LETTERS 
 
 — OF — 
 
 emii mm mum, 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Ninety-Third Ohio Infantry, 
 
 PRESS OF WRIGHTSON & COMPANY, 
 13 West Fourth Street, Cincinnati, O. 
 1883. 
 
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Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2015 
 
 https ://arch i ve .org/detai Is/lettersof captai n 1 883 rich 
 
I 
 
RY RICHARDS. 
 
LETTERS 
 
 APTAi HIRY eiBHARDS, 
 
 OF TSE 
 
 NinetyThird Ohio Infantry. 
 
 PRESS OF WRIGHTSOX 6: COMPANY, 
 
 13 Wegl Fourth Street, Qncinnati. 0, 
 
INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 The following letters of Captain Henry Richards, of the Ninety- 
 third Ohio Volunteers, are compiled and published for the sake of 
 preserving, amongst his many friends, a memento of one who was 
 dearly loved by all who knew him, as also from a feeling of respect 
 and esteem for his manly virtues, self-devotion and true patriotism ; 
 and, further, as the means of rendering a slight tribute through 
 him (who was only "one of the many") to the virtues and heroism 
 of the common soldiers of the late war, who, leaving homes and 
 friends, and in many cases a prosperous business and brilliant future, 
 entered voluntarily and from a simple sense of duty and love of 
 country into a service which they well knew was full of the severest 
 hardships and danger, and willingly, and even cheerfully, submitted 
 to the severe discipline of the camp, subordinate frequently to men 
 of inferior capacity to themselves, but whom they obeyed, knowing 
 that upon that obedience and discipline the life of the army de- 
 pended. These letters present a vivid picture of the life of the 
 common soldier, for though Captain Richards did not serve as a 
 common soldier, he shared all their hardships and duties. One of 
 the most unselfish of men, he refused the promotion as captain of 
 another company when offered him, feeling that he should stay with 
 his company who were, at home, his neighbors and friends, and could 
 not bear the idea of leaving them to be cared for by any other offi- 
 cer, and it was only when he found that he would serve most of his 
 time on detached duty that he consented to be made captain of his 
 own company. 
 
 3 
 
_4 — 
 
 Captain Richards was born September 5th, 1823, and was the eldest 
 son of Giles Richards, Esq., who, for many years, was a prominent 
 citizen of Butler county. He, connected with T. S. Goodman, of 
 Cincinnati, built and operated in 1822 one of the first cotton mills 
 of Ohio, known as the **Colerain Cotton Mills," at Colerain, Ham- 
 ilton county, Ohio. Accumulating a competency, he subsequently 
 purchased a farm in the immediate neighborhood in Butler county, 
 where he resided until his death in 1876, devoting his time and at- 
 tention to agricultural pursuits. Henry, his son, was brought up on 
 this farni, obtaining his education at Gary's Academy, College Hill, 
 and was engaged in farming at the breaking out of the Rebellion. 
 
 In connection with Robert Joyce, now Major Joyce, of the Inter- 
 nal Revenue Department, and Isaac R. Anderson, of Ross town- 
 ship, Butler county, he organized a company in his immediate 
 neighborhood, which was mustered into service at Dayton, July 
 30th, 1862, and formed part of the Ninety-third Ohio, commanded 
 by Colonel Charles Anderson, Robert Joyce becoming captain, and 
 Henry Richards first lieutenant. 
 
 These letters, mostly written to his father, were carefully pre- 
 served by him and filed away amongst other letters as was his habit, 
 and it has, only been within the present year that the compiler was 
 aware of their existence. They were found whep casually looking 
 over a mass of old letters. 
 
 A. ^Y. G. 
 
 Elland, a, May, 1883. 
 
LETTERS. 
 
 Lexington, Kv., August 25th, 1862. 
 
 Dear Father : 
 
 I only have time to say a few words. Wq left Dayton 
 Saturday about 5 p. m. The privates were all paid off, bounty and 
 all, just as the Governor had promised. The labor of making out the 
 three different piy-rolls and one muster-roll was immense, consider- 
 ing the time for doing it, and the work principally fell on me. We 
 were the only company that were paid all at once. We arrived at 
 Cincinnati about midnight, and were marched to Covington, arriving 
 there about 2 a. m. We laid down on the board piles, cars, mother 
 earth, and wherever we pleased, without supper, and had to get our 
 breakfast as we could. Left Covington about i p. m. and arrived 
 at Lexington about two to day, having eaten nothing all day; arrived 
 at our present camp about 8 p. m. were ordered to lay down on the 
 sides of the turnpike, with a stone for a pillow, although there was 
 a beautiful grove on either side of the pike. We had not laid down 
 more than an hour when there was an alarm, one of the pickets 
 having been shot at not more than fifty yards from our company. 
 I imagine it was done to impress upon our men the necessity of 
 being prepared, and, if so, it had the desired effect. I lay asleep 
 about six feet from Col. Anderson, and was on my feet about the 
 third report of the sentinels. It w^as very amusing to see the effects 
 of this first alarm on our men. Some did not know which end was 
 up — others cool and ready for any emergency, which I did not fail 
 to observe, being — although I say it myself — perfectly cool. 
 
 Considering the alarm of the citizens here, on account of the de- 
 feat of Mitchell, only about twenty miles from here, yesterday mor- 
 ning I think our men behaved very well. 
 
 5 
 
Should our men meet with any disaster here, our State authori- 
 ties I think will be very much to blame for sending such a new-born 
 regiment into the field only partly equipped ; but we are soldiers 
 now, in earnest, and for my part I don't expect anything but a hard 
 life; the contrary would be a disappointment to me; but the men had 
 no reason to expect such a breaking in as they have had at the very 
 commencement. Your son Henry, 
 
 Co. F.^ Ohio Infantry. 
 
 Baggage not here and no ink in camp. 
 
 Camp Cheerful, September 4th, 1862. 
 
 Dear Father: 
 
 I have a few moments, while the wagon-train is getting in 
 position, to write a few lines. I call this Camp Cheerful because the 
 men are so cheerful this morning, last night being the first night's 
 rest and the first meal of cooked victuals we have eat since last Sat- 
 urday noon. We were ordered last Saturday to prepare two days' 
 rations, expecting to go to Camp Dick Robinson. About the 
 time for starting the orders were changed and we took up our 
 line of march for Richmond. We left camp after dark, and 
 marched sixteen miles by daylight Sunday morning. During our 
 march the latter part of the night we met many stragglers from the 
 battle-field of Richmond. A little after daylight we halted on the 
 hills of the Kentucky river, and sent out one company as pickets. 
 We had not been encamped more than half an hour until we saw 
 the enemy on the opposite side of the river on the hills in large 
 force. We were immediately ordered back to Lexington, having 
 rested only about two hours, and arrived there about 10 o'clock at 
 night. It having rained very hard during our march we were not 
 in a very good humor when we were ordered to countermarch two 
 and one-half miles to the farm of James B. Clay, where we arrived 
 about midnight, as wet as drowned rats, and with nothing but 
 mother earth to sleep upon. On Monday morning the baggage 
 wagons were ordered to unload everything but the provisions and 
 cooking utensils. Officers and men to take a change of clothing 
 and prepare for a march. Officers' baggage to be sent to Lexington 
 and stored. In less than an hour we were ordered to form in hne 
 
of battle, and while we were forming some one told me our baggage 
 was ordered to be burned. I left the ranks and went to see, but it 
 was too late — everything was piled up and on fire. Commissary 
 stores, colonels', captains' and doctors' baggage — everything belong- 
 ing to the regiment except what was on our backs was burned. This 
 is a fair specimen of the way things are managed here. The teams 
 went away not heavily loaded — could just as well have taken every- 
 thing as not. After forming in line of battle we marched at quick 
 time to a corn field on the farm of Henry Clay, and waited for the 
 enemy about two hours, when orders came to retreat towards Frank- 
 fort. We marched all night; rested one hour about daylight, and 
 resumed our march, arriving at Frankfort after dark, where we were 
 turned into a filthy lot — 'without anything to eat but hard bread — to 
 rest our weary limbs. 
 
 A little after midnight we were aroused and on our way to Louis- 
 ville, distant fifty-two miles, where we are at present. 
 
 September 5th, 12 m., my birthday, by the way. This march has 
 been conducted in the most unchristian and inhuman manner. In- 
 cluding cavalry and infantry we had some 10,000 men, capable of 
 making a good fight if they had been allowed the privilege. There 
 is a great lack of courage or capacity in this department. In fact, 
 it is most miserably conducted from beginning to end. Colonel 
 Anderson has been acting brigadier-general, and is sick at present. 
 If he leaves the regiment it will be its death blow, as he is the only 
 field officer having the confidence of the men. No more at present 
 from your loving son, Henry, 
 
 Crab Orchard, October i6th, 1862. 
 
