- J^ji—^ .z^-^ »»;'■■-»- -at.: y-r, r. 
 
 PERKINS LIBRARY 
 
 Unke University 
 
 Kare Dooks 
 
 Tt^ 
 
■■'1' ' t'^' 
 
The Arts of 
 
 L O G I C K 
 
 AND 
 
 RHETORICK, 
 
 ILLUSTRATED 
 
 By Examples taken out of the beft 
 Authors, Antient and Modern, 
 In all the Polite Languages. 
 
 Interpreted and Explain'd 
 By that Learned and Judicious C r i t i c k, 
 
 Father Boukours. 
 
 To which are a4ded. 
 
 Parallel Quotations 
 
 Out of the Moft Eminent Englifi Authors in 
 Verse and Prose : Wherein the like Obfervations 
 are made on their Beauties and Blemishes, 
 in all the various Kinds of Thought and 
 Express ion. 
 
 As all is Darknefs when the Fang y's bad -, 
 So without Judgment Fancy is but mad. 
 
 D. of Bucks. 
 
 L N^D N: 
 Printed for John Clark and Richard 
 HetTjJohn Pemberton^P.ichakd 
 Ford, and John Gray. 
 
 ii.ECe,XXVllL 
 
The Right Honourable 
 
 George Dodington^ Efq; 
 
 One of the Lords of the Treafury, 
 
 AND 
 
 Lord Lieutenant of the County 
 of Somerset. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 H E Lofs of my intended 
 Patron, Sir Samuel Garthy 
 who put me upon this Work, 
 was fuch a E)ilcoura2;ement 
 to my Studies, which he was 
 always pleas'd to favour, that 
 I thought no more of Pere 
 Bouhours^ or Right-thinking, 
 till 1 had the Honour of your Converiation, 
 which revived in my Memory all thofe Ideas 
 
 A 1 of 
 
iv Dedication. 
 
 of it that are the Ornament and Ufe of the 
 French Gritick's admirable Trcatife. 
 
 The Inducements I fhou'd have had to have 
 made the like Addrefs to my dcceas'd Friend, 
 were his fine Learning, Genius, Tafte, Wit, 
 Judgment, Vivacity, and Humanity, which are 
 but a Part of your Charadter, heightened by a 
 perfed Knowledge of Men, and the Bufinefs of 
 the World, by fuperior Dignity and Fortune; 
 where we find verify 'd what Mr. ^ope faid in 
 Flattery of one of the late Queen's lateft Mini- 
 fters, A Genius not more d'lftinguijh' d hi the 
 great Scenes of Bufinefs^ than in all the ufe- 
 ful and entertaining Tarts of Learning : But 
 it was thofe other valuable and amiable Qiiali- 
 ties which wou'd have induced me to have had 
 Recourfe to the Protedion of Sir Samuel Garth, 
 as they neceilitate me to defire Yours : For with- 
 out Learning, Genius, Tafte, Wit, and Judg- 
 ment, no Patron cou'd have proteded a Book 
 which treats of nothing elfe, and that in the 
 moft Delicate and Initrudive Manner. 
 
 It was impoffible for mc not to think of You, 
 in a Cafe of this Nature ; and that Beneficence 
 which is ^o confpicuous in all Your Adions, con- 
 firm'd me in an Opinion that You wou'd not de- 
 ny me Your Patronage • it being as neceflary to 
 me, as it is glorious to others : For in every Ar- 
 ticle of Right-thinking, You will, with a Glance 
 of Your Eye, fee if Father Bouhours and my 
 felf arc not miftaken ; and if You approve of 
 
 what 
 
Dedication. V 
 
 what we have done, we fhall have nothing to 
 fear from Criticifm, 
 
 I D A R E not flatter my felf with fljch Hopes, 
 and that this will be our good Fortune ; Your 
 Penetration being too quick to let the leaft Slip, 
 or Negligence cfcape You, and much lefs any 
 Error, or Misjudgment ; but then we are fure to 
 fufFer nothing by Jealoufy and Prejudice, which 
 Your Judgment is as much above, as any Perfor- 
 mance of ours can be beneath them ; and Your 
 Candour, fo peculiar to Great Minds, will put 
 the good Intention into the Scale, when the Me- 
 rit of the Work wants more Weight there. 
 
 I A M far from a vain Imagination that I have 
 perform'd my Part as a Tranflator, or as an Au- 
 thor, with the Perfedion the Subjed deferves ; 
 but there being little or nothing concerning it in 
 our Language, and both Authors and Readers 
 confounding the various Manners of Thinking in 
 the general Term Thought, by which great Con- 
 fufion happens, and much is loft both of In- 
 ftrudion andPleafure, I could not help fancying 
 that an Attempt of this Kind would be equally 
 ufeful and agreeable ; and having made greater 
 CoUcdions for it, than perhaps any other 
 Man had done, I was willing to offer them to 
 the Publick for thofe Improvements and Embel- 
 lifhments which may be expeded from better 
 Talents, and more Opportunities. 
 
 A 3 Uovr 
 
vi Dedication. 
 
 How many great Genius's have mifcarry'd, 
 by not thinking rightly on Subjects they were 
 othcrwife well able to handle and adorn, and for 
 Want of confidering that Truth, in all the Pro- 
 ductions of the Mind, is what only renders them 
 agreeable and ufeful, and that the falfc Brillantof 
 Thoughts is like the Glare of Lightning, which 
 dazles and hurts the Sight, as that does the 
 Underftanding ! 
 
 Thus it was that Bilhop Andrews^ and the 
 moft eminent Divines at the Beginning of the 
 laft Century, reduc'd Preaching to Punning, and 
 the Eloquence of the Chair to the Buffoonry of 
 the Stage. Thus it was that Dr. ^onue, and 
 Mr. Co'-Ji'lcy, confounded Metaphyficks and Love, 
 and turn'd Wit into Point. 
 
 It was thus that 'Dry den alio confounded 
 Epick Poetry and Elegy, Tragedy and Farce, 
 and taught his Contemporary Poets, by his Ex- 
 ample, to make their Heroes and Heroines, in 
 the Agonies of Defpair and Death, figh out their 
 great Souls in Simile and Rhime. This Vice in 
 Thought is the moft obvious, and yet the moft 
 conmion, m EngliJhVoitixy ^ occaiion'd either by 
 the Poets Ignorance of it, or their Dependance 
 on the Ignorance of their Hearers and Readers, 
 tho' thev have been taught better, as by the 
 laft Duke of Bucks. 
 
 Figures 
 
Dedication. vii 
 
 Figures of Speech^ which Poets think fo fine. 
 Are all hut Paint upon a beauteous Face, 
 And in Defcription only claim a Place ; 
 But to make Rage declaim^ and Grief difcourfc^ 
 From Lover in Defpair fine 'Things to fiorce, 
 Muft needs fuccecd ; for who can choofe but pity 
 A dying Hero miferahly witty ? 
 
 And again, 
 Or elfe the Bells eternally they chime, 
 They figh in Simile, and die in Rhime. 
 
 I s H o u'd not have preilim'd to have touched 
 the Chair, which is facred even its Faults,but that 
 I found the Lord Lanfdown had been more free 
 with it on the like Occafion, where he fpeaks of 
 Taith in Thought, or Right-thinking ; without 
 which the Poet's and Orator's Brain is always de- 
 lirious. 
 
 But let the hold Adventurer he fure 
 
 That every Line the Teft of Truth endure. 
 
 On this Foundation may the Fahrick rife. 
 
 Firm and unfijaken, till it touch the Skies. 
 
 From Pulpits hanifij^d, from the Court and Love, 
 
 Abandon' d Truth feeks Shelter in the Grove. 
 
 Cherifij, ye Mufes, the forfaken Fair, 
 
 And take into your Train the beauteous IVandere^'. 
 
 The noble Critick plainly alludes to the pun- 
 ning Sermons in the Reign of King James I. 
 and the Metaphyfical Love-Yerfes by which 
 
 A 4 IDonne 
 
viii Dedication. 
 
 T>onne and Co'-juley acquir'd fo much Fame. 
 Cowley efpecially, with as much Wit as ever 
 Man had, ftiews as little Judgment, by which 
 his Poetry is in our Days follink in the Opinion of 
 good Judges, that there is no Hope of its rifing 
 again. The following Vcrfes of his on T>cfpatr^ 
 is an Inftancc how Httlc he knew of Right-think- 
 ing, though he knew fo much of Thought. 
 
 Beneath this gloomy Shadc^ 
 
 By Nature only for my Sorrows made^ 
 
 ril fpend my Voice in Cries, 
 
 In Tears I'll ivajle my Eyes, 
 
 ■By Loz'e fo vainly fed 5 
 
 So Lufl, of old, the Deluge punijhed. 
 
 IVhen Thoughts of Loz-e T entertain, 
 
 I meet no JVords but Never and In vain. 
 
 Nevei-, Alas! that dreadful Name, 
 
 JVhich fuels the eternal Flame, 
 
 Never, my Time to come muft ivafte. 
 
 In vain torments the Prefent and the Paji, Sec. 
 
 A LIVELY Inftanceof what the Duke o{ Buck- 
 ingham fays. That a Lover in Defpair cannot 
 have fiich fine Things forc'd from him, and 
 that, like Rage, it expreffes it felf in Rants and 
 Breaks; the Mind being too bufy with its own 
 Mifery, to have Leifurc for foreign Objeds. 
 Such Examples will explain what is meant by 
 Thinking and Speaking rightly, better thanRea- 
 fonmgs and Rules. Figures, indeed, feem to be 
 too little underftood by the Moderns, and 
 
 lefs 
 
Dedication, ix 
 
 lefs by Englijh Writers than Italian or French^ 
 whofe Wit lying pretty near the Surface, one 
 wou'd think fliou'd be more apt to rife up in 
 Metaphor ; but ours in England, tho* it has more 
 Depth, ferments fooner, and then with a great 
 deal of Spirit there will be fome Lee, from 
 whence proceeds that Huddle of Metaphors which 
 Collier' and the moft celebrated Writers of E (fays 
 miftake for a fruitful Fancy, tho' they leave no 
 diftind Idea in the Mind of the Things they 
 wou'd exprefs. 
 
 For Want of knowing how to think right- 
 ly, Painting and Declamation have pafs'd lately 
 for the Perfedion of Hijiory, both in Fad 
 and Expreilion, tho' nothing is more contrary 
 to that Simplicity which is the very Effence 
 of it. 
 
 Sir, I do not tell you thefe Things as News : 
 You are too well acquainted with them, to learn 
 from Pere Bouhours^ or the bell of his Difciples ; 
 tho' Mr. Addison look'dn^on him to be the mofi 
 penetrating of all the French Criticks. I only 
 lay them before You, as a Judge to decide, Whe- 
 ther it was not fit that fuch Errors, being found 
 in the Writings of Authors of the greateffc Emi- 
 nence, ihou'd be known, that they may be a- 
 voided ; and, if poUible, there may be a little 
 Order obferved to make fome Amends for what 
 is wanting in Genius and Eloquence, which are 
 not to be learn'd, and hardly to be expeded, in 
 the Decay which is coming fail upon all Kinds 
 
 of 
 
X Dedication. 
 
 of polite Literature. Good Judges forefaw it 
 twenty or thirty Years ago, and mark'd the Gra- 
 dations by which this Decay wou'd appear fen- 
 fibly. They, probably, made thofeRefledions 
 from what they had obferv'd of the Fate of 
 Poetry and Eloquence ; when, after the Age of 
 Augustus, Mimes, Cudgel-T layers, and 
 Bears ^ were preferr'd to true Comedy • the Points 
 o{ Martial to the happy Turns oiCatullus\ when 
 Sound got the better of ^^wit^ and folid Reafon 
 gave Way to Tales and Trifles ; when the De- 
 generacy reach'd their Morals as well as their 
 Arts and Sciences, (as it will always do in all 
 Countries) and the Lofs of their Tafte was fol-r 
 low*d with the Lofs of their Liberty. 
 
 What Danger we arc in of lofmg our Gout 
 is too vifible \ and if there is any Way to pre- 
 vent or delay it, 'twill not be {o inconliderable 
 a Piece of Service to the 'Publick as may at firft 
 be imagined ; for whatever ferves to fet People 
 in a right Way of Thinking on one Subjed, will 
 be helpful to them on all ; and to bring them, to 
 the Standard of Truth, is a fure Way to make 
 them afham'd of P\iifhood, which, when known, 
 is as ridiculous and contemptible in Letters, as 
 it is pernicious and odious in Life. 
 
 T H E R E is nothing fo likely to gain the Read- 
 er's Attention to fuch new and ftrange Notions, 
 as my venturing to ftart them before You ; for 
 whatever Opinion the World has of my Capaci- 
 ty, they have fo juft a one of Your Judgment, 
 
 that 
 
Dedication. xi 
 
 that they will imagine I durft not have prcfum'd 
 fo far, if in what 1 faid there was not fomething 
 true at the Bottom : Indeed if there is not, 'tis 
 owing entirely to theWeaknefs of my own Con- 
 ceptions, as Father Boubours has milled them. 
 But fince there is no Fear of his niifleading, and 
 as much Strength in his Argument as Elegance in 
 his Didion, I flattered my felf 1 did not venture 
 fo much in making this Addrefs to You, as 1 may 
 be thought to have done by thofe who have lefs 
 Knowledge of him and his Merit. 
 
 The Scandal fuch Addrefles as thefe have 
 for IbmeTime lain under, has not arifen io much 
 from the Meannefs of the Author's Views, as from 
 their Indifcretion in the Choice of their Patrons. 
 Thus, without having any Regard to their Cha- 
 racter, or Capacity, we often find a Difcourfe of 
 Politicks addrefs'd to a Fox-hunter, a Treatilc 
 of Gardening to a Citizen oi London, a Piece of 
 Divinity to a General of the Army, a Poem to a 
 Judge, and a Play to a Stockjobber : But every- 
 one will approve of my prefenting this Work 
 to You, as to a perfed Mailer of the elegant 
 Arts Pere Boubours treats of ; the Example of 
 whofe Writings will teach us more of the Alan- 
 tier of Right-t bin king in tbe Works of the In^ 
 gentous^ than his Precepts and LeiTons. 
 
 That Part of the following Treatife which 
 is entirely my own, and near a Moiety of the 
 Whole, recommends it felf to You by nothing 
 but an ex;ad Imitation of Father Bouhours^s Ob- 
 
 fer vat ions 
 
xii Dedication. 
 
 fervations on Thought and Exprcffion in the bell 
 Authors, antient and modern ♦ to which I have 
 endeavour'd to adapt parallel Quotations out of 
 the bed Englijh Authors, Poets and Orators, in 
 the different Manners of Thinking. 
 
 The Difficulty of this Task will be eafily 
 conceived by thofe who judge with Your Quick- 
 nefs and Exadnefs ; but the Number of them is 
 fo few, that it will be neceflary to explain it a 
 little. For, as Images, in Painting, do not al- 
 ways appear in the fame Light to all that fee 
 them, fo neither do they, in Thought and Ex- 
 prefiion, to all that read them- and tlie Icaft 
 Variety in View will very much vary the Simi- 
 litude. Being fenfible how difficult it was to fuc- 
 ceed in fuch parallel Qiiotations, I cannot but be 
 as fenfible of the Caution I fnou'd have taken in 
 addrelTmg them to You ; tho' if there is not that 
 fcrupulous Equality in all of them, which may 
 be expeftcd in Things of this Delicacy, there 
 will be found the Sublime, the Grand, the Fine, 
 the Agreeable, and all the various Kinds of 
 Thought, vvhich are {o finely fpun in iht French 
 Critick's Explanation of them. The Examples 
 out of Engiijh Authors may not quadrate witli 
 thofe taken out oi Greek.Latin, Italiaji, French^ 
 SpauiJhy'SiW^ other Writers, Antient and Modern: 
 However, they will be found to have a nearer 
 Relation to them than (according to BoUeaii) 
 is neccflary, in comparing Things one with ano- 
 ther ; ^Tis a Truth uiiiver fatly acktwjuledg'd^ 
 fays he, That it is not iieceffary in Toctryfor the 
 
 Toints 
 
Dedication. xiii 
 
 Joints of Compart fin to anfuuer exactly one to 
 another^ but that a general Agreement is fuffi- 
 r/^;//^ ; which general Agreement will be apparent 
 in comparing my Quotations with Father Boti^ 
 hotirs's. Boileau^ as levere a Critick as he is, may 
 have too much Regard to the Difagreement which 
 is too often found in modern Similes : Such as this 
 of ©ry^^w's, where he compares the Jockies at 
 Winchefter Hofe-race to the Sun, which had lb 
 often the Honour to be a Comparifbn for the 
 French King. 
 
 ' Oi:er thy Courfe they rather fly than run^ 
 In a 'Wide Circle^ like the glorious Sun. 
 
 But I cou'd name an Epiftle in Englijb 
 Verfe where the Comparifons anfwer one ano- 
 ther exadly, and where the Author was not 
 contented with a general Agreement. 
 
 All Men enjoy in common with the other Gifts 
 of Nature, thofe of Thinking and Speaking: 
 But the Difference in their Look and their Air, 
 is not greater than that in their Thought and 
 Expreflion ; the Excellence of which arifes as 
 much from the Manner and Turn, as the Matter 
 and Words. The Flowers which grow in the 
 Gardens of Logick and Rhetorick are not fpon- 
 taneous, but the beautiful Effeds of the niceft 
 Culture and Care. Any one might have laid, 
 the VaJJions are too ftrong for Reafon ; but it 
 was only for the Duke de la Rochefaucanlt^ and 
 Perfons of his Diftindion in Genius and Rank, 
 to fay, the Head is the Dupe of the Heart. 
 
 As 
 
xiv Dedication. 
 
 A s good Breeding and Politenefs give a Grace 
 to Reafon, fo they do it much more to ^^■it ; as 
 we fee in that excellent Epiftolary Poem, where 
 the iineft Imagination is rendered ftill liner by 
 the Spirit and Elegance of Expreflion : 
 
 For none have been with Admiration read^ 
 
 But ivho^ bejide their Learnings were well bred > 
 
 Said the Lord Rofcomrnon^ who undcrftood good 
 Breeding, and good Learning, as wxU as any 
 Man ever did. 
 
 Without thefe glorious Advantages, which 
 are always accompany'd with Difcretion and De- 
 cency, Atithors, otherwife of agreeable Talents, 
 fall into Trifling and Ribaldry. Lownefs of Gha- 
 rader and Life naturally create Envy in irregu* 
 lar Minds, and thence proceeds an inordinate 
 and mifchievous Defire of Cavilling, the Cor- 
 ruption of Criticifm, one Inftance of which is 
 not to be found in Pere Bonhonrs. 
 
 Sir, If You cou'd forgive what might be faid 
 On thisSubjed. and ev'ry body wou'd not know 
 to whom and to what it refers, a great deal of 
 the following Treatiic might have been fpar'd, 
 as it concerns the Perfection of Thinking and 
 Writing, and the very great Refinements they 
 receive by the Knowledge of Men and Affairs, 
 as well as Books and Letters ; for Want of which 
 there is fo much Crudity and Pedantry in the 
 Produdions of Authors by Profeflion. 
 
 1 
 
Dedication. xv 
 
 I MUST own, I am not without Apprehcn- 
 fions that You may diftaftc that Profufion of 
 Praife on Lewis XIV. which we meet with in 
 the French Gritick's various Examples of the 
 Sublime, the Grand, the Fine, the Delicate in 
 ThoughtjOut o^ French ^^Xi'^ other Authors ; Your 
 Abhorrence of Flattery and Tyranny, and Your 
 juft and generous Sentiments of good Policy and 
 Liberty, will, doubtlefs, make that appear flat 
 and infipid to You, which to him is fo elevated 
 and grand. But in a Suppolition that the mighty 
 Monarch was really in Fad, what in Imagination 
 they reprefent him to be, thofe Thoughts are in 
 that Senfe true ; and I have endeavoured to pro- 
 vide an Antidote againft what is poif'nous in 
 them, by giving Inftances of all thofe different 
 Kinds of Thinking out of Englijh Writers, in 
 Praife of the great Princes who reign'd in Eng- 
 land after the Revolution^ whom Your Honour- 
 able Unkle had the Honour to ferve in the moft 
 important Offices of the State, with equal Zeal, 
 Fidelity and Applaufe. 
 
 And here, Sir, You will permit me to pay 
 Homage to the Memory of that noble Patriot, 
 not only in General, as I am an Englijhman^ for 
 his Loyalty to our Sovereigns, in whofe Service 
 he was fo ufeful and eminent, for his zealous af- 
 ferting the Rights and Liberties of the Subjed, 
 in the many Parliaments of v/hich he was a di- 
 llinguilh'd Member ; but alfo in Particular, as it 
 is to his Goodnefs and Generofity that I owe 
 
 what- 
 
xvi Dedication. 
 
 whatever Notice the Publick has been pleas'd 
 to take of me, and the Benefit I have receiv'd 
 by it, which I can only return in Gratitude and 
 good Wilhes to You and all Your Interefts; 
 being with great Refpect and Sincerity, 
 
 SIR, 
 
 Tour mpfl Faithful, 
 moji devoted, and 
 
 moft Obliged Humble Servant^ 
 
 J. Oldmixon. 
 
THE 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 Have [aid, in the Epifile Dedicatory^ 
 that Sir Samuel Garth pu 7ne upon 
 this delicate and difficult Work j and 
 his Name only is fufficient to excufe me 
 for the Boldnefs of the Attempt, every 
 Body knowing that Gentleman was as 
 good a Critick as he was a Poet ; and that what he 
 thought necejfary for the Improvement of Letters mufi 
 needs be fo. 
 
 I am not fo vain as to think it was for my Abilities 
 that he gave me this Hint ; but he knew very well t 
 would fp are no Fains to collet Materials, and had fuck 
 a Colkufion by me. 
 
 1 'T was his Opinion, that both Authors and Readers 
 had but a confus d Notion of the Variety and Juflnefs of 
 Thought ', and that this Confufton was a great Impedi- 
 ment to the Pleafure and Profit we meet with in the 
 Works of the Ingenious. 
 
 THE Defign of Pere Bouhours is to form the Judg* 
 ment, not by dry and rigid Rules only, but by the Beau^ 
 ties and Blemifhes of the inofi celebrated Writers, ancient 
 and modern. Corneille complains, that Ariftodc 
 treated of Poetry too much like a Philofopher ; and 
 the mojl famous ?)iodern Critick, Boflu, has done the 
 fame. Thefe learned Men fall into the Bidauiick Man- 
 tier, as it is more Grave and Magifterial \ and, indeed. 
 
xviii The PREFACE. 
 
 much tnore eafy than the Critical and Pleafant. The^ 
 are always for Things, and have a Contempt for 
 Words, of which they have no great Plenty or Choice. 
 This is what they call Solid, and leave the Delightful 
 to thofe who, perhaps, have not Jo much Reading, hut 
 a great deal more Wit. 'There is a Pride in Teaching 
 which agrees with the Morofenefs of Scholarfbip ; and 
 thefe three Ingredients together form a Figure like that 
 which Father Bouhours fpeaks of, where he tells us 
 the ingenious Author call d it an agreeable Monfter. 
 When the learned Critick is giving Laws to his Readers ^ 
 he gives hi?nfelf a Superiority over them, which is very 
 grateful to corrupt Nature, and very natural m Pe- 
 dants and P/^dagogues. To rally a weak Thought or 
 Exprejfwn, requires an Author to be in a pretty good 
 Hufnour himfetf, and willing to put his Reader into it, 
 which never enters into the Head or Heart of a folemn 
 four Critick ; and this is the Reafon why Critici[m, fo 
 ttfeful and pleafant, when mana^d with Skill andDecency, 
 lies under the general Scandal of Ill-lSIature, though it is 
 as far from it as it is to fet a Traveller right, when he is 
 cut of his Road. 
 
 ^HERE is no Book among the Ancients which 
 Inftrufts, and at the fame time delights, more than 
 Longinus'; Treatife of the Sublime, and the Pleafure 
 chiefly arifes from the Examples he produces of the va^ 
 rious Kinds of Thinking out of the Greek Poets and Ora- 
 tors. Bouhours refines upon Longinus ; and, with- 
 out penetrating fo far as the Latter has done in Argu- 
 ment, he proves what he afferts by Citations out of the 
 heft Authors, whether it is for Reproof or Applaufe, 
 I have endeavoured to do the like in my Rotations out 
 cf Englifh Writers. I have made ufe of none hut the 
 heft, whether the-^ wrote in Verfe or in Profe, the Faults 
 of great Men only being worth Obfervation, that thofe 
 who have not their Talents may be upon their Guard ; 
 for if fuch Authors as Tacitus and Seneca a77iong the 
 4ncientSy TalTo, Malherbe, Balfac, Cowley, and 
 
 Dryden, 
 
The PREFACE. xlx 
 
 Dryden, among the Moderns, fall into the grojfejl 
 Errors in 'Thinking, what have not meaner Gcnius'i to 
 fear from Negligence, and a worfe Misfortune flill, 
 from Ignorance ? A Critique on Abra Mule, or the 
 Trip to the Jubilee, on Settle or Durfey, Dunton or 
 D'Foe, would he a very merr-y Bufinefs. The Faults 
 of great Men are like Land-Marks on Mountains, to 
 dire5i Foyagers to avoid the Rocks and Shelves beneath 
 them ', as the Flowers, which are feat ter^d up and down 
 in their Writings, tempt the Imagination to frequent 
 thofe delicious Walks, and to imitate what it admires. 
 
 I N the following Treatife, the fnofi partis taken from 
 Father BouhoursV Maniere de bien penfer dans les 
 Ovurages d'Efprit, or Manner of right Thinking in 
 the Works of the Ingenious, for which Mr. Addifon 
 fo much extols him in the Sixty-fecond Spedlator. / have 
 done it paraphrajlically, and thrown out the Dialogue, 
 which has, indeed, fame French Impertinencies in it. I 
 have every where added Remarks of my own, and parallel 
 Citations out o/Englilh Authors to what he has cited out 
 o/" Greek, Latin, Italian, French, Spanifh ^7;zJ Por- 
 tuguefe, in all the various Kinds of Thinking, by which 
 the Work is rendered entirely new to the Englilh Reader, 
 and is fo nice in its Nature, that if he does not read it 
 with Candour, as well as Judgment ^ I fhall have but a 
 very ill Time of it. 
 
 HOWEVER, confidering I have had no other 
 View than to offer to the Puhlick what I had met with 
 in my Reading on this SuhjeB, which others may not 
 have obferv'd, as not having read with the like Inten- 
 tion, I may flatter my felf, that the Defign, at leafi, 
 will he allowed to he good, whatever may he thought of 
 the Execution. 
 
 WHAT Father Bouhours teaches us of juji 
 Thought and Expreffton has been imperfeolly hinted b^ 
 others -, there is a good deal of it in the Earl of Roi- 
 common, and the lafi Duke 0/ Buckingham*i Effays, 
 and in ibs Lord Lanfdown'i Effay on unnatural 
 a 2 Flights 
 
XX The P R E F A C E. 
 
 Flights in Poetry, the Hints of which feem to he taken 
 from our French Critick •, the) are all excellent^ efpe- 
 cially the latter, which, in a very few fne Verfes, con- 
 tains more nice Re?narks than are in the Tranflator of 
 Homer'5 long rhiming EJfay, where there is hardly one 
 Obfervation which is not borrowed from the above- 
 mentioned Effays, or from Dryden'j Prefaces, and his 
 Effay on Dramatick Poetry, which every where con- 
 tradict and differ from one another, as much as if they 
 were written by different Authors of different Senti- 
 ments : 
 
 If once the Juftnefs of each Thought be loft. 
 Well may we laugh, but at the Poet's Coft. 
 
 Says the Duke of Bucks. Authors, both ancient and 
 modern, have been apt to run into Error, not only out 
 of Ignorance, butfometimes out of Vanity, and a fond 
 beftre offhining always : 
 
 Think not fo much to fhine in fuch a Place, 
 As what a Man wou*d fay in fuch a Cafe. 
 
 D. Bucks. 
 
 Dacier blames Seneca for aiming fo much to ^ine 
 every where as to become ridiculous ; and the Duke 
 of Buckingham explains it : 
 
 Another Fault, which often does befal, ^ 
 
 Is when the Wit of fome great Poet fhall 4 
 
 So overflow as to be none at all, Jt 
 That even his Fools fpeak Senfe. 
 
 We have had fome comick Writers who have heenfljame- 
 fully mifiaken in this Matter, and have put Wit into 
 the Mouths of their Fops, Coquets ; nay, Nurfes, Va- 
 lets, Shoe-makers, Milliners, Baylors. Wycherly 
 and Vanbrugh offended enormoufly in this Kind ; and 
 
 there 
 
The PREFACE. xxi 
 
 there is not, to this Day, one Man in "Ten Thoufand who 
 does not think their Comedies excel all others even for that 
 Superfluity of Wit, To tell Dr. Fclton, and fuch fort of 
 Criticks, there is too much Wit in a Play, would fnake 
 you be flared at and laugh'* d at •, though it is certain, by 
 over-doing it, and not thinking rightly, there is as great 
 a Fault in the Superfluity as in the Want of Wit : 
 
 That filly Thing we call fheer Wit avoid. 
 
 D. Bucks^ 
 
 Indeed we have not had of late much occafion to com* 
 plain of the Shcernefs of Men*s Wtt, and the Lilli- 
 puts and Profundities are lamentable Proofs that we 
 need be in no more Concern about it, 
 
 WE jnay judge of Thought by what Plutarch tells us 
 of Exprejfton, in a Comparifon between Ariftophanes 
 and Menander : " The Difference in Di^ion, fays 
 " Plutarch, is infinite, Ariftophanes does not know 
 " how to make every onefpeak as becomes hi?n : A King 
 " Jhould talk with Dignity, an Orator with Force, a 
 " Mechanick with Rudenefs. The Diofion of Arifto- 
 " phanes'j Chara^ers is at a Venture, and you cannot 
 " tell whether it is a Son or a Father, a Labourer or a 
 *' God, an old Woman or a Hero An excellent 
 
 " Leffon this , and of wonderful ufe, were it well 
 " fludied i / believe polite Learning would gain more 
 " by it than by what we may expecl from the Produ- 
 " ^ions of all our modern Profejjors, 
 
 THE Difcourfe which feems to be fnoft artlefs is mojb 
 beautiful: Quintiliany^^j, Nothing is harder than 
 what every one imagines he could do himfelf, which 
 is the Simplicity fo much covimended by Longinus, 
 Bouhours, and the beft Criticks, andfo much decry* d by 
 the Tranflator of Homer, who affures us, in the Notes 
 he took from the Dutch and French Cornmentators, that 
 Si?nplicity is a Word of Difguife for a Ihameful un- 
 poetical Negle(5^ of ExprefTion •, wherein hejhews 
 
 a 3 us 
 
xxii The PREFACE. 
 
 us that be does not really under/land what is meant hy 
 Simplicity, which he confines to Language, though a 
 Thought is much 7nore likely to be fimple, as cofning im- 
 mediately from Nature, than E»prejfwn, which owes 
 much of its very Being to Art. What he ?neans by it is 
 rather Rudenefs /^^« Simplicity. If it regarded any 
 Thing befide Language, it wou*d run into Extravagance, 
 the certain Effe^ of Negle5i of Thought. But there's 
 nothing more common than for People to talk wildly, when 
 they touch on Subje£fs they are not Majlers of. A 
 Man may, doubtlefs, be a good Poet, without being an 
 Adept in Criticifm •, but to teach the Latter, without 
 knowing the firft Rudiments of it, is one of the worfl In- 
 jlances of ^ackery. However this Writer has a way to 
 come off which few People could think of; where he tells 
 us, I believe it will be found a true Obfervation, 
 that there never was any thing fo abfurd and ridi- 
 culous, but has, one Time or other, been written 
 even by fome Author of Reputation. A Reflexi- 
 on it may not be improper for Writers to make, 
 as being at once fome Mortification to their Vani- 
 ty, and fome Comfort to their Infirmity. That 
 Abfurdity has been any Mortification to this Critick 
 does not appear by the Modejly of his Writings, but pro- 
 bably that Reflection 7nay have been fome Comfort to 
 his Infirmity. 
 
 Oppofite to this SiinpUcity, which he feems to know 
 nothing of, is Affe6lation, which he appears to be very 
 well acquainted with. I think I have fomewhe^-e elfe taken 
 Notice that there are not in our Language Expreffwns 
 fo affeEled as this of the fame Tranflaior in the above- 
 mentioned Notes : Nothing is more lively and Pi^u- 
 refque, than the Attitude Patroclus is here defcribed 
 in : The Pathetick of his Speech is finely contrajled 
 by the Fierte of that of Achilles. The Affectation 
 here is fo apparent and ridiculous, that I defy any one to 
 [peak it, without making a prim Face, and fcrewing up 
 bis Mouth like pretty Mifs at a Boarding-School, if I 
 2 may 
 
The PREFACE. xxiii 
 
 fna-j he aUozved to Jl eat from 7ny [elf. Again, There is 
 fomething inexpreflibly riant in the Vintage Cow- 
 partment of Jchilles's Shield : By turning over a Page 
 or two o/Frefnoy, or Des Piles, who wrote of 'Pain- 
 ters and Painting, a Man may he furnijhed with a 
 Hundred fuch Technical Tenns. This is fo far from 
 that Neglect which he fo 7nuch condemns, that it is flu- 
 dfd and lahour*dy and has the Effe^ of thofe Imper- 
 tinents defcrib'd hy Horace and Boileau, who kill you 
 with Ceremony, 
 
 He fhocks you with Civility, as fuch 
 Difpleafeyou moft, who drive to pleafe too much, 
 
 THE fame Boileau inflrucfs us how to avoid this 
 Affectation, and yet not defend to Meannefs \ a great- 
 er Vice in Expreffwn, if poffible : The firfl Quali- 
 fication that is to be fuppos'd in a true Orator is, 
 that his Wit be not creeping : Indeed, 'tis impof- 
 fible for a Man who all his Life time has been us*d 
 to mean and fervile Inclinations, ever to be able 
 to produce any Thing very Marvellous, or worthy 
 of Poller ity : PFhich Tranflations are ?iot thought to 
 he by Men of Genius and Judgment. Boileau again in 
 a Letter to Monf de Maucroix, fays. As for me, and 
 my Brother Tranflators, we have no Reafon to 
 fear Pofterity. You have told me more than once, 
 Tranflation is not the way to Immortality. 
 
 ALL the Rules the Criticks give us for right Think' 
 ing, will fignify Jiothing without Talent ; Vitari deni- 
 que Culpam non Laudem meruit : He who writes 
 regularly, avoids Blame, hut does not deferve Praife ; 
 however, it muft be own^l, that Judgment contributes 
 very j?iuch to the Excellence of all ingenious Works ; 
 
 After a gen'rous and judicious Choice 
 Method and Eloquence will never fail, 
 
 ^^ 4. ^/ 
 
xxiv The PREFACE. 
 
 as we are taught by the Lord Rofcommon. He 7nuft 
 underjland if the Writer has a Gift of Nature •, for 
 without it. Eloquence and Method ivould he of no more 
 Ufe, than Pencil and Colours in the Hands of a Hind 
 Man. 
 
 'THERE is no Faljhood of Thought more vicious 
 than the confounding Religions, as 1 have fhe^Jjn more 
 at large in another Place -, And yet the greatejl Poets 
 have been guilty of it! 'Tis fo obvious that the f acred 
 Truths of reveal d Religion fhould have no Mixture 
 with the impious Fables of the Pagan Poets, that it 
 is aflonifiing to fee Men of Learning, as Milton and 
 Cowley, fall into fo grofs an Error. Monf. Voltaire 
 has offended this zvay too in his Henriadc, 'where hs 
 (peaks of the Fury Fanaticifin. 
 
 Cefl lay qui dans Rabah, i^c. 
 II di(5ta de Jephce je Serment inhumaine 
 Dans le cceur de fa Fille il conduifit lii maine, 
 C'eft lui qui dans Calcas ouvrant la bouche impic 
 Pemanda par fa Voix la Mort d'Iphigenie. 
 
 Jephra'j rafh Vow he dictated, heplun^d 
 The Father's Dagger in the Daughter* s Heart ; 
 'Twas He who opening Calchas'j lewd Lips, 
 By him de}nanded\^h\^^mdi' s Death. 
 
 THE Poet feems to be very fond of the Similitude 
 between the Truth and the Ficlion. Two Princeffcs are 
 facrificed, the one by the Judge of \{r2it\, the other by 
 the King of Argos, to appcafe the Goddefs Diana. 
 One is as true as another. And the Poet and the Pro- 
 phet equally infpir'd, according to Monf. Voltaire, 
 which is the Excefs of Falfhood in Thought, and has as 
 much Infdelity in it as Error. Sannazarius mingles 
 Paganifm with the Mxfleries of the Chrijlian Religion ; 
 and Camoens brings Bacchus and Venus into a Chri- 
 jlian Poem, for which Rapin fever ely cenfures both 
 (fthem, I 
 
The PREFACE. xxv 
 
 I am convinc*d, that itothing is more ahfurd than to 
 pretend to dire5i others, when one ivantsfo much to he 
 directed one^ s f elf. Rapin condemns Petronius for fal- 
 ling, in his little Foem of the Corruption of the Age, 
 into all the Mijlakes he cenfures in others. But as I go 
 m farther than I am authorized by Father Bouhours*^ 
 Obfervations, and by obferving my felf what Efcapes 
 have happened in our moft noted Writers, fo I fhall 
 he accountable for 7iothing but the Inequality of my Ro- 
 tations with his, or with the ^Things he treats of ', and 
 that Account I hope I can eafily make up with the Rea- 
 der, if I have Credit where they exceed, as well as 
 Debit where they fall fhort. 
 
 IN the following 'Tranjlations, I have been obliged 
 to heflavijhly literal ; for the Criticijms often depending 
 on a Word as well as the 'Thought, both ??iujl he pre- 
 ferv'd, or the Criticifm's lofl ; and it has not been a little 
 hard, where Pere Bouhours quotes Faff ages for their 
 Nonfenfe, to preferve even the Spirit of the Nonfenfe, 
 if I i?iay fo fay, in the Tranflation, and much lefs the 
 Spirit of all the various Kinds of fine Thifjking. 
 
 IF fuch Criticks as the Profundities and Lilliputs 
 fhould think thefe Remarks worth remarking, I fhall 
 not have fogood an Opinion of theirs, as to take more 
 notice of them, than of thofe worfhipful Wrong heads, 
 who not content with the Rank they hold, and the Re- 
 [pe£l that is paid them for their Dignities and Abilities 
 in their refpecliveVillages, Things which one would think 
 fhou*d be of the7?ifelves fufficient to fatisfy a ?noderate 
 Atnbition, fijall, without the leaji Call to it, or having 
 any other Foundation for it than a Gallery or a Glafs- 
 Cafe full of Books, take upon them the Office of a Cri- 
 tick, and decide peremptorily, whether a Work is good 
 or bad, by an affeoled Smile, the mojl agreeable Mark 
 of Stupidity, or by the mofi fhocking, and arbitrary Tofs 
 of the Head, Snuff of the Nofe, or Shrug of the Shoul- 
 der. But fince thefe Gentry have 7wt yet obtai?i\i the 
 life of Speech^ otherwife than in Rufticks atid Poli- 
 I ticks. 
 
xxvi The PREFACE. 
 
 ticks, it will he time enough to thifik of anfwering theniy 
 ivhen they can tell us what they would have, and we 
 then Jh all not fail to do our felves that Honour. If any 
 oneelfe, who isfenfible of Modejiy, and Majler of the 
 Suhjeul, JJjall /hew me where I have err'^d^ I will not 
 fail to acknowledge and amend thofe Errors with Gra- 
 titude and Pleafure. 
 
 NOT only the Author's Diftance from the Prefs, 
 hut the Difficulty of printing out of {o many Languages 
 as the ^iotations confijl cfy have occafton'd a few Er- 
 ratas, which^ however^ are mojtly Literals, and e.a^. 
 fily corre^cd by the knowing Reader. " ' 
 
A (hort Account of the Life and 
 Writings of Father B O U- 
 HOURS. 
 
 DOMiNicK BouHouRs was born of a good 
 Family at Paris, in the Year 1628. He had 
 a happy Difpofition to Religion and Literature, 
 which he cultivated from a Child, and at Sixteen 
 Years of Age commenc'd a Jefuit. 
 
 After he had gone through his Noviciat and 
 Philofophical Studies, he taught the Clafllcks in 
 the College of Paris where he ftudy'd them •, but 
 the Head-ach, to which he was often fubjeft from 
 that Time to his Death , oblig'd his Superiors 
 to interrupt the Courfe of his Lectures after four 
 Years Exercife. They put him upon the Study of 
 Divinity, in which he had not fpent four Years be- 
 fore he maintain'd tv/o publick Afts. They after- 
 wards fent him to ^ours to teach Rhetorick. There 
 he made feveral pretty Latin Poems, ^c. which 
 began to give him a Name. He apply'd himfelf 
 particularly to the French Tongue, and took the 
 more Pains in it, becaufe in fo doing he difchargM 
 one of the Duties incumbent on the Jefuits, who are 
 not only obliged, by their Inftitution, to teach the 
 Latin Grammar, but alfo to cultivate the Lan- 
 guage of the Country where they live, in order to 
 form the Children under their Care to the Tranfla- 
 tion of Authors. Father Bouhoms acquitted him- 
 felf fo well in this Refpe6l, that he became one of 
 the moft illuftrious Grammarians of his Time, as 
 his Books fhew, which have all the Purity and De- 
 licacy of Stile that ca.a be defir'd in well written 
 Pieces, 
 
 The 
 
xxviii l^hc Life and Writings 
 
 The Father was afterwards intrufted with the 
 Education of the two young Princes o^ Longueville, 
 m which Employment he behav'd fo well, that the 
 Dutchefs of Longiieville could not refufe him her 
 Efteem •, and the Duke of Longueville always ho- 
 nour'd him with his Confidence : Alfo the Count 
 de St. Paul, he of the two Brothers who befl knew 
 the Merit of Pere Bouhours, continually gave him 
 the moft effedual Marks of hisRefped and Tender- 
 nefs. 
 
 The Court wanting two Jefuits at Dunkirky in 
 order to aflift the King's Officers there, to render 
 the Inhabitants a little more French than they feem'd 
 to be at that Time, Pere Bouhours was chofe for 
 this Purpofe, who was fuch a Lover of Study, that 
 he found time for Compofitions in theMidft of the 
 Fun<5lions of a MifTionary, which he perform'd to 
 the Garrifon and the Catholick Refugees from 
 E)igland. 
 
 While he was at Dunkirk, M. Colbert deCir^d 
 him to fend him fome Account of the true State of 
 that Maritime Town, and he found his Anfwers 
 fo pertinent and judicious, that he defir'd his Supe- 
 riors to fpare him, in order to put the young Mar- 
 quifs de Seignelay, his Son, under his Care. 
 
 After his Return to Paris he compos'd feve- 
 ral Pieces, in which good Senfe, with agreeable 
 Thoughts and a pure Stile, fhines in every Page. 
 Never Man perhaps knew better how to improve 
 his Time, in thofe fhort Intervals of Eafe which he 
 had from the Head-ach •, for as foon as his Pain was 
 over he always fet himfelf to ftudy again, till the 
 27thofM^v, 1702. when he died in the College 
 of Lewis le Grand, in the 75th Year of his Age. 
 
 Nature had painted the Qualities of his Soul 
 upon his Face : He had an eafy agreeable Air, a 
 fprightly Phyfiognomy, and no Body was more 
 
 affable. 
 
of Father BOUHOURS xxix 
 
 afFable, more obliging, more even-temper*d, and 
 Jefs upon the Referve. 
 
 'The following is a Catalogue of his JVorks : 
 
 1. Relation de la Mort, &c. i. e. An Account 
 of the Death of Henr'^ II. Duke of Longueville. 
 Printed at P^m, 1663. in 4/c?. This Duke was fo 
 fond of Pere Boubours, efpecially towards the Clofe 
 of his Life, that he carry'd him along with him to 
 his Retirement at la Heufe, and died in his Arms. 
 The Account which the Father gave of his Death 
 was his firft Work, which confirm'd the good 
 Opinion the World had before entertain'd of his 
 Pen. 
 
 2. L^s Entretiens, &c. i. e. The Dialogues of 
 Ariftccus and Eugene. Printed at Paris in 167 1. in 
 4/0 and 110. Alfo at Jmfierda?n, 1682. in 12^?. Thefe 
 Dialogues, which are to the Number of Six, are 
 on thefe Subjects : The Sea, the French Language, 
 Secrecy, Wit, the J e nefcay quoiy Devifes. 
 
 3. A Letter to a Nobleman at Court. 'Tis againft 
 the Gentlemen of the Port Royal. 
 
 4. A Letter to Mejfieurs of the Port Royal, againfi 
 what they wrote to the Archhijhop 0/ Ambrun. 
 
 5. La Ferite, &c. i. e. The Truth of the Chri- 
 ftian Relision. Tranflated from the Italian of 
 the Marquifs de Pianejfa. Printed at Paris in 1 672. 
 120. 
 
 6. Doutes, &c. i. e. Some Doubts concerning 
 the French Language, propos'd to the Gentlemen 
 of the French Academy. By a Country Gentleman. 
 Printed at Paris, in 1675. 120. 
 
 '/. Remarques nouvelles. Sec. i. e. New Remarks 
 on the French Tongue. Printed at Paris, in 1675. 
 4I0. Alfo 1676. in 120. 
 
 8. Suite, &c. i. e. More new Remarks on the 
 French Tongue, Printed at P(^nV, in 1692. \n 12c. 
 
 In 
 
XXX The Life and Writings 
 In this Work Pere Bouhours treats the Subject with 
 the utmoft Nicety ; and, as he fays himfelf, enters 
 into the fined Metaphyfick of Grammar ; for 
 which Over-exa6tnefs the Abbe de la Chambre call'd 
 him The Slarcher of the Mufes. 
 
 9. The Hiftory of Peter d'Aubuflbn , Grand- 
 Majler of Rhodes. Printed at Parisy 1676. in 4^0. 
 Alfo in 1677. in 12c. 
 
 10. The Life of Si. Ignatius, Founder of the Society 
 of the Jefuits. Printed 3.1 Paris, in 1679. in /[to. 
 
 11. The Life of St. Francis Xiver, of the Society of 
 Jefus, Apoflle of the Indies and of Japan. Printed at 
 Paris, in 1682. in 4/(7. 
 
 12. The Opinion of the Jefuits touching Philofophical 
 Sin. In Three Letters. Printedat P^nV, in 1690. 
 in 110. 
 
 i^. La Maniere de bien penser dam les Ouvrages 
 d*Efprit : Or the Manner of right Thinking in the 
 Works of the Ingenious : Being Dialogues (be- 
 tween Eudoxius and Philanthius.) Printed at Paris y 
 in 1687. /[to. Again, in 1688. 120. and the fame 
 Year at Amflerdam, in 120. This Work was at- 
 tacked with a great deal of Wit in 1703. by the 
 Marquifs Orfi, in an Italian Treatife, and the 
 Journalifts, de Trevoux, have attempted in that 
 Journal to defend him. 
 
 14.. A Letter to a Lady in the Country concerning 
 the Dialogues aforefaid. Printed at Paris, in 120, in 
 1688. Pere Bouhours takes occafion in it to anfwer 
 the Faults found by the Marquifs with thofe Dia- 
 logues, which he extols to that Degree as made it 
 a Queftion with feveral whether the Letter was his, 
 though it was fo without Difpute. 
 
 15. Penfes ingenietifes, &c. i. e. The ingenious 
 Thoughts of the Ancients and Moderns. Printed at 
 Paris, in 1689. in 120. and a.t Amjler dam m 1692. 
 in 12^. P<f;-^5o«^o«rj having colle6led more Mate- 
 rials for his Maniere de bien penfer, than the Book 
 
 would 
 
of Fatber BOUHOVRS. xxxi 
 
 would admit of, was unwilling they fhould be loft, 
 and threw them therefore into his Work, which is 
 only a Colle6lion of various Sentiments, accom- 
 pany*d with fhort Refledlions, fliewing their Beau- 
 ties or Blemilhes. 
 
 1 6. Ingenious I'houghts of the Fathers of the Church. 
 Printed at Paris, in 1700. in 120. This is of the 
 fame Kind as the former. 
 
 17. The TStw Teftament rendered into French 
 from the vulgar Tranjlation. Printed , at Paris, in 
 
 Two Volumes in 120. the Firfl in 1697. and the 
 Second in 1703. Pere Bouhours was not the fole 
 Author of that Verfion *, for the Jefuits, le Tellier 
 and Befnier, aflifted in it, the former in quality of a 
 Divine, the laft as a Perfon vers'd in the Oriental 
 Languages. 
 
 18. The Lz/^ 0/" Laurentia de Bellefons, who was 
 the Foundrefs and Superior of the Nunnery of Bene- 
 diftines of our Lady of Angels at Roan. Printed at 
 Paris in 1686. in 8w. This Lady died in 1683. 
 
 19. Opufcuks fur divers fujets : Or, Mifcellaneous 
 *Tra^s. Printed at P<3m, in 1684. in i2<?. They 
 are on various Subjed:s, of which fome were pub- 
 lifh'd before ; as the two Letters againft Mejfieurs 
 of the Port-Royal 3 which are fomewhat alter'd in 
 this Edition : And the Account of the Death of the 
 Duke de Longueville. 
 
 20. Chrijlian Thoughts for every Day of the Month. 
 Printed at Pmj, in 120. 
 
 21. Chrijlian Maxifns, in 120. which have had 
 feveral Impreflions. 
 
 22. Scripture ExpreJJions, extra^ed for the Comfort 
 of Perfons under Suffering. A pofthumous Work. 
 Printed at Paris, in 1704. in 2^0. 
 
 23. A Panegyrick on Oliver Patru, of the French 
 Academy, one of the Advocates in Parliament. *Tis 
 prefix'd to his Works, 
 
 24. Letters 
 
KKxli The Life and Writing s^ ^c, 
 
 24. Letters to the Marchionefs de ■ con- 
 cerning the Princefs de Cleves. Printed at Paris^ in 
 1678. in 12(7. Though the Princefs de Cleve's 
 Book had a great Reputation at its firfl- Appea- 
 rance, yet a Criticifm came out upon it, which 
 gave it no Quarter. Pere Bouhours was fa id to be 
 the Author ofit ; and, indeed, the elaborate Me- 
 thod of Compofition and Criticifm, and the Quo- 
 tations taken from Bouhoursh New Remarks on the 
 French Language, might be fufficient Proofs to con- 
 firm this Suppofition, if it was not known to be his 
 by other Tokens. Yet there are fome Sentiments 
 advanc'd in this Criticifm which do not tally with 
 his ; and, perhaps, it was for this Reafon that he 
 did not care to own himfelf the Author ofit. 
 
 25. An Explanation of fever al French Terms ; as 
 the ^nigtna, Gryphe, Logogryphe, &c. which many 
 People confound for want of having a clear Notion 
 of them. 'Tis inferted in tht Memoirs de Trevoux 
 for Septe?nher, 1 7 o i . 
 
 The Memoirs de I'revoKx, for July, 1702. and 
 the Journal des Scavans, for the fame Month, have 
 an Encomium on Pere Bouhours, to which we fhall 
 only add that given him by Mr. Addison, in his 
 Spectator, N° 62. 
 
 " Bouhours, whom I look upon to be the moft 
 " penetrating of all the French Criticks, has taken 
 " Pains to fhew that 'tis impoflible for any 
 " Thought to be beautiful which is not jufl, and 
 «' has not its Foundation in the Nature of Things : 
 " That the Bafis of all Wit is Truth ; and that 
 " no Thought can be valuable, of which good 
 *' Senfe is not the Groynd-work." 
 
 THE 
 

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 ^&f 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
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 ^ 
 
 ^)JI 
 
 fm 
 
 1^3 
 
 ^^S 
 
 § 
 
 ■^r^^m 
 
 ^1 
 
 
 
 ^^nS^yj^ 
 
 ^^^m 
 
 1^ 
 
 THE 
 
 ARTS 
 
 O F 
 
 LoGicK ^^w^Rhetorick. 
 
 THE 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 N the Attempt which I 
 lately made, to give a 
 Sketch of Father Bon- 
 hours's Manner of Criti- 
 cifm, 1 was obliged to 
 be upon a ftridt Guard> 
 as expe^ing the Attacks 
 of all thofe that imagined 
 there were no Criticks but 
 themfelves, and no Way 
 cf thinking or fpeaking finely and juftly but their 
 own. I do not envy Gentlemen that good Opinion 
 of themfelves and their Judgement. 1 very fincere- 
 
 B iy 
 
a INTROT>VCTION. 
 
 \y acknowledge my own Want of it, and my Readi- 
 nefs to learn rather than to teach the Arts treated 
 of by Father Bouhonrs ^ but that does not hinder 
 my defiring that both Authors and Readers fhou'd 
 know as much of right thinking as our Neighbours, 
 and my endeavouring to contribute towards it. ""Tis 
 hop'd that feme abler Writer may be excited by it, 
 to improve and perfect what I have too imperfedlly 
 attempted both in the Effay on Criticifmj and the 
 following Treatife. I have now no fuch Fears up- 
 on me as when I was writing that Bjfay. The Cri- 
 ticks muft attack Pere Bouhonrs before they can 
 come at me. I put him before me every where, 
 and defend my felf by his Authority, which 1 am 
 fure the boldeft of them has not Courage enough 
 to encounter. His Work is divided into four Dia*- 
 loguesj and he has fome Advantages by the Dia- 
 logue^ which I fhall lofe in a continued Difcourfe, 
 but the Converfation is too much French. The 
 two Gentlemen Eudoxius and Philanthus are fo 
 extreamly Civil and Complaifant, that they feem to 
 be brought upon the Stage rather to fhew their 
 good Breeding than their good Learning. Add to 
 this, that Phiianthusy who Is fuppos'd to be the 
 Reader, is only as a Shade in a Picture, to give 
 Light to the Character of Eudoxius, whom you 
 muft fuppofe to be the Author , and, as it is always 
 in Dialogues, the Writer is ever the bcft Man in 
 the Company, whether it be as a Wit, a Critick, a 
 Politician, a Cafuift, a Divine, or a PerCon of any 
 Art or Profeflion. 
 
 The Author's Defign in his Mani^re de hien 
 penfer, has no Relation to the Art of Logick 
 which is taught by Meflieurs of the Port Koyal 
 in the Art of 'ithinking. He does not aim at teach- 
 ing the Readers how to conceive fimple Idea's, cr 
 
 form 
 
INTROT>T)CTION. 3 
 
 ifbrm Arguments with the Exa6lnefs which Argu- 
 mentation requires, both as to Reflexion and Pre- 
 cept. He does not endeavour to redify the ordi- 
 nary Judgements of Mankind in the Commerce of 
 Life and common Converfation, where Eloquence 
 and polite Learning are not in Queftion. 
 
 H E concerns himfelf only with thofe Produ(5lions 
 of the Mind, which are term'd Thoughts in the 
 IVorks of the Ingenious , and pretends to nothing 
 more than to diftinguifh the Good from the Bad. 
 He prefcribes no Rules, nor makes Laws for the: 
 Government of others ; he fpeaks what he thinks, 
 and leaves every one the Liberty to think other- 
 wife if they pleafe. 
 
 B Y the UWks of the Ingenious he underftands, 
 Hifiory^ Poetry^ Eloquence^ Speeches, Panegyricks^ 
 Funeral Orations^ and the like. The latter, Funeral 
 Orations are the moft ftudy'd Pieces in the French 
 Eloquence, and their Dodlors feem to imitate the 
 Licence of the Pagan Oratory on thofe Occafions, 
 more than the Piety and Simplicity of Chriftian 
 Sermons. 
 
 The Author has not treated this Subjed as it is 
 done in the Schools, where you muft travel thro* 
 a wide and barren Country of Technical Forms and 
 Terms, to arrive at a little Knowledge in a Nook 
 of it,- yet his Difcou'rfe,as it has regard to Thoughts, 
 may be deemed at once both the Arts of Logick 
 and Khetorick : Not a crabbed Logick, fuch as I 
 have juft mention'd, dry and abltrafted ; not a 
 diffus'd and difficult Rhetorick, form'd rather to 
 confotind than convince ; but Ihort and eafy, in" 
 Ibudling more by Example than by Precept. 
 
 B 2 Fa^ 
 
4 INTRO'DVCTION. 
 
 Father Bouhonrs was fometime of Opinion 
 that he (hou'd call his Book iht Hiftory of^boughtSj 
 and not the Manner of Thinking. For he often re- 
 prefents the Origin of them, the Progrefs, the 
 Change and the Decadence. His firft Obfervation 
 is infallible, that Genius of it felf can do little, if it 
 is not directed by Judgement. 
 
 Scribendi redte fapere eft & Principium & Pons. 
 Sound Judgement is the Ground of writing well. 
 
 Rose. Hor. 
 
 No Man can write corredly, unlefs he thinks juft- 
 ly ; the Way to think juftly, is to obferve the Errours 
 which others have fall'n into for want of due 
 Reflexion and rightly conlidering their Sub- 
 jed. 
 
 >5»'%3gg# 
 
 PART- 
 
( s ) 
 
 PART I. 
 
 Of Falfe Thoughts, and True 
 Thoughts; and in what the 
 ^Difference between them confijls. 
 
 Here Ufe does not prevail in the Manners 
 either of I'hmking or Speaking^ good Senfe 
 is to be the Rule, and that will prefently di- 
 rect us to diflinguifh between the Falfe and 
 the 'True in a Thought or Expreflion. 
 Truth is the firft Quality in I'binkiiJg ; 
 'tis the Foundation of all Thoughts. If this is wanting, 
 the fineft Thoughts become vicious, or rather thofe that 
 appear fine, but inEffeft are not fo 5 of which Kind are moft 
 ot the Thoughts in our Modern Tragedies, that have been 
 moft applauded, and procured them the greateft Currency, 
 but after a late Example of the vilefl Stuff that ever was 
 brought on a Stage, being foUow'd a whole Seafon 5 fuch 
 Currency may be more infamous than to be damn'd at 
 Sight. Thoughts are the Images of Things, as Words are 
 the Images of Thoughts ; and to Think or Speak in gene- 
 ral Terms, is to form in One's "Mind the Pifture of an Ob- 
 je6l either fpiritual or fenfible. Now all Pictures and I- 
 mages are no farther true than they are like. Thus a 
 Thought is true when it is a faithful Reprefentation of 
 Things, and falfe when it reprefents them otherwife than 
 they are in themfelves. 
 
 B 
 
 All 
 
6 The A ?v T S of 
 
 All ingenious Thoughts in all Writings of Hiftory, 
 Poetry, Eloquence, /houid refemble thofe ot that great O- 
 rator mentioned by Cicero , Sententice Craffi tarn mtegreey 
 tatn 'vera^tam 920v<(^ tarn fine j^igmentisj ucoqiie jyuerUi j fo 
 found, fo true, fo ntw, fo uncommon, and free from all that 
 falfe :^W//^;/r and Teiifel GJittering, which are alike frivo- 
 lous and puerile. True it is, that what appeals falfe may not 
 really be fo j what flrikes us moll in Epigrams and other 
 witty Pieces, turns generally on .Fidion, Point and Hyper- 
 bole, which are fo mai,y Falfehoods 5 but there is a great 
 deal of Dificrence between Falfehood and Fiflion ; The 
 one is an Imitation, and in fome wife the Perfection of Na- 
 ture 5 the other the Corruption and intire Deftruftion of it. 
 Indeed the fabulous or poetical World has nothing real in 
 it 5 'tis made up of mere Imagination : 'JParnajJm^ j^pollOy 
 the Miffes, and the Horfe 'Peg/^fns, are only agreeabler 
 Chimera's : But that Syitem being once allovy'd, all that 
 is feign'd within the Extent of the fameSyftcm, does not 
 pafs for F^lfe among the Learned, efpccially if it carries 
 with it Venfimil'n}\ and conceals fome Truth. Falfe- 
 hood is fometimcs the Beauty and Soul of a Thought 5 
 IBella falfitas^ flatifibjle mendacnira 5 ^ ob emn cavfain 
 graufftimim^ qiio.i exccgita77ms fokrier i<^ inge^iiofe. VavaflC 
 Lib. de Epig. 
 
 For Inftance; According to the Fable, the Flowers 
 fpring under the Feet of the Gods and Heroes : Which 
 perhaps teaches us that the Great, where-ever they come, 
 fhotold fcatter Abundance and Joy. The Springing of the 
 Flowers is a Fiftion, but the fcattering Abundance and 
 "*ey which is meant by it, is plaufible and probable. Such 
 is the Senfe of thefe Verfes of Racan upon Queen Mary 
 de Medicis. 
 
 Paflez, cheres brebis, jouillez de la joye 
 
 Que le ciel vous envoye : 
 A la fin fa clemence a pitie de nos pleurs ; 
 Allez dans la Campagne, allez, dans la prairie 5 
 
 K' epargnez point les Fleurs ; 
 II en revient aflez fous le pas de Marie. 
 
 Go my dear Flocks the ^leafiires pare^ 
 Which Heaven does for thefe 'Plains j^repare : 
 Her Pity's mcv^d at lafi, ajid no--jo. 
 Her 'BlejJingspeHlo7i you befiona : 
 GOf graze the Country roimd^ gojeed 
 
LoGiCK^;/^ Rhetorick, 7 
 
 ^t large y nor f^ are theflo-iv^ry Mead: 
 Feed on the Flowers^ and fear no rjcajle ; eno-ijo^ 
 When Mary ccmes^ beneath her Feet iv ill grew. 
 
 There is nothing (hocking in this Thought : If there 
 is Falfehood in it, 'tis a Falfehood that is eftablifhed, and 
 has the Air of Truth. Thus far ^tre Sotihov.rs. But as 
 there is no Falfehood in it, fo there's not mi ch Spirit nor 
 Imagination. When we read in Horner^ that the Goddef- 
 fes of Prayer are Cripples and deform 'd j we are taught by 
 it, that Prayer has of it fcJf fomething low in it, and that 
 when one prays, one dees not go fo rail: as when one com- 
 mands J which occafion'd the Saying, That Commands are 
 fhort, and Prayers long. It might be added, that the one 
 is proud and haughty, the other humble and creeping. \x\ 
 this Sentiment it was that Mr. JVeedcv, late of Lincolm- 
 JnVy had a Projeft for a Temple cf 'Prarfe to be erected in 
 that Square, where Hymns of Praife and Thankfgiving 
 fhould be only fung 5 he obferving, that we are always ta- 
 king too much Care of our felves in our daily Prayers, and 
 too rarely lift up our grateful Souls in Praifes to our hea- 
 venly Benefaftor, for the Mercies we are always bcffging 
 and receiving of him. As we are not fhockt at Hcr,ief% 
 making the Goddefles of Prayer Cripples, fo the Piftion, 
 that the Graces are fhort and little, does not difpleafe. It 
 teaches that little Things are moft charming 5 the Charm 
 often confifts in a Gate, in a Smile, in a negligent Air, or 
 fomething lefs than either of them. The fame may be 
 faid cf ail orher Fidions, which have any Wit. The fa* 
 bulous Syfiem takes off what there is of Falfehood in them, 
 and it is lawful, nay commendable in a Poet to be wittily 
 falfe in his Thought. But where the fabulous Syftem does 
 not fupport him. Truth fliould be the Rule cf Thinkirg^ 
 in Verfc as well as Profe. I do not by this intend to de- 
 prive Poetry of the Marvellotis, which diftinguiflies it from 
 the moft noble and fubiime Profe. I mean no more than 
 that the Poets fhould not def^roy the Effence ofThings,by 
 endeavouring to raife and embel ifli them. 
 
 I T often happens, that the moft noted and moft gkring 
 Thoughts in a Poem are the moft faife, as is before hinted. 
 To inftance the famous Verfe of Lucan. 
 
 Vi6trix caufa diis placuit, fed Vi<5ia Catoni. 
 'The Gods ixere per the Vidors^ but Cato for the 
 Vmquiphed. 
 
 B 4 Iif 
 
S The AKTS of 
 
 I N Mr. Rowers Tranflation of this Verfc the Spirit of 
 it is entirely evaporated. 
 
 ViElorioiis Cacfar by the Godi was cronim^d, 
 'The vanqtiiped 'Party ims by Cato ownd. 
 
 The Onmng by Cato is fo poor,that it naturally falls in- 
 to Burlcfque, and puts me in Mind of a Story o{ jfoe Hames 
 and Tora liiirfey. The Latter being very angry with a Per- 
 fon who had enter 'd a Room, and fat down in his Chair, 
 upon his leaving it a while, demanded again and again, 
 who 01X1^ d him ? Why, fays Joe Haines with his hoarfe 
 Voice, / oixn him ? As poor as this Tale is, one cannot 
 better reprefent the Poverty of Mr. Roive's Verfion of this 
 remarkable Verfe j which Srebeufha.s thus tranflated, very 
 flatly according to Mr. Waljh^ 
 
 Les Dieux fervent Caefar : mais Caton fuit Pomp(?e. 
 
 The Gods ajfified Cajfar : ^m Cato follo'vi^ed Pompey. 
 
 The Author of the Preface to liry den's Tranflation of 
 firgiPs Eclogues, fuppofed to be Mr. j^alp^rendcrs it thus; 
 
 Heaven meanly -with the Conqti'ror did comply 5 
 Slit C2X0 rather thanfiibmit ivotild die. 
 
 That meanly makes the matter worfe than it was before ; 
 one can have no Idea of Heaven's doing a mean Thing. Moft 
 Readers are of the Opinion of Father 'Bouhoiirs\ 'Philan- 
 thtis. That nothing can be more grand and more fine than 
 this Thought; whereas that learned Jefuit tells us, 'tis only 
 fine in Appearance, and that when we examine it to the 
 Bottom we fliall find it wants good Senfe. For it reprefents 
 the Gods efpoufing an unjuft Caufe, fuch as was C<ffar'Sf 
 who facrific'd his Country to his Ambition, and was endea- 
 vouring to fupprefs the Liberty of the Republick, which 
 *pompey endeavour'd to fupport : Now, according to good 
 Senfe, the Gods cannot approve of the Injuftice of an U- 
 furper, who breaks throu^^h all Laws Divine and Human, 
 to malce himfelf Mafter ot the World 5 and a right Under- 
 derftanding would have let the Gods alone on this Occafion. 
 Befides, Cato was an honeft Man, as the Poet himfelf has 
 painted him ; and there is no Senfe in his fetting him againft 
 the Gods, and making him engag'd in an Intereft oppofite 
 to theirs ; 'tis to deftroy his Charaftcr, and to rob him of 
 his Virtue. For if we believe Sahtfl^ it was a Part of the 
 JigOian Probity to bear AfieiSion to the immortal Gods 5 
 *.: T and 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. 9 
 
 and they did not begin to neglefl them at Rome^ 'till their 
 Manners began to be corrupted. Avaritia fidem^ probi- 
 tatem^ c<eterafqtie j^nes boiias fubvertit. ^Pro Im ^uper- 
 biam^ crudelitatem^ 'Deos negligere edomit, 'Bell. Cat. It 
 was iHillefs reafonable to rail'e Cato above the Gods, in 
 Honour of Pompey's Party j yet that is what Liican 
 means by it. 
 
 Sed Vi6^a Catoni. 
 
 'But Cato followed Pompey. 
 
 The But there is a Mark of Diftinftion and Prefe- 
 rence. The whole Strefs of the Expreffion lies on that 
 Sed^ But j 'tis fo obvious, that I wonder Mr. Ko-x fhou'd 
 take no Notice of it. Ltican is entirely loft in his Tranfla- 
 tion. Cato^ 'tis true, was, in the Opinion of the Ko- 
 mans^ the living Image of Virtue, and in every Thing 
 more like to the Gods than to Men. It is allow'd He was a 
 divine Man j but ftill he was a Man j and Lucan^ tho' a 
 Poet and a Pagan, cou'd not give him the Advantage of 
 the Gods without giving Offence to the Religion he pro- 
 fefs'd. Thus it is, that this Thought of his is both talfe 
 and impious. Mr, V/cafio thinks of it like BouJ.mirs. It 
 is an U72pardonable Trejiimption in a7iy Sort of Religion to 
 complement their Princes at the expence of their Deities. 
 ^nef. lb. and Lord Lavfdoixm paffes the fame Judgement. 
 
 'j'he Gods permitting T'raitors to fitcceed^ 
 Become not 'parties in an impious 'Deed 5 
 And by the Tyrant's Murder -u-e may fmd^ 
 That Cato and the Gods laere oj a Mifid. 
 
 A veryjuft and noble Thought, worthy the Dignity of the 
 noble Author, and it :s Pity that any Part of his Character 
 fhou'd not be equal to it. 
 
 There are fome Criticks, who to excufe Ltican^ 
 explain the Verfe^ thus ; It pleas'd the Gods, that the 
 wicked Party fhou'd prevail over the Good 3 tho' Cato 
 defir'd the contrary. Good Men every Day pray for the 
 Succefs of thofe that refemble them, and tor the Profpe- 
 rity of a juft Caufe 5 but their Prayers are not always 
 heard, and Providence fometimes orders Things other- 
 wife. 
 
 The Gods declar'd themfelves for Ctffar, by the Suc- 
 cefs of the War, tho' 'pompey^s Party was the more Juft, 
 and Cato fided with him. The But in the Verfe, per- 
 haps, 
 
lo The ART S of 
 
 haps, fignifics only T'lm/gb, and does not injure the Gods, 
 whofe Defigns are impenetrable. 
 
 I N anfwer to this, it is faid, If there was nothing 
 more in the Thought of Liican^ 'twould be no great Mat- 
 ter. There wou'd be no need of clamouring at it. But 
 thofe who admire this Verfe, do not fo interpret it. A 
 Critick on 'Brebetif's Tranflation of it, objeds againft him. 
 That the Exprcffion in French docs not come up to the ori- 
 ginal Latin. Lticaus Soul was fo polTefs'd with the Me- 
 rit of Cato^ that he raifes him above the Gods, in making 
 him the Defender of the jufteft Caufe, and in placing the 
 Deities on the wrong Side. Srebeuf turns this noble I- 
 mage of raifing Caro above the Gods into the mean one of 
 his ferving 'T^ompey ; and it is moft certain, that not only 
 the French Critick upon Srebeuj's Verfion, but almoft all 
 that ever read this Verfe of Ltican, did fo underttand it, 
 and in this Senfe only admire and extol it. But, per- 
 haps, there is not that Impiety in Ltican's Thought, 
 which the French Critick charges it with. 
 
 The Pagan Poets had their Gods of the Fahle^ as 
 well as we Chriftians. Nay, the Fabulous Deines, the 
 jftipiter^ Mars, Nejmme, Venus, 'Belloyia, Sec. were as 
 much Fiftion to the wifer Heathens, as they are to us. 
 ^fiipiter and Furofa^ Mars and Venus, Neptune and. 
 '{philyra, Apollo and Daphne, 'Fluto and 'Profirpine 5 
 Are thefe the Deities whom Ltican ought not to have 
 offended , out of Complacency to Caio ? The fickle 
 Goddefs Fortune, who had ev'ry where her Temples, was 
 on the Side of C(e[ar 5 and what more is there meant by it, 
 than that C<£^ar had Fortune on his Side ; but T'ofnpey had 
 Cato, and with him jfuftice ? Homer brings in the Deities 
 fighting, fomeon one Side, fomeon another, as their Paf- 
 fions directed them. Are thefe the Gods, the Poets fliou'd 
 not be free with ? And is not the Vertue of Cato fuperi- 
 our to a Hoft of fuch vicious Deities ? 
 
 The 'Tater Omnipotens, the Creator and Preferver of 
 the World, whom Vh'gil calls, 
 
 *ithe To-wer immenfe, tF eternal Energy, 
 
 *The King of Gods ajid, Men, 'xho roiils, 
 
 'The radiant Stars, ajid Heaven and Earth controiiU. 
 
 Dr Y n. 
 
 is not to be underftood in Lucaji's SDiis, not the God who 
 by his Providence governs the whole Creation 3 and to op-: 
 
 pofe 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. ir 
 
 pofe whom is the Height of Impiety. The wifer Hea- 
 thens, Socrates^ 1>kto^ Cicero^ C<c. ador'd no other God 
 but this ^ater Ommpctens j and the Poets being the very 
 Makers of the Heathen Deities, it cou'd be no Impiety in 
 them, to do what they pleas'd with what they had made 
 themfelves. 
 
 Father Soiibours very juftly condemns a Saying in 
 j^rioJiOy of one of his Heroes 5 which indeed, is very 
 nearJy related to the Hibernia-a't\gnxe^ call'd a Still: 
 
 U pover' huomo che non fen' era accorto. 
 
 Andava combattendo, & era morto. 
 
 l<[o{ knoiving he u-as ktU\i^ he Jlill fotight on. 
 
 Of the fame Kind is what J'ajfo fays of Jrgantes: 
 
 Minacciava morendo, e non Languia. 
 
 He threatened as he dy'd^ and did not langtiip, 
 
 Fairfax has not given us ^aJ[o in this Paflage ; 
 
 Argantes dfd^ hut no Complaint he made^ 
 Slit as he furious liv'd^ he carelefs dy'd. 
 Minacciava morendo, 
 He threatened as he dfd. 
 
 Fairfax 5 he made no Com;plaint ; he dfd carelefs^ is all 
 you have in his Tranflation. A iierce robuft Saracen, fays 
 \Pere Scuhours^ being mortally wounded, may menace his 
 Enemy whenhe is dying 5 but not tolofe his Strength, and 
 not to languifli under Death, is to exempt ^rga7ites^mva. 
 the Law of Nature, and to deflroy the Man in order to 
 raife the Heroe. His Menaces are agreeable to his Cha- 
 ra<5ter. 
 
 Superbi, formidabili, feroci 
 
 Gli ultimi moti fur, 1' ultime vcci. 
 
 Sold^ froud^ difdainful^ fierce^ and void of Fear, 
 His Motions lajf^ lajl Looks^ and Speeches were. 
 
 F A I R F. 
 
 A s the Verfe of Ltican has been fb much prais'd fo'^ 
 its Dignity ; fo hath this Verfe of I'ajfo^ as a bright In- 
 ftance of Heroick Courage. The Heroe dies without the 
 leaft Weaknefs. Heroes may have Refolution and Con- 
 ftancy at the laft Gafp, but they can't lofc all the Elood 
 in their Veins, without being weaken'd by it, without 
 languiihing. Montague's Cannibal after he is taken Prifo- 
 
 nerj 
 
1% T/je AKTS of 
 
 ner, defies his Enemies in Chains, rails at them, fpitsin 
 their Faces, and 'tis all very natural in a fierce refolute 
 Barbarian. Nay, if fuch a one in the Midft of Tor- 
 ments, had not the Power of Speech, and yet fliould 
 make Mouths at his Tormentors, it would not be out of 
 Nature j as it is to fay he dy'd of his Wounds, and was 
 not the weaker for ir. Lord Lapfdown has an Eye to this 
 PafTage of Momagjie^ and 'Pere Souhctirs's Remark upon 
 it, in his Poem on unnatural Flights m 'Poetry^ 
 
 I'he captive Cannibal^ opprefs^d 'with Chains^ 
 Tet braves his Foe, reviles, provokes, difdains : 
 Of Natttre fierce, tmtameable and fro'ud^ 
 He bids defiance to the gaping Croud. 
 
 Jlndfpent at laft, and Jpeechlefs as he lies. 
 With fiery Glaiices mocks their Rage and dies. 
 'This IS the mmofi Stretch that Nature can. 
 And all beyond is fuljome, jalfe, and vain. 
 
 Admirable Lines, and worth all in fome rhiming Eflays 
 on Criticifm. 
 
 I T is objefled, That fuch Nicenefs, as to the Truth of 
 Thought, will deprive Poets of fome of the moft a- 
 greeabie Parts of Poetry, which Macrobitis terms Cavilla- 
 tio'iies, and Seneca calls Vafira ^ Ltidicr<e Conclufiones ; 
 rhe Italians term them Vivozzc d' Ingfgno, and the Spa- 
 rAards, Jgudezas. jlriftotle reduces the Art of ingenious 
 Thinking to Metaphor, which is a Sort of Deceit or Falfe- 
 hood J and Count Tefaiiro an Italian Critick in his Can- 
 nocbiale Arifiotelico lays. That according to the Princi- 
 ples of that Philofopher, the moft fubtle and the moft 
 exquifite Thoughts are only figurative Enthymemes, or 
 imperfect Syllogisms, which equally pleafe and impofe 
 upon the Underttanding. This puts the Makers of Points 
 and Puns very much in Countenance, and gives the S'voa.ns 
 and the 'Purcels a Place among the Etheridge's and 
 Wycberley's. We muft therefore explain after Pere 
 SotihctirSy in what Senfe Arijiotle and fefaiirc, are to be 
 taken. 
 
 Figure in Speech is not Falfehood 5 and Metaphor 
 
 has its Truth as well as itsFifl-ion, as Ar'iftotle teaches in 
 
 his Rhetorick. When Hewer fays 5 Achilles goes like a 
 
 Lion, 'tis a Comparifon ; but when he fays 
 
 O/Meta- of the fame Heroc, 1'he Lion darted him- 
 
 phors. felf:, 'tis a Metaphor. Achilles in the Com- 
 
 parifoiii 
 
LoGicK and Rhetoric k. 13 
 
 farifon^ refembles a Lyon ; In the Metaphor ^ he is a Lyon» 
 The Metaphor you fee is livelier and Ihorter than the 
 Comparifon. The former reprefents but one Objeft, the 
 latter fhews us two. The Metaphor^ if I may fo fay, 
 confounds the Lyon with AchilkSy or Achilles with the 
 Lyon 5 but there is no more Falfehood in the one than 
 in the other. Thefe metaphorical Idea's deceive no Bo- 
 dy. A very little Underftanding will teach us what they fig- 
 nifie, and a Man muft be extremely dull to take fuch 
 Things according to the Letter. Is there any one fo ftu- 
 pid, as to fuppofe Homer\ Achilles was really a Lycn^ 
 and not a Man who had the Strength, Fiercenefs and 
 Courage, which are the Properties of a Lyon ? When Voi^ 
 tiire fays of Gttfiavns AdolphuSy heboid the Lyon of the 
 North j who does not difcover thro' this foreign Image, a 
 Monarch that by his Valour and his Power made all the 
 North to tremble ? Metaphors are like tranfparent Vails, 
 which expofe what they cover. Equivocal Expreffions may 
 be fometimes not only fuflferable, but bcautifulj efpecially 
 when they do not delcend fo low as punning. 'JPims are 
 every where falfe Wit, and cannot be otherwifej the Wit 
 confining in the Sound, and not in the Senfe , but equi- 
 vocal Expreffions may be true in the Senfe, tho' in the 
 Letter they are falfe : As this Poem of Vcitiire^ a Petition 
 to Cardinal Mazarine for his Coach-man, who had over- 
 turn'd him : 
 
 Prelat paflant tous les Prelats paflez, 
 
 Car le prefens feroit un peu trop dire, 
 
 Pour Dieu rendez les pechez effacez 
 
 De ce Cocher qui vous fceut mal conduire : 
 
 S' il fut peu caut a fon chemin elire, 
 
 Voflre Renom le rendit temeraire. 
 
 Car chacun dit, que quoy que vous faffiez 
 
 En Guerre, en Paix, en Voyage, en Affaire, 
 
 Vous vous trouvez toujours deffus vos pieds, 
 
 Prelate, fiirpajjing allpafi Trelates^ 
 I'd [ay the prefent^ iioere too mttch^ 
 Forgive the Trefpafs cf the Coach-man^ 
 Who guided y ail fo fcurvily ; 
 ^00 little camions of his Way, 
 And by your Glory made too bold: 
 For he a hundred L'imes had heard 
 Whatever yoii do, in War, in ^eace^ 
 
 In 
 
14 The AKTS of 
 
 In Joiirnm, Voyages^ Jfairs^ 
 Toil' re akvays found upciiyoiLr Feet. 
 
 He cou'd not well be upon his Feet, if his Coach ovcr- 
 turn'd, but he cou'd very well be fuppos'd to be as much 
 out of danger of overturning in his Travels, as of mifcar- 
 rying elfewhere. 'Bonhmn inferts another Petition to the 
 Cardinal on the fame Subjecl : 
 
 Plaife, Seigneur, plaife a voflre Eminence 
 
 taire la paix de Tafflige Cocher, 
 
 Qui par Malheur, ou bien par Imprudence, 
 
 Deil'ous les Rots vous a fait trebucher. 
 
 On ne luy doit ce crime reprocher : 
 
 Le trop hardi mcneur ne fcavoit pas 
 
 De Phaeton 1' Hittoire Sc piteux Cas: 
 
 ri ne lifoit metamorphofe ancune : 
 
 Et ne croyoit qu' on deuit craindre aucun pas 
 
 Bn conduifant Cefar & fa Fortune. 
 
 'Pardon^ may '/ please your Eminence^ 
 ^hi' cjjiiBed Coach-nian's high Offence^ 
 Whether it by Misfortune came^ 
 Or by Imprudence^ 'tis the fame : 
 Into the tDitchyonjell^ that's plain ^ 
 And 710--JO you're fairly out again. 
 TGUjboul.4 not tl:e poor Man reproach^ 
 With the "Dfafter of his Coach. • 
 IZoo vent'roui Driver^ he ne'er heard^ 
 How -with young Phaeton it far'd^ 
 How vilely he in Coach-box fped^ 
 2for MetaraorpJjofis e'er read. 
 He cou'd not think of turnuig o'er^ 
 Who Cxfar and his Fortune bcre. 
 
 You fee here, tho' the Coach-man had nor read th« 
 Metaimrphofes^ he was pretty well vers'd in the Roman 
 Hijlory^ and acquainted with that Saying of Julius Ctffar 
 to the Pilot in a Storm 5 Fear not Friend^ thou carriefi 
 Ca:far and his Fortune. Pint. Life Cxf. Thus the 
 Thought is not probable in a Coach-man, and confequent- 
 ly not True. 
 
 Truth is always true, tho' it be mix'd with Falfe- 
 hood. A good Guinea is not the worfe for being in the 
 fame Purfe with a bad one. There's but one owing to 
 
 youj' 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. i^ 
 
 you 5 two are offer'd, a good and a bad, choofe which 
 you will of them, and we fliall find out how you know 
 Money by the Choice you make. You will alfo have the 
 Pleafure of putting your Difcernmenc to the Proof, and dif- 
 covering the Juftnels of it. 
 
 EQ.UIVOCAL Expreflions, fuch as thofe of Voiuire 
 to Cardinal Mazarine^ are the Wantonnefs of Wit. Truth 
 and Falfehood are join'd together ; and what's moft re- 
 markable in it, the Falfe condufts to the True. In 
 reading 
 
 ToiCre akjcays found nponyoiir Feet. 
 
 J conceive two Things, as is faid before ; the one Falfe, 
 that his Feet never fail him 5 the other True, that his 
 Mind and his Fortune are always the fame. The former 
 leads you immediately to the latter, and the Turn is as 
 agreeable as it is quick. Thefe Turns are fuiferable, and 
 even entertaining in Epigrams, Madrigalls, Sonnets and 
 the like. Mr. Waller is full of them. 
 
 The Titlttre of fair Venus, tJjat^ 
 For "jchicb Men fay the Goddefs far, 
 JVas loji till Lely frora your jLccky 
 j^gain that gkrioiis Image took. 
 
 According to the Fable which is Poetical Truth,. Lely 
 did not draw the Pi(f^ure of Vejiiis in the Lady's, but he 
 drew Beauty it felf, which is the Truth intended by the 
 ""ocr. 
 
 T) 
 
 I'hiis the fair Tyrant celebrates the 'Prize^ 
 j^7d a5fs her felf the Triumfh of her Fyes. 
 So Nero O'nce, ivith Harp in Hand^ fiirijefd 
 His flaming Rome, and as it bzmit, he flay\i. 
 
 The Lady Jfabella's Lovers were not all flaming 
 about her, as the Blaze of Ro7ne was about Nero ; but 
 her Mufick fo charm 'd them, that it kindled a Flame iii 
 ev'ry Breaft, and the more fhe faw it pleas'd, the greater 
 was her Pleafure. Such equivocal Expreffions, that have 
 in them both the True and the Falfe, are no Excufe for 
 fuch as have the Falfe, without the True. They are in- 
 fipid, and not to be born by Men of good Tafle. St. u4- 
 mand's Epigrams on the burning of the 'FaiaiSy or Court 
 ®f Juftice at 'PariSy is of this Kind : 
 
 ? Certes 
 
i5 TZ'^ ARTS of 
 
 Certes 1' on vit un trifte jeu : 
 Quand a ^aris Dame Juftice, 
 Se mit le Calais tout en feu,i 
 Pour avoir maagez trop d* Epicd 
 
 ^ fad Sight furCy it needs muji be^ 
 ^ame Juftice all a- Fire to fee ^ 
 And "jobence did fo much Mifchief rife^ 
 ^isfaidp' had eaten too much Spice. 
 
 Thefe four Verfes had their Day in France^ and do not 
 fiiJl want Admirers there, who take 'em to be very pretty 
 and happily turn'd 5 whereas nothing can be more frivo- 
 lous and fantaftical. They are fo many empty Words on- 
 ly, and the Thought is Falfehood itfcif For v/hat they 
 caird Sptce^ among the Lawyers, has no Manner of Re- 
 lation to Burning. A Man's Mouth may be a-Fire, that 
 has eaten too much Pepper 5 but what has that to do 
 with the firing of an Affize-Hall, fuch as the Calais at 
 ^aris^ where Juftice isdifperfed, and perhaps fold too, as 
 well as in other Places ? The following Epigram, out of 
 the fame Author St. Jlinand^ is of the equivocal Kind^ 
 and no better than a Pun : 
 
 Cy gift un fou nommfe Pafquet, 
 
 Qui mourut d' un coup de Moufquet, 
 
 Lors qu' il voulut lever la Crefte. 
 
 Quantamoy je croy que le Sort, 
 
 liUy mit du plomb dedans la Tcfte» 
 
 Pour le render fage en fa mort. 
 
 Here Pafquet, a mad Felloiv^ lies at Reft^ 
 Shot dead^ as he w.u lifting up his Creft ; 
 FatCy I believe y the Aluf'jtiet Sail did fend^ 
 To give his 'Brain fo7ne Weight before his End. ■ 
 
 Such StuflT as this is fit for Mimicks, Buffoons and 
 Punfters, Thefe vile Thoughts, are like the falfe Jewels 
 worn by Aftors and Mafqueraders. A kind of counter- 
 feit Money, which does no hurt in Trade, if you pafs if a- 
 way for no more than 'tis worth 5 but thofe that put it off 
 for Sterling^ wou'd cither cheat you, or are cheated thcm- 
 felves : They do not know 'tis Falfe, or believing you do 
 not know it, wou'd palm it upon you for True. I never 
 met with any Thing more burlcfque than the following 
 Verfes on Coivley\ written by Dr. Sprat late Bifhop of 
 Rccheftert who had iludy'd our Language, and made 
 z him- 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. 17 
 
 Tiimfelf Mafter of it ; yet that does not hinder his 
 Thought's participating of the Falsehood 'Pere Soi/boiirs 
 complains of. He is fpeaking of the Fire in Cozfkys 
 Genius, 
 
 , jfiiji fiicb a Fire as ib'ine^ 
 
 Of fetch an tmmix'd glorious Sbifie^ 
 If'as Prometheus'; Flamc^ 
 
 Which from no lefs than Heaven came. 
 Along he brought thefparkling Coal^ 
 From fome Cteleflial Chimney ftole j 
 ^lickly the _pliinder\l Stars he left. 
 
 And as he hajleji'd doiscn. 
 With the robb'd Flames his Hands fiillfhofie, 
 Andfeem'd as if they iz'ere burnt for the T'heft, 
 
 He has here cram'd the Stars into a Chimney Hke fo 
 many Cinders, and turn'd the astherial Fire, which is the 
 Soul of the Creation, into a Hangman's burning Iron 5 a 
 Sort of Wit which is in no danger of prevailing in fo 
 knowing an Age as this, 
 
 I N all Equivocals, if there's any Wit at all, 'tis but 
 very little, and cofts but little to come at. The Arabigui- 
 ty^ which is the Eflence of Punning, is rather a Defeft 
 than an Ornament of Difcourfe, and never more infipid 
 than when the 'Punfter feems to value himfelf upon ir, 
 Mr. Addifm^ who thought and exprefs'd himfelf as juftly 
 as any Modern Author, and perphaps as any Antient, 
 cou'd not help declaring, that if a Pun came in a propos 
 in Converfation, and the Punfter did not feem to have 
 ftudy'd it, or to think himfelf honour'd by it, he cou'd 
 fometimes excufe if. But I have obferv'd, that the Pun- 
 fters have a Run of Converfation fuited exa6lly to their 
 Puns. They lay Traps for them, as Mrs. 'Barry faid Mr. 
 'R.O'^xe did for Claps in his Tragedies : A little Rant and 
 Rhime at an Eicit never fail'd. What a 
 little Thing a Pun is, appears by the mean Of Puns, 
 Air it gives the fineft Writer. IJrydsn fpeak- 
 ing of King Charles H. fay's. 
 
 After a Prince an Admiral beget, 
 
 'The Royal Sovereign w^«/'^ ctn Anchor yet, 
 
 T H E Equivocals here come upon you fo faft, and are 
 ali fo mean, that they give you Pain inftead of Pleafure. 
 
 C The 
 
i8 The ARTS of 
 
 The ^H}!Jler will divert the Company with one Ambigui- 
 ty atter another tor three or four Hours together 5 their 
 Hearers all the While not knowing what they wou'd be at> 
 nor what themfelves laugh at. The molt noted Man, 
 in this Way, in our Time, was Tianiel 'JPtircel^ Brother to 
 Henry. Sunv^ mention'd by "Dryden^ as one of the chief 
 Knights of this Order, challeng'd Tnrcel^ but was out- 
 pun'd by him in lefs .than two Hours. He wou'd firing 
 a hundred Words together on a Line, every one of 'em 
 meaning two Things, and the Auditory feldom fail'd of 
 being tranfported with that Confufion of Ambiguities. 
 1 have heard a Gentleman fay on this Occafion, that a 
 Ma?! -li/jo •liill IP//;?, "li-iU pick a 'Pockety and the Saying is 
 not fo much out of the Way as fome People imagine it 5 
 ^ere'BiiilMin comparing thefe Eqiiivocah and Ambigui- 
 ties to falfe Money and falfe Jewels, to put oiF which is 
 as great a Crime, as to pick a Pocket. The French Cri- 
 tick rightly obferves, that they are not alwavs very in- 
 telligible, but the Samenefsof the Sound, tho' the Senfc 
 is different, tickles the Ears of the Ignorant, and they eafi- 
 ly miftake it for Wit. The Trouble that one has fometimes 
 to find out the Meaning of the Ambiguity is but ill re- 
 compens'd by the Difcovery. We are vex'd with our- 
 felves, for the Pain it colls us. We fancy we are impos'd 
 upon, and conceive a Sort of Indignation at our feeking for 
 Something, and finding Nothing. 
 
 I N the Giicirdian there is a Pun, which I believe every 
 one will excufe, tho' the Author doubles upon us, on ac- 
 count of the fictitious Perfon Nejlor Irovfide^ who fays 
 N°. ic^.I have been [opluvg'd in iVater, ajid imifd to the 
 Cold^ that J regard my [elf as a Piece cf true temper' d 
 Steel, and can fay ivith the above-7nention\i Scythian, 
 that I am Face, or ij my Enemies pleafe Forehead all ever. 
 The laft Turn cannot be True, without a ftrong Meta- 
 phor, and the metaphorical Truth in it is fbften*d by, if 
 my Enemies pleafe. Confidering that the "Tatlers^ Guar- 
 dians^ and Sfe&atOYS, have their Share of p7ins,\t is a 
 little ftrange, that the latter N^. 279 fliould fall foul up- 
 on Miltcn for 2. f ring cf Ttins, where the Devils are de- 
 fcrib'd rallying the Angels upon the Succefs of their new 
 invented Artillery. Milton^ 'tis plain, thought he cou'd 
 not make worfe Devils of them, than by making them 
 'Ptmfters 5 and I do not think, but that Epick Poetry, 
 may as well admit of a Pun in the Mouth of the Devil, 
 
 as 
 
LOGICK <?«^ RhETO R ICK. I^ 
 
 as the greateft Painters give him a Pair of Horns and a 
 Tail in fuch awful Pieces as the Refiirre6lio7ty and the 
 I'^fl judgement. Father 'Boiihoiin allows, that when a 
 Thing is pleafantly faid in Drollery or Raillery, there is 
 not fuch Stridnefs of Truth required j and that the Devils 
 were in a merry Mood, Milton himfelf told us, 
 
 'Thus they among Themjelves^ in flea^ant Vein^ 
 Stood Scoffing. 
 
 I know very well how extreamly delicate our two Univer- 
 fities are as to the Perfection of that Education. I have 
 heard every Academy in Europe turn'd into Ridicule, 
 to raife the Charafter of our own Nurferies, and therefore 
 I will not prefume to fay any Thing of them my fejf. If 
 they will give me Leave to think, I defire no more. But 
 the Speftator brings in a downright Charge againft the 
 Wits on the Bank of the Caniy for dealing too much in 
 thefe Equivocals^ and my Lord Shaftsbiiry in his Cha~ 
 ra5ferijlicki\ charges both Univerfities with it. He is re- 
 joycing in the Difgrace that Pun and Quibble are fall'n 
 into, " There are only fome few Footfteps of it in the 
 " Country, and it feems at laft confin'd to the Nurferies 
 " of Youth, as the chief Entertainment of ^Pedants and 
 " their Pupils." I have a MSS by me in which the Au- 
 thor has touch'd a little upon the Punfters, as will appear 
 by his Verfes. 
 
 Hence ! all Eqtiivocals^ 'where Senfe is dro--iV7z*d, 
 
 And all the Merit's in the doiibtftU Sound, 
 
 The Pun offends the reafonable Man^ 
 
 Aid filch -zve did not Purcel deetn or Swan. 
 
 Whole Hours F-ve heard ''em cracking Puns like Squibs^ 
 
 And laughing till they'*'ve almoft crack'd their Ribs, 
 
 Silt ivhen yott heard ^em long it gave you (Pai72, 
 
 And falfe Tielight ivas ttmi^d to true T>ifdain. 
 
 The Punfter has a Mark for ev'ry Twi^ 
 
 Norpoots at Rando?^^ like Militia Gtm. 
 
 Obferve ho-zv craftily he lays his Traps, 
 
 As Rowe his rhiming Exits laid for Claps, 
 
 Affcon as he his Chwtes begins to ring. 
 
 He runs you o'er a long fucceffive String. 
 
 Sut -ivhen to Reafon you the Sot invite ^ 
 
 He Tamis — And his next Word is then Good Night, 
 
 C % E'en 
 
10 The ARTS of 
 
 iL'en let him go Til 'xarrant ymi take Cars 
 
 Ho'w you again to "Pimfter k-nd your Ear. 
 
 Jn JVantojinefs of Mirth a Pun, perhaps. 
 
 Without Tiefign, a Man of Senfe efcapes. 
 
 Toti'U never fee him for a T.av.gh prepare^ 
 
 As if he had been fay iv% foim thing rare: 
 
 He's heedkfs of th" EfeEf, but calls not bad^ 
 
 What helps to 'rnake the Converfation glad. 
 
 Th' abandoned 'Pun(ier, and the ftudfd Tun, 
 
 Are naufeous T'hings, ivhich Men of Wit ■ivilljhim,' 
 
 Tet, e'en fror/2 fnch, a T'un by Chance may drop. 
 
 And he it'ho's then offended, is a Fop. 
 
 Fortune fortun'd the Fate of Rome, 'was vile, 
 
 Tetjltidfd by the Trince of Roman Stile. 
 
 What other "Plea for Tully can you find, 
 
 Than Error, 'which is Nature in Mankind ? 
 
 The ivifejl Monarch *, that e'er filled a Throne, 
 
 Since Pharaoh'j 'Daughter ruVd King Solomon % 
 
 Jf Collier 'i Word, or Echard'j, you "xi II take. 
 
 Oft made the B'\{ho^ for the PunfterV fake. 
 
 Sut that wife King upon his Throne did fit. 
 
 As politician fage, and not a Wit : 
 
 And Tun and Tcli ticks, you mufl alloiv, 
 
 tDid in all Times agree, as ifell as now. 
 
 The Reverejtd Prelate f, who St. Swithin'i Chair 
 
 Si> fairly fiWd^ wciCd Pun ye out a Pray'r. 
 
 At Vifitation he'd infiruB his Sons, 
 
 Jn Sermons made oj nothmg elfe but Puns. 
 
 The Court itfelffo tickled ivith his Chimes, 
 
 They caWd him the beft Preacher of his Times, 
 
 Stit coiCdyou hear grave South, without a Grin.^ 
 
 Cry, Death the Wages, who can live by Sin ? 
 
 Tet Vve wijh'd often of a Levi'i Son^ 
 
 Rather than be fo dull, that he wou'd Pun. 
 
 Tunning to Dulnefs is to be prefefd. 
 
 As Mirth to Moping, or as drains to Seard. 
 
 One has 'ho Senfe, the other is too f ant, 
 
 Tyulnefs is Deprivation, Punning wwit. 
 
 * James I. f Andrews BiJho(>of\yinchci\.ci: 
 
 To return to PereSouhours. All Equi vocals are not alike 
 faulty, but all Equivocals that are meerly fuch, that turn 
 only on the Samenefs of the Sound, and have no Senfe in 
 them, are infufiferable to Men of agoodTafte. AH Fi- 
 gures 
 
LoGicK ^^//^ Rhetor icK. 21 
 
 ji'ures that contain a double Meaning, have each in their 
 kind thofe Beauties and Graces which fet a Value upon 
 them, tho' they are not without fomething cquivual. 
 One Inftance will fuffice to give a Conception of what I 
 mean. Martial to Domitlan^ 
 
 Vox diverfa fonat, Populorum vox tamen una, 
 Cum verus Patria: diceris efle Pater. 
 
 Ai different ai your Subje6i'i tongues may be, 
 Jn one \thing thro' your Empire they agree. 
 One only 'To?7giie is ns'd among thera all^ 
 Tou, Father of your Country, -ivhen they call. 
 The Senfe is here double and makes an Antithefis^e'^fe 
 different longues^ and ufe one only 'J'origtie. They are 
 both True, according to what they are intended for, and 
 the one does not deflroy the other, as in the Ambiguity of 
 a Pun 5 on the contrary, they agree verj' well together, and 
 from the Union of this dduble Senfe, there refults 
 a certain Ingenuity founded on the equivocal Word Vox 
 in Latin, and Tongue in Englifh. Add to this, that there 
 are feveral Epigrams, and Abundance of witty Repartees, 
 that wou'd not ftrike us without this double Senfe, and 
 thefe are properly the Thoughts which Macrobitis terms 
 Cavillationes, pleafant Sophifms 5 and Seiieca, Vafr^ ^ 
 Itidicne ConclufiO',iei, fly and ludicrous Inferences or Con- 
 clufions 5 and it cannot be deny'd, that Trv;th in Thinking 
 is not incompatible with the Equivocal in ingenious Dif- 
 courfes. 
 
 A s to the Hyperbole, the very Word de- 
 termines the Thing. Whatever is exceffive. Hyperbole. 
 is vicious ; even Virtue carry'd to Extreams, 
 and not keeping within Bounds, ceafes to be Virtue. All 
 Thoughts which turn upon the Hyperbole, are faife of 
 themfelves, and deferve no Place in a reafonable Work ; 
 unlefs the Hyperbole is of a particular Kind, or the Excefs 
 of it is temper 'd with forae foftning Exprefllons, Ultra, Fi- 
 dem, non ultra Modura, fays ^mitilian, "Beyond Faith, 
 but not beyond Meafnre. For there are fome Hyperboles, 
 which are not fo bold as others, which keep within 
 Bounds, tho' above common Belief 5 fome of them are na- 
 turaliz'd by Ufe, and are fo well eftablifli'd, that there's 
 nothing fliocking in them. Hcmeri^)'s, is^fr^-^ is Beauty 
 itfelfj and Martial, th^t Zoilus is not vicious, but Vice 
 it felf: 
 
 C 3 Mentitur 
 
^^ The ARTS of 
 
 Mentitur qui te vitiofum, Zoik^ dixit : 
 
 Kon vitiofus Homo es, Zw7e, fed Vitium. 
 
 Who calls thee vitioiis^ is a lying Elfy 
 '\tkoii art not vicious^ thou art Vice itfelf. 
 
 This Verfe was happily tum'd lately on Account of one 
 Dr. Zachary Grey, who wrote a Book full of Falfehoods, 
 to charge an innocent Man with as many : 
 
 Non vitiofus JIo?r/o cs, Zachary^ fed vitium. 
 
 On the contrar}', when you fpeak of an honeft Man, we 
 often fay, He^i Honefty itfelf , we alfo fay, as the Greeks 
 and Latins do, She''s -idoiter than Snonai 5 He flies fajier 
 than the Wind. Thefe Hyperboles lye without deceiving : 
 Monere fat is eft mcntiri Hyfcrbolen^ nee it a ut mendacio 
 fallerepfft 5 ^intilian^ Lib. viii. c. 6. and Se7ieca tells 
 us, they, by Fable, bring the Mind to the Truth, /;; hoc 
 Hyperbole extenditur, ut ad -verura Mendacio veniat. 'De 
 Sen. They give us a Conception of what they fignifie, 
 by exprefling it in a manner which feems to render it in- 
 credible. Lord Lanfdo\vn, in his Poem on unnatural 
 Flights in Poetry, explains this very well : 
 
 ^he Reader 'xhat in Reafon's due believes. 
 Nor can 'xe call thatfalfe, -zvhich not deceives. 
 Hyperboles fo dari??g, afid fo bold, 
 'Difdaining 'Bounds, are yet by Rules controul\i. 
 Above the Clouds , but yet ixithin our Sight, 
 T'hey mount -zvith Truth, and make a towering Flight. 
 (Prefenring L'hings imfoffible to Vieix, 
 T'hey ivander thro* Incredible to 'True. 
 Falfehoods thus mix'd like Metals are refined, 
 jind Truth like Silver leaves a iDrofs behind. 
 
 Those Hyperboles, which are prepar'd and rais'd by 
 Degrees, do not fct the Reader's Mind againfi them. 
 They gain Belief, fome how or other, as we are told by 
 Hennogeues, and what they offer, which is mofl: talfe, 
 becomes at leaft probable. We have a noted Example of 
 it in Homer. He docs not fay, all at once, that 'Polyphe- 
 mus tore up the Top of the Mountain 5 that wou'd have 
 dertroy'd all Faith immediately : He difpofes the Mind of 
 the Reader by his Defcription of the Cyclops, whom he 
 makes to be of an enormous Size, and bis Strength equal 
 
 to 
 
LoGicK <^»^ Rhetorick. 2,3 
 
 to his Bulk : His Club is the Trunk of a huge Tree, and 
 inftead of a Stone at his Gate, he has a Rock : he eats 
 as much as Fifty Men at a Meal : In a Word, he's the 
 Son of the Sea. After all thefe Preparations, when the 
 Poet comes and tells you, he tore up the Top of a Moun- 
 tain, you do not think it fuch a ftrange Thing, as it 
 wou'd have appeared to you without Preparation. Nothing 
 feems impoffible to a Man, who had Neptune for his Fa- 
 ther, and was not of the Make of other Men. 
 
 There are other Ways of foftning what wou'd 
 elfe be hard in the Hyperbole^ and of giving it an Air of 
 Veri/lmility. /^^/>g-/7fpeaking of M.irk Anthony^ and y^«- 
 gupis's Fleets, at the Battle of J^hm, fays, 
 
 (pelago credas mnare revulfas 
 
 Cycladas 
 
 <]Cou ivoiiU believe the Cyclades 
 
 Were rooted iip^ and floated on the Seas. 
 
 2)ryden tranflates it thus, 
 
 Jt feems as if the Cyclades again 
 Were rooted up and pfiled in the Main. 
 
 Where did he read that the Cyclases were ever rooted up 
 before? Did Virgil tell him, they juftled in the Main, 
 as the Gods in Oedipus : 'Tis certain Mr. liryden fo little 
 thought of a Critick on his Virgil^ that he feems to have 
 tranflated in Defiance of it, and to make Virgil fpeak, as 
 he himfelf would have fpoken on the like Occafion 5 
 whereas he fhou'd have imitated every where the Judge- 
 ment and Difcretion of his Author, who was difcreet even 
 in Enthufiafm, as Tere ^oiihours fays. Segrais renders this 
 Vcrfe thus, ^ 
 
 De loin on penfe voir les Cyclades Hotter. 
 
 Tar off one ixoiCd have thought the Cyclades 
 Were floating on the Sea. 
 
 The 2)e hin there, Far off leflens the Hyperbole rather 
 more than the Credas of the Original, you ■'xoud believe : 
 For at a greater Diftance the Objeft impofes more on the 
 Sight than at a lefs. Mr. Waller in the Sattle of the 
 Summer Jflands^ has fomething like it upon a Whale. 
 
 I'h 
 
 mt 
 
24 'I'he ARTS of 
 
 'Their fixed Javelins in her Sidepe wears, 
 And on her 'Back a Grove of Tikes appears. 
 Toll ixoiild have thought., had you the Moi?Jler [een 
 "Thus drefi^ She had another JJland bee7i. 
 
 Thus drefi foftcns the Hyperbole, by making the Back 
 of the Whale like an Illand with a Wood riling our of it. 
 This Figure is fometimes admitted in Profe with the hke 
 Softenings, as when Fioriis fays Hifi. Rom. Lib. 2. c 2. Uc 
 non naves arte fatite.^ fed quodam rminere 'DeoriDH in 
 naves mutatae arbores viderentur j the Ships were equip- 
 ped with fuch Difpatch in the firit 'Pumck War, that it 
 leemed as if they were not buijt by Shipwrights, but that 
 the Trees were turned into Ships by the Gods. Virgil ^ot^ 
 not fay, that the Ships are floating Ides, but you would be- 
 lieve they were 5 nor Florus, that the Gods turned the Trees 
 into Ships, but it feemed fo. This Precaution is a Sort ot 
 a Pafsport for an Hyperbole 3 by making an Excufe for a 
 Saying before you fay it, you prepoflefs the Reader in its 
 Favour, let it be ever fo incredible : 'Propriisatirtbiis au.it- 
 tnr qiianivis iucredibik eji^ quod excufatur antequam di- 
 citur. Senec. Rhet. Suafor. 2. Foit lire never wants thofe 
 Softenings where they are neceflary, and no Writer ever 
 knew better than he did to give a Face of Truth to thac 
 which was not fo^ as in his Letter to Cardinal de ia fa- 
 kite^ on the Entertainment at la Sarre. Au fcrtir de 
 table., k bruit dss vk Ions fit }iwi2tcr tojit le Alondeeiz hattt^ 
 02i I'on trouva wie cbarnbre fi bien eclair^ e, qu 'il fe-nbLit 
 que le jour qui n^efioit plus fur la terre, s'y jnfi retir^' tout 
 entier. fi'^> en -ive rcfe from Tab.e^ every one ran up Stairs 
 at the Noife of Violins^ where they carae to a Chamber Jo full 
 of Lights^ it feemed as if the Sun which had left finning 
 upon the Earth., was retired into that Room. It feemed 
 there redifies the Thought, and renders the Senfe reafo- 
 ■nablc, tho' 'tis full of Hyperbole. In his Letter to Madam 
 Saintot, with the Orlando Furicfo oi Jrioftc, tranflated in- 
 to French., Vc it lire writes thus, Toutes les coiileurSy Ifi la 
 Fard de lapoefie,8<.c. Jll the Ccllours of Poetry cannot paint 
 you fo fair as we behold you., nor can the Imagination of 
 "^oets reach to fuch a Height. Had he flopt here, the 
 Thought would have been falfe 5 but what follows renders 
 the Hyperbole credible, as bold as it is, tho' the Subjefl of 
 it is above Credibility. The Chambers of Chrifial, dn.4 tha 
 'palaces of 2)iaraondSy which yoii will read of here^ are 
 
 1 far 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. \$ 
 
 far tnoTe eajy to be imagined, ^nd the Enchantments of 
 Amadis, ■-xhich appear toyoufo ijicredibky are hardly more 
 incredible than your o'xn. At the firfi Sight tofeize upon 
 SotilSy the mofi- refoliite, and the leafl maJe for Servitude; 
 to create in them a Sort of Love ^ "jchioh is fenfible cf Rea~ 
 Jon^ and ignorant both of Hope and Dcfire-^ to tranfport 
 isoith 'Pkafiire and Glory the Minds of thoje from whora 
 you have raviped Repofe a?2d Liberty i, and to render thofe 
 perfectly fatisfied -with you, to •ixhom you never -were but 
 cruel: Thefe are Effetis more ftraiige and more difiant 
 from probability^ than the Hyppogrifes and flying Chariots 
 oj Ariofto, or than ^whatever is mofi marvellous in Roraan- 
 ces. The Refle6lions on the more than Magiclc Power of 
 her Charms render the Hippogrifes of A/iofio the more cre- 
 dible, and the Hyperbole of the flying Chariots is brought 
 within Bounds by it, Nunquam tantiim fperat Hyperbole 
 quantum audet^ fed incredibilia affirmat nt ad credibilia 
 perveniat. Senec, de Benef Lib. 7 cap. 25. One of our 
 Euglifi Poets has attempted to foften his Hyperbole, and 
 reduce it to Credibility by fo poor a Word as fcarce: Tal" 
 den\ Vcrfes upon Wat^Qn\ Ephemeris : 
 
 Jn artful Frames your heavenly 'bodies movSy 
 Scarce brighter in their beauteous Crbs above. 
 
 Without this Scarce the Clock-Maker's Stars wou'd be 
 brighter than Jnptery Venui^ Jllars^ &ic. 
 
 The Irony is another Way of pafling offan Hy- Irony, 
 perbcle. When we rally or banter we may fay any 
 Thing, but mufl: be more upon curGuard when we write fe-. 
 rioufly 3 as "Balzac does where he fays. He could get oi much 
 M^^ne out cf his Mvfcadines as --xotdd make half England 
 arnnk ; that his Vines produce as much as ought to ferve a 
 ix'hole Country -J that there are mere 'Perfumes in his Cham- 
 ber than in all Arabia Faelix, and fuch a Flood of Orm^e 
 and Jeffamine Water, that he and his Servants are forced 
 to fvim jcr their Lives. Had he faid this by Way of 
 Banter, it ha^ been we]l enough j but the Misfortune is 
 he fays it with a .f^rave Tone, and perhaps is the firll Man 
 that ever faid a Thing fo gravely, that had fo little Truth 
 in if. Voiture never offends in this manner. When he in- 
 troduces the Hyperbole 'tis always by Way o^ Raillery : 
 As in this other PafiTage of the abo\ e-mention'd Letter to 
 Cardinal delaValette, upon the Entertainment at la Sarre 
 1.6 hal contimioit avec beaiiciiip deplaifir^^Q, i'he Sail 
 
 continued 
 
x6 The ARTS of 
 
 continued very fleafintly^ till a great Noife imhout 
 tDoors dreiv all the Ladies to the H^indo-Wy ixihere^ at 
 f.botit a hundred Tards dijlancc^ fo great a Ntmtber 
 of artificial Fire-zvorks ij/ii'd oat of a Wood^ that it 
 feenfd as if all the branches of the Threes ivere fo many 
 Rockets^ that all the Stars 'were fallen frora the Skies^ and 
 the Sphere of Fire had taken 'Place of the middle Region of 
 the Jir. 1'hefe^ my Lord, are three Hyperboles, -zvhich being 
 rightly appraifed and reduced to the jiiji Value cf L'hings, 
 can amount to no more nor no lefs than three dozen of Roc- 
 kets. The Conclufion isBanter and Irony. Voiture 6id not. 
 think it feem'd was fufficient to warrant the irood of Rockets, 
 the falling Stars and the Sphere of Fire, he turns it all 
 into Raillery, and brings ofF all well. Tefaiiro does not fo, 
 when fpeaking of flying Rockets, he fays only it feems 
 as if they would fet the Sphere of Fire in a Flame, thun- 
 der the Thunders, and alarm the Stars, Par che fagliano 
 ad infiammar la sfera del ftioco : a f/lfni?iare i fulmini, ^ 
 a gridar allarr/ie contra le Jielle. He contents himfelf with 
 fayingr, Par che fagliano, it feems, and takes no further 
 Care "about it. Let the Hyperbole make its way with that 
 Pafsport, he'll give it no other. Had he fpoken it in Rail- 
 lery, as FoitP/re did, as bold and as falfc as hisThoughts are, 
 they wou'd have part with his Par che fagliano only. 
 Falfchood it felf becomes Truth by the Help of an Irony, 
 or what we call the Rtde of Contraries. Thus when we 
 fay of a fcandalous lewd Woman,, flie is a very vertuous 
 Perfon, every one underfiands what is faid, or rather what 
 is not faid. Omnis jalfe dicendi ratio in eo ejf, tit aliter 
 qnara ef, reBiim "jernmq-j dicattir. Quint. Lib, 6. cap. 5 . 
 JutcUigittir quodnon dicittir. ibid. After all the beft Guide 
 we can follow is this admirable Saying of one of the great- 
 eft Wits of our Age, 
 
 Ritn n'ejl beau que Ic Vray, le Vray fettle (I aimable, 
 Jldcit regner par tout, et meraedans le Fable. 
 
 J^othing but L'riith is lovely, nothing fair, 
 JJnd nothing pleafes tis, but L'ruth is '■/here 5 
 ^ruthpou'd direct the Poet's fruitful Vein 
 Jn all ^flings, and e'en in the Fable reign. 
 
 'Tis taken from 'Boikau, and is as well expreft by Lord 
 
 Lan[do-'.n : 
 Impartial L'rvth, fiill kt your Fables hold, 
 Jnd moral Mvfferies -with Jrt unfold. 
 
 Thefe 
 
LoGiCK <?;/^ Rhetort cK. 27 
 
 Thcfe judicious Reflexions arc a flrange Rebuke to thofc 
 Writers and Readers, who wafte their Time about fuch 
 Stuff as Robinfon Critfo's^ Gullivers^ ^c. Dean S-wiJ't in 
 all his Tales and Fables, has not fliewn that he is at all 
 fenfible of the Duty of an Author to have Truth always 
 in View, and to follow that unerring Guide. If he can 
 work his Readers Faces into a G/vVz he reaches the ut- 
 moft of his Ambition 5 and if they laugh, he has his no- 
 ble Reward 5 tho' like People that are tickled, they would 
 cry if they could, and are, or ought to be, in Pain when 
 he pretends to give them Pleafure. 'Fere Souhours fpeaks 
 of fome merry Authors in France^ who ;pointed their Epi- 
 taphs, as Oiicen points his Epigrams. 
 
 Of this kind is the Epitaph on Francis the I. written 
 by St. GelaiSy in the Dialogue Way: 
 
 Qui tient enclos ce marbre qui ie voy ! 
 ReJ^o?!fe. Le Grand Fran .ois incomparable Roy. 
 
 Comme eut tel Prince, un fi court Monument ? 
 Refponfe. De luy n'y a que le Cosur feulement. 
 
 Done icy n'eft pas tout ce Grand Vainqueur ? 
 Refponfe. II y eft tout, car tout il eftoit Cocur. 
 
 What does the Marble I behold enclofe ? 
 Anfw. 1'he mighty Francis Conqit'ror of his Foes. 
 
 So great the King^ the Monument fo [mall'^. 
 Anfw. Here only is his Heart. 
 
 It holds not ally 
 
 The Conqu'ror ? 
 
 Anfw. YeSy he's here in every Tart^ 
 
 Francis the Great 'was nothing elfe but Heart. 
 
 A merry Point This! forfo ferious a Thing as an Epi- 
 taph ? and that on the Marefchal de RajTzau is not much 
 better. He had loft an Eye and a Leg in the Wars, and 
 perhaps never General was more maini'd than he. This 
 is the Thought the Poet goes upon, and after having told 
 us that but Half of the great Ranzau is beneath the Mar- 
 ble, and the other Half in the Field of Battle, he concludes 
 thus: 
 
 Et Mars ne luy laifla rien d' entier que le cceur. 
 jind nothing but his Heart Mars left bun --xhole. 
 
 NoLungSy no Liver y nor any Thing elfe. How fir diffe- 
 rent from this is what Voiiure writes to M^idemoifth i?. 
 
 'Paiikt 5 
 
a8 The ART S of 
 
 CPatikt 5 Si jofois ecrire des lettres pit oy able s^ &:c. If I durft 
 ^jtrite pitiful Letters^ I could fay Tbingi that 'icould break 
 your Heart j but to tell you the Truths I had much rather 
 It pould keep ivhole. J am afraid^ if tt was in two pieces. 
 Half of It might be loji in my Abfence : Ton fee I kno-w how 
 to make tife of the pretty Thivgs which I hear faid. Voi- 
 tiire is not in earneli He rallys, and even in his Raillery 
 borrows from fome Body whom he banters for fo faying. 
 Yet a Critick upon Veiture charges him as if the Thought 
 was his own, which if it had been fo, would have been ex- 
 cufable in a pleafant Writer, who in Mirth and Frolickj 
 fays any thing that comes uppermoft to divert himfelf and 
 others ; fomewhat like the Converfation of a good hu- 
 mour'd Fellow at a Friends Table, who rambles in his Dif- 
 courfe after the Glafs has gone about a little. One fhould 
 never take what is then faid in the like Circumftances ac- 
 cording to the Letter 5 yet I could bear it much better than 
 a very grave Saying of a Man after he had vomited Blood, 
 Je n'oferois, &c. / muji not dare to tell you^ as formerly ^ 
 that I love you with all my Soul^ fince I have lofl more than 
 half of it : To fpeak more regtilarly, I afjiire you I kve 
 you with all my Might. They are 'Balzach Words j an4 
 hefides that, 'tis allowable in Poets only to confound the 
 Blood and the Soul, and take the one for the other 5 If 
 he had loft half of his Soul^ his Might would have gone 
 alonff with ir, and his Love to his Friend is very weakly 
 expreft. What he fays elfewhere is no more true nor juft 
 than this, jfe fziis auffi dschire^ &c. J am as itiuch torn in 
 pieces as if J had been in all the battles I have read of. 
 I am but a Tiece of my felf, a .^larter or half Quarter 
 of what I was. Voiture, only had the Talent of Tpeak- 
 ing pleafantij', and correctly at the fame Time ; as thus, 
 Je ne puis pas dire^ ike. J camint fay abfilutely^ I am 
 arrived atTnnn^Jor there is but Half of ?ne come hither: 
 you imagijie my Mea7iivg to be^ that the other half re- 
 mains with you : 'That is not the Cafe ; for of a Inin- 
 dred and four 'Pcunds, which I weigh d^ I now weigh 
 hut Fifty Two. Never was any Thing feen fo lean and 
 la72k as I am. Voiture is not falfe when he is merry, 
 but Balzac is when he is ferious, and one falfe Thought 
 is enough to fpoil a fine Piece, whether in Profe or 
 Verfe. ' 
 
 Malberb, perhaps, never wrote any Thing finer than 
 rhofe fpiritual Stanza's, which begin with this Verfe. 
 
 N'efperons 
 
L o G 1 c K and Rhetoric k. i^ 
 ' K'cfperons plus, mon ame, aux promefles du Monde, 
 
 No ?/2ore, My Soul 
 On the WorWi Tromifes build thy Hops. 
 And it is Pity, that the inoft remarkable Stanza fhould 
 have fomewhat falfe in it. 
 
 Ont ils rendu I'Efprit ! ce n'eft plus que pouffiere, 
 Que cette Majeftc fi pompeufe 8c fi fiere, 
 
 Dont I'eclat orgueilleux etonnoit I'Univers ; 
 
 Et dans ces grands tombeaux ou leurs Ames hautaines 
 Font encore les vaines 
 lis font mangez des Vers. 
 
 ^heir S fir it is it fled i 
 
 '2' bat Majefiy ^o pompiis and fo -^roud^ 
 
 Whofe Glory dazkd the whole Univerfe^ 
 
 Js nothing no--vO but tDufi : 
 And in thojejiately Monuments, 
 Where flill their Souls their Vanities pirfue, 
 - 1'hey are eaten up by Worms. 
 
 Cojlarhsis very well obferv'd, that the Souls ofthofe 
 Kings, whom the Poet fpeaks of as purfimtg their Vani- 
 ties in their Tombs, are not there neither according to 
 our Theology, nor according to that of the 'Pagans. But 
 this has been defended by the Priviiedge of Poets, who 
 have a Theology by themfelves, and it allows them to 
 fay as Malherh does, that Souls are in Sepulchers. Thus 
 Ronfard faid before him : 
 
 Ha, qui diront la-bas fous les Tombes pondreufes 
 De Tant de vaillans Rois les Ames genereufes. . 
 
 What^ in their dufty Septilchers, will fay 
 So many generous Souls of valiant Kings. 
 
 As to the Theology of the Poets, it is ghanted they may 
 feign that the Dead are. Body and Soul, in their Tombs, 
 and they may even make them fpeak in an Epitaph. It 
 muft be own'd, that in a Piece purely profane and poeti- 
 cal, it is allowable with Virgil ^o bury the Manes, and to 
 make the departed Souls to haunt the Places where their 
 Bodies were interr'd. 
 
 Id Cinerem,& Manes credis curare fepultos ? Mn.lib. 12; 
 l,ee has fomething like it ; 
 
 jTo v?>:y the Caverns ivhere their bodies lye, 
 i , But 
 
30 The ARTS of 
 
 Bwt Mdlherb's Poem was entirely Chriftian, and has no- 
 thing in it poetical, but the Verfification which makes 
 me queftion, whether it is lawful to ufc the Language of 
 the higher Poetry. Ro7jfard\ Poem on the Miferies of 
 the limes admits of Idea's and Exprelfions, which a 
 fpiritual Stanza on the Vanity of worldly Greatnefs, will 
 not admit of. It is no Excufe to fay, the Pride of the 
 Great appears after their Death in the Pomp of their 
 Punerals, and efpeciallyin the Magnificence of their Monu- 
 ments. Is that fufficient to warrant the faying, that 
 their Souls are purfuing their Vanities in their ilately Se- 
 pulchers, tho' they are not there? Malherb did not mean, 
 that they carry'd their Vanity, or that their Vanity was 
 thus carry'd after them to the Grave. Some have cor- 
 rected this Thought by putting Shades inftead of Souk, 
 
 Et dans ces grands, &:c. 
 
 Jirni in thofe jlately Mo7mme72ts^ 
 
 Where ftill their Shades their Vanities pirfiie. 
 
 If by Shades are only meant the Brafs and Marble 
 Images on the Tombs ot King-, there would be no In- 
 convenience in it 5 but if you mean by it what the An- 
 rients meant by Shades of the Dead, which they call'd 
 Jllanes, the Thought is fomcwhat \Pa^an. After all, their 
 Shades are lefs fhocking than their Soii/s, and perhaps 
 ChiiiHanity and Poetry might be reconcil'd in that Term. 
 
 The Author of the Poem cntitulM S. Zouis, pufhes the 
 Thing farther than jlfalherb, fpeaking of his Heroe, who 
 lifited the Church of St. 'Denis before he departed for 
 the Holy Land: 
 
 II vifite le Temple, ou regnent fes Ayeux, 
 
 Dans leurs Tom beaux encordu Temps vifl:orieux. 
 
 He vifited the Churchy ivhere in their ^ombs^ 
 His Grandfires over 'I'ime vicarious reign. 
 
 How can it be faid, that the Kings of France reign 
 there,^or are vii5torious over Time, when they are nothing 
 but Dufl: and Afhes ; and Time, which confumes all 
 Things, has not fpar'd their Statues and their Maufoleums? 
 The J.arin Epitaph upon Cardinal Richelieu is full of it, 
 and hits the true CharaiSler of that great Minifter 5 yet 
 one cannot ilcny but it is falfe in more Places than one. 
 
 ^^Jfa Viator, qitod nfqnam vidcbis ^ aiidies, hie tegitiir. 
 Is this to be defended ! Sto^ 'PaJJenger^ all that thott wz/r 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k, 31 
 
 /ee, all that thou •ivilt hear, in any 'Part of the World lies 
 'here hiterfd. That PafTage of the Chariot, which bore 
 the Corpfe in the Night to the Place of Sepulture, is not 
 more true : Seciiti 'Pedites Eqnitejq-^ magno mimero, faces 
 prccrtilerunt, criicem nemo^ quia jjublicarii ciirrm deferebat. 
 Several Footmen and Horfe Men carry\i Flambeaux^ No 
 'Body carry'd the Crofs, becaufe the piblick Crofs -zvas car- 
 ry\4 by the Chariot. The Thought is falfe, and as malicious 
 as 'tis, might have been true, if in fuch Sort of Funeral 
 Pomp, the Crofs was wont to be born, and it had been 
 omitted in this. But fays Pere Sonhot/rs, as they are 
 worldly Ceremonies, and in fome wife profane, the Church 
 does not concern herfelf in it. Thus it was not becaufe 
 the Chariot carry'd the publick Crofs, that no Crofs at 
 all was carry'd at the Cardinal's Funeral. The Cardinal 
 was fo good a Churchman, that the Jefuit cannot torgive 
 what is faid againft him in this Epitaph, which ends 
 thus 5 Inter Theologosjitns^ ingens difpita-ndi JJrgirnientU}ti. 
 He is buried among the 'Do5iors^ and is a good StibjeH for 
 liiffutation 5 which confidering the Good and the Bad that 
 was faid of him, is more happily expreft, than Father 
 So//j&oz/rj would have us think it is. 'Tis true, there is a 
 Point in the Doftor and the Dilatation 5 but for the 
 Reafon before-mention'd, the mighty Difpute about his 
 good and bad Qualities, and which had the Prehemi- 
 nence, I do not fee the great Fault of bringing it into 
 an Epitaph, which was not intended to be a ferious one. 
 'Tis excufable by 'Bcileau's Leflbn in his Art of Poetry ; 
 
 ^'Tis not but that fometimes a dextrous Alufe^ 
 May "ivith Aivantage a turn'd Senfe abi/fe 5 
 j^?zd on a Word may trifie --xith Jlddref, 
 ^ut above all, avoid the fond Excefs. Soame'iTran. 
 
 This fond Excefs is what Father 'Bouhonrs cenfures in thofe 
 that are always aiming at fomething brillantin aDifcourfe, 
 and that commonly are not very follicitous about the Senfe, 
 if there is any Thing glaring in it. They would /liine every 
 where, but they dazle only the Vulgar, who are contented 
 with Appearances. Thofe who have a right and folic! 
 Underftanding, are not impos'd upon by them. One ot 
 thefe Dealers in Points, who in his Time was admir'd at 
 the Court of Savoy^ and who compos'd a Latin Panegyrick 
 on Le-xis the XIII, fays, that Prince would infallibly 
 cure ir^we of all her Difeafes, having for his Mother a 
 
 Prince fs 
 
31 The ARTS of 
 
 Princefs of the Houfe ai Medicis^ being bom on the Feaf? 
 of St. Copnas and St. Daimanm^ both Pbyficians. GallidS 
 Mediciis a mam Medic<£a Cojrna ^ 'limniano Medicis 
 fep die, wfeclo regno peperit gennns Spem Salmis. 
 He adds, that Leivis the jiifi being born under Libra^ 
 had the Sallancc put into his Hand by his Nativity, and 
 the S-~xord by Henry the Great -. 'Tis a Wonder he had 
 not bound his Head round with a Fillet, he might have 
 made one of his Crown, and then it had been the com- 
 pleat Figure of Juftice. How many are there, that 
 will think there's a great deal of Wit in the Sallance and 
 t\ieS-zvord} and fuch will doubtlefs admire the Conceits 
 of an Italian Poer, on the Sign Cancer, one of the Twelve 
 as well as the 'Ballance. Saint Francis Xavier the Miffio- 
 nary being b,,und for the Eafl- Indies, let a Crofs fall in- 
 to the Sea, and a Sea Crab brought it to him again 5 one 
 may be furc, that there is a great deal of 7>uth in fuch 
 a Piece of Poetry. Upon this the Italian imagines very 
 finely, that the fiaming Zeal ■■which burnt in the Saint's 
 Sreaft, "xas the Occafion of the Stm's being in Cancer 5 
 as that 'Tas the Occafion of the Cr abb's bringing him his 
 Crofs again, ivhich ivith the fxalkiang tip of the ^off 
 of LifCy are the Beauties of the Poem. 
 
 Perde Xaverio in mare * 
 
 11 Crocififlo, epiange, 
 
 Quafi che poffa il porto 
 
 ])e la fteffa Salute efler abforto. 
 
 Mentre fu'l lido ei f'ange, 
 
 Ecco un granchio Marino 
 
 Recargli fra le branche il fuo conforto ; 
 
 E giullo fu che de I amor divino 
 
 Fra le beate arfure ondc {\ duole 
 
 Non altrove che in granchio f 'havefle il fole. 
 
 1 T may be objefled, that the different Way of thinking 
 among Nations, makes a Thought feem true in one Lan- 
 guage, which looks falfe in another. Indeed every Nation 
 has a Tafte to itfelf, in Wit as well as in Beauty, in Drefsj 
 and every Thing elfc 3 but good Senfe is the fame in all 
 Languages, and what is bad of itfelf, ought not to pafs 
 for good in any Country, among reafonable Men. The 
 Poet, who wrote that Ihrew'd Anfwer to Bifliop "Biimef^ 
 laft Hiftory, in a Copy of Verfes on a Lady's being kept 
 
LOGICK «f«^ RhE TO R ICK. 33 
 
 in Town by immoderate Rains, has thefc two extraordi- 
 nary Thoughts in two Verfes. 
 
 Sut Heaven in 'Pity -weeps ivhik ire complaiit^ 
 Or elj'e our Tears exhaPd drop do'wn in Ram, 
 
 Here is not fo much as it feems^ nor even fcarce to 
 foften the Hyperbole 5 but the Tears of two or three 
 maudlin Gallants, after being exhal'd by the Sun, and 
 a good Part of the Moifture diffipated in the Exhalation, 
 pour'd down again in fuch Torrents as to drown the 
 Country for a hundred Miles about. If his Critick on 
 the Bilhop's Hillory is as falfe as this Turn of his Wit, 
 which is very much to be fufpefted, the Judgement of 
 his Readers will be notably improv'd by him. 
 
 I know not, whether Mr. 7)ryden has fo foften'd his 
 Hyperbole in the following Verfes, as to give it the leaft 
 Shew of Probability. He is fpeaking of the Dutchefs of 
 Ormonde paffing by Sea to Ireland j 
 
 T'ke Land^ if not reflrain'd^ had met your Way^ 
 ^roje^ied out a Neck^ atid jutted to the Sea. 
 
 The not refirain'd is all you have to hinder Ireland^ 
 
 funning out into the Sea to meet her Grace half Way. 
 
 I very much admir'd this Thought when I met with it 
 
 firit 5 but I believe there is not enough of the Irue in it, 
 
 to render it paflable with good Judges. 
 
 The Criticks have been very free with Virgil^ for the 
 
 Hyperbole in the feventh Book, where he tells us that 
 
 Camilla 
 
 Out ftrifd the IFinds in Speed upon the Tlain^ 
 Fle-w o'er the Fields^ nor hurt the bearded Grainy 
 She fijvept the Seas^ and aspe skim'd alongy 
 Her Flying Feet unbath'd on Sillo-ws hung. Dryd 
 
 That is, fhe touch'd the Ears of Com with her Feet, with- 
 out bending them, and walk'd dry fiiod on the Water, 
 without It fee?/2S, or fcarce ^ or any other foftening Word. 
 Coivley has imitated this Hyperbole, and tho' he has given 
 lis a Scarce^ m^de it worfe than Virgil^s. 
 
 Swifter than the northern Windy 
 
 Scarce could the nimble Motion of his Mind 
 Outgo his Feet: So ftrajigely ivould he runy 
 ^hat Time itfelf perceived not "xhat ixas done. 
 Oft o'er the Lawns and Meadows 'wou'd hepafs. 
 His Weight tinknowiy and hamlefs to the Grafs. 
 
 D Oft 
 
34 The AKTS of - 
 
 Oft o'er the Sands and hollo'X tDtifi 'would trace^ 
 Tet mt one Atom trouble or displace. 
 
 Lee has froth 'd up his Hyperbole to Frenzy in his Riva^ 
 
 ^teens. 
 
 Vvefeen himpwifter rwi than fiarthig Hinds^ 
 j<Ior bent the tender Grafs beneath his Feet, 
 Nayy even the Winds^ ivith all their Stock offf^ij^gs^ 
 Have piff'd behind^ as 'xanti7!g breath to reach him. 
 
 But as to Swiftnefs nothing fure is comparable to Mr- 
 ^ope^s War-Horfe in Windfor Foreft. 
 
 27:?' impatient Coiirfer pamts in every Vein^ 
 And pa'-joing feems to beat the diftant 'Plain^ 
 Hills^ Vales^ and Floods appear already crojl^ 
 And e'er he ft arts a thoiifand Steps are loft. 
 
 This the Critick in the Guardian has extoU'd, as a bold 
 and noble Image, which is indeed no Image at all. For 
 Fancy fupported by the flrongeil: Hyperbole cannot ima- 
 gine that a Horfc's Hoof is pawing one End of Hackney 
 Marfli, when his Head is at the other, nor that he had 
 crofs'd Highgate Hill, when he was at Hollozvay, nor 
 that he made a thouiand Steps, while he was (landing 
 flill : I do not fee how Seems can foften any Thing of all 
 this into Credibility. We may by thcfe Pafiages fee how 
 eafy it is to fwell this Figure into Nonfenfe : as Lord 
 Jia?fdoii'fi informs us, in his excellent Poem on Unnattiral 
 Flights in ^cetry 5 the beft Eflay in our Tongue, if any 
 Thing can be better than my Lord Rofcom//?on's, 
 
 ^he ivritten ^i5fitre 'vce applaud or blame^ 
 jBnt as thejuji Proportions are the fame. 
 Who driven -zvith ungovernable Fire, 
 Or void of Art beyond the 'Bounds afpire 5 
 Gigantick Forms and 7nonJlrotts Sirths alone 
 produce, ifhich Nature pock' d difdains to oiw. 
 
 Tho' what follows out of Dryden is falfe enough, it is 
 stnuch more warrantable than Mr. pope's, or Mr. Lee\ 
 Hyberboles. \ 
 
 'The lo^'ring Ckuds that dipt themfelves in Rain, 
 To pake their Fleeces on the Earth again. 
 
 Eefides, that a Cloud has not much Refemblance with 
 a Sheep ; what do we underhand by Clouds, but Rain 
 condensM ? and then it is Rain, dipping it felf in Rain. 
 
 Sit 
 
Log ICK /j/;^ Rh ETo RICK. 35- 
 
 Sir Richard Slackmcre Incaks more like a Philofopher as 
 well as a Doftor oFPhyhck3 
 
 ^ark Clouds o'er all the black Horizon froimi^ 
 And hang their deej) Hydropck 'Bellies do-rvn. 
 
 Tiie Clouds have been compar'd to Fleeces before, and 
 might have paft here, had he not made them dip them- 
 fehes in Rain. In Miltcu we read it thus. 
 
 2^e Mijls and Exhalations'^ that nc--J0 rije 
 Frcm Hill or jlreami77g Lake dusky and grey, 
 '■Till the Sun ^aint your fleecy Skirts -zvith Gold^ 
 Either to deck -zvith Clouds the uncoloufd Sky^ 
 Or -zxet the thirty Earth ivith falling Showers. 
 
 As Mr. 1)ryden miflook his Figure, about the Clouds in 
 this Place j fo in his Tranllation ot the ^xox^ ci Cinyras 
 and Atynha, he is as much miftaken about the Stars, which 
 he reduces to fo many farthing Candles : 
 
 T'l.e Stars amaz'd ran backwards jrom the Sight^ 
 And^pnmk within their Sockets, lojl their: Light. 
 
 This is not Ou/'i's Tliought, which tho' very poorly ex- 
 prett by a later Tranfla tor oi Ovid^ is more fiiithtuiiy thus 3 
 
 I'he Moon retires, 
 
 Stars proiid their Heads in Clouds^ Night lofi her Fires. 
 
 The Socket is the moft grofs Burlefque, and what Ovid* 
 one of the Conn oi Aiigu flu s, could not have been guilty 
 of. It looks well enough in Ratclifl'^ when he burlefcjues 
 thefe celebrated Lines oi 'Dry den. Ind. Em^. 
 
 Jll T'ljihgs werehiifl}\ias Nature's [elf lay dead^ 
 'The Mcu7itains feejn to ncd their drozvfy Heat. 
 
 The Seem there is a guard to the Hyperbole, and the 
 image not only pafTable but pleafing. 
 
 The little Sirds in Dreams their Songs repeat. 
 And fleecing Flowers beneath the NigJjt '2)ew fweat. 
 Ev'n Lnfl and Envyjlee^, 
 
 This Thought fo full of Figures, is compar'd by Rymer, 
 in his excellent Preface to Rapins Reflexions upon Poetry, 
 with the fame Thought in feveral Authors, antient and 
 modern, and he gives it the Preference 3 but Ratclifl^i]\e\\z 
 us how liable. the finell Verfes are to Abufc from the Wan- 
 tonncfs o^Wit. 
 
 D z M 
 
36 rhe ARTS of 
 
 All Things were hujh^d^ as whe-a the 'Drawers tresd 
 Softly tojleal the Key from Mafiefs Head. 
 The dying Snuffs do tivinkle in their UrnSy 
 Jis 'twere the Socket, mt the Candle I'lirfis. 
 The little Foot'Scy fnoars tij^on the Stair ; 
 And greajy Cookmaid fiveats in Elbow Chair, 
 No Coach nor Link was heard. 
 
 Father So«^o«r5 obferves, that a Thought founded on the 
 Fable where it is elUblifh'd, tho' in Fa£t impoflible and 
 incredible, yet being a known Part of the Fabulous Hi- 
 flory, it renders it in fome Meafure pofTible and credible. 
 Thus Amphion's Building the Walls of Thebes with the 
 Sound of his Lyre, the Stones dancing into their Places as 
 if they were charm 'd by his Mufick, is an Hyperbole of 
 themoft daring Kind ; and yet when we read it in^rior's 
 Verfes, on a Lady's playing upon the Lute, we are not at 
 allfhock'dat it. 
 
 To burning Rome, when frantick Nero fhy*d^ 
 Had he but heard thy Lute^ he foon had found 
 His Rage eluded^ and his Crime atton^d. 
 Thine ^ like Amphion'5 Hand^ had raised the St one ^ 
 And from !DeJiru6fion called a fairer To^xn, 
 Malice to Mtifick had been ford d to yield ; 
 l^or could he burn fo fajl as thou cou'djl build. 
 
 About forty Years ago, Cowley''s Miflrefs was cry'd up by 
 half Wits and half Criticks, as the Perfeflion of gallant 
 Poetry 5 and yet almoft all the Thoughts in thofe Love- 
 Verfes are falfe, becaufe they are unnatural, Full of Affec- 
 tation and Point, and aiming rather to fliew the Author's 
 Wit, and even Learning, than his Tendernefs and Paffion, 
 by which only he could reach and move hisMiftrefs's Heart. 
 Let us fatisfy our felves with this one Inftance of it. He 
 addrefles himfelf to £ch0y 
 
 Tifdwith the rough Denials of my Grayer ^ 
 
 From that hardfhe whom I obey^ 
 J come and find a 'Nymph much gentler here^ 
 
 That gives Confent to all T fay. 
 
 Ah gentle Nymph ^ who likfifo well. 
 In hollow folitary Caves to dwell: 
 
 Her Heart being fuch^ into it go. 
 And do but once from thsnce anfwer me fo, 
 
 Ilis 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. 37 
 
 His Miftrefs muft needs imagine, that while he was point- 
 ing all thefe Thoughts, he did not think much of her, and 
 care little for the \Vit of the Poem, when there was no more 
 Love in it. Again, 
 
 Complainant JNymph, isoho dd'fi thus kindly pare 
 In Griefs^ '-xhoj'e Caiife thou dd'Jl not kno-w ; 
 
 IJad'Ji thou but Eyes as well as Tongue and Ear^ 
 Ho--jo much Companion wculd'Jl thou pew I 
 Thy FlamCy whilji living^ and a Flower^ 
 
 Wasof kfsjBeautyy and kfs ravipijig 'Power. 
 Alas^ 1 might aseafily 
 
 'paint thee to her^ as defiribe her to thee. 
 
 Kever was there an Jlas thrown away fo. Not a Mortal 
 that reads it, will believe Cowley was half fo muchgriev'd 
 about his Miftrefs's Cruelty, as he was plcas'd with his 
 own Fancy, efpecially in what follows 5 
 
 ^y Kepercujjion Seams ingender Fire^ 
 
 Shapes by Reflexion Shapes beget 5 ^ 
 
 The Voice it[elf^ when fiopp'd^ does back retire^ 
 
 And a new Voice is made by it. 
 
 Thus Things by Oppofition 
 The Gainers grow. My barren Love alone 
 
 Tioesfrom her fiony Sreajircbowjd^ 
 Producing neither Iraage, pire^ nor Sound. 
 
 Kotwithftanding the Reperctijfion^ the Oppofitiofi^ Shapes 
 upon Shapes, ^c. in thefe five or fix Lines the Lady has 
 two or three Words that will put her more in mind of what 
 the Poet drives at, than all the reft of the Poem, and thofe 
 are ingetider and beget y perhaps a little too firong for ^ 
 Miftrefs, who could not underftand a Syllable of what he 
 fays without a Smack of Philofgphy. 1 take no notice of 
 the Numbers here, becaufc I do not remember that I ever 
 heard Mr. Cowley commended for his Verfification 5 and 
 for a Man who wrote Profc as well as any one, and had as 
 much Wit, to wafte fo much of it in Profaick Poetry, is a 
 Matter of Lamentation to all that know his Merit, and re- 
 fpeft his Memory, which all Lovers of good Senfe and 
 good Learning muft do. 
 
 P3 Of 
 
38 The ART S of 
 
 Of ]vsr Thoughts, 
 
 'T^ O return now toTere 'Boiihoiirs. Truth, uhich is other- 
 ■•■ wife iiulivifibJe, is ;:0t fo in juft Thinking. Thoughts 
 are more or iefs true according as they arc conformable to 
 their Objefl. An entire Conforniity is what we call Juft- 
 nefs of Thought ^ that i5, as Cloath.s are juft, according as 
 they fit the Body, and are proportion'd to' the Perfon who 
 is to wear them ; fo Thoughts are juft, when they agree 
 cxaftly with the Things they reprcfent. Te'V'S adbtic quo 
 r/2agis Faljiim eft ^ longius petitum 5 fays ^iwtiliav.LibM. 
 C. J. A juft Thought is, properly fpeaking, a Thought 
 that is true on every Side of it, and in whatever Light you 
 look upon it. We have a fine Example of it in Aujonkis's 
 Epigram upon 'iDido. 
 
 Inj'dix ^ido, niilli bene nitpta marito : 
 Hue pereimtefvgis^ hocfiigiente perh. 
 
 Here the playing upon Words is fo far from being a Fault, 
 that 'tis extreamly beautiful becaufe there's ftrift Truth 
 in the Thought . 
 
 U72hapfy\ Dido, ''jcas thy Fate 
 
 Jiiftrft and feco72d -zcedded State. 
 
 One Husband caiu'd thy Flight by dyings 
 
 ^hy lyeath the other caiis'd by flying. 
 
 2)ido fled to Jfrica from Tyre, with her Riches, after her 
 firft Husband Sichccvs was kill'd 5 and the Poets tell us fhc 
 Jcill'd her felf, after her fecond Husband JF-ueas left her. 
 Cbevrean theHilloriai-. tranftated this Diftich oi jlujbnms 
 ahto French: So did the Author of a Poem, entitulcd 'pein- 
 nire 'Pcetique ; and fo alfo did Monf. de la Fojfe, and the 
 famous Leibnitz of Germany, who fhew'd that he under- 
 ftood French well by this Tranflation : 
 
 Quel Marl qu' aitDidon fon Malheur lapourfuit 
 EUefuit quand I'un meurt, & meurt quand Tautre fuit, 
 Whatevtr Husband Dido had, ill Fate 
 'piirj'u'd her ft ill. When the fir ft dydpefled^ 
 And 'vchen the other fiedpe dy'd. 
 
