunk, 319 Churches, German Reformed, 319 First, 319 Second, 319 Manayunk, 319 Roxborough, 319 Churches, Dutch Reformed, 320 First, 320 Second, 420 Churches, Moravian, 321 Universalist, 321 First, 321 Second, 321 Third, 321 Fourth, 322 Church, Unitarian, 322 of the United Brethren, 324 of the Disciples of Christ, 324 Churches, Covenanter, 324 Menonists', 324 New Jerusalem, 324 Chapels, Mariners', 324 Cadets of Temperance, 329 Chauveau, A. J., Confectioner, 330 Cemeteries of Philadelphia, 331 Craig, Jared, Printer, 338 Colton & Burt, Wine Dealers, 340 Curtis & Cromwell, Grocers, 344 Clothier, Caleb, Flour Merchant, 344 Caldwell, Charles P., Whips and Canes, 344 Colladay, Charles, Buttons and Trimmings, 352 Chapman, T. E., Bookseller, 352 Cemetery, Laurel Hill, 331 Odd Fellows', 355 Cemetery, Glenwood, 357 Monument, 357 Canning, Matthew, Attorney, 366 Collins, George Constantine, At- torney, 366 City Government, The, 369 Council, Select, 369, 392 Common, 369, 392 City Commissioners, Board of, 369, 392 City and County Commissioners, Board of, 369, 392 Consolidated Police, 369 Charles, George, Stereotype Foun- der, 382 County Prison, Philadelphia, 387 Constables, 392 City Clerk, 392 Clerk of Police, 392 Captains of the Night Police, 392 City Surveyor, Principal, 392 Commissioners, 394 Commissioners of City Property, 394 Collectors of Water Rents, 394 Cleaning the City, Superintendent for, 394 Clerks of the Markets, 394 City and County officers, 394 Coroner, 394 County Commissioners, 394 Clerks, 394 Treasurer, 394 Custom House Officers, 402 Directors of the different desks in the, 402 Inspectors, 404 Camden and A.mboy Railroad and Transportation Company, 408 Carbon and Port Carbon Railroad Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Company, 408 Carbon Railroad Company, Mount, 408 Company, Mount, 408 City Railroad, 411 Camden and Amboy Railroad, 411 Canals, 417 Carpenters' Hall, 426 Conclusion, 437 Dock Creek, 15 Dwelling-houses in Philadelphia, 18 Declaration of Independence, 23 444 i n d District Courts, 31 Duval, P. S., Lithographic Printing Establishment, 42 Doll, George, Importer of Fancy Articles, 48 Dry Dock, United States, 61 Daniels & Smith, Booksellers, 66 Drown, William, Umbrellas, 72 Dummig, Charles, Musical Instru- ments, 86 Delaware Mutual Safety Insurance Company, 92 Directors, Controllers and, of the Public Schools, 139 Duffee, Francis H., Insurance Agent, 170 Dollar Newspaper, 202 Daily Pennsylvanian, 204 Dreer & Hayes, Jewellers, 208 Depuy, J. S., Carpets, Door Mats, &c, 220 Daily Morning Newspapers, 239 Daily Evening Newspapers, 239 Deaf and Dumb, Institution for the Education of the, 258 Dispensaries, The, 267 David's Society, St., 277 Dutch Reformed Churches, 320 Disciples of Christ, 324 Druids, the Society of, 329 Daughters of Temperance, 329 Samaria, 329 Day, S. M., Looking-Glass and Va- riety Store, 340 Drayton, William, Tomb of, 345 Dickson & Co., Brushes, 348 Davis, John G., Bookseller, 356 Dispensary, Philadelphia, Officers and Managers of the, 498 Delaware Coal Company, 408 Equitable Life Insurance Company, 54, 406 Educational