 Dear Father: 
 
 I have just learned that a messenger is going to Lexington 
 in about twenty minutes and hasten to drop you a line. I wrote to 
 sister Ellen from Shelby ville. Since then we have been on the march, 
 with more or less skirmishing in front and rear, pursuing the rebels. 
 Their army is now one day's march from us, in full retreat, with, I 
 think, a fair prospect of capturing them. Had the fight at Perryvilie 
 been delayed as Buell, I learned, intended, they would have been 
 bagged there, as several divisions, including ours, were but one day's 
 
fnarcfi beMn(f. We liave an immense army liere^ now, sufficient tc? 
 gobble up all the rebels if eaugbt. We camped on the battlefield or^ 
 Saturday night. The battle was fought? on Wednesday. The rebel 
 dead were stiH unburied, hundFeds of them I saw black and stiffs 
 most all shot in the head of breast. Our forces were only about 17,- 
 000 while theirs are estimated much larger. They left in the night 
 with about threie thousand wounded, which were left at Harrodsburg, 
 afud our forces took them prisoners. Now our faces are toward 
 Cumberland Gap, and if the en^my continue in that direction wil!^ 
 follow them' on. I will write more at length the first good oppor- 
 tunity jr a& the m^essemger is ready to go. Your aifectioBate son, 
 
 HenrYo 
 
 P. S. — ■General Sill is our division commander, and General* 
 Buckley our brigade commander. Any letter sent should be directed 
 to Louisville, Ky., McCook's Army Corp&, 2d Division, 4th Brigade^. 
 (j^d Ohio Infantry^ 
 
 ' ^ ~ Lekanon, Kr., October 22id, 1862, 
 
 Bear Father r 
 
 I wrote you from Crab Orchard, and was- detailed the same' 
 day to come here with a train of wagons (our quartermaster being, 
 sick) after tents and knapsacks' that were left behind expecting 
 to find them here night before last, but the railroad is- not yet in? 
 operation — the first train will arrive to-day. I was instructed to re- 
 main here until they come. I learn from parties who left Crab 
 Orchard one day later than I, that Rosseau's Division and McCook's 
 Army Corps are' marching this way, but where going is not known,, 
 —-we think Nashville. There is great complaint among officers and^ 
 riien of General Buell. Traitor is not an uncommon epithet used in 
 Connection with his name. It does seem as if the whole rebel army- 
 could have been captured or annihilated at Perryville, if he had 
 wished it. The army suffers greatly for water, having had no rain 
 in this country for about three months. I have been obliged 
 to take my train six miles from town for water. 
 
 The army is dependent on the railroad for supplies, and no trains- 
 having FUrtfor several days- we are consequently short of rations. 
 There are probably five hundred wagon& here waiting for supplier. 
 
I hope Ohio may be spared the infliction of a hostile army 
 passing through her territory. You can have no idea of the 
 appearance of the country after an army of fifty thousand men 
 have passed through. Fences and crops destroyed in many places, 
 cavalry hcrses quartered in the front yards and fastened to the small 
 trees and shrubbery. 
 
 I am very glad to hear of Vallandigham's djfeat. Our regiment 
 was polled on election day. Schenck received over four hundred 
 votes, and Val less than one hundred. Your affe:tionate son, 
 
 HE^RY. 
 
 Nashville, Tenn., November 9th, 1862. 
 
 Dear Father : 
 
 When I wrote you last I believe I was at Lebanon, Ky. , 
 waiting for knapsacks belongmg to our regiment. They came to 
 hand in much better order than I could have expected, and I caught 
 up with the regiment one day's march short of Bowling Green. 
 
 We halted there two days, close to a stream known as Lost River. 
 It comes from the ground sufficiently strong to drive two run of large 
 mill stones, and flows about a quarter of a mile and disappears in a 
 cave, which some of our boys penetrated a distance of a mile or 
 more. I was ordered to make out pay rolls, which prevented me from 
 making any explorations. 
 
 We left for Nashville on the 3d of November, and arrived here 
 the 7th. The march was hard and dusty as usual, but water was in 
 plenty for quenching our thirst. We are now encamped on the 
 bank of the Cumberland River, about one and one-half miles from 
 town. 
 
 I have not been in the city yet, and don't know when I shall, as 
 I am entirely too democratic to go through the necessary forms to 
 get there, and yet will not violate the orders. None of the officers 
 of this company have ever asked for or had a pass to go through 
 the lines since we have been in the service, and I believe they, like 
 myself, have no inclination to gad about over the country at every 
 stopping place. We are all disgusted with the country and people, 
 and don't wish to see any more of it or them, than we are obliged to 
 in the course of our duty. 
 
— 10 — 
 
 After resting one day, our brigade was ordered this morLing !o 
 take the back track two da) s' march to Frankhn, near the State 
 b'ne, to guard our division supply train, the Louisville & Nashville 
 Railroad being in operation to that point, and Nashville is a'most 
 destitute of the common necessaries of life. Coffee, sugar and soap 
 would bring almost any price asked, the citizens having been with- 
 out either for two or three months. Potatoes bring one dollar per 
 peck, and other vegetables in proportion. 
 
 Yesterday a court martial was ordered by General Sill for the 
 division, and as I was detailed as one of that honorable" body, I 
 am left behind the regiment, which don't spite me a bit, as I don't 
 like to go over the same ground in this country twice. I will not 
 be called on for any other duty during its session, the length of 
 which is uncertain ; it m ly continue only two or three days and it 
 may last as many weeks or months, as there are said to be a good 
 many cases. 
 
 It seems to me our regiment ought to take the place of the Sixty- 
 ninth, and it ought to go into more active service, as it has had 
 ample time to drill, but it seems that the powers that be take very 
 little thought of the rank and file. The most of the boys belong- 
 ing to the Sixty-ninth from our neighborhood have been over here 
 to see us. Wilson is not very well, having rheumatism. Parker is 
 very well. Huey and Ogg are both fit for duty. Their regiment 
 has not been paid off for six months, and the boys seem very 
 anxious to get their pay and send it home. No more at present 
 from your affectionate son, Henry. 
 
 Battlefield Stone River, January 4th, 1863. 
 
 Dear Father : 
 
 I take the first opportunity to let you know that I have 
 passed through the dangers of the last six days without receiving a 
 single scratch, except through my clothes. 
 
 We left Nashville on the 26th of December, in rear of the three 
 divisions that were to advance on Murfreesboro, constituting the 
 right wing. The advance had a good deal of skirmishing on that 
 day. The next day we had the advance and the skirmishing was 
 quite heavy, but we were not deployed as skirmishers, and conse- 
 
— 11 — 
 
 quently did not get a sight of the rebels until fiear night, when a 
 few volleys set them running. It was a terrible day, raining almost 
 incessantly, and we were without tents. The next day being Sun- 
 day, and the enemy having skedaddled, we rested. 
 
 Monday morning found us on the march for this place, arriving 
 in time to give the rebels one volley by way of introduction. We 
 encamped in a very thick wood, and slept on the ground as usual, 
 and were in line of battle at daylight. We had hardly formed when 
 the ball opened immediately in our front. The regiments stationed 
 there were surprised, it seems, and gave way in disorder, retreating 
 through our lines in great confusion. They were old regiments, too, 
 and we expected better things of them. Our regiment took the 
 panic and followed suit. To have tried to make a stand just then 
 would have been folly, after three or four regiments and Willich's 
 brigade and the Iowa batteries had been forced to retreat. 
 
 On came the rebels shouting like devils, drunk with the excite- 
 ment of victory, but their tune soon changed. Rosseau's Division 
 came promptly to our assistance, and we soon checked their ad- 
 vance but it cost many lives. The fighting now became very severe 
 all along the lines. The rebs made another and another desperate 
 attempt to drive us, but of no avail. Our men were as obstinate as 
 they. 
 
 At night we had resisted every attempt to drive us back, and the 
 position of affairs was rather in our favor, but the slaughter was 
 terrible. Had not General Johnson allowed himself to be surprised 
 the result would have been very different. 
 
 Our regiment, after Rosseau came up, was not in the engagement, 
 although they were subject to a very heavy fire during their retreat. 
 Colonel Anderson was slightly wounded, and Major Martin seri- 
 ously. Two of our company were wounded in the fight; ten are 
 missing, amongst them are Alexander Johnson and A. Pickens. 
 
 When our regiment was rallied Captain Joyce, Captain Birch and 
 myself became detached from the regiment and formed ourselves 
 with about thirty men, ten or twelve of our own company and the 
 balance parts of different companies. The Twenty-fourth Ohio was 
 reforming — it also having been badly scattered, when the major of 
 the Twenty-fourth rode up and asked, " What regiment do you 
 belong to?" We answered, " the Ninety-third Ohio." Said he, 
 " do you want to fight? If so, forin with us and show what you can 
 
— 12 — 
 
 do." We did so, and advanced in an open field to within range 
 of the enemy, who opened a desperate fire upon us, which we re- 
 turned with interest. We held our ground, although the enemy 
 seemed to be far superior in numbers, for two hDurs, and under an 
 iacess:int fire of shell and musketry that seemed to make the very 
 earth shake. You can judge something of its fury when I tell you 
 that our men fired seventy-three rounds during the engagement 
 here. I never expected to get through alive, but am safe and sound, 
 as is also Captains Joyce and Birch. 
 
 William Ogg was shot dead while carrying Richard D. Shaw off 
 the field badly wounded. W. P. Lane also killed, also G. B. Kum.- 
 ler, all of our company. 
 
 The hardest fighting during the day was at this point. How any 
 of us escaped appears a miracle. The colonel and maior of the 
 Twenty-fourth Ohio were both killed. They were brave, honest 
 men, and were everywhere during the fight, encouraging and urging 
 the men. and their very presence was assurance of victory. I never 
 learned their names. Since the fight of that day no one could visit 
 the field, as it lay between the two armies, and a bone of con- 
 tention until last night. A charge wis made after dark, when the 
 rebs were completely routed, and the news to day is that they have 
 evacuated the place. There has been heavy fighting every day, 
 always in our favor. 
 
 Mrs. McNeil's boys are both well. 
 
 January 5th. We found another dead man of our company to day 
 ■ — Swain Carbon, 
 
 The rebels have gone, and our army follows in pursuit. They 
 have been badly whipped. What our next step will be I don't 
 know. Rations are scarce here. We had two ears of corn to each 
 mm issued on Friday last, that being all that could be got. We 
 have neither blankets nor tents. It has rained two nights since we 
 have been here, and no fires are allowed. So you see soldiering is 
 play. I am very well, however; not even a cold. We lost all 
 o ir blankets the first day's fight. No more paper, so must stop. As 
 ever, your affectionate son, Henry. 
 
— 13 — 
 
 Camp Drake, April 13th, 1S63. 
 
 Dear Father : 
 
 I enclose forty dollars, and would send more but fear its safety, 
 as the rebels are continually making raids upon the roads ^ ^ ^ 
 Yesterday we were ordered to strike our Sibley tents and take shelter 
 tents, which looks like preparing to move. I pay no attention to 
 rumors but judge from appearances for myself. Henry. 
 
 Camp Drake, April i6th, 1S63. 
 