 Every Thing quadrates in this Epigram of Atiftoniiis 5 but 
 
 as juft as tlie Turns are here, they are by no Means eflcn- 
 
 3 tial 
 
LoGicK and Rheto-rick. 3^ 
 
 tial to the Juftnefs of Thought, which does not. always re- 
 quire To much Symmetry and fo much Sporting, ^'^fir fuf- 
 ficientthat a Thought be true in all the Extent, of" itj-i^ 
 has the fame Face on what Side fo ever you regard' trr'CmS 
 juit Way of Thinkiug is not the Portion of every on&j- i*** 
 requires a ri^ht Underftanding, a found Judgement, aM!.. 
 fomething ot the Genius of i/o/^zer, whofe Thoughts and 
 Words, as Ariftotle obferves, were alwayl proportion 'd to 
 the Subjeft he treats of, and who, for that Reafon, is loft 
 to us in the la{l: Englip 'Tranjlation. 
 
 'B A L ZAC^ who is not fo correifi in his Thoughts as 
 VoitiirCy tho* he is more fo in his Elocution and Stile, thinks 
 however very juttly fometimes, as, where he fays of AIoU' 
 tagne^ He is a Guide out of the Way, but be kadi 0726 into 
 Countries more agreeable than tbofe he promised ns. C'eft un 
 Guide qui egare,£5^f.Further,tho' in whatever kind we write, 
 we ought always to think jufl:ly,yet we ought to do fo more 
 in fome Kinds than in others. Elegy\ for Example, and 
 1'ragedy, demand more exa6l Truth than Epigram and M^- 
 drigal. There are in Profe certain comick and merry Subjefts, 
 where this Exaftnefs is not fo neceflliry ; there are others 
 grave and ferious, where 'tis of abfolute Neceffity : Such 
 are all moral Difcourfes, Yet there are feveral Eooks of 
 Morality, wherein we meet with many falfe Thoughts. As 
 this for Inflance : Al Kinds of TVriting peai'e tis only from 
 the fecret Corruption of our Hearts j ivhen its meet ■zvitb the 
 fublime^ the noble and free Air in a 2)ifcourfe, the 'Pleafurs 
 arifisfrom our o-iwz Fanity, -ivhich is fond of Grandeur and 
 Endepen dance. Can any Thing be more falfe, than to im- 
 pute to the Corruption of the Heart, that which is theEf- 
 lert of good Tafte and Difcernment? Well written Pieces 
 pleafe Menof Senfe, becaufe they are regular, and what- 
 ^.ver is perfeft in its Kind, generally gives Content. Vanity 
 has no more Share in the Pleafuie we take in reading Vir- 
 gil and Cicero, than it has in the Pleafure wc find in look- 
 ing on excellent Pictures, or in hearing excellent Mufick. 
 The moft humble Man is delighted with thofe Beauties as 
 well as another, if he underftands andtaftes them. When 
 I read the holy Scripture, which is at the fame Time fo 
 limple and fo fublime, is it the Conceit of my own Dignity, 
 or the Corruption of my Heart, which caufes the Delight 
 I take in it? Is it not rather the Simplicity and Majefty of 
 the divine Word, which make an Impreilion j and may we 
 not in fome wife fay the fameqf the great Maftersin Poetry 
 ►ifld Eloquence ? How vain is it to imagine that we love 
 D 4 the 
 
40 The ARTS of 
 
 the Grandour and Facility of their Stile only out of Pride, 
 aijd a Defirc of Independance ? The fame Author, who 
 has been held ingreat Admiration, has more fuch Thoughts 
 as that above-cited. Every Man endeavours to occupy 
 as much ^lace as he can in his <nvn Imaginntion^ and all 
 M^n-pvjh for "ward and aggrandize themselves only toencreafe 
 the Idea they have form' d of themfelves in their can Mind. 
 Ihs is the End cj all their afnkitiotts Xefigns. Alexander 
 and Csefar had no other Vie-v:' than this in all the 'Battles 
 they fcvght -y and pctild one be as]Cd ixhy the grand Signicr 
 cam' d lately one imndred thovfand Men to ^erip at Can- 
 dia, one might 'with Certainty reyiy^ that it "xas only to 
 add the Title of Conqueror to the interioiir Image he had of 
 . hunfelf. The Grand Signior might befiege Candia^ and 
 never once have thought of that interior Image. He 
 was defirous tobeMafter of a Place, which was commodi- 
 ous for him, or of revenging himfelf of the Venetians, who 
 had dar'd to declare War againft him. He might be willing 
 to augment his Reputation 5 that is, the Opinion PeopJ? 
 had of his Power and Greatnefs. !Now the Opinion that 
 is had of us does not refide in our felves, but in the Pi.r- 
 fons who efleem us, which Refledion relates as much to 
 Mexander and Casfar as to the Grand Signior. further, 
 had the Thought been true in Part, it could not be fo in 
 the full Extent of it. In Effeft, how many Villains, to 
 acquire Efleem, and to raife themfelves, have appear'd 
 honefl, difinterefted and virtuous! They know in their 
 Hearts what they are j they do themfelves Juftice j and 
 'tis the leafi: of their Care to occupy as mtich ^Plojce as they 
 can in their oit'n Imagination, to make the Ufe of a Phrafs 
 fo new and fb elegant. Inflead of endeavouring to aug- 
 ment in their own Mind the Opinion they have there torm'd 
 of themfelves, they think only of making an advantagious 
 Impreflion on other Mens Minds of that Probity which 
 they have not, and which they do not defire to have. 'Paf 
 cal faj's, Men tvctild nxillingly he Con'ards to have the Re- 
 pi/fatio?2 of heing valiant. 
 
 The above-cited Author again : 
 
 Wh E N the Ignorant behold the great Libraries, ixhich. 
 one may -pretty rightly term the Magazine of Mens Fancies ^ 
 they imagine that a Man rjcotili be very happy, cr at leajt 
 very learned, if he knew all thafs contained in fuch a huge 
 Heap of Volumes, ivhich they lock upon as Treafures of Light. 
 'But they judge ixrovg ; fi^ppofe all the Contents --joere united 
 1 in 
 
LoGiCK ^«^ Rhetorick. 41 
 
 in ojie Man's Head^ it •■would not be the better regulated^ nor 
 the "iViferj 't-woii'd all only obscure his Lights ande92creaje his 
 Co7ifiifmi. By this way of arguing Ignorance is better thaa 
 profound Learning 3 and the more illiterate a Man is, the 
 more his Idea's will be diflinft and clear. The Argument 
 according to his Concluiion is juft, but the Principle is 
 falfe. It is not true that the feveral Parts of Knowledge, 
 which are acquir'd by reading, produce of themfelvesConfu- 
 fipn and Obfcurity. Thofe ill EfFedhcome only from the ill 
 jbifpofition of Mens Underitandings. One learned Man is an 
 Abyfs of Literature 5 but an Abyfs may be call'd a Chaos, 
 where all Languages and all Sciences are jumbled together, 
 fo little methodical and clear is his Underftanding. Ano- 
 ther learned Man, on the contrary, has in his Head an 
 infinite Xumber of Species plac'd in good Order, and he 
 difcourfes clearly upon every one of them. If a Man's 
 Head is good and well temper'd, if he knows the Contents 
 of fo many Books, that he might be call'd a living Libra- 
 ry, (as Origen was) he would not be the more confus'd and 
 obfcure in his Difcourfes, but he might be the more wife 
 and the more regular in his Conduft, if he made a go(^ 
 Ufe of his Lights. 
 
 These Examples fhew the Weaknefs of thofe moral 
 Thoughts which are not true. For I fay nothing of thofe 
 Maxims which have any Thing falfe in them : fuch do not 
 deferve the Name of Maxims, whofe only End is to regu- 
 late the Manners, and be a Guide to Reafon. Hiitorical 
 ReHct^ions are of no more Value when they are falfe. It 
 were to be wiHi'd, that the Authors of two great Hiftories 
 o^ England^ publifli'd in our Time, had underftood fome- 
 thing of this Matter. Truth, fays Tcre "Boiihoiirs^ is the 
 Soul of Hiflory, and fhould be the Rule in whatever the 
 Hiflorian writes 5 but it ought to fhine moit in his Reflec- 
 tions J and nothing is more irregular than to think falfely 
 on Events which are true. Plutarch, who had a right 
 Underftanding,condemns the famous Thought of an Hillo- 
 rian on the Burning of 'iDiana's Temple at Eptefiis : JVe 
 are net to ivonder that fo nzagnificent a Snilding •zvas burnt 
 the very Night that Alexander ixias born^ becaufe tie Gcd- 
 defs ifho ajjlfied his Mother Olympias, 'was fo biiffd about 
 her Midzvifery, that pe could not attend to put cut the Fire, 
 Cicero indeed was mightily pleas'd with this Thought of 
 l^immis the Hiftorian, Concinna tit rnulta Timoeus, qui 
 ;tim in Hijloria dixij/et, qua no^e jiatiis Alexander ejfet, 
 
 eadem 
 
4i T/je ARTS of 
 
 ea.iem Viands E^hefiee temphim deflagravijfe : adjnnxh^ 
 mimme idejje mirandiim^quod1)iana^ciim 
 De Natur. Deor. in ^arm Olympiadis adejfe vchii£et, ab- 
 Lib. 2. JuiJJ'eT domo. Here's Tlutarch againft 
 
 Cicero^ and Father Soittoicrs owns he does 
 not very well underftand what Cicero meant by it, unlefs 
 he louk'd upon T"im(Ciis\ Thought as the Imagination of 
 a Poet, and not as the Refle6Hon of an Hiftorian, which 
 cannot be, becaufe he commends it as a pretty 1 bought 
 in his Hiitory, Cicero naturally Jov'd Raillety and Jeits, 
 infomuch, that ^nntilian tells us, he fometimes made 
 very dull ones, and it is probable he was taken with the 
 Pieafantry of the Thought, without examining it further ; 
 ■whereas '■Plutarch^ who was ferious and critical, confider'd 
 only what it had in it that was falfej yctas fevere as he 
 was, he could not help falling into as great an Error as he 
 blam'd in ^Tim£iLS^ by adding, "The RefleEiion of rhe Hijlc- 
 rinn isfo co/d, that 't-'xas enough to put out the Fire. T."his 
 Thought of 'Plutarch is more falfc and more cold 
 than that of Timeeus^ and there's no Way of bringing 
 him off, but by faying he had a Mind to divert himfelf, 
 even in the Place where he was fpeaking gravely j but I 
 fear this will hardly do ; and 'tis a mortifying Circumftancc 
 in Criticifm, that one of the greateft Criticks of the An- 
 tients, as Plutarch was, Hiould make fuch a Blunder him- 
 felf, when he was cenfuring another Man for blundering. 
 I have heard it faid, that Kitcat's Mutton Pies were or- 
 dered to be bak'd with 2)2irfey's Works under 'em, by 
 the Founder of the Club j and that upon their complain- 
 ing the Pies were never bak'd enough, Chrifiopbsr Kat^ 
 the Paflry-Cook, fwore, Tfurfey'sWcrks --werefo cold, that 
 rhe 'Dough could not bake jor them 5 but to fay a Thought 
 was fo cold, as to put out the Fire of London^ or even St. 
 P^avlh Church, has fomething in it fo extravagant, as to 
 fhcw us Antiquity it felf is not infallible. The beft Ex- 
 cufe for both Cicero and Plutarch is, that what pleafes one 
 Man does not infallibly pleafe another, as will be prov'd 
 by an Example taken from the Moderns, two Authors of 
 the French Academy. Salzac^ the greateft Mafter of 
 the French Eloquence, could not bear this Saying of Pom- 
 fey^ which is quoted with Applaufe in the SpeHatCT^ 
 Is °. 507. It is neceffary for me to go, but it is not ne- 
 cefj'ary forme to live. Plut. in Pomp. Here's an Jpparence 
 of fomethi}2g Jinely faidy cries Salzac^ ivhich however, if 
 
 mr- 
 
LoGicK and Rhetoric k. 43 
 
 nanoixly loo^^d into^ defiroys it felf^ and imj'lies a 7neer 
 Coj2tradi6iio72 'j for to go, be mujl live, and cojifeqiieiitly 
 the one is as necejfary as the other. The SpeEiator's I'ranf- 
 lationof it fpoils this Remark, It is Jiecejp/ry for me tofail^ 
 and not to go. Now to fail, it was not neccflliry for him to 
 live 5 for his Corpfe might have been tranfported in the 
 Ship, as well dead as alive j but to go, it was neccflary 
 for him to live. La Mothe leVayer differs dirediy from 
 Sahac'. He thinks 'Pompey's Saying is excellent, as i"ull 
 of Reafon and Senfe, as of Rcfoiution and Courage. 'Pere 
 Souhoiirs is of the fame Opinion j he fees no Contraditflion 
 in it, but much of the Sentiments of a true Roman. He 
 declares, that to execute the Orders of the Senate, he va- 
 lues his Lifelefs than his Honour; / am, he would fay, 
 indifpenfably obliged to do my 'Duty, tW it cojls me my 
 Life ; and I miifi not fpare it at the Expence of my Ho- 
 nour J 'tis necejary that I obey and embark, as dangerous 
 as it may he in fuch tempepiuous PVeather. It is not necejfary 
 that Ipreferm my felf, nor that Hive. Where's the Con- 
 tradiftion ? he has no Regard to any Thing but the pro- 
 per phyfical Senfe, in faying, T'o go, he imift live, atid the 
 me -zvas as necefjary as the other ; that Senfe is the Moral 
 Mvhich includes the Obligation and Duty. 
 
 ALEXj4NT>ER fays, in the ^lintius Curtiiis of 
 Vaugelas, faime mieux combat tre que de vivre. Sec. I had 
 father fight tha?i live; and J'itus in the Berenice of 
 Racine 5 
 
 Mais il ne s'agit plus de vivre, il faut regner. 
 ^he Matter now is not to live^ but reign. 
 
 Both thefe Expreffions are like that of Pompey, and no 
 Critick has pretended yet to cenfure them. And we 
 read in the before-mentioned SpCtdatcr, that one of the 
 Fathers carry 'd this Point fo high, as to declare, He would 
 920t tell a Lye, tho' he were fwe to gain Heaven by it ; 
 which is Extravagance it felf, in Comparifon with what 
 ^ompey faid, and the Thought equally falfe and daring. 
 To continue the learned Jefuit's Obfervations on hifto- 
 rical Reflexions. If we examine the greateft Part of 
 thofe that are in certain Hiflories, fuch as the Englip ones 
 lately hinted at, we fhall find the Falfe in them prevail a- 
 bundantly, fuch as this Thought in 
 Strada de'Bell. Selg. Tiec.%. Lib. 5. Hiftorical Reflexions, 
 Adeo mn ex vano obfervattira cin'<e 
 
44 ne ART S of 
 
 ejfe Tieo frincipzim vitam : quafi non magh cordi /« homim 
 quam Itn^peratori in exercim novijjimiira mori datum fit. 
 So true n /s, that it 1ms ?20t been obferv'd in vain, that God 
 takes Care oj the Life of \Princes 5 and that it is no lefs gi- 
 ven to a General to die the lafi in his Army\ than to the 
 Heart to die the lafi in Man. Nothing is more falfe than 
 that, So true it is, with Refped to the fecond Propofitionj 
 for the Heart dies always the laft in Man j but it does not 
 happen always that Generals die the laft in their Armies. 
 Witnefs the great Gujlavus jJdolphus, the great Turenfiey 
 and the great Marefchal de Schombergh, to fay nothing of 
 others, who werekill'd among the firft in the Battel. The 
 Reflei^ion of a French Hiftorian concerning Admiral Coligny^ 
 the principal Vidim at the 'Parifian MaJ/acre, when fome of 
 the bePi Blood in France was fpilt by the Treachery and 
 Cruelty of the Papifts, is as falfe as that of Strada*s. J[pres 
 que I Amiral eiit receu tin coup d^Epee dans le ventre, &c. 
 Jfter the Admiral had received his 2)eath'sff^ound in his 'Bel- 
 ly, and another athnicart his Face, the Murderers endeavoured 
 to throiii him out at the JVindo-w ; aiid it "xas then obferv*4 
 that the f/Wjf i77trepd 'perjhis have an Incli-Mtion to Life 
 as natural and even as violent as the mojl timorous, and that 
 Heroes conceal it 3 or to [peak better, rather difguife thau 
 fiifle It in their Hearts. The Refledion arofe from this 
 incident 5 the Murderers being about to fling the Admiral 
 out at the Window, his Legs ftuck in the Bar j that He- 
 roc,as long as he had the Ufcof his Senfes, expeiled Death 
 with the utmoft Refolution j but when he loft the Ufe of 
 them, a natural Inclination to Life took hold of him, and 
 he ftuck foclofe to the Window, that the AflalTins were at 
 fbme Trouble to throw him out into the Yard, where the 
 bloody Duke ofG////t%the Captain of the Murderers, wait- 
 ed for the Body, to triumph over it and infult it. This 
 Thought is far from being folid, and has no Manner 
 of Foundation 5 for how does the Sticking of the Admiral's 
 Le.c',s in the Window, occafioned by the natural Motion of 
 a Remainder of Spirits, prove that the Intrepid refemble 
 ^he moft '■Timorous, with Refpe^t to the Love of Life ; 
 and that Heroes arc not really Heroes, after they have loft 
 their Scnfcs. or the Ufe of their Senfes ? Between which 
 there's a great deal of Difference. To lofe the Senfes is 
 fo become Fool or Madman ; to lofe the Ufe of the 
 iSenfcs is to be diftemper'd, and in a Coondition, wherein 
 the Fun6:iQns of the Mind are not free, Be it as it will. 
 
LoGiCK z?;?^ Rhetor I CK. 4^ 
 
 h\s no Wonder, that when a Man is no more a Man, he 
 (hou'd ccafe to be Brave j and it is ridiculous to reproach 
 Heroes with the Love of Life, at a Time when they have 
 not Reafon enough left to defy Death, or rather when 
 the Inclination, which is natural to all Animals for their 
 own Prefervation, extinguifhes in them all Sentiments of 
 Heroick Virtue. I /liou'd as foon accufe them of Cow- 
 ardice, for not purfuing the Enemy, when they are cover'd 
 with Wounds, and their Blood is ilreaming from all their 
 Veins, or for fuffering themfelves to be Itrip'd and infulted 
 after the Breath is out of their Body. 
 
 I N one of the Spe6fators^ there's a Reflefiion on 
 Trade, which I conceive to have fomething of t/se 
 Falfe in it 5 '7/J no iiconder an ill-natufd Man fiich as 
 S 1, fncceeds in Wit better than a Man of Humani- 
 ty^ as a 'Perfon 'who makes ufe of indirect Methods is 
 ■more likely to grow Rich than the fair 'Trader j both which 
 I take to be untrue, imlefs you will fuppofe it to be im- 
 pofTible for a good natur'd Man to have Wit. If you will 
 allow, that a Man may have Wit and good Nature, and that 
 the good natur'd Man has as much Wit as the ill-natur'dj 
 than it is not True, that the latter will fucceed better than 
 the former : On the contrary, his Humanity will add a 
 Grace to his Wit, which will render it more agreeable, 
 and gain him the more Efteem or Succefs, which you 
 pleafe : Neither is it true, that the Smuggler or the Cheat 
 is more likely to grow more Rich than the fair Trader. 
 Eor belides that, it is very difficult for the Cheat or the 
 Smuggler to preferve his Credit,which is the Life of Trade, 
 and that indireft Methods are deftru6live of that Induftry, 
 which, tho' more flow, is more fure to acquire Riches. 
 'Tis a common Obfervation in Commerce, That the 
 Rogue is generally the Bankrupt, and to ufe the Tradef^ 
 man's Proverb on this Occafion, Honejiy is the befi policy. 
 
 I F I wou'd go about to profecute Father Bov.hQiiri\ 
 Subjeft, as to the Falfehood of Hiftorical Refled:ions in 
 certain Hiftorians, I might fill Volumes out of Eaglip 
 Hiftories, and have large Supplies out of the mofl renown- 
 ed Authors. Our Hiftorians do not feem to have been at 
 all fenfible of the Juftnefs of Thought in their Refiediions. 
 If they have a lively Turn, if they are brillant, and are 
 pointed, efpecially ifthere's a Keennefs in them towards a 
 Side J they are then Fine, and it is no Matter whether 
 they are True or Falfej for their Readers judge in the 
 fame Sentiments in which they write, and had it never in 
 
 their 
 
4^ The ARTS of 
 
 their Heads that to be Fine, it is neceflary for aThoughr 
 to be JuiL 
 
 Tu E next Thing Father Souhotirs takes to Task for 
 
 l-'alfchood of 'I'bougbt^ is Preaching, and 
 Sermons. there's a Subjeft which is never to be ex- 
 
 haufted. Kot from the Nature of it, which 
 is all Truth, but from the Multuude of Sermons, in all 
 Languages, from a Multitude of Preachers, among whom 
 there cou'd not but be an immenfe Store of Ignorance 
 and Conceit, which are the main Ingredients in the Falfe- 
 hood of a Thought. '^Pere 'Bouhcvrs fays very juftly. That * 
 to give the Word of GOD an Appearance of Fable, is 
 the highert Degree of Corruption : And he complains, 
 that many Preachers endeavour to tickle the Ears ot their 
 Auditories, with Conceits and falfe Thoughts. This was 
 very much in Vogue in King James the Firll's Time, 
 whofe true Tafte ot Learning is much better judg'd of by 
 that, than by his Politicks. Let us fee what the Author 
 t)f the SpeBator fays on this Occafion, ]SI°- 6\. 'Tmt 
 learned Monarch ivas bimfelf o. tolerable Punfter, ani 
 made very fezv SipoPs and Privy Couvfellcrs, that had 
 net for/ietime or other fignaliz'd tbemfehes by a Clinch or 
 a Conundrum ; it ims^ therefore^ in this J3ge^ that the 
 Pun appeared ivith Temp and IJignity j it hadbefcre been 
 admitted into merry Speeches, and kidicroiis Compofitmis^ 
 hilt -zvas now deliverc.i -zvith great Gravity from the (Piil- 
 fit, or prcniunced in the mojl [olemn Manner at the Coun- 
 cil liable : The greatefi Authors, in their mofi ferious 
 Works, made frequent itfe of Puns -^ the Sermons of "Bipop 
 Andrews, and the 'Tragedies of Shakefpear, are full of 
 thera ^ the Sinner "isias punn'd into Repcfitance, Sic. I 
 queftion whether the Raillery is not here a little too 
 Ih-ong, or whether a Man's Mind cou'd be afFefled with 
 the Guilt of his Sins, while the Pun was tickling his 
 Ears. Of this Kind was the known Saying of an eminent 
 Do6lor, the rhetorical Quibbler of the laft Age, on the 
 Wages of Sin is 'Death. Poor Wages ivhich a Man can't 
 live by. The Thought here is of no lefs Concern than 
 eternal Damnation, and yet one cannot repeat the Re- 
 fleilion upon the terrible Text, without Grimace. That 
 learned Dignitary's Sermons are replete wirh the like Puns 
 and Conceits : And for that very Qiiality are reckon'd a- 
 mong the moft Eloquent and Polite, tho' they do not 
 want good Qualif cations to recommend them : The; 
 
 Spe5ia(or, 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. 47 
 
 Spe&ator N°* 55(5. quotes a Saying of Dr. South' Sy That 
 a 'Phypcian has the Covfolntion at the Tieath of a 'Pa- 
 tienty that he ivas killed fecundum Artem, which is as 
 Falfe as Uncharitable ; for no Phyfician can have Confola- 
 tion in killing his Patient 5 but if his Patient dy'd of a 
 Diftemper, he may comfort himfclf lawfully in having 
 done nothing for him but what was agreeable to his Arc 
 in the like Cafe. Our Critick informs us, That the Talle in 
 Fra72ce was much the fame as in England^ at the fame 
 Time, but in his Days it was chang'd, and become more 
 refin'd ; the Vogue that Doctor's Sermons are ftill in, for 
 Pun and Conceit, do not fliew a like Refinement of our 
 Tafle in General 5 but in Particular, it is fo far chang'd, 
 as to give Difguft to a Reader of good Judgement. The 
 Fre?icb Critick makes mention ot a Preacher, who to 
 prove, that young People dy'd fometimes before old Ones, 
 laid ych^i ran farter to the Sepulchre than Peter ^ the 
 other 'Difci;ple did outrun Peter, and came firft to the Se- 
 ■pidchre. Another Preacher told his Auditory, 'J'hat IVo- 
 men by their Pattins^ aided to their Stature^ "jchich -ivas 
 co7itrary the Word of God, and gave the Lye to 'Truth it 
 [elf. The two following Thoughts were very much ad- 
 mir'd in the Days of Conceit and Quibble ; the one, the 
 Heart of Alan being of a triangular Figure^ and the 
 tVorld of a round Figure^ it is flain^ that all •-vorldly 
 Great 7iefs cannot fill the Heart of Alan. Le caur de /' Hc/f?- 
 7iie etant de Figure triangv.laire, ^ le ATonde de Figurt 
 rojide, il etoit vifMe que toutcs les Grandeurs /ncndaines ns 
 fouvoie-nt reinjflir le cosur himiain. Father Scuhcurs fays, 
 he had knoxi'n, that Thought to have been very much ai~ 
 mifd. Dr. Fchard in his Grounds and Occafions of ths 
 Contempt of the Clergy^ mentions this very Thought, 
 " Then comes in the round World, which cannot fill the 
 " triangular Heart of Man ; whereas every Butcher knows, 
 " that the Heart is no more triangular than a Pear." 
 This Conceit as falfe and filly as it is, was fo efteem'd 
 by the Priefts abroad and at home, that we find it in 
 French and in Fnglip 5 and doubtlefs it is in other 
 Languages 5 for it wou'd be hard, if the Preachers of thofe 
 two Nations fhou'd have engrofs'd fuch a Piece of Wit to 
 themfelves. The other Thought fpoken of by the French 
 Critick, is, Ti.e Hebrews have but one TVord to exprefs 
 Life a}2d iDeath^ a Point cnly -makes the 7)iffere72cs: Frcrri 
 itv ence the Preacher conchUedy tiers -zvas but a Piijit on-> 
 
48 TbeAKTS of 
 
 ly hetisoeen Life and 'Death. The Mifchief of it is, ac=- 
 cording to 'J^ere Soiihours^ that the Hcbreivs have no fuch 
 Word as fignifies both Lite and Death, and confequently 
 he was guiity of a Falfehood to fct off his Thought with 
 a Quibble. Another Preacher faid, ^-pvoas the Incivi- 
 lity of Judas, 'U-hicb caiis'd his Damnation j hii di;l)ping 
 his Hand in the Difh mth his Majler. The following Paf- 
 fages are taken out of a Sermon, upon the Paffion of our 
 Saviour, preach 'd by a famous Abbot, at a Time when 
 the French Eloquence was at the Height, about the middle 
 of the Reign of Zoiiis XIV. " Our Saviour fweated 
 " Elood in the Garden of Olives, becaufe he cou'd not 
 ** weep otherwife, God being all Eye 5 he was filent be- 
 ** fore Herod, becaufe the Lamb Jofes his Voice at the 
 *' Sight of the Wolf} he was naked on the Crofs, becaufe 
 " he was fallen into the Hands of Robbers 5 he had no 
 " Flambeaux, not even the Flambeaux of Heaven at his 
 " Burial, becaufe he condemn'd all Funeral Pomp j and 
 *' in fine, he would be bury'd in a Stone Sepulcnre, be- 
 *' caufe as dead as he was, he wou'd teach Mankind to 
 *' have an Abhorrence for Softnefs and Effeminacy." 
 Wou'd fuch Points as thefe drive a Sinner to Repentance. 
 The Sermon was preach'd at a Nunnery-Grate, and tho* 
 the Nuns did not weep, they cry'd out, Jlh^ that's Fi7ie, 
 all the while the Abbot was quibbling with them. They 
 were wonderfully pleas'd with him, but he did not come 
 off fo well on the Eafer Sunday, when inquiring in his 
 Sermon, why Jefus, after he was rais'd from the Dead, 
 appear'd firft to the two Mary^'^ he faid gravely, God 
 ixoud have the Myftery of his Refiirre£fion 77zade piblick^ 
 and Women coming fir f; to the Knowledge of fo im^orrant a 
 Matter^ the Ne-ws ivoti'd focn fpread : 
 
 ^htts through a Woman was the Secret known^ 
 Tell us, aiid in Effe6i, yoii tell the Toivn. 
 
 Dry DEN. 
 
 In Ht. Echard's'Book before-mention'd, we have a great 
 Number of fuch Inftances, of fuch Kind of Tidfit Ora- 
 tory } in fome of which we find the Sublime of Nonfenfe, 
 and in fome the Grimace of Buffoonry j as thefe, It is 
 Goodtiefs by which we mujl afcend to Heaven 5 Goodnefs is 
 the milky Way to Jupiter'j 'palace; tofirengthen tis in our 
 Journey we miifi not take the Morning Milk, but fome 
 Morning Meditations, Again, Omnipotent All^ thou art 
 
 only 3 
 
L o G I c k mid Rhetoric k. 49 
 
 mly 5 because tboti art Jll^ ami becati[e thou oiuy art y 
 as for iiSy -ive are nor^ but we feem to be^ and only feem to be 
 because we are not 5 for ive be but Alites of Entity, a?2d 
 Crumbs of Something. Further in this Sublime^ we meet 
 with, *' Chrift is a Treafury of all Wares and Commodi- 
 
 " ties Good People, What do you lack ? What do 
 
 *' you buy ? Will you buy any Balm ot'Gilead ? Any Eye- 
 " faive, any Myrrhe, Aloes, or Caffia? Shall I fit you with 
 " a Robe ot Righteoufnefs, or with a white Garment '. 
 " See here ! What is it you want ? Here is a very choice 
 " Armory. Shall I fhew you an Helmet of Salvation, a 
 " Shield or a Breaft-plate of Faith ? Or will you pieafe to 
 *' walk in and fe2 fome precious Stones ? A Jafpcr, a 
 " Saphirc, or a Chalcedony ? Speak, What do jou buy?" 
 This is in the high Oratory: In the low you have as tbl- 
 lows, out of the fame Reverend Author, Malter of Ka~ 
 therine-Hall^ Cambridge 5 *' Thefe Scriptures contain 
 *' Doftrines, Precepts, Promifes, Threatnings, and Hillo- 
 " ries. Now take thefe five fmooth Stones, and put them 
 *' into the Scrip of the Heart, and throw them with the 
 *' Sling of Faith, by the Hand of a llrong Refolution, 
 " againft the Forehead of Sin, and we iTiaJl fee it, like 
 *' Goliah, fall before us." Again, in a Prayer, " Our 
 *' Souls are conflantly gaping after thee, O Lord j yea, 
 *• verily our Souls do gape, even as an Oyller gapcth." It 
 may beobjefted, that thefe and a hundred other fuch Say- 
 ings in the Pulpit, were utter'd by Fanaticks and Enthu- 
 fiafts only; but on the contrary they came from very Or- 
 thodox Preachers, fome of them Doftors, and fome cv^n 
 the King's Chaplains, as particularly Tarfon Slip-ftocking^ 
 Grciinds and Occaf. p. 57. is faid to have been. I Ihall on- 
 ly add two Examples more out of that Book, becaufe it 
 we do not get much in Divinity by them, we may be in- 
 flrufled as to Government Spiritual and Temporal ; tor we 
 do not always meet with better Argument. The Text is. 
 Sirs, What mil fl I do to be fwci"^. Here it is tint EfifcoJ^acy 
 has all the Proof that a Thing is capable of, which was 
 overlook 'd by all former Divines, ibid. p. 76". For, Sirs, 
 bei77g in the Greek Kc=,3j, which is to fay, in true and 
 firiB T'rnnflation Lords, what more plain, than that, of 
 cli, Epifcopacy, was not only the acknowJkdg\i Govern- 
 r,ient. Out that Sijfjops were fo many ^eers of the Realra, 
 and fo ot'ght to fit in the Ifotife of Lords. As to Tem- 
 poral Government, there is a Text which knocks down all 
 
 E Anti- 
 
^o The ARTS of 
 
 Antimonarchical Republican Principles, and eflablifhcs 
 the Empires of Morocco and Mufcovy ; Seekfirjl the Kivg- 
 dim of God^ p. 77. From ivbence it is piniuy that Monar- 
 chy cr Kingly Goven2me7it is raojt accordivg to the Mini 
 cf God 5 for It is mt faid^ feek the Parliament of God j 
 feek the Council of State of God ; feek the Committee 
 of Safety of God j but it is feek the Kingdom of God, 
 I do not think there is any Thing fo ftrong as this in FU- 
 wer^ Z-Pfy, Sic. Now that the Author of this Book was 
 Orthodox, one may be fure by his laughing at Mr. fDoi, 
 p. 87. becaufe he was a Punrter. A Perfon who was in 
 univerfal Efteem for his great Piety, Wifdom, Learning 
 and Benevolence. His rallying that excellent Minifter's 
 Treat) fe upon the Commajidments^ fhews us that he was 
 not at all tainted with the Principles of Moderation. Nei- 
 ther can he forbear, while he is tickling himfelf and his 
 Readers with his Witticifms, to fall foul on the very emi- 
 nent and worthy Mr. 'Pool^ Author of the Annotations, 
 whofe Synopjis has done more Service to the Students in 
 Divinity, than all the Writings of all the Doftors that were 
 graduated in his Time. He is laughing at a Diffenting 
 Miniiler about the Ccmmandment of Love^ and then bids 
 him get Mr, Pool to enter do'xiz this Note^ idjen he cornel 
 to St. John, for this ivill certainly add very much to the 
 'Preciotifnefs of his Narae^ very unequal to fuch Mirth as 
 hjs. His Defcription of Diflenting Minifters, confirms us in 
 his Chara£ler, /. 15?. " I know that they have had their 
 *' BuHiels of China Oranges, their Cordials, Effences, and 
 " Elixirs, and have been rubb'd down with Holland of 
 " Ten Shillings an Ell ;" by which it appears, that the 
 grave Author did not write his merry Book on the Weak- 
 nefles and Errours of the Clergy, out of a Spirit of Fanati- 
 cifm, but out of pure Refentment, at their corrupting the 
 Eloquence of the Chair, with Quibble, Conceit, Jingle 
 snd Fuftian. What happy Thought and Expreflion was 
 that of Dr. Ftiller in his Holy State, fpeaking of yehu, 
 as a Man of an adive Spirit ; For God^jchen he means to 
 fhave clofe, chofes a Razor -zvith a fharp Edge,, and never 
 fends a Slug on a Meffage that requires Hajle- what 
 a Huddle of fhocking Idea's, a Harher, a Razor^ a 
 Frot-'PoJl, and on what a tremendous Subjefl? yet to take 
 Offence at this Debafcment of thofe facred Leflures is 
 reckoned one of the greatefl: Proofs of Irreligion and Profane- 
 nefs. Tcre Sotibours wou'd have the Pulpit Doors /hut a- 
 
 apainfif 
 
LoGicK and Rhetorick. 51 
 
 &ainft fuch Haranguers, who difhonour the Miniftry 5 1 go^ 
 lays he, to a Sermon to be mftniCted^ to be mov'd 5 a7id 
 hear nothing but trifle s^ ivhich are pt only to be laugh' d 
 aty and hardly defers a 'place in 'Drolls and Farces j yet if 
 you do not attend them as con^antly, and as feriou{ly, as 
 if a 'Tilktfo7i or a Fleet-zvGod was the Preacher, you are a 
 Fanatick or an Atheifl-, or perhaps both : For my 'Part^ 
 adds the learned French Critick, / can^t bear drclling out 
 cf Seafo7!y ncr Arguments ••jchich are not to the Ttirpcje 5 / 
 j^refer a J;lam 'Proverb, to a Hundred pich Strokes cf If a 
 md Drollery 5 for Prowrbs, at leajt, are not Falfe^ and 
 T'nith al'says gives Content. 
 
 T n R R E are good Proverbs in all Lan- 
 guages, Bebreiv, Greek, Latin, Italian, Spa- Proverbs, 
 nip, Englijb, and French 3 nay, the Indian 
 Languages abound with them, as do the j^rabick, as I 
 have been informed by the Learned. Proverbs are pretty 
 much the fame in all Tongues, and whatever Tongue 
 they fpeak, they fay nothing but Truth, and commonly 
 hide very good Senfe under low Phrafes. Mr. Dryden 
 us'd to value himfelf much on his being Author of a Pro- 
 verb, as he call'd it, 
 
 For Triejis of all Religictis are the fame. 
 
 Which is in every one's Mouth, and is either very falfe, 
 or very trifling. If you give it the Senfe he probably in- 
 tended, it has as much Fallehood in it as Malignity. His 
 Meaning being then, that Priefts of all Religions areproud> 
 covetous, vicious, i$c.- or there is no Poignancy in his 
 Proverb. If he meant only, that there are good and bad 
 Priefis of all Religions, 'tis triflings fince it is impoffible 
 to be otherwife, there being no Profcdion perfe<?t among 
 Mankind 5 and if he meant, that Priells of all Religions 
 are pious, learned, virtuous, ^c. the Thought is as falfe 
 on that Side, as on the other, and therefore is a very fiH)^ 
 One, which p2fl>s only for the Pleafiire which Humane 
 Frailty takes in Malice and Cenfure. Belides, he mifnamed 
 his Verfe too 5 it is not a Proverb but a Saying, what the 
 Learned call a Sentence, and which if it were true, wou'd 
 be a Maxim or Apothegm 5 which has in it the Truth ot 
 a Proverb without its lownefs : As in thefe French Sen- 
 tences ^ 
 
 E a Un 
 
51 The ARTS of 
 
 Un Homme dc bicn n' eft etranger nuUe part. 
 
 j^n ionejl Afau is no ivhere a Stranger. 
 
 C'eft cire heureux, que d' etre content de fa Fortune. 
 
 *77^ to be happy ^ to be ccntejned izitb cue's Fortune. 
 
 La bonne Fortune eft plus difficile a porter que la raauvaifc. 
 
 Gocd Fortune is harder to be born than bad. 
 
 Sentences may be faid to be the Proverbs of the better 
 Sort of People, as common Proverbs are 
 OftheGoddefs the Sentences of the Vulgar. Fortune is 
 Fortune. frequently introduc'd as a Perfon in this 
 
 Way of Thinking and Speaking: Fortune 
 dees not al'ways covfider Merit 5 Fortune often javcurs In- 
 ^jt/fiice : Thefe Phrafes are purely Pagan 5 the Pagans a- 
 doring Fortune as a Goddefs, who govern 'd all according 
 to her Caprice, and who was rarely in accord with Vir- 
 tue. They paid their Vows to this Divinity, as is obferv'd 
 elfewhere, and it is of her profane Authors fpeak, when 
 they fay, 
 
 y/r Favcv.rs of Fortune are never pure. 
 Fortuna nunquam fimpliciter indulget. 
 
 Q^uiN T. Cur. Lib. 4. 
 
 Fortimne fports -zdth our Mifery "jcithout ^ity. 
 Fortuna impotens qualcs ex humanis malis tibiipfii ludos 
 facis? "■ Sen. Co7ifol. ad 'Poiybmm, 
 
 As often as fhe has a Mind to divert her felf, flie raifcs 
 Men of the loweft Condition to the Height of Humane 
 Greatnefs : 
 
 Qualcs ex humili magna ad Faftigia rerum 
 lixtoliit, quoties voluit Fortuna jocari. 
 
 J u V E N. Sat. 3. 
 
 All which is true in the Pagan Syftem; but nothing is 
 more taife in the Chriftian, which allows no other For- 
 tune than Providence, and difowns the fickle Goddefs as 
 an idle vain Chimera. Yet as much as it is a Chimera, 
 there is nothing more common among us, than to make 
 a Perfon of this Shadow both in Profe and Verfe, contrary 
 both to Reafon and Religion. We learn this irreligious 
 Cuftom by reading the Anticnts, and the moft celebrated 
 Authors pradlife it without Scruple : Thus it is faid, For- 
 tune fojaetimes makes tifc of cur iLefe^fs to raife m-, For- 
 ime €r^<ilTsfom8 Men to little; 'Fvrpofe^ ifjhe dees not teach 
 
 ttsm 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. fj 
 
 them how to behave themfehes. Fortune ivai ivedry of fa- 
 muring Oiztles the Vth, and in the 'Perfon of Henry 11, 
 repair' d the Injuries flie had done Francis I. I pay too 
 much Deference to Cuflom, fays 'pere "Bouhours^ and too 
 much refped: our Mailers, not to approve of thefe 
 Thoughts j but if I duril Ipeak my Mind, I vvou'd fay, 
 that fuch Expreffions /Jiou'd be us'd with great Caution, 
 efpecially in Profe; for the poetical Syftcm, being oHt felt 
 fabulous, and entirely Pagan, the Goddefs Fortune may 
 be admitted in it, as well as the Goddefs Tiicina^ or the 
 Goddefs Minerva^ and our Poets do not err in giving her 
 the fame Character which the Idolaters gave her. I be- 
 lieve alfo, that we may be a little Paganifh as to Fortune, 
 when the Subjef^s we treat of bear any Refemblance to 
 thofe where we find the Goddefs introduc'd as a Deity j' 
 I mean fuch as have no Manner of Relation to our Reli- 
 gion, as Panegyricks, Hidories, Difcourfes purely Moral or 
 Political, Dialogues like thofe that were written feme 
 Years fince, by a Man of Wit, Entitled, 1)iakgue ds h 
 Fortune If: du Merite : But I quefiion, whether Fortune 
 ought to be brought in, when the Subjeft is purely Chri- 
 flian 5 and a Sermon, in my Opinion, will not admit ot 
 Thoughts which have no Senfe but what is Pagan : Such 
 as thefe, Fortune takes ^ leaf ire in debafmg thofe tba pe 
 has rais'd to the "Top of hsr IVheel. Fortune often crofjcs 
 the !Defg7is cf the Great Men cfthis World, as tf fhe -ivas 
 jealous (f the Favours pe had herfelf beflo-zv\4 upontlem. 
 Thefe Thoughts can have no-Senfe but what is Pagan, be- 
 caufe they cannot be underflood of any Thing elfe, but the 
 Goddefs Fortune : For one cannot fay truly, that Divine 
 Providence lifts Tecple tip to the I'op of her Wheels nor 
 that floe is jealous of her Favours. Fortune fiiould be ba- 
 niHi'd from the Pulpit, unlefs Vae fignifies good Success 
 or ill Succefs, and is not brought in as a Perfon 5 for that 
 js to make her a Goddefs. One may fjy. Fortune raifes 
 Shepherds to the Throne ; Foi'tune difappoints the beft 
 concerted Defigns ; Fortune favours the Arms of good 
 Princes : But a Preacher ouoht not to attribute to the Per- 
 fon of Fortune, thofe Qualities which agree only with the 
 Goddefs of the Pagans. What can be more ridiculous than 
 to fay, as a Minifler of the Gofpel of Chrift 5 ^he blm i 
 Goddefs "joho prefides over the Events cf Life, aiid difpenfes 
 Happinefs and Mtfery, according to her Caprice j unlefs it 
 was to expofe the Folly of Paganifm. There are Ways of 
 
 E 3 foftning 
 
5-4 The AKT S of 
 
 foftning the Exprefiion of Fortune, if the Preacher or the 
 Writer thinks 'twill be of Advantage to him to make ufc 
 of the Term 5 as thus in the Works of an ingenious Author 5 
 Fortm:e, cr to [p3/ik wore like a Chrifiian^ 'Pro^jidencs 
 diftributes the 'Pcrts that ev'ry one are to aB on the great 
 Stage of the World. The fame Rule is to be the Guide 
 of the Hiflorian in Ecclefiafticr.l Hiflory, as of the Preach- 
 er in his Sermons. I ihou'd not have faid, as a certain Au- 
 thor does in his Hiftcry of the Religious War in 'Bohemia^ 
 fpcaking of Zifca^ the famous Leader of the HuJJites^ who 
 led their Armies, and obtain'd Vi(5lories, after he had lott 
 bis Sight j Js if Fortune, ivho is blijiiherfelf took Plea- 
 fure infavcuruig one that ivas blind, which feems to me 
 to be as much againft good Senfe, as Religion. I fliou'd 
 rather fay with Cicero, Non folum ij)fa Fort una cccca eft, fed 
 ecs etiam fknimqiie efficit c<fcos qim complexa ejl. JFor- 
 tune ii not only blind her felj, but pe very often makes 
 thcfe blind --vhom pe embraces. Indeed there's hardly any 
 Thing more (hacking, than to find this Phantom, Fortune, 
 made ufc of in Difcourfcs of Piety, cfpecially when the 
 Part fhe afts there is unworthy of Divine Wifdom. I cou'd 
 much better bear what is faid by a Gentleman in the Me- 
 moirs of his Life 5 ^I^he Unfortunate are not alivays fo, 
 and even Ftrtiine, by her Inconflancy teaches us, that the 
 Unhafpy are to hope, and Happy to fear 5 and what we 
 read in a Comical Hiftory 5 Jf I am nothing mere than an 
 unfortunate Comedian, "'tis doubtlefs becaufe Fortune --xou^d 
 he reve7?g'd of Nature, ivho ixas for making fomething of 
 rae ivitbout her Confent 5 or if yon 'will, becaufe Natttre 
 fomctimes takes Tie light in favouring thcfe to ■ivho?7i Forttme 
 has taken an Averfion. 
 
 We fo often meet with Fortune in our Country Sermons, 
 that what Father Si)«/:?f?/r5 has faid againft ufing the Word 
 in the Pagan Senfe, is very inftrui5}ing. One wou'd think the 
 Defcription is often taken from her Picture on the Walls of 
 Inns, and Ale-houfes, where her Wheel expofes the Per'oti 
 on the Top, as well as at the Bottom, to the Mirth ot the 
 Company. The lait Duke of ^uckingha^n's Verfps upon 
 her, will teach both Preachers and Writers how to behave, 
 with Regard to this imaginary Deit}', better than all the 
 French Jefuit's Leffbns. 
 
 Fortune made up of Tcys and Impudence, 
 "Tkoti common Jade, that haft not common Senfe I 
 
LoGiCK ajid Rhetorick. ^^ 
 
 ^utfond of Snjifiefs infokfitly dares 
 
 pretend to rule and fpoil the JVorld's j^ffairs. 
 
 She fliitfr'wg up and do-iin her Favours thro-vci -^ 
 
 On the next met^ not mindwg ivhat jhe does^ C 
 
 Nor -li'hy^ nor 'mhom pe helps^ or injures kfiozics. 3 
 
 Sometime pe Smiles^ than like a Fury raves^ 
 
 j^nd [eldom truly loves but Fools cr Knaves. 
 
 Let her love ischompe plsnfe^ 1 fcorn to woe her^ 
 
 While pe Jlays "xith me^ Vll be civil to her, 
 
 Sut ifpe ojj'er once to move her IVings^ 
 
 Til fling her back all her vain gewgaw T'hings^ 
 
 And arm'd -zvirh Virtue ivill more glorious' jiand^ 
 
 ''I'han if the Jilt flill bo-zv'd at my Command, 
 
 Til marry llonefly^ tho* ne'er Jo />co?\ 
 
 Rather than fo/lo-w fuch a blind dull Whore. 
 
 Father Souhcurs does not "forget the Errours in 
 Thought againft Truth in Epiftles Dedi- 
 catory, one of the molt copious Subjeds ir^ Epijlles'De'' 
 the World for ReflciSion on irregular and dicatory. 
 extravagant Thinking. No Authors have 
 err'd more in this than the Englip Poets : Their Patrons 
 have fufFer'd under fo much Flattery, that 'tis not eafy to de- 
 termine whofe Modefty has been moft put it j the Poets to 
 fay fo many fulfome Things, or the Patrons to read them. 
 Such Thoughts muft necefTarily be falfe, and of that 
 wretched Kind of Falfehood, which in plain Englip is 
 caird Lying j for the Poet often knows his Heroe to be a 
 Scoundrel, and the Patron receives the Man for a Wit, 
 whom he alfo knows to be a Blockhead, or a Coxcomb. 
 What the ^atler fpeaks in Merriment, may be taken feri- 
 oufly with Refpecl to the Dedications of the Poets, K^. 
 214. l^hat antient Lyrick^ Mr. Durfey, fome Tears ago 
 ivrit a dedication to a certain Zord, in ivhich he celebrated 
 VAm for the greatejl- 'Poet and Critick cf that J^e, upon a 
 Mifinformation in Dyer'i Letter^ that his noble 'Patron ivai 
 made Lord Chamberlain. The learned French Critick ge- 
 nerally makes Choice of Authors of Eminence for his Ex- 
 amples, that the Inftruftion may be rhe more fure ; for if 
 fuch Writers fall into fuch Mi (lakes, how careful ought 
 the Men of Mediocrity to be if they can't forbear writing. •« 
 A great Author in France^ who treated of Cffar's Con- 
 quefts, made no Difficulty of telling a Prince to whom he 
 dedicated his Book 5 See here the Cofi'jueror of the Gauls, 
 
 E 4 iiho 
 
S6 The'AKTS of 
 
 itho is cc'tne to do you Hmicge. And another writing of 
 HypolituSy or rather Mcnficur Hyfclite as Xirydcn calls 
 him, tells his Patrun in his Dedication, Hy^clims kaiies 
 the inmcjt ReceJJ'es of the GrcveSy on ^?/rJ>oJe to ?mke bis 
 Court to you j nothing; can be falfer than this. 'Tis a Jeil: 
 to conibund the Book that is dedicated with the Heroe 
 whom it treats of, and make them the fame Thing. Mr. 
 Rcjce is guilty of this Fault, in the Dedication of the La- 
 dy yii7ie Gray, a Tragedy, to her Royal Highnefs j Jl 
 ^rincefs cf the Jlwie Royal 'Bloody to ithom you are fo 
 clojely and [o happily ally\4^ prejhmes to tbrc-w her felf at 
 the Feet of ycur Royal Highnefs : Here the Lady Jane^ 
 and the Tragedy are confounded ^ and till this Criticifm of 
 ^ere Tiriihciirs comes to be known, I doubt not that Paf- 
 fagp, and a hundred fuch PafTages in the Dedications of 
 our moil renowned Poets, will pafs for fome cf tlie moii 
 fliining Examples oV Englip Eloquence. 
 
 The vfry learned and polite Dr. Surnet^ in the Dedica- 
 tion of the Theory of the Earth, begins his Addrefs to the 
 King thus 5 tie-'jc found Lands and Countries accrue to the 
 'Prince -u-hofe Stibje^l makes the firft ^ifcovery^ and havit^g^ 
 retrieved a World that had been loft for feme \thotifands of 
 Tears cut cf the Memory of Man, and the Records of Time 5 
 J thought it my 'Duty to lay it at yctir Majefty's Feet. 
 This Thought is very Fine and Juft, if you look on it as a 
 juft Theory, as which the Author prefents it to the King ; 
 for tho' he does not throw the Globe at his Majeity's 
 Feet ^ yet he lays there rhe ]3efcription of it, and fuch a 
 Defcription as has triumph'd over the Cavils and Criti- 
 cifms of other Theories and Philofophers 5 and as much 
 as I refpe6t the Names of fpood^xard, Keil, IVhifton, who 
 have objefied againft ]^r. 'Burnet's, Theory ; I am fatis- 
 ly'd his Ijeautiful Imagination, and fublime Stile, will pre- 
 ferve that Work, when all other Theories, and Criticifms 
 upon Theories, HiaJl be as much in the State of Oblivion 
 as the Chios out of which the eloquent Do6tor raifes the 
 fair Creation. 
 
 O peftus ingens! Oh animum gravem, 
 Mundi capacem ! /I bonus auguror, 
 Te, noRra quo tellus fuperbit, 
 Accipict renovata Civem. 
 
 The laft Lines of y[Y.JJddifon''sexct\\€x\tOdc, on thegrea* 
 Author, which I find thus tranflated before the Theory. 
 
 Oh, 
 
LoGicK <?;/^ Rhetort cK. 57 
 
 Ohy p.yy thou great ^ thou [acred NarM^ 
 iVhat Scenes thy thovghtftil 'Breajl empcy^ 
 
 Capacious as that fnighry Fraip.e^ 
 Ton raife with Eafe, ivith Eafe dedroy. 
 
 Each World jb all boafi thy Fame j andyoii^ 
 
 Who charm' d the Old, poti\i grace the New. 
 
 Unlefs the Philofbphers cou'd have fettled the Matter bet- 
 ter among themfelves, and not have Xoit it all guefs Work, 
 as they have plainly done, they might have fpar'd Dr. 
 S?/r«er's Theory J which if not literally True in Fa(5}, is 
 moft beautiful in Imagination, and we cannot lay lb much 
 of the Works of his Anta^onifts, tho' more ornamented 
 with Technical Cant, and Philofophical Phrafes. 
 
 To return to Father 'Bciihours. There is one Way of 
 confounding the Heroe with the Book which fpeaks of 
 himjn a Dedication, and that is when the Author, by a 
 Kind of Fiflion, makes his Heroe or Heroine fpeak inllead 
 of fpeaking himfelf, as one of the French Poets has wittily 
 done in the Dedication of a Play of his. 
 
 V o I T u R E has confounded the Heroe with the Book, 
 and taken the one for the other in two of his Letters : As 
 in that to the Duke 'De Sellegarde^ when he fent hira A- 
 madis de Gaul-, *' My Lord, there is fuch a Confulion now 
 " in Hiftory, that I thought I might venture to fend you 
 *' fome Fables; and being in a Place where your Intention 
 ** is only to unbend your Mind, you may as well afford 
 " Amadis fome of your Time, as the Gentlemen of the 
 *' Country. I hope he will divert you in your Solitude, 
 " by telling you agreeably his Adventures, which will 
 " without doubt, be the bed: in the World, till you pleafe 
 " to let us know your own." In the Title, the Book A~ 
 madh is only intended, in the Letter he fpeaks oi Amadis 
 de Gaul himfelf He does the fame in the before-men- 
 tion'd Letter to Madam de Saintct^ when he fent her the 
 Orlando Fiiricfo of Ariofio ; 'This Madam is doubtkfs the 
 faireft Adventure ivhich ever happened to Orlando : When 
 ke alone dejhided the Croivn o/Charlcmaine, a}id -zireftcd 
 Scepters otit of the Hands of Kifigs, it -ivas not fo glorious 
 for him as at this Time^ "johen he has the Honour to kifs 
 your Hands. 
 
 If Vciture forgets himfelf a little here, we muft con- 
 iider, that he is playing with his Subieft, and that Let- 
 ters of Gallantry do not require fuch fevere Truth as Epi- 
 
 ftles 
 
58 The ARTS of 
 
 ftles Dedicatory, which are of thcmfelves grave and 
 ferious. 
 
 There has been much faid in France^ within thefe 
 forty or fifty Years, about Le Ccstir^ and I'Efprity the 
 Heart and the Mind occafion'd by this Expreffion, Lc 
 C(Eiir ejl^lus ingeiiieux que I'lifprity in an eminent Author. 
 It became a Topick in all polite Converfation j the Heart 
 and the Mmi were play'd againft one another, and at laft 
 a Book appear'd call'd Le IJem'sU du C(Eiir ^ del' Jt^fjf^rit^ 
 A Dilpute between the Heart and the Mind j nay the 
 Preachers, had it up in their Pulpits, and the Hearf and the 
 Mind was very often one of the Divifions or Subdivifions 
 of their Difcourfes. l/'oiture was the firit that oppos'd them 
 one to the other, in a Letter to the Marchioneis de Sable. 
 *' My Letters are written with fo much Affeftion, that 
 *' if you take them right, you will value them mere than 
 *' thole you again demand of me j the latter came from 
 " my Mind only, the former from my Heart." By 
 MiJid here the French intend Underftanding ; and then 
 the Saying is no more, than that Mens Paflions are too 
 ftrong for their Reafon j their Heart is too hard for their 
 Underllanding. The Author of Reflexions Morales^ refines 
 upon Voittire^ where he fays 5 The Mind isalzvays a Sub- 
 hie to the Heart 3 that every one [peaks 'voell of his Hearty 
 but no body dare s fay fo much of his Mind 5 that the Mind 
 cannot lo72g a£f the 'Part of the Heart j which Expreffions 
 are of the Nature of Paradoxes, true and falfe at the fame 
 Time, according to the different Lights they are taken in. 
 For, may I fo fay, if you look on the Rind of the Thought, 
 and go according to the Letter, it is falfe, that the Heart 
 has more Underltanding, than the Underitandinp; itfelf, 
 or the Mind, which you pleafe ; but if you go to the Bot- 
 tom of the Matter, and not amufing your felf about the 
 Words come to the Senfe. you will find it true. That a 
 Perfon, who is in Love, has more Views, more Expe- 
 rience, and more Addrefs to obtain his Ends, in 
 what relates to his Paffion, than another perhaps more 
 witty and able has, who is not in Love. Two learned 
 Men in France^ Monfieur Coftar^ and Monfieur Girac, had 
 a Difpute about the Truth or Falfehood of this Exprefllon ; 
 jfe volts ay fauve la vie^ £5? je viens de moiirir pour votis* 
 * Fwas faid by a 'Perfian Knight, who met with a Scythian 
 Woman in Battle, and difmounted her. Finding the Ene- 
 my to b:; you'ig and fair, be gave her Life and^i^iberty ; 
 
 but 
 
LoGicK and Rhetoric k. 5*9 
 
 but as foon as /he was out of his Sight, he became paffio- 
 nately in Love with her. The Scythian Heroine difdain- 
 ing his Paflion, he fell into Defpair and dy'd of it j but 
 before his Death wrote to her, who had been the Caufe of 
 it, jfe vous ay fa7ivi\ 6fc. I fav'd yair Life^ aizd I /iye.i for 
 you. 'Twas faid I Afdjcr you^ was not true, becaufe to 
 fay as much he muit be alive, and if he was really dead, 
 he could not fay it. To excufe it, 'twas urg'd, the Knight 
 might perhaps fend the Letter before he dy'd, and order 
 Matters fo, tnat flie fliould not receive it til] after he was 
 dead. Girac was of that Opinion j but Ccftar maintain'd, 
 that the Words of the 'Perfian Billet were not true, whe- 
 ther the Billet came to the fair Scythiaji before or after he 
 dy'd : The Words could not be true at the Time they were 
 written, fince the 'Perjian was not dead when he wrote 
 J dy dfor you. Cojtar allow'd what Madam Tie/kges faid 
 of a Lover fwooning away in a Fit ol Love 5 / Jball dye, 
 I am dyings I am dead^ as is faid in her Sonnet, for that 
 in the Tranfport he might believe, and fay fo, when really 
 he was not dead. The Story and the Saying cf the Per- 
 fia?i is in Ctejias^ a Greek Author, mention 'd by 2)emetrms 
 (Pbaleretis, who was oiGirac's Opinion, that the Thought 
 is warrantable, and that he made the 'Perjian Knight 
 fay, I dy'd for you, becaufe it had more Force and Em- 
 phafis than if he had faid fimply, I a7/Z dyifig, or I pall 
 dye joryoii. Things are more evident according to iJeme- 
 trm, and make a Itronger Impreffion on the Mind, when 
 they are accomplifh'd, than when they are accompiifhing, 
 or are to be accomplKh'd 5 wherefore the Thought is falfe 
 taken literally, and in the Severity of the Terms 5 but it is 
 not fo, if we underftand it as lam dying ot Ip^.ll dye^ 
 and the Falfity, if there's any in it, is only in the Expref- 
 jfion or in the Turn that is given it, to render it more clear 
 and lively. Tet it muft be own'd, it had been more na- 
 tural for the Terfan to have faid, lam dying for you, and 
 probably he would have faid fo himfelf ^ but CteJJas muds 
 him fay fo for the Eloquence of the Exprefllon. That 
 Hiflorian was no great Lover of Simplicity, and Tieme- 
 triui himfelf calls him a Toet, not only on Account of the 
 Tahlei of which his Hiftory is full, but on Account of 
 his florid and poetical Stile. To conclude, Reafon is of 
 her felf an Enemy to Falfehood, and thofe that would 
 think juftly, ought to imitate great Painters, who in all 
 their Works give the firft Place to Truth, or rather follow 
 
 Nature, 
 
6o The ARTS of 
 
 Is'ature, which is the principal Rule to all 
 
 Compar'ifons. good Painters. Thence it is that Com parifons 
 
 well chofen and drawn from Nature, are the 
 
 Ground-work of" the moll rcafonable Thoughts, fuch as 
 
 thefe. 
 
 if J 'perfomies cm72oiJJantes^ Sec. Gr^tejiil 'Persons are 
 like fertile Lands^ ithicio al'xcysfay back more than tley 
 receive. LesMttons des Princes, Ikc.'-I be j^^lmis of Princes 
 are like great Rivers 5 the Source of --vohich fe-ijo km-zi\ but 
 every Sody fees the Coiirfe cf them. 
 
 Seneca, who does not always think juftly when he 
 follows his own Genius, is jull and corre(5l in his Thoughts 
 ■when he copies after Nature, and no Comparifons are 
 finer than his. 'Tis very eafy to go out of the Way in 
 comparing one Thing wiih another. The moll able Wri- 
 ters are fometimcs millaken, as was Cardinal Pallavichii 
 in his Dedication of a Book, entitl'd, Confi.ierationi foprci 
 ^' arte delle ftilc e del f^iakgo. Confiderations on the An of 
 Stils and Tiiakgiie, to Monfignor Riniicci?ii, Archbifhop of 
 Terrno. Pallavicini was then jefuit only, and hepraifes that 
 Prelate for the fevcral Treaties he had written, concerning 
 the Epifcopal Pun^ions, comparing him to a Magician, 
 by faying, that he has treated fuch dry auftere Matters 
 with fo much Wit, fo much Politcnefs, fomuch Eloquence, 
 that there's fomewhat more furprifing in them, than thofe 
 delightful Gardens, which rife out of frightful and barren 
 Rocks, by the powerful Spells of Magick. II fentir nia- 
 terie cofi aride, cofi atiftere, cofi digiime, trattate con tnnta 
 cofia difelkgrini concetti, con tanta foavitu diflile,ccn tanta 
 Lantezza dOrnamenti e di figure, fummi oggetto di piii alto 
 ftifore cbe non Carebbom i delizioji giardini fabricati fu 
 gli ermifcogli daW arte de negromanti. Does he not fay, 
 without thinking of it, that the Archbifhop's Writings had 
 nothing folid in them, that they were all Shew and no Sub- 
 ftance, like enchanted Gardens, which do indeed dazlc and 
 delight the Eye, but are all Delufion, and what is leaft 
 real in them, pleafes moft. The Duke of Rochfancault^ 
 who thought fo juilly and judg'd fo rightly, having read 
 a Book, which fome Body had prefented him, full of Sub- 
 tlety, and falfe Luflre 5 faid, 'twas like thofe Palaces built 
 by the Power of Magick Charms in the Air, which vanifh 
 in Smoak in the Inlfant that they charm you. My Lord 
 Za/fdoiv?i in his Poem upon unnatural Flights in Poetry, 
 
 Thru 
 
LoGicK and Rhetoric k. 6\ 
 
 'Thus forcivg Truth laith fiich frepo^^rous ^raife^ 
 Our Charaiier ive kJJ'en^ ivhen -nee d raife. 
 Like Cajlks built by M^gick Art in Air^ 
 T'bcit njanip at Approach^ [uch Thoughts appear, 
 Stit rais'd on Truth by Jhne jtidicious Handy 
 jis on a Rock they pall for Jgesjland. 
 
 This Thought is beautifully turn'd in the Speftator, 
 No. 413. " Our Souls are at prefent delightfully loit, 
 " andbewilder'd in a pleafingDelufion ;and we walk about 
 " like the enchanted Heroe of a Romance, who fees beau- 
 *' tiful CafHes, Woods, and Meadows, and at the fame 
 " Time hears the Warbling of Birds, and the Purling of 
 " Streams j but upon the finifhing of fome fecret Spell, 
 " the fantaflick Scene breaks up, and the difconfolate 
 " Knight finds himfelf on a barren Heath, or in a folitary 
 " Defart. " The Duke oi Rochfaucauh's Thought is as 
 true as Cardinal Tallavicini's^ is falfe 5 which Falfehood 
 ought carefully to be avoided in Comparifons. Nothing 
 muft be attributed to Nature, which does not agree with 
 her, as thofe Orators did, or rather thofe Corrupters of 
 Eloquence, mention 'd by ^lintilian^ who faid as fome- 
 thing very fine, that great Rivers were navigable at their 
 Rife, and great Trees bore Fruit, as foon as they were 
 planted ; ^icd qui dem genus a quibufiain declamatoria 
 maxime licentia corniptzim ejl : nam c? faljis utimtur : mag- 
 norumfitiminnm navigabilesfontes jimt 3 ^ genercfwris arbo- 
 risjlatim flaiita cum fratiu ejt. Lib. 8. c. 4. As falfe as 
 ^aUavicim\ Thought is, the Subje^ of his Book is to 
 correal others that fo think and write. He accufes feveral 
 Authors of the Fault he is himfelf guilty of, and among 
 others Tajfo^ who before he defcribes the laft Battle be- 
 tween the Infidels and the Chriflians 5 fays 
 
 E fenza velo 
 Volfe mirar Topre grandi il cielo. 
 
 An.i'vcithcut Cloudy Heaven his redoubled Lights 
 
 ^ent do-ivn to fee this Field^ this Fray^ this Fright. 
 
 Fa I R F. 
 
 For we know, fays 'jPallavicini, that the material 
 Heaven has no Eyes to fee, nor Soul to will, and that its 
 Inhabitants, if it is fpoken of them, fee though the thickeft 
 Clouds, what Mortals do upon Earth. 
 
 H E alfo criticizes on a certain Poet of his Time, who in 
 Pr^ife of a Sculptor, that had made a fine Statue of a 
 
 Goddcfs, 
 
^1 The ARTS of 
 
 Goddefs, faid, he was himfelf a God, becaufe nonebuta 
 God cou'd give Life to Marble. 
 
 Tu purDio fei 5 
 Che Dio fole, chi puo dar Vita a i marmi. 
 
 The Sophifm, according to ^allavic'mi^ confifts in taking 
 that in a proper Senfe, which is generally taken in a me- 
 taphorical one only, as is the Power attributed to Sculptors 
 of giving Life to Marble. This Power, in the proper Senfe, 
 is one Lrfeft and Mark of that which is divine j fuch a 
 Power as is afcrib'd to jfupite}\ when he turn *d Deucalion 
 and ^yrrba's Stones into Men, which is not true, and can- 
 rot be faid of Sculptors but in a metaphorical Senfe, as 
 they give their Statues the Likenefs of the Life. 
 
 1 s it not flrange that fo exa6t and judicious a Critick as 
 this, fliou'd fo grofsly err himfelf in his comparing the 
 Archbifhop's Difcourfes of Epifcopal Funftions to Caftles 
 in the Air, when he wou'd commend them for their So- 
 lidity as well as Beauty. But fo it is. The Wife have 
 their dark Intervals, as Madmen have their Lucid 5 and as 
 to Language and Morals, thofe that know the Rules the 
 beft, do not always beft obferve them. It often happens 
 that Philofophers are guilty of Sophifms, and Teachers o£ 
 Morality, the mod negligent of their Morals. What fine 
 Lectures of Oeccnomy, tDifcretion^ 'Pi^O^ ^^' 1"*^^ ^^^ 
 given us in certain Papers, which had defervedly the great- 
 ell Run of any that had ever been publifh'd till then, and 
 yet the Town knew full well that Precept and Example 
 did not go together. May we not imagine, whatever Father 
 Sctibctirs fays of the Solidity and Beauty of 'Pallavicini^s 
 .Subiefl:, that had a Difcourfc of the Grandeur of modem 
 Epifcopacy lain in the Way of Bifhop 'Timotly and Bifliop 
 ^itiis ; fuch Epifcopacy 1 mean as that oS. Miinjter^ 'Tole- 
 do^ Rteh/iSy ^aris, &c. they wou'd have thonpht it all 
 Romance, and every whit as extravagant as Caftles in the 
 Air. 
 
 All Men are liable to Miftakes and 
 M'lfl^^es and Lapfcs, in the Manner of Thinking j but it 
 Kegligence. is incumbent on fuch as write to avoid them 
 / as much as poffible, and to ftudy the Truth, 
 ■which is only amiable, in all Things. Every one loves the 
 Truth ; and when we read what is true, it is not the Book 
 nor the Author that makes us think it is fo, but fomething 
 we have in our felves fupcriour to the Body and all fen- 
 
 f>bl« 
 
LoGiCK and Rhetoric k, 63 
 
 fible Light, an Impreffion or Reflection of the eternal 
 Light ot Truth. One of the greateft Wits of the laft Age 
 aflures us, when a natural Diicourfe paints a Paffion, we 
 feel in our felves the Truth of what we underfiand, which 
 was there without our knowing it 5 and we are difpos'd to 
 love the Author by whom we felt it, and look upon it as 
 fomething he had fhewn us of our own, and not his, A 
 fine Thought, if it is not fpun too finely. 
 
 It is not fufficient towards right 
 Thinking, that there fliou'd be nothing Trivial Thoughts* 
 falfe in a Thought. Thoughts are fome- 
 times trivial, by the Author's taking too much Care to a- 
 vcid Falfehood. Cicero's Saying of CraJJiis^ which ha« 
 been before quoted, relates to this, Sententite Crajji tamin- 
 tegrcCy 6cc. After he had faid Craffus's Thoughts arc fo 
 foimdy fo true 5 he adds, fo ne-zi\ fo 'unccmmcn ; that is, be- 
 fides the Truth in them, which is always pleafing, there 
 muft be fomething which flrikes and iurprizes 5 not that 
 all ingenious Thoughts ought to be as new as were thofeof 
 CraJJus. It wou'd be a hard Matter to fay nothing but 
 what's new. 'Tis fufficient that Thoughts, in all Writings 
 witty and ingenious, fhou'd not be worn out ; that if the 
 Invention be not entirely new, the Manner of Exprefliion 
 be fo, and the Turn that's given it be uncommon 5 or if 
 fuch a Turn be wanting, there mufl: be fomething in its 
 Place, which raifes both Admiration and Delight. Moft 
 of our Poetry has lately been made up of common 
 Thoughts, without any more Turn than Rhime and 
 Numbers can give them. Our Satyrs, Pancgyrkks, E- 
 piftles, and other Poems, are eternal common Place 5 and 
 now can it be otherwife ? Genius being in a great Mea- 
 fure loft, the Poets muft trade on other Mens Stocks, ha- 
 ving little of their own. 
 
 Here Father Bczihoiirs ends his firft Dialogue, to 
 which the Reader will obferve we have added much out 
 of Englip Authors, and fhall not only make ufe of Fnglifl 
 Authors in the following Parts, but of other ire^/cv!:' Writers, 
 befides the learned Jefuit, whofe Book is the Foundation of 
 0'-:r Work, h\ this Chapter he has warn'd us not to con- 
 found the Pagan and Chriftian Divinity, or one S\flem in 
 Theology with another 5 for that muit neceflarily be con- 
 trary to right Thinking. I have not rr.zt with this Kind of 
 Falfehood fo much, as in a Flay of <S'CtVf.'''(?r;;'s, which was 
 ^fhcr'd into the World by DrydeUy then ^oet iMurect. The 
 5 Scene 
 
64 the ARTS of 
 
 Scene is in Tcrjia^ after it liad been fubjefled to the $ara- 
 cens^ and Haly^ one oi Mabomet'sDi^ciT^ics^ had eftablifli'd 
 his Religion there, which has the heathen Deities in morC 
 Abhorrence than pethaps any other Syftem has, except our 
 own. But Scgcna, the Sophi's, Mother, fwears, as they 
 us'd to do in the Reign ot Ahc.[iienii and Queen Efther^ 
 
 "By the Sun and all the Stars. 
 The PrincefstS'(?;;^jT;;fZ.r fwears alfb, like an antique ^erjian^ 
 
 Sy the bright Throne of Cyrus. 
 Seliman the Sophi, like a good Mahometan^ fwears, 
 
 Sy Haly'j Soul 'tivas Conduclfor a God, 
 
 Another Oath of his is, 
 
 73y Mars tbejivglc Virtue of this j4rm 
 
 There he's a downright Pagan, and at laft he has fome- 
 what of mongrel Chriltianity in him : 
 
 She is, by Hell-pe-is. 
 
 I do not think Mr, Southern is £o much accountable for thefc 
 Faults as the J^aurcat 'M.x.'Drydcn^ by ithofe 'Pen the Poet 
 tells the Duke di KichtmrJ be ■zv/isfccur'd from Criticifm ; 
 but that's a very fraall Security ; and the Guardian, N°. 
 no. contains fo many Criticifms on 2)ryden^s own Plays, 
 that Southern murt defend himfclf as v/ell as he can. The 
 Critick in that Paper rallies Jllvley Moleck in fZ)c/7 Saba- 
 fian, for taking Ovid into his Favour, and talking ofGof' 
 gon's Face, Hydra's Head, T'beb'es,Sacchus born ?n 'Thun- 
 der, SiC. tho' the Pagan Syftcm and Learning were certain- 
 ly much better known to the Moors in "Barbary, which 
 had been a Roman Province, than to the 'Perfick Saracens, 
 The Sophi fays, 
 
 Like Si/lo-iz's at the angry Ncptune'5 Fro-ixn. 
 
 And his Mother Segona is very well acquainted with the 
 Roman Hiftory : 
 
 Then -ivhither ivould your Rage ? 
 Like Tullia, triumph o'er a 'Parent's H^ounds. 
 
 But what the Sophy fpeaks el fe where, fhews us that all 
 (viimates are alike ^ and April Sho-ivers bring forth May 
 Flozvcrs alike at London and iCpahan, 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetorick. 65* 
 
 She^ iioho like April Months jlill ixep andpojie. 
 And then, 
 
 Hotfcald'wg bubbles of defcending Z^iji, 
 As Jupiter ra'ui'd dowji on Danae. 
 
 i?ow^, in his Royal Convert ^ adds the Ro7nan God Hymen 
 to Frige, y T'hoTy and ^utfco^ Saxon Deities ; 
 
 Hymen Jb all join two Hearts. 
 
 And deprives poor Friga of her Divinity, to fet up the Ro^ 
 raan Goddefs U^eniis : 
 
 Wken Venus and the coming Spring invite. 
 
 Artaxerxes the 'Perjian too, in Mr. Rozve's Ambitions Step, 
 mother, pays Homage to the fame Deity, never heard "of 
 in 'Ferjia : 
 
 Fro?n thee, as from the Cyprian J^teen of Love ^ 
 Ambrojial Odours flo-w. 
 
 Tho'Mr. jR.c=:t'ehasmadethefeSh"ps,they are not mentioned 
 to lefTen the Reputation he has juiUy acquir'd by his Tra- 
 gedies, which are not inferiour to the belt of the Moderns: 
 But to fliew that our Englijh Poets have taken too little 
 Care of thinking juftJy, provided they cou'd think finely. 
 Sir ^ohn'Denham, in his Tragedy of the Sophy, makes the 
 King of 'Perjia fay, 
 
 Welcome,^ my Son, as -zvelcorae to thy Father^ 
 As Phcebus ivas to Jove. ' 
 
 Again, 
 
 I'he Vetdans Jlill adore the rijing Siin. 
 
 Which is falfe 3 for the ^erjians then were Mahometans^ of 
 the rigid Se6lof 7/^/)",utter Enemies to all Kinds of Idolatr)'. 
 The old Terfians did worfhip the Sun ; but the TerfiaTis 
 under the Sophies never did, and tho' it is metaphorically 
 fpoken, Itfiill renders it falfe. That the Fault we are 
 treating of is not fo fmall as may be generally imagin'd, 
 appears by what the Writer of the Critical Letter fays to 
 the Guardian, N^. no. " Our Tragedy Writers have been 
 ,* notorioufty defeftive in giving proper Sentiments to the 
 4* Perfons they introduce 5 nothing is more common, than 
 / to hear an Heathen talking of Angels and I)cvils ; the 
 ^ Joys of Heaven, and the Pains of Hell. 1)ryden is in- 
 
 F ♦' deed 
 
66 The AKTS of 
 
 " deed generally wrong in his Sentiments. I might fiiew 
 " fevcrai Faults of that Kind in ??ioJi of his ^Inys^ parti- 
 *' cularly the celebrated Airm:gzebe. The Impropriety 
 " of Thought in the Speeches of the great Mogul arxdi his 
 *' Emprefs, has been generally cenlur'd. Take the Sen- 
 *' timents out of the mining Drefs of Words, and they 
 " would be too coarfe for a Scene at Sillingfgate." That 
 we may take this Gentleman's Word, will be feen by the 
 Character the Guardian gives his Criticifms j T'hey are very 
 jUjl end curious^ which is not true if taken in the general. 
 Can there be any Thing more ridiculous than this Critick's 
 cenfuring tDryden^ for making the Mufti of Africa fpeak 
 of Cardinal Ximenes , whom he will not allow that the 
 Moor cou'd have heard of? His Words are : ^rydeji feems 
 to tlmik he may make every ^erfom /« his ^lay knoiio as 
 much as hijnfelf Now it happens that this fame Mufti 
 muft have known J/VwfWffj much better than fOryiew cou'd • 
 That Cardinal having been at the Head of a Chriftian Ar- 
 my in Africa but twenty Years before 1)071 Sebajlian's'Eyi- 
 pedition thither, at what Time that Moorifh Prieft isfup- 
 pos'd to have liv'd. Ximenes conquer'd the City of Oran^ 
 which is to this Day in Sfanip Hands 3 and it was that 
 very Conquell which flatter'd Don Sebajliaji, King of 'Por- 
 ntgal^ with Hopes of Succefs. Yet the Mufti cou'd ne- 
 ver have heard of the Man's Name. So very ^u]i and cu- 
 riofis^ according to the Guardian^ are the Critick's Re- 
 marks. Wolfey^ another Cardinal that cou'd not be known 
 to the Moor, was contemporary with Ximenes, and a Sort of 
 Tavourite to the Emperor CharlesY. who had aJfo been in 
 Africa^ and a Candidate for the Papacy 3 yet the Pope of 
 Sarhary, who liv'd on the other Side of the Water only^ 
 cou'd not pofTibly have heard of his Name, if the Critick's 
 Remarks are curious and juJl. I cannot help taking No- 
 tice, that the Criticifms in the Tathrs^ Guardians^ Spe^ta^ 
 torszxt a little too common and fuperficial, and not always 
 juft. Thofe on Milton are rather a Colleftion of the 
 JBeauties in the 'Paradife Lofty than an exa6l Criticifm on 
 the Mechanifm of the Poem. Of the fame Kind are the 
 Quotations out of other Poems 3 and it is furely moft Praifc- 
 worthy, that feveral of thofe Poems were written by the 
 Friends of the Writers of thofe Papers, and very often of 
 the Printers. However, in other Speculations they are the 
 mod polite and entertaining of any modern Pieces, perhaps 
 in any modem Language. With this high and jufi Opi- 
 nion 
 
LoGiCK nnd RhetoRick. 6j 
 
 nion of thofe Authors,! mufl be fo free as to obferve, That 
 there is too much Artifice in their Remarks on Writers and 
 their Writings. They feldom meddle with any whofe Re- 
 putation is not well ellablifh'd. Contrary to the Spe6tator\ 
 Obfervation, N°. 291. One great Mark by which you may 
 difcover a Critick, ivho has neither 'Tajle 7ior Learnings ts 
 thiSf that he feldom vetitttres to praife any 'PaJJage in att 
 Author which has not been before received. Whoever is ac- 
 quainted with the TatlerSy Guardians^ and SfeBatcrs^ need 
 not be told, that moft of the Paflages which are prais'd in 
 thofe Papers, were well known before to Mcnof Tafte,tho* 
 they were not become fo common as they have been fince. 
 Among other Infiances of good Policy and good Breeding, 
 is what the SpeBator £a.ysoi P-'sJrt of Criticifm^J^'^. 253^ 
 a Mafler-piece in its Kind^ which contains what is zmcora- 
 mon. Now if there is one Remark in it which is new 
 and of Importance, \ will for the fake of that fubfcribe to 
 it a.s a. Mafier-piece^ whatever Mr. 2)en7iis has fo judicially 
 faid to the contrary. The Verfification is good, and Rules 
 told in Verfe fucceed better than when they are deliver'd 
 in Profe. But to fay any of thofe Rules are uncommon, 
 and what was not known before, is to fay the very Thing 
 in which they are egregioufly deficient. The Poets and 
 Criticks of our Time, for feveral Years together, form'd 
 Cabals and Societies to fupport each other's Reputation. 
 They feem'd to incorporate therafelves, and allow'd none 
 to deal in Criticifm or Poetry that were not free of their 
 Company. They prais'd one another without Meafure, in 
 publick atleaft, andtoflthe Feather from one to t'other, 
 as People do at Shuttlecock. This was the furefl Way to 
 keep their Ground ; but it was a fure Way alfo to pafs 
 falfe Thoughts for true, and Vogue for Merit, when no 
 Body's Word was to be taken but their own. I cou'd ex- 
 plain this by very pleafant Circumftances, were it not to be- 
 tray Converfation, and difturb the Afhes of the Dead. 
 
 F a PART' 
 
68 The ARTS of 
 
 PART II 
 
 That the Jujinejs qfaTHovGut 
 is not of it felf fufficient to ren- 
 der it good. 
 
 ^gff^^g R. U T H is not of it felf enough 
 
 Juftnefs of I^^^^P ^" *^® ^"® ^^^y °^ Thinking 5 
 Thought not ^ TIM ^oJ^ething extraordinary muft 
 fuificient. 8g§ft I^S be added to firike and pleafe 
 Egillb^j the Mind. Truth is to Thought 
 W^UW^Jk^ what the Foundation is to a 
 Building 5 it fupports and renders it folid : But a Building 
 that is folid only, will have nothing in it to give Pleafure 
 to fuch as underlland Architecture. Beiides Solidity there 
 inurt be Grandeur, Beauty, and even Delicacy, or one 
 cannot fay the Houfe is well built. 'Tis the fame in 
 Thoughts : Truth, which pleafes fo much every where 
 elfe without Ornament, requires it here. This Ornament 
 is fometimes nothing elfe but a new Turn that is given to 
 Things, ^eath fparei no'Bcdy. The Thought is true, 
 and too true to our Misfortune ; but it is a very fimple one, 
 and a very common one : Yet as Horace and Malherb have 
 turn'd it, 'tis flriking and fine. 
 
 Pallida Mors arquo pulfat pede pauperum tabernas, 
 Regumque Turres. 
 
 HoR. Lib.i. Od. iv, 
 
 ^ale ^eath^ ivith equal Foot ^ kicks d(rxn 
 *The Tea[ajits Cots and palaces of Kings, 
 
 Malherh gives it another Turn : 
 
 Lc Pauvre en fa Cabane ou le Chaumc Je couvfft 
 
 Eft fujet a fes Loix, 
 JEt la Garde qui veille aux barriercs du Louvre 
 
 N*en defend pas nos Roi:;* 
 
 31'^ 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. ^9 
 
 J'hefoor Man in his hatilmy Cot 
 
 Is pbje£i to his La^xs j 
 i^or can the Guards^ 'who wait 
 
 At Whitehall Gate^ 
 From iDeath defend our Kings. 
 
 Horace's Thought is more figurative and more lively, ac- 
 cording to ^ere Sctihotirs 5 Malherb's more natural and 
 more fine ; and I think the French preferable to the Latin. 
 
 M E N of the belt Tafte, delight moft 
 in Thoughts that Ka\e Elevation and Sublime Thoughts. 
 Sublimity. Grandeur in a Thought is 
 what tranfports and ravifhes, provided it is agreeable to 
 the Subieft ; for it is a {landing Rule to think as the Sub- 
 ject requires j and nothing is more cut of Reafon, than to 
 have fublime Thoughts on a Subjet^i which demands or- 
 dinary Ones : 'Tis better to have ordinary Thoughts on 
 a Subjed: which demands fublime Ones. Longiniis fays, 
 on the Elevation of Thought, That it does not perfuade, 
 but tranfport. iVcw ad perfiiafionem^fed ad fitipore?^ rapnint 
 Grandia. Tere Soiirhozirs makes ufe of the Latin Ver- 
 fion, and not of the original Greek, ^lifitilian fays of 
 the Unreafonablenefs of ufingjtib/ime Thoughts on a Sub- 
 je£l which requires only ordinary Ones 5 A[ermoi:e tenui 
 fnblime difcoraat, fitq-j corr upturn quia in piano ttimet. 
 The fublime does not agree with, but corrupt it by fwell- 
 ing it too much, Lib. 8. c, 3. Longinus mentions a Saying 
 of ^Fim<eus^ who in praifing Alexander has this Expref- 
 fion : He conquer' d all Afia, in much lefs L'nne than Ifo- 
 crates took to 7nake his 'Panegyrick on the Athenians ; 
 which is not fo bad as what Salzac faid in his Letter to 
 La Motte Aigron^ Je metirs^ &c. I ivip 1 7nay dye^ if 
 the leaf, part of the 'Difcourfe youpo-iv'd me^ is not -ivorth 
 more than all the "Dutch have done^ excepting the Prince 
 qf Orange 'j ViEiories. Longinus accufes Tnnccvs for the 
 Puerility and Meannefs of the Comparifon between theKing 
 of Macedon and a Sophift^ and between the Conquefl: of 
 Ajia and an Oration 5 but there is however more Proportion 
 between an illullrious Conqueror, and a famous Orator 5 
 between the EfFeft of Heroick Virtue, and a Mafter-piece 
 of Eloquence, than between the leaft part of a finall Dif- 
 courfe, and ail that a wife and happy Nation had done : 
 For excepting the Prince of Ch'ange*s Victories, fince Sal- 
 zac will have them excepted, to what Height has the Re- 
 
 F 3 publick 
 
70 77jr A R T S (9/ 
 
 pxiblick oi Holland ca.Tty'd their Power by Sea and Land, 
 maugre all the Force and Politicks of Spiii?i I 
 
 However, the Thought of Tiraaiis^ which Longt- 
 niis condemns, is vicious, bccaufe Jfccrates's Pancgyrick 
 had no manner of Relation to Alexander^ Viftories. 
 
 Hermogenes has eftablifh'd feveral 
 De lorm. Or.it. c. 6. Orders and Degrees of noble and 7'aa- 
 jejiick j'/joz'ghts, as he calls them. 
 The firft Order is of thofe that 
 Noble and Majefikk have Relation to the Gods^ and ex- 
 Thoughts, prefs fomething Divine. Thus ac- 
 cording to this Rhetorician's Doctrine, 
 there's a great Deal of Dignity in the Saying of the 
 Greek Father, That CImfiiamty is an Imitation of the 
 divine Life J and of a Latin Father 5 I'hat to love 
 One's Enemies^ is to reveisge One's felf like God ; than 
 wMch nothing can be faid more fine and more grand. 
 Cuero fays fomething like it, Homines ad Tieos nulla rej^rc- 
 fius accedimt qtiam Saline hominibiis dan da: Or at. pro 
 Li gar. Mankind never approach fo near to the Gods in 
 my 'Things as in giving Life to Men. Of the fame Kind 
 is the Thought of Valerius 'Patermlus upon Cato^ Lib. i. 
 Ho'mo Virttiti /imllimnSy per omnia Ingenio 2)iis quaffz 
 Hojiiinibus propior^ qui nmiqiiam reBe fecit ttt facer e vi- 
 dsretur. A Man very nearly refembling Virtue it [elf his 
 Soul in all "Thiiigs ?mre like Gods than Men^ who never 
 did a good Thing, that he might be feen to do to do it. Of 
 the fame Kind alfo is the Thought of Seneca^ upon For- 
 tune's ufing the Virtuous ill : Si magnus Vir cecidit^ mag- 
 mis jacziit : Nc?i magis illnm piites contemni^ quam cum 
 tediiim [acramm niina calcantur ; qiias religioji £qiie ac 
 ftantes adorant. Confolat ad Helviam. If a great Man 
 falls^ His Pall does not lefjen his Greatnefs j ixe have the 
 fame Regard for him^ as for thofe demolifl) d Temples, the 
 Knins of "jchich^ religions Men revere and adore. In this 
 Order, muft be rank'd the famous Thought of Sajinazari'tis 
 on the City of Venice. The Poet feigns, that J<IeptU7ie 
 rifing above the Waters in the Adriatick Sea, and giving 
 Law to the Ocean, addrefles himfelf to Juptery by Way 
 of Infult 5 'Boaf, no-'jc as much as yoiipleafe of your Capitol, 
 and the renonxn'd Walls of your Mars : If yo\xprefer Tyber 
 to the Sea, behold this City^ and you nxill then fay ^ that 
 City 'was kiilt by Men^ and this by Gods, 
 
 Si 
 
LocicK and KHiroKicK. 71 
 
 Si Telctgo Tybrim fraferi iirbem afpice mramqtie : 
 Illara homines dices^ hanc pojfuijj'e 'Deos. 
 
 The Noblenefs of Thought, as Ikrmogenes teaches, 
 arifesalfb from the Nature of the Things, which are hu- 
 man, indeed, but pafs among Mankind for great and il- 
 luftrious, as Power, Generofity, Wifdom, Valour, Vi(So- 
 ries and Triumphs. Ton ham received nothingfrom For- 
 tune^ faid Cicero to Cce[ar^ greater than the To-jfer of 
 ^refervivg the Lives of an infinite Number of Terfo72Sy 
 and nothing better of Nature than the IViU to do it. Nihil 
 Joabet nee Fortiina tiia jnajtis qiiam mfojfis: Nee Natiim 
 tna melius qnara tit velis confervare qunm fliirimos. Orat. 
 pro Ligar. 'Twasfpoken like a God, and human Wit can- 
 not extend farther. All the wafte of Eloquence in the 
 J^'ewc/:? Panegyricks on Leivis XIV, are Chaff in Ccmpari- 
 fons of this folid and beautiful Thought. Velkins 1>ater~ 
 ciiliis, in whofe Hiftory, fome Criticks think, there are 
 many Things more piquant than in Zivy^ fays of the Ro- 
 t/ian Orator : Om?iia incrementaft'.afibi debiiit Vir ingenio 
 waxijniis^ qui efficit ne quorum armA iiicerimvs^ eorum in- 
 genio vinceremur. He oiiM Ms Elevation to hifnfelf only\ 
 and his Genius hindefd the conquered Nations having as 
 much j^dvantage over the Romans as to Wit^as the Romans 
 load over them as to Valour. Se-aeca the elder, faid fome- 
 thing flill more magnificent of Cicero-^ Illud Jngenium quod 
 [ohm ^opilus Romanusfar im;periofao habuit : Controverf. 
 Lib. I. He "jcas the only Roman 'xhofe Wit iv as equal to 
 the Empire. The Virtue of Cato^ gave Occa/lon to many 
 fine Thoughts in the Writings of the Antients. 
 
 Secretofque pios, his dantem jura Catonem. JEneid. 8vo, 
 
 Jipart from thefe^ the hafpy Souls he dra^j-s^ 
 
 And Gate's holy Ghofi difpencing Laivs. 
 Holy Shade had probably been better, confidering how 
 that other Term is appropriated in the Chriftian Syftem. 
 Horace fays of Cato : 
 
 Et cun6ta terrarum Subadla 
 Prseter atrocem animum Catonis. 
 
 ^he ivhole World but Gate's Sotil^ 
 
 Fierce and Witamsiible^ isfubdu'd. 
 
 F 4- yirgi 
 
 ;z 
 
7^ The ART S of 
 
 Virgil and Hcrcce^ Thoughts arc in the main equally 
 noble 5 for it is as glorious to be at the Head ot nonelt 
 Men, giving them Laws, as to be the only Man that re- 
 fus'd to fubmit to the Conqueror of the World. But if 
 ue judge by Appearance, there is more Elevation, and 
 more Majefiy in Horacth Thought than in Vrrgil's. I will 
 not pretend to determine, whether they both fpeak of the 
 fame Cato. 'Tis certain, Hm'cice means Cato of Uiica^ and 
 fo probably does Virgil., becaufe in the preceeding Verfe 
 he mentions Catilijie^ which could have no Relation to 
 Cato the Elder. 
 
 A N antient Poet, a great Imitator oiVirgil, has a very 
 noble Thought upon Hannibal^ whom 'twas propos'd to 
 attack while was at a Feaft : Ton itill decei'ue your 
 felf, faid a Citizen of CaJ^zia to the young Man who had 
 form'd fo bold a Defign, Jf you thmk to pnti Hannibal at 
 ^ahie di^arra\iy the Majejly mith isohich he's cloath'd, and 
 ivhich never leaves hini 5 ^Jthe Alajejiy he has acqtiir^d by 
 fo mavy 'Battles a7id ViBones^ ivill Jtand Jfan inftead of a 
 Shield and a S'vcord ; // thou doft approach him, thoit 
 Kiiill be fiirpris'd to fee around him the battles of 
 Canna;, Trebia, and Thrafymene, nicith the Ghoft of 
 the great Paulus. Wonderfully grand. Fallit te menfas 
 mter quod credis inennera. Tot bellis quafita Viro^ tot 
 Cesdibiis armat Majefas teterna diicein : Si ad?/ioveris Gra 
 Cannas ^ Trebiam ante ocnlos. l^rafymenaqiie btifta^ Et 
 ^aidi ft arc ingentem ?mraberis Umbram. Sil. Ital. 
 
 One of the moft celebrated French Orator's of the 
 Jaft Age, made ufe of the fame Thought in a large 
 Poem, fpeaking of the great Prince of Condeh never being 
 alone in the moft folitary Walks o^ Chant illy : The Images 
 of Rocroy^Lens, Friburgh, Norli7!guen,Senef prefent them- 
 felves every where before you, and you fancy you fee the 
 GKofts of the Generals of the Armies you have routed. 
 Another Poet fpeaking of the Batde ofFolhuys, after the 
 Paflage of the Rhine fays 5 
 
 Qua ruis, exanimcs fugiunt fine vulnere turmjc 
 Multa Oculis Norlingua & Lentia multa recurfat. 
 
 ^he Enemies /^fw away half dead at his Approach with" 
 mt a Wound: 1'hey had Korlinguen and F r i- 
 B u R c H, ever before their Eyes. In the Poem St. Lotus ^ 
 the Poet, fpeaking of two Bodies of the A rmy fent from 
 Qreece^iz^^: One would have thought, they had defcendcd 
 
 from 
 
LoGicK a^d Kn^roKicK. 73 
 
 from thofe antient Greeks, who made themfclvcs Mafters 
 of j^Jut, and obtained thefc famous Vif^lories of 'T/jeymo- 
 py and ArbeU : 
 
 De ces Peres faraeux \es Noms Si. la Memoire, 
 
 Qui combattent encore, Si regnent dans 1' Hiftoire, 
 
 Leur infpirent un air de gloire Si de Valeur: 
 
 Leur remittent j^ttene Si. S^.irte dans le coeur j 
 
 Et pour mot au marcher, p.ir leur rang Si leur Files, 
 
 On n' entend refonner qn' AYbeik Si J herino^iki, 
 
 'The Ndf72es and Mcazcry of thcfe famous FMhers^ 
 
 Who combat jliU and reign in llijlory, 
 
 Jiifinfi them --xith an Air cf Glory and cf Valour : 
 
 Athens ani Sparta //; their Souls rCvro'd, 
 
 And -when they march\i, the Wrd tlro^ all their Ranks^ 
 
 Wasfiill Arbela and Thermopiije. 
 
 ^lintilian fays, Ceefar has fo much Vehemence in his 
 Writing, fo much Vivacity, fo much Fire, that he leems 
 to fpeak with the fame Air, and the fame Strength, with 
 which he fought, Tanta in eo vis eft ^ id acumen^ ea conci- 
 tatio^ tit ilium eodera animo videattir dixijje quo bellavit^ 
 Lib. X. c. I. C<efar had an admirable Talent for Eloquence} 
 but it is faid of him, he had rather conquer Men than per- 
 fwade them, and that he conquer'd only to have the Glory 
 of pardoning. C/c^ro fpeaks more nobly, ^Tis not necejjary 
 to have the Alps for a ^Defence againfi the Gauls, Jio'r the 
 Rhine againjt the Germans : Jf the Mountains ivere le- 
 vell'd, and the dee^eft Rivers dry\i ?//, Italy "jcoiild have 
 nothing to fear. The glorious ABions^ and the ViBcries 
 of C«far, "joQiild defend her better than all the Ramparts 
 ivith which Nature has fortify'd her. 'Perfecit ille nt Ji 
 inontes refediffent, amnes exaruijfent, non Nature^ pr<efidio^ 
 fed ViBoria fua rebufque gefiis Italiam miinitam habere- 
 imis. Con. Pifo. Vellems 'patercuMS fays of Pomfey^ Ut 
 frimiim ex Africa, iterum ex Europa, tertio ex Ada tri- 
 ttmpharet^ ^ quot Partes terrarum Orbisfttnt, totidemfa- 
 ceret mmmmenta Vi6icri<e fu(€ ^ He triumphed firfi in A- 
 frica, then in Europe, then in Afia, as if he was to have as 
 many Monuments of his ViBories as there are Parts of the 
 World. Valer. Max. fpeaking of Pompey\ Reception of 
 Tisanes King of Armenia., after he had routed him, 
 fays: In priflimrra Fortujice habitum reflituit : £que puU 
 chnim effe pidicans^ ^ vincere Reges ^ facere ; He re- 
 fiofdbira to his former Fortune^ reckoiting it as glorious to 
 
 make 
 
74 'Ihe ARTS of 
 
 wake Kings^ as to conquer them. Mutian in Tacitus pre- 
 fers the Giving an Empire to the Obtaining of one, the 
 making Vefpafiati Emperor, to taking the Empire him- 
 felf : But 'tis rather the Sentiment of the Hiftorian than of 
 the Heroe. 
 
 There arc many noble Thoughts in Mr. Rowers Ta- 
 merhfiey one of the beft Tragedies that ever was written, 
 ancient or modern. The King fpeaks, 
 
 Ob, Axalla ? 
 Could I forget I ara a Ma72, as thott art. 
 Would not the Winter's Cold, or Surnraer's Heat^ 
 Sich2efs or 'Thirfi ■> and Hunger, all the Iram 
 Of Nature^ s clamorous Jppetites, ajjerting 
 An equal Right in Kings and coriimon Men^ 
 Reprove me daily ! No, If I boafi of ought, 
 Se it to have been Heamn's happy Injtriunent ; 
 ^he Means of Good to All my Fello'jo Creatures, 
 This is a King's bejl ^raife. 
 
 Every one knows Mr, Rowe drew the Picture of King ^F//- 
 liar/z, of ever glorious Memory, in his Tamerlane, And how 
 agreeable are the Sentiments to the Chara(fler ? Tamerlane 
 to Sajazet : 
 
 Why Jlept the Thundery 
 
 T'hatjhoitld have arm'd thy Idol Deity, 
 
 And given thee'Po-w'r, 'ere yejler Sun 'wasfet. 
 
 To pake the Soul of Tamerlane / Hadfi thou an Arm 
 
 To make thee fear' d, thoujhou'djt have prov'd it on me, 
 
 Amidjl the Sweat and Slood of yo?ider Field, 
 
 When, thro' the Tumult of the War I fought thee, 
 
 Fenc'd in with Nations. 
 
 Of this Kind is the Comparifon in his Ulyffes : 
 
 i So the Eagle, 
 
 That bears the Thunder of our Grandfire Jove, 
 With Joy beholds his hardy youthful Offspring 
 Forfake the Neji to try his tender (Piniofis 
 In the wide nntra^l Air, till bolder grown. 
 Now like a Whirlwind, on the Shepherd's Fold^ 
 He darts precipitate, and gripes the Trey j 
 Or fixing onfome Dragon's fcaly Hide, 
 Mager ^Combat, and his future Feafi, 
 
 ^ears 
 
LoGicK and Rhetoric k. 75* 
 
 ,Sears hira aloft rehiBant^ and in vain 
 'Writhijig Ms fpiry 'Tail. 
 
 This Comparifon is not fo improper as thofe are, which 
 
 arc made in the Heighth of Paffion. Ulyjjes^s 
 
 Joy is fedate and contemplative, capable of Simiksiu 
 
 nmilating the Courage of his Son with that of 'Pajjion. 
 
 the Eagle's young One. But Similes made in 
 
 the Height of Grief, when the Soul is in a State of Dif- 
 
 traftion, and fenfible of Nothing but the Subjeft of its 
 
 Sorrow, are unnatural and monftrous. The Duke of Suck- 
 
 ijigham has eflTeflually expos'd this Folly in the Rehearsal: 
 
 So Soar a?id Sow^ 'when any Storm is 72igby 
 Snuff" up andfmell it^ Sic. 
 
 Mr. Ro^jce had laugh 'd at it often in Mr. Sayes^ and yet 
 he is extreamly guilty of it himfelf: Lavinia^ in the Fair 
 *Pemtent^ in the Bitternefs of Diflrefs goes ofF with a Si- 
 mile and a Rhime : 
 
 So lichen the Merchant fees his Vejfel hft^ 
 Tho^ richly freighted^ &c. 
 
 Rodognne^ in the ^(ypal Convert ^ in the utmoft Impatience 
 of Soul : 
 
 S>ifby Chairs the Eaglets noble Offsping. 
 
 I^nmont^ Jane Sbore^s Husband, fpeaking in an Extream 
 of Tendemefs to his Wife : 
 
 So ixhen the Spring renezvs the floixi'ry Field^ 
 
 There wou'd be no End of it to repeat what we meet 
 with of this Kind in other Englip Tragedies, where very 
 fine Thoughts are loft for want of Judgement in the Ufe 
 of them. Either Mr. 1)ryden has done Virgil great Wrong 
 in his Tranflation, or Mr. Ro-u'e's Eagle is much fuperiour 
 to Virgil's: 
 
 So Jleeps the yelh-jo Eagle from on high^ 
 And hears afpeckled Serpent thro' the Sky^ 
 Faflning his crooked 'Talons on the ^Prey^ 
 The Prifoner hiffes thro' the liquid Way ; 
 Refifts the Royal Ha-wk^ andtho* opprefl^ 
 She fights in Volumes ^ and ereCfs her Crefi 5 
 
 * Tvcin\i 
 
76 The kVir S of 
 
 ^-xin^d to her Foe^ fie ft i fens ev'ry Scale ^ 
 jindfioots her forky 'Tongue ^ and "johhki her threat- 
 mvg Tatl. 
 
 The yello-zv Eagle j the freckled Serpent j the hijjlng and 
 the lubisking are not like, 
 
 J^ow like a Whirlwind on the Shepherd's Fold^ 
 He darts precipitate^ &c. 
 
 One can never enough admire this noble Thought m Milton ' 
 
 'J'ben crowned again ^ their golden Harps they took^ 
 Harps ever tun'd, that glittering by their Side 
 Like ^livers hung^ and ■itith ^Preamble fweet 
 Of charming Symphony they introduce 
 'J'he [acred Song^ and -waken Raptures high, 
 A/b One exempt, no Voice, but 'well could joyn^ 
 Melodious 'Part, fiich Concord is in Heaven. 
 
 Shakefpear often thinks very nobly, as in Henry Yth; 
 
 'This is the State of Maji, to 'Day he puts forth 
 'J'he tender Leaves of Hopes 5 to Morrow bloffoms 
 And bears his bluftmig Honours thick upon htm : 
 The third Day comes a Prof, a killing Froft, 
 Jind when he thinks, good eafy Man, full furdy^ 
 His Greatnefs is a rip7iing, nips his Root, 
 And then he falls as I do. 
 
 This o^ Dry den agrees with the Subjefl : 
 
 Thus born alike from Virtue, fir ft began 
 'The Difference that diftingiiifto'd Man from Man 5 
 Hs claim'' d no Title jrora Defcent of 'Blood, 
 'But that which made him Noble, made him Good. 
 lVarm\i with tmre 'Particles of Heavenly Flame, 
 He winged his upward Flight, and foar'd to Fame. 
 
 . Milton is fo full of noble Thoughts that we can not look 
 into his Paradice Loft without meeting them. How noble 
 and how lovely is his Image of the Creation ? 
 
 Ifaw the Sirth 
 
 Of Nature, from the unapparent Deep. 
 If aw, when, at his Word, this form lefts Mafs^ 
 The World's 7naterial Mould, came to a Heap. 
 Confufion heard his Voice. 
 
 Milton. 
 
LoGiCK ^zw^ Rhetor I CK. 77 
 
 Milton^ tho' he had little Benefit of the Sutiy being blind, 
 yet he never fpeaks of that great Luminary but with a 
 Sort of Tranfport, as if the Lofs of it had endear'd it to 
 him ftill the more, and the Remembrance of what it was, 
 ftill living in his Soul, had improv'd his Idea's of it by 
 frequent Contemplation ; 
 
 7'hen of Cekjlial Sodies^ firjl the Stin^ 
 
 A mighty Sphere hefram'd: tmligbtfime firft^ 
 
 I'ho^ of ethericJ Mold, Heforn/d the Moon 
 
 Globofe, and every Magnitude of Stan ; 
 
 Of Light by far the greater 'Part he took^ 
 
 Tranfplamed from her cloudy Shrine^ and f he'd 
 
 In the Slinks Orh^ made porous to recewe 
 
 Jind drink the liquid Lights firm to retain 
 
 Her gathefd Seams. Great Palace now of Light! 
 
 Hither^ as to their Fozmtain^ other Stars 
 
 Repairing in their Golden Urns drew Light : 
 
 u4nd hejice the Aloming Planet gilds her Horns i 
 
 Firjl in his Eajl the glorious I^amp wasfeen^ 
 
 Regent cf 2)ay, and all th^ Horizon rotmd^ 
 
 Invejled with bright Rays. 
 
 Let us run thro' all Antiquity, and fee if we can find fuch 
 a noble Image as this : 
 
 Hither^ as to their Fountain, other Stars 
 Repairing, in their Golde^i Urns drew Light : 
 And hence the Morning Planet gilds her Horns. 
 
 In another Place : , 
 
 Ohy Sun of this great World ^ both Eye and Soul. 
 
 Again, 
 
 Ohy thou I that with fiirpaffwg Glory crowned, 
 LoolCjlfrom thy file ^Jomimon like the God 
 Of this great World, at whofe Sight all the Stan 
 Hide their diminip'd Heads. 
 
 Again, 
 
 I'he Golden Sun in Splejidour iikejl Heaven^ 
 Aloof the vulgar Coiiftellations thick, 
 That from his Lordly Eye keep Uiftance diie^ 
 ^i^pences Light from far. They as they imve 
 Their ft arry Dance, in isumbsrs that ampute 
 
 Days, 
 
78 The ARTS of 
 
 ^ays^ Months^ and Tears^ iow'rds his alUcheartng 
 
 Lamp. 
 ^itrnf'-jcijt their various Motiojis, cr are turned 
 Sy his magnet ick Yearns that gently ivarm 
 ^he Umverfe. 
 
 How Great and how New are all thefe Thoughta 
 on a Subjcd the mod common, becaufe the moft vifibJe of 
 of any under the Sttn ? Whofe Glories have been a Temp- 
 tation to many a Mufe to finge her Wings in his Etherial 
 Fire. Milton always maintains the Majetty of Thought on 
 fo majeflick a Subjeft. Coixley in the following Verfes be- 
 gins well, but docs not keep on fo 
 
 Mark hoiv the lufty Stinfahites the Springy 
 
 jind gently kijjes every 'Thing : 
 His loving Seams iinlock each maiden Floiio*r^ 
 Search all the Treafure, all the Sweets devour. 
 
 Then on the Earth loith 'Bridegroom Heat^ 
 
 He dies Jim ne--x Flo-ivers beget. 
 
 Is not this triffling, in Comparifon with MiltOJi^s Thoughts ; 
 and how different is this Image from that even of the Devii 
 lying on the burning Lake ! Book I. 
 
 Thiis Satan talking to his nearejl Matey 
 With Head uplift above the JVave^ and Eyes 
 That fparkling blaz^d^ his other ^arts befide 
 ^rone on the Flood extended^ long and large, 
 
 Zay floating many a Rood 
 
 Forthwith tiprighthe reersfrom off the 'Pool 
 
 His mighty Stattire^ on each Hand the Flames 
 
 2)riv^n backzvards,Jlcpe their poiiiting Spires and ro-wPd 
 
 In Sillo-zvSy leave i'tJf 7nidjf a horrid Vaky 
 
 Then laith expanded Wings he fleers his Flight 
 
 Mofty incumbent en the dusky Jir^ 
 
 That feels tmtifual Weighty till on dry Zand 
 
 He light Sy if it were Land that ever burnd 
 
 With folid as the Lake -ivith liquid Fire. 
 
 I N the Beginning of the Fourth Book of Tajfoh Gierii- 
 fallemmey the 2)6"^// holds a Synod, as Satan in the Tan- 
 d(£monmm^ Book I. of Taradice Lofl : 
 
 3 TaCfoj 
 
LoGicK and Rhetorick. 79 
 
 Tap: 
 
 About their prince each took his wonted Sear, 
 
 On thrones red hot ibuilt of hiirniiig Srafs, ^ 
 
 Pluto in middefl heav'd his Trident great^ 
 
 Of rufiy Iron huge that forged was^ 
 
 T'he Rocks on which the Salt Sea Si/lows beat, 
 
 And Alas top the Clouds in Height that fafi 
 
 Compafd to his huge Terfon^ Mole-hills be^ 
 
 So his rough Profit^ his JIor?2S fo lifted be. 
 
 F A I R P« 
 
 He makes a true Devil of him, with Horns and a rufly 
 Iron Prong. Let us now fee 
 
 Milton 
 
 -> He above the Refl^ 
 
 Jn Shape a7id Gefiure proudly Bmifient, 
 Stood like a Tower. His Form had yet not lofi 
 All her original ^rightnefs^ nor appeafd 
 Zefs than Archangel ruin% and tF Excefs 
 Of Glory obfcured. As when the Sun new rijen. 
 Looks thro' the horizontal mijly Air^ 
 Shorn of his Seams. 
 
 Tajfo again : 
 
 The Tyrant projid frowfi'd frojn his lofty Cell, 
 And with his Looks made all his Monfers tremble ; 
 His Eyes that full of Rage a?2d Venom [well. 
 Two 'Beacons feem^ that Men to Arms affcmble-j 
 Hisfehred Locks that on his Sofor/2 felly 
 On rugged Mowitains^ Briers and Thorns refembk. 
 His foaming Mouthy that foamed clotted Blood , 
 Gap^d like a Whirl-pool Tide in Stygian Hood. 
 
 F A I R F. 
 
 Milton : 
 
 - Ab&ve them all tW Arch-angel^ but his Face, 
 Tieep fears of Thunder had iiitrencJj' d, and Cure 
 Sate on his faded Cheek, but under Brows 
 Of datintlefs Courage, a?zd confiderate Tride, 
 Waiting Revenge, 
 
 T^JJ'o: 
 
8o The AKTS of 
 
 Tap: 
 
 —-^Cf the wfenour lievih^ 
 With ugly ^a-'xs fome tramfk on the Green ; 
 So772e gna'w the Snakes that on their Shoulders crawl, 
 j^nifome their forky Tails Jtretch forth on high^ 
 And. tear the t-ixinkling Stars frora trembling Sky. 
 
 To fay nothing of the trarapling on the Green^ and p-vcink' 
 ling Stars, how fhort does this Image come of Milton^s : 
 
 Millions of Sfirits for his Fault amerced 
 
 Of Heav'n, aiid front eternal Splendors flung 
 
 For his Revolt. 
 
 Their Glory 'withered, as 'when Heaven's Fire., 
 
 Hathfcath'd the Forcji Oaks, or Mountains (Pines^ 
 
 Withfinged Top, their ftately Growth tho' bare 
 
 Stands on the blafted Heath. 
 
 Father Souhcttrs mentions Tajfoh Thought on Lu- 
 cifer's Speech to the Devils, in favour of the Sarafin Ar- 
 my, where he puts them in Mind of the Battel, they had 
 had with the Hofts of Heaven : 
 
 Fummo (io no'l nego) in quel conflitto vinti 
 Pur non manco Virtute al grand penfiero 
 Hebbero i piu felici allor Vittoria, 
 Rimafe a noi d' invitto ardir la Gloria. 
 
 J grant we fell on the 'Phlegrtean Green ^ 
 Tet good cur Caufe '-xas, tho\oiir Fortune nought. 
 For Chance affijleth oft th'' ignobler Tart 5 
 We loft the Field, yet left we not our Heart. 
 
 Thus Satan in the Taradice Loft : 
 
 His utmoft 'Fow'r, with adverfe Tow^r opposed 
 Fii .dubious 'Battel on the 'Plains of Heaven, 
 Jndftjcck his Throne, What thd" the Field be loft I 
 All is not loft, th' unconquerable Will, 
 And ftudy of Revenge, immortal Hate, 
 And Courage never to fubmit or yield^ 
 And what is elfe not to be overcome. 
 That Glory never ftmll, his Wrath or Might 
 Extort from me, to bow and fiiefor Grace^ 
 With [uppli ant Knee, and deify his Tow'r, 
 Who from the Terrour of thii Arm fo late, 
 doubted his Fmpire. 
 
 J 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. 8i 
 
 The French Jefuit commends 1'ajfo for an infinite 
 K"umber of fublime Thoughts, which in Comparifon v^itK 
 MiUon^s are of no more Value than T'mfel compar'd with 
 Gold^ as Soikau calls it the Clmquant de Talfo 1^ /' Or de 
 Virgil. If Virgil's Gold is fo much preferable to "■TaJJ'o's 
 Tinfel, what murt Milton's be, who for the Subliine ex- 
 cels Virgil more than Virgil excels I'a/Jo. The Death of 
 j^rgai2tes in the Opinion of Father 'Boiibmin is as nobly 
 Thopght, as that o^Tl'Jto about his War in Heaven : 
 
 Impatiente, ineflbrabil, fero, 
 Ne 1' Arme infaticabile & invitto, 
 D' ogni Dib fprezzator, e che ripone^ 
 Ne la Spada, fua legge e fua ragione. 
 
 Inexorable^ impatitnt and fierce^ 
 Invincible in Jirms^ and indefatigable^ 
 Heaven he defies^ and places in his S-word^ 
 'The Reajon and the Laix\ 
 
 Jirgatites was kill'd by Tancred^ whom he threatens as he's 
 dying, and wou'd appear to be the Conqueror : 
 
 E vuol morendo, anco parer non vinto. 
 
 He wou'd not only feem not to be vanquifli'd, but to be the 
 Viftor; as the General of the Samniies^ who according to 
 Velleius 'Paterctilus^ look'd more like a Conqueror than a 
 dying Man, Tekfimis [emiamims reperrus 6(1, virions 
 magis quam morie^itis viiltum frcej'erens. Taj]o has a Say- 
 ing ftill more bold of another Saracen : 
 
 E morto anco minaccia. 
 
 Dead as he is, the Barbarian threatens the Ghriflians, that 
 is a threatning Air remain'd on his Countenance: FoOYUS 
 fays much the fame of thofe brave Soldiers, who did not 
 loie Hold of their Enemies after their Death, nor let their 
 Swords drop out of their Hands 5 ^lidam hoflUnis j'uis ir,j^ 
 morttii 5 omnmm in manibits enfes ^ reli'^ci" in vultibus 
 mincff. Thus alfo Sahifi of Catiline : Catilina long-} a p.ns 
 inter hoflium cadavera repertus ejl 5 panliilnm ettam Spi- 
 ranSy fcrccianiqne animi quam habuerat v'vus, in- viutu 
 retifiens. That his Corpfe was found far in among the 
 Enemy. The Breath not quite out of his Body, and there 
 appear'd in his Look the fame Fiercenefs of Soul as when 
 he was living, 
 
 G I can- 
 
8i The ARTS c/ 
 
 I cannot part with 'Tajfo without comparing an Image 6^ 
 his with one of Spencefs^ on a like Occafion. 
 
 Taflb. High on the Sold an'; Helm enanieV d laiil 
 
 Ad hideous 'Dragon arrn'd --with many a Scnle, 
 With Iron Ta-ivSy and leathern Wings difplayd. 
 Which t-joijied on a Knot her forked -lail 5 
 With tripple Tongue^ it feem'dpe hi ft and braid 'y 
 Aboiit her Jaivs the Froth and Venom trail j 
 And asjhe (lirr'd^ and as his Foes her hit^ 
 So Flames to cafty and Fires fie feem'd tofpit. 
 
 Spencer. His haughty Helmet horrid all with Gold^ 
 
 2ioth glorious ^rightnefs and great Terrottr bredy 
 For all the Creft^ a Dragon did cnfcld^ 
 With greedy 'pazvSy and over all did fpread 
 His golden Wings, his dreadful hideous Head, 
 Clofe couched on the Sever feem''d to throw 
 Fnm fiaming Mouth bright Sparkles fiery red, 
 'That ftidden Horrour to faint Hearts did pew^ 
 Andfcaly "Tail --xas ftretch\i a doison his 'Back full 
 Love. 
 
 spencer again, very nobly ; 
 
 Js this the Joy of Arms ! Se thefe the Tarts 
 Of glorious Knighthood., after Slocd to thirft. 
 And not regard due Right and juft Deferts, 
 Vain is the Vaunt^ and ViBory 2injuft. 
 
 A SpanifiJ Author fpeaking of the Death of the Duke 
 de 'Bourbon y who was kill'd before Rome^ writes thus, 
 Aunque le qui to el ferpero un [oh ptinto non le pudo qui- 
 tar la mag^ianimidad y vigor en tanto que el cuerpo tenio 
 fentimento ; His Courage did not leave him a Moment ; his 
 Soul "JMS ftill firm, fti II intrepid, as Img as there was any 
 Warmth and Senfe left in his 'Body. A Frejich Poet faid 
 of his Country Men : 
 
 Animoque fupcrfunt 
 Jam prope poft animam 
 
 Their Courage does ahnoft outlive them. The p'aying upon 
 Animo and Animam has there a happy EfFeft, it being na- 
 tural and unaffected. Fhrus did not give the Gauls, or 
 old French, fo good a Charafler, Siciit primus itnpetv.s eis 
 major quam virorum eft, it a fequens minor qiiam fozjnina- 
 i rum : 
 
LoGlCK ^^^ Rhetorick. 83 
 
 niffi: they are atfirjl more than Men in Sanely hutafter- 
 fwards kfs than Women. 
 
 I have inferted the Original of ^ajfo^ when Father 
 ^ouhours has done it^ where I have quoted him my felf, 
 1 make ufc of Fairfaxes Tranflation, which is fine in fome 
 Places, notwithttanding the Numbers and Language are 
 a little antique, and he very often does Injuftice to his 
 Author, as here : 
 
 I gradi prlmi, 
 Piu meritar che confequir defio 5 
 Ne, pur che me la mia virtu fublimi, 
 ,Di Icettri akezza invidiar degg* io. 
 
 Homun acquired by Merits I dejire^ 
 'To Greatnefs only hy 2)efert afpire ; 
 j^nd if by iiirtuotis j^HioJiS I can rife^ 
 S:epers and Cro-ivns 'without tho-a I def^ife, 
 
 Fairfax : 
 
 7)egrees, qmth he^ cf Honmrs high to hoU^ 
 J 'would themfirjl dejerve and then defire^ 
 And "were my Valour fiich as you have told, 
 Would I for that to higher 'Place affire. 
 
 *Twas faid of King William : 
 
 —— He thought it mere Reno-ncn 
 'Ho merit than fojfefs a Crown. 
 
 Mr. 'Prior, of the fame great King in his Cami. S$c. 
 
 Firm by his Side^ mifpotted Honour fiood, , 
 'Pleased to confefs Him^ not fo Great as Good; 
 His Head with brighter 'Beams fair Virtue deck'd^ 
 Than thofe, which all his numerous Crowns refle6l : 
 Fflablijh'd Freedom clafd her joyful Wings, 
 Proclaimed the Firfi of Men, and Sefi of Kifigs. 
 
 The fame Poet, in Verfes prefented to- his Majefly in 
 
 Holland : 
 
 Tour [acred Aid religious Monarchs owny 
 When firfi they merit, then afcend the Throne : 
 Sut Tyrants dread ycu, lefi your jufi T>ecree, 
 Transfer the Pow^r andfet the People free, 
 
 G 2 Cou'd 
 
84 The ARTS of 
 
 Cou'd one have imaginM that a Man, who thought fo jufl» 
 ly, wou'd have been a Tool to a Miniilry, who were 
 Tools to thofe very Tyrants ! 
 
 The following; Vcrfes of a French Poet, are probably 
 copy'd from '/ajjo's. The Author introduces the Prince 
 of CcKde fpeakingof himfelf very handfome Things, with 
 a true French Air, which I wonder Father Soukoun took 
 fo much Pleafure in. 
 
 J'ay le Cocur comme le Naiflance, 
 J'ay porte dans les Yeux un feu vif Scbrillant 5 
 
 J'ay de Ja Foy, de la Conftance, 
 Je fuis prompt, je fuis fier, genereux & vaillant, 
 
 ■Rien n' ell- comparable a ma Gloire : 
 Le plus fameux Heros qu' on vante dans T Hifloire, 
 
 Ne me le fcauroit difputer. 
 Si je n'ay pas une couronne, 
 
 C'eft la Fortune, qui la donnej 
 11 fuffit de la meriter. 
 
 ]\jy Courage like my 'Birth is Great ^ 
 J carry Firs and Lajlre in my Eyes, 
 
 Faithful I am and Conjlant^ 
 Miive^ Generous and Valliant. 
 
 Nothing is comparable to my Glory. 
 Heroes in Hijiory ?noJi renozai'd. 
 
 Cannot difpute the 'Prize -ivith me. 
 Jf I have not a Croiim^ 
 ^Tis Fortune's Gift 5 enough that I deferve it. 
 
 MucK better is what Chrijlina Queen of S-weden faid ift 
 a Letter flie wrote to the King of Poland^ after raifing 
 the Siege of Vienna. lo non le invidio il fuo regfio^ ne 
 quant i tefcri efpcglie ella 5' aqtnjlo : io in'vidiofolo a V. M. 
 le fue fetiche^ e li fuoi pericoli : io invidio il bel titolo di 
 Jiiberatorc della Cl.riilianita^ il gtifto di dare ogni hora la 
 vita e la liberta a fanti sfcrtunati de gl' amici e nemici^ 
 i quail devono a lei la liberta la inra lore. " I don't 
 *' envy you your Kingdom, nor the Treafures nor Spoils 
 *' you have taken. I envy only yohr Majefty's Fatigues 
 *' and i^erils. I envy you the glorious Title of Deliverer 
 *' of Chrillendom. I envy you the Pleafure of having 
 " given Li^o and Liberty to many miferable People both 
 " Friends and Enemies, who owe to you both Liberty 
 \ and Life." ^^ffo thinks very finely in the fifth Book, 
 
 where 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. 85 
 
 where Rinal.io having kill'd Prince Gemando in a Duel, 
 is threatned to be try'd for it ; inllead of fubmitting to 
 Military Difcipline, and the Orders of the General, he 
 vindicates the Aftion and fmiles at their Mtsnaces : 
 
 Sorrife alhor Rinaldo, e con un volto 
 
 In cui tra'l rifo lampeggio lo fdegno, 
 
 Difenda fua ragion ne ceppi invclto, 
 
 Chi fervo e, difle, o d' alVcr fervo e degno 
 
 Libero e nacqui, e viffi, eraorro fciolto : 
 
 Pria che man porga o piede a laccio indegno 
 
 Ufa a la fpada e quelta deftra Si ufa 
 
 A le palme, e vil nodo ella ricufa. 
 
 PFith that a bitter Smik, well might yon fee^ 
 
 Rinaldo cafi nvith Scorn ami high Dipiain, 
 
 Zet them in Fetten plead their Caiife, quoth he^ 
 
 I'hat are bafe Teafams born offervik Stain^ 
 
 J ixas free bor/i^ I live and will dye free 
 
 Sefore thefe Feet be fetter' d in a Chain j 
 
 ^hefe Hands were made topakeparpSfearsandSwordSy 
 
 Not to be ty\i in Gyves a?2d twifted Cords. 
 
 F AIRF. 
 
 T H E Italian is more nobly exprefs'd than the Englijb^ 
 but the alternate Jingle of the Stanza-Rhirae feems to 
 take away much of the Noblenefs of Thought. It is 
 great pity Spencer fell into that Way of Verfilying, and ve- 
 ry odd, that after it had been fo generally and jullly con- 
 demn'd, a Poet in our Time fliou'd think to acquire Me- 
 rit by imitating it. The Ruff and the Fardingale might as 
 well be reviv'd in Drefy, as the long Stanza in Poetry, 
 where the Senfe is fetter'd up in eight or ten Lines more 
 than Rinaldd's Hands and Feet were like to be. A Man 
 of great Note, who was extreamly deiirous to fee a new 
 Verfion of Ariofto a few Years a"o, oblisr'd the Perfon he 
 wou d have put upon ic to imitate the Stanza ot Spencer^ 
 which the Tranflator was fo foon weary of, that he gave 
 off after two or three Stanza's 5 and whoever will make the 
 fame Tryal, will as foon give over, if he has any Ear 
 and Genius. 'Twas finely faid of Arraida to Godfrey when 
 fhe implor'd Succour of him : 
 
 Tu cui concefle il Cielo e dielri in fa to. 
 Voler il giuilo, e peter cio che vuoL 
 Tkou who dojl all thou wipefl, at thy Will, 
 And^ ne^:er willeji otigbt but what is Right. 
 
 G 3 A Thought 
 
26 The ARTS cf 
 
 A Thought like this is in the Panegyrick on Saint Zotlis. 
 True Greatnefs does not conflfl in doing what one wou'd, 
 but in willing what one ought. Za vraye grandeur ne 
 confifie pas a faire tout ce que P 'uetity jnais a vouloir 
 tone ce que I* on doit. One of the Soldan^ Ambafladors, 
 who were fent to put him off from the Siege o{ yerufaler/?, 
 has a noble Thought in 'TaJ/b : 
 
 E fe ben aquiflar puoi novi imperi : 
 Aquiftar nova gloria indarno fperi. 
 
 j^nd tbo* 7iew Realras you may to Thraldom brings 
 No higher can your ^raije your Glory [pring. 
 
 Tis nobly faid of Godfrey to Altamor^ who yielded him- 
 felf a Prifoner to him in tlie Battel, and offer'd him all 
 the Gold in his Kingdom, and all his Wife's Jewels for £i 
 Ranfom: 
 
 Cio che ti vien da 1' Indlche maremme. 
 Habbiti pure, e cio che Perfia accoglie 5 
 Che de la vita altrui prezzo non cerco 5 
 Guereggio in Afia, e non vi cambio o merco. 
 
 Godpield^ quoth Godfrey, that my noble Mind 
 Should ^raife^ and Virtue fo by 'Profit 7neafure, 
 ^U that thou hajtfrom Periia and from Ind 5 
 Enjcy it fiill^ therein I take no ^Pleafure. 
 J Jet no Rent on Life, no Price on 'Bloody 
 I fight ^ and fell not War for Gold or Good. 
 
 This Thought is taken from One in ^lintus Curtius^ upon 
 'Parme72io's advifing Jllexander to accept of fome advan- 
 tagious Offers made him by liaritis 5 Me non mercatcrcm 
 memini ejje fed Regem. " I don't remember that I ever 
 " was a Merchant, I am a King." ^lintus Curtius 
 makes him fay in the fame Place, " He was not us'd to 
 *' attack Pri Toners and Women, but thofe that had their 
 »' Arms in their Hands, and were able to defend them- 
 «• felves." T'aJJb has flollen that Thought alfo, in making 
 Rinaldo fay ; 
 
 Difefa e qui 1' effer de 1' arme ignudo, 
 
 Sol contra il fcrro, il nohil fero adopra, 
 
 E filegno negli inerme eflcr feroce. 
 
 He fcorns to fir ike his Foe, that flies or falls, 
 
 To •zvrcak his Ire, and fpend his Force in Vain^ 
 
 Ujpcn their fearful Sacks that fled^ he fcorns^ 
 
 more 
 
LoGiCK ^/^^ Rhetorick. Sj 
 piore faithfully thus : 
 
 He 072ly fights 'with thofe he finds in Arms , 
 
 He Jccrns to exercife his martial Rage 
 
 On thofe that can't defejid themfehes againjt it. 
 
 Tho' thefe Thoughts feem to be borrow'd of the An- 
 tients, yet it is probable enough, that the modern Poets 
 might think as the Antients did, without knowing it 5 but 
 *tis certain fome Thoughts of the Moderns are downright 
 Thefts from the Antients, as this of Janus Vitalis on the 
 Huins of old Rome. 
 
 Afpice murorum moles, pr^ruptaque Saxa, 
 Obrutaque horrenti vafta Theatra fltu j 
 
 Hzc funt Rcma : viden', velut ipfa cadavera tantae 
 Urbis adhuc fpirent imperiofa minas, 
 
 Sehold thofe Heaps of Stones^ thofe Walls in RtmiSy 
 And Amphitheatres demo lip' d 5 there 
 Is all that's left of Rome. Sehold the Carcafe 
 Of that frond City^ niin'd as pe lies. 
 Imperial in her Look, and full of '■Threats. 
 
 Father Soithottrs will have if, that this Thought is 
 taken from what Sulpitms wrote to Cicero^ on the Death 
 of his Daughter; for after having faid, that coming back 
 from Afia, and failing towards Italy he faw Egina, Mega- 
 ra, 'Pyrea and Corinth, formerly flourifliing Cities, and 
 then in Ruins; he adds, (upon which this Thought came 
 into my Mind) " Shall we poor mortal Creatures, who 
 " at one View, behold the Carcafles of fo many Cities, be 
 " inconfoleabie at the Death of one of us, whofe Life is 
 " fo far fhort of the Being of a City. Hem nos homun- 
 " culi indignamur, fi quis noftrum interiit, quorum vita 
 " brevior effe debet, cum uno loco tot oppidorum cadavera 
 " projeila jaceant ?" Tajfo's Thought upon Carthage, is 
 ftill a plainer Theft than Jamis Vitalis : 
 
 Giace r alta Cartage : a pena i fegni 
 De r alte fue ruine il lido ferba : 
 Muoiono le Citta, muoiono i regni. 
 Copre i fafti e le pompe arene & herba ; 
 Et rhuom d'effer mortal par che fi fdegni. 
 
 G 4 Great 
 
88 The ARTS of 
 
 Great Carthage jiciv^ in Jlpe% hixi dcth lye^ 
 
 Her Ruins poor^ the Herbs in beight fcajit pafS'y 
 
 So Cities fall y fo jerip Kingdoms high, 
 
 I'keir '•'Pride and Temp lye bid in Sand and Grafs : 
 
 ^ben ivbypotild mortal Man repine to dye^ 
 
 Wbcfe Lije is Jir, Sreath, Wind, and ''Body Glafs ! 
 
 Fa I R F, 
 Perhaps TaJJb had alfo this of Ltican in View : 
 
 • Jam tota teguntur 
 
 Pergama dumetis 5 etiam periere ruina:. 
 
 'Noiv blafted Moffy T'nmks ixith Branches fear^ 
 Brambles and Weeds^ a kathfome Forrefl rear ^ 
 Jill riide^ all --xafie^ and deflate 'tis laid. 
 And even the nnnd Ruins are decayed. 
 
 R o w E. 
 
 W E cannot but fuppofe the like Thoughts will be ever 
 born of the like Subjeas, and that all Authors who think 
 alike, do not always Ileal from one another. Tis faid to 
 a Traveller in a Latin Epigram : 
 
 Qui Romam in media quaeris novus advena Roma. 
 Rome /'« the midji of Rome, ne-w Comers feek. 
 As in ^ai2tts Vitalis : 
 
 Et Roms in Roma nil reperis media. 
 Nothi?2g cf Rome, in ?nidjl ofKome yon find, 
 
 Do not thefe Thoughts feem to be borrow'd from Florus ; 
 ** Ita Ruinas ipfas urbium diruir, ut hodie Samnium in 
 " ipfa Samnio requiratur, nee facile appareat materia qua- 
 *' tuor & viyinti triumphorum. The Reman People fo 
 *' deftroy'd the very Ruins of Cities, that Samnium was 
 *' fought in Samnium itfelf:" A.nd is not thiscopy'd from 
 Seneca ? " Lvgdiinum, quod oftcndebatur in Gallia quaeri- 
 *' tur^ We feeic for Lions in Gaul:' And that {torn. Cicero, 
 " jEtnenfis ager fic erat deformis atquc horridus, ut in u- 
 *' berrima Sicilice parte Siciliam quaireremus. Cicero rc- 
 " proaches Verres with having made Sicily fo defolatc, 
 " that it was fought for in the moft fruitful Parts of it." 
 The Thought is the fame every where, and I rather think 
 that every Author had it in his own Imagination, than 
 that they ftole it from one another 3 if they did, Virgil ck- 
 cells them all : 
 
 Et 
 
LoGicK ^//^ Rhetorick. 89 
 
 Et Campos ubi Troja fuit. 
 And Fields ivhere once ivas Troy. 
 
 There was nothing at all left of Troy^ but the Place 
 where it flood. This goes farther than Litcan^y ^eriere 
 Ruincey Rti'm'd Ruins-, or that other Poer, who fpeaks of its 
 Afhes. By Fields "johere once ivas Troy^ we have no Idea 
 of fo much as Ruins left, no Afhes which are ar leaftthe 
 Remains of a burnt City. The Place only where T'rry flood, 
 is what comes into Imagination. The following Verfes of 
 Girolamo Tretiy Site admirable and worthy of all the Great- 
 nefs of Rcme. 
 
 Qui fu quella di Imperio antica Cedey 
 Terauta in pace e trionfante in Guerra ; 
 Fu ; perch' altro che il loco hor non fi vide, 
 Quella che Roma fu, giace fotterra. 
 Quefte cui I'herba copre e calca il piede 
 Fur moli al ciel vicine, ed hor fon terra. 
 Roma che'l mondo vinfe al tempo cede, 
 Che i piani inalza, e che 1' altezza alterra 
 Roma in Roma non e. Vulcano e Marte 
 La Grandezza di Roma a Roma han tolta. 
 Struggendo Topre e di Natura e di Arte. 
 Volto foflbpra il mondo, e'n polve e volta : 
 E fra quelle ruine a terra fparte 
 In fe ftefla cadeo morta e fepolta. 
 
 T'he Capital of Rome's vajl Empire Here 
 Once Jloody ijchom all the World in ^eace did fear , 
 In War triumphant . We can only fay 
 She \vas. For no-zv the City's ftvept azvay. 
 That Rome^ that once ivas fo renozvn'd, is now 
 Snry'd in Earthy aid ixants like Earth the Tloiv, 
 The Heaps of Stone which under Grafs noiv lie^ 
 Once lifted their proud Heads and reached the Sky 5 
 They're mouldered noiv to Earth ; viBorims Rcme 
 2) id Time ivith all Thin:^s clfe to Ruin doom. 
 Time lifts theLoit\ the Lefty jbe'l dehafe^ 
 Rome has no more in Rome itfelf a ^lace. 
 Vulcan and Mars had in her Fate their 'Part^ 
 Wafiing the Works of Nature and of Jrt. 
 The World's in ivafe^ and Rome isfal'n at lafi^ 
 To T)uft and JJfhes from herGreatnefs caft. 
 T>aily her fcatter'd RuiiJS ive ivalk o'er^ 
 She's bury'd in herfelf and has a Tlc.ce no tnore. 
 
 Mr. 
 
^ The ARTS of 
 
 Mr. Addifon^ who fpent a great Part of Iiis Life in the 
 Study of the ClafljcJcs, and made great Ule of them in 
 his Writings, fays of the Englip Ships bombarding the 
 maritime Ports of France 3 
 
 J^orjo does the Sailwfrom the ne'ighhonriiig Main, 
 
 Look flfter Gnllick 'Tcwns and 'Pons in vain j 
 
 JVo 7mre his ^iicontcd Marks he can de[cr}\ 
 
 'Bin fees a long zmmeafufd Kuin lye^ 
 
 Whilfi j^oijiting to the naked Coajl he pe-zvs 
 
 His ivo7idyi77g Mates 'xJoere Towns a}2d Stee;ples rofe j 
 
 Where cro-zvdcd Citizens he lately vie-zv'dy 
 
 yhd fmgles out the 'Place ivhere once St, Maloe^sjlood. 
 
 ^/<?/i's Thought is noble, and even magnificent, but that 
 fimple one of Firgil is more fine and more grand. 
 
 'The Fields ivhere o?2ce -zvas Troy. 
 
 Has not TaJJo refin'd a little on this Paflage of Virgil^ 
 when he fays of jlrmidaJ's dellroying her enchanted Pa- 
 lace ? 
 
 Ke piu il paJagio appar, nc pur le fue 
 Veftigia ne dir puoffi, egli qui fue. 
 
 2'r the leajl Track none coiCd the Palace trace^ 
 Tsorfay^ Oy the Remains it ever nvas. 
 
 Sfencer comes fliort of this, where fpeaking of the vanifli- 
 ing of an enchanted Houfe. Scok 5. Canto 11. he fays, 
 IVas vanijifd quite as it -sere not the fame. 
 
 But what is all this, to the Dignity of Thought and 
 Exprcllion in Dr. Gurnet'?, Theory of the Karth, where 
 the Author furvejs the Globe atter the Conflagration? 
 What is the View of dcmolifli'd Cities, fuch as JFginay 
 jMegara^ Pyrca, Corinth, fuch as Carthage, the Rival of 
 Rc/iiC, and fuch as Ro7i7€ hcrfclf, the Miftrefs of the World, 
 to the whole Globe reduc'd ro Afhes, and all Nature in 
 Ruins? True the Anticnts had never fo jufl: a Conception 
 of the End of all Things. They wanted Revelation, to 
 give them a lively and dreadful Image of the World in 
 Flames, and Dr. Buri7et has improv'd the Advantage of 
 the Subjcdl:, to excel thetn all in both Thought and Ex- 
 preffici:. " Such the Vanity and tranfient Glory of this 
 ** habitable World: By the Eorce of one Element breaking 
 " loofe upon the rcif, all the Vanities of Nature, all the 
 " Works of Art, all tae Labours of Men are reduc'd to 
 
 " Nothing J 
 
L o G I c K and R h e t o r i c k. 91 
 
 " Nothing 5 all that we adrair'd and lov'd before, as great 
 •* and magnificent, is obliterated or vanifh'd, and another 
 ** Form and Face of Things, plain, fimple, and every 
 *' where the fame overfpreads the whole Earth. " 
 
 1 N w hat follows, is contain'd the utmoit Strength and 
 Beauty of the Englijh Tongue. It cannot be tranflated 
 into French^ and has nothing equal to it, for the Sublime 
 in fDemoJibenes or Cicero 3 *' Where are now the great 
 *' Empires of the World, and their great Imperial Cities ? 
 *' Their Pillars, Trophies and Monuments of Glory ! 
 *' Shew me where they flood, read the Infcription, tell 
 *' me the Vigor's Name 5" tV'/j^t an Jufult is this en the 
 Vanity cf Humane Greatiiefsl " What Remains, what 
 *' Impreflions, what Difference or Diftin(5iion do you fee 
 *' in this Mafs of Fire ! Rcme itfelf, eternal Rome, the 
 " great City, the Emprefs of the World, whofe Domina- 
 *' tion and Superftition ancient or modern, make a great 
 ** Part of the Hiflory of the Earth 3 What is become of 
 *' her now ? She laid her Foundations deep, and her Pa- 
 *' laces were ffrong & fumptuous 3 Sbe glorified her [elf^ 
 *' and lived delicioujly, aizd jai din her Hearty Ifita^teen^ 
 " and pall fie no Sorroix\ 
 
 "But her Hour is come, fhe is wiped away from the 
 " Face of the Earth, and buried in everlaiHng Oblivion. 
 *' But it is not Cities only, and the Works of Mens Hands 5 
 " the everlafling Hills, the Mountains and Rocks of the 
 " Earth are melted as Wax before the Sun, and their 'Place 
 " is no ivhere found. 
 
 " Here flood the Alps, the Load of the Earth, that 
 " covered many Countries, and reached their Arms from 
 " the Ocean to the 'Black Sea. This huge Mafs of Stone 
 " is foften'd, and dilTolv'd as a tender Cloud into Rain. 
 *' Here flood the Jlfrican Mountains and Atlas with his 
 " Top above the Clouds. There was frozen Caucasus and 
 " Taimis and Imaus^ and the Mountains of Jfia 3 and 
 " yonder towards the North flood the RipJdan Hills, 
 ** cloath'd in Ice and Snow : All thefe are vanifh'd, drop'd 
 " away as the Snow upon their Heads. 
 
 G RE J'l' and Afar-velloiis are t/.y Works, Jtijl and True 
 are tky Ways, thou King of Saints, Halklujah ! 
 
 After this, how flat, how poor, how trifling, how 
 fantaftick will French Thoughts appear in French Drefs ? 
 Yet Pere "Boiihotirs fays. He is not fo wedded to the An- 
 cients as to admire no Thoughts but theirs. The Moderns 
 
 have 
 
9^ The ARTS of 
 
 have many excellent Ones ; and not to infill upon thofe of 
 the Jtal'iAni and Spaniards^ there are feveral in French 
 Authors, which for Elevation may be compar'd to the 
 Writings of the Augujlati Age. Some are of the Lord 
 Chancellor 5^co//s Opinion, continues the Jefuit, that the 
 uintiquity cf Jges is the Tomb of the JVorli, and that 
 properly fpeakwgy ive are the Jntients : This Thought 
 according to him, is a little too fubtlej but certain it is, 
 that in our own Writers, the French^ we meet with good 
 Senfe, Elevation and Juftnefs, as much at leaft as in the 
 Greek and Roman. What Work wou'd the learned Jefuit 
 have made of it, if inftead of a Panegyrick on Cardinal 
 Richelieu^ full of Flattery and falfe Thoughts, he had 
 had fuch an Example as Simiet's noble Image before 
 cited, and cou'd he have ever given over, had there been 
 fuch a Poet as Milton^ to have been put in Comparifon 
 U'irh Horner or Virgil^ as to the Dignity and Beaucy of 
 Imagination. 'Tr'.£b has very fine Images, and none finer 
 than thofe where he fpeaks of the Angels. Book I. 
 
 Wn faid^ the Jngel fzvift hhnfelf prewar' dy 
 To execute the Charge mpoi'd aright^ 
 In Form cf airy Members fair inibafd^ 
 His Spirits pure '•xere fiibjeEl to otir Sight. 
 Like to a Man in Sheiv and Shape hefafd^ 
 'But full of Heavenly Majejly and J\ tight ^ 
 J Stripling feem\i he^ thrice five Winter's Old^ 
 And radiant Ti earns adorn'd bis Locks of Geld. 
 Of fiher IVings he took a finning Tair^ 
 Fringed -zvith Gold^ tmirearied, nimble^ fj:ift ; 
 JVith thefe be parts the IVinds, the Clouds^ the Jir, 
 Jnd over Seas and Earth bimfelf doth lift. 
 Thus clad^ be cut tl. e Spheres and Circles fair^ 
 j^nd the pure Skies -zvith facred Feathers clift. 
 On Libanon at firfi bis Foot he fety 
 And fijock his Wings "jcitb rcary May T>ezvs "joet. 
 
 This is very fine in Fairfax^ anc^ Miltcn had not forgot 
 Tajo, when he fpoke of the Arch-angel Raphael's Defcent 
 to Adam. Book V. 
 
 • Nor delayed the ivinged Saint, 
 
 After his Charge received, but from among 
 Tboitfand Celefiial Ardors^ ivhere be (look 
 Vaild ivitb bis gorgeous Wings ^ if^fpringing light 
 
 Flezv 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. 95 
 
 IPk'W thro' the midfl of Heaven 5 th' j^ngelick ^ireSy 
 
 On each HaiiJ farting to his Sfeedgave PFay^ 
 
 ^hro' all th' E/nfyreal Road^ till at the Gate 
 
 Of Heav'n arriv'd^ the Gate-[elf ope7i^d "jcide^ 
 
 On golden Hinges turning^ as by Work 
 
 divine ^ the Sovereign Architect had framed: 
 
 From hence no Cloudy or^ to obfiruB his Sight ^ 
 
 Star inter f(.s\i^ ho-ixever fmall he fees ^ 
 
 Not t{72Confcr?n to other pining Globes^ 
 
 Earth and the Garden ofGod^ 'vcith Cedars cro^n*df 
 
 Above all Hills. 1)o-zvn thither prone in Flighty 
 
 He f feeds ^ and thro' the Vajl ethereal Sky^ 
 Sails betiveen Worlds and Worlds^ --ijcith fteddyWingi 
 Now on the ^clar WindSy then ixith quick Fan 
 Winnc-iz'S the biixom Air. 
 