Book Store, 90 Eveland, Daniel, Morocco Dealer, 94 Eltonhead, 5Wm. D., Watchmaker, 96 Education, 115 Eagle Printing Ink Works, 152 Eclectic Medical College, 183 Egan, John D., Bookbinder, 190 Edwards, William B., Blank Books, 212 EX. Earle's, J. S., Gallery of Paintings, 216 Epicureans' Retreat, Simpson's, 242 Examiner and Record of Medical Sciences, 243 Evening Bulletin, Cumming's, 244 Evanss, David Z., Wine Merchant, 340 Eckel & Robinson, Cedar and Wil- low ware, 352 Ellis & Co., Wholesale Druggists, 374 Evans, Fancy Printing, 388 Engine Companies, Fire, 397 Exchange Company, Officers and Managers of the Philadelphia, 404 Eagle Gold Mining Company, 410 Frick, John H., Commissioner of Deeds, 42 Franklin Fire Insurance Company, 74 Foster, E. B., Stencil Engraver, 74 Franklin Hall, 79 Fotterall Buildings, 81 Franklin Square, 87 Fairhill Square, 87 Flegel, Antrim & Rogers, Kegs, Casks, &c, 132 Foss, Cyrus W., Insurance Agent, 142 Fitzgerald's City Item, 150 Farquhar, Edward Y., Conveyancer, 164 Female Medical College, 178,179 Franklin Institute, 213 Foliot, E., Upholsterer, 214 Friends' Library, 221 Free Reading- Room Association of Spring Garden, 225 Fine Arts, the, 229 Fagan, John, Stereotype Foundry, 238 Friends, Religious Societyof the, 279 Meeting Houses, 281 Fritz, Williams & Hendry, Leather Store, 348 Fisher, Thomas, Dry Goods, &c, 352 Flanagin & Sons, John, Grocers, 352 Frick, H. & G., Saddlery Hard ware, 362 Fallon, C. B., Attorney, 366 INDEX. 445 Fire Department, 393 First Fire Company, 395 Fire Companies, Engine, 397 Hose, 401 Hook and Ladder, 403 Frankford and Bristol Turnpike Road Company, 410 Ferry Boats, 413 Garrett & Co., Jewellers, 40 Gemrig, J. H., Surgical Instruments, 40 Geddes, William F., Printer, 42 Gas Works, Schuylkill Front and Market Streets, 53 Spring Garden, 61 Northern Liberties, 61 Garden, C. H., Hats and Caps, &c, 76 Genth, Dr., Chemical Laboratory, 82 Girard Life Insurance Company, 100 College for Orphans, 119 Gillett & Coggshall, Insurance Agents, 164 Gihon, William B., Engraver, 224 Graphic Association, the, 233 Gaskill, Copper & Fry, Bookbind- ers' Tools, 236 Godey's Magazine, 241 Graham's Magazine, 241 George's Society, Saint, 277 Gadecken, Henry L., Advertising Agent, 330 Gummey, John M., Broker, 336 Greble, Edwin, Steam Marble Works, 354 Gest, John B., Attorney, 366 Gummey, John M., Conveyancer, 370 Girard Trust, Treasurer of the, 394 Estate, Agent of the, 394 Guardians of the Poor, 394 Hancock, John, 25 Harbour Master, 35 Hankins & Cummings, Coal Mer- chants, 38 Holbrook, J. G., General Agent, 40 | Hoffman, G. A., Engraver, 44 Helm & Warner, Gold Watch Case ! Manufacturers, 44 Howard, H. & C, Machinists, 48 I Hoyt, F. H., Boys' Clothing Store, 50 Harnden Express, 52 Henkels' City Cabinet Warehouse, 56 Harrison, S. A., Furnaces, Tiles, &c, 62 Hall & Boardman, Britannia Ware, 70 Heger, Miss, Teacher of Music, 74 Hay & McDevitt, Commission Mer- chants, 76 Horstmann & Sons, Military Goods, 82 Hertzler, John, Jr., Liquor Dealer, 96 Hughes, A. P., Melodeons, 124 Herring's Salamander Fire Proof Safes, 134 Hastings & Co., Gold