 Dear Father : 
 
 A few days since I sent you forty dollars, and as we are 
 ordered to go to Salem to-m Trow with four days" rations, I enclose 
 fjrty dollars more. Silem is only about four miles from here, and 
 one brigade goes out at a time to do picket duty. Your affectionate 
 son, Henry. 
 
 Camp Drake, Tenn., June 8th, 1863. 
 
 Dear Father ; 
 
 "^Ve were paid off }-esterday, and as our sutler is gomg to 
 Nashville to-day I will get him to procure a draft on Cincinnati for 
 the amount I send home. The only risk will be between here 
 and Nashville. 
 
 I send $100 belonging to me. 
 
 I send 15 belonging to Amos McNt-i'l. 
 
 I send 15 belonging to John McNeill. 
 
 I send 30 belonging to Thos. Dungan. 
 
 I send 60 belonging to Joseph Waltz. 
 
 Total, $220 
 
 McNeills' you can pay to their father; Thos. Dungan's to his 
 wife; Joseph Waltz's to his wife; he is an acquaintance of C. Sick's. 
 
 We are receiving large reinforcements of paroled prisoners. I 
 received a letter from Charley^ yesterday. He is with the Thirry- 
 ninth Ohio at Memphis. Appearances here look towards an early 
 movement. Your aff.crionate son, Henry. 
 
 A cousin. 
 
— 14 — 
 
 Camp Drake, June 14th, 1863. 
 
 Dear Father : 
 
 Enclosed find photos of the Corps Commanders of the Army 
 of the Cumberland now here, also General Rosecrans. I wish I 
 could have had a front view of him. We like him very much. I 
 expected to send one of my own, but it got spoiled in printing. 
 General McCook don't look to be equal to the position he holds ; 
 he seems to have drawn a lucky card. 
 
 I would like your opinion of the photos and men. Hoping to 
 hear from you soon, I remain your affectionate son, Henry. 
 
 Camp Drake, June 23d, 1863. 
 
 Dear Father: 
 
 We have marching orders for to-morrow with twelve days' 
 rations, but have not the most remote idea where bound. Company 
 H, of our regiment, being without an officer, I have been put in 
 command of it, and if I consent to a promotion will be made cap- 
 tain of that company. I would much rather remain first lieutenant 
 of my own c mpany than be captain of any other, but I see that I 
 will, in all probability, be on duty away from my own company 
 most of the time, and have partly concluded to accept promotion. 
 I received youri of the 14th, for which I am much obliged. 
 
 June 24th, 4 A. M. — We are ordered to march at 6. a. m. , 
 with baggage and transportation. If we go to the front you will 
 hear of us soon, unless the rebels skedaddle. Will write when an 
 opportunity offers. Your affectionate son, Henry. 
 
 Camp on Duck River, 
 Near Manchester, Tenn., June 30th, 1863. 
 
 Dear Sister : 
 
 We left Murfreesboro on Wednesday, June 24th, under 
 orders to take and hold what is known as Liberty Gap, a pass in 
 the range of hills between Manchester and Shelbyville. Near Bell 
 Buckle we found a brigade of rebels to dispute our passage, whi( h 
 ought to have been sufficient to have held us in check, considering 
 their position; but after heavy skirmishing, amounting almost to a 
 
— 15 — 
 
 battle, in which ours and Davis' division lost about two hundred 
 killed and wounded, they were driven out. This occupied the 24ih 
 and 25 th. 
 
 During this time it rained almost incessantly, which made it im- 
 possible to get our transportation through. As the main battle, if 
 any, was expected at Hoover's Gap, on this road, we were ordered 
 to make a night march to reinforce Crittenden and Thomas ; which 
 we did in mud often knee-deep, wading a creek seventeen times 
 during the night, camping about i o'clock with no covering but 
 rubber blankets, and raining in torrents. Wiih a rail for a pillow 
 and a bundle of wheat for a bed, I slept as soundly as I ever did. 
 
 We were on our way by half past four in the morning; arrived 
 at Hoover's Gap about 3 p. m., and found Hardee's Corps had been 
 driven after severe skirmi-hing. Here Crittenden's Corps moved 
 toward Shelbyville. Thomas on this road — McCook's Corps to fol- 
 low him. We were ordered to take three days' rations and march 
 at 4 A. M. on the 28th. The roads were impassable, or would be 
 considered so by any other army, and our train did not get in 
 motion till noon. Our division was the rear guard. We were 
 ordered to make this point, but after floundering through the mud 
 and rain until 2 a. m. of the 29th, we were brought to a dead halt 
 during one of the most terrific thunder storms I ever experienced. 
 
 If you had seen the Second Army Corps at this time you might 
 have realized what soldiering is. In five minutes every man was 
 lying down in the mud and water, and in five minutes more were 
 sleeping as soundly as though at home. Perhaps you may doubt 
 this, but it is certainly true, for I being in command of Company 
 H, was called on to furnish men for picket, and did not find one 
 man awake. They were so completely exhausted that many of them 
 fell asleep in a sitting posture. We were on the march again by 
 daylight, and arrived here about 8 a. m. The rain continued to fall 
 in torrents until last night. Yesterday all knapsacks and baggage 
 not actually needed, were ordered to be sent back. The men were 
 not allowed to carry more than '''one blanket, either woolen or 
 rubber." All chose the rubber, and you may rest assured that many 
 a poor fellow in this army has reason to bless the one who intro- 
 duced them. 
 
 Each company was ordered to carry two axes, two spades and 
 one pick, and be reduced to one-half rations of bread, and be ready 
 to march at a moment's notice. This morning it is reported ihat we 
 
— 16 — 
 
 are stuck in the mud, which I think is very hkely, but one day's 
 sunshine will put us in motion again. 
 
 There is a gigantic effort being made to clear this State of rebels, 
 but the weather may retard our progress. My opinion is that they 
 are skedaddling in every direction. There is a report in camp that 
 no letters will be allowed to leave Murfreesboro for fifteen days. 
 There has been a continued storm during the last five days. Rub- 
 ber blankets keep our shoulders dry, but at night the side next the 
 ground gets wet. Our feet have not been dry a moment, and the 
 mud has no bottom^ ' . - . . i 
 
 Many have lost their shoes or worn them outj and yet at sick call 
 this morning not a single man from my company answered it, 
 although they could have been sent back if not considered fit for 
 field duty. Their trials and hardships are borne with scarcely a 
 murmur. 
 
 It seems to me that such men can never go to a very bad place; 
 at least, I have a better opinion of the Ruler of all things than to 
 suppose they will not be rewarded for their devotion to their 
 country. My health was never better. I feel as well this morning 
 as I could wish, I think I have written you several letters that you 
 have never received ; one in particular, with a butternut letter en- 
 closed, that one of our men received, as you have never mentioned 
 it. Postboy waits. Good-bye for the present. Your brother, 
 
 Henry. 
 
 TuLLAHOMA, July 4th, 1863. 
 
 Dear Mother: 
 
 I wrote you a few lines from Duck River, also a letter to 
 sister Elizabeth. We left our camp on Duck River on the ist July 
 about 10 A. M., the roads almost impassable in places even for 
 infantry. We were delayed by teams and artillery so much that 
 we did not arrive here until after midnight. The rebels com- 
 menced evacuating this place the night before about midnight. 
 They were said to have been 30,000 strong, and left in such a hurry 
 as to leave tents standing, which come very convenient to us, as ours 
 were all thrown away or sent back. I am now writing in a tent 
 marked Alabama Penitentiary ! " It is a poor one but better than 
 
— 17 ~ 
 
 none. We are now preparing the ground for a permanent camp. 
 It is said we are to remain here to hold this point. ^ >K 
 
 General Rosecrans' headquarters are here. He keeps with the 
 army, and consequently knows everything that transpires. He 
 has a movable telegraph which follows the advance, and as fast 
 as he comes up it is taken up and follows him. I was on picket 
 yesterday and saw them taking it up within an hour after he passed. 
 There is a party at each end, one to pull down, the other to put up. 
 They use light poles through cleared land and fasten it to branches 
 of trees in the woods, and it is put up very rapidly. 
 
 Our baggage arrived here yesterday ; everything saturated with 
 water — my valise almost ruined. It has rained every day since 
 we left Murfreesboro, and such rains I never saw before. I put 
 on my first washing this morning — pants, shirts, socks, handker- 
 chiefs and towels, all washed in cold water without soap. They 
 don't look remarkably white, but they are cleaner than they were. 
 There has been many times on this march that I had wished folks 
 at home could have seen us. They can form but little idea of 
 our appearance. I walked through our camp the night we arrived. 
 The men were tired and worn out, and just dropped down on the 
 ground and were asleep immediately. The peaceful looking moon 
 was shining, O! so brightly, and their haggard and care-worn 
 countenances, as they lay asleep, showed plainly what they had 
 gone through. Their courage and endurance is wonderful. ^ * * 
 As ever, your affectionate son, Henry. 
 
 Camp Von Treba, 
 Near Bellefonte, August 29th, 1863. 
 