 Here's a Flight: 
 
 HefpeedSy and thro' the Vajl etherij^l Sky 
 Sails bcfxeen Worlds and Worlds mth ft eddy Wing^ 
 Now on the Tclar Winds^ then with quick Fan 
 Winnows the biixcm Air, 
 
 STiew me any Thing like this in the Homer of *Fo/e, or 
 the ^ryden of Virgil, and if Homer and Virgil are not 
 in their Tranflations, let them no longer be call'd by their 
 Names. Again of the Archangel: 
 
 At once on th'' Eaftern Cliff'of^aradife 
 He lights, and to his proper Shape returns ; 
 A Seraph wing'd, fix Wwgs he'wcre topade 
 His Lineaments "Divine, the ^air that clad 
 Each Shoulder bread, came 'mantling o'er his Sreaft 
 With Regal Ornament, the 7niddle 'Fair 
 Girt like a ftnrry Zone his Wafte, a-ad round 
 His skirted Loins and "Fhighs, with dcwny Gold^ 
 And Colours dip\i in Heaven 3 the third his Feet^ 
 Shadowed from either Heel with feathered Muil 
 Sky tin^nr'd Grain. Like Maia'i Son he food, 
 Andpook his ^limies, that Heav'nly Fragrance fH' i 
 'The Circuit wide. 
 
 The Image when he enters the Garden of Paradife, is as 
 exquifitely Fine, as if it had been written with a Pea 
 made of a Feather of the Archangel's Plume ; 
 3 
 
94 The AkTS of 
 
 *itheif glittering Tents he fnfs'H^ and oioiv is come 
 Jnto the bltfsful Field^ thro' Groves of Myrrhe^ 
 yJnd /(ra'V/;;^ Odotirs. Cajjia^ Nard and Sa/m, 
 A Wilderness of Siveets 5 for Nature here 
 Wdntoti^d as in her Tritne^ and play d at Will 
 Her Virgin Fancies^ pouring forth more f-weet. 
 Wild above Rule or Art^ enormous Sli[s. 
 
 What a Line is the Laft, and what a Fragrance in ev*ry 
 Word. Taffo has an Angel again in his Ninth Book : 
 
 ^hisfaid^ the nvinged Warriour lo-w inclin'd^ 
 At his Creators Feet^ -laith RevVence due 5 
 VThen fpread his golden Feathers to the Wind^ 
 And fjoift as 'Thought aixay the Angel fleiv. 
 Hefafsd the Lights and pining Fire ajjigu''d 
 The glorious Seat of his feleBed Cre-inj 5 
 The Mover firjl^ and Circle Chryfialline 5 
 The Firmament 'vohere fixed Stars all pine. 
 
 Milton^ when he defcribes the Defcent of Satan, BookllL 
 places him on a Point, where he has a View of the whole 
 Univerfc, in which there appears no Void either by his 
 Thought or Expreffion : 
 
 Satan from hence^ nozv on the lo'wer Stair y 
 Thatfcafd by Steps of Gold to Heaven Gate^ 
 Looks down with Wonder at the fiidden VieWy 
 Of all this World at once, 
 beyond tlo* Horizon^ then from ^ole to 'Pole 
 He views in "Breadth ^ and without longer 'Paufe^ 
 downright into the World's (irjl Region throws 
 His Flight prccipit ant y and windes with Fafe 
 Through the pure marble Air his obViqiie Way^ 
 Amongfl innumerable Stars. 
 
 Then towards the Coajl of Earth beneath y 
 
 'Dcwnfro?n th' Ecliptick fped with hop\d SuccefSy 
 Throws hisfteep Flight in many an Airy Wheel. 
 
 The Dcfcription of Raphael \n the Eleventh Book, fliews 
 us that Milton was no Stranger to Taffo : 
 
 Archangel fcon drew nigl\ 
 
 Not in his Shape Celcfiialy bat as Man 
 Clad to meet Man 5 over his lucfd Arms 
 A military V?fi of Purple flowed y 
 
 Zivclier 
 
LOGICK ^A/^ RhETORICK. 9^ 
 
 Zivelier than MeJib^an or the Grain 
 Of Serra 5 ixorn by Kings and Heroes oldy 
 Jn 7'ime of ^ruth^ Iris had difd the Woofj 
 His jlarry Helm unbuckled^ peiio'd him prime 
 Jn Manhood ivhere Touth ended ^ by his Side, 
 As in a gUflering Zodiac hung the Sword. 
 
 Milton very often takes his Epithets from Spencer^ and 
 many of his antique Words. The buxom Air before- 
 mention'd, is in the Eleventh Cant. 3d Book oi Spencer : 
 
 'T'.mce moas hefeen in foaring Eagles Shape, 
 And with -wide Wings to beat the buxom Air. 
 
 A beautiful Image 5 and /hall we be able to reconcile our 
 felves to French Panegyrick, after fo many great Thoughts 
 fo fublimely expreft 5 but fince Father Soiihoiirs had no 
 better for us in his Language, we will fee what he affords 
 cut of one of the beft Writers among the French. He is 
 praifing Richelieu, c^ejl tin homme plus grand par fen J?- 
 fprit^ Sec. " He was a Man greater by his Genius and 
 " his Vertues, than by his Dignities and Fortune, always 
 " employ 'd, and always above Employs 3 able to govern 
 *' the Prefent, and to forefee the Future j to aflure him- 
 " felfof good Events, and repair bad ones 5 vaft in his 
 *' Defigns, penetrating in his Counfels, juft in his Choice, 
 *' happy in his Enterprizes, and to fay all in a few Words, 
 *' full of thofe excellent Gifts, which God beflows on cer- 
 ** tain Souls, which he has created to be Miflreffes of o- 
 " thers, to fet in Motion thofe Springs which his Providence 
 " makes ufe of to lift up and pull down the Fortune of 
 " Kings and Kingdoms, according to his eternal Decrees." 
 We read in a French Author before, that his bad Quali- 
 ties were fo much on the Equality with his Good, that 
 'twas hard to determine, and occafion'd great Difpute, 
 which were the mofl prevalent. If fo, alfthis Eulogy is 
 exaggerated, and confequently falfe, as every Thing is 
 which is beyond the Truth. A Fretich Poet faui in an E- 
 pitaph on the fame Cardinal : 
 
 II fut trop abfolu fur Tefprit de fon Maiflre; 
 Mais fon Maiftre par luy fut le Maifire des Rois. 
 
 His Mafter he too abfolutely govern'' d : 
 He ruVd his Mafier, and his Mapr Kings. 
 
 Thefe 
 
9^ The ARTS of 
 
 Thefe four Verfcs of an Epitaph on Queen j^jine of j^a- 
 Jlri^y Corifort to that King, are much commended by Fa- 
 ther SotiJmirs * 
 
 Elle fcut merpifer les caprices des Sort, 
 Regarder fans horreur les horreurs de Ja Mort, 
 Alfermir un grand trofne, & le quitter fans peine 
 Et pour tout dire enfin, vivre & mourir en Reine* 
 
 97:7^ Caprices of Fortune pe deffis\i 5 
 ^Death's Horrors -withotit Horror Jbe beheUi 
 ShefiWd a I'brojie^ pe quitted it "xith Eafe ! 
 j^fi.i to fay all at o?2ce, pe liv'd aijd dfd a ^een. 
 
 How much more pleafing are thefe Verfes of Mr. Step- 
 ney^ on Queen Mary^ of blefled Memory, Confort td 
 King IViliiara : 
 
 Some Augel from your oivn defcribe her Fame^ 
 For fiire your Godlike Seings are the fame ; 
 j^ll that -ims charming in the fairer Kmd^ 
 With Manly Sen^e and Refolution joyu'd 5 
 j^ Mein composed of Mildnefs and of State^ 
 Flot by Co7iJlraint or Jffe6iation Great ; 
 Silt formd by Nature for fiiprea?n Command^ 
 Like Eve jiijl moulded by the Makefs Hand. 
 Tetfuch her Meeknefs as halfvaiPd the Throne^ 
 Zeji bei7?g in too great a Zufre peivn^ 
 Jt might debar the SubjeB oj j^ccefs^ 
 Jlnd make her Mercies and our Cemforts lefs. 
 So Gods of old defcendi7?g from their SJ^here, 
 tto "jifit Men like Mortals did appear 5 
 Lefl their too awfttl 'Prefejice poul.i affright^ 
 I'hofe ixhom they meant to blefs and to delight. 
 
 Here's an Image of that Goodnefs which was the Cha- 
 r?.fteriftick of that divine Princefsj Vivre ^ mmirir en 
 HiwCy with the Royal Robes on, as a Saxon Earl of 
 Nortb7!}/2berland wou'd have his Sword and Buckler 
 brou^jht him, that he might dye as he had liv'd, a Sol- 
 dier. The French are a little too apt to be dazled with 
 the Outiide of Royalty, and to adore that Arbitrary 
 Power by which they were enflav'd. 
 
LocicK and Rhetoric k. ^7 
 
 Mr. ^TtOT on the fame Queen Mary: 
 
 Her Face "xitb thousand Seanties blefl 5 
 Iftr Mind rjLith thoiifand Vertnei Jiofd ; ^, 
 JJer Tozv'r -ivitjo boimdkfi Joy confe[s'd 3 
 Her Terfon^ only not adofd. 
 
 To the King on her Death ; 
 
 Go Mighty 'Prince^ let France he taught^ 
 Hoijij conjlant Mmds by Grief are try'd^ 
 Hew great the Land that "joept and fought. 
 When William led^ and Mary dy^d. 
 
 The next fine Thoughts we are prefented with in 
 '[pere Smhotirs^ are taken out of a Funeral Oration, on 
 the Princefs Henrietta Maria Dutchefs of Orleans^ Sifter 
 to King Charles the Second 5 who it is faid, was poifon'd 
 in France^ foon after her Return from an Interview with 
 her Brother at 1)over^ where Mcafures w^re projefted for 
 the Ruin of the Proteftant Religion, and the Liberty of 
 Eicrofe. " Her Soul, [ays the Oratory is greater than her 
 " Royal Birth, and no Place but a Throne had been wor- 
 " thy of her; flie was as mild, familiar, agreeable, as 
 " fhe was firm and vigorous 3 fhe knew how to perfwade 
 ** and convince, as well as to command, and her Reafon 
 *' was not lefs prevalent than her Authorit}*." 
 
 Then fpeaking of >the Misfortunes of her Father 
 King Charles I. he proceeds ; 
 
 " M A u G R E, the ill Succefs of his Arms, if his Ene- 
 " mies cou'd conquer him, they cou'd not force him, and 
 ** as he never refus'd what was Reafonable when he was 
 ** a Conqueror ; fo when he was a Captive, he always re- 
 " jeftcd what was weak and unjuft." 
 
 This being entirely falfe as to Fa<S, I'm afraid the 
 Thought muft participate of the Falfehood. I do not 
 know what the Freiich Man means by King Charles the 
 Firft's being a Conqueror; his Commiffioners breaking 
 off the Treaty at Uxbridge, before he was a Prifoner, is no 
 creat Proof of his never refufing any Thing that was rea- 
 fonable ; and his Conceflions at the Ifle of Wight, are the 
 weakeft and unjufteft Things that cou'd be, according to 
 xny Lord Clarendon , and Mr. Echard\ Hiftories ; but the 
 French Orator might not know our Jliftory, or if he did. 
 Truth was fo little minded, in fucSi Fiineral Orations iiv 
 Trmce^ that the Preacher feems alwa>'s rather to tell 
 
 H . • what 
 
c,8 The ARTS of 
 
 what the Defun6l ought to have been, rather than what 
 he was. 
 
 The firil Thing he commends King Cbarki II. for, 
 is, Magnanimity 5 ce Trince mngnanime : T'hat wagnani^ 
 mciii Prince might have jcr-ijcarded his j^Jfairs, by cmploy- 
 ing Jhofe HiVids that ivere ojfer'd to dejiroy the \tyranny by 
 a 'Blo'iv ; bht his great Soul difdain'd fitch bafe Me mis ^ 
 which were not difdain'd by Leixis XIV, as we /hall fee 
 by and by. He thovgbt that in ivhatever Condition KiJigs 
 iverCy it did not become their Alajejiy to a6l any fVay but 
 by Za-ws, or by Arms. I'hoje La-ws "Mich he had fro- 
 teBed^ rcjlcr'd him^ almojl by themfelves^ 'xithozit -other 
 Means. He Reigns peaceably and gicrioujly on the ^I'lrone 
 of his Ancefiors ; ani --xith him reign jftijiice^ Wifdom^ 
 and Clemency. Ke had few Wars indeed j where he fliould 
 have had War, there it was all Peace and Harmony; and 
 what could be more glorious than the Expedition at Cha- 
 tham^ and the Camp at Tilack-Heath, not to mention the 
 continual Oppreflion which Proreftant DilTentcrs lay under 
 for Confcience fake, as a Proof ot that Clemency, Wif- 
 dom and Juftice ! Of the Dutchefs of Orleans^ 'tis further 
 faid ; "ihs Mifortimes of her Family coii'd not over'jchelm 
 her in her Toutb 5 but even then^ one might obferve in her 
 a Greatnefs ivhicb ivas out of the Reach of Fortiuie. 'Tho" 
 the King cf England, iv.'.ofe Courage was equal to his Wif~ 
 dcm^ k7ie-zv that the 'Princefs his Sijler^ 'xho ivas courted 
 by fo many Kings, might do Honour to a T'hrone ; he with 
 Joy beheld her fill the Second 'Place in France, -ivhich the 
 'Dignity (f fo great a Kingdcjn inight put in Co7?zparifo7Z 
 with the Firjl Places in the Re(l of the World ; as to have 
 been Sultana to Soliman the Magnificent, to Airengzebe^ 
 to have been Emprefs of Germany^ or in the Invperial 
 Throne of the Czarina. Another famous Orator of France 
 fald of one of her Heroes 3 " His Employ carries him 
 *' into different Countries 5 Vi<5}ory follows him almoft 
 *' every whers, and Glory never forfakes him ; if he has 
 " not always conquer 'd, he has always deferv'd to be 
 " Conqueror. As long as this great Man leads us, fay 
 " the Soldiers, we fear neither ^Men nor Elements, and 
 " being freed from any Care of our Safety, by the Expe- 
 ** rience and Capacity of our General, we think of No- 
 " thing but the Enemy and Glory :" In another Oration, 
 it is faid of the fame Heroe ; " When he fpeaks, every 
 " one hearkens to him as to an Oracle j when he com- 
 
 " mands. 
 
LOGICK <5f^^ knETORICK. 99 
 
 ** mands, every one obeys with Joy ; v/hen he Marches, 
 *' ev'ry one believes he is in the Chace of Glory j and one 
 ** might fay, he goes to fight with Confederate Kings, 
 *' hke another Abraham with his own Houfehold only j 
 ** that thof'e who follow him are his Soldiers and Dome- 
 *' flicks; and he himfelf is both General and Father of 
 " the Family." What follows, was faid by a celebrated 
 Author, in Praife of Monficur de Lamoignov^ firft Prefi- 
 dent of the Parliament of '^arh : " Ev'ry Thing was Elo- 
 ** quent in him cv'n to his Air and his Silence, the Great- 
 *' nefs of his Soul appear'd in fome Manner in the Great- 
 ** nefs of his Difcourfe : He perfwaded more by the Opi- 
 " nion People had of his Probity, than the Elleem they 
 " had of his Knowledge ; People did not fo much fubmit 
 *' to his Eloquence and his Dignity, as to the Authority of 
 ** his Virtue; and there were noreafonable Men, but mull 
 ** have been afham'd not to have yielded to his Reafons." 
 The Saying of Velkius 'Patercims was apply'd alfo to 
 him, Nihil in vita nifi laiidandum aiit fecit^ am dixit, 
 ant fefpjit. There was nothing but what was commenda- 
 ble in his Thoughts, Words, and Deeds. 
 
 W E are now come to an Inundation of Panegyrick, on 
 the late French King, Torrent after Torrent. We are per- 
 fedly overwhelm'd with it out of the beft irc;;*:/^ Authors, 
 as Father Soilhoiirs calls them, whofe Thoughts are no- 
 bler than any we have had yet, according to him : as if 
 the Elevation of the Subjeft had elevated their Genius, 
 and Zoms the Great had infpir'd them with Sentiments 
 that were worthy of him. 
 
 All thefe Sentiments mufl: at once be Falfe, if the 
 following Hiftory is True : If he was ungrateful to his 
 Proteftant Subjefls, who had fought bravely to fix him on 
 the Throne in his Minority ; if he fwore to an Alliance of 
 Marriage and Friendfhip with Spain ; if he folemnly by 
 Oath renounc'd the Spa7tip Succeflion, and foon after 
 feiz'd on the Provinces belonging to Spain^ and made 
 War upon that King: If he drove the Duke of Lorrain 
 out of his Dominions, without any juft Occafion of War 
 or OflFence ; if he invaded the Empire on the one Side, 
 while the Infidels over-ran and ravag'd it on the other, 
 contrary to his Word given ; if he order'd his Generals to 
 feize on Defencelefs Cities, to lay them in Aflies, and 
 maffacre the Inhabitants, as in Holland^ and the l^ahti- 
 nate 3 if by his Chambers of Reunion^ he poflefs'd him- 
 
 H % felf 
 
ICO The AKTS of 
 
 felf of Towns and Countries in his Neighbourhood all 
 around him, under pretence of their having been Part of 
 France under ^ljara??i07Li^ or Ckanemayne ; if he ravifh'd 
 lliinmngen from the S-Jcitzers^ 'Pignerol from Savoy^ and 
 fet the proud and beautiful City of Genoa in t lames, 
 purely for his Glory 3 if he opprefs'd his Subje.fts by 
 Taxes and Gabells to mainrahi his Violence abroad, and 
 his Vanity at Home j if by Bribery and Cabal, he corrup- 
 ted the Minifters of Holland and England^ and facrificed 
 the Honour of his Friend King Charles the Second, to 
 his Ambition and Luft of Power, by tempting him to be 
 his Penfioner j if his encouraging the Arts was merely for 
 the Flattery of the Artifts, and the Magnificence of his 
 Euildings was for Olientation only, or io to attract the 
 Eyes of the Beholders, that the Show might take them 
 oft' from examining the Subiknce 3 if I fay all this, or any 
 of it is True, he cou'd not be truly Great, and the Title 
 of Le Grand is no more his due than that of Vir immor- 
 talis, as which he was worfhipp'd in the City of 'PariSy 
 till the Archbifhop wou'd no longer fufFer it 5 tho* the 
 'Immortal Ma7i has been dead thefe twelve Years, and his 
 Glory dy'd long before him. Mr. Aidi[on^ in his Epifllc 
 to my Lord Somers^ writes thus of him : 
 
 Jit length proud 'prince^ ainbiticm Louis, ceafe 
 I'o plagtie Mankind^ and t rouble Europe'^ ^eace ; 
 ^hink on the StniEliires "xhich thy Pride has rasd^ 
 On lo-ivns unpeopled, and on Fields laid zvajie. 
 ^hink on the Heaps of Corps, and Streams of 'Bloody 
 On every guilty Plain, and purple Flood, 
 ^hy Arms have made, and ceafe an impious War^ 
 Nor ivajle the Lives entrnfted to thy Care. 
 Or if no milder T'hought can calm thy Mind^ 
 Retold the great Avenger (f Mankind. 
 See ?nighty KafTau thro' the 'Battle ride^ 
 And fee thy Subje^s gafping by his Side. 
 Fain mooud the pious Prince refufe tlo* Alarm, 
 Fain niooiCd he check the Fury of his Arm: 
 Sut ivhen thy Cruelties his Thoughts engage, 
 '7'he Heroe kindles ivith becoming Rage, 
 ^hcn Countries ftoVn, and Captives nnrefiofd. 
 Give Strength to every ^Blou\ and edge his Snwd, 
 
LoGicK and Rhetoric k. ioi 
 
 Mr. Addifon again of King William : 
 
 ^he Race of Naflaus ims by Heav'n dejign'd^ 
 'To ctirb the proud Opprcjfon of Mankifid -, 
 'Jo biitd the Tyrants of the Earth ivith LazvSy 
 And Fight in every injur' d Nation's Catife : 
 ^he World's great ^patricts^ they for Jujlice cally 
 And as they favour Kingdoms^ rife or fail, 
 
 Thus we fee the proud Ambitions Lewis, ivas a 
 plague to Mankind -J that he unpeopled To'vons, and laid 
 wafie the fruitful Fields 3 that he v/^s guilty of Slcod, and 
 jnaintain'd impious War; that he iicas prodigal of the 
 Lives of his Subjefts 5 that his Cruelties cry'd tor Venge- 
 ance 5 that he Itole Countries, and refus'd to Captives 
 their promis'd Liberty 5 that he was one of the Oppreffors 
 cf Mankind, a Tyrant of the Earth, an Tnjurer of Na- 
 tions 5 and that the Reverfe of this /liocking Charafter, 
 is the glorious One of King William, to whom his Enmi- 
 ty was implacable. 
 
 We will now fee what his Panegyrifts fay of him, and 
 we muft not forget, that all thofe Panegyrics were fome 
 how or other his Penfioners. A Man of Quality who has 
 an infinite deal of Wit, as Father 'Bouhours aflure us, who 
 writes fo finely, that No-body elfe comes near him, fays, in 
 a Portrait of the King 5 " He has the Air of a Heroe, and 
 *' there is more Dignity in his Perfon, than in the Royal 
 " Majefty with which he is cloath'd. We fliould admire 
 " him if he was a private Man only ; and the Purple which 
 " generally gives Luftre to good Qualities, borrows it 
 *' from all his." Another great Wit, according to our Je- 
 fiiit, thinks juftly and fublimely of the King: 
 
 Ton efprit que rien ne limite 
 Fait honneur a la Royaute : 
 Et I'on ne voit que ton merite 
 Au deffus de ra Dignite. 
 
 T'hy Wit 'Which has no Limits, 
 To thy Royalty does Floitour ; 
 And there's Nothing btit thy Merit 
 Above thy Dignity, 
 
 Another polite and ingenious Author fays, Wloen Ifpeak 
 9f Louis le Grand, 1 ?iame a 'Pri?2ce 'who does more Honotir 
 
 H3 to 
 
loi The AKT S of 
 
 to the 'Tkroiie^ than the 'Throne does to other Kings. A 
 ^r'mce ivho^ effacing mid raifing at the fame Time the 
 Glory of his Royal jinceflors, gi'ces them more of his own 
 than he takes from theirs. In the fame Tone fings-the 
 Poet: 
 
 Son ame eft au deflTus de fa grandeur fupreme 5 
 La vertu brille en lui plus que Je Diademe 5 
 Et quoi-qu'un vafte Etat foit foumis a fa loi, 
 Le Hcros en Louis eft plus grand que le Roi. 
 
 j3bove his froereign Great nefs is his Soiil^ 
 Virtue in himfji72es brighter than his Cro'xn^ 
 And tho' a mighty State obeys his La-w^ 
 In him the Heroe's greater than the King. 
 
 Again, T)ans lui P homme efl aufjli grand qiie le Roi : The 
 Man in him is as great as the King. The Author had 
 faid before, " Greatnefs is fo natural to him, 'tis not in 
 " his Power to diveft himfelf of it 5 that 'tis in vain for 
 " him to defcend from the Throne by the Familiarity of 
 '* Converfation j for when he makes no Ufe of the Au- 
 " thority which is lodged in the Sovereign Power, he 
 " diftinguiflies himfelf by the Authority which goes 
 " always with Sovereign Reafon 5 that he has always 
 " fomething in him, which raifes him, whether he will 
 " or not 5 that the Glory which attends him, is indepen- 
 " dent ot his Crown 5 that it flows from his Perfon, as 
 " from a Spring, and is vifible in his leaft Adions, in 
 *' his Difcourfe, in his Gefture, and in his Looks j that if 
 " he cou'd forget what he was, a thoufand Things wou'd 
 " efcape him, which would not let others forget it, and 
 " thus it is that all the World fpeaks of him." He dofes 
 his Eulogy with thefe Verfes : 
 
 Mais parle-t-on de bonne foi ? 
 Eft-ce une fable, eft-ce une Hiftoire ? 
 Si ce qu'on dit eft vrai, rien ne manque k fa Gloirc : 
 Et dans lui, qui le pourroit croire, 
 L' homme eft auffi graLd que le Roi ? 
 
 Are yoti in Earnejl -, Is 'what you fay 
 
 Fable cr Hi/lorv ? 
 jff it is triWy his Glory is comfleat ; 
 
 And can it be believed l In hiju 
 
 As great the Man is as the King. 
 
 Here 
 
LOGICK ^//^ RhET O RICK. 103 
 
 Here the learned Jcfuit makes this grave Reflexion : It 
 follows from hence, that our Monarch is very ciiffcrent 
 from thofe Princes, who have no other Merit than the 
 Luftre of their Fortune 5 and of whom it may be f^iid j 
 
 II ne feroient plus rien j fi ils ceflbient d' ttre Rois. 
 
 'Jthey ixioiild be Notti72g^ if they ivere not Kifigs. 
 
 The Count de Fiienfaldg72e copy'd after thefe Origi- 
 nals, when he faid of Le'XiS XIV, Royalty is roo much 
 in him 5 he might very well rid himfelf of it j his Merit 
 wou'd lupply the Place of all Things. Le fol/rafer liry : 
 The Saying is Fine, and occaiion'd a very good 2)ev/Je j 
 the Body of it, the Sun furrounded with a Conftellation 
 call'd the Crown ; the Motto, Ze fobra la Corona. Nor 
 were the Ladies behind Hand in praifing a Monarch who 
 had been liberal of his Favours upon them. One of them 
 fpeaking of a Place, where were all the Piftures of the 
 Kings oi France^ after having faid of Zeztis the XIV, 
 That he furpafs'd them in all exterior Advantages, as 
 well'as in all Sorts of Military and pacifick Vertuesj She 
 added, II faro t ttre e7ifin k Roi ne tons ces Rois j He ap- 
 pears in fnort as the King of all thefe Kings : In which 
 her Ladyfliip was guilty of as falfe a Thouf'iht, as ever 
 was born of Flattery : Was he as great a Politician as 
 Lewis the XI ? As great a Soldier as Charles VIII, Frati- 
 cis the I, Henry the I V ? I think there is no greater Sign 
 of his Boldnefs and Refolution, than that he cou'd Hand 
 the Attacks of fuch an Army of Flatterers, and keep his 
 Ground without Shame or Confufion : This Lady was a 
 Poetefs, and on the Subje6l of the Fireworks, for the Birth 
 of the Duke of 'Burgundy^ Father to the prefent French 
 King ; (he makes this Speech for the River Seine ^ 
 
 Nouveau Prince, dont 1* origine 
 Toute Grande, toute Divine, 
 Vous montre tant & tant de Rois 
 Dignes du Sceptre des Francois. 
 Plufieurs Louis, un Charlemagne 
 Un Henri, terreur de 1' Efpagne. 
 Vainqueur de £ts propres fujets. 
 Qui m' enrichit de fes bienraits. 
 Vous fcaurez bientot leur Hiftoii:e. 
 Mais pour aller droit a la gloire, 
 
 H 4 Croyez 
 
104 The AKT S of 
 
 Croyez moi, tous ces Rois fi grands, 
 Juftes, pieux,, ou conquerans, 
 Leur bonte comme leur puiflance, 
 Leur valeur comme leur prudence, 
 £nfin tous leurs fairs inoms, 
 Vous les trouverez en Lou:s. 
 
 J^le-zv-kru 'Prince^ 'wbcfe Origin^ 
 
 All great ^ and all Uwine^ 
 ^refenis you ii'ith fo many Kings^ 
 
 Wert by the Sccfter of France to weild. 
 Many a Lewis, one Charlemagne, 
 
 Henry, dreadful Name in Spain, 
 Comjueror of bis Rebel Suhjeas^ 
 
 JVko enrich'd are ivith his 'Bounty 5 
 Xoii •-uL-ill foon their Story kno-zv-, 
 
 'But to go dire El to Glcry ; 
 ^ritjl me^ all thcfe Kings, fo Great , 
 
 So JL'f, fo pioiLS, fo 'viilorious. 
 ^heir Goodnefs equal to their ^oiv^r 5 
 
 'Their Vakur to their Wifdc77i j 
 All their unheard of mighty T)eeds^ 
 
 ToiCll find them All in Lewis. 
 
 ^ere Bouhoiirs takes Notice, that thefe Thoughts have 
 regard only to the great Monarch in General j and are 
 nothing in Comparifon with what had been faid, of his 
 i\<Sions, his Conquefis, his particular Virtues 5 there's no 
 End of thefe Eulogies: However, we mull have fome of 
 ir, or he will not be fatisfy'd, and there is not a Word of 
 Truth in it, if taken without the faife G\q){b, which his 
 Flatterers put upon his Wars and his Counfels j as thus, 
 Vous marches mus-m'me a la defenfe de vos fcufies-^ 
 " You March in Perfon to defend your People ; you do 
 ** not value your Vi61ories, if you do not fliare the Dan- 
 *' gers and the Fatigues of the Battle 5 your Camp and 
 *' your Court are the fame Things to you 5 your beft 
 " Courtiers, your braveft Warriours 5 your Labours are 
 *' your Divcrflons, and when Glory calls, you do not de» 
 *' mand to be ferv'd, but to be follow'd." Th s notable 
 Speech which has not a Shadow of Truth, was fpoken 
 by a famous Member of the French Academy to the King 
 himfelf, who knew in his Soul that the Reverfe of every 
 Word of it was true, but receiv'd the Speaker very gra- 
 ciouflj. You'll perceive what Truth there is in thefe 
 
 Thoughts 
 
LoGicK and Rhetoric k. ic^ 
 •Thoughts by a Stanza o^ Trior's Burlcfque of T^oikau^ 
 Ode: 
 
 To animate the doubtful Fight y 
 Namur in vain ex/^e^fs that Ray 5 
 J/2 vain Fiance ^o/es, the Jickly Light 
 Should pine near \\[il\i2.m's fuller lljay. 
 He likes Verfailles J/n proper Station, 
 Nor cares for any foreign Sphere j 
 jy here you fee Boileau'i Conjlellationy 
 Se fure no 'Xianger can be near^ 
 
 The, Academician concludes, " V/ifdom forms your En- 
 " terprifes 5 Fortune accompanies them 5 Valour exe- 
 ** cutes, and Glory crowns them." Then he has a Word 
 for that learned Body, whofe Mouth he was, "The French- 
 Academy laould be happy. Sir, if they could ivrite and 
 think as nobly as you have a.Bed. Tere Sonhours thinks, 
 that there is fomething as noble in this, as in what ^im~ 
 tilian faid, which I have already cited 5 if fo, then King 
 Ls'xis had as much Valour, and the French Academi- 
 cians as much Eloquence as Julius Ccefary of whom 
 ^lintilia?! faid, that he wrote with as much Fire as he 
 fought. 
 
 The following Harangue is recommended to us as a 
 Mafter-Piece of Eloquence and Truth : Twas fpoken at 
 the Reception of a Member into the Academy. " And 
 ** who cou'd help us better than you, to fpeak of fb many 
 " great Events, the Motives of which, and the principal 
 " Springs were io often truited to your Fidelity, to your 
 " Wifdom ? Who knows more thoroughly than you, 
 " what has part moft memorable in foreign Courts, as 
 " Treaties, Alliances, and all important Negotiations, 
 '* which in this Reign has made fuch a Stir in Europe 5 
 " and to fpeak the Truth, the Way of Negotiation is very 
 *' fhort, under a Prince, who having Power and Reafon 
 f always on his Side, has no need of doing any Thing to 
 ** have his Will executed, but to declare it." A violent 
 infult this, on the Advantages the great Monarch had 
 taken of the Weaknefs, Divinon, and Credulity of his 
 Neighbours, to furprize them by Expedition, and awe 
 them by Number. The Funeral Oration for this King's 
 Confort Maria T'herefa of A^/frria, made by a great Pre- 
 late, has this remarkable Paflage in it of the King ; 
 " Who knows not that he might have extended his Em- 
 
 " pire 
 
ic6 1'he A R T S ^/ 
 
 *' pire far beyond our Frontiers, if he cou'd at the fame 
 " Time have extended his Glory, which cannot be more 
 *' folid, more pure, nor more Ihining ? I am miftaken, 
 ** he has carry'd the Extent of his Empire, to that uni- 
 " verfal Monarchy, which was heretofore the Chimeri(^l 
 " Project of our Neighbours. But he has done it by a 
 *' Way molt innoccent and glorious, without Violence or 
 " Injuftice. 'Tis the Work of his heroick Qualities, the 
 *' Fame of which has reach'd the Ends of the Earth ; 
 " for if he reigns happily over France^ by a natural legiti- 
 *' mate hereditary Power ; he reigns no lefs glorioufly 
 " over foreign Nations, Spciin, Itnly\ GBrmany^ by the 
 *' Terrour of his Arms, and the Reputation of his Wif- 
 *' dom, Valour, and Julticc." A Magiftrate in one of the 
 Parliaments of irancc^ faid in an Harangue about the 
 fame Time : " Thofe that are moft jealous of his Glory, 
 " are forc'd to confefs, that he is abfolute Arbiter of their 
 *' Dcrtiny, the ftrongeft Support oi his Allies 5 and that 
 " his JulHce is the only Rampart which can be oppos'd 
 *' to the Rapidity of his Conquefls ; 'tis his Jultice alone 
 *' that has difarm'd him in the Embraces of Viftory 5 
 " weary of Conquering, he has given Peace to his Ene- 
 *' mies, and very far from taking Advantage of his own 
 *' Strength and their Wcaknefs, he had rather preferve 
 " the Peace, than acquire the Empire of Europe." This 
 fame Thought is in the following Verfes : 
 
 Grand Roi, fans recourir aux hiftoires antiques ; 
 Ke t' avons nous pas vu dans les plaines Belgiques, 
 Quand 1' ennemi vaincu defertant fes ramparts, 
 Au devant de ton joug couroit dc toutes parts, 
 Toy mcme te borner au fort de la viftoirc, 
 Et chercher dans la paix une plus juflc Gloire? 
 
 Great Khig ixie need not have Recourfe 
 yo ancient Hificry 5 in yours 
 We fee enough. IVe late beheld 
 Tour JiTfZies in the 'Belgick Field 5 
 And K.vhen the Enemy in "Dread 
 before you from their Ramparts fied^ 
 When from all '■'Parts they ran to meet 
 Tour Tokeallfroftrate at your Feet: 
 ^he Trice of Vi^Vry you forego^ 
 And on the vanqni'fyd ^eace bejlow. 
 
 Sy 
 
LoGicK <?;;^ Rhetorick. jo7 
 
 ^y 'Peace more Glory you obtain'' d^ 
 Than by more Conquefis had been gained. 
 
 Father Scuhcurs thinks the Thought in the next fix 
 Verfes more noble : 
 
 Regler tout dans Ja paix, vaincre tout dans la guerre : 
 D'un abfoiu pouvoir calmer toute la terrej 
 A tous fes enncmis avoir donne le loy ; 
 Caft etre an plus haut point dc la grandeur fupremej 
 Pour fauver I'es fujets, jugcr centre foi memej 
 C'eft etre le meilleur des Rois. 
 
 Jn 'peace to govern all Things, and in TVar 
 To conquer ; by Poiier abfokite, to calm 
 The Earth, and give his, Bnemies the Zaw^ 
 Jsfiire the highejl Point of fiipreme Greatiiefi 5 
 To J2idge againjt himfelf] to fave his SubjeBs^ 
 Is, cf all Kings to be the beji. 
 
 Father Souhotirs remembers his Order in his Remarks, 
 and tells us what Father Spincla, Nephew to Cardinal 
 Spinola, and Miffionary in China, faid of the Frencb 
 King, when he was at Paris: 
 
 Perche adorino al fin la Fe de Piero 
 
 L' Arabo, 1' Indo, il Mauro, il Perfo, il Trace 5 
 
 Ah fia del gran Luigi il mondo intero. 
 
 The Meaning is, that with a Word, the Monarch 
 routed Calviiiifm^ and were he Mafter of the World, 
 the World would be Catholick, Jrabian, Indian, Aloor^ 
 Perfian, and Tttrk, would fubmit to the Church's Yoke. 
 The Magiflrate, who made the laft cited Harangue, fays 
 in another, fpoken to the States oi Languedoc, upon the 
 kindly Force, that was made ufe of to bring Home the 
 wandring Jefuits. " 'Twas like thofe black and threaten- 
 " ing Clouds, which create Terrour where they hang in 
 *' the Air, allarm the Labourers, and feem todeflroy their 
 *' Hopes of Harveft, but afterwards they diflblve into gen- 
 " tie Showers, alike wholefome and fruitful j which have 
 " no other EfFeit, but to bring every where abundance, 
 " and Joy, and to drive the Sheep into their Folds. " 
 
 The next Compliment to the King, is paid by a 
 Trench Sappho, who makes her Parrot fay, on the Pardon 
 the City of Genoa obtain'd of the King for his bombard- 
 ing them. 
 
 Allcz, 
 
io8 The ARTS of 
 
 Allez, Doge, Aliez Sans peine 
 
 Luy rendre Grace a Genoux : 
 
 La Republique Romaine ' 
 
 En eut tait autant que vous. 
 
 Go^ Ticge, go, do not think it inuch^ 
 "■To thajik him on your Kneei ; 
 
 'ithe Rcmam bad their Cafe beenfiich^ 
 Had done the fame with Eafe. 
 And comparing the great Lewis's Genius to that of hia 
 Minifters and GeneraJs ; /lie faid, He is the Soul of his 
 Jennies and his Couiifels^ as the Sun is of the Univerfe, 
 ^ere 'Bcurhours remarks, that the Comparifon is rich, 
 and nothing cou'd give a higher Idea of that King's Con- 
 duct. The Sun was the Device of Lewis the great, and 
 the Panegyrifts did band it about upon all fuch Occafions. 
 Kay 'Boiieaii in his Ode onNamur^ has chang'd his Plume 
 of Feathers into a Star, Cet ajlre redoubtable. That dread- 
 ful Star. Mr. Trior, in my Opinion, thinks much more 
 juIUy thar^he Freiich Sappho about this fame Star. 
 
 '}<low let us look for Louis'i Feather^ 
 
 'rhat m'd tofhinefo like a Star ^ 
 ^he Generals could not get together^ 
 
 Wanting that influence great in War. 
 O Tcet thou hadf been difcreeter, 
 
 Ha7tging thy Monarch's Hat fo high 5 
 Jfthoii hadjl dubb'd thy Star a Meteor, 
 
 ^hat did but blaze, and rorve, and dye. 
 
 I am fure the Thought is much more cafily juftified, by 
 the Standard of Tru:h, than any we have quoted out 
 cf the French Panegyricks. What can one thjnk of this 
 modefl Diftich, fet up in a confpicuous Place, in that 
 Monarch's Dominions? 
 
 Una Dies I.otharos, Burgundos Hcpdomas una, 
 Una domat Batavcs Luna quid Annus erit. 
 
 Which fays 2i French Hiftorian donneront tine fetite Idee, 
 de fa Valenr, will give but a very fmall Idea of his Va- 
 lour, That he conquer'' d Loraine in a Day, "Burgundy in a 
 Week, Holland in a Month, what will a Tear then do. 
 The witty Lord Rcchefter, gave thefe Verfes this Turn : 
 Loraine heflole, by Fraud ^ej^o/ Burgundy, 
 Holland he bought -'- By -— heVlpayfoft one'Day- 
 As at Blenheim^ Ramelies^ Turinj &.c. 
 
 I believ^ 
 
LOGICK /Z«^ R HEX O RICK. IC9 
 
 I believe after the French Critick has been fo long ador- 
 ing the Shrine of Ze^tiiXlV, the Reader will not be dif- 
 pleas'd with the Sentiments of Perfons who are more in^ 
 different, or rather, who like my Lord Rocbefter^ think 
 quite otherwife, as the Author of the Paraphrafe on 
 
 La jeune Iris aux cheveux gris 
 
 Difoit a Theodate 
 Retournons, mon cher, a Paris 
 
 Avant que Ton Combatte. 
 Vous me donnez trop de Souci 
 
 Car Guillaume ne raille, 
 Helas, que feriez vous icy 
 
 Le jour d'une bataille ! 
 
 In grey hair\4 Celia': "joither'd' Armt^ 
 
 As mighty Lewis lay j 
 She crfd^ if 1 have any Charms^ 
 
 My dearejt lefs a-way. 
 For y oily my Love, is all my Fear^ 
 
 Hark hoiv the ^Dnims do rattle^ 
 AlaSy Sir, •'iX'hatpQti'dyou do here 
 
 In dreadful Day of 'Battle. 
 Nor vex your T'hoiights ho^cV to rej>air 
 
 The Rtiins of your Glory 5 
 Toti ought to leave fo mean a Care 
 
 To thofe ivho fen yotir Story. 
 Are not Boileau ^«/? Corneille/^/^ 
 
 For 'Pajiegyrick Writing ? 
 They kfioiv how Heroes may he made. 
 
 Without the Help of fighting. 
 
 The following Infcription was on a Medal for this Mor = 
 arch. 
 
 Proximus & limilis regnas Ludovice Tonanti 
 
 Vim fummam, fumma cum pietate geris. 
 
 Magnus es expanfis alls, fed maximus Armis 
 
 Protegis hinc Anglos, Tcutones inde feris. 
 
 Quin coeant toto Titania Foedera Rheno 
 
 Ilia Aquilam tantum, Gallia Fulmen habet. 
 
 Englifh'd by the Lord Zaffdo-wn^ and apply'd to Queen 
 Anne. 
 
 Next to the Thunderer^ let Anna Jiand, 
 In Tietyfti^ream^ as in Command 3 
 
 Fam'£ 
 
no The ARTS of 
 
 Fam'dfoY' viEiorioiis Arms and generous Aii^ 
 ToiiNg Auftria'i Refiige, and perce Bourbon 'i dreads 
 Titanian Leagues in vainfaall brave the R/Jine^ 
 Wl-^en to the Eagle you the 'Thunder '^oyn. 
 
 This Thought is noble, and metaphorically true. The 
 Duke of Marlborough^ the Queen's General, drove the 
 Fre7tch and Bavarians out of the Empire, by glorious War. 
 The French Armies, always broke into it by Surprife, and 
 over-ran the Provinces before the German Confederates 
 could get their Forces together. The Duke of Marlbo- 
 rough march'd into Germa7iy^ when the French and 'Ba- 
 vartans were almoft Mafters to the Walls of Vienna^ fought 
 his Way thro' the ftrong Pafles of Schellenbiirgh and ^o- 
 na^jceart^ and as foon as he cou'd come at their confederate 
 Armies, routed and difpers'd them, and fent their Gene- 
 rals Prifoners to England^ as a Prefent to his Royal 
 Miftrefs. Mr. ^rior in hii £piftle to 'Boikaii, on that 
 Occafion. 
 
 S'mce hifdfor Life^ thy [erv'ile Mtife mufljingy 
 Sncceffive Conquejls and a glorious King: 
 Jllujl of a Man immortal vainly boajl^ 
 And bring him Laivrels -u-hatfoe^er they cofl : 
 What Turn ■idlt thou employ, Kjchat Colotirs lay 
 On the Eve72t of that [uperior Day^ 
 Jn 'vchich one Englifh Sub]eB'' s ^rofperoiis Hand^ 
 So Jove did ixill, fo Anna did commaiid ; 
 Sroke the proud Column of thy Majler's 'Praife^ 
 Which fixty Winters had coufpifd to raife. 
 
 Again, 
 
 The Eagle^ by the 'Britip lyon's Mighty 
 UnchainH, a^idfree direBs her up^ucard Flight : 
 Nor did pe e'er ivith jlronger Tiniojzs foary 
 From Tyber'j SankSy than 720zvf'rom Danube'^ Shoar. 
 
 Mr. Stcp7iey\ Auflrian Eagle ^ is in the fame Way of 
 thinking. 
 
 At Annsi^s Call, the Auflrian Eagle flieSy 
 Seari77g her Thunder to the fouthe7'n Skies, 
 Where a rajh ^ri7icey idth an unequal Sivay, 
 Jnflames the Region, a77.d J7zifgzndes the 'Day, 
 Till the Ufurperfrom his Chariot hurVd, 
 Leaves the true Monarch to CGinmand the World. 
 
 ^ Thou g ht s 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetorick. m 
 
 Thoughts equally juft and noble 5 tho' to be truly 
 noble, Thoughts mud be juft, yet they may be juft on a 
 Suppofition, that they are founded on Faft, and falfe when 
 the l-a^t being exanr.'in'd, the Foundation appears to be ill. 
 Such are the Sentiments in the Panegyricks on the French 
 King, quoted by ^tre Sctibct'.rs -^ had the Fa6is been 
 true, the 7honghrs would have been noble, and the Ex- 
 preffion lubliniej but for want of that Truth, they are like 
 the IvI'^eor in Mr. briefs Verfes of the French King's 
 Plume of Feathers, 
 
 jTa'J? did but blaze ^ and rove, and dye. 
 
 Thefe Panegyricks give us a Sort of Indignation, at the 
 Abufe of Jbloquence, and (hews us that there is no Sub- 
 ject, on which Wit and Rhetorick may not be ift employ'dj 
 as ill Mr. Waller's Verfes on Oliver Crornixell, for if he 
 was a 'Devil Incarnate, as Archdeacon Echard calls him» 
 thefe Thoughts of Walkfs upon him cannot be true. 
 
 When Fate or Error had our Jge mi/led. 
 And e'er this Nation fuch Confnfion fpread ; 
 The only Qtre ivhich cotildjrcin Heaven corns do'vcn^ 
 Wasfo much 'Power and 'Piety in One. 
 
 Again, 
 
 Jf'B^omt's great Senate could not -meld that S-'Vord^ 
 Which of the conquefd World had ?nade them Lord^ 
 What Hop had ours, while yet their Power was new^ 
 To rule viBcriotis Armies but by you. 
 
 How noble is that Thought, and how fine bis expreffing 
 the Happinefs of this Nation, under Mr. Echard's Incar- 
 nate Tievil. 
 
 The Tajie of hot Arabia Spice we know. 
 Free from thefcorching Sun that fnakes it grow. 
 Without the Worm in Perfian Silks we pine. 
 And without ;planting, drink of e'ery Vine. 
 
 Again, more noble ftill. 
 
 Our little World the Image of the Great, 
 Like that, amidft the boundlefs Ocean fet, 
 Oj her own Growth, hath all that Nature crave s^ 
 And all thafs rare as Tribute from the Waves. 
 
 Mr. 
 
:iii 7be ARTS of 
 
 Mr. PFnUer on Oliver Cromivell. 
 
 JKith t/jefe rernrns viEiofous Mountague, 
 JVitb Laureh in his Uan.i^ and half Peru. 
 L<^t the brave Generals dividt' that 'Bough 
 Our great ^rotefior, hath jhc.b fVreaths enough : 
 Jiis conqiSring Head has no ikore Room for 'Bays^ 
 'J^hen let it be as the glad Nation frays^ 
 Let the rich Oar forth-ivith be melted do\in, 
 : . jind the State fix\4 by ?naking him a, Cron'n. 
 
 This Complement was the more flattering, for tha,i 
 'twas made at a Time, when CrorinvePs Parliament pcti- 
 tion'd him to be King, and he refus'd it with a Reludancc 
 that loft him all the Glory of the Refufal. How prodi- 
 gal 7)ry:ien was of Praifes to this Proteflor ; I fay nothing 
 of, becaufe 'Dryden was fo lavifh of both Praifc, and Dii- 
 praife, that he fcldom confider'd on whom he bellow'd 
 both the one and the other, and was generally in the wrong. 
 D.r, Sifvat^ late Bifhop o't Rochejkr, has carry'd the Pane- 
 gj/rick on Oliver, in the Poem on his Death, as far as any 
 of the French Panegyrifls have done in Praife of the 
 Fr§7ich King : After Cronrxelh Death, and the Reftora- 
 tion of King Charles, that Prince and his Royal Bro- 
 ther, had Ab::ndance of fine Things faid of them. They 
 were of ail Kings, the moft Virtuous, Valiant, Wife, Juf, 
 Merciful, and Victorious. Every one of tliofe I'houghts 
 was extreamly well grounded, as we fee in Hiftory, and 
 none of them more fo than thefe Verfes to King James. 
 "I^iif Ml fell. p. 141. vol. 4. 
 
 ' r.T"^. ^y thy Bxarafle Kings may learn to fzvay, 
 • • ' Heroes are taught to fight, and Saints to pray, 
 'the Gra^cian Chiefs had Virtue but in Share ^ 
 Neftor 'joas ivife, but Ajax brave in War j 
 'J'heir 'very 7)eitics /were graced no r/iore,' 
 ■ Mars had the Courage, Jove the 'Thunder bore. 
 Bui all TerfeCiicns meet in James alone. 
 And Britain'; King is all the Gods in One. 
 
 Nothing can come after this. And this Godpip is the more 
 extiraordinary, for that it was beftow'd upon him fix Months 
 af^r the Wcfern Circuit, where fo many hundred poor 
 Protdlants were mtrrder'd, fome with, and fome without 
 th«f'Form of Juftic-. 
 
 . Quseque ipfc Miferrima vidi, 
 
 1 V/hes 
 
 
LoGiCK and Rhetoric k. 113 
 
 When the Poets and Orators came to the Reign of King 
 Willi^ra and Queen Mary^ they had a fair Field for 
 fine Sentiments 5 they had no Room for Fancy 5 the plain 
 Hiflory and Picture, fhew'd nothing but Greatnefs and 
 Beauty, and they could not fpeak with the greateft Sim- 
 plicity, but they muf-1: be fublime. Even Lee^ whofe Poe- 
 try was ever tainted with Madnefs, thinks reafonably on 
 this Subject, when he makes the Prince of Orange fpeak 
 thus of' the Princefs on their Marriage 3 
 
 Bnotigh kind, Heavei?^ 'well ivas my S'word em^lcfdy 
 Since all the ^li[s Earth holds pall be enjoyed. 
 'Pains I remember now with vafl ^elighty 
 Well have I hrav\4 the thimd^ring French in Fight, 
 My Ha'zards now are Gains^ and if my 'Blood 
 In battle 7mx and raife the vulgar Flood 3 
 Her 'j'ears^ for fure JheHl be fo good to motirn^ 
 Like Salmjhall heal the Wounds when I return. 
 
 Mr. Waller on the fame Subjeft. 
 
 Not Belgia'5 Fleets his high Command^ 
 Which triiim^hSy where the Sim does rife^ 
 
 J^or all the Force he leads by Land^ 
 Could guard him from her conqiCring Fyes. 
 
 Orange, with Toiith^ Experiefice has^ 
 
 In JiSlion youjig^ in Council old 5 
 Orange is what Auguftus was^ 
 
 Srave^ wary^ provident and bold. 
 Empire and Freedom reconciled 
 
 In Holland are, by great Naflaw, 
 Like thofe he fprting from jtijl and mild^ 
 
 Lo willing people he gives Law. 
 
 That noble Image of Empire and Freedom, being recon- 
 cil'd, and of giving Law to a willi?;g People, has more 
 Luftre in it than the Stm, which Lewis the Great took 
 for his Device, and all the Mimick Rays, with which it 
 . is inviron'd. Mr. Addifon of King William. 
 
 His Toils for no ignoble End defign*d, 
 'Promote the common Welfare of Mankind. 
 2*7b wiU Ambition moves 3 but Europe's Fears 
 *^he Cries of Orphans, and the Widow's Tears: 
 Opprefi Religion gives thefirfi Allarms, 
 And ifijtir'd JtijiiceCets him in his Arms, 
 
 I His 
 
114 The ARTS of 
 
 His Co72qneJls Freedom to the World afford. 
 And Nations blcfs the Labours of ifis S-zvord, 
 
 Mr, 'Prior's Carmen Secular^ is a fublime Poem from one 
 £nd to the other, a Panegyrick on that glorious King 1 
 have quoted out of it already, and fhall add what follows. 
 
 Where jarring £.mf ires, ready to engage. 
 Retard their Annies^ and fiif^end iheir Rage ; 
 ^lU William '5 Word like that of Fate declares, 
 Jf they pallfluay 'peace or lengthen Wars. 
 Jkoivfacred his Reno'-xn for equal La-jes, 
 STo 'xhcm the W rid defers its common Caiife ! 
 Hcia) fair his Frienijbip, and his Leagues how jujt, 
 PFhc7?2e'ery Nation courts, 'iJcho7n all Religions trnjll 
 
 The King's intrepid Valour, which diftinguifh'd him from 
 all the Generals of the Age, was not that Quality which 
 his Royal Heart moft delighted in j nor his confummate 
 Wifdom allow'd by his Enemy to be the fittell for Coun- 
 cil of any Prince in Enrofe • but his Love of Juilice, his 
 Piety, his inviolable f riendfhip, and Probity 3 and in this 
 View it is, that the Poets and Orators, always take him 
 as knowing what would be mofl: grateful to him. As the 
 French Orators aiFc(5ted to draw their Monarch with Thun- 
 der in his Hand like ffo've 5 the World blazing about him, 
 and their jfupiter hke Nero, playing with univerfal De- 
 {lru6tion. 
 
 W E have feen feveral noble Thoughts upon Queen Anne, 
 while fhe was at the Head of thar Confederacy, which 
 K.ing William had form'd againft the Oppreffion oi France 5 
 and thefe Latin Vcrfes, for the Plan of a Fountain, on 
 which is the Queen's Effigies on a triumphal Arch, the 
 Duke o'i Marlborough on Horfeback under the Arch, and 
 the chief Rivers of the World round the whole Work, con- 
 tain a noble Thought. 'Prior's Vocms diiod.ip. i-yi, 
 
 Quocunque cctcrno properatis Flumina Lapfu, 
 Divifislatc Tcrris, populifque reinotis 
 Dicite 5 nam vobis L'amifii narravit «jc Jfier 
 Anna quid Imperils potuit, quid Marlburus Armis. 
 
 Toti a6iive Streams, where'er your Waters flow. 
 Let diflant Climes^ andfiirtheft Nations know. 
 What ye froTit Thames and Danube have been taught:, 
 How Ann commaiided, and how Marlb'rough fought. 
 
 But 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. 115' 
 
 But when that Princefs deferred her antient Allies, diC 
 mifs'd her vi6lorious Captains, and experienced and able 
 Minifters, when Hie abandon'd the common Caufe, and 
 fent the ve*v Poet who hf^ kimpoon'd the French King 
 in an embalTy to him j wiT.jt Room was 1 there for fine or 
 juft Thinking. If there was any Thing like it, 'twas dif- 
 relifli'd, as was the late Lord Bilhop of Eiyh incompara- 
 ble Preface, which has a Break in it, that teaches us more 
 than the molt eleborate Piece of Oratory 5 but the Thoughts 
 and Expreffions are fo juil, fo grand, fb moving, the Rea- 
 der who muli have often read the Whole, will not think a 
 fmall Part tedious in this Place. The pious Orator is 
 fpeaking of the feven Years ot the Queen's Reign, from 
 the Duke of Marlborough's firit Campaign to the Batde of 
 Mo72S 3 and from the Miniilry of my Lord Go.iclphin^ my 
 
 Lord Somers^ ^c. to that of I will imitate my 
 
 Lord of -E/)-, and leave their Names to Oblivion. 
 
 " Never did feven Years together pafs over the Head 
 ** of any Englip Monarchy nor cover it with fo much Ho- 
 " nour. The Crown and Scepter feem'd to be the Queen's 
 ** leait Ornaments 3 thofe other Princes wore in common 
 " with her ; ar.d her great perfonal Virtues were the fame 
 " before and fince : But fuch was the Fame of her Ad- 
 *' miniftration of Affairs at Home, fuch was the Reputa- 
 *' tion of her Wifdom and Felicity in chufing Miniiters, 
 " and fuch was then cfleem'd their Faithfulnefs and Zeal, 
 " their Diligence and great Abilities in executing her 
 " Commands, to fuch a Height of Military Glory, did her 
 *' great General^ ^ind her Armies carry the SritiJ}} Name 
 ** abroad, fuch was the Harmony and Concord betwixt 
 *' her and her Allies, and fuch was the Bleffing of God 
 " upon all her CounfcUs and Undertakings, that I am as 
 " fure as Hiflory can make me, no Prince of outs was 
 " ever yet fo profperous and fuccefsful, fo lov'd, erteemed 
 " and honoured by their Subjefls and their Friends, nor 
 " near fo formidable to their Enemies. We were, as all 
 " the World imagin'd then, juft entring on the Ways that 
 " promifed to lead to fuch a Peace, as would have an- 
 " fwered all the Prayers of our religious Queen, the Care 
 " and Vigilance of a moflable Miniftry, the Payments of a 
 " willing and obedient People, ns well as all the glorious 
 " Toils and Hazards of the Soldiery 5 when God for our 
 " Sins, permitted the Spirit cfTiifard to go forth, and by 
 " troubiins fore the Camp, the City, and the Countrv, 
 ^ I z r and 
 
ii6 The ARTS of 
 
 *' (and oh ! that it had altogether fpared the Places facre^ 
 *' to his Worfhip !) to fpoil for a Time, this beautiful and 
 
 *' pjeafing Profpeft, and give us in its itead, 1 knovS' 
 
 *' not what Our Eneriies will tell tljie Reft with 
 
 « Pleafure. " 1^ 
 
 One cannot look into the dreadful Cavity of that, 
 J kno'W not -zi-hat without Horrour. 'Tis as Aliltou fays, 
 
 ^erverfe, all 7/ion(iroiis^ all p-o:'iigiciis Things^ 
 Ahominable^ iimitterahle^ and, ivorfe 
 'Than Fables yet havefeign\i^ or Fear conceiv\i^ 
 Gorgons and Hydra's, a?id Chimera's dire. 
 
 I often thought at that Time of thofe two Lines of his 
 Book VII. 
 
 Tbo' falkn on evilTtays, 
 
 On evil 'Days tloo fallen ^ and evil Tongues. 
 
 He alludes to the Times after the Reftoration, which 
 Mr. Echard reprefents as a fecond Aae of Gold, infomuch 
 that one Felicity after another turns his Head j and, as he 
 tells us, had fuch an Effeft on a certain Baronet, that he 
 xvas kill'd with a Blaze of Happinefs, as another Man 
 might be with a Flafli of Lightning. But let us leave 
 
 'This difmal Situation •zvajle and 'wild. 
 
 And behold a Scene when 
 
 Tiarknefsflsd 
 
 Light pen c^ and Order from 'Liforder fprang. 
 
 When his late Majefty King George's peaceable Acceflioi> 
 to the Throne, made Way once more for right Think- 
 ing and Speaking. I have by me a Panegyrick on that 
 great King, written in I.atin^ by Sir Samuel Garth ^ in 
 •which there are as noble Thoughts as in any modern 
 Performance, and no Orator needed to have been afliam'd 
 of the Language in the Reign of Augufius. I fliail in- 
 fert here fome Paragraphs only, 
 
 ** Non tibi fed tuis te natum arbitraris, & Otium quod 
 *' aliis paras tibi foil denegas. Non de Imperio proferen- 
 *' do certas, ied de Libertate Vindicanda. Quis in Hoflem 
 " gravior! Quis in Civem benignior ? In Callris Difci- 
 •* plinam inftituis ; in Tribunali Juftitiam : Et Jus cui- 
 *' que fuum Dux Si Twicep reddis, quod Miles & Civis 
 "' exoptares. 
 
 " Voluntas 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. 117 
 
 " Voluntas Principum eft aliquando pro Lcgibus : Tu 
 " illis folumm te nolles, fed falubriter latas five utiJiter c- 
 " mandatre tibi prxcipuc arrident ; Stales conftitui, qui- 
 *♦ bus tui pareant, ik quas ipfc etiam ferves, curas. Si 
 ** quid imperant, imperas 3 fi quid verant veras, inde ti- 
 ** bi cautum eft, hoc ne agas j iUiid ut exequaris. 
 
 " Te genus avitum, & jus a majoribus acceptum, tot fe- 
 *' culorum infuper confuetudinc approbatum, luper CKteros 
 " extulerunt j fed ea eft Moderario tua, vix quicquam ut 
 *' tibi, qui Omnia potes, nifi quod jure fiar, permiffum ve- 
 ** lis. Non jus vi obrui finis 5 potentiores ne humiliores 
 *' opprimant, prohibes. Si ftudia leniora minus valeant, 
 *' afperioribus invitus coerces, cc feveritatem dementia 
 " ufque eo temperas ut mems frequentior & ;^(X,na rarior 
 *' eveniat. 
 
 " Non defunt 'Principes qui vix quicquam, fi domina- 
 " tioni conducat, turpe exiftimant 5 quicquid jequum eft 
 " averfantur, quidquid iniquum, gratum habent 5 & pro- 
 " bant improbantque, non prout ri^fiopoftular, fed quem- 
 *' admodum hortatur antbit'io. Ipfe id ante omina con- 
 " fulis, re£lum ne fit an pravum, & ne Vedigalibus tuos, 
 " ne armis Vicino^ opprimas, caves. 
 
 " Plerique inani dignitatis imagine addufli, memores 
 ** fe effe ^Principes^ fe effe Homines Cunt obliti. Tu, cum 
 " ab aulicis cutis vaces, non alio, quo quo te vertis, fatel- 
 " litio, nifi pijs intuentium votis ftipatus incedis, & eo 
 *' aliis es major quo aliis te reddJs magis parem, ^c.'* 
 Which I tranflate thus 5 
 
 H01V have you thought yoit "jcere 7iot bcrn for your felf^ 
 hut your Teople^ and have always negkEitd your o-ixn Hafe 
 and ^iiet to procure Theirs ? You have ftill been more 
 follicitous to eftablip f/:?6'/r Liberties, than enlarge your o-zvn 
 Dominions, tf^ho fo brave ag.irnfl the Enemy'. Who fo 
 gentle to a Snbje5i i In your Camp you promote 'Difiipline 5 
 in your Courts Juftice^ and have always govern'd, 'when cc 
 Prince and General, as you 'would expe^ to be govern^ d^ if 
 a Soldier and Subjeft. 
 
 The Will cf 'Princes have often been their Lsivvs^ but 
 you have never faiPd to bijid your [elf by thofe of the 
 Conftitution, and have always been the bejl fatisffd zvitb 
 thofe that ivere the jnofi authentically made -j ftill en lea- 
 vouring to have fuch efablif/d as your People /hould obey, 
 aniyonrflfohCerve. IVhat the 'La'ws command yon co?n- 
 matid } 'what they forbid, you forbid : Thus you gra- 
 
 1 3 cioujy 
 
11^ The ARTS of 
 
 cioujly take Care to a6i Nothing^ kit "jchat is Right^ and 
 avoid every I'biug that is univarrantdble. 
 
 T'he Antiquity of your Illu(trious Family, a7?d the 
 Rights dcfcended to you. from your great V\nceilors, lavs 
 given you a fovereign and abfolnte 'Pozcer over your 'Peo- 
 ple. Sut fo remarkable is your Moderation, that tLd' you 
 can do every 'Thing yen pleafe ; yet you do Nothing but 
 'vrhat ym ought: Tou ?iever fiiji'cr Force to prevail upon 
 Right, jhll prote^ing the Weak agninfl the more Power- 
 ful 5 and -ixhtre Lenity is ineije^lual, againft your Will 
 you have Recourje to Rigour, bin jli/l fo tempering Mild- 
 nefs -tfir/? Severity, that all {q^lv, and fc'Ji^ are ^unx^^A. 
 
 There are Princes that think Nothing unfit, ivhich 
 tends to their Grandeur 5 they affrove of every Thing 
 fjohich makes for their Advantage, and difapprove the con- 
 trary j and never atl as Jufiice dire5fs, but as Ambition 
 perfwadss. Sut you in the firft Place confider Right and 
 Wrong, ajzd are equally cautious, neither to oppress yctir 
 people injurioujly -zvith Taxes, nor your Neighbours un~ 
 ]iifly ixiih your Arms : There are other Princes fo intoxi- 
 cated with a falfe Image of Grandeur, that in refieEting 
 they are Kings, they forget they are Men. Sut you, Sir^ 
 when you are at leifure frora your Sovereign Adminijlra- 
 tion, are pleas' d to diveft your felf from all manner of 
 State, and -walk abroad with no ether Guards, than the 
 Prayers and WiHies cf thcfe you preferve. And thus you 
 appear truly greater than all, by covdefcending only to be 
 equal to all, &c. Among fo many noble Thoughts, there 
 is not one which has not as much Truth in Fa6l, as Ele- 
 vation in Sentiment. What a Beauty does that Verity 
 give to the Dignity, and how will the French Penegyricks 
 look in the Ccmparifon with this, where the Reader 
 knows every Word to be HiRory ; and in the other, every 
 Word to be Fable ? But before we have done with this 
 Subjeft, I muft repeat a Paffage or two out of an Haran- 
 gue made by Monfieur de Piiifieux, the French Ambafla- 
 dor to the General Diet of the Swifs Cantons, after the 
 Duke of Au%rlb:ro7!gh\ Conquefls in Flankrs, where 
 he took more Towns in a Month, than the French King 
 had taken in Years. 
 
 Magnificent Lord^, 
 " Every Time that I have come into this illuftrious 
 " Affembly, I have endeavoured to give you new Marks 
 
LoGicK ^?;/^ Rhetorick. 119 
 
 *' of the King ray Maftcr's Fricndfliip. I have had fre- 
 " quent Opportunities of doing it in acquainting you 
 *' with his Vi6tories, and in fiiaring with you the Joy oc- 
 *' cafioned by our happy Succefles. Fortune at lalt has 
 " favoured our Enemies, and I am now come to give you 
 *' Expreflio'.is of the fame Friendfliip and Confidence, 
 *' without concealing from you the Affronts /he has put 
 " upon us. It is not ufual for Minifters of my Character, 
 " themfelves, to declare the Misfortunes of their Sove- 
 ** reigns : But the King my Mafler is unacquainted with 
 *' thofe mean Politicks, to deceive his Allies and his Peo- 
 *' pie by falfe Reports. His Arms have been unfuccefsful 
 " in Catalofim and Flanders ; he himfcif has commanded 
 
 •* me to tell you. A vaft Country is abandon'd, and 
 
 *• lofty Towns are the Reward of the Conquerors. It is 
 *' not to feek from you, my Lords, the Comfort that is 
 •' found in the midff of One's Misfortunes, by relating 
 ** them to fincere Friends, that I recall to Mind fo melan- 
 *' cholly a Thought j it is rather to comfort and encou- 
 " rage you. The King my Mafler is perfwaded of your 
 *' Affedion, and of the Share you take in all that ' appens 
 *' to him J he is alfo fenfible, that you know your true 
 *' Inte??ett. 
 
 " Whatever the Lofles of my Mafler are, they 
 *' do not difcompofe his great Mind 5 they do not diflurb 
 " his Councils j they do not exhauf!: his Treafuresj they 
 " do not cool the Zeal of his Subje»51s j he will not grow 
 *' weary of Combating for the Lihertv q{ E'lrope." 
 
 How glorious wou'd that CharatSter be, if it had been 
 True j they .10 not difco?n}ofe bis great Alind ; they do not 
 dijtiirb his Councils 5 he imll net grctv iveary of Corabati72g 
 for the Liberty of Europe. 
 
 Of Comparisons. 
 
 WE return now to ^ere Sonhours^ Cor/Z^arifonS. 
 who tells us, that Comparifons well 
 chofen, and taken from what is great in Nature, form al- 
 ways very noble Thoughts. Longimis^ who wrote Rules 
 for the Sublime^ not only in ExprefTion, but in Thought, 
 thinks nobly himfelf, when he compares 'iDemofikems to a 
 Storm of Lightning, that ravages and bears down all be- 
 
 1 4 fore 
 
iio The ARTS of 
 
 fore it ; and Cicero to a Fire that never goes out, and as it 
 
 advances ftill, encreafes in Strength. 
 
 Comparisons taken from Art are fometimes as 
 good as thofe we take from Nature. A French Panegy- 
 rift fpeaking of the Heroick Adions done by St. Leivis 
 in a Day of Battel j Aftions that were fuperiour to com- 
 mon Valour, fays, ^I'il en efi a pen pres de ces grands ex- 
 emplcs, Sic. *' Thole great Examples are like thofe great 
 *' Pictures, full of Shades and Darkneffes j what I'eem 
 ** at firft to be rough and fhocking to the Sight, thofe 
 *' Strokes which are too flrong, and too apparent to fuch 
 ** as don't underftand them, is a happy Boldnefs and a 
 *' Mafter-piece of Art to thofe that do." On a Medal 
 which was flruck upon Lewis the Xlllth's building the 
 Jefuits Church at ^aris were thefe Words, ftcit m Da- 
 vid, <edijicat ut Solomon, he conquer'd like 2)avid^ he 
 builds like Solomon. 
 
 The French Critick gives us other Comparifons in 
 Honour of his Brother Jefuits. Speaking of the Lives of 
 St. Jgnatnis and St. Xavier, two notable Saints in the Ro~ 
 rnijh Calendar ^ he tells us it was faid, St. Ignatius is 
 Caefar, ixho never did any 'Thing "joithout good Reafon^ 
 St. Xavier /; Alexander, ivhofe Courage [o?netimes has the 
 Majlery of him. This was fpoken by a Prince, and Fa- 
 ther Honhours in return, informs us, that his Highnefs 
 had in him both Jilexander and C<e[ar 5 nay, that he was 
 flus Capitaine que Caefar, £f? aujji Soldat ^jz/j' Alexandre 5 
 a greater Captain than Ceefar^ and as good a Soldier as 
 Jitexander. The Lord Chancellor jBacon^ one of the 
 greateft Genius's of his Age 5 Un des plus grands Genies de 
 fon Siecle, fays, that Aloney is like T>U7ig^ good for nothing 
 till 'tis [pread abroad : This Thought is not only true but 
 witty, yet there is no Greatnefs in itj the Idea of Dung 
 has fomething low in it, fomething that is fhocking to a 
 delicate Imagination. With Father Souhours*s Leave I 
 do not think that any one's Delicacy ought to be more 
 offended at the Word Dung, than at that of Soily and 
 the Idea annex'd to it of Fertility and Harveft, is far from 
 being difagrecable. The fame Lord Sacon ufes this 
 Comparifon again in his Letter to King James about Sut- 
 ton's Hofpital i XLe Oiv72er''s IVealth^ like a Heap ofMtick^ 
 may be [pre ad over your Kingdoms^ to many fruitful ^ur- 
 pofes 5 there, as I obferved is a faving to delicacy, by the 
 Term fruitful, which makes the Thought equally true 
 
 and 
 
LoGicK and Rhetoric k. hi 
 
 and agreeable. My Lord 'Bacon\ Writings are full of juft 
 and beautiful Comparifonsj ^The Waters of the T'ctintaiii 
 of Honour are like thofe oj Holy Wells, they k[c their l/^ir- 
 ttie ifben foldy as the Papifts fay. In the fame Letter con- 
 cerning the Charter-hozije 3 The Appearance of a good In- 
 tention may cure TiefeBs in Execution, as St. Vetcv'sjha- 
 dow ciifd ^ijeafes. In a Letter to Queen Elizabeth, with 
 a New-year's-gift, / rxoii'd to God I 'were hooded, that I 
 fa-w kfs, or that I cou'd -pcrfonn more j for I am noiv like 
 a Ha-Jik that baits, lahen I fee Occajion of Service, but can- 
 not fly, becaufe I ara tfd to anothefs Fifi. In a Letter to 
 the Earl of Salisbury, with his Book of the Advancement 
 of Learning'^ The Argument is good, if it had lighted on a 
 good Author 5 but I pall content my [elf to au-ake better 
 Spirits, like a Sell-ringer, 'which is fir f up to call others to 
 Church. The Word 'Dtmg, in fome Verfes, written by 
 one 'patris, a few Days before he dy'd, has more of the 
 fhocking than the Lord Sacon's: 
 
 Je fongeois cette nuit, ^c. 
 
 I dreamt one Night, that being dead. 
 My Corpje "was by a Seggafs laid ^ 
 ^ho* deep in "Dirt I cou'd not bear^ 
 yo have the for ry Ticgfo 'near. 
 A Corpfe of ^lality, crfd I, 
 Sy fuch a Rogue as thou to lye. 
 Rogue, furlily replied the Elf, 
 Look for thy Rogues, thou Rogue thy felf. 
 We're equal here, and I am noiv, 
 ^hotifeefi, as good a Corpfe as thou. 
 Thy Rank's no better noiv than mine, 
 Tra on my Dung, and thou on thine. 
 
 But what's this to Dryden, who inftead of reducing a 
 poor Carcafs to Dung, makes a Tiunghill of all the 
 World; 
 
 ■ A thoufand other Worlds, 
 
 Of "Which our earthly Tiunghill is the mocrft. 
 
 The ferious Moral to this pleafant Fable excufes the 
 Term Dung, in the Opinion of Father Souhours-^ but I 
 believe it will appear Itis excufeable to the delicate Englijh 
 Reader, than the Lord 'Bacon's. In a Poem call'd La> 
 Magdalaine an defert de la Sainte Saume, There are fome 
 Thoughts which will be Rarities in our Language. Low 
 
 Thoughts, 
 
jzz The ARTS of 
 
 Thoughts, when they are ingenious, may be admitted in 
 comical and burlefciuc Pieces, but fliould be banirti'd from 
 all that are grave and fcrious j as Religious Poems, 
 Speeches, Panegyricks, Funeral Orations, and the like. 
 How is this Rule obferv'd by the Author of the Magdalai- 
 9261 T'/jC ±jes (jf that rejyi-utivg SuDier^ i^ere like Cnyidles 
 that are melted -J of Wiudinills^ they u-ere become IVdter- 
 MiUs J Her fair Lccks of Harr, ixitb "xhich pe ixiifd our 
 Saviour' i Feet^ icere a ^ip-dcut of Gold j Jhe 'was a Holy 
 JJc.rlot^ and int a pithy black Kettle 5 the 'Tears of a God 
 cov'a be mtbivg but Liquor of Life or Sraiidy. jfefus 
 Qyrifi --jcas a great Operator^ ivlo very dextroiijiy couched 
 tie Ccuara£l in Mary Magdalen'i EyeSy and the Hercules 
 inho cleans' d the Stable of her Hearty It muft be own'd, 
 that our Stirgefs's, and our Merito?i\ the Unbuttoning 
 the Cuaky and the fiifping off the Stocking^ do not 
 come up, or rather, as Mr. 'Poj^e will have it, do not 
 fink fo low as this 5 ic outdoes all that Dr. Echard 
 has faid of the merry S.iyings in Country-Pulpits. A 
 French Prieft preaching to fome Nuns, told them they 
 iliould always have the Tooth-picker in Hand -^ for re- 
 gular Societies -zvere like Teeth ^ vjhich couldlnot he fine mi- 
 lefs they -ziere ixell range d^ very ivhite^ and very clean. 
 Every one fees how diifafieful low Terms are in ferious, 
 ai.d efpecially r-ligious. Difcourfes. Of the fame Kind is 
 what an Italian Prieft faid in a Sermon he preached be- 
 fore Cardinal ^(rrtmeo Archbifhop oi Milan ^ on an Eafer 
 Sv.ndny-^ that they had a very holy Archbifhop, who was 
 like an Eafier Eg^^ red, blejjed, but a little hard ; Ha- 
 vete i.in ^Prelate fantiffimo .- e come Vtiove di 'Pafca, roffo e 
 benedctto 5 ?;/^ e vero cF c tin pcco diiretto. The Mini- 
 llers of God's Word fhou'd not trifle thus in their Ser- 
 mons. Thofe that do are a Difgrace to their Function. 
 If they acquaint themfelves as they ought, with the Holy 
 Scriptures, they will have Examples tvery where of the 
 moft noble, the moft great and fublime Thoughts, fuch as, 
 
 / am that T am. 
 
 He [pake, and it "jcas. 
 
 Let there be Light, and there was Light. 
 
 As fimple 2s this lad Thought is in Appearance, and if 
 you regard the Fxpreffion only, it gives a magnificent Idea 
 of the Power of Goth Longmus, as much a Pagan as he 
 was, propofes it as a Model of the Sublime in Thought. 
 
 For 
 
LoGicK and Rhetoric k. 113 
 
 for an elevated Thought may very well agree with /Implc 
 Terms. It often happens, that iimplicity of Expreffion, 
 makes us the more Icnfible of the Greatnefs of Things. 
 We admire, according to Longimn^ the Thought of a 
 generous Heroick Man,tho' he does not fpeak at ail. There 
 is in the Silence of fuch a Hcroe, fomething which fhews 
 the Greatnefs of his Soul, aswc fee in the O.iyjjey. U- 
 lyjjes makes his Submiffion to j^jcix^ to which yJjax does 
 not deign to reply, and that Silence gi\es one a more 
 grand Idea of his Kefentment, than any Thing he cou'd 
 have faid. Ibijus yiiblii/Utus cjl tanqiia?7i In/agv quee ammi 
 inagnimdinem referat : wide ft m interdiim etiam admire- 
 miir niidam abfcjj voce ^ J^er fe fe^/tenriam^ Jitj^jacnfuenti- 
 iim magniim^ ^ ejuavis Omtione fublimkis^ Long. Sedt. z. 
 
 The Strength of Expreffion very often contributes to 
 the Dignity of Thought. The Holy Scriptures are full of 
 Examples of this Kind, as in Maccabees-^ the Earth kept 
 Silence in his Trefence 5 in the Pfalms, The Sea behclds 
 the Lord^ and flies before hifn 5 in the Revelations, Frora 
 Kvhofe Face the Earth and the Heaven fled azvay. What 
 Terms can have greater Energy, than kep fllence, and 
 flies : Is not the Image equally lively and noble, as is that 
 of 'David, when he fpeaks of Mens falling from a High 
 to a Low Condition 5 I have feen the Wicked lifted up like 
 the Cedars af Lebanon 5 I came and behold they '•xere not 5 
 I fought for them, and their ^ lace 'xas no more found. 
 All that the Poets fing of the Deftruftion of T'rcy, Car- 
 thage and Rome, amounts to that only, the Place where 
 they flood remain'd 5 but 'David goes further, the very 
 Place where the Wicked flood in the Height of Fortune 
 was no more found. 
 
 The Prophets abound in flrong 
 Thoughts, and magnificent Idea's, to Strong I'hotightS, 
 which thofe of Hermcgenes, are not 
 to be com par 'd. By ftrong Thoughts Father Soiihours 
 means Thoughts that are Juft, exprefs'd in few Words, 
 and in fo lively a Manner, as to have a quick and power- 
 ful Effeft. Such as are thofe in T'acitiis, upon Otho''s re- 
 folving to dye after he had been defeated by l^'itellius. That 
 Prince addreflles himfelf to his Friends, who wou'd pcr- 
 fwade him to try his Fortune in another Battle, Hunc 
 animinn, hanc virtiitem veflram, ultra periculis objicere, 
 nimis grande vitee me<epretimnptito: quanto plus fpei cflen- 
 ditis, fi vivere placcret, tanto pnlchricr mors erit. Exferti 
 
 invicem 
 
124 The ARTS of 
 
 ^nvicem fttmiis ego ^ Fortima^ Mihi non ultione^ mqtte 
 folanis oj^iis eft. j^iiis dmtins Im^l^ernun temierint^ nemo 
 tarn foruter reliquerit. " My Life is not of fo much 
 ** Worth, as to put fuch Vaiour as yours again to hazard 
 " for me. Tiie great Hopes you give me, if I wou'd 
 ** live, will make Death the more glorious to me. For- 
 *' tune and I have try'd one another enough, and I have 
 " no need of Revenge or Confolation. If others have 
 " held the Empire longer than I have done, none ever 
 " quitted it fo generoufly." He ends his Speech as ftrong-i- 
 ly as he began it. 'Plnm de extremis loqtii pars ignavifi 
 eft. 'Prcecij^uwiz deftinationis me£ documeiitum habere^ quod 
 de miiiine quercr •., nam incuftarc deos vel HomimiS ejus 
 eft qui vivcre 'velit. " There's a Kind of Cowardice in 
 " talking too much of One's Death. Judge of the Refo- 
 *' lution I have taken by this 5 I complain of no Body. 
 *' 'Tis for him that wou'd live to accufe the Gods or 
 " Men." 
 
 What Ger?nanicus faid to his Friends, when he was 
 dying, is very flrong. jT^q/^ tbat are iinhimvn ixill alfo 
 TiiQurufor Gcrmanicus 5 you -ivho are nty Friends^ ctvV/ re- 
 venge my Deathy ij you are really Friends^ and not more 
 c.ttacl'fd to my Fortune than my 'P2rft)n. Fkbunt Germani- 
 cur.i etiarii ignoti j vindicabitis vos, ft me potius quam For- 
 lunam meant fovebatis. The laft Reafon given by 71///- 
 tian for Veftpafmnh fcizing the Empire without further 
 Hcfitation, has great Strength in it, and is worth all he 
 had faid before j }>iam qui deliberant^ d.e'{cv<)erunt y thfe 
 that deliberate are reftlv'd iii fact an j^ft'air as this, and 
 there are no Jileafures to be taken afterzmrds. Of the 
 fame kind is the Thought of Galgacus, the brave Sritiftj 
 King in his Speech to the Sritains^ before the Battle he 
 had with the Rojnans^ who were then Mafters of the beft 
 Parts of the Illand j Ittiri tn aciem ^ majcres ^ 'Pofteros 
 cogitate ; 'Tacit in. Vit. Jgr. " The Fight is about to be- 
 gin, Think of your Anccflors, and of your Defcen- 
 dants J or. There you fee Tribute and Slavery, here 
 Scats'- cr IJbcrty j therefore let us confider the Glory of 
 i7!r Jaceftcrs, and tie Fate of cnr 'Pcfterity , as it is in 
 Archdeacon T^o^/rri's Hiftnry. '■pere Bouhours places the 
 Strength of the Thought in the Simplicity of two Words, 
 j^nceftcrs and ^efcendants j the Energy isjofl by Mr. Ech- 
 ard's extending the Expreffion. 
 
 Hejrry 
 
LoGicK and Rhetorick. 115" 
 
 Henry IV. of France^ laid fomething as ftrong as this 
 to his Soldiers, before the Battle of /i''rj'. I am yoitr Kivg^ 
 mu are French Men^ and there's the Enemy. We read in 
 i?c;v, that Camillits the Dictator had a Saying to the fame 
 Purpofe. Hojfemy an mey anvos, tgJioratislKno-iv ye not ixho 
 the Enemy /5, •:?/;() I ain^ and -ivho you are your felvesi 
 Great Minds often think alike on theiame Occaiions, and 
 we are not always to fuppofc, that I'uch Thoughts are 
 borrow'd from one another when expreit by Pcrfons ot 
 the fame heroick Sentiments. They carry Convidlion a- 
 long with them, compel our Judgement, itir our PaflTions, 
 and leave a Sting behind them in the Soul. The Pero- 
 rations of !Def/wJl/Jenes and Cicero^ the Speeches oiL'roy and 
 Salkift are full of Examples j as is alfo Tacitiis's Hifrory. 
 No Author is richer than he in Mafculine and concile 
 Thoughts. We meet with feveral in Tertiillian of the 
 fame 'Charafter, which are perhaps the fironger for that 
 the Stile is fo rough and barbarous. The Saying ofCrom- 
 ivell to his Soldiers, when he was about to attack the Ene- 
 my^ and heard the Cavaliers curfing and fwearing, Come 
 on ray Lads^ the "Hay is ovr o-xn^ they bla[pleme. The 
 Anfwer of i)a'vid Gam, a welfh Captain, to Henry V 
 before the Battle of Jgincczirt, is of this Kind ; he had 
 been fent out to view the French Army, which was very 
 numerous, and the King inquiring of their Numbers, he 
 reply'd gallantly, I'here^are enough to be kiil'd, enough to 
 he taken, and enough ro run azvay. 
 
 As concife, but much ftronger, is the Saying of King 
 William to the laft riUiers Duke of T^uckingham, who 
 reprefenting to him the Danger Holland was in by the 
 Irruption of the French, and that he muft unavoidably 
 fee its Ruin if he would not fubmit to be Sovereign of it 
 by the Gift o^ France. His Majefty then Prince oi Orange, 
 repJy'd, I have a Way not to fee it, and that is to lye iiz 
 the lajl 7)yke. To find Le--jcis XIV compar'd to Ceefar 
 and Alexander is what one might expert from the Ad- 
 vancement of Eloquence in France 5 and that Monarchs 
 Bounty to Poets and Orators. But neither Jllexatider 
 nor Cdpfar ever expreft fo noble a Sentiment as that of 
 King William. They both of them have had Expref- 
 fions, which fhew'd a Contempt of Death, as fetting the 
 Price of Ambition, and the Luft of Power above that of 
 Life ; but here his late Majefty defpifes Death, not for 
 his own Glory, or to gratifie Ambition 3 he defpifes Power 
 
 at 
 
126 The ARTS of 
 
 at the fame Time, and is willing to dye in Defence of the 
 Liberty of his Country. This is true Heroifm, and needs 
 no Panegyrick but Hiflory. To have been Enemies to 
 fuch a Prince, muft be a comfortable Refiedion, for fuch 
 as were fo, both for themfeives and their Poflerity. 'Twas 
 a fliort and brave Expreflion of Admiral 'Blake ^ when he 
 was triumphing over the Enemies cti. Unglani at Sea j his 
 Officers and Seamen would be often inquiring after News, 
 efpccially about the Changes of the Government at 
 Home 5 What's that to iis^ faid the gallant Slake^ Re- 
 member the Fleet is Englifh, an.i our Enemies are 
 Foreigners. This brave Man dy'd glorioufly in the Ser- 
 vice of hisCountry, was honourably bury'd infVefuninJler- 
 jibhey -, but after the Reftoration, his Corpfe was dug up 
 and flung into a Pit in the Church Yard. This ought al- 
 ways to be mcntion'd, when Blake's Name is in Mention, 
 that Pofterity may be a/iiam'd of fo inglorious an Adion, 
 and be deterr'd from imitating it. To return to 'Pere 
 Souhciirs. The Father of the Horatii in Cf/rwf/Vifei Tragedy, 
 hearing that the third of his Sons ran away, after the other 
 two had been kill'd by the Ctiriacii, faid to yulia a Roman 
 Lady. 
 
 'Plenrez, &c. 
 Weep for the Infamy of all cur Race, 
 ^ulia. What cou'd he do againft Three. 
 Hor. lie could have dy'd. 
 
 That Exprcffion, is a lively and afFe£ling Inftance of the 
 Roman Generoficy. It moves at the fame Time that it 
 ftrikes, in which confifts the Strength of a Sentiment, as 
 does this other PafTagc o^ Ccrneille^ in Imitation o{ Seneca, 
 jfaftn repudiates Alcdea to marry Crei/fa, Daughter of 
 CreoVy King of Corinth. Medea is enrag'd and threatens to 
 deftroy all. She is told, it is not in her Power, that her 
 Husband is unfaithful, and fhe has nothing left. Yes, 
 Medea is left 5 fhe fays in Seneca^ Medea fuper eft. The 
 French Poet has imitated, and as the learned Jefuit thinks, 
 excell'd the Latin. A Confident of Medea's tells her. 
 Voflre Tais -vais hait, Vcjlre Eponx eft fans foy 3 
 ^ans iinfi grand Revers que vcus refte f il I 
 Medea. M(yy Mcy disje, ^ ctf afjez. 
 Conf. 'Xour Count ry hates yctiyyonr Husband's unfaithftih 
 
 What's left you in this dreadful 'Turn. 
 Med. My Self. 
 
 My Self Ifavy ^-nd that's enough. 
 
 There 
 
LoGicK ^7»^ Rhetorick. iiy 
 
 There is a great deal of Force and Grandeur in the Ex- 
 preffion, and not a little Pride too. That Mo}\ my fclf 
 repeated, is pro. idly Taid, and puts one in Mind of the 
 Moy of 'P^^fcal and his Tranfcriber. " The Moy is odi- 
 " ous according to 'r'afi/i/y 'lis unjufl in its felt, inafmuch 
 " as it makes it felf the Center of all I'hings. 'lisdif- 
 " tafteful to others, for that it wou'd fubjedt them to it 
 " felf. Every Alcy being an Enemy, and would be a 
 " Tyrant to all others," which in plain Speakinr^, is no 
 more than this 5 Self-Love cannot be agreeable, bewaufc it 
 regards nothing but it felf, and would domineer over every 
 Thing eli'e. The Tranfcriber refines on his Original, in 
 faying that the confus'd Idea of Moy, is the Principal 
 Objed of Men's Love, the Source of their Plcafurcs, and 
 their Cares. Mr. IVdljb, in the ^Preface we have fpoken of 
 to Firgil's Eclogues, touches on this eternel Mcy of 'Paf- 
 chal ; he meets with it inordinately in Love Verfes, and 
 thinks it is excufeable, nay commendable, to talk of one's 
 felf in Poems of Gallantry, where indeed felt is the Center, 
 and nothing can be done without it. He adds, " Homer 
 " can never be enough admir'd, for this one, fo particu- 
 *' lar a Quality, that he never fpeaks of himfelf either in 
 " the Iliad or O.iyJJey, and if Horace had never told us 
 *' his Genealogy, but left it to the Writer of his Life, per- 
 " haps he had not been a Lofcr by it. This Confidera- 
 ** tion might induce thofe great Criticks,/^^r/>/5and 'Tiicca^ 
 " to raze out the four firft Verfes of the JEueis in a great 
 " Meafure for the Sake of that unlucky Jlie ego. " What 
 CcTiXley fays of thefe Egotifms, is every whit as well faid 
 as what we have quoted out o^^afchal. It is a hard and 
 nice StL^jeB for a M^n to [peak of himfelf it grates 
 his O'-wn Hearty to fay any Thing of 'Difparagementy and 
 the Readers Ears to hear any Thing in 'Praife of him. 
 The Spe6ic:tcr tells us No. 'y6z t\\a.t Montaigne, Author of 
 theEfTays, was the moft eminent Egotift that everappear'd 
 in the V/orld ; but I believe if we look'd out a little, we 
 cou'd match him in England. My Lord Saccn very often 
 made ufe of that Figure, as the Pert Royal term, it in 
 E-aillery. But no Man more than Osburn, Author of the 
 j^dvice to a Son, and feveral Eflays. Sir JVilliam Temple 
 abounds with it, as do all the Memoir JVriters, Englifh or 
 French -^iXidi indeed a Man would be hard put to it, to writs 
 his own Memoirs without having Egotifms in his Writiac:5, 
 notwithftanding what the late Earl of Shaftsburyis pleafed 
 i to 
 
ii8 The ARTS of 
 
 to fay in his Chare^lerifticks 3 " Thefe are the Airs whicK 
 " a neighbouring Nation give themfelves, more particular- 
 *' ly in what they call their Memoirs. Their very Eflay)5 
 *' on Politicks, their Philofophical and Critical Works, 
 *' their Comments upon antient and modern Authors, all 
 *' their Treatifes are Memoirs ; the whole Writing of this 
 " Age, is indeed, a fort o^ Memoir-Writing. Tho' in the 
 *' real Memoirs of the Antients, even what they writ at 
 " any Time concerning themfelves, there was neither the 
 *' / nor the 'Tboti^ throughout the whole Work 5 fo that 
 *' all this pretty Amour and Intercoufeof CarefTes between 
 *' the Author and Reader, was thus intirely taken away. " 
 Has not his Lordfliip forgotten the Writings of Cicero, the 
 moft famous and moft voluminous of the Clafficks, -zt'tofe 
 Works rtm very miicb in the firjl 'Perfon, and be takes all 
 Occafmis to do Ifrmfilf Jiijlice, to ufe the Speftator's Words. 
 He adds, " I confcfs I am never better pleas'd, than when 
 *' he is on this Subjefl:. Such Openings of the Heart, 
 *' give a Man a thorough Infight into his perfonal Cha- 
 *' rafter, and illuftrate feveral JPaflages in the Hittory of 
 " his Life. Befides that there is fome little Pleafure in 
 " difcovering the Infirmity of a great Man, and feeing 
 *' how the Opinion he has of himfelf agrees with what 
 " the World entertains of him. " To conclude, what may 
 be faid on this Subjeft. Here is great Man againft great 
 Man. 'Brutus blames Cicero for his Egotisms. The Lord 
 Shaftshiry condemns them, the Spectator in fome Cafes is 
 charm 'd with them. ^Pere Soubmirs, who cenfures them, 
 in the very Book, has hardly a Page without an Egotifm^ 
 and when a Writer of Memoirs, or even Prefaces ufes 
 the Figure without Vanity j when it is done, to fpeak a ne- 
 cefTary Truth, whether it makes for or againft Him ; I 
 don't fee why any Man's Delicacy (liould be offended with 
 it. Perhaps the only Excufe that can be made for the 
 'TatlerSy Spectators, and Guardians, is that the Perfons are 
 Imaginary ; for there are very few Papers without fome 
 favourable Hint of the Authors Capacity and Judgement, 
 Learning and Honour, Vertue and Merit. Either in the 
 firff, fecond or third Perfon. Thus far we have followed 
 Father 'Botibotirs in the greater Way of Thinking, the fiib- 
 lime, the jiobk, the grand^ the firong^ and in what follow?, 
 we mufk defcend a little. 
 
 Of 
 
LOGICK ^2//^ R HEX O RICK. I29 
 
 Of Jine and agreeable Thoughts. 
 
 TH E feveral Kinds of Thoughts be- 
 fore treated cf, not only gain our Fine 'ThottghtS. 
 belief as they are true, but our Admira- 
 tion, as they are new and extraordinary. Of a lower Ki:. L 
 are agreeable Thoughts, and fine Thoughts, which fur- 
 prize and ilrike us fometimes as much as the noble and 
 lublime, and e£Fe6t that by Agrecablenefs, which the o- 
 thers do by Noblenefs and Sublimity. A fine Thought 
 taken literally is a noble Thought according to u^rijixjl?^ 
 who has declar'd that little Men cannot be beautiful, 
 and that let them be ever fo handfome and well fhap'd, 
 they are only pretty 5 however we very often call a pretty 
 Thought, a fine Thought, and confound what's beautiful, 
 with what's pleafing, after ^emetr'nis's Example, who 
 calls thofc Things beautiful which flatter the Senfes or 
 move the Paflions. 
 
 True it is, fublime Thoughts would pleafe of themfelves 
 and yet they may not be call'd agreeable j for Agreeablenefs 
 is not their Charafter, nor what is predominant in them. 
 They pleafe, becaufe there is fomething grand in them 
 with which the Mind is charm'd 5 whereas agreeable 
 Thoughts may have nothing grand in them, and yet charm 
 by their Agreeablenefs only j and what makes them charm-_ 
 ing, are little Images of fomething foft, tender and deli 
 cate. *Tis in part th2it moUe atque facetmn, which Horace 
 applies to Virgil^ and which we call pleafant 5 but the 
 Pleafantry has a Grace with it not to be defin'd, and of 
 more Kinds than one. Thofe Thoughts that we term 
 agreeable, are not of the Kind wherein that Pieafantry 
 prevails which pafles with us for Jeft. Jefts, 'ris 
 true, have a particular Agreeablenefs, but are not proper 
 to be admitted into the Works of the Ingenious, which 
 commonly are too ferious to fufFer any thing that will 
 make one laugh. 2)icendi Gemis fe-atentiofiira i^ argii- 
 Timt.fententiismn tara gravibus ^ [everis^qitam concmnii 
 es? venuftis. Cic. de Clar. Orat. 
 
 As "Noblenefs of Thought, according to HermogeneSy 
 is deriv'd from the Majefty of the Things thev image to 
 us 5^ fo their Agreeablenefs, according to 'IJemetri as ^ is de-^ 
 riv'd from the Nature of the Objefls that pleafe of 
 
 K themfelves 3 
 
130 The KKi:S of 
 
 themfelvesj fuch as Flowers, Light, fine Weather, and 
 whatever flatters the Senfes. Sunt etitun nofinitUce vc72ujla- 
 tes in rebtts^ tit vympj<ffi^ hcrti^ anwres 3 res enim fuafte 
 mtv.ra hikntate ^ jncunditate quadam omata ejl. de Elo. 
 
 'Tis this that makes f^oitiife's Thoughts lo pretty, for 
 no Man ever knew ib well as he, how to introduce the 
 moft delicate and fmiling Objects of Nature ; as for In- 
 ilance, Vons viendrez icy trouver le printer/is^ 8cc. '^ You 
 <' will here find the Spring, which you have there left 
 *' behind you 5 you will here fee the Violets in Bloflbm, 
 *' after you have there feen the Rofes wither. For my 
 *' Part, I wifli for thdt Seafon impatiently, not to bring 
 " us Flowers and fine Weather 5 but becaufe it is to bring 
 *' us you ; and I fwear it it does not, it will have no 
 " Charms forme." Nothing can be more foft, more gay. 
 The Thought which we find in jlrijlctk's Rhetorick^ 
 Z.il^' ?• c^f- lo- is beautiful, and its Beauty of that Kind, 
 which has more of the agreeable in it, than of the 
 Grand. So many brave Youth ferijh'd ifz the kjl Fight,- 
 that the Zcfs '^Ji'as as conjiderable to the State^ as it -would 
 ihave been to the Tear to have been rob'd of the Spring. 
 
 Father 'Bouhoiirs takes Voittire\ Thought to be 
 every whit as agreeable as that of Pericles. 
 
 Another out of Voittire fpeaking of the Princefs 
 of Conde» " Afrer paffing a large Parterre, and great 
 *' Gardens ftiU of Orange Trees, fhe came to a Wood, 
 " where Light had not enter'd above a hundred Years, 
 •' till it had Entrance with her." This Thought is pretty, 
 but is not to be taken according to the Lettei*, nor the ftriit 
 Rules of Verity. The gallant Way of writing has its 
 Licences, as well as the Poetick, and the Figurative Sig- 
 nification here may pafs for the proper. Light had not 
 enter'' d the Wood in a hundred Yean before : That's the 
 proper Senfe- Jt had Entrance with her : That's the 
 Figurative. Fb/«/refeems to have imitated iJ/^m*^/, who 
 tells the Emperor Do?i2itian^ that tho' it fhould be Night 
 when he made his Entry into liome^ yet the Peopla 
 would not want Light when they fawthe Emperor. 
 
 Jam Csfar vel nofle veni ; flent aftra licebit, 
 Non deerit populo, te veniente, Dies. 
 
 But I think a Lady's bright' 
 
 '^grseabk 'jthcugbts. Eyes, as in Fciture, forms a much^ 
 
 fairer Day in the figure, than 3 
 
 3 Tyraat 
 
LoGicK and Rhetoric k, 131 
 
 Tyrant in his imperial Car as Martial has it. We fee 
 by Voiture's Thought, that the proper and figurative Senfe 
 being mixt forms that Agrecablenefs we are fpeaking of, 
 anci by this Means, may many a Thought be fav'd upon 
 which the Criticks would otherwife have no Mercy j as 
 for Inftance, the Conclufion of the Epigram made on the 
 Duke de Alontmorency's being beheaded over againft 
 the Marble Statue of Henry IV. after the moft powerful, 
 but unfuccefsful Sollicitations for his Pardon, which Le-wis 
 XIII Son oi Henry^QufA. 
 
 Ora patris, nati peftora Marmor erant, 
 
 The Father's Face^ and the Son's Heart "jcere Marble- 
 
 The Excellence of an Epigram often confifts only in joyn- 
 ing the figurative and proper Senfes together, as in that 
 which was made on the Marefchal de 'Bajfompkrre'% com- 
 ing out of the 'Ba(tilk^ after the Death ot Cardinal Ricbe- 
 ■iieu. The Marefchal fpeaks. 
 
 En fin dans I'arriere Saifon ^c. 
 
 Jt lajty tho' late^ 
 
 Mine agrees 'with Armand'5 Fate, : 
 
 I leave my 'Prifon^ France j His Soul leaves His, 
 
 The Word Prifbn, as it relates to the Marefchal, is in thff 
 proper Senfe, and in the Figurative, as it relates to the 
 Cardinal. The following Remark is unworthy ^sre 
 SoTihours's Venetra-t'ion^ tha.t the W^ovd. France there wants 
 but one Letter to be the Anagram ol'BaJfomperre^ whofe 
 Name 'WdiS Frai2cis^ which, fays he, renders the Epigram 
 the more agreeable, but I think the more trifling, and 
 more like a Pun. 
 
 V o 1 T tj R E mingles the Figurative and the Proper very 
 agreeably in his Letter to ih.Q.Connt d^ Avail x. " Say true 
 *' My Lord, as fair as the Weather has been with you, 
 *' is it not more cloudy at Mimfter y fince Madam. 
 ** Longueville left you ! I am fure at leaft 'tis fairer and 
 *' clearer with us, fince ITie retura'd to 'Paris. " There is 
 a Thought in the Memoirs of Srantome very much like 
 «:his. On a Report that the Queen of Navarre^ Sitter to^ 
 Francis I. was d^ad at Aiivergne^ a Courtier cry'd out, it 
 could not be ^ the J feather having been fofair everjince^ 
 sind he mainfairi'd, if the Queen was dead, the Sky would 
 
131 The ARTS of 
 
 not have been fo clear. Vchiire has the Advantage of the 
 Courtier in that his Letter to Monfieur n'A'-jaux^ is all in 
 the pleafant Way, and "Branicvii'J'^ Courtier's Subieft was 
 too lerious to admit oF Pleafantry. /^W/z/rf begins thus, 
 " By what I can fee, you Plenipotentiaries divert your 
 *' leivcs admirably well at Mnnjler. You have had a 
 ** Laugh orcc in fix Month's Time. You did well to 
 " take hold of the firft Occafion, and to make much of 
 *' the little Mirth that happen 'd. You live there in Clo- 
 *' vcr up tu the Ears in Papers, always reading, writing, 
 " corretiing, propcfing, conterring, haranguing, confult- 
 " ing ten or twelve Hours a Day, lolling at Eafe in good 
 " Arm Chairs j while we poor Devils here, are forc'd to 
 *' ride, to walk, to plaj', to chat, to fit up and fpcnd a 
 *' miferable Life. " This is Raillery, and in fuch Raillery 
 the Proper and the Figurative may be confounded without 
 "iving OM'ence to Reafon or Decency. Nay fometimes 
 this may be done on more ferious Occafion, if it be done 
 without Affedtation, as in /^'"wYwre's Letter xo Ma.iemoifelle 
 ^Paiilet. " We every Day draw near the Country of Me- 
 *' Ions, Figs, and Mufcadines, and are about to combat 
 " in Places, where we can gather no Palms, but what 
 *' will be mingled with the Flowers of Orange Trees, and 
 *' Pomegranats. " Farther, Comparifons taken from plea- 
 fant and delightful Subjects, form agreeable Thoughts, 
 as thofe we take from great Subjects, form noble ones. 
 *' It appears to me, fays Cofiar, a great Advantage, to be 
 " inclined to what is good without Conflraint. 'Tis like 
 " a fine Stream that glides gently without Obftruftion, 
 " between two flowry Banks j whereas on the contrary, thofc 
 ** that are virtuous, only becaufe Reafon bids it, and that 
 " fometimes do better Things than others, are like thofe 
 *' Waterworks where Art does Violence to Nature 5 they 
 ** fpout out as high as Heaven, while the Force is upon them, 
 " but on the Icaft Obftacle they itop, and you fee no more 
 *' of them." What 'Bdzac fays of a Rivulet is a pret- 
 ty Thought, " That fine Stream is fo in Love with this 
 *' Country, that it divides itfelf into a thoufand Branches, 
 *' and forms an infinite Number of Ifles and Turnings to 
 " enjoy it the more. 
 
 In a Letter of Mr. JValJIj's to a Lady that aik'dfoT his 
 Hearty he fays, " Tho' to tell a Man that you will difpofe 
 " of his Heart to one who HiaJI ufe it ill, is bur a very imail 
 '* Lnco\iragement for hiai to part with it 3 yet fincc you 
 
 " fay 
 
LOGICK ^WR HE TO RICK. I33 
 
 ^' fay you have a particular Fancy for mine, I cannot rc- 
 "' fufeyoufuch a Trifle upon whatever Terms you dcmanciir. 
 *' 1 have enclos'cl it therefore in this Letter, and trailed ic 
 ** by the Penny Poff, leaf I your Generofity fr.ould have 
 *' made you give a Meflenger more for the bringing it 
 " than the Thing itfelf is really worth." The proper and 
 the figurative Senfe here make very agreable Raillery, ivA 
 the whole Letter is full of it. " 1 wifli Madam, it were 
 *' better for your fake, andcanaffurc you that, were it the 
 *' mofl: modidi Heart in the World, it fliould be sci your 
 " Service. As it is, I^am afraid you will think it very old- 
 " fafhion'djand too much given to thofe antiquatedQiialities, 
 *' Conilancy, and Fidelity. It is probable the Lady for whom 
 " you intend it, may defpife thef^ Things, and think a Heart 
 " of that Sort as ridiculous as a Lover in a fliort Cloak, 
 " flalh'd Sleeves, pink'd Doublet and trunk Hofe. But let 
 *' her not be prejudic'dagainfl: Things for theirfirfl: Appea- 
 *' ranees 5 I have feen a very avvkard Beginner come to 
 *' dance very well at lafl 5 and it is not impoflible but by 
 " good Management the Heart may be brought quite cfi' 
 *' of its Fidelity and Conflancy. You may pleafe to tell 
 " her, that it having been bred up very tenderly till now, 
 ■*' it would be convenient to treat it a little kindlier than 
 " ordinary at firfl, leai^ it fliould be apt to run away : She 
 *' fhould encourage his Sighs now and then with a kind 
 " Whifperj and when (lie {ecs the Fire grow a little faint, 
 " let her give but one or two Looks, and it v^'ill blaze afrefli. 
 *' Having been troubled with an extraordinary Fever, fince 
 " it was in the Prefence of a certain Lady, it ought not 
 *' to be expos'd to the open Air, for Fe?.r of catching 
 ** Cold ; fhe may conveniently enough confine it to her 
 *' Bedchamber, ^c." Never any Author hit Voiture^s 
 Manner fo well in Englip as Mr. V/aiJJj. We Ao not feem 
 in England to underftand the very Word Rr.illery. We 
 take railing and perhaps fcolding to be rallying, tho' they 
 are Antipodes to each other. In another Letter to a Lci-iy\ 
 Kvpjo --xai going to be marry' d^ Mr. IVclp fpeaking of the Eu- 
 jials to the happy Lover, tells her they v^-ere about to put an 
 End to their Defpair after the old Way on fome of the Trees 
 in the Park. "I faid, Cowm^z/fi/'f, it was contrary to all Pre- 
 *' cedent to make ufe of Elms or Lime-Trees, fince the 
 *' Willow had then out of Mind been referv'd for that Ufe; 
 *' and that a Lcv^r, who did not hang himfelf according 
 <^' to Form, had as good never hang himfelf at all. They 
 
 K ; an- 
 
134 1^^^ ARTS of 
 
 *' anfwer'd me very furlily, tho' very truly too Imuft own, 
 " That it was not my Bufincfs : That it was a very hard 
 *' Cafe, People might not hang themfelves without asking 
 *' my Leave j and as they would not hinder me whenever 
 *' I was going about fuch a Thing, fo they took it very ill 
 " that 1 fliould pretend to hinder them. I mull confefs, 
 " Madam, I could fay very little in the Cafe ; and you' 
 " may believe 1 had no great Mind to enter upon a Qiiarrel 
 " with People in their Circumftanccs." I fiiall only add 
 one Inftance more out of Mr. ?^^-''s Letters, where th» 
 Raillery is \exy picquant. " Meeting with one of theLa- 
 " dies laft Night, with whom I am in Love, flie began a 
 *' Difcourfe of Lovers, wherein /lie flicw'd the manv In- 
 *' conveniencies that attended the having a Man of Wit in 
 *' that Capacity. I who do not naturally love to difpute 
 " with a fair Lady (efpecially in aCaufe where I thought 
 " myfelf no more concern 'd than if /lie had talk'd o{ jfezfS 
 " or Mahomet ans^^ agreed wjth her in all flie faid j when 
 ** file turn'd briskly upon me, and faid, lor thatRea- 
 " fon a Woman mufl: have a Care of having any Thing to 
 ** do with me. I told her that was afling after theMan- 
 *' ner of fome late Judges, to call a Thing Treafon with- 
 ** out Law, and then hang a Man for it wirhout Proof, ^r." 
 Eefides the Wit and the Raillery in this Thought, there 
 is a Political Truth which I recommend to the Confidera- 
 tion of Archdeacon il'-^^ri, when he revifes that Part of 
 the Hiilory of Charles II, where he fo highly extolls the 
 Juftice and Integrity of thofe very Judges, We return now 
 to Father "Botihoiin. 
 
 We need not wonder, why the Eclogues of ^heocritns 
 and P^irgily and the Paftorals of fome of the Moderns plcafe 
 us fo much. The Thoughts in them are fo agreable, that 
 one can never be tired with reading them. We meet with 
 nothing every where but Flowers, Woods, Rivers, Shades, 
 and whatever is amiable in a Country-Life, accompany 'd 
 with the Ornaments which the great Mafters of Paftorai 
 Poetry have embellifh'd their Poems with. In this Kind 
 of Writing Hermcgencs allows, that Poetry tends chiefly to 
 plcafe, to amufe and gladden us. He alfo grants, that 
 Fiftion, or fomething a little Poetical, renders Thoughts ve- 
 ry agreable even in Profe. Fabtilee in feittentiis niaxime af- 
 fenint ^uamtatem £SJ dclecl atknem in Oraticvc^ de Formis 
 Orat. cap. 4. Some are of Opinion, that Voittire had this 
 Paflage of Hermogenes in his Head, when he wrote the 
 
 Letter 
 
LoGicK and Rhetoric k. 135* 
 
 Letter of the King of S--vceden to MadcmoifeJIe de Ram- 
 bcinUeT^ and that of the Carp to the '^ike -^ but 'PereTiow 
 fjotirs thinks Voimre learn 'd this Manner of no Body but 
 himfelf, unlefs one wou'd fay of Feiture v.'ith Regard to 
 JIermoge77es^ what was faid of a very great Man wirh Re- 
 fpefl: to Jacims^ That he had got him allby Henrtivithoiit 
 having read him 5 for having naturally a great Deal of 
 good Senfe, and a great Ivnowledge of the World, he 
 had all Political Maxims in his Head, tho' he had no Tinc- 
 ture of Letters. We have in Englip Authors as great Va- 
 riety of fine and agreable Thoughts as there are in any 
 others antient or modern. j^//7ro?/s Defcription of Paradics 
 before mention'd, is exquifitely fine. 
 
 j^ WMernefs of Sm'eets. 
 
 Wild above Rule or Jrr, enormcm Slifs. 
 
 So Is this of JEden : 
 
 Mnd higher than that Wall, a circling Rozv 
 Of goodlicji Trees, loaden Kvith fairejt Fnuty 
 ^lofjcms and Fruits at ones of gd.ien Hue 
 yifj)ear\i -uoith gay enamei'd Colours mix'd: 
 On vchich the Sun mere glad iinpeft his ^eams^ 
 Than in fair evening Cloud, or humid Sozv 
 W^''sn God kathpo-xefd the Earth 5 So lovely fecm^i 
 ^ he Land skip : And 0^ pure, noiv purer u^ir 
 Meets his Approach, and to the Heart infpires 
 Vernal T>elight and Joy, able to drive 
 All Sadnefs but iDefpair : no'W gentle Gales 
 Fanfiing their odoriferous Wings, difpenfe 
 Native 'Perfumes, and ijohifper -ivhence they Jiole 
 ^ Their balmy Spoils, 
 Again, after a very fine Defcription of Paradice, he adds, 
 
 Thus ixas the 'place 
 
 A happy rural Seat of various Vieiv 5 
 
 Groves,whofe rich Trees -zvept od'rous Gums and %idm. 
 
 ^efwixt them La^-xns, or level 'Dozais and Flocks 
 
 Grazing the tender Herb, ivere interposed. 
 
 Or palmy Hillock, or the floi^fry Lap 
 
 Of fome irriguous Valley [pre ad her Store 
 
 Flo-jfrs of all Hue, and -zvithout Thorn, the Rofe : 
 
 Another Side umbrageous Grots and Caves 
 
 Of cool Recefs, o'er 'which the jna?itlmg Vine 
 
 Lfi^s forth her purple Grape, a?2d gently creeps, 
 
 K 4 Liixurii'nt ^ 
 
136 The ARTS of 
 
 Luxuriant 5 medn "johile murmimng Waters fall 
 ^o-zv7t the flope Hills, difpers'd, or w a Lake, 
 I'hat to the fringed Sank, -ixith Myrtle croixn'd. 
 Her chryjlai Mirrcr holds, unite their Streams. 
 I'te Sirds their ^lire apply, Jirs, vernal Airs^ 
 Sreathing the SmcU of Field and Grove, attims 
 ^he trembling Leaves^ ivhile tmiverfal Pan, 
 Knit ivith the Graces, and the Hmrs in Dance, 
 Led on th* eternal Spring. 
 
 Is not this Imagination o^ Mr. Addifoit^ both fine and a- 
 greeable ? 
 
 'Bear me fome God to 'Q-^yx's gentle Seats, - 
 Or cover me in Umbria's Green Retreats-, 
 Where ev'n rough Rocks ivith tender Myrtle bloora. 
 And trodden Weeds fend out a rich perfume. 
 Where Wefiern Gales eternally refide, 
 And all the Seafons lavip all their ^Pride : 
 SloJJbms and Fruits, and Flow'rs together rife. 
 And the iiohole Tear in gay Confufion lies. 
 
 How moving, and yet how agreeable is this Soliloquy of 
 JE-ye, in ^dradice Loft, Book II. lamenting her Expul- 
 sion: 
 
 Muft^ I thus leave thee, 'Paradice^. thus leave 
 'L'hee, native Soil, thefe happy Walks and Shades^ 
 Fit Haunt of Gods ? 
 
 ■ — Oh, FloTJo'rs, 
 
 l^hat never "xill in other Climate grow. 
 
 My early Vifuation, and my laft, 
 
 At Ev'n, which I bred zip with tender Htnd, 
 
 From the firft op^nwg Slid, and gave ye Names^ 
 
 Who nozvftjall rear ye to the Sun, or rank 
 
 Tour 'Tribes, and Water from th' Ambrofial Fount'\ 
 
 Dryden has ftolen, and fpoil'd this in his State of Inno- 
 cence : 
 
 Farewel, ye Flow'rs, whofe Suds with early Care 
 I watch'd, and to the careful Sun did rear. 
 Who now pall bind your Stems'^, or when you fall. 
 With Fountain Strearas your fainting Souls recall'*. 
 
 'T I v<; not upon this Occafion, but on feveral others, 
 that after 1 have been reading Milron's majeftick Poem, 
 
 when 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetorick. 137 
 
 when I turn to Dryden^ I fall as from a Precipice, and 
 cannot foon recover my lelf. Father ^cubciin obi'erves, 
 that ingenious Fiftions have as good an Effe61, fomctimes 
 in Proie, as in Verfe. They prcfent fo many diverting 
 Objefts to the Mind, that they cannot fail of pleafing Pcr- 
 fons of Underftanding, There are two Kinds o! them, 
 the one are the more extended, and form an entire Piece, 
 fuch are the Letters of the C^rp^ and the King oj 6v:eden^ 
 to which we may add, the jDialcgiies cf the 'Lead 5 that 
 Ki^ Love and Fnendpip -^ the MetamcrJ'hUis (j'Oriiii^s^ 
 'JParnaJfus Reform d 5 i\\QJmhorsWi^r-j The Imiis L Or : 
 Thefe little Ireatifes are very witty and ar^recable. '1 he 
 ^Xatlers and S^eBators Tive the belt Things of this Kind in 
 the Liiglip Tongue. There are many ingenious li^iions 
 jn them, which may be compar'd with the beft in ths 
 Lrench Language. The other Sort of Fiflions are fhorr, 
 and fometimes are contain'd in a fingle Thought only. 
 Thus '^liny the Younger ad vifing Ccrnelhii 'Taciws to i\\x- 
 dy even when he was a hunting, ray>'>, that the Exercife 
 of the Body keeps the Soul awake 5 that Woods, Solitude, 
 and the Silence that is kept in certain Chaces are a good 
 Help to right Thinking 3 and in fhort, that if he carries a 
 Pocket-Eook about with him to write his Thoughts down, 
 he will duA Minerva dwells in the Woods and on the Hills, 
 as well as Diana ^ Mifiim efi m anirmis agitations i/2ctiiq^ 
 corj^oris excitetiir ; jaTa undiqiie Sylv<e ^ Solitude^ ipfttmqj il- 
 liid fikntiWii quod venationi dattir, magna cogitationis inci- 
 t amenta [lint, Ex^erierisncnDianain magis montibiis qua^n 
 Minervami72errare. Lib.i, Ep.5. Here's a littleFi61ion in five 
 Words, y/m^ had faid before that he was once at the Death 
 of three wild Boars, and fate himfelf down near the Place 
 where they were caught, with his Pocket-Bookin hisHand, 
 mufing and writing what came into his Mind, that if he 
 had got no Game, he might not have return'd quite emptj''. 
 He would have carry 'd home fomethinginhisPocket-Book. 
 Md retia fedebam : erant iii proximo non venabuliim aiit 
 Jancea^ [ed fiyhis ^ ptigillares. Meditabar aliqiiid, emta- 
 hamqiie^ lit fi manusvaaiaSy plenas tamen ceras repcrtarem. 
 That Thought is pretty enough j but that of Minerva's 
 haunting the Woods like Diana is more agreeable. What 
 Varro fays oiTlaiitiis is a Fidion fomething like this. 'Tis 
 mention'd by ^lintilian^ Licet Varro dicat imifas TLw- 
 tino fermone locnturas fuiJJ'c fi latine loqni velknt. If the 
 Mi^fes ■would talk Latiny it ivou\4 be like Plautus. The 
 
 Thought 
 
138 The ARTS of 
 
 Thought is fine, but every one has a Pretence to it. Cicero 
 &vi6.V(ilenniMaxifmisi^3iy, lijfu^iter --xoti'd talkGtttk^ 
 it 'WOu''d be in the La-ngiiage c/PJato. It was fa id by ano- 
 ther, that tlie Mufes fpokc with the Mouth of Xenojfljon. 
 According to ^liny the Younger, one of his Friends wrote 
 Letters in fo elegant and fo pure a Stile, that whoever read 
 them would believe the Mufes themfelves talk'd 
 Latin. Epiftolas qnidem fmbit tit miifas ij^fas /atine kqui 
 credas. '1 was faid of a Lady of the Freiich Court, If the 
 Graces ivctfld tdk^ it ivoiCd be ivitb her Month. We may 
 add to this, what Le Tefli feign'd on the Death of Zcpezi 
 dsVega J and he is the Horace of the Italia?ts^ as I'd]]!} is 
 their jyirgil. The Poet demands, whither the S^anifo 
 Swan is fled ? The Anfwer is, Apollo has call'd him to him- 
 felf, that he might not fing alone on 'Parnajfus. 
 
 Forfc piac^uc ad Apollo a fe chiamarlo 
 Per non efler in Pindo a cantar folo. 
 
 He adds, that fince Zo/^z^'s Death ^"^o/Zo has play 'd nothing 
 but Spanip Airs on his Lyre, and that the Eloquence of 
 the Cafiilian Poet has caus'd a Change in the Language 
 §f 'J^arnajfits. 
 
 Ne piu di greci accent! 
 O di Latini, e Tofchi il bionde Arciero » 
 
 Tempre le corde dell aurata cetra : 
 Sol d'lfpani conccnti 
 
 E-imbonban Pindo e Cerra : e in fuono 
 Ibero Volano arguti carmi a ferir I'etra, 
 
 Tanto puo, tanto Impetra 
 La facundia di Lope: Ei fol fu dcgno 
 
 Di mutar lingua alii Appollineo rogno. 
 
 Thefe fingle Figures borrow'd from Poetry very much en- 
 liven Prole. The elder y//;;jy, who, according to Voiture^ 
 is much preferable to the Younger, fpeaking of the Koman 
 Dilators, who, after having commanded Armies, and ob- 
 tain'd Vidories, till'd their Lands, and held themfelves 
 the Plough, fays ; the Land rejoiced to be cultivated by 
 vi(f^orious Labourers, and turn'd up by a Ploughfhare 
 charg'd with Laurels, Goiidcnte terra vomere laiireato, ^ 
 triiunpbali Aratore. He fays elfewhere, that the Houfes 
 where the Statues of Heroes of a noble Race were plac'd in 
 Order, did fmell of their Triumphs, tho' they hadchang'd 
 Mailers 3 and that the very Walls rcproach'd a Poltroon 
 
 who. 
 
LoGicK and Rhetorick. 139 
 
 ■who inhabited them ; that he daily enter'd a Place that 
 was confecrated by the Monuments of another's Virtue 
 and Glory, T'rmmphabant etiam^ dominis mutatis^ ij>fce do- 
 miis } ^ erat h^cfiimidatio ingens^ exprobrantibus teEiis^ 
 qiwtidie imhelkm domimim intrare in alknum tnumphiim. 
 Tho' the Lands Rejoycing, and the Houfes Reproaching, 
 have fomething lively and fine in Imagination, which plea- 
 fes the Mind j yet a Metaphor that marks the A6iion gives 
 it as much Pleafure. The fame '^liny lad quoted, to 
 exprefs the Ufe that's made of Arrows fays, We have giveni 
 Death Iron Wings, to make him come to us the falter, Ut 
 ocyns Mors fervemret ad hcminem a lit em illam feci?>w.s^ 
 fenvafqiie jerro dedimns. Is there not as much Life and 
 Agreeablenefs in this Thought as in that of Horace^ of the 
 jCares that hover over golden Roofs ? 
 
 Non enim Gaza:, neque confularis 
 Summovet liflor miferos tumultiis 
 Mentis &: curas laqueata circum 
 Tefta volantes 
 
 Thus tranflated by Ot-'my : 
 
 Since Wealth and ^o-Ter too "jceak "xefind 
 To quell the ^lunults of the Mind ; 
 Or from the Monarch's Rocfs of Stat e^ 
 2)rive theiice the Cares that round him wait. 
 Hafpy the Man^ &c. 
 
 jMalherb's Thought, which we have apply 'd to our Englip 
 Kings as he did to the French^ {cfsa^ to be taken trom 
 this : 
 
 jNc5r can the Guards that ivait 
 
 Jt Whitehall Gate 
 Froj/Z 'Death defejid onr Kings. 
 
 The Metaphor is, 'tis true, a Magazine of Charms 5 and 
 there is nothing perhaps which flatters the Mind more 
 than an Objeft under a foreign Reprefentation. We love, 
 as j^riftot/e ohfevveSy to fee one Thing in another, and that 
 which wou'd notftrike of itfelf, nor with an open Look, 
 furprifes in a borrow'd Drefs, and with a Mask on. Thus 
 of a fimple and common Propofirion as this, 'I^he Dat.'gh- 
 ters of Trance do not fiicceed to the Crc'xn, cne makes a 
 witty and agreeable Thought, by faying as 'tis faid in the 
 Gofpel, I'he Lillies dcn^t ffm 5 or as in the Fable, a Tiijla^^ 
 doii't become the Gallick Hercules. Sometimes a Thought 
 
I40 The ART S of 
 
 that's entirely fimple and pure, has the fame EfFefl withotic 
 the Help of Metaphor. Caiiiliiis^w give an Idea of a Lady 
 of a fine Air, Shape and great Beauty, tells us, fl^e had 
 robb'd all Women of theirCharms thathadany. 
 
 Omnibus una omnes furripuit Veneres, 
 
 Has not ^oitiire robb'd Catiillm in his Viiion ol McJemcU 
 felle de "Bourbon^ where he imagines very extraordinary 
 Robberies, to exalt th€ Merit of that Princefs ? " As X 
 *' have been painting her, you will have Reafon to think 
 " fhe's a Beauty very diflerent from Queen Epicharh 3 but 
 " if fhe is not that Egyptian Queen, (he is perhaps every 
 ** whit as great a Robber. While ihe was yet an Infant, 
 *' fhe liole Whitenefs from Snow, and Lufhe and Purity 
 " from Pearls. She took from the Stars their Beau- 
 *' ty and their Light 5 and there's hardly a Day paffes flill 
 •* but fhe Heals a Ray from the Sun, and docs it in Sight 
 ** of all the World. Finally, in an Aflembly at Court, 
 *' /he took away Grace and Brightnefs from all the 
 " Ladies there, and all the Diamonds with which 
 " they were adorn 'd. Nay, fhe did not fpare the Jewels 
 *' of the Crown that was upon the Queen's Head, bat 
 ** ftole from it whatever was moll: briiiant and moil fair." 
 This is pleafantly imagin'd, and the Air of Gayety in 
 which it is fpoken, excufes what there is in it that feems 
 to be falfe and in Excefsj for, according to Soiihotirs 
 'i:was true, in the Main, that Mndemoijells de Boiirhon ex- 
 cell'd all the Ladies of the Court in Beauty. And the 
 Robberies flie is charg'd v.'ith are an ingenious Turn given 
 the Thought to exprefs it the more agreeably. My Lord 
 J^nnfdo'Vim exprefles himfelf finely and agreeably in his 
 Poem call'd the Tngrefs of Semi ty. 
 
 Sut fee 272 bright Array ^ 
 What Hofls of heavenly Light recruit the "Day 5 
 J^ove in a pining Galaxy appears 
 triumphant ftill, and Grafton leads the Stars. 
 
 Ingenious and agreeable is a Saying of the young Dutchefs 
 of Scnrbonh Difcretion and Wit, by a French Poet. 
 
 Vous n'aviez pas encor dix Ans 
 Que voftre Efprit avoit trente. 
 When you 'were but ten Tears old^ 
 Tour Wit 'was thirty. 
 
 Maror^ 
 
LoGicK a;/^ RhetOrick. 141 
 
 M^rcty fpeaking of a Lady in the Court of Francis I. has 
 the fame Thought. 
 
 Dixhuit Ar.s je vous donne 
 
 Eelle & bonne : 
 Mais a voftrc fens raffis 
 Trente-cinq ou trente fix, 
 J'en ordonne. 
 Tour Jge, nccordwg to my Giiefs, 
 Is eighteen TearSy nor raore nor lefs 5 
 'Bntfo mat lire's your Wit, 
 More Tears to that 1 ?imfl admit. 
 Its Jge to t-zvice the Number five, 
 Js tuirty-five or thirty-fix. ' 
 
 The different Numbers oppos'd to one another make the 
 Turn alike pretty and agreeable. The latter generally 
 comes from Oppofition, efpeciallyin Thoughts that have a 
 double Senfe like tv/o Faces. This Figure which feems to 
 deny that it aflerts and contradii^s itfeif, in Appearance, is 
 very elegant. We meet with many fine Examples of 
 it in the Antients. Sophocles fays, the Gifts of E- 
 nemies are not Gifts 5 and an unnatural Mother is no 
 Mother. Seneca^ That a great Fortune is a great Servitude. 
 Magna Servitus ejt magna Fortiina. And 'Tacitus^ 
 That Men fometimes do very little AdHons to make them- 
 felves great, and behave themfelves fervilely that they 
 may reign 5 omnia fervi liter pro dominatione. i/cr^re fpeaks 
 of a foolifli Wifdom, a bufy Lazinefs, and a difcording 
 Concord. Modern Authors are full oflnflancesof the like 
 Kature as this : *' Kings are Slaves upon the Throne 5 the 
 *' Body and Soul are two Enemies that cannot leave one 
 " another, and two Friends that can't endure each other." 
 Vcitiire will have it that the Secret to preferve Health and 
 Gayety, is to have the Body in Motion, and the Mind at 
 Reft. He fays of a Man of Quality and Wir, with whom 
 he corrcfponded, / am never [0 proud as ivhen I receive 
 ycur Letters, nor fo humble as tvhen I wcn'd a72Jhver theirs. 
 A Spanijh Poet had this Expreffion on ths Death of a 
 Queen of Spain : 
 
 Viva no pudo fer mas : 
 Muerta nu pudo fer menos. 
 Jivi.}:g, pe CQ7i\i i:ot greater be. 
 And dead, JJje can't be lefs. 
 
 All 
 
I4^ The ARTS of 
 
 All the Beauty is in the Oppofition. The Thought i« 
 othervvife common enough. 1 he Oppolition furprifes us^ 
 and fets the Mind at Work to reconcile the Oppofites which 
 gives the PJeafure, which we find in an agreeable Thought. 
 Mcirot concludes his Epitaph on Madam de Chateau- 
 orient y with fomething like it. 
 
 Souscc tombeau gift Francoife dc Foix, 
 
 De >[ui tout bien tout chacun fouloit dire 
 
 ^x.\e difant one une feule fois, 
 
 Ne s'avanca d'y vouloir contredire : 
 
 De grand Beaute, de Grace qui attire, 
 
 De bon icavoir, d'Intelligencc prompte, 
 
 De biens, d'honneur, <3c mieux que ne racontc,' 
 
 Dieu Eternel richement I'etofta, 
 
 O viateur, pour t'abreger le Conte, 
 
 Cy gift un rien la ou tout triompha. 
 
 Frances de Foix lies imderneath this Stone, 
 JVell fpoken of by ev*ry one^ 
 Her Beauty and her charming Airy 
 Learning a?2d Wit -ivithotLt Com^arey 
 P/ealrh, Honour y all that Heaven beflo'w'd 
 Upon her that '•jcas great and goody 
 Lies herCy or here to end my "I'aky 
 A nothing lies that trittra^h^d ever all. 
 
 The Epitaph of jfames Trivtilci bury'd at Mikii^ oavcs 
 all its Beauty to Oppofition and Brevity, 
 
 Hie quiefcit qui nunqoiam quievit. 
 
 He ivho ntmr rejledy no-iv here rejls. 
 
 This Warriour is 'much fpoken of in the Hiftory oi Ita^ 
 ly. He dy'd at fourfcore Years old, and 'Brantome tells 
 us that juft before he departed, he would have his naked 
 Sword put into his Hand, becaufe he had heard that the 
 Devil was afraid of a drawn Sword 5 upon which ^erc 
 Soiihoiirs fays very gravely. He had better have held a Crofi 
 or a cojifecrated Candle in his Hand. One can hardly tell 
 which is moifc filly, the A6tion or the Refleftion upon it. 
 ^rivulci's Thinking to fcarc the Devil with a naked Sword, 
 or the Jefuit's reproving him for not taking a confecrated 
 Candle in the Place of it. An Englip Warriour Syivar^ 
 Earl of Northumberland before the Gonqueft, perceiving 
 
 his 
 
I 
 
 LOGICK ^?»^ RhET ORICK. I43 
 
 liis Death to approach, cry'd out, Honxi ajh'am^i am I that 
 JJhoztU not dye glorioujly in fo mmiy 'Battles^ but to be thus 
 referv'd to the ignc/nitimis iJeath of^eap. Arm mcjoitb 
 my impenetrabLe Corjlet^ gird me ivith my faithful Sword^ 
 /indfet my Helmet u^on my Head^ give me in my left Hand 
 my large Stickler, and in my Right my gilded Scimiter^ 
 that being a valia7it Soldier like a Soldier 1 may dye. He 
 did not think of frighting the Devil with his Scimirer. Ha 
 would only be found in a Pofture after Death worthy his 
 great Charafter when living. As is faid of Lucretia^ 
 whofe Ileroifm confifted in Chaftity as Earl Syiicard\ did 
 in his Courage, and fhe was defirous to be found after her 
 Death in a Pofture becoming her Charafter, as Earl Sy-icard 
 was. 
 
 Tunc quoque jam morlens, ne non procumbet honcller 
 Afpicit, h£2c etiam cura cadentis erat. 
 
 iDyingjbe at her 'Death took Care to lye 
 So decent as to dra'w no ijcanton Eye. 
 
 \ muft own I am pleas'd when I meet with any Inflanceof 
 fublime or fine Thoughts in Foreigners, that we can't pa- 
 rallel in our own Tongue 5 for without Partiality the Ad- 
 vantage is almoft always on our Side, as in this Example 
 of Trivulci and Earl s'yjcard. 
 
 P E R E Soiihoiirs is very fond of picking his fine 
 Thoughts out of Speeches or Verfes upon Le-'vis the Four- 
 tienth. We muft confider he wrote at a Time, when that 
 King was in the Zenith of his Glory, and when both hz 
 and his Subjefts believ'd it would be as immortal as his 
 Motto. The Jefuit thinks this Vcrfe upon him worth a 
 whole Panegyrick. 
 
 Pace beat, totum bello qui terruit orbem. 
 
 He adds, the Fre^ich Tongue has not Words to exprefs it 
 in its full Beauty. Celny qui a fait trembler le Alonde par 
 fes Armi le rend heuretix;par le ^aix. Why may it not bear 
 chis Verlion 5 
 
 With ^eace he flatters '•j:hom he flagtCd-ivith War. 
 
 We have fuch an Idea of that Prince's breaking of 
 Treaties, of making War by Surprize, and Peace by Poli- 
 cy, that thefe Things feem Jells to us, which are the Ad- 
 mi ratiOQ of the French i and it is no Wonder that their 
 
144 27;6' A R T S ^/ 
 
 Poets had fo many fublime grand and fine Thoughts on 
 the Subject, if it be true what Mr. Waller faid to King 
 Charles II. as we read in the Menagiana. That Prince 
 upbraide'd the Poet for writing fo well upon 6'r(3;»'Zf£'//,and fo 
 poorly on himfclf. Mr. Wuller reply'd, We Toets^ Sir^ 
 jucceed al-Tvays better in Ficfion than in 'Truth. We may 
 venture upon a little more of Father Soiihoiir^s Panegyrick 
 on Zoii'is le Graiii 3 
 
 Plus pacafTe orbem, quam domuifle fuit. 
 
 ^here is more Glory in giving 'Peace to the World^ than in 
 conq'rir/g it, which does not pleafe one fo much as the for- 
 mer Verfe, where there is the Oppofition, 'Pace ^ Sellc^ 
 the Peace and the War. The latter Thought may be the 
 Wronger, but the former is more agreeable. On theCaftle of 
 Verfailks was put a Globe, where the Arts were painted, 
 and Poetry fpeaks for them with her ufual Modefty. 
 
 Pingere cur libeat ? dum te cano, Maxime Regum, 
 Fabula narrari creditur, hiftoria eil. 
 
 What need 'xe feign your ^nighty Tieeds tofing, 
 ^Tis Hijlory and not Fable, of the King. 
 
 Fable and Hiftory oppos'd to one another, make the 
 Thoughts fine. 
 
 Pliny the Younger fpeaking of the 'Dacian War, which 
 a Friend of his was about writing, fays, ^ice tarn Poeti- 
 ca, ^ qiianqiuii'a in 'verifjimis rebus t.im fabiilofa materia ? 
 How poetical is the Subjeft, and what can look more like 
 Fable, tho' all the Events be moft true ? 
 .^Htithefes. Nothing pleafes more than Antithefes 
 
 well manag'd in the Writings of the In- 
 genious. The Effeil is much the fame as that of Light 
 and Shades in a Piilure, where the Painter places them 
 with Art, or rather like Treble and Tenour- Voices in Mu- 
 fick, when happily mingled by an able Mufician. Howe- 
 ver a Thought may be agreeable without this Brillantin it, 
 without playing upon Words, or giving Turns to it by Ex- 
 preffion. Naivete only will ferve inftead of any other Charm. 
 1 fhall have Occafion to make ufe of the 
 Naivet/. Word Naivet- fo often, that I have pre- 
 
 fum'd to naturalize it, notwithftanding it 
 gave Offence to a famous Author, Dr. i)rake, in the Reign 
 of King William. I defire every Critick to offer a bet- 
 ter 
 
LoGicK and Rhetoric k. 145* 
 
 ter Word before he cenfures this. There is fomething 
 more underltood by JST^z/than Natural or Simfk^ Terms 
 made ufe of at the fame Time to fignify fomething lefs 
 than the Word Naif. 'Pere "Boiihours writes of it in this 
 Manner. Naivety confilis in I know not what fimple and 
 ingenuous Air, which has in it fomething witty and rea- 
 fonable, fuch as is that of a Child that has Wit, or of a Vil> 
 iager of good Senfe. The greateft Part of the Epigrams 
 of the Anthologia are of this Kind. If there is nothing 
 in them that's picquant, there is fomething that tickles, and 
 without having the Salt q>{ Martial^ there are few of them 
 infipid. Butfome there are, as thofe that were tranflated and 
 read to Monf Racan, which he thought fo bad and fo flat, 
 that dining at a Prince's Table, where a Soup was brought 
 which had too muchWater in it, he whifper'd to a Friend, 
 who had feen thofe Epigrams, ^ Greek ^Sto/, if there ever 
 ivas 07ie. The Epigrams in the Anthologia^ which are dif- 
 tinguifh'd by their Naivety^ are thofe on Myro7i's Cow, and 
 fuch like Subjects, which as fimple as they are, muft be al- 
 low'd to be alfo ingenious. 
 
 M-^hy lo'x'fi thou little Co-zv ? 
 Art has not give?i me Milk. > 
 
 Another. 
 
 T'hou Jlrik'fl rne^ Shepjerd^tomake me go^ 
 
 Art has deceived thee 5 
 
 J had not my Lifefrora Myron. 
 
 Petit Veau pourquez meugles-tu ? 
 L'Art ne m'a point donne de lait. 
 
 Another. 
 
 Pafteur tu me frappez pour me fair marcher, 
 L'Art t'a bientrompe, Myron nem'a pasanimee. 
 
 I give Father Tioiihours's Verfion from the Greek^ that he 
 may anfwer for it if the Thought is evaporated 5 for I can 
 make very little Senfe of it 5 and if to be ;;/7// was to think 
 and fpeaic like the Greek Shepherd here, the Naivety 
 or Simplicity wou'd be like that of a Simpletcn^ as we term 
 it in EngliJIj very near Idiotifra. The following are on the 
 Statues of the Gods and Goddefies : Or Jupiter came do-zvn 
 from Heaven to pe-zv himfelfto Phidias, or Phidias "Ji'ent 
 thither to fee Jupiter, "Pallas and Jmo looking on a Sta- 
 
 L tue 
 
146 The ARTS of 
 
 tue of Femis, fay, TFe -zvere in the Wrong to condemn tbs 
 jfudgtT/ient of Paris. 
 
 On the Image of CuJ;'id in Chains, and bound to a Pil- 
 lar; Little Ckud^ \xJjo has ty\i your Handsl 'Do mt --xeep^ 
 you ivho take 2)elight in 7nakr,ig yotmg 'Veople 'zvee;p. The 
 Authors of thefe Epigrams had a Genius fomewhat like 
 that of thofe Painters, whofe Excellence lies in certain de- 
 licate Naiveties^ fuch as Caregio's Pieces, whofe Pidures 
 of Children have a Delicacy that is extreamly afFe6Hng. 
 Something fo enff.ntin that Art fcems to beKature herfelf, 
 according to Lcnginm's Rule : l^imc perfe^a ars cum 71a- 
 ttirmn ita expimity tit Nattira ip[a videattir. Longinus. 
 Art is never info high a Degree of 'PerfeBion^ as -ixhen it 
 fo nearly refenibles Jsiattire as to betaken jor it. Jind on the 
 contrary y Nattire never fiicceeds better ^ than ijohen the Art 
 is bidden^ Cap. 18. I have elfevvhere condemned the Af- 
 feftation of French Words, when we have Englip ones that 
 will exprefs the Things to be fpoken of as well. I have 
 ui'd Islaivety^ becaufe we have not a fingle Word to 
 exprefs it, and enfantin for childifli, becaufe enfanti}i 
 does not fignifie entirely what Childifh fignifies in Englip. 
 Enfantin means that Air which is natural to Children, and 
 diliinguiflies them from all other Ages. Childip in Eng- 
 lip is the Corruption of that natural Air, fomc filly and 
 apifli Aj6fe6lation. Soileau in his Epiftle to the Marquis de 
 Seignelai : 
 
 Nature by Study and by Art isfpoil'd^ 
 While every T'hing is charmng in a Child. 
 
 Shou'd I have made ufe of the Word Simplicity inftead o^^ 
 Naivety y what a Conception cou'd the Reader have had 
 of it, after having read this in Mr. 'Pope's Notes on his Ho- 
 7ner^. Simplicity is our Word of Difguife for apamefiil un- 
 poetical Ncgle^l of Expreffwn 5 by which he aflures us, 
 that we do not know what the Simple in Style is, and by 
 which he more certainly feemsnot to know it himfelf: For 
 Simplicity is fome of the Perfeflion of Thought and Ex- 
 preflion. Nay in the Sublime that noted Paffage in Scrip- 
 ture, 
 
 Let there be Eighty and there ixias Light-, 
 
 35 rendered the more fublime by its being firriple, as 'Peye 
 Scnhot/rs informs us p. 138. Ce Trait Ji fj/iple en apparence, 
 8ic. 7 his 'paffagefofim^le in Appearance f andivithRe- 
 
 fpeB 
 
LOGICK ^//^ RhET ORICK. I47 
 
 fpeEi to the Terms cnly^ gives one a magnificent Idea of the 
 '■^o'vcer of God. Inrtead of '^c.jjage^ if I had faid Trait 5 
 and fpeaking of the enfantin Air above mention'd, if 1 
 had faid Riant inltead oi Smiling^ for a Characteriltick of 
 itj'twou'd be no more than Mr. ^o^e has done in the fame 
 Kotes. But I think what follows has no Parallel, in any 
 Tongue, for a Babel of Languages : Noticing is more li- 
 vely and ;^i£iurefque, than the attitude Patroclus is here 
 dejcrib'd in. The 'Pathetick of the Speech is finely contraf 
 ted by the Fiene of that 0/ Achilles. Notes on Homer. Which 
 in ^\di\n Englifi is, Nothing is more lively and fiiSltire like 
 or pidurifli than the 'Pofiitre Patroclus is here dejcrib'd in. 
 The Tendernefs of this Speech, being a fine Oppofition to the 
 Fiercenefs of that r/ Achilles. I hope after thisl fliall find 
 Mercy for having us'd the Word Naivety, and that no Body 
 will condemn me tor it before they have found out a bet- 
 ter. Father 'Botihoiirs tells us, that among the Latins^ 
 Ovid ^nd Catullus are Originals for this Naivety of Thought. 
 The Metamorfhofes, the Fafii, and de Trifiibus, are full 
 of Examples, the Number fo great that one can't enter up- 
 on them. What Catullus fays of a Perfume, is agreeable 
 for its Naivety only, 
 
 Qiiod tu cum olfacies, 
 
 Deos rogabis totum ut te faciant, 
 
 Fabulle, nafum. 
 
 When yoti fmell it, yott ivill pray the Gods 
 To be allNofe. 
 
 Totum Fabulle Nafum in Latin, is not fo burlefque as to 
 be all Nofe in Englip. The Nofe in England being fo ot- 
 ten bloated by Intemperance, and disfigur'd by Difeafe, 
 tliat we cannot think of being all Nofe without Grimace. 
 
 A Fre7ich Madrigal on the Praife of a Man of Merit, is 
 very pretty for the fame Quality. 
 
 Eleve dans le vertu, 
 Et malheureux avec clle, 
 Je difoiSjA quoifcrs-tu, 
 Pauvre o: iterile Vertu ? ^c, 
 
 Sred up in Virtue, 
 Andivith Virtue ivretched-^ 
 Of 'What Ufe art Thou, I cry\i^ 
 Toor and barren Virtue i 
 
 L z S7 j? 
 
148 The AKTS of 
 
 I'hy Integrity^ thy Zeal 
 
 Cafl up all, ajid make Abatemeiin^ 
 
 Are not '•jcorth a RiiJIj. 
 
 'But hold, ifeVe out fiiice great Pomponne 
 
 Is highly honcufd and advanc\4^ 
 
 She mtijlbe good for fojnething. 
 