Leaf, Dentist's Gold Foil, &c, 146 Howard Sunday School, the, 151. Hale, W., Piano-Fortes, 180 Hill, W. B., Actuary for Trust Com- pany, 184 Hood, W. P., Iron Works, 190 Home Gazette, Arthur's, 200 Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 201 Hartley & Knight, Carpetings, 226 Hinckley, C. T., Engraver, 230 Hacker, W. P. & G. W., China, Glass, &c, 234 Home and Foreign Record, the, 243 Home, the School, and the Church, the, 247 Heywood's Gentlemen's Furnishing Store, 248 Hospital, Pennsylvania, 250 for the Blind, Wills', 262 for the Insane, Pennsylvania, 253 City, 265 Christ Church, 266 St. Joseph's, 266 Humane Society, for the Recovery of Drowned Persons, 277 Hebrew Synagogues, 322 Hand, Joseph T. K., Jeweller, 330 Hughes &. Torbet, Printers, 340 Harris, Richard, Music Printer, 342 Harper & M'Lean, Watch Cases, 342 88 446 INDEX. Hupfeld, C. F., Musical Instru- 1 ments, 344 Hollis, Michael, Sculptor, 344 Hatch, John Davis, Architect, 362 Hopkinson, Francis, Attorney, 366 Hedges, Joseph H., Conveyancer, 370 Horstmann & Sons, William H., Mi- litary Goods, &c, 376 Hart, Ware & Co., Cottage Furni- ture Establishment, 378 Hat Company, New, 390 Hazleton Coal Company, 410 Harrisburg, Portsmouth, Mount Joy, and Lancaster Railroad Company, 410 Hotels, 417 Hotel, United States, 417 Jones's, 417 House, Columbia, 417 Washington, 417 Girard, 419 Hotel, Merchants', 419 House, Franklin, 421 Hotel, American, 421 Hall, Congress, 421 Hotel, Eagle, 421 City, 421 Red Lion, 421 House, Mansion, 421 Madison, 421 Mount Vernon, 421 Hotel, White Swan, 421 Bloodgood's, 421 Jones's, on the European plan, 421 Bull's Head, 421 Independence Hall, or State House, 23 Square, 83 Independent Line of Steamers be- tween Philadelphia and New York, 140 Item, Fitzgerald's City, 150 Industry, House of, 270 Independent Methodist Church, 317 Order of Odd Fellows, 328 Order of Good Fellows, 329 Improved Order of Red Men, 329 Insurance Companies, 404 Insurance Company, Fire and Ma- rine, 404 Insurance Company, North Ameri- can, 404 of the State of Pennsylvania, 404 Delaware Mutual Safety, 404 Columbia, 404 Marine, 404 Union Mutual, 404 Phoenix Mutual, 404 American Mutual, 404 Internal Improvements, 405 Insurance Company, Washington Mutual Fire, 406 American Fire, 406 Pennsylvania Fire, 406 Franklin Fire, 406 County Fire, 406 Philadelphia Contributionship Fire, 406 on Lives and Granting Annui- ties, Pennsylvania, 406 Annuity and Trust Company, the Girard, 406 Penn Mutual Life, 406 Equitable Mutual Life, 406 Trust, and Annuity Company, United States Life, 406 Hartford Life and Health, 408 Philadelphia Life, 408 and Trust Company, Globe, 408 Spring Garden Mutual, 406 Reliance Mutual, 406 Philadelphia Fire, 406 Lives and Annuities, 406 Jenkins & Co.'s Tea Warehouse, 68 Jones's Exchange Hotel, 68 Jones, W. F., Portrait Painter, 80 Jordan & Brothers, Grocers, 82 Jones, R. & Co., Coal Merchants, 90 Journal of the Franklin Institute, 241 Johnson, L. & Co., Type Foundry, 246 Johnson, Thomas, Survivor of Cap- tain Paul Jones's Crew, 257 Jones, E. S. & Co., Booksellers, 344 Johnson & Conway, Saws and Tools, 348 ' Jeanneret, Edward, Watch Cases, 362 INDEX. 