 Dear Father: 
 
 I have not written you since we left Camp Reed, and 
 will now endeavor to give you a short description of our march 
 here. We left camp Sunday at 3 p. m., August i6th, with only 
 about one hour's notice, with ten days' rations. The weather was 
 very hot, but as usual when ive start on a march it commenced 
 to rain, which made slippery and muddy marching, but it cleared 
 off next day and we were free from dust. 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
~ 18 — 
 
 Oar camp Sunday night was on Elk River, seven miles from' 
 Tullahoma. The next day we marched through Manchester and 
 camped five miles beyond. The next day's march of twenty-five 
 miles was very severe, owing to the heat, and we reached the 
 foot of the ('umberland Mountains, on Hurricane Fork, but owing 
 to our having to diverge from our route, by reason of a pontoon train 
 blocking up the road, over the mountain, night found us no nearer 
 Bellefonte, our point of destination, than when we started in the 
 morning, with a much worse road to cross. To the top of the 
 mountain it was about 2400 yards, and the elevation about 800 
 yards, and we were ordered to reach Bellefonte by Thursday, but 
 we were just two days getting our trains to the top of the moun- 
 tain, it requiring ten mules and fifteen or twenty men to get a 
 sinGfle waggon alon^; the road. Such cuttino;, slashing; and swear- 
 ing I think never could have been heard before or since. It was 
 between Winchester and the mountains that Colonel McCook was 
 murdered last summer, and very little restraint was put upon 
 the men while in that neighborhood. A very large farm at the 
 foot of the mountain, where the division lay while the teams were 
 climbing the road, was completely shorn of everything — not an ear 
 of corn, peach nor apple, of which there was an abundance, was' 
 left. The old man, owner of the place, had some ten or fifteen 
 hives of bees which were all taken and the contents appropriated 
 / in short order, also cliickens, turkeys, geese and everything that 
 could be eaten. There are, no doubt, many who would say all 
 rebels should be treated this way by our army, but could they see 
 the demoralizing effects of such a course upon the men they 
 would be satisfied it was the worst policy that could be pursued. 
 Men must be restrained by severe discipline in an army or they will 
 soon run into excesses that will render them totally unfit for duty. 
 The desire for plunder, tear down and destroy, is one of the most 
 degrading instincts of our nature, and will soon_ destroy the use- 
 fulness of the best of troops. 
 
 After arriving on the top of the mountain we had a pleasant, 
 sandy and shady road. At every halt the men would go out in 
 the woods in search of rattlesnakes, which seemed the princi- 
 pal production of the country, and were killed in great numbers^ 
 within a few feet of the road. 
 
 The inhabitants of these mountain regions seem very ignorant,, 
 
— 10 
 
 especially the women, who all chew tobacco and dip snuff. I 
 asked one woman how far it was to the next town. She did not 
 know; she had never kearn tell. Another did not know the name 
 of the creek she was lining by-. She " had /<^c?cz/7i it called a ^r^^ 
 but never heani no name for it.''' 
 
 On Sunday night we camped on top of the mountain, and ar- 
 rived here Saturday the 2 2d, We are about a quarter of a mile 
 from the town of Bellefonte, a poor looking an-d dilapidated place. 
 The citizens all leave about this time of the year, it is said, on 
 account of sickness of the locality— fevers seem to prevail. The 
 Tennessee River is about half a mile from our camp, with very 
 high hills on the opposite side. We are in a valley, -and have 
 very heavy fogs and quite cool nights. Our camp is very pleas- 
 ant. The men have taken great pains to make themselves corn- 
 fortable, General Johnson allowing them to tear down abouj: half 
 the town and pick up all loose boards, and those that are not loose 
 soon become so; and they have built comfortable bunks, and with 
 the aid of grass and cedar boughs they are very comfortably fixed,' 
 The grounds are kept very clean, |_and fires are built night and 
 morning to keep off the damp. 
 
 Deserters are constantly coming within our lines. 
 
 There seems considerable corn growing, though I dor^'t think 
 tthere is much prospect of the rebels harvesting it. 
 
 Your son, Hexrv. 
 
 P. S. Sunday, August 3cth. We are ordered to March at 7 
 o'clock this mcrning. Don"'t know ^^here. 
 
 De Kalb Cocnty, Alabama, 
 Near tke Georgia Lixe, September 4th, 1863-. 
 Dear Father : 
 
 I wrote yeu the morning we left Camp Von Treba, and, as 
 we will lay here until noon, \\\\\ write you a few lines. We marched 
 to within a short distance of Stephenson, Alabama, where we crossed 
 the Tennessee on pontoons. It was about four hundred yards wide, 
 ;and took fifty-seven pontoons, and was put across in four hours, 
 '^Ve camped about a mile from the river, at the foot of the Jmoun- 
 
tain, on Monday night, and laid there until Wednesday morning for 
 other troops to cross. It took all of Wednesday to get one train up 
 the mountain. Ye&terday we were rear-guard of our division, and 
 had a very hard day's march, not starting until nearly noon, and 
 making about fifteen miles, the dust shoe-mouth deep. When we 
 left Camp Von Treba our destination was Trenton, Georgia, and 
 that may be our point yet, but our course yesterday was nearly 
 south, a little east, which would indicate some other point ; but it 
 may be necessary to go in this direction to get around some moun- 
 tain or other obstacle. We had another reduction of baggage at 
 the foot of the mountain, and now only three wagons are allowed 
 to a regiment, and we are evidently going to penetrate Georgia^ 
 perhaps to flank Chattanooga, where the Rebs are said to be work- 
 ing night and day on the fortifications. Nothing seems to indicate 
 a probability of our defeat, else such extensive trains as we have 
 would have been left on the other side of the Tennessee. The en- 
 tire army must be south of that river. One-half of the railroad 
 bridge at Bridgeport was destroyed, and will have to be rebuilt be- 
 fore we can go very far. 
 
 If we can get possession of the road leading to Atlanta, they will 
 have to whip Rosecrans, or their entire army will be captured or 
 scattered. If they allow us to flank them, and then make a stands 
 the fight will be desperate; but they must be in a desperate strait^ 
 though they are fifty thousand strong, as we learn. The recent 
 casligations they have had must surely dishearten them. We find 
 everything deserted as we march along, and I don^t wonder much, 
 for nothing but destruction marks our path, and I am sorry to say 
 that occasional acts are perpetrated that only fiends could be guilty 
 of. It is a great misfortune to live in the track of an army. 
 
 We are without tents again, but so long as the weather remains 
 pleasant we don't need them. They, with all extra baggage, are 
 stored at Stephenson. The men are in good health and spirits. 
 There is very little known of the intentions of the Commander, but 
 it seems to me Rosecrans is massing his forces, or going to some- 
 where at or near Rome, Georgia. 
 
 The mail will be very uncertain for some time. This will, per- 
 haps, not leave before day after to-morrow, but I thought I would 
 have it ready. Hoping to hear from you soon, I am, as ever. 
 
 Your affectionate son, Henry. 
 
»_21 ~ 
 
 September 5tli. — We moved yesterday about four miles, and are 
 encamped in a valley west of Lookout Mountain. Several thou- 
 sand cavalry left here yesterday morning on a raid. We are about 
 haif-way between Trenton and Lebanon. I have just thought that 
 this is my birthday; forty years old — past the average of human 
 life ! I have seen enough confusion during the past year, and I 
 feel like ending the balance of my life in quiet. This kind of life 
 I fear will have the opposite effect on very many who have been 
 leading a soldier's life, and I sometimes fear for the consequences 
 when the army is disbanded after this war is over. It seems now 
 that nothing but the strictest military regulations can control them. 
 
 Henry. 
 
 Chattanooga, September 2 2d, 1863. 
 
 Dear Father: 
 
 The events of the last few days have been so exciting and 
 frought with so m^iny events of interest, that I hardly know where 
 to begin, and I have forgotten when and where I last wrote you, 
 but believe it was at the foot of Lookout Mountain. Since then, 
 until last Thursday evening, when we joined the main army, we 
 were marching and counter-marching among the mountains, seeking 
 an outlet by which we could join the main body on Chickaraauga 
 Creek. We came off the mountains Thursday afternoon, and went 
 into camp about dark, after a march of nearly thirty miles. Next 
 morning we were sent to the front, and placed upon picket within 
 a few hundred yards of the enemy's pickets. There were occa- 
 sional shots during the day and night exchanged by the pickets, 
 without any injury, on our side at least. On Saturday morning, 
 there not being any considerable force in our front, we were moved 
 to a position near the left of our line of battle. Fighting had com- 
 menced before we got our position, which was about noon. In 
 half an hour our brigade was engaged, the Fifth Kentucky and 
 First Ohio in advance, the Ninety-third and Sixth Indiana support- 
 ing them. We had driven the enemy about a mile, when they 
 attacked the Fifth Kentucky on the left flank, and we immediately 
 went to their relief and were hotly engaged for about two hours, 
 when they gave back. Our ammunition was nearly exhausted, and 
 I was sent back for a supply. During my absence our regiment 
 
made temporary breastworks of logs. Our cartridge boxes were 
 hardly replenished when we heard the enemy's cry of " forward^^ 
 double-quick!" They came on with a rush, and we poured in a 
 galling fire which checked them for a moment, but another line 
 coming immediately behind, pressed us so hard that we were forced 
 back a short distance. It was during this charge that Colonel Strong 
 was wounded in the shoulder, and was carried off the field.: 
 Colonel Baldwin, our brigade commander, came up at this moment^ 
 and seeing our wavering condition and our colonel wounded,; 
 grasped our colors and shouted " forward I" and the men, taking up 
 the shout, charged widi such determination that the rebs were, forced 
 to give way, and we pursued them about two hundred yards beyond 
 our breast-works and captured two pieces of artillery. 
 
 They had another double line immediately in our front v/hich we 
 did not consider prudent to attack, and fell back to our breast- 
 works. We lay there until nearly sundown, when they attacked us 
 with, as I thought, fresh troops. We held our position until dark,, 
 when we fell back, they fohowiDg us, and the fighting continued until 
 after dark. One of our guns became entangled in the underbrush and 
 trees — it all being in heavy timber — and we lost it. Both parties 
 now retired for the night. After dark our men became a good dea| 
 scattered. We had ten killed and some sixty wounded in the day's 
 fight, quite a number missing. Next morning — Sunday — the Ninety- 
 third could muster about one hundred and twenty men for duty.: 
 We built breastworks again of logs, which proved of great ser- 
 vice during the day. About 9 o'clock the ball opened again in 
 earnest, and raged v^ith unparalleled fury until noon. Our regi- 
 ment and brigade held their position firmiy. From noon until 3; 
 o'clock we could distinctly hear the rebel officers urging their men 
 forward, but th^y could not be induced to face what they knew 
 they could not drive. 
 
 The fighting on the right and left was now terrific. Our forces 
 on the left were forced back; the right was also giving way, and 
 this completely cut us off. 
 