 Of the fame Kind is this Epitaph of ScarroUy made by 
 Madam Mahitenoji's firfl Husband. 
 
 Cy gift qui fut de belle Taille, ^c. 
 
 Here lies a Man '•xho ivas --xeUpafd, 
 CoiCd dance, coiCdjing, and cou'd --jcith JEafi 
 Make Verges, and ^jchen made, repeat them. 
 He had feme Pretence to Ance^ry 5 
 Among them Warriours might he reckoned 5 
 He cotCd talk "xell of War, of Stars, 
 And of this Globe of Earth, of Zam 
 Civil and Canon coiCd ke talk. 
 Sy their Caufes and EffeEis, 
 Enough he kneiv of inany 'I'hings : 
 Was he an honefi Man ? Ah no ! 
 
 The Poet that was moft noted in France for Naivety of 
 Thought in his Verfes, was the Chevalier de Cailly, who 
 publifh'd his Poems under the difguis'd Name of the 
 Chevalier de Accilly 5 he call'd them Tetites 'Poefies, fmall 
 Poems. The Author was a Man of Wit, Simplicity and 
 Candour. A certain Scholar, had made the Word Alfana^ 
 to come from Eqiius, a Ilorfe, on which he wrote 5 
 
 Alfana vient d'Equus fans doute, 
 
 Mais il faut avouer aufli 
 
 Qu en venant dela jufqu icy 
 
 II a bien change fur la Route. 
 
 Alfana, doubtless comes from Equus, 
 
 'But it muft alfi be allo-vfd, 
 'That coming thence fo far as this. 
 
 He ojt has changed upon the Road. 
 
 In other Verfes of his he ftiews his Difintereftednefs with 
 much Naivety. 
 
 Quand je vous donne on Vers ou profe, 
 Grand Miniftre, je Je fcay bien, 
 Je ne vous donne pas grand chofe : 
 Mais je ne vous demande Rien. 
 
 When 
 
LoGicK and Rhetoric k, i^c^ 
 
 When I giveyoti Verfe or ^rofcy 
 Great Minijier^ Ik720--wftill ixell^ 
 ''Tis no great Matter that I give ; 
 Silt then^ I ask yoii nothing foft. 
 
 M^ynard is not fo naive^ nor fo generous, in his Epigram 
 on Rkhelieti's leaving him unrewarded. 
 
 Armand I'Age afFoiblit mes Yeux, ^>c. 
 
 Armand, I'ay Eyes imth Age groxv dira^ 
 
 1'he 'Blood ■-jcithin my Veins is cold^ 
 Soon on the Borders of the Stygian Lake 
 
 I pall ?ny Anoefiors behold. 
 J there pall be among the I'raiiz 
 
 Of the mighty King of France, * 
 Father of Learning, tho' his Reign 
 
 Was the dark Age of Ignorance. 
 When I approach hira^ he II demand 
 
 What you have done to humble Spain : 
 ^his by your Life he^ll underflaji.i^ 
 
 And ne'er for Pavia grieve again. 
 Butjhoit'd he ask me^ '•j:hat Employ 
 
 Tou gave me^ ^what Re-ward I did receive ? 
 Since I did neither this nor that enjoy ^ 
 
 What Anfixer pall J give ? 
 
 Cardinal Richelieu wrote under Rien^ nothing. Upon 
 which, the poor Poet went and wrote thefe Verfes, to 
 be put over his Clofet Door. 
 
 Las d'Efperer, ^c. 
 
 Weary of'ivaiting and co?nplaining 
 Of the Great, the Age, and Fate ; 
 ■ Here, the 7'irae that is remaining^ 
 I for T^eath ixsill only ixait. 
 Til attend his coming here^ 
 Nor will mp it, nor will fear. 
 
 I believe thefe Verfes wou'd ferve for more Clofet Doors 
 than one 5 As Richelieu'' s Anfwer, Rien Nothing, will ferve 
 for more Minifters than one. Bat the important Cares of 
 the State, and the more important Cares of their own 
 Fortune, may well be fuppos'd to fufpend fometimes their 
 Generofity, and even Gratitude, and to make them very 
 cafy under a poor Author's Refentment. 
 
 L 3 Of 
 
 l^rmciSi I, 
 
I5'0 The ARTS of 
 
 Of all the Poetry in the French Tongue, nothing has 
 more Naivety in it, in 'Pere Soubouri's Opinion, than this 
 of Gcimhaud. 
 
 Colas eft mort de Maladic; 
 
 Tu veux quej'en pieure le Sort: 
 
 Qiie diable veux tu que j' en die ? 
 
 Colas vivoit, Colas eft mort. 
 
 Colas d'ni of Sickness dye. 
 
 Whet then ? Why^ mourn for him., yon cry. 
 
 Mourn ^ Sir^ 'xhat jnore is to be fat d ? 
 
 Colas liv\i — CoJas is dead. 
 
 Some will fay that as naif as thefe Thoughts arc, there 
 is fomewhat of Antithefis in them. 
 
 'J/; no Great Matter that Igive^ 
 Silt then I ask you nothing f oft. 
 Colas //'y V, Colas is dead. 
 
 Gii^e, askjiv'd^ dead are a Kind of playing with the Words, 
 which enlivens the Thought a httle. Indeed Naivety is 
 rot un entire Enemy to fome Sort of Antithefes, which, 
 as Her7nogenes teaches, are not without Simplicity, and 
 pieafe the more, the more fimple they are. Naivety hates 
 only thofc Antithefes that are too brillant and playful. 
 Simplicia habent etiara jmm acumen., fuas Argittias. 
 Simple Thoughts have a Sharpnefs, and an Edge. Sini- 
 •plicity as it is reprefented to us in the Tranflator's Notes 
 upon Homer, is a mecr Slattern 5 but according to Hermo- 
 genes, fhc is a "Belle, if not a Cifqnet. We can juftifie the 
 Metaphor, by the Saying of as great a Cririck, if poffiblc, 
 as the Author of the Ej/dy, I mean ^lintilian. lib. 8. c.3. 
 J-pfa ^^'-Mx. pn^lex £f> inaffetlata habet quemdam pimim 
 qualis etiam in fdminis amatiir Ornatura. Simplicity de- 
 lights in iina§'eBcd Ornament, as Women delight in 2Jrefs. 
 
 A Thought may pieafe, tho' the Subjefl is forrowful, as 
 well as it does when it is plcafant. We have met with 
 agreeable Images, even upon Death, Storms, Battels. The 
 Piftures of wild Beafts, inftead of being frightful, are 
 charming, if well reprefented and well painted j as this of 
 the Soar by Sir Richard Slackmore. 
 
 So "jchen [nrrotmding Hunt fn? en cafi a Shon'r 
 OfhiJJing Spears, again ft fome mighty Soar 5 
 ^he grifly Seaft, provok'd ^xith ev'ry Wotmd, 
 Rages^ and cafs his thrmtning Lcoks around : 
 
 High 
 
LoGicK <2;/^ Rheto RICK. 15-1 
 
 High on his Sack hisjiiricns Srijlks rife, 
 Jnd Light 7iwg flc.jljeijrcm hh ragivg Eyes : 
 He tojjes Cloii.is oj Foam amidfi the Air, 
 And bra7idipwg his Favgs^ invites the JVar. 
 
 Thefe are the Verfcs of a Poet whom 'Dry den fpeaJcs 
 ot'fo contemptibly in the Preface to his Fables. Not that 
 J think it -zvorth my Time to enter the Lifts "xith one Li -- 
 Let me think what I will o^Dryden's Imagination and 
 Verfification, I may venture to fay, he has not in aJl his 
 Works an Image fo great, fo lively, and fo well painted as 
 that. There is tht L)iiicime7ite jercci o^ the Italians. The 
 fzveetly Fierce that makes even Terrour agreeable, as we 
 fliall fee prefently. But I cannot part with Mr. 2)rydcn^ 
 before I fet a terrible Image of his in the fame Light with 
 Sir Richard 'Blackrnore. 
 
 Then J as a hungry Lien, ivho hehdds 
 A game feme Goat ^ \x ho j risks about the Folds 5 
 Or beavny Stag that grazes on the 'Plain 5 
 He runs, he roars, heJJjakes his rifing Mane : 
 He grins, he opens -Jiide his greedy Ja-'xs 5 
 The Prey lies panting under neaih his Pazxs : 
 He fills his f am if j\i Ma'x, his Alomh runs o'er 
 V/ith M:che-iv\i Mcrfels, ivhile he chirms the Goi'e : 
 
 It is tranflated from Virgil. However the Mouth ritnnitig 
 o'er, the iinche'^xi'd Morfels, and the churning the Gore, have 
 not the agreeable with the Naif 'Tis like a Pi<5lure of 
 Acfaon, with his Bowels about his Heels, which I have 
 feen finely painted in an Italian Original, and cou'd not 
 keep my Eyes loner upon it. Yet nothing is more certain 
 than that terrible Objecis may by good Painters be made 
 pleafing. So may the moft pitiful ones, fuch as Jane Shore 
 in her Beggary. 
 
 One ferifnngfcr Want, 
 Whcfe Hunger has not tafted Food the fs three T)^ys, 
 And humbly asks for Charity's dear Sake, 
 A Draught oj Water and a little Bread. 
 
 Alas, I ne'er "joron^dyou. 
 Oh ! Then be good to me, have Pity on me. 
 Thou never kne'-jo'fl the ^itternefs of Want, 
 And may fi Thou never knoiv it. Oh: bejiozv 
 Seme poor Remain, the voiding of thy Tabic -y 
 A Alorfel to fupport myfamip'd Soul, 
 
 L 4 And 
 
151 The ART S of 
 
 And this of Jajfeir in Venice freferv'd. 
 
 Oh \ We inujl change the Scene, 
 Jn which the j^^afi Delights of Love --vcere tc.fle.i, 
 ^he l^ocr Sleep little 5 ixe miift learn to ivatch 
 Our Labour s, hte and early every Morning : 
 Midfl Winter Frofis, fpanngly clad a^idfed. 
 Rife to mir Toils, and drudge a-way the Day. 
 Oh, Belvidera .' 
 
 Want, Worldly Want, that hungry Meagre Fiend 
 Js at our Heels, and chaces its in Vie-w. 
 Can'fl 7'hou bear Cold and Hunger ? Can thefe Limbs^ 
 Framed for the te7ider Offices of Love, 
 Fndiire the bitter Gripes of fmarting 'poverty ? 
 When in a 'Bed of Straiv -ixe frrink together, 
 jind the bleak Wmds, -zvhiftle about our Heads 5 
 Wilt thou then talk to Me thus ? 
 Thus hup my Cares, andpelter me with Love ? 
 I cannot fay, but I am more mov'd with Ot-ivay's Senti- 
 ments, than with Row's j perhaps it is becaufe the Mifery 
 is heighten'd by being mixt with Love. But the La- 
 mentings in both are extreamly natural. The Concep- 
 tions are good, and well exprefs'd ; and according to j^ri- 
 Jiotle's Dodrine, whatever is well imitated will be agreea- 
 ble, tho' it fhould have fomething frightful in it 5 Totlt 
 cequefera imite ferfaiteme?it, fera agreable,quand meme ce 
 feroit quelqtie chofe d'affreux : a very jutt and natural Ob- 
 fervation, fo natural that I had obferv'd the fame Thing 
 in the £JJ'ay on Criticifm, where I took Notice of Monfieur 
 Voltaire's Refleftion on Milton, for drawing the Picture of 
 Sin and Death too hideous j and of his expefting Deli- 
 cacy, where nothing could reafonably be expefled but 
 Horrour and Dereftation. The Pleafure we take in a fine 
 Imitation does not come immediately from the Objefl, 
 but from the Refle6tion of the Mind that there is no- 
 thing more refcmbling 3 the Novelty of which touches and 
 pleafes. 'Tis finely, faid by the Author of the Characters 
 cf the Ta/Jions, in his Dedication to the Chancellor of 
 France-j ^le les Defm-dres, &c. " That the Diforders and 
 *' Vices which he puts under his Proteftion, are not of the 
 ** Nature ofthofe that fear the Severity of the Laws; that 
 *' they are only Images and Figures, which may be re- 
 " ceiv'd like thofe of Monfters and Tyrants, and ought 
 " not to be lefs agreeable to fuch as fee them, than the 
 
 " Pour- 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. 153 
 
 " Pourtraits of the Vanqui/h'd are wont to be to the Vic- 
 *' tors. " It is every Way a very beautiful and agreeable 
 Thought. We all know that forrowful Objeds and 
 Thoughts might pleafe j but without Jriftctle^ we had 
 not known the Reafon of it ; nor why the de 'Trijiibm of 
 OvU^ and the Dramatick Poem, Antient and modern, en- 
 tertain us at the fame Time that they force Tears from 
 us. Thus the mofl: fad and doleful Paflfages in Virgil give 
 Pleafure to the Reader. The Death of Tiido has a par- 
 ticular Charm, and there is fomething very agreeable in 
 the Image of that miferable Queen, bath'd in Tears, with 
 a deadly Palenefs in her Cheeks, when /he mounts her 
 funeral Pile, and draws the Sword with which fhe de- 
 figns to kill her felf. 
 
 Non hos quaefitum munus in ufus. 
 
 Unpeatlo'd the S-txord the Trojan left behind^ 
 Not for fo dire an Enter^rize defign\i. Dryd. 
 
 When (he's about to flrike the fatal Stroak, She burfls out 
 afrefh into a Flood of Tears, at the Sight of the Prefents 
 which her dear faithlefs Trojan had given her. 
 
 Dulces Exuviae dum fata Deufque finebant. 
 
 'But 'ixhenfhe vieiio'd the Garments loofely fpread^ 
 Which once he -uaore^ andfa-w the confcioiis Bed 5 
 Shefam^d, and ■with a Sigh the Robes embracd^ 
 Tiear 'pledges of my Love^ ijohile Heaven fo pkas'd. 
 
 When after having declar'd with a Sigh, She fhould have 
 been happy, had the Trojan Fleet never come on the 
 Coaft oi Carthage -y She breaks out in a Fury. 
 
 Moriemur inultae ? 
 
 j^nd rmijt I dye, faidpe, and unreveng'd ? Dryd. 
 How much better is Segrais. 
 
 Mourir fans fe Venger ! 
 Then a Return of Love, mixes with her Rage and Grie£ 
 
 Sed moriamur ! ait, fie juvat ire fub umbras. 
 
 And unreveng'd, 'tis doubly to be dead. Dryd. 
 How comes in that double dying there ? Dryden has many 
 of thefe Refinements on Virgil^ and whenever he adds 
 to him, he always fpoils him. 
 
15-4 ne ARTS of 
 
 Tet even this (Death ifith Tlcafure I receive, 
 On any Terms, 'tis better than to live. 
 
 Segmis, 
 
 Mourir fans fe vanger ! Mourons, Mourons ! dit elk, 
 Portons mon trifle Amour dans le Nuit eternelle. 
 
 UDryden. 
 
 Hauriat hunc Oculis ignera crudelis ab alto 
 Dardanus, & nodra; fecum fcrat Omina Mortrs. 
 'J'kel'e Flames frovii far ?nay thefalfe Trojan -vie-w -, 
 1'hejs bcdri/$ Omens bis bafe Flight piirjue. 
 
 The Paffions here are finely painted. Nothing can be more 
 natural and moving, which makes the JIgreeable 'Pere 
 Scuhcirrs is fpeaking of. We mufl: look into the Origi- 
 nal for this//7e painting. It is lofl in 'Dry den' ^ Verfion. 
 There's another Pourtrait more in Miniature, butalmoft as 
 inournful and agreeable as this. 'Tis Vtrgit's Defcriprioa 
 of the Lovers u'hQm he faw at his Defccnt info Hell. 
 The Poet places them in Fields water'd with Tears, call'd 
 the iveepi'ng Country. 
 
 Hie, quos durus amor crudeli tabe peredit, 
 
 Secreti celant calles, & Myrtea circum 
 
 Sylva regit, curje non ipfa in morte relinquunt. JEn.6. 
 
 Islotfarfrojn thence the mournful Fields appear. 
 
 So call'd, from Levers that inhabit there. 
 
 The So2ils, ivho/'/z that unhappy Flame invades^ 
 
 In fecrct Solitude and Myrtle Shades, 
 
 Make endlefs Moan, andpinitsg -zdth 2)ejire, 
 
 Lament too late their unextingnip'd Fire. Dryd. 
 
 Father Sciihcurs translates it thus, Lieiix arrofez de Lay-' 
 
 mes, ^ ^tti fe nunment LesCampagnespleiirantes,S<.Q. The 
 
 •xeeping Fields 5 and Segrais does the fame. 
 
 L,es fierilcs Champs nommez lesChamps de Larmes. 
 
 Which is not in TJryden, nor a W^ord of the laft Line 3 
 Cura: non ipfa in morte relinquunt. 
 Their Cans in T)eath it felf do notforfake them. 
 
 T)rydcn renders Lament too late their unextinguifli'd Fire, 
 
 which is poor enough compar'd with the Original or with 
 
 Scgrais's Verfion. 
 
 La Mort ne finit point leur profonde tridcffc. 
 It is very plain, that Tiryden all along minded the Verfi- 
 fication more than the Senfe of the Original, and provid- 
 
 / ed 
 
L o G I c K and R h e t o r i c k. 15-5' 
 
 cd the Numbers were fmooth, and the Thought intelli- 
 gible, he did not care whether it were Virgil's, or his own. 
 Virgil, fays Father Scukcitrs, always thinks agree- 
 ably : fo does Homer ^ who as the Learned fay, is the la- 
 ther of the Graces. Ilk elegant i arum omnium pater Ho- 
 riierus. And Sc//5<^« improves it in his Art of Poetry. 
 
 Ondiroitque pourplaire, inftruit par la Nature, 
 
 Homer ait a Venus derobe fa Ceinture : 
 Son Livre c{\ d'agremens un fertile trefor, 
 Tout ce qu'il a touch j fe convertiten Or. 
 Tout recoit dans fcs mains une nouvcllc grace. 
 Par tout il divertit, ct jamais il ne lafle. 
 'jTisfaid ttat Homer, matchless in bis Art, 
 Stole Venus Girdle to engage the Heart. 
 His PVcrks indeed 'vajl 1'reajures do tmfcld^ 
 And ■zi/:^atfoe'er he touches turns to Gold. 
 Jll in his Hand^ ne-w Jieauty dees acquire. 
 He akxays pleajcs and can never tire. 
 
 ■ Th E a Eis another Kind ofThought which 
 
 is delicate as well as agreeable 5 or rather, 'tis l^clicacy. 
 
 only agreeable, only beautiful, becaufe it is 
 
 delicate. 
 
 Til IS Delicacy is very little underftood, even by thofe 
 that often make ufe of the Term. Few People have a 
 clear Notion of it : Yet every one will allow, that there 
 are good Witts, as well as good Painters, who have not 
 Delicacy in their Produdlions, 'Tis faid of Rubens, that 
 his Paintings have more of the Fler^ip Genius, than of 
 antique Beauty. And tho' there are Vivacity and Grandeur 
 in his Pieces, they are rather rude than delicate 5 whereas 
 Raphael's Paintings have all that Grandeur, with inimita- 
 ble Graces, and all poffible Delicacy, which is aWord more 
 eafyto be defined in the proper, than in the Figurative Senfe. 
 
 I F you ask what Delicacy is in a Perfume, in Meats, 
 in Mufick ; one might probably give you Satisfadlion, by 
 faying, a Perfume is delicate, becaufe the Parts are fub- 
 tle, and yet do not get into the Kcad : Meats are delicate, 
 when the Subftance is little, and the Juice much, to flat- 
 ter the Palate, and not load the Stomach : Mufick is de- 
 licate, when in a Concert of Voices and Infiruments, thero 
 is nothing but what tickles the Ear, and caufes fweet 
 Emotions in the Heart. But if you ask what Delicacy in 
 Thought is, the Criticks have not Words to exprefs it. It 
 
 is 
 
1)6 7he ARTS of 
 
 35 one of the Things which are not eafily to be feen with 
 a Glance of the Bye, and are fo fubtJe, that they flip 
 from us, when we think we have fa t Hold of them. All 
 that can be done, is to look clofe upon them, to take 
 them feveral Ways, and fo to come to the Knowledge of 
 them by degrees. To fay a delicate Thought is the moft 
 fine Production, and like the Flower of Wit 5 is doing no- 
 thing ^ and a fynonymous Word, or a Metaphor will not 
 clear up the Matter, ia fo difficult an Affair as this is. 
 ^ere Soiibcnrs reafons on the Delicacy of Thought, in 
 the Works of the Ingenious^ by comparing it with Delicacy 
 in the Works of Nature. The moil: delicate are ihofe 
 where fhe delights to work in little 9 Renini natiira mif- 
 qiiam raagh qiiam in Minimh tot a. Plin. lib. 11. c. 2. 
 when the Matter flie ufes, is fo imperceptible, that one 
 doubts whether Hie defigns to fliew or to hide her Ad- 
 drefs. Tliny again, In arBum coa^a rerum nattir<e 
 majejfas 7nultis imlla fin ^ arte mirabilior. Such is an 
 Infedl perfectly well form'd j and the more worthy of Ad- 
 miration, by how much the \t^^ it is under your Eye. 
 Delicacy of Thought, is by Analogy, to confift in few 
 Words 5 and the Senfe is not fo viiible, nor fo apparent 
 as in other Kinds of Thinking. At firft View it feems 
 to conceal the Senfe, that you may fearch after it, and 
 find it out j or at leail it fhews it felf by halves, to give 
 you the Pieafure of difcovering it all your felf, if you 
 have Wit enough. Auditor ihm grata [tint locsc^ qiide cum 
 intellsxerint^ acumim fito deleUanmr^ ^ gaztdent non 
 qiiafi aiidiveri?it^fed quafi inveiterint. Things that are plea- 
 fing to thofe that hear them, not becaufethey are heard, 
 but becaufc they are found out 5 fays ^tiintilian. lib. 8. 
 c. 2. and in that Saying, has explain'd Delicacy of Thought 
 better than all the Difcourfes that have been written upon 
 it by the Moderns of the nicefl: Taile. As one muft have 
 good Eyes, and even artificial ones, Telefcopes and Micro- 
 fcopes,to have a juftViev/ of theWorks of Nature ; fo none 
 but Perfons of very good Underftanding can find out the en- 
 tire Senfe of a delicate Thought, This little Myftcry is 
 the Soul of fuch Delicacy, infomuch, that if a Thought 
 has nothing in it myfterious, neither in the Subftance 
 nor in the Turn, and fhews it felf entire at the firft View, 
 it is not delicate, tho' otherwife it may be witty 5 from 
 whence we may conclude, that Delicacy is a Sort of Im- 
 provement af the Sublime and the Agreeable. But the 
 
 Matter 
 
LoGicK a7id Rhetoric K. 15*7 
 
 Matter is fo abflrafted, and fo little liable to Explanation, 
 that it mu(t be referr'd to Example, in which this 
 Thought o^'Plmy in his Panegyrick upon Irajcii will be 
 fome Help to us j Soli cmmuin cmnigit tibi^ tit '■Pater 
 ^atriiff eJJ'es^ ante ({nam fieres. Ton are the only one, to 
 iichcm it hai'pen^d to be Father (j' your Country before yon 
 tvceremade [0. He had a long Time refus'd that Title, and 
 would not accept of it before he thought he deferv'd it. 
 Cardinal Se?itivcgliohas a Thought like this, on the Dig- 
 nity of a Grandee of Spaif;^ fpeaking ot the Marquis 
 de Spinola: EJ^er Nobilta di [angue, ^ per eminenza di 
 werito, j^ortojeco inlfj^agna il Grandatc, anche -prima di 
 covfeqtiirlo. His illuilrious Eirth, and great Merit, had 
 made him Grandee of Spain before he was created fo. In 
 both 'plinyh Thought, and 2*e?;r/^'(;%o's, which feems to be 
 ftolen from the other, there is a great deal of Delicacj'. 
 As to 'Pliny'Sy I conceive, if I have Penetration, that o- 
 ther Princes took the Title of Tater Patrice, as foon as 
 they began their Reign : That Trajan more modeft, and 
 more equitable than they, did not rake it till he had 
 render'd himfelf worthy of it, by his Care to ferve the 
 Empire, and the Love he bore to his Subjects. In fine, 
 that he was Pater PatricS in the Hearts of his People, 
 before that Quality and Title were given him. In the 
 fame Panegyrick are many Thoughts, that are equally 
 delicate and agreeable. The Nile, whofc Inundations 
 make Egypt fruittul, not over-flowing one Seafon, and 
 Traja72 making ample Proviiion for Corn, to fupply the 
 Peoples Neceffities 5 the Panegyrifl fays, Jsihis j^gypto 
 quidem [cepe, fed Gloria i.oftrct nunquam largicr pixit. 
 The l^ife never flow 'd higher for the Glory of the 'RoinanS. 
 In another Place, N072 zinius oculis fannina, fontes, v:aria 
 deferviunt : efi quod Cccfar non futim videat, tandemque 
 Jmperiurn Principnira qiiam Patnmoniiim inajm eft. Eoun- 
 taim. Rivers, Seas are mt no-iv engrojlfcr the Pkafnrei 
 of one Man only ; there isfr/2cethii/g in the World that is 
 not Ccefars, and the imperial Patrimony is nc-zv cflefs Extent 
 than the Empire. I fliall add Mr. Bond\ Trar.flation, as 
 a Specimen of a copious Way of tranflating. " You do 
 " not force the moil: antient Nobility to forfake their 
 ** Seats, that you may inclofe Rivers and fpacious Forrefls, 
 *' within the Walls of your Grandeur. The Seas are no 
 " longer referved and engrofled,to become the Prof^iei^l: of 
 " a fingle Man. Cfifw can now behold, and with Plea- 
 
 «* fure 
 
1^8 The ART S of 
 
 " fure too, fair fjpacious Tracts of Land in the Hands 
 " ot others, to which he himfelf can lay no Claim, nor 
 *' challenge any Propriety, and is well fatisficd, while he 
 " thus i'ets his Dominions are leCs extended than hisEm- 
 " pire. " There are not many Writers who have fo many 
 Words to fpare, when fo few are neceflary. 
 
 The I'ranllator is more fparing in what follows out of 
 the fame Panegyrick 3 where 'Pliny fpeaking of the Li- 
 berty ^l'ra]an gave the Homam to purchafe Houfes that 
 had belong'd to the Emperors, and the peaceable Poflef- 
 fion they had of them, adds. " Such is the Bounty of the 
 *' Prince, and fuch the Felicity of the prefent Age, in 
 " which we live, that he thinks his Subjefts worthy of 
 " enjoying what Emperors have enjoy'd, and that we may 
 " endeavour to appear worthy of them, without having 
 " any thing to fear. " T'anta 'Benignitas Trincipis^ tanta 
 Seciiritas tem;poriim f/, ^lt ille ms 'J>rhici;paiibiis rebus 
 exifliiner dignos, nos non timeaimis qiio.i digni ejje videmnr. 
 Such is The '-Jr mice's 'Bounty^ [nch the Hapjptnefs cf the 
 'Tirdes^ that he thinks ns -ixiortby of 'PoJJeJJions^ "jobich have 
 been f-qfjejl by Emjperors^ atid ive are not afraid of appear- 
 ing to be as laortky as he thinks. Nothing can be finer 
 than what l^liny fays to the Emperor, towards the Clofe 
 of t!ie Panegyrick j Odin ]ani 'JPridenz ncvitas Adulatione 
 confumptafit^ non a litis erga te mviis honor fupere ft ^ quarn 
 fi aliqiiando de te tacere aiideamus. Flattery hastongfince 
 ■'xajted all the new Ways of praifing the great ; the only 
 me that remains to celebrate yotir I ^irtneSy is that ive dare 
 he filent. Thefe fine Strokes were wafted over again in the 
 Pancgyricks on J,eivis XIV, who ftood them as intrepidly, 
 as the Prince of Orange would have fac'd a Battery of 
 Cannon. A great Memoir Writer in France faid of him j 
 We rattfl cither fay the fame 'Things upon the glorious 
 j^E^fions of the Kingy or ive i?zii(l befilent. Be does every 
 Tiay more new ones than we have differeiit Turns in our 
 Language to praise them as they ought to be prats' d. As 
 fulfome as this Flattery is, it comes fliort of what we meet 
 with in an Epiftle to Cardinal Richelieu-., " Our Strength 
 *' fails us in Proportion, as the Wonders you perform en- 
 " crcafe. 'Twas faid heretofore of a brave Soldier, that he 
 *' could receive no more Wounds, but on the Scars of 
 " former Ones: Thus we can only praifc you byRepetitions, 
 " fince Truth, which has Bounds, has faid all for Your 
 *' Glory, that Fable which has none, ever invented for 
 
 ♦' Others, 
 
r 
 
 LoGicK and Rhetoric k. i^*) 
 
 * Other.-. " I do not take the Merit of this Thou:',ht to 
 lye wliere ^ere 'Bcuioitrs intends it, in the Turn upcin 
 Truth, and Fable, and the Delicacy of that Turn j but in 
 the MetaJ-'k'cr which the Orator makes ufe of 3 the 
 Wounds and the Cicatrices ; for no Man had been more 
 wounded by Plat:ery, than Richelieu j no Man had more 
 Scars of that Kind to flicvv, than he had. 
 
 T o return to the Panegyrick upon T'rajan : ^Iwy {peak- 
 ing of that Emperor's Entry into Ronie^ faysj jiiii ^e 
 fins 'vixijfc, te 'vifo, te recepo : p. Hi mim mcgis ejj'e vi'veji- 
 dmn -^rd^dicabanT. " Some declar'd after they had fecn 
 *' you, They had liv'd long enough 5 others that they wifh'd 
 *' now to live longer. '' What Qcero faid to Caofir in his 
 Oration for Lignritis is admirable. '* 111am tuam prz- 
 *' clariffimam Si fapienriffimam vocem invitus audivi : iatis 
 *' te diu vel nature vixifle, vel Glorjje: faris, fi ira vis na- 
 " turie fortaffe : addo etiam, fi ph.cer, Glorice : at quod 
 ** maximum eft, Patrias certe parum. " I have more than 
 " once with fome Trouble heard that fine and wife Say- 
 " ing of yours, that you liv'd enough for Nature and for 
 " Glory. Perhaps you may have liv'd enough for Ka- 
 " ture, and even for Glory, if you will have it fo 3 but 
 " there's fomething more than all this iHll to be thought 
 ** of, and that is. You have certainly not liv'd enough tor 
 " your Country," Cicero has another Turn of Exprcffion 
 on the fame Subjeft 5 S<f;pe vemt o.d aures me^.i te idem 
 ijfiid mmis crebro : fatis te tibi vixijje : credo, fi tibi jolt 
 •viveres, niitfi tibi etiam foli iiattis ejjes. I bc.vc been ofteix 
 told that y oil have Jaid, yen have liv'd lovg ejiQUgh for ymr 
 felf. I believe it, if yea liv'd, crifym ivere bcrn fcrycur 
 jflf only. Father Sovhars th'mks that a French Poet out- 
 did Cicero^ in what he faid of the French King upon the 
 Peace he made with his Enemies. 'Tis taken out of aa 
 Idylle, which was fuiig in the Orangery at Seaux. 
 
 Qii'il regnc ce heros, qu* il triomphe toujcurs; 
 Qu'avec luy foit toujours la paix ou la vifloirc ; 
 Que le cours diC fes ans dure autant que le Cours 
 
 De la Seine & de la Loire : 
 Qu'il regne ce Hcros, qu'il triomphe toujours, 
 Qu' il vive autant que fagloire ! 
 
 Let him always reign, let li?ii al=vi-ays triumph y 
 
 Let 'Peace cr ViEfcry be ahxays vuith hira ; 
 
 Let the Ccurfe of his 2'e.V'sk]l as IjUg as the Coiirfe 
 
i6o The AkTS of 
 
 of the Seine or tie Loire. 
 Let him akwys reigji, let him alixays triiimfh^ 
 j^nd live as long as his Gkry. 
 
 So he did, and much longer, which fpoils alJ the Sub- 
 lime, the Grand, theAgreeable, and the Delicate Thoughts, 
 that were wafted in Panegyricks upon him. And live as 
 long as his Gkry. Ah, 'the Delicacy of that crys Fa- 
 ther Soiihours. To return again to l^liny j fpeaking of 
 'L'fa]an''s being adopted by Nerva^ and raifed to the Throne 
 of the CcefarSy when he was at a Diftance from Rome 5 
 Credentne (Pojieri^ nihil ip^irm^ zitimperator fieret^ ^gitajfe^ 
 •nihil fecijfe^ nifi quod ?neruity ^ faniit ? Will 'Pofierity 
 believe that he took no ether Step to be Em;^eror tha^i to 
 defervt the £??ij'irey and that his jidvancement ivas only 
 an Ef'e^ of his Obedience ? Another Panegyrift has the 
 fame Turn, fpeaking to the Emperor L'heodofms ; " Cre- 
 " dctne hoc olim ventura poileritas, & pr^ftabit nobis 
 " tarn gloriofam fidem, ut noilro demum feculo annuat 
 " faftum quod tantis infra fupraque temporibus nee inve- 
 *' nerit a^mulum, nee habuerit exemplum ? Sed qui vitae 
 *' tuie feftam, rationefque cognoverit, fidei incunftanter 
 " accedet, nee abnuiffc dubitabit imperium fie imperatu- 
 *' rum." Tnnegyr. I'acat. *'Will Pofterity believe that a 
 *' TL'hing fliould be done in our Time, which will not be 
 " imitated in Ages to come, and has no Example in the 
 " preceeding ? But whoever fliall know what your Life 
 *' was, and what your Condu6l, will not doubt but that 
 *' he who reign'd as you do, refus'd the Empire. " 'Pers 
 Soiihot/rs feldom gives us an Inftancc of fine Thought out 
 of the Antients, but he adds a Parallel out of the Moderns, 
 efpecially French Authors, and chiefly fuch asflatter'd the 
 French King moft. Thus as to Incredibility, he produces 
 a Madrigal oi Alartigny on Leivis XIV, wherein Pofterity 
 is made incredible with Refpeft to the great Monarch's 
 mighty Aftions. 
 
 Les Mufes a I'envi travaillant pour la gloire 
 
 De Louis Ic plus Grand des Rois 
 Orneront de fon Kom le Temple de Mcmoire s 
 
 Mais la Grandeur de fes Exploits, 
 
 Que 1 Efprit humain nepeut croire, 
 
 Fera que la poftcrite, 
 
 Lifant une fi belle hiftoire, 
 
 Doutera de la vlrite. 
 
 3 ^M 
 
LoGicK and Rhetoric k. i^i 
 
 '^he Mtifes are at Strife who beft pall ^raife 
 
 Lewis the great eft of aU Kings 5 
 j^nd with his mighty Name 
 
 'They will adorn the -Temfle of Memory, 
 Sut the Greatnefs of his Exploits^ 
 Which human Reason can^t believe. 
 
 Will canfe Tojterityy 
 When the fair Hiftory is feen, 
 'To doubt the 'Truth. 
 
 Voittire fays much the fame Thing in his Letter to the 
 
 "Dnked'Ejigtiien, on the taking o(2JU?2kirk : "As for me, 
 *' my Lord, 1 rejoyce as I ought in your Profperities 3 but 
 *' I tbrefee that what at prefent encreafes your Reputation, 
 *' will hurt it in Time to come, and fo many great and 
 *' glorious Anions, one after another, in fo little a while, 
 " will render your Life incredible to Pofterity, and turn 
 *' your Hiftory into a Romance." One Campaign of the 
 Duke of Marlborozigh's was more glorious than all the 
 Campaigns of the Conde's and the Ttirenne's put together. 
 How incredible then will the Battles of ScheUenbergh and 
 Hccliftet, and the faving of the Empire in one Campaign 
 be 5 the Eattle of Ramelies, and the Conqueft of a hundred 
 Provinces and Cities be in another? But ftill how much 
 more incredible will it be, that after fo many Conquefts, 
 fuch Services done his own Country, and all the Countries 
 round about us, his Glory fhould in a few Months be for- 
 gotten, and his Reputation be abandon'd to the Infolence 
 of a perfidious ungrateful Fa6lion. As the French King 
 had his Panegyrifts of all Profeflions, fo had he his Wo- 
 men Flatterers as well as Menj and as Matters have hap- 
 pen'd, nothing in the World is a greater Jeft than their Pa- 
 negyricks, tho' fome of 'em are finely imagin'd. A La- 
 dy, whom Father 'Boiihours calls the Sappho of France^ gives 
 this Thought a different Turn in a Poem, where fhe ad- 
 dreCTes herfelf to the Poets exciting them to tune all their 
 Harps in Praife of the King : 
 
 Vous a qui le ncuf, &c. 
 
 Tm^ whom the 'Nine have taught infoft Repofe^ 
 
 Of mighty Men^ the mighty T)eeds to fing^ 
 
 Come and do Homage to our Con^uer-ry 
 
 And in iramortal Ver^e record his Valour. 
 
 Fear not that future Tim?s will think it Fable 5 
 
 M -S"^?^ 
 
x6^ The AKTS of 
 
 Say of his Glory zvhat yon can^ much more 
 Wiil in our Hijlories be [aid. 
 
 Father ^onbonrs fays this is delicate to a Degree, and it 
 puts him in Mind of the Delicacy of 'Boikaii^ in his E- 
 piftle to the King : 
 
 Je n'ofc de mes Vers, &c. 
 
 I dare not oj my Verj'es boajl the Trice ^ 
 ^iit if one Work of all my Labours live ^ 
 And I'ime^s •unerring Judgment poti'd furvive^ 
 'Terl ap it may affifi ily high Keno^xn^ 
 And ferve thy Glory ivhen itfaves its c-zvn ; 
 For 'xhen in Authorsfuture Readers fi-ad -y 
 
 ^he '•j.widroiis lieeds ischich no'xfurprife Afajiki?id, C 
 they'll doubt that Fable to the Truth is join'd. 3 
 Sut if feme 'Seep icks pott' d fo far proceed^ 
 As doubting to deny the "Truths they read j 
 'The World 'viill, to reprove their Malice^ cry^ 
 Js Boileau, ii-ho has f aid it^ ivcnt to lie\ 
 JVoti'd he^ 'xhofor Sincerity is fam\i^ 
 And Knaves and Fools of old ^ fo freely blam\i ^ 
 Jfou*d he have [aid ivhat "jve in Story vie-zv^ 
 'But both the 'Poem and the FaB are true. 
 
 Mr. jPWorin his Letter to this xtvySoileau^ upon the Vic- 
 tory at "Blenheim^ fpeaks more Truth, as we have Ihewn 
 elfewhere : 
 
 ^/e/, if I may fovM younger Mufe excite^ 
 'point out the Game and animate the Flight. 
 That from Marfeilles to Calais, France may kno-iio, •! 
 As ife have Conquerors -uce have Poets toOy ^ 
 
 And either Laivrsl dees in Britain groiv. J 
 
 We can i^ith 2imverfal Zeal Advance^ 
 To curb the faithlefs Arrogance of France. 
 Jsor ever pall Britannia'i Sons reftife 
 To anfxer to thy Mafter or thy Mufe. 
 
 'Pere Bouhours gives us fome more Verfes on the King : 
 They were written by a famous Poet and Orator of the 
 French Academy : 
 
 Lorfque les feuls travaux, &c. 
 
 Tcils only are thy f'eet Employs^ hcjofull 
 Cf bright Fxampl^s ivill cur Hiftcry he ? 
 With ho'W much f^igour, ti'hat Sticcefs and Gkrv 
 
 2)of. 
 
L o G 1 c K and Rhetoric k. 153 
 
 fZ)<?/? thou the Weight of thy vajl Empire bear ? 
 
 Conqtiefi to Conquefl^ thou art at-ways addwg^ 
 
 j^ndbya thonjdnd ABionstbou •■noii^t blot 
 
 ^he Memory of Conquerors and of Kings^ 
 
 2lf? v:ifefi andthegreatefi Names tiUnow. 
 
 Sut to 'What End is this^ 'xhat art thou doing t 
 
 A vain Chimera only flatters thee^ 
 
 Of Jminortality thm hop'fl; by this. 
 
 So many 1)eeds above the Might of Man j 
 
 Will never by 'Pofterity be heard^ 
 
 When ixe can fcarce believe the??^^ nve-whofee them, 
 
 Mr. trior's Burlefque on Scikau's Ode, on the takinjz of 
 Namury banters away all this Panegyricic, as 
 
 Dans fes chanfons immortelles 
 Comme un Aigle audacieux. 
 
 Tindar that Eagle mounts the Skies, 
 While Virtue leads the nobis Way ; 
 ^00 like a Vulture Boileau__/?/6'i", 
 Where fordid Interefi peivs the 'Prey. 
 When once the Poet's Honour ceafes^ 
 Fro?/i Reafonfar his Tranfports rove. 
 And Boileau/or eight hundred Pieces 
 Makes Lewis take the Wall of Jove, 
 
 There was a Critick in Fratice, who fell upon 'Bahac for 
 faying to a great Minifter of State, The Anions of your 
 Zfearefuch, that after havwg 'jeen them -zve can ibarce 
 believe ^ them-. " We might fay of great Adions, as that: 
 Uitick teaches us, that we cou'd not have beJiev'd them 
 It we had not feen them 5 but to fay they are incre- 
 dible, after having feen them, is fooli/h 5 for no Body 
 cannot but bdieve a Thing which he is fure that he has 
 «c a\xT\^ " tne warlike Ads oi Amadis des Gaules, we 
 ^lould beheye them, and not doubt at all of their being 
 done it we had been prefent. 'Tis therefore very filiS 
 ^ totellagreatManhisAaions-are fuch, that we can 
 «, icarce believe them after having feen them. One cou'd 
 « not well fay fo of the Charms and Spells of the Enchan- 
 trcls Urgmidar Father muhours takes this Criticifm to be 
 untair, and no better than a Cavil. In common Difcourfe 
 It is faid ofren, IcoiCdnot h:ive believ'd it if I bad not fen 
 i^' But Eloquence is not bound up like common Difcourfe - 
 and that we may give the tkonger Idea's of what is fur- 
 M 2 prifing 
 
i64 37^^ A R T S of 
 
 prifino and extraordinary one may exprefs it after 
 this Mi.nner, 1 caufdrce believe it, ajter i.avwg feeji it. 
 This hxpr^fTion is more fine and more figurative than the 
 other, heliilcs, a 'I'hought may be very good in Verfe, 
 which wou'd not run fo well in Profe ; and rho' what Sal- 
 zac faid is pafTable j yet the fame 1 liought in Verfe, 
 paffes better, and leaves no Room for cavilling. This 
 Stanza of Mr. Tritr^ in a Hymn to the Sun, is very fine 
 and delicate. King IVMiani and Queen Mctry the Sub- 
 
 jea 
 
 For thyozvn Glory fing ovr Sovereig?i's Traife, 
 
 Gjd of Vtrfes and rf 2)ays : 
 Jjet all thy ttmefiU Sons adorn 
 
 'J'i.eir laftmg Works •licit h WiWi^m^sName j 
 
 Let cloofen Mufes yet unborn^ 
 I'ake great Maria/or their future T'heam % 
 
 Eternal StruBureslet them raife 
 
 On Willjam'j^wiMaria'j ^raife : 
 
 Nor "xant ne-w Subject for the So'ngy 
 
 Nor fear they can exhauji the Store ^ 
 
 Till Nature's Miifick lies unjirung 5 
 I'll thou, great God, fhalt lofe thy double To'-jc'r, 
 j^ud touch thy Lyre, and (hoot thy Seams no more. 
 
 Wc very often meet with T^elicacy in fine Raillery and 
 wkty Repartee. There is as much of this in polite Con- 
 verfacion in England as in Italy or France. The Charac- 
 ter of the i??;^////; for Wit, has more Solidity; that of the 
 French and Italians more Vivacity. The Wit of the Ita- 
 lians ajid French comes fooner, but it does not ftay fo long 
 as that of the Ei?glijh ; and if we compare delicacy to a 
 Perhime, may we not fay, that of the Italians and French 
 is more quick ; that of the Englip is more fragrant. This 
 jDeJicacy has oitcn 3. Keennefs, which is fomewhat ally'd 
 to Satyr. As the Anfwer oi a Courtier, who had been a 
 Prince's A.mbaflador. HisMafler telling him he was like 
 an Ox% he reply 'd, // may be fo. Sir, for I have had the 
 Hononr cnfeveral Occafions to reprefent you. Thus a certain 
 Gr<fnan, who was faid to be very like Angtifns, anfwer'd 
 that Emperor with great Quicknefs and Delicacy : Was 
 your M ti er vever at Rome ? faid j^ugujlus ; No,my Lord, 
 reply M rhe Grecian, but my Father 'was often. I'he con- 
 cealed Senfe here renders the Thought delicate j for the 
 Hearer or Reader difcovers that both Augitftus, and the 
 
 Grcecian, 
 
LoGiCK <?W Rhetor icK. 155* 
 
 GreCcian intended they both had one Father or one Mo- 
 ther, and 111 fucn Conccalmeni: and m^h Diicovcry tunliils 
 the Delicacy ot Thougtit. 
 
 'Pert 'BiiihoJirs ranks thofe I'h oughts about 
 ^ojteriiy^s believiLg, amc/ng fuch as are worn Novelty, 
 out, and rheretbre liot to be made ufe of. '1 he 
 fineit Things c afe to be fin^, by being laid over and over 
 again. *Tis Novelty or the new Turn C^arfcommeiid.s in 
 the Thoughts of Cr^?^' //J, that gives Luftre and Value ..o 
 ourown. He then mentions a Thij-jght on ihe invii.. l.e 
 Monarch again, which bethinks is too much worn ^ that 
 after he had conciuer'd his Enemies, he conquer'd hinif^f, 
 and triumph'd over his own Courage. Much like .. tiat 
 has been olien faid of great Artif.s in their ie.crul Arts, 
 when they have perform 'd Ibmtthing better than had been 
 done before: j^Jter ha'V'vgfin'J^afi aU others, ke j'lirpdffes 
 hirafelj] {dys Cicero oiCraJJm. Ccetercs a Crajjb jb/zj-er om- 
 iieSy lUo autem die etiam ipyiim a j'e f:iierc.i:mi. De Oiat. 
 1. 3. C.I. ^w'rz^re makes ufe of the fame Though" with 
 Relation to Salzac^ in a Letter to him : " I have feen no- 
 " thing of yours fince your Departure, but what feems to 
 *' me to be much above what you ever did before, and by 
 *' thefe laH: Productions you have gain'd the Honour of 
 *' furpafTmg him, who furpaf} all others " He has ••'jdctie. 
 himfelf^ is a Saying that's worn in all Languages antient 
 and modern. But this very Saying is outdone^ iince this 
 Work was begun, by a modern Player in a very foolifh Pre- 
 face to a very witty Comedy, at leaft as far as he had no 
 Hand in it ; where, fpeaking of a famous Adtrefs, who de- 
 ferves a better Panegyrift, he tells her, Jt -zvas not enoiigb 
 tofayjhehad outdone her own outdoing: fuch Stuff indeed 
 as this is too mean to be mentioned, were it not to fliew 
 how ridiculous the Ufe o^worn Phrafes is, efpecially when 
 there is a Price ^et upon them ; and the ignorant Writer 
 thinks he has done fomething extraordinary in ufing them. 
 Sure I am, that a French Panegyrift out-did himfelf and 
 every one elfe, when he faid of the great Lezvis, he had 
 vanquip^dfittory itfelf. An antient Author, in Praife of 
 'Theodojiiis^ has the fame Expreflion j \tu ipjiits Fi6iori<e 
 Vi^or omnem am Armis irara depofnifli. 'Thru haft van^ 
 quijh'd Victory, and with your Arim quitted aU Thoughts 
 of Reve72ge. As old as Theodojius's Panegyrift is, the Ex- 
 prefTion is older. Cicero feems to be the Inventcr of ir, 
 and by making ufe of it twice in the fame Oration, it 
 
 M s looks 
 
i66 The AKrS of 
 
 looks a little worn in the laft Place, and has loft the Grace 
 of Novelty which ir had in the lirlt. Atter having faid 
 to CtefaTy " lou hjixe already vanquifh'd all other Vidors 
 " by your Equity and by your Clemency, but to Day you 
 *' have vanquiOi'd your felf." He ad.iSy " You have van- 
 " quiOi'd Vidory itfelf in reftoring to the Vanquifli'd 
 ** what had been taken from them j for your Clemency 
 *' harh fav'd us all, when, as viftorious, you had a Right 
 " to deltroy us. You are therefore the only invincible 
 *' Captain, by whom Vidory her felf, as proud and fu- 
 *' rious as (he is by Nature, is vanquifh'd." Cceteros qui- 
 dem omnes viSicres janz mite oeiiiitate ^ Mifericcr.iid vice- 
 r^.s : hodierno vero die teij>fum^vicijli. Ipfam viSioriam vi- 
 cijje videns : re^e ighiir iinus invi^ius es^ a quo etiam ip- 
 fius Ficloriee ccndiiio vifqiie devi6fa eft. Orat. pro Ligar. 
 T here are Thoughts on Victory and the iModeration ot the 
 Conqueror, which are not fo much worn as this is : As that 
 of the fame Panegyrift upon I'beodcfiiti : Fecifti tit nemo fibi 
 vi5liis, te ViR- re, videatur. Pacat. Tour "Behaviour "xai 
 [nch, I at no Scdy believed bhnfelf vanquijb'd, tho^ yon irere 
 viftcrioiis. A great Magiftrate in France faid in an Ha- 
 rangue to a publick Aflen bly ^ " Our invincible Monarch 
 *' might have made himfelf Mafler of Europe, if he had 
 *' not chofe rather to be able than to be willing to do 
 •' what he cou'd. By giving Peace to Europe, he did not 
 ** lefien ihe Glory of feeing himfelf Mafter o{ E'.irr:fe ^ and 
 *' en the co.itrary, he never made her fo fenfible that he 
 *' was fo, or might be fo if he pleas'd." When I read of 
 the Trench King's giving Peace to Europe, I call to Mind 
 how his prime Miniller Monf. //<? '■tcrcy was begging Peace 
 for his Mafter fifteen or fixteen Years ago, in a little Town 
 on the Frontiers of H Hand, in Terms that wou'd have 
 rais'd Pity, had not our Hearts been harden'd by the Rava- 
 ges and Cruelties he had been the Author of. The next 
 Pancg^rick upon him is a merry one. The Subjeft is his 
 moft Chriftian Majefty's exemplary Moderation in the Ufe 
 of his Victories, and the Tendernefs of his Generals to the 
 Cifizcns of the Cities they either ftole or bought. This 
 Thought, fiys Fathrr Sf?//:?o«n, is not worn at all. 'Tis 
 ncwout of the Min% and was aipout the Time that the 
 French Armies were maflacring the Hollanders^ and laying 
 Heidelberg and the other Cities of the 'Palatinate in Afties. 
 *' The King knows no lefs how to make his Subjefls to 
 " obey than his Enemies to fear him. He wars only to ren- 
 
 « dec 
 
I 
 
 LoGicK and Rhetoric k. 167 
 
 " derthofe hefubdies happy 5 and has found out fome- 
 " thing more glorious in Vitlory than Vi<ftory itleJF." 'i his 
 wou'd be extreamly fine and delicate, were there one Syl- 
 lable of Truth in it. So wou'd what follows be. A Mem- 
 ber of the French Academy faid in a Speech to the King, 
 *' That the Soldiers fought, like Heroes, they were fo ani- 
 *' mated by his Prefence 3 but after having overborn all 
 " that itood in their Way, they rtopt in the midft of the 
 *' Impetuofiry of their Courage at his Command, and it 
 *' colt him only a Word to hinder the Defolation of a flou- 
 ** rifhing City. " Ton had the 'P/eafiire, Si(\ at cncc to 
 " take and to five the 'To-wn^ and you ivere kj's fatisfy'd in 
 " rendring yopr fi/f MaJ}er flf'ity than in prejervih'g 2t" 
 The Reader wilJ obferve that thefe Thoughts are fine and 
 delicate of thcmfeJves, and are only render'd ridiculous 
 or rather fliocking, by the Falfehood and Flattery that are 
 in them. The Members of the French Academy laid about 
 them fo furioufly in Praife of this invincible immortal 
 Man, that Hyperbole was atlaft become too weak a Figure 
 for them, and the Emulation among ihem was, whocou'd 
 invent beft on that Subjefl- without any Regard to Truth 
 or Decency. LJpon the Reception of a famous Archbifhop 
 into that Body, a Panegyrick upon the King vfas fpoken, 
 wherein the Speaker faid, " He it is who marches at the 
 " Head of his Armies, who by his Condudl ailoniriies the 
 " oldeft and wifeft Captains, and by his Valour the moll 
 " brave and refolute Soldiers j who forces, who gains, who 
 " over-runs Places andProvinces entire, as a Torrent which 
 *' Winter renders ftill more rapid. There is nothing want- 
 *' ing to his Glory, but what is always wanting to that of 
 " Heroes, which is, that People can hardly bring them- 
 *' felves to refill them, or tarry for them, and their Repu- 
 *' tation leaves much the lefsto do for their Arms." Which 
 is very delicate, and out of the Way. I have all along 
 affefted, and fhall affe6l, after repeating what the Flat- 
 terers in France faid of their great Monarch, to repeat what 
 fome plain Dealers in Enghjh fay of him ; and every one 
 that kno^vs the Charaders of Tamerlane and 'Bajaz-et, will 
 fee how finely they are contrafted, as Mr. 'Pcfe calls, it by 
 Mr. Row. 
 
 Baj. ^hoti pedant I'allier! Hal art thoit a King^ 
 
 Tcjfejt offacred Tozver^ Heav'm darling Attribute ; 
 And doft thou ^rate cf Leagues^ and Oaths, and 
 Trophets'i M 4. J hate 
 
l68 The AKT S of 
 
 I hate the Greek, Perdition to his Name, 
 Ai I do tbee^ and ivoiild have met yen both, 
 As 2)eath does htmau Nature^ for 1)eJlru6iion. 
 
 Tarn. Canfekfs to hate, is not of hitman Kind ; 
 
 Thefalvage Tirme thai haunts in Woods remote, 
 AndTiefart-Wilds, tears net the fearful Traveller^ 
 If Hunger, or fine hi]ury frovoke not. 
 
 Baj. Can a King ivant a Canfe, when Empire bids 
 Go on ? What is he born for but Ambition ? 
 It is his Hunger, *tis his Call of Isanire -, 
 ^he noble Ajpetite, ^i^hicb •■vail befatisjy'd, 
 And^ like the Food cfGois, makes him immortal. 
 
 Tarn. Hsiicefcrth I ivill not ivonder we were Foes, 
 Since So7.'ls, that differ fo, by Nature hate. 
 And firong Antipathy j or bids their Union. 
 
 Baj. The ncble Fire that warms me, does indeed 
 
 'j'ranfcend thy Coldnefs, I am pleas' d we differ^ 
 Nor thiiik alike. 
 
 Tarn, tso for I think like Man, 
 
 'J'hou like a Monjter,from whofe hateful Trefence, 
 Nature Jf arts back j and tho^pe fx'd her Stamp 
 Cn thy rough Mafs, and mark'd thee for a King^ 
 Now ccnfcioiis oj her Errciir, pe difclaims thee^ 
 As fcrmMfor her T>efiru5iion. 
 'Tis true, I am a King, as thou hafi been. 
 Honour and Glory too have been 'my u^im : 
 ^ut tho' I dare face "Death, and all the Tiangen 
 Which furious War wears in its bloody Front 5 
 Tet would I chufe to fix my Fame by 'Peace, 
 Sy yuftice and by 'Mercy ; and to raife 
 My 'Trophies on the 'Ble'ifngs oj Mankind. 
 Nor would I buy the Empire of the World 
 With Ruin of the 'Teople whom Ifxay^ 
 Or Forfeit of?ny Honour, 
 
 T^e latter is a verj' delicate Panegyrick on King WillidTn, 
 What '/iaja^et is intended for, let the Reader judge. 
 Mr. JRow tells us fo him Tel f, in a Prologue to this Plays 
 Ipoken on the 5 th o^ November if 16. 
 
 Foy thus our Author (trove his Trince to faint : 
 And tho* his Strokes are weak, and Colours faint, 
 
 ret 
 
LoGiCK and Rhetoric k. iG(^ 
 
 Tet take once more hii Labours in good 'party 
 And ^■p are bad Numbers for <v: honefi Heart, 
 Oh may tie great Original fiirvive^ 
 And in cur gr'M:j\i:> '/hoiigbts for ever live^ 
 His 'Praife our ChiLrm^s Children pall confef^^ 
 And Ages yet to comCy immortal William blefs. 
 
 I /hall now fliew, that great King in another Contraft, 
 his glorious Reign, in Oppoiition to the Reigns of the two 
 jfamesSy and the two Charles*s^ his Prcdeceflors in the 
 BritJfh Throne : Reigns that are represented by Arch- 
 deacon Hcbard^ as the golden Age oi Britain. Mr. Con- 
 greve, m his Poem of the Sirib of the Mtife^ having 
 fpoken of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth -, 
 
 T'hiis on the Safe of Empire firm pe fiands^ 
 While bright Eliza rttles the isoilling Lands. 
 proceeds, 
 
 Stit foon a louring Sky comes on apace ^ 
 And Fate reversed pews an ill omend Face. 
 
 This loitring Sky, is the very fame which the Hifiorian 
 Bchardy calls the Sright northern Star, or King James I. 
 who, as Arch-bifhop Whitgift faid, fpoke by the Spirit of 
 
 God. 
 
 I'he Void of Heaven a gloomy Horrotir fills^ 
 And cloudy Veils involve her pining Hills. 
 Of Greatnefspaft no Footftepspe retains. 
 Sunk in a Series of inglorious Reigns. * 
 She feels the Change, and deep regrets the Shame 
 Of Honours loft, and her diminip'd Name : 
 Confciousfoe feeksfrom 7)ay topro-jod her Head^ 
 And glad "Would prink beneath her rofy 'Bed. 
 
 The next Verfes fcem to be a Pidure of the Hiftory. 
 
 "Thus far, the facred Leaves Britannia's Woes, 
 Inpady draughts and dusky Lines difclofe. 
 
 But what follows is the Oppofition, King William^ i^ 
 trieving her loft Honour. 
 
 ^he enfuing Scene revolves a martial Age^ 
 And ardent Colours gild the gk'xing Page. 
 *Behold cf radiant Light an Orb arife. 
 Which kindling ^ay, reftores the darkened Skies ^ 
 
 And 
 
 * The Reigns cf the Royal Hotife ^/Stuart noiv writing. 
 
170 The ARTS of 
 
 Jjidfee on Seas the hec.my 'Ball defcends^ 
 
 Mild 720--VU its Courfe to fair Britannia l^a!ds. 
 
 u^kng the foamy Main the Sillc-'jcs bear 
 
 The float ivg Ft re, and -ivaft thejhimng Sphere. 
 
 Jiail hapjjy Omen, Ktil aitfficioiis Sight i 
 
 Thoii glorious Guide to yet a greater Light. 
 
 For fee a TrincCy tvhom daUuig Arms array ^ -^ 
 
 ^urfuiiig clofely, plo-us the ixatry Way, C. 
 
 Tracing the Glcry thro* thef.a?ning Sea. ^ 
 
 Britannia rz/e, azz-ake. Oh fairejl JJle I 
 
 From Iron Jleep, again thy Fortunes fmile. 
 
 Once mere kck up, the tnighty Man behold, 
 
 Whofe Reign renezvs the former Jge of Gold: 
 
 The Fates at length the blififul Web havefpmiy 
 
 And bid it round in endlefs Circles run. 
 
 Arch-deacon Echard quite contrary to thefe juft and beau- 
 tiful Images, makes the Web to be fpun by General Alonk, 
 Theendie]'s Circles to be the Minittry o^ Xauderdale,jfefferySy 
 ^c. How will Soileau's Malice againft that glorious King, 
 look after this! Let us fee what Delicacy there is in his 
 Harangue to die Academy, on his being admitted a Mem- 
 ber. He fpeaks of the Prince of Or^;;^e. " By a kind of 
 " Enchantment, that obftinate Enemy of the King's Glory, 
 ** that induftrious Contriver of Wars and Confederacies, 
 *' who had labour'd fo long to ihr up all Europe againit 
 *' him, found himfelf, if 1 may ufe the Expreflion, in a 
 *' State of Impotence, ty'd upon every Side, and rcduc'd 
 *' to the wretched Vengeance of difperfing Libels, of fend- 
 *' ing forth Cries and Reproaches ! " That Congregation 
 of Flatterers, cou'd bear all this fblemnly faid in Injury 
 of the greateft Reputation upon Earth. The French King 
 could bear all this, tho' himfelf was reduc'd to fo wretch- 
 ed a Vengeance, as to have a Libel prefer'd in one of 
 his Parliaments, againft the Prince o{ Orange, by the Stile 
 of burgher of the Hague. Mr. Congreve gives us another 
 Sort of Picture of King William in thefe Verfes. 
 
 For William'i Geiiitis ev'ry Soul infpires. 
 
 And imrms thefro-zen Touth ifitb 'warlike Fires 5 
 
 Already fee the hoflile Troops retreat. 
 
 And feem fcre-zvarn\d of their impending Fate. 
 
 Already routed Foes his Fury feel. 
 
 And fly the Force of his unerring Steely 
 
 The haughty Gaul, 'voho 'xell till ncvo might hoaji^ 
 
 A matchlefi Szvord, and mireflfled JJoflj 
 
 Al 
 
i 
 
 LoGicK ^;/^ Rhetorick. 171 
 
 j^t hisforefeen Approach the Field forfakes, 
 Jiis Onei trei/ible^ and his Empire Jhakes. 
 Father Soidmrs obliges us to make frequent Mention of 
 the "reat Sayings in Praiie of King PVUliam, by his often 
 citing the Panegyricks which were Javi/hly waited on the 
 French Kinc He then proceeds, and iubrms 
 us, that a little Megcry will fometimes ren- Allegory. 
 der a Thought fine. Ihe Inftance he gives, 
 is out ot a Poem, written by a zealous Papii]-, wherein the 
 Poet complains of the Favour the Hi'gcmfs met with in 
 France at that Time, when the Government there was 
 lulling them into that S-'carity which hallen'd their De- 
 ftrudtion. The Allegory was a Dog he made to rspre- 
 fent the PapiRs, and which had been kill'd by the Wound* 
 he had receiv'd. 
 
 Pour abboyer un Huguenot 
 On m' a mis en ce piteux cflre 
 L'autre iour je mordis un Preftre, 
 Et perfonne ne m'en dit mot. 
 
 For I'arkwg at a Hiigonot, 
 I -zi'as lejt m this fad 1>light^ 
 J bit a 'Priefi the other Uay, 
 And not a Word ivasfaid about it. 
 
 Sometimes alfo a Thought may be delicate without Alle- 
 gory, and without Fiftion } and a witty Turn has help'd 
 a Man out at a Pinch, when he hardly expefted it. Af- 
 ter the Fall of Sejamis^ when every Body rail'd at him, 
 a Roman Knight flood up for him, and own'd that he 
 had been his Friend, which was then look'd on as a 
 heinous Crime 5 but 'Tacitus tells us, that he got clear 
 by addreffing himfelf thus to Tiberius. Amial lib. 6. "Non 
 *' eft noitrum «i'iimare quem fupra cseteros & quibus de 
 *' caufis extollas. Tibi fummum rerum judicium Dii 
 *' dedere, nobis obfequii gloria relifta eft. Infidiae in Rem- 
 " publicam, confilia ca;dis adverfus Imperatorem punian- 
 " tur : de amicitia & officiis idem finis, & te, Csfar, & nos 
 *' ab^olverif. 
 
 *"T I s not for us, defar, to examine the Merit of a 
 " Man, whom you have rais'd above others, nor the Rea- 
 *' fons you had to raife him. The Gods have given 
 " you Power to judge fovere'gnly of all Things. Nothing 
 " remains for us, but the Glory of obeying. If Scjantis 
 " form'd any Defigns againft the Safety of the Empire, 
 
 " or 
 
t7^ The ARTS of 
 
 ** or the Life of the Emperor, let him be punifli'd. But 
 ** avS to the friendfhip we had for him, and the Refpe^l 
 " we paid him, the fame Reafon that juiiiiies you ren- 
 *' ders us innocent. ** 
 
 This Thought is as generous and grand, as it is fine 
 and delicate. 'Tis like that of Am'mtas, in ^imtus Curtms, 
 i'd of Intimacy with ^lilotaiy whoff 
 
 who being accus'd of Intimacy with ^lilotaiy whofe Con- 
 
 1 himfclf thus befor 
 )WiiinL' my FriendOii] 
 
 Ipiracy was juit difcover'd, defended himfclf thus before 
 Alexander. " I am fo far from difowiiinL' my FriendHiip 
 " to ^h'l'tas^ that I confefs I courted it 5 and do you think 
 " it ftrange, that we Hiould make our Court to a Man, 
 *' who was in your Favour himfelf, and Son of your Fa- 
 " vourite ^armenio ? Moft certainly 'tis you Sir, to fpeak 
 ** the Truth, that has occallon'd us all this Trouble and 
 " Danger. Who was the Caufe that all who would ob- 
 *' tain your good Graces, made their Application to him? 
 " was it not your felf ? You rais'd him fo high, 'twas im- 
 *' poffible for us not to delire his Friendfhip, or fear his 
 ** Hatred. If that is a Crime, few, I fay none are inno- 
 ** cent. " Tti' Hercule, fi verum aiidire "jis^ Re.\\, httjm 
 nobis Tericuli cat/fa es. ^lis enim alius effecit tit nd 
 Philotam decurrerent^ qui placere velknt tihi \ Is apiid te 
 fiiitf cujns gratiajn expetere^ ^< iram timer e pojfetnus. Si 
 hoc crime7i efl^ tu pamos imiocetites habes^ immo Hercule 
 neminem. 
 
 When a Thought is at once both fubtle and judici- 
 ous, it adds much to the Delicacy of it ; as the Reflexion 
 of Virgil^ on the Imprudence or Weaknefs of OrploetiSy 
 who in bringing his Wife out of Hell, look'd back, and 
 loft her again in a Moment. 
 
 Cum Subita incautum dementia cepit amantem 5 
 Ignofccnda quidem : fcirent fi ignofcere manes. 
 
 Georg. 4. 
 Whe7t Jirojig T)efires tlf impatient Tonth invade 5 
 ^y little Caution^ and much Love betrayed: 
 A Fault ixihich eafy 'Pardon 7night receive. 
 Were Lovers judges, or cou'd Hell forgive. Dryd. 
 
 ^levedo^the SpaniHi Poet, has given another Turn to thi* 
 DeTcent into Hell o{ Orpheus, to look after his Wife. 
 
 Al infierno el Tracio Orfeo 
 Su muger baxo a bufcar : 
 Que non pudo a peer lugar: 
 liievarie tan mal dcfleo. 
 
 Canto 
 
LoGicK ^;?^ Rhet ORicK. 173 
 
 Canto y al mayor tormento 
 
 Pufo fufpenfion y efpanto, 
 
 Mas que lo dulce del Canto 
 
 La novedad del intento. 
 
 El triite Dies ofendido 
 
 Do tan eftrano rigor, 
 
 La bena que hallo mayor 
 
 Fue bolverlo a fer marido. 
 
 Y aunque fu muger le dio 
 
 Por pena de fu pecado : 
 
 Por premio de lo cantado 
 
 Perder la faciiito 
 
 When Orpheus "joeary of his Life^ 
 
 Went toHeli to jtek his Wife-, 
 
 Some [ay\ Jince Cuckold "xas the Cafe, 
 
 His Siifmefs there --jcas like the Tlace, 
 
 Where elfe could he have gone as welly 
 
 JWiJe to look for, as to Uelh 
 
 27?' i72jernal ^o'w'rs ischo found his Strains^ 
 
 Stiff ended their infiiBed Tains 5 
 
 Gave him again his Hotifehold Curfew 
 
 And thought they could not f. ague him 'u.'orfe: 
 
 Sut to re-ward his Harps fxest Sound^ 
 
 1'he Wife ixas lofi as foon as found. 
 
 ^ere 'Bouhoiirs does not give this as an Inftance of true 
 Delicacy 3 there may be fome Wit in it, but furely it is 
 not very deiicate, as is this faying of 'Tacitus on Galbds 
 Government : Major frivato vifus dum p'ivatus fuit 5 ^ 
 omnium confenfu capax Imferi], nifi imperafjet. ** While 
 ** he was a private Man, he feem'd too great for one 3 and 
 *' a! 1 the World would have thought him worthy of the 
 *' Empire, had he never been Emperor." Ot this Kind 
 is what 'Plijiy fays of the Emperor "Trajan^ Liberality 
 KQ Egypt \k\ a Time of Scarcity. ABumernt defaciindif- 
 fima gente fi libera fuiffet. " The moft fruitful Province 
 " in the World had been irreparably loft, if fhe had been 
 *' free. " The learned Jefuit cannot give an Example 
 or two out of the antient or modern Authors, which are 
 not French 5 but we muft have many out of the Waitings 
 of his Countrymen, and always to the Credit of his Coun- 
 try, or the King of it. One of their Authors faid of 
 Saint Ze-zvis. The ASlicn he did -zvould be accused of Te- 
 racrity^ if Heroick Vaiur -zvas 7iot above all Rules. And 
 another fpeaking of the Paflagc of the Rbir.c^ when the 
 
 French 
 
^ 
 
 174 The ARTS of 
 
 Trench invaded Holland^ has thefc Expreffions. 7'he Efie- 
 my charged the Cuvalry as they landed j the Rimris rapid^ 
 and the Wavei beat about them^ enough to make any one 
 ffjraid^ if Frenchmen 'vcere capable of Fear. 
 
 Horrendum ! fcirent, fi quicquam horrefcere GaHi. 
 If Freiichmen "-joere capable of Fear^ behave your fehes 
 like Frejich^ and fuch like Phrafes are ridiculous to 
 us Englifrmen 5 in which perhaps we are a little too na- 
 tional, and nothing but the Vanity of our Neighbours, 
 and their Overvaluing themfelves, /hould hinder us from 
 allowing them to be a brave and gallant People. The 
 next Example of a Thought, that has as much good Senfe 
 in it as De.icacy, is what was faid of the Misfortunes 
 of Queen Henrietta Maria^ Wife to King Charles, I. O 
 Mere, Femrae, Rei72e admirable, ^ digne d'wie meil- 
 leure Fortune, fi les Fortunes de la 'T'trre ejioient qiielqiie 
 chojel Oh admirable Mother, Wife, and ^leen, worthy 
 of a better Fortune, if the Fortune of this TVirld "jcas imrtb 
 any 'thing. Another like Example is taken out of 
 Virgil. Lib. 10. 
 
 Rhaebe, diu, res fiqua diu mortalibus ulla eft, 
 Viximus. 
 
 Oh Rhebus, ixe have liv'd too long for me, 
 
 Jf Life and Long -ixere terms that cou^d agree. 
 
 Dryd. 
 The Refleftion is fine, and the Moral excellent, but fome 
 think it is thrown away, being fpoken to a Horfe, and 
 probably there may be fome too, that will not allow of 
 Father Bouhours Excufe for Virgil 5 that he did it to imi- 
 tate Homer, who makes Acl.nlks fpeak to his Horfe. 'Tis 
 natural for a Man in a Paffion with his Horfe, or with 
 any Thing elfe, to fpeak to it, a Word or two j but a fet 
 Difcourfe, a moral Reflection to be made to it, is, what 
 I believe many will think inexcufable in both Homer and 
 Virgil, unlefs the Horfe could have fpoke again, as Ba.- 
 laam\ Afs did. The French Sappho is again introduced, 
 fpeaking in the Praife of Louis Le Grand. 
 
 Mefme dans les plaifirs il eft toujours Hero. 
 
 B^en in his Tleafures, he isjiilla Herce. 
 Madam de Maintenon, Madam de Montefpan, Madam de 
 la Valette^ i^c. were better Judges of that Hcroifm, than 
 the Sappho of Frnn-c. What (lie fays of a Fertivalat Mar- 
 /y, where the Lords and Ladies of the Court, play'd and 
 
 purchas'd 
 
LoGicK /^W Rhetorick. 175- 
 
 purchased what they had a Mind to, without cofting them 
 any Thing, is equally fine and delicate, ^fhe Kihg only 
 lojt li'hnt c-ii tl's reji gaui'd^ if one may call that lo/wg, to 
 have the 'Pitajurc of givnig^ "jcithoiir dcfinng fo raucio as 
 thanks jcr it. 1 wilh the tollowin^ Refledion had been 
 made Engl;p before the Hiltory ot the Grand Rebellion^ 
 or Arch-deacon Echard's HKtory of hvgland had been 
 written. *' Ail political Refledions, fuch efpecially as 
 *' we meet with in Hiftory, ought to hz very delicate. 
 " Thofe HifLorians are not to be born with, who afifeft 
 " to be fententious, and yet fay nothing but what is com- 
 " inon. " As Echr.rd^ when he fays of Monk's watching 
 Eamhirt^ as a Cat --xctches a Monfe, &c. All 
 Reflexions in Hiflory are intended to keep Hijlorical 
 the Reader awake, and teach him fomething Refle£iions, 
 that is new. Thole that are not delicate, but 
 what every one might have thought, are fo far from 
 awakening, that they dull the Reader, if they do not pro- 
 voke him, by telling him what he knew before. 
 
 Tacitus has more Reflections than any other Hi- 
 flcrian ; he has rather too many than too few 3 but they 
 are excellent, and the Political Hints which are fcat- 
 ter'd up and down in his Narration, make amends for 
 the Roughnefs of his Stile. 
 
 M A K 1 A N A is very fententious in his Hiflory o£S/>aif/, 
 politely and purely written in Latin and Spanip. *Tis 
 Ibmewhat furpriiing that having taken Li'oy for his Mo- 
 de], as to Stile, he fhould imitate ^I'acitm as to Reflec- 
 tions 5 nay, fo exact an Imitation, that fometimes his 
 Thoughts are the very fame with thofe of Tacitus, 
 Speaking of Carilus^ Arch-bifliop of "Tcledc, who repre- 
 hended Do7t 'Pedro, the Cruel, for his Debauchery, for 
 which the Tyrant heartily hated him 5 He fays, ^The 
 Jong's Reafons for hating the Arch-lipop, ivere f much 
 the ?nore Jiro77g, by ho'v much they '-.-'.■ere tinjnft. '■Jacitiis 
 has the fame Expreflion, almoft Word for Word, when he 
 fpeaks of the fecret Platred which 'Tiberius and Zii'ia 
 bore Germanicus.Odii caufce acricres quia iniquac: Ma.ri<im. 
 j^nxitis occnltis in fe Tatriii Avieequc OdiiSy quorum caufce 
 acricres, quia iniqutf: Tacitus. Upon Ferdinand V. King 
 of Jrragon's, leaving the Aflembly of the Eflates at 
 Saragrffa^ to repair to Segovia, on News ofthe Death of 
 Henry IV. his Brother in Law ; and there being a great 
 Party form'd againtt him, in lavour oi Jean, Daughter 
 
 of 
 
176 7he ARTS of 
 
 of Henry y Mariana rcfleds thus. Isl.th'mg is morefafe, 
 than to make kajle in all T)cmejtick iDivifiom^ ixherein 
 Mxemtion is more necejjary than [Deliberation. Belio Ci- 
 vili fafto magis qua r. confuito opus, nihilque feilinatione 
 tutius: Alariana. Nihil in Difcordijs civiiibus feilinatione 
 tutius, ubi tacto porius tpam confuJco opus eflet. ^Xacitvs, 
 of ViteUim'i Soldiers. Strada^ who propos'd ^lacitiis for 
 his Model rather than Lwy^ has not Itolen fo much from 
 the former as Mariami has done, tho' the latter was his 
 Model, or has conceal'd his Thefts better. Yet however 
 we do find them out now and then : as where he fays in 
 l)is Wars of Fianders 5 Viiijfimo cuiqiLe crej'cit aiidacia^ fi 
 fe tijrieri fentiar. I'he greateft Cowards grow bold, if 
 they find their Enemies are afraid of them. 'Xacitiis 
 doubtlefs gave him the Hint, by faying of the Populace, 
 Uihil in "julgo modimniy terrere ni pa-veant. There is no 
 mean among the vulgar, if they don't fear themfelves, 
 they make others afraid. One ot the fineft Reflexions 
 in Strada is borrow'd from Tacitus^ where he fpeaks of 
 ^iberiih's and Li'via's afifecled Lamentations for the Death 
 of GermanicvA. 'Periijfe Germamcnm nniii jaElantiiis mds- 
 rent^ qiihm qui 7'naximi IdStantiir. No Perfons were outward- 
 ly more affeded for the Death of Germantcus^ than thofe 
 •who inwardly moftrejoic'd at it. .SVr^i^.-Nulli jaflantius fi- 
 dem fuam obligant quam qui maxim^i violant. No 'Per- 
 sons plight their Faith •zvitb more Ofie7itation^ than thofe 
 whofoonejl break it. This is rather borrow'd than ftole, 
 rather an Imitation than a Copy j and had Mariana done 
 no more in the Reflections he took from 'Tacitus^ he 
 would not have been cenfur'd for it. After all, there are 
 excellent political Maxims, in both the one and the other 
 Strada and Alariana^ which perhaps are their own, tho' 
 they have much of Samenefs in them, as Mariana ; Fefe 
 in omni cert amine qui potsn fior efr^ qiiamvis oftimo jtirs 
 nitatiir^ ii/\uriam tamenfacf revidetur. In all Differences 
 among Princes, the moll: powerful feem to be in the 
 "Wronc» 5 let the Right be ever fo much on their Side. 
 Strada neque credi aggrejfnrnm^ qui non Jit ptperior. The 
 weakeft is never thought the Aggreflbr. How extreamly 
 juft, fine, and delicate are all thefe Thoughts ! and in- 
 deed, how jufl: are all Pers Soukoirrs Obferv.itions ; but 
 where he takes his Examples from Panegyricks on the 
 
 Kings and Princes of Pr^wce ! He goes on. 
 
 An 
 
L OGICK ^;/^ Rhetor icK. 177 
 
 An Appearance ofFalfehood, is fomctimes what makes 
 k Thought fine. *Tis laid, 'jThe Hours are longer than 
 Tears^ which is tirue in one Senfe : For the Duration of 
 Hours, with Refpe6i to Trouble and Care, is more 
 felt than that of Years, which have no Refpefl to 
 them. 
 
 l^he Happy have ■■whole Tears ^ a72d thofe they chufe: 
 "The Unhappy have hut Hours^ and thofe they loj'e. 
 
 is finely thought 5 with the Happy, the Time goes as they 
 would have it 3 with th'e Unhappy, all Opportunities of 
 doing themfelves good are Joft. The Thought is falle 
 in Appearance 3 the Unhappy have their Years to their 
 Sorrow, as well as the Happy, and the Happy have their 
 Hours as well as the Unhappy : But the Coniku6tion is 
 juft, fine, and delicate. A Princefs faid in France^ 'The 
 Stin makes fair I'Veather only for the people. She meant 
 that the Converfation of Perfons, who are dear to us, 
 is pleafanter than the faireft Weather 3 and fo it is : For let 
 the Sky be ever fo ferene, and the Sun fhine ever fo 
 bright, Time will be tedious without the Company of 
 thofe we love. The Propofition however feems to bs 
 falfc, and it is that only which renders it beautiful. The 
 Propofition is every Way falfe, and confequently no Way 
 beautiful 5 one can have the Converfation of Friends in 
 fair Weather, as well as foul, and the Goodnefs of the 
 Weather, will ever contribute to the Alacrity of the Com- 
 pany. One can converfe with them in Gardens and Fields, 
 and with the more Joy, the pleafanter the Day is, in fair 
 as well as foul Weather, and the Princefs not have had 
 iin Infinite deal of Wit ^ to have faid fo whimfical a Thing. 
 The Rinaldo o{ Taffofm the laft Battle between the Chri- 
 ftisns and Saracens kills more Men, than he gave Blows. 
 
 Di^ pill morti che Colpi. 
 
 And a French Author faid of their Grand Monarqve^ that 
 in his Anfwers, he fpoke more Things than Words. Ths 
 Air of Falfehood in thefe two Thoughts, renders them 
 both delicate. We know very well the Meaning of the 
 More Men^ and are not at all deceived by it : Befides, 
 there is Truth in both of them. One Blow might kill more 
 than one Perfon, and in one Word might be many under- 
 ftood. Cicero fays of "Thucydides j It a creber eft reriira fre- 
 i^uentid^tit vwhrum ;prnpc numerum fententiarum numero 
 
 I^ ponfsquautr. 
 
178 The ARTS of 
 
 cofifequatur. The Number of Things in his Difcourfe is 
 almoft as great as that of Words. \Pere Soul-oiirs thinks 
 the Frefich fpoken of the King is better than the Latin, 
 Jl dit flui /le Q:ofes que de paroles. He fays more Things 
 than Words : to fignifie that his Anfwers were fhort, and 
 to the Purpofe. 
 
 1 F, as I have read, King William made all his Speeches 
 firft himfelf in Frt7icl.\ and gave them to his Council in 
 writing, to be rendcr'd into Bnglip and revis'd ; No Prince 
 ever fpoke more conciieJy, nor eloquenrly. The Author 
 of the Hdlaiid Journal fajs, he had feen one of thofe 
 Manufcript Speeches in Fre72cL\ as it was revis'd, and that 
 ail the Alteration was the Church of England^ inftead of 
 Egli[Q ATiglicane^ the Anglicaji Churchy which was altcr'd 
 at the Motion of the Lord Mor.iairnt^ now Earl of F^e- 
 terhonugh. Of the laft concife Way of Thought and Ex- 
 preiSon, is that of SaUisff, hi maxima Forttma minima 
 licentia efi. Cojiar was fo delighted with ir, that he tranf- 
 lated it three feveral Ways. ^The mere Akn have of For - 
 twie^ the kfs Licence fhouli they allcrjo thei'afelves ; the 
 more their Fcrtujie ferinits them^ the lefs they pould per- 
 mit themfehei 5 aiid 'xhen their 'Fo'xer has no Sounds^ 
 they fbouid fet the more imrro-'x Limits to their De fires, 
 ^ere Souhoiirs tra.n(ia.:es it thus, I?i great For time there's 
 lefs Liberty^ which preferves the Turn of the Thought 
 better 5 and he adds. May not one fay, there is fomething 
 cf Fali'ehood in ir ? how comes it, that thofe who have 
 moft Power, have lefs Liberty ? Yet, fo it is, when we ex- 
 amine the Matter thoroughly. Perfons who have an ab- 
 folute Power, the Height of whofe Condition expofes 
 them to the Eyes of the World, ought to allow themfelves 
 in fewer Things than others. And in this Senfe it is, 
 we muft undenland what Seneca fays, Ciffari ??zi!lta ncn 
 licenty quia crania licent^ Many Things are not permitted 
 to Ceffir, becaufe all Things are permitted. 
 
 These Thoughts are of the Nature of thofe, which 
 the fame Semca calls myfterious, funt qui fenfns fr£ci- 
 dant^ l^ him gr attain fperent^ fi fententia fepenierit^ £^ 
 audienti SufpicioTiemfui fecerit. £p. 114.. where more is 
 underitood than feen, as in thofe Pifbires ^liny fpeaks 
 of, which, tho' admirably well painted, and good Judges 
 allow'd them to be in Perfection, yet they ftill difco?er'd 
 fomething more than the Paintin-^ exprefs'd, and fhew'd 
 that the Painters Genius went beyond his Art. In omni- 
 
 btiS 
 
LoGiCK atid Rhetoric K. 179 
 
 Itis ejus OJierihm intelllgitur }lm femfer 
 qiiam pngituTy ^ cum Jrsfumma fit, Ivge- Myjleriom 
 nium tamen ultraArtem efi. Hift. Nat. Lib. 5 5. thoughts. 
 cap. 10. For this Reafon alfo it is that ac- 
 cording to the fame 'Pliiiy, the latter Pieces of excelJent 
 Painters, even thofe that are unfinifh'd, have deferv'd 
 more to be admir'd, than finifh'd Pieces. For, befides that 
 we can't help grieving for the Lofs oF thofe great Mafters 
 who were hinder'd by Death from finifhing fuch rare 
 Pictures, and that our Grief makes us fet the more 
 Value on what remains of theirs ; we have a Glimpfe 
 of what they would have added, had they liv'd longer, 
 and guefs what their very Thoughts were. J^iip;pe in lis 
 lineameiita reliqua^ ^Jlf^^b ccgitationes artificirraf^edfajitur^ 
 ib. c. II. 
 
 Further, there are delicate Thoughts, which de- 
 light the Underflanding by fufpending it at firf}-, and 
 furprizing it afterwards. Nothing can be more exquiflte- 
 ly pleafing, it muft be attended with a little Rapture, 
 efpecially, if the Mind be elevated as well as furpriz'd, and 
 not after Mr. Saysh Manner. In that Sufpenfion and Sur- 
 prife, all their Delicacy confifts, as is feen in this French 
 Epigram. 
 
 Superbes Monumens que voftre vanite 
 
 Eft inutile pour la Gloire 
 Des Grand Heros don't la Memoire 
 
 Merite 1' Immortalite ! 
 Que fert-il que Paris aux Bords de fbn Canal 
 
 Expofe dc ncs Rois ce grand Original, 
 Qui fceut fi bien regner, qui fceiit fi bien combattre ? 
 
 On ne parle point d' Henri quatre 
 
 On ne parle que du cheval. 
 
 ^rond Momm2e72ts ! Hozv tifekfs is your Vanity 
 
 To the Glory of thofe Heroes^ 
 
 Whofe Memory deferoes to be Immortal I 
 Of^jchat Ufe is it that Paris Jffj 
 
 0;i the ^anks cf her Qinal^ 
 
 The Father cf otir Kings expos'd^ 
 Who kvewfo 'zvcll to Reig7i, fo ivell to War. 
 
 Henry the Fourth is never jiar/i'dy 
 
 Nothing's tallCd oflnit the Horfe, 
 
 The Fall which was not expefled, and ftrikes the Mind 
 all at once, after the firft Thoughts had held it in Suf- 
 
 N 3 pence, 
 
i8o r^^ ARTS of 
 
 pence, is what makes this Epigram as fine as it is deli- 
 cate, ^lia ncva placenta tdeo feuteutiae qii£ defimmt frds- 
 ter opimomm aeteBant. Arirt- Rhet. A Poet of the Au~ 
 giijian Age to make his Court to the Emprefs, and by 
 that Means regain the Favour of the Emperor, Says, that 
 Fortune in placing Livia on the Throne of rhe Ccefar^S^ 
 fhew'd that flie is not a blind Goddefs, but that fhe has 
 very good Eyes. 
 
 Fcemina fed Princeps, in qua Fortuna videre 
 Se probat, & caccae Crimina falfa tulit. 
 
 *t having always been faid, that Fortune is blind, one is 
 *urpriz'd to hear fhe has fo good Eyes as to diftinguifh 
 the Merit of an accompli/h'd Princefs. 
 
 A s to the Jgreeable and 'Delicate^ form'd by the Fall 
 in the Frencb Verfes, there muft be great Care that tho 
 Thought comes down gently, and that it is not tumbling, 
 inftead of falling. Sutler abounds with thefe Falls, and 
 tho' he does not much affe(5l 7)elicac)\ his Thoughts arg 
 often very agreeable. 
 
 Great Witi and Valours like great States^ 
 Do fo}neti}}?es fink ijoith their oiiii IVeigbti, 
 I'he Extreains of Glory and oj Sbame^ 
 Like Eaf and Wefi become the fame. 
 No Indian 'Prince has to his Palace 
 More Follo'werSy than a Thief to th' Gallows. 
 
 There is a Fall with a Vengeance, worfe than from Henry 
 IV. of France to a Horfe ; from an Ealtern Monarch to 
 a Thief, from a Throne to the Gallows. So eafy is it to 
 provoke Mirth, wh^n v/e wou'd excite Admiration, unlefs 
 great Care dircdcd by good Judgement, is taken in this 
 delicate Way of Thinking. 
 
 'TwAs faid of the'antient .S'^/'/'/:?(?, thsit j^fiemofyne 
 hearing her fing, was afraid Mankind would make a 
 tenth Mufe of her j nay, One was frequently term'd the 
 tenth Mufe. Kow the Number of Mufes being limited 
 to nine, the firft Time that Sappho was call'd the tenth 
 Mufe, the Mind muft have been a little furpriz'd, and in 
 Sufpence, ten Mufes having never been before heard of. 
 Afterwards, when the Expreffion was more us'd, that Suf- 
 pence and Surprize were taken off, and the Thought be- 
 came common as it is now, which will not admit of De- 
 licacy. The longer this Sufpenflon lafts, the finer will 
 the Thought appear, when it is off, and the Difcovery 
 
 made. 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. i8i 
 
 jnade. A Greek Poet in Praife of 2)ercylis, whofe Wit 
 and Learning were equal to her Beauty and Charms, be- 
 gins thus J 
 
 I'/oere are four Graces^ tixo Vemn^s^ and ten Mufes. 
 
 And adds to prove it. 
 
 Dercylis is a Grace, a Vejius^ and a Miife. 
 
 The firft Propofition is a Paradox, and fufpends the Mind ; 
 for we generally reckon three Graces, only one Vetitis, and 
 nine Mufes. The Delicacy lies in encreafing the Num- 
 ber, by making dercylis a tenth Mufe, a fecond Venus, 
 and a fourth Grace. 'Tis a Kind o^ Enig?7ia propos'd by 
 the Poet, and is the more piquant, the \q^s the Senfe was 
 at firft comprehended, 
 Mr. Menage inferts this Epigram out of the Anthologia 
 
 Ttrff-apf? ki Xuatrii, l\x(pictt S'uo, kch a'ix.x Mscr«t, 
 
 Tranflated by DuTerier, 
 
 Ecce decem Veneris Comites Venus altera & ipfa. 
 
 Making ten Graces inflead of ten Mufes j and we fee by 
 this, how few there were that underftood the Greek. 
 Tongue in France^ as well as Ejigland, fifty Years ago. 
 Menage tells us Mr. Fourmi explain'd the Greek to tOit 
 'perier, who was reckon 'd a good Latifi Poet, as was alfo 
 ^.Vavajfeiir, who turn'd the Greek Verfes thus. 
 
 Bina Venus , Mufsque decem, bis Gratia duplex : 
 'Hercylis has inter. Gratia, Mufa, Venus. 
 
 The Criticifm is upon the Ufe of Gratia in the fingular 
 iJbTumber. San72ariiis renders the Greek thus. 
 
 Quarta Charis, decima es mihi Pieris, altera Cypris 
 Caffandra, una choris addita Diva tribus. 
 
 Here the Critick is on CyJ>ris and 'Pieris^ as no Greek 
 Words. Another French Poet rendered them thus. 
 
 Sunt Mufae bis quinque, duas Veneres, Charitefque 
 Quatuor 3 Alcippe 5 JMufa, Venus, Charis eft, 
 
 And another thus, 
 
 Tres olim Charites, Venus Una, novemque Camajnae, 
 J^Tunc Charis has praiter, Mufa, Venufque Lyce es. 
 
 N 3 And 
 
i8x The A'^T S of 
 
 And in French, 
 
 11 eft dix Mufes, deux Venus, 
 Et quatre graces de bon compte, 
 En voici la rdifon : Madonte 
 Fait entre elies le pardeiius. 
 
 Ten Mufes^ and two ^ieem of Love^ 
 Four Graces yoit may tell : Madonta makes 
 Whafs over and above. 
 
 I was the more willing to take Notice of this, for that 
 'Fere Sotihoiirs''s Criticifm is obferv'd in the Menagiana^ 
 Vol. iv. p. 29. and the Verfes are taken out of the Antho- 
 Icgiay which Dryden reprefents as containing the very 
 Dregs of Poetry. 
 
 The Countefs de Stiza was a famous Lady in the 
 laft Age, at the Court of France^ much admired for her 
 Wit and Beauty. A French Poet wrote the following Verfes 
 to be put under her Pifture, wherein fhe was reprefented 
 in a Car, like a Goddefs in the Air. 
 
 Quae dea fublimi rapitur per inania curru ? 
 
 An Juno, an Pallas, num Venus ipfa venit ? 
 Si genus infpicias, Juno , fi fcripta, Minerva 5 
 
 Si Spedes Oculos, Mater Amoris erit. 
 
 What Goddefs is'r "jcho in that Car^ 
 Apfearsfo glorious in the Jir ? 
 Juno or Pallas, may it be ? 
 Or is it Venus •whom' ivc fee ? 
 Jf you regard her by her Race^ 
 -S'/re'j Juno ; by her charming Face, 
 She*s Yenusi by her Wit Minerva. 
 
 The Verfes on the Piflures of the Tiyikt o^ Marlborctigh''^ 
 four Daughters, which have not yet been printed, do not 
 Want for Delicacy. 
 
 JIc-w many Graces are there ? Colon cry''d. 
 Three --Why d'ye ask it ? Lycidas reflfd, 
 Mo-jc. many Graces flmild there be ? 
 Vmfiire, cries Colon, there are more than three 5 
 "■fen Tieces cn''t — Says Lycidas, 'tis done. 
 In Hajle to Marlbro' Hotfe they riin^ 
 There Venus and the Graces ftand^ 
 ^r^'vcn by fame Roman Maftefi Hand, 
 
 1 ^nt 
 
LOGlGK /?»^ R HEX O RICK. 183 
 
 Silt the fair 2)atigbters ivbomfam'd Kneller 4rew 
 
 Hapfn'wg to bejirji in View .- 
 j^sfoon as Colon ofd the 7)oor 5 
 Fvelofi, J^jyi Lycidas, I fee there's four. 
 
 The Naivety of this Thought contributes very much to its 
 Delicacy. 
 
 ^ere Sotihotirs is of Opinion, that there is fomething too 
 delicate in the Verfes on the Countefs de Siiza^ or at leaft 
 too gallant j but then he commends them for the Elevati- 
 on, and mentions it as an Inftance where Delicacy and 
 Greatnefs meet together in an equal Degree. If I am not 
 too fond of Mr. JVallefs fine Imagination and harmonious 
 Numbers, thefe Verfes of his contain Greatnefs and De- 
 licacy in as equal Degree. They are addrefs'd to Henrietta 
 Maria Queen-Mother of King Charles and King ^ames II. 
 
 Jl brave Romance^ "jcbo ivoti'd exaBly frame ^ 
 Firfi brings his Knight from fome immortal i)ame : 
 And then a Weafon and a flaming Shield^ 
 bright as his Mother's Eyes, he snakes him meld. 
 None might the Mother of Achilles be, 
 Silt the fair 'Pearl and Glory of the Sea. 
 I'he Man to 'whom great Muto gives fiich Fame, 
 From the high Sed of Heav'nly Venus came. 
 And otir next Charles, isohom all the Stars defign 
 Like Wonders to accomplip, firings from thine. 
 
 The Sufpence holds to the laft Line, and goes off with a 
 Complement and a Prophecy, which wanted nothing but 
 Truth, to render it equally delicate and gallant 5 as in the 
 next Verfes, addrefs'd to the Queen, Con fort to King 
 ^a?nes II, 
 
 T'/^o' other Names our txiary Writers ttfe. 
 Ton are the StibjeB of the Brhifh Miife. 
 2)ilati72g Mifcbiefs to your felf tmknozvn^ 
 Men ivrite and die of Wounds they dare net oi^on. 
 So the Sright Sun burns all our Grafs azvay. 
 While it means nothing but to give us liay. 
 
 Ovid in his de ^onto thinks fomething like the FrenchVoct 
 on the Countefs de Suza : 
 
 Qii£e Veneris formam, mores Junonis, habendo 
 Sola eftccelefti digna reperta toro. Lib. 3. Eleg. 
 
 N 4 ^« 
 
184 The ART S of 
 
 To Venus'5 Form, ivho JunoV Afawiers joinSy 
 Is only 'worthy of the Sed of "^ove. 
 
 'Tis fpoken ofZivia^ the Wife of Augujlus Ccefar. Much 
 like this is what Zopez de Vega fays of the Princefs 
 Jfmeiiia^ who was alike beautiful and valiant. 
 
 Venus era en la paz, Marte en la Guerra. 
 In ^eacepe Venus isoas^ and Mars in War. 
 
 Of this Kind too is I'affd's Thought on Rinaldo. 
 
 Se il vedi fulminar fra I'arme auvolto 
 Marte la ftimi. Amor fe fcopre il volto. 
 
 *Jo fee him meet the Foe in Fighty he looks 
 
 Jjtke Mars, afzd ix>hen his Helmet's up^ like Love. 
 
 The firft Image has Slaughter and Death in it, the 
 laft is all Swecmefs and Beauty, which is as agreeable 
 as furprizing. In the Image of Mars^ nothing could be 
 admitted but what is Fierce and Grand j in that of Love, 
 nothing but Sweetnefs and Beauty : This Mixture of the 
 Rage of the one with the Charms of the other, is at 
 once both furprizing and agreeable. There's a Delicacy 
 without Mixture, as in the Pleafantry of thefe Verfes of 
 J\Uriot: 
 
 Amore trouva celle qui m'eft amere, 
 
 E j'y eftois, j'en fcay bien mieux le conte, ^c. 
 
 Cupid, lighting on the Fair, 
 
 ^1,6 cruel Carfe of all 7ny Care: 
 
 I kmiv ti. e Ihingy for I ztas there. 
 
 Cry'd, Ah Mamma^ Is't yon my Mother ? 
 
 "But f on yerceiv'dfhe ivas another: 
 
 Fie hkfh\i ; cou'd he do lefs, that he 
 
 A G'dpoiild fo mijlaken be ? 
 
 No Cupid, never blujh, crfd 7, 
 
 Had you for ev'ry "Dart an Eye-, 
 
 Jls well as Argus cou'd you fee^ 
 
 Ton jnight in her ?nijlaken be. 
 
 I make no doubt Mr. 'Prior had thefe Thoughts of T'aJ'o 
 and Afarict in his Head when he wrote the following 
 Stania's, 
 
LoGicK and Rhetoric k. iSy 
 
 ^s Afternoon one Stiramefs fZ)^jV, 
 
 Venus flood bathing in a RiveTy 
 Cupid ajhcotmg ivent that Way, 
 
 New fining his 'Bow, new jiU'd his ^tiver. 
 With Skill he choje his parpefi Tiart, 
 
 With all his Might his 'Bow he drew, 
 Aim^d at his beauteous Tarents Hearty 
 
 With certain Speed the Jrrow flew. 
 J faint y I die, the Goddefs cry'd ! 
 
 cruel couldfl thou find none other 
 STo wreck thy Spleen on ? parricide / 
 
 Like Nero thou hafi fiain thy Mother, 
 Toor Cnpid fi)bbing fcarce could [peak, 
 
 Indeeiy Mamraa, I did not know ye, 
 Alas ! how eafy my Mifiake i 
 
 1 took you for your Likenefs Chjoe. 
 
 According to Tere Botihour's Inftruftions we are not to 
 think it ftrange t\\-3iX. Venus fhould talk oi' Nero : The Suh- 
 je£l of the Poem turning on Gallantry. Mr. ^rior ap- 
 plies a like Miftake to the Mother of Cupid. 
 
 W^cn Chloe'i TiElure was to Venus fhewny 
 Surprizi'dy the Goddefs took it for her own : 
 And what, fays fije, does this bold 'Painter meaity 
 When I was bathing thus, and naked feeji ! 
 ^Tleas'd Cupid heard, and checkt his Mothefs Tride^ 
 And who's blind now, Mamma ? the Urchin cry^d 5 
 *'Tis Chloe'i Eye, and Cheeky and Lip, and Sreafi, 
 Friend Howard'^ Genius fancy' d all the refi. 
 
 Marict, as well as ^ricr, was fo taken with laj^o^s 
 Thought, that he drefles it up again, and gives it thus. 
 
 Sous vos atours bien fournis 
 
 D' or Garnis, 
 A Venus vous refemblez 
 
 Sous le bonnet me femblez 
 Adonis. 
 
 Toil, when in rich Embroidery drefi. 
 
 For Venus we miftook 5 
 Whe7i with a Shepherd's Cap and Vefl, 
 
 Tou like Adonis lock. 
 
 My Lord I.anfiown upon Myra in her riding Habit, 
 bears greai; Refeniblance to it. 
 
 When 
 
lU ne ARTS of 
 
 Wheji Myra ia her Sexes Gnrb 'xe fee, 
 I'he ^leen ofSeatity then pe feeras to be: 
 No-zv fair Adonis in this Male tDifgmfe, 
 Or Cupid ki//i7?g with his Mother's Eyes : 
 No St tie oj Emj^ire cbatig'd by this Remove, 
 Uljo feera'd the Goddefs, Jeems the God of Love. 
 
 In another Place, 
 
 Nor Venus jior Diana w/V/ "jce iia7ne ; 
 Myra is Venus and Diana too. 
 
 1 take the following Epigram, written by Mr. 'Prior, 
 to be of the delicate Kind : 'Tis on a Flower painted by 
 Varelf. 
 
 When fam^d Varelfl this little V/o7ider drew, 
 riora votichfafd the growing Work to view 5 
 Finding the '^aintefs Science at a Stand, 
 'The Go.idefs fnatcl.'d the 'pencil from his Hand^ 
 j^nd jinijhing the Piece ^ pe fmilingfaid, 
 Sehold one Work of ?m?2e, which ne^er jhall fade. 
 
 Pere 'Boiihoiin comes, in the next Place, to a Manner 
 of right Thinking which is little ftudied by Englijh 
 Writers, and that is to praife and eulogize the Great, with- 
 out breaking in upon Delicacy and Decency. 
 
 Our Poets and Orators generally make a 
 Praife and direct Attack on their Heroes and Patrons, 
 ^anegyrick. and defcribe them fo particularly that it 
 feems as if they were afraid the good Qua- 
 lities they inveft them with, fhould make the Reader 
 jnidake their Men. 
 
 To praife well is certainly one of the niceft Things in 
 Art, and no Kind of Writing requires more fine Thoughts 
 and delicate Turns than this. Direct Praife, be it ever 
 fo true, is almoft as bad as an Affront. It difgufts thofc 
 that read it, and they are in Pain for the Modefty of the 
 Perfon to whom 'tis addreft. If that Perfon has the leaft 
 Delicacy, he muft be difturb'd at the Uneafinefs fuch 
 Eulogy will give others, and confequently conceive him- 
 felf an ill Opinion of the Flatterer ; for almoft all direct 
 Praife is Flattery. To be good, it muft be difguifed a 
 little, and not ftare one in the Face, as moft Epiftles dedi- 
 catory before our modern Plays do. The Truth is, moft 
 of thefe Epiftlcs being a Part of the Playwrights Profit, 
 tan bear no Difguifc, becaufe every Word has a Value 
 
 fet 
 
LoGicK ^«^ Rhetorick. 187 
 
 fet upon it ; as 'tis faid Mr. Hcvenwgham bought a TitA.\- 
 cation of MoneziXy after he had haggled about the Price, 
 agreed on the Number of Lines, the Exaggerations of 
 the Eulogy, and what is more unconfcionabie than all the 
 Reft, that he wou'd write it himfelf, fay what he pleas'd, 
 and make the poor Poet put his Name to it. Delicate 
 Praife always takes a Man fide- way, not at the tag- end 
 of an Epiftle or Difcourfej as Mr. in a Dedicati- 
 on to the Lord ^Dorfet^ and Mr. 'Pope, in his Addrefs to 
 Mr. Co72greve of the Verfion of Homer y where after having 
 faid direftly enough what might be faid of a great Man, 
 or a great Wit, thefe two Authors fay. This could re- 
 late to no-body but the Lord 'Dorfet and Mr. Congreve. 
 They do not conceal any of the Panegyrick, but only keep 
 the Name to themfelves as long as they can, as Boys at 
 Boarding dp the lail Bit : But I think fuch a Cask or 
 JBundle of Praife being confign'd to any one, 'tis no mat- 
 ter whether his Mark or Name be at the Bottom or Top : 
 According as the Commodity is clean or unclean, he will 
 have the Blame or the Glory of it. That Way of Ad- 
 drefs is rather an Affeftation than a Difguife 5 nay, 'tis 
 coming upon a Man all at once, without the ieaft: Prepa- 
 ation 3 They oblige him to hear all the fine Things that 
 can be faid of aHeroe or a Wit, and then tell him, you 
 ^ are the Man I aim at. Had he been told fo in the Front 
 of the Difcourfe, be might have avoided it, and refufed 
 to have given it a Hearing. Praife to be decent fliould 
 not have the Air of it. There's as much Difference be- 
 tween difguis'd Praife and dired}, as between an exquifite 
 Perfume and un6tuous Incenfe. Flattery renders thofe that 
 areflatter'd ridiculous, and bare-fac'd Praife puts thofe that 
 are prais'd to the Blufh : but where it has not the Air of 
 Panegyrick, it takes People by Self-love, and pleafes their 
 Vanity without wounding their Modefty. 'Tis difficult, 
 indeed, fo to feafon it as to make it pafs as if it was not 
 Praife : Few underftand that Nicety, and profeft Panegy- 
 fifts of all Men know the Ieaft of it. 
 
 But then Father "Bouhotirs would perfuade us, notwith- 
 ftanding what we have already feen and fliall fee of the 
 French Orators, That their Panegyricks on Zt'Ttv^XIV. 
 are extreamly fine and artful. K^ this of a Poet, who 
 had been fometimes in the Country, and when he came 
 to Town a Friend talkt to him thus of the Monarch's 
 yislories^ 
 
 Dieu 
 
i88 The ARTS of 
 
 Dicu fjait comme les Vers, ^c. 
 
 Ueav'n kncnvs you've Verfe at Willf and write 'voitb 
 
 Eafe, 
 A Friend [aid to me once^ ixho thought to pleafi 5 
 jind in this Age of Warriors you can make 
 *Poems as fajl as they can Cities take : 
 My Ge7iiits is ^uite dead, when ?nojl there needs 
 A Gettius to rehearfe [uch mighty Deeds 5 
 She can fo little towards that Work advance^ 
 ^hat pe's ev'ngriev'd at the Succefs of France. 
 
 A Lady Mufe of that Nation, very much admir'd by 
 Father Soiihotirs^ does not in the Jeaft come fhort of the 
 Poet in the fame Way of Thinking, The Perfume is not, 
 as one may fay, held up in the French King's Nofe, but 
 it is as un6luous as Incenfe. The Poetical Lady addrefles 
 herfelf to the Dauphinefs. 
 
 Quoi done PrincefTe, ^c. 
 
 Hon\ Madam^ in a Mo?nenty have you gained 
 I'he Efleem and 'Tenderness of Louis : 
 Our Dauphin is becorne your Lover ^ 
 Ajid all the World adores you. 
 
 What but Enchantments fuch Effects produce ? 
 
 Who but a Goddefs has fuch 'Power ? 
 
 Nothing can your viBorious Charms rejijl^ 
 All Efforts wou'd be vain } 
 Toil, in a Word take Hearts asfajb 
 As our Great Monarch I owns. 
 
 I have before taken Notice that the Extreams of this 
 Delicacy are bordering upon Burlefque, as thofe of Virtue 
 do on Vice j and I believe the Reader will be furprized 
 at 'Pere 'Bouhours citing thefe four Verfes among other De- 
 licacies oflfer'd by the Panegyrifts to Louis XIV. The 
 Subjc£t is that King's taking a Poft-Chaife to reach Mar- 
 faly before it could be deliver'd to his General whpm h^ 
 tent to take Pofleffion of it. 
 
 La Viftoire coufle trop, 
 
 Quand il faut un peu 1' attendrej 
 Louis, ainfi qu' Alexandre, 
 
 Prend Jes Villes au Galop. 
 
 The 
 
tiOGICK /?»^ RheT ORICK. l8^ 
 
 *J'he Victory is boiigJ3t to dear^ 
 
 Which makes theHeroe -iicait^ 
 Louis Great Alexander like^ 
 
 Takes Cities on the Galhp : 
 A To-wn that is by zvaiting got^ 
 
 Is taketi as ^tivere on a I'roT. 
 
 Or thus. 
 
 Such Hajle cur Mighty Monarch raakes^ 
 He on the Gallop Cities takes. 
 
 It naturally falls into Doggrel. To fee the King galloping 
 after his Army, and riding Poft into a conquer'd City, is 
 in the loweft Kind of Burlefque. The Learned Jefuic 
 allows that this Praife is direft 5 and fo he fays is what 
 follows, faid by an Orator on a like Occailon : " His Ma- 
 " jefty raifes himfelf above all Rules and Examples. He 
 " who gives Order to every Thing overturns however the 
 ** whole Order of War. He does that in a few Days, to 
 " do which one would think required feveral Years. He 
 " has found out a certain Art to conquer by abridging 
 " Conquefts 5 an Art that difcredits all the Captains who 
 ** went before him, and that will caufe Defpair to all that 
 " come after him : " Such as the 'iDiike of Marlborough' ^ 
 and 'Prnce Eugene. 
 
 Again, " At a Time when his Enemies believ'd them- 
 " felves in Safety by the Rigour of the Seafon, when no- 
 " body but he would have Thought of War, he reduc'd a 
 " whole Province in fewer Days than was neceflary to tra- 
 " vel through it. " 
 
 'Twill be very convenient to fee what other Authors 
 think with Refpeft to this Prince and others, and how 
 they obferve Decency and Delicacy. Mr. 'prior, in his 
 Stanza's to Soileati in his Ode upon Namur^ is as delicate 
 as gay. 
 
 Neptune and Sol came from ahove^ 
 
 Shaped like Megrigny and Vauban 5 
 They arm^d the fe Rocks, thenpe-zv'd Old Jove 
 
 Of Marli fVocd the ■wond'rom Plan : 
 StiC'j Walls, thefe three trife Gods agreed^ 
 
 Sy Human Force coiCd ne'er bepaken ; 
 Sut you and /, in Homer, read 
 
 Of Gods as ci?// as Men mijfakeja 
 
 Satnbrc 
 
190 The AKT S of 
 
 Sambre and Mcufe tbeir Waves may johij 
 
 Silt jje'er can William'i Force retrain : 
 He'll pafi ihem botlo^ -xbo pafl the Boyne, 
 
 Remember tkis^ and Arm the Sein. 
 
 Mr. Addifon fpeaking of the late Earl of Hallifax praifef 
 King William in the Side-way- 
 
 'J'he noble Montague remaim tmnam'd^ 
 
 For Wit, for Humour, and for Judgment fam^ d ^ 
 
 "•To Dorfet he dire6is his artful Mtije^ 
 
 Jn Numbers fitch as Dorfet'; [elf might nfe, 
 
 Now negligently graceful he unreins 
 
 His Verfe^ ajid -zirites m looje familiar Strains: 
 
 Now Naflau'i God-like ABs adorn his Zifies^ 
 
 And all the Heroe in full Glory pities : 
 
 We fee his Amiy fet in jtijl Array ^ 
 
 And Boyn'i dy d Waives run pirple to the Ssa : 
 
 Nor Simois choakt 'xith Men^ •vcith ArmSy and Slood^ 
 
 Nor rapid Xanthus celebrated Flood, 
 
 Shall longer be the Toet^s higheft Themes, 
 
 The Gods and Heroes fought promifcuous in the Streams, 
 
 Thefe Praifes are not thrown, as it were, in the King's 
 Teeth, Mr. Addifon\ muft pafs by Mr. Mo72tague, and 
 Mr. 'Prior's by Soileau^ before they reach his Majefty. 
 "JThc next Frej2cb Madrigal came from the French 
 Sappho. 
 
 Les Heros de I'Antiquitb. 
 
 The Heroes of Antiquity ^ 
 
 Were Summer Heroes all^ 
 With S^xallows they came in at Spring,' 
 
 And vanijh\i at the Fall. 
 Sright Vi6fory ivas ivont ofOld^ 
 
 To flag her "jceary Wings 5 
 She for their Glory feafd the Cold^ 
 
 "But fears not fl r the King's. 
 In Heats and E'ofts, by Zand and Sea^ 
 
 He Toils and 'Perils dares 5 
 A Heroe of all Seafons, He 
 
 In all purfues his Wars. 
 
 The following Madrigal pleafed Father Sw/z&ow;'; infinitely. 
 Louis plus digne du Trone, ^d 
 
 X/Gwi^ I 
 
LoGicK rt«^ Rhetorick. 191 
 
 I.ewis more ixorthy if the 'Throne^ 
 'Xhan ever yet ivas Kwg^ 
 
 Has taught JBellona a nenxi Arty 
 
 'To make Extemfcres. 
 'That Art was^ to Apollo's 45*0;/;, 
 Jifa^e eajy loiig before j 
 Slit Lewis fcojier takes a Toum^ 
 Tha?i they can make a So7?g. 
 
 The French Poets had really no Occafion to toiJ and 
 fweat as they did in the Service ot their Monarch. They 
 had no need of Invention unlefs it was to add to the Sub- 
 jeft. But in the Praife of the Duke of Marlborough the 
 Poets of England were ftunn'd. They knew not where to 
 begin, nor where to end : The Plan for one Battle was no 
 fooner drawn, but the News of another and greater threw 
 every Genius into Defpair, as in Mr. Cofigreve\ Ode to 
 the Queen. 
 
 Jn the port Coitrfe of a diurnal Sun, 
 'Behold the Work of many Ages dene : 
 
 What Verfe fuch Worth can raije 
 
 Zztfire and Life^ the ^oets Art 
 
 To middle Virtue may imfart : 
 jBtit lieeds fiiblime^ exalted high like thefe, 
 Tranfcend his mmoji Flight J afid mock his dijf ant 'praife. 
 
 How beautiful is this other Stanza ! To his Mufe. 
 
 StttcotN thy Voice 0/ Blenheim yJ;?g- 
 
 And "joith Succefs the So^igpurfue, 
 What Art coiuVi, aid thy -zveary Wing 
 
 To keep the ViBorJiill in Vieiv ? 
 For as the Sun ne'er ftofs his radiajit Flight 
 
 Ncr fets, but -ivith i'rafartial Ray 
 
 To all "jcho ixant his Light 
 
 Alternately transfers the T)ay : 
 
 So in the glorious Ro:ind of Fame 
 
 Gre^^/' Marlborough, //'// the fame 
 
 Inceffant rtms his Course ; 
 
 To climes remote and near 
 
 His ccnqiCring Arms by Turns appear^ 
 
 And universal is his Aid and Force, 
 
 The French King is compar'd to the Stin, in almoft every 
 Book that was written in Fra?ice thirty and forty Year jigo : 
 
 But 
 
l^^ The AKTS of 
 
 But to what fort of Sun ? one that's always flaming and 
 fparkling eventobiirningandfcorching. Nora Sun that eve- 
 ty where difpcrfes his Jieams impartially, and gives Life 
 and Luftrc wherever it fhines. 'Jpcre ^(jvlmin is fenfible 
 that the Eulogy in the preceeding French Poem is too vifi- 
 ble, and without Doubt he wou'd not have inferred it, 
 had he thought that Vifibility wou'd betaken ill. The next 
 Piece he offers us, is that o^ Maynard to Cardinal AiC/.W/fZ/ ; 
 
 Armand, I'age affoiblit mesyeux. 
 
 Which I have tranflated elfewhere in thisTreatife 5 
 
 Arm and my £yes ivith Jgegroiv d'lm^ and 
 
 The End. Que veux tu que je Juy reponde ! 
 
 What Jnp-xtrjlmll I give. 
 
 The Rieri. NoThii?g which the Cardinal wrote under, 
 fhews he was not oF Father Souhozirs's Opinion, as to the 
 Delicacy of the laft Turn in itj or rather that Praife I's 
 much more welcome than Remonftrance in the Court of 
 Frajice. The Truth is, Mdyjiard's was a begging Poem, 
 and it is a very difficult Matter for a Poet to beg with De- 
 licacy and Succefs. The Fear he has of mifcarrying is a 
 Check upon his Imagination, and if he does not fpeak 
 plain, his Patron will be ready enough to think hini unin- 
 telligible. Befides, to be too witty and too nice, may give 
 greater Occafion of Jealoufy than Generoiity. Martial 
 beggs very delicately, 
 
 Pauca Jovem nuper cum millia forte rogarera. Lib. 6 
 
 " When I ask of Jupiter a hundred Crowns, he who has 
 *' beftowed Temples upon me, replies Jdje^ will give thee as 
 *' much. Thel'ruth is, he has given y/i/zVe^r Temples, 
 " but he has given me nothing. I was afham'd to ask luch 
 *' a Trifle of jfove. Doiintian reads my Petition without 
 " any Concern and with the fame Air, with which he dif- 
 *' tributes Kingdoms to the vanquifli'd and fupplyant 2>^- 
 " cia?iSy and with which he goes to the Capitol. Tell me, 
 " I pray you, Oh 'Pallas I you who are the Goddefs moft 
 " honour'd by our Emperor. Tell me, fince he refufes 
 " with fo pleafant a Countenance, with what Countenance 
 " does he give. 'Pallas afluming a gracious Smile, an- 
 *' fwer'd me in two Words : 
 
 Qux nondum data funt, fluke, negata putas ! 
 
LoGiCK and Rhetoric k. 195 
 
 'Doji think that mt to give, is to refufe. 
 Fool as thou art ? 
 
 As to Efiglip Poets they have generally begg'd in the proper 
 Terms, and have generally fucceeded accordingly. I'he 
 Liberality of the Patron, and the Delicacy of the Poet have 
 been for the mod Part very well match'd. 
 
 Mr. 'Prior who wrote fo many fine Poems on King Willi- 
 am and Queen Mary, on the late Queen and the Duke of 
 Marlborough, having facrificed his Principles to a prevailing 
 Pa61ion, and gone into the Depths of their dark Councils, 
 when he had, as it were, given nimfelf up to them Body and 
 Soul, and was reduc'd to the laft Shift of flattering thofe 
 he defpis'd j among other Poetry has fome begging Verfes, 
 wherein his natural Gayety, Humour and Spirit are entirely 
 loft, and burj^'d under the Rubbifli and Heavinefs of the 
 Subjedh He wou'd give us to underftand, that heclaim'd 
 a Share of the Merit of a Poem, entitul'd the Country 
 Moiife and City Afoufe, which got the late Lord Hallifa.v 
 the Title of Moufe Mofitagu, and made Way for fome 
 4nuch better Titles and Emoluments. 'Twas a Raillery on 
 one of 2)ry/len's pooreft Poems, T'/.e Hifjd and ^amher 5 
 and Matthe-uc 'Prior thought it a little hard that he had 
 not a good Place in the Exchequer as well as the Auditor my 
 Lord Hallifax. His Tale therefore is of Mice again, and 
 there is no more Humour in it than confifts in an Imitati- 
 on of Chaticer's Language, and not a very good one. The 
 Reader will foon find out his Heroes, 
 
 'it'way Mice full blyth and aynicahk 
 Satten befide Erie Robert'^ Table, 
 And Eftloons the Lord 
 
 OfBolinglFhilom John the Saint. 
 
 Kow for the begging Part 
 
 ■ I'xeene, 
 
 Matthew is angred on the Spleen, 
 Nefe qtiothMatt nejhall be e*er 
 With Wit thatfalleth all [of air, 
 Eftfoons -well iveet ye, mine hi tent 
 So'-jeeth to your Commanderae^it, 
 Jfby tkefe Creatures ye havefeen 
 ^mrtrayed Charles ^«(^ Matthew been 
 ^ehovethneet toivreck mySrain 
 The refi iji Order to explain, 
 
 O That 
 
194 ^^^ ARTS of 
 
 T'hat Cupboard ivhere the Alice difporti 
 I liken to * St. Stephen'^ Court, 
 therein is Space enough^ I tr iVj 
 Ft r elke Comrade to ccme and gOy 
 ^nd therein eke may both be fed 
 With Shiver of the Wheat en Bread^ 
 Jlnd "jchen as thefe ?/2ii2e Eyen Survey 
 I'hey ccafe to skip^ and [que ak^ and play ^ 
 Return they may to different Cells^ 
 Auditing one ivhile tF other tells. 
 
 He in fo many Words beggs to be a Teller o^ {tit Exchequer' 
 A very fair Employment for a Gentleman, who had been 
 Drawer at a Tavern. I am fo far from mentioning a Re- 
 flexion that I do it to his Glory. 'Twas the Brighrnefs of 
 his Genius, which put him very early in the Eye of the 
 Earl oflDorfet the greateft Aleccenas in our Times ^ and that 
 noble Lord was fo good aPatron, that after a liberal Edu- 
 cation ?itCa7nbridge^ he procur'd him very honourable and 
 beneficial Employments. If 'Priori Uncle was a Vintner, 
 fo was Voiture's Father, and yet I^oiture was as acceptable, 
 to all the Courts in Europe as the 'Princes and Gra?idees, 
 Voitiire wanted one good Quality which Prior had : He 
 cou'd drink of the Wine his Uncle dealt in 5 but Voiture 
 cou'd not do to the fame by his Father's, which expos'dhim 
 to the Raillery of the Bottle-Men in the King's and the 
 Duke of Orleans's Courts. One la Prone had got a good 
 Ettate by being Purveyor of Provifions to the Duke of Or- 
 leans, and there was a Talk of a Match between Voiture 
 and his Daughter, upon which appear'd thefe Verfcs, 
 
 Ah que ce beau couple d'Amans 
 
 Va gouter contenteraent 
 Que leurs delices feront grandes ! 
 
 lis feront touiours en felHn. 
 Car fi la Prone foumit les viandes 
 
 Voiture fournira la Vin. 
 
 jJh ivhat a 'Brace of Levers -will they he 
 H'zv happily theyHl live, ho'x merrily 
 
 They'll of all 'Delicacies t aft! 
 
 jn i all the Tear their Feafi "jcill laji 5 
 
 For if la. Prone his Forces yin 
 With Voiture, there's both Meat and Wine, 
 
 * TheExcbequen 
 
 Vcim"^ 
 
LoGiCK and Rhetoric k. 195- 
 
 P'ohure was a Domefiick of the Duke o( Orleans, and com- 
 ing into a Room of the Palace, where fome Gentlemen 
 his Fellow Servants were making merry, one of them made 
 this £xtemporej 
 
 Quoi ybimre, tu degenere 
 Hors d'icymaugre bleu de Toi 
 Tu ne vaudra jamais ton Pere 
 Tu ne vend du Vin, ni n'en boi. 
 
 Segom Voiture^ degenerate Son 
 Of a good Father^ hence be gone, 
 ^hy Father thee did much excels 
 I'Ijou neither dofl drink fp^ine, nor [ell. 
 
 ^oileati in his Ltitriit puts a fine Compliment on the 
 French King in the Mouth of ASVor/^. Her Complaints, Re- 
 grets and Murmurs are certainly moil: delicate Strokes of 
 Panegyrick on the Bravery and Activity of that Monarch, 
 and wou'd not have been taken fo well from any one but 
 Sloth. 
 
 Helas! qu' efl devenu ce temps, cet heureux tamps, 
 
 What's ofthofe Times ^ thofe haffy ^iraes become 
 When Kings alas ! led lazy Ijves at Home j 
 When glorying in their Idleness they IcWd 
 On a [oft Throne^ and irere by Me controlled ? 
 Me itithotit hlifoing then theyfirv'd^ and gave 
 The Reins cf Rule to [omeilkiftriotis Slave. 
 Some Hotfehold Steixard^ Count, or [nch like "Things 
 Reign'd in the Rocra of an iinaBrSs King, 
 No[aucy Care difiirb'd the ^Peaceful Conrt^ 
 The blifsfnll Hours ■-jcere [pent in Sleep or Sports 
 jSfoF'igils but for 'JPleafiire did they keej\ 
 The Night for Rict, a?id the "Day j or Sleep. 
 Silt lichen the Spring came on, aclfrefh and fair ^ 
 MndZephirsfan'd -zvith balmy Wijigs the Jir^ - 
 Four harnefl Oxen 'ivith Jloiv Mctwn dreiv 
 The King thro* Paris/t^r thepublick Vieiv, 
 Thoughtlefi the Monarch nodded in his Car^ 
 Jlndpafi the Gate, he thought it "xas too far* 
 The gentle Age, Alas ! is no-w no more : 
 ill Fates to other Hands confgn the Tow^n 
 Tieafto my Voice th^ Mo7iarch braves my Chafnti^ 
 And wakes me daily ivith the Noife of Arms. 
 
 ' O a 7<[othii2g 
 
ic?(^ The ARTS of 
 
 Nothing, I'is ivntchf nil Courage can nxiithhoU ^ 
 Swmne^ no Heat, and IVmter has no Cold. 
 My Subjects tremble at bis Naitte^ and 'Peace 
 t/ctvV^ tempted him m vain to tajte of Eaje. 
 His Courage hurry^d on by Glory runs 
 Still gaining battles and jtill taking 'To-ucns. 
 JnTeaceon f/2igbty 'Projects be'se/nj^ky'd^ 
 And all my Hopes of future S'xay defiroy'd, 
 I'oo much it 'xoii'dfatigtie me to explain 
 What Outrages Fve met -iicith in his Reign. 
 
 Oh how finely this is imagin'd ! fays Father Souhorirs^ 
 whereas all the Secret of thefe Panegyricks is to draw the 
 Piclure ot AlexiUider or defar, nay of Caro or Cicero^ and 
 write under it, Louis the Gra-u\i. 'Dry den has given us an 
 Image ot fuch a {lothful Monarch in two or three Lines, 
 which I am the more delighted with, for that hr gives us at 
 the fame Time an Idea of the Bleflings of heredit<try Right : 
 
 tDroptfrom above he lights upon a 'Throne, 
 Gro-ivs of a Piece -zvith that he Jits upon 5 
 Hea'u'ns Choice, a low inglorious rightful 2)rone. 
 
 Which agrees admirably with his Eulogies on King Char- 
 les and King James. Perc Souhours returns again to l^oi- 
 ture-j for no Man ever knew howto praife as he did. In his 
 Letter to the Duke A^Enguien on his taking Tiunkirk^ He 
 begins, " My Lord, I believe you cou'd have taken hold 
 *' of the Moon with your Teeth, had you fct about it." 
 He fhews at firfl-, how much he was embarraft by the Dif- 
 ficulty of the Subjeft to praife him according to hisDefcrts, 
 and therefore turns from the ferious to the pleafant. "With- 
 *' out Doubt in the glorious Condition you now are, 'tisve- 
 *' ry advantagious to have the Honour of being belov'd 
 *' by you J but for us Wits, to write to you on your Succefs, 
 *' is a very perplexing Bufinefs. Where can we find Words 
 " that aniwer to your Actions, or how can we praife you 
 " from Time to Time, when your Viflorics come fo taft 
 *' upon us ! If you wou'd pleafe to be beaten now and then, 
 " or only raife the Siege of fome Town you had attack'd, 
 *' we might help our felves out by the Variety 5 we might 
 *' think of fome handfome Thing or other to fay to you 
 *' on the Inconftancy of Fortune, and what Honour it is to 
 *' fufFer her Difgracescouragioully." 
 
 Voiture began his Congratulations in the fame Manner af- 
 
 tcir 
 
LogIck <?;^^ Rhetortck. 197 
 
 t€r the Prince of Coude had gain'd the Battle of Rcaoy^ 
 *' You have done too much, n\y Lord, to be born with Si- 
 " lence; and you are unjufl: if 50U think to do as you have 
 *' done, and no Body fay a Word of it. If you knew how 
 *' People talk of you at iPariSy I am fatisfy'd you wou'd be 
 " a/liam'd of it, and be aftoniHi'd at the little Care they 
 " take of their Words without Fear of offending you, E- 
 ** very one's Tongue is going, and I muft needs fay, n-.y 
 " Lord, I can't imagine what was in your Head to give 
 " fuch a Shock, at your Age, to two or three old Captains, 
 " to whom you ow'd Refpe^t, if on no other Account, yet 
 *' en that of their Age. To kill the poor Count de I-o:2- 
 *' tames, one of the beft Men in Flcmders^ whom the 
 *' Prince of Orange durft never meddle with 5 to feize flx- 
 *' teen Pieces ot Canon, which belongs to a Prince who 
 *' is Uncle to the King, and Brother to the Queen, and 
 *' with whom you had never any Difference 5 and to put 
 " the b°lt Troops of S^ain intoDiforder, after they had 
 *' been fo civil as to let you pafs by them. I own, I have 
 *' heard it fuid, that you are as obltinate as the Devil, and 
 *' there is no difputing with you when you ar? bent upon a 
 " Thing. But I did not think you wou'd have pufh'd 
 *' Matters fo far as you have dene. If you go on, you will 
 *' render your felf infufferable to the Emperor, and there 
 " will be no bearing you for the King of Spain^^ 1 cannot 
 help thinking this is the moff agreable Panegyrick x\\xt 
 ever was written in any Tongue whatfoever. The Prince 
 muft laugh all thewhilc he was reading it, and the Earneft 
 that was in it being funk in the jfefi, it put his Modcfty to 
 noExpence. ^oileaii was fo charm'd with this Epit^le, 
 that he wrote one in Imitation of it to the Duke de Viven^ 
 iie^ who commanded the French Fleet, upon his Entry into 
 the Phare of MeJJlna. 
 " My Lord ! 
 " Tho' we poor Devils, who are dead, do not concern our 
 *' felves much in the Affairs of the living, and are not ex- 
 " ceedingly inclin'd to Mirth ; yet I can't forbear rejovcing 
 *' at the great Things you do over our Heads. Serioufly 
 " your laft Fi^ht makes the Devil and all of Xoife here be- 
 *' low in a Place where the vervlhunderof Heaven is not 
 " heard 5 and has made your Glory known in a Country, 
 *' where even the Sun is not known." If it were pardona- 
 ble to ask fuch a Queftion of 'Bcilean^ I wou'd put it to the 
 Criticks, Whether thei'c is that Naivety here, which is the 
 
 O 2 Charm 
 
198 TbeAKTSof 
 
 Charm in Voittire^ or whether, ivhere the very I'hunder of 
 Jleaven is not beard^ and the Sun is not kno-wn^ has not 
 more of the Genius of Sa/zac in it than of yoitzire. What 
 follows is more ^oititrefque^ asMr^o/e has it. " There \& 
 *' no Devil here, my Lord, who does not confefs ingenuouf- 
 *' ly, that at the Head of an Army you area greater Devii 
 *' than himfclf. Ihis is a Truth your very Enemies agree 
 *' in. But to fee the Good that you have done at Melfina^ 
 *' for my Part I believe you have more of the Angel than 
 " of the Devil in you, only Angels have a more airy Shape, 
 *' and do not carry their Arm in a Scarfe. Raillery apart, 
 " Hell is extreamly byafs'd to your Favour. There is but 
 *' one Thing to be objected to your Conduft, and that is 
 " the little Care that you fometimes take of your Life, 
 " You are fo well belov'd in this Country, that they don't 
 " defire your Company, ^c" 
 
 Voiwre has a Simplicity with his Gayety, which is ini- 
 mitable and as grave a Thing as Advice is; he knew how 
 to make it both Hatter and pleafc ; as in his Letter to the 
 Duke 4e Jlnguien on the preceeding Subjeft, the taking of 
 Dunkirk. " Set feme Bounds if you pleafe, my Lord, to 
 *' your ViiVories, if it is for no other Reafon but to accom- 
 " modate your felf to the Capacity of Mens Underlbnd- 
 " ing, and. not to go farther than their Belief can go with 
 *' you. Keep your felf for a While at lealt in Repofe and 
 " Safety, and {\xffer France ^ who amidft herlViun^phs is 
 *' always in Pain for your Life, to enjoy for a few Months 
 " at Eafe the Glory you have acquir'd for her." What is 
 pieant by all this, is, that this magnanimous Prince under- 
 took nothing in the Flower of his Age, which he did not ac- 
 complifli by his Courage and Condudi:; that his Adions were 
 incredible and truly marvellous 5 in a Word, that he took 
 no Care of hisPcrfon, but hazarded it too much on the moll 
 dangerous Occafions. 
 
 Having feen what Turns he gave to his Panegyrick on 
 a brave Prince, let us fee his Manner towards a great Mi- 
 ni fter of State the Count de Avaux^ Ambaflador of 
 France^ and Plenipotentiary at the Treaty of An'v(le)\ 
 from whom he had been honour'd with feveral Letters. 
 " We, the Favourites of Apollo^ are aftonifli'd, that a 
 " Man, whofe Life has been fpent in making Treaties, 
 " ilicu'd write fuch fine Letters, and wiOi with all our 
 *' Hearts, that you Men of Bufinefs wou'd not meddle 
 *'• with cur Matters, And certainly you ought, I fliouM 
 
 " think. 
 
LoGicK ^f/^/ Rhetortck. lop 
 
 " think, to content your felf with the Honour of having 
 *' fii ifh'd fo many important Negotiations, and cfpecialJy 
 " the Jail by which y(-u have difarm'd all the Nations of 
 u i]vYo]'e^ without envying us Wits the Glory, fuch as it is, 
 *' of ranging of Words in proper Order, and inventing a 
 " few agreeable Thoughts. It is not handfomely done tor 
 *' a Perfon of your Gravity and Dignity to appear more 
 " eloquent than we are, nor while you are employ 'd 
 *' to bring the Si^-'edes and Jmperialijls to an Agreement, 
 " that you fhou'd be thinking of reconciling jarring Con- 
 " fonants, and meafuring of Periods." 
 
 ^ere 'Bctihoiirs rightly obferves, that there is a Gayety 
 of Wit in thefe Letters cf P^oinire's, as they relate to Prai(e 
 which the Arcients knew nothing of. Cicero lov'd to laugh, 
 but he never laugh'd when he was praifing. Af^rtial^ who 
 often ral'ycs and banters, is grave when he praifesany one. 
 And of all the Moderns I do not remember one that has 
 hit ^w>;/r6''s Manner, which is wonderfully delicate and a- 
 greeable. However there is Raillery among the Ancients, 
 and particularly in Cicero and Martial^ which tho' ferious, 
 is not without Savour 5 as where Ckero fays x.oCa[ar^ Ohli- 
 vifci nihil foks^nifih/j'irias. You arc won't not to forget any 
 Thing but Injuries. Orat.pro J.igar. A French Orator has a 
 fine Exprefiion in the grave Way on the Marefchal de 'J'u- 
 rennet Modefty, II ne tenrAt fas a Itiy qii'on n''otibliaft fes 
 Viffcires i'C fes tricmphes^ 'Twas not owing to him, that his 
 Viftories and his Triumphs were not forgotten. And 
 Ze-ivis XIV having been once in his Life fo gracious, as to 
 come to 'Paris and dine at the Town Hall ; This Verfe 
 was made on it: 
 
 Se Regem oblitus. Rex prope civis erat. 
 
 He forgot he "jras King^ and became almofl a Citize??. 
 Moft of the Panegyricks on the Emperors which we meet 
 with in Martial^ are equally ingenious and agreeable. 
 Upon 1jomitian\ frequent Donatives to the Romans^ he 
 
 Diligcris populo non propter prjemia Casfar, 
 Propter te populus prajmia, Csefar, amat. 
 ^heTeofle do not love yon for your 'Prefents^ 
 'But love your ^refents for you. 
 He conjures him to return to Kome^ by telling him that 
 Rome envies the Enemies of the iifW<^;2 Empire, theHap- 
 pinefs of feeing the Emperor ; how great foever is the 
 Glory fhe acquires by his being at a Diftance. 
 
 O4 Tcr- 
 
200 The ARTS of 
 
 Terrarum dominum propius videt ille, tuoque 
 Terretur vultu Barbarus, 6c fruitur. 
 
 ^he barbarous Nations fee the World's great Lord^ 
 i'hey're frighted at the Sights but fill they fee hi7». 
 
 What the fame Poet fays to Trajan^ is altogether as deli- 
 cate, 
 
 Si redeant Veteres, ingentia Nomina, Patres, ^c. 
 
 " If the ancient Fathers of the Common-wealth /hou'd re- 
 " turn from the £/)y?^?/ Fields, the generous C<?7«/7^z/5, that 
 " Defender of the Roman Liberty, wou'd think it glorious 
 *' to ferve you. Fabricius would receive the Gold that you 
 *' wou'd give him. "Brutlis wou'd rejoyce to have fuch a 
 " Captain and fuch a Mafter as you. The cruel Sylld 
 *• wou'd refign the Command into your Hands, as foon as 
 *• he cou'd quit it. Tompey and defar wou'd have lov'd 
 *' you, and been contented with the Condition of private 
 *' Men. Crajfus wou'd have given you all his Treafures, 
 *' And in fine, Cato wou'd have embrac'd the Party of Cif- 
 *' pr." It is obfervable to the Glory of the Ronian Poets, 
 that the beft and greateft of them always efpous'dthe Caufe 
 of Liberty J and when that generous Spirit expir'd, it dy'd 
 laft in the Works of Men of Wit, Cato\ fubmitting to 
 'J'rajan crowns the Compliment of the Submiflion of the 
 jnoft famous Diftators, and of the more famous and for- 
 midable Triumvirate of l^omj^ey ^Crajfus and defar. 
 
 Ipfe quoque infernis revocatus Ditisabumbris 
 
 Si Cato reddatur, Cacfarianus erit. 
 If Cdito from /^'Elyfian Fields cou'd come^ 
 iVho dy\i tofave the Liberties of Rome, 
 He for thy fake '•jcoiCd a Csfarean be, 
 jitid oiaipe only coti'd befafe in thee. 
 
 Martial has another delicate Thought on a Son of 2)omi' 
 tiany who was juft born, or ready to be born ^ 
 
 Ttrue Race of Gods be born. 
 
 He wifhes the Emperor mightafter many Ages aflbciate him 
 in the Empire, and that the Son then an old Man might 
 govern the World with his Father then very old. 
 
 Quique rcgas orbem cum feniorc fenex. 
 
 Mar- 
 
LoGipK and Rhetorick. xoi 
 
 MaTtml took that from Ovid Word for Word, and only ap- 
 plyes to 7)oraiticins Son, what Ovid apj^y'd to that of ^«- 
 gufiiis. 
 
 Sofpite fie te fit natus, quo fofpes & olim 
 Imperium regat hoc cum feniore fenex. 
 
 Such Sort of Robbery is allowable in Poets, when another 
 Turn is given to the Thought or Expreflion, but I muft 
 leave it to theCriticks to determine, whether it beallow'd 
 to take away the Praife that is given to one Man, and give 
 it entire to his £nemy. 
 
 Mr. Waller in that excellent Poem to Oliver CroiwjoeU^ 
 which begins thus 5 
 
 While "jcith afirong and yet a gentle Hand 
 Totf bridle Faaion and our Hearts commamd^ 
 
 Speaks thus as a Part of the Benefits of his Government 3 
 
 ^he "Tajle of hot Arabia'^ Spice ive h2ozi\ 
 Free f ran the fcorcbing Sun that makes it gro\V. 
 Without the JVorra in Perfian Silks '•jce pine^ 
 And 'liiithoiit planting drink of every Vine. 
 Ours is the Harvejl inhere r/^f" Indians mo'vc^ 
 We plough the 1)eep^ andreap nxloat others fo'-jc. 
 
 A very great Man, whom I fhall not name out of RefpciS 
 to his Memory, in feme Verfes he wrote on the Death 
 of King Charles II. robs the Protestor to adorn the King. 
 
 We reap the fxarthy Indians S-'xeat and Toil^ 
 ^heir Fruit ivithotit the Mifchiefs of their Soil: 
 Jn Perfian Silks eat eajlern Spice feciire 
 From burning Fluxes and the Calenture^ 
 Again. While Charles their Hoji like Jovefrc?'r2 Ida ^a'V, 
 Waller. Once ]o\efrom Ida did both Hofis furvey. 
 
 But if the Thought and Expreffion be apt and any how 
 vary'd, I do not fee where the great Fault is in Imitation. 
 Befides it is certain, that the fame Subject will beget the 
 fame Idea's in good Genius's, and thefe Idea's will very of- 
 ten be exprefs'd in the fame or the like Terms witnout 
 borrowing or imitating. 
 
 Where Martial ralJyes in a bantering Way, there is 
 fometimes as i^c^ a Turn in it, as where he flatters in a fe- 
 rious one t 
 
 Omn 
 
 es 
 
20Z The ARTS of 
 
 Omnes quas habuit Fabiane Lycoris amicaa 
 Suftulic : uxori fiat arnica mea:. 
 
 Lycoris ha% by ^oifin to" ne the Life 
 
 Of her She-Friends : J'-joippe kne-w my Wifs. 
 
 Again. Septima jam Phileros tibi conditur uxor in agro x 
 Plus nulli Phileros quam tibi reddit ager. 
 
 y/j/j the[evei2th Wife ivho in thy Ground is laid : 
 Who mere than thee^ cou'd of that Ground have made ? 
 
 Again. Nubere Paula cupit nobis, ego ducerc Paulam 
 Kolo anus ei\. Vellem, fi magis efTet anus. 
 Feign 'WOu\d kind Paula ijcedme ifpe cou'd : 
 J--wo?2't ; pe's old. Jf older yet ^ I zi-ou'd. 
 
 Ovid's Thought on Hercules'' s Amours is more fine. He 
 makes 'Lej.imra jealous of OmphaLCy who drefs'd her fclf 
 in the Lyon's Skin, while Hercules wore her Robe and 
 Mantle, and in her Jealouiy /lie fays thus to him, 
 
 Falleris & nefcis, non funt fpolia ifta Leonis : 
 Sunttua, tuque fera: vi6lor es, ilia tui. 
 
 Ho'vpameful 'tis to fee a ^rincefs drefs\'i 
 
 Jn the rcvgh Skm cffich a rav'nousSeaJi: 
 
 Mifaken Ma?!, thou\t halkt in thy liefigny 
 
 'lis not the lym's Spoils, pe oiearsbut thine. 
 
 Wi^^t more in this can to thy Glory be ? 
 
 ^y thee the Lyon conquer' d, pe has conquer'' d thee. 
 
 In the preceeding Pages we fpoke of the Delicacy of 
 Thoucjht, as it arifcs from Surprize, particularly by a Fall, 
 as from He7ny the Great of France, toa Horfc, I'hat was in 
 the ferious Kind. But this Epigram of Lord Lanfdo'xn^ 
 is in the Gay. 
 
 'Bright as the 'Day, and like the Morning fair. 
 Such Chloe is, and common as the Jir. 
 
 A terrible Fall from Jurcra to a Harlot ! but the Surprize 
 renders it agreeable. The Delicacy of the next Epigram 
 writf^n by the fii me noble Lord, confiils in the Quick nefs 
 ot the Turn, and the concealing of the Senfe. 
 
 Of t-rto Reliefs to eafe a Lcvefick Mind, 
 Ih\i3iprefcribes Xefpair j 1 urge, be kind. 
 
 Flavia 
 
L o G I c k and Rhetoric k. 2.03 
 
 Flavia be kUid^ the Rei'aedy's asfiire^ 
 *2'is tte ?noJl peafant a7id the quickejt Cure. 
 
 Zofez d/Vcga the Sfatjip Poet has a delicate Thought, 
 which regards that ot Ovtd concerning Hercules and (Jmr 
 fhale^ but is more moral. 
 
 Si aquien los Jcones vence, 
 
 Vence una muger iiermofa : 
 
 O el de flaco fe averguence 
 
 O ella de fer mas furiofa. ■ 
 
 Jf he ~xho conquer'' d Lyons 
 Js by a IViwan conquefdy 
 What Shame j or him to be fo weak 
 For her to befo fierce I 
 
 The Reader will obferve, I do not always tagg my tranH- 
 latedVerfe with Rime, and if I am notmiflaken, neither 
 thefe nor fome others want its Affiftance. 
 
 I'njj'o has happily exprefs'd the FolJy of Hercules^ in 
 drefling himfeU in Owpbak'^ female Habits, by anlnfcrip- 
 tion over the Gate of Anmda\ Palace. 
 
 Mirafi qui fra le Meonie ancelle 
 Favoleggiar con la connochia Alcrde. 
 Se r inferno efpugno, reffe le ftelle, 
 Hor torce il fufo: amor se'l guarda, e ride. 
 
 Which Fairfax has well tranflated 5 
 
 h\c\^t% there fate telling Tales and fpiin 
 
 jimong the feeble Troops cf'Damfels fnild. 
 