447 Kern, George W., Turner in Ivory, 38 Klein, John, & Co., Dental Depot, 64 Kohler, J., Bookbinder, 64 Kern, Teacherof Drawing and Paint- ing, 64 Kelly & Brothers, Tailors, 68 Kutts, John, Architect, 104 Kensington Bank, the, 105 Institute, the, 227 Kent, Santee & Co., Dry Goods, 240 Klemm & Brothers, Musical Instru- ments, 242 Kensil, R. W., Venetian Blinds, 346 Kent, Santee & Co., 356 Kane, Robert P., Attorney, 366 King & Baird, Book and Job Prin- ters, 380 Kinsley & Co.'s Express, 390 Location and General Description of the City, 16 Lindsay & Blakiston, Publishers, 24 Lafore, A., Hair-dresser, Wig- maker, &c,, 42 Logan Square, 89 Liverpool and London Insurance Company. 88 Linnard & Weber, Piano-Fortes, 128 Linn, Smith & Co., Druggists, 136 Lovering's Steam Sugar Refinery, 138 Lindsay, R., & Co., Booksellers, 148 Lord, George W., Auctioneer, 164 Lee & Walker's Music Store, 390 Literary and Scientific Institutions, 187 Loganian Library, 197 Library, Philadelphia, 193 Law, 215 German Society's, 219 of the Pennsylvania Hospital, 219 of the University of Pennsylva- nia, 219 oftheHistoricalSociety of Penn- sylvania, 201 Friends', 221 Apprentices', 221 Southwark, 225 Northern Liberties Franklin, 225 Jefferson, 225 Lambdin, J. R., Portrait Painter, 230 Laurel Hill Cemetery, 331 Lee, Robert M., Recorder of the City, 344 Louderback & Hoffman, Engravers, 346 Latimer, Benjamin A., Conveyan- cer, 370 Lindop, Dr. W., Medical Agency, 370 Lazaretto, 377 Officers, &c, at the, 377 United States Inspection Sta- tion at the, 379 Loxley Hall, 425 Manufactures, 20 Mayor's Office, 31 Moyer, E. P., Saddle and Trunk Warehouse, 34 Magarge, C, & E. R. Cope, Paper Warehouse, 34 Megargee & Co., Commission Paper Warehouse, 34 Markets, 41 Madeira, Pugh, Surgical Instru- ments, 41 Market, High Street, 41 South Second Street, 43 North Second Street, 43 Callowhill Street, 43 Shippen Street, 43 Maiden Street, 43 Spring Garden, 43 Girard Street, 43 Moyamensing, 43 Franklin, 43 Eleventh Street, 43 Martien, W. S., Publisher, 50 Moore, C, Stationery and Fancy Store, 52 M'Clure, Wm. M., & Brother, Hardware, 70 Melloy & Ford, Tin Workers, 72 Matheys, R. E., Baths, 76 Museum Building, Philadelphia, 79 Masonic Hall, Chestnut Street, 79 M'Ciees & Gerinon, Daguerreotyp- ists, 80 Musical Fund Hail, 81 Mitchell, J. E., Burr Blocks, &c.,90 Merchants' Exchange, r 91 Miles & Son, Boots and Shoes, 94 M'Donough, T. P., Machinist, 96 I Mechanics' Bank, 97 448 INDEX. Morse's Magnetic Telegraph Line, 122 Meyer, Conrad, Pianos, 132 Moss, E. L., Broker, 134 Miller, C, Piano- Fortes, 146 Morris, Tasker & Morris, Pascal Iron Works, 154 Medical Institute of Philadelphia, 166, 167 M'Clees & Germon's Daguerreo- type Gallery, 166 M'Makin's Model American Cou- rier, 196 Mercantile Library, 211 Mason's Challenge Blacking, 218 M'Curdy, J. W., & Son, Boots, Shoes, &c, 220 M' Allister & Co., Microscopes, &c, 222 Maurice, Wm. H., Paper, Station- ery, &c, 232 Magazine, Godey's, 241 Graham's, 241 Sartain's, 241 Peterson's, 241 Presbyterian, 243 Odd Fellows', 243 Mother's Journal. The, 243 Medical News, The, 243 Miscellaneous Associations, 327 Masonic Lodges, 327 Halls, 327 McArthur, John, Architect, 330 Monroe, G. W. P., Paper Merchant, 336 Megargee, Theo., Paper Ware- house, 336 Mumford & Brother, Electrotypers. 