 Colonel Berry now ordered the First Oliio and Fifth Kentucky 
 to attack the flank of the enemy that were driving our left, which 
 they did, and opened a way for our retreat, which was made with- 
 out pursuit, although we had to pass a cross-fire of shot and shell 
 that was furious. 
 
— 23 — 
 
 Our brigade and division is highly complimented for its fighting 
 quaUties. General Johnson has reason to be proud of it. Never 
 did men hold their position with more tenacity, but I know also 
 that other divisions did as well. The rebels were not in a condition 
 to follow. In our front they must have lost largely. We suffered 
 but litde — thanks to our breastworks; only one man killed and 
 fifteen wounded during Sunday, 
 
 For some days previous to the fight I had been quite unv%^ell, and 
 but for the reflections that are almost sure to be cast upon an officer 
 who is absent from his command at the critical moment, I would 
 have gone to the hospital at Stephenson, some days before, I was 
 not able to i¥>alk, and had been riding on the ambulance for three 
 or four days. The excitement gave me strength, however, and I 
 went through the ^irst day tolerably well, but the second day my 
 energies seemed to desert me, and I frequently found myself in- 
 clining to sleep, notwithstanding the din and roar of battle all 
 around me. The order for retreat aroused me from my lethargy, 
 and I made a desperate effort to escape being captured. We fell 
 back about four miles and encamped for the night. We had scarcely 
 anything to eat for two days, and nothing to cover us at night, 
 although I captured a rebel blanket the first night, but was unable 
 to carry it in the retreat. 
 
 Yesterday morning I got permission from Colonel Berry to go to 
 the rear, and am now in the officers' hospital. A few days' rest will 
 set me all right. I feel better to-day. 
 
 . The rebels, it seems, outnumbered us very considerably. Rose- 
 crans, I hear, did not expect to fight them until Burnside's and a 
 portion of Grant's army arrived. Why they are not here is a 
 query. 
 
 Our lines are near the town, and if reinforcements arrive soon, 
 all well. Our trains are ail safely over the river, and we have 
 nothing to guard. The rebs will probably attack us again to-morrow, 
 if not to day, as they must know we are looking for reinforcements. 
 A great many come into our lines and give themselves up. I don't 
 think that the Kentucky or Tennessee troops were placed in their 
 front lines. 
 
 Lieutenant Anderson is safe. 
 
 I have not had a change of clothing since leaving Bellefonte. ' 
 
— 24 — 
 
 September 23d. — I am across the river with our train. Can take 
 better care of myself here than in the hospital. Don't be alarmed 
 about me — a few days' rest will put me all right. Ycur son, 
 
 Henry. 
 
 October 29th, 1863. 
 
 Dear Father : 
 
 I keep so little account of time that I hardly know when I 
 last wrote you, and the past three days have been so full of excite- 
 ment and interest to our brigade, and, indeed, to the whole Army 
 of the' Cumberland, that J have hardly thought of anything else 
 than that which pertains to our duty here. Our brigade is com- 
 posed of nine regiments, viz. r Sixth Ohio, Sixth Indiana, Fifth, 
 Sixth and Twenty-third Kentucky, First, Forty first, Ninety-third, 
 and One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Ohio, commanded by Briga- 
 dier General W. Hazen. On Sunday last we were ordered to 
 select 125 men from our regiment, to be divided into five squads, 
 of twenty-four men each, and one commissioned officer. Enough 
 men were selected from the brigade to make fifty-two such squads. 
 They were divided into two detachments; one commanded by 
 Colonel Wylie, of the Forty-first Ohio, the other by Major Birch, 
 of the Ninety-third Ohio, and the whole by General Hazen. The 
 balance of the regiments were commanded by Colonel Langdon, of 
 the First Ohio. The commanders of regiments were ordered to 
 select those that could be most depended upon, and who had never 
 flinched in the discharge of their duty. I had the honor to com- 
 mand one of the squads from our regiment. The desire to know 
 what was going on was intense, and speculation ran high. We 
 had been living on less than half rations for some time, and the 
 prospect of an increase of fare looked gloomy enough. The only 
 road to haul over was impassable almost, and the forage for the 
 animals so scarce that they were dying like rotten sheep. The 
 rebels held the river and two wagon roads as well as the railroad. 
 Our supplies had to be hauled a distance of sixty miles, over very 
 bad roads. By the roads the rebels held, twenty-eight miles haul- 
 ing would only be necessary. It was surmised that an effort was 
 to be made to open the short route to Bridgeport^ and to do this it 
 
was necessary to gain the opposite or southern bank of the river, 
 some two miles below Lookout Mountain. On Monday we organ- 
 ized our squads, and on Tuesday e\ening Colonel Langdon was 
 ordered to get his remnants of regiments in readiness to march, as 
 we supposed, to Bridgeport. They got started about lo o'clock 
 p. M. Our squads had no notice yet. I went to bed fully expect- 
 ing work before morning. At midnight we were aroused and or- 
 dered to march immediately. In half an hour we were off. Our 
 course was towards the pontoon bridge, where we soon arrived, and 
 found fifty-two pontoon boats ready, in which we embarked, with 
 orders to preserve the strictest silence. AVe had to run the block- 
 ade for a distance perhaps of four miles, land and storm a hill oc= 
 cupied by the enemy, some two or three hundred feet high, and 
 almost perpendicular. It was a beautiful night, the moon al- 
 most full, which was greatly against us, and as we glided silently 
 down the stream, no sound, save the occasional dipping of an oar, 
 we had plenty of time for reflection, and I presume of the 1300 
 men in these frail boats, that a single cannon shot would sink, the 
 reflections were much the same ; home and the dear ones came in 
 for a good share. The boat I occupied was about the center of the 
 fleet. We were to land at separate points, about one-fourth of a 
 mile apart. When within half a mile of our place for landing, the 
 front boats were fired upon as they were landing, which we ex- 
 ])ected would alarm the rebel camp and subject us to a heavy fire 
 when we attempted to land, as wekn-.w everything depended upon 
 our getting to the top of the bluff before daylight, and as silence 
 was now of no use, we urged our oarsmen to pull hard and make 
 a speedy landing, which was done with a will, and as the boats 
 touched the land every man sprang; ashore, and made for the top 
 of the bluff as fast as possible, and this was not very fast, I assure 
 you, the ascent being \'ery steep and rocky. However, we gained 
 the summit just at daylight, and found the top of the ridge hardly 
 wide enough for two men to stand upon, and the descent, on the 
 opposite side, just as great. The rebels, having been alarmed, were 
 making a desperate effort to climb to the summit, but we were about 
 five minutes ahead, and they were compelled to beat a hasty retreat 
 by a few shots from our skirmishers. The detachment which landed 
 below was not quite so fortunate. They had three or four killed 
 and several wounded. We took several prisoners, and they con- 
 
— 26 — 
 
 fessed it was a complete surprise, and ''a d d Yankee trick ! " 
 
 Tlie pontoons were immediately put to work ferrying over the rem- 
 nants of our brigade, which had marched to the opposite bank of 
 the river, and were ready to reinforce us. They also brought a 
 supply of plank, and by 3 p. m., of the same day, we h^id sl good 
 pontoon bridge over the river, which made our position secure. 
 
 It was a daring feat, well planned and successfully carried out. We 
 all felt much better afterwards, too. We were immediately set to work 
 building breast-works o{ logs, and by 10 a. m. felt ourselves secure 
 against any force the rebs couid bring against us. W^ left camp 
 wiihobt a morsel in our haversacks, but our boys soon found plenty 
 of corn to pirch, and some fat hogs and cattle which were quickly 
 appropriated to our use. The enemy attemp.ed to shell us out for 
 a time, but soon gave it up. Yesterday, about 3 p. m., a shot from 
 Lookout Mountain, which is less that three miles from us, seemed 
 to indicate that a force was ap})roaching from another direction, 
 and we began to prepare for friend or foe, and our suspense was 
 soon relieved by the appearance of the advance guard of General 
 Hooker's eastern troops coming down the valley. At first they 
 came very cautiously, not knowing whether we were friends or foes, 
 but when we waved the old fldg they sent up a shout that fairly 
 made the hills shake. They camped in the valley below us, and 
 we and they were soon mingling as only soldiers and brothers can. 
 Their camp fires at night })resented a magnificent sight as we looked, 
 at them from our heights ; but they were not allowed to rest very 
 long. About midnight the rebs attacked their pickets, and they 
 were called to arms. The Thirty-third Massachusetts and Seventy- 
 third Ohio made a desperate cliarge on the rebel works and drove 
 them out, losing about thirty killed and about a hundred wounded, 
 the fight lasting about three hours, and was an entire success. The 
 men had to climb a very steep hill and force them from their works 
 at the point of the bryonet. These two regiments deserve the 
 highest praise for their determined bravery. 
 
 October 31st. — We are siill occup\ing the same position as when 
 I wrote the above. We now hold the river and road to Bridgeport, 
 except about two miles between us and Chattanooga, wliere Look- 
 out Point comes to the river. We have fitted up two old steam- 
 boats. One ran the blockade night before last, and is expected to 
 return to our ponioon from Bridgeport to-day wiih rations. The 
 
1 
 
CHATTANOOGA AND SURROUNDINGS. 
 
 '■i 
 
other will probably be down to-night. We are building a corduroy 
 road across the point from our pontoon to the one opposite Chatta- 
 nooga, some two or t.iree miles, and will have a landing here which 
 \xi\\ make us independent of the blockade at Point Lookout. 
 
 Yesterday I had charge of a fatigue party at work on the road. 
 It rained all day, but nothing short of a flood would stop work 
 here. We have no tents with us, and it makes little difference 
 where we are. The rain continued last night. After wringing out 
 our blankets, we wrapped ourselves up in them and turned in. I 
 felt quite unwell when I laid down, but I went through a steam- 
 ing process under the wet bLmket, and I am all right this morning. 
 I have a prospect of going to Nashville on business for the regiment 
 soon, and, if I do, will try to drop you a bne from that point. I 
 enclose a rough sketch of Chattanooga and surroundings. Love 
 to all. From your affectionate son, Henry. 
 