 He that the fiery Gates of Hell had -ivgu 
 
 And Heav'n tipheld 3 faife Love food by andfmil'H, 
 
 Arrii\i -ixith his Club fair 'joXtc forth did run^ 
 
 His Club '■xithSlood of Monflersfotildefil'd 5 
 
 A}2d on her 'Back his Lyon^s Skin hadfhe^ 
 
 Too rough a Sarkfor fuch a tender Tree. 
 
 Love s' el guarda & ride, Lcokt on andfmiVd. 
 
 The ridiculous Figure pleas'd Love as a, Mark of his own 
 Power to have tam'd him uho had tam'd Lyons. On the 
 Gate of Armida's Palace was alfo engrav'd the Battle of 
 A6Iiu?n, and efpccially ^?;r^o?;jv's Flight, as foon as he faw 
 Cleopatra was fled. 
 
 Ecco fuggir la barbara Relna : 
 
 E fugge Antonio e lafciar puo le fpeme. 
 
 Ve 
 
-04 The ARTS of 
 
 De rimperio del mondo ov' egli afpira, 
 Non fugge no, non teme il iier, non teme 5 
 Ma fegue lei che fugge, e feco il tira. 
 
 Bxquifitely fine and delicate, well render 'd by Fairfax. 
 
 Antonius then himfelfto Flight betook^ 
 I'he Emfire lo(t to ischich he -wott'd ajpire 
 OCetfled not hCy ncr Fight for Fear forfook^ 
 Silt foUo'w'd her draiim on by fend Tiefire : 
 Well might you fee "joithin hi$ t rouble i Look 
 Strive and contend^ Love^ Courage^ Shame and Ire j 
 Oft looked he backy oftgaz'd he on the Fight y 
 Silt oftner en his Mijtrefs and her Flight. 
 ThisVerfion is as old as Spencer ^ much older t\i3in'Drayton> 
 and yet the Language and the Numbers may very well pafs 
 iox; modern. Tere Boiihours is highly delighted with the 
 
 Kon fugge no, ma fegue lei che fugge ! 
 He did not fly ^ btitfollo'w'd her ijcho fed. 
 Mr. ^rior on the fame Subje61', 
 
 Antonius /ei from A61ium'i Coaf^ 
 Augudus} re fii72g. Alia lof : 
 His Sails by Cupid'5 Hands ii^ifurVd 
 yb keep the Fair he gave the World. 
 
 Here is no Delicacy, His Sails by Cupid'; Hands mftirVd^ 
 tho' metaphorically the fame as "jTaJfo's^ yet it is open and 
 has nothing of the Myflerious. . 
 
 'Tafjo's Thought, according to Father 2'o///^cJf/;'s, is not on- 
 ly delicate to ihe Alind hut to the Heart ^ and here he ob- 
 ferves, that he has an Opportunity to play the Heart and 
 the Mind againft one another, as others had done before 
 h'mj but he rather chufes to remark, that fome Thoughts 
 may have 'Delicf.cy as they touch the Pafljons, as others are 
 as they ftrike the Underilanding, l^Efprit &(. le Caiir, the 
 Heart and the Mind, the Heart and the Undcrftandirg^ 
 which you will, though neither ot them pleafes me, and per- 
 haps they cannot be exprefs'd inEngliJb^ but by Circum- 
 locution. 
 
 In thefe Sentiments he informs us, Ovid is excellent, and 
 fomort certainly he is to thofe thatunderftand him. I do not 
 mean Grammatically, as Rymer or JcJhua'Brrncs did, but 
 fenfibly, SiS, Ctarle: Hopkins or 'Mr.Walp, And this Way 
 of underflanding an Author, is what is ver)' htile known or 
 
 con- 
 
L o G I c K and PvH e t o k r c k. zoy 
 
 confiHer'd, efpecially by Academicians, who place the Intel~ 
 ligence of a- Poet or Orator in conftruing and parfing him» 
 and have generally no other Way of underftanding this. 
 Ovid in his Epiftles makes 1)ido fay to JEneas^ 
 
 Exerces pretiofa Odia & conftantia magno. 
 Si dum me fugias, eft tibi vile mori. 
 
 Tour Hatred cop you viiiich^ if ■■when you fly ^ 
 "1^0 you it feems fo flight a "thwg to dye. 
 
 What ^aris writes to Helen on the three Goddefle% of 
 whofe Beauty he was made Judge, is extreamly delicate 
 in Sentiment. 
 
 Vincere erantomnes dignse, judexque verebar 
 Non omnes caufam vincere pofle fuam. 
 
 All three deferv^d to gam the Caiife 5 to 7ne 
 'Thvas grievotis not to give it to all three. 
 
 CattllkiSis not inferior to Ovid in delicate Sentiments; as 
 when he fpeaks of the Death of a Brother, whom he ten- 
 derly lov'd, 
 
 Nunquam ego te vita frater amabilior 
 Afpiciam pofthac 5 at cert^ femper amabo. 
 
 2)?ar Srother, I pall never fee thee more^ 
 Tiearer than Life itfelf thou --jceft to me: 
 For ever I have loji, but pall for ever love thee. 
 
 This Thought is very tender, but it lies a little too open, 
 and is too well polifh'd to beconfiftent with the Delicacy in 
 Sentiments of which we are fpeaking. What Racifts 
 makes 'ititus fay of Serenice, is more delicate. 
 
 Depuis cinq ans entiers chaque jour je la vois, 
 Et croy toujours la voir pour la premiere fois. 
 
 Five Tears together^ every iDay Ifaw her, 
 jind every Time I fa-w her feem'd the firft. 
 
 Cattllhish Thought on the Injury done by a Perfon one 
 loves, in giving Occafion of Jeaioufy by ill Conduit, is 
 ilill more fine. 
 
 Injuria talis 
 
 Cogit amare magis, fed bent; velle minus, 
 
 ■ iittch Injtiry corafelh 
 
 To love her more^ and -wip her kfs. 
 
 It 
 
zc6 The ARTS of 
 
 It encrcafes Paflion, and leflens good Will. The myfleri- 
 ous Part of this Thought is the delicate; and CatuUiii'i.^ Sen- 
 timent on the Death ot his Brother, lofes lis Delicacy for 
 Want of Myftery. 
 
 The Sentiments which Comeille gives Sah'wa^ Sifter to 
 the Ctmatii, ai.dWite ot one of the Horatii^ are very deli- 
 catCj tho'not fo myfterious. 
 
 Albe oii j'ay commence de refpirerle jour, 
 Albe, mon cher pais, & mon premier amour, 
 Lorfqu' entre nous & toy je voiS U guerre ouvertCj 
 Je crains noltre Viftoire aurantquc noftre Perte: 
 Rome, fi tu le plains que c'elt la te trahir, 
 Fais-toy des ennemis que je puifle hair. 
 
 Alba, "JC'herefirfi I treat I'd the vital A'lr^ 
 Oh Alba, my dear Country^ myflrjl Zove^ 
 fV/^en tet-zveen us and thee the War commenced 
 Jfeafd our ViEf cries as imich as LojJ'es. 
 (Dofl thou complcn72 that I betray thee^ Rome ? 
 Make Enemies that I may hate, 
 
 Tere ^cnhcv.rs tells us, the two laft Verfes were happiljr 
 apply'd to a Roman Catholick, who had turn'd Proteltant 
 to marry a Calvinift j and that the whole Myftery of Deli- 
 cacy is contain'd in what a French Dramatick Poet makes a 
 Confident of the Sultana fay upon her having vow'd the 
 Death of Sajazet, and yet being defirous to lee him, that 
 flie might upraid him. 
 
 Je connois peu I'amour, mais je puis vous repondre, 
 Qu'il n'eft pas condam»t puis qu'on veut le confondrea 
 J kno--j} mt much of Love ^ but this I know 
 Ton loa'nt condemn' d^ if you dejire to hear him. 
 
 ^rmida in Tajfoh Giertfalemme being abandon 'd by Ki' 
 naldo^ follows him to Wars, engages on the oppofite Side, 
 meets him in the Battle, and lets fly an Arrow at her falfe 
 Lover 5 but a Remain of Love makes her wifh that the 
 Arrow might not reach him. 
 
 Lo ftral V0I6 : ma con lo flrale un voto 
 Subito ufci, che vada il colpo a vuoto. 
 
 '^iit Wrath frevaiVd^ at lafl the Reed omfienv 
 For Love finds Mean^ but Hatred kno'-xs no MeafurSc 
 Outfleiv the Shafts but -jfith the Shaft this Charm^ 
 7'his Wipjhefent. Heav'ns grant it do no Ham— 
 
 Sh6 
 
ho ci cK and Kheto KICK. 207 
 
 She bids the Reed return the Way it ^vcent^ 
 
 And fierce the Heart '-xhichjb unkind could f rove. 
 
 Arniida'^ wiHi very well marks the CharafJer of a Perfon, 
 full of Refentment, CholJerand Rage, which yet are not 
 all of them enough quite toextinguifh Love. 'I'he faying 
 of ^liiiy to '\L'ra]an has a Myflery, which renders it as deli- 
 cate as it is mylkrious. Tihi falls tua mvifa ejt, fi ncn fit 
 cum Keipiibliccc falute con^tinaa. Nihil fro te ] ateris c^ta- 
 riy niji exfediat cftantibiis. Tour Life is hateful to you ^ if 
 it is not join\i "joith the Safety of the Common-'vcealth. Nei- 
 ther do ycu fiffer any erne to ivip you any 'Thirig^ tinkfs it 
 is for the Gocd, of thcfe that iiip it. Is not this of Ca- 
 tullus as tender as it is delicate ? 'Tis fpoken of a Perfon 
 whom he dearly lov'd. 
 
 In foils tu mihi turba locis. Lib. 12. 
 
 In defert places you're to?}iej 
 Alone a mighty Company. 
 
 What Martial fays to a Roraan Lady, with whom he 
 was in the Country, feems to have more Life in it. 
 
 Romam tu mihi fola facis. Lib. 12. 
 
 ^hou art alone all Rome to me. 
 
 Corneilley who was a perfect Mafter of the moft deli- 
 cate Paffions, and is faid to have made the Remans fpcak 
 like Romans^ makes the Widow of 1>ompey fay, upon 
 C<efar*s weeping at the Sight of his bloody Head, and la- 
 menting the Murder of fo great a Man j 
 
 O Soupirs, 6 Refpeft, 6 qu'il eft douxdeplaindrc 
 Lefort d'un Ennemi, quand il n'eft plusacraindre! 
 
 Rare Tears atid rare Refpe^i^ ho-wfiveet to grieve 
 For a Foe's T)eath, 'whora "cce no longer fear'. 
 
 C^far's lamenting is not fo fincere as that of a Dove, io- 
 troduc'd in a little Dialogue in Verfc, between a PalTen- 
 gcr and the Bird. 
 PalTenger. Quefais-tu dans ce bois, plaintive tourterelle? 
 
 PFhat doji thou do here in this Wcod^fjceet 2)ove' 
 
 Dove. Je gerais, j'ay perdu ma compagne fidelle. 
 
 Imotirn. for I have M my faithful Mate* 
 
 Pair. 
 
2o8 The ARTS of 
 
 Paff Ke crains-tu point que I'Oifeleur 
 
 Ke te fafTe mourir comme elle ? 
 
 ^rt thott not afraid the Fo--wkr 
 Will kill thee ^ aspe has been kill\i1 
 
 Dove. Si ce ne'ft luyj ee fera ma douleur. 
 
 Grief iiciU^ if he does net. 
 
 Nothing can be more moving, more natural, more deli- 
 cate. Liicaii has fomething like it, in what Cornelia^ the 
 Widow of ^omj^ey^ before- mention'd fays 5 
 
 Tiirpe mori poft te folo non pofle dolore. 
 
 "'T'Kere floame fill of Grief only net to die ^ 
 i^o'w thou art dead^ iny Husband. 
 
 Sifgamhis^ Mother o( 2)aritiSj dy'd of Grief as foon as 
 fhe heard of the Death 0^ Alexander, who had treated 
 her not only very refpeftfully but very tenderly. She 
 threw her felf upon the Ground, burft out into a Torrent 
 of Tears, refus'd to fee the Light or receive Nourifliment^ 
 refolving not to outrlive the Death of that generous Con- 
 queror : Upon which ^lirJtus Curtixts has a very delicate 
 Thought, as delicately expreffc : Cum fuftijiuijfet fcft Da- 
 rium vivere 5 Alexandre ejje fn^erfles erubuit : Having had 
 the Courage to live aSiexiOarius was dead, fix wasafliam'd 
 to out-live Alexander. 
 
 Of Natural Thoughts. 
 
 J^atural 'T^Houghtsmayfurprife, elevate, or touch, by 
 I'hcughtS. JL Delicacy, Sublimity, or Agreeablenefs, and 
 yet be vicious, becaufe they are not natural : 
 as thofe of CraJJiis were, which we have fpoken of before, 
 and which 'Pere'Botthours made the Model of right thinking. 
 Se77tentideCx2LS\tamijitegr<e,tam'DercejamnoViejarafin\jfig- 
 wentisfiicoqnepisrili ^Cicero. T[\o\:ight$^ as has been already 
 hinted, are in Danger of becoming flat and infipid by fol- 
 lowing Nature too clofely : They thus lofe the Property 
 which renders them lively and poignant. In Thinking as 
 well as exprefling, whatever is poor and dry is diftafteful 5 
 and if what is natural in a Thought is mean and Ian- 
 
L O G I G K 'dlld R H E X.O R I C K. 20^ 
 
 guifhing, or duJJ and common, it will have no Charms. 
 This is to be avoided, and a Thing may be ordinary with- 
 tout being iniipid^ as in Sauce, which may be good, and 
 not be made up ot Pepper and Salt 3 and a Mefs of Water- 
 gruel may pleafe fome Perfons as well as Soop, if their 
 Palates are not vitiated. 
 
 By Natural^ Father Jiouhours means fomething that is 
 notfar fetch 'd, fomething which the Subject it felfprefents, 
 and, as has been more than once fkid, which is bom of 
 it 5 a beautiful Simplicity, without Paint and Artifice, as 
 ^etronn/s teaches us: Gra'.^dis^ ^ tmtadicaia, fiidicaOra- 
 tio own efi macii/ofa, nee tttrgida ; fed 92arura/i_pu/cbritud/ne 
 exiirgit. A great, and if I may io fay, a modefl Eloquence, 
 is not fpotted and puffy\ but adorn 'd with natural Beau- 
 ty, ^nntilian alfo, Optima mmirae accerfita^ ^ fimpii^ibus 
 atque ah ipfaveritate profe^is fimilia^ Lib. 8. A natural 
 Thought is fuch as every one might have hit upon, fuch 
 as feems to be in the Head before it was read, eafy to be 
 found out, and puts one to no Expence when we meet 
 with it. It in fome manner proceeds lefs from the Mind 
 of him who thinks, than from the Thing that's fpoken oft 
 l^Ml videamr fiBiim^mihil foUiamm : Omnia pot ihs a catifa 
 qnam ah Oratore profeEla credajittir, Quintil. Lib. 4. By 
 Natural here is not underiiobd Naif^ which is the molt 
 agreeable of all the Manners of Thinking, and the moft 
 fior'd with Charms. Every Thought that's Naif is natu- 
 ral, but every natural Thought is not Naif. If Naivety is 
 taken in its right Signification 5 the Grand, the Sublime 
 is not, and cannot be Naif; for Naivety has ever in it 
 fomething that's little or not very great. Simplicity and 
 Grandure are by no means incompatible, as is remark 'd 
 clfewhere, but there's a Difference between a certain noble 
 Simplicity and a pure Naivety of Thought : The for- 
 mer excludes Pomp only, the latter excludes even 
 Greatnefs. 
 
 A Natural Thought, in fome wife, reprefents a Stream 
 of Water that runs into a Garden without Pipes, or being 
 forc'd in ; or a young Girl that has a fair Complexion, 
 without the White or the Red. The Authors of the Au- 
 giiftan Age, efpecially Cicero^ Virgil^ and Ovid^ are full of 
 Thoughts of this Kind. 
 
 C/cero'sThought on the Co/o^/i's of C(?rei and Triptolemtis, 
 which Verres could not cary off, on account of their Weight, 
 notwithftanding the flrong Defire he had to it, offers 
 
 P ifc 
 
iio The AKT S of 
 
 it felf : His pdchritiido periculo, amplmdo fa/mi. 
 Their Seanry brought them into ^ar.ger j their Great^ 
 nej'i delivered them out of it. But what he fays on 
 the Death of Crnjjiis is flill more natural. He obferves 
 at firft, that Crajjius died before the Troubles that befell 
 the Common-wealth J that he neither faw the Ilames of 
 the War in Italy^ nor the Banifliment of his Son-in-law, 
 nor the AffliiStion of his Daughter, nor, in fine, the mife- 
 rable Condition of Rome, difpoil'd and disfigur'd by a 
 long Series of Misfortunes, and then adds ; H: toymen Rem^ 
 ftiblicara cafus cojifecuti funt ^ iit miki non ereptaL. CraJJ'o -^j 
 diis immortalibm vita, fed doiiata mors efje videatur. It. 
 feems as if the Gods had not taken away the Life of 
 Craffiis, but had made him a Prefent of Death. The 
 Thought is drawn from the Subject it felf j there's nothing 
 foreign in it, neither is there any thing flat and infipid ; 
 Bf emra vitiofum in Sententia^ fiquid aiit fubinfiUfum efi 
 Cicer. de Opt. Gen. Orat. 
 
 On doit rcgretter fa mort, 
 Mais fans accufer le fort, 
 De cruautc ni d'envie: 
 Le fiecle e(l fi vicieux, 
 PaCfant, q'une courte vie 
 Eft un faveur des cieux. 
 
 His jDeafb ive juftly may regret ^ 
 And ivithoiit thinking hard of Fate^ 
 Or laying Envy to its Charge, 
 Or Cruelty ^ fo vicious n the J^e, 
 "That, 'PaJJenger, a Life jb port y 
 Is a Favour of the Skies. 
 
 The fame Poet has another Thought on a Father in 
 Affli(^ion for the Death of his Daughter. The Father 
 addrefles himfelf to Heaven thus : 
 
 Hate ma Fin que ta rigueur differe, 
 Je hay le Monde 8i. n'y pretens plus rien : 
 Sur mon tombeau ma filh devroit faire 
 Ce que je fais maintenant fur le lien. 
 
 Haftejz the 7)eath thy Rigour has deferred ^ 
 I hate the World^ and nothing iii't regard : 
 My 2)aughter poTi*d upon my 'Tomb have donCy 
 What at this Time Vm doing on her oixn. 
 
 The 
 
LoGicK and Rhetoric k. an 
 
 The Sentiments of Eva7ider^ Father of 'Pallas^ in Vir- 
 gil's JEneh^ are very natural. Turniis kill'd that gallant 
 Youth in the Heat of the Battel, with his own Hand. The 
 Father fays, the Beginnings of his youthful Valour were fa- 
 tal, that the Gods were deaf to the Prayers of a wretched 
 Father who furviv'd his Son, and was left alone after him, 
 contrary to the Order of Nature. That his Wife was happy 
 in dying before him, and not being referv'd for fo great 
 Affli<^ion: In fine, that it had been more juft \{ EvanderhaLA. 
 been kill'd inflead of 'Pallas^ and the Father's Body had 
 lain there inflead of the Son's. 
 
 Primitive juvenis Mifers, beJlique propinqui 
 Dura rudimenta 5 & nuiii exaudita Deorum 
 Vota precefque meas , tuque, 6 fandliffima Conjux, 
 Felix morte tua, neque in hunc fervata dolorem, ^c. 
 
 Oh mrfi Ejpiy of Arms ^ difajlrous T>oom^ 
 ^reliide of bloody Fields and Fights to come I 
 Hard Elements of inatifpiciotis War^ 
 Vain Vb-ws to Heav'n and unavailing Care ! 
 1'hrice ha^fy thoii^ dear 'F'artner of my Sed^ 
 Whofe holy Soul the Stroke of Fortune fled : 
 ^reefcious of Ills^ and leaving me behind^ 
 To drink the 2)reggs of Life, by Fate ajjign*d : 
 *Beycnd the Goal oj Nature, I have gone. 
 My Tallas kte fet out, but reached toofocfi. 
 
 As there is no-body who takes more Pleafure in 
 ^ryden's Numbers and Fancy than my felf, no-body 
 who has a better Opinion of his Maftery in the Ejiglijh 
 Language 5 fo I hope I fliall not be accufed of Prejudice 
 or Envy when I ofter any thing againft his Judgment, 
 which was unfettl'd, or againft the Truth of his Tranf- 
 lations. There's hardly a Sentiment of Virgil but what is 
 flatten'd in this Paflage, as appears by the Original, and 
 Segrais's Verfion, which 'iDryden had before him, and I 
 perceive us'd it by the firft Verfe. 
 
 Funefte coup d' Eflai d' un Prince valoureux. 
 
 Oh mrfi Effay of Arms. 
 
 O ma priere en vain aux Dieux Sourds addreff^e I 
 O mere, au moins heureufe en ta mort avancee 
 Davoir foutrait tes jours a mes vives douleurs, 
 
 P a PouP 
 
Ill The ARTS of 
 
 Pour furvivre au contraire a de fi grands Malheurs, 
 I'ay force Its DelHns. 
 
 j^h ciirji EJJay of a young Prince's Valour, 
 ^ec.f to my Trayer irere alltbeGcds, ah Mother'. 
 JiP-pfy art thou^ to have been freed, by Tieath 
 I'rom ray tormentwg Griefs y '■To live in Woe, 
 Vve flit a Force iij-on the 'jDefiiniei. 
 
 Tere ^otihours does not think the Sentiments of^ihiti" 
 Tian, on the Death of his Wife and Children fo naturals 
 ^!is en'nn mihi boiim parens ignofcat, fi fudere ampliti^ 
 fofjuniy ac non oderit annni 7neiprmitatemy fi qiiis in me eji 
 alms 2ifiis vccis qiiara ut incufem Tieoiy fuperftes Oranimn 
 meormn ? millara terras defpicere frovidentiara refer ? Lib. 
 6. Procem. " Who that knows what it is to be a Father 
 " wou'd forgive me if I cou'd 'now apply my felf to Stu- 
 *' dy ? How can fatherly Affe^lion fuller me to have my 
 *' Mind and my Head free enough and flrong enough 
 " for that Purpofe ; or that 1 fliould make ufe of my 
 " Voice for any thing but to accufe the Gods, who have 
 *' taken from me all that was dear to me, and made me 
 " an Example, that there is no fuch Thing as Providence 
 " which governs the World ! " He then fwears by his 
 Misfortunes, by hisConfcience, by ths Alanes o^ his eldeft 
 Son, whom he calls the Deities of his Grief, that the pro- 
 digious Talents and extraordinary Virtues of that Child 
 made him apprehenfive that he fliould lofe him, by reafon 
 that 'tis almolt always ^bferv'd, what ripens too fait is foon 
 rotten, and that there is a certain, I know not what, jea- 
 lous Delliny, which difappoints fo great Hopes, for fear 
 the Profperity of Mankind fhould be carry'd farther 
 than is confident with a Human State. There may be 
 Scnfe in all this, but there is not much Nature : See in 
 the Original, juro per mala mea^ per infelicera confcien- 
 tiam, per ilks manes niiraina doloris mci, has rae zw ilh 
 indiffe Virttites ingenii ; nt prorfus fojft hinc ejfe tanti 
 fulminis metiis. ^iiod cbfervatiim jcr^ eft, celeriis ocadere 
 fcftinatam maturitatem, ^ effe nefcio quam qii(£ fpes tantas- 
 decerpit invidiam^ ne videlicet ultra qmr/i horaini datum 
 eft mftris revehanttir. Ibid. Father ^ouhctirs takes notice 
 that ^(intilia^i falls out with the Gods, and is hurry 'd on 
 by his Grief to disbelieve a Providence, whereas Evanier 
 blames only the too raOi Valour of his Son, and complains 
 that the Gods had not heard his Prayers. 
 
 I 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetorick. 113 
 
 I am apt to believe there is too much Refle<Sli on in the 
 Sentiments of ^I'lnt'il'ian^ to render them fo natural as 
 they fliould have been 3 and this Fault is infeparable from 
 even the beft of our Tragedies. The Obfcrvation that 
 the moft hopeful and molt lovely Children feldom reach 
 to Years of Maturity, is the moft natural Stroke in all 
 this Paflage. We meet with it every Day, both in high 
 Life and low, among the Literate and Illiterate, the Wife 
 and the Weak. The Truth is, thofe good Qualities 
 which are the Foundation of the Parents Hopes, are apt 
 to keep fuch Children more in their Eye and their Heart, 
 and they mifs them fooner and more than they do 
 others. 
 
 Hacine^ in his Jphigenia^ makes Agamemnon as angry 
 with the Gods as ^lintilian was. The Trouble he was 
 in at the Oracles condemning him to facrifice his Daugh- 
 ter, occailons his faying to her, 
 
 Montrez, en expirant, de qui vous eft nee : 
 Paites rougir ces Dieux qui vous ont condair;nee. 
 
 In Dyings pe-zv you're ivorthy of your 'Birth 5 
 And make the Gods that have condemned yoii., bliijb. 
 
 ^ere Sonhotrrs^ Excufe for Racine does not feem fuffi- 
 cient. Agamejnnon might be allow'd to fay, on the Stage> 
 what did not become ^lintilian to write in his Clofet. 
 There's Impiety, and perhaps Weaknefs in the Thought. 
 The Gods, according to the Pagan Theology, were inca- 
 pable of doing what they muft bluOi for, when they a£t- 
 ed as Gods by their Oracles. This Thought has more of 
 Zee in it than of the Author i^^f//;? himfelf, who is ge- 
 nerally iudicious and difcreet. Dry dm has quarrell'd with 
 the Go(^s almoft as much as Lee^ and his M^ixim'ins and 
 Alrnanzors kick them about the Stage, as Wildalr wou'd 
 tDicky. Nay, his 2)on Sebajlian^ which he wrote after 
 the Duke o^ Buckingham had, in the Rehearfal^ diverted 
 the Town above Twenty Years, with his Rants and Si- 
 miles, calls the Gods to Account tor uling him otherwife 
 than he would have been ufed. 
 
 2~e cruel Toivers ! 
 ^ake me as you have made me 7mCerahle 1 
 Ton caniiot make fne Guilty .' 'T-ivas my Fate^ 
 And you made th^t, not I. 
 
 P 3 0/:i'd[)', 
 
ai4 27;^ A R T S ^/ 
 
 Otwayy though a great Mafter of the natural Way of 
 Thinking, cannot help having a Fling at Heaven. 
 
 ^ell me wby, good Heavetiy 
 I'hou rnad'Jl me ischat I am^ iioith all the Spirit ^ 
 Jfpiring Thoughts^ ami elegant Defires, 
 'That Jill the happiefi Jllan ? j^h rather why 
 tJDidJl thou not form me fordid as my Fate^ 
 Siijc minded y diill^ and fit to carry Surdem^. 
 W/-y have I Senfe to know the Curfe thafs ontm'i 
 Is this jufi ^eali72g >. Nature ? 
 
 Impious, and confequently unnatural ; nothing being 
 more in Nature than the moft fublime Idea's of thejuftice, 
 Wifdom, and Power of God, nor than Reverence and Awe, 
 when we think or fpeak of Him. MiltO}is Decorum, in 
 this Refpeft, is wonderful. 7)ryden^s Indecencies are alfo 
 as wonderful on the other hand. In his Poem entituled 
 Eleoncra^ he fpeaks of the Omnipotent with a Familiari- 
 ty which would hardly be decent to a fmall Mayor of a 
 Corporation. 
 
 Heaven kne'w he fafely might encreafe his 'Poor^ 
 And triifi their Sujlenance to herfo ivell^ 
 As not to he at Charge of Miracle. 
 
 And in his Poem on the Death of King Charles II. 
 
 It coft Om^iipotence a fecond Thought. 
 
 In which there is jufl: fo much Truth and Modcfty, as in 
 his Saying of that King, 
 
 The 'Prince who lived to God's own Heart. 
 
 Further, on the Death of the Lord Offory^ he fays» 
 
 Snatch d in Manhoods Trime^ 
 
 S* imequal Fates, and Providence's Crime. 
 
 He does not fay as ^lintilian^ that there's no Providence 
 or God at all, but 'tis a wicked Providence, and a crimi- 
 nal God; nay, he pofitively denies the Almighty's Power, 
 to libel the Petitioners to the King for the Sitting of 
 the Parliament. 
 
 God cannot grant fo mtich as they can crave. 
 Abf. and Ach. 
 
 But 
 
LoGicK and Rhetorick. 215' 
 
 But his Divinity was as good as his Prophecy, when he 
 fpeaks thus of King James II. 
 
 I^ee 
 
 ^he long Retinne of a frofpWoiiS Reigi?^ 
 A Series offiiccefsful Tears. 
 
 Comeilk was very exaifl in obferving Decorum, when 
 he fpoke of the Gods j as in Rodogiine^ where the two 
 Brothers Antiochus and Seleuciis complain of that Prince's 
 Cruelty. 
 
 Seleucus. Que le Ciel eft injufte ! une ame fi cruelle, 
 
 Meritoit noflre mere, & devoir naiflre d'Elle. 
 Antioch. Plaignons nous fans blafpheme. 
 
 Seleucus. Oh I honso tinjnjl is Heaven^ a Soul fo cruel 
 
 Is like our Mother's, pe poiild have been her 
 1)atighter, 
 Antioch. Let us complain , hut let us not blafpheme. 
 
 Here I cannot but take Notice of a Couplet of Thryden^ 
 in the before-mention'd Poem on King Charles the Second's 
 Death, 
 
 Heroes in Heav'ns peculiar Mold are cajl : 
 'They and their Toets are not formed in Hafte. 
 
 becaufe it feems to be borrow'd from Taylor the Water 
 Poet, who row'd a Wherry on the Thames in Sen John- 
 fen's Time, and whofe Works are in Print. 
 
 Whe7i Heaven intejids to dofome mighty Things 
 He makes a 'Poet^ or at leaf, a King. 
 
 I leave it to the Reader to judge which is the beft 
 Line, 
 
 He makes a Toet^ or at leaf a King, 
 
 as the Waterman expreft it 5 or as the Zatireat, 
 
 They and their Toets are not made in Hafie. 
 
 In T)on Sebafian, T>ryden owns that the King did not 
 make Fate, but Almajizor in his Grenada, does make 
 it, 
 
 I point ym the iiohite Moment of your Fate. 
 
 - P 4 Clitemnefra^ 
 
xi6 r/;^ ARTS of 
 
 Clitemnejlrn^ in the above-rnention'd Jphigenia^ tells 
 Achilles, that he is fomething more than the Gods, with 
 Regard to her Daughter, whom he's bound in Honour to 
 deliver from the Death to which the Gods had condemned 
 her. 
 
 Ira t'elle des Dieux implorant la juftice, 
 Embrafler Leurs Autels parez pour fon funplice ? 
 Ellc n'a que vous feul : vous eites en ces Lieux 
 Son Pere, Son epoux, fon Afyle, fes Dieux^. 
 
 Shall fie tlo' Affiflance of the God's implore^ 
 JEmhracc their Altars for her iDeath adorn d, ? 
 Toil are her only Succour: Jn this Tlace\ ■'■" 
 Her Father^ Spoife^ her Refvge, and her Gods. 
 
 Father Boi/hotirs is of Opinion that this Saying of Aga- 
 menmo72^ in the fame Tragedy, is Nature itfelf. 
 
 Helas, en m' impofant une loy fi fevere. 
 
 Grands Dieux me deviez vous laifler un coeurdePere? 
 
 Great Gods, ''sho doom\4 me to this cruel 'Deedy 
 ShoiCd you have left me ftili a Fathers Heart! 
 
 Sriitiis, ^who condemn'd his Rebel Sons to Death, caft 
 off all the Sentiments of a Father to perform the Funfl:ion 
 of Conful, according to l^aierins Afaxitmis, Lib. 5. c. 8. 
 ExiLit patrem iit Covfulem ageret. Livy^ who always 
 thinks naturally, fays, on the fame Subjeft, Srutus's con- 
 demning his Sons to Death 5 ^li SpeBator erat imvendus^ 
 eum ipfuni Fcrtiina exaB.crer/f)tijplicii dedit. Fortune ^0 
 crdefd ir, that he "xhofiould not have been jr/ffer^i to njjiji 
 at the tragical Sight, •■vcashir/nfelftheAithcrofit. . Florus, 
 who docs not think, fo juftly s^s J^ivy, imitates him in this 
 PafTage : Liberos fecini percufjit, nt plan: piibliciis parens 
 in locum Liber ormn ad'.ptafj'e fibi popvlum videretur. ■" By 
 " cutting his Sons Heads off he feem'd to adopt the Peo- 
 " pie of Rome, and to become Father of his Country. " 
 What P''ciii'.re wr'v.cs to the Dutchefs o{ Longueville on the 
 Death of her Father is as natural : " It was but juft that 
 •' fo heavenly a Perfon as her felf /hould fubmit to the 
 *' Will of God, from whom having receiv'd all, llie 
 ** fl\ou'd with Patience fuffer him to take fomething 
 " from her." This is not only natural but well turn'd, 
 and very juft. The two following Thoughts out oi Virgil 
 and Ovid are. extreamly natural. i^Vrg/Vfpeaks of two Bro- 
 thers, who were very like one another. 
 
 ^ Simii- 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. xij 
 
 — Simillima proles 
 
 Indifcrcta, fuis gratufque parentibus Error. 
 
 So "ji'oudrotis like in Feature^ Shape^ and Size^ 
 Js caiivd an Error in their parent's £yes : 
 Grateful Mtjlake '. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 O:;/^ defcribing the glorious Palace of the Sun, fays, 
 
 Fades non omnibus una. 
 
 Nee diverfa tamen, qualem decet efle fororum. 
 
 Among them all, no two appear the famCy 
 Nor differ more than Sijlers w^// became. 
 
 A Thought qS. Lopez, de Vega upon Rcfemblance is fine 
 and happy j he fays, Nature, who delights in Painting, 
 does not always invent 3 that file's fometimes weary, and 
 fatisfies her felf with copying. The Subjeft he's upon is 
 a Spanip Princefs, who attended j^lpioi2foK.'mg oiCaflile^ 
 in his Expedition to Jervfalem^ in a Man's Habit, paffing 
 for the Brother of her whom fiie herfelf was. 
 
 Yva mirando el Rey el roflro hermor©, 
 Tan fcmejante a Ifmenia 5 que a fu cuenta 
 El pincel natural maravillofo, 
 Canfado alguna vez copia y no inventa. 
 
 All Thoughts of which Nature is the Subjeit, cannot 
 fail of being natural, let them be everfo ingenious ; Such 
 is that of Giiarim, Author of Taficr Fido. 
 
 Vergogna che'n altrui fiampi natura 
 Non (i puo rinegare, che fe tu tenti, 
 Di cacearla dal cor, fugge nel volto. 
 
 We cant -ixith Shame, the Trint of Nature part^ 
 '^will in the Face appear, if not the Heart. 
 
 In thofe Thoughts which have a Conformity to natural 
 Inclinations, Nature will always be mo(t vifible : Thus 
 as the 1,0 ve of Life is very natural, fo is what Achilles 
 fays to Ulyjfes in Hell. 
 
 / had rather be a Villager, a Slave, 
 
 lo feme poor Man irho laboufdfor his 'Bread ^ 
 
 Than to reign here file Monarch of the 2)ead, 
 
 ^ In 
 
2i8 7he ARTS of 
 
 In thisAnfwer o£ AcJfilks is underiiood what (O.iyf.ii.) 
 Ulyjjes had fiid before of his own Misfortunes and 
 ^c/:?;<;ei's 11 -I ppinefs, who in his Life-time had been ho- 
 nour'd as a Man equal to the Gods, and was now re- 
 fpedk-d by the Dead, as their King and their Mafter. 
 Charts \ii. King of France^ was not oi j^cbi ilea's Mind, 
 when he faid, He had rather die a King than live a Pri- 
 foner. Solomou, a much wifer Man than either Achilki 
 or Uiyjjes himfelf, was not of the French King's Opinion 5 
 a Irj.ng 2)og is better than a dead Lion^ as is faid in 
 JEcatj'iaJles. The Jefuit we are learning of, imputes the 
 Saying of CharkslX. to his Ambition, which hadfpoil'd 
 his Judgment but I impute it to his Arrogance and JLuft 
 of 1 ower. A Man who cou'd be guilty of fo bafe and 
 barbarous an Aft as the 'Paris Maflacre, who could fee 
 his Subje(fts murder'd beiore his Eyes 5 nay, thofe very 
 Subjeds whom he had invited thither, as to a Marriage 
 Fealt y He who could break through the Laws of God 
 and Man ; through Hofpitality, Honour, Juitice, and de- 
 light himfelf with gazing on the ilaughter'd Innocents in 
 the Agonies of Death, fuch a Man not worthy of the 
 Kame of King, was incapable of that hcroick Ambition, 
 for which Death has no 1 errors. Another French Writer 
 has a Thought on the fame Subjeft, much more agreea- 
 ble to Nature ; " There's no King who when he is dy- 
 *' ing would not be the meaneft of his Subjects, and 
 *• no Slave fo miferable as to be willing to change Con- 
 " ditions with a Monarch, who had but a Minute or two 
 *' to live. " 
 
 What Martial fays of thofe that idolize the Antients is 
 very much in Nature. 
 
 Miraris veteres Vacerra folos : 
 Kec laudas nifi mortuos Poetas. 
 Ignofcas, petimus, Vacerra : tanti 
 Non eft ut placeam tibi, perire. 
 
 None but the j^ntients you admire , 
 'None but dead 'Poets Praife ; 
 J d9 not thijik, 'tis 'Worth the ivhile 
 To dye f^r your Jl_pplaii[e . 
 
 M^iftial has many Thoughts upon Life.fas natural as that: 
 
 Si poft Fata venit gloria, non propero. 
 
 - Till 
 
LoGicK and 'Rhet OKicK, ii^ 
 
 7/7/ after 7)cath, if Glory do's not co?ne^ 
 Til not make hafte to get it. 
 
 Jam vicina jubent nos vivere Maufolea: 
 Cum doceant ipfos pofle perire Deos. 
 
 Sehold the mighty Momtments^ 
 
 Rais'd near the City they are Lejfom 
 
 Which pe-w us haiv to live^ bype-wif7g 
 
 I'he Gods themfelves are not from Death exempted. 
 
 By the Gods, he means the Emperors, who were ufually 
 deify'd, and has particularly Allufion to AugiiftuC% Tomb. 
 
 Martial again. 
 
 Non eft, cre^e mihi, fapientis dicere, vivam. 
 Sera Nimisyita eft craftina, vive hodie. 
 
 I'ni^ me^ it is not 'wife to fay ^ 
 
 Til Zi'ue ; 't-ivill be too late to Morrow, 
 
 Live ifthoti'rt wife to Day. 
 
 He refines upon his own Thought thus. 
 
 Hodie, jam vivere, Pofthume, ferum eft : 
 lUe fapit, quifquis, Pofthume, vixit hcri. 
 
 Tfl Day to live^ ev'n thafs too late I fay. 
 I'be Wifematz^ Pofthumus, liv*d Tejierday. 
 
 In my Mind, thefe Verfes of Mr. 'Prior are all together as 
 natural. 
 
 7'he hoary Foci, who many Days 
 Has f niggled with continual Sorrow^ 
 Renews his Hope and blindly lays 
 I'he defp'rate %ett upon to Morrow -^ 
 To Morrow comes ; 'tis Noon, *tis Night 5 
 7'his Day like all the former flies^ 
 Tet on he runs tofeek Delight 
 yo Morrow, till to Night he dies. 
 
 This Poem is addreft to Mr. Montagu, afterwards Earl of 
 Hallifax f and the laft Stanza of it, is equally pleafant 
 and moral. 
 
 JVe 
 
^xo The A KT S of 
 
 ffe 'weary^dpoztli lye doiscn in lieath, 
 'J'hh Cheat of Life ivou\i take no more^ 
 Jf you thought Fame but empty 'Breath, 
 I Phillis, but aprjufd Whore. 
 
 If the one had been freed from Ambition and Politick*> 
 and the other from Pleafure and Love, they might bot^ 
 ha ve fet a lefs Value on Life. 
 
 D I D not Martial take the Thought in his laft Epi- 
 gram ^wm Horace^ Odeix. render'd thus by Mx.Congreve ? 
 
 Seek not to know to Morrow-s lioom^ 
 I'hat is not ours which is to come. 
 The frefent Moment's all our Store, 
 
 Tloe next fjotild Heav'n allow, 
 Then this will be no more. ■ * 
 
 So all our Life is but one Inflant Now. 
 Look on each i)ay you've pafl, 
 
 To be a mighty Treasure won. 
 And lay each Moment out in Hajle 5 
 We're fure to live too f aft. 
 
 And cannot live too foon. 
 
 Mr. HJryien has tranflated it with lefs Paraphrafe. 
 
 To Morrow and her Works defy^ 
 
 Lay hold upon the prefeiit Hour, 
 And fnatch the '■Tleafnres paffing by 
 
 To put them out of Fortune's -Pow^r. 
 Nor Love^ nor Love's delights difdain. 
 What e'er thou get ft to 'Day is Gain. 
 
 The Marquis de Racan, who had more Genius than 
 Learning, is much admir'd by Tere jBouhours^ for his na- 
 tural Way of thinking, particularly in thefe two Stanza's of 
 an Ode he addrcft to Lconor deRabutin, Count de SuJ/y. 
 
 Que te fert ds chercher les Tempefles de Mars 
 Pour mourir tout en vie, ^c. 
 
 What boas it thee to feekfor Death 
 Amid the Tempeft of the War. 
 L.iving to riiftj on certain Fate, 
 As thou art hurry' d on by Glory ? 
 The Death which flatters thee with Fame, 
 
 Ths. 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. ixi 
 
 ^he Kecorapnce of all thy 'Toils, 
 
 Is tbe fame Deatlo labich •■xith lefs Trouble , 
 
 ^y yotir own Fire- Side you may find. 
 
 What hoots it thofe frond Walls to raife^ 
 Which pe--ju our Folly to the Skies, 
 When many a Cajik criijh'd to Earth 
 Sy its oivn Weight, have •■with themfelves, 
 'Biiry'd tJ^ Names and the 2)evices 
 Of the vain Men "jcho made them ? 
 
 It is certain, that Expreffion helps very much to render a 
 Thought the more fimple, and the more natural 5 and be- 
 fore 1 make any Ufe of Father Soiihotirs's Examples, I 
 will inttance this of Sfe?icer. 
 
 And therein fate an cld^ old Man half blind. 
 
 It is not a Piflure ; it is Nature her felf, plain and fimple 5 
 and every one that reads the Verfe, fees the old Man as 
 perfeftly as if he was by him. 'Pere Sotthours's firil Ex- 
 ample is alike juft and pretty. 'Tis written on a fine 
 young Creature, who is too much conceited of her Merit, 
 
 Vous avez beau charmer : vous aurez le Cellin 
 
 De ces fleurs, fi fraiches, fi belles 
 
 Qui ne durent qu' un matin : 
 
 Comme elles, vous plaife^ : vous paflerez comme Elles. 
 
 Ill vain yon charm : Tour Fate -zvill be 
 
 The fame -zath thefe fair Flo-jcers you fee. 
 
 They do bin for a Mcrnnig laft. 
 
 Their S-'Jieets are "jcith the Moment faf. 
 
 Tcur Seauties are like their^s alas ! 
 
 Totipleafe like Them, likeThemycii'll fafs. 
 When Eve looks on the Flowers of Eien before her Ex- 
 pulfion, her Reflection upon it is expreft in the Simplicity 
 of Nature. 
 
 Oh^ Flo'xers I 
 
 That never ''dill in other Cli?nate groiVy 
 
 My early Vifitation and my lajl 
 
 At Even, ixbich I bred tip isoith tender Ha-nd, 
 
 From the fir (I opening 'Bud, and gave you Names ; 
 
 Who vow (hall rear you to the Sun, or rank 
 
 Tour Tribes, and water from the Ambrofial Fount "f. 
 
 How bald is the Imitation of this Thought in 'Dryden^'s 
 State of Innocence ! Fare-Jneil 
 
221 The ARTS of 
 
 FnreijceU ye Fkwys, '-jchofe Suds ixhh early Care 
 J watch' d^ end to the carejnl Sim did rear^ 
 Who noix) jhali bind your Stems y or vchen you Fall^ 
 With Fotintai72S Streams your faiiitiiig Sotils recal } 
 
 The Careful Siin^ and the Fainting Souls are a Shame 
 to Alilton's happy Image and Expreffionj and 1 have often 
 wonder'd how it was poffible for Mr. liryden^ who had 
 Milton before him, to creep every where thro' his State 
 qf Ifinocence^ when Milton is always on the Wing. 
 
 Elocution, as Father "Bouhours teaches us, adds 
 fometimes to the Beauty of a Thought, by making it 
 ftill more natural. A handfbme well-made Suit of Cloaths 
 is an Ornament, even to a well fhap'd Perfon, and when 
 it fits, fhews the Shape to more Advantage. Thus there arc 
 Terms fo adapted, or rather annex 'd to Things that they 
 feem to follow the Thought as Shadow follows the Body. 
 Ut fenfibiis inherere mdeantur, atque vt Umbra Corpus 
 fequi. Quint, lib. 8. pra:m. de verbis. 
 
 Of Ajfe^iatioii in Thought and Expreffion. 
 
 AFfe6tation is a Defed quite contrary 
 to the natural Charatier of both 
 'I'hought and Expreffion. 'Tis in Eloquence 
 the worft of all Vices, as the fame ^.intilian intorms 
 us, becaufe we avoid others, and leek after this : Omnium 
 in Eloque7itia viriorum ^'ejjimnm : nam center a chm viteii' 
 tur^ hoc petitur. Efi autemtotum inElocutiojie. Ibid. He 
 adds, ep aiitem totumin Ekcutione. This Vice is wholly 
 in Elocution. But without Father 'Bouhours's Help, one 
 might have obferv'd that ^lintilian himfelf, is a little 
 out here j for certainly People may as well be affefted in 
 their Manner of thinking, as in that of fpeaking. The 
 learned Jefuit tells us, an Italian had before given ^iin- 
 tilian the Lye on this Article, ^ie(lo tiltnno c falfo per- 
 che l^ Affettatione confine anche ne'co7ketti. The iaft Part 
 of the Sentence is falfe, for that AfFe6lation is in the 
 Thought as well as the Expreffion. An antient Rhetori- 
 cian had taught him that 'Pojita autem ejl mala affe^latio 
 171 (e7ite7nia quidem, ut qui dixit : Ce7itatirus equita7zs fd 
 ipftijn^ Tiemetr. Whaler, de Elocut. The Centaur is a 
 Horfe riding himfelf, which is Affeftation with a Wit- 
 nefs. Virgil fays, that E7iceladui burnt by Jupiter's 
 
 Light- 
 
LoGicK and Rhetoric k. 113 
 
 Lmlitning, vomited Flames thco' the Openings of the 
 Mountains which the Gods had flung upon his Body, 
 Gu^.rini fays, That Giant darted fuch Flames of Rage 
 and Indignation againft Heaven, that one cou'd not tell 
 whether the Gods threw their Lightnings at him, or he 
 flung his at the Gods. 
 
 La dove fotto a la gran mole Etnea 
 Json fo fe fulminato o fulminante 
 
 Vibra il ficro Gigante. 
 Contra 1 nemico ciel fiamme difdegno. 
 "What Virgil fays, is natural ; what Guar 1721, afifefled. 'Pliny 
 the Elder is not free from Affefiation, in his Saying, 
 that humane Blood, to be reveng'd of Iron, which is its 
 mortal Enemy, and helps very much to fpill it, brings 
 Ruft with it. Aferro pijigtiis humaiius fe zikifcitiir. But 
 the Saying- of ^liny the younger, of one Liciniamis a 
 Senator, who had turn'd Rhetorician to get him a Live- 
 lihood, is natural j Seqm Ae Fortima pr(efario7nbiiS'Dindicat. 
 He reveng'd himfelf on Fortune, by the Speeches he 
 made againft her. The Vengeance which the elder ^liny 
 attributes to Man's Blood, is not in Nature. The Blood of 
 Beaftsruftslron as well as that of Men : But the Vengeance 
 which the degraded Senator took of Fortune, is extream- 
 ly natural ; All unfortunate Men, naturally railing againft 
 every Thing, that is the Occafion of their Misfortune. 
 ^liny the elder has more of Nature in his Thoughts than 
 the younger ^liny has 5 however, the latter thinks very 
 naturally fometimes 5 but in his Panegyrick, and in his 
 Epiftles, he endeavours to be always witty, and that of 
 Confequence leads him out of the Paths of Nature. In 
 that Letter, where he defcribes one of his Country Houfes, 
 after having faid that the Air of the Country', is fo good 
 that a Man can hardly dye there 5 and that by the Ap- 
 pearance offo many old People, you would think you were 
 bom an Age or two ago : He adds that his Houfe, as fe- 
 rene as the Skye is, receives thofe Winds from the j^peji- 
 nine, which have nothing in them rude or violent, but are 
 weary and broken by the Way, in coming fo far, Cumqiie 
 veneris ill)^ ptites alio te fectdo natum. Accifit ahhoc auras 
 qiiam libetfereno ^ flacido die 5 mn tamen acres ^ ii/iino- 
 dicas, fed fpatio ipfo lajfas ^ i^jfraftas. Lib. 5. Ep. 6. The 
 foft and weak Winds, mn acres fed lajfas^ is very far from 
 Simplicity. Their being grown weary by the Way, has 
 fome Refemblance with what a Frs}ich Poet faid. 
 
 II 
 
124 ^/^^ ART S of 
 
 11 fe voir prcs de Caire une plaine deferte, 
 Que d' un fable mouvant Ja Nature a converte. 
 Et qui femble un efpace applani fouslescieux 
 Pour Ic feul exercice ou des vents ou desyeux. 
 
 Near Cairo /ies a Tra^ ofdefart Land^ 
 TVljict Nature cover'd ivith a ?novi};g Sajid. 
 ^i.e boimdleji 'Plain [eems levelled to the Skies 
 Only to exercije tbefVind^ and Eyes. 
 
 There is fomething more natural in the Defcription of 
 a Countiy Houfe, " which had fo vaft a Profpeft on 
 *' the Sea Side, that the Eye cou'd find no other Limits 
 *' than its own Weaknefs, which did not fuffcr it to difcern 
 *' what it faw beyond the Bounds that Nature had prc- 
 *' {bribed it." Pere 'Bonhours then proceeds to (hew the 
 Difference between a natural Thought, and one that is noc 
 fo. 
 
 T'erence in the Eunuch introduces a young Man, who is 
 in fearch after a young Woman with whom he is very much 
 in Love, and niakes him fay : 
 
 LIbi quajram ? ubi inveftigem ? quem percenter ? quam 
 
 infiltam viam ? 
 Incertus fum : una hjec fpes eft 5 ubi, ubi eft, diu ce- 
 
 lari non poteft. 
 
 " Where fliall I feek her? Where fhall I inquire after 
 
 *' her? Where ftiall I tarry for her ? 
 ** I am very uncertain 5 but this is my Hope ftill, where- 
 " ever, wherever ftie is, flie can't be long hidden." 
 ' >.She was fo charming, fhe muft be taken Notice of No- 
 thing can be more natural, 'I'njJ'o is affected when he is up- 
 on a likeSubjeft 5 for having faid, that the modeft Sophro- 
 nia had in her Retirement Itolen herfelf away from Men's 
 Eyes, He adds. 
 
 Pur guardia efler non puo, che tutto cell 
 Bo 'n degna ch' appataa c che s'ammiri. 
 Ne tu il confenti amor 5 ma la riveli 
 D'un giovinetto a i cupidi defiri : 
 Amor, ch'er cieco, horArgoj hora ce veli 
 Di benda gli occhi, hora cegli apri e giri. 
 
 No 'Place isfo retired as to conceal 
 
 Such "Beauty -zvbich our A'ioration claims. 
 
 Cupid rjcill to our fearching Eyes reveal 
 
LoGicK and Rhet6rick. [115'] 
 
 ^he Fires in Hefs^ li'bicbfeed bisptirejl Flames, 
 He 'sfotnetimes blind^ and, [o7nctimes he can fee 
 JJke Argus 5 Oft he's "jcirb a Fillet bound: 
 His Eyes are oft en from all 'Bandage free ^ 
 And on this Side and that he turns them round. 
 
 TheAffefladon is not in thelmpofliblityof Beauty's being 
 long conceal'd : That is 'Terence's Thought j but in faying. 
 Love is fometimes blind and fometimes he can fee. That 
 he has oft a Fillet over his Eyes, and often has none that 
 he may look about him. Fairfax has loft this Thought en- 
 tirely. 
 
 ■ — Her Hoiije the Heav'n ; 
 
 Forthere from Lovers Eyes ivithdraivn alone 
 
 With FirginSeams thisfpotlefs CynthX^ifhone, 
 
 Slit 'vohat avail' d her Refoliition chaff. 
 
 Whofefoberefl Looks ivere PVhetftones to Defire ? 
 
 2s[or Love ccnfentsthat 'Beauty'' s Fielilies 'waji. 
 
 HerUfagefet Olindo'j Heart on Fire. 
 
 OfnbtilLove! a thoufandJViles thou hafi 
 
 Sy humble Suit^ by Service^ or by Hire. 
 
 The blind Cupid^ the Argus, the Bandage^ and the Gazing 
 Love are not here, and confequently (Pere Soiihours's Criti- 
 cifm is loft in Fairfax's Verfion. 
 
 The learnedjefuit told us thatthe younger^//;;^ endeavour- 
 ed to be witty upon all Things in Scafon and out of Seafon. 
 The fame may be faid of Co-ivley^ not excepting his Miflrefs^ 
 tho' AfteiSation in Lovc-Verfes is moft inexcufable : Love 
 IS the Darling-Child of Nature, and is asmuchinconfiftent 
 with Aflfeftation as Paflion is with Simile. In Love-Verfes 
 it is moft eafily avoided. For let the Heart but fpeak, and 
 at will carry Infef^ion with it. When the Head is playing 
 Tricks, the Heart of the fair One will ever be infenfiblej 
 and then a Man may as well crack Jefts to a Judge, as a 
 Lover be witty to his Miflrefs. 
 
 Go bid the Needle his dear North forfake. 
 
 To 'Which with trembling Reverence it doth bend. 
 
 Go bid the St07res a Journey up-xard make^ 
 
 Go bid tU ambitious Flame no 7nore afcend: 
 
 And "johen thefefalfe to their old Motion prove 
 
 Then -will I ceafe thce^ thee alone to Love. Cowley. 
 
 Which is moft natural ? This, or what follows out ofHiidi- 
 
 has, 
 
 * P ^oth 
 
[226] The ARTS of 
 
 ^loth he to bid me not to love 
 
 Js to forbid my 'iPiilfe to move^ 
 
 My Seard togrorx\ my Ears to prick «/, 
 
 Or^ ixhen Vm in a Fit^ to hicktif, 
 
 Mr. Waljh in forae Verfes to his Miftrefs is natural both 
 in Thought and Expreffion. 
 
 J fie CelindaV Cruelty : 
 J fie Jibe loves all Metz but me. 
 J fie her Falfihood,fie her'Pride^ 
 J fie ten thoufand Faults befide : 
 Jfiejbefiicks at nmight that's ill: 
 Tetf oh ye ^ow'rsi Hove her fiiU, 
 
 And this of Mr. Waller : 
 
 Go lovely Rofi, 
 Tell her that ivajles her Time and Me. 
 
 That noivpe kno^jcs^ 
 When I refifnbk her to thee. 
 Ho-iv fiiVeety howfairjhefiemsto be. 
 
 How the Reader will like what follows out of Cowley ^ after 
 this, I cannot telL 
 
 Indeed I miifi confefi « 
 
 When Sotilsmix 'tisaUappinefSy 
 3ut not compleat till 'Bodies too combine^ 
 jind clofily as our Minds together joyn. 
 Sut half of Heaven the Souls in Glory tafie 
 
 Till by Love in Heaven at lajt 
 
 Their Sodies too are placed. 
 
 For not to infifl on the Indecency of confounding fpiritual 
 Love with corporal, a Lady of Delicacy wou'd think fome 
 Part of the Image a little impure ; at leaft that when the 
 Poet was fo much in Love with her Body, he might have 
 let her Soul alone. I ihall add one Inftance more out of 
 Coixley^ and then leave the Reft to the Reader's own In- 
 quiry. 
 
 Thou rcbb'ft my T)ays ofSm*nefs andTielights^ 
 
 Of Sleep thou robb'fi my Nights 5 
 j^h lovely Thief what wilt tmu do ? 
 
 Whaty rob me of Heav*n too ! 
 Thou ev'fi my ^ray'rs do fi from mejlealy 
 
 And 
 
LoGicK and Rhetorick. [iiy] 
 
 And, J iioith 'wild Idolatry 
 Segin to God^ and end them all in thee. 
 
 A Miftrefs muft needs jump out of a Garret Window to 
 come at fuch a Lover. Yet what Co'vcley makes Otpid fay 
 in another Place, is natural and agreeable in Word and 
 Thought. 
 
 Jll thy Verfe is [oft er far 
 
 ^han the doixny Feathers are 
 
 Of my Wings or of my u^rronvs. 
 
 Of my Mother's 2)oves and Sj^arrvjcs. 
 
 As full of Terror as every Idea of the Day of Judgement 
 muft be even to the mott Devout, I cannot help thinking 
 that the Reader will be far from quaking, when he meets 
 with thefe Verfesof Cow/pjyon that terrible Subject. 
 
 ^henfhall thefcattefd Jtcms crouding come 
 
 Sack to their ancient Home^ 
 Some from Earth and fome from Seas^ 
 Somefrojn Seajis and fome from Trees, 
 Some defcendfrom Clouds on high, 
 Sorae from Metals up-uoardfly j 
 Andixihere th' attending Soul naked andJbivYingftands^ 
 Meet, fakite, and join their Hands 
 j^ dijpers'd Soldiers. 
 
 Here is Affedlation upon Affeftation, and all Afifeftation 
 ^s Falfehood, of which Cowley does not feem to be at all 
 fenfible5 and it is fo far from being a Vice in Thought or 
 Language with moft Readers, that it paflesoff for Beauty, 
 as the Fop pafles for a fine Gentleman with moft Women 
 that judge like Women. Collier's Effays are full of this Af- 
 feftation. The Wantonnefs of the Words alfo in Copley 
 leaves his Thought otherwife fo dreadful, without the leaft 
 Dread. 
 
 Of all the Moderns 'Bonarelli, an Italian Poet, Author 
 of a Paftoral calFd Filli di Sciro, is the moft afFefted, tho* 
 ■jiot fo philofophically as Coiaky. Amintas being troubled 
 at Celia's flying from him, always declares uponhis miffing 
 her, that he will follow her, let her be where flic will. 
 
 Conofce roUo a i fiori 
 Ove faran piu folti. 
 
 Sy the Flowers "jotUhe feen 
 Hfhefweet ^ath where pe has hesfh 
 
[2i8] The ART S of 
 
 Conofcerollo a 1' aure. 
 Ove fiiran piu dolce 
 TF/^e72 1 breath the pweeter Air^ 
 I pall kno'ivpe has been there. 
 
 ' Da quegli occhi tuoi, non so qual luce 
 
 Che 'n alrrui non fi vede 
 Troppo viva rifplende: atantolume 
 
 Islon potrai ftarnafcofa. 
 Jnyoitr Eyes isoefee a Light 
 ^s the breaking Morning bright^ 
 Light ^0 lovely and ^Q fair 
 2<io ivhere's to befeen but there. 
 Hide your 'Beauties "johere yoti ivill 
 'j'hefll themselves betray you Jtill. 
 
 May not we rank fome Verfes of Mr Jfalkr to Sacharijfd 
 along with thefe of "Bonarelli for Affeftation ? 
 
 Jler '^ re fence hasfnch more than humane Grace, 
 I'hat It can civilize the ruiefl Tlace^ 
 Jlud Beauty tooj and Order can impart 
 Where Nature ne'er intended it, nor Art. 
 *J'he 'Plants acknoivkdge this, a^id her admire 
 No Icfs than thofe qf old did OrpheusV Lyre ; 
 Jfjhejit down, with 'Tops all towards her bo-jc'd, 
 ^fhey round about her into Arbors crowd. 
 Or jfpe walks, in even Ranks they ftand 
 Like feme well marpal\d and obfequious Sa7zd. 
 Amphionjo. 
 
 But no Poets fall into this Vice of Thinking more than the 
 Italians ^ they are always flourilhing, an^ by this, L'aJJo 
 is much inferior to Virgil. What Difference is there be- 
 tween 'Dido's parting with JFneas, and Armidd's parting 
 with Rinaldof. What 2)/W(3 thinks and fays on that Occafi- 
 on, is the Effeft of the moft tender and themoft violent 
 Love that ever was ; whereas Armida hardly thinks or faya 
 a Word that is natural. She begins thus : 
 
 Forfennara Gridava. O tu che porti 
 Teco parte di me, parle ne lafli 5 
 O prcnJi Tuna, o rendil'altra, omorte 
 Da inficme ad ambe. 
 
 O thou who half of me dojl take away. 
 Mow can the other half behind thee fay I 
 
L o G I c K and R h e t o r i c k. [^29] 
 
 Or take this -with thee, or do that reftore^ 
 Or let me breathe this vitalJir no rmre. 
 
 Here is too much Art in this, ^ere Souhoiirs obfervcs, 
 that the Heart does not explain icfclf in fuch a fubtJe Man- 
 ner nor is fincere Paffion fb playful. / do}i't love Segin- 
 jiif7gs ivhich are 7mich ftudy'd. Nou me dele^iavit tarn 
 cur lo^uin f rind fiim, fays Tetronitis, efpecially in the Vio- 
 lence of Paffion. The Reft of the Thoughts on the Part- 
 ing of Rinaldo and Armida are as affeded, two or three 
 only excepted, which are pretty natural. The Scudiero q 
 Scudo is aftefled to a Scandal, tho' the Poet had no Need 
 of going fo far out of his Way. 
 
 Saro qual piii vorrai fcudiero o fcudo. 
 Kon fia che'n tua difefa io mi rifparmi, 
 Per quefte fen, per queflo coUo ignudo, 
 Pria che giungano a te, pafferan I'armi. 
 2^0 thee^ my Knight^ Vllhe^ or Squire ^ or Shield 
 From Wotmds to imrd thee in the fighting Field, 
 When thy lov'dSreafi's in ^erilfrom thy Foe^ 
 ril i^jth my Sofom ijitercej't the 'Blow. 
 
 If Armida had only faid, I'll follow you to the War, and 
 wait on you as your Servant, to bear your Arms, or lead 
 yourHorfe, to ward off Blows from you, or to receive them 
 tor you, fhe wou'd have exprefs'd her Paffion in a natural 
 Manner: But Tajjb, as fine a Genius as he had, was a little 
 like thofe Coquets, who will ufe Paint, be they never fb 
 handfome without it. Unumqiiodque gemis^ cuin or-imtiir 
 cajfc pndic, que, fit illuflritis : cum fucntur, o pr<ffHmtur, fi,t 
 frtejtigiofirm. Aul. Gcll. Thofe Coquets do/i't confider^ 
 that their ufing Art spoils Nctiire, and that they •iwri'd 
 fkafe more, if they did not flrive to please fo much. Mr. 
 fpr/cr in his Paraphrafe on the old Poem, call'd the Nut- 
 broivn Alaid, expreffes Armidd's Paffion much more in the 
 Way of Nature. Erama fpeaks to Henry. 
 
 2^ear thee^ i-aiftnifl not, conftantVll abide. 
 And fall or "janqiiip fighting by thy Side. 
 I'hd' my inferior Strength may not allow 
 'That JfijciCd bear or draw the Warrior So-w^ 
 With ready Hands J will the Shaft fupply^ 
 And jcy to fee thy l^i^or Arrows fly. 
 ToucFd in the Battel by the hoftile Reed 
 Shotilifii thotiy butHeav'n avert it, jhou'dftthoubleed ; 
 
 Thcr^ 
 
[150] The ARTS of 
 
 There is Nature. 
 
 'To flop the Wounds my fine fl Laivn Vdteaf^ 
 Wafh them with Tears, and wipe them with my Halt, 
 Tajfo has not only thefe afFefted Thoughts in his Gieru- 
 falemme, an Epick-Poem 5 you meet with them inhis-^w;«- 
 tas, a Paftoral, and one of the fineft Paftorals that ever was 
 written, tho' that Kind of Writing admits of it the leafl^. He 
 fays, that Love, when he is firft born, has but fhort Wings, 
 and can't fly 5 and thus a Man knows nothing of his Birtn^ 
 till he is grown up, and has taken his Flight. 
 
 Amor nafcente ha corte Tale, a pena. 
 
 Puu tenerle e non le fpiega a volo. 
 
 Pur non s'accorge I'huopi quand, egli nafce 5 
 
 E quando huom fe n* accorge, ^ grande, e vola. 
 
 The following French Verfes are more in Nature. 'Tis a 
 little Dialogue. 
 
 A quoi penfiez-vous Climene ? 
 
 A quoi penfiez-vous d'aimer? 
 
 Ne f aviez-vous pas la peine 
 
 Que foufifre un coeur qui fe lailTe enflammer I 
 
 What are you thinking of Climene ? 
 What are you thinking oj\ to love"^. 
 jDoyou not know what 'Pain a Heart 
 Which Cupid has inflamed endures ? 
 
 Anjwer. ^ 
 
 On n'y penfe pas, Si 1 vie, 
 Quand on commence d'aimer; 
 Et lans en avoir envie. 
 En un Moment on fe laiffe enflammer. 
 
 We do not think of it, ^e^r Silvia, 
 When we begin to love. 
 And without any fitch 'Defire^ 
 We're all at cnce inflam'd. 
 
 Here is plain Nature, a beautiful Simplicity I Let us fee 
 whether we can know this fame Love again, after Cowley 
 has put another Drefs upon it. 
 
 J came, Jfaw, and was undone. 
 Lightning did thro' my 'Bones and Marrow run 5 
 
 A pointed Pain pier c'd deep my Heart ; 
 ^/w//r cold Trembling Jeiz*d on ev'ry Part, 
 
 My 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. [131] 
 
 My Head turned round^ nor coii'd it bear 
 'The Toy fin that was entered there. 
 Sappho in the Ode prefcrvM by Zongimis, expreflesit in a 
 inore violent Manner than Climene^ but there is Nature. 
 From Vein to Vein Ijeel afubtle Flame^ 
 jVhene''er I fee thee^ run through ad my Frame : 
 Jlnd as the 'Jranjport feizes ojt my Mitid^ 
 Fm dumh^ and neither Tongue nor Voice ca?2find. 
 A Mifi of 'Pleafitre o'er wy Eyes is fpread^ 
 J hear no more, and am to Reafon dead 5 
 ^ale^ breathkfs, fpeechkfs, and expiring lye^ 
 J burny Ifreeze^ I tremble^ and I dye. 
 
 Here is the violent Fit in Climene j the foft Love fteals 
 away Climene's Heart, but he tears out Safipho^s 3 both are 
 natural tho' different. 
 
 Affeftation, with refpc6l to Thought, according to an 
 ancient Author, comes generally from the Excefs to which 
 they are carry 'd, that is, from too much of the Sublime, 
 or the Agreeable^ or the 7-)elicate^ in the three Kinds we 
 have been fpeaking of. The firil: are nob'e, great, and 
 fublime Thoughts, the fecond pretty and agreeable, and 
 the laft fine and delicate. If a Man's Wit is not directed 
 by Judgment, and kept within the Bounds of Nature, he 
 immediately runs- into Extrcams, and overdoes every 
 Thing 3 'F^er Jffe^ationer.i d-ccris ccrrvpta Sententia^ chra 
 eo ipfo dedecoretur quo illc.m voluit Author or?mre. II jc 
 fit atit nimio timore^ am nimio cultn. Diomed. Gram. 
 Lib. 2. Then Bombaft takes the Place of the Great and 
 theSublimej Affeftation that of the Agreeable j and Deli- 
 cacy is nothing but meer Subtlety. 1 don't know whar elfe 
 to make of 'Fere Souhours's Etiflure^ Jgrecment^ andi^^- 
 finement. The latter efpecially is better underftood, as it 
 regards Thoughts by the Word Subtlety^ than by Nice- 
 cefs, Refining, or any other Terms in our Lexicography. 
 We can eafily comprehend, that a Thought may "become 
 fubtle by fludying Delicacy too much, and affeifted by 
 labouring to render it more agreeable, and Ecmbafl by 
 fwelling it up to the Sublime. Thefe Thing?, well con- 
 fider'd, wou'd prevent the Errors Writers generally fall 
 into in thofe three Kinds of Thinking, and Readers 
 would not fo generally mirtake the one for the other, as 
 we do in England^ and as they did in Frajice^ 'till Father 
 Houhottn fet them right in his Maniere de bien penfer. 
 
 The 
 
[13^] ' 77?^ ARTS of 
 
 The SpcSintoy animadverts judicioufly on this Vice of 
 Thought and ExprefTion, N'^. 58. " The wild Havock 
 *' Afl-ciHiation makes in that Part of the World which 
 *' fhou'd be the moft Polite, is vifiblc wherever we turn 
 *' our Eyes 5 it puflies Men not only into Impertinences xfi 
 *' Converfation, but aifo in their premeditated Speeches." 
 He then inftances in the 2*^r and the Bench ^ and adds 
 as judicious Remarks on the ^Pulpit. 
 
 " It might be born here, but it often afcends the Pul- 
 *' pit it felf j and the Declaimer, in that Sacred Place, is 
 " frequently fo impertinently witty, fpeaks of the Lafl 
 " Day it felf with fo many quaint Phrafes, that there is 
 *' no Man who underftands Raillery, but mull rcfoive to 
 " fin no more : Nay, you may behold him fometimes in 
 *' Prayer for a proper Delivery of the great Truths he is 
 " to utter, humble hiinfeif with fo very well turned 
 " Phrafe, and mentions his own Unworthinefs in a Way 
 " fo very becoming, that the Air of the pretty Gentleman 
 *' is preferved under the Lovvlinefs of the Preacher." 
 
 This Fault does nc-t fo often happen in fuch Sort of 
 Eloquence as in other Kinds, unlefs it be in the younger 
 Orators : Befides, as it is neceflary to have fome fmall Por- 
 tion of Senfe to be a Coxcomb, and without it a Man 
 degenerates into a 'Blockhead^ fo Affectation is not often 
 the Companion of Dulnefs, and which we are in moft 
 Danger otin thefe Cafes let the Reader determine. 
 
 PART 
 
( »J ) 
 
 PART III. 
 
 How the Sublime J in the Way of 
 Thinkings become Bombaft ; 
 the Agreeable J Affe6l:ation ; 
 and the Delicate^ Subtlety. 
 
 'Bomhafi.^^M^^I^ ERE SO UHO UR S has al- 
 ready obfery'd, That Thoughts 
 often become bad, by the Au- 
 thor's aiming at too much Wit : 
 That in the Noble Kind, a 
 Thought is vicious when it is 
 carried to an Excefs of Gran- 
 deur -J in the Agreeable Kind, when it has more Agree- 
 ilblenefs than it Ihould have 5 and in the Delicate Kind, 
 when that Delicacy is fo fine f'pun, as to become Subtlety. 
 These different Kinds of Affeftation are, according 
 to Julius Scnliger, Efforts of the Mind above the Sub- 
 jeft, and its own Strength j Cofiatus fupra vires ^ fu- 
 pra rem. We proced now to Examples. 
 
 HiW the Siil>li77iB may become Bombaft. 
 
 G RA'Tl JN, one of the greatcft Wits of Spain, 
 is not fatisfy'd with faying in his Courtier, that a Great 
 
 Q^ heart 
 
234 1^^^ ARTS of 
 
 Or he ho^s none, cr all the World's his Tomb ; 
 Ml that he added to the Roman Empire, 
 Is fear cc a Grave --xorthy fo great a Alan. 
 
 These Thoughts have a Luftre in them which ilrikes 
 at firft, and are evident at Sight. Tis more noble in 
 Appearance to have the Heavens for a Covering, than 
 a Heap of Dirt 5 tho' in Truth 'tis but a chimerical Nc- 
 blcnefs. For the Honour of Sepulture arifes from the 
 Love and Eftecm of our Relations and Friends, who 
 ere6t Monuments for us ; the only Ufe of which is to 
 cover Carcafles, and prcferve their Corps from the Da- 
 mages of the Weather, and the Cruelty of Beads, which 
 the Heavens do not do j being equally a Covering to 
 both Beafts and Men, without prefervmg them in any 
 wife. Valleius '^Paterculus has a Thought on the Death 
 of 'Pompey, v.hich has more Statelinefs in it, than true 
 Greatnefs. Hie poft tres Canfidattis ^ totidejiz trium- 
 phoSy dojnitur/iqiie terrarum Orbcm^ vitte fiiit exitus : 
 in t ant 14771 in illo viro a fe difcordante fortiina, ut cui 
 QYiodo ad Viucriam Terra defuerat, deejjet ad fepidtu- 
 rar/7. Lib. z. " Such was the End of Pornpey j after 
 *• three Confulates, and as many Triumphs, or rather 
 *• after having conquer'd the World, Fortune, with Re- 
 " fpe6l to him, agreed fo little with her fclf, that the 
 *' Earth, which had not been fufficient for his Vi6to- 
 *' ries, did not fupply him with a Sepulture. " Such 
 Thoughts would have been cry'd out againft in Firgil or 
 Livy, as monftrous Imaginations. They would hardly 
 have been allow'd in Tacitus, who makes 'Bojocalus in 
 his Annals, and Gali^aciiS in his Life of Agricola, talk 
 more reafonably and handfomely : So jo alus rcfufing 
 the Lands which the Romans had ofFcr'd him, faid, 
 'T>e?JJe nobis Terra, in qua vi-vatnus, in qua ?noria?nur 
 non potefr. Annal 15. We can't want Land where we 
 live, and where we mull dye. And Galgacus, jealous of 
 the Liberty of Britain, and a declared Enemy to the 
 Roman Power, fpeaks thus to his Countrymen. Rap- 
 tors Orbis pofiquam runtla vaftantibus defuere terrce 
 C5? ?nare fcrutantur. Si Locuples koftis ejf, avari j fi pau- 
 per , ambiticfi : ^uos non Oriens, non Occidens fatiave- 
 rit 5 foli omniura opes atque inopiam pari affetfu con- 
 cupifcunt. Jluferre, trucidare^ raperCy falfis nominibus 
 
 Imperiwn , 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. 23J 
 
 Imperium -J atque ubi foUtudinerafacium^ pacem ap- 
 pellant. " Thefe Robbers of the World, and Rava- 
 *' gers of the Univerfe, now the exhaufled Land can no 
 " more furnifh their Rapines, endeavour to rifle the 
 " wide Seas and Ocean. When they meet with opulent 
 " Enemies, their Cruelty proceeds from Avarice ^ when 
 " with Poor, it rifes from Ambition. The Eafi and 
 *' Wejt^ vaft as they are, cannot £itiate their voracious 
 *' Minds. They, and They alone, with cc[ual Greedi- 
 *' nefs, grafp at the Riches and Poverty of all Nations. 
 *' Devaftations, Murders, and Extirpations pafs with 
 " them under the falfe Names of Empire and Govem- 
 " mcnt 5 and they boaft of eftablifhing Peace in thofe 
 " Provinces they have rendred defblate. 
 
 Whether Galgacus made this Speech himfelf, or 
 'Tacitus for him, it has in it a Spirit of Liberty, which 
 is the Charafteriftick of a true Triton j as an abjedl: 
 Slavery is that of the modern French : Of whom, and 
 their abfolute Monarch, 2)ryden faid, 
 
 Zet haughty Pharaoh curfe Kicith fuch a Reign y 
 His fruitful Nile, and yoke afervile Train. 
 
 On the Deathof ^M//>IV. King of Spain ^ ^n Italian 
 Poet has a Flight above the Pike of "Teneriff'e. He cries 
 out, Help, Help, as if the World was a Fire, or the 
 Skies were tumbling down upon his Head. 
 
 Aita oh cieli ! or che vacilla il mondo 
 Tremate O Mondi ! or che cadente e il cielo. 
 
 Help Heaven^ orelfethe World '-will drop in 'Piece s^ 
 Or the Skies fall and crujh the Globe to Atoms. 
 
 Thus the Poet begins his Poem, and the End is anfwer- 
 able to the Beginning. 
 
 Refto I'Alcide a foftener il mondo 
 Paili I'Atlante a dominar il cielo. 
 
 Atlas is gone to reign in Heaven ^ 
 Sut Hercules remains on Earth 
 To bear the mighty "Burden. 
 
 "Philip 
 
2^6 TJbe ARTS of 
 
 Tl.iilip II. is the Atlas, and the Hercules is the laft King 
 of SpaiHy Charles the lid, who was at that Time an In- 
 fant, and as it is faid, wrapt up in Wool, and kept in a 
 Box as a Bird in a Neft ; His Conltitution being fo weak 
 that he could not bear the Air. Thus we have an Her- 
 cules with the Rickets. 
 
 2) RT 2) EN in his Poem on King Charles the 
 Second's Death, fteals even this Thought, as whimfical 
 as it is in the Italian : The Atlas is the defund Prince, 
 the Hercules King JameSy his Brother. 
 
 Sopivift and fo furprifing -ivas our Fear^ 
 Our kths fell indeed^ [put Hercules ivas near. 
 
 I HAVE obferv'd among the Flatterers, that let the 
 Prince be ever fb much the Rcverfe of what they fpeak 
 of him, they are fure to let the Hyperbole ftick on 
 fomething that's leaft able to bear it. Thus the French 
 King, who never was in a Battle in his Life, is extol'd 
 for his Valour 5 and after he had dellroy'd more Cities 
 and Countries than any Deftroyer (ince Attilas, after he 
 had driven a Million of his good Subjefls from their 
 Homes to Banilhment and Beggar^', his Flatterers can- 
 not fiy enough of his Juftice and Clemency. So Charles 
 the lid of Spain is a Hercules with a Lyon's Skin, and 
 a Club 5 and Charles the Hi of England a 2)avid, a 
 King after God's own Heart, as IJryden calls him in 
 his Verfes upon his Death. Thcfc Things are Outrages 
 againft R.eafon and Truth , but fo wild and monltrous, 
 that they give Mirth rather than Difguft. 
 
 The learned French Jefuit tells us, 'tis a Fault not 
 only to be grand in little things, but to be too grand in 
 great ones ^ for true Grandeur ought to have its jull 
 Bounds. Vv'hatever exceeds it is out ot the Rule of Per- 
 feftion. We mufl never fuffer our Thoughts to fwcll, 
 let the Subjei^f: be ever fo elevated and pompous. 2)e- 
 7/ietriits 'Phaler, in his Treatife de Elccut. teaches us. 
 Res omnes accom/mdati efferendce funt, parv£ quidcfu 
 exiliter, magniC autem magnifice. And Lonfinus, in 
 nugas quandoque facilll/ni, qudo grandia funt, cvadunt. 
 ^.iid enim hdc aliud diseriwus, quam jovis insomnia ? 
 Nothing is fo cafy as to fill from the Sublime into tri- 
 fling J xvALojifjnus calls thofe vain and puffy Thoughts, 
 
 thi: 
 
Logic K ^;;^ Rhetoric k. 237 
 
 the Dreams of Jupiter. Martial is not of the Greek 
 Criticks Opinion. His Thoughts are fo frivolous in 
 oreat Subjeds, that they are fometimes ]hocking. 
 
 Par domus eft ccelo, fed minor eft domino. 
 
 Lefi than its Lord the Honfe^ tho' great as Heaven, 
 
 Speaking of 'Donzitian's Pabce. There is no need of 
 explaining how this Thought becomes ^Pitjiy 3 'tis felf- 
 evident, and executes it fclf much better than any 
 Treaty can. As does this other Thought of Martial . 
 
 EfTe velis, oro, ferus conviva Tonantis ; 
 Aut tu fi properas, Jupiter, ipfe veni. 
 
 Defer till late to be the Guefi of Jove ; 
 Or if Jove -zvants you, let him come to you. 
 
 Does not Martial treat Jupiter a little unhandfomly 
 to make him come from Heaven to wait on Domitian. 
 I have taken Notice that Dry den is very apt to err in this 
 Point. He does not only treat Heaven as inferior to the 
 Emperor of the Romans j but talks of him as of a fmall 
 Mechanick. Thus in his Epiftle to the Dutchefs of Or- 
 monde on her Recovery out of a Fit of Sicknefs : 
 
 Or Heaven, 'which had fiich Over-cojl befto--jd'd^ 
 As fcarce it cou'd afford to Flejh and Shod 5 
 So lik'd the Frame he 'xou'dnot --work ane-zi\ 
 'To fave the Charges of another you. 
 
 Which is equally poor and extravagant. Lee is almoft 
 every where out of his Wits when he is in a Paflion, and 
 makes nothing to knock one God's Head againft another^ 
 as I have feen a ftout Boxer do by two Clowns. 
 
 Away^ begone^ andgive a TVhirwind Room^ 
 Or J ixill blo-w you off" like Dufi., avaunt / 
 Madnefs but meanly reprefents my Toil '. 
 EternatDifcord 
 
 Fury^ Revenge^ Difdain, and Indignation^ 
 Tear my fwoln Sreaji 5 make 'xay for Fire and 
 
 (Tempejl 5 
 My Srain is burfy Debate and Reafon quench d.^ 
 The Storm is up^ arid my hot bleeding Heart 
 Splits -zvith the Rack, ischile 'Faffions^ like the Winds., 
 Rife up to HeaSn^ and put out all the Stars. 
 
 Alexander 
 
238 T:he ARTS <?f 
 
 Alexander again, 
 
 Hn^ -ivho talks of Heaven '. 
 
 I am all Hell, I burn, I bi'.rn agen 5 
 
 My vital Spirits are all parched, burnt up. 
 
 And all my fmoaky Entrails turn'd to Apes. 
 
 I CANNOT omit here Lee's Defcription of Madnefs, 
 the bcft I ever met with 5 and who more proper to de- 
 fcribe it than a mad Poet ? In defar Sorgia : 
 
 jTo my charmed Ears no more of Woman tell 5 
 2<Iame not a Woman and IJhall be ^xell ; 
 Like a poor Lunatick that makes his Moan, 
 And for a "jchile beguiles his Lookers on j 
 He reafons •■well, his Eyes their Wildnefs lofe. 
 And vo^xs the Keepers his -ivrong^d Senfe dbufe : 
 Sut if you kit the Caufe that hurts his "Brain, 
 'Then his Teeth gnafh, he foams, he Jhakes his Chain y 
 His Eye-balls roll, and he is mad again. 
 
 There he is fober, and fpeaks fenfibly of his Subjefl ; 
 but how was his Brain when he faid in his Alesander^ 
 
 rildro-zvn him in the deep So'xl 0/ Hercules, 
 Make the World drunk y and then like jEoIus, 
 Wioen he gave 'Pajfage to the ftruggling Winds ^ 
 Til flick my Spear into the recling^Globe 
 And let it blood. ^ 
 
 And in Oedipus : 
 
 Kno-iv, be it knozvn to the Limits of the World 5 
 let farther let itpafs yon dazling Roof 
 The Manflon of the Gods, and (ir ike 'em deaf 
 With everlajting 'Peals of thundering Joy. 
 
 Lee had without doubt a happy Genius fbi- Tragedy ; 
 and where he is in his Senfcs he is excellent j for which 
 Reafon one fliould not be too curious in our Examtns 
 of his Plays. 1)ryden fwells his I'houghts and Exprcf- 
 lions almoil as much as Lee j and is the more inex- 
 cufable, for that his is a (ludy'd Madnefs, whereas Lee^ 
 was natural. Does not his Maxim in tell the Gods they 
 were more beholden to him than he was to them ? 
 
 Keep you your Rain and Sun-pine in your SkieSy 
 And rU keep back my Oil and Sacrifice. 
 
 And 
 
LoGicK ^7;^ Rhetor I CK. 239 
 
 And when he had forgot himfclf Co far as to fwear by 
 him, he prefcntly recollefts himfclf: 
 
 Sta by the Gods ! by Maximin / meant. 
 
 No Spaniard has written up to this 5 and yet this was 
 the Sublime of the Stage during all King Charles the 
 Second's Reign. Neither do I think it any Excafe that 
 tDrvden knew it to be Bombaft and Nonicnfc, and fa- 
 crificed his Underftanding to a Vogue, as Lord Zanf- 
 dozvn reprefcnts it : 
 
 Our King return'd^ &c. 
 'The Mufe ran mad to fee her e%<Vd Lord ; 
 On the crack'd Stage the Bedlam Heroes roar'dy 
 J^nd fcarce cou'd/peak one reafonable Word. 
 Dryden himfelf, to pleafe a frantick Age^ 
 Was forced to let his Judgment (loop to Rage ; 
 I'o a wild Audience he conformed his P'oice, 
 Comply'd to CuJlo??z ; but not err'd thro' Choice. 
 Tieem'd then the ^eople's^ not the Writer's Sin, 
 Almanzor'i Rage, and Rants of Maximin. 
 
 Somewhat o{ Maximin we have feen j his Almanzor is 
 ftill worfe if poflible : 
 
 ril fqueeze thee like a S ladder, 
 
 And make thee groan thy felf a-^jcay in Air. 
 
 Again, 
 
 Inhere' s not a, Star of thine dare fay ivith thee. 
 Til 'vohifle thy tame Fortune after ine. 
 
 B u T it would be a Volume of it felf to incert all the 
 bombaft Thoughts in T)ryden\ Almanzors and Afasi- 
 ?mns : Nor, as I have already obfcrv'd, is his ^on Se- 
 haftian free from them, though 'twas written many Years 
 after he had been expos'd on the Stage in the Character 
 of Says for thefe Enormities. So I cannot fay with 
 Lord Lanfdo-WH, that he did not err through Choice. 
 I believe both ^Dryden, and Settle, and Ravenfcroft, and 
 Croucn, who all wrote "Taking Plays, chofe the Rants, as 
 Ro\V chofe his Rhiming at the End of a Speech for a 
 Clap-Trap, and it feldom fail'd. It gave Mr. Settertort 
 and Mrs. Sarry an Opportunity to heighten their Aftion 
 and their Voice 3 and the Audience generally apply 'd to 
 I " the 
 
240 "iChe ARTS of 
 
 the Poet what was only due to the Aflors. The Lord 
 Lanfdoivn^ in his Poem upon unnatural Fli^hts^ fpeaks 
 of the Bombaft with great Judgment and Eloquence : 
 
 Such Vaunts as his, "xho can ivith 'Patience ready 
 
 Who thus defer ibes his Hero "xhen he^s dead ? 
 
 //; Heat of Jflionjlain, yet f corns to fall ^ 
 
 Sut fill maintains the War, and fights at Jill. 
 
 "The noify Culverin, oerchargd, lets fly, 
 
 u^ttd burfs unaiming in the rended Sky. 
 
 Such frantick Flights are like a Madman'' s TireaJHS^ 
 
 And Nature fuffers in the ivild Ext reams. 
 
 or all the Poetical Effays on Criticifm, that Poem is 
 the Ihorteft and the bcft. The Honourable Author had 
 certainly read 'Perc Souhours, and improv'd his own 
 Thoughts by that learned Jefuit's, as I have hinted elfe- 
 where. Martial, as Souhours informs us, fl^ould not 
 have flatter'd his Prince at the Expence of him whom 
 the Pagans acknowledged to be the Father of human 
 Race, the King of Kings, who with a Nod made the 
 Earth tremble , whofe Thunder had deftroy'd the 
 Giants. In a Word, he Haould not have jelled upon 
 Jupiter as he does in another Place : 
 
 Nam tibi quod folvat non habet area Jovis. . 
 Jove has not in his Chef enough to pay youi 
 
 HO R. ACE never errs againft Decorum, with re* 
 fpeft either to Rcafon or Religion. His Uncicrftanding 
 was right, and prevented all fuch Error. He is con- 
 tented with flying of Augufus, addreifing himfclf to 
 
 Jupiter, 
 
 Tibi cura magni 
 Caefaris fatis data : tu fecundo 
 Caefare regnes. 
 
 To you the ^Definies affign 
 The Care of Ca:far ; Next to you 
 May Csefar rule the Univerfe. 
 
 Lib. I. Od. 12. 
 
 At the fame time that he raifes the Grandeur of ^^' 
 gufius, he is careful of that of Jupiter j and it is this 
 Care which a ri^ht Underflanding will always take in the 
 fuhlime kind ot Thinking. A&'tial knew nothing of 
 
 it; 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. 241 
 
 it 5 and when he flatters 'Domitiany he makes Jupiter 
 give him the Wall ; or at leaft puts him Check by Jolc 
 with him, very far from Horace : 
 
 Unde nil majus generatur ipfo, 
 
 Ncc viget quicquam fimile aut fecundum. 
 
 Nothing is greater than hlmfelf-. 
 Nothing is like or fecond to him. 
 
 Horace is fb religious and fb difcreet, that he does not 
 equal Men even with the Gods in general, unlcfs there 
 is fbme Reafon for it on the Part of the Gods ; or where 
 he fays jDiomedes is equal to the Gods in Courage, he 
 adds, it was by the Afliftance of a Goddefs : And thus 
 he gives 'Pallas the Honour of the divine Valour, which 
 he attributes to a Man : 
 
 Quis Martem tunica te£ium adamantina j 
 Dign^ fcripferit 5 aut pulvere Troico 
 Nigrum Merionem, aut ope Palladis 
 Tydiden fuperis parcm ? 
 
 TFho "jcorthily of Mars ivou'd 'write, 
 In adamantine Armour dight 5 
 Who to Meriones'^ Fame be juff. 
 When covered o'er ivith Trojan ^ujl ; 
 Who 'Worthily ivou'd write (?/Diomede, 
 
 Whofe 'warlike A5fions, by the Aid 
 
 Of the immortal Warrior Maid, 
 ^hofe of the Gods themfelves exceed. 
 
 MARI'IAL does not treat the Gods with too 
 much Ceremony j and he is not the only Author among 
 the Heathens who ufes the like Freedom with them. 
 Lucan does not fpare them when they lie in his Way. 
 Not only Cato contends with them in his Tharfnlia 5 
 but ^ompey defies their Power when he is dying. 
 However, Marius forgives them for his Misfortunes. 
 Thus he On the one Hand makes nothing of them j and 
 on the other treats them as culpable. The Poet fays of 
 1*ompey\ Looks after his Death : 
 
 'There Virtue fiill unchangeable abode, 
 Andfcorv^d the Spite of every partial God. 
 
 Row, Lib. 8. 
 
 And oiMariuSt in the Second BoQk, he fays, 
 
 R "Proud 
 
242 l^^e A R T S (?/ 
 
 Troui Carthage in her Ruins he beheld , 
 j^midp her Jjhes pleas' d he fat him down. 
 And joy'd in the tDejlru6lion of the 7'o-wn. 
 7'he Genius of the 'Placey with ?nutual Hate, 
 Rear'd its fad Heady andfrniVd at Marius Fate. 
 Each with 2)elight furvey'd their fallen Foe 5 
 And each forgave the Gods that laid the other kiv. 
 
 Both Lucan and Martial ^ according to Father 
 SouhourSy were fine Wits, who loft themfelves fome- 
 times by taking too much Wing ; and are not like Sapho^ 
 to whom Greece gave the Title of the Tenth Mufe, for 
 her Learning and Wit. She had no fboner written of a 
 very valiant Man, that he was equal to the God MarSy 
 than fhe was fcnfible of her Error, and corre(^ed it im- 
 mediately : For rightly judging that the Thing was im- 
 poflible, Ihe only faid, he was the braveft ot all Men. 
 Homer^s Confcience was not fo fcrupulous 3 he fays, in 
 fo many Words, that Meriones was equal to Mars. But 
 it is his Cuftom to give Men the Virtues of the Gods, 
 and to give the Gods the Vices of Men ; which 'Pere 
 Souhours does not take to be the beft Thing in his Iliad 
 and Odiffey. 
 
 MALHERSE refin'd upon Homer ^ in calling 
 Henry IV. oi France ^ 
 
 Plus Mars que Mars de la Trace. 
 More Mars than Mars of Thrace. 
 
 But a Poet of our Religion, who regards Mars only as 
 the Fable makes him, the God of War, may, without 
 Scruple, not only make a victorious Monarch equal, but 
 fuperior to him. More Mars is not bolder than lefs 
 Hercules^ which Malherh ufes in fbme Vetfes on that 
 King's happy Expedition to Sedan : 
 
 Si tes labeurs, d'ou la France 
 
 A tire fa delivrance, 
 
 Sont ecrits avecque foi : 
 
 Qui fera fi ridicule. 
 
 Qui ne confefle qu'Hercule 
 
 Fut moins Hercule que toi ? 
 
 Jf thy Labours y which advance 
 The Welfare and the Teace of France, 
 
 Were 
 
L O G I C K Chd R H E T O R I C K^ 24^ 
 
 Were ivrit iioith 'Truths all 'wou'd allo-w 
 
 'J'hat Hercules 
 
 Hmfelf-was lefs 
 A Hercules thm thoU. 
 
 ^ASSCt. rnmmringof the Souldan o^ Egypt £\\Xir\g 
 on his Throne in the Middle of his Army, cloath'd with 
 a terrible Majefty, to Jove darting his Thunders, is 
 noble and not extravagant j for the Souldan is only corn- 
 par 'd to an Image of Jufiter darting Thunder : 
 
 Appellc fbrfe 6 Fidia in tal fembiante 
 Glove formo, ma Giove all'hor tonante. 
 
 Apelles thm or Phideas dreijo great Jove, 
 Parting his "thunders at the rebel Giants. 
 
 What neceflarily follows fuch an Image as this, Jupiter 
 and thunder^ is notre grande monarque. Ze-zvis XIV. 
 who might very well be poetically fpoken of as a Jupiter i 
 nay, as above all the Gods : Thus in thefe Verfes, which 
 ^ere Souhours will have to be very witty and reafon- 
 able : 
 
 Lors qu'a la main il a le cimeterre, 
 Cell Jupiter qui lance le tonnerre. 
 Pauvre Hollande, appaifez fon couroux : 
 II vaut mieux voir tous les Dieux contre vous. 
 Que le Roi feuL 
 
 JVhen in his Hand his Sdmeter he hears ^ 
 Like Jove, his thunder darting^ he appears^ 
 
 Appeafe his Wrath, poor Hollanders 3 
 jBetter 'woti^d your Condition be 
 Were all the Gods your Foes ^ than only he. 
 
 Mr. ^r/or, in his Imitation of the Second Ode of the 
 Second Book of Horace, has drawn as true a Picture of 
 this French Jupiter as any Apelles could have done ; 
 
 On Norman Coajls, and Sanks affrighted Seine, 
 
 Lo the impending Storms begin I 
 
 Britannia, fafely thro' her Mafier's Sea^ 
 
 Flows up her vi&orious Way : 
 
 the French Salmoneus thro-zvs his Tiolts in "jain^ 
 
 Whilft the true Thunderer ajferts the Main. 
 
 He has taken the Thunder otit of King Ze^.vis^s Hand, 
 end put it into King William's. 
 
 R a The 
 
244 "^^^^ A R T S e?/ 
 
 The Chriftian Poets, who know the Gods of the 
 Heathens to be only Dreams and Chimeras, may treat 
 them how they will : The Pagans are not juftify'd by it, 
 when they make Men equal with their immortal Gods, 
 as they called them. If Zonginus blames an ancient 
 Author for calling Xerxes the Jupiter of the ^erjians^ 
 what Blame do they deferve who degrade jfupitery by 
 making Man fuperior or equal to him ? 'Pere Soubours 
 owns that Flattery introduc'd this bombaft Way of 
 Thinking and Speaking. In proportion, as the Romans 
 loft their Liberty, and the Ccefars became their Mailers, 
 Generoiity and good Senfe grew corrupted, and Flattery 
 became more bafe and lefs reafonable. The French 
 Jefuit acknowledges this, after he had been telling us 
 how his Countrymen had flatter'd the Grand Monarch. 
 Truth forces him to own that the abfolute Power of the 
 Roman Emperors deftroy'd the Genius of the Roman 
 People, as well as their Liberty. King Charles II. ask'd 
 Vojjius what was the Reafon that the Greeks and Ro- 
 772 ans wrote better than the Authors of other Nations 5 
 he told him plainly. They 'were freSy and Eloquence 
 never thrived under Tyranny. In the Reign o{ Au- 
 guJiuSy when the Liberty of Rome was not quite fup- 
 prefs'd, the Poets and Orators were fatisfy'd with di- 
 viding the World between jfupiter and C<iefar : 
 
 T)ivifu/'a mperium cum Jove C<efar haher> 
 
 But in Tioraitian's Reign, when a flavifh Spirit had 
 llifled all republican Sentiments, Cdsfar was placed above 
 Jupiter. 
 
 We have feen thatfome of the Pagan Wits, as Horace 
 and Saphoy did not allow themfclvcs in making Men 
 c^ual to the Gods : And 'PUny the Younger reproves 
 himfelf for having faid of a Pilot who weather'd a Storm 
 and reach 'd his Port, that he came pretty near to the 
 Gods of the Sea. And yet we find that fevcral Chriftian 
 Orators and Poets have err'd cnormoufly , in giving 
 mortal Men the Attributes of the Divinity, or of heaven- 
 ly Spirits. A fimous Writer in Trance^ in the Time of 
 Kkblieu\ Minillry, dedicated a Book to him, and 
 makes him little Icfs than a God, by faying, " The 
 *• Cardinal had dclivcr'd the Paflions from the Trouble 
 •* which Sin gave them j that he had turn'd them into 
 •* fo many Viitucs, and reduc'd them to the Neceflity 
 
 " of 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. 245 
 
 <* of fubtniting to the Law of Reafon, and not to move 
 «« without her Command. That whatever evil Events may 
 *' happen to touch him, they would touch Angels were 
 ^' they mortal. That the People ought to thank Heaven 
 " that he was made a Man and not an Angel, ilnce he 
 *' had put the Weaknefles of human Nature to fo noble 
 " Employment. That he had learnt of the Angel of 
 ** the State to know Mens Intentions, and the Motions 
 ♦' of their Hearts. In fine, that he imitated, in the 
 " Government of France^ the Conduft of God in go- 
 ** veming the World." 
 
 A s foon as the Cardinal was dead, this famous Au- 
 thor flipprefs'd this flattering Dedication, in the fecond 
 Edition of his Book, and dedicated the fame Book to 
 Jefus Chrift, to ihew publickly that he was afharaed of 
 thofe falfe Thoughts, as well for the Irreligion, as the 
 Excefs which was in them. Indeed, Flattery could not 
 be pufh'd farther, unlefs he had made the Cardinal God 
 himfelf. Another French Author told a Prime Minifler, 
 in an Epiille Dedicatory 3 " No Body had ever feen 
 *' his Countenance, without being feiz'd with thofe ten- 
 *' der Fears which made Prophets tremble when God 
 *' communicated to them fome vifible Ray of his Glo- 
 ** ry. But as he, whom they durft not approach, in the 
 *' Burning Bufh, and the Clap of Thunder, came fbme- 
 " times to them in a gentle Zephir 5 fo the Sweetneis 
 ** of your auguft Vifage difTipates the little Vapours 
 " that cover its Majefty, and change them into Dew '*. 
 Sweetly faid 3 and by no left a Man than SalzaCy who 
 wafted all the Hyperboles of his Rhetorick in favour 
 of this Minifter of State. Voiture, in a Letter to the 
 fame Sahac, would have ftretch'd his Hyperboles too 
 much, had he not written either in Imitation of that 
 "Writer, or to make a Jcft of his Manner, by mimicking it. 
 The latter is moft likely, for that Salzac was a little 
 jealous of Voiture\ Reputation, and there was no very 
 good Undcrftanding between them. " Of the many 
 *' fine Things you nave fiid to my Advantage, all that 
 " I can believe, to flatter my felf with, is, that For- 
 *' tune has given me a Place among your Dreams ; 
 *' tho' I can't tell, but the very Dreams of fo fublimc 
 *' a Soul as yours, may be too ferious and reafonable to 
 " defcend fo low as Me : And I fliould think my felf 
 **. too kindly us'd by you, if you had only dreamt that 
 
 R 5 " you 
 
^^4^ "The kKTS of 
 
 *' you lov'd me. For to imagine you cou'd afford mc 
 *' any Room among thofe great Thoughts which ard 
 ** bufied in making Diltributions of Glory, and are to 
 ** be the Reward of all the Virtues in the World. I 
 *' have too good an Opinion of your Wit, to conceive it 
 *' capable of Meannefs ^ and I would not that your E- 
 <' nemies ihould have that to reproach you with. 
 
 *' I HAVE feen nothing of yours finceyour Departure, 
 ^* which does not feem to me to be above what you have 
 ** yet done 3 and by thefe lafl Produftions, you have 
 ** gain'd the Honour of furpaflinghim who has furpafs'd 
 V all others. 
 
 "All that are jealous of the Kingdom's Honour, do 
 *' no more inform themfelves of what the Marefchal de 
 ** Crequi is doing. We have more than two Generals 
 " at the Head of Armies, who do not make fb much 
 *' Noife with Thirty' Thoufand Men as you do in your 
 " Solitude. If that Law was in Ufc amongfl us, which 
 ^' perm.itted the Banishing the moft Powerful either in 
 *' Authority or Reputation, I believe the publick Envy 
 *' would light upon you 5 and that the C^irdinal ds 
 ♦' Ricblieu would not be in fo much Danger as your 
 « felf. 
 
 This Letter of Voiture to 'Balzac^ has plainly two 
 Edges ; the one to rally jSalzctc for his Hyperbolical 
 Way of Writing ; the other, to fhew he cou'd imitate 
 it if he did not defpife it. Voiture never wrote fo when 
 he foUow'd his own Genius, You have him always in 
 Sight when he feems to be moil in the Clouds 5 as in 
 what he fays of the Duke d'j^n^uiefi''s taking 2)«»- 
 kfrk. *' Eloquence, which of little Things can make 
 ^' greatj cannot, with all her Enchantments, rife up ta 
 " the Height of your Aftions j and what, as to other 
 *' Men, Jhe qalls Hyperbole, is as to you, but a faint Way 
 *^ of Thinking and Speaking". 'Tis on fuch Gccafions 
 as theie, that ^dntilia}} allows the boldeft Hyperbole 
 to^ be rather a Perfcftion of Difcourfe, than a Defeft. 
 ^Jar/i Hyperbole Virtus^ cum res ipfa de qua loqiiendum 
 ejl naturalc?;2 modum excejfit. Conceditiir emm amplius 
 alcercy quia did quantum eft^ non potejl^ meliufque ultra 
 qihlnz citra ftat Qratio. "Fis plain, the Lord Lmfdowt^ 
 had all this in View in the following Lines. 
 
 Hyperboica 
 
L o G i c K and Rhetoric k. 247 
 
 Hyperbolesyo daring mi fo hold, 
 'J)ifdaimng Sounds, are yet by Rules controuVdj 
 Above the Clouds^ but yet lalthin our Sights 
 7'hey mounts isoitb Truths and make a toia'rirtg 
 
 CFligbt^ 
 TreJ'enting 'Things impojjible to View, 
 ^hey 'Wander through Incredible to True. 
 Faljhoods thus mixt, like Metals are refin^d^ 
 And Truth, like Silver, leaves the Drofs behind: 
 Thus Poetry has ample Space to f oar, 
 Nor needs forbidden Regions to explore,, 
 
 'Pere Souhours obferves, That when the Subjefl 
 treated of does in fome wife exceed the Limits of na- 
 tural Valour, fuch as the Prince of Conde's Conqueft of 
 iDunkirk againft all human Appearances, himfelf a 
 young Commander, and the Enemy an old experienced 
 General, with a fuperior Force : It is then allowable 
 to exceed a little the Limits of Hyperbole, and to fay 
 more than you Ihould, becaufe you cannot fay fo much 5 
 and it is better to go beyond, than come Ihort of the 
 Truth. Thus Ifocrates being about to defcribe Xerxes^s 
 Irruption into Greece, with an Army of a Million of 
 Men, and a Fleet of izco Gallies, fays very a. propoSy 
 Whatever Orator would /peak of it to Excefs^ would fiill 
 fay lefs than it was. 
 
 I F Sahac had made ufe of Hyperboles oiily on fuch 
 Occafions as thele, his Exaggerations wou'd have been, 
 at leaft, pardonable, and his Sublime as good as Voi- 
 ture\ But the Truth is, the one is very different from 
 the other ; and if we examine into it a little, we fhall 
 find Salzac in the high Tone, tho' h;s Subject does 
 not dcferve it : Whereas Voiture feldom rifes, but when 
 his Subject is worthy of Elevation. Indeed, he enters 
 fometimes into the Character of Lyfias, who, in the 
 Opinion of T>iony(ius Halicarnajfdms, is, with all his 
 Naivety and Simplicity, fomewhat upon the Bombaft. 
 Simplex ejfe raavult quam cum aliquo periculo Sublii/zis, 
 nee tarn artificium oftendit, quain naturalem veritatei/Z. 
 De Orat. Antiq. Like thofe Rivers whofe Gourfe is re- 
 gular, and Waters clear, yet they fometimes overflow. 
 Aiquo fublimior^ magnificent lor in Tanegyricis. Judic. 
 de Ifocrat. But Foiture's Hyperboles were never of the 
 K.ind of thofe that became' frigid by the Excefs. £x 
 
 R 4 fuperlationp 
 
248 Tbe ARTS of 
 
 fuperlatione fententi(e^ i$ ex eo quod fieri nequit^ /^%'- 
 ditas nata ejt. Demet. Phalcr. de Eloc. Such is that 
 Hyperbole^ where it is faid of the Rock which the Cy- 
 clops threw againll Ulyjfes\ Ship, that the Goats graz'd 
 upon it. Malherbe^ who is generally juft and di^reet, 
 offends fometimes in the fame Manner, by too much 
 Tumour 3 or to fpeak more figuratively, this pure and 
 peaceable River Iwells on a fudden into a Torrent, 
 which makes great Havock, and falls as from Precipices. 
 'Tis thus when he compares the Tears of the Queen- 
 Mother, Mary de NediciSy for the Death of Henry IL 
 to the overflowing of the Seine. 
 
 L'image dc ces pleurs dbnt la fburce fecondc 
 Jamais depuis ta mort fes vaiffeaux n'a taris, 
 Celt la Seine en fureur qui deborde fon onde 
 Sur la quais de '■Paris. 
 
 7'he Seine "xhen furious, o^er his Sanks he rifes^ 
 And on the Keys of Paris rolls his JVaveSy 
 Is the true Imt?-^e of her 'Tears j ivhofe Source 
 Since Henry '5 i)eath, has never ceas'd to flo-iv. 
 
 His Vcrfes on the Repentance of St. ^eter, have fome- 
 thing in them more violent Hill than this : 
 
 C'eft alors que fes cris en tonnerres s'eclatent : 
 Ses foupirs fe font vents qui les chenes combatent 5 
 Etfcs pleurs qui tantot defcendoient moUement, 
 Reffemblent un torrent qui des hautes montagnes 
 Ravageant & noyant Ics voifines campagnes, 
 Veut que tout I'Univers ne foit qu'un element. 
 
 And now his Crie^ break out in Claps of Thunder^ 
 His Sighs are furious Winds at War -with Oaks , 
 His Tears that fometimes fell in gentle Showers, 
 Are like a Torrent nonx), which from the Tops 
 Of Mountains^ wafte and drown the NeighFrhg 
 And into one turns all the Element s> {Country, 
 
 MAL HER S is not often guilty of fuch Rants, nor 
 docs he often tbrget himfclf as he does here, tho' the 
 Sublime may be carried farther in Vcrfc than in Profe ; 
 and P'oetry admits of bolder Thoughts than Eloquence, 
 but that Boldncfs ought to have its Bounds, ?jid evei; 
 
 the 
 
L o G 1 c K and Rhetoric k. 249 
 
 the Marvellous in an Epick Poem, becomes ridiculous 
 as foon as it exceeds Verifimility. 
 
 I KNOW not how it came about, but our Poets in Eng- 
 land^ when they fiatter'd KingCbarles II. or his Brother^ 
 tho' they fly their Fancies as high as they can, yet there 
 is ever fomething fiat in them 5 and the Lanthem in 
 the Tail of their Kite, feemsonly to have a Snuff in it. 
 Whether it was from the Want of Genins in the one, or 
 of Heroifm in the other, I dare not determine : jDrydett 
 in his 'J'hrenodia Jlugujlalis^ a Pindaric upon King 
 Charles's Death, endeavours to rife as high as Heaven, 
 but he falls precipitate as often as he attempts it 5 nay, 
 he is reduc'd to fteal this Hyperbolical Simile from the 
 Italian Poet who wrote on the King of Spain's Death, 
 as is before hinted. 
 
 j^s if great Atlas from his Height^ 
 Should Jink beneath his Heavenly Weighty 
 
 j^nd 'with a mighty Flaw the flaming IFall^ 
 As once it fioally 
 
 Should gape Immenfe^ and rufjing do-wn o^er-whelm 
 
 (the Nether Sail 5 
 
 ^0 fwift and fofurprizing 'was our Fear, 
 
 Our Atlas fell indeed, but Hercules --was here. 
 
 One of the moft barefac'd Thefts I ever met with. 
 
 Or che vacilla il mondo 
 
 Premate O Mondi. Or che cadente il cielo 
 
 Refto I'Alcide a foftener il mondo 
 
 Paffe I'Atlante a dominar il cielo. 
 
 'Pere Souhours fays of it, Fancy could not fly higher ; 
 and 'Pegafus carried away that Poet into imaginary Space, 
 into the Void, or whatever the Mind can imagine be- 
 yond Nature and Reafon : Yet this very Thought has 
 Mr. 2)ryden ftolen to complement King Charles. And 
 I wonder why the Lord Lanfdo-zvn, in that excellent 
 Poem upon unnatural Flights, which can never be too 
 much admired and prais'd, iliould fliy of him 5 
 
 I'o a 'wild Audience he conformed his Voice, 
 Co77iply^d to Cujlom, but not err'd thro' Choice. 
 ^eem then the Peoples, not the Writer's Sin^ 
 Almanzor's Rage, and Rants c/Maximin. 
 
 T'haf 
 
250 Tae ARTS of 
 
 ^hat Furyfpent, in each elaFrate ^iece. 
 
 He vies for Fame ■iicith antient Rome and Greece. 
 
 Father SouhourSy to whofe Judgment I am fa- 
 tisfy'd his Lordfhip pays the greateft Deference, muft be- 
 out in his Opinion of the Italian's Thought, or 'Dry den 
 had nothing at all of antient Rotne and Greece in him, 
 when he committed this Robbery. He mull here err 
 out of Choice, or he wou'd not have wander'd fo far as 
 Italy for it. In the fame Poem, the 'Tbrenodia, the 
 Hyperbolical, and the Frigid are all ftrangely confound- 
 ed 3 as where the Poet fpeaks of the Peoples Prayers for. 
 the King's Recovery. 
 
 •I'lf inmrnerable Croud 
 
 Of armed 'Frayers^ 
 KnociCd at theGateiof Heavent and knocked aloud. 
 
 "What Image is here but the Rapping of Footmen ! 
 
 7'he firjl 'zvell-meaning rude 'Petitioners y 
 All for his Life affaiVd the 'Throne , {oivn. 
 
 Ml --Jiould have brib'd the Skies, by offering up his 
 
 So great a Throng not Heaven itjfelf could bar, 
 'Fkvas aVmof born by Force, as in the Gyant''s War 5 
 
 The Prayers, at leafl, for his Reprieve 'were heardy 
 His Deaths like Hezekiah^'s,- "joas defer'd. 
 
 H E R e's the Gyanfs War and Hezekiah, the Fable 
 and the Sible in a Breath. If the Prayers were like the 
 Aflaults of the Gyanfs, they never reach'd Heaven : 
 But allowing it had been foftened by fome fuch Expref- 
 lion, as it is fabled of the Gyants, yet the blending of 
 Scripture-Hiftory with the Fabulous, is intolerable j and 
 has not the Icaft Look of Flaborate. 
 
 Again, of the tw:o Po6lors ♦S'/.^ori?. and HobbcSy in the 
 fame Poem, 
 
 Was never lofing Game 'with better ConduEl playd : 
 ^eath never 'won a Stake 'with greater Toily 
 Nor e'er-zvas Fatefo near a Foil. 
 
 Of which I have no clearer Idea, than of another Thought 
 of Mr. 'Dryden's on Fate. 
 
 Jind follow Fate, ivhich does toofajl purfue. 
 
Li o G I c K 'an<^ R h e t o r i c k. '45 f 
 
 I HAVE faid already, and cannot fay it too often, that 
 no Man has a better Conception of the Beauty of Mr. 
 ^ryden^s Languarge, Veriification, and Imagination, 
 I mean as to the Latter, where his Fancy is in Mid-Air, 
 neither out of Sight, above the Clouds, nor low and 
 flat 5 in which happy Medium we very often find it. 
 He is the Father of our prefent Numbers j and as fuch, 
 deferves Refpeft, but not Adoration. 
 
 Some have thought that the fmaller Poems, Elegies, 
 Epitaphs, and the like, are not fo fcrupuloufly confin'd 
 to Rules as the greater Poems are 5 but Tere Soubours 
 tells us they are, with refped to Thoughts, if the Mat- 
 ter be grave and ferious j and nothing can be more 
 {erious and grave, than a King in the Agonies of Death : 
 tDryden facrifices the Honour of King 'David to his 
 Mafter's. 
 
 'ithat King who Uvd to God's own Heart, 
 Tet lefsferenely dfd than He. 
 
 I think we have had enough of that Poem, fo we fhall 
 proceed as the French Critick does. 
 
 Hyperbole and Exaggeration ought to be banifla'd from 
 Poetry, when they are not within Bounds. There's an 
 Epigram on the Louvre, which out-does that oi Martial 
 on the Palace of Tiomitian, in Exaggeration. 
 
 Quand je voi ce Palais que tout le monde admire 5 
 
 Ijoin de I'admirer, je fbupire 
 
 De le voir ainfi Iimite. i 
 
 Quoi, prefcrire a mon Prince un lieu qui le reflerre ! 
 
 Une fi grande Majefte ' ' ^ 
 
 A befoin de toute la terre. 
 
 When this Palace I behold 
 
 Which all the World admire^ 
 Tar from admiring it^ I figh, 
 
 To fee it fo confined. 
 Jj^hat to my 'Prince a Tlacefo clofe prefcribc^ 
 
 In the whole Earth there is not Room 
 
 For fo much Majefiy ? 
 
 Moft of the Inlcriptions on the Louvre, contain the fame 
 ifextravagance of Thought. 
 
 Nee 
 
[252 ne ARTS of 
 
 Nee tales Roma: vidit fibi Jupiter xdes : 
 Jove ne'er hadfucJo a Houfe as this in Rome. 
 Nee talem coluit Roma fuperba Jovcm. 
 Rome never ivorpip'd fuch a Jupiter. 
 Artoniti tantae molis novitate Nepotes, 
 Mirari ceflent 3 Regia Solis erat. 
 
 ^ofterity ajlonip'd 
 
 Jit the Magnificence of this StruBure^ 
 
 Ceafe to admire it : 
 
 ^T'xvas the Palace of the Sun. 
 
 Fa t h e b. Soiihotirs is of Opinion, that the follow- 
 ing Infcriptions are lefs Bombaft, and lefs Brillant 3 but 
 at the fame Time, very Noble. 
 
 The Firil, 
 
 Pande fores populis, fublimis Lupara : non eft 
 Terrarum imperio dignior ulla domus. 
 
 Open thy Gates, proud Louvre, to the 'People 
 
 Of the World's Empire : T'here's no Houfe fo "jcorth^ 
 
 This, according to our Jefuit, favours very much of the 
 Augnflan Age, in the fame Proportion as the Owner of 
 it refcmbled jugufius. 
 
 The next too is as fine. 
 
 Quid valeat bello Lodoix centum oppida monftranL 
 Alonftrat quid valeat pace, vel una domus. 
 
 ji hundred conquefd Cities make appear 
 
 What Lewis can do in War 5 
 And the Worlds by this 'Palace^ fees 
 
 What he can do in 'Peace. 
 
 Without the Help of Father Souhours, one might 
 have found out, that the Italian Verfes on the French 
 King's Bult, done by Cavalier Sernino, and the Cava- 
 lier's Anfwcr, are in the vicious Kind of the Sublime. 
 The Pedcftal for the Buft not being made, an Italian 
 Poet had this Fancy come into his Head upon it ; 
 
 Entro Bcrnino in un penfier' profondo, 
 Per fir al Regio bufto un bel foftegno 5 
 E difle, non trovandone alcun degno 3 
 Piccola bafc a un' tal' Monarca I il mondoo 
 
 Bernino 
 
L o G I c K and R h e t o r i c k. 253 
 
 Bernino Jiudytng ho-iso to make 
 
 For the King's Sufi a "Pedeftal, 
 Cou'dfind none --jcorthy. 'The "xhole WorWs a Safe 
 
 Too little for [0 great a Monarch. 
 
 The French Author tells us, Sernino himrdf return'd 
 this Anfwer. 
 
 Mai mi fovenne quel' penfier' profbndo, 
 Per far di Re fi grande appogsio degno y 
 Van farrebbe il penfier', cne di foftegno 
 Non e meftier', a chi foftiene il mondo. 
 
 What need of fiudying hoiv to make 
 Ought to fufiainfo great a King 5 
 He 'Who fupports the Worlds ivants no Support, 
 
 These Verfes were, doubtlefs, made for Sernino^ 
 as well as the following. That Sculptor had carv'd an 
 Equellrian Statue of the King at Kojne, the fame which 
 is at VerfaiUes : Upon this a Dialogue was written be- 
 tween the Capitol and Sernino. The Capitol complains 
 that having been always the Place of Triumphs, this new 
 Triumphcr is to be plac'd elfewhere. Sernino replies, 
 
 E' vero che il tuo luogo o quello di Trionfanti ; 
 Ma' dove e il gran Luigo, e il Campidoglio. 
 
 True, Thine ivere all that triumph'd in old Times y 
 Sut --where Great Lewis is, there's tw-ixi the Capitol. 
 
 Though this Flattery is in Italian, the Spirit of it 
 came from French Money ^ and there is fomething fb 
 miferable in all of it, that nothing can be more gratmg. 
 If the Flatterers thought fuch Kings could bear it, they 
 muft defpife them 5 and if the Kings thought fuch 
 Flatterers were in earnefl, they muft look upon them as 
 defoicable Wretches. Thus the Givers and the Takers 
 mull either not know one another, or aft againft Know- 
 ledge 5 which reduces them to the molt lamentable State 
 of Weaknefs or Ignorance. 
 
 If the Admirers of French Panegyrick did but fee 
 one of their Hyperboles put into a coarfcr Drefs, how 
 would they laugh at the Statue to which they bow , 
 inftead of an Atlas make a Colojfus of the Grand Mo- 
 narchy and then fee huw it looks : 
 
l54 ^'^^ ARTS of 
 
 I'he great CohJJliS which at Rhode, 
 Over the fpackm Haven fir ode ^ 
 Was but a T>-zvarf compar''d to thee 5 
 ^hy Legs wou'dfiride acrofs the Sea 5 
 At Calais oney and one at Dover, 
 Or ivere it ten times farther over. 
 
 There are few Infcriptions, Mottos, few PoemSj 
 and Harangues on the fame Subje£l, but have Thoughts 
 in them more extravagant than this is : The World is not 
 big enough to hold one Le'wis : Wherever the other is 
 'tis the Capitol. And when Wefiminfter-Hall had no 
 more room for Trophies, the Triumpher carry 'd the Ca- 
 pitol about in the Coach with him. This is all faid 
 with grave Faces 5 though it will turn the moft grave 
 into the moft merry ones. Yet 'Pere Souhours vouches 
 that there is la veritable Grandeur in, 
 
 Ma dove e il gran Luigo, e il Campidoglio. 
 
 Sut '■jchere great Lewis is, there'* s now the Capitol. 
 
 So it would be, in a poetical Senfe, if his Triumphs had 
 been really greater than thofe of the Ca77iillus's, the 
 Fabius\ the Scipio's, the Por/ipe^fs^ ^c. The Thought, 
 however, is taken from another faid of the great CamilluSf 
 that where he was there was Rome. And a French 
 Poet, fpeaking of a i?.o;;2<3'/;, refines upon it, 
 
 Rome n'eft plus dans Rome ; elle eft toute ou je fuis. 
 
 Rome is no more in Rome, but-uohere I am. 
 
 The French Criticks Confcience is a little fcrupulous 
 here, and thinks 'tis too much 5 but the fix following 
 Verfes, which a Bifhep of France put under a Buft of 
 the King's in his Epifcopal Palace is not exaggerated in 
 his Opinion : 
 
 Ce Heros, la terreur, I'amour de I'Univers 
 Avoit des ennemis en cent climats divers : 
 Leurs efforts n'ont fervi qu'a le combler de gloire 5 
 Son nom les fit trembler, fon bras les a defaits 3 
 Enfin las d'entafler viftoire fur viftoire, 
 Maitre de leurs deftins, il leur donne la paix. 
 
 1'his Heroy the Love and 7'error of the Worlds 
 Had in a hundred different Climates Foes 5 
 Their Efforts onlyfervd to raife his Glory 5 
 
 They 
 
tjOGiCK and Kh^tokickI 255 
 
 ^hey tremUed at his Name, his Arm defeaed them. 
 Weary y at lajl, of Conquejl upon Conqiiejl^ 
 And Mafier of their Fate, he gives them 'Peact. 
 
 After all, fays Tere Souhours, one cannot but 
 take kindly what the Italian faid of the King, though 
 fbmewhat in Excefs 5 becaufe it /hews what a high Idea 
 Strangers had of our invincible Monarch. But I have 
 other Ideas of him before me, which are much more 
 agreeable to the Truth : The firft is by Mr. Addifofiy 
 the fineft Wit of the prefent Age, with whom France 
 has no Body to name. He is fpeaking of Sritannia, 
 her Fleets and Armies : 
 
 fZl??' ambitious Gaul beholds -isoith fecret ^read. 
 Her thunder aim'd at his afpiring Head 5 
 And fain her God-like Sons ivou'd difunite^ 
 Sy foreign Gold, or by domefiick Spite i 
 jBut firives in vain to conquer or divide. 
 Whom Naflau'5 Arms defend, and Counfels guide. 
 
 Mr. Congreve, another fine Wit, for whom France 
 has no equal, writes thus of King Willi ant, whom Soileau 
 had libeil'd in his Speech to the French Academy, and 
 «f Leivis XIV. whom he had at the fame time deify'd. 
 'Tis in the Sirth of the Mufe. 
 
 Already routed Foes his Fury feel. 
 And fly the Force of his unerring Steet. 
 
 ^he haughty Gaul 
 
 At^ hisforefeen Approach the Field for fakes. 
 His Cities tremble, and his Empire pakes ; 
 His tO'-wring Enfigns long bad aiv'd the 'Plain, 
 And Fleets audacioujly ufurp'd the Main. 
 A gathering Storm hefeem'd, ivhichfrom afar, 
 Teeiri'd^joith aUeluge of deftruBive War 5 
 217/ y^i\Yi2in\s fironger Genius foafd above. 
 And do-zvn the Skies the daring T'empeft drove. 
 
 O F this great Monarch's Method to get ViiSories and 
 Cities we are inform'd by Mr. Prior, in his lalt men- 
 tion'd Imitation oi Horace : 
 
 Ho-x' long, deluded Albion, 'ivilt thou lie 
 In the lethargick Sleep, the fad Repofe, 
 
 In --xhich thy clofe, thy conftant Enemy, 
 Hasfcftly hilPd thee to thy JVoes ? 
 
256 I'he ARTS of 
 
 Or iicdket degenerate IJky or ceafe to owft 
 What thy old Kings ingallkk Campi have done. 
 
 The degenerate Ifle alludes to the Reigns from the 
 Death of Queen Elizabeth to the Abdication of King 
 jfamei^ which Mr. Congreve calls a Series of inglorious 
 Reigns. And Trior has another Fling at them in the 
 fame Poem : 
 
 See the repenting IJle a'wakeSy 
 
 Her vicious Chains the generous Goddefs breaks 5 
 
 ^he Fogs around her Temples are difpell'd. 
 
 Bright. 
 
 Thefe Fogs are what Mr. JSchardy in his Hiilory, calls 
 the Northern Star in one Place, the glorious Sun-pine 
 in another j and Beauty and Luftre from one End of 
 the Period to the other. And when the Hifiory of 
 England, during the Reigns of the royal Houfe of 
 Stuart is publifh'd, it will be fecn that they fpoke 
 more like Hiftorians than Poets. The Readers now, 
 perhaps, will be able to ftand the Fire of a certain Ita- 
 lian Poet, who is going to fire all his Artillery in Honour 
 of Ze-zV'is the Great. Father Souhours, affeding every 
 where to give his Examples of Eloquence, by quoting 
 thofe Pieces where that King is moft flattcr'd : 
 
 Bellicofe Provincie, e Rocche horrende 
 
 Gia de piii prodi inciampo, 
 
 Un' raggio fol' caftaro 
 
 De la mente regal, de I'armi un lampo. 
 
 Whole Tro'vinces^ and dreadful Citadels^ 
 Which had for others been the Work of Tears ^ 
 With one RefleElion of his royal Alind^ 
 One Slaze of his vi&orious Arras ^ he conquers. 
 
 Again, 
 
 A varie ed alte imprefe appena intende, 
 
 Che air or veloce al paro 
 
 D'eir Eroico penfier, vien la vittoria : 
 
 He of his various and high AEls fcarce thinks j 
 Sut ViHory comes as faji as T'hought. 
 
 Again, 
 
 Son deftin' delle genti i fuoi penfieri 
 Da lui pendono i fati. 
 
 a His 
 
ii o G r c K and R h e t o r i c k. > j7 
 
 Hh T'boughts are Defiinies to Nations^ 
 And, Fate depends on him. 
 
 That is, Lcjch XIV. is above Jo^e the Thunderer ; for 
 we read in Mr. !Dry den's Preface to Virgil y that Mr, 
 JMoylc told him Fate was above jFove. However, the 
 Italian Poet and the French Critick do not leave off 
 there : 
 
 Egli sa fulminar folo col' tuono 5 
 
 Piu vince il fuo voler che I'altrui gUerra. 
 
 He knows ivith his Name only hoiu to thunder j 
 And by his Rcfolutions can do more 
 'Than other Kings by Arms. 
 
 Once more and we have done with the Italian ^ of 
 whofe fulfome Flattery we are heartily both weary and 
 afliani'd 5 yet as grofs as it is, it did not rife in the 
 Stomach oi Lewis XIV. whofe iHgeflion^ as to Paneg)'- 
 rick, was like that of an Ojlrich : 
 
 Eccho in feno alia Francia or' fbn coftretti 
 
 Con I'onde pellegrine 
 
 Abbocarfi il Tireno, e I'Oceano. 
 
 La Grecia vantatrice il picciol tratto 
 
 Tento cavar del fuo Cormto in yano, 
 
 Omai Luigi ha tratto 
 
 Mare a mar piu lontano 
 
 Quad fua forza, e fuo faper profondo 
 
 Sia migliorar' la fimmetria del mondOi 
 
 A te Luigi ha'l Creator ferbato. 
 
 Lewis, a Shame to Greece, who trfd in vain. 
 To cut through Corinth'i ijlhmus a Canal^ 
 Has to the Ocean joined the Tyrrhene Sea^ 
 To render, by his Wifdom and his \Powery 
 More perfe5f Jiilly the Symmetry of the World. 
 Gody who pcrceivd how ufeful it would be^ 
 Lewis, the mighty Task referv'dfor Thee» 
 
 . Father Souhours owns, that tho' he forgives all this 
 Extravagance in a Poet on the other Side ot" the Moun- 
 tains, yet he could hardly forgive it in a French Man. 
 For he adds, the French Genius is of another Temper 
 than the Italian ; and they can bear nothing in France 
 but La Veritable Grandeur. Again, True Greatnefs^ 
 >ind what follows out of one of their molt celebrated Au- 
 
 S thors. 
 
'258 Tbe ARTS of 
 
 thors, is not, in his Opinion, at all Vain-glorious, but 
 truly Great. *Tis on King Lezvls's paffing the Rhine . 
 Of which we have heard enough already. 
 
 Pe tant de coups afifreux la tempefte orageufe 
 Tient un temps fur les eaux la Fortune douteufc : 
 Mais Louis d'un regard fcait bientot la fixer 5 
 Le dcftin a fes yeux n'oferoit balancer. 
 
 So loud the Storm, fo thick the 'Terapejl gro-ws, 
 I'hat Fortune fcarce to chufe her Tarty^ hioivSy 
 ^4 ivbilepe jlandi 5 but "xhen fne Lewis vieixi^ 
 She is no longer at a Lofs to chufe. 
 One Glance of his foon turns the doubtful Scale ^ 
 And -'jchcre he looks., pe lets the Sallancc fall. 
 
 FATHE.R jBouhours excufes the Poet, by faying, he 
 docs not mean the 'Dcftinies in general depend on the 
 King 5 he only fpeaks of the Dcftiny of the War. The 
 Syftem of his Thought is entirely Poetical, and he might 
 therefore lawfully introduce Fortune. He concludes 
 thus, *' And as the Prefcnce of a Prince, fo magnani- 
 *' mous as ours, renders the Soldiers invincible, he 
 ** might fay Poetically, 
 
 Mais Louis d'un regard fcait bientot la fixer, 
 Le deftin a {cs yeux n'oferoit balancer. 
 
 One Glance of his foon turns the doubtful Scale, 
 And -where he looks^ fie lets the Sallance fall. 
 
 *' As much as if he had faid. As foon as Le-ivis ap- 
 *' pear'd, the Army was furc of Victory. Is there any 
 ** Thing extravagant in this ? And was not all Europe . 
 *' a Witnefs of ib furprizing a Truth ? " All Europe 
 was agreed in Part of what he faid, that the French 
 Army was fure of Victory if their King was among them ; 
 for it is not pretended that he ever undertook an En- 
 terprize in Perfon, but he was fure of having the Coun- 
 try or City deliver'd to him ; and the Soldiers could not 
 fail of Vidory. Let us remember what we quoted out of 
 ^rioTy ipeaking to this very French Poet, and others, 
 
 Againji his Willy you chain your frighted King 
 On rapid Rhine's divided Sed. 
 
 And a Line or two before he told us, how we came by 
 all this Panegyrical Sublime. " 
 
 lif 
 
L o G I c K and R H E T o R I c K. 259 
 
 /// vain you Gallic Mufes Jlrivey 
 With laboiir\l Verfe to keep his Fame alive 5 
 Tour mouWring Monuments in vain you raife 
 On the --weak Hafts of the Tyrant's 'Praife, 
 Tour Songs are fold, your Numbers are profane. 
 
 I T is Mr. 'Prior who fays it, the f;imc Mr. Prior ^ 
 who, if he had not more Money of the French King than 
 ever Scileau had, made but a forry Bufinefs of it, con- 
 fidering how much it muft coil a generous Mind to be 
 ungrateful 3 and a Lover of Liberty to ferve the Intereft 
 of the Tyranny he had himfelf condemned. Monfieur 
 '£oileaUy in his firft Epiftle to the King, has a Line or 
 two whicli is very noble, v.'ithout the Exaggeration we 
 are treating of j and why could not 'E^ih.Gr Scuhoun 
 have inferted it inftead of ibme others. 
 
 Fortune and Fame the daring Chief advance, 
 Rome has her Ctefars, and her Bourbons France. 
 
 As there had been many illuftrious Warriors of the 
 Houfe of 'Bourbon, King Le-zvis might have ftood with 
 them, in the Comparifon to the Ccefars, without any 
 Offence to Decency and Modefty. Inilead of this we 
 have thefe Verfes of the fame Poet, which, he tells us^ 
 are full of Enthufiafm. 
 
 O que le-Ciel foigneux de notre poefie, 
 Grand Roi, ne nous fit-il plus voilins de I'Afic ? 
 Bientot viftoricux de cent peuples altiers, 
 Tu nous aurois fourni det rimes a milliers, 
 
 lie adds in the fame Tone, 
 
 Qiiel plaiflr de te fuivre aux rives Scamandre, 
 D'y trouver d'llion la poetique cendre 5 
 De juger fi les Grccs qui briferent fes tours, 
 Firent plus en dix ans que Louis en dix jours- 
 
 TFou'd Heaven, in Favour to our Celtick Strains^ 
 Great King, had led thy Jrms to Afian Plains 3 
 AThoufandRhimes ha'doffefd to our Softg, 
 And Numbers ivou'd about the Subject throng : 
 A Thoufand Nations 'we hadfoon fubdu'd, 
 Andpafs\i, --with Atuficky many a Phrygian Flood. 
 
 He adds, 
 
 How fjccetly -zvou'd Scamander'i Theme employ 
 The Mufe^ and ho-w the tuneful Wars of Troy. 
 
 Si /;> 
 
2^o "the A R T S ^/ 
 
 We then might haveexamin'din our Lays^ 
 Jf Thou •ivoiild'fl in that Siege havefpent ten 7)ayiy 
 Which cofi the Greeks as many Tears complete^ 
 With Hofis united^ and Confederate Fleet. 
 
 As I contented my felf with the Tranflation of 
 Soileau, I Ihall lofe fome of the Spirit of the Origi- 
 nal. The Thought, as '^Pere Souhours will have it, 
 is ftrong, but then it is reafonable, becaufe it is not ex- 
 prefs'd in the Affirmative, as in two othe r Verfes by 
 another Poet, which are very like Soikau's. 
 
 Et ton bras endix jours a plus fait a nos yeux. 
 Que la Fable en dix ans n'a fait faire a les Dieux. 
 
 Thy Arm has in ten 1)ays done raore 
 Seforc our Eyes^ than in ten TearSy 
 The Fable made the Gods to do. 
 
 Yet the French Critick does not think there is too much 
 Strength in the Thought. For the Gods in the Ilias, 
 are wounded and routed, which puts the Heroes on a 
 Par with them : And Longinus tells us, that Homer did 
 his utmoft to make Gods of his Men who were at the 
 ^iQ^z of Troy 5 and Men of his Gods, by giving them 
 thofe weak and bafc Paffions, from which Great Men 
 are exempted 5 witnefs the Battle, where ^luto trem- 
 bles, and believes he is about to perifh, which Soileau 
 has admirably well tranflated. 
 
 L'enfer sVmeut au bruit de Neptune en furie, 
 Pluton fort de fon trone, il palit, il s'ecrie : 
 II a peur que ce Dicu dans cet affreux fcjour, 
 D'un coup de fon trident ne fafle entrer le jour, 
 Et par le centre ouvert de la terre ebranlee, 
 Ne fifle voir du Stix la rive defolee, 
 Ne dccouvre aux vivans cet empire odieux 
 Abhorre des mortels, & craint mcme des Dieux. 
 Hell at the Noife of Neptune'5 Fury rofe, 
 And Pluto pale and ho-zding left his Throne, 
 Afraid the God ivou'd rea'h thofe dire Abodes, 
 To the World's Center -with his Trident firikCy 
 And thro' the gaping Earth admit the 1)ay. 
 Thus leave the IJefart-Shoars of Styx expos\ly 
 And to the Living pe-iv his hated Realms, 
 Abhorr'd by Men, and dreaded e'en by Gods.^ , 
 
 Ilias 1. ic. 
 2 I 
 
 4 
 
L o G I c K and R h e t o r i c k. z6i 
 
 1 HAVE not always Mr. 'Pope's Homer by me, or I 
 would have compar'd this Tranflation of a Paflage in 
 him after SoileaUy with his Verfion, after the Original, 
 if it was fo, to have feen whether there had been any 
 Thing loft in the French, or, that Rhime was wanting 
 to keep up the Sublime. Tho' Father Souhours does 
 not quote this PafTagc as an Example of the Sublme, 
 propos'd tor Imitation ; yet Longinus introduces it with 
 crying out, Hcxfublime is that -ivhere he fays, 
 
 L'enfer s'emeut, ^c. Hell at the Noifey ^c. 
 
 T H o' it is not direftly to the prefent Purpofe, I can- 
 not forbear repeating what Longinus quotes out of thq 
 Bias immediately before it. 
 
 What Space a Man can from a lofty Rocky 
 On the Seas Margin in the Air behold 
 ^h' intrepid Courfers of th' Im?72ortal Gods 
 Leap at a Sound, Sic. Ilias 5. 
 
 H-E meafures the Extent of their Leap, fays the 
 Greek Critick, by that of the Univerfe. Who is there^ 
 that 'When he fees the Magnificence of this Hyperbole^ 
 does not cry out. If tho Horfes of the Gods --were to have 
 taken a fecond Leap, there had not been Space enough 
 in the World for them ? How many Images ftill greater 
 than this do we meet with in jlfilton ? Of which we have 
 already given Co many Inftances that more would be 
 needlefs. I do not repent me for having faid, That 
 Milton's Thoughts are more fublime than Virgil's • that 
 will appear fufficiently, if ever it /hould come into Dis- 
 pute : But I ought to have added, that the Subje6i of 
 the Paradife is lb infinitely more fublime than that 
 of the JEneis, 'twas impoffible but the Thought and 
 Expreflion muft participate of that Sublimity. Thq 
 Paflage in Homer about Pluto's being afraid of Nep- 
 tune's laying Hell open to Light, probably put a Thought 
 into a Portuguefe Auxhor's Head, who, fpeaking of a 
 I^ort in Japan, faid, the Ditch to it was fo deep, that 
 the Devils might well be afraid of a War coming upon 
 them, even in Hell. Q)ue parece fc abria para ir fazer 
 guerra a os 'Demonios no inferno. Which is not to be born, 
 with in Hiftory, however tolerable it may be in Poetry^ 
 as in 'Petrcnius, 
 
 S 5 — Jam, 
 
i6z ne kKTS of 
 
 Jam montibus hauftis 
 
 Antra gemunt, &: dum varies lapis invenit ufus, 
 Infcrni manes ccelum fperare jubentur. 
 
 So deep for M^.rble in the Hills they dugj 
 For Stones of various Ufe^ and various Kinds ^ 
 'The Shades hop'dfoon to fee the Light of Heaven. 
 
 LUC AN is more an Hiftorian than a Poet, in Fa- 
 ther Souhoufs Opinion, which Remark ought not to be 
 obje6ted againft him, if he does not refer to his Plan, 
 which is exactly Hiftorical ^ for as to his Sentiments 
 and Di6tion, he is every where Poetical. 
 
 Dr. JVehjiVody in his Prefatory Difcourfe before Ro-ive^s 
 Tranflationof /,//c^;7, repeats thefe two Verfcs, the finell 
 Paflage in the 'Pharfalia. 
 
 Phcenices primi, famae fi creditur, aufi 
 Menfuram rudibus voccni fignare figuris. 
 
 And indeed, there's hardly a finer Paffage in Virgil^ 
 or any other Claffick. Mr Rozi:€ tranflates them thus, 
 
 Phoenicians thus^ If aniient Tame ho triie^ 
 The f acred Myfery of Letters kne-iv. 
 They firft by Sound in various Lines defignW^ 
 JExprefs''d the Meaning of the Thinking Mind ; 
 The 'Poller of Words by Figures rude convey d^ 
 And ufeful Science everlafiing 7/2ade. 
 
 Srehuf has tranflated them much better. 
 
 C'eft delle que nous vicnt cot art ingenieux, 
 De peindre la parole & dc parler aux yeux, 
 Etpar les traits divers des figures. tracces. 
 Donnez de la Couleur.cc du Corps aux penfees. 
 
 The Merit of thefc four Lines ought to have fav'd 
 Srebeufi'rom that Lafh of ijoileau. 
 
 En tous' Lieux cependant la Pharfale approuve, 
 Saps crainte de mcs Vers va la T?te Levee. 
 
 Fp, VIII, 
 Novc in all Places the PharHxle appears 
 With Head creeled, nor 7ny Verfes Fears. ' 
 
 This fhews us that the generous, impartial, difcrcet 
 SSoileaUy was capable of fo poor a Paffion as Jcaloufy, 
 Cetoit line petite emulation qui avoit fait ainji parley 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. 263 
 
 M. des 'Prcaus. 'Twas a little Emulation that made 
 Monf. Boilcau talk fo. For by the following Vcrfion» 
 or Imitation of Srebeitf^ one may fee, that Mr. des 
 'Preaux /hould not have mentioned that Poet with the 
 
 Terrhts, the 'Pradofis, &c. 
 
 The noble Jrtfr'om Cadmus took its Rife 
 Of paintins; H'ords, and fpeakin^ to the Eyes : 
 He fir ft in ivond'rous Magick Fetters bound 
 \ '■'tije Airy Voice ^ end f opt the flying Sound ; 
 "I he various Figures by his 'Pencil -zvrought^ 
 Gave Colour and a 'Body to the Tif ought. 
 
 These Verfes are Mrs. Molefikorth^Sy Daughter to 
 that Noble Lord, the late Vifcount Molefzvorth, Au- 
 thor of the Account of 'Denmark., and the admirable 
 Preface to it ^ in which there reigns a Spirit of Liberty, 
 that render 'd the Noble Author truly worthy of the Ho- 
 nour His late Majefty confcrr'd on him. When one can 
 find fix better Lines, I will not only fay in the Tranfla- 
 tion of Virgil^ but alfo in that oi Homer y one may allow 
 them to be the bell Verfions, or Imitations in Englifjy 
 and not before. 
 
 The four Lines of Brebeuf made Corneille jealous 
 as well as "Boileau 9 the former tranflated them him- 
 felf to ruin Srebeuf's Reputation, and he fucceeded as 
 all fuch ungenerous Dcfigns do fiicceed. We have 
 niark'd what is Srebeufs, in the Italick Charafter. 
 
 Ceft d'elle que nous vient le fimeux Art d'ecrire, 
 C'efl^ Art ingenieux de parlcr fms ricn dire, 
 Et par les traits divers que notrc main conduit, 
 D'Attacher au Papier la parole qui fuit. 
 
 With Dr. JVekvood's leave, Mrs. Molefzvorth's Ver- 
 fion, or Imitation, feems as much after Corneille's Tran- 
 flation, as after Srebeufs. Corneille's fa7neux Art^ is 
 her noble Art ; his Ti'' Attach er au pa pier ^ is her Fetters 
 bound 5 his La parole qui fuit^ is her flying Sound : 
 But that beautifiil Line 
 
 Of painting Words ^ and fpeaking to the Eyes, 
 is Srebeuf's. So is that 
 
 Gave Colour and a Body to the Thought,, 
 
 Cornetllc\ is the baldeft Tranflation, or Imitation, of 
 them all. 
 
 S 4 Froj'it 
 
2^4 Tbe ARTS of 
 
 From Cadmus cams the nohle Art of Writings 
 'Th' ingenious Art to [peak a»d to fay nothing: 
 And as our Hand directs^ by diverfe Strokes^ 
 1*0 fix the flying Tford to Taper. 
 
 I N that other Paflage of Ltican which the French 
 Critick cites, where he is treating of the Deftruftion 
 pccafioned by the Battle of 'j^harfalia^ the Thought 
 is equally generous and bold. 
 
 Sut if our Fates fevcrely have decree dy 
 
 No Way but this for Nero to fucceed 5 
 
 Jf only thus our Heroes can be Gods, 
 
 And Earth mu^ pay for their divine Aboi^es, 
 
 If Heavn ccu'd not the 'Thunderer obtain, "7 
 
 ^Till Gyants Wars ?/iade Room for Jove to reign ^ ^ 
 
 ^Tis jujiy ye Gods, nor ought -zve to complain. J 
 
 I MUST repeat the very Words cS. Lucan, and we Ihall 
 then fee wnether the Tranflator has given us his. 
 Thought. 
 
 Jam nihil, O fuperi, querimur : Scelera ipfa nefafque, 
 Hac Mercede placent. Lib. I. 
 
 Of nothing no^w, ye Gods, Kve jhould complain. 
 At this TricCy Crimes the mofi enormous pleafe. 
 