342 Mattson, Thomas W., Trunk Ware- house, 346 Martin, Oliver, Variety Store, 348 Maples, Joseph, Sculptor, 350 Marple, Ellis & McClure, Fancy Dry Goods, 356 More & Gallagher, Iron Founders, 360 Manderson, Andrew M., Attorney, 362 Morris & Co., T. P., Iron Founders, 364 Mitchell, John C, Attorney, 366 Mitchell, B. A., Attorney, 366 Mitchell, J. C, Conveyancer, 370 Moses Thomas & Sons, Auction- eers, 384 Moran & Sickels, Fancy Job Print- ers, 390 Mayor and Officers of the City, 392 Mine Hill and Schuylkill Haven Railroad Company, 410 Mill Creek and Pine Hill Navigation and Railroad Company, 410 Nisi Prius Court, 31 New Jersey Market, 43 Navy Yard, 61 Nolen's Looking-Glass Warehouse, 70 Norris's Square, 87 Newell, Robert, Picture Frame Maker, 96 North American and United States Gazette, 204 Northern Liberties Gas Works, 61 Neagle, John, Portrait Painter, 230 Newspapers, 239 Daily Morning, 239 Daily Evening, 239 Weekly, Secular, 239 Weekly, Religious, 241 Sunday, 239 Northern Liberties Association for the Relief of Poor Women, 277 Neill, William, Tailor, 336 Neal's, Joseph C, Tomb at Laurel Hill, 337 Newell & Son, Wm., Grocers, 352 Newbold, William L., Real Estate Agent, 362 Newbold, John L., Attorney at Law, 390 North Branch Iron and Coal Com- pany, 410 Northwest Mining Company of Mi- chigan, 410 Norristown and Germantown Rail- road, 411 Northern Liberties and Spring Gar- den, or Willow Street Railroad, 413 Original Plan of the City, 17 Old State House Bell, The, 29 Old Congress Hall, The, 31 Old Academy, The, 115 O'Brien's, J. G., Business Directory, 116 INDEX. 449 Orphans' Society of Philadelphia, 2/2 Odd Fellows, Independent Order of, 328 Halls, 328 Old Mortality, his Pony, and Sir Walter Scott, 335 Oliver, Joseph M., Confectioner, 330 O'Keefe, Arthur, Sculptor, 342 Officers of the City and Districts of Philadelphia, list of the, 392 Ontonagon Mining Company of Michigan, 410 Old London Coffee House, The, 425 Population of Philadelphia, 18 Public Buildings, 23 Philadelphia and Liverpool Packets, H. & A. Cope's, 26 Philadelphia Insurance Company, 28 Prothonotary of the Supreme Court, 31 Price, Isaac C, Conveyancer, 38 Philadelphia Surgeons' Bandage In- stitute, 46 Patton, William H., Wall Paper, 58 Philadelphia Academy of Music, 66 Philadelphia Post- Office, 67 Places of Amusement, 73 Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Com- pany, 84 Penn Square, 87 Penn Mutual Life Insurance Com- pany, 108 Building, 109 Philadelphia and New York Steam Transportation Company, 114 Peters & Co., Cooking Ranges, 120 Philadelphia and Boston Steam Packets, 126 Powers & Weightman, Chemists, 130 Public Schools, 131 Philadelphia and New York Inde- pendent Line of Steamers, 140 Philadelphia Society for the support of Charity Schools, 141 Presbyterian Institute, 153 Pascal Iron Works, 154 Pawson & Nicholson, Bookbinders, 