 Capitol Building, 
 Nashville, Tenn., November 14th, 1863. * 
 
 Dear Father : 
 
 I left Chattanooga on Tuesday last with stores for convales- 
 cents, which I left at Stephenson, and came on here on cars in 
 search of baggage belonging to some six regiments, which was sent 
 here to be stored last summer. I don't know how long I shall be 
 here, but perhaps several days, as it is difficult to get transportation, 
 and red tape unwinds slowly. When I return I shall apply for 
 leave of absence, and come home, if possible, for a short time. 
 
 I am sitting in cousin Edward's office. He is on General Gil- 
 lam's staff, pleasantly situated, I think. When you write, address 
 me at this pbce, care Adjutant General's Ofhce, and Edward will 
 send it me. Affectionateb.-, } Our son^ Henry. 
 
 Chattanooga, February 5th, 1864. 
 
 Dear Sister : 
 
 I arrived here yesterday, but the prospect for getting for- 
 ward is not very encouraging, no person being allowed to go by^ 
 boat. 
 
— 28 — 
 
 Our regiment, I learn, is near London. 
 The weather here is very beantifui now. 
 
 My anxiety about affairs at Knoxville seems to decrease as I near 
 the place. There seems to be no alarm for that point here. 
 
 I hear that Lieutenant Isaac Anderson was wounded at the recent 
 fijht at Strawberry Plains. I sincerely hope not seriously. 
 
 I shall go for^vard the first opportunity. 
 
 Your affectionate brother, 
 
 Henry. 
 
 Knoxville, Tenn., February nth, 1864. 
 
 Dear Father : 
 
 I wrote sister from Chattanooga, not expecting to be here 
 so soon, but being acquainted with one of the sanitary agents at 
 Chattanooga, and learning that they were allowed to ship thirty 
 packages on each boat, with an agent in charge, I offered to take 
 charge of one of the shipments so that I might get to the regiment, 
 which I learn is at Lenoir, about six miles from Loudon, which ac- 
 counts for my being here. I shall go to the regiment to morrow. 
 
 The railroad from Chattanooga to this place will be ia running 
 order in a few days, except the bridge at Loudon. 
 
 From Chattanooga to Loudon by river is t6o miles. The 
 weather was very fine, and our trip was very pleasant. Our list of 
 passengers consisted of Generals Schofield and Stoneman, with one 
 aid, and Captain Sturgis, a brother of General Sturgis, a mail 
 agent, a correspondent of the Cincinnati Commercial and myself. 
 
 I hope General Sthofield will prove more efficient than General 
 Foster has the reputation of here. The Dandridge affair seems, 
 from the best accounts I can get, to have been a miserable scare. 
 It seems to me our superior officers, and more especially those of 
 the regular army, don't appreciate the courage of our citizen sol- 
 diers. Our men really want to fight, but they don't get half a 
 chance to show what they can do. From what I have seen of our 
 men I believe they will prove, under skillful and courageous offi- 
 cers, like old Zach. Taylor for instance, the best soldiers the world 
 ever saw. We have come out here to fight and to win, and we in- 
 tend to do it. I am of the opinion that after awhile, when our gen- 
 erals really know us, that you will see some ^V^z//" fighting. 
 
Knoxville has more the appearance of a northern town than any 
 town I have yet seen in the South. 
 
 Xo alarm is feU at present of an advance by the rebels. 
 
 Supplies are limited and will continue to be until the railroad is 
 finished. 
 
 Military affairs here seem to have been managed rather loosely. 
 The new commandant will have a good opportunity to show his 
 ability in securing good discipline, 
 
 Lieutenint Anderson is here. He was wounded in the sk rmish 
 at Dandridge in his left arm. Pie is doing well. 
 
 I am feeling better than when I left home, though I have not 
 been subject lately to any great exposure. I am in hopes to be able 
 soon to get assigned to some duty where I shall not be expo-ed to 
 picket duty, as I wish to remain m the servije as long as the other 
 boys of the regiment. As ever, your aftectionate son, 
 
 Henry, 
 
 Chattanooga, February 19th, 1S64. 
 
 Dear Sister : 
 
 Since I wrote you last, I have been to Knoxville and to the 
 regiment, which was encamped at Lenoir Station, on the railroad 
 leading fiom here. I found them enjoying perfect health—not a 
 man to attend sick call. I wish you could have seen them. They 
 were having good times after the hard work, and the miserable re- 
 treat from Dandridge, which was much against their wishes. Gen- 
 erals Hazen and Willich think it was a disgraceful affair. Had the 
 boys been allowed, they would have driven Longstreet from the 
 country. It's shameful, such affairs, The boys have left their homes 
 and friends to come out here to fight, and those in command wcn't 
 let them. They are not understood by those in command. Surely, 
 we all feel that this war can't be ended without fighting, and we 
 want it to begin right away. I never saw men more put out. I was 
 with the regiment only three days, and was ordered here to bring 
 up goods, and am now awaiting transportation. 
 
 Since leaving the regiment, I learned they marched the next day 
 after I left to Knoxville, and the report here to-day is, that heavy 
 fighting has been going or at Knoxville. It may only be a rumor, 
 
=^ 30 ™ 
 
 however, though I am satisfied the rebs have nothing to gain by de- 
 Liy, and if they expect to win must strike quickly. 
 
 On the cars, coming here, were quite a number of East Tennessee 
 and North Georgia refugees, and amongst them were two privates 
 of the Thirty- fifth Ohio, who were taken prisoners at Chickamauga 
 and taken to Richmond, where they were about l^eing removed to 
 some point in Georgia when they and several others managed to 
 escape and made their way through the Confederacy, coming into 
 our hnes at Maysvillc. They were three months travehng, nearly 
 the whole way at night, subsisting for six days at a time on corn 
 alone. The last half of the way they found great difficulty in 
 getting along, as they had to avoid the roads. The darkies were 
 their only sure friends, and had they not fallen in with a Union 
 man, named the ''Red Fox," who has been engaged in piloting 
 refugees and fugitives through the mountains ever since the begin- 
 ning of the w^ar, they would probably have been captured. This 
 man charges everyone he brings safely through ten dollars, unless 
 he enlists in the Union army, and if he does so enlist, he on]y 
 charges two dollars ! The rebs have tried in vain to catch him. 
 
 The mountains, in fact, are full of Union men fleeing from the 
 rebel conscript. The people of East Tennessee are different from 
 any I have seen south — much more like the northern people. More 
 even than those of Kentucky, and as loyal generally as those of 
 the north ; but they are terribly surrounded, and I fear will sufi^'er 
 before this war is over. Your affectionate brother, 
 
 Henry. 
 
 Knoxville, March 7 th, 1864. 
 
 Dear Father : 
 
 I am again here v/here the convalescents of our brigade are 
 in camp. The regiment, together with the balance of the Fourth, 
 Ninth and Twenty-third Army Corps, have gone in pursuit of Long- 
 street, and I understand found him in position at Bull's Gap. Our 
 brigade is near Newmarket. 
 
 There is a rumor to-day that hospital stewards and surgeons have 
 orders to prepare supplies for a thirty-diys' campaign, which looks 
 very much like a fight. I suppose all that are able will be sent to 
 
™ 31 — 
 
 the front, and I will be 0112 of that number, as I am much better 
 than I have been for several months. I am afraid Longstreet"s 
 forces are more than a match for what we can bring against him 
 at present, but presume the generals are posted. 
 
 I don't feel as confident of this army as I did of the Army of 
 the Cumberland; and nowhere this side of Na^ihville do matters 
 seem as well managed as when Rosecrans had command. There 
 may be better fighting generals than he. but none that I have 
 seen are equal to him in organizing and disciplining an army and 
 keeping his men together. 
 
 I received a letter from sister yesterday, of February nth, 
 the only line I have had for months. We are almost out of the world 
 as regards news. 
 
 General Hazen has come in from the front. He thinks our di- 
 vision wi.l return to Chattanooga. He leaves for Ohio to morrow. 
 
 Your SOU; Henry. 
 
 Ix a letter to his sister, under date of Knoxville, March Sth. he 
 says: "E\-erything in this Department seems to be demoralized, 
 and our division that has showed such good discipline is fast be- 
 coming contaminated. Oh. for such a man as Rosecrans. He is 
 the best manager and the best calculated to keep his men to- 
 gether of any man I have yet seen. There was some satisfaction 
 in being a soldier under him: but I am fast becoming disgusted 
 wi:h the situation of things here, but hope for the best. 
 
 My health is better than it has been since last September. 
 
 H. 
 
 Camp Xixetv-third Ohio, ^May 3d, 1864. 
 
 Dear Father : 
 
 AVe move at noon to day. I know nothing of the proba- 
 bihty of a fight, but believe we move with that intention if the 
 rebs stand. 
 
 I see by the papers that the militia of Ohio are called out for 
 100 diys, which I suppose will give brother George a chance of 
 soldiering. He should take nothing but what he can carry on a 
 
~ 32 
 
 march, though I suppose they will not have much of that to do. 
 One blanket, one extra pair socks, one extra shirt, haversack, can- 
 teen and rubber blanket, with half of a shelter tent is all he should 
 take. The pants he wears will last him. A tin plate, knife and 
 fork and spoon, tin-cup and very small tin bucket, with cover, that 
 will hold about a qunrt, to make coffee in, a little sack for coffee, 
 one for sugar and one for salt, just large enough to hold three days' 
 rations, and a small frying pan completes the outfit. He will find 
 when he carries all these with gun, cartridge-box, with forty rounds 
 ammunition, he will have a pretty good load. Nothing is better 
 than Government shoes for the march, and they should be one 
 size larger than he wears at home. Thousands are doing just at 
 this time as I am, writing to dear ones at home, not knowing but 
 it may be the last letter, but still hopeful. 
 
 We had white frost last night and it is quite cool to day. 
 The general call is sounding, and I must close. 
 