 TLJNT has a Thought fomething like it, in his 
 Panegyrick upon Trajan, where he fpeaks of the Sol- 
 diers who had kill'd the Murderers of IZJow/V/V?;;, belie- 
 ving Ncrva in his Palace 9 " Too fure it will be an e- 
 ** tcrnal Blot upon the Age it was afted in : It was a 
 *' deep and wounding Blow given to the State, to be- 
 *' hold the Mafter and Father of the World, befieg'd, 
 *' taken, and imprifoned 5 diverted of the Power of 
 *' Pardoning, of the dearefl and fwecteft Prerogative 
 *' of Empire, to be exempt from Conftraint in all the 
 *' Actions of Life j yet if there was no other way for 
 *' you to undertake the Prefervation of the Common- 
 " we:jlth, by governing it, I could almoft venture to 
 *' fay, wc have not, even by that, p^id too dear for the. 
 *' HappineG we enjoy. Si t ant en hdc fola erat ratio. 
 "■'■ qu.£ i:e puhlide falutis gubernaculis admoverct : prop:; 
 *". ejt utcxclan^em, tanti fuiffe'*. There's nothing here 
 whkh oflfcnds good Manners, which there i« in what 
 
 ' •• Lucnn 
 
LOGTCK ^/Z^RhE T 6 RI C K. 26$ 
 
 Lucan Taid ; and where the Thought is hardcft, it is 
 foftenedby / coud almoji venture to fay : Yet Corneille's 
 Thought, where he makes the elder Horace fay, after 
 his younger Son had kiU'd the three Curatiis, whofe 
 Sifter was his Daughter-in-Law, and one of whom was 
 to have married his own Daughter, is better than y//>y;'s, 
 according to 'Pere 'Bouhours. 
 
 Roine triomphc d'Albe, 8c c eft affez ^our nous : 
 Tous nos maux a ce prix doivent nousetre doux. 
 
 Rom^ triumphs over Alba 3 thafs enough 
 For us i our Ills fiouU at f his ^ rice hjfkveer. 
 
 There is no Swelling in that Sublime j and if, as 
 Zonginus teaches us, fuch Swelling is vicious in Tra- 
 gedy, which is naturally pompous and magnificent, 
 what muft it be in common Difcourfe ; and can it be 
 avoided too carefully ? Hence it is that Gorgias is cen- 
 fured for calling VuUurs Living Sepukhers. He is the 
 fame who call'd Xerxes the Jupiter of the 'Per flans -^ 
 though Pcre Souhours did not tell us fo, Longinus 
 informs us that Gorgias was rally'd for both the one and 
 the other. However, Soileau thinks that Living Se- 
 pukhers might have paft in Profe, And Pere Souhours 
 fays Herfnogenes, who fiid the Author deferv'd a Se- 
 puicher himfelf, is as liable to be rally'd for it as Gorgias y 
 the Thought not being fo ridiculous as to provoke 
 Raillery. Valerius Maximus, fpeaking of Artcmifa^ 
 who drank the Afhes of Maiifolus, her Husband, had 
 good Reafon to term it a Living Sepulcher, ^lidde 
 illo inclyto tumulto loquare cum ipfa Maufoli vivum ac 
 fpirans Sepukhrum fieri coneupierit ? Lib. 4. c. 6. And 
 a great Man in France, having ereded a Pyramid of 
 flaming Hearts, for a Maufoleum in honour of Anne of 
 Aujlria, Wife to Le-jois XIII. with this Motto in Spanijh : 
 Ajjl Sepultada no es muerta , added thefe French 
 Verfes : 
 
 Paflant, ne cherche point dans ce mortel iejour 
 Anne de I'Univers & la gloire & I'amour 
 Sous le funefte enclos d'une tombe relante : 
 EUe eft dans tous les cceurs encore apres fa mort, 
 Et malgre I'injuftice & la rigueur du fort 
 pans ces vivans tombeaux cette Reine eft vivant^. 
 
 Seek 
 
166 The ARTS of 
 
 Se?k not for Anna, in this mortal Ti'weUing^ 
 Iha Love^ the Glory of the Univerfe j 
 'Think mr^ Oh Tajfen^er^ that pe'i inclosed 
 Within the Limits of this dufty Tomb^ 
 2Jeadf asjhe fceriis, pe lives in all our Hearts ; 
 She livss, in fpire of Fate's unjujt 2)ecree, 
 Within thefe living Torabs. 
 
 Mk. Congreve's Conclufion of his Paftoral Poem on 
 the Death of Queen Afary^ Confort to King miliam^ 
 who was indeed the Glory and the Love of the Uni- 
 verfe, has, in my Mind, a Fiftion which is more greatly 
 and beautifully imagin'd : 
 
 Sut fee, Menaleas, ivhere afudden Light 
 With Wonder fops my Song, and fir ikes my Sight 5 
 jind Ki'here Paftora lies it fpreads around. 
 Shelving all radiant bright the far red Ground ; 
 While from her Tomb behold a Flame afcends 
 Of -zvhitefi^ Fire, "jchofc Flight to Heav n extends! 
 On flaky Wings it mounts, and quick as LJght 
 Cuts thro' the yielding Air, ivith Rays of Lights 
 'Till the blue Fir?nament at lafl it gains, 
 Jlnd fixing there, a glorious Star remains. 
 
 I N a Poem, entitl'd, Triomphes de Louis le Jufie : 
 The Triumphs of Lewis XIII. It fliould have been 
 added under Alary de Medicis and Cardinal Richlieu 5 
 there is fomething noble enough, excepting where the 
 Poet plays on the Word Tomb, les tombeau% font tombez, 
 which is loft in Englifij 5 and, confequently, the Cri- 
 tick's Remark upon it : 
 
 Ces Rois qxii par tant dc ftruclures 
 
 Qui menacent encor le ciel de leurs mazures, 
 
 ^jTcrcnt allier par un barbare orgueil, 
 
 La pompe avec la mort, le luxe avec le deuil. 
 
 Auffi le temps a fait fur ccs maflcs hautaines 
 
 D'illullrcs chaftimens des vanitez humaines. 
 
 Ces tonibcaux font tombez, & ces fupcrbes Rois 
 
 Sous leur chute font morts une fcconde fois. 
 
 Thofe Kings, ivha byfo many Suiklings^ 
 Whofe Ruins threaten fill the Skies, 
 j^itempted, out of barbarous 'Pride, 
 Luxury and Mourning, to unite 
 
 Jnd 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. 2^7 
 
 And pomp 'With Death. jBut thofe huge Heaps 
 Havefe^t the Chafiifements of "Time j 
 ^bofe i'ombs are fain y and, the proud, Kings 
 Jfecond "tme are dead. 
 
 Juvenal has faid much better, 
 
 7'hat T'omhs, as zvell as Men, are doomed to perip.^ 
 Quandoquidem data funt iplis quoque fata fepulcris. 
 
 Sat, 10. 
 
 And Aufonius^ 
 
 Mors etiam faxis marmoribufque venit. 
 
 I^or Stones nor Marble arefrora "Death exempt. 
 
 The Thought of a fecond Death is plainly taken 
 from 'Boetius : 
 
 Q)uodJl putatis longihs vitara trahi 
 Mor talis aura nominis : 
 CiiViifera vobis rapiet hoc etiam dies 
 Jam vosfecunda mors manet. 
 
 He maintains, that the Reputation of the moft famous 
 Romans v/ill one time or other be extintl, and then 
 thofe great Men will die a fecond Time. 
 
 These four Lines of Mr. Congreve, in an Epitaph 
 on a Father and Son who were bury'd together, have 
 a Noblenefs and Simplicity which are preferable to any 
 thing ^Terc Souhours has given us on this Subject : 
 
 'J'his peaceful I'omh does now contain 
 
 Father and Son together lain ; 
 JVhofe living Virtues pall remain 
 
 When they and this are quite decayed. 
 
 1 WONDER why Father Souhours dwells fo long 
 on this Second Death j 1 do not fee any thing worth 
 taking notice of in any of his Examples. I fuppofe the 
 Charafter of the Poets might induce him to it 5 but as 
 he has not named them, our Curiofity cannot extend ib 
 far J and what is there in this, I pray, that's extraordinary ? 
 'Tis fpoken of the Ruin of the Statues of Abel and 
 Cain, among other llately Ruins in Egypt : 
 
 La le frere innocent Sc le frere aflaflln 
 Egalement caffcz ont une es;ale fin : 
 
 Le 
 
2(58 ne ARTS of 
 
 I>e temps qu'aucun rcfpeft, qu'aucun devoir ne bride, 
 A fait de tous les deux un fecond homicide. 
 
 27?^ Srother ivho ivas Jlain^ and he inho/le'M him^ 
 
 Equally broken , have a7i e^ual End 5 
 
 ^ni Ttimey that has regard to none^ 
 
 I'hat by no iDuty is refirain'd., 
 
 A fecond Murther has on both committed. 
 
 Father Souhours prefers the Second Life^ in the 
 following Verfes, to the Second Murder in thefe. They 
 are tranflated from a Greek Epigram upon a Child ; 
 who being caft away, was faved by taking hold of his 
 Father's Corpfe, which was floating on the Sea. The 
 Child is made to fpeak ; 
 
 Heaven y taking 'Pity on my Wrecks 
 
 When he beheld fny VeJJel perip^ 
 
 Trefented me a }ie-zv one, 
 
 'To recondu^ me fafe to Shoar j 
 
 Yet nothing on the Waves appear^dy 
 
 Nor Ship nor Mariner, no Hope 
 
 Was left me in my Mifery. 
 
 After a thoufand fruitlefs Effort Sy 
 
 I faix) dead Members floating near mCy 
 
 AlaSy 'zvhofe Members but my Fathefs ! 
 
 I kne-j) him, I e'mbracW him ^ 
 
 And on his Corpfe to Land 'ivasfafely borne : 
 
 Of Winds and Waves the Fury I efcap'd. 
 
 JIoiv dear to me 
 
 Should fuch a Father be. 
 
 Who t--wice has given me Life 5 by Land 
 
 One T'imey and once by Sea ? 
 
 The French Jefuit tells us, he had read fgme where 
 that Cornelia, having bury'd the Afhes of Pompeyy^ 
 which fhe kept by her inftead of her living Husband, 
 it fcem'd as if Jhe had loft him again, and was a 
 fecond time a Widow. Which is the bcft Thought of 
 all ot them j the reft are certainly a little upon tha 
 Fuftian, as is L^ucan fometimes j efpecially where he 
 would excel moft, he there feldom keeps within Bounds, 
 The Truth is, an Author who endeavours to rife high 
 may eafily over do it, it being very hard to ftop exa£l]y 
 where he ftioiild^ as Cicero docs, who, ^^cording ta 
 
 6)uin- 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. i6^ 
 
 ^imiliani never takes too much Wing, but preferves 
 his Judgment even in his Enthufiafm : Nonjupra rao- 
 diim elarus Tullius, Lib. 12. cap. 10. Very far from 
 being like thofe of whom Longinus fteaks. In the 
 Middle of that divine Fury, with which they imagine 
 themfelves inflam'd, they trifle and play the Children : 
 Cim videantur fibl ceii dlvino correptl CS? incitati furore^ 
 non bacchantufy fed nugantiir pueriliter. Our Critick 
 then blames a certain French Author, who has a fine 
 Fancy, and would have made an accomplifh'd Poet, had 
 he known how to have temper'd his Heat, which tranf- 
 ported him too much fometimes j as in thefe Verfes ; 
 
 Le Chevalier Chretien, pour aller a la gloire, 
 A plus d'une carriere, & plus d'une vifloire : 
 En tombant, il s'eleve, il triomphe en mourant, 
 Et prifonnier vainqvieur, couronne de fii chaifne, 
 II garde a £1 vertu la dignite de Reinc. 
 j4 Cbriftlan Knight^ to reach the Goal of Glory y 
 Has more than one Career y more than otie Vi^ory ^ 
 He rifes 'when he falls , he triumphs --xhcn he dies j 
 He's Conqueror 'when a Captive, his Chain's a Crown ; 
 And to his Virtue he lizaintains the 'Dignity of ^ueen. 
 
 And he makes the Soldan of Egypt fay elfewhere in his 
 Poem : 
 
 Ces vains & foibles noms d'amis & de parens 
 
 Sont du droit des pctits, & non dudroit dcs grands. 
 
 Un Roi dans {^2l Couronne a toute fa famille : 
 
 Son Etat eft fon fils, fa grandeur eft fa fille, 
 
 Et de fes interets bornant fa parente, 
 
 Tout feul il eft fa race & fa pofterite. 
 
 ^hofe vain and idle Names of Friends and Kindred^ 
 
 Are for the Little Clai?nSy and not the Great. 
 
 A King has all his Family in his Crorvn -, 
 
 His Kingdora is bis Son, his Dignity his Daughter 5 
 
 And limiting his Kindred to his Intercfts, 
 
 He's to himfelf 'PoJleritVj and Race. 
 
 This is fwelling a noble Thought till it burfts, and 
 there is no need of making Remarks on fuch Verfes a^ 
 thefe : 
 
 His Kingdom is his Sen, his Dignity his Daughter^ 
 He's to himfelf 'Pofterity, and Race, 
 
 Or 
 
^-jo ne ARTS of 
 
 Or this, 
 
 ^nd to Mi Virtue he maintains the 'Dignity of^een, 
 
 T'JMJSRZJNE, in Mr. Row's admirable Tra- 
 gedy, thinks and fpeaks otherwife : 
 
 T'hoi! Srother of my Choice, a Sand morefacred 
 I'han Nature's brittle "fie ; by holy Friendjhip. 
 Glory and Fame fiood jl ill for thy Arrival 3 
 My Soul fee fn'd ^wanting in his better Half 
 j^nd languip'dfor thy Ab fence, like a ^Prophet 
 *That ivaits the Inspiration of its God. 
 
 I D o not know whether we have yet inrtanc'd any 
 thing which is more over-ftrain'd than what follows out 
 of Co-zvley, where he fpeaks of the Mufick of the "Woods : 
 
 What 'Prince's ^uire of Mujick can excel 
 'That --xhich -within this Shade does dr^vell j 
 I'he "jchifiling Winds add their lefs artful Strains, 
 And a grave Safe the murm'ring Fountains play, 
 Nature does all this Harmony befio-zv 
 Sut to our Plants : Art's Mufick too, 
 The Pipe, Theorbo, and Guittar -ive ozve^ 
 The Lute it f elf, Sec. 
 
 The Hyperbole , in the following Dcfcription of 
 Night, in T)ryden's Indian Emperor, has a foftning in 
 it which is a good Guard to it : 
 
 All things -ii-ere hup' J, as Nature's flf lay dead. 
 The Moun fains feem to nod their dro-iify Head j 
 The little Sirds in Tireams their Songs repeat. 
 And Jleeping Flowers beneath the Nigbt-de-w fweat ; 
 Ev'n Lujl and Envyjleep 
 
 This Defcription is highly commended by Mr. Kymer, 
 in his Preface to Rapin's Reflexions on Poetry 3 antl 
 indeed there is fomething in it extrcamly pretty : 
 
 The little Sirds in Tireams their Songs repeat. 
 And Jleeping Flowers beneath the Night-dew fweat. 
 
 But what a terrible Fall is there from the Mountains 
 Nod to the little Sirds 3 and what a Start again, from 
 fweat ing Flowers to Luft and Envy fleep. Which has 
 all the Greatnefs that can be defir'd in a Thought, as 
 
 the 
 
LoGicK ^;/^ Rhe TORicic." 271 
 
 the other has all the Agreeablenefs. If there is a little 
 Confufion in it, we mull allow that it is a beautiful one, 
 and like the mixing of the Beauty of the Corinthian 
 Order with the Grandeur of the jDorick. 
 
 The Defcriptions of Night have given Birth to many 
 great and agreeable Thoughts : As there is fbmething 
 very folemn and awful in its Darknefs, there is fome- 
 thing very foft and lulling in its Refl and Silence, which 
 naturally produces the Alternative, as in iDrydeus 
 Thought. Zee, in his T'beodojii/s, has a Speech upon 
 it, which was in the Mouths of all the Frequenters of 
 the Theatre thirty Years ago ; 
 
 '7/i Ni^bt, dead Nighty &c. 
 
 But I cannot reli/li above four Lines of it ; as thefe two 
 in the agreeable Kind : 
 
 Nor Sreath of Wind no-w ivhifper thro' the Trees ^ 
 Nor Noife at Landy nor Murmur in the Seas. 
 
 And thefe in the greater : 
 
 The OixU forget to fcream ; no Midnight Sound 
 Calk drowfy Ecchofrom the hoUo^jo Ground. 
 
 The laft Verfe is over-ftrain'd, and has an unequal 
 Mixture of Fuftian and Flatnefs, as contrary as they are 
 one to another : 
 
 The Stars, Heaven's Gentry , wink andfem to die. 
 
 Ratdiffikys better in Burlefque : 
 
 The dying Snuff's do fjoinckle in their Urns. 
 
 I CANNOT but obferve on this Subjefl how helpful 
 our Poets are to one another ; efpecially in the Defcrip- 
 tion of Night, which feems to offer i^o great a Variety 
 of Ideas as might have prevented fo much borrowing : 
 Firft as it is a Noon. 
 
 Cowley, 
 
 "■ The Moon 
 
 Was raounted foftly to her Noon. 
 
 Dryden, 
 
 The Night, ivith filent'Pace, 
 
 Stood in her Noan . 
 
 Lee, 
 
272 "Ihe ARTS of 
 
 Lee, 
 
 Lean Wolves forget to hoivl at Night's pale Noon* 
 
 Next, as to Nature dying or fleeping : 
 Otway, 
 
 No-w all is httjh'dy as Nature imere retired* 
 
 Lord Dorfet, 
 
 In difmal Silence Nature feem^d to Jleep, 
 Lee> 
 
 Weary Nature lies 
 
 Sofafi as ifpe never "joere to rife, 
 
 Dryden, 
 All things "joere hufi'd, as Nature's felf lay dead, 
 
 T H E N as to Breezes, Trees, and Winds : 
 
 Otway, 
 
 T^he feeling Jifs at rejl, and feels no Noife^ 
 Except offomeport 'Breaths upon the i'reeSy 
 Rocking the harralefs Sirds. 
 
 Lord Dorfet, 
 No "xhifpering Zephirus aloft did l^lo-w, ' 
 Nor "jcarring Soughs were murmuring belo-w, 
 
 Lee, 
 
 No Sreath of Wind nozv whifpers thro* the Irees^ 
 
 Dryden after Virgil, 
 
 'The Winds no longer ivhifper thro' the Woods, 
 Nor murra'ring Tides difiurb the gejitle Floods. 
 
 I REPEAT the reft out o^ Virgil, becaufe it feems to 
 be the Store from whence all the other Defcriptions were 
 fupply'd : 
 
 *Twas dead of Night, ivhen iveary bodies clofe 
 Their Eyes in balmy Sleep and foft Repofe 5 
 The Stars in file nt Order frn'Sd around. 
 And 'Peace, with downy Wings, was brooding on the 
 
 (Ground -, 
 The Flocks and Herds, r.nd party-coloured Fowl, 
 Which haunt the Woods, or (wim the weedy 'Pool, 
 
 Stretched 
 
li o G I c K and R h e t o r i c k. 27J' 
 
 Stretched on the quiet Earth, fecurcly lay^ 
 Forgetting thepajl Labours of the 'Day. 
 
 MILT'ONy contemplating the Change from Light 
 to Darknefs, thinks not ot Flowers and Birds, nor Flocks, 
 nor Herds, nor Zephirs, nor Streams 5 but in the full 
 Majefty of Epick Poetry fays : 
 
 Now had Night meafur^d, with her padowy Co»e, 
 Halfway up Hill this vafi fublunar Vault. 
 
 Is this like, 
 
 ' When not a Star 
 
 Was twinkling in the muffled Hemifphere. 
 
 The Author is too great to be nam'd ; but one may "be 
 more free with Mr. Otway^ who begins in the high 
 Tone : 
 
 Now the perpetual Motion ftanding ftilU 
 
 And ends, 
 
 Short 'Breaths upon the 'Trees y 
 
 Rocking the harmlefs Sirds 
 
 I T will be eafily feen that I have been oblig'd to turn 
 over moft of our modern Poets and Orators, of any Re- 
 putation, which gave me an Opportunity of obferving 
 where the Moderns ftole or borrow'd one from another ; 
 and though I cannot boaft of being fo familiarly acquain- 
 ted with the Ancients, yet I have difcover'd from whence 
 they have taken their Seaux En droits 5 and that they 
 are oblig'd to Antiquity for what is moft valuable in 
 them. 1 do not infinuate this to lefTen the Reputation 
 which fo many of them have worthily acquir'd, but to 
 fhew that feveral Authors, writing on the fame Subjeft, 
 will not only light upon the Thoughts of others which 
 they had read before, without remembring them at that 
 time, but will fometimcs naturally think as the Ancients, 
 or as others have done. This will indifputably happen to 
 great Genius's. But, I muft needs own, moft of the 
 Moderns, and the EngUp in particular, when they do fteal 
 any thing, do it fo bunglingly as to leave the Owner's 
 Mark upon it ; if they ftruck out that, and put their own 
 in its Stead, it would be very difEcult to difcover the 
 
 T Theft. 
 
^174 !^^^^ ARTS of 
 
 Theft. Carneilky Racine^ ^nd SolkaUy do this the 
 belt of any Moderns who commit Robbery on the An- 
 cients, Milton excepted : Mr. Jddlfon is almoft equal to 
 them in thisArt, in which }ilr. 'Prior and Lord Land/down 
 are alike excellent j but as to 'Dryden^ and fome living 
 Poets and Criticks, it is eafy, both in their Profe andVerfe, 
 to point out to the Place from whence they took their 
 Poetry and Criticifms, If I have Leifure, and it would 
 be acceptable, I may one time or other fhew how they 
 have done both, with rcfpe6l to the Ancients and Mo- 
 derns, unlefs, which would be much more ufeful to the 
 Publick and my felf, fome abler Pen would undertake 
 it J and I fpeak this with great Sincerity. It was in the 
 fame Sentiments, with refpe6t to Father Souhours 
 Meniere de bien penfer ; and had I perceiv'd any Likeli- 
 hood that fome other Writer would have undertaken 
 him in this Manner, I fhould, with great Pleafure, have 
 left the Work to him, it being as difficult as it is un- 
 grateful. Poets are fo jealous otthe Vogue they are in, 
 or they believe they are in, that if you commend them 
 for a hundred things, and cenfure them but for one only, 
 they will never forgive you, they being all infallible in 
 their own Conceit, excepting fuch as have other Cha- 
 racters to diltinguiOi themfelves by j though it is a very 
 hard Matter even for them to own they could be in the 
 Wrong, in which they are ftrangely miilaken j for the 
 Merit of one or two fine Poems , and perhaps fine 
 Thoughts, are enough to atone for a hundred Slips and 
 Negligences in the heat of Writing. Who is there that 
 does not look upon Sir Ricb.^rd Skck?nore as the 
 Author of one of the fincft Poems in our own or any 
 modern Language, I mean Creation ? and yet who is 
 there that can fiy any thing like it of his Arthurs^ and 
 feveral other Epick Poems j in which, however, there 
 are many beautiful Things, both in Thought and Ex- 
 preffion. I took this to be a proper Place for fo neceflfary 
 a Digreffion, we being come to a new Vice in Think- 
 ing, Father Bouhours in the next Place /hewing us, IIoio 
 agreeable '\thoi(ghts may become vicious by being too a- 
 greeabk. 
 
 We have fecn how fublime Thoughts may become 
 
 mean by being made too great j we arc now about to 
 
 fee how agreeable Thoughts may become vicious by too 
 
 much Agreeablenefs, Excels being a Dcfed in Beauty 
 
 2 as 
 
L o G I c K and R h e t o r r c kI 27 j 
 
 as well as in Grandeur. Example, as '^ere 'Bouhouv-s ob- 
 ferves, wi!l explain this Matter better than Rcafoning. 
 
 The firft Thoughts he inftances in nre taken out of a 
 famous Piece, entitl'd, La Aletamorpbofe des yeux de 
 Chilis changez, en Jfjlres, written by a Member of the 
 French Academy. 
 
 As the Author was look'd upon to be one of the top- 
 ping Wits of France^ his Errors are the more remarkable j 
 and we muft take notice, by the way, that the learned 
 Jefuit meddles with no Poets or Orators but fuch as 
 were in great Repute 5 and his Reafon dire-fled me to 
 take my Examples of the Defeats in Writing, as well as 
 the Beauties, from our moft famous Authors. Would 
 any one expe6l a Critick on Settle, C"o--xn, Tiurfey, 
 batiks, &c. fome alive feme dead , in the poetical 
 Line j or on 'Baker, Salmon, Sec. in the Hiftorical. There 
 is Honour in Criticifm as well as Gallantry ; and as Duels 
 are only for Gentlemen , fo Cr kicks are only for Wits. 
 This Metamorphofis of Phillis'5 Eyes into Stars, was ad- 
 mir'd by every one in France, Court, City, and Coun- 
 try ; it took as certain Plays and Tranllations have done 
 in our Times j 'Pere Soubours owns he was charm'd 
 with it when he was young, as Thoufands as well aS my 
 felf were with Co-zvley thirty Years ago, and as others 
 were charm'd with Mrs. '^Phillips thirty Years before 
 that. Silt, fays the Jefuit, / arn come to my felf noii\ 
 and admire nothing in it hut the Affe'^.aticn. He at 
 firft fancy 'd the Beginning of it to be very pretty : 
 
 Beaux ennemis du jour dont lesfeuillages fombres 
 Confervent le repos, le iilence, & les ombres. 
 
 Fair Enemies of 2) ay, 'vohofe gloomy Leafes 
 ^referve Repofs, and Silence, and the Shades. 
 
 Fair Enemies of Tfay has nothing of true Beauty in it - 
 befides, a Poet ihould never /hine out all at once. What 
 comes after upon the Oaks in an old Poreil pleafes as 
 little as beaux ennemis de jour, though the Author has 
 given it all the Graces he could think of: 
 
 Vieux enfans de la terre, agreable." Titans, 
 
 Qui juf^ues dans le ciel, fans crainte du tonnerrc, 
 
 Allcz faire au foliel une innocente guerre. 
 
 T a' Old 
 
i.'jS Tbe ARTS of 
 
 old ChiWen of the Earthy agreeable I'itam, 
 WhOy fearlefs of the "Thunder , lift your ffpads 
 yo Heav^Hy and ixith the Sun make harrnlefi Way. 
 
 Agreeable Titans is the fame as pretty Go?: and pweet 
 Magog j and to make harrnlefs, IVar is as agreeable as 
 the tickling one to Death. Befides, 'tis falfe to fay, tall 
 Trees fear not Thunder 3 for the taller they are the more 
 they are expos'd to it. 
 
 One may add to the French Critick's Remark, that 
 wherever any Thought is over-ftrain'd in the Sublime, 
 or over-done in the Agreeable, it mull neceffarily be 
 falfe J for Truth is always found in that juft Medium 
 which is wanting in both. The Defcription of the 
 Fountain in the Metamorphofii is like that of the 
 Wood: 
 
 C'efl-la per un cahos agreable & nouveau 
 Que la terre & le cielfe rerrcontrent dans I'eau 5 
 C'eft-la que Toeil fouffrant de douces impoftures j 
 Confond tous les objets avecque leurs figures : 
 C'eft-la que fur un arbre il croit voir les poifTons, 
 Qu'il trouve des rofeaux aupres des hame^ons, 
 Et que le fens charme d'une trompeufe idole, 
 Doute fi I'oifeau nage, ou fi le poifTon vole. 
 
 There by a Chaos, agreeable and nezi\ 
 The Earth and Heaven in Water meet together ; 
 Th?re the Eye fuffering the mojlfweet ImpoJlureSf 
 Confounds all Objeifs --with their Images 5 
 ^here Pipes on a Tree, it thinks itfees^ 
 And near the Fifl-hcok finds the '•jcavy Reed. 
 With a falfe Figure there the Senfe being charmed, 
 doubts '•xhether the Sirdsfimmy or Fijhes fly. 
 
 Another French Poet, in a Defcription of a Ship- 
 wreck, caus'd by the Ships being burnt, goes as much 
 out of the way as the Defcriber of the Fountains ; 
 
 Soldats & matelots roulez confufement 
 Par un double malheur perifTent doublement 5 
 li'un fe brule dans I'onde^ au feu I'autre fc noye, 
 Et tous en mcme temp de deux morts font la proye. 
 
 Soldiers and Seamen 'with Confufion roul^ 
 Mnd doubly perip by a double 2)eath y 
 
 One's 
 
"LoGick and Rhetoric k. 177 
 
 One's burnt^ in fVaves, another's drown'd in Fire^ 
 And, are at once to both the Deaths a Trey, 
 
 This Verfe, 
 
 One^s burnt in Waves ^ mother's dro'vcn'd in Fire^ 
 
 Is pretty near a-kin to 
 
 Doubts ivhether the Sirdsp-xim^ or Fipesfly. 
 
 These Thoughts, at firfl: Sight, glare and pleafe a 
 little 5 but when you confider them you find it is a falfe 
 Light, which, like falfe Guineas, glitter more than the 
 true J but are worth a great deal lefs. 
 
 The four firft Verfes of the Defcription of the Foun- 
 tain have Hill more of that Glittering and Falfhood : 
 
 Au milieu de ce bois un liquide criftal, 
 
 En tombant d'un rocher forme un large canal, 
 
 Qui comme un beau miroir dans fa glace inconftante, 
 
 Fait de tous fes voiiins la peinture mouvante. 
 
 Jir/iid the Wood a liquid Chrijial flo-ws^ 
 Falls fror/z a Rock^ and forms a large Canal 5 
 Which y as a Mirrcur^ in its fait hlefs Surface^ 
 j^ moving 'PiBure of the Neighbours makes. 
 
 A N Author fhould never flouriOi too much, even on 
 Subjefts which admit of Flowers ; and a Thought had 
 better be a little cloudy than to be fo dazling as this : 
 Ludere quidera integrum eft 5 verhra orani in re habendd 
 ejl- ratio decori. Deraet. Phal. 
 
 There was a Sonnet on a Mirrour, which every one 
 was charm'd with in France in the laft Age. The Author 
 was the Count d'Etelan^ Nephew to the Marefchal 
 de Sajfompierre ; and in it is a very odd Mixture of 
 Beauty and Affeftation. The very firft Line lets us inta 
 its Charafter : 
 
 Miroir, peintre & portrait, qui donne & qui recois. 
 Mirrcur^ fainter, and Ticfurc^ ivho gives and re- 
 
 (ceives^ 
 There is flourifhing with a Witnefs. 
 
 Et qui porte en tous lieux avec toi mon image, 
 Qlu peux tous exprimer, cxcepte le langage, 
 £t pour etre anime n'as befoin qae de voix ; 
 
 T 5 T^ 
 
[lyS The kKT S of 
 
 Tupcuxfeul me montrer, quarnl cheztoije me vols, 
 Touces mes paffions peintes lur nion vifage : 
 Tu fliis d'an pas egal mon humeur & mon age, 
 Et dans leurs changemens jamais ne te decois. 
 
 Les mains d'un artifan au labeur obftinees, 
 D'un penible travail font en plufieursannees 
 Un portrait qui ne peut reffembler qu'un inftant. 
 
 Mais toi, peintre brillant, d'un art inimitable, 
 Tu fais fans nul effort vm ouvrage inconftant 
 Qui relTemble toujours, & n'eft jamais femblable. 
 
 jind ih all Places, bean my Image ivith thee 5 
 
 WhOy except Language, all things can'fl exprefs^ 
 
 And to he animated '-sant''fi but Voice. 
 
 ^houjbe-w'fi me to my felf 5 at thee I me-iJt) 
 
 My various TaJJions painted on my Face^ 
 
 My Humour and my Age, ivith equal ^ace 
 
 ^hou foUo'xefi 5 and in their Change art ne'er deceived, 
 
 '■fhe Artift's Hand in Labour cbflinate. 
 
 With painful L'oil of many Tears may make 
 
 A 'Pitture, for an Lifiant only, like. 
 
 Sut "Thou, ivith Art inimitable^ 7nakcfi 
 
 A changing Piece, bright Painter, -zvithout Effort <, 
 
 Which Jlill refembles, and is never like. 
 
 What Father Souhours approves of in this Sonnet, 
 is, N'a befoin que de Voix. And to be animated wan- 
 teft but Voice. L'u peux feul me montrer toutes mes 
 Paffions. Thou fheweft me to my felf, at thee I view 
 my various Paffions. 'tu fais fans nul Effort un ouvrage 
 qui refemble toujours ^ n'eft jamais femblable. Thou 
 makell: a Piece without Effort, which flill refemblcs, 
 and is never like. Bat the Painter and Pi -lure, who 
 gives and receives, the bright Painter offends by too 
 much of the Agreeable, and cannot plcafe a good Tafte. 
 The learned jcfuit enters here into the Grammatical 
 Defc*5l, and tells us, it (hould be qui donnes, ^ qui 
 portes, who givefi and receivejf, in the fecond PerfJjn 5 
 ■which is fo vifible, that I had turn'd it out of the third 
 Perfon in the Tranilaticn, before 1 came to this Remark 
 at the laft Reading, and had forgot it in the former 5 
 but it muft be own'd, that the givejl and rereiveft, the 
 z:^;;/? and \.\\t fljeireft, the fillo'ivejl ixndmakef, have a 
 Roughnefs in EngUp, which is equally inelegant, and 
 ynh-.inr.onious. Indeed^ the thou, and the edjl, in the 
 
 . fecond 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. 279 
 
 fccond Perfon, renders it very difagreeable cither in 
 Poetry or Eloquence in our Language 5 the' it has 
 a Dignity in French as well as Latin^ but the Ter- 
 mination in thofe Tongues is not all Con- 
 fonants, and rude as in ours. I think this GTAmma?* 
 is the only Grammatical Criticifm in all 
 'Pere Sotthoun's Book. The Rcafoa I fuppofe for that, 
 fuch Remarks are fit Work for Pedants and Pedagogues 
 only, fuch Errors being Slips and Negligences which 
 Men of Literature could not fall into but by Negleil or 
 Careleflhefs. Befides, in modern Languages where the 
 Grammar is not fettled, as in ours, one very often finds 
 Difference, not only between one Author and another, 
 but between one Author and himfelf ; and all of them 
 Authors of the firft Rank. However, I am convinced 
 that fuch Criticifms are the Excellence of certain Cri- 
 ^icks, who are diftinguilhed in the feveral Counties of 
 England^ as well as Cambridgejljire and Oxfordpire. 
 The learned Jefuit inferts an Italian Sonnet on a 
 Looking Glafs, which, tho' enigmatical and myfterious, 
 is more natural than the French^ who, in his Opinion, 
 are not fo affefted as the Italians in their Way of 
 Thinking. 
 
 So una mia cofa la qual non e viva, 
 E par che viva 5 fe gli vai dinanti, 
 E fe tu fcrivi parera che fcriva 5 
 E fe tu canti parera che canti 5 
 E fe ti affacci feco in profpettiva, 
 Ti dira i tuoi, diffetri tutti quanti 5 
 E fe fdegnofco gli homerile volti, 
 Sparifce anch'elTa, e torna fe ti volti. 
 
 My Ti^ure in the Looking Glafs 
 Has no Life, but feems to livBy 
 When I 'write, or 'when IJingy 
 One ivoii'd think jhe 'wrote andfung^ 
 j^ll my out'ward Fault sfjefjeivs 3 
 When I go a^way Jhe's gone, 
 j^nd returns 'when I return. 
 
 . 'Fere Souhours thinks this, is prettily faid, and witk 
 good Senfe : Non e vivay par che viva, has no Life, 
 but feems to live, is very natural. 'Tis not fo with a. 
 Thought of L'ajfo on the Figures engrav'd over the Gate 
 Vf Jj/iid^s P-aJace. 
 
 : -il ^ T 4 Manca 
 
':i26 Tbe ARTS of 
 
 Manca il parlar, di vivo altro non chiedo 5 
 Ke manca quefto ancor, s'agli occhi credi. 
 
 For all the Shapes in that rich Metal ivroughf. 
 Save Speech y of living Sodies wanted nought. 
 
 As Fairfax lias tranflated it, but with great Injury to 
 
 ^ajfo, 
 
 I'he Figures were fo form' d, thcyfeera'd to livCy 
 ^hey wanted only Speech 5 nor wanted that 
 Jf you cou'd truji your Eyes. 
 
 That is, fays Father Souhours^ there was fo much Mo- 
 tion and Aftion in the Faces of the Figures, that a Deaf 
 Man, who had Eyes, would have thought he had feen 
 them fpeak. There's Wit in it, but 'tis not fuch Wit 
 as we find in Virgil's Defcription of the Graving on JE- 
 mas's Shield. The two Verfes which follow, have a 
 Softening that will ferve for an Excufe : They treat of 
 the magnificent Buildings in Egypt ^ where there was a 
 Reprefentation oi Sodom in Flames. 
 
 Le Marbre & le Porphyre ont du feu la couleur, 
 11 paroit meme a I'oeil qu'ils en ont la chaleur. 
 
 'The 'Porphyry and Marble have the Colour 
 Of Fir By andfeera to Sight to have the Heat. 
 
 Cardinal 'Pallaviciniy in the following Thoughts, 
 has more Simplicity than TaffOy in that we laft men- 
 tioned. The Cardinal is fpeaking of a great Prelate 5 
 La Corte di Koma la quale jl gloria di non ammirare 
 cziandio I'amr/zirabile 5 e pure ammiro voi giovanefe cre- 
 deva a gU occhi ^ vecchio fe dava fede aWudito. " In 
 *■'■ his Youth he was admir'd by the Court of Roi'/ze, 
 *' who glory in not admiring even Things that are 
 *' admirable. To look on him, one wou'd take him 
 *' for a Youth 5 to hear him talk, one wou'd think he 
 ** was an old Man. So mature and folid were his Dif- 
 ** courfcs even in the Flower of his Age. 
 
 Being upon the Life in Pictures, and the natural or 
 unnatural Defcription of it, I cannot keep thcfe Verfesi 
 of Tiryden out of my Head. They begin his Poem to 
 Sir Godfrey Kneller. 
 
 Once I beheld the fair eft of her Kind, 
 Jndjiill the fweet Idea charms my Mind 5 
 
 Trite^ 
 
LOGICK ^«^RHE T O Rl CK. 28 1 
 
 ^rue, pe 'was dumb, for Nature gaz'dfo long, 
 fleas' d 'witb her Work, that pe forgot her Tongue j 
 Sutfmillng, faid, pefiillfiall gain the 'Prize, 
 I only have transferr d it to her .Eyes. 
 The Thought is pretty, but it receives Damage from 
 the Affeflation. She had a Tongue, anci Nature never 
 forgets any Thing. Accidents may intervene to fpoil 
 her Work, which is the moil wc can make of it. How- 
 ever, the Thought is fo pretty, and fo gallant, that_ I 
 believe every Reader will forgive what is afifeclcd in it. 
 In what follows, ^Dryden is much more difcreet and na- 
 tural than the French or the Italian Poets on the fame 
 Subjefl: 5 Good Painting and Sculpture : 
 
 Such are thy TiBures, Kneller, fuch thy Skill, 
 ^hat Nature feems obedient to thy Will, 
 Comes out and meets thy Pencil in the Tir aught. 
 Lives there, and ivants but Words to fpeak her 
 
 (Xhought j 
 At leajt, thy PiSiures look a Voice, and We 
 Imagine Sounds deceivd to that liegree. 
 We think ^tis fome-irhat more than ]ufl -ive fee. 
 
 But T)ryden had hardly ever a true Thought which he 
 did not fpoil by over-doing it, by dwelling upon it, and 
 dividing and fub-dividing it, as a Country Parfon does 
 his Text. 
 
 Such are thy Pieces, imitating. Life 
 So near, they almofi conquer in the Strife 5 
 And from their animated Canvas came 
 demanding Souls, and loofen'dfrom the Frame , 
 Prometheus, "jcere he here, -wou'd cajl a-way 
 His Adam, and refufe a Soul to Clay. 
 
 What a Confufion is there ! The Figures bolt out 
 of the Canvas, as they do out of the Scene in Dioclefian, 
 when the Chairs dance about the Stage. They demand 
 Sails before they have any Souls to think of them. Pro- 
 metheus' s Man is confounded with Adam, who was the 
 immediate Workmanlhip of God 5 and that Man Ma- 
 ker of the Fable, drawn like a Maker of Muggs, with 
 his Dirt and Water about him, one can hardly forgive. 
 
 Of various 'Parts a psrfefl Whole it -wrought. 
 Thy Pi^nres think, and "xe divine their Thought. 
 
 "Were 
 
,'282 The ARTS of 
 
 Were not thefe Lines in Company with thofe that 
 follow ? 
 
 Raphael'^, like HomerV, aw the nobler ^art^ 
 Sut Titian'i 'Painting is like VirgilV Art. 
 ^Thy Genius gives "Thee both 3 tvheretrue'Defigft 
 ^ofiures unforc'd., and li-vely Colours joyn, 
 Likenefs is ever there j butjlill the befi. 
 Like proper 'Thoughts in lofty Language dreji, 
 Where Lights to Shades defcending plays^ not JlriveSf 
 tDies by x)egrees, and by 2)egrees revives. 
 
 I KNOW a Poet who wou'd not have us'd the Term 
 (Pcjiures, on this Occafion : He wou'd have faid, y^l- 
 titudes unforc'd. if the Word cou'd have been fqueez'd 
 into the Verfe. 
 
 Mr. Waller to Vandyke, fays very finely and naturally 3 
 
 Strange that thy Hand Jhould not infpire 
 The 'Beauty only, but the Fire : 
 Not the Form alone and Grace, 
 Sut AlI and Tower of a Face. 
 
 And when he mentions Prometheus, he plainly infers 
 the Fable fo much, that the Hyperbole is warranted by 
 ir. 
 
 No, for the Theft thou hafl climb' d higher 
 Than did Prometheus for his Fire. 
 
 But Co-zvley has out-done TJrydcn himfelf and ali 0- 
 ther Poets, in his Thought of a Picture. 
 
 Men thought fo much of Flame, by Art luas jhown^ 
 The 'Pidure'sf elf would fall in Apes down. 
 
 Under the Picture of St. Bruno in his Solitude, pain- 
 ted to the Life, an Italian wrote, Egli e vivo, e par- 
 lerebbe fe non o(JervnJfe la regola del filentio. He is 
 alive, and wou'd fpcak, if it was not againft the Rule 
 of Silence. Aialherbe has a like Thought on an Image 
 of St. Catharine. 
 
 L'Art auffi-bien que la Nature 
 
 Eut fait plaindrc cette peinture : 
 
 Mais il a voulu figurcr, 
 
 Qj^i'aux tourniens dont la caufe cfl belle, 
 
 La gloire d'unc ame fidcllc, 
 
 Eft de fouftrir lans miu-murer. 
 
 Ai 
 
LoGicK ^2;«^ Rhetojlick. 28s 
 
 As well as Nature^ An hadpe-wn 
 I'he living IPitlure making moan ^ 
 Sut Figures by this jufi Tiefign^^ 
 I'hat torments from a Caufe divine^ 
 Are glorious to the fuffering Saint ^ 
 Who hears the 'Pain without Complaint. 
 
 The Italians delight mightily in the florid Way of 
 Thinking and Speaking. It is certain, that the Manner 
 of a Nation participates of the Climate ; and what a 
 lovely one Italy enjoys, Virgil has amply defcribed : 
 Kor is our Englifl Virgil^ Mr. Addifony without Beau- 
 ty, in his Defcription of that charming Country. 
 
 See how the golden Groves around me fmile, 
 £v'n the rough Rocks with tender Myrtle bloomy 
 And trodden Weeds fend out a rich Perfume. 
 Sear mefome God to Bajas':> gentle Seats ^ 
 Or cover me in Umbria'i green Retreat^ 
 Where Weftern Gales, &c. 
 
 T H o' France is not fo fine a Climate as Italy, yet 
 its warm Sun, the Serenity of the Air, its generous 
 Wines, and the Vigour of vegetable Life, keep their 
 Spirits a-float ^ and that is very apt to run into Foppery 
 and Affectation. I'll engage if any Critick did under- 
 ftand ^utchy and wou'd be at the Pains to read the 
 Poetry and Eloquence in that Language, he might read 
 himfelf blind, before he would find either Deli- 
 cacy or Affedation. It muft be own'd, we are our 
 felves too far North for the beautiful Produftions of the 
 Mind, but the Coldnefs of our Air is temper'd by the 
 warm Breezes of the Sea that furrounds us : And with- 
 out the Bombaft of the Spaniards, or the Affe6lation 
 of the Italians and French, we have Writings to boaft 
 of, in all Kinds of Thinking, from the Sublime to the 
 Pretty, of which the Antients needed not to have been 
 afharned 5 and there will not be wanting Inftancesof it 
 in this Undertaking. 
 
 The Cavalier Marini plants all his Lands with Flow- 
 ers. There's fcarce a Thought of his but is fit for si 
 Garland : As when he fays, 
 
 T'he Rofe is the Fye of the Springs 
 VThe Sail of Loves Eye^ 
 
'2^ T/je ARTS of 
 
 "The 'Purple of the VnllieSy 
 And the Flozver of c.U Fh-ivers. 
 
 L'occhio di primavera, 
 La pupilla d'Amor, 
 I^a porpora de prati, 
 II fior de gli altri fiori. 
 
 And that the Nightingal is^ 
 
 Una voce pennata, A Feather'd Voice. 
 
 Un fuon volante, A Flying Sound. 
 
 Una piuma canora, An Barmomous Feather, 
 
 I'ke StarSy 
 
 Sacre lampe derate 
 
 Ch'i palchi immenli 
 
 Del firmamento ornate. 
 
 De I'efequie del di chiare facelle. 
 
 Speech! de i'liniverfo e di natura. 
 
 Fiori immortali e nari 
 
 Ne le campagne amene 
 
 De' fempiterni prati. 
 
 I'he golden Lamps of Heaven^ 
 
 I'he Fh.mbenux of the ^ ay's Funeral ^ 
 
 i'he II or Id and Nature's Mirrour, 
 
 'I'h' Immortal Flowers of the Celejiial 'Plains. 
 
 But what need of Quotations out of Marini^ who does 
 not pretend to confine himfelf to Rules, or to make Na- 
 ture his Guide, as T'affo does in his Aminta^ a Paftoral, 
 lb very -PaftorefquSy if I may imitate the Tranflator of 
 Homer y that 'twas faid of him, he never ivcnt out of 
 the IVbods in his Aminta : But we Hiall fee prefently 
 'twas Rus in Urhe ^ and that his Shepherdeffes are not 
 without a Spice of Coquettry. 'Pere 'Bouhours affures 
 us, that he is in a thoufand Places more agreeable 
 than he fhould have been ; He defcribes a Shepherdels 
 decking her felf out with Flowers j and fays, " Some- 
 " times ihe took a Lilly, fomet mes a Role, and held 
 *' them up to her Cheeks to compare Colours ^ and 
 " fmil'd, as if fhe rejoyc'd in the Viclory 5 and feem'd 
 *' to tell the Flowers, I have the Better of you ^ and 
 " 'tis not for a Drefs that I ufe you, but to make you 
 ** afhamed, 
 
 Jq 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetorick. 28 5 
 
 1 ■ — >Io pur vinco 
 
 Ne porta voi per ornamento mio. 
 Ma porto voi fol per vergogna vofira. 
 
 r This Thought has had its Admirers ever fince the 
 Jlrfltnta was publifhed, and will have as long as it 
 lives, which probably will be as long as the Italian 
 Ijanguage. Is it natural for a Shepherdels to make fuch 
 Reflexions while fhe's a Drefling ? Flowers are the Or- 
 naments of Natvu-e 3 a Shepherdefs wears them when 
 fhe would be finer than ordinary, but fhe does not think 
 of making them alhamed. The Admirers of this Thought 
 would, doubtlefs, be wonderfully taken with that upon 
 a French Song, An Air 'which flyes ivith Wings of Ho- 
 ney. Upon a Peacock's Tail 5 A Field of Feathers. 
 On aRambow 5 'The Smile of a 'weeping Sky. A Sow 
 ^without Arro'-wSy and which only firikes the Eyes. I 
 don't doubt, but thefe Thoughts put into foft Numbers, 
 and well chim'd, would pafs ftill for extreme pretty 
 ones. So little is it confider'd, that Metaphors taken 
 from what is moft fweet and riant in Nature, ( I borrow 
 the Word from the Notes upon Homer) never plcafe if 
 the leall Conftraint appears in them. 'The Air, The 
 iPearocky The Rainbow , &c. are too far fctch'd, and 
 made fo good, that they are good for nothing. 
 
 COWLET, who did not ftudy to be Natural, fo 
 much as to be Witty, has a very pretty Allegory about 
 his Mufe, which probably he wrote in his Garden at 
 Chert fey y in Surrey 5 where I have walk'd with much 
 Pleafure, in reflefting that thofe Walks had been his. 
 
 While, alas ! 777y timorous Mufe 
 Unambitious Tracks purfues, 
 (Does with weak unballafs'd Win^s, 
 About the moffy Srooks and Springs^ 
 About the Trees new blojjhn'd Heads, 
 About the Garden's painted Seds 3 
 
 Like the hannonious See, 
 For little -Drops of Honey flee, 
 Jlnd therewith humble Sweets content her Indufiry, 
 
 Of 
 
':iS6 The ARTS of 
 
 Of Metaphors and Allegories. 
 
 MeToriei. VI^'J^"^ is more agreeable than a Meta. 
 ■^ i. >l phor well purlued, or than a regulaf 
 
 Allegory : And nothing is more difagrecable, than a Me- 
 taphor {pun out too long, or an Allegory too far extended. 
 ^ereSoithourSy as an Inftance of a very happy Allegory, 
 mentions a little Dialogue in Latin^ upon the Advance- 
 ment of Pope Urban VIII. to the Pontificate. That 
 Pope's Arms was 'Bees^ and 'Bees reprefent him allego- 
 rically. The Dialogue is between a French Man, a 
 Spaniard^ and an Italian : The French Man begins, 
 by faying, 
 
 Gallis mella dabunt, Hifpanis fpicula figent. 
 
 ?o the French Honey, To the Spaniards Stings. 
 
 The Spaniard anfwers, 
 
 Spicula fi figent, emorientur Apes. 
 
 If theSecs fii?ig, they dye. 
 
 The Italian endeavours to reconcile what they have 
 both faid. 
 
 Mella dabunt cunftis, nulli fua fpicula figent : 
 
 Spicula nam Princeps figere nefcit Apum. 
 Honey to all they give, and Stings to none^ 
 For never has the King of Sees a Sting. 
 
 This Allegory, as Father Sonhours obferves, is very 
 juft, and kept within Bounds. The Speftator, in his 
 Difcourfe of Allegories, does not feem to confine them 
 to fo little Extent as ^ere 'Bouhours does. K^. 421. 
 *' Allegories, when well chofen, are like fb many 
 *' Tracks of Light in a Difcourfe, that make every 
 *' Thing about them clear and beautiful. A noble Me- 
 *' taphor, when it is plac'd to Advantage, calls a Kind 
 *' ofGlory round it, and darts a Luftre thro' the whole 
 *' Sentence : Thcfe different Kinds of Allufion, are 
 *' but fo many different Manners of Similitude. 'Per- . 
 *' haps it might he faid, that the UJifference conjijts on- 
 *' ly in the Size and Turn 5 and that they may pleafe 
 *' the Imagination, the Likenefs ought to be very exaft, 
 •* or very agreeable ". For want of due Care in the 
 
 Condua 
 
LoGTCK and Rhetorick; 287 
 
 Condu£l of Allegories and Metaphors they very often 
 mifcarry, they are cither ftrctch'd too far, or fpun out 
 too long, or blown up too much, or not equally purfu'dj 
 they otten begin well, and flag or ramble at the End. 
 Lord Lanfdo--vcn teaches us very well how to manage our 
 Metaphors and Allegories : 
 
 Jls Veils tranfparent cover^ hut not hide^ 
 ■ Such Mettrphors appear, ivhcn right apply'd 5 
 When, thro' the 'Phrafe, "xe plainly fee the Sen fCy 
 ^ruth, •zvithfucb obvious Meanings zvill difpenje 5 
 ^he Reader^ -ivhat is Reafon's 1)U9, believes. 
 Nor can -zve call that falfe •■which not deceives. 
 
 (Pere Souhours gives us an Inftance of an Allegory, 
 
 which begins as well as one could wiih, and ends as ill. 
 
 'Tis taken out of jT'eJli, whom he calls the Horace of the 
 
 Italians, in the Preface to his Second Volume of Lyrick 
 
 Poems. " Thefe Songs, fays he, which I may call the 
 
 *' Daughters of an old Father, and Daughters too that 
 
 *' are not very young themfelves, were every Day re- 
 
 *' prefentmg to me their Age and Time, being tir'd of 
 
 *' dwelling fo long in their Father's Houfe, and impa- 
 
 *' tient to get out of it. Some of them have ventur'd 
 
 ** abroad already j and being more bold and free than 
 
 " the reit, have thrown themfelves into Company, and 
 
 *' gone where they could go 5 which reflects upon me, 
 
 *' and is a Sort of Difgrace to me j for we do not now 
 
 *' live in an Age when the Frminia's and Angelica's 
 
 " ran up and down the World without bringing Dif- 
 
 *' honour to their Families, or fcandalizing any one." 
 
 So far is agreeable j but what is to come exceeds Bounds. 
 
 *' I have therefore come to a Refolution to remedy this 
 
 *' Diferder, by marrying them, that is, by having them 
 
 *' printed : Ho dunque havuto per bene di rimediare al 
 
 ** difordine, e di fpofarle in legitimo matrimonio a i 
 
 *' torchi delle Jlarape. But knowing that the Poverty of 
 
 " my Wit might be a Hindrance to their being well 
 
 " provided for 3 and conlidering, befides, that generous 
 
 *' Perfons are ever ready to ailill poor Damfcls that are 
 
 " in danger of being Joil, I pray you, kind Reader, 
 
 " to give them your Protection out of Charity, and it 
 
 *' will ferve inliead of a Portion." 
 
 T n E Marriage, the Poverty, the Portion, is what 
 renders the Allegory vicious : Had it not been 10 long 
 
 con- 
 
288 The ARTS of 
 
 continuM, and fb over plcafant, it had been good : Scire 
 oportet qiioufque in finguUs fit progrediendum. Long. 
 Sec. 29. I very often found 'Pere Souhours copying after 
 Longim'.i 5 and he does it particularly where he directs 
 us to ufe foftning Terms, when it is convenient to ufe 
 bold Figures. That is taken from the 26'th Chapter of the 
 Treatifc of the SubVnne ^ where the Greek Cntick fays, 
 ** j^riftotk and "Tbeopbrajles^ to cxcufe the Boldnefs of 
 " Metaphors, think it is convenient to foften them, by 
 " faying, tofayfoy if I may fo fay, if I durjl make 
 " ife of tbofe Terms, to fpeak a little more boldly, ^^ 
 LongintiS adds, he's of the fame Mind : Sut, continues 
 he, the mojt natural Remedy againfi the Abundance and 
 Soldnefs of Figures , is never to ufe them, unlefs 'tis to 
 the ^urpofe. The Beginning of Tefii's Allegory was very 
 much to the Purpofe, the End of it Afal a propos, out 
 of the way. His poetical Daughters were not likely to 
 get Husbands by his turning them into the World 5 nor 
 would every Reader wed himfelf to his Book. But that 
 is not the chief Defe6l in his Figure, 'tis the Continuance 
 of it, and the over-doing of it, that makes it defeftive. 
 He might well enough have faid, his latter Poems were 
 Daughters of an old Father j that they were not very 
 young themfelves, and were quite tir'd with living at 
 home 5 that they wanted to fee the World, and fome of 
 them had already feen it. There he Ihould have ftop'd, 
 fo far was natural and pleafant 3 all beyond it is out of 
 Nature and difagreeable. Cicero inftrucis all Poets and 
 Orators what to do in this Cafe 5 and others, relating to 
 their Arts, to confider how far they may go, what Mea- 
 fures to go by, and that they are more likely to offend 
 by too much than too little : //; omnibus rebus videndum 
 ejt quatenus : Etfi enim fuus cuique modus efi^ tamen 
 raagis offendit nimium quam partim. Cic. Orat. 
 
 This Remark will be very ufeful to Englijb 
 Writers, whofe greateft Fault is, if they have hit upon a 
 good Thought they do not care to part with it, but dwell 
 upon it till they have wafted all its Subftance. T)ryden 
 was very apt to offend in this kind 3 he generally began 
 his Metaphors and Allegories well 5 but he furfeited 
 you with them before he had done. I have inftanc'd in 
 his Poem to Sir Godfrey Kncller, and in that to ^ohn 
 fDryden, Efqj Knight of the Shire for Huntington, he 
 docs the fame, when his Satyr is againft Matrinwny : 
 
 Zon^ 
 
L o G T c K and R h e t o r i c k. 28^ 
 
 - Long Tenitence fucceeds a port 'Delight 3 
 Minis arefo hardly 7natch'dy that even the firjl^ 
 Tho^ pair d by Heav'n, in 'Paradife --were curjl j 
 For Men and Women^ tho' in one they gro^x^ 
 Tet firfi or la(t return again to t-ivo 5 
 He to God's tmage^ pe to his ivas made. 
 So farther from the Fount the Stream at random 
 
 (firafd. 
 
 Suppoflng there had been nothing falfe, I will not fay 
 impious, in the infinuating that Adam and E^^je were 
 curll for their Marriage, though marry'd by God, and 
 not for their Fall j the Allegory naturally ended at the 
 Stream at random jiray' d 3 but he revives it again : 
 
 Hoia cou'd he ft and, ijohenput to douh.le ^Pain, 
 He muft a --jceaker than himfelf fuftaih '. 
 Each might have ftood, perhaps 3 hut each alone 5 
 'Tim Wreftlers help to pull each other do-wn. 
 
 That, perhaps, is a great faving to the Thought 3 fbf 
 without it he would have provided for the firft Man and 
 the firft Woman better than God himfelf, who, as fbon 
 as they were pair'd, bleft them, as in Jllilton. The 
 Angel fpeaking to Adam : 
 
 Male he created thee 3 but thy Co nfort 
 
 Female for Race 3 then bleft Mankind , andfaid, 
 
 Se fruitful 
 
 King Alphonfo, the Aftronomer, lamented that he 
 had not had the making of the Planetary World, he 
 found fo many Faults in the Creation, which he faid 
 he could have mended 3 but he did not pretend that he 
 could have given to Man a better Soul. 
 
 We muft now return to our French Critick 3 and I 
 ihall take hold of this Opportunity to let the Pveader fee 
 how he manag'd his Dialogue 3 by which he will per- 
 ceive that we have loft nothing by leaving it out. 'Pcre 
 Souhours is fpeaking ftill of Tefti's marrying hia 
 Daughter Poems, which fhould not have been, adds he, 
 " becaufe the Mufes are Virgins. 'Philanrhus reply 'd. 
 *' briskly, perhaps it is becaufe they are Beggars, and 
 *' have nothing to bring to their Husbands. Be it as it 
 " will, fa.ys Eudoxus, Authors frequentl y offend againll 
 *' the Rules of Juftnefs, by extending an agreeable 
 . U " Thought 
 
250 T:he ARTS of 
 
 ** Thought too fiir. And would you think Voiture \s 
 *• fumetimes guilty of it, as in his Letter of the Tofling 
 ** in a Blanket, and even that of the Carp ? Indeed, 1 
 *' did not think, fays ^bihnthus^ that you would al- 
 *• low Voiture to be ever in the Wrong, and rejoyce 
 *' that you do fo in this, for Balzac's Sake. I'm in 
 *' carneft, reply 'd Eudoxus j and Friendfliip never blinds 
 *' me fo much but that I can fee the Defefls of my 
 ■" Friends." As this Convcrfation is of very little Edi- 
 fication to the Reader, I have thrown it out ; for in 
 other Places it is (till more foreign to the Subjeft, and 
 ferves only to give 'Pbilantbtis an Opportunity to admire 
 the Quicknefs and Solidity of Eudosus's Wit and Judg- 
 ment i which F.udoxus being 'Pere Soubours himfelF, 
 as I hinted at firft, I am fatisfy'd there will be no Mils 
 of the Dialogue: The Air of it is entirely Frencb^ tho' 
 the Subjeft is otherwise the bed handled as may be, 
 and it is no where better. The Vanity of the Dialogue 
 is as vifible in Dr. Ecbard's 'Pkilcutus, and 'timotby 
 iigainft Hobbes 5 and ftill more fo in Oldifzi'ortb's Dia- 
 logues, or 'J^imotby the Second : But his Underftanding 
 was fo poor, that, as v.ilUngas he was, he could not fty 
 much Good of himfclf. Collier is outragious in his own 
 Praifc in his Dialogue j as when he fays, you are ri^bt^ 
 you arefwart, yen bave brougbt your felf off licU, &c. 
 Of all ingenious Authors, Soubours tells us, Seneca. 
 is he who knew leaft how to keep his Thoughts within 
 due Bounds : He is always endeavouring to pleafc, 
 and fo afraid that a Thought, which is of it fclf beautiful, 
 will not flrikc, that he puts it into all the Lights it can 
 be feen in, and fcts it off with all the Colours that can 
 fender it agreeable ; infomuch that one may fay of him 
 what his Father faid of Montanus^ an Orator of their 
 Time : Babet boc Montnnia 'vitium : fenTcntias fuas re- 
 petendo corrumfit : jDur/z non e(l contentus unam rem 
 fcmel bene dicere, efficit 7ie bene dixcrir. Controverf 5 . 
 Lib. p. "By repeating the fame Thought, and turning 
 ** it fevcral Ways, he fpoils it : Not being contented 
 •' with having faid a good Thing at firit, he fo manages 
 *' it, that at laft it ceafcs to be good." Scaurus, a Con- 
 temporary of this Mont anus, ufed to call him the Ovid 
 of the Orators j for Ovid knew not how to keep within 
 Compafs, nor to leave off when he had done well : 
 'Propter hoc Jlkbat Mofitattura Scaurus inter Oratores 
 
 Ovidium 
 
L o G I c K anJK h e t o r i c k.' apr 
 
 Ovidium vocare : Nam £5* Ovldius nefcit quod bene ccffit 
 oelinquere. Controvcrf. 5. Lib. 9. Though, according 
 to the fame Critick, to know when to have done, is as 
 much an Excellence as to know what to fay : A\ebat 
 Scaur us ^ non minui inatnam vWiutem ejfe fcire deji/tercy 
 quara fcire dicere. Ibid. 
 
 This Matter, well ftudy'd and well purfu'd, would 
 favc half the "Writing and naif the Paper that is wafted 
 by Modern Poets and Orators. Sir Samuel GartB ihcws 
 himfelf to be Mafter of this Secret in his Difpcnfary 5 
 fo does Mr. Jlddijht in all his Writings j but as to Mr. 
 Couiey he offends to Enormity, by faying more than hq 
 needed, and fpoils what was well imagin'd and well 
 laid, by turning and winding it, and putting it in too 
 many Lights, which is well known to every one that 
 knows Co-niey. iDryden fcems to have enter'd as far 
 into the Genius o{ Ovid as any of his Tranflators. That 
 Genius has more of Equality with his own than Virgirs 5 
 and, confequently, his Verfions of Ovid are more per- 
 feft than thofe of Firgil. The Relation between their 
 Genius's may probably have fbme Influence on Mr. 
 iDryden's Manner, which was too diffufe, and ran him 
 often into the Error Tere Souhours fpeaks of. The 
 merry Poem, Hudlbras^ is full of Allegories, which, as 
 laughable as they are, may, for Juftnefs, ferve for an 
 Example to the fiiblime Writers, Sutler almoft always 
 keeping within Bounds. 
 
 Cardinal •TaUavlclnl fays of the fame Senecay 
 whom Father Souhours cenfures for exceeding Meafures : 
 'Profujna i fuoi concetti con un ambra ^ con un zibetto 
 cbe a longo andare danno in tejia : net frincipio dikt- 
 tano, nel procejjbjfancano. " He perfumes his Thoughts 
 " with Amber and Civet, which at length gets into the 
 *' Head, they pleafe in the Beginning, and are very 
 *' tirefome in the End." There are fome Criticks who 
 think otherwife of Seneca^ who reckon him more lively, 
 more poignant, and more clofe than Cicero ; whole 
 Stile is fuller of Turns, more extenfive, broken, with- 
 out Number, and without Connexion, But it is of 
 Thoughts that \Pallavicini and Soubours are fpeaking 5 
 and in that he is more diffus'd than Cicero. Seneca 
 feems to fay more, and Cicero ai^ually fays it ; The one 
 lengthens out his Thoughts, the other heaps Thought 
 upon Thought. And Cardinal Terron faid very juftly, 
 U a ' there's 
 
5p2 The ARTS of 
 
 there's more to be learnt in one Page of Cicero than in 
 five or fix of Seneca. Examples arc needlefs 5 and be- 
 fides there would be no End of them 5 all that have 
 read both the one and the other know it, and fo will 
 all that fhall read them with Attention ^ and every one 
 cannot but join in with ^lintilian^ who fays of Seneca : 
 *' 'Tis to be wifh'd that when Seneca wrote he had 
 •' made ufe of his own "Wit and another's Judgment : 
 •* Velles eumjuo ingenio disijje^ alieno iudicio." Quint, 
 lib. 10. cap. I. 
 
 This Page or two cannot but give us an exalted Idea 
 of the Delicacy and Penetration of the Ancients, which 
 few who read them are fenfible of 5 fo few, that I que- 
 ftion whether there's one in a Hundred of thofe we call 
 Scholars who ever made this Diftinftion of themfelves. 
 What follows in the maniere de hien penfer puts Armies 
 of fine Thoughts to !thc Rout, and deprives the younger 
 Fry of Orators and Poets of the Cream of their Elo- 
 quence. Among thofe Thoughts that become vicious 
 by being too agreeable, we may reckon all affe^^ed Anta- 
 thefis 5 as Life and Deaths Water and Fire. 
 
 F LO RUS y fpeaking of thofe brave Roman Sol- 
 diers who were found dead after the Battle of Tarentumy 
 lying upon their Enemies, their Swords in their Hands, 
 and Threats in their Countenances, fays, that the Rage 
 which animated them in the Fight liv'd in Death it felf, 
 F.t in iffa morte ira 'vivebat. It would have been 
 enough, if he had faid there remain 'd a thrcatning Air in 
 their Looks, reliff^e in vukibus mincS. He fliould have 
 llop'd there, and Li'vy would have taken care not to have 
 let fuch an Expreffion come from him, that their mar- 
 tial Rage liv'd in Death it felf 
 
 A French Poet, defcribing the Army of St. Leivis 
 landing before liamietta^ and the Courage of that King 
 in throwing himfelf into the iV/7e, fays at firft : 
 
 Tandis que les premiers difputent le rivage, 
 Et qu'a force de bras ils s'ouvrent le paflage : 
 Louis impatient fautc de fon vaifleau 3 
 
 And adds afterwards, 
 
 Le beau feu de fon coeur lui fait meprifer Tcau. 
 
 While thofe that landed firfl difpute the Shoar, 
 Jnd ope ihemfelvei a Way ixith Strength of Arm, 
 
 Lewis, 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. 2p3 
 
 Lewis, impatient^ from hh Vejjel leaps ^ 
 'The Fire nvithin his Sreaji made him defpije the 
 
 (Water. 
 
 T H o' the Author was a Brother Jefuit, yet Father 
 Souhours would have faid, if he had not been afraid of 
 falling into the Error he condemns, that the Fire there, 
 in oppofition to the Water ^ is very cold.^ We fee the 
 Critick had a great Mind to pun, and it fhould be a 
 Leffon to all Criticks not to be too fevere with the Pun- 
 llers 5 they don't know how they may be tempted. He 
 contents himfelf v;ith faying, this playing with Fire and 
 Water is a Grace that is over-ftrain'd m fo ferious a 
 Place as that is j which is felf-evident 5 and yet one 
 might fill Volumes with Inftances of the like or worfe 
 Over-ftraining in our own Authors, as well as Italian 
 and French. 'Twas impoflible for the learned Jefuit to 
 forget the miraculous Paffage of the Rhine by Lewis 
 XIV. when Le-wis VII. was paffing the Nile ; and 
 therefore we are put in mind of an admirable Couplet 
 on that Occafion : 
 
 Louis les animant du feu de fon courage, 
 
 Se plaint de fa grandeur qui I'atache au rivage. 
 
 Lewis infpires them by his flaming Coiirage^ 
 And grieves his Great nefs binds him to the Banks. 
 
 Mr. 'Prior ^ who knew that King better than any o- 
 ther good Englip Proteftant, fays, it was not his Great- 
 nefs^ but his Fear which bound him : 
 
 Againji his Will you chain your frighted King 
 On rapid Rhine'j divided "Bed. 
 
 As it is well known how King Le-ims came to the 
 Rhine^ and how he got away, it would be impertinent 
 to add to Mr. Prior's Account of it. But it is as well 
 known how King WilUa?7t march'd to the Soyney and 
 how glorioufly he return'd. Thus Mr. Addifon of his 
 Mufe, addrefs'd to that King : 
 
 She oft hasfeen thee prejfmg on the Foe^ 
 When Europe "joas concerned in ev'ry Slow 5 " 
 But durfi not in heroick Strains rejoyce^ 
 The Tru?/2petSt ^riims, md Cannons^ drowned her" 
 
 (Voice. 
 
 V 5 She 
 
e^4 The ARTS of 
 
 S/oefa'ivfl'e Boync run thick -'juitb human Gore^ 
 y^nd flonrifjg Corps lye beating on the Store. 
 She faijc thee dimb the Thanks, but try'd in vain 
 I'd trace her Hero through the dufty 'Plain, 
 When thro' the thick cr,2battel\l Lines he broke, 
 Nozv plunged amid the Foes, now lojl in Clouds of 
 
 (Smoke. 
 
 King William^s Greatnefs lifted liim up the Banks of the 
 jBoyne, King Ze-:vis\ bound him faft to the Borders of 
 the Rhine ^ that's all the Difference ^ juft as much as 
 between Magnanimity and Pudlammity. 
 
 Lopez de l^cga, in his Jcrufalsin Conquefiada, makes 
 an Epitaph en the Emperor Frederick, who came to 
 Confiantifwpl? with his viflorious Army, and was drown- 
 ed in the River Cydnus as he was bathing himfelf after 
 JJunting : Upon which fiys the Spanijb Poet, 
 
 Naci en tierra, fui fucgo, en aqua muero. 
 
 Sorn on the Earth, he in the Water dy^dj 
 And --xas himfelf all Fire. 
 
 I N the Speflator, N°. 6z. we have a Touch or two 
 en this very Subjedl, which will very much enlighten 
 what is f-iid of it by Father Souhcurs, who, in the fame 
 Sped^ator, is faid to be the ?;2oft penetrating of the French 
 
 Cri ticks, " The Paffion of Love in its Na- 
 Co\i'ky. *' ture, has been thought to rcfemble Fire j 
 
 " for which Reafon the Words Fire and Flame 
 *' are rpadc ufe of to fignify Love. The witty Poets 
 ** therefore have taken an Advantage, from the double 
 •* Meaning of the Word Fire, to make an infinite Num- 
 ♦* ber of VVitticifms. Ci)x/(?y obferving the cold- Regard 
 ** of his Millrefs's Eyes, and, at the fame Time, their 
 *' Power of producing Love in himfelf, confiders them 
 *' as Surning-Glajfes mad^of Ire , and finding himfelf 
 f able to live in the grearei]: Extremities of Love, con- 
 *• eludes the Torrid Zone to be habitable. VN'hen his 
 " Millrcfs has read his Letter, written in Juice of Le- 
 *' mon, by holding it to the Fire, he defircs her to read 
 *' it over a fccondTime by Love's Flames : When fhe 
 " weqis, he \vi flics it were inward Heat that diftill'd 
 ♦' thofc Drops from the Limbeck: When fhe is abfent, 
 *' hj is beyond Eigiity j that is. Thirty Degrees nearer 
 *' the Pole than when iLc i? with him. His ambitious 
 
 " Love 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. ipj 
 
 *' Love is a Fire that naturally mounts upwards. His 
 " happy Love is the Beams of Heaven, and his unhappy 
 " Love the Flames of Hell. When it does not let him 
 *' fleep, it is a Flame that fends up no Smoak ; when 
 " it is oppos'd by Counfel and Advice, it is a Fire that 
 *' rages the more by the Winds blowing upon it. — — . 
 I confefs, I am quite tir'd with repeating fo much of it, 
 and yet the Spedator has not half done j nor does he 
 part with it upon ill Terms, giving the Authqr the 
 Charaftcr of having as much true Wit as any 'Poet that 
 ever zvrit. If by Wit, he meant Fancy or Imagination, 
 It is right 5 Cowley's Genius was ever fruitful, and would 
 bear on the moft barren Ground : But if by true Wit, 
 he meant what he himfelf fays after\vards, that all 
 'Thoughts to be beautiful^ mujl be juj}, and have their 
 Foundation from the Nature of Things j then Cozvley 
 had not fo much of true Wit gisTheocritus^ j4nacreo/\ 
 CatulluSy TibulluSy Horace^ Sic. among the Antientsj 
 as Voiture, Sarafin^ La Fontaine, irallcr, fValJh, 'Prior ^ 
 &c. among the Moderns. But I have obferv'd, that the 
 Spectator^ in Oppofition to his own Rule, feldom takes 
 Isiotice of any Beauties which had not been diftinguifhed 
 before by others as well as by himfelf, either in Writing 
 or Converfation. I do not fay this in the leaft Diminu- 
 tion of the Merit of that Gentleman as a Poet or Critick. 
 He had as much of it as any Man, but to let the Rea- 
 der a little into the Art of the SpeBator 5 for if we are 
 not to remark Beauties which have been remark'd before, 
 he has, in a great Meafure, engrofs'd the Market to him- 
 felf, by tranfcribing the moil beautiful Paflliges of Mil- 
 ton, and other Poets. Belidcs, that Art appears vilibly, 
 in his Caution as to the Chara^ler of Authors, there be- 
 ing no better Way to fecure his own valuable one, than 
 by doing Hqnour to that of others. Thus of Cozvley^ 
 he fiys, he -zvas an admirable Poet, had as Dit'.ch true 
 Thought as any Author tPjat ever ivrit, and indeed^ 
 all other Tallents of an estraordinary Gsnius ; which 
 was Co-zvley's Charadicrillick 60 or 70 Years ago, before 
 Numbers and Verfification were fb well underftood as 
 now they are. And it is moft certain, that Cozvley did. 
 not undcrftand Verfification and Numbers, in the Per- 
 fc^ion to which frailer, jDryden, &c. have brought 
 them ^ and confequently had not that Talent of an ex-, 
 traordinary Genius'. The Spe6tator^ as a Critick, is 
 
 U 4 not 
 
>p5 The KKi: S of 
 
 not without a Smack of the Charafler of Lord ^laufible 
 as a Gentleman. But I think it is fomething like a 
 Surgeon, who fhou'd tickle his Patient's broken Leg, 
 inflead of fetting it : For after all I have faid of Mr. 
 Co'vcky's Love and Flre^ there is this ftill to come 5 
 ** Upon the Dying of a Tree, in which he had cut his 
 ** Loves, heobferves, that his written Flames had burnt 
 *' up, and wither'd the Tree : When he refolves to 
 *' give over his Paflion, he tells us, that one burnt like 
 *' him, for ever dreads the Fire 5 ivhich^ by the -zmyy 
 " is ds lozv and vulvar, as it is affeEied 5 A bumf 
 *' Child, his Heart is an JEtna, that inflead of Vul- 
 *' cj;;''" Shop, inclofes Cupid's Forge in it. His endea- 
 ** vounng to drown his Love in Wine, is throwing 
 *' Oil upon the Fire. He would infinuate to his Mi- 
 *' ftrefs, that the Fire of Love, like that of the Sun, 
 *' (which produces fo many living Creatures) ihould not 
 *' only warm but beget. Love in another Place cooks 
 " Pleafure at his Fire. Sometimes the Poet's Heart 
 " is frozen in every Breaft, and fometimes fcorched in 
 " every Eye : Sometimes he is drowned in Fears, and 
 *' burnt in Love, like a Ship fet on Fire in the Middle 
 *' of the Sea". The very falfe Thought \vhich 'Pere 
 Soubours had jull cenfur'd. 
 
 L'un fe brufle dans I'onde au feu I'autre fe noye. 
 
 Q/te^s hurfit in Waves, anothefs dro-ji}n\l in Fire. 
 
 • 
 
 I AM the longer upon this, becaufe it is very dange- 
 rous to recommend Authors who abound in falfe Wit, 
 tho' they may alfo abound in true, as Coziley does j as 
 it is to deal with a Banker whofe Money is half Coun- 
 terfeit. A nice Judgment diftinguifhes the true from 
 the fxlfe, but in common Currency the one paffes for 
 the other ; and he that keeps it by him, is fure to be 
 the Lofcr at laft. And thus we are come again to Al- 
 le^o}y, as alfo to that of Seneca, fpeaking of Triamus 
 King of Troy, whofe dead Body remain'd unburicd. 
 llle tot Regiim parens caret fepidcro Triamus, ^ flam- 
 T/i^indiget ardentel^roja. In Troad. Aft. i. The Fa- 
 ther of fo many Kings had no Sepulcher, and wanted 
 Fire while Troy was in Flames. ' ^ere ^cuhours tells 
 1^15,^ this Thought is trop, recherche, too far fetched , 
 w%h., I think, is too foft a Term for it, "i'ls talfe, he 
 Sk wante4 
 
L o G I c K and R h e t o r i c k. 297 
 
 wanted not Fire : 'Tis Quibbling in the moft fcrious 
 Matter. A King dead, and a City in Flames. And 
 that is mon(lrura horrendum. Another Poet has almoft 
 the fame Thovight, on the fame Subject. 
 Priamumque in littore truncum 
 Cui non Troja rogus. 
 For Priam'i Sody breatblefs on the Shore ^ 
 "Not flaming Troyxou'd make a Funeral ^ik. 
 
 This is not however, fo extravagant and jejune as 
 that of Seneca. Nothing is more vicious in a Thought, 
 than when it is affected on a melancholy Subjcft. Paf- 
 fion will not admit of the leaft Affectation. Tis an E- 
 motion of Nature, and fpends it felf in Thinking. Thus 
 at once fall all our Similes in Tragedies 3 and the Poets 
 have been told of it a thoufand Times. 
 So Soar and iba-, 'xheu any Storm is nigh. 
 Snuff up. Rehearfal. 
 
 Laugh'd out of Countenance 2)rydenSy 
 
 So t-ixo kind T^urrlss^ ii'hen a Storm, is nigh. 
 Look up. Cong. Gran. 
 
 Yet the Poets are ftill fo fond of Similes, that they 
 are perpetually ftealing them from one another, to adorn 
 their Tragedies with them. Their Similes, like their 
 Rants, are generally rhim'd j and the A61:or, as well as 
 the Poet, delighting himfelf extremely in being clapt right 
 or wrong, it will be a hard Matter to bring them off from 
 this ill Cullom. Morteux wrote a Tragedy, as he call'd it, 
 which, when it was acted, occafioned a Laugh and a Clap, 
 from one End to the other, to the great Satisfaction of the 
 Poet and Player : For a Day or two Motteux hugg'd him- 
 felf behind the Scenes, and cry 'd, I kne-uoit -ivoud take^ 
 upon which, Mr. Roive, who over-heard him, look'd 
 about upon him, and retorted, 'D'ye call that T'akingl 
 Ay, certainly 5 it has been the Way of Taking ever 
 fince I knew the Playhoufe, and we defpair of any bet- 
 ter Way for the Future. The EngUp Dramma, if not 
 the EfigliJJi Mufe, being almoft as much loft, as ever 
 were xh^Greek and Roman, if I ought to quibble my felf 
 when I am impleading others for Quibbling, I cou'd 
 add, our Poets do indeed raife Pity, but it is for thcm- 
 felves, and not for their Heroes and Heroines, Mr. Ro'vs 
 pftends very much in the M.itter of Simile j Mir-Zia-, in 
 
 the 
 
2p8 i:he ARTS of 
 
 the Ambitions, Step-Mother^ when he had no lefs in 
 \iis Head than 
 
 I'd fire the T'ernple^ and then kill the King. 
 
 Speaking of his Maflrer's curfing the happy Fraud that 
 caught him, brings in a Lyon to be his Likenefs. 
 
 Like a Lyon^ 
 Who lofi(r has reign'' d the iTerror of the Woods y 
 j^nd dafd the boldefi Huntfmen to the Comha t j 
 'J'iU catch'd at len^th^ he bites the Toils that hold 
 And roarSy and rolls his fiery Eyes in vain. (hirriy 
 White the furroiinding Sixains at Tleafure wound hi7ny 
 And make his 'Death their Sport. 
 */hus Wit fi ill gets the Mafiery, &c. 
 
 I KNOW not what the Poets cou'd have done, without 
 the Zyo»y the Soar, the Sear, the Sull in the Grand 
 '^'ay of Writing j the 2)ovCy the Nightingale the Lark 
 jnthe Agreeable Way ; the Fox, the Monkey, the O-zvl'in 
 f he Merry Way •-, thcJ dragon, x\vt Griffin, and the VuU 
 ture in the Terrible. In Lee's defar Borgia, Sellami- 
 r^y is eternal Spring 5 the blue Heavens, a Cherubira ; 
 fParadJfe, the Land of Love ; dijl tiling "Balm, and the 
 Firfi . Maid, all in one Speech j at the fime Tinie that 
 her Lover fliys, 
 
 She reigns more fully in my Soul than ever 5 
 She garrifons my Breaft, and raans againfi me 
 Hven my oivn Rebel 'Thoughts. 
 
 And as to the Lyon aforefaid, 2)ryden has him in 
 almofl all his Plays and Poems. 
 
 "Thus as a hungry Lyon, &c. 
 
 .S'^ --when the generous Lyon. 
 
 As ivhen the S-zvalns the Lybian Lyon chace. 
 
 Tljus as a L^yon ivhen hefpies. 
 
 And an Hundred more in Padion, and out of Paffion ; 
 widiRcafon, and without Reafon, :;sit happens^ Light- 
 ning and Thunder, Storms and Ship-zvrerks, Se^.s, Ri- 
 i-erSy Floods, and Lmndations ^ Fountains a,nd Strea?7zs ; 
 the Rvfi', the Lilly, the Briar, the Oak, the ^oplar^ 
 the Ehfi, and the Hm ^ 'Day and Night, Mornings 
 Noon, and Evening; : Every Wind upon the Compafs, 
 aii.l every Star in Heaven, are Piurt of the Poets Stores, 
 
 and 
 
 I 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. 299 
 
 land ferve for Simile upon all Occafions j nay, very often 
 upop no Occafion at all. As Mirza^ in the Step-Mo- 
 ther^ when he is in the very Tranfportsof Defire, and 
 ready for a Rape, begins with a Simile. 
 
 Fierce as a to-jo'ring Fakonjrom her Height ^ 
 Ijloop tofirike the 'Prey. 
 
 Yet all the while his Soul was in fuch Agonies, that he 
 cou'd not bear 
 
 'ithe fierce convulfive St arts ^ the raging Fla'me 
 ^hat drinks his Shod. 
 
 And Orchanes cominp; to tell him that his Daughter was 
 dead, begins his Meflage as much in hafte as it was with 
 a Simile. 
 
 Loud as the roaring Ocean in a Storm. 
 
 And Axallas, in Tamerlane, courts Sajazet''s Daughter 
 with Similes. 
 
 So breathe the gentle Zephirs on the Spring, 
 So chears fome pious Saint a dying Sinner. 
 
 And when he's mad with Love, and hears his Miilrefs, 
 he cries, 
 
 Not Voices, InJlrmnentSy nor 'warbling Sirds, 
 Not tuneful Nature, not according Spheres, 
 Not Winds, not murmuring Waters, &c. 
 Utter fuch Harmony. 
 
 'T I s endlefs to repeat fuch Inftances : Every Play is 
 cramm'd with them, Ot-zvay makes them every where 
 in the greateft Diftrcfs : The Violence of R;ige, and 
 the Meltings of Tendernefs, when the Soul is either 
 loft in a Hurricane of Fury, or in fweet Confulions of 
 Love and Joy, and has not Leifure for Reflection, of 
 which Simile is the greateft Effort 5 and particularly 
 in fcricus Subjcfts. Every Thing that is not 
 in Nature, is monftrous. Points are the moft Joints. 
 unnatural Things in the World 3 yet what 
 '^JTancrcd fays on Clorinda's Tomb, is full of them. 
 
 O Saflo amato & honorato tanto 
 
 Che d'entro hai Ic mie fiamme, e fuofi il pianto : 
 
 Non di morte fei tu : ma di vivaci 
 
 Cenere albergo ovo e ripofto Amorc. 
 
 I Ob 
 
300 T:he ARTS of 
 
 Oh dear and honour'' d Marble^ thou lulthin 
 fDofi hold my Flames of Love., my 'Tears ivithout 5 
 Thou Jhak not be the 'Drivelling of the 'Deady , 
 Sut of the living T)uf 'where dzvclls ray Love. 
 
 This playful Way of Thinking does not agree wiA 
 Tears, and a Soul in Grief has not Leifure to be ftring- 
 ing of Points : And what is faid of Tancred before, is 
 much more reafonable. 
 
 Pallido, freddo ; muto, e quad privo 
 Di movimento el marmo gli occhi alSfle : 
 Al fin fgorgando un lagrimofo rivo 
 In un languid© obime proruppe e difTe. 
 
 ^ale^ ccldy fad, coinfortlefs, of Senfe depriv^dy 
 Upon the Marble grey he fixt his Sight, 
 Thvo Streams of Tears iverefrom his Eyes deriv^dy 
 Thus -zvith a fad alas '. began the Knight. 
 
 Fairfix. 
 
 To do what ? Why to fay pretty Things ; juft as decent 
 as it would be for a Chief Mourner at a Funeral, to 
 dance a Jigg with his black Cloak and Weeds. Taffo had 
 much better have made Tancred fay nothing, as he did, 
 upon that Knight's difcovering the Perfon whom he 
 had mortally wounded in Fight, to be Clorinda, whofe 
 Helmet was taken off from her to be baptiz'd before 
 :(he dy'd. He then fays only, 
 
 I^a vide e la conobbe j e refto fenza 
 
 E voce e moto. Ahi vifta ! ahi conofcenza 1 
 
 TVith trembling Hands, her leaver he unty^d. 
 Which done, he fa-zv, and feeing;, kne-zv her Face : 
 Jlnd loft there-zvith his Speech and Moving quite^ 
 Oh -ucoful K'tozdeige ! Ah unhappy Sight .' 
 
 But as foon as he comes to himfelf he fpeaks, and very 
 finely too for a Man in his Condition. 
 
 ■ ■ — Ovifo che puoi far la morte 
 
 Dolce j ma raddclcir non puoiraia forte. 
 
 O Face in Death, fiill f^joeet and fair. 
 Thou canft not fimetenyet., my Gritf and Care. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 
 Where 
 
LOGICK ^W^ RhE TORI CK. 30I 
 
 Where is that Simplicity which is the only true Beauty 
 in fuch Kind of Sentiments : What I'cincred fays at firll 
 is more natural, and pleafes more. 
 
 Id vivo ? io fpiro ancora ? e gli odiofi 
 Rai miro ancor di quefto infiufto die ! 
 
 jVbat ! Live I yet ? And do I breathe and fee 
 Of this accurfed "Day the hateful Light. 
 
 'T I s with Sancerre in the Princefs of Cleves, as with 
 7'ancred in the Gicriifalem??2e : His Affliftion has more 
 of Nature in it in the Beginning, than in the End. 
 Sancerre is in extreme Grief at the Death of Madame 
 de 'Toitrnon^ and cries, She is dead, and I 'will live no 
 longer. There he ftiould have ftopp'd • inftead of which, 
 he goes on ; / a7n as much griev dfor her jDeath, as if 
 Jhe had been conftant 5 and as fenfible of her Inconftan- 
 cy, as if pe had not been dead : I cannot receive any 
 Comfort, nor can I hate her : Her Lofs troubles me more 
 than her Infidelity. I don't think her guilty enough to 
 confent to her lieath, and fay to the feign d ^affion 
 foe had for me the fame I'ribute of Grief that -zvould 
 have been due to true Love. All which is much too in- 
 genious for a Man in Sorrow. All Conceit on fuch Occa- 
 fions are unfeafonable, as Tiionyfius Halicarnafpeus 
 teaches us, Omnes in re feria verborum deli c ice etiam 
 non ineptee, intempefivde funt, ^ co772mifcrationi plu- 
 rimum adverfantur. In Judic. de libcr. Can there be 
 a Subject more dreadful than the Plague of Athens, as 
 it is defcrib'd by ^hucydides ? Yet Dr. Sprat, late Bi- 
 fhop of Rocbefter in his Poem upon it mixes Flowers 
 and Graces with Sickneis and Death : Speaking of the 
 burning Fevers which confum'd the Infected, he fays, 
 
 ^he Woods gave Funeral 'Piles no ?/wre, 
 T'be Tie ad the very Fire devour 5 
 , No Place is facrcd, and no I'omb, 
 ''Lis noiv a Privilege to confume. 
 Then fpeaking to the Plague. 
 
 Carry thy Fury to the Scythian Coafls, 
 'The Northern fFildernefs, and Internal Frofts! 
 Againfi thofe barbarous Crowds thy Arro-zrs ivhet, J 
 Where Arts and La-ivs are Strangers yet, C 
 
 IVhere thou mayf kill, and yet the Lofs ivill notC 
 
 {be great. * 
 There 
 
302 the ARTS of 
 
 'There rage:, there Jpread^ and there i^/fetl the Air^ 
 Murthcr -'xhole To-jcm and Families there j 
 y^hy ivorjl againjl thofe Savage Nations dare^ 
 Thofe -'xhom Alankind can [pare j 
 yJmidit that dreadful Night and fatal Coldy "p 
 
 There thou ?itay\(l -zvalk unfeen and held j > 
 
 There ht thy Flair/es thsir Empire hold, 3 
 
 Unto the fart hef Seas, and Nature's Ends, 
 Where never Summefs Sun its Searas extends ; 
 Carry thy \Plagues, thy 'Pains, thy Heats ^ 
 Thy raging Fires, thy torturing S-n'cats^ 
 Where never Ray nor Heat did come^ 
 They --jcill rejoyce at fuch a 7)oom y 
 They II blefs thy pejlilential Fire^ 
 Though by it they expire ; 
 
 They II thank the very Flames zviih 'xhich they do 
 
 {confume. 
 
 We remember when the Plague went farther North 
 than Scythia, when it left the beautiful City o{ 2)antzick 
 a Defart. Did the \Poles and Ruffes thank the fiery 
 Peftilence that devour'd them ? Is It at fuch Fires that 
 People covet to warm themfelves ! It will not bear Re- 
 mark. The Numbers and Sentiments of that Poem ^.re 
 rude and difagrecable, and I wonder that it ever had 
 its Admirers. I have already taken notice that Mr. Ro'vc^ 
 who had an excellent Genius for Tragedy, ufes no Con- 
 feience in breaking in upon Decorum, with refpeft to' 
 Simile, a Subjeft I cannot part with till I have cxplain'd 
 his Art in it a little farther. Rodogunc, in hisRoval Con- 
 vert, is a Charafter of Love and Fury mixt ^ Aribert re- 
 fufes to anfwer her Paflion : On the contrary, he owns 
 the Violence of his Love for Ethellnda : Upon which, 
 Rodogune, who has them both in her Power, condemns 
 rhem to die ; 
 
 Then take thy Tf'Jp, and let both die together. 
 Tes, I -zvill tear thee out from my Remembrance : 
 Hence "xith them, take 'em, drive 'em frotn ?ny Sight. 
 
 ^. ., Here's the utmoft Violence of Pafllon, and in 
 the very Agony her Love follows him with 
 her Eyes. 
 
 That Lookfjall be my laji. 
 
 A fin<^ 
 
L o G I c K and R h e t o r i c k." 305 
 
 A fine Stroke, extreamly natural, if he had llopt there j 
 but fhe goes on : 
 
 I feel my Soul^ impatient of its bondage, 
 fDifdainin^ this utfwortby idle '^Pajfion, 
 j^ndjlrug^ling to be free. No-iVy no^iv it pooti^ 
 It to-jors upon the Wi)ig to Crowns and Empire^ 
 While 'Love and Aribert, thofc meaner Names^ 
 Are left^ far^ far behindy and loft for ever. 
 
 This is very plainly faid on purpofe to introduce the 
 Simile flie has the good Luck to think of in the Height 
 of her Tranfport. And by the Shootings the T'owring, 
 and the Wing^ you might forefee it would be an Eagle . 
 
 So if by Chance the Eagle's noble Offspring, 
 Taen in the Nefi^ becomes fome 'Peafant's Prize. 
 
 Thus far without Rhime ; but the refi ©f the Verfcs arc 
 tigg'd with it to prepare fof a Clap at the End, which 
 it leldom tnill, as has been already hinted : 
 
 Compelled a 'vohile^ he bears his Cage and Chains^ 
 And like a 'Pris'ner "jcith the Clown remains ; 
 Sut when his Plumes Jhoot forth^ and Pinions fiveU, 
 He quits the Rujlick, and his homely Cell, 
 Sreaks from his Sonds, and in the Face of Day ^ 
 Full in the Sun's bright Seams he f oars a-ivay, 
 Tlays with Jove'5 Shafts^ and grafps his dreadful 
 
 {Sow, 
 2)-wells with immortal Gods, and fcorns the IVbrkl 
 
 {belo'Dc. 
 
 iSI o w has not all this fine Image any Agreement with 
 the State of her Mind : If ihe means that by the Eagle, 
 and Aribert by the Clozvn, it is all Extravagance, if 
 not Nonfenfe ; but in Seafon or out of Seafon, we muit 
 have the Wing, the Soaring, the 'Toivring, the S earns ^ 
 the immortal Gods, a rant Rhime and a Clap. This 
 was one of the Traps that Mr. Roiv laid for Claps ^ the 
 Exits of the principal Perfons in this Play arc all tag'd 
 with Rhime, and there was clapping from one End U) 
 the other, though the Sentiments had feldom any juft 
 Relation to the Subjeft in thofe Places at Icaft. ' The 
 Players never did or ever will mind that ; if they are 
 applauded, whether right or wrong, 'tis all one ; and 
 probably they do not know when it^is right and when it 
 
304 "The ARTS of 
 
 is wrong ; or if they do, their Vanity is fuperior to their 
 Judgment. The Author of the "-/atlcr, N*^ 43. haS 
 taken fofne Notice of this : "There is nothing fo forced 
 and condrain^d as "jckat '•Joe frequently incet 'with in 
 Tragedies^ to make a Man under the Weight of a great 
 Sorro-iv, or full of jMeditation upon -zvhat he is to execute y 
 cafi about for a Siralle to -zvhat he himfelf fs, or the 
 ^hins; zschich he is going to aEf. I can hardly think Mr. 
 jiddijbn wrote that Tatler^ there being in it a juft Com- 
 plement upon himfelf 3 but what is there faid is very 
 well worth repeating : " There is nothing more proper 
 *' and natural for a Poet, whofe Bufincfs is to defcribe, 
 *' and who is Speftator of one in that Circumflance, 
 *' when his Mind is working up a great Image , and 
 *' that the Ideas hurry upon his Imagination 5 I fay, 
 *' there is nothing fo natural for a Poet to relieve and 
 *' clear himfelf from the Burthen of Thought at that 
 •' time, by altering his Conception in Simile and Meta- 
 *' phor. The higheft Art of the Mind of Man, is to 
 ** poflefs it felf with Tranquility in eminent Danger, 
 *' and to have its Thoughts fo free as to a6l at that time 
 *' without Perplexity. The ancient Authors have com- 
 *' par'd this fedate Courage to a Rock that remains un- 
 *' moveable amidft the Rage of Winds and Waves 5 hwt 
 *' that is too flupid and inanimate a Similitude, and 
 *' could do no Credit to the Hero. At other times they 
 *' are all of them wonderfully oblig'd to a Lybian Lion, 
 *' which may give, indeed, very agreeable Terrors to a 
 *' Defcription, but is no Compliment to the Perfon to 
 *' whom it is apply'd. Eagles, Tygcrs, and Wolves, 
 *' are made ufe of on the flime Occafion, and very 
 *' often with much Beauty 5 but this is ftill an Honour 
 " done to the Brute rather than the Hero : Mars, 
 " ^ alias ^ !Bacchus^ and Hercules, have each of them 
 " furnifh'd very oood Similes in their Time , and 
 *' made, doubtlefs, a greater Impreflion on the Mind 
 " of a Heathen than they have on that of a modern 
 " Reader. But the fublime Image I am talking of, 
 " and which I really think as great as ever entcr'd into 
 " the Thought of Man, is in the Poem call'd The 
 " Campaign, where the Simile of a miniftring Angel 
 ** fcts forth the moft fedate and the moft aiflivc Courage, 
 *' engaged in an Uproar of Nature, a Confiiflon of Ele- 
 '•' nients, and a Scene of divine Vengeance. Add to all, 
 
 " that 
 
L o G I c K 'ai^d Rhetoric K» 305 
 
 '* that thefe Lines complement the General and his 
 
 " Qiieen at the fame time ; and have all the natural 
 
 *' Horrors hei^htned by the Image that was Hill frcih in 
 
 " the Mind of ever)- Pveader : 
 
 'Tivas then great Marlboro'^ mWhty Soul "Ji^as prov^J, 
 
 7'hat^ in the Shock of charging Hojls un?'aov^d, 
 
 Arnid^ Confujion, Horror^ and 'Defpair^ 
 
 Examin''d nil the dreadful Scenes of War ; 
 
 In peaceful T'honght the Field cf Death furveyi^ 
 
 ^0 fainting Squadrons fent the timely Aid-, 
 
 Inppifd repuhW 'Battalions to engage^ 
 
 And taught the doubtfid "Battle kvhcre to rags^ 
 
 So 'xhen an Angela by di'uine Command, 
 
 With rifing^ 'Tempefis jhakes a guilty Land 5 
 
 Such as of late o'er pale Britannia pajt^ 
 
 Calm and fercne he drives the furious Slafl 5 
 
 And picas' d th' Almighty's Orders to perform^ 
 
 Rides in the Whirkvind and directs the Stornz. 
 
 The Thought is doubtlefs very grand 5 but the Cri- 
 tick had forgot Milton^ when he faid, V/3" as great as 
 ever atiy itas. Read that Paflage where the Son of God 
 drives the fallen Angels out of Heaven : 
 
 So [pake the Son^ and into if err or chatted 
 His Countenance, toofevere to he beheld j 
 And full of Wrath bent on his Enemies. 
 At once the Fourfpread out their farry Wtngi 
 With dreadful Shade contiguous, and the Orbs 
 Of his fierce Char riot rout d as -zvith the Sound 
 Of torrent Floods, cr of a num'7'ous Hoft. 
 He on his impious Foes right onzvard drove. 
 Gloomy as Night 5 under his burning Wheels 
 I'hefedfaft Fmpyrcean (iiook throughout ^ 
 All but the T'hrc'ne itself of God. 
 
 Here one muft paufe. Intelligence cannot extend it feli 
 equally to the Imagination of the Poet, without Fai/» 
 and Relting, 
 
 ""'■• Full foon 
 Among than he arrivd, in his right Hand 
 Grafping ten thoufand Fhunders, ivhich hefent 
 Sefore him, fuch as in their Souls infixed 
 'iPlagues : They, aftonipcd, all Ref fiance lofi. 
 All CGiiraire s, doi^n th^ir idle IVeapom dropt : 
 
•^o'6 Ihe ARTS ^f 
 
 Cct Shields ami Helms, and helmed Heads he rode^ 
 OfT'hrones and mighty Seraphim , proftratCy 
 Uhat -wip'd the Mountains now might he again 
 ^hro'icn on them, as a Shelter from his Ire: 
 Nor lefs on either Side tempejluous fell 5 
 His j^rrcxs, fro?ii the four-fold vifag'd Four, 
 ^ijiintl ivith Eyes 5 and from the living IVheeU^ 
 2)ijlin5f alike, "jcith Multitude of Eyes ^ 
 One Spirit in them ruVd, and every Eye 
 Glafd Lightning, and Jim forth pernicious Fire. 
 
 Mr. Congreve, in his Ode upon the taking of Nirwr/r, 
 has a Thought foraething like that of Mr. Addifon's : 
 
 jlmidjl this Rage, behold "cvbereVdUhmJiandSj 
 
 Undaunted, undifraay^d 1 
 tf^th Faceferene d'ifpenfmg dread Commands, 
 Which heard ivith Awe, are ivith delight obeyed. 
 A thoufand fiery 'Deaths around hi?nfly. 
 And burning Sails hifs harmlejs by j 
 For evry Fire his f acred Head muft fpare," 
 Nor dares the Lightning touch the Laurels there. 
 
 I FLATTER my felf the Reader will be pleas'd ta 
 fee how the fame Thought imagin'd by two Poets Hands' 
 in the fame Light. In Mr. Congreve's Ode before mcn- 
 tion'd there is this Image of the Gyants War with Hea- 
 ven, an Allegory of the Storming of Namur : 
 
 RcfemblingthuSy as far 
 
 As Hace of Men inferior may, 
 
 "The fam^d gygantick War, 
 When thofe tall Sons of Earth did Heav*n afpire^ 
 
 A brave but itnpious Fire ! 
 Uprooting Hills with ?noJl jiupendous HalCy 
 
 'J'oform the high and di^dful Scale. 
 'The Gods "joith Horror and Amaze lookt dozvnt 
 
 Seholding Rocks frora their Sajis rent 
 Mountains on Mountains thrown. 
 
 With threatning Hurl^ that pook th* ALtlmial 
 
 (Firmaments 
 n Atterdpt did Fear in Heav'n create, 
 E^jn Jove defpondingfate ; 
 '7/7/ Mars with all his Force coUeEled foody 
 And poufd 'xhole JVar on the rebellious Srood 5 
 
 Who 
 
1. o G I c K and R h e t o r i c k.' '307 
 
 Who tumbling headlong from tJf empyreal Skies, 
 O'er-wbelm'd rhofe llUh by Kvbich they thought to rife : 
 Mars on the Gods did then his Aid befo-zi\ 
 And nonx in godlike Yf illiam forms liith equal Force 
 
 (bekti\ 
 
 Im this Image the Poet takes a grcrit deal of Pains to 
 rife 5 but the Reader is left behind : Whereas Milton's 
 Mufe takes him upon her Wing, and bears him with her 
 to the Skies : As where the Angels encounter Satan and 
 his Crew within the Walls of Heaven : 
 
 Rage prompted the???, at laft^ and found them Arms ; 
 Light as the Lightning Glimps they ran^ they fe-zv 3 
 Fro;p2 their Foundations , looking to and fro, 
 'J'hey pluckt the feared Hills, '•jcith all their Load^ 
 Rocks, Heaters, IFooJs 5 and by the flaggy 'Tops 
 Uplifting, bore them in their Hands. Amaze^ 
 Sefure, and Terror feiz^d the rebel Hoft, 
 When coming tozvar as them, fo dread theyfazjo 
 The 'Bottom of the Mountains up-zvard turn'dy 
 
 And on their Heads j 
 
 Main Promontories flung^ "jchich in the Air 
 
 Came f) ado-wing 
 
 So Hills ainid the Air encounter'' d HilUy 
 HurVd to and fro, ixith jfaculation dire. 
 
 As Similes are vicious in all Thoughts of Sorrow or 
 Paffion of any Kind, fo are Antithefes and Apojf raphes : 
 According to 2)emetrius. Whaler. Lenitati ^ co^npofi- 
 tionl numerofieftudere non eft hominis commoti, fed luden- 
 tis, ^ potilisfefe oftentantis. DeElocvit. Of this Kind 
 is what Taffo makes Tancred fay : 
 
 Dunque i vivro tra memorandi eflempi j 
 Mifero moftro d'infelice amore ; 
 Mifero moftro, a cui Ibl pena e degna 
 De I'immenfa impieta la vita indegaa. 
 
 A •zt'oful Monfter of unhappy Love, 
 
 Who fill 7/2UJI live leaf 2)eath his Comfort prove. 
 
 Fairfax, 
 
 Here all the Criticifm of 'Pere Souhottrs is loft j the 
 playing upon the Words dcgna and indegna agrees not 
 ^'ith cxtream Grief ; 
 
3o8 ne ART S of 
 
 A ii'oful Monftey of unhappy Love ; 
 
 A 'woful Monfier^ ixhc^for this curji Tieed^ 
 
 Is only ivorthy an mrxorthy Life. 
 
 Un'xonhy and Worthy ^ in En^UJh do not play To well 
 together as degna and indegna in the Italian. 'Iancred'6 
 Apoflrophe to his Hands and Eyes are intolerable : 
 
 Ahi man timida e lenta, hor che non ofi, 
 Tu che fai tutte del ferir le vie ^ 
 Tu miniftra di morte empia & infame, 
 Di quefta vita rea troncar lo ftame ! 
 
 Ah hafe and co-imrd Handy ivhy dofl thou fear 
 lo cut my 'thread of Ltfe, ivho knoivfifo «tr// 
 !7o cut the ^thread of others Lives ? 
 
 And again, 
 
 And ah I you Eyes, as crjel as my Handy 
 She gave the deadly Wounds and you hehold it^ 
 
 O di par con la man luci fpietate ! 
 Efla le piaghe fe, voi le mirate. 
 
 He had faid much better before, 
 
 To vivo ? io fpiro ancora? e gli odiofi 
 Rai miro ancor di quello infauilo die ! 
 
 Whaty live lyet^ and do 1 breathe and fee 
 Of this accurfedtDay the hateful Light! 
 
 Mr. Sprat y afterwards Bifhop of Rochefery on the 
 Death of his Millrefs who was drown'd, has fome pretty 
 Thoughts, which have juft as much of Affli6lion in them 
 as they have of Divinity : 
 
 S-zveet Stream^ that dofi 'with equal 'Paci 
 
 Soth thyfelffly and thy felf chace^ ^ 
 
 Forbear a "johile tofioiv^ J 
 
 And UJten to my Woe 5 fl 
 
 ^hen go and tell the Seay that all its Sritje 
 
 fsfrejjjy compared to mine 5 
 Inform it that the gentler 2)ame, 
 Who r.vas the Life of nil my Flame, 
 
 Haspajl the fatal Flood * 
 
 » Hi* 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. 309 
 
 His Head was To full of Trouble for the Death of his 
 Miftrefs, that he has no Room for 3imile, Apoftrophe, 
 Hyperbole, falfc Thought, ^c. as may be feen by the 
 above Verfes, which are very plainly an Imitation of 
 (7o-:t'/0''s Miftrefs j and an Imitation too of the very worft 
 Part of it, the Affeftation. I expcfl to be cenfur'd by 
 many Lovers of Poetry, for being fo free with the Cha- 
 radcr of the great Co-zvley, who, as a "Wit, deferves that 
 Title 5 but as a Poet he feems to have loft almoft all his 
 Merit in our Time. Dryden tells us, in his Preface to 
 Juvenal^ that Coixley copy'd Dr. T>onne to a Fault in 
 his Metapbyjicks, which his Love Verfes abound with : 
 " It throws, fays he, his Miftrefs infinitely below his 
 " Pmdaricks. jlgain^ I looked over the Darling of my 
 " Youth, the famous Coa'/^j' J where, inftead of Turns 
 *' of Wit, I found Points and Quirks of Epigram, even 
 " in the 2)avideiSy a Heroick Poem, which is of an op- 
 *' pofite Nature to thofc \PueriUties ; but no elegant 
 " Turns, either on the Word or on the Thought." 
 Now that Mirrour of Criticifm, Dr. Felton afTures us, 
 that Coivley's 'Davldeis, is as excellent a Poem as the 
 Ili^.s on JE?ieis j and I muft needs fay the Poet and the 
 Critick are very equal : The "Davideis being exaftly in 
 Comparifon with the JEneh^ as the Doctor would be to 
 Varro or ^lintilian. I have often wonder'd how it 
 came into the Head of that reverend Divine to criticife 
 on others, unlefs it was from his being fo fafe himfelf 5 
 for a Man muft have very little to do that can find time 
 to examine fuch Criticifms as his are. 
 
 The Prince, in Sir J'ohn 'Denham's Sophy ^ has an 
 Apoftrophe to the Gods , juft before his Eyes are burnt 
 out, where he plays upon a Word too : 
 
 Can ye heholdy ye Gods^ a ivronged Innocent -j 
 Or Jleeps your Juflice like my Father' i Mercy ? 
 Or are you blinds as I raujl be 
 
 And the King his Father, in the Bitternefs of his Sorrow 
 for his Cruelty towards his Son j and in the Lift Moments 
 of his Life, knowing himfelf to be dying of Poifon, has 
 two or three Similes to the Princcfs, his Son's Widow : 
 
 jT/.'o/Y, like unhappy Merchants^ "jjhofe Adventures 
 yire dafi'd on Rocki\ or fivallo-zv'd up in Storms j 
 Trujt all thy LoJJes to the Fates 3 hut /, 
 
 X 2 Like. 
 
'3IO The Mki: S of 
 
 Zlke waftcftd 'Prodigals, have cdji aivc.y 
 My Happincfs, and 'xith it all Afens 'Pity. 
 
 Yet two or three Lines after his Grief and Defpalr di- 
 flraft him : 
 
 Ohfave, fave mc : Who are thofe that fiand 
 jindfeem to threaten rae ? 
 
 Tes, that's ray 'Brothzfs Ghofi^ ivhofe 'Birth-right 
 *Tid\t me and Empire {^lood 
 
 As mad as he is, he's cool enough to think of a Simile. 
 
 .. Like a fpreading Cedar, 
 
 'that groivs to hinder fome delightful 'ProJpeB, 
 
 Hira I cut doixn Ney:t my eld Father sGhoji 5 
 
 'Then my enraged Son 1 come, I come. 
 
 ^ay, he dies with a Metaphor in his Mouth ; 
 
 'But fur c one HeWs 
 
 T'co little to contain me, and too narrom 
 For all 7iZy Crimes 
 
 The Prince, his Son, amidll the flrong Struggle be- 
 tween Tendernefs and Revenge, when he was about to 
 murder his little I)aughter Fatyraa 5 becaufe his Father 
 lov'd her, has Simile upon Simile : 
 
 I'o^ like a Ship ''fjoiv^t t-wo encountering T'ides, 
 Love that 'xas banip'd hence ivoudfain returny 
 ^/id force an Entrance j but Revenge, 
 'That's now the 'Porter of my Soul, is deaf, 
 ^caf as the Aider, and as full of Poifon. 
 
 Mr. Waller, in his Alterations of the yW^/i's Tragedy, 
 
 Euts an Allegory into the Month of the King, upon his 
 eing fenlible of fome Wrong he had done : 
 
 f My Paffion's gone, and Reafon's in the Throne^ 
 Jlmaz'-d, J fee the Mifchlefs I have done : 
 Jifter a Tempejl^ "xhen the Winds are laid, 
 'The calm Sea ivonders at the Wrecks it }nade. 
 
 Which is as deficient in Truth as in Decorum 5 and 
 when he goes off in a Tranfport for his Dcliverancej 
 there's a String of Similes in four or five Lines : 
 
 Of all --jce offer to the Pozv'rs above, 
 Trbe f-xfetejl Licenfe is fraternal. Love j^ 
 
 I Liki 
 
L o G I c K and R h e t o r i c k. 311 
 
 Like the rich Golds that rife from melted Gums ^ 
 It fpreads it felf and the 'whole IJles perfumes : 
 'Thisfacred Ufiion has preferv\l the State^ 
 j^ndfrom all T'empejt Jhall fecure our Fate^ 
 Like a ivell-t-wijled table ^ holding f aft 
 The anchor' d Veffel^ in the hudeft maft. 
 
 If this is to be excus'd any how, it is by what the King 
 fays himfelf. 
 
 His TaJfion''s gone^ and Reafon^s in the Throne. 
 
 But Father Soubours will not allow, that Perfons in 
 Affliction, or in the Hour of Death, ftiould be over 
 witty 5 their Thoughts /hould be fimple : And he tells 
 us, he's furpriz'd to read the Laft Words of Seneca, in 
 a little Book bearing that Title : His Sentiments and 
 Expreflions fivour much of the Declaimer and Acade- 
 mician. He is introduc'd, fpeaking after his Veins were 
 opened, and he did not bleed freely. " It feems as if 
 *' Nature would keep me alive againft my "Will, and 
 " flop the Channels, by which my Life fhould flow out. 
 *' This Blood, which does not run out at my openedi 
 *' Veins, is an Enemy to its Liberty, and much more 
 *' to mine. It comes but Drop by Drop, tho' my De- 
 " fires pufli it fonvard, as if it wou'd jullify NerOy and 
 " fhew he is not unjuft in fpilling it, fince it rebels a- 
 *' gainft his Commands. 
 
 *' Tii^E Blood that Is with Difficulty llopt in the 
 *' Wounds of others, will not ifllie out of mine, and 
 *• feems to have an Underflanding with Death, by ftick- 
 " ing clofer to me, as fhe keeps farther from me. 
 
 *' This Dagger, which only bluflics with the Blood of 
 *' 'Paulina^ as being afhamed of having wounded a Wo- 
 " man, and often having made the firft Openings to no 
 *' Purpofe, ihall make the laft with Effeft ". His Mind 
 muft, indeed, be very much at Eafe, to turn and wind 
 one Thought fb many Ways, when his Veins wei:e all 
 opened to let out Life. 
 
 Thcophiky in his 'Pyramus and I'hishc^ has this very 
 Thought of the Dagger. 
 
 Ah voici le poignard qui du fang de fon maitre 
 S'cft fouille lachement ! il en rougit le traitre. 
 
 Ah fee the T) agger ivirh its Afafter's Shod 
 Safely deJiVd. It bhpes like a Tray tor. 
 
 X 4 In 
 
312 The kKrS of 
 
 In Seneca' & Lafl Word>^ there is this alio, " As in- 
 ** fenfible as it is, it has Pity on Nero 5 and feeing him 
 ** labour under an infatiable Thirft, it opens him Foun- 
 *' tains, where he may (jucnch his Cruelty with Blood 5 
 " which is his common Drink ". 'Pere 'Sonboiii^ fays 
 he is not farpriz'd at Seneca's making Points at his Death. 
 Men dye as they live, and it would be a greater Surprize 
 to him, if the Approach of Death made any Alteration 
 in their Turn of Thought : 1 niuft needs fiy, I fhould 
 not be at all furpriz'd at it ; and there is fomething fo 
 much againft Nature in the Lolingher very Being, that 
 it might well alter a Man's Manner of Thinking 5 not 
 from the Serious to the Plcafint, but from the Pleafant 
 t© the Serious. However, it is no ftrange Thing to fee 
 People preferve their wonted Serenity, and even Gaiety 
 in their lalt Hours. \Ye have two Inftances of it, in two 
 Martyrs, a Popilh one, and a Proteftant one j Sir '■Tho- 
 mas Afore, the Popifh Martyr, as the Papifls term him, 
 in Henry the VIIl's Reign j and Dr. Taylor of Hadkyy 
 jn Queen AJarys. The Knight crack'd Jefts as he was 
 going to the Scaffold, and the Doftor as he was going 
 to the Stake. Sir Thoraas Afore defired the Hangman 
 to take Care of his Beard, for he was to behead him, 
 and not fliave him. And Dr. Taylor told the Sheriff, 
 he -was deceivdj and had deceived r/2any : Being ask'd 
 what he meant, Why^ fays he, I am a fat jelly Fello-zVy 
 as you fee here, and thought I pould have dy\i, and 
 been burled in my o-zvn Church-yard at Hadley, to have 
 heen a Feajl for the IForms there, -ivhich have long ex- 
 fe^ed me j but this flump 'Body of mine being to be 
 burnt, I am deceived in ?ny Grave, and the JVorms are 
 deceived in my Carkafs. Though fuch Sentiments have 
 Tnorc Complexion than Reflexion in them, yet they are 
 liar:,- Signs of a Calmnefs of Mind, and that the Diltrefs 
 the Perlons are in, have not been able to diflurb it. 
 
 B u T of th s Kind, nothing is m.orc extraordinary than 
 what Shakefpear and Otr.vc'.y nrake Sulpitius, a Roman 
 Geny^ril fay in Ca/HS AfariiiS, ashe'scarry'd off wounded, 
 im.Mediatel y afrer the utter Ruin of Afarius and his Party 5 
 " My Wound is not fo deep as a Well, nor fo wide as 
 *' a Church-Dcor, but 'tis deep enough, 'twill fcrve 5 
 " I am ^ic'pper'd, I warrant, for this VVorld : A Pox on 
 ^ all inad Men hereafter 3 if I get a Monument, let this 
 *' be my fipitaph. 
 
 Sulpitius 
 
L o G I c K and RfiETORicK. 313 
 
 Sulpitius lies here^ that troubkfome Slave, 
 "/bat fent many honefter Men to the Grave^ 
 Anil dfd like a Fool^ ivben he'd ll'jd like a Knave. 
 
 I AM fenfible that Shakefpear's Plays will not bear 
 Criticifm, as to Decency and Decorum 5 and I /liould 
 not have mentioned it, had not Ot-ivay given it hii; 
 PaiTport, 
 
 AlalJIre JJda?n, the f-imous Joyner of Nevers, made 
 Verfes, which were commended by Afaynard, and the 
 bcft Poets of his Time. He has alfo the Honour of be- 
 ing quoted by ^ere Sou hours, for a Thought a little 
 like that of Seneca's Dancer, 'Tis on the Princcfs Ma- 
 Tia s beauty. 
 
 De honte a fait rouj^ir les rofes, 
 De jaloufie a fiit palir les lys. 
 
 It makes the Rofes blup ivlth Shame, 
 And the Lilllcs turn pals -with yealoufy. 
 
 I HAVE feen a Sonnet of this Maiflrs Adam^, which 
 is truly Anacreontlck j tho' the Joyner underiloo:! no 
 more of Anacreon, than T'aylor the Waterman did of 
 Homer. 
 
 Si la Parque in humaine 
 Souffroit pour I'Argent, 
 De Quinzame a (^linzaine, 
 Comme fiit un fergent, 
 Pour vivrc d'avantage, 
 Jc ferrerois du bien, 
 Mais nargue du Menage, 
 Puis qu'il ne fert rien. 
 
 Jf there was hope inhuman 'Death 
 Wou'dfor our Money, [pare our "Breath 
 From Week to Week, as ive fee daily 
 For IJebtors done by Catcb'-pok Saily 5 
 To bribe him Fd in Coffer lock 
 All I cou'dfcrape, and fave a Stock 5 
 'But fi nee -we knozv that's not the Drift 
 Of Death, a Fig fay I for Thrift. 
 
 A s Anacreon has the fame Thought, and there had 
 been no Tranflations of his Odes when Maiftre Adam 
 wrote, he could not have borrow'd it j wnich proves 
 
 what 
 
314 2?^-? APvTS of 
 
 what I have faid el fe where, that different Poets, whe- 
 ther they be anticnt or modern, writing on the fame 
 Subjects, will frequently light upon the fame Thoughts, 
 The Author of a Poem, call'd, the JLi^dekne, who 
 •was a Prielt, has this Apollrophe to the Women of the 
 Wwld, in propofing to them the Pattern of the Peni- 
 tent of St. Sau?/i€. 
 
 Nc rougirez-vous point de £cs pales Couleurs ? 
 
 fDo you not blufi to fee her lookfo --jcan ? 
 
 \N hich puts me in Mind of a jolly Fellow's Defiance of 
 the Rifing Sun, after he and his Company had been all 
 Night a Toping. 
 
 And make him hlufb to fee us lookfo red. 
 
 A N It all an Preacher fiid of a (he Saint, whofe Beau- 
 ty had kindled impure Defires, and who disfigur'd her- 
 fblf to cure the Kvil fl-.e had been the Caufe of j If the 
 Teirncf of her Face coud blorckcn the Soul of her Bre- 
 thren^ her Shod ■-'X'ou^d 7iiak£ them blup for Shame. 
 
 HcK) the T)eiicacy of Ihoti^ht may become 
 Vicious hy being too Delicate, 
 
 T^Il'lU Mefl ubique quoi nimium eft^ fkys ^uinrill- 
 '^ cn^ Too much is a Vice in all Things, and Deli- 
 cacy has its Bounds, as well as Greatnefs or Agreeable- 
 ncfs. By refining upon a Thought to make it the more 
 Fine, it often degenerates into Subtler^', which is the 
 Vice of Delicacy. Father Souhours calls it an exquifite 
 Aflfeclancn, not Finenefs, but Refining j in ihort, he does 
 not know what to call it : Les termes ?/2anquent pour ex- 
 f rimer des chofes Ji fubtiles^ ^ fi ahjiraits. Terms are 
 wanting to exprefs Things, which arc fo fuutle and ab- 
 ftraiicd, they are Scarce concciveablc, and cannot be ex- 
 plajr.'d but by E>:ample. This is, indeed, a Thread very 
 finely fpun, and coniiequenrly fo apt to break, that it rauft 
 be touch 'd with very tender Fingers. There are fcvcral 
 Vrays cf turning the Delicacy of Thought into Subtlety, 
 as will be fcen in the French Critick's Inilances ^ parti- 
 cularly this of a French Poet, on the Roof of the befbre- 
 rnentioned St. Baurae^ which is ver)' moiil, and contii 
 &UBily dropping. 
 
 A 
 
t, o G I c K an<i R H E T o R 1 c i:. 315 
 
 Alambic lambrifle fans diminution, 
 Lambris alambique fans interruption. 
 
 I'he SrilPs a Ciell/io; -zvirbour 1)imi}i:itio}jy 
 'floe Cielin^i a Still ivithout Interruption. 
 
 Where the Words are as afFciSed as the Thoughts, 
 'tis a hard Matter to turn them out of one Language into 
 another, and preferve the Affectation. We ihall find 
 it diilicult to do it in the following Epigram, made 
 by a Poet we have more than once quoted : After ha- 
 ving faid of Ro??7e, that proud City, there's nothing left 
 of her, but her Ruins, in which there's fomething augult 
 and threatning j he adds, 
 
 Vicit ut hare mundum, nil! eft fe vincere 5 vicic 
 A fe non victum, ne quid in Orbe foret. 
 
 ^s fie the IVorld has conquer\i, fie -zvguU twx 
 Conquer herfelf: Her felf fie no-zv has conquer* d^ 
 That there 'might nothin;!:^ in the ll'orld re/iiain 
 Which has not been her Conqucjl. 
 
 H E wou'd fay, the Mafters of the World turn'd their 
 Arms againft themfelves, and that Rome was deftroy'd 
 by Romans 5 if he had fiid that only, it had been right. 
 The Refinement is in the Reflection, that Rome is con- 
 quer'd, that there might be nothing that ihe had not 
 made her Conquell, 
 
 A s Englifi Authors do not very well underlland what 
 this Delicacy of Thought is, and if they have any Thing 
 of it, come by it by Chance 5 fo we /hall not have many 
 Examples from them, upon the SubjetSt Father Sou- 
 hours is treating of For I cannot think any one will 
 accufe the following Lines of Mr. Rozve^s ot too much 
 Pelicacy. He is fpeaking of the Battle of Ramelks. 
 
 See ivherSy at once, Ramellies' noble Field, 
 
 fen thoufand fhemes for living Verfe fiall yield : 
 
 See -zvhere^ at once, the dreadful Objc^is rife, "^ 
 
 At once they fpread before my -zvondying Eyes, S 
 
 Jfndfiock my laboring Soul -zvith vajl Surprize. 3 
 
 At once the -zvidc extended Sattles 7?mve, 
 
 At once they joyn, at once their Fate they prove. 
 
 Mr. Ro-zve has out-done Mr. Waller in the Ufe of at 
 ii.yce, which repeated fo often, wou'd have murder'd 
 
 the 
 
3i6 Tl'e ARTS of 
 
 t^e fined Thought that Imagination cou'd have producM. 
 The learned Jcfuit has difcover'd in 'PUny's Panegyrick 
 upon T'rdjafj, a great deal of Refinement which is in- 
 fefted with Subtlety, and renders the Sentiments vicious. 
 As where he fpeaks of the Death of Nerva^ after he had 
 adopted T'raja/t. Nervmn dli Ccclo vindicaverunty ne 
 quid pojl illiid divhium ^ immortale facium^ mortals 
 faceret. Tieberi qiiippe maximo open hanc veneratio- 
 ner/Zy ut novlffimum ejfet, authoremque ejus Jlatim con- 
 fecrandum : Ut qtiandoque inter pojleros qu^ereretur 5 an 
 Mud jara Tims, fecijfct. " The Gods withdrew 2V£'r^•^ 
 *' from the World, for fear that after having done fo 
 "divine an A61ion, he Ib.ould do any Thing human. 
 *' So great a Work as that, ought to be the laft5 
 *' and the Man who was the Author of it, fhould have 
 *' taken his Place in Heaven foon after it, as he did 5 
 " that Pofterity might enquire, Whether he was not al- 
 *' ready a God when he did it ? This Imagination is 
 T'cry fubtle, but there's too much of it ^ and it is plainly 
 one of thofe Quinteflential Places, that made Voiture 
 value Tlifiy's Panegyrick not fo much as a Difh of Pot- 
 tage at 'HalzaCy which the Mafter of the Houfe had in- 
 vented. 
 
 The Comparlfon is fomewhat courfe for fo fine a 
 Wit as VoiturCy but he was upon Raillery ^ and amidft 
 his Pleafa^try, could not help ihewing his Diflike of this 
 Panegyrick. Some Perfons may wonder how Voiture 
 cou'd dif-relifli an Oration, in which there are fo many 
 fhining Places ; But his Reafon was doubtlefs, that itglar'd 
 inftead of ll.ining ^ that it is too brilliant 3 and he there- 
 fore lov'd a plain Difh of Pottage better : As much as to 
 iky, he prefcrr'd a Mefs of Water Gruel to a Soop. ^/r/- 
 2«!?r's Portage being, as Father So«/'0«/'; fuppofes, what 
 we call Milk j^ottage, or Water Gruel. And Voiture^ lo- 
 ving Plainucfs and Simplicity in every Thing, could not 
 approve of the Subtlety in the Panegyrick, any more than 
 o'i Hau'f^rours in Soop : Yet that Oration is not to be en- 
 tirely condemned. There are many fine Things in it 
 which Cicero himfelf needed not to have been alham'd 
 ot j tho' in many Places ^Pliny is too rcfin'd, too poig- 
 nant, and his Pancgyi-ick has not the Rclifh of the j^u~ 
 gujian Age, of which Kind is the Thought upon T'ra- 
 jan^s Love of the People. 'Pro nobis ipjis h£C fuit 
 fumma votorun/y ut im Jic amarsnt "Diiy quomodo tu. 
 
 6)uid 
 
L o G I c K ctnd Rhetorick. 317 
 
 ^1(1 felidus nobis, qtiibus non jam illud optandum efi, 
 ut nos diligat Trlnceps, fed SDii quemadmodmn Trin- 
 ceps. Civitas reUgionibtts dedlta fp?;?pcrque Deorum 
 indulz,entiam pie merita, nihilque felicitati fu<g putat 
 adjlrui pojfe, ?}ifi ut '[Dii Ccefnrem ii'aitentur. *' VYe have 
 " nothing to pray for more for our Happinefs, than that 
 *' the Gods would love us, as you do. What Men 
 " are fo happy as we, who have not to defire that our 
 *' Prince wou'd love us, but that the Gods wou'd love 
 *' us as our Prince does. This City, as religious as it 
 *' is, and which has, by its Piety, merited the Good- 
 *' Will of the Gods, believes nothing can render it more 
 
 " fortunate, than their imitating the Emperor. 
 
 Here is a little more Delicacy than there fhould be, and 
 'Pcre Soubours adds, if the Reader does not perceive it 
 of himfelf, he does not know how to explain it to him. 
 It is much eafier to be imagin'd than exprefs'd. When 
 profane Authors fubtilize too much, 'tis generally at the 
 Expence of their Deities. Ludin does it every where : 
 His Imagination was naturally violent, very apt tofwell, 
 and fometimes to burft, when the Gods are brought into 
 a Thought : As in the Pafifage we have already quoted. 
 
 ■Solatia fati 
 
 Carthago, Mariufque tulit, pariterque Cadentes 
 Ignovere Diis,~ 
 
 ^here in the lone unpeopled 'Lefart Fields 
 
 ^roud Carthage, in her Ruins, he beheld 5 
 
 Amidflr her AJhes pleas' d, he fat him do-zvny ^ 
 
 Jlndjoy'd in the Tieftru^ion oftheTo-zvn. 
 
 T'he Genius of the (Place ivith mutual Hate, 
 
 Rear'd its fad Head, andfmild at Marius' Fate 5 
 
 Each with "Ddight furvey the fallen Foe, 
 
 And each forgave the Gods that brought them low. 
 
 I REPEAT this Quotation as Father Souhours has done, 
 not only to fhew how Lucan has made the Gods culpa- 
 ble, and in a State to need Forgivenefs, but alfo to give 
 an Inftance of Mr. Roive's copious Verfion 5 for it may be 
 cxprcft 5 
 
 Carthage and Marius mutual Comfort took 
 Each in the other's Fallj and each alike 
 Forgave the Gods, 
 
 The 
 
3i8 ne APcTS of 
 
 The Lord Rocbefici\ in the Tragedy of VcleutiniaH^ 
 goes beyond Lucan^ in fubtilizino; at the Expence of the 
 Gods 5 yet, fure he is not to be reckon'd among the pro- 
 fane Authors. Afa>:imus fpcaks, 
 
 Gods, "xou'd yoii be ador'dfor doing Goody 
 Or only fear d for proving Mifchievous j 
 7/o-:y ivoitld you have your Alercy under flood? 
 ToUi \vbo decree each feeming Chance belozi\ 
 So great inToiver, "xere you as good in Willi 
 Hozv couWyou ever haise producdfuch III} 
 Had your eternal Minds been bent on Good, 
 Cou'd human Happinefs have prov'dfo lame ? 
 
 'DRT^ JSN, of all the Poets that ever wrote, makes 
 moil free with the Gods. He feems to be pleas'd when 
 he has an Opportunity to fall upon them, and he does it 
 without Ceremony. 
 
 In his Jll for Love ^ he gives them Advice to behave 
 better. 
 
 Se i'jjler Heaven ! Such Vertue punipW thus, 
 TVill 772ake us think that Chance rules all above j 
 And puffles, -zdth a random Hand, the Lots 
 Which Man is forc\l to draw. 
 
 H F. reafons the Cafe with them in more Places than one, 
 and fhews them wherein they are deficient in Juftice, 
 Mercy, and even common Senfe. 
 
 Eternal Deities^ 
 Who rule the World -zvith abfolute i)ecrees. 
 What is the Race of human Kind your Care^ 
 Seyond ivhat all his Fellozf-Creatures are ; 
 J^J'ay, worfe than other "Beafis is our EJiate^ 
 'L'hem to purfue their 'J^leafures you create : 
 Wey bound by harder La-zvSy &c. 
 
 Pal. ££? Arcite. 
 
 A N T» in his Spanip Fryar^ he expoftuktes the Mat* 
 ter with them more furlily. 
 
 Good Heavens, ixihy gave you me 
 
 A Monarch^ Soul, 
 
 And crujled it with fuch Plebeian Clay ? 
 
 Why gave you me 2)efires of fuch Eiitent, 
 
 Andfuch a Span to grafp them ? Sure^ my Lot, 
 
 Sy fbine o'er hajiy Angel was mifplcKd 
 
 In Fate's Eternal Volurae, 
 
 At 
 
LoGicK ^7?^ Rhetor I CK. 3x9 
 
 As a Bookfeller in a Shop might clap an Ogilbfs IIomeT 
 on the Shelf, inftead of Mr. Tope\ j or any other egre- 
 gious Blunder might be committed. Foreign Poets, as 
 much Papifts as they are, do fcldom err fo Hagrantly as 
 the Ettglijby who, however, have otherwife demeaned 
 themfelves as very good Churchmen 5 I mean, in the 
 modern Senfe only. Ot-zvny was a Minifter's Son, and 
 had a regular Education at Cambridge 3 yet he is often 
 at Dagger's drawing with the Deities : 
 
 Tell me "xhy^ good Henv'n l 
 'Thou inad'fi me -what I am^ '■xlthall the Spirit ^ 
 j^fpiring "Thoughts^ end ekgnjit T)efireiy 
 
 That fill the happiefi Alan '. 
 
 /i this jufi dealing ? as before. 
 
 A VERY hard Cafe truly, that he might not be as 
 wicked as he pleas'd without being accountable to good 
 Jleave/f for it. 2)ryden is fometimes in a better Hu- 
 mour with the Gods, and allows that they do know 
 more than he does : As in Ty ran nick Love. 
 
 ( found. 
 Thus "xith Jhort Tlunmiets ffea-ven^s deep Will --we 
 The vajl Abyfs ii'here humane Wit is dro-zvn\l. 
 
 And borrowing from himfelf in Oedipus: 
 
 [T^lummety 
 Sut Man^ vain Man^ ivould "j.ith this port -lind 
 Fathom the vafi Jlbyfs of heav'nly Juflice. 
 
 The Author of the Critical Letter in the Guardian^ 
 fays 'Dryden is generally -zvrong in his Sentiments, as 
 has been remark'd elfewhere. He really feems to have 
 no Regard to the Juftnefs of Thought, and to let his 
 fruitful Imagination rove at random, either not knowing 
 when it was juft or unjuft, or not regarding it ; or think- 
 ing his Reader would either not know or not regard it. 
 Mr. Rozjo is much more difcreet in his Way of Think- 
 ing 5 yet he can't help giving into the fame Weaknefs 
 fometimes ; as where Mirza fays, in the Ambitious 
 Step-Mother^ fpeaking to the Princefs of -Terfia : 
 
 Such Juno 'waSy esccpt alone thofe Tears, 
 When upon Ida'; Top pe charm'' d the God 5 
 Made him forget the "Bufinefs of the World, 
 And lay afidehis 'Proz'idence, f employ 
 
 Tbs 
 
^20 rioe ARTS of 
 
 'The ivhole Divinity upon pjcr Seniity j 
 Jnifure 'i-zvas --joorth the "juhile. 
 
 Here too the 'Perfian fhews himfelf to be wonder- 
 fully well acquainted with the Gods, th-c Goddcfles, 
 the Hiftory and Country of Greece. I have already 
 I'poken of this Fault in modern Tragedies 5 it is fo ar?- 
 parently one, and To eafily amended, that I wonder it 
 prevail'd fo much as it did in all of them ; And I take 
 Notice of it here again, to ihew that it is common with 
 the Poets to commit this double Fault, to confound 
 Syftems of Religion, and to bully or rally the Gods at 
 the fime time. 
 
 A Ro'/nan Hillorian has much fuch a Thought as that 
 ^{ Luc an about Marius^ only he does not bring Pfeaven 
 mto it. After having fiid that Mariia fufrcr'd all the 
 Inconveniencies of poor Life in a Cottage, among the 
 Ruins of Carthage j he adds, that the Ro//ian looking 
 upon Carthage , and Carthage upon the Koman , it 
 might ferve for a fort of Confolation to both of them. 
 If that is not Subtlety 'tis fomething very like it ^ but a 
 Poet had more Pretence to make ufe of the Term than 
 an Hillorian, who ought to be more natural and more 
 fimple. I could name an Englip Kiftory which is full 
 of Refinement, efpecially in the Charaiflers, wherein 
 there's hardly any thing that is fo llmple and natural as 
 Hiftory requires, according to Father "Bouhours : will 
 any one fay that there are not all the evident Signs of 
 Study and Art, both in the Thought and Exprefllon ? 
 There is Beauty, 'tis true, but it is that Beauty which is 
 O'.ving to Paint, and not to Complexion: It is florid and 
 ihining, like Art 5 but it is not plain and charming, like 
 Nature. In Mr. EcbarcVs Hiftory there is not much Re- 
 finement, and, indeed, there could not be j for there is 
 ftot a Sentiment of the Hiftorian's, from King Cafjibiia/t 
 to King yames^ which has the leaft Delicacy in it j the 
 Author did not know what was meant by it, at Icaft, 
 when he wrote the Hiftory : And if at any time there is 
 Simplicity in his Hiftory, it is not that which Father 
 ^ouhoiirs compares to the Manner of a Country Girl of 
 good Senfe j but that of a Country Girl without it 5 of 
 which Inftanccs enough have been given clfewhere. 
 
 I N the Thought of the Hiftorian about Marias, the 
 learned Jcfuit obferves, that the Author might have 
 
 inaagin'd 
 
L o G I c K md Rhetoric k. 321 
 
 imagin'd the Roman to have taken Confolation at the 
 Sight of Carthage in Ruins, without adding that Car- 
 thage tooJc Comfort in the Fall of Marius. That Turn 
 is more than was neccflary, and is what he means by 
 Refinement and Subtlety. What '■Plutarch tells us of 
 the fame Mariits is delicate, without Subtlety or Re- 
 finement : A Roman Pnetor, who was Governor o{ Ly- 
 hia^ having fent an Exprefs to Marius^ forbidding him 
 to fet Foot within his Province, Mariiis reply'd to the 
 Meflage : Z't'/ZSextilius thouja-ivfc Mxrwis fitting among 
 the Ruins of Carthage. Which is fliid to warn him of. 
 the Inconflancy of Fortune ; that by the Deflrnflion of; 
 fo mighty a City, he might learn to fear a like dreadful 
 Change in his own Condition j which not being faid 
 but underllood, makes the Delicacy of the Thought. 
 
 L Jf^T and Salufi- do not offend in Delicacy, by Re- 
 finement, as T^acitus does j and they are therefore pre- 
 fer 'd to him by the Criticks. He was a great Politician, 
 and had a great deal of Wit and good Senfe j but in my 
 Author's Judgment he was not an excellent Hiftorian. 
 I have upon this often reflefted, that a Politician muft 
 necefllirily be a bad Hiftory Writer, there being no- 
 thing more contrary to the Simplicity of Nature than 
 thofe Maxims of Art by which Politicians govern them- 
 felves in both Thoughts and A(5lions. In "Jtacltus's An- 
 nals there is neither that Simplicity nor that Pcrfpicuiry 
 •which are rcquifite in Hifltfry 5 he reafons too much on 
 Events, and rather guefTes at the Intentions of Princes 
 than difcovers them.j he does not relate Things as they 
 happened, but as he would have had them happen. In 
 a Word, his Reflections are too fine, and not enough 
 within Verifimility. An ingenious Writer is now upoii 
 a Verfion of "Tacitus ; it is to be hoped he is as well ac- 
 quainted with him as Father Souhours ; that he has 
 difcovered, and will dire3: us to it, where the J^nnalijl 
 is out of Nature and Verifimility, where his Reflc<Sions 
 arc too fine, where he only guefies at Things, and 
 where he reafons too much of Events. It is to be hoped, 
 I f-iy, that we fliall know all this from him, if he knows 
 it himfelf 5 and if he does not, it were to be wiih'd he 
 had pitch'd upon fome other Hiftorian. 1 remember an 
 Obfervation made in Converfation by the Tranllator, 
 that the Duke o{ RochfaucauIt'sMMmcr^ in his Memoirs, 
 j-efemblcd that of Tacttus's m liis i^y^alj^ and the 
 . . X Com- 
 
322 K<?ARTScf 
 
 Company were of his Mind ; for they could not believe 
 but a Man who could tranflatc a Book muil needs under- 
 Hand the Manner of the Author as well as he who wrote 
 it :, but he was oppofed by a Gentleman then prefcnt. 
 I have met with a Pafliige very a propos, in a Treatifc, 
 entitl'd, Melanges d'HiJloire ^ de Liternture -^ by 
 which I underllood that the Tranflator had taken his 
 Obfervation from Amelot de la Houjpry, who trandated 
 ^Tacitus into French : ^/e ne fcdy pour qmi M. Jmelot 
 de la Houjfny qui a mis la main a cette Edition ^ en a 
 brode les Marges de lieux communes, coinpare Monf. de 
 la RGibfaucauU a CorneiUe T'cxite. Jamais Ameurs an 
 Monde ne font -moins rejjemhlez, ni pour le Stile, ni 
 pour la manicre de traiter VHiJloire. Si AT. de Roch- 
 faucault a imite quelq'un anc.len ilhflre, il faut que ce 
 foit Sallufi. ** I can't imagine why M. Amelot de la 
 " HouJJaye, who was the Publiflier of the Duke de 
 " RocbfaucauWs Memoirs, and interlac'd it with Mar- 
 " ginal Notes, ihould compare that Duke to Cornelius 
 ** Tacitus J never were two Authors fo little like one 
 ** another, both as to Srile and Manner. If the Duke 
 ** de Rocbfaucault imitated any ancient Hiftorian, it was 
 '* Sallujf." Which jfliews us, at leall, that the Gentle- 
 man who oppos'd the Tranflator in this Obfervation, was 
 as well acquainted as himfelf with the Manner and Stile 
 €)f the Original. An Inftancc of T'acitus^ refining too 
 much is what follov.-s : Ne 'jTii^eriup/z quidem caritate, 
 aut Reipublicd! cura fuccejforera afcitum 5 fed quoniam 
 arrogantiam fccvitiamque ejus introfpeserit, compara- 
 tione detcrrima fibi gloriam qu£fiviffe. Auguftus pre- 
 ferred 'Tiberius to Agrippa and Germ'anicus, only for his 
 Glory's Sake 5 that by comparing his Arrogancy and 
 Cruelty with the Clemency and Moderation of his Pre- 
 deceflbr, the one might fervc as a Shade to the Luftre of 
 the other. Father Boiihours thinks this is doing an In- 
 juftice to the Memory of Auguftus, and making him 
 think otherwifc than he did. As in this Paflage alfo : 
 'Primores civitatis fcripferat plerofqUe invifos fibi, fed 
 iaCfantiil gloriaque ad pvjleros. Kc named thofe of tho 
 principal Citizens of Rovie, whom he hated moft, among 
 his Heirs, out of Vanity, and to leave a good Name ta 
 Poficrity. Whereas probably it was out of a Principle 
 of Goodncfs and Humanity, and to fhew he bore them 
 no ill NYiU when he went out of the World. A Scnti- 
 j iiient 
 
L o G I c K and RrtETORiCK. 32^ 
 
 tiient becoming not only the Generofity of a Romany bat 
 the Piety and Charity of a CLriJliafi. T'acitm is not 
 the only Hiflorian who fubtilifes too much ^ feveral mo- 
 dern Writers of Hiftory have fillen into the fame Error 
 by imitating him. One of his ,'JpQiy as '^Pere 'Bouhours 
 calls him, made no Scruple to fay of the Duke of lllr- 
 temberg : *' That he lov d to do Mifchief only for the 
 *' Pleafure of doing it. That he hated the Rank of a 
 " Sovereign in all thirgs, except the Power gf doing ill 
 ** with Impunity." And of a Biihop of Utrecht^ of 
 the laft Houfe of Sur^iivdy, he fiid, " That he de- 
 ** fpis'd thofe who prais'd Chaflity, as much as thofe 
 ** who kept it j and that the only Way to his Palace was 
 " bv publick Fornication." Where did the Author 
 meet with fuch Memoirs ? Who told him that ther-e 
 was no Way to the Epifcopd Palace but by Whoredom ? 
 Could he be furniHi'd with fuch fine Ideas by any 
 thing but his own Imagination ? or with fudh as the fol- 
 lowing, concerning Queen Katherine de Medicis, the 
 i)uke of Anjoii^ and the Prince of Conde} where he 
 fiiys, on occaflon of a Quarrel between the two Princes : 
 1 hat the 'Prhice of Conde hated the 2)uke cf Anjou /<> 
 r.s great a degree of Excefs^ as if he had not at the, 
 fa7ne time drained his Averfion by redoubling his Hatred 
 to the Q^iecn. Which is ftarched and affeifted to the 
 laft Degree ; more even than what Megara^ in Seneca^ 
 fays, in the Height of her Indignation againft the Mur- 
 derer of her Family, and the Ufurper of her Kingdom ; 
 
 TatrcmabJluliftJ, regna, gerraams^ lare:m^ 
 ^Patriam : ^fid ultra ejl ? Una res fupsrejl mihl, 
 Fratre ac parente carior^ regno ^ lare, 
 Odiu/n tut : ^od effe cum populo, mihl 
 Coramv.ne doleo : 'Pars quota ex ijto mea ejl. 
 