160 Palmer, B. Frank, Artificial Legs, 160 Pennsylvania College, Medical De- partment of the, 169 Philadelphia Association for Medical Instruction, 170 College of Medicine, 173 College of Pharmacy, 183 Library Company, 193 Pennsylvanian, The Daily, 204 Pennsylvania Inquirer, The, 206 Peter G. Bowers, Bonnets, 212 Press, The, 235 Protestant Quarterly Review, The, 243 Philbin, J., Plumber, 248 Preston Retreat, 268 Provident Society, 277 Patrick, St., Society of, 277 Penn's Treaty with the Indians at Kensington, 279 Presbyterian Board of Publication, 299 Board of Education, 300 Board of Domestic Missions, 300 Board of Foreign Missions, 300 Church, Library of the, 300 Pupils of Temperance, 329 Palmer, V. B., Advertising Agent, 330 Pugh, J. H., Bell Hanger, 344 Pearson & Sallada, Whips, Canes, &c, 344 Partenheimer, John, Wadding and Cotton Lap, 348 Palmer, V. B., Subscription Agency, 356 Penn Branch Benefit Association, 358 Port Richmond Iron Foundry, 364, 365 Pennington,HylandR., Attorney, 366 Police Department, 267 Day, 367 Night or Watch, 367 Stations, 367 Consolidated, 369 Consolidated Stations, 373 Penitentiary, State, for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, 379 Poor, Guardians of the, 394 Visiters of the, 394 Pennsylvania Hospital, Officers and Managers of the, 396 for the Insane, Officers and Ma- nagers of the, 396 450 INDEX. Pennsylvania Company for Insur- ance on Lives and Granting An- nuities, 406 Penn Mutual Life Insurance Com- pany, 406 Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company, 408 Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad Company, 408 and Trenton Railroad Com- pany, 408 Germantown and Norristown Railroad Company, 408 Pennsylvania, or Great Central Railroad Company, 409 Philadelphia and Havre de Grace Steam Towboat Company, 410 and Lancaster Turnpike Road Company, 410 and Trenton Railroad, 411 Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad, 411 Penn Cottage, The, 422 Quintin, A., Upholsterer, 238 Quarterlies, 243 Rogers, C. B., Agricultural Ware- house, 68 Roberts, David, Dentist, 72 Rimby & Lawrence, Paper Ware- house, 74 Rowley, Ashburner & Co., Com- mission Merchants, 94 Reed, Brothers & Co., United States Clothing Depot, 98 Refuge, House of, 141 Reed, Jacob, Clothing Warehouse, 142 Romig, Lay & Co., Ink Works, 152 Ryan, John W., Camphine, 164 Root, Marcus H., Daguerreotypist, 212 Religious Newspapers, 241 Richards, Daguerreotypist, 242 Rosenthal, L. N., Lithographer, 242 Ranking's Half- Yearly Abstract of the Medical Sciences, 245 Religious Institutions, 326 Rease, William H., Lithographer, 330 Rogers, William E., Artists' Colours, 330 Rorer & Sons, Surgical Instruments, 336 Reazer's Writing Academy, 336 Rink, Joseph, Toy Store, 336 Richards & Brother, Glass Ware- house, 358 Rau, Edward H., Bookbinder, 362 Robertson, William, Guns and Fish- ing Tackle, 362 Receveur, P. N., Opera-Glasses, Engine Turner, &c, 362 Raybold, Joshua M., Marble Paper, 362 Recorder of the City of Philadelphia, 392 Register and Secretary of the Water- ing Committee, 392 Railroad, Coal and Canal