 With good bye, from your affectionate son, Henry. 
 
 Cassville, Ga., May 20th, 1864. 
 
 Dear Father: 
 
 We have just received notice that we would remain in our 
 present position for the day, to rest, which we very much need. 
 
 Since the rebels left Resacca we have not been out of the sound 
 of the musketry of our skirmishers, and deserters and captured 
 rebels have given us information that they would fight us at two or 
 three different places. 
 
 This is the last point, and we expected warm work this morning, 
 but they have left during the night, and a place called High Tower, 
 on Etowa River, is now said to be the last ditch. 
 
 I with my company, was sent out on the skirmish line yesterday 
 about noon. The forest was very dense. The undergrowth was so 
 thick it was almost impossible to see a man until within a few paces of 
 him, and seems to me a line of resolute and determined men could 
 have killed or wounded every one of us; but we drove them nearly 
 three miles without any loss, and finally charged them across an 
 open field with a yell, and drove them from behind a fence skirting 
 the woods, just as night closed in. Many shots came uncomfort- 
 
— 33 — 
 
 ably close, but a miss is as good as a mile, and we are all alive and 
 well this morning. Since the 7th of this month we have been in 
 a state of constant excitement. Not a day has passed without bul- 
 lets whistling about our heads. We were often called up at night to 
 build breastworks, or repel a threatened attack upon some portion 
 of our lines. Our men look haggard and worn-out. We have full 
 rations of pork, hard bread, sugar and coffee ; nothing else. We 
 have no clothing, tents nor baggage — nothing but what we carry, 
 and as we are obliged to carry three days' rations on our person, it 
 makes a good load for hot weather — though the nights are cold. I 
 still carry my overcoat but will be compelled to throw it away soon 
 if it gets warmer. We had reason to believe, after the active wdnter 
 campaign of our corps, and the easy times of the Fourteenth Corps, 
 which were marched only to Ringgold during the winter, that they 
 would take the advance and relieve us somewhat of the duties of 
 an active campaign in front, but we were mistaken. I feel that, if 
 not imposed upon, we are at least doing more than our share of the 
 work. 
 
 The rebels are conducting their retreat very well, and are losing but 
 little stores and not many men. I think, let them stand where they 
 may, we are able to whip them, unless they should get large re- 
 inforcements from Richmond ; and it seems to me they must give 
 up one point or the other, and Atlanta is almost the center of their 
 Confederacy, and only fifty-six miles from here. They take all 
 citizens with them as they go, leaving only a few women and chil- 
 dren behind. They must be getting pretty thick somewhere, and if 
 we and the eastern army are successful, it seems to me the end 
 cannot be far off. 
 
 Should this campaign end in a decided success, I think seriously 
 of offering my resignation, and feel it, in consideration of failing 
 health, to be my duty to do so. Your son, 
 
 Henry. 
 
 3 
 
— 34 — 
 
 Note. — This letter, by oversight, was left out of its proper place, and 
 should have been placed with the 1863 letters, as the date indicates. 
 
 Camp Read, 
 Near Tullahoma, Tenn., July 21st, 1863. 
 
 Dear Father : 
 
 I received yours and mother's of July 15th on Sunday. 
 
 We heard through the papers of the John Morgan raid and some 
 of the particulars. I supposed he had taken my horse from Colonel 
 Williamson's where I had left it. 
 
 I hope George was satisfied. He and Giles must have felt 
 cheap. The idea of taking a horse and buggy to go on a scout 
 after rebels shows a want of judgment which I would not have 
 attributed to either of them, but it may prove a good lesson to 
 both. 
 
 The boys out here don't feel much sorry that Morgan has paid 
 some of their friends in Ohio and Indiana this visit. It is a little 
 foretaste of what they may expect if they fold their hands and 
 look on. I fear it will take about two such visits a year to rouse 
 some of them to a proper sense of their duty. Many a wish has 
 been made by the boys here that such and such a one might get 
 their horses stolen and their place raided as Morgan's men know 
 how. Should there be any more such raids don't think of leaving 
 your home for a safer place, for there is much more respect paid 
 to private property when the owners are about, particularly if there 
 be women and children. If a house is deserted the soldiers are 
 very apt to plunder, and even burn it, when the presence of a 
 woman or child most always secure safety, and they rarely disturb 
 peaceable citizens. 
 
 (Japtain Joyce has applied for leave of absence with, I think, good 
 prospect of success, and if he goes home you will see him, I am 
 sure. 
 
 There is a rumor in camp that our brigade will go to Decherd 
 soon, which is some twelve mile further in advance. 
 
 The recent victories have encouraged us very much. 
 
 The weather is very warm, but we have a pleasant air stirring all 
 the time. Your affectionate son, Henry. 
 
 p. S. — I forgot to tell you before that the non commissioned offi- 
 cers and privates of Co. F presented me a few days since a beau- 
 
— 35 — 
 
 tiful sword, belt and sash, which I shall ever prize very highly, 
 coming as it does from the men of another company, from the one 
 I helped organize, and after a year's service with them. H. 
 
 Near Dallas. Ga., June 3d. 1864. 
 
 Dear Father : 
 
 As the mail is said to go out this evening, I use the last scrap 
 of |:>aper I have to say that I am well, and things are working as 
 well, perhaps, as they can be expected to. There is more or less 
 fighting along the lines every day and night, but without anvthing 
 decisive. The rebels. 1 think, are being punished the most, and 
 we stick to them very close, and there are strong signs o^" disaffec- 
 tion, by frequent desertions, though during this campaign they 
 seem more determined to fight to the last than ever before. 
 
 We are pretty well supplied with rations, the men drawmg three 
 days for four. We are all getting very dirty, having no soap and 
 S])ending most of our time in the trenches. Hoping to hear from 
 vou soon. I am Vour affectionate son. 
 
 Henry. 
 June 6th. 1864. 
 
 Dear Father : 
 
 Mail failed to brin.g me anything last night. Merelv write to 
 say the rebs left our front night before last, and yesterday we had 
 an opportunity of examining the ground of the recent fight. While 
 I am writing our forces arc getting ready to march — I suppose in 
 ])arsuit. Their position here was a stronger one than at Resaca. 
 I suppose Sherman flanked them — he always does. 
 
 Your son. Henry. 
 
 Camp Near Ackworth, Ga. . June 8th, 1864. 
 
 Dear Father : 
 
 Yours of May 30th came this evening, and as we are likely 
 to move to-morrow morning I take this opportunity to write a few 
 lines. We came here day before yesterday, and were informed we 
 
— 36-- 
 
 would possibly remain here several days, and our men cleaned up 
 the camp to-day. We are about twenty-five miles from Atlanta, 
 We expect to be in possession of that place by the 4th of July, 
 though I think we will have to fight a hard battle before then. 
 
 We have a very large force now — sufficient, it is believed, to 
 flank any position the enemy shall take, as we have been doing 
 since our advance from Ringgold. We have, of course, lost many 
 men, though I think we receive reinforcements sufficient to keep 
 up our original strength. The rebs are, undoubtedly, making des- 
 perate efforts, and they show wonderful pluck. There is very little 
 farming going on in this country — not even enough will be raised 
 to sustain the home population, if any were at home, but they are 
 not ; the whole country is deserted. Wheat will not amount to a 
 quarter of a crop, and very little corn is planted. 
 
 Your affectionate son, HExNTry. 
 
 Camp Near Mariei ta, Ga., June i6th, 1864. 
 
 Dear Father : 
 
 We are still in line of battle, though our division hns been in 
 reserve for the past four days. We suffered so heavily on the 27th, 
 that we may be favored in the next fight. I wrote to sister that our 
 loss would reach a thousand, on the 27th, but it proves to be nearer 
 1500, and mostly the work of an hour. We are driving the rebels 
 very slowly. Picket firing was kept up last night, all night, quite 
 heavy, but it has slackened a good deal this morning. Our artille- 
 ry keeps shelling them constantly, but can get no reply. Tliey are 
 said to be short of ammunition, and as we drive them we find evi- 
 dences of masked batteries, which looks a little as if they had been 
 setting traps for us, and did not like to expose their position. Our 
 Generals are moving very cautiously however. Deserters say the 
 rebel General Polk was killed by one of our shells a day or two ago. 
 I made out a semi-monthly report of Company F this morning, and 
 find the aggregate number only fifty-one. Dead and discharged, 
 forty-five — in less than two years. It looks as it but few of us will 
 be left if the war continues another year. 
 
 This has been a tedious campaign, and don't seem near over. 
 This country is almost an entire wilderness, though not quite so 
 hilly as it has been. 
 
— 37 — 
 
 We have had rain for eight days in succession, but it cleared up 
 day before yesterday. 
 
 Men and officers are neraly naked and getting lousy. Have had no 
 soap for more than two weeks, and no opportunity to wash clothes, 
 save in cold water, since we left Cleveland, May 2d, and no pros- 
 pect of any until this campaign is over, which will not be until 
 we get to Atlanta. 
 
 The nomination of Mr. Lincoln was expected by us all, and 
 very Utile comment is made. His vote in the army will depend 
 very much on the success of Grant and Sherman, Their failure 
 will divide the vote if a war Democrat is nominated. McClellan 
 has many friends here, and will get a large vote if nominated and 
 he repudiates Vallandigham and his party. 
 
 Near Marietta, Ga., June 21st, 1864. 
 
 Dear Father : 
 
 We are gradually approaching Marietta, although the rebels 
 still occupy it and seem very determined in their defense. 
 
 The last line of works we drove them from, which was day be- 
 fore yesterday, they showed more signs of demoralization than ever 
 before. Our regiment had skirmished with them until they were 
 driven into their works on the 17th. On the i8th we harrassed 
 them so with artillery and musketry that they left in the night, 
 and we picked up more prisoners in the morning than at any 
 other time — some seventy- five in our brigade front alone. They 
 only fell back about one and a haif miles, where they are now, 
 but they get no rest. 
 
 It rains all the time, but nothing seems to check Sherman. He 
 never gets mud-bound. He has been called crazy. If the same 
 crazy kind of soldiering had been practiced long ago the result 
 would have been peace before this. 
 
 There is considerable sickness, principally the result of such 
 hird service, and not serious, only needing rest to bring them up 
 again. I had thirty-three men for duty when 1 left Ringgold; 
 eighteen this morning, though seven of the number were lost in the 
 fight of May 27th. 
 
 The mail boy has just handed me yours of June 12th, with sis- 
 ter's enclosed. I am glad to hear such good account of things 
 
— 38 — 
 
 in the *' Promised Land," and only wish I was there to see it, but 
 almost begin to despair. 
 
 The roar of musketry and artillery is constant day and night, and 
 often terrific. It is not uncommon for us to change our position two 
 or three times a day. The fighting is generally late in the even- 
 ing, continuing often away into the night, to secure positions, and 
 then breastworks to build before morning. The rebels and we 
 have built breastworks enough since we commenced this campaign 
 to make a continuous line more than loo miles long. For some 
 reason they fire much less than we do, especially artillery. 
 Prisoners say they are short of ammunition. We have seen cart- 
 ridges manufactured in June, 1864, which would indicate as much. 
 Should we gain a decided victory over them before we are worn 
 out I think General Sherman is the man to follow it up. 
 
 Could you see us as we are this morning you would consider us 
 (officers and all) as objects of charity. A dirtier or more ragged 
 set you never beheld. Our living consists of hard bread, bacon 
 and coffee. I would willingly give five dollars for a peck of po- 
 tatoes, but they are an impossibility at present. 
 
 Rebel camps show evidences of scarcity. No remnants are 
 scattered about as formerly ; nothing but an occasional piece of 
 corn bread and grains of corn, where they have fed their horses, 
 which they seem to have plenty of yet. They appear to be out of 
 meat as no bones or refuse pieces are found. 
 
 With love to all, your son, Henry. 
 
 Near Marietta, Ga., June 2 2d, 1864. 
 
 Dear Father : 
 
 Yours of T2th received, and I wrote you quite a long letter, 
 enclosed it in an envelope, and put it in my memorandum-book 
 without sealing, ready for the mail. About 2 p. m. we were ordered 
 suddenly to advance, and in the little dash we made at the Rebs I 
 lost my book and the letter. We drove the enemy a short distance, 
 but they are very stubborn. They have a line of works on every 
 ridge, which are from a quarter to a mile apart. We take more 
 prisoners each time we advance. Yesterday the skirmish line in 
 front of Willich's brigade fired one shot and threw away their arms 
 
— 39 — 
 
 and came into our lines. They were Tennessee troops principally, 
 the first we have seen since this campaign begun. They are not 
 considered reliable by the rebel commanders, and are rarely placed 
 in the front. It rains every day regularly, but nothing seems to 
 stop Sherman. It is a continual fusilade from morning to night, 
 and night to morning. I think we fire fifty shots where they fire 
 one. They are probably short of ammunition. Your affectionate 
 son, Henry. 
 
 Camp near Marietta, Ga., June 28th, 1864. 
 
 Dear Father : 
 
 Nothing new since my last, only General Newton's Division 
 of our corps made a charge, and were repulsed with considerable 
 loss. We were marched out, leaving everything behind save our 
 guns and haversacks, and expected a general engagement ; but 
 when Newton was repulsed we were ordered back to camp. I sent 
 you an Atlanta paper, which one of my men got on picket this 
 morning. The rifle pits of the pickets are only a few yards apart, 
 and though it is forbidden the men to have any intercourse with the 
 enemy, the weather is so hot that both parties are too indolent or 
 too weary to shoot ; and when the officers are not watching, the 
 men on both sides get talking, and will meet each other half-way, 
 and trade tobacco, coffee, papers, etc., and have a chat, but a shot 
 from either of the lines near them causes them to scamper back to 
 the rifle pits in double-quick time. No more at present. Your 
 son, Henry. 
 
 Camp in the Field, 
 Near Marietta, Ga., July 3d, 1864. 
 The rebels evacuated their position last night, and we are 
 ready and waiting orders to follow them. I visited their works 
 about daylight this morning, and witnessed the most sickening sight 
 I have seen during the war. Immediately in front of the works 
 which we moved to last night, and previously occupied by the 
 Fourteenth Corps, there had been two successive charges by the 
 
— 40 — 
 
 rebels and one by our men about a week ago. The rebels were 
 allowed to get within ten feet of the works before a gun was fired. 
 The effects of the firing then were terrible. The dead still lay on 
 the top of the ground in heaps — many of them falling against the 
 embankment. Neither party dared to leave their works to bury 
 them. Probably they thought that the stench would drive our men 
 from their position. It was awful, and had they not left last night 
 we would have had to endure it as it was immediately in our front. 
 That you may judge the number of shots fired, the top logs of their 
 works, generally about eight inches through, were entirely shot 
 away, so that it was necessary to put on new ones, and large chest- 
 nut trees, that screened their sentinels, were wilting from the effects 
 of bullets. 
 
 In front of their works they had guards made by taking a sapling 
 and boring two rows of two inch holes, with sharpened stakes 
 through them a few inches apart ; also, sharpened stakes projecting 
 from their works. It was the strongest position, and best fortified^ 
 I have yet seen, and if we did not outnumber them largely, which 
 enables us to flank them, they could not have been taken. 
 
 2 p. M. — We have halted for dinner south of Marietta. Heavy 
 cannonading in front — perhaps four or five miles. All sorts of ru- 
 mors afloat, one of which is, that our cavalry is in Atlanta, and in- 
 fantry across the river. It is premature, I think. 
 
 Mv congratulations to Mrs. M. when you see her. 
 
 While you were enjoying the marriage feast, on the evening of 
 the 23d, I was groping in the darkness, after the fight, looking up 
 wounded and dead men of our regiment. Your son, Henry. 
 
 Camp Ninety-third O. V. I., 
 On Chattahoochee River, July nth, 1864. 
 
 Dear Father : 
 
 We moved four or five miles yesterday up the river, and I 
 suppose will cross to-day. The Twenty-third, and part of our corps, 
 are already across. 
 
 We hoped when the rebels crossed the river the campaign would 
 end for the present ; but no sooner had they evacuated their 
 works on this side night before last, crossed and burned the rail- 
 road bridge, than we were on the march. 
 
— 41 — 
 
 We now constitute a part of what the rebels call Sherman's 
 Flanking Machine. 
 
 The work of the army is very unequally divided, and I think 
 Thomas is very partial to the Fourteenth Corps, giving them all 
 post and garrison duty and less of the fighting than any other 
 corps in this Department. There is much grumbling among offi- 
 cers and men on this account, and when this campaign does end 
 there will be more resignations offered than ever before from this 
 corps. When General Baird's Division relieved us yesterday the 
 feeling was manifested by the men calling them Thomas' pets, and 
 saying there's no danger here boys ; hold this position till we drive 
 them away again, and build works, and then you can move up 
 again. The boys will have their joke ! Your son, Henry. 
 
 Camp, Chattahoochee River, July 14th, 1864. 
 
 Dear Sister : 
 
 Yours of 6th, dated at EUand, came safely to hand. 
 We expected to make a reconnoisance in force to-day, but the 
 order has been countermanded, and I devote a part of the day to 
 you. 
 
 We are now on the south side of the river, and can see Atlanta 
 from our camp, distant ten or twelve miles. Looking over the 
 country it seems to be covered with heavy timber. 
 
 There has been unusual quiet along the whole line for several 
 days, and but little resistance offered to our crossing the river. It 
 seems strange after such a stubborn resistance at all other points. 
 
 I received a letter from brother George a few days ago, and am 
 not surprised to learn that he would be glad to be home again, and 
 I think a hundred days will effectually cure him of soldiering, and 
 do hope he may pass safely through. The greatest danger is in 
 the first battles, as he will not know how to take advantage of po- 
 sitions and screen himself, but it is more than probable that he will 
 not get into a fight. 
 
 Political affairs north don't look encouraging and financial mat- 
 ters no better. You may think I am becoming less patriotic ; per- 
 haps I am. Two years of such service and such results certainly 
 has a tendency that way. When I became satisfied that the ad- 
 
— 42 — 
 
 ministration had adopted the policy of universal emancipation, 
 without quahfication, in the seceded States, I felt that it had un- 
 dertaken a contract which could not be carried out, and should 
 Mr. Lincoln be defeated, it will undoubtedly be canceled. A man 
 of the Vallandigham stamp can't be elected ; but some other 
 shrewder and less objectionable Democrat, that will prove equally 
 as dangerous, may be. But you must excuse all this. Our vision, 
 out here in Dixie, may not be a very broad and clear one ; but still 
 we must look, though we do not see much perhaps. 
 
 I guess father thinks because I was scarce of paper once that 
 I am all the time, for he sends me a sheet in every letter he 
 writes. As ever, your affectionate brother, Henry. 
 
 Powers' Ferry, 
 Chattahoochee Rtver, July i8th, 1864. 
 
 Dear Father : 
 
 We have been resting a few days, but are ready this morn- 
 ing for a forward movement. 
 
 Yesterday our division went down the river about four miles and 
 assisted the Fourteenth Corps in crossing. There was but little 
 opposition offered. 
 
 The rebels are said to be about four miles in our front intrenched, 
 which I suppose we will know more about before night. 
 
 The final struggle for Atlanta cannot be very far distant. I have 
 no doubt of ultimate success, but don't know at what sacrifice. 
 
 I received a letter from brother George. I judge one hundred 
 days will cure him of soldiering. It is just long enough for him 
 to become heartily disgusted. A longer term he would become 
 more reconciled and like it better. Henry Richards. 
 
 Before Atlanta, August 13th, 1864. 
 
 Dear Father : 
 
 I believe the last date I received of yours is July 23d. You 
 speak of taking a $1,000 Court House bond. I wish I could send 
 my money home, but we have not been paid for nearly eight months, 
 