 Here. Fiir, 
 
 " After having loft all, fhe comforted hei* felf in fome 
 ** wife for her Lo(res, by the Pleafure: ihe took in 
 *' hating him. That her. Hatred was dearer to hef 
 *' than her Family, her Crown, and her Countr)'. 
 *' That one Thing only troubled her ; which was, that 
 *' the People alfo hated him 5 becaulb ihe would fiinf 
 *' have all the Hatred that was bom to fb cruel and hate- 
 *' ful a Tyrant, colleded within her own Breaft." All, 
 the Makers of political or moral Rcfle<^ions do not re- 
 
 y a ftmblsi 
 
324 ThekKi:Sof 
 
 feniWc the Duke de Rochfaucaiilt^ in thofe he has givcrt 
 
 the World full of Delicacy and good Scnfe. However, 
 
 •with Father ^'o/z/^o/om's Leave, one may venture to affirm, 
 
 that moft of his moral Reflections are really common 
 
 I'ho'ughts turned after a new Manner, and expreft in 
 
 Tcrrhs that flrike more than what we are dally ufed to^^ 
 
 Moft polirical Reflexions are fomewhat viflonary j and' 
 
 one may apply the Itallnn Proverb to them : Chi troppo 
 
 VaJJbti^Ua^ lafcavezza. There are the Malvezzis and 
 
 the CenzierSy who fophifticate their Thoughts, and 
 
 v/ill tell you, that thofe who have Recourfe to the Sword 
 
 which Juftice holds in one Hand, feldom take hold of 
 
 the Ballance flie holds in the other ; that Beauty is the 
 
 moft powerful and the moft weak Enemy Man has ; that 
 
 /he wants only a Look to cbnquer, and that not to 
 
 look on her is to triumph over her. One cannot fay 
 
 thefe Thoughts are not juft and witty j but there's too 
 
 much of it 5 too much Shew and too little Subftance, 
 
 like Blades of Swords or Knives which are filed down al- 
 
 rhoft to Nothing ; or little Pieces of Ivory that lofe their 
 
 C/onfiftence by too much Delicacy. Such an Author as 
 
 this would fay of a Lady he attempted to praife, T'tbat 
 
 t'be moft odd Grimaces have an inexprejjible Grace idtb 
 
 themy "xhen pe counterfeits thofe that make them. The 
 
 terrible Graces in Homer y and the fair Horror in I'affoy 
 
 have paft 5 but the agreeable Grimaces will never be 
 
 paffible 5 and to make them, or counterfeit thofe that 
 
 do fo, is equally difigreeable : Homerus in litdendo ma- 
 
 ^orern truculentiam prce fe fert^ ac primus etiam dicitur 
 
 horrentes veneres reperijfe. Demet. Phalcr. de Elocut. 
 
 The agreeable Grimace is a new Whim : And 'tis of 
 
 fuch fort of Thoughts the Italian fays, ^efto a bizar- 
 
 inente penfatc. There is fbmething noble and fierce in 
 
 Homer's Cyclops^ which plcafes 3 and Tajfo's Camp is a 
 
 like fair and formidable Sight : 
 
 . Svlh infi hellct vifia anco i Vhorrore. 
 
 But what fort di Grimace muft it be to pleafe ? That of 
 Grinning had all this Agreeable in it, when the Fellows 
 grin'd for a Hat. After this Rate, Sullock and 'Penky- 
 mait muft be the two moft agreeable Perfons of the Age^ 
 and Yawning the fineft Pofture a La:dy can put her Face 
 into. Yovi laugh at the Grimaces of Scaramouch and 
 Mfirlequin -J but it is not that you arc pleafcd with 
 
 them» 
 
LoGi CK ^;;^ Rhet o R I c K. 32J 
 
 theiji. There is a Laugh of Contempt as well as Plea- 
 fure 5 and what Sight is more contemptible than that of 
 good Features diftorted, and a Man s Vifage made to 
 mimick a Monkey's. Thofc poor Creatures who abafe 
 their Maker's Image thus on the Stage, ^re pity'd by all 
 reafbnable Perfons j as lewd Women who proftitute 
 themfelves for a Piece of Silver, and fometimes Icfs. 
 Scar r on y the lirft Husband of Madam Alaintenojiy faid 
 much better of a Spanijh Lady : That no Body ever 
 dreft fo well as fhe 5 and the leaft Pin, ftuck by her 
 Finger, had a particular Charm in it. This is natural, 
 at leaft ; but the agreeable Gri}?iace is monftrous ; yet 
 how often iis it made the Entertainment of the rural 
 Quality ^ not to fay the Urbane, though by the Recep- 
 tion that EJicourt and others met with, one may doubt 
 whether it is not a Diverfion to them too ? The Mhnes 
 of old, who could reprefent all human Paffions to the 
 Life, by their Looks only, and could move the like 
 Paflions in others, were always fupprefs'd in the beft 
 Times of the Roman Government, tnough that Govern- 
 ment was 'Pa^an ; and the Mimes were much greater 
 Mafters of their Art, than our modern Harlequins and 
 Scaramouches^ who facrifice their Chara6ler of Men to 
 that of Apes j and of tolerable humane Figures become 
 forry Monkeys. Boys, and the Rabble, may be diverted 
 with fuch Entertainments 5 but they are below the Dig- 
 nity of humane Nature, and muft be fhocking to Per- 
 ibns who have the leaft Senfe of it. The Encourage- 
 ment that Grimace had from the Town two or three 
 Winters ago, is a melancholy Inftance of the Degeneracy 
 of the Age, and a fad Omen, among many others, of 
 cur running back to Barbarifin. It is too plain, our 
 Poetry of all Kinds,, our Language, and every thing that 
 concerns polite Literature, are going down apace. The 
 Poets malce Vcrfes without Genius, and our Orators 
 mrake Speeches without Eloquence. What this will 
 come to in the next Age may be guefs'd at, by com- 
 paring CaruUus and Martial^ Cicero and ^lifiy 3 tho' it 
 IS to ^e fear'd that our Fall will be fafter than was that 
 of the RojnanSy as to what regards Poetry and Elo- 
 quence. I think it is a general Obfcrvation, that no 
 Language ever recover'd it felf after it began to decline. 
 The EngUjh Tongue was very much refin'd in Qvieen 
 JEUzabeth\ Reign 5 and in the next Age receiv'd as 
 
 Y 5 much 
 
325 Ibe.^KrSof 
 
 much polifliing as perhaps it was capable of j after 
 which, can we expeft better ibr our Tongue than what 
 bcfel the Ro?nan ^ and the Criticks will harJly allow it 
 to have retuin'd its Pcrfciflion above a hundred Years. 
 The Productions which wc fee daily offcr'd to the 
 World, are Proofs that our Language is at its Crifis, if 
 not pall it. I fell into this DigrclTion all at once, and 
 unawares ^ but I hope it will not be tirefome. Father 
 'Bouhours, takes a great Part of the Subtlety, in the 
 Thoughts of modern Writers, to arife from their endea- 
 vouring to refine upon the Ancients : Cojiar has ob- 
 ferv'd that Sion makes the Loves only to weep over the 
 Tomb of Adonis 5 and 'Pindar is contented with making 
 the Mufes mourn over that of j^cbilks 5 but Sannaz>a~ 
 tins has fhut up the Loves in the Tomb of his Maxl' 
 mlla : 
 
 Hoc fub marmore Maximilla claufa eft, 
 Qua cum frigiduli jaccnt Amores. 
 
 And Guarini has bury'd the Mufes with his MiitreC; 2 
 
 Piange ParnaiTo e piagnerian Ic Mu/e : 
 Ma qui teco fbn elle e mprte e chiufe. 
 
 Parnaffus and the Mufes ivotul have --jveptj 
 Sut that they dy'd --when pe did. 
 
 Another Italian Poet does not only bury theGr^^^JT 
 and the Mifes , but JpoUo^ their Father, too : 
 
 E vcdpve le Gratie, orbe le Mufe 
 Pareaii pur col lor padre in tomba chiufe. 
 
 The Graces, Mufes, and their Father ^ Phoebus, 
 Seem to be bury'd 'xith her. 
 
 Seem to he bury'd, foftens it a little 5 and 'tis well the 
 Poet did fo 5 for his own Poetry would have fared the 
 worfe for it, if he, in effeft, had ihut them all up in the 
 flime Tomb. "What great Damage would it have been 
 to his Bi-other Poets, had there been no Graces, no 
 Mufes, and no Apollo left in the World ? Could we have 
 born with the Lofs of them, as well as with that of the 
 Smiles and the Sports, which a learned Man has fliut 
 Up with the Latin, French, Italian ^ and Spanip 
 Mwfcs, in the Tomb of Voiture : 
 
 Etrufca 
 
L o G I c K and R h e t o r i c k." 327 
 
 Etrufcae veneres, Camoens Iberac, 
 Hermes Gallicus, & Latina Siren j 
 Rifus, delicis, Dicacitates, 
 Xufus, ingenium, joci, lepores, 
 Et quidqmd fuit elegantiarum j 
 Quo Vedurius hoc jacent fepukro. 
 
 U^he Tufcan Loves y the Spanifh AlufcSf 
 I'he Gallick Hermes^ the Latin Siren^ 
 *The LaughSy the Joys^ fine Railleries^ 
 ^hc SportSy the "Turns of Wit, the Jefis^ 
 The Graces 5 and, tofum up allf 
 Whatever 'was in Eloquence^ 
 In Voiture'jT Tomb is hury'd. 
 
 One may perceive 'Pere Souhours was highly 
 pleas'd with Woitureh Wit and Manner, which, indeed, 
 were as agreeable as could be, and rais'd the Jealoufy 
 oi SoikaUy who not only endeavour'd to outdo him in 
 his Way, by the Letter to the Duke de Fivonnc from the 
 £lyfian Fields, in Imitation of his Manner 3 but alfo 
 fell upon him in his Art of Poetry 3 for the following 
 Verfes refer to Voiture : 
 
 Je hais ces vaines Auteurs, dont la Mufe forcec 
 M'entretient de fes feux toujours froide & glacee. 
 Qui s'affligent par Art, & fous de fens raffis, 
 S'erigent pour rimer en amoreufe tranfis. 
 
 I fhall make bold with SirJFilliam Soam^s and 7)ryJen*s 
 Tranflation, though 'twill appear to be ihort of the Ori- 
 ginal : 
 
 / hate thofe luke-zvarm j^uthors, "xhofe forced Fire^ 
 In a cold Stile defcribe a hot Defire ; 
 Thatfigh by Rule, and raging in cold Shod, 
 Their yiuggip Mufe ■zvhip to an amorous Alood. 
 
 Here is the Judgment of a very great Critick, con- 
 trary to that of as great a Cricick as himfclf, ^ere 'Bou- 
 hours y who, p. 556'. fays, Voiture, ji je ne me trompe 
 ejloit naturel en tout. Voiture, //' / a?}? not mijffakeH^ 
 foUoyd'd Nature in every thing. Nay, Soileau himfclf, 
 in his Letter to 'Perrault on their Reconciliation, con- 
 feflfes that Voiture^ Elegies are wonderfully charming 5 
 yet what he writes againll him refers particularly to the 
 
 y 4 £kgy* 
 
328 r/^^ARTS(?/ 
 
 JSkiry. Nor was he contented with attacking him once, 
 hp does it again in the {lime Poem : 
 
 (vaincs, 
 Leurs tranfports les plus doux ne font que phrafes 
 lis no favcnt jamais que fe changer de chuines, 
 Que benir kur IVIartyre, adorer leur Prifon, 
 Et fais querellcr le Sens & la Raifon. 
 
 I'lwir feigned ^.franfports appear hut flat and vain^ 
 T'hcy alivf.ys fighy and ahi-flys hug their Chain^ 
 Adore, their 'Prifon^ and their Sufferings Uefs^ 
 Make Senfe and Reafon quarrel as they pleafe. 
 
 That he means Volture is confirm'd by what we 
 read in the Nouveau Rccueil dcs Epigratnt/zatijles ^ 
 il continue ainfi fa Critique qui defigne Voiture dhinc 
 77ianiere a ne le pouvoir fneconnoitre. He marks Voiture 
 out fo plainly that one can't be miftaken in him. Thus 
 we fee that Jealoul'y in Fame, as well as in Love, de- 
 bafes the moft generous M;nd, and makes him fay and 
 do Things which fubje^t him to our Pity, if it does not 
 expofe him to our Indignation. Father Souhours^ ha- 
 ving ill this Place bury'd Voiture very handlbmely, we 
 iliall meet with him no more in this Treatife of his. 
 
 The learned Man, who made the Latin Epitaph for 
 Voi^nrey in all probability, took the Hint from Martial^ 
 who fiys of a Comedian of his Time, that' all the Jefls, 
 all the Pleafantry, and all the Biverfions of the Stage 
 were bury'd with him. This is exa6tly like Martial 
 and the Italian Poets, of whom their Father, Tetrarcb^ 
 fpeaking of the Death of his viiionary Miftrefs, Laurt\^ 
 %s, 
 
 Nel tuo partir, partj del mG;i^o amoi")? 
 E cortefi?,. 
 
 Whenjhe depart ed^ gentle Love 
 'And Courtefy departed i^ith her. 
 
 All alike falfe. The Graces, the Mufes, the Smiles, 
 the Joyc, the Jefts, live llill, as well as Love and 
 Courtefy, notwithftanding the Poets bury'd them in Epi- 
 taphs. The Poet who wrote that for Voiture's Tom^ 
 wrote another i^r Scarron\ which is very pretty : 
 
 Delicias 
 
LOGICl!L ^Z^^RhE T O RI CK. 329 
 
 peliciflc procemm, tota notiffinius aula 
 Vcncrat ad Stygias Scaro facctus aquas. 
 
 Solvuntur rifu mceltiffima turba filcntum. 
 Hie Jocus & Lufus j hie lacruniant Veneres, 
 
 When Scarron -zvent to f other Worlds 
 'The 2)ead there at his cor/jing laiight ; 
 Sut Jince his 'Death the Sports and Smiles 
 1>o nothing in this World but iveep. 
 
 This Thought, takcp accprding to the Divinity of 
 Tarnnffus^ h natural, as it is extremely delicate. I was 
 a little furpriz'd to meet with an Inftancc of Refine- 
 ment and Subtlety in a Thought of St. y^ujiins 5 for 
 haying not read much of the Fathers, I always took it 
 for granted that there was nothing in their Writings but 
 Piety and Simplicity ; whereas the Paflage ^ere Sou- 
 hours cites out of St. j^ujiiu's Confeflion, is as fubtle 
 and affciSed as any we have met with in Martial or the 
 Italian Poets. He is fpeaking of the Death of a Friend 
 whom he dearly lov'd j and having fliid he wonder'd how 
 other Mortals could live, fince the Man he had lov'd as 
 a Pcrfon who was not to die, was dead 5 and he won- 
 der'd ftill more that he liv'd himfelf, his Friend, who 
 was another himfelf, being dead : He adds, *' 'Twas 
 *' very well faid of my Friend, that he was my other 
 *' Half; for I felt that my Soul and his was but one 
 *' Soul in two Bodies 5 and on his Account it is that I 
 *' abhor Life j becaufe I would not live by halves. On 
 ** the fame Account alfo it is that I fear'd to die, left 
 *' he, \yhom I lov'd fo well, Ibould entirely die." Idco 
 7?2ihi horrori etat vita^ quia nolebam dimidius vivcre 5 
 ^ idea forte inori metuebam^ ne totus ilk moreretur^ 
 quern multUm amaveram. I fliould as foon have thought 
 ihat St. Auftin could have danc'd a Jigg, as that he 
 sould have had fo much Subtlety and Refinement in a 
 Sentiment. Father Souhours feems to believe he bor- 
 row 'd part of it from Horace^ where he calls Virgil the 
 Half of his Soul : 
 
 Et ferves anim^ dimidium mece. 
 
 '^ryden has tranflated it, 
 
 Andfave the better ^art of me 
 from periping --with him at Sea^ 
 
 Horace, 
 
330 ne ARTS of 
 
 Horace^ in another Phce, gave St. Ai((tin a Hint for 
 Part of his Thought, where he fays to M^cenai ; 
 
 Ah, te mcx fi partem anima: rapit 
 Maturior vis, quid moror altera ? 
 Kec caras xcjue, nee fuperftes 
 Integer. 
 
 J f cruel Death poulil force you frora me^ 
 ToUy rjcho are one 'Part ofiny Soul 3 
 Hoivpould I '•jcith the other llve^ 
 Not lov'd as no-ji\ and not entire ? 
 
 St. Aujiin has fpoilt this Thought of Horace by re-. 
 fining upon it ^ but fometimes a Thought may be im-r 
 prov'd with Refinement, as that of Horace where he 
 fays, 
 
 Poft equitem fedct atra cura. 
 Care al--xays rides behind him. 
 
 Which 'Boileau has very well improved without Subtle-* 
 ty, in his Epiftlc to Monf. de Gmlkragues : 
 
 Un fbu rem pi i d'errcurs que le trouble accompagne, 
 Et malade a la ville ainfl qu'a la campagne. 
 En vain monte a cheval pour tromper fbn ennui 5 
 Le chagrin mo-ite en croupe, & galopc avec lui. 
 
 In vain a mad Man^ full of Errors^ puns 
 'The Care that fcUo-ws him iichere-e'er he runs. 
 In 'To\jcn 'tis ivith him, in the lonely Shade 
 His Hearths ftill Jicky and loaded is his Head : 
 In vain he from his Horfe Relief 'would find j 
 Care mounts asfajl as he, and rides behind. 
 
 The French Critick thinks the French has fome- 
 thing in it more lively and beautiful than the Latin, 
 But Horace, in another Place, makes Care embark with 
 the Seamen, and run after Horfemen failer than Stags 
 or Winds 5 which laft Thought he fays is full of Viva- 
 city : 
 
 Scandit aeratas vitiofa naves 
 Cura : Nee turmas equitum relinquit 
 Ocyor cervis, & agente nimbos 
 Ocyor ^uro. 
 
 Thus 
 
L o G 1 c K and R h e t o r i c kJ 3^ i 
 
 Thus render 'd into Englijii by Mr. John Hugb&i : 
 
 Stit pwiftcrfar ii esecrable Care 
 
 Than Sra^s, or Whidi, that thro' the Skies 
 7'hick driving, Sf)o-v:s, and gathered T'e/fzpep bear, 
 
 'Turfuing Cere the failing Ship out-flies, 
 CUrdb's the tall VeJJeh painted Sides, 
 
 Nor leaves armd Squadrons in the Field 5 
 Sut -ivith the marching Horfemen rides. 
 
 And dzvells alike in Courts and Caraps, and makes 
 
 (all Places yield. 
 
 Few Authprs are capable of improving a Thought of 
 the Antients j their Sentiments have that Height of Per- 
 feftion, that there's no Room left for adding any Thing ; 
 yet fome were of Opinion in France, that Afaynard had 
 improv'd a Thought of Lucan^s, in the ninth Bock, on 
 Cornelia's Mourning for the Death o^'Fompey. 
 
 Perfruitur lacrymis, 8c amat pro conjuge Iu6ium. 
 
 Still ivith frejh 'Tears the living Grief \vou\l feed. 
 And fondly loves it in her Husband's Stead. 
 
 Rowe. 
 
 Afaynard turns it thus, on a Father's mourning for the 
 Death of his Daughter. 
 
 Qui me confoie, excite ma colere, 
 
 Et le repos eft un bien que ]e crains : 
 
 Mon deuil me plaift, & me doit toujours plaire ; 
 
 II me tient lieu de celle que jc plains. 
 
 Who comforts ine, my Wrath excites 
 I fear from Rcfi to find Relief-, 
 In Grief alone my Soul delights. 
 And akvays Jhou'd delight in Grief. 
 Fcr Her, alas l -ivho no-w is dead. 
 My living Grief 7nufi fland in Stead. 
 
 SOU HOUR S fays he has not imnrov'd, but only 
 translated, or paraphras'd it, without adding any Thing 
 new ; and juilly obferves, that it is very diSicuk to 
 heighten the Beauty of a Thought which was beautiful 
 before 5 as Ariftotle tells us that antient Author did who 
 improv'd the Saying of another. Fair Ferfons carry 
 Letters of Recommcndaticn in their Foreheads. Thus 
 tJ:ofe Letters are written '■jcith Nature's oivn Hand, and 
 f.re legible in all Nations, 'Tis dangerous to endeavour 
 
 to 
 
332 T&e ARTS of 
 
 to have more Wit than thofe that have moil:. This 
 leads diredly to Refinement, unlcfs great Care be 
 taken : But thofe Wits that fubtilize, need only follow 
 their Genius to take Flight, and lofe themfelves in 
 their own Thoughts. Dr. liomte^ and Mr. Coivley are 
 iufficient Inflances of this Vice in our Language : The 
 L-atter, as has been hinted, copy'd the Former in his 
 Faults 'j and it feems ftrange to rne, that after Sucklhi^ 
 arul TVaUer had written, whofe Genius's were fo fine and 
 tuft, Mr. Cozdey ftiould imitate Dr. "Donne j in whom 
 there's hardly any Thing that's agreeable, or one Stroke 
 which has any Likenefs to Nature : Two or three Ex- 
 amples will fervc to fhew his Manner j as this of his 
 felling in Love. 
 
 Love pwalkivi us but never cha'ws^ 
 Sy hu/2, as by Chain-Shot^ ivhole Ranks do dye^ 
 Be is the 'Tyrant 'Pike, and ive the Frye. 
 Jf *t--were not fo -ivhat did become 
 
 Of my Heart --jchen I firjl fa-zv Thee ? 
 / brought a Heart into the Roon?^ 
 
 "But from the Room I carry" d none '•joith me. 
 If it had gone to Thee I knoii\ 
 
 Mine ivou'd have taught thine Heart to po'v? 
 More 'T^ity unto me. Jiut Love alas ! 
 At one firjl Slo-jo didpiver it as Glafs. 
 
 But what follows is ftill more extraordinary. *Tis 
 on Love too, the moft natural Subject which can he 
 thought of. 
 
 Our t-zvo Souls therefore "xhich are onc^ 
 Though I muji go^ indure not yet 
 A Sreachy but an Expanfiony 
 Like Gold to airy Thinnefs beat. 
 Jf they be tim^ they are t-ivofo^ 
 Asjlifft-zvin CompaJ/es are tzvo^ 
 Thy Souly the fixt Foot^ makes no pew 
 To move, but doth if f other do. 
 And tho it in the Center fit ^ 
 Tet -zvhen the other far dothrome-, 
 It leans and hearkens after ity 
 And grozvs crc^ as that comes Home. 
 Such zvilt thou be to me, ivho mufi 
 Like father Foot^ obliquely I'un, 
 
 Vhy 
 
LOGICK J«^/ RhE TORICK. 333 
 
 '2'hy Firmnefs makes my Circle juft^ 
 j4nd makes me end where I begun. 
 
 What Woman's Heart in the World could fl-and out 
 againft fnch an Attack as this, after /he once underdood 
 how to handle a Pair of Compafles ? Both jDonne and 
 Co-ivley were Men of Learning, and mull confequcntly 
 have read the Anticnts over and over. They could ne- 
 ver learn this from them, but owe all the Extravagance 
 in it to their own Genius's. I have elfewhere taken 
 Notice of Soileatis imitating the Wits of antient Greece 
 and Rome in his Writings, and paraphrafing upon their 
 Thoughts, without pretending to make them better 
 than he found them. 'Tis very well if he preferves the 
 Spirit that was in the Greek and Latin in his own Lan- 
 guage 5 and this he does very often, as may be fcen 
 by the Citations out of the antient Authors, in the lat- 
 ter Editions of his Works, compar'd with his Verfes 
 which are taken from them. He fometimes borrows 
 from Virgil\ moft ferious Poems, wh-.^t he makes ufe of 
 in his Satyrs ; as particularly this PaiTage in the Fourth 
 of the JEneis. 
 
 Nee tibi Diva parens, generis nee Dardanus Au«51or, 
 Pcrfide fed Buris genuit te cantibus barrens 
 Caucafus. Hyrcanseque admorunt Ubera Tigres. 
 Nort ton Pere a Paris, ne fut point Boulanger 
 Et tu n'es point du fang de Gcrvais Horlogcr : 
 Ta Mere ne fut point la Maitref^e d'un Coche, 
 Caucafe dans fes flancs, te forma d'un Roche : 
 Une Tigrefle afFreufe, en quelque Autre ecarti^ 
 Te fit, avec fon laift, fuccer fa Cruaure. 
 
 Thy Father never --jcas a Paris Sakery 
 
 Nor T'hou the Slood cf Gervais the Clock-7/iaker y 
 
 fr'hy Mother never was a Coachman^ SridCy 
 
 Formed of a Rock in Caucafus'j Side^ 
 
 Or a Fell Tygrefs infome horrid Cave, 
 
 I'bee -'jjith her Milk^ her cruel Nature gave. 
 
 Sir jfohn Tienham tranflates Virgil thus, and, I 
 think, better than Drydcn. 
 
 I'hy Mother ivas no Goddcfs^ nor thy Stock 
 From Dardanus, but in fo7ne horrid Rock, 
 'Perfidious Wretch \ rough Caucafus 'Thee bred, 
 ^nd with their Milk. Hyrcankn 7>'^f r^/^i. 
 
 srRJ2)A 
 
'334 "The ARTS (^ 
 
 S T'R A^ a, in his Wars of Flanders, aftef having 
 told us, that the Cannon carried away the Legs of 
 fome of the Soldiers, the Heads of others, and Arms and 
 Shoulders in Abundance 5 that their Members fo carry'd 
 away wounded their Conipanions which were dying, as 
 one may iiiy, by the Hands of their own People and 
 their Friends : Kc adds, iDimidiato corpore fugnabaut, 
 fibi fiipcrptes, ac peremptce partis ulroreSy fome were 
 cut in two by Chain-Shot, and fought with half their Bo- 
 dies 5 and thus ofit-living themfelves, revenged that 
 Part of their Bodies which they had loft. Such a De- 
 fcription as this is hardly fufferable in the Amadis\ and 
 T)on (^jlxot^^s, and is fcandalous in ferious Hiftory 5 How 
 much more natural is that of Widdrington in Chevy 
 Chace, whom the Poet allows to be 
 
 /;/ doleful Tiumps, 
 
 Tet ivben his Legs ivcre both cut ojfy 
 He fought upon his Stumps. 
 
 Which he miglit very well be fuppos'd to ^6, allowing 
 him a little of the Courage of the Saracen in ^.tajjo^ who 
 threaten'd the Chrillians after he was dead. 
 
 E mono anco minaccla. 
 
 . B u*r for one half of a Body to fight after the other is 
 loft, and to revenge the Lofs of it, is not Subtlety pro- 
 perly, but Nonfcnfe 5 and hardly worth Criticifm, were 
 it not for the Charafler of the Author. Of the many 
 fine Things in the B<illad of Cl'evy Chace, I wonder this 
 Jhould be omitted by the Author c^ Spe^ator^ N°. 70. 
 which is a Comment uprm it 5 and he endeavours ro' 
 ihew how the Old Englip Poet has refin'd upon the. 
 ^atin, even the Prince of the Latin Poets, in Earl 
 Douglas's laft Words, and other Places 3, 
 
 Zord "Piercy fees my Fall. 
 
 knowledges that 5 
 banner. 
 
 ■Vicifti& Vi6lum 
 
 The Spctfator acknowledges that I'utnus does not dye 
 .'>n fo Heroick a Manner. 
 
 Aufonii videre. 
 
 ^he^ Latian Chiefs have feen me beg my Life^ 
 I'hine is the Conquef^ 
 
 An^ 
 
LoGiCK ^;;^ RHEf OR TCK. 335 
 
 And again, 
 
 T'he Child may rue thnt is unborn 
 ^I'he Hunting of that 'Day. 
 
 As in Horace^ 
 
 Audiet pugnas vitio parentum 
 Rara juventus. 
 
 But, after all, I am apt to believe th&C the Old ir/?g-- 
 lip Poet took his Thoughts from Nature only, and as 
 they were born of the Subjeft, Virgil being little ftu- 
 died, and lefs imitated at the Time he wrote, which 
 was in that of Chaucer^ or not long after. 
 
 I T has been more than once remark'd, that T'aJJo is 
 very apt to go too far in his Way of Thinking, as he doQ9 
 where 'T*arM:red fays to his Hand, 
 
 Pafla pur quefto petto, e fieri fcempi 
 Col fcrro tuo crudel fa del mio core : 
 Ma forfe ufata a fatti atroci i?c empi 
 Stimi pieta dar morte al mio dolore. 
 
 Thus very well renderd by Fairfax. 
 
 fierce through this Sofom^ and 7ny cruel Heart 
 In Pieces cleave ^ break evry String and Vein j 
 IBut 'Thou to Slaughters "Me -which ufed Arty 
 Thinkjl it ivere 'Pity thus to eafe my \Pain. 
 
 O F the fame Kind is Taffb\ Thought upon Tan- 
 cred's Suppofition that Qorinda's Body might be devour'd 
 by wild Beails. 
 
 Honorata per me tomba, e fcllce 
 Ovunque fia, s'elTer con lor mi lice. 
 
 Fairfax again, 
 
 Sat iffome Seafl did from the Hills defiendy 
 And on her tender Soivels made his Feaft^ 
 Let that fell Monfier me in Tieces rendy 
 And deep entomb me in his hollow Chejl : 
 For where Jhe burfd is, there Jh all I have 
 A Jiately Tomby a rich and copy Grave. 
 
 A s paffionate as this Thought feems to be, there's 
 tnore Subtlety in it than Paflion 5 and Tajfo is full of 
 fuch Sort of Sentiments. In the following one the Re- 
 finement is fo vifible, that it caanot cfcape one : He is 
 
 fpeaking 
 
336 'i'he ARTS of 
 
 fpciiking of the Combat between 'Tancred and Clor/f^Ja* 
 in which the Combatants gave each other fuch deep ana 
 wide Wounds, that if the Soul did not iffue out at them, 
 it was rctain'd by Rage. 
 
 E fc la vita 
 Non efce, fdcgno tien la al petto unita. 
 
 Jlfhl if-zveak Life did in their 'Bcfoms lie^ 
 ^hey liv'd becaufe they both difdainW to die. 
 
 "I'aJJ'o has a Thought quite contrary to this 5 fpeaking of 
 a Saracen^ who, fighting valiantly to the lall Gafp, 
 was fb wounded all over, that his Body fecm'd but one 
 "Woiind : 
 
 E fatto e il corpo fuo Tola una piaga. 
 
 After which he fliidj 
 
 La vita no, ma la virtu fbflenta 
 Quel cadavero indoniito, e feroce. 
 
 ^'J^-fas Vcilour, and not Life fuftain'd 
 '^hat Corpfe iintameabk and fierce. 
 
 Is not all this too fine, and too far fctch'd, as well as 
 what was faid of a brave Grecian^ who dy'd Itanding 
 upright. His Body ftuck Hill of Arrows at the Battle of 
 Marathon y ftood erect after he was dead, fupported by 
 thofe Arrows. 'Tis in a Declamation of 'Daniel Hcin- 
 flUSy put into the Mouth of the Father oi CnlliuJachitSy 
 which abounds with lively Strokes 3 but the Attc^atiort 
 in it is cxquifite from the Beginning to the End. 
 
 *' There's Room to doubt, fays Callii/jacbui^ Father, 
 *• Whether my Son conquer'd in Dying, or dy'd in 
 *' Conquering. Death did not interrupt his Viilorr, 
 *' but Ihc eontinu'd it : He fupported all ^/V, and is 
 " not fallen. He is dead, but he dy'd ereil. Why 
 *' didft thou give him, Nature^ fo heavenly a Mind, or 
 *' a mortal Body ? He cou'd not fill, he could not be 
 *' conquer'd, but was compell'd to dye. He did not 
 " quit his Body, but his Body quitted him. He is the 
 *' firll who yielded to Nature at the fime Time that he 
 ** triumph 'd over her. He is the firll whom Death has 
 *' not overthrown 5 who gave Proofs of his Valour after 
 " he was dead 5 and by his Death, extended the Gloi'y: 
 
 ana 
 
L o G T c K and Rhetoric k. 357 
 
 *' and Duration of his Life. I know net whether I ought to 
 " demand a Maufckum for him, or to refufe it. "VVou'd 
 *' to Heaven, Cdllimachus^ thou couldlt talk after thy 
 *' Death, as well as thou couldft conquer ! Then wouldll 
 *' thou doubtlefs cxprefs thy felf thus : Inllcad of a Mo>- 
 *' nument, Oh Athenians^ I demand that you have nic 
 *' Immortal in your Memory. I iliould be alham'd to 
 *' be buried among the other Dead, fome of whom fell 
 *' before they dy'd, and none remain 'd upright after 
 *' they v/ere flain. Whoever you be, do not touch me, 
 *' leait you be more cruel than the Enemy who could 
 *' indeed kill me, but cou'd not throw mc down, 
 *' nor make me change Place. Let no Body raife a 
 *' Statue for me 3 this Corpfe is fullicient : Let non^ 
 " prepare a Trophy, this Carcafs is one. But why'j 
 " Oh Hands, did you fight no longer ? Were you a- 
 *' fraid it would be thought that you had not fought ? 
 *' Poflerity will as foon believe a dead Man might 
 *' fighr, as that he did, not fall down". Sure this is 
 fubtilizing with a Witnefs, but the moil witty, accord- 
 ing to '^ere Bouhours^ that one can meet with 5 and it 
 has charm 'd many Jtn ingenious Man, who cou'd not 
 take any Thing to be Witty, that was only Natural : Such 
 an one mull be delighted beyond Meafure withfuch -X 
 Chain of Paradoxes, and to fee Truth and FaKliood lb 
 many Ways confounded. We have been taught by the 
 learned Jefuit, that the Anthohgia^ a Colle6lion of 
 Greek Epigrams, has as much Simplicity and Naivety 
 in it, as any Colleftion whatever. I had forgot what 
 Mr. Tiryien had faid of it in the Prefice to Jwuenal j 
 but I have in feveral Places remembred, that he fre- 
 quently offends himfelf, againfl Simplicity, and moll of 
 all in his Tragedies, which ought to be the Reverfe 
 of Affectation. I find now that he was not fb well 
 taught in the Vices of Eloquence, as the French were 
 by Souhours 5 and was not fenfible that Naivety and 
 Simplicity are the moft charming of all the Beauties 
 which adorn either Thought or Expreffion ; for as full 
 of thefe Beauties as is the Anthologia^ he affures us, 'tis 
 one of the v/orft Books of Poetry which Vv^as ever pub- 
 lifli'd. Having confefi'd that "Tajjo is full of Points of 
 Epigrams and Witticifms, and ought to forfeit his Cha- 
 racter as an Heroick Poet on that Account 5 he condemns 
 all who were guilty of the like Fault, to be tuni^d, do--xn 
 
 Z from 
 
'^38 TbekK'TSof 
 
 from Homer to the Anthologia, frcm Virgil to Martia:! 
 and Owen's Epigrams y and from Spencer to Fleckno j 
 that iSi frora the top to the bottom of all '^Poetry. It 
 muft be own'd, that the learned Jefuit allows there are 
 feveral Poems in that CoUeftion, wherein one finds too 
 much Subtlety and Refinement 5 but I am fatisfy'd that 
 was not the Fault which funk them fo in Mr. 1>rydenB 
 Judgment. If the Refinement and Subtlety had been 
 what he took Offence at, the Simplicity and Naivety 
 mult have pleas 'd him, and he vvou'd not have plac'd 
 the Anthologia at the very bottom of all 'Poetry. I can't 
 fay I was fbrry to meet with fuch a Confirmation of the 
 Opinion I had of the Liberty he gave himfelf in Think- 
 ing, but I was forry lb fine a Genius fhould have been 
 fo little careful to correct it. 
 
 SOU HOURS confines the Refinement and Sub- 
 tlety of the Authors of the Anthologia chiefly to Phyfi- 
 cians and Mifers. The Latter can hardly be dealt with 
 too roughly, the Vice is lb deteftable, as it is an Enemy 
 to Society, that one can hardly help fpeaking of them 
 without Indignation, which will of Courfe make one fiy 
 too much. But as it is the Abufe of Phyfick only, 
 which has expos'd Phyficians to the Raillery of the 
 Poets-, fo when they fubtilize too much in it, they are 
 to be condemned; As where 'tis faid in the Anthologia, 
 that a Man, who before was in a good State of Health, 
 dy'd fuddenly, upon dreaming only that he had fcen 
 the Phyfician Her?rwcrateSi That was going too far, it 
 cou'd not kill him to dream that he favv him, whatever 
 it might have done to have really feen him. A cove- 
 tous Man hang'd himfelf for dreaming that he had fpent 
 fome Money. There was no great Lofs of him indeed, 
 and if all the Mifers we know had the fame Dreams 
 with the £\me Effects, we need not go into Mourning 
 about it. That other covetous Man who wou'd not hang 
 himfelf, becaufe the Rope was too dear, is much more 
 reafonable, for it was not a Dream. 
 
 The poor Man and the Mifer, in Horace, talk more 
 in Reafon and Nature, according to their different Cha- 
 faftcrs. The poor Man is in Difpair, and wants a Rope 
 to hang himfelf, but he has not Money to buy it» 
 
 Cumdeerit egenti JEs^ laquei pretium^ 
 
 The 
 
L o G 1 c K and R h e t o r i c le. '^3^ 
 
 The Mifer being fick, and wanfing a Cordial, which 
 Would have coft three Pence, cries out, 
 
 Eheu ! quid refer t Morbo aut furtis pereamne 
 Rapinis. 
 
 Wretch that I nm^ 'Vi'hat inatter^ if I perijh 
 Sy Sicknefs^ or the Rapine of thcfe Robbers. 
 
 N o Subje6l: has given more Occafion to the Poets and 
 Makers of Romances, to fubtilize and refine in their Way 
 of Thinking, than the Eyes of their Heroines j They 
 have faid all the filly Things which could come into 
 their Imaginations ^ and that too when they talk'd fe- 
 rioufly. A SpaniJJj Poet in Praife of black Eyes, fays, 
 they were in Mourning for thofe they had kill'd. If I 
 do not differ from Father Souhours in any Thing, it 
 wou'd be in this, which feems to me to be NonfenTe, 
 and not Subtlety ; as I faid on another Occafion* 
 
 Unas ojos negros vi 
 
 T dixe los vlenclo negros : 
 
 Ojos cargados de Into 
 
 Sin duda que tienen muertoSi 
 
 And for grey Eyes, they are cloth'd in Gi'ey, as Chil- 
 dren at Funerals. 
 
 Cojno fiinos dc intiero 
 2)e dzulfe vijlen. 
 
 How whimfical and foolifh is this ? And that of a- 
 tiother Spanijh Poet, who having an Enemy which he 
 wanted to get rid of, asks a Lady to lend him her Eyes 
 to kill hira» 
 
 Tnezi dame tus ojos 
 
 'Por tina noche ; 
 torque quiero con cllos 
 
 Matar nn hombre. 
 
 In a Book entitled, VBiftoire des Grands Vifin^ 
 the Author fays, the Eyes of the Sultana were fb 
 bright and lively, that one cou'd not tell what Colour 
 they were of. And in another, call'd the Concjuifto dp 
 Granato^ the Eyes of Elvira are faid to have fo much 
 Fire and Luftre, that the Stars themfelves arc beautiful 
 ©nly in as much as they rcfembk them* 
 
34^ W^ ARTS of 
 
 Occhi^ appo cm t ant of on belle ^ 
 ^anro Jimli a lor fono lefielk. 
 
 Eyes are generally compar'd to Stars, and have fo much 
 the more jJeauty, by how much they refemblc them : 
 But here the Stars are not beautiful, but in Proportion, 
 as they refemble the Eyes of* the Princefs of Granada. 
 Thcfime Thought, as extravagant as it is, may be found 
 in JlejH, and almoft in the fame Terms. 
 
 Adorer nel folee nelle ftelle 
 Gil occJoi^ che del raio cor fono il focile : 
 Q)j(ello e vago dtro, quefis [on belle 5 
 Sol per che haijran femUanza d vol Jiraile. 
 
 Her e's a Robbery committed on 'Tejli^ but the Rea- 
 der thinking to have got a Diamond, finds a Piece of 
 Glafs only. Mr. Rowe^ in the Ambitious Step-Afotber, 
 goes as far as any of them upon Eyes. 
 
 T'hy Eyes 'wbicb coii'd the Sun's bright 'Beams decay ^ 
 Might fjine for him^ and blefs the World '■jcith^Day. 
 
 Lord Rochejiert in Valentinian^ makes them to be Fire 
 and Water at the fame Time. 
 
 Who kno'iJC'S hoiv Eloquent thefeEyes may prove ^ 
 'Begging in Floods of 'Tears ^ and Flames of Love. ] 
 
 See in his Theodofius^ 
 
 As fair as Winter-Star^ or Summer* s Setting-Sun. 
 
 T^ljR.. Waller thinks fometimes like T'ejll and the Spa- 
 nij'Jj Poet, in his Verfes to the Lady Carlijle in Mourn- 
 ing. 
 
 When from black Clouds no ^ art of Sky is clear ^ 
 Sut juji fo muck as let's the Sun appear 5 
 Heaven then 'xou'dfeem thy Image ^ and reflet 
 Thofe fable Vejlmcnts^ and that bright AfpeB, 
 
 I T has been already obferv'd, that Chriftian Poets j 
 when they make bold with Heathen Deities, do not 
 concern Religion in it, for that they do not believe their 
 Exiftence, fo much as even the Vilions of a Dream : 
 And therefore Mr. Waller's Gallantry has no Impiety 
 in it, when he is fpeaking of SachariJJa's Eyes as ]he 
 lay afleep. 
 
 a More 
 
Log I CK ^;;<j/ Rhet o R iCK. 341 
 
 Afore proud than Phoebus of his T^hrcne of Goldy 
 Is the foft God thofe fofter Limbs to hold 5 
 'Nor ivou'd exchange ivith Jove to hide the Skies 
 In darkning Clouds^ the 'Po-wr to clofe thofe Eyes. 
 
 Nor is there too much Subtlety or Refinement where he 
 fpeaks of Queen Henrietta Maria : 
 
 So happy 'tis you 777 ove infuch a Sphere^ 
 j4s your high Majejiy ivith awful Fear, 
 In hu777ane Sreajis might qualify that Fire, 
 Which y kindled by thofe Eyes, hadfla7ned higher 
 'Than when the fcorched World like Hazard run^ 
 Sy the approach of the ill-guided Sun. 
 
 But I am afraid the fame gallant Poet has over-fhot him- 
 felf in the following Thought on the fame Subject, He 
 addrefles himfelf to the Sun : 
 
 Stay, Phoebus, jlayy 
 'The World to which you fly fo fafiy 
 
 Conveying tDay 
 Frora us to them, can pay your Hajle 
 With nofuch Obje5fy and falute your Rife 
 With nofuch Wonder as de Mornay'5 Eyes. 
 
 So far the Gallantry of it may make the Thought 
 paffable 5 but the next Stanza is what Father 2^ouhour'S 
 calls Refinement and Subtlety : 
 
 Well does this prove 
 The Error of thofe antique Sooks, 
 
 Which 7/2ade you move 
 j^bout the World ; her charming Looks 
 Wou'd fix your Seams , and rnake it even Ttay^ 
 iDid not the rowling Earth fiatch her away. 
 
 Here is the Copernican Syftem prov'd by the Pofiticxi 
 of the Lady's two bright Eyes 5 and fure every one will 
 eafily perceive that this is over-doing it. Tefii, the Ita- 
 lian Poet juft nam'd, fays of a young Knight of Majorca y 
 taken by an Algerine Pirate, and plac'd by him as a 
 Labourer in his Garden by the Sea Side ; 
 
 E piu de gl' occhi al lampo 
 
 Ch' all'opre della man fiorir fa il campo. 
 
 Z 5 ^h€ 
 
^4^ Tl^e ARTS of 
 
 I'he 'Bright nefi of the Gari^nefi Byes, 
 More helpt the Fhivers and 'Plants to rife, 
 I'ban the Labour of his Hands. 
 
 The Author of the New Idylls in French, thinks liko 
 
 lies beaux yeux de Kais d'un feul de leurs rayons 
 Rendent aux fleurs I'eclat, la verdure aux gazons. 
 
 A Look of Nais'i bright Eyes will itiake 
 
 I'heir 'Beauty Flowers, and Grafs its Grcennefs take. 
 
 The Eyes of another Shephcrdefs are notconfin'd to 
 ^he fetting Hearts on fire : 
 
 lis brifent I'herbe encor, mettent les fleurs en poudre, 
 Brillenf comme un eclair, & brulent commc un 
 
 (foudrc. 
 
 7'hey frorch the Grafs, the Flozvers to 'Powder turn, 
 Zike Lightning glare, and like the T'hunder burn. 
 
 Father Sou hours tells us, that thefc Thoughts, 
 though frivolous and overftrain'd, are not fo fubtle as 
 the Spanijb Poet, Gratian, on Elvira's Eyes 5 and, be- 
 iides, are not fb blamable in an Idyll, or Eclogue, as in 
 an Herqick Poem. We will therefore look on the fol- 
 lowing Verfes, written on a Garden in the North, to 
 be of the Eclogue or idyll Kind : 
 
 What Charm is this, that in the midfi of Snow, 
 Of Storms and Slajfs, the noblefi Fruits do grow ! 
 Melons on Seds of Ice are taught to hear. 
 And Strangers to the Sun, yet ripen here. 
 On frozen Ground thefwiftefi Flowers arife^ 
 Unfeen by any Light but FlaviaV Eyes ; 
 Where e'er Jhe treads, beneath the Charmer's Fee ft 
 'J'he Rofe, the Jefmin, and the Lillies meet j 
 Where e'er pe looks, behold fome fudden Birth. 
 Adorns the L'rees, and frudifi.es the Earth. 
 
 I LEAVE to the Reader to determine, whether thera 
 2k not as much Subtlety in thefe Verfes as in T'efii's of 
 the young Knight of Majorca, or Gratian of Elvira's 
 iiye?. As to the Point, whether Subtlety is a Vice in 
 Sentiments, I P,iaU «ot undertake it 5 Father Souhours 
 |]^s prov'd that it is 3 and then this Thought of thq 
 ' "' I is^ort^ei^jfi^ 
 
L o G I c K and R h e t o r i c k.' 343 
 
 Northern Lady is infcfted with it. However, this does 
 not hinder the Poem's being n charming one. Indeed, 
 'tis not for want of Wit that Poets refine and fubtilife - 
 thofe that do it have rather too much than too little j and 
 v.'hat is faid of tliis Beauty of the Norths in the next 
 Verfcs, is a Proof of it : 
 
 //; midfl of Mountains^ a fid unfruitful Ground, 
 j^s rich an Eden as the fir jl is found. 
 In this ne~j} 'Paradifepe reigns in State^ 
 With fovereign Tride^ difdainful of a Mate^ 
 Like the firfi Charmer fair ^ but ?iot fa frail, 
 u4gainjl -zvhofe Virtue all Temptations fail : 
 Seneath thofe 'Beams that f cor ch usfrora her Eyes, 
 Herfnowy Sofoinfiill unmelted lies. 
 Love from her Lips fpreads all his Odours rounds 
 Sut bears on Ice^ and fprings frora frozen Ground, 
 So cold the Clime that canfuch Wonders bear^ 
 'The Garden feems an Ei72blera of the Fair. 
 
 Equally gallant and beautiful 5 and it is with Pride, as 
 I am an EngUpman, that I quote Verfcs in our Lan- 
 guage, which may vie, for Elegance and Beauty, with 
 any ancient and foreign. I do not quote fuch as have 
 any Blemirti of Thought, in Difparagement of the 
 Merit of the Author, but to fliew the Unhappinefs of 
 our greateft Genius's, in not cultivating their judgment 
 as much as their Wit. We may very well believe that 
 fome of them knew better 5 but obferving that the Ge- 
 nerality of Readers, 
 
 Sotb the great Vulgar and the Small, 
 
 tool: Things in the Lump, and made no Diftinction iri 
 the Way of Thinking 5 tney fell in with the popular 
 Tafte 5 and, if they plcas'd, did not matter on what 
 Terms. 
 
 If fuch Subtlety is not tolerable in Love Verfes, 
 which may be as wanton as confifts with Decency and 
 Innocence, how mull it look in Hiftory, than which no- 
 thing Jhould be more grave, except the Charges of our 
 Judges ? It muft needs be ridiculous in all ferious Nar- 
 rations, where nothing is juft but what is iimple and na- 
 tural. Who can help laughing, as Pere Souhcurs ob- 
 ferves, when in reading a Spanip Hiftorian's Defcrip- 
 tion of the Queen of Spain\ Entry into M^drid^ he 
 
 Ji, 4 ' meets 
 
344 The ARTS of 
 
 meets with this Pafliige : Il;a fu Magejl.idy tan hellrt 
 que folofe exccdia afi mifma j dan do con la ferenidad de 
 fu roftro vida a los prados, y vigar a las plant as. 'Twas 
 in the Month of January that the Qiiccn made her 
 Entry j and there was To much Serenity in her Coun- 
 tenance as gave Life to the Meaciows and Strength 
 to the Plants. We Englijlo have not the Vivacity 
 of the Spanish and Italian Hiilorians, or we fhould 
 have had enough of fuch Sentiments as thefe in two or 
 three late Hiftories. The Authors have fhewn their 
 good Will to Amplification and Exaggeration, which 
 are the Refinement and Subtlety of Hiftory. I will not 
 fay there is Subtlety in what Archdeacon Ecbard fays 
 was faid by Archbilhop Uper to the King, on the Exe- 
 cution of the Earl o^ Straford : J have fee n many die, 
 hut never fa'x jo ivhite a Soul return to its Maker. If 
 to fee a Soul, and to diftinguifh the Colour of it, is not 
 fubtilifing, 'J^ere Houhours has given us no Inftances of 
 it. Of this Kind is what the fime Hillorian tells us by 
 Archbilhop Laud^ on the fame Earl's Sufferings : His 
 main Misfortunes "jcere oiving to thepublick Envy of the 
 I^obilfty, and kisfcrving a ?/iild and gracious ^PrincCy 
 ivho kns-zv not ho-zv to be made great. I am willing to 
 be a little the longer on this Article, becaufe it lets us 
 into the Charafter of our late Hiilories more than any 
 thing. We remember how Father Soubours fell upon 
 T'acitus for fubtilifing, that is, making Guefles at the 
 Springs of Aftion, farther than was warranted by the 
 Adions themfelves. Thus Mr. Ecbard on the Earl of 
 Strafford llill : " Thus fell the tall Cedar of the Wood, 
 *' the greateft Subjci^l in Power, not lefs in Wifdom, 
 •' and little lefs in Fortune, at that Time, in the ♦:hree 
 *' Kingdoms 5 who could well remember the Time 
 *' when he led the People, who afterwards purfu'd him 
 ** to his Ruin. His Authority and Station may be com- 
 *' par'd to the earthy Mounds, or Sea-Banks, which bc- 
 '* ing fwept away by a Storm, leave all the Inland to be 
 " drown'd by popular Tumult. Fie was fo formidable 
 *' to the Scotch y that he fell a Sacrifice more to their 
 *' Fear than to their Revenge." If there's any Subtlety 
 like this in all 'I^acitus^ I mull lock out for fome better 
 Critick than 'Bouhours to be my fnftruclor. That 
 learned Jefuit would not allow T'acitus to be an excellent 
 Hijicrian^ purely on account of his refining and fubti- 
 lifing 3 
 
LOGICK ^7^^ RhETORICK. 345 
 
 lifing ; and if we allow our late Hirtorians to be excel- 
 lent, it mufl be chiefly on that very Account j for I dare 
 fiiy there is not one Charafter in any of their Hiitories 
 which is not made up of Subtlety and Refinement. I 
 might extend the Inllance of the Earl of Strnford out 
 o'tEchnrd j but what is faid is more than futiicjent to 
 explain Father 'Ban hour s's Leflbn. In the Memorials 
 left us by Whitlock, Rufimiorth^ and others, we meet 
 with plain Fafts 5 and by thofe Fa^ls it appears that 
 'twas the Grievances of King Cbarlsi the Firft's Govern- 
 ment which rais'd thofe Difcontents that ended in a 
 Civil War : The Subtilifers tell us 'No. And when 
 they come to particular Perfons we have other Reafbns 
 for their Difcontentment. As of the Earl of "Bedford : 
 He ivai a ivife Mc.n^ and of a large Fortune ^ and only 
 dejlgn'd to advance brmfelf and his Friends at Court. Of 
 the Lord Say : No Man valued hi7-,?f elf more on his Fa- 
 raily^ or had greater Ambition to advance it. lie had 
 great Tarts^ and much conversed -zvith Scoks ; hut from 
 his Infancy had fucked in an imphcable Malice againft 
 the Church. He --xas a profefsW Enetny to the rnojl emi- 
 nent Churchmen ; and got great Credit by being com- 
 mitted to Trifon at York. Of the Lord Kimbolton : 
 Having marrfd the Earl of Warwick '5 'DauThter^ he 
 totally ejlrang'd himfelf from Courts and cloiW in •idtb 
 the Lord Say. His Father adopted him into the \Puri- 
 tan 'Farty^ and entered the other Son into the Fofifa 
 Religion 5 fo that one might never fail of an Intercjl in 
 T'imes of Extremity. His Generofuy caus\l him to live 
 above the narro-zv Alloztance made him by his -zvary 
 Father^ ijcho often be-zvail'd his Son's being engaged in 
 the Fraternity cf the ne-zv Reformprs 5 yet aJ This time 
 he found the benefit of being fcreenW by hisfck Intereft^ 
 froTit that Infirmity -zvhich run thrciii^h iois -rchole Life^ 
 of refufmg nothing that -zvas given him. There -zvas no 
 Man a greater Confident cf the tDifcontented Farty 
 than he 5 and none to ivhom the ivhole Mafs cf their 
 'Defigns^ as -zvell thofe in Embrio as thofe in full Form^ 
 ivas more entirely communicated. *' The Earl of 'Bed- 
 *' ford, the Lord Vifcount Say^ and the Lord Kimbol- 
 *' ton, fays Mr. Echard zfter the Earl o{ Clarendon, were 
 *' the principal Agents in the Houfe of Peers. They 
 " were chiefly rely'd on, and without Referve truftccl 
 *' by thofe who were to manage all in the Houfe of 
 
 " Com- 
 
346 T:he ARTS of 
 
 ** Commons 5 and to raife that Spirit, which upon all 
 *' Occafions was to mflame the Lords, or might by any 
 ** Means increafe their Party. By their Artifices and 
 *' Application to the popular Humour of the Earl of 
 " Ejje>:^ they prevail'd and got full Pofleffion of him." 
 The Author of thefe fubtle Rcflcfticns makes himfelf 
 not caily acquainted with the very Souls of the Earl of 
 Sedfordy and the Lords Sny and Kimboiton, fo deeply 
 as to have feen the Embrio as well as the Birth of their 
 Defigns, He faw their Commiffion from the Leaders 
 of the Houfe of Commons, that it was without Referve, 
 He was intimate with the Spirit which thofe Leaders 
 rais'd in the Lower Houfe of Parliament 5 and knew 
 that they did not apply to the Earl oi EJJex as a power- 
 ful Lord and a good Soldier, but as he was a vain Man 
 and lov'd Popularity. So far is this Refinement carry'd, 
 that the Hiftorian tells us, he had never been a Soldier 
 had not King Jamei put Hardfliips upon him, in fiivour 
 of Ca)\ Earl of Somerfet^ which occafion'd his going to 
 Holland to learn the Ufe of Arms. Can any thing be 
 more refin'd and fubtle, or, rather, more extravagant 
 and incredible ? Did the Earl of Ejjex forefee there 
 would be a Civil War in King Jamcih pacifick Reign ? 
 Somerfet died before that King 5 and it was four Years 
 afi:cr he v/as dead that the Earl of E.jjex accompany'd 
 Sir Horatio Vere into the ^JPalatinnte^ to join thofe 
 who are called the 'Bohemian Rebels in Mr. Erhard's 
 Hiftory, p. ^^6. and who were indeed the faithful Sub- 
 jeds of our prefent moil gracious Sovereign's Royal 
 Great-Grandfather. Add "to this, that the Earl of 
 EJJeXy at his Return to England, was well with the 
 Court, and intrullcd by King Charles I. with the Com- 
 mand of his Army againft the Scots, in which Service 
 he behav'd fo well, that the Archdeacon fpcaks much in 
 Praife of his Fidelity, ^.475. He had committed no 
 falfe Step, either in Council r A f lion 5 ivas difcharged 
 in the Cro-zvd -'vithout Ceremony, and refused the Ranger- 
 pip of Needwood-Forreft, ivhich lying at his Tioor 
 •zrould have infinitely gratrfy'd him. Yet when after- 
 wards he accepted of a Commiffion from the two Houfes 
 oi' Parliament, to be their General, the Archdeacon, 
 or the Hillorian from whom he borrows it, tells us that 
 he went to Holland to learn the Art of War, on purpofe 
 to requite the Indignity offer 'd him by Car, Earl of 
 
 Smerfet^ 
 
LoGicK i;^/;^ Rhetorick: 347 
 
 Somerfet^ in ridding him of a very ill Wife. The 
 Truth is, the Earl of EJfex^ his Father and Grand- 
 father, Paternal and Maternal, were what they call'd 
 Puritans 5 and he was bred up in the generous Prin- 
 ciples of EnsJ'ip Liberty, Spiritual and Temporal, 
 which naturally drew him in to take Part with thofe Per- 
 fons who aflerted it. I'hus the Subtlety and Refine- 
 ment in EcbarcVs Hiltory, or the Hiftcry from whence 
 he took it, is at once both falfe in Facft and in Senti- 
 ment -J and nothing v/ould be more ealy than to fill 
 Volumes with the like Obfcrvations out of our late Hi- 
 flories. It will, indeed, be commonly found, that Hi- 
 florians, who fubtilifc fo upon Sentiments, arc no more 
 iareful of the Truth of their Fa6ts, than of the Simpli- 
 city of their Thought and Expreflion ^ they are for 
 fhining every where, and pleafing the Side they are 
 lilled in, who will give them in return all the Vogue 
 they can. This Obfervation had been more a propos in 
 another Work 3 but is not here an unpardonable pi- 
 greflion, confidering Father 'Bouhours is fb fevere upon 
 ''I'acitus, for faying only, Auguftus preferred Tiberius to 
 Agrippa and Germanicus/or his Glory's Sake only, &c. 
 as before cited. He would not allow oi'J'dcltus's diving 
 deeper into the Bofom of Auguftus than he was permit- 
 ted to do by the Courfe of the Events. As /Jugujlus 
 might have a good Opinion of Tiberius'^ Valour and 
 Policy, or might be prevail'd upon by the Importmiity 
 of his Wife Livla, Mother to Tiberius^ and not by 
 a Jealoufy that j^grippas or Gertnaiiicus's Glory would 
 cclipfe his own. So the Earl of Efjex might be in- 
 clin'ti to fall in with the Parliament Party, out of an 
 Opinion of the Jullice of their Caufe, or through the 
 Perfwafion of his bed beloved Friends j and not our of 
 Vanity, or a popular Humour. This is going beyond 
 what the Fa61: gave occafion for, and is that vicious Re- 
 finement and Subtlety fb much cenfur'd by ^ere Sou- 
 hourSy fome of which, if the Reader expefls to find in 
 almpft every Page of our late Hillories, he will not be 
 difappointcd. ^ut we mull go back to the Poets, who 
 are mod guilty of fubtilifing and refining : The next 
 we find commitdng this Fault is fajfo again, in the Six- 
 teenth Book of the Gicrrfalejnme., \yhcre Rinrildo and 
 Jlrmida are defcrib'd together in amorous Dilliance, 
 juft befo^-c his Friends find him out j he holding a Mir- 
 far tq her s Del^ 
 
^48 TZ'^ ARTS of 
 
 Deh poi cVie fdegni me 5 com'egli h vago, 
 Mirar tu almcn poteffi il proprio volto : 
 Ch'el gaardo tuo, ch' altrove non e pago, 
 Gioiicbbc fclice in fe rivolto. 
 
 Fairfax, 
 
 j^nd if thou me difdun'fiy yet be content y 
 At lea[i fo to behold thy lovely Hue^ 
 ^hat Kjchile thereon thy Looks are fixt and hent^ 
 'Thy happy Fyes themfelves may fee and vie-uo. 
 
 Again^ 
 
 Non puo fpecchio ritrar fi dolce imago : 
 Ne in picciol vetro e un paradifo accolto. 
 Speccio t'e degno il cielo, e ne le ftelle 
 Puoi riffuardar le tue fembianze belle. 
 
 Fairfax, 
 
 So rare a Shape no Chrifal can prefenty 
 No Glafi contain that Heaven of Seauties true 5 
 Oh let the Skies thy "xorthy Mirror bCy 
 And in clear Stars thy Shape and Image fee. 
 
 Can any thing have lefs Reafon and Solidity in it ? 
 Bvit Father Souhours thinks the following Thought is 
 Refinement in Perfcdion. 'Tis at their falling out be^ 
 tore he leaves her : 
 
 Tempo fu ch'io ti chief! e pace e vita 5 
 Dolce hor fliria con morte ufcir di pianti : 
 Ma non la chiedo a te 5 che non e cofa, 
 Ch'eflendo dono tuo non fia odiofa. 
 
 Fairfax, 
 
 Tiine "juas, that of thee Love and Life I prafd ^ 
 Let Tieath now end my I^ove^ my Life^ my Shame '^ 
 Tet let not thy falfe Hand bereave this 'Breath 5 
 For if it rxere thy Gift^ hateful ivere 'Death. 
 
 Armida's Reflexion is a little too delicate ; and yet 
 Miguel CervanteSy Author of Don ^uixot, refines upon 
 Tajfo, where he makes a Man in Defpair, weary of 
 Life, fjpeak thus : 
 
 Vcn muerte tan efcondida, 
 Que no te Ixenta vcnir 3 
 
 . Porque 
 
L o G I c K and R h e t o r i c k. 349 
 
 Porque el plazer del morir 
 No me tome a dar la vida. 
 
 Come quickly y 'Death, at my Requejl j 
 Sttt do not Notice of it give, 
 For fear Ipoii'd be fo much pleased 
 "To die^ as -when thou'rt come, to live. 
 
 Father Souhours has already given us an Inftance 
 of St. Auftin\ Subtlety of Thought j and he further ob- 
 ferves, that the Writers of Pieces of Devotion are not 
 free from this Vice in thinkinjr j though one may well 
 imagine that fuch devout Authors are really what the 
 French call Faux Devots^ Hypocrites. If their Heart 
 was cngag'd, their Tongue would anfwer to it with 
 Plainnefs and Simplicity j and what he infrances out of 
 a Spanifb Prieft's Works, proves what he had juft faid 
 before 3 that from Delicacy to Refinement, is but a fhort 
 Step ; and from Refinement to Nonfenie a Step Hill 
 fhorter. The Spaniards Words are : Dies 7?zio fi me 
 iieranfer tambien dios j no fe que me hiziiera.^ 6 reufarlo 
 forque no tuvieras igual, 6 aceptarlo por a'marte co?uo 
 racreces. *' Oh, my God, if I were to be made a God 
 *' I know not what I fhould do, whether I fliould refufe 
 ** it, that thou may'il have no Equal, or accept it to 
 " love thee as thou deferv'il to be belov'd." Souhours 
 might very well think, that fuch Stuff as this could not 
 be the Breathings of the Holy Spirit. Thefe Thoughts are 
 what the French term 'Fenfees ala?/ibique3S, Thoughts 
 which have paft through the Limbeck j but all Authors 
 do not leave them in the Still, when they are fubtili- 
 fing, till the Spirit is evaporated, as is done here. The 
 Italians are fo much given to this Limbecking, that one 
 of their Writers compos 'd a Treatife, 2)ella dijiilatione 
 del cervello. And among the French, the great Salzac 
 is charg'd with limbecking his Thoughts too much. 
 Our learned Jefuit is of opinion, that it is impofiible 
 to fubtilife in Profe more than he has done. Of a little 
 Wood, that was fomewhat dark, he faid, No more Light 
 enter d into it than "joas neceffary for it not to be Night » 
 Is not this Refinement ? and this too, of another Writer, 
 not much better : " They pafs'd by a great Forreft, the 
 *' Tops of whofe Trees were fo lofty, fo tufted, and fo 
 ** dole, that the Sun at Noon-Day gave no more Light 
 *' than was juft necefliiry to guide them through it." 
 
350 The ARTS of 
 
 Salzac feems fond of this Thought, for he has it iri 
 ftiore Places than one : You read in his Letters, / have 
 no more Life than is 7iccejfary for me not to h^ dead. 
 And again, ^fhe greatejl 1*art of the Women in France 
 loave no more 'Beauty than is neccffary for them not to 
 he u^ly. I have often been of that Opinioti, upon Sio»ht 
 of the handfomefl Trench Women I have met with in 
 England'^ but then I check'd my felf for Partiality to 
 my Country Women, and doubted not but the Trench 
 Ladies had their Share of Beauty. I find the Trench 
 Ladies at ^aris, and thofc at London, ai"e much the 
 fame, juji handfom enough not to be f aid to be Kglyj as 
 Salzac, who frequcnte 1 the Houfcs of the greateft and 
 faireft Ladies in Trance, very freely confcflcs. This 
 Way of turning a Thought wou'd not be difagreeable, 
 if it was manag'd with Difcretion, as Voiture does it in 
 his Letter to Cardinal de la Valet te ; *' The Sun fets 
 " in a blew and gold Cloud, and gives no more Rays 
 *' than are neceflary for a fweet and agreeable Light ". 
 There's nothing llrain'd in that, but in what follows, 
 taken out of a Speech made to Le-zvis XIV. by a Mem- 
 ber of the Trench Academy, there feems to me to be 
 more Subtlety than ^erc Sou hours admits. *' The firft 
 *' Clap of the Thunders with which you are arm'd, 
 *' fell upon a proud City, whofe Pride rtothing could 
 *' humble ; and as haughty as Ihe was, upon her naving 
 *' brav'd the united Efforts of two fimous Captains, 
 *' fhe refilled you no more than was neceflliry for you 
 *' to take her by Storm ". Of what Metal that Monarch's 
 Engines were made when he in Perfon took Tours by 
 Storm, is too well known to be explain'd here. The 
 learned Critick allows, that a Perfon in great Afflif^ion 
 may fay, / have juji as much Reafon as is neceffary to 
 he fenfible of my Misfortune j but it wou'd be Refine- 
 ment were it turn'd thus, I have no more Reafon thatt 
 is neceffary for me to knozv that I have none at alL 
 Salzac fays of a little Man, *' He never grew but 
 *' at his Hair's End : And of himfelf. If the Stone he 
 *' was afraid of was a Diamond, or the Philofbpher's 
 '* Stone, 'twou'd be no Eafe to him in his Diftemper ". 
 That's moil certain, but then the Diftemper has fo lit- 
 tle Relation to the Philofophcr's Stone, or to a Diamond^ 
 that he has over-ftrain'd the Thought. Tere Bouhours 
 informs us, that he's full of the uke Imaginations, and 
 
 refers 
 
L o G I c K and R h e t o r i c k. j'^i 
 
 rtScrs to a Critick on his Work, publifh'd under the 
 Name of -Tbilarchus. His Carbon, or Dr. Grey-'Beard^ 
 is Subtlety all over : Every Thour^lit paflcs through the 
 Stilly and many of them are out of Reafon, and even 
 Probability. His Dcfign is to render Dr. Sarbon ridi- 
 culous, by expofing hmi under the Chara6ter of an ex- 
 travagant Pedant j and he needed not have form'd a 
 Phantom which never was, and never cou'd be accord- 
 ing as he imagines it. The Orator of Cicero^ the Prince 
 of Xenophon^ the Courtier of Cafllglione^ are only Ima- 
 ginary J but the Imagination is taken from Nature. The 
 Orator^ the 'Prince^ the Courtier^ are painted to the 
 liife 5 and the Great Mafters to whom we owe thofe 
 Pidlures, have not gone beyond what's natural in their 
 Charac^lers, though they have not carried Things to 
 Perfection. 
 
 S A LZAC might have painted a perfefl: Pedant, 
 fuch an one as IVycherky fiid of S. Af. A Slock- 
 head ivith Greek and Latin. He might have made 
 him a Fool if he wou'd, by his o\'er-afting the Scholar - 
 but his Picture ihould have been more agreeable to the 
 Idea we have of thofe Vifionaries in Learning. The firlt 
 Strokes of his Portrait, are what exceed Imagination, 
 and are compleatly Subtle. *' As fbon as Sarbon came 
 *' from the College, where he learnt to argue, he began 
 *' with giving the Lye in Form, to his Father and Mo- 
 *' ther, and to contradict them, even when they were 
 *' of his Opinion, for fear he f]:iould be thought to be 
 *' of Theirs". With 'Fere 'Boubotin' Leave, it is only 
 the Father and the Mother here which makes it ex- 
 ceed Imagination : Nothing being more common than 
 this Ibrt of Behaviour in thofe that have learnt the Forms 
 of Argument at the College, and throw themfelves too 
 rafh into the World. " He fmcy'd he fhould, in every 
 *' Thing, keep at a Diftancj from Common Senfe, be- 
 *' caufe nothing fhould be fought after but what is rare. 
 *' The Word Common difgufted hini fo much with that 
 *' of Senfe^ that he refolved from thenceforth to have 
 *' no more to do with it ". I cannot help differing in 
 this from my Original, Fere jBouhours 3 this is as much 
 in the i^(3:/7/£';->'Kind, tho' in a grave Tone, as any Thing 
 Voiture has faid in a gay one : His Objeftion, as to the 
 Perverfenefs of an opinionated Academick, is not un- 
 natural, and there are certain Virtuoji^ who bave a Con- 
 tempt 
 
35^ The ^KT S of 
 
 tempt for Common Senfe, without the Decorations it rt- 
 ceivcj from Science. 'Tis very ftrange fo penetrating 1 
 Critick as our Jefuit, fliould not have obfcrv'd it 5 but 
 he was blinded, perhaps, by his Partiality to his own 
 College-Education, or by his Preference of ^'oiture's 
 Manner to Snlz,^.c's. 
 
 I DARE not judge for the Reader, and therefore muft 
 repeat what he fays for himfelf This is of the Quin- 
 telfcnce of Refinement. A Man of Wit, who thinks na- 
 turally, would have faid, that "Barbon thought no Body 
 had Common Senfe but himfelf, which would have ta- 
 ken it from him in a f^ner Way than by faying, he re- 
 folv'd to have no more to do with it. There is not the 
 Salt, according as I relifh it in this Turn, as there is 
 in Salzac's j and as his Sarbon is a Satyr on Pedantry, 
 the more hiring the better, within the Rules of Truth 
 and Decency. He proceeds with SalzacsTiodior, *' The 
 *' Sick think of nothing, be it ever fo monftrous, the 
 *' Truth of which he does not aCfure them of by Oath : 
 * ' He was going to change his Name and Country, and 
 '< to give out that he was defcended from Arlfiotle in 
 *' a dire8: Linei Which I do not take to be fo fubtle as 
 *' it is filly y nor h the refi much better. He is fo in 
 *' Love with all forts of Antiquity, that he'll never 
 *' wear any new Cloaths. He has the Greafe of the 
 *' laft Age on his Gown 3 and the Dirt of the Days of 
 *' Francis the Firft. He w^ou'd be apt to think he had 
 " chang'd his Sex, if he fhould go after the Fafhion. 
 This may be term'd over-ftraining, but the Ideas are 
 too low, and too common, to deferve the Cenfure of 
 Refinement and Subtlety, Great Men, when they are 
 fond of a Thought, love no more to part with it than 
 others, and it is hardly pofTible to dwell upon it long 
 without ftarving it. "^Pere 'Bouhours owns, that all the 
 Thoughts in Barbon do not fmell fo much as thofe do 
 of the Limbeck j that fome are Natural enough, and not 
 an ill Rcprefentation of thofe Scholars whom Molfere 
 fpeaks of. 
 
 Un Sot fcauant eft Sot> plus qu'un Sot ignorant. 
 
 No Fool fo great as a learned Fool. 
 
 As for Example, "■ Sarbon thinks that k mofl 
 «* beautiful in Science, which is moft incredible, and 
 ** makes no Ufe of his Speech, but to be underitood of 
 
 *' no 
 
Lo G I c K <^;;^ R HE T o rick: 3JJ 
 
 ** no Body : To define him well, we may fay he's a 
 ** Library turn'd up and down, and more in Difordcr, 
 *' than a Man who is running away. He dates his Let- 
 ** ters not by the Days of the Months and Years, but by 
 " the Calends, the Ides^ and the Olympiads : He'd give all 
 " he had for Twr/ze^m's Slippers, -Er/r/wwi'sTelefcope, 
 ** Ramus\ iquare Cap, Ltpfius\ Scrutore, was it pof- 
 " fible for him to find out fuch rare Pieces in the Cabi- 
 ** net of the Vertuofo's who would fell them ". Thus far 
 Salzac keeps within Bounds, hut all the reft of his Sar- 
 bon, accordmg to our Critick, exceeds them 5 and he 
 queftions, whether the Piece will tickle polite People, 
 as the Author promifes himfelf in the Epiftle Dedica- 
 tory. 
 
 Dr. Gurnet of the Chartcr-houfe, in his Anfwer to 
 Warreny has a fhort, but very juft Defcription of a Pe- 
 dant : I'his Wit, it may he, you'll fay ts doivnright 
 .Clownery. T'he Truth is, when I obferv'd the Courfe- 
 ttefs of his Rapartees, and of that fort of Wit wherein 
 he dealt mojl, it often rais'd in my Mind, whether I 
 wou'd or no, the Idea of a Pedant, of one that hadfeen 
 little of the World, and thought himfelf much wittier 
 and wifer than others wou'd take him to be. 
 
 MO LI ERE does not always keep within Veri- 
 fimility in his Comedies : To fay nothing of the ^re- 
 cieufes Ridicules^ nor the Mifanthrope, does not he 
 over-do it in the VAvare, where Harpagon fays, after 
 he is robb'd, 'Zi; done, I can do nothing, I jhall dye, 
 I am dead, I am bury'd ; Is there no Sody that will 
 take me up again, by rejloring rae my Money, or telling 
 me who has it ,' I'll go to the Judge, I'll have all my 
 Houfe rack'd , Maids , Men, Sons, Daughters, and 
 7ne my felf alfo. This Thought is more naturally turn'd 
 by Shadwell in the Mifer^ which he took from Moliere*s 
 VAvare. 
 
 GOLT)INGHAM, " I have loft my Money, my 
 ** Life, my Blood, my Entrails, my Heart, my Vitals ; 
 " I dye, I am dead, I am buried j Will no Body fave 
 ** my Life, and help me to it ? Oh I am mad, what 
 ** fay you, will you ? Hum, alas ! I am mad, there's 
 ** no Body. Oh my Money ! my Soul ! Juftice ! Ju- 
 " ftice ! I will hanj^ all the Town. If Ifabella has a 
 *' Hand in it, I will hang her, I will beg the Help of 
 " Conftables, Beadles, Church- Wardens, Sergeants, Ju- 
 
 A a " fticcs. 
 
3'54 Tbe ARTS of 
 
 •* ftices, Mayor, Aldermen, Gibbet, Gallows, and 
 ** Hangman. I will hang my Son and Daughter if they 
 *♦ be guilty 5 and if I find not my Money, I will hang 
 «' my felf ". "When I came to this Paflage of 'Pere Sou- 
 hourSy it fet me a trembling, to think what wou'd be- 
 come of moil of our taking Co??2sdies, if they were try'd 
 by fuch a Judge as he, and to be condemned for over- 
 doing it. I will not fay the Wildairs^ and ^ixotSy but 
 the FopUngs^ and Foppingtons. This is a String not 
 to be touch'd, after the Town has laid out fo much 
 Money upon them. Mr. Congreve has offended the 
 leaft in this Kind : His Difcretion and Judgment guard- 
 ed againft it. The Hint of the Tlaift-2)ealer, was ta- 
 ken from the Mifi^ntbrope of Moliere ; and the learned 
 Jefuit charges that Comedy with the Fault we are treat- 
 ing of, going beyond Bounds in Sentiments of Delicacy 
 and Wit. If he had feen and underftood the 'Plain- 
 jDealeVy I doubt not but he wou'd have faid it was a 
 little infected by the Mifanthrope. What Moliere fays 
 of the Mifer elfe where, is very natural : "I can fee no 
 •' Body but who gives me Sufpicions, and every one I 
 •' meet, looks like a Robber. I'll hang all the World, 
 *' and if I do not find my Money, I'll hang my felf af- 
 *' tcrwards. Good Heaven, Who can one truft after 
 *' this ? Here comes the Subtlety. One can no more 
 ** fwear for any Thing 5 and I Ihall hereafter think no- 
 *' thing lefs than that I fhall rob my felf". It is very 
 plain this Subtlety generally ends in Nonfenfe : A Man 
 can't rob himfelf, and Grimace is no Excufe for Im- 
 poffibilities. What CI dpate fiys in Epfom-Wells^ is 
 very natural to his Charafter, one that prefers Horfes, 
 Dogs, Ale, and a Commiffion of Peace, to all the refin'd 
 Pleafuj-es of the Town. Oh ixhat pall I do^ Oh mife- 
 Table Man^ Oh my poor dapple Mare^ I love her fo I 
 could go into Mourning for her. Monf. St. EvrcmonP 
 underftood Englip enough to be diverted with that 
 Comedy, which is a Mafter-Piece in Humour, and the 
 Charaftcrs are almoft every where to their Nature. 
 Moliere^ in his Femmes ScavanteSy goes fometimes be- 
 yond it. Philaminte and Armande may rejoice at the 
 Sight of VadiuSy becaufe he underllands Greek j but it 
 is not probable that they fhould turn away their Maid 
 Martine^ becaufe ihe had committed a Fault in Gram- 
 mar, It had been fufficient if they had fcoldcd her for 
 * it. 
 
L o G I c K and R h e t o r i c k. 35^ 
 
 it, as a Maid is chid forufing a Word condemn'd by 
 Vaus^elas ; tho', perhaps, the ^it woii'd not have been 
 fatisty'd fo well, as with the turning her away. Sd 
 Father Souhours tells us of the French 'Pir, and cer- 
 tainly the EngUp Tit is not more judicious. The Au- 
 diences are generally pleas'd mod, with what is molt 
 extravagant : The Rants and Similies in "Tra^eiy^ the 
 Farce and BufFoonry in ComeAy. A Roman Wit com- 
 plain'd of old, that the Audience wanted the 'Bears at 
 the End of his Comedy^ as we have had dancing 1^o?^s^ 
 Ladder 'Dances^ T'ufnbkrSy Harlequins^ Sic. at the End 
 of our Comedies. The Defign of Co?nedyy is to make 
 People laugh ; and as its Pictures are feen at a Diflance, 
 the Figures iliould be larger than the Life, as in the 
 Perfpeftive of Painting and Sculpture 5 but they fhould 
 not be monftrous. JEfopy and the Lord Surgbleyy are 
 reprefented as Hump-hack^ dy but their Fump fhould not 
 rife a Foot or two above their Heads. Having mention- 
 ed that Corporal Satyr, I am tempted to take Notice 
 of the Cruelty, as well as Indecency, turning Bodily 
 Infirmities into Ridicule. I fhou'd have been very 
 much fhock'd at the Mirth which has been thrown a- 
 way on a modern Figure of that Kind, if the Owner of 
 it had not feen an Example himfelf, by making a Jelt 
 not only of fuch Infirmities, which 'tis in no one's Power 
 to prevent, but even of the very Sicknefs which he had 
 himfelf been the Occafion of. Writers of Comedy are 
 very apt to over-do and over-Jirain, in Complacency to 
 the Judgment of their Audience ; of whom the greateft 
 Part could not find out the Jeft, if it was within Na- 
 ture. They muft underftand Delicacy, and the jult 
 Bounds of Wit, to relifla natural Beauties. But they can 
 fee the Jeft of a Muff as big as a Barrel ^ of a Steinkirk^ 
 as large as a Towel j and if Thoughts are ftretch'd in 
 Proportion, they will miftake the Extravagance for Hu- 
 mour, or Wit, or both, and the Writer acquire the Re- 
 putation of an excellent Poet 5 as I knew a Play-wright 
 of Vogue about twenty Years ago, who, however, knew 
 no more of Poetry, than T'orapion the Watch-maker. 
 The Applaufe, and fometimes the Profit that's got by 
 humouring an Audience in their falfe Tafte, has tempt- 
 ed very great Genius's to make a Sacrifice of their Judg- 
 ment. Racine was one of the moft judicious and dif- 
 creet Poets of the laft Age 3 the Sentiments of his yin- 
 A a a dromache 
 
3 5(5 The KKi:S of 
 
 dromache an^ Jfhigenia^ are extremely natural and de- 
 licate, according to ^ere Souhours^ yet in his Comedy 
 of the 'PlaideurSy he does not always keep to Delicacy 
 and Nature : Car il faut pour k peupk des traits bien 
 rnarquez^ l3 qui frappent fortement d'abord. ' Fhe Strokes 
 muft be well mark 'd out to pleafe the People, and muft 
 flrike ftrongly at firft. In other polite \Nritings, which 
 are not intended for the People, fome of whom can bet- 
 ter judge of Sir Ifaac Ne-ivtons Philofophy, than of 
 Father Soubours's Criticifms : All Wit, all Delicacy, 
 muft be Natural, to pleafe good Judges. 'Tis that 
 learned Jefuit's Opinion, Co?n€dy will not pleafe the 
 greateft Part of Spectators, without a little Extrava- 
 gance j and the beft Writers of it have added to the 
 Weaknefs of the Originals, to render their Pifturcs the 
 
 more diftafteful. The Inllances of this Kind in our 
 
 Comick Poets are innumerable. The beft of them 
 have ftudied Humour with great Exaftnefs, but have 
 been too negligent of Nature. In Shad-weWs Comedies, 
 Nature and Humour feem to be happily imitated. In 
 Mr. Congreve\ they very fcldom exceed th<.ir Bounds. 
 In Sir yohft VanbrugPfs, whether he does not or does 
 exceed them, there's an Air and Vivacity in his Plays, 
 which is always diverting and agreeable : But as this is 
 not Qur prefent Subjeft, we muft digrefs no farther. 
 
 PART 
 
L o G I c K and R h e t o r i c k. 357 
 
 PART IV. 
 
 Thoughts ought to he Plain^ Clears 
 and Intelligible. 
 
 SLL Thoughts, in the Works of the 
 Ingenious, ought not only to be True, 
 in Proportion to their Subjcil, to be 
 Noble without Bombaft, Agreeable 
 without AfFeilation, and Delicate with- 
 out Subtlety. They fhould be alfo 
 plain, clear, and intelligible. With- 
 out that, the Sublime and the Marvellous are ridiculous. 
 The fame may be faid of the Jlgreeable^ and the Deli' 
 cate j or rather, they can never be met with, where 
 the Author is not to be underilood. Nothing can be 
 truly pleaflng that is not intelligible, unlefs we will 
 except an Italian Opera to an Audience entirely Eng- 
 lijb. ^uintilian informs us, that Perfpicuity is the 
 principal Part of Eloquence : "Trima ejl Eloquentite 
 Firtus^ ^erfpicuitas. When Cicero commends CraJJui 
 for his right Thinking, it is ftrange he takes no Notice 
 of Plainnefs and Cleamefs 3 without which, all Thoughts 
 are ufelefs and contemptible. He, doubtlefs, would 
 have it taken for granted, that they could not w^nt a 
 Property fo eflential to make them juft and beautiful ; 
 for a Thought is only an Image which the Mind forms 
 in it felf, which Image muft be clearly and plainly rc- 
 prefented, or its lofes its very Eflence, and becomes no 
 A a 3 lrnag« 
 
f^^ Tbe ARTS of 
 
 Image at all. Obfcurity therefore is to be avoided as 
 the greateft Vice in Eloquece 5 and indeed, it will al- 
 ways be found, that the moft eloquent Orators are the 
 moft clear and perfpicuous, as ^uimillan obferv'd of 
 the Antients, 'Pferuraque acciiity itt faciUora fint ai 
 intelUgendtimy ^ luddiora multOy quds a UotUfTimo 
 quoque dlcunrur. The Speftator, N'^. 291. fays, 'There 
 is nor a Greek or T.atin Critick ■■who has not Jhe-xn^ even 
 in the Stile of his Criticifms, that he 'was a Majicr of 
 {ill the Eloquence and l^elicacy of his "Native Tongue. 
 Aiiftotle, 'who ivas the bejl Critick^ ivas alfo one of the 
 heft Logicians that ever appear' d in the World. It is 
 the :ame among the Moderns, and Dr. Tillotfonh^ and 
 Mr. Addifon'sVi orks^ which are the politeft in our Lan- 
 guage ^ are al^ the moft plain and intelligible. There 
 was an FJfay public 'd by no lefs a Man than a £ord 
 Treafurer^ about fifteen Years ago, which treated of 
 Credit 5 and as the Subjedl: concern'd every One's In- 
 tereft, which all Men feem to be very ready and willing 
 to underftand, 'twas unhappy for that Great Author 
 to fall egregioufly into the Vice we are fpeaking of. 
 Credit has neither ^amity nor ^ality^ Wherenefi 
 fior WhennefSy Site or Habit. Again, It is the cjfen- 
 tial Shadcw of fomething that is not j and yet this ad- 
 mirable Politician was fo fenfible 01 the Necefljty of 
 being intelligible in all manner of Writings, that he 
 tells us, it behov'd him to lay down every Thing ex- 
 ceeding plain. This Orator, for his fine Speaking, or 
 much Speaking, got to be Speaker to a moft auguft 
 Aflembly. And one may fee by this Specimen, how 
 lit he was for the Employment. He took upon him 
 cfpecially that of 'ProteHor of the Sritip y^cademy, 
 created for refining and improving our Language, and 
 confer 'd upon him by S--wift the Projector of the ingeni- 
 ous Scheme. I fhiiil not digrefs, if I add here a Pane- 
 j^yrick on that fame Zord Treafurer, which is extreme- 
 ly deficient in Pcrfpicuity ; but if it were intelligible, 
 it would have been one of the beft Poems that ever were 
 written upon him. 
 
 Hail! Sright Affertor of our Frec-horn State^ 
 Active^ t ho' fill ^ like our approaching Fate, 
 Roufmg the Spirit of our Lethargick Iflc^ 
 Zing ring beneath a moft defru6iive Sraile. 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k.^ 35^ 
 
 Eager of Right ^ Britannia un deceived., 
 Yea. glorious Annz's perfe5i JSafe retrieved. 
 
 T H E R e's nothing to be underftood here but what 
 you find out by the Initials, the H.A.R.L. &c. They 
 were written by a Staff Officer in the Army, on a Staff 
 Officer in the State j and are, on that Account, very fit 
 to be made an Example : As is what follows, to Mr. 
 Congreve, before the Old 'Batchehr^ by Mr. Higgens j 
 
 When Dryden, dying, pall the World deceive^ 
 Whom "jve Immortal as his Works believe, 
 
 Tho', perhaps, fome may think this is rather Falfe than 
 Unintelligible. 
 
 Very juft is the Spectator's Obfervation, that Want 
 of ^erfpicuity, generally proceeds from Want of Me- 
 thod both in Thought and Expreffion. Where it arifes 
 from Want of Senfe, 'tis then Dulnefs, and below Cri- 
 ticifm. Some do not know how to methodize their 
 Thoughts, and thefe, the fame Author tells us, have 
 the Difpenfary's barren Superfluity of Words. Others 
 have not Patience to put them in Order, but exprefs 
 them asfaft as they are conceiv'd 5 and their Expreflions 
 will always participate of the Confufion of their Thought, 
 which naturally begets Obfcurity. 
 
 The Antients themfelves are not without their Ob- 
 fcurities ; and Father Souhours owns, few Perfons un- 
 derjlandthem, --without the Help of Interpreters j which, 
 I believe, is true : Tho' I feldom meet with any raw 
 Academicks, who do not pretend to underftand them 
 ^s well as they were underftood when they were writ- 
 ten 5 but one may doubt whether their Pretence is juft, 
 by their almoft always varying in their Interpretations. 
 A Thought may be obfcure of it felf, and their An- 
 tiquity is no Excufe for it -, but if it arifes from Hiflo- 
 rical Circumftances, the Antients are not accountable 
 for our not knowing their Hiftory. They wrote for their 
 own Age, not for ours. They often allude to Things, 
 the Memory of which is loft, and we can know nothing 
 of them. Commentators do fometimes guefs at the 
 Meaning, but for the moft Part make their Author fay 
 what they will. They do, as it were, put him to the 
 Torture as a Criminal, to make himfpeak as they wou'd 
 have him. The Comedies, Satyrs, Epigrams, and all 
 Poems of the Antients, which have Reference to the 
 A a 4 Manners 
 
i6o ne ARTS of 
 
 Manners of the Times, and the Chara6lers of particu- 
 lar Perfons, muil needs be obfcvire in many Places. And 
 how the Commentators explain the Difficulties which 
 arife by it, one may learn by a few Notes on the Satyrs 
 xy^ Juvenal and Terjius^ which I choofe to make ufe of, 
 becaufe they have the leaft Pedantry in them, of any 
 that have been borrow 'd or ftoln by our Tranflators, 
 from the Comments upon their Authors. 
 
 jfuvenal^ Sat. 2. 
 
 Or Syllas' Pupils Syllas' Rules decline. 
 
 The Commentators are not willing to leave us in the 
 Dark upon this PafTage, and the Note is, 
 
 Jfthefe Tupils ivere not Caefar, Pompey, and CrafTusj 
 'They -iverc Auguftus, Anthony, and Lepidus. 
 
 For his Pupils could be no other than a Triumvirate. 
 
 Witkthofe polluted Priefts at I aft- pall joy n. 
 
 The Commentator, from no other Authority than 
 his own Guefs, tells us of what College thofe polluted 
 ^riejis were : A new College to celebrate a Feftival to 
 Minerva the Goddefs of Chaftiry. The Priefts of all 
 the old Colleges were not guilty of any fuch Pollutions, 
 not even thofe of Sacchus. Such Difcoveries as thefe 
 are extremely edifying. 
 
 Sat. 12. 
 T'he fpeeding Slow offome Uncommon Hand. 
 
 This Uncommon Eand^ Grandis Miniftcry is the 
 chief Pontiff, according to fome Interpretations 5 or a 
 fat Journeyman Butcher, according to others j call'd 
 GrandiSy not from his Quality, but his Bulk. Should 
 not we be very much to blame, to charge the Antients 
 with Obfcurity in fuch Matters with which we cannot 
 but be very well acquainted. 
 
 TcrJiuSy Sat. i. 
 
 Should cry up LabeoV Stuffy and cry me down. 
 
 2)RTT)EN r^ys, the Commentators confefs, that 
 this Labeo is no where mention'd, but in this Satyr of 
 tPerJius ; yet Cafaubon has found out that his Name was 
 jitticui LabeOi and that he made a fooUJh Translation 
 
 of 
 
L o G T c K and R h e t o r i c k. 361 
 
 of Homer. His Authority for it, is another Commenta- 
 tor elder than himfelf 5 and by this Means, tho' he is no 
 where elfe mentioned, we know what is meant by La- 
 beo's Stuff. The very Expreflion fufficiently explains 
 the Matter, and that it related to fome wretched Tran- 
 flation, or Undertaking which had been cry'd up, 
 and was foon buried in eternal Oblivion, while ^er- 
 JiuSf it feems, whofe Works are Immortal, wanted very 
 much of the Tranllator's Vogue. 
 
 ^I'is nothing — I can bear 
 l^hat Paltry Scribblers have the 'Publick Ear^ 
 'That this vafi univerfal Fool, the Town, 
 Shou'd cry up Labeo's Stuff, and cry me down, 
 
 'T I s needlefs to repeat more Inftances of fuch kind 
 of Obfcurities and Comments. All modern Writings, 
 Comedy, Satyrs, Epigrams, Dialogues, and the like, 
 which have Allufion to the prefcnt Times and Manners, 
 will be as obfcure to Pofterity, as thofe of Antiquity are 
 to us. Who can read Hudibras now without a Com- 
 ment ? Or indeed, who can comment upon him in 
 fome Places, better than upon 'Perjius ? As in Canto II. 
 
 When 'twas refolv'd by either Houfe, 
 Six Members parrel to efpoufe. 
 
 A N hundred Years hence, a Commentator may objefl 
 againft thefe Six Members, and prove it to be an Error 
 of the Tranfcriber, for Five Members 3 as in Sir John 
 'iDenham, pag. ^3. 
 
 To the Five Members of the Honourable Houfc cf 
 Commons. 
 
 We come in the Rear, to prefent our Follies 
 
 yo Pym, Stroud, Haflerig, Hampden, <^;;iHollis. 
 
 But this Comment falling into the Hands of fome 
 Critick better vers'd in Hiftory, he will obferve, that 
 Sir John Denham refers only to the Members who were 
 of the Houfe of Commons, and were Five only ; but 
 Sutler includes the fixth Member, the Lord Kimbolton, 
 who was call'd up to the Houfe of Lords, during the 
 Life of his Father, the Earl of Manchester . Thefe are 
 Obfcurities which the Writers are not to be blam'd for, 
 and are unavoidable, unlefs Authors would write Anno- 
 tations 
 
3<52 ne ARTS oj 
 
 tations on their Works, and publifti thcra together j a« 
 in this of Sir JohnTienham. 
 
 fDid I for this bring in the Scot ? 
 For ^tis no Secret^ f^ju the (Plot 
 Was Say'5 and mine together j 
 tDid I for this return again^ 
 And fpcnd a Winter there in vain^ 
 Once more f invite them hither ? 
 
 Will not the Commentators be puzzled to find out 
 who this I was ? The Lord Say is named in Hiftory, 
 as one who held Intelligence with the Scots^ when they 
 enter'd England with an Array, in 154.0. But who was 
 this /? Sir John 'Denham does not mention it j yet that 
 future Critick will, after much Study, difcover that it 
 was Mr. Hampden^ by 
 
 2)/i 1 for this return again ? 
 
 Mr. Hampden went to Scotland with King Charles I. 
 after Peace was made with the Scots : And farther it 
 is faid in another Stan^a^ 
 
 'Did I for this your County bring ? 
 
 He was Knight of the Shire for the County of 'Bucks. 
 Will not there be forae Difficulty in thefe two Vcrfes 
 of tDryden\ before Mr. Congreve's double dealer. 
 
 'But no-zv not I, but Tetry is curff. 
 
 For Tom the Second reigns like Tom the Firft. 
 
 The Lines before it are worth repeating, for that they 
 fliew us compleatly what a good Opinion he had of 
 himfelf, as well as of Mr. Congreve. 
 
 Oh that your Srows my Laurel hadfuftain'd^ 
 Well had I been deposed if you had retgn'd j 
 ^he Father had defcended for the Son, 
 For only you are lineal to the T'hrone : 
 I'hus --jchen the State one Edward did depofe^ 
 A greater Edward /;; his Room arofe. 
 'But nonsi not I — 
 
 Which alludes plainly to the 'Poet Laureafs Place, 
 which he loft for Difliffedlion to the Government, and 
 y o»« Shadivell fucceeded him. This was his f'om the 
 Firfi upon whofe Death Nahum I'ate was made Toet 
 JLaureat 5 and there has not been a Tom in that Place 
 
 eveijv 
 
LoGicK ^«^ Rhetor ick: 3(^3 
 
 ever fincc : What will the Commentators do then for 
 this i'om the Second ? Why, if they confult Chamber- 
 lain's ^Prefent State of England^ they will find that 
 John 2)ryden was Hiftoriographer as well as ^oet 5 that 
 Tom Shad-well held both the Places, and 7^o?n Rimsr 
 fucceeded him as Hifioriographer : Thus he became 
 T^om the Second after 2Jryden in one Place, tho' not 
 in both. Thefe Obfcurities will not be fo cafily clcar'd 
 up, when the Trefent State^ the Uifiory of England^ 
 and other Contemporary Hiftories are as much forgotten, 
 as it is to be fear'd they will be an hundred Years hence. 
 ^ere Souhours gives us a like Example out of a famous 
 French Poet, and the Criticifm will be loft if we don't 
 repeat the Original. 'Tis taken out of a Satyr, which 
 kind of Poetry is moft liable to fuch Obfcurity • bccaufe 
 it treats, or Ihould treat of the prefent Manners. The 
 Author is defcribing a Feaft 5 
 
 Sur tout certain hableur a la gueule a affamee, 
 Qui vint a ce feftin conduit par la fumee, 
 Et qui s'eft dit Profes dans I'Ordre dcs Cofteaux, 
 A fait, en bien mangeant, Teloge des morceaux. 
 
 His 'Place a gluttonous, Roi/zancer tooky 
 Invited thither by the Chimney^ sSr/ioak^ 
 Who of the Order of Cofieaux profejly 
 Eat muchy and as he eat, fill prais'd the Feajl. 
 
 I HAVE often thought, fays the French Critick, that 
 the Commentators wou'd be hard put to it, by the Order 
 of the Cofieaux. They will find no fuch Order in Ec- 
 clefiaftical Hiftcry, and will therfore correal: it to the Or- 
 der of Cfficnux, which they do find, not knowing that 
 when the S,iririff- wrote, there was a Club of Hard- 
 Drinkers, who had their Wine from the Vineyards on a cer- 
 tain Hill or Coteau : From whence they were call'd the 
 Order of the Cofteaux. 
 
 P ERE Souhours thinks there are many Correftions 
 of ancient Authors which have no better Foundation than 
 this, with refpedl to the Terms ^ but as to the Thought, 
 he fays, there is not the like Agreement between this A- 
 mendment and the Commentators, there being no man- 
 ner of relation between Men who love nothing but Glut- 
 tony and Toping, and Men that have renounced the 
 World, and are only preparing for Eternity, as he infi- 
 nuates of the Brethren of the OvdiQr oi Cifteauxi 
 
3^4 The kKT S of 
 
 In the Satyr upon Man, Alexander is compar'cl to a 
 Court Fool : 
 
 Ce fbugueux I'Angely, qui de fang altere, 
 IVlaitre du monde entier, s'y trouvoit trop fcrre. 
 
 'That furious I'Angely, -zvbofe T^hirft of Shod 
 Was never quench' d j and -zvbo the iVorUfubdued, 
 Lord of the Whole ^ yet thought himfelf confind. 
 
 \Y E know who that VAnT^ely was, fliys Father 'Bou- 
 bours j and if it becomes obfcure hereafter, the Author 
 is not to be blam'd for it. Angely was a Fool belonging 
 to the Court, brought thither out of Flanders by the 
 Prince of Conde -, and the Poet compares Alexander to 
 him on Account of the IVladnefs or Folly of his Ambi- 
 tion. Such Obfcurities as thcfe are not what Father 
 Soubours means 5 nor fuch as come from an ill ordering 
 of the Words, from double Meaning, or barbarous Ex- 
 preilion. He refers to theObfcurity which is in the very 
 Thought 5 and he compares it to thofc dark Nights, 
 or thick Milts, which hinder all Sight, let a Man have 
 ever fo good Eyes, and let the Objecb be ever fo near. 
 'Tis not very common to find fuch Obfcurity in the 
 "Works of the Ingenious 5 however , there are fome 
 which are not free from it, as particularly a Funeral O- 
 ratlon pronounced at the Obfequies oi' Lezt'is XIII. the 
 French King, in the Holy Chapel at 'Paris, by the 
 Prieft of the Chapel. The King died on Afcenlion Day, 
 and the Preacher took for his Text ^^fcenJit fuper occa- 
 fiim ^ upon which he began his Oration thus : 
 
 " How then, great Son of our Monarchs, are you 
 *' weary in the Midlt of your glorious Race ? are you 
 *' already fetting, and from fo great Height of Glory 
 *' precipitated into an eternal Swoon ? No, no, briglit 
 *' Scar, you rife by being caft down, and your Elevation 
 " ismeafur'd by your Fall. Why, ye Funeral Pomps, do 
 *' you difguifc his Triumphs ?" We mult here infcrt 
 the Original j for theNonlenfe is hardly to be tranflated : 
 Si }?ia Saint e Chapelle eft ardenre, elk n'' eclat era quen 
 feux de joye ; ce fera dans les ividentes demonjlrations oU 
 je reproduirai notre Monarque tout augufte, parce quil 
 a eti tout humble^ 13 hautcment releve dans 'Dieu par 
 une fervitude couronnk, pour n avoir point eti de couron- 
 nes qui ne lui fujfent ajfujeties. *' If my holy Chapel is 
 ** a Fire, the rlace will be only Bonnres : It will be 
 
 *' evident 
 
L o G I c K ancl R h e t o r i c k. 3^5 
 
 " evident Dcmonftrations wherein I fhall again produce 
 *' our Monarch always auguft, bccaufc he wasallJIumi- 
 *' lity, and highly rais'd m God by a crown'd Servitude, 
 *' that there might be no Crown which was not fubje£l- 
 " to him ". The Orator was one of the moft eminent 
 Ecclefiallicks of his Time, yet what can be more un- 
 intelligible ? The French exprefs this kind of Nonfcnfe 
 by the Term 'Phebus 5 in which Figure, if we may 
 fo call it, there muft be an Appearance of Light glim- 
 mering over the Obfcurity, a Semblance of Meaning 
 without any real Senfe 5 whereas in the GaU?natitis^ 
 the Obfcurity is compleat. The Tbebus is fo term'd, 
 from that Appearance of Light, which is very often (b 
 little, that the Thought is fo obfcure as not to be un- 
 derftood 5 and when the Thebiis and the Galimatias 
 come together, there's nothing to be met with but Glim* 
 merings and Darknefles. The Galimatias, in plain 
 Englijb, is Nonfenfe 5 for the 'P/.wb us we have no Term, 
 but we have the Thing in feveral notable Produftions 
 of the Mind, efpecially Speeches, Harangues, and the 
 Flower of Englijh Oratory, Addreflcs to the Throne, 
 where the Orator glitters with flaming Words and Turns 
 without Meaning, or but with very little. Tere Scubouri 
 gives us an Inftance of the mixing the GaVunatias and 
 the 'Phebus, as in the Saying of a Spanijh Panegyrift, 
 'The Sun feems to j'aake his Courje round the Throng of 
 our Kings in making it round the IVbrldy for their 
 Crown is his Zodiack upon Earth. The Author of the 
 Prince Illuflre, abounds with the like Mixture of thefe 
 two Figures : He prefents his Hero with a molt glorious 
 Picture, which, fays he, *' Was never fpread upon Can- 
 " vas, which was made as fbon as defign'd, whofe Co- 
 ** lours were his Sweat temper'd with the Blood of his 
 ** Enemies, whofe Sword was his Pencil, his Courage 
 *' his Painter, his Defires his Defigns, and himfelf his 
 " Original". The Preacher in the before-mentioned 
 Funeral Oration, added. The Man in the King wou^d 
 'xhat he cou'dy the King in the Afan cou'd what he 
 wou'd, and the Strength of the one was the Weaknefs 
 of the other. Here's Nonfenfe with an Appearance of 
 Senfe, which is the Phebus of the French. This Ap- 
 pearance conflfts in a Conftruftion, That as a King, and 
 as a Man, he aded correfpondent to each Quality. 
 Having prais'd that Monarch for being infenfitleoT every 
 I Thing 
 
'^66 "The ARTS of 
 
 Thing which flatters the Senfe, he cries out, " Oh Roy- 
 «* al Abftinence of Pleafures ! Oh Sun born in Abyfles ! 
 *' Oh Plenitude in the Vacuum, Manna in the Deferts ! 
 *' A dry Fleece all over wet, a wet Fleece all over dry : 
 *' A dry Body where Pleafures may bedrown'd : A Bo- 
 ** dy temper'd and imbru'd with the Confolations of a 
 *' rigid Aullerity ! Again^ Go mighty Soul, a Gueft 
 «* worthy of fo rich a Palace. Of Matter as bafe as 
 *< that of Animals, you made one as pure as that of the 
 ** Stars : As it is Unchangeable by your Vigour, it is 
 ** Immortal by your Rewards. And you, ye facred 
 ** Aihes, the Remains of fo chaftc a Torch, Of all the 
 ** Solemnities of thefe Obfequies, I have only for you an 
 *' anticipated Tranflation, which, without flirring from 
 *' the Place, from the Tomb, places you in the Cradle, 
 *' and from the Wcfl^ carries you to the Eaji. I do not 
 *' commit you to the Duft, as we Europeans do ; nor to 
 ** the Waters, as the barbarians ; nor to the Air in % 
 ** Chryital, as the F.gytianSj nor to the Fire, as the 
 *' Komans. I lay you up in the Bofom of Providence, 
 *' which defigns to enclofe the Globe of my Star, and 
 ** the Chariot of his Triumphs, whofe fineft Solemnity 
 *' n-xail be the Device of Le-ivls the Juil. Jfcendit 
 ** Super Occafum. 
 
 ^ ERE ^otihours remarks, that it is hard to tell 
 which prevails moft here, the GalimatiaSy or the 'Pbe- 
 bus 5 for nothing can be more iliining or lefs clear. 
 
 I don't know whether the Reader will place this 
 Thought and Expreffion of Dr. Felton on the Claflicks, 
 to the GalintatiaSy or the ^hebus ; // the Rules had 
 not been givcn^ 'we had been troubled ivith much fe-wer 
 Writers. Which feems to me to include an Obfcurity 
 as well in the Expreffion as the Thought : And fo this of 
 jDryden., in his Poem on Oliver Coi/i-iJceU. 
 
 As if the Confident of Nature f aw 
 How jhe Complexions did divide and brew. 
 
 Whether it was out of Hafteor Negligence, or whatever 
 elfe was the Occafion y hnvDryden is often obfcure in his 
 Tlays and Poems. Thofe two noted Lines in his Hind 
 and \Panthery are of this bad Kind. 
 
 He^s doom'd to 2)eath, tho' fated not to dye. 
 
 Tet there may be an Interpretation which clears it of 
 
 the 
 
L o G I c K and R h e t o r t c k. 3 ^7 
 
 the Obrcurity, notwithftanding the Criticifm of the 
 Lord HalUfnx and Trior, in the Country Moufe. Doom 
 and Fate are not here the fame Thing j Doom is con- 
 demn. A Criminal on whom Sentence is pafs'd, may 
 be faid to have receiv'd his Doom, to be doom'd to 
 Death j but a Reprieve and Pardon proves that he was 
 fated not to dye. The next Line is not fo eafily clear'd 
 of the Obfcure. 
 
 And foUo'ws Fate^ ivhicb does too fafi ptirfue. 
 
 The Galimatias there is very vifible, and I queftion 
 whether what follows in the Tranflation of Homers is 
 not fomewhat a-kin to it. 
 
 Sk--J0 rolls the Chariot o'er the foUoiuingTide, 
 
 The next Verfes are certainly of the fame Species. 
 
 When the G^js pray they both requefi and ^rant. 
 
 Rival Ladies. 
 ' Sofoon o'ercafl with Mfence in the Morn. 
 
 Poets have often run into this Obfcurity for the fake of 
 Meafure or Rhirae. Had it not been for the Mcafure, 
 wou'dthe Tranflator of Homer \i■^ve faid, 
 
 Jf Chance afwellingSrook his "Pajptge /tay^ 
 Eyes the rough Waves. 
 
 The rough Waves of a Brook are either not very in* 
 telligible, or they are very ridiculous. The rough 
 Waves of the River 'Brent hardly deferve to be ey'd by 
 Women and Children j but the Waves of a Brook, which 
 a Boy can leap over, wou'd never have been thought of 
 by the Tranflator, if Sroofchad not been a Monofy liable, 
 and River a DifTyllable ; for tho' 'tis a Brook in the 
 Verfe, 'tis a River in his Note 5 and the rough Waves 
 of a River one has a juft Conception of. The Rhime 
 has done as much Mifchief this Way as the Metre. 
 tDryden would not have faid ^Phalaris* Co-zv, inftead of 
 Sully if it had not been for the Rhime lo-zv : There 
 would be no End of it, fhould one multiply Inftances of 
 this Kind. I ihall only' add one more, a Vcrfe in a 
 Poem of the Lord Hallifax. 
 
 To every Coaji with ready Sails are hurVd. 
 
 Thunder being hurl'd from the Heavens, or Pieces of 
 Rocks down Precipices, Darts and Lances being, hurl'd 
 
 in 
 
368^ The ARTS of 
 
 in Combat w» all underftand'j but as to Ships being 
 hurl'd along the Sea by a fair Wind, is not fo eafily iin- 
 derftood, and muft be made ufc of purely for that 
 it rhim'd to Worli. 1 li ivc already mentioned a Paflage 
 out of Dr. Felt on, the Meaning of which was very much 
 o'ercaft, fo as to be almoft loft in a Cloud 5 and what 
 follows out of Collier s Effays is not at all clearer, The 
 Srain bcis an unprcmifingJfpeEl ; nor is the next Paffage 
 of this much better, If a Man gives me afoivfe "Box on 
 the Eary I may love the Ha fid, tho I don't like the 
 Slo'vc. The Author very frequently darkens his Mean- 
 ing by the AfFeftation : He could neck a ^affion at a 
 Strokey and lay it a-Jleep. Again, Man may a6l an Ex~ 
 cellency for the SatisfaEiion of Significancy. Again, rhe 
 Keennefs and Vigour of a Man's. Senfesfeem to inake them 
 more liable to be difvbliged. Sometimes the Galimatias 
 strifes from the Confufion which is produced by a Huddle 
 oi Metaphors, as in this of Co///Vr 5 Itr.^iybe, ivc pall 
 fift the Gentleman to the 'Bran, and inakc him run the 
 Gantlet befoi'e he gets clear. This Gentleman is firft 
 Meal, then Bran, and then a Foot Soldier j To be al- 
 ri'ays pouring in Oil, is the Way to over-fet the Fla?ney 
 and extinguip the Lamp. If you lay a Country con- 
 ftantly under Jf'ater, you mufifpoil the Soil. This may 
 be plac'd under the fhining Figure Thebus, where 
 Nonfenfe, tho' one of the Spirits of Darknefs, appears, 
 like an Angel of Light ; what follows is Hill more gla- 
 ring, // may he the Failing of Drunkennefs is imper- 
 ceptible in the fingle Injlance, 'tivill rife in the Sum. 
 To go akvays a little out of the Way, 7nakes a firange 
 Mifiake upon the 'Progrefs : A Grain 'will gro^v to a 
 Surthen by Addition j 'To be always dipping an E- 
 ftate, is the Way to turn Seggar : A 1)rop thafs per- 
 petually falling will jnake a Stone give --way. This 
 Thought is fparkling in Appearance, but examin'd, you 
 will find it fo RiU of Turnings and Windings that it 
 becomes a mere Labyrinth. 
 
 CO LLIER's Effays are full of the like Examples 
 of glittering Confufion, or 'Phebus's Figure, which, I 
 doubt not, has been the Admiration of Sophs, Under- 
 Graduates, and Judges of the fanje Rank, from ^lin- 
 tilian*s Time, to Father Souhours. "-they will glean up 
 the heft 'Thoughts. They will draw off the Spirit of an 
 Argument. When the Mine has been worked by fucb 
 Hands. The 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. 3^9 
 
 The Nonfenfc which comes from a Word is not the Sub- 
 ject of the French Jefuits Criricifm^ as this of an ho- 
 nourable Englijb Poet : 
 
 A royal Vejl 'Trince Vortimer had on^ 
 Which from the naked Piils his Father "joon. 
 
 This has occafion'd a great deal of Raillery, though 
 there is not fo much Reafon for it as fome have imagin'd 5 
 but the Thought lay fo open, by the Veft and the Nakedy 
 that a blind Critick muft have ftumbled upon it. The 
 two following Verfes of the fame honourable Poet is a 
 perfeft Galimatias Nonfenfc, without the leaft Ray of 
 Light to gild the Obfcurity : 
 
 Sut Fame had fent forth all her nimble Spies^ 
 'To blaze this Match ^ and lend to Fate fome Eyes, 
 
 The Poets , in their Love-Fits , have produc'd 
 *Phosbus upon 'J^habuSy Nonfenfe that fhines every 
 where, but with the Light of a Glow-Worm, which 
 vanifhes when you come near it : 
 
 'J/ 5 gonCy 
 
 And Bellamira, "jvith eternal Springy 
 
 2)refi in blue Heavens y and breathing vernal Sweets, 
 
 tDropt like a Cherubim. 
 
 Lee'5 Caef. Borg. 
 
 L EEy it may be faid, was mad, and his Brain too 
 much diftemper'd for found Thinking : But what was 
 Shakefpear ? 
 
 Oh give rae Remeo, andy when he pall die, 
 Take himy and cut him out in little Stars 5 
 And he will make the Face of Heav'nfo finey 
 That all the World will grow in love with Night, 
 And pay no Worpip to the gaudy Sun. 
 
 Again, 
 
 Werepe in yonder Sphere y pe'dpinefo bright y 
 The Sirds wou'd Jlngy and think the T>ay were 
 
 (breaking. 
 
 But this Subje6l will not bear Remark 9 the Confli- 
 fion which arifes from Paflion is very intelligible to fuch 
 as have been fenlibfe of it, as 2)ryden obferves : 
 
 B b Jmper'- 
 
376 ne ARTS of 
 
 Imperfe£i Sounds 
 jJttd Nonfenfe pall be Eloquence in Love, 
 
 Sir Harry Sheers^ in a Sonnet he wrote for Southern, 
 joins Softnefs and Nonfenfe very prettily ; 
 
 Her Eyes are Cupid'5 2)arts and Wings^ 
 
 Her Eye-broiios Cupid'i Sow, 
 Her filken Hair the filver Strings. 
 
 And one might fill Volumes with Inftances of this Kind 
 out of our Poets Amorous and Gallant. The Nonfenfe 
 that is occafion'd by the Expreflion only, is not generally 
 fb oblcure as that which is originally in the Thought j as 
 when a fam'd Lord-Keeper faid in his Speech : The Sea 
 is our brazen Wally Rumw. p. 1115. Every one under- 
 ilands the Sea is as good a Fortification to us as a Wall of 
 Brafs. But what did Sir Ed-ward I'urner mean, in 
 that elegant Speech of his, where he faid : jJs the Sun 
 exhales the Vapours from the Earthy and then fends them 
 dozvn in Shoivers of 'Plenty, fa our Obedience and Aff'e- 
 fiion to your Majejiy are return'd upon our Heads in 
 ^eace. I have often feen Fa5iion and Sedition corn- 
 par 'd to Vapours 5 but AffeBion and Obedience are not 
 lure in any Comparifon with the Exhalations from Boggs 
 and Marines 5 though the Speech-making Knight was 
 perhaps more in the Right than he intended j for the 
 fuperlative Loyalty of thofe Times, the Sacrifices made 
 in other Speeches to arbitrary Power, like the AddrefTes 
 of Abhorrence afterwards, and the Oxford Decree, may 
 be faid juftly to be Vapours exhal'd from the Marflies 
 and Boggs 01 Obedience "xithout Referve, of Superftition 
 and Bigotry. Archdeacon Echard is captivated with 
 this Elegance. The Obfcurity in the following Stanza 
 of an Ode on King lllUiar/z is entirely in the Thought ; 
 
 ^he great firfi Mover ivhich revolves the Sky, 
 
 With its ineffable Rapidity, 
 Moves not more Orbs round this terrejlrial Sail, 
 More th'xarting various Motions forces '•jcith its own. 
 Than Spight of different Motives he alone. 
 Can unite Oppofites to follow at his Call. 
 
 The Words glitter 5 but the Thought is a meer Chaos 
 
 I N tranflating Examples out of ^erc Souhours, the 
 
 Reader is not to cxpei^ Senfc, when he is to be taught 
 
 by 
 
L o G I c K md R H E T o R I c k; 37r 
 
 by Nonfenfe. The next Inftance is taken from the Letters 
 of VAbbe de St. Cyraiiy a Writer of great Eminence 
 in his Time, the Minority of ie:wi XI V. " Efteem- 
 " ing every where of great Importance, I do not fay the 
 *' Omiflions, but the leaft Intermiflions of Friend/hip, 
 " whether in Words or Aftions 5 and not being of Opi- 
 *' nion with thofe that think the Contemplatives have 
 " the Advantage of others in the Exercife or the Virtues, 
 " having always lov'd A£lion more than Wora, and 
 " Word more than Meditation, and folitary Converfa- 
 *' tion in Friendfhip, I may fay, however, with Affu- 
 ** ranee, that I have not fail'd on this Occafion, and 
 *' that the Caufe of my Dilatorinefs will be as agreeable 
 " to you as a Letter written with more Diligence 5 the 
 " more for that defiring once for all, to tell you with 
 " Expreffion equal to the Bottom of my Thought, after 
 *' what Manner I pretend to have given my fclf to you, 
 *' I have done contrary to thofe excellent Painters who 
 *' are at the Pains to lower their Imagination, not being 
 " able to raife mine to the Point where my Acknowledge 
 ** ment would lodge it. From hence it is, that in the 
 ** Debate between my Heart and my Underllanding, 
 *' whofe Conceptions do not come up to its Movements, 
 *' I chofe rather to be filent a while, in expe6latiora 
 " of the Afliftance of thofe fine Spirits which help to 
 •* the forming of high Imaginations, than by endeavouring 
 *' to fay fomething, to fay it with Diminution, and to 
 *' the Prejudice of the Fountain of my Paflions, in 
 ** which it is only lawful when they are begot by true 
 ** Love, to have a Sort of Ambition without fear of Re- 
 *' proach." I fhall content my fclf with this Quotation 
 out of Monfieur de S. Cyran. \Pere Souhours has more 
 of this Nonfenfe 5 but we have too much of it of our 
 own Growth to need any Importation from Franc€» 
 When Authors endeavour to fhine every where, they 
 very often run into the Figure 'Phxbus 3 of which otaC 
 may fay as the Poet : 
 
 Like Clouds^ ivjjofe fleecy Skirts are gilt ivith GolS* 
 
 Epiftles Dedicatory are full of thefe gilt Clouds, for 
 which the Patron often parts with his pure Gold. Ser- 
 mons, efpecially from young Declaimers, do fometimes 
 abound with them, as well as publick Speeches, Charges, 
 and the like j the Latter in an efpecial Manner, when 
 B b a tixc 
 
37* 7'be ARTS of 
 
 the Declaimer ventures out of his Road, and is not con- 
 tented with the Form that is fet him. The Opera is of 
 1 Nature not to be fupported without this Figure ; every 
 thing there is Shew, and there is no more need of Senfe 
 than there is of Philofophy. Ot'xay, in his Dedication 
 of the Orphan to the Dutchefs of Torky labours very 
 hard to gather Flowers and Graces for his Garland. 
 ^he ^Defiription of fo rare Virtues as yours ought to be 
 done by as deliberate as skilful a Hand, ^he Features 
 mufir be dra-ucn very fine y to be like j hafly Da-wbing "jcill 
 hutfpoil the 'Pi^fure, and make it Jo unnatural as mujt 
 ivantfalfe Lights to fet it off". If wife Lights are unna- 
 tural, they would be of little Service to fet off what was 
 before out of Nature. To the D\xtchcCs of 'Portf?nouth, 
 before Venice 'Preferv^dy he fays, Tour Grace has given 
 me fo large a 'Theme^ and laid fo very vaji a Founda- 
 tion., that Imagination ivants Stock to build upon it. 
 One would think now that one fhould be digging under 
 Ground almofl to the Center to find out this very vaft 
 Foundation 5 but inllead of that we muft call for a Te- 
 lefcope or a Quadrant to take the Altitude of it. I am 
 as one dumb ivhen I -ivould /peak of /V, and ivhen I 
 firive to 'write I -want a Scale of "Thought to comprehend 
 the Height of it. Again, Tou caWd me from the Rear 
 of Fortune and placed me in the Shine. 
 
 One would have cxpefted that he had been remov'd 
 from the Rear of Fortune to the Front j but it is to the 
 Shine. Notice has been elfewhere taken of the Abfur- 
 dity of Similes in the Height of Paffion, to which very 
 often the Phabus is added, as by Southern^ in his 
 Play call'd the B if appointment : 
 
 Oh may Heaven in Thunder fend 
 
 A general Tar don to the finning Worlds 
 
 That every Heart may feel ischat mine does nozv. 
 
 Besides the fending a Pardon by Thunder, which 
 generally goes on the Errands of Vengeance, he adds a 
 Simile : 
 
 Alphonfo co7}2eSy like Nature's God he ponz'S 
 lu a May Morning thro' the golden Soughs, 
 Croivn'd ivith the rofy beauties of the Spring. 
 
 Here is fomcthing that fhincs and fmiles ; but what 
 it means is no Way communicated to us. Dr. Gurnet 
 
 of 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric kI 375* 
 
 of the Charter -Houfe, in his Anfwer to one Warren^ who 
 excepted againft his 'Theory, quotes a Paffage out of 
 that IVarretty which makes a very exemplary Galima- 
 tias: Hcrmus, Caifter, Menander ^»i Caius, Nile (2«i 
 its Mudy Pifcennius Niger, --jcho contended "joith Septi- 
 mus Verus for the Empire, and reprimanded his Sol- 
 diers for hankering after Wine. Du Val, an ingenious 
 French Writer, and Cleopatra and her admired Antony, 
 have all a fweet Agreement one with another ; and 
 are an admirable Inftance of that reverend Author's Abi- 
 lity to cope with the Mafter of the Charter-Houfe, one 
 of the moll eloquent Writers in any modern Language s 
 The fame excellent Critick and Divine, in his Exception 
 to the Theory, fpeaking of the Great Deep, by which 
 is underftood the Receptacle of the Waters before the 
 Flood, exprefles himfelf thus : 'But though thefe Ca- 
 verns be called Deeps, ive mufi not take them for pro- 
 found 'Places that ivent d(y:vn into the Earth, beloiv the 
 common Surface of it ; on the contrary, they iverefi- 
 tuate above it. Thus he makes the World to ftand 
 upon its Head like a Tumbler ; The Deep is above 
 Ground, and the Surface under it. This is a Galima- 
 tias, rather of Trip than of French Growth ; and we 
 fee that Philofophy is infefted, as well as Poetry and 
 Oratory ; and as plain as Mr. Wan'en's Philofophical 
 Nonfenfe is, he is fo fond of it that he has it over again, 
 and affirms, that by the Tops of the Mountains in Scrip- 
 ture, we muft underftand the !Bott07ns of the Moun- 
 tains. To the Galimatias he joins the Bombaft, in an 
 Harangue in Praife of the Clouds : ♦' Sometimes they 
 ** mount up and fly aJoft, as if they forgat or difdained 
 " the Meannefs of their Origin. Sometimes again they 
 *' fink and ftoop fo low, as if they repented of their for- 
 ** mer proud Alpirings, and did remorfeful humble 
 ** Penance for their high Prefumption. And though I 
 ** may not fay they weep to expiate their Arrogance, 
 *' or kifs the Earth with bedewea Cheeks, in token of 
 *' their Penitence 5 yet they often proftrate in the Dult, 
 ** and fweep the lowelt Grounds of all with their mifty 
 ^' foggy Trains." Dr. >9«;'«pr's Raillery, in his Animad- 
 verfions on this learned Divine's Exceptions, is per- 
 feftly pleafant and fine, and deferves to be iniitajtea by 
 ^\ who have Genius and Occafion. 
 
 B b \ THIS 
 
3 74 The KKT S of 
 
 '7' HIS Harangue about the Clouds and Rains, fays 
 he, Is purfited for fourteen or fifteen 'Pages 5 and "jcith 
 Suhmiffton to better Judgment s, I take it to he a Country 
 Sermon about the Ufeiulnels of Rain. I was drawn 
 into this DigrefTion by his Idea of Country Sermons, and 
 the very great Pertinence obferv'd in the Choice of the 
 Subjefts, it being exadly conformable to my Concep- 
 tions of moft of them j but I durft not have exprefs'd it 
 without a Warrant from one of the greateft Doftors of our 
 Church. Is not this a very happy Expreflion of the fame 
 Author, Warren, as to the Creation of Water, that it 
 hroke out of the Worab of Nothing ? In a celebrated Poem 
 printed about thirty Years ago, were thefe Verfes : 
 
 ^hen 'Time hadfirjt a Name, by firm Decree, 
 j^ppointed Lord of all Futurity y 
 Within ischofe fpacious Wo7nb. 
 
 People were very much furpriz'd at the Womb of Lord 
 Time 5 and it is near akin to the Womb of Nothing 5 
 but the ingenious Author corrected it afterwards : 
 
 Within "ixhofe ample Sofom. 
 
 Such Slips as Womb of Time- ^o not proceed from 
 the Perplexity of the Author's Mind, or the Deficiency 
 of his Underftanding 5 but from Negligence and Over- 
 iight. They are what Horace recommends to the Can- 
 dour of the Reader, when there are Beauties in th« 
 Poem to make amends for them : 
 
 -~- Ubi plura nitent in carmine, non ego paucis, 
 
 OfFendor maculis quas aut incuria fudit 
 Aut humana parum cavit natura. 
 
 Sut in a 'Poem elegantly ivrit, 
 
 J 'will not quarrel ivith a flight Idiftake^ 
 
 Such as our Nature*s Frailty may excufe. 
 
 The Expreflion will very often betray the Ignorance of 
 the Author in the Thought ^ as when the Reverend Mr. 
 Laurence, in the Preface to his Book of Gardening, fays, 
 ^The Subjeti of Philofophy is pretty ; or that Euclid is 
 a very facetious Perfon. How the Prettinefs of Philo- 
 fbphy can be made appear, is no more conceivable than 
 the Philofopher Mr. Warrens Saying of Dr. 'Burnefs 
 "Theory, that his Argument was indirectly, confequen- 
 fi/illyy af'A reduLiively of blafphemous Importance. 
 
 Which 
 
L o G I c K mid Rhetoric K. 37 j 
 
 Which correfponds with his Defcription of the Creation: 
 T^he Etnhqjjings of Mountains, the Enamelling of leffer 
 SeaSy the Open-Work of the vaft Ocean^ and the tret- 
 Work of the Rocks. Where both Thought and Expref- 
 fion bear Relation to the Galimatias and 'Phoebus y 'tis the 
 more inexcufable, for that in philofophical and contro- 
 verfial Matters, Perfpicuity is principally neceflary. It 
 will be feen that I affefl: to take my Examples from 
 Authors who were well efteem'd, both by the Pub- 
 lick and themfelvesj and fo many offer in their Wri- 
 tings, that one might eafily fill a Library with Books 
 upon the Subjefl: No^ifenfe which /hincs, and Nonfenfe 
 wnich does not fhine, Nonfenfe in the Thought, and 
 Nonfenle in the Exprefllon 5 fometimes the one , 
 fometimes the other, and fometimes both together, 
 where the Obfcurity is natural and involuntary, not fuch 
 as PFilmoty Earl of Rochejler's Speech, when he perfo- 
 nated j^lexander Sendoy the High-German Do6lor, or 
 Italian Quack 3 nor the merry Harangue made by 
 Villiers, Duke of Suckingham, to amufe the Houfe of 
 Lords, and give time to increafe a negative Vote againll 
 the Bill for eftablilhing arbitrary Power in King Charles 
 the Second's Rei^n. In the Lord Rochejler's there was 
 a Meaning conceal'd 5 in the Duke of Suckingham^s no 
 Meaning at all j but he gave it a Caft and an Air of 
 Senfe, which had the Effect he intended. 
 
 I AM fatisfy'd the Inftances I could take out of the Ad- 
 drefles which have been made to the Throne in England 
 will be thought too mean, or I might produce much of 
 the Obfcure and Unintelligible in the Zeal and Loyalty 
 of our Countrymen, efpecially in the Reigns of King 
 Charles and King James II. 'Tis very hard that thofe 
 Examples fliould be thought to have too much Mean- 
 nefs in themi when they were drawn up by the moft 
 learned, moll eloquent, and moft able of the Clergy, 
 as will be generally allow'd. Thus in the following De- 
 fcription of the Dilfenting Miniilers : T'hofe canting Pre- 
 tenders to Confcience and \Purityy the charming Croco- 
 diles of a neivB^hely ivho are ravenous Wolves in Sheeps 
 Cloathing. Which was fign'd by a whole County The 
 charming Crocodiles being ravenous Wolves is nothing ; 
 but when the neiv "Babel is added to it, the Confufion i& 
 as great as at the old One, and defer vcs Remark, as com- 
 ing from a Quarter that wanted not the Aififtance of 
 
 B b A both. 
 
37'5 7he AKT S of 
 
 both our Univcrfities : As doth what follows, being an 
 Effeft of the good Scnfc, Divinity, Logick, and Rheto- 
 rick of the Honourable Society of the Inner-Temple : 
 Since the 'Birth of our Saviour nothing of more general 
 benefit hath happen'' d, than the §}i f cover y of this 
 damnable Presbyterian ^lot 5 nor can 'xe hope to make 
 right Ufe of our Saviour's Sirth^ unlefs ixe do from the 
 bottom of our 'Breajls abhor and detejl it, &c. I will 
 mention the Eloquence of but one more Addrefs to the 
 Throne 5 and I am provok'd to it by the Semblance 
 there is between the Abilities of the Orators of the 
 Place in thofe Days and in thefe : 'They "jcould involve 
 ^'our Majejiy's three Kingdoms in a Perpetuity of 
 Slood and miferable Dijira^ions, had not the Jll-feeing 
 *JPo'xer timely deteffed them ; and by a feafonable Sa- 
 crifice, the Fire at Newmarket, led you thence, as did 
 that Cloud and Tillar the Children of Ifrael out of 
 Egypt J other-irife mujl our only Ifaac, the King and the 
 Duke ofTork, have been offered up to the Emulation of 
 execrable Villains, ^c. What a Jeft mull it have been to 
 Foreigners, if any of 'em had underftood our Language, 
 to read thofe fine Orations witli which the State-Papers 
 were cram'd ; and to have an Account how moll gracioully 
 fo much Fuftian ?nd Nonfenfe were received ? They mult 
 have taken them as a Sample of the Englifi Genius, 
 of our Logick and Rhetorick 5 for People generally 
 make Prefents of the very beft they have to their Princes. 
 If I had taken Notice of this when I {poke of Bombaft, 
 I might have very much fwell'd the Bulk of this Book 
 by that Article ; and it would have been made very 
 plain, that fmall Genius's, by afFefting to be florid, 
 become perplex'd. This Perplexity is the Reverie of 
 Perfpicuity ^ and the beft turn'd Periods in the World, 
 without Meaning, are like Confonants without Vowels* 
 Yet I could cite Paflages out of many declamatory and 
 rhetorical Performances, which have paft current as ex- 
 cellent and beautiful, with no more Meaning in them 
 than Marrow in a Skeleton, To defcend to the lower 
 Order of Speakers and Writers, would be to throw our 
 feU-es into a Wood, out of which there is no Paflage. 
 To mean is an Effecl of Thinking j and when we con^ 
 fider how ver^ few People there are who can really 
 think, for if thcv think not juftly they think not at all, 
 wc ii.all no: bcfui^rifed when we meet with Perplexity 
 
L o G I c ic and R h e t o r i c k; '377 
 
 and Nonfcnlc. I have inftanced fcveral PaflTages of this 
 out of French Divines, after ^ere Souhcurs j and how 
 cafy would it be to match them with others of the fame 
 Kind, out of the Works of En9-Jijh Preachers ! Dr. 
 Ecbardy in his Contempt of the Clergy y has feme plea- 
 fant Inftances j as this : Omnipotent Ally thai art Only 
 hecaufe thou art Ally and becaufc thou only art j as for 
 us '-jce are not 5 hecaufe '-xe feem to be, and only feem to 
 he, hecaufe ctr are not. This is Galimatias with aWitnefs. 
 I have mention'd the Flourifliing of a Spanif] Priell on 
 the King of Spain's being the Zodiack of the Earth 5 
 which is not fo bad as the Saying of an En^lip Preacher, 
 that the Mercy of God in lending our Saviour was a 
 Zodiacal Mercy, a Mercy truly Zodiacal ^ for Chrift al- 
 rjoays keeps -zvithin the Tropicks, ** He goes not out of 
 ^' the Pale of the Church 5 but yet he is not always at 
 *' the fame Diflancc from a true Chriftian, fometimes 
 *' he withdraws himfelf into the Apog^um cf CDouht, 
 Sorrow and 'Defpair 5 hut then he comes again into the 
 ^erigeeum of Joyy Content y and Affurance -. 'But as for 
 Heathens and UnbelieverSy they are all Arftick and An- 
 tartick Reprobates, We have in the firll Part obferv'd 
 what was faid by a Spanip Author of St. Xavier and 
 the Sign Cancer in a Poem 5 which, however, is more 
 paflable than the Saying of one of our own Divines in a 
 Sermon, where the Twelve Signs are made fo many 
 Proofs of our Saviour's coming to our Redemption 5 and 
 having paft through Aries, and I'auruSy and Gemini^ 
 confirm'd by feveral Texts of Scripture, he breaks out, 
 What need Ifpeak of Cancer, ivhen the ^Pfalmift fays 
 fo plainly ; What ailed thcCy oh thou Sea, that thou 
 fleddejly though I ordain that thou ivaji driven hack ? 
 And how would fbme Theatrical Orators he able to 
 juftify their Anions in the Pulpit, by the Laws of Ora- 
 tory, and the Praftice of Pagan Orators, had they heard 
 another Reverend Divine advifing his Auditory, That 
 "jchen they are teaching they fjould not move too much ; 
 for that is to he carrfd to and fro "jcitb every Wind of 
 tDo6frine ? What follows, taken out of a Sermon preach'd 
 at St. Alary's in Cambridgey has fomething of the 
 "PhoehuSy but more of the Pun: As God hath DEALT 
 to every Man a Meafure of Faith y Men pould play their 
 CARDS ahove-^oardy that is, avoid all Dijfembffng, 
 pot pocket Cards, hut improve their Gifts and Graces^ 
 ^ ^olh 
 
 iOilCW 
 
37^ The AKT S of 
 
 follow Suit, "jcear the Surplice^ and conform in Ceremo- 
 ities. The Subject and the Simile agree very well. 
 Thefe are 'Phabus^Sy which were produc'd by the 
 Preachers Fondnefs of Metaphors j and there is enough 
 of 'em in Dr. EcbarcTs pleafajit Letter to R. L. In his 
 Dialogue between Pbilautus and 'l'imothy\ he rallies 
 Mr. ilobbcs for filling into a Philofophical Ph(£bui 5 and 
 inftead of fiying in thefe plain Terms, as the Ariftote- 
 lians do, that Scnfe is a Kno-wledge occajion^d by fojne 
 cut-ward things that Colour is the Objeti of the Eye^ 
 /tnd Sou /id the Object of the Ear. He declaims, " All 
 *' Conception proceeds from the A£lion of the Thing 
 •* it felf whereof it is the Conception 5 and when the 
 " Aflion is prefcnt the Conception it produceth is called 
 *' SenfCy and the 'Thing by whofe Aftion the fame is 
 *' produced is called the Obje£l of the Senfe. By 
 *' Sight we have a Conception of Colour, which is all 
 " the Notice and Knowledge the Objeft imparteth to 
 ** us of its Nature by the Eye. And by Hearing we 
 *' have a Conception called Sound, which is all the 
 ** Knowledge wc have of the Quality of the Objefl 
 *' from the Ear." The Abundance of Words here occa- 
 fions the Perplexity 3 and there is nothing more likely 
 to occafion it than fuch an Abundance. Where that 
 great Philofbpher, HobbeSy does not fo abound with 
 Words, his Conceptions are not fb clearly exprefs'd as 
 one would cxpeft in the Writings of a Perfon who de- 
 pended entirely on human Reafon 5 as in this : The 
 j^bfence or DeJlruBion of Things once ir/iagin\iy doth 
 t!ot caufe the Abfence or Dep-uftion of the Imagination 
 it felf . In whicn, if there is any Meaning at all, it 
 i^ no more than this : That though the Palace of White- 
 hall is burnt, it does not hinder my remembring that 
 it once flood there ; Which is extreamly philofophical 
 and edifying. Much of the fame Kind will be found in 
 tbe Doctor's Dialogues, which I chofe to make ufe of 
 on account of the Character of HobbeSy as well abroad 
 as at home. The Earl of MulgravCy afterwards Duke 
 oK'Buckinghamy praifes him for the very Quality which. 
 Dr. Echard thinks him deficient in ; 
 
 Jn other AuthorSy tho^ the Senfe be goody 
 'Tis not fometimes fo casly underjloody 
 
 Tmi: 
 
L o G I c K md R H E T O R I C K. 379 
 
 That Je--wel oft unpoUfi'd has remain'' i^ 
 
 Some Words jhould be left out^ andfome explain^ d^ 
 
 So that in fear ch of Senfe 'xe either fir ay ^ 
 
 Cr elfe grow isceary info rough a Way 5 
 
 Sut here bright Eloquetice does always f-aile^ 
 
 In fuch a choice^ yet unaffeHed Stile ^ 
 
 As does both Knowledge and delight impart y 
 
 The Force of Reafon with the Flow^s of Art ^ 
 
 Clear as a beautiful tranfparent Skin^ 
 
 Which never hides the Slood^ yet holds it in 5 
 
 Like a delicious Stream it ever ran^ 
 
 Asfmooth as Woman and asfirongas Man. 
 
 As thus, in that Philofopher's clear Way : A Man is 
 either by or for himfelf a Man^ call'd a real Man , or 
 he is a Man for another^ call d a fiBitious Man. A- 
 gain, Liberty is Ab fence of all Impediments to ASIions 
 That are not. Again, When two (Parties dif agree about 
 n Matter of Rights it is a Law of Nature that they 
 fbould leave it to the Determination of a Thirds which 
 Third ?/2uJi not be One of the Two. One cannot fay 
 this is ib perplex'd as not to leave Room for us to find 
 out what IS meant by it : But the making a Third out 
 of the two is not furely, 
 
 The Force of Reafon with the FlowVs of Jrt. 
 
 Should we look into the Works of the fmaller Philo- 
 fophers, we fhould find hardly any thing elfe but Gali- 
 matias ; they feem, like the Oracles of old, to make 
 Obfcurity the Excellence of their Axioms : Not that 
 they do it fo much out of Defign to keep their Science 
 a Myftery, as out of the Confufion of Thought and In- 
 fufficiency of Expreflion. Such Obfcurity pafles for 
 Learning with the Ignorant 5 and the lefs People under- 
 ftand ofthefe Authors the more profound they reckon 
 their Knowledge. Thefes^s and Fxercifes are full of 
 the like Galimatias and Tho^bufes, not out of Affeifta- 
 tion fo much as Ignorance ; though to affed Learning 
 and Knowledge above a Man's Capacity, is the fureft 
 Way to be puzled in Thinking j and, confequently, to 
 fall into the Vice which (Pere 'Bouhoiirs is expofing. 
 There are no Writers fo apt to be guilty of this as your 
 Metaphyficians, who fpin their Thread fo very fine that 
 it breaks with the Icaft Touch. Tere Malbrancbe would 
 
 fupply 
 
38o W<? ARTS ^/ 
 
 fupply us with Examples of this Nature 5 but wc have 
 ^ Malbranr.be of our own, Mr. John Norris of Semer- 
 tofty whofe '•PbcEhm'% fhinc out in every Page : As thus, 
 I'he immediate O'jje^s of our Under]} an dings are the di- 
 vine' Ideas, the omniform 'Prefenr,° of God partially ex- 
 hibited. Again, The fimple EJfence of 'fhings is 
 nothing elfe but the divine EJfence it felf confidcfd "jcith 
 his Connotation as varioujly reprefentative of T'hingSy 
 and as varioujly imi table or participahle by them. Reaf. 
 and Rel. No doubt but thofe that admired this Di- 
 vir*c's rational and rhetorical Way of Writing underftoocl 
 this and the like Paflages, as well as the Writer ; but 
 being none of his Favourites, v.'e were not trufted with 
 the Key to them. It muft be own'd there is no great 
 Loft in the Mifs of his Meaning j for where we find it, 
 'ris as that of a Riddle or aniEnigma. Yet this doughty 
 Author muft fet up for an Anfwerer to Mr. Lock\ 
 Ejfay of Humane Understanding 5 tempted to it, per- 
 haps, by the great Reputation which he muft needs ac- 
 <]uire by his Trcatife, call'd, A Murnival cf Knaves^ 
 or JVhiggipn burlefqud cut of Countenance. Which in- 
 ftrufls us, that this Metaphylical Divine, Cafuift, ancj 
 Pocr, had 'Pam in his Hand as often as Pe^-e Mai- 
 branrhe. 
 
 Alaynard wrote on another fuch intelligible Writer iix 
 France : 
 
 Charles, nos plus rarcs efprits 
 Ne fcauroicnt lire tes ecrirs 
 Sans confulrer Muret ou Lipfe. 
 Ton Phebus s'cxplique fi bien, 
 Qiie tes volumes ne font rien 
 Qu'une ercrnelle Apocalypfe. 
 
 Friend Charles, '-jvhen ive thy Writings read\ 
 
 We Lipfius or Muretus need 5 
 
 Cur quir.kejl Heads -zvcu'd be perplexty 
 
 Without a Comment on thy Text : 
 
 Jn "johate^er Page the Reader dips^ 
 
 "T'is aU a meer Jifocalypfe. 
 
 Father 'Bouhonrs tells us the Satyre of Maynard is 
 not juft here 5 for by the Help oi Muretus and Lipfius 
 "WC may underfVand the Authors they comment upon 5 
 ^t car. never undcrfland the Obfcunty and Perplexity 
 
 of 
 
LOGICK ^77^ RhETORICK. 381 
 
 of certain modern Writers, who do not really underftand 
 themfelves what they write, though they think they do, 
 as far as they are capable of Thinking 3 for as Thought 
 mufl be juft and true to be good, it will not be pre- 
 tended that very many arc capable of thinking jultly 
 and truly in ingenious Subjefls. This Obfcuruy and 
 Perplexity are moltly to be met with in thofe elaborate 
 Pieces which the Mailer of the Charter-Houfe calls 
 Country Sermons j and they are the more excufcable 
 there, becaufe the Auditory is generally lefs capable of 
 judging than the Declaimer is of Thinking. Father 
 Souhours obferves, that we fometimes think of Things 
 which we cannot exprefs clearly for want of proper 
 Terms. The Thought is cither above the Exprcffion, 
 or fo mingled and fo delicate, that it is not to be ex- 
 plain'd but impcrfeftly 5 though in the liiana of Monte- 
 Mayor it is faid, when a Perfon knows how to exprefs a 
 Thought well, he does not think fb well as he exprefles 
 it : Q)uien tambien fabe dejir h que fie. it e, ne dez^efen- 
 tillo tambien como h dize. Indeed Terms arc not often 
 wanting for Expreffion when the Thought is of it fe!f 
 clear j and a fure Sign that it wants Clearnefs is its 
 Want of Words. The famous Frencb Bilhop, CamuSy 
 being in Spain when Lopez de l^ega^ the fimous Spa- 
 nijh Poet was living, ask'd him the Meaning of a Sonnet 
 of his 5 Lopez, read it again and again, and then own'd 
 freely he did not underftand it himfelf Upon which 
 ^ere l^oubours remarks, that the Spanijh \Vits are fo 
 apt to be obfcure, that it is not taken notice of by Spa- 
 nijh Readers. If they foar into the Clouds, they are, 
 perhaps, the more admir'd. Several Spanicirdi have 
 confefs'd that they do not underftand their Poet, Gon- 
 gora J and probably he acquir'd the Surname of Mar- 
 vellous, on account of his not being intelligible ; info- 
 much that to fiiy a thing that is very obfcure in Spanijh ^ 
 they have a Proverb, E [euro coma las fcledades de Go/i- 
 gora. Thefe Soledades were two Poems of Gongora\ on 
 Solitude 5 and the Obfcurity in them was greater than 
 that in his other Poems. Gratian^ Author of the Cc?/.'rr/>r, 
 is cenfur'd for the fame Deteft 3 he fometimes affefls 
 to hide himfelf in his Book call'd the Courtier^ tran- 
 fiated into Englijh from the French^ by Mr. Savas^e 5 
 and it muft be a hopeful Tranflation that is taken from 
 a Tranflation of an Original which was not intelligible to 
 
 his 
 
38i The ARTS of 
 
 his own Countrymen, at leaft, in feveral Pkces ; for in 
 fome he is allow'd to be excellent 5 and in thofe the 
 l^ngliffj Tranflator has very often reduced them to the 
 Incomfrehenfibility of the reft which are not comprehen- 
 fible. The French Critick allows, that an Author may 
 excel in fome Paflages, and yet be obfcure in others 5 
 cither by too much Subtlety, or too great Haile and 
 Negligence : But the Obfcurity of Mr. Savages Gratian 
 was fo remarkable, that Don Juan de Laftanofa ac- 
 knowledges he was not clear, and that his Stile was too 
 curtail'd and too enigmatical. 'Tis true his Admirers 
 fay he affe6led it, that his Sentiments and Stile might 
 be the more agreeable to the Sublimity of his Subjeft. 
 That he did not intend to accommodate himfelf to the 
 Vulgar 5 but as Arijtotle chofe to be obfcure to pleafc 
 Alexander^ who would have no Body underftand his 
 Writings but himfelf; fo Gratian was willing to in- 
 ftrucl Men of Quality only, and leave the common 
 People to be inftrufted by fuch as write clearly and in- 
 telligibly, ^intilian fpeaks of fuch a kind of Pedant 
 who taught his Scholars to be obfcure, and often cry'd, 
 Skat's excellent^ I don't underftand one Word of it. 
 This extraordinary Quality was the Merit of Mr. John 
 Norris of Seraerton^ who probably affefted it in his 
 Metaphyfical Poems 3 but in his Controverfy one may 
 fufpe6l that he underftood himfelf no more than his 
 Readers did. I need not enter into Particulars ; one 
 may juftly fay of his Works what Maynard faid of a 
 French Writer's : 
 
 Jn ''xhate'er 'Page the Reader dip, 
 '!7lis all a meer Jlpocalypfe. 
 
 I HAVE before me a vaft Variety of Obfcurity, Unin- 
 tcUigibility, and Contradiflion, in En2:lijh Authors, both 
 in Profe and Verfe. I have mention'd a Paflage or two 
 out of a Tranflation, which I would fiy the I'ranflator 
 thinks as infillible as the 'Pope., if it was not a Jingle on 
 the Name ; and this out of a Tranflation which claims 
 the fame Infallibility, is not more intelligible : 
 
 ■While I neivT^raEls explore 
 
 With flying Sails ^ and coafi along the Shonr. 
 
 Dryd. Georg. 
 
 To 
 
LoGiCK ^;;^ Rhetorick. 383 
 
 To fail into the wide Ocean in Difcovery of ne-zv 
 I'racfs, and to coafi all the while ^loftg the Shoar in 
 Sight of Land^ is of that Sort of Obfcurity which arifcs 
 from Contradiflion j and iDryden's Works are by no 
 Means free from it. I ihall have frequent Occaflon elfe- 
 where to fpeak of the late excellent Verlion of Virgil\ 
 two firft Georgfcks compar'd with "Dry dens j which in the 
 Comparifon appears to be no Tranflation at all 5 and that 
 the Tranflator nad no Conception, in many Places, of 
 the Subjeft, which the Original treated of j efpecially 
 where he puts the Winter Seafon before the Vintage* 
 And what his Meaning is her^ is not eafily come at : 
 
 Xor poisonous j^corite is here produc'dy 
 
 Or groncs unknown y or is ivhen kno\z;n refused. 
 
 And the fame may be faid of many fuch Couplets, 
 as is judicially obferv'a by the learned and elegant Tran- 
 flator of the late Tranilation, who one may fee was 
 Mailer of the Subjeft, and from whom the Lovers of 
 Letters and Poetry hope a Verfion of the other two Geor- 
 gicks 5 and hope, with feme Impatience, that the Ob- 
 fcurities which abound in Bryden^s Tranflation may be 
 expos'd, and thofe dark Places be enlightned by the 
 fame Learning and Judgment which fucceeded fo well 
 in the two Georgicks already publifh'd : 
 
 Sofoon oercafi ivith Abfencc in the Aforn, 
 
 Is an Obfcurity of "Drydens^ which is a Twin to Non- 
 ienfe 5 and many of the lame Kind are to be met with 
 in his Plays and Poems, One cannot but be a little 
 furpriz'd that fuch a loofe Way of thinking Ihould pafs 
 fo currently among the Wits of his Time, ^or the fake of 
 the Language and Verllfication : TheKonfenfe in good 
 Language, Tike a Blockhead in good Cloaths, renders it 
 more apparent and ridiculous. 
 
 To return to 'Pere Souhours : He is very angry with 
 the French Tranflator of Gracian's Courtier, for filling 
 on his Dialogues d' Arific ^ de Eugene 5 wherein .^rijte 
 fays Gracian is obfcure 5 for which the Tranflator 
 rallies the learned Jefuit ^ who, however, has got the 
 Advantage of him in the Controverfy, by a Confeffion 
 of his Antagonift in the Prefice to the Verlion of the 
 Spanifi Book, where he owns, *' That Gracian is ab- 
 ** Itraded, unintelligible, and, confequentlv, not to 
 z ' •* be 
 
384 ^/^^ ARTS of 
 
 ** be tranflated. That all who have read him give him 
 ** this Character j and that a Man of Learning reply'd 
 *' to a Friend, who told him he was about tranflatmg 
 " £1 Oraculo Manual y Arte de ^rudemia 3 The Ma- 
 *' nual Oracle, and the Art of Prudence. 'Z/i a boli 
 " Undertakings Sir, to attempt a Verfion of a Spani/li 
 *' Sook, -which the Spaniards tkemfelves do not under- 
 " Jland" Upon this 'Pere Sotthours charges the Tran- 
 flator with contradicting himfelf, in confefling that 
 Gracian is unintelligible, and not to be tranjlated, at 
 the fame time that he endeavours to ridicule Arifie for 
 faying he was incotnprehenfibk. His Words are : Jf 
 Gracian is incoMprehenJlble ^ and does not underjiand 
 Jji?nfeify ho-zv is it that he has good Senfe, -which the 
 Critick allo-ws ? But ^ere Souhours allows that an 
 Author, who is obfeure in certain Places, may be clear 
 and happy in others 3 which is fo plain, that the Ridi- 
 cule turns all on the French Tranllator of Gracian for 
 objefling againft it. And the Jefuit adds, the Plea- 
 fantry oiit is, that the Tranflator piques himfelf on his 
 Penetration, when he does not himfelf underftand the 
 Author he tranflates. He owns in his Preface before 
 mention'd, That Gracian'i Language is a fort of Cypher ^ 
 hut an intelligent ^Perfon may dechyper it, without the 
 Help of a Conjurer, Though it muft be confefs'd he 
 has more than once left the Cypher {landing in his Ver- 
 fion. The Spanip Author, fpcaking of the Mind, ex- 
 prefTes himfelf thus : Es ejfe el atributo Key j y aiifji 
 qualquier crir/zen contra el, fue de lefa mageftad. The 
 Tranflator decyphers this PafTage thus : Vefprit ejl le 
 Koy des attributs 3 ^ par confequent chaque offenfe qu'on 
 hi fait eji un crif/ie de leze-majefe. <' The Mind is 
 " the King of Attributes 3 and, confequently, every 
 *' Offence againft the Mind is High-Trcafon." Gra- 
 cian and his Tranflator are as hard to be decypher'd as 
 the Hieroglyphicks on Egyptian Monuments. Again, 
 the Author fays, fpeaking of Diffimulation : Sacra- 
 men tar una zioluntad fera foberania. The Tranflator 
 terms it thus : Q^i defa volonte fait faire un Sacrament, 
 efi fouvcrain de foi-meme. " He who knt'ws how to 
 *' malce a Sacrament of his Will is his own Sovereign." 
 This is very fine both in Spanip and French, and the 
 Nonfenfe well drefs'd in both Languages : Yv hat can one 
 piakc of the King of Attributes } What of making a 
 
 Sacrament 
 
L o G I c K and R h e t o n i c k. 38^ 
 
 Sacrament of one's Willy as the French Man renders it. 
 The Spaniard writes, El attributo Rey, which, with the 
 help of a little Conjuring, may be interpreted, 'That 
 the Mind is the fovereign 'Perfe&ion of MaH. And by 
 Sacramentar una voluntary one might imaginehe meant, 
 to conceal the Motions of the Hearty and render it a 
 Myjlery to others^ as is the Eucharifi : But to go fo far 
 out of the Way for fuch a fmall Portion of Senfe, was 
 not worth our while, and much lefs Father Souhotirs j 
 who fays, the Tranflator of Gratian is like Lipjius, 
 who, endeavouring to explain certain dark Paflages of 
 Tacitus, made them ftill darker, and /liew'd the World 
 that he did not very well underftand them himfelf: And 
 the French Tranflator is further like Lipfius, in that he 
 apologizes for the Obfcurity of his Original. They both 
 tell us, that their Author wrote not for the People, but 
 only for Princes, Minifters of State, and Men of Wit ; 
 and that it is not their Fault if they are not underftood, 
 but the Fault of the Readers. However the Mifchief 
 of it is, that neither Princes, Minillers of State, nor 
 Men of Wit can find out the Meaning of the obfcurc 
 Places in "Tacitus and Gratian, any more than other 
 Readers. The Truth is, others are as good Judges, as 
 Princes, Minifters of State, and thofe that are call'd 
 Wits, of what is Senfe, and what is Nonfenfe. And it 
 is the Out-fide only which diftinguifhes them fi-oni 
 the reft of Mankind. Princes, and Minifters of State, 
 have more Opportunities of knowing Men and Affairs, 
 but as to Reafbn and Wit, others have as many ; and if 
 they have more Eafe and Leifure, and the fame Portion 
 of Underftanding, more Opportunities of forming a right 
 Judgment. The Great, it's true, are apt to give thera- 
 felves the Airs which their Flatterers teach them, and 
 to treat the reft of Mankind as if they were as much 
 below them in the Qualities of the Mind, as in thofe of 
 Rank and Fortune. But there's fomething Pleafant in 
 this Imagination, and thofe they defpife do very often 
 perceive the Ridiculum of thofe Airs, which turns upon 
 valuing one's felf on Qualities one has not, by the 
 Merit of thofe that one has. Thefe Reflexions might 
 be carry 'd much further, and probably the Digreffion 
 wou'd be excus'd, had we Room for it. Tjhe French 
 Critick rallies the French Tranflator of Gratian, for his 
 Frenchifying thQ Spanip Terms, when he fpeaks of the 
 C c Kin^, 
 
3S5 The ARTS of 
 
 King, Ze-'jcls the XlYtb. And it muft be own'd the 
 Spaniflj Tongue abounding in Augmentatives, was ad- 
 nnnbly well adapted to the Gull that Monarch had for 
 the groflTcft Flatteries, where the Pancgyrick was fwell'd 
 in Thought and Expreflion, till it were ready to burft. 
 The Tronflator calls him Roy Roy, King King ; ATaiftre 
 Roy, The Mafter King 5 Tbe Grand Tout, The Great 
 All 5 '^I'lie non plus outre de la Royante, The fje plus 
 ultra of Royalty. Thus the Vice Chancellor of A"'^- 
 varre ftil'd him, L'avant-fitiorieux, The Van-Con- 
 queror -y and began his Eulogy A'fa 'Plume en Vair, iviy 
 Fen in the Air j Horner has a Kiiig more a King than 
 others 5 and Marot, A King more a King than ever 
 any that -uvre a Crozvn : And another Poet, ^ King 
 truly a King. But a King King was never heard of 
 before Le'ds the XlYih ; and he might as well have 
 faid, a 'Parrot 'Parrot. In a Word, adds the Jefuit, 
 there are fome Things in Gratian fo dark, fo abftraded, 
 s^nd fo contrary to the Character of the Antients, that 
 *tis not fo agreeable for a Man of a good Tafte to be 
 much delighted with him. The Reflexions in the 
 Manual Oracle are unnatural, and very often chimeri- 
 cal 5 almoft always fo obfcure, that one can make nothing 
 of them, efpecially in the Tranilarion. If fo, in the 
 Frenrh Vcrfion, which was done by a Man of Learning, 
 what "fad Work muft vhe Englijlj Tranlkition be, which 
 was done by a Man who did notpretend to more Learn- 
 ing than the Generality of his Readers, and who, I be- 
 3ieve, was not fenf;ble from the Beginning of the Book to 
 the End, that there was any more Obfcurity in it than he 
 was wont to meet with in other Books which he tranflated, 
 where when the Senfe did not prefcntly reach him, he 
 put in what came Hrft into his Head, which was not fo 
 well ftor'd as to afrbrd fuch Supplies any way equal to 
 his Originals ! 
 
 'T I s ftrange that there fliould be Authors who take 
 a Pride in this Obfcurity, but it is fo true, that ^lin- 
 tilian remembers us of fome of them 5 'Pervajit ]am 
 multos ifia perfuafio, ut id jam demhra clegantcr atque 
 c-:^quifue diftura putent, quod interpret an dura Jit. There 
 are many Writers who fancy they are admir'd for faying 
 Things fo as they may not be underftood, and do not 
 think there's Wit in that which does not want interpret- 
 ing. Such is the Example 'Pere Souhours produces, 
 
 Z'enfer 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k« ^87 
 
 Z'enferejl le centre des damnez commc ks rS'iebres Join le 
 centre de ceux qui fuyenf la lumiere. Ccft-ld ou la luniiere 
 de Dteu les incom?node k moins^ cu ks reprccbes de kur 
 confcknce font raoins vifs^ on kur orguell ejt inoini con- 
 fondu 5 ainji ce kur ejl une efphe de fov.l%gement que de 
 s'y precipitcr. " Hell is the Center of the Damn'd, 
 •' as Darknefs is the Center of thofc that fly the Light, 
 *' There the Light of the Lord incommodes them 
 " lefs, and the Upbraidings of their Confcience are 
 *' not fo piercing, and their Pride is in lefs Confuficn. 
 ** Thus it is a fort of Confolation for them to be flung 
 *' into it". The Divinity of this is fuitable to the 
 Senfe. It was faid by an eminent Author in France , 
 and Father S^.v/rowri may well fiy he does not under- 
 Hand what he means by it, The Light of the Lord, 
 which fhines inwardly on the Damn'd in the midft of 
 Darknefs, makes them more fenfible of the Lofs of 
 God's Prefence 5 and one can't conceive how Hell was 
 made for the Confolation of the Wicked. The fams 
 Author writes elfewhere, " The Soul is born down by 
 *' its own Weight to Defpair. The Center of corrupt 
 *' Nature is Rage and Hell 5 and feparate the Soul from 
 *' ObjetHis, and reduce it to a Condition of thinking on 
 *' nothing but it felf, it will at once fink down into 
 *' Hell ". Thefc Proofs of Things are incomprchenfi- 
 ble : If Defpair, Rage, and Hell are the Center of 
 corrupt Nature, Man could never be at Reft but in De- 
 fpair, in Rage, and in the Torments of the Damn'd ; 
 as a Stone is never at Reft but in its Center : Nor is 
 what follows more comprehenfible 5 To feparate a Soul 
 from ObjedSy and reduce it to a Condition of thinking 
 on nothing but it felf It --vill fink at once do'xn into 
 Hell ^ which borders very much on the Galimatias be- 
 fore fpoken of As does the Thought of an Italian, a- 
 gainft meafuring the Size of the Underftanding by that 
 of the Head, Non fannoy eke la tuente e il centro del 
 Capo : e il centro ?Jon crefce per la grandezza del Cir- 
 colo. The Underftanding is the Center of the Head^ 
 and the Center is not enfreas^d by the Extent of the 
 Circle. We are as well furnirtj'd with Obfcunty in 
 Em^lifh Authors as the French are, and need not have 
 recourfe to Father Scuhours for Examples. I fhall con- 
 tent my felf therefore with one more. Si ks a?ni:iii> 
 des Grands nefe detruifentpas d'ordinaire par ks mhnei 
 
 C c i dt^res 
 
388 Tbe kKliS of 
 
 degrez qu^elks ont ete formies j elks cejfent quelquefoh 
 far un rapport ajjez jujfe de la caufe qut les a fait nattre 
 avec le penchant de ceux qui deviennent inconjlans. 
 *' If the Friendfliips of the Great are not commonly de- 
 *' ftroy'd by the fame Degrees by which they were 
 ** form'd, they fometimes ceafe by a jufl Affinity be- 
 *' tween the Caufe that created them, and the Inclina- 
 ** tion of thofe that become inconftant". This Nonfenfe 
 comes from the greateft and moll famous Philofophers 
 and Hiftorians, and is more excufable in Philofophers 
 than Hiftorians. Arijlotky the Father of Philofophy, 
 is obfcure enough, and fome are apt to think the Se- 
 crets of Nature require a little Myftery 5 but 'tis into- 
 lerable in Hiftorians, according to Tere SoubourSy and 
 Common Senfc j it being extremely pleafant for an Au- 
 thor to pretend to tell Fads, and fpeak fo myfterioufly, 
 that the Reader iliall not know his Meaning. Jlrijlotk 
 is to be admir'd where he is underftood, but where he 
 is unintelligible, he ceafes to deferve our Admiration. 
 Socrates y after having read a Treatifc of Heraclitus's, 
 full of Obfcurities, paft a very handfom Cenfure upon 
 it, faying, he was very fine where he underftood him, 
 and he doubted not he was the fame where he did not 
 underftand him : This was that HeracUtus who bid 
 his Difciples Hide their 'Thoughts and [peak only by 
 JEnigraa^Sy for fear of being underftood by the Vulgar, 
 ^ere Souhours continues. Every Writer, whether Hiftori- 
 an or Philolbphcr, Orator or Poet does not deferve to 
 be read when he is not intelligible, but makes a My- 
 ftery of his Thought. We fhould do by them as by 
 thofc Women who wear Masks in the Streets, or muffle 
 thcmfelves up in their Hoods, let them go by and not 
 fo much as look at them. This regards fuch as affe6t 
 to be myfterious, for a little Myftery contributes, when 
 *tis unaffe6led, to the Delicacy of a Thought, as has 
 been already obferv'd. Such Myftery leaves Room for 
 the Light to enter, and is not like a Mask, or thick 
 Vail, which covers all the Face ; it is as a tranfbarent 
 Gawfe, thro' which one fees and knows the Objed: 
 with Pleafure 5 whereas when a Writer ftudies to be 
 myfterious, and to puzzle his Readers, they will be in 
 the wrong to give themfelves any Trouble about him, 
 forhjis Thoughts will fcldom be a Reward for their Pains. 
 Cojiar is accus'd of Obfcurity, where he fays, Voiturs 
 
 difputoit 
 
L o G I c K and R h e t o r i c k.' 38^ 
 
 difputoit la gloire de bien krire aux illujlres des Nations 
 e'trangefeSt ^ contralgnoit Vkho du 1*arnaJJe en un 
 temps quHl n'eToit plus que plerre^ d'avoir autant de 
 pajjion pour fon rare mmte, qu'il en avoit^ lots quHl 
 etoit nymphe pour la heaute du jeune Narcijfe. *' f^oi- 
 ** Hire difputed the Glory of Writing with the moft 
 ** Illuflrious of Foreign Nations, and compell'd the ' 
 *' Eccho of ^arnajjiis at a Time when he was nothing 
 *' but Stone, to have as great a Paffion for his extraor- 
 *' dinary Merit, as when he was a Nymph, he had for 
 ** the Beauty of young Narcijfe ". The Thought is not 
 clear, to fay no worfe of it, and the Eccho of Parnailus 
 having a 'J^aJJion for Voiturc's Merits though a Stone 
 only^ is as little intelligible 5 as that Eccho not anfit'erln^ 
 the Voke of l^hunder^ teaches uSy that 'xhat the Gods 
 do, cannot he exprejl by Men. A Writer of the laft 
 Reign had this Thought, in praife of Cardinal Rkhlleu, 
 L'kho qui nerepondant point d la voix du '\tonnerre, nous 
 apprcnd que cc que les^ieux font y ne fcauroit ejlre ex- 
 prime par les Hom?/2es. Cojf-ary in a Letter to a 
 Friend, has a Thought which is much prettier, 'There 
 is fomething in your Letter y ivhichy I believe y ■zvou'd be 
 very finey if you and I tmderflood it. " II y a dans 
 *' votre Lettre tine chofe qui feroit, jecrois, fort belles; 
 ** fi nous I'entendions vous & moy. SalzaCy continues 
 he, fpeaking of Virtue's being its own Reward, fays, 
 Za gloire n'ejl pas tant une lumiere krangkre qui vient 
 de dehors aux anions hero'tqueSy quune reflexion de la pro- ■ 
 pre luraiere defes a5fions, ^ un klat qui leu r e(l renvoye 
 par les objets qui Vont receu d'ellss. Here's a great deal 
 of Light, but very little Clearnefs, and there muft not 
 be more Meaning expected in the Tranflation, than in 
 the original French of Salzac ; Glory is not Jo much a 
 Foreign Light 'which proceeds from the otitjide of He- 
 roick A^ionSy as the Reflexion of the proper Light of 
 thofe AtiionSy and a Luflre --johich isfent them back from 
 the Objets that received them. I endeavour to be as 
 literal as pofllble, and muft prefer ve the Nonfenfe as 
 well as the Senfe of 'Pere Souhours's Quotations. Sal- 
 lujl exprefles himfelf with great Perfpicuity, Majorum 
 gloria pojieris quafl lumen efly neque bona eorum, neque 
 raala in occulta patitur. " The Glory of Anceftors is 
 *' as a Light which fhews their DefcendantSj their good 
 "'^ and ba^ Qualities. 
 
 C c ; PoE-y* 
 
390 The ARTS of 
 
 Poets who pretend to fpeak the Language of the 
 Gods, are not always to be underftood by Men, witnefs 
 the following Vcrfes upon Cardinal Ricblieu. 
 
 Jc fcay que les travaux de mille beaux Efprits, 
 Pour t'lmmortalifer ont fait une peinture, 
 Qui montre a I'Univers qi>e ta gloire eft un prix 
 Pcur qui le Ci-il difpute avecquc la Nature. 
 
 I kno.iv the Labour of a T'houfani Iflts, 
 1^0 immorralife '-'/bee have made a 'Pli^ure 
 T'/jat fi£'-j}S the World thy Glory is a Trize 
 jr/jlch Heaven difputes -jcith Nature. 
 
 The Verfes ^ere Souhours quotes out of anHeroick 
 Foeni are much of the fame Value. The Subjc<5t ii» 
 very rich and beautiful Armour. 
 
 L'etoffe & I'artifice y difputoient du prix 5 
 Les diamans melez a^ecque lesrubis 
 S'y montroient a Icur flame, &: vive & mutuelle,' 
 Ou toiijours en amour, ou toujours en querclle. 
 
 I' he Stuff and Art difpute the 'Prize ^ 
 /he Diamonds -ivitb the Rubies mix dy 
 Sbe--x hy their lively and their mutual Flame 
 /hat always they're in Love^ or al-zvays quarrelling. 
 
 Tjs hard to tell which is cleareft, The Trize -ixhich 
 P^aven difputes ivith Nature : Or, the 'Diamonds ?iii%\l 
 liitb Rubies ahvays in Love^ or nl--xays quarrelling. 
 The French Poets have very often fallen into Nonfenlc 
 by Exaggerations in their Flattery. 'SiWl Le-ivis the 
 X-lSfih was not fo delicate in that Affair as to leave the 
 Poets without Reward, tho' the Panegyrick was without 
 Senfc. Fathers Scuhours quotes fome Veifes upon the 
 King's Marriage at the Conclufion of the jPyre/zf .^/; Trea- 
 ty, which are not over clear. 
 
 Le Deftin confentoit que Madrid iut en poudre : 
 Pour complaire a I'lnfante il contredit les Cieux ; 
 Dts mains de Jupiter il arache la foudrc 5 
 £t defarme les Rois, les Peuplcs, & les Dieux. 
 
 /he Fates confent Madrid /j7o«'i be in Dujl, 
 j^nd contradiuS the Skies to pleafe the Infanta j 
 /hey ft: at cb the /bunder from the Hands cf Jove, 
 ^nd Kings, and -Tcople^ and the Gods difarm. 
 
 z Proper 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. 591 
 
 Proper Incenfe this for the Altar of the Grand Zf:t7i ; 
 The Poem begins thus, 
 
 Braves, repofez-vous a lombre des lauriers, 
 
 Le Grand Louis confent que vous prcniez haleinc. 
 
 Srave Soldiers rejl bene.it h the Shade of Laurels, 
 Great Lewis gives you 'Time to breathe. 
 
 The learned Jefuit, as I have obferv'd more than 
 once, takes his Examples of Obfcurities from Authors 
 of great Vogue, as was the Dramatick Poet who wrof; 
 thefe Verfes. 
 
 Ce depart cependant m'arrache un aveu tend re, 
 Et dont mon cceur confus d'un filence difcret, 
 En foupirant tout bas m'avoit fait un fecret. 
 
 ' Tet this Tieparttire for c^ d from me a tender Confcfjioft, 
 And of "jchich my Heart confounded -zvith a difcreet 
 
 (SikncCy 
 Sy Sighing foftly^ 7/iade a Secret to me. 
 
 'J^ERESouhours tells us, that a 'Portuguese Ontor^ 
 in an Hijlorical Difcourfe on the !Birth-7)ay of the mojt 
 fsrene §)ueen of Portugal^ expreft himfelf in this Man- 
 ner j Si un 'Prince fe fie afonfujcty on peut dire qWun 
 cceur fe fie a un autre caiur : mais quand VEpoux fe 
 fie a Jon Epoufcy il ne faut pas dire quh'.n c(£ur fe fie a 
 un autre coeur^ 7'/zais qu'un cceur fe fie a lui-meme. 
 *' When a Prince confides in his Subjects, we may fay 
 ** that one Heart confides in another ; but when a Hus- 
 " band confides in his Wife, we muft not fay one Heart 
 ** confides in another j but that one Heart confides in 
 *' it felf " : Or, the half of a Hearty adds the famous 
 Portuguese Orator, puts Confidence ivith more Safety 
 in the other half of it fslf. A very whimlical Thought, 
 according to Pere Souhours 5 but that of one of the 
 Antients, mention'd by 2)emetrius 'Phalereus^ has ftill 
 more of the W himfy in it : A Centaur rides a Horfe^ 
 hack upon himfelf This out-does The Hearths confiding 
 in it Jclf '^ and one half putting Confidence in another 5 
 and a Heart's fighin^ foftly-t to make a Secret of its 
 ^affion to it felf; which are all very notable Galima- 
 tia's, or in plain Englifij, exquifite Nonfenfe. And 
 even Malherbe^ who is commended for good Senfe and 
 Perfpicuity, lleeps fometimes as well as "Homer ^ i^Pere 
 
 C c 4 Souhcurs 
 
3^2 T&e ARTS of 
 
 Souhoun judges rightly, as in thcfe Verfes of his 0<l« 
 to the Duke de Satkgarde. 
 
 C'eft aux magnanimes exemplcs. 
 Qui fous la baniere de Mars 
 Sent faits au milieu des hazards, 
 Qu'il appartient d'avoir des temples. 
 Et c'eft avecque ces couleurs 
 Que I'hiiloire de nos malheurs 
 Marquera {i bien ta memoire. 
 Que tous les fiecles a venir 
 N'auront point de nuit affez noire 
 Pour en cacher le fouvenir. 
 
 "I'is to thofe magnanimous Examples ^ 
 
 Which under the Sanner of Mars, 
 
 JJre made in the midfi ofPerils^ 
 
 I'hat T'emfles ought to be built. \ 
 
 And "'tis with thefe Colours 
 
 I'hat the Hijlory of our Misfortunes 
 
 Will mark thy Memory fo 'well, 
 
 i'hat in all future Ages 
 
 I'here pall not be Night black enough 
 
 To hide the Remembrance of it. 
 
 What can one make of Examples to 'which T'emples ought 
 to be built ? and "jchich are made in the midfi of 'Perils ? 
 what Colour does the Poet fpeak of? 'tis not eaiily to be 
 c:onceiv'd 5 nor the Meaning of the following Verfe^ 
 by the fame Authoif Malherbe, 
 
 Ce n'eft pas en mes vers qu*une Amante abufee 
 Des appas enchanteurs d'un parjureThefee, 
 Apres I'honneur ravi de fa pudicite, 
 Laiflee ingratement en un bord folitaire. 
 Fait de tous les affauts que la rage peut faire, 
 Une fidelle preuve a I'infidelite. 
 
 IJing not in my Verfe an injured Fairy 
 Setray^d by Theseus' s bewitching Charms ^ 
 Of Honour robb'd, and of her Modefiy^ 
 Abandoned on a folitary Coafi^ 
 Who makes of all the A (faults that Rage can Jnaks 
 A faithful "Proof to Infidelity. 
 
 The Jefuit informs us, that moft Readers thought 
 fhey underftood the two laft Linps becaufe they run 
 
 foioGtl^ly^ 
 
LoGiCK ^«^ Rhetoric kJ 393 
 
 fmoothly, and have an Appearance of Senfe, which the 
 foregoing Verfes do not want. He owns he does not 
 undcrftand Jll the Affaulti that Rage can make j nor 
 Faithful 'Proof to Infidelity. In excufe of the Author, 
 'tis £aid, he was very young when he wrote them 5 and 
 that, as Longinus fays of Homerh old Age, It was the 
 old Age of Horner^ fo one may fay of Malherbe^ Youth, 
 that it was the Touth of Malherbey in whofe Writings 
 if any Slips were made, the Beauties more than atton'd 
 for them 5 but 'Pere Souhours will not admit of any 
 Excufe for Obfcurity. He infifts upon it that no Wri- 
 ting, or Poem is worth any Thing, if it is not clear, at 
 leaft thofe Places where Clearnefs is wanting. A French 
 Sonnet, entitled, VAmrton^ The Abortive Sirth, has 
 fine Thoughts in it, tho' they are not all without fomc 
 Obfcurity. 
 
 Toi qui mcurs avant que de naitre, 
 Aflemblage confus de Tetre & du neant 3 
 
 Trifle avorton, infbrme enfant. 
 
 Rebut du neant & de Tetre 5 
 
 Toi'que I'amour fit par un crime, 
 Et que I'honneur defiiit par un crime a fon tour, 
 
 Funelle ouvragc de I'amour, 
 
 De I'honneur ftinefte viftime. 
 liaifle moi calmer mon ennui 5 
 Et du fond du neant oil tu rentre aujourd'hui, 
 Ne trouble point I'horreur dont ma faute eft fuivie. 
 
 Deux tyrans oppofez ont decide ton fort : 
 L'amour, malgre I'honneur, te fit donner la vie, 
 li'honneur, malgre I'amour, te fait donner la mort. 
 
 ^hou 'Who dyedfi befbre thou wert born^ 
 Confused ConjunEiion ofSeing^ and of Nothing : 
 ^hou poor Abortive Sirth, 'Thou Child unformed, 
 Refufe of Nothing and of Seing 5 
 ^hou that <wert criminally made by Love^ 
 And criminally art unmade by Honour 5 
 
 Love'' s fatal Work^ 
 
 And Honour's fatal ViBim. 
 Ah let me quiet my unquiet Soul^ 
 And from the 2)epth ofNothingy 
 
 To which 'Thou art no--w returning^ 
 Tm^h m the Horror that m^nds my ^au^t : 
 
3P4 Ihe ART S of 
 
 I'zvo oppojite T'yirants have decided thy FatCy 
 Zove^ fpitP of Honour gave thee Life, 
 j4ud Honour, fpite of Love has given thee Death. 
 
 ^ere Souhours informs us, that the firlt Line, 
 
 Toy qui meurs avant que de naitre, 
 
 T'hou 'Who dyedjt before thou "xert barn^ 
 
 has fomething Marvellous as well as Natural in it 5 that 
 tlie Thoughts in the two laft Verfes 
 
 L'amour malgre I'honneur, te fit donner la vie : 
 L'honneur, ni.ilgre ramour, te fait donner la mort. 
 
 are very juft, if not too juft, at leaft in the Playing upon 
 Zove'unA Hwour, Life and Death. 
 
 Love, fpite of Honour gave thee Life, 
 
 And Honour, fpite of Love has given thee Death. 
 
 But the confus'd Conjuniiion of 'Being and Nothing, is 
 not fo clear as one could wi{h, no more than Refufe of 
 Nothing and of 'Being ^ which has been faid to be too 
 ftrong to be clear : Though the learned Jefuit is of 
 Opinion, tliat fuch fort of Strength is a great Vice in 
 Sentiment and Expreffion, and he learnt it from ^lin- 
 tilian. Nam tumidos ^ corruptos ^ tinnulos, & quo- 
 cum'-^ue alio cacozelice genere peccantes, ccrtum habeo 
 mn vitium, fed infirmitatis vitio laborarc ; ut corpora 
 non robore, fed vaktudine inflantur. Minds that are 
 tumid are like fwoln Bodies, and have more WeakneCs 
 than Strength : Tho' their Appearance is Healthy and 
 Thriving, yet in Reality they are Sick and Languifh- 
 ing 5 than which nothing can be more true. 
 
 Mountains and Wilds intractably abrupt^ 
 
 is fwoln like a Dropfy, and waftes away to nothing when it 
 is examin'd. To this Criticifm Father Souhours adds one 
 upon Grammar : The Poet fays tu rcntre, for tu rentres. 
 The .c in rentres was not fo commodious for the Verfe, and 
 the Commodioufncfs of the Vcrfe and Rhime have led 
 our Englip Poets into worfe Faults of Grammar, and 
 fometimes of Senfc. No Man took more Liberty of this 
 Kind than Mr. Dryden, who knew very well how faulty 
 he Vv as in it j but he had no Regard to the Capacity 
 and Judgment of his Readers. He chang'd 'PJoalaris'& 
 'Bull into 'Phalaris's Co:r, for the fake of the Rhimc 
 
L o G I c K and R h e t o r i c k. 395^ 
 
 Xoa', as I have clfewhere obferv'd 5 and as to Gram- 
 mar, he has fet an Example to fucceeding Poets, to 
 change the Perfon, the Number, and the Tenfe, as it 
 ferv'd the Turn beft for the Harmony, and fomctimes for 
 the Length of the Verfe, or for the 'Tag at the End of 
 it, or even for the Initial Letter^ as the //'s in Highy 
 Hecmus^ UiUy\ in ^rydens Tranflation of Virgirs Se- 
 cond Georgicks. 
 
 Or lift me High to Hamus' Hilly Cro-zvn. 
 
 When in Truth Virgil is fpcaking of the Vallies of 
 Hd^mus 5 
 
 -Gelidis in Vallibus Hsmi. 
 
 Te Vales^ ye cooling Groves "johere Hamus reigns. 
 
 as it is much better rendred in the laft Verfion of I'ir- 
 gil's Husbandry, where, and in the excellent Notes, one 
 may fee how eafy it is for the beft Poets to fall into Error 
 thro' Carelefnefs or Hafte : As in the other Line of 
 2)rydens Veriion. 
 
 Or in the Vale of Tempe lay 7ne do-zvn. 
 
 which is not indeed cbfcure, the Senfe being very 
 plain and homely j but there is not a Word in Virgil of 
 "jTef/ipe, or of laying him do-zvn there : And the above 
 learned Tranflator in his EJiiy on the GeorgickSy ob- 
 ferves, nothing can be more wretched than this Veriion 
 of 2)rydens. 
 
 From his lov''d Home no Lucre can him draiVy 
 '■The Senate's raad 'Decrees he never fa-w^ 
 Nor heard at ba-ivling 'Bars corrupted Laiv. 
 
 The Senate had juft decreed Augujlus divine Honours^ 
 and it wou'd have been a wonderful Compliment on the 
 Emperor, if the Decree he had accepted of had been 
 prefenied by Madmen : But 2)ryden here finks his great 
 Original Virgil, into the Char:i6^er of a miferablc Li- 
 beller againll the Liberty of his Country. He fteals 
 from his own vile Refle6lions on the Parliament in fe- 
 veral of his Lampoons, particularly his Abpilora and 
 Jlchftophel, the Medal, the Hind and Panther, &c. 
 and makes the moft judicious, difcreet, and delicate 
 Poet that ever wrote, exprefs himfelf as infolently and 
 Iwwdly as himfelf was wont to do on the like Occafions. 
 
 Father 
 
396 The ARTS of 
 
 Father Soubours in the next Place touches a 
 little on Solecifms, telling us, that a certain French 
 Author, in a very ferious Difcourfe, call'd. Irregular 
 Buildings, Solecij'ins in StonSy and Romances, 'Puppet 
 Sbews in -Paper , an Apophthegm, the White Pepper of 
 tDi^ion, and the Ladies long Train, The Hyperboles 
 of Cloth J Thoughts mean, burlefque, and enigmatical, 
 indeed not worth mentioning, tho' taken out of a Dif- 
 courfe that had its Admirers. Men who conceal their 
 Meaning thus, fliould never write, as Maynari directs, 
 
 Mon ami, chaflc bien loin 
 Cette noire Rhetorique : 
 Tes ouvrages ont befoin 
 D'un devin qui les explique. 
 Si ton efprit veut cacher 
 Les belles chofes qu'il penfe j 
 Di-moi qui peut t'empecher 
 De te fervir du Silence. 
 
 'Prithee^ Friendy lefs have no mor» 
 
 Of this, cloudy Rhctorick, 
 
 ''Thy JVorks require a Conjurer^ 
 
 "I'hcir Meaning to explain ; •' 
 
 If ivhen thou finely thinkefi 
 
 ^Tby Wit ivill bide it frora uSy 
 
 T'ell me --xbat binders, "Thee - 
 
 Fro?n keeping Silence ? 
 
 This Reflection, Gravity is a My fiery of the Sody, 
 invented to hide the TiefeBs of the Mind. " La gravite 
 *' ell un myftere du corps invente pour cacher les defauts 
 ** de I'efprit ", is very delicate, and yet it is not without 
 a little Obfcurity. Myftery of the Body feems to be 
 too myfterious ; The 'Eloquence of the Sody pafles very 
 well, in confidering the Action of the Orator, as the 
 Duke de Rocbefoucault has it. II y a une Eloquence dans 
 les yeua ^ dans Vair de la perfonne qui ne perfuade pas 
 Ttioins que celle de parole. There's an Eloquence in the 
 Eyes and Air of a Perfon, which are as perfuafive as 
 his Words, 
 
 Th E Obfcurity Pere !Bouhours treats of, is frequent- 
 ly occafion'd by the Mind's being itfelf obfcure, and not 
 feeing Things in their proper Light : When its Notions 
 are not clear. Thoughts will not have Clearnefs ; nor 
 will the Words be more dear. Obfcurity may arife from 
 
LoGicK (T?^^ Rhetor TCK. 397 
 
 a Thought's being far fetch'd, or from the Ufc of a Me- 
 taphor or Comparifon that has no Relation to it. The 
 Sokcifms in Stone arc obfcure, for that there is a very 
 great Diftance between a Solccifm and a "Building. 
 
 Several Metaphors hcap'd one upon another, have 
 alfo a very ill Effeft j and what Q^iintilian faid of Dif- 
 courfe, may be faid of Thought. Ut ?noclicus at que op- 
 fortunui tranjlationis ufus illujlrat orationem j ita fre- 
 quens obfcurat, continuus vero in allegcriam i^ cnigmn. 
 exit. As a Metaphor renders a Difcourfe clear when 'tis 
 us'd a propOS, u) it obfcures it when 'tis too frequent, 
 and becomes an J?w^;;^<^ if continually repeated. The 
 Reafon of it is, that fo many Foreign Images being 
 mingled together, caufe Confufion in the Mind of the 
 Reader or Hearer. Two Metaphors that are not in the 
 fame Kind being joyn'd, leffens fomething of the Clcar- 
 nefs of Thought. There was a learned Lady in 
 France, who, endeavouring to explain what 7"<;7/?e T'ajfe, 
 is in Wit, defin'd it thus 5 Za gcilt ejt une bar- , 
 monie^ un acori Ae Vefprit ly de la raifon. " Taileis 
 ** a Harmony, or an Agreement of Wit and Reafon". 
 W'hich tho' very delicately thought, in ^Pere 'Bouhours^s 
 Opinion, and tho' both true and folid in the main, yet 
 it does not at firft feera to be very clear 5 and the little 
 "Obfcurity that's in it, comes from the Huddle of two Me- 
 taphors : Harmony is a Metaphor, as well as l^afte ^ and 
 the Two are of a different Kind : How little is this 
 Delicacy underftood by EngUJJj Writers and Readei-s ? 
 The heaping or huddling of Metaphors, is generally ta- 
 ken for the Beauty of Amplification. When thev come 
 from Preachers or publick Orators, they are reckon'd ex- 
 tremely fine ^ ana I queftion whether there are three 
 Criticks in England that wou'd be fliock'd at them. 
 Collier was entirely ignorant of this Dcfeft in Thought 
 and Expreffion : He feems to value himfelf upon the 
 Art of ftringing ]\^etapbors, as Sivan did 'Tuns. Hii 
 EJj'ays are cramm'd with them, and yet thofe very 
 EfTays are the Admiration of Acadcmicks, Gentleme;:, 
 Ladies, and others that think like them. Let us rua 
 over a String or two 5 To be akvays pouring in Oily is the 
 Way to overfet the Flame, and extinguip the Lamp. If 
 you lay a Country conflantly under JVatery you muft fpc'il 
 the Soil. I fancy -zi-e jhall fsft the Gentleman to the Sran, 
 4ind make him run the Gantlet before he gets clear. They 
 
 wiU 
 
398 The ARTS of 
 
 will glean up the hejl Thoughts 5 They -zvill clra:v off 
 the Spirit of the jJrgumenty ■■when the Mine is --xork'd 
 hy fucb Hands. A Grain ivill gro-zv to a Surthen by 
 jiddition. To be akvays dipping an JSJiate, is the Way 
 to turn 'Beggar. A jDrop that's perpetually pelting^ 
 *xill make a Stone give 'xay. There's no End of this 
 Huddle in his Eflays : Here arc Oil and Flame^ Water 
 and Earthy in one jfhort Sentence, doing the f^me Bu- 
 finefs. In another, 'Brain and Gantlet 5 in a Third, 
 the Gleaner^ the T)ifliller^ and the Miner all at work 
 together ; and a Volume might be written on Collier's 
 Faults of this Kind, which, however, have never had 
 the leail Notice taken of them. There is an Inftance 
 in him of Thoughts being obfcure by th« Obfcurity of 
 the Mind, and the firft Conception of it, and the Ex- 
 preffion cannot but be infected by it 5 To a6l an Excel- 
 lency for the Satisfa^ion of Significancy. A Man's 
 Head mull be clearer than the Author's was, to make 
 any thing of the Thought and Expreffion, more than that 
 it is the Quinteffcncc of Affectation 5 How did that 
 "Writer conceive this Sentiment, A 'Prince made but a 
 lean Figure in Co?nparifon -zvith an Epijfky EfTay on 
 Theft ? 'Tis the very Image of Prince 'Prettyman and 
 the Spanip Fryar, and falls naturally into Burlefcjue by 
 the Quaintnefs of the Expreffion, as well as the Extra- 
 vagance of Thought. CcUier\ Stile is extremely vici- 
 ous, by his affecting to heap Metaphors one upon another, 
 and to think and fpeak out of the common Road. If 
 wou'd be cafy to produce many Inltanccs of Obfcurity 
 out of the Lord Shaft sbury\ fine Chara :crifirks, and 
 they are the more obfcure, the more they wander from 
 the Path that has been trodden 5 but there arc fo many 
 beautiful, as well .is uncommon Thoughts in them, that 
 it were ungenerous to diflinguifh the Places that arc not 
 e<]ually cnlighten'd. The Author of the Religion of 
 Nature delineated^ is not free from Obfcurity, and he 
 falls into it, by endeavouring always to ftrikc out fomc- 
 thing new 5 and it is not very ftrange, that Travellers, 
 who avoid the beaten Track, ihould lofe their Way. 
 
 The next Paflage in 'Fere Bouhours, is another Defini- 
 tion of Tajle. Le gcut, dit VAuteur de la J.etrre, eft un 
 fentiment naturel qui tient a rame, ^ qui ef independant 
 de toutes les fciences qu'on peut acquirir ; Le goiit n'pjl 
 autre chofe qWun certain rapport qui fe trouve enrre 
 
 VefpriP 
 
LoGiCK ^;/^ Rhe TO Ri CK. 399 
 
 Vefp'it ^ les objets qu'on lui prefcnte 5 enfin k bon ^Ont 
 eft le premier mowoement^ ou pour ainfi dire, tin ejpke 
 d''injtin6i de la droits raifon qui fentraine avec rapidirfy 
 ^ qui la conduit plus ftirement que tous les raifonnemr.nts 
 *' qu''elle pouroit faire. Tlz/?^ is anarural Sentiment of the 
 ♦♦ Soul, independant of all Sciences that may be acquir'd. 
 *' inr/?e is nothing elfe but a certain Agreement between 
 ** the Underftanding and the Objcfts that arc prefentcd 
 *' to it. In fine, 'Tafte is the firlt Motion, or if we may 
 *' fo fay, a kind of Inftindt of right Reafon, vHiich draws 
 *' it with Rapidity after it, and condufts it more furely 
 *' than all the Reafoning which Reafon can make". 
 The learned Jefuit takes this Defcription to be juft and 
 fine, and explains to us the Meaning of the Duke d9 
 Rocbefoucauky in his Moral Reflections. 'T'ajfe comes 
 ?mtc fro7n Judgment than IVit : " Le bon goiit vicnt 
 *' plus du jugement que I'efprit ". The fame noble 
 Author fiiys, ^<and nojfre 7nerite baijje, notrc goiit 
 baijje aujfi. " When our Merit finks, our Tafle finks 
 *' alfo " J which is not fo clear as it ihould be, tho' ic 
 has pafs'd currently as a Thought extremely delicate, 
 and the Difficulty in it, is the Author's curtailing the 
 Senfe in the Expreffion as well as Sentiment. Brevity 
 is apt to run into Obfcurity, according to Horace, I aim 
 to be jlwrty and I become obfcure. "Fere Souhours in- 
 forms us, that 'Viriteis Jir angle and Jlifie their Thoughts, 
 by binding them too clofe together 5 tor Thoughts that 
 are pent up and want Room, become perplcx'd and con- 
 fus'd J and may be compar'd to a Ma^, where Rivers, 
 Hills, Cities and Towns are plac'd lo thick together, 
 that there is not Room for them to ftand in. 
 jTbucydides had no greater Fault than affedl- Srevity, 
 ed Brevity, which if vicious, in Writing, is 
 much more fo in Hiftory : And this Fault is what we 
 cannot charge the Hiflory of the Rebellion with, nor 
 Ecbard's Hiflories, where there's Room enough for ten 
 times the Number of Fa6ts, when the Superfluity of 
 Words is taken away. Cir.ero accus'd 'Thucydides of too 
 much Concifenefs, and that his Brevity renders him 
 fomewhat obfcure, to which his fubtilizing not a little 
 contributes : Horum concif£ fententi<e, interdum etiam 
 non fatis apertds cum bremtate, turn nimlo acumine. Our 
 £.ngUp Hiitorians do not deferve Cenfurc fo much for 
 being fhort, as for being tedious 3 and the Tranllator 
 
 of 
 
40O i:he ARTS of 
 
 oi^ Tacitus mud have had a very hard Task of it, if what 
 'Pere Soubours fays is true : Tacite ejl ohfcur^ parce qu'il 
 ramajfe fouvent fa pen fee en Ji peu de mots, qii'a peine 
 peut-on aeviner ce quHl veut dire. " The Caufe of "ta- 
 ** f/V«5's Obfcurity, is his collecting his Thoughts to- 
 " gether in fo few Words, that one can hardly guefs 
 " at his Meaning". Mortal Man, who cannot, like 
 Angels, be communicative without Words, fhould not 
 be fparing of them, on Pretence of rendring a Sentiment 
 the ftronger ; for we fhall, by fo doing, run great Dan- 
 ger of becoming obfcure 5 a Fault laid to the Charge 
 o£ Sallufty by Seneca and ^uintilian. The former fays, 
 Sallujl in his Time pafs'd off curtail'd and obfcure 
 Thoughts. Salluftio vigente^ amfutatds fententi<e^ ^ 
 ohfcuraveritas fuere pro cuhii. And ^tntiiiany That 
 Salluft's Srevity is to be avoided^ he affeHinga concife 
 and broken --way of Writing. Vitanda ilia Sallujiiana 
 hrevitas^ ^ abruptum ferraonis genus. Yet how often 
 do we hear this Salluft cry'd up by modern Criticks, as 
 more Eloquent even than Cicero. Tis certain. Brevity, 
 when there's nothing wanting in Scnfe and Expreflion, 
 is very laudable 5 as the contrary is fo abfurd and ridi- 
 culous, that Sutler could not help rallying it in his 
 Hudibras. 
 
 For Srevity is very good, 
 
 Jf ^tis or 'tis not undcrftcod. 
 And I often fufpeft when I hear a Man declaiming in 
 praife of Brevity, that he cither wants Words, or knows 
 not how to ufe them well. Sallujt is generally a Pattern 
 to all Writers for Brevity, when he is not too fparing of 
 his Words, when he makes ufe of enough, for he has 
 never more than enough ; and ^uintilian fpeaks in his 
 Praife, EJl pulcherrima brevitas, c»m plura paucis com- 
 ple5fimurr quale illud Sallujlii ejl, Alithridates corpore 
 ingenti perinde armatus : hoc male imit antes fequitur 
 abfcuritas. Where Sallufi fiys, Methridates ivas arm'd 
 'with his huge Sulk : ^uintilian terms it a 7noJi beau- 
 tiful Sremtyy which if til imitated, as it is very likely 
 to be by modern Imitators, ivill lead Writers into Ob- 
 fcurity. 
 
 TASSO was no ill Imitator of Salluft in this Verfe. 
 
 E di fine armi, e di fe fteflb armato. 
 
 Jlrm'd iicith himfelf as ivell as 'with his Shield. 
 
 3. Which 
 
t O G I C K and RHETOHlCKi 40X 
 
 "Which he certainly took from Salhfly and is mcfl happi- 
 ly imitated or ftolen, fince ^Pere Bouhours will have it 
 fo : But then he acknowledges that the Moderns have 
 ftolen from T'cijp)^ more than the Latter ftole from the 
 Antientsj and he mentions this Paflage, fpeaking of the 
 River ^o's Rapidity at its Mouth, and its throwing it 
 felf into the Sea with Violence, as if it wou'd wage War 
 with the Sea, and not pay its Tribute, 
 
 E pare 
 
 Che guerra portly e non tributo al mare. 
 
 A French Poet has the fame Thought on another kivet^ 
 
 -—. Le Tigre ecumeux & bruyant 
 
 Se pourfuivant toujours, & toujours fe fuyantj 
 De fa fbugeufe courfe etonne Ion rivage, 
 Et porte pour tribut a la mer un orage, 
 
 ^he foamy Tygre roaring as he roUs^ 
 Turfuingftill him felf and, flying filly 
 With his rough Waves aftonijhes his Sanks^ 
 And for a Tribute bear the Sea a Storm. 
 
 The Theft is vifible, and all the Difference between! 
 the Italian Poet and the French^ is, that l^aff/i 
 Thought is much more juft than the French Poet's ; 
 For 'Tribute and War have fome Agreement, or rathbr 
 fome Oppofition, and the Senfe of Taffo is fine. A ra- 
 pid River is an Enemy that carries War to the Sea, and 
 not a Subject that brings Tribute 5 whereas there is no 
 Agreement between Storm and Tribute. This Tribute 
 is Metaphorical, and in the Stile of Metaphor, what 
 Tribute fome may fay agrees better with the Sea than a 
 Storm ? But War being often made to compel the paying 
 Tribute, the Thought looks clearer in the Italiari 
 than in the French. 
 
 Le pourfuivant toujoiirs, 6c toujoiirs fe fuyantj 
 
 is ftolen, but inverted by Dean Sprat ^ late Bifhop of Rq- 
 chefer^ in fome juvenile Verfes of his on his Miftrefs j 
 
 S-zveet Stream that dof ivith equal 'Tace, 
 Soth thy felf fly J and thy felf chace. 
 
 After all, continues Father SouhourSy to fay much in lif- 
 tie, and many Things in few Words, is one of the great- 
 ift ExCelleiWies iii Writing, if the Author makes him- 
 
402 Tl}e ARTS of 
 
 felf intelligible, which is the main Difficulty j and the 
 chief Secret is to manage it, that the Clearneft of u 
 Thought may not lofe the Force of it, nor the Force 
 the Clearncfs: However there are certain Writers whofe 
 Ideas are foconfus'd, that tho' they are notfhort, they are 
 ftill obfcurc. The Senfe is loft in a Crowd of Words, 
 and a Man w-ho fiiys too much, is often as little undcr- 
 flood, as he who does not fay enough. 
 
 A Thought that has two Faces is never clear ; we can't- 
 tell in what Senfe to take it, and are in doubt whether 
 'tis true or falfe. 'J'acitus has many fuch Thoughts as 
 thefe J and that wherein he touches on the Chriftians 
 fetting Fire to Rome^ is of the fame Kind, Hand perinde 
 in crimine incendii quUm odio generis huraani convict 
 funt. *' They were no lefs convicted of the Burning 
 " the City, than of the Hatred of Mankind ". One 
 cannot tell here, according to ^cre Soubours^ whether 
 he means the Hatred the Chriftians bore to Mankind, or 
 the Hatred that Mankind bore the Chriftians. The 
 Fact in this Cafe took off the Equivocal in the Expref- 
 fion, it being very well known "Mankind hated the Chri- 
 ftians for the Singularity of their Religion and Manners 5 
 and it was as well known, that the Chriftians did not 
 hate Mankind 3 but it may be taken either way as J'a- 
 cltus exprefifes it. The End of Martial's Epigram on 
 the Death of Cicero and 'PompcVy contains a doubtful 
 Thought 3 the Senfe of which is not prefently deter- 
 niin'd, nor the Truth nor Falfhood of it. 
 
 Antoni tamen eft pcjor quam caufa Photini, 
 Hie facinus domino prarftitit, ille fibi. 
 Anthony 'i Crir/ie was ■■xorfe than r/:?^? 0/ Photinu% 
 Photinus -zvas a Rogue tofervc his Majier, 
 Silt Anthony to ferve himfelf. 
 
 MartiaVs Decifion of this Cafe has cmbarrafs'd the 
 Thought 3 for he who is a Rogue for his Mafter, com- 
 mits, perhaps, a greater Crime than he who is a Rogue 
 for himfelf: Thofe who are Criminal to ferve their own 
 Intercft, are hurry'd on by Self-Love and other violent 
 Paffions, which leffen the Heinoufnefs of the Crime ; 
 whereas thofc who are Criminal to ferve the Paflions of 
 •nother Perfon, are more deliberately {b^ and confequent- 
 ly more malicious. And thus the Propofition in the 
 Point of the Epigram is not clear. 
 
 Thoughts 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. 403 
 
 Thoughts are alfo obfcure when they are maim'd, 
 and the Senfe is not compleat 5 and when they are mon- 
 itrous, and have fomethmg in them which at onCe mag- 
 nifiesand deforms them : They are then like imperfect or 
 mutilated Statues, which give but a confus'd, or, perhaps, 
 no Idea of the Things they reprefent. Father iJoz/^owr^ 
 takes the Liberty to charge T'ertuUiany one of the famous 
 Fathers of the Church, with Obfcurity 5 which, if he 
 had not been fo great a Bigot, he might have term'd 
 Nonfenfe. Mortuus efi 'Dei Filius : credibik eft, quia 
 inept um efi j ^ fepultuSy refurrexit : cenumefi, quia im- 
 fofjibik efi. 'Tis in his Treatife "De Came Chrtfii ^ Of 
 Chrift's Flefh : And is faid to prove the Truth of the 
 Chriftian Myfteries 9 but furely the learned Heathen 
 muft be very much fcandaliz'd at fuch Proof: 'I'be Sort of 
 God is dead: ^"Tis credible , becaufe 'tis foolifij : He -zvas 
 buried, and is rifen : 'Tis certain, becaufe 'tis impofTible, 
 This Thought and Expreflion is monftrous and informous, 
 and at Sight appears falfe, extravagant, and inconceiv- 
 able. The French Jefuit tells us, to explain Tertullian^ 
 that the Son of God being the Eflfeft of infinite Charity, 
 and not within the Rules of human Prudence, which 
 counts it foolifh to facrifice the Innocent for the Guilty, 
 nothing renders this Myftery more worthy of our Faith, 
 than that it is fo little accommodated to human Reafon. 
 Again, The Refurre^tion exceeds all the Strength of 
 Nature, and could only be the Work of divine Power ; 
 That 'tis certain this God-Man took upon himfelf a new 
 Life, becaufe it was impoflible to rife naturally. But 
 he owns thefe Thoughts do not fay what the Author 
 wou'd have faid, or fay it fo obfcurely that they are 
 not to be underftood without a great deal of Reflexion. 
 In fine, fuch Thoughts as thefe are fo hollow and deep, 
 that they may be compar'd to Aby fifes, whofe Depth, 
 makes one giddy to look into them, as Cicero teaches j 
 'Prtfceps qU(£dam, ^ cum idcirco obfcura, quia feracutay 
 cum rapida ^ cekritate Coscata oratio. Gombaud has 
 Iiit the Chara6ler of fuch Thinkers in thefe Verfes on a 
 certain Poet. 
 
 Ta Mufe en chimeres feconde, 
 Et fort confufe en fes propos, 
 Penfant reprefenter le monde, 
 A reprefente le cahos. 
 
 D d a Ithy 
 
404 The KKTS of 
 
 Thy Mufe abounding in ChimercCs^ 
 Ani in her Flight entangled^ 
 Thinking to reprefent the World 
 The Chaos has reprefented. 
 
 Father Souhours then cenfurcs a French Author, 
 fi)r condemning another as obfcure, in Terms full of 
 Obfcurity. Cejl une chofe bien glorieufe pour la verite^ de 
 troiwcr dans les propres combats qu'on lui livre une 
 preuve du pouvolr dont elle doit joui'r dans le ?fwnde4 
 Toutes les extravagances aufquelks le cosur humain s^eji 
 abaadonne en matiire de Religion^ ay ant eu pour fonde- 
 ment une premiere virite dont chacun s'efi fait une idee 
 felon fon caprice* This is Gali?natias in the higheft De- 
 gree : I have often thought to content my felt in fuch 
 Cafes with inferting the Quotation only, without at- 
 tempting to tranflate it j it being as hard a Matter to do 
 Juftice to Konfenfe as to Senfe in Tranflation : But I 
 muft do my Endeavour 5 and it is very likely, where 
 the Original is Nonfenfe, it may be improv'd in the 
 Verllon. 
 
 " 'Tis a glorious Thing for Truth, fays the French 
 *' Author i to find a Proof of the Power flie ought to en- 
 *' joy in the World, even in the Combats Ihe meets 
 *' with. All the Extravagancies to which the Heart of 
 *' Man is abandon'd in the Matter of Religion, being 
 *' founded on a firft Truth of which every one con- 
 *' ceives an Idea , according to his Caprice ". A fa- 
 mous Italian Writer blaming Lucretius for being obfcure, 
 is himfelf obfcure. Lucrezio^ con Vofcuritd dello jiil 
 poetico nan fclo vefie il corpo delta fentenza^ ma fpejfo it 
 vifo : e la vejle del vifo non e tanto fregio che adorni^ 
 quanto mafchera che nafconda. Lucretius covers -ucith 
 the Obfcurity of his poetical Stile ^ not only the Sody^ hut 
 alfo the Face of the Thought^ and that 'which covers the 
 
 * Mr TV^r P^c^i *^ not Jo much a Drefs to adorn it^ as 
 ^mv, n^ar- ^ j^j^^j^ ^^ j^^^^ -^^ r^^^ Reverend Divine *, 
 
 who animadverted on Dr. Surnet^s Theory 
 of the Earth, is extremely unhappy in this Way of Wri- 
 ting, filling often into the Errors of which he accufes 
 the Doflor 5 and always blundering, when he attempts 
 to charge him with Blunders. The ingenious Authors 
 who fct up for Anfwerers, are very liable to commit this 
 Error, for being generally blinded by Envy, Jealoufy, 
 
 Prejudice, 
 
L o G I c K and Rhetoric k. 405- 
 
 Prejudice, Pride and Paflion ; they fcldom fail of bil- 
 ling into the Ditch they were digging for others. Thofe 
 that deal in Controverfy, efpecially Bigots who are over- 
 heated withfalfe Zreal, feldom fail alio of charging their 
 Antagonifts with the Faults of which they are themfelves 
 guilty. 
 
 A 'Platonick Philofopher fpeaking of ftudying in the 
 Morning, for that the Head is then cleareft, exprefs'd 
 himfelf in French thus, Les fantoraes du matin impri- 
 mez dans la plus belle fleur des efprits fe pnfentent di- 
 fiinuiement au miroir de Vame^ ou il fe fait d'admirables 
 Reflexions de ces premieres Idks qui font les formes du 
 way. " The Phantoms of the Morning imprinted in 
 ** the faireft Flower of the Mind, prefent themfelves di- 
 *' ftinftly to the Looking- Glafs of the Soul, where ad- 
 *' mirable Refle6lions are made of thofe firft Ideas which 
 ** are the Forms of Truth ". True it is, the Philofo- 
 phers are as guilty of this Obfcurity as any Writers what- 
 ever 5 they generally affefl the Charafter of profound 
 and myfterious, which confequently leads them to Per- 
 plexity and Obfcurity : But thefe Depths are fo fir from 
 making the hardeft Head giddy, that they caufe Vene- 
 ration 5 and the fage Authors are efteem'd for their Pro- 
 fundity and Unintelligiblenefs. However, if any of 
 their Admirers happen to be undeceiv'd, the Pleafure 
 they find in coming at the Truth, is infinitely greater 
 than that of the Error with which they were fo much 
 delighted. Fools indeed, like their Predeceflfor men- 
 tion'd by Horace^ may fancy they are ftill at the Opera, 
 hearing Sifaces and Camillas.^ when they are by their 
 own dull Fire's Side ; and if they are undeceiv'd by 
 the Remedies which their Friends give them, may ex- 
 claim againft them, for depriving them of the Pleafures 
 of Delufion. 
 
 ^ol me occidiftis, amici ; 
 NonfervaJiiSj aity cui fie extort a voluptaSy 
 £,t aemptus per vim mentis graviffimus error. 
 
 Hor. Ep. Lib. 2. Ep. s, 
 
 HORACE, in his Epiftle, !De Arte "Poetica, teach- 
 es us to avoid being plcas'd with Things that ought not 
 to give Pleafure to reafonable Minds ; fuch as foft tri- 
 fling Verfes> and harmonious Nonfenfe. 
 
 D d 3 Verfus 
 
40^ Tbe ARTS of 
 
 Verfus incpes rerum^ nugaque canora. 
 
 Hor. dc Art. Poet. 
 
 W E have Inftances enough of this Kind in our late 
 
 Vcrfifyers. 
 
 . Wits "xhofe Numbers glide along 
 
 SofiMotJOy no 'jthought e'er interrupts the Song^ 
 
 Laborioujly enervate they appear^ 
 
 Ani, -write not to the Hearty but to the Ear : 
 
 Our Minds unmo'Sd and unconcern' d they lully 
 
 And are, at kafi, mojf mujically dull j 
 
 jSo purling Streams 'with even AIur?7iurs creep, 
 
 And hup the heavy Hearers into Sleep. 
 
 As pnoothefi Speech is mojl deceitful foundy 
 
 T'he frmothefi Numbers oft are empty Soundy 
 
 And leave our lah'ring Fancy quite a Ground. 
 
 Wycherly to Pope* 
 
 Every one knows that Mr. Wycherly never piqu'd 
 himfclf on fine Verfification, and this Satyr upon it 
 might be well expefted from his Wit : But can any one 
 bcneve that Wycherly turn'd thefe Verfes himfelf. 
 
 Sofmooth, no 'Thought e'er interrupts the Song^ 
 And -write not to the Hearty but to the Ear, 
 And hujb the heavy Hearers into Sleep. 
 
 He cou'd no more turn thofe Verfes, than the famous 
 Couplet in Cooper's Hill, which raifcs a juft Sufpicion, 
 that his Friend, to whom he pretends to write, and 
 whofe Verfes arc as fmooth as ^ryden's, did, like the 
 Fops in Farces, write the Letter to himfelf 3 and then 
 the tollowing Lines are extremely modeil. 
 
 Toungy yet judicious y in your Verfe are found 
 Art jlrengthningNaturey Senfeimprov dby Sound, 
 
 And again, 
 
 ^it Wit and Judgment joyn at once in you. 
 
 And fo to the End of the Epiftle. 
 
 Father Souhours, drawing to the End of his Di-^ 
 logue, makes his Pupil, ThilanthuSy acknowledge that 
 he is undecciv'd, as to the Judgment he was to make 
 of the Works of the Ingenious, wherein the Glaring 
 and the Perplexity paft upon hira for Beauty and Depth. 
 
 He 
 
L o G I c K and R h e t o r re tc' 407 
 
 He fays now, ingenious Thoughts are like Diamonds, 
 whofe Worth is reckon 'd by their Solidity, and not their 
 Luftre. He alfo brings ^}iintilian into the Queilion : 
 F^lluntur plurimum^ qui wtiofum ^ corr upturn dicendi 
 gcnus^ quod aut verborum Ucenticl refultat, aut puerilU 
 bus fementlis lafchit^ aut immodico tu?}2ore turgejcit, 
 aut inanibus locts bacchatur, aut cafitris^ fi kvlter ex- 
 cutiantuTy flofcuUs ftiret^ aut precipitia pro fublimibus 
 habet^ aut fpecie libertatis infanit., magis exijlifnant 
 populare atquc plaufibile. Which may be thus render'd : 
 " Thofe Readers are miferably deceiv'd in their Judg- 
 *' ment of Eloquence, who take that to be reafbnable 
 " and plaufible which is corrupt and vicious, puerile 
 *' and trifling, which obferves no Decorum in Exprcf- 
 *' fion and Thought, which fwells in thofe Places where 
 ** Swelling is leaft requir'd, and confbmids the Sublime 
 *' with the Furious, the Beautiful with the Florid ^ and 
 *' pretending to a free Air, grows wanton even to Folly." 
 Father Souhours congratulates his Pupil on the Lights 
 he had receiv'd from him 5 and that now he wou'd no 
 more prefer Seneca's Points to Cicero's good Senfe, nor 
 'Tajjo's Tinfel to VirgiVs Gold. He then reminds him 
 of his Leflbns in the Art of right Thinking : " That 
 *' Truth is the Soul of a Thought j that Grandeur, 
 ** Agreeablenefs, Delicacy, are Ornaments onlyj that 
 " nothing can be fine that is not natural 5 and that there 
 *' is a great deal of Difference between Colour which 
 " comes from the Blood, and that which is the Effe6l of 
 *' Paint, between a jolly and a bloated Complexion, 
 *' between Grace and Aflfeftation : As in ^intillan" 
 Ornatus virilis fortis ^ fanEius Jit : nee effaminatam 
 lev it at em ^ nee fuco eminent em color em amet^ fanguine 
 ^ viribus nit eat. He further reminds him, that Re- 
 finement is the worft of all AfFefl:ations, and that Subtle- 
 ty jfhould be avoided in the Way of Thinking, as well as 
 in the Way of the World. He adds, as there is a cer- 
 tain Rudenefs in a Man's telling his Steps and walking 
 on his Toes, a Primnefs which ihews the Want of good 
 Breeding and Manners 3 fo Refinement and Afteclation 
 ihew a Want of Wit and good Senfe, which would 
 make up in Form what it wants in Power. Nothing is 
 more oppofite to true Delicacy than over-doing it, and 
 crouding too many Things and Words into a Thought ; 
 the great Art being not to fay all on fome Subjects'^ ra- 
 D d 4 thcf 
 
4o8 ne ART S of 
 
 ther to touch on them than dwell upon them ; and in a 
 Word, to leave as much to the Reader's Thought as you 
 cxprcfs in your own, according to Demetrius 'Pbaler. 
 ti) u£d,am non prolatay 7/zajora videntur ^ pot ins in fuf- 
 ficione relitta. Monfieur Ses;rais, in the Preflace to his 
 fine Verfion of Virdlily expofes the Wcaknefs of thefe 
 Poets, who think they reach the Height of Pcrfedion if 
 they have left nothing in their Works for their Readers 
 to think after them. This Obfervation is ufeful in Con- 
 verfiition 5 when a Man fays all that is to be fiid on a 
 Subje£l, the Company are cloy'd, and lofe the Relifli he 
 intended ; but if he leaves fomething for them to ima- 
 gine themfelves, it awakens them, and gives them the 
 Pleafure of their own Difcovcry 5 which is a Delicacy a 
 little too refin'd for the Manner of the EngUp^ though 
 it is in the main as juft and reafonable as it is delicate 5 
 Man is naturally fo in Love with his own Productions, a 
 Sort of Creation which is very flattering to the Mind, 
 that the bell Judges have obferv'd that the furefl Way 
 to pleafe is not to fay and to think what may be thought 
 and faid, but to make way for others to think and to lay. 
 An Author ihould only open the Reader's Mind and 
 give it room to a61, he will then attribute what it pro- 
 duces to his own Genius and Capacity, though it is 
 really owing to the Author's Dexterity, in giving him an 
 Opportunity to make Reflcflions on the Images he ex- 
 pofes, which Reflexions he applies wholly to his own 
 UnderfTanding, and accordingly takes the Merit to him- 
 felf : Thus '■JJeimtrius before mention'd, NonnuUa re- 
 linquenda aiiditori qu<e fuo 7narts collignt. When a 
 Writer fiys all that may be faid, he not only deprives 
 the Reader of the Pleafure of his own Production, but 
 raifes in him a Kind of Indignation for having a Diltruft 
 pf his Ability • according to the fame Demetriui : ^Hd 
 omnia esponit audltori ut nulla mente prdsdito^ JimiHs 
 ei eji fj.ui audltorem improhat atque contemmt. There 
 is no Mind fo humble but it is mortify'd when it has any 
 Sufpicion that 'tis render'd contemptible by its Humi- 
 lity, and none fo diffident of its own Ability as to be 
 willing to have it dcfpis'd by another. Thefe Obfcrva- 
 tions, of both Ancients and Moderns, arc admirable, 
 and teach us more, as to the Delicacy of Thought, thiin 
 ^ny thing which ever yet appear 'd in our Language. 
 
 THfe 
 
L o G I c K and R h e t o r i c k. 409 
 
 The learned Jefuit returns again to Obfcurity, and 
 reminds '■Philanthus that nothing can be more vicious in 
 Thought than to be obfcure ; and that what is not in- 
 telligible is not ingenious. §luintiUan informs us , 
 *' That the lefs "Wit an Author has, he is the more fond 
 *' of fhewing it, as ihort Men llretch thcmfelvcs up on 
 ♦' their Feet, and Cowards threaten hardeft. In a 
 ♦' "Word, that a Writer is the more obfcure in proportion 
 *' as he wants Senfe, and as his Tafte is bad." ^jio 
 quifque ingenio minus valet ^ hoc fe magls at t oiler e ^ 
 dilatare conatur 5 tit fiat urn breves ^ in digitos eriguntur, 
 £S? plura infirmi minantur. Erit ergo obfcurior etiam 
 quo quifque deterior. Again, !Dilucida & negligentcr 
 quoque audientibus aperta 5 ut in animum ratio tan- 
 qua?nfol in oculos, etia?}7fi in earn non intendatur^ occur- 
 rat. Qyuare non ut intelligere poffit, fed ne omnino 
 pojjit non intelligere^ curandmn. Quintil. " A Thought 
 ♦' ought to be fo clear that Readers or Hearers may 
 *' underfland it without Study 5 it fliould enter into 
 ■' their Minds as Light does into their Eyes, without 
 *' Reflei^lion 3 and the Aim of him who thinks ihould 
 *' be not to make his Thought underltood, but fuch as 
 *' could not but be underftood." Here end the Dia- 
 logues between Eugene and 'Pbilanthus^ on the Way of 
 right 'Thinking in the Works of the Ingenious, without 
 confidering the Purity of Language, or Exaftnefs of Stile, 
 though, as 'Philantbus obferves, it fignifies nothing to 
 thinlc well, and write or fpeak ill. "Dionyfus Halicar. is 
 his Mailer. Nulla utilitas cogitationis prccclaree eft, fi 
 ei quis fulchrae locutionis non addiderit ornamentum. 
 *' The finell Thoughts are of no ufe without the Orna- 
 •' ment of Speech." Though nothing is more extra- 
 vagant and fenfelefs than a vain Sound of Words, the' 
 the moil fweet and bed chofen : They mull be flip- 
 ported by folid Thoughts and good Senfe, or they are 
 empty Air. ^^uid eft- enim tarn furiofum quam verbo- 
 rura -vcl opti'inorurn fonitus inanis, nulla, fubjecfafenten- 
 tiil ? 'Pere Souhours. advifes all that would be Authors, 
 in Profe or Verfe, to read the bell Writers of the ^^u- 
 guftan Age, and thofe Moderns that come up neareil to 
 them : He direfts them alfo to have always before their 
 Eyes feveral Perfons as Witneffes, and even as Judges 
 of their Thoughts. Jl^ill this pleafe fuch an one ? Woi'ld 
 Patru have lik'd this ? In England let them fiy , 
 
 Would 
 
'4IO The ARTS of 
 
 "Would this pafs with IValp or Mayn\va)'ing. They 
 were not Advocates as l^citru j but we have no Lawyer 
 of Kami's Eloquence to fupply his Place here, unlefs 
 we may put my Lord Somers in his Stead, who doubt- 
 lefs underftood thefe Things as well as Cardinal Rich- 
 lieu, whom the French Critick introduces as a Mafter of 
 the Art oi right 'Tbinkifig in the Works of the Ingenious. 
 So juffc was his Difcernment, that he was not fatisfy'd 
 with what was pretty 3 he was for what was fine and good, 
 which are above pretty, and faid of a famous Writer 
 of his Time, that he wrote not to the Soul but to the 
 Fancy and the Ears 5 and that the Judgment he fhew'd, 
 with refpeft to the Choice and Difpolition of Words, 
 left him often with refpett to Thought. This is the 
 Hero whom Souhours recommends to his French Au- 
 thors ; when they have occafion of noble Thoughts 
 they fliould always have him in their Minds, and then 
 nothing mean would offer to them, nothing but what is 
 great and fublimc. 
 
 To form fublime Images, our Poets need only re- 
 member, or read, the glorious Actions of the Duke of 
 Marlborough, which have more of the Hero in them 
 than all the Heroes of the latter Ages j and they would, 
 I doubt, find the Subject too grand for them. We have 
 not met with any Images yet equal to his Vi^lories, to 
 his fedate Courfe and rapid Conquells. For agreeable 
 and delicate Thoughts \Pere Souhours prefers l^oiturCy 
 Sarazin, and St. tvrcrdont, efpecially St. Evreraont. 
 *' What we have of him, fays the learned Jefuit, /hews 
 *' a fine Genius, who makes every thing he treats of ap- 
 *' pear equally folid and beautifLd." For clear Thoughts 
 he names Coeffeteau, who, according to VaiigelaSy 
 thought fo clearly that Galimatics was as incompatible 
 with his Wit as Darknefs is with Light. Contrary to 
 this are thefe Authors, who, according to ^innti- 
 lian^ have a Difguft for what is natural, and feek not 
 after what will adorn Tn\th, but what will paint it. 
 ^uihus fordent omnia que nntura di^avit : qut non or- 
 ftamenta quasrunt , fed lenocinia. *' Nothmg proper 
 ** and flmple pleafes them, and nothing feems delicate 
 *' to them which another might have thought ^ who 
 •* borrow bold and metaphorical Figures from bad Poets, 
 ** and never think they are witty but when others have 
 •' need of a great deal of Wit to underfland them.'" 
 
 ^uiil 
 
LoGicK ij;?J Rhetortck^ 411 
 
 ^U(d quod nihil propriiim placet^ dum parhn creditur 
 difertum quod ^ nllus dixejjet ? a corrupt ijjimo quoque 
 ^o'etarum figuras^ feu tranjlationes mutuamur 5 turn 
 demum ingeniofi fctlicet fi ad intelligendos nos cpus fit 
 ingenio. I will not fay there is a great deal of Wit nc- 
 ceflary to underftand the following Lines of the prefent 
 Poet Laurcat, on the Duke of Marlborou7h\ Victory at 
 Oudenardj but there feems to be fome Obfcurity both in 
 the Thought and Expreflion : 
 
 Obey'd by others, Fortune thee obeys^ 
 Fly fiuft^ yet Conqueft fwifter flics before^ 
 Sofl,njh the Lightnings e're the "-Thujiders roar 5 
 Unco77z?7ion 'Paths thy --xary March proclaim. 
 
 Conquell may very well be compar'd to Lightning j but 
 that Viftory fhould out-fly the Viftor, and conquer for 
 him before he comes, is a little unintelligible Vifto- 
 ry waiting on the Hero, is what our Anceftors met 
 with, and her perching on the Vigor's Plume j but 
 never of her flying before him. As to Paths proclaiming 
 a March, it is , I think , as inconceivcable as this 
 Couplet quoted by Fillers, Duke of Buckingham., out 
 of a Play written by a Perfon of ^lality. 
 
 Sut Fame had fent forth all her nimble Spies, 
 'To blaze this Match, and lend to Fate fome Eyes, 
 
 I have read the Blaze of Fame elfewhere : 
 
 Like the cool Englifli, ivho approach their Fate 
 With A'jce, and gravely firfl ivith Death debate 5 
 I'hey kindle floidy -J but "johen once on fire ., 
 Burn on^ and in the Blaze of Fame empire. 
 
 Nat. Lee. 
 Talden fays, 
 I'hefilent Globe is Jlruck ivith cfjcful Fear. 
 
 And it is extreamly metaphorical, but not without 
 Darknefs, the Subjeft he writes upon. The World is 
 taken for the Earth, or the People its Inh.ibirants ^ but 
 the Globe is generally taken for Land and Sea. How- 
 ever, a good Stock of Intelligence may find out Light 
 m it, as Waller has it, of fome Nonfenfc. 
 
 Jls Light can no ivay but by Li^ht appear ^ 
 He fntiji bring Senfe that iinderjfandi it here. 
 
1412 The ARTS of 
 
 I won't fay there is Nonfenfe in the following Vcrfes of 
 Talden's j but fure 1 am there is too much Scnfe in it : 
 
 Thus Archimedes, in his chrijfal Sphere, 
 
 Seem'd to correal the World's Artificer j 
 
 While the large Globe moves round ivith long 7)elay, 
 
 His beauteous Orbs in nimbler Circles play : 
 
 I'hisfeejn'd the nobler Labour of the two. 
 
 Great was the Sphere above, but fine below. 
 
 'Tis comparing the Whirl of a j^ack to the Velocity of 
 Jtercury, the nimbleft of the Planets, and the Har- 
 Ttiony of the Creation to an Orrery. This is very grave 5 
 what follows is of the tragical Kind : Dr. Sprat, late 
 Bifhop of Rocbejler, fpeaking to a River in which his 
 Miftrefs was drown'd, would make the moll melancholy 
 Keader laugh : 
 
 Go on, fweet Stream, and henceforth reft 
 No ??wre than does ray troubled Sreafi 5 
 u'Jnd if my fad Complaints have made thee flay y 
 T'hefe Tears, thefe Tears pall mend thy Way. 
 
 Kever did any River flop to hear fuch Complaints from 
 a Lover, who in the Excefs of his Grief has Leifure to 
 heap Metaphor upon Metaphor. A moft honourable 
 Poet having faid, 
 
 Juflice mujl tame, whom Mercy cannot win. 
 Adds, 
 
 T*his Winter fixes the unflabk Sea^ 
 And teaches refllefs Water Conflancy. 
 
 Which is fo oppofite to Truth, that if it is not Nonfenfe 
 it mull abound with Obfcurity 5 as does this Line of the 
 fame illullrious Author, fpeaking of King Charles the 
 Second's Relloration : 
 
 In Conquefls mild he came from Exile kind. 
 
 Conqueft and Exile do not much enlighten one another 5 
 but that Monarch having been beaten in every Battle he 
 fought, it may be called, a Battle renders the Conquefls 
 cxtreamly obfcure. Another excellent Poet flatters the 
 Memory of Charles the Second, and complements his 
 Brother, YAxigjfaraes, thus, 
 
 I Wrapt 
 
L o G I c K and R h e t o r i c k. 415 
 
 Wrapt like Elijah up to Heav'n in Fire^ 
 
 In feverifi Flame the Monarch does expire 5 
 
 His royal Mantle is great James'5 SharCy 
 
 Jit once his Kingdom's and his Virtue's Heir ; 
 
 So tho^ in Flames the burning l^hcenix dieSy 7] 
 
 j^nother fiill does from thofe Flames arife^ > 
 
 j^nd Kings immortal arcy as thofe above the Skies. v1 
 
 Tis very merry to read thefe Academicks Encomiums 
 on the Virtues of King Charles the Second. As again, 
 
 Mlfd to Charles in Virtues as in Shod. 
 
 And again the Poet's Prayer for King ^a7?2es : 
 
 On himy ye 'Pow''rSy all Charles'^ Virtues jhed* 
 
 The Obfcurity of this confills in the hiftorical Falfiiood, 
 the Charafter of that Prince being the very Reverfe of 
 Virtue -. But the Poets, as well as the Hiftorians, had 
 no Confcience when they flatter'd thofe two Princes and 
 their Minions. The very fober Mr. Co\iiey does not 
 flick at complimenting the Royalifts upon their beating 
 the Parliamentarians every where : He bids the latter. 
 
 Go no-Wy your filly Calumnies repeat. 
 And make all Papifts -whom you cannot beat 5 (vext^ 
 Let the World know fo?ne -way 'with '•jchom you are 
 And vote ^em Turks "johen they o'erthro-ix) you next. 
 
 " But of all the Galimatias which we have yet met 
 with, there is none in my Mind which comes up to this 
 Couplet of our Poet Laureaty in a Poem addrefs'd to 
 his prefent Majefty, whofe facred Chara6ler he has en- 
 deavour'd to draw with a very unequal Pen : 
 
 I'hy Virtues Jhine peculiarly nice^ 
 Ungloom'd with a Confinity to Vice. 
 
 Two Verfes which have as much of the Ridiculum and 
 Fuftian in them as can well be jumbled together. To 
 fay that a great Prince's royal Virtues pine peculiarly 
 mcey is like faying the Sun in its Meridian looks very 
 prettily. When a Mifs at a Boarding-School, in the 
 Bloom and Beauty of Youth, has her Sunday Gown on, 
 fine and clean Linnen, Mecklin Pinners, rich Ribbons, 
 9fid, all fct out to the beft Advantage by a good Drefler, 
 
 it 
 
414 "J^he ARTS of 
 
 it may be f;iid Repines peculiarly nice •■, but for a great 
 King, in the Glory of Majeily and Virtue fo to fhine, is 
 an Expreffion that has more Poverty and Affectation in 
 it than the woril of that Kind which we find in Father 
 Souhours. But what to make of the next Line, 
 
 U}igloom\i^ 'vcith a Confinity to Vice. 
 
 Is more than our Skill reaches to, as much as it is im- 
 prov'd by converiing with the Trench Critick. To un- 
 gloom a things is fome of that Sort of Nonfenfe which fo 
 
 f>erfe6:ly confounds all Ideas that there is no diftinil one 
 eft in the Mind. Belldes that, it is not Englip j for all 
 our bell Lexicographers allow of no Word like it, but the 
 Adjeftive Gloowy, or tlie Subllantive Gloomincfs j one 
 can have no Conception of ungloof'ding a Thing, fince 
 the Laureat will have it fo, which was not gloom'd be- 
 fore 'j and how he will come off then I cannot tell. The 
 Word Confinity^ in the fame Verfe, is no more Englip 
 than ungloom^d : We have confines in the Plural, but 
 nothing elfe, except the Verb to confine j which will not 
 do the Poet's Bufinefs. However, 'tis granted that 
 Poets are permitted to coin Words, when there are none 
 in our Tongue which exprefi[es their Thought ; but 
 then thofc Words mull have a Being and Senfe, in Ibme 
 Language or other 3 which the ^Poet Laureafs have not, 
 unlefs it will be pretended that T'ertuUian makes ufc of 
 the Word Coyfinitas inflead of Vicinitas 3 and fo Confi- 
 nity might have pafs'd, though falfe Coin, had it not 
 been for its Vicinity to ungloojiid : 
 
 Slit if you -vrite of 'Things ahfirufe and ne-uL\ 
 Words cf your o-zvn inventing may be iis'd j 
 
 Says the Lord Rofcoimnon after Horace. But the Praife 
 of royal Virtue is no new Thing, it is as old as Poetry, 
 which feems to be invented on purpofe. And when the 
 Tranflator otlHomer tells us the Field of Battle was en- 
 fanguin\i^ though there is nothing lefs abfi^rufc and new 
 than bloody Plains, fpcaking of War, yet he has here 
 fpoilt two good Languages, EngUfij and French, to 
 adorn his Poetry with an out of the ivay Word. The 
 neareft Word in French to it is SanguinairCy or blood- 
 thirlly 3 and there is no other Foundation for this new 
 Invention of his. His deathful 'Plains is much better ; 
 his Injiarr'di fpcaking of Gems 3 his F(?Mr/«/, fpeaking 
 
 of 
 
LoGicK ^7;^ Rhetor TCK. 41 j 
 
 of fuch a Place as Bi^b^ate-Hill, arc pafl-ible 5 for they 
 have a Being and Senfe in good En^lifi, and arc well 
 compounded' 3 fo are his Len^thfuky^ MovekfSy and the 
 like 5 but as to his filver Thongs it is as bad as Sir 
 Harry Sbeers\, Iler'jilken Hairs arefiher Strings 5 and 
 a great deal worfc than the filvcr Inkborn of School- 
 Boys. This Critick falls very feverely upon ^Pere Ra- 
 ping in his Notes on Horner^ that very Kapin of whom 
 ^ryden faid, in his Preface to his State of Innocence^ 
 He alone is fufficient^ ivere all other Cri ticks lofty to teacb 
 a-ne-zv the Art of V/riting. By which we learn that 
 cither 'Dry den ov^ope did not underftand Father i^^j?/;;, 
 or knew not how to fet a Value upon his Merit. Be- 
 sides enfanguin'dy we have 'Piciurefque, Riant ^ Fierte, 
 CompartemenSy Traits^ ^c. without the leaft Neceffity 
 for it, as good Englip all as are his political Principles 
 and Religion. The Affefl:ation is as ridiculous as it is 
 vicious 5 and fo indeed is all ufe of French Words, 
 when we have Englip to exprefs our felves. My good 
 Friend, Dr. Drake^ fell upon me when we did not 
 underftand one another fo well, as we did afterwards, for 
 ufing the Word Naivete^ which is beft underftood by 
 Sinzilicity in Englip 5 but as I have elfewhere obferv'd, 
 neither Si}npUcity nor Naturalnefs^ otherwife no good 
 "Word, do exprefs it. Dryden's Preface to Rival Ladies 
 fays, / wip we jfzight at length leave to borrow Words of 
 other Nations^ which is now a IVantonnefs in us^ not ^ 
 Neceffity -, but fb long as fomc affefi to fpeak^ there will 
 not want thofe who will have the Soldnefs to write 
 them. And no Man was bolder in this even than Dry- 
 den himfelf, if we may believe Mr. Rowe, who wrote 
 the following Verfcs in a Poem which he fent to the 
 Prefs, and afterwards recall'd it, to craze them before 
 the Poem was printed, out of which I copy'd what fol- 
 lows : 
 
 JVtt and the Laws had both thefa^ne ill Fate^ 
 And partial 'Tyrants fway^d in either State 5 
 Hl-natur'd Cenfure wou'd befure to blame 
 An alien Wit of independant Fame ; 
 While Bays grown oldy and harden d in Offence^ 
 Wasfujfer'4 to write on in fpite of Senfe j 
 
 I Sasht 
 
4^6 *r^e ART S of 
 
 Sackt by hh Friends y tJf Invader brought along 7 
 A Creiv of foreign Words into our 'jTongue, ^ 
 
 ^0 ruin and enjlave the free-born Ejiglifli Song 5 S| 
 Still the prevailing Faction propt his 'throne^ 
 And to four Volumes let his 'Plays run on. 
 
 What Mr» Rowe takes Notice of here, backt by his 
 FriendSy an alien Wit^ the prevailing FaMiony to fup- 
 port iDryden and fome of the favourite contemporary 
 f*oets, was a6tually true ; there were Cabals at great 
 Mens Houies, where thefe Poets ufed to read their 
 Poems and Plays, and pre-engage the Vote and Intereji 
 of thofe noble Perfbns in their Favour 5 without fuch 
 a Pre-engagcment 'twas hardly poffible for an Author to 
 pafs in the World 5 and in rettirn for it, the Dedications 
 were ilutfcd with the niofl fulfome Praifes ; Mecoenas's 
 were made as fift as Knights at a Lord-Mayor's Feaft, 
 and the Poets, who engrois'd their good Graces, had 
 both the Fame and the Fortune. 1 could enter into 
 Particulars of both Patrons and Authors, and convince 
 the Reader, by thofe Particulars, that I knew both the 
 Men and the Things 5 but fince fome of thofe Mecosnas's, 
 and fome of thofe Authors, did not want Merit, as well 
 as Fortune and Fame, 'twill be ungenerous to make more 
 than we have done of this Foible. 
 
 The Tranllator of ifo//?e'r does not ^Iwzy s pine fo pe^ 
 culiarly nice as in thofe fine French Words before men- 
 tion'd : He fometimes is very homely in his Expreffion 
 and Sentiment 5 as when he Ipcaks of his Hero as of a 
 Hogfliead of Ale, and inftead of dcfcribing him as a 
 Poet, tells us he will gage him like an Excifcman. 
 This delicate Author has written a rhiming Effay on 
 Criticifm^ and made himfelf merry with his Brethren, 
 in a notable Treatife call'd the Art of Sinking , to 
 
 which he and his Partner, S r, have contributed 
 
 more than all the reft of their Contemporary Writers, it 
 trifling and Grimace are not in the high Parts of Wri- 
 ting. Befides, this Sinking is contrary to the Prophecy 
 of the Laureaty who, in the fame Poem, wherein is 
 that admirable Diftich before mention'd, thus vents his 
 Infpiration : 
 
 7*0 Albion, thoUy if^oets can prefagef 
 Shalt give another fweeter Clajfick Ag^. 
 
 Hi 
 
ti o G T c K and R h e t o" r i c ic; 417 
 
 He prophdics that his own Poetry fliall be fvveetcr thart 
 Catullus^ I'ibiiUus ^ ,and Ovid's; but we have little 
 Hope of the AccompliQiment of it, from the Poems he 
 has lately publifh'd j and the putting the Laurel upon 
 lais Head for writing fuch Verfes and fuch Prophecies, 
 will give Futurity a very lively Idea of the Judgment 
 and Juftice of thofe that beftow'd it upon him. 
 
 If we had more Leifure and Compafs, we ynight 
 have given Hundreds of Inftances of obfcurc aind falfe 
 Thoughts, out of the choiceft Poems in the moft famous 
 Mifcellmies 5 but here are enough to let the Reader fee 
 that the Vices in Expreflion and Language are alike 
 common in all Writings, Profe and Verfe, Ancient and 
 Modern, Greek, Latin, Jtalia»y French, and EngUp^ 
 whofe Authors are not, however, fo apt to fall into" 
 AfFeftation as the Italian and French 5 and their Wri-" 
 tings are as mafterly and perfect as the moft perfeft andi 
 moll mafterly of the moft polite Writers of other Nations. 
 In the fublime Way, Dr. Sprat, and Dr. Jiurmt of tho 
 Charter-houfe, in Profe 5 and Milton in Verfe, are e- 
 qually eminent 5 in the Polite and Natural, Dr. Tillot- 
 fon and Mr. Addifon 5 in the Agreeable, Mr. IFalp and 
 Mr. ^rior 5 in tlie Delicate, all of thefe in their feveral 
 Kinds 5 and many more might be added, were there oc- 
 cafion; It is to be fear'd we muft content our felves 
 Ivith what we have, and that we fhall have few or no* 
 Supplies from the Genius, Judgment, and Tafte of thd 
 prefent and coming Age, for Which one cannot help ha- 
 ving a Concern, though we forefee but a fmall Part of 
 the Degeneracy which future Writers and Readers will 
 certainly fall into. Indeed we are rather precipitating 
 our felves than falling irito it. What a Precipice is it^ 
 from Lock's Huraan tinderfianding to S-xift's LilUput^ 
 and 'Profundity / What another, from the 'Flain Dealer^ 
 or Lom for Love, to Harlequin and the 'Beggar i Opera i 
 Had we ftumbled only on a 'Trip to the Juhilee, or » 
 Lady's Vifiting-Day, thefe might have been fome 
 Hopes of rifing again 5 but we fink now like Ships laderi 
 with Lead, and muft defpair of ever recovering the: 
 Height from which we are fallen. It has been obferv'd 
 of the Genius of the Rof/ians,- that 'twas like what is 
 faid of the Oak, a hundred Years in growing, a hundred ^ 
 Years in perfection, and a hundred Years in decaying. 
 Oar Genius was not a hundred Years in growing, reckon' 
 
 £ e itig 
 
4i8 T/?'^ A R T S ^/, 6cc. 
 
 ing from Spencer to Milton -, it might be faid to be d 
 hundred Years in perfeftion, from Waller'^ firft Poems, 
 to Addifon's lall 5 but from Tonfon^ Mifcellanies to 
 'Pope's^ from Sir William T'emple to his Chaplain S-xift^ 
 is a melancholy Profptfl of the Precipitation which 
 Poftei'ity is threaten'd with, both in Wit and Language : 
 'Tis too well known that the Generality of Readers had 
 rather be amus'd than inftruded 5 and therefore fober 
 and ingenious Writers have invented pleafant Fables to 
 joyn Inftru6lion with Amufement : But for Authors to 
 tell frivolous Tales, purely for telling fake, to collect 
 Trifles by Volumes, to deal by their Readefs as forKl 
 Mothers do by their Children, and give them Toys and 
 Gewgaws inftead of LefTons ufeful for Life, is wicked, if 
 done with Defign to corrupt their Underftapdings ; and, 
 if done with no Defign, idle and impertinent, unbe- 
 coming the Character of a Man, and much lefs that of a 
 ^ivifie and a jDignitary. He makes no Confcience of 
 putting off adulterated Wit for true, though it is, per- 
 haps, a greater Cheat than pafling Counters for Guineas, 
 or IVood s Copper Money for Gold. What better can 
 be expelled from a Man, who having devoted himfelf 
 to the Service of the holy u^ltar^ turns it into a Mounte- 
 bank's Stage, and plays himfelf the Merry- Jlndre-io up- 
 on it, as in the T" ale of a T'uh} The facred Myfteries of 
 the Chriftian Religion have not efcap'd his Drollery 5 
 what Hope then that Senfe and Wit will have better 
 Treatment from him ? True Wit inftrufts at the fame 
 time that it pleafes 5 but that which is falfe is the 
 
 Mirth only of Fools 5 and that S ?'s is every 
 
 where falfe, will appear by holding it up to Father 
 Souhours's Light. What greater Debafement can hap- 
 pen to Mankind, than to have their Underftandings re- 
 duc'd to the Condition of Infants and Idiots, to be de- 
 lighted with Rattles and Bawbles, and to like only 
 what they laugh at. If their Shape was metamorphos'd 
 into that of Monkies, the Dignity of human Nature 
 would not be more debas'd by it. Laughtei" will doubt- 
 lefs always be agreeable to fenfible and well-natur'd 
 People 5 but it is that Laughter which is excited by 
 ^kcfantry without Suffoonry j and whether a Man no 
 bigger than a ^in's Head^ and another as big as a Moun- 
 tain ^ is not the Contraji of a Sufoon^ I leave to the 
 Reader to determine. 
 
 THE 
 
THE 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 A. 
 
 A Ciiemyi French) their Fl/ttteiy P> ic^ 
 
 Adors, their great Knowledge of right Thinking in Playiy 
 ^97 i 303. To be pity d for their Grimaces 32.5 
 
 AddrefTes to King Charles and King ]imcs 11. obfcure and rneati 
 
 Addifon Mr. has a Thought like the AncientSy 90. Hii CharaBer 
 
 o/LcTvisXIV. 100. 0/X/rg- William, loi, 1 1 j, 190, 155^ 
 
 293. A fine and agreeable Thoughty 1^6. Ow Italy, 285. Of 
 
 Allegories, zS?. His Excellence, 291. Ce»/;/rfi Cowley, 294. 
 
 Cenfured himfelfy 295. His five Simile, 305. Cornpard with 
 
 Milton ibid, 
 
 Affeftation in Thoughts and Eypreffton defnd^ 222, [ii^,] C131,], 
 
 [232,] 274. & feq. net in Dutch, 283. Liijely Jnfiances of 
 
 itj 284, 28^. Imitatedy 309. Exquijite 556 
 
 Agamemnon, his Anger with the Gods 213 
 
 Age prefent, its Degeneracy in Wit 315, 405, i^o$, 
 
 hgxeezhle Thoughts, how affeBedy 21 J, 274, & feq. 
 
 Alexander'^ Cow^««j?j-, Thoughts upon them tzj 
 
 Allegory, the Ufefiihefs of it 171 
 
 Allegories and Metaphors dejind and diflinguijb'dy 286. Whet: 
 
 faulty, 287. Lord LanfdownJ?»« ow *^cw7, ibid. A good one 
 
 fpoilty ihid. A "jicious bne by Brydeii) zS$. By Wiikr 510 
 
 Alphonib, King, his Boaji 289 
 
 AmbalTador, hrs delicate Anfiver to his Prince, who had cotKpard 
 
 him to an Ox 164 
 
 Amhigmty the Ejfence of PuTiningy the DefeB of Difcouife I7j i9 
 
 Angels, Thoughts of them in Milton ^wrfTafio pt 
 
 Anne o/Auftria, Verfes onher Maufoleum 26^ 
 
 Anthologia, its Epigrams, 145, Dryden'f wretched Criticifrrt 
 
 upon it 337 
 
 Anthony'^ Tlight lo^ 
 
 Ancients, Lord BiConU Saying of thent, 92. ffhe fieaJ befi from 
 
 them, 274. Their Excellence, 292. Well imitated by BoiUau^ 
 
 3 ? 3. Martial'* Epigtam againji idolizing them z i 8 
 
 Antithelis, why it pleafes, 144. When vicious 192^ 307 
 
 Apoftrophe'/, when vicicus, 307, 308. An Example 3*9 
 
 ]fe c a ArBji4eV 
 
The INDEX. 
 
 Axmiiis parting with KinMo, compard to Diao's farting <witb 
 iEneas [a a 8, 119] 
 
 Avaux, Count de Voiture'i Letter to him 1 9^ 
 
 Aniun, St fubtilifes and refnes in his Writings y 329, Borrows 
 from Horace, 5 50. Andfpoils him ibid. 
 
 Knihors think alike, 11^. They (bould leave as much en feme 
 SuhjeBs for their Readers to think^ as they exprefs^ ^08. What 
 Writers they fiould read 409 
 
 B. 
 
 BAcon, Lord^ what Bouhours fays ofhimy i ao. And he of Anti- 
 quity^ 9a, Similes of his lao 
 Balzac cWjwwV^j' Pere Bouhours, 245, 247, 349, 350, ibid* 
 Barbon Balzac'/ imitated^ 3 $ a, and cetfurd ibid. 
 Baronet, one kiWd by Happinefsy in Echitd' s Hijiory 116 
 Bees, an /Allegory a 8(5 
 Blackmorcj Sir Richard's, Defcription of the Boar, 150. Compard 
 •with Dryden'j of a Lion 1 5 1 
 Bhkc,GeneraljaJineSayingofhis^ iz6. His Corpfe taken out of 
 the Grave ibid. 
 Bohemian Rebels^ the Vrott^znts fo calf d hy Echard 346 
 Boileau, Prior'i Verfes to him, 110, 162, 163. His Epiflle to 
 the Duke de V ivennc from the Dead, 197, 198. His Verjion of 
 Homer, a6a. jealous of Brebeuf, a6a. Of Voicure, 327. 
 Praifes and condemns himy 328. Imitates the Ancients 933 
 Bombaft, how the Sublime becomes fo, aa5. Such Thoughts in the 
 AncientSy 116. Longinus of ?>, 229, 238. Out c/Spanilh 
 Authors y aa8, 229, 235. Ci>»</e»i«'</ ^ ££)»•</ Lanfdown, a 40. 
 Much in French, a5x. & leq. 269. ^oind with Flatnefsy 
 271. Examples of it 371, &c. 
 Bouhours, Father, correBed, 105, 120, 131, 3ii> 35i. 
 Flatters, ibid. His Saying of Lord Bacon, 120. Meddles 
 with none but the befl Authors y 275. Confulted by Lord 
 Lanfdown, 240. His Critique on Homer, 241. Why his 
 Dialogue was thrown out, 289. What the Spc&ztov fays of 
 him, 294. Condemns Tacitus /or fubtleli^ng in Hifioryy though 
 infinitely fiort 0/ Echard in it 1^6 
 Boyne, King^WVurapaffmgit, defcriFd by AddiCon 294 
 Brebeuf and Row'/ Verjion of Lucan compardj a6at Boileau 
 jealous of the former, ibid, 4S0 « Corneille 263 
 Brevity, ivhen vicious 399, 400 
 Brillant in Difcourfe, a too great Fondnefs for it cenfur'd 3 1 
 Brothers, two like one another defcrib'd by Virgil 217 
 Brutus, a Thought on his condemning his rebel Sons zi6 
 Burnet, Dr. of the Charter-Houfe, grand in Thought and Expref- 
 fion^ 90, 91. ¥^xceli the Ancients in t}:e Sublime ^ 9a, His De-' 
 fcription of a Pendant 353 
 
 CaiUy, 
 
The I N D E X, 
 c. 
 
 CAilly, de Chevaliery a Poet noted for the Naivety of Thought 
 
 Canulliis, his Saying to his Soldiers 125 
 
 Campaign, AddifonVjfwe Simile in it treatedcf go$ 
 
 Cancer, one of the Twelve Signs j the Conceit of an Italian Poet on 
 
 it ^ 32, 377 
 
 Cannibal, Captive^ defcrifdhy Montagne 12, 
 
 Card-playing, Terms ufed in a Sermon 377 
 
 Cato, a Differtation on his owning the Caufe of the vanquifi'd^ in 
 
 Lucan 8, 9, 10 
 
 Catullus has a peculiar Naivety of Thought, 147. H/j Delicacy 
 
 Cervantes, his Subtlety 34S 
 
 Charles I. His Panegyrick hy a Frenchman, 97, His Reign de- 
 
 fcriVd by Waller 1 1 1 
 
 Charles II. His Panegyrick hy a Frenchman, 98. By Milton, 
 
 116. His Reign defcrib^d by Mr. Walfh, 134. Compard by 
 
 Dryden /o Atlas, 236. Again^ 249. To Elijah 41 j 
 
 Charles IX. of France, his Ambition and Cruelty 218 
 
 Chevy-Chace Ballad better than Strada'i Hijloryy 3 34t Critick 
 
 upon it not wonderful 335 
 
 Chrift confind to the Tropicks, hy an Englifti Preacher ; and his 
 
 Work of Redemption prov'd by the Twelve Signs 377 
 
 Cicero, lis EgotifmSy 128. Quintilian'i C^^ir^ffer ef him^ 269, 
 
 His Rule againfi over-Jiraind Thoughts, 288. Compard with 
 
 Seneca, ibid. Perron'j Saying of him zgz, 
 
 College, what learnt at it 351 
 
 Collier outragicus inpraife ofhimfelf, 290. His Affellat'on, [117.] 
 
 His Huddle of Metaphovf 368, 397, 398 
 
 CololTus for the French King a $ 4 
 
 Comedies, fever al cenfurd 3^4, &c. 
 
 Commentators on the ancient Authors cerfur'd 359, &c. 
 
 Comparifbn, how it differs from a Metaphor Ji 
 
 Comparifbns, a fine one of Longinus, 119. Others^ lao. Of 
 
 L«)rWB»con'j ibid, tsr 
 
 Conception, from whence it proceeds 378 
 
 Conde, Prince, flatter d 84 
 
 Congreve, Mr, his Verfes on King William, 170, i^^. On the 
 
 Reipns of the Sluzils, 169, 256. On King WilliimV ^ueeu 
 
 Mary, 191, 266. Other Verfes, 167. Compar d with l\\\\ton. 
 
 Conflagration defcriyd go 
 
 Cor nciWc compard with Seneca, 126^ jealous ffBrchcuf, 163. 
 The Decorum he obfervd to the Gods i I ^ 
 
 Corpfe, the Speech of one lal 
 
 Cofteaux Order, a Club of hard Drinkers 36 j 
 
 E e 3 Cowley 
 
The INDEX. 
 
 Cowley overfly aind in his Thought s^ tjo, igx. More than any 
 ope, i8i. Pretty Thoughts of his y 185. Cevfurd by hM\^oxi, 
 X94. And others^ 195. Loiv^ vulgar and affeiiedy [ii5,] 
 tii7j] 296. His Thought falfe, ibid. Cenfur'd by Dryden, 
 
 • 309. nis grofsVer/es on his Mifirefs, 1116,2 [ziy.] His light 
 Verfes on the Day of judgment j [117,] His Compliment to the 
 Roy^lijls _ 413 
 
 CrafTus, CiccroV Thought on his Death 119 
 
 Creation, a fine Voeni 274 
 
 Credit, axi BJfay on that SuhjeBj remark^fble for its fublime Kor,- 
 feyfe, and noble Author 3^8 
 
 Criticifm, Authors Mifiakes about it, 274. What j^thors nc^ 
 wortly of it, Z7<). Grammatical, where excellent 279 
 
 Cyran, St. Abbe, his Honfenfe in Writing 371 
 
 D. 
 
 DEATH, yefis made by ^len near it 311 
 
 l)Q.\',czic Thoughts, 15$, &c. Hoiv they become fubtle, 22$. 
 Hotv vicious, 314. shewn by Quintilian, ibid. How very 
 hard to define, ibid. 317. EnglilTi Poets faulty in it, 315. 
 }icne in Echard'j Hfiory, 320. An Example of it 311 
 
 Demetrius Phal. of Hyperboles, 248. Cf over-doing it in Thinkings 
 277. of Antiihejes, 307. Of Homer's terrible Graces 324 
 
 Denham, iS/r John, a vicious ApoHrophe in his So\)hy, 309. And 
 Simile, ibid. Again, 3x0. Tranjlates Virgil hetter tbaft 
 pryden . 3 34 
 
 Dcrcylis, Her CharaBer ' l8t 
 
 Devotion, Authors of, their Faults 349 
 
 Dialogue, Authoys Vanity in if 29P 
 
 Dido'4 Death defcriVd 155 
 
 Domitian, Panegyyick on his frequent Donatives to the Romans, 
 199. M^nhi' s JVip in favour of his Son 201 
 
 Donije, Dr. his metaphyjlcal Gallantry, 309, His other Errors 
 
 ?U 
 Dryden John, Efq; Verfes on him by Dryden, 2S9. Remarked 
 
 ibid. 
 Dryden, lavifi of Pvaife and Difpraife, 112. Makes a Dunghjl 
 cf the Globe, 121. Spoils a Pajfage in M'lUon, 136. Libels the 
 French King, 23^. Compares King Charles II. tQA.t]asnndKif2g 
 David, 236. Kifig James to Hercules, ibid, familiar with 
 Heaven, 213, 214, 237, 318. Poof and extravagant, ibid. 
 Bombafi, 238,239. A wretched Theft of his to praife King 
 Charles, 215, 2^9. Poor again, 250. Extravagarit again, 
 ihid. A pretty Thought of his falfe, 281. Overfiraitis always, 
 ibid. 288. Fine, 182. His Satyr on Marriage, 189. Better 
 for Ovid than Virgil, 291. Makes great ufe of the Lion, 298. 
 Cenfures Cow ley, 509. Is cenfur'd by the Guardian, 3 \^, J3«f- 
 tcwi foreign Words, 41',. His wretched Trartjlation «/ Virgil, 
 
 i35 
 
The INDEX. 
 
 i3, M3j i$4> ^"j 383, 394> 39$. hisPiBure cf ajlotl- 
 
 ful Monarch, 1 96. His parrel with the Cods 213,214 
 
 Dung, the Word not fiocking izo, lai 
 
 Dj.itch Authors free from Delicacy and Affe3ation z8 3 
 
 Dying Heroes differently defcrib'dy 81, 82. The Sayings of fonie 
 
 IZ4 
 E. 
 
 E Chard, Archdeacon^ makes a Devil of fome body, m, A 
 fmall Difagreement between him and Milton, 116. And 
 befween him and Tacitus, 124. And Mr.Wiilih, 134. And 
 Mr. Congveve and Mr. ?noVf i6p, 170, z$6. His Northern 
 Star, ibid. 256. Xo HeWczcy from one End of his Hijiory to 
 the other, 310. Subtilifes and Refines without knowing it, 
 344. His VuJgarifms 175 
 
 Egotifms, the Vanity of them ^ 127. When allowable 128 
 
 "Elocui'ion, the Advantage of it 22Z 
 
 Ely, Lor</ Bi^op of his admirable Preface on ^een Ann'j defert- 
 ing her Confederates, ^c. 115. The Break in it filT d up 116 
 Enfantin, «o* the fame as Childifi in Englifti 146 
 
 Englifti Authors, how far they equal the Ancients z8 5 
 
 Englifh Tongue, the utmoji Strength and Beauty of it, 9 3 . Cc- 
 feBive in the fecond Perfon for Poetry, 279. fVhen rejind, 325. 
 How long it lajied 326 
 
 EngWih and French ccmpard, 229. ^g4/» 235 
 
 Enguien, Duke of, fatter d by Voiture 16 1, 196, 198 
 
 Epiftles Dedicatory, blafphemous ones in France 244, 24$ 
 
 Equivocal £x/^re^owi 1 5, 17, 18, 20, zi 
 
 Eltcourt, his Renown got by Grimace 325 
 
 Etelan, Count de, a Sonnet of his 277 
 
 Evander, his Sentiment on the Death of his Son Pallas 211, 211 
 ByGSj Variety of Verfes on thern, 339. Engliih and others, 540, 
 
 F. 
 
 FAlrhx,JllTranflationofhis,9i. InjuresTuffo, 280,307 
 Falfhood, the Appearance of it in a Thought fometimes makes 
 
 it fne 177 
 
 Father' J Sentiments on the Death of his Daughter 210 
 
 Felton Dr. the Mirrour of Criticifm, 309. Prov'd^ ibid. Com- 
 
 pard to Varro and Quiatilian ibid. 
 
 Figure in Speech 1 z 
 
 Flatterers, their Misfortune 1 36 
 
 Florus of <7:'e c?W Gauls, 82, Condemned 291 
 
 Fortune not blind j8o 
 
 French Poet, Verfes on the Prince 0/ Conde 84 
 
 Fuenfeldagne, Count, his Elogy on Lewis XIV. 103; 
 
 Funeral Oration 0/ Lewis XIII. the Sonfenfe in it 364 
 
 Em Galb^'i 
 
The I N D E XJ 
 
 G. 
 
 Gklhi'i character, hy Tachus 173 
 
 Galgacus, the Bricifh Kif?gj lis Saying hefcre B.tttle^ \ 14. 
 
 His noble Speech 2 3 $ 
 
 Galimatias </?/>; V, 365. Injiances of it 372, &:c. /o 395 
 
 <Gan-!j David, /t ir^^e Sayirg of his to Henry V. 1 z^ 
 
 Garth, sir Samuel, his Panepyrick on King George I. ivhtn E- 
 
 Jedcr cflUnovcr, 116, 117. His Excellence in Poetry 291 
 Cii-dtn in the Nonhy rerfes on it faulty, 342. Tetfne 343 
 
 Gclaift, St. Bomh^fi Z3i 
 
 Genius loft luith Liberty 244 
 
 Genoa, Verfss on its Bombarclmeni 108 
 
 George I. King of England, Str Samuel Garth'i Panegyrick on him 
 
 <when EleSor of Hanover 116, 117 
 
 Georgics, Virgil'^, a late excellent Tranflation of them covmiended 
 
 3831 39$ 
 Germanicus, hij Spying at his Death 124. 
 
 Gods, the Poets free nvitb them, 213, 214, 318. Englifh Ppetf 
 
 offend mcfr, 518, 319. Drydcn ferifible itponld not 09 319 
 Gorgias condemn d hy Longinus 26^ 
 
 Grammatical Lrror^ 27S. Criticifms, ivhere excellent 279 
 
 Gratian, Chfcuriiy and Bombafl in his Qov^xiitij 22$, 381, 384, 
 
 3S5, &c. His Tranflator cenfurd 382 /o 38$, QPc 
 
 CrjmaceSj agreeable, 324. A Way to Tame 32$ 
 
 H. 
 
 HkWic^rniii^xus, of a puffy stile 226 
 
 Harlequin'/, modern, the ivorfl Sort of Mimes, 325. I^ot 
 
 better thav Monkeys 325 
 
 Heaven, Poets familiar with it 239 
 
 Heinfins Daniel, his excjuiftte AffcBafion 336 
 
 Henrietta Maria, Dutchefs t)/ Orleans, her Eulogy, 97, 98, Her 
 
 Mother s Miiforiunes, 174. Vfalkt's T'erfes cnher 185 
 
 Hercules ricketty 236 
 
 Keroes defer ib'd by Arioflo, Taflb, and Lord Landfdown i r, 1 £ 
 Hiftory, Englifh, Er.-ors tn it, 244. L/r/e made tip of Subtlety 
 
 and Refinement, 345, 347. Inflances of it in Echard ibid. 346 
 Hiftory, an Englifh one full of Subtlety and Refinement, 320. The 
 
 Fault of it, izi. what it is, ibid. 322, 323. Mofl licious in 
 
 Hiflory 344 
 
 Hcbbes, mt always clear enough in his ^xprefflons, 378, His 
 
 Charader by the Earl of Mulgrave 3 79 
 
 Homer, T. Bouhours Critique upon him, 242. His Tranjlator to 
 
 be imitated uith Caution, 18^. J/a terrible Graces 324 
 
 Horace, ^/j 5/5^^^ o/" virgil, 129, 329. Of human Cares, 159. 
 
 Jmp'ov'd hv }ioi\i:iiu 330 
 
 -^.uratii, the father of, his Saying of his Son 126 
 
 ' ' * I Hudi- 
 
The I N D E X. 
 
 Hudibras not to be read without a Comment 36 1 
 
 Huohes Mr. a Verjlon of his out of Horace 531 
 
 Hyperboles defnd^ z i, &c. Quintilian'/ Rule for them^ 245, 246. 
 
 ^K^f^orrfLanfdown'j, ibid. 22, 247. Soften d by VoituiCj 24, 
 
 J' 
 
 JAfFeir, af»e Speech of his in Venice Prcferv'd 152 
 James I. his Reign, how differently vepefented by Congreve 
 
 and Echard 169 
 
 James II. Kivgy made a God by a Poet, 112. JIis yufiice and 
 
 Clemency in the fVefi, ibid. Compard by Drydcn to Hercules, 
 
 236. To Elijah'j Mantle 413 
 
 Jealoufy of Authors 262. 528 
 
 Infcriptions, extravagant ones on the Louvre 251, 252 
 
 Joyner, poetical ?w France, cited by Bouhours, 313. Commended 
 
 by Maynard, ibid. Tranjlaied ibid. 
 
 Irony de^nd 25, &c. 
 
 Ifmenia, Princefs, a Saying of her by Lopez de Vega 184 
 
 liberates, an Hyperbole of his 247 
 
 Italian Poet, his fulfom Flattery Z 5 6, 2 $ 7 
 
 Itily Jinely defcrib' d 283 
 
 Juvenal, 0/ Alexander'/ Ambition aj 
 
 K 
 
 K. 
 Neller, 5/r Godfrey, Dryden'j Verfes on him 282, 
 
 L. 
 
 LAnfdown, Lcrd, his Verfes on $ueen Anne, 109. On Myra, 
 186. On the Beauties, 140. His Excufe for Dryden'f 
 Bombafl not good, 239. Defcribes and condemns Bombafl, 240. 
 Takes from Father Bouhours, ibid. From Quintilian, 246. 
 Out, as to DxydiCn, 259. Fine on Allegories 287 
 
 Laureat, Poet, chargd with Obfcurity, 411, 413, 414, 416, 
 
 Lawrence'j Mr. ivhimjical Epithets for Philofophy and Euclid 
 
 ?74. 
 
 Lee, his Verfes on K:r.g William, 113. Infults the Gods, 239. 
 His fine Defcripticn of Madnefs, ibid. Of Kight, 27 1. Hts 
 Errors in similes, 298, Apology for him 369 
 
 Lewis the Juft, a ivhimjtcal Conceit on his Kati'vity 5 a 
 
 Lewis XIII. a Power afcrib'dto him of curing allDifeafes, 31, 32. 
 Sonfenfe in his Funeral Oration 364 
 
 Lewis XIV. Flatter d in the Sublime, the Grand, the Fine, and 
 all ways of Thinking. Dedic. xv. p. 158, 160, 161, 162, 166, 
 167, 174, 177, 188, 191, 19;, 195, 390. His poor Revenge 
 o» K. William, 170. Flatter d by a Spaniard, 103. By the 
 Ladies, ib. 109. Flatter d, 99, loi, 102. .^Igain, 104, 
 106. ^is true Hiflory, 99, 100. His true ChaniSer, loo. 
 
 By 
 
The INDEX. 
 
 Sjf ^Tr. AidiiOny ibid. loi. Fdor'sVerfeJ on him, lo^, 230. 
 
 Flatter d by F. Spinola, 107. Compar'd to the Sun^ 108. 
 
 Piior'j Verfes upon ity 108. JVhen he paid for this Flattery.^ 
 
 108. Kot fatterd, 109. More Verfes of Prior'/ upon hwi^ 
 
 110. A Piiitire of b.Wj 1 1 4. fVl:y the Panegyricks on him feem 
 
 Jefs to usy 145. Flatter d^ 144. All fpoifd by the Duke of 
 
 Marlborough, 161, 191, 250. trior's Satyr ttpon him, aji, 
 
 245. Ltbeird by Drydcn, 235. Compard to a Stormy iS^. 
 
 Over Jiatie/d again Z9j 
 
 Life, the Love of it proved to be very l<!aturaly 117, &c. Vanity 
 
 of it, z 1 1 
 
 Limbec'cing Thoughts explain d 349 
 
 Livia, W^ge *o Auguftiis, <? Diflich on her 185 
 
 lon?,inus, afnelomparifonofhisy 119. OftheSublimey 113, 
 
 jnd Bomba/f, 119, 138, 169. For Softeni?gs 188 
 
 Love' J Defmption [ii^j] 230, 151 
 
 Low Thoughts, liir.ere not to be us'd, lii. In fiances of them 
 
 ibid. 
 Lwcan «p/</, 233. ExcelPd by Brebeuf, ibid. Fz-ec with the 
 Gods, 241. yl jf/;e Pajfage, 2.6 z. Fujlian fometimeSy 268. 
 S^vells too much , 517. Improvd by Maynard 331 
 
 Lucretiaj <i:^we Saying of her Decency at Death 145 
 
 Lyoa, a great Help to Dryden 2,98 
 
 Lyfias, the charaiier of bis WritingSy by HalicarnalTajiis 247 
 
 M. 
 
 MAdncfs fnely defcriVd by a mad Poet 438 
 
 Mainccnoa Madam, her Advice to Lewis XIV. 109 
 
 Malherbe, his Stanz.as on fame departed Ki^gi 29> 30» Con- 
 demn d 248, 39ij 395 
 Manner of Poets partakes of their Climate 285 
 Mariana, CharaBerofhisHiJlory 1 75, 176 
 Marini, his AffeBation in Poetry 284 
 Marlborough, jD;/^e 0/, Mr. ?rioi' sVerfis on him, no. Spoils the 
 French Ki?3g^s Panegyricks y 150, 161, 191. Verfes on bis 
 four DauglMers 182, 
 Maror, Verfes of his 142. 
 Martial o/Domitian, 1 30: Condemn d, t/p.yejis on Jupiter, 240, 
 241. Againft idolizing the Antients 218 
 ■Martia], his Raillery, Panegyricks, and Theft 199, aoo, 20I 
 Marriage, Dryden's Satyrupon it 289 
 Marvellous in Poetry, ivhat it is 7 
 Mary de Medicis, ^leen, Verfes on her <S 
 Maynard, his Epigram on Richlieu's leaving him unreivardedy 
 149, 191. Improves Luan 3 31 
 Mazarin Cardinal^ Petitions for bis Coachman ivho bad ever- 
 turn d him IJj 14 
 Metaphors defined 1 a 
 
 Metaphors, 
 
The I N D E X: 
 
 I^etaphors, nvhy pJeaJtngy 139. Treated of, 286. When faulty^ 
 187. Lord Lanfdown'i fne Thought on them, zSy. li>e 
 Tatler's, 304. F/»e owe z» /^e Campaign, 305. Inconvenien- 
 cy of too many 368, 397 
 
 Meteor, French Khg compared to one £j/ Prior 108 
 
 iMjlton, Thoughts of his con/par d with TaiXo'Sy gi. Taken from 
 hirn^ ^^. Frow Spencer, 95. Sublime, ibid. Ow JC. Charks 
 Il's JR.e%w, 116. Does not agree with Echard, 116. Agree- 
 able Thoughts in him, 134, 1 3 J. his Thoughts compard with 
 Addifon'j and Congreve'j on the like SubjeHs 305, 306 
 
 Mirroiir, French and Italian Verfes on one 277, 27^ 
 
 Mifers, the Indignation they raife 318 
 
 |Vlolefworth Mrs. her Tranjlation of Lucan letter than Brebcuf 'jr 
 or Rowe'j 26 5 
 
 Molicre'j Comedies cenfurd 35? 
 
 Monkeys as good as Harlequins 32^ 
 
 Montanus, what was faid of his overfiraind Thoughts 2 90 
 
 Motteux the China-Man, what he faid of laughing at Tragedies^ 
 297. And what KowQ faid to him, ibid. 
 
 Moufe, Country and City, a Poem, by 'whom claim d 195 
 
 "iAyfitx'iQMi Thoughts J what they are 178, 179 
 
 N. 
 
 NAivetc not to be tranflated, 144, 41^. Its Defcription, 
 145. An Enemy to certain AnlithefeSy 150. A great 
 
 Beauty 337 
 
 Naauii', Verfes on the taking of it 165 
 
 Night, fever at Defer ipticns compard, 270, & feq. 
 Nonfenfe which fhines, <?w^Nonfenfe which does not pine : Non- 
 
 fenfe in Thought ^ and Nonfenfe in Expreffion : Infiances in all 
 
 the Kinds y from 557, to the End. 
 Norris John of Bemerton, compard with Malbranch, 380. His 
 
 Bombafi and Obfcurity 380, 382 
 
 Northern Star, what and where it was 256 
 
 Northumberland Earl of, and Trivulci, compard at their Death 
 
 145 
 Novelty in Thoughts 165 
 
 O. 
 
 OBfcurity, too much delighted in by certain Authors, ;86, &c. 
 How fuch ought to be treated, 388,409. Various Infian- 
 ces of it 387, to 597 
 Oldifworth, the Poverty of his Underfianding 29O 
 Oliver, made a Hero by Mr. Waller, m. And again, 112, 
 '201. And a Devil, by Archdeacon Echard, in. His Pane- 
 gyrick, by Dryden, iii. By Dr. Sipnt, Bijbop of Kochsder, 
 ibid. A fne Saying of his 12^ 
 
 Opposition, 
 
The I N D E X. 
 
 Oppoficion, the Beauty of ;>, 141, 144. Vuious fometimes 
 
 291 
 Oration s-F«wer/T/, /w France, their CharaSier 98, 105 
 
 OrpheusV Defcerit into Hell 172, 175 
 
 Ocho, his Say7vg at his Death 114 
 
 Otway, an irregularity in him^ 273. A/ore Irregularities 
 299, 3ii. Tree ivith the Cods^ 214, 319. Has a pecu- 
 liar Saivety oj Thought 1 47 
 Over-drain'd t!. oughts, 274, &=" /f^. Cicero's Rule againji it^ 
 ib'8. }Lns,\iih Juthcrs v/ojl guilty of them^ z88. Others, 290. 
 0/ ^re^?? Vfe to kn~'W and a-vo'd them 290 
 Out-doing, out-done, a [fecial Phrafc in a foolip Preface to a 
 avitty Comedy 16$ 
 OvJdj wherein faulty 290 
 
 P. 
 
 PAllavicini, Cardinal, a fine Thought of his, 280. Condemns 
 Seneca 291 
 
 Panegyrick on S. Loui:, 86. Cn Richlieu falfe, 95. On Hen- 
 rietta Maria, Dutchefs of Ovkans, gj. 0« JC. Charles I. by 
 a Frenchman, 97. Falfe, ibid. Cn K. Charles II. 98 
 
 0» ;\iOw/. d' Lamoignon, 99. Rules for it, 186, &c. 
 
 Paris, His Wip in favour of the Goddefles 20$ 
 
 Party, fippoyted the Earl of Clarendon's Hifory 347 
 
 Pafcal of xvi oy and Egot ifnis 127 
 
 Pafqi'.et, rerfes on his being fiot by a Musket Ball 16 
 
 Fediinidejcribed 3$^5 353j 3^3 
 
 Pericles, an agreeable Thought of his 1 50 
 
 Petrarch, of Laura's Death 328 
 
 Phoebus, French Term for l^onfenfe 36$, &c. to 396 
 
 Phyiick, the Abufe of it otily creates Raillery 338 
 
 Pidures, Life in them z8o 
 
 Plagiarifts, Bunglers 273 
 
 Plaucus commended by Varro 1 37 
 
 Pliny the T.lder, ivhat he f aid of the Roaan DiElators going back 
 to the Ploiv, 138. Prejerr'd to the Tounger by Voimre ibid. 
 Pliny tie Tounger, his Advice to Tacitus about Study, i 37. Thinks 
 //^ffLucan, 264. Cerfur'd, 316. By Voiture, ibid. His Af- 
 f eolation [ 2.2-5] 
 
 Po celebrated by TafTo 40 1 
 
 Poets, '9j:imz\\ Patrons of Liberty, 20'. French, nonfenftcal Flat- 
 terers 390 
 Poets, their Clap-Trapps, 239. Ho<w miflaken as to Criticifms^ 
 274. As to Similes, 297,298. Their great Helps for them, 
 298. Good churchmen in the modern Senfe only, 319- What 
 SubjeBs are beji to form their Thoughts, 410. They us'd to 
 read their Works at Great Mens Houfes 4T6 
 PointSj nothing more vicious in Thought and Exprejfon, 199. In 
 
 Cowley'* 
 
The INDEX. 
 
 Cowlcy'j Davidcis, 309. Scazcsi's at his Death 31a 
 
 Politicians not good Hijiorians 31 1 
 
 Pompcy, Thoughts on his Death 153, 154 
 
 Pope Mr. and Ogilby, how they came to he mentioned together 
 
 Pope, his JlffeBation of French Words in his Kotes upon Homer 
 147, 414, 415. ^i fometimes very homely in Exprejpon and 
 Sentiment 416 
 
 Portuguefe Orator^ his nonfenjital Defiant on the Heart 39 1 
 
 VrziCe in fVritingy Rules for it 186, &c. 
 
 Preci, jfwe Verfes of his 89 
 
 Prince, one guilty of Flattery izo 
 
 Prior Mr. his Verfes on King William, 83. On ^een Mary, 97, 
 164. Venus and Cupid, 185,193. Changes Principle s^ 84. 
 On Lewis XIV. 105. On that Kings being compard to a 
 Star, 108. Compares him to a Meteor, ibid. More Verfes up- 
 on him, no. On Boileau, no, i6i, 163, 189. On the 
 Duke 0/ Marlborough, ibid. On King \^i\\um again, 114. 
 On ^een Ann, ibid. Sent Ambaffador to the French Kingy 
 I J 5, 159. His Panegyrick on King William, i 50. His i^atyr on 
 the French Kingy 231. Turns his Praifes on King Wiliiam to 
 R. Harley, 131. Satyr o^n the Yx&nch Kirg, 145, 2^5. Pa- 
 Tiegyrick on King William, ibid. His Satyr on the Reigns of the 
 Stuarts, z$5, 256. His Epigram on a painted Tloixer, 186. 
 His Petition for a Place in the Exchequer y 193. On Life, 
 
 219 
 
 Vwnnmg defcribedy 12. Detefled, 17, 18, 19, The Temptations 
 to it 295 
 
 Puns in Milton, Guardian, Tatlers, Spetftators, ^'-c. and at 
 our TJniverfities 18, 19 
 
 Punfters, tivo challenge one another, 1 8. Compard to Pick-pockets 
 and Devils \i 
 
 Puyfieux, the French Ambaffador, his Speech to the SwiG Cantons 
 
 QQ. 
 Ueen Ann of Aufiria, her Eulogy 96 
 
 . Queen Anne 0/ England, lorrf Lanfdown'j Verfes on her, 
 109. Mr. Stepney 'j, no. Prior '^, 114. Alters her ConduS, 
 115. The Lord Bifiop of Ely* J Account of it 1 1 5 
 
 Queen Chriftina'j Letter to the King o/Poland 8^ 
 
 Queen Mary, Wife to King William, Verfes on her 96 
 
 Quintus Curtius'j/we S.i\ing 86 
 
 Quintilian, his Saying of ]\Ams Cxfar, 105. 0/ Cicero, 269. 
 0/ Seneca, 292. CcmpardtoDr.VQl^on, 309. How del: c ate 
 Thoughts become vicious, 314, His Sentiments on the Death cf 
 his Wife and Children 11 z, 21 j 
 
 Quibbling in Seneca Z97 
 
 Racon, 
 
The INDEX. 
 
 R. 
 
 RAcan, fonie Verfes of his on §ueen Mary de Medlcis G 
 
 Racine, a noble Tl ought of his 2l8 
 
 Raillery, feriotis w Cicero tfw</ Martial jpj 
 
 Raillery fne, Oihat it is 132, 135 
 
 Rebellion, 7///?ory c/^V. I/J Foibles 344, &feqi 
 
 Reflexions Hifioricaly what they ought to be 175 
 
 Refinement, its Vice in Thinkings J 15. /» Pliny, 516. J» Se- 
 neca, 313. To ivhat compar'd, 324. Injiances of it, 326. 
 In St. Auflin, 329. Dejindy 350. What leads to it, 552, 
 Mor.firous in Echard 346 
 
 Vit'ign^ of the SimxiSy ivhat CongXfV& fays of thern^ 256. What 
 Prior 1^5,256 
 
 Refem b i a n ce, fne Thoughts on it zi7 
 
 Richiiei', Cardinal^ Epitaph on him, 30. Flatter d, 158, 192. 
 Mixde a Gcd, 244. Was a Majier of right Thinking 410 
 
 Roc'nerier, Earl of his Tranflation of Verfes on Lewis XIV, 108. 
 F>«e ct'Zf^ <^e Deities Jl8 
 
 Rochcfoucault Dw^e, ?^'(? CharaHer of his Memoirs 321, & feq. 
 Rome in Ruins, 87. Bombafl Tl^oughts on her Greatnefs 227 
 Rowe Mr. a good Thought of his ^ Z70. His Saying to Mottcux 
 of Plays that are taking, 197. His Errors, 298, 299, 3O2, 
 His Art, 303. Cenfurdy 315. His Verfton of haCdin. tdo copious^ 
 317. His charge upon Dryden 41 5 
 
 Ruins, Thoughts tfpon them 87^ 88 
 
 S. 
 
 SAlufl, his Saying of CitaVmCs dyingy 8r, His Brevity of Stih 
 cenfurd 40O 
 
 Sannazarius refines on the Antients 526 
 
 Siincerrc, full of Points 301 
 
 Snjpho, her Skill and Difcretion, Z/\z. Stitd the lOlh Mufe 180 
 Scaligcr, ivhat he faid of affelied Thoughts Xl^ 
 
 Scarron, natural, 525. Verfes on his Death 14^,329 
 
 Scholar, Balzac'/ 55* 
 
 Scripture, full of the Sublime I2i, izj 
 
 Sea Crab, carrying the Crofs ^4 
 
 Sejanus, //:'« Saying of a Rortian Knight upon his Tall 17* 
 
 Seneca, declaims ivhen he's dying 51 1 
 
 Seneca, overf rains his Thoughts, 290, 323. Cenfurd iyPallivicini, 
 
 29 1. Compard ivith Cicero, ibid. Verron s Saying of him^ 
 
 292. And Qiiintilian'/, ibid. Falfe Allegory of his, 2 96* 
 Subtlety 325 
 
 Senfe, good, prov'd to he the fame in all Languages 31 
 
 Sermons, loiv and ridiculous Sayings in fome, 132, 377,- 381 
 SefTions-houfe at Paris burnt, Verfes on it 16 
 
 Shaftsbury, Earl ofj not entirely right as to BgotifmSy It 8. Has 
 
 [ami 
 
The INDEX. 
 
 [ome OhfcuritieSy 398. His Charge on the Punftcrs at the TJm- 
 
 verjitief 1 9 
 
 Shakcfpear/^^//)', 5li. But not to be cenfur'd^ <;I5, 560 
 
 Sheers Sir Harry, joyns Softnefi and isonfenfe very prettily 5 70, 4 1 5 
 
 Shore l^nQ, Verfes on her ^ 151 
 
 SimWes in PaJJion condemn d, 297. By Dion. Hallcarn. 501. By 
 
 theTitkr, 304. The Errors o/Englifh Poets in it, Z(^i. Helps 
 
 for them, ibid. Out of the Tmcr, 504. Treated of 301 
 
 Simplicity agrees nvith the Sublime 123, I46, 1 50 
 
 Sinking, the Art of it y by P-— e, and S-— t, 4i<f 
 
 Sifigambisj a fine Obfervation on her Death 208 
 
 Softning ?'« Difcourfes necejfary, 216. /» Pliny, ^6^. InDty- 
 
 den, 27c, iSp. In a French Poet^ 280. DireHedby Lon- 
 
 ginus ii^S 
 
 Spanifh Authors bombaft^ 2z8, 229. Obfcure, 301. And vety 
 
 filly 53? 
 
 Spectator cenfurdas a Critick 295, 296 
 
 Spencer «w;»^r'</ w/'/^ Taflb, 82. His Stanza condemn d^ 8$. ^ 
 
 beautiful Thought of lis 9S 
 
 Spinola F. /-^zJ Eulogy on Lev/is XIV. 107 
 
 Sprat Df. £{/JiJ^ 0/ Roche fter, /./j Pawf^jrrV^ cm Cromwel, iir. 
 
 Errors in his Poetry, 301, 302. Again, 508. Imitates Af- 
 
 feBationf 309. Ter/ej o« Cowley, 17. 0» <» River where 
 
 his Miflrefs ivas drowned 4 1 1 
 
 Stanza Khime condemn d 8$ 
 
 Stepney Mr. his Verfes on King William'/ ^een Mary, 96. 0« 
 
 ^teen Ann 1 10 
 
 Strada the Hifiorian, fcandaloufiy faulty 176, 334 
 
 Stuarts Jle?^»/, their Char aHer 169 
 
 Sublime ?w Scripture, 122, 123. v^^wej w«i& Simplicity, 113. 
 
 H01V it becomes Bombafi, 12.'). Requires Care j z^o. Examples 
 
 260, 261. 
 Subtlety 0/ r^o«^i&^ rfe^wV, [231] Condemn d, 316. ^w Engli{h 
 
 Hifiory full of it, 32c. What it is, 321. To what compard 
 
 Sulpitius'j Ltf/Zfr /o Cicero ow Zv'j Daughter s Death 87 
 
 Suza, Countefs of, Verfes under her PiUure 1 82, 1 85 
 
 Swan the Punfier challenges Piircel 1 8 
 
 S — t clubs with?- — e to the Art of Sinking, 4 1 6. His Lilliptft, 
 
 Profundity J Tale of a Tub and Buffoonry 417, 418 
 
 T. 
 
 TAcitus, his Saying cf Otho" s Deat?:, 123, Vllny's Advice 
 to him, 137. CharaBer of his Hifiory, 17^, 176. His 
 Speech for Galgacus, 235. Subtlety his great Fault, 521. What 
 Hopes we may have of the new Travjlation, ibid. His fubtili- 
 ^'^S> ?iij 348. The Caufe of his Cbfcurity 400, 401 
 
 Taking Poets and?Uy%, their great Merit 297 
 
 Tamcrlancj 
 
The INDEX, 
 
 TirAerhne, good Pajfaget in that Tragedy 167, iyo 
 
 1&\{os Defer iption of hrgzntts, 81. Compar d with SpenceVy 82. 
 Ill turn d by Fairfax, 83. Fine Thought oj Rinaldo, 85, Of 
 Godfrey, ibid. Of Soldans Ambaffadors and Godfrey, 86. 
 Borrcavs from QuinCus Curtius, ibid. ATheftofhis^ 87,88, 
 400,401. Refines on Yi^gWy 90. Fine Thoughts ^ 91. Corn- 
 par d iviih Milton, ibid. A noble Thought, 143. Injur d by 
 Fairfax, iSo. AffeBed, zS^, full of Points ^ 300. Cenfurdy 
 307,336. By Dryden 338 
 
 T^ikc de^n'd 397^0 399 
 
 Taylor the Water-Poet" s Diflich on a Poet and a- King z 1 5 
 
 Temple of Praife, M**. Weedon'i ProjeB fit ereBing it 
 Tertulliaa'j Sonfenfe in his Treatife De Carne ChriiH 4O3 
 
 Tefii on Lopez de Vega, 138. A good Allegory of his fpoilt, 287 
 Extravagant 340, 341 
 
 Theodonus, aPanegyrickonhim 165,166 
 
 Theology of the Poets 29 
 
 Theophiie, a vicious Allegory of his 311 
 
 Thoughts True and Falfe, the Difference letivixf theniy 5, &c. 
 Subtle and Ingenious dejind 12, 407 
 
 Thoughts antient and modern alike 87, 88, 514 
 
 Thoughts, the Samenefs of them in feveral Authors 139, 314 
 
 Thoughts w^/?, 104, & feq. lio. III. ibid. De^nd, izg. 
 when vicious is^j 245 
 
 Thoughts /?»-o»^, 123, 124, 125,126, 259,260. Concife ai:d 
 myfierious, 178, 179. Natural, 208, &c. 325 
 
 Thoughts ambiguous, 402. Maimd, 403. Sublime, Dr. Bur- 
 net above the Antients, 92. Fine, 97. Low to be bonified^ 
 122. Sublime ibid. 
 
 Thoughts fne and agreeable, 1 2 9, & feq. What Cicefo fays of 
 them, 129. Defind, 150, 132. In Milton, 135. Pretty, 
 13'?. what makes them agreeable, 141. Pretty, 137, 285. 
 Made falfe by Dryden, 181. By Dr. Sprat Bifiop o/Rocheftcr, 
 go 8. Agreeable^ hoiv affeBed, Z25. Delicate, how fubtle^ 
 225. How vicious, 314. The Nicety of them, ibid. Great 
 and agreeable in Dry Atn, 270. Flat and Bombafl, 271. Af- 
 feBed, lively Inflances of it • 284,28^ 
 
 Thoughts falfs by being too agreeable, 276. And overflraind, ib. 
 277. & feq. when moft vicious, 297. Pointed mofl unnatural, 
 299. Falfe, 328. i4 ^r?/i/ Occafion of falfe Thoughts, 343. 
 Ought to be plain, clear, and intelligible ^"y?) ^^' 
 
 Thucydides, his greatefl Fault in Stile 395^ 
 
 Tigris River, Verfes on it by a French Poet 40 r 
 
 Tombs, Juvenal <t«</ Aufonius upon them 267 
 
 Trajan, VVmy' s Panegyrick on him, 157, 158, 159, 16 0, 173. 
 MartialV 200 
 
 Trivulci and the Earl of Northumberland compard 143 
 
 Truthv 
 
The INDEX. 
 
 Truth, the firft ^aVtty In thinkings 5, &c. 'The fame iho* 
 
 mix'd with Faljhood i/^, 
 
 Turner, Sir Ed ward, a Remark on his Speech to the King 3 70 
 
 V. 
 
 VAlcrlus Maximus, his Saying of Axtem'iCa. z6$ 
 
 Vandyke, WallerV Verfes on him aSz 
 
 Vega, Lopez dcy Bombafi 2i8, 294 
 
 Velleius PatercuUis, fVhat he fays on the Death of a Genera!^ 
 81. Another S.iyingj ^^. On ?ompey's Death 254 
 
 Virgil, IVhat Hotace fays of him, 129. Mangled hy Dryden 
 
 Viralis, Junius, <z Plagiary 87 
 
 Voiture, His way of foftening Hyperholes, 24. His Letter to 
 Madam Saintot, ibid. To Cardinal de la Vallette on an En- 
 iertainmenty 24, 25. Pretty Thoughts of his, 130. Finer 
 /^^» Martial, ibid. His Letter to the Count d'Avaux, 132, 
 Copies Catullus, 140. His Lejfon about Health and G.iyety, 
 130,131. Rallies Bilziic, ii\^. Commended, z/^.]. dnfures 
 Pliny, 3 1 5. Every Thing bury'd with him, 327. Taken 
 from Martial, 328. Cenfur'd by Bsileau, 327. Prais'dby 
 him, ibid. His Father a Vintner as well as Prior*/ Uncle, 
 194, 195. But he was no Bottleman, ibid. Verfes on the 
 Talk of his Marriage with a Purveyor's Daughter 194 
 
 VoituTt's Letters to\the Duke of Enp^nien, i5i, 196, 198. To 
 the Count d'Avaux, 198, 199. Tj the Dutchefs of LoDgaC' 
 ville on the Death of her Father 2 1 6 
 
 Urban VIII. Pope, Allegorical Verfes on him ^ 1S6. Greek Ver- 
 fes on one tranflated out of Greek 2^3 
 
 W. 
 
 WAUer, Mr. his Defcription of a Whale, 24. His Panegy- 
 rick on Oliver, lll, 112, 201. Mfplac'd on the Hearfe 
 tf/ Charles If. 201. Noble Thoughts, ibid. On K. William, 
 113. His Excufe for praifing Cromvfe\, 144. His Verfes or* 
 Henrietta Maria, and to King James Il's^/esw, 183. A 
 vicious Allegory of his, 310. Verfes upon Eyes, 340, 341. 
 Cenfur'd for Subtlety and Refinement, ibid, Veyfes to his Aii- 
 firefs [226, 228} 
 
 Walfh, JVfr. WhathefaysofEgotifms, 1 2 7. Pretty Thoucht^ of 
 his, 153. Fine Raillery, ibid. Verfes to his Mtflrefs [22(5] 
 Warren, Mr. his Saying of Dr. BurnetV Tieory cenfur'd 374, 
 
 404 
 
 Weedon, Mr, his ProjeB for a Temple of Fraife in Lincoln'j-lnn 
 
 Square j 
 
 William, King, Mr. Prior** Verfes on him, 83, 97, 164, 190. 
 
 JVfr, Rowe*/, 159. Mr. AddifonV, loi, 113, 155, 190, 
 
 i^ f 293. 
 
The INDEX. 
 
 495. LeeV, 115. Waller'/, ihid. Mr. Prior*/ again, 
 
 114. And again^ 250. J very fine Saying ef hiSy 125. 
 
 Air, Congxcve's Verfes on him^ 255. Compar'd with Ltv/'is 
 
 XI V. 294. His Speeches commended 1 78 
 
 Wit 0/ /JE)c tnglifb, Italians, and ¥tench campard 16^ 
 
 Women, French, not hand/om 550 
 
 [Wreck, Verfei on one tranjlated out of Greek %6% 
 
 Y. 
 
 "AMen'j Verfes on Watfon'i Ephemeris, 25. On the Glohe 
 
 411^ 412 
 
 Z. 
 
 'Odiac, King of Spain compar'dto it by a Prifjl 377 
 
 Zoiius turn'd into Zachary Grey 21 
 
 ERRATA /« ?/^^ Life aad Writings, ^e. 
 
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