Compa- nies, 408 Relics of the Past, 421 State House, The, 23 Safford & Cookman, Curtains and Curtain Materials, 30 Struthers, J., & Son, Marble Yard, 40 Stauffer & Harley, Watchmakers, 44 Schuylkill, Steamboat Excursions, 46 Smith, J. M., Steam Flour Mill, 48 Smith, R. & R. S., Carvers, 50 Sprenger & Mills, Tailors, 70 Sellers, J. & D., & Co., Wire Work- ers, 72 Swaim's Buildings, 77 Sansom Street Hall, 77 Spring Garden Hall, 79 Sinkler, Henry, Engraver, 80 Squares, Public, 83 Sowers & Barnes, Publishers, 90 Smith, Pemberton& Co., Chemists, 104 Steiner, J. & J. P., & Co., Fancy Dry Goods, 116 Swaim's Panacea, 122 Slote & Mooney, Stereotype Foun- ders, 128 Schools, Public, 130 Shippen, Edward, Attorney, 132 Spittall, J., Engraver, 132 Simon, John H., Bookseller, 132 School, Central High, 133, 139 Locust Street Public, 139 INDEX. 451 School, Zane Street Public, 139 Lombard Street Public, 139 Northeastern Public, 139 Northwestern Public, 139 Southeastern Public, 139 Southwestern Public, 139 Madison Public, 139 Jefferson Public, 139 Mount Vernon Public, 139 Weccacoe Public, 139 Monroe Public, 139 Hancock Public, 139 Livingston Public, 139 West Philadelphia Public, 139 Ringgold Public, 139 Morris Public, 141 Harrison Public, 141 Seminary of St. Charles Borromeo, Theological, 147 Society for the Institution and Sup- port of Sunday Schools, 149 School, Robert Raikes Sunday, 151 The Howard Sunday, 151 Schools, Episcopal Church Parish, 153 Roman Catholic Parish, 153 School for Coloured Children, Free, 153 Sturges, George, Spring Mat- trasses, 156 School, The Aimwell, 153 Stratton's Hat & Cap Store, 160 Sinclair, Thomas, Lithographic Es- tablishment, 174 Schell, J. E. & B., Marble Works. 184 Stokes & Buzby, Clothing, 186 Sherman's Printing Establishment . 192 Saturday Evening Post, The, 198 Scherer, Louis, Piano-Forces, 216 Scherr, E. N., Piano-Fortes, 226 Schuler, Peter, Piano-Fortes, 220 Sanson, Aaron J., Trunks, 224 Spring Garden Institute, 225 School of Design for Women, 227 Sloan, Samuel, Architect, 230 Samuel, David, & Son, Furs, &c, 238 Shriver & M'Lean, 238 Sunday Newspapers, 241 Spring Garden Tube Works, Grif- fiths', 248 Soup Societies, 277 Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Prisons, 277 Colonization, 277 St. George's, 277 St. Andrew's, 277 St. David's, 277 St. Patrick's, 277 Abolition, 377 Synagogues, Hebrew, 322 Shew, Myron, Daguerreotypist, 334 Sheridan, James, Tailor, 336 Short, John, Grave of, 345 Swain, J. W, Umbrellas and Para- sols, 348 Simons & Brother, Dealers in Oil, 352 Stone, A., Hemp Hose, and Lamp- wick, 356 Shields & Miller, Hardware, 356 Subers, Isaiah, Iron Railings, 388 Spering, Joshua, Attorney, 366 Saurman & Co.'s Steam Pattern and Model Works, 368 Select Council, The, 369 Spering, J., Conveyancer, 390 Solicitor, City and County, 394 Schuylkill Navigation Company. 408 Valley Navigation and Rail- road Company, 408 Navigation, Railroad and Coal Company, Little, 408 Siskowit Mining Company of Michi- gan, 410 Southwark Railroad, The, 411 Steamboats, 413 Slate-Roof House, 423 Tide-waiters, 35 Toy, Nicholas, Jr., Carver, 66 Theatre, Walnut Street, 75 Chestnut Street, 73 Arch Street, 75 Welch's National, 79 Taylor, A. R., Teacher of Music, 104 Telfer, R., Engraver, 134 Tracy, C. & B., Watch Cases and Dials, 144 Tennent, Henry, Sheet-Iron Work- er, 164 Trust Company, 184 Transactions of the College of Phy- sicians, 245 452 INDEX. Transactions of the Academy of Natural Sciences, 247 American Philosophical Socie- ty, 247 Temporary Home Asylum, The, 277 Treaty, Penn's, 279 Temperance Societies, 329 Tioga Railroad Company, 410 Turnpike R.oads, 417 Taylor, G. W. & Lewis B., Boots and Shoes, 352 Treasurer of the City of Philadel- phia, 392 Umbrella Manufactory, Wright and Brother, 32 United States Appraisers' Office, 35 Inspectors of Customs, 35 Dry Dock, 61 Mint, 65 Union Mutual Insurance Company, 88 Union Steamship Company, 102 United States Life Insurance Annu- ity and Trust Company, 112 University of Pennsylvania, 115 Medical Department of the, 159 Union Hotel, 170 United Order of American Mecha- nics, 329 United States Life Insurance, Annu- ity and Trust Company, 406 Union Canal Company, 408 Vollmer & Co., Cabinet-Makers, 52 Vogt, George, Piano-Fortes, 94 Van-Gunden & Finney, Marble Works, 96. Vandyke Building, 111 Virginia Hotel, 116 Van Loan's Daguerrean Gallery, 224 Vansant, A. L., Confectioner, 330 Vaux, Richard, Attorney, 366 Witherspoon, John, 25 Wholesale Provision Trade, 45 Wattis and Haselwood, Writing desks, &c, 44 Wyckoff, P., Attorney, 44 Warner & Helm, Gold Watch- Case makers, 44 Water- Works, Fairmount, 45 Wray, William A., Marble Mason, 50 Water- Works, Spring Garden and Northern Liberties, 51 Wood, Robert, Ornamental Iron Works, 76 Weaver, George T., &, Co., Cordage Factory, 78 Washington Square, 85 Webb, Charles, Grocer, 86 Wiltberger, Alfred, Druggist, 90 Western Saving Fund Society, 104 Saving Fund Association, 107 Warburton, Wm. F., Hatter, 116 Wilson's Mercantile Institute, 118 Wilhelm, Frederick, Fruit Store, 102 Weaver & Volkmar, Hot Air Fur- naces, 124 Wiatt's Bookbindery, 130 Wadleigh, Albra, Insurance Agent, 138 Williams, B. E., Window Blinds, 184 Walker, U., & Sons, Patent Wire, &c, 214 Weekly Newspapers, 239 Winchester & Scott, Furnishing Store, 248 Watson's Annals, 279 Wilson's, Alexander, Grave, 282 Wharton Street Church, 317 Williams, Isaac S.,Tin Ware, 330 Walker & Sons, M., Iron Railings, 334 Wood, Robert, Ornamental Iron Works, 338 Whelan & Co., Boots and Shoes, 340 Wiltbank, S. P., Importer, 340 Williams, Charles, Dry Goods, 340 Worrels & Co., Dry Goods, 340 Winch, A., Periodical Agent, 346 Waugh, S. B., Portrait Painter, 343 Wilstach, Wm. P., Saddlery Hard- ware, 362 Wilson, Alexander, Attorney, 366 Watch, The City, 367 West Chester Railroad, 411 Young's Ornamental Printing Of- fice, 46 Yeager, Henry S., Looking-Glass Depot, 72 Young, John L., Hats & Caps, 132 Yerger& Ord, Artificial Legs, 210 Cljoirt nnb cBlrgant IfofoniM, PUBLISHED BY LINDSAY & BLAKISTON, PHILADELPHIA. 1. MISS MAY'S FEMALE POETS OF AMERICA; with Biographical and Critical Notices, and copious Selections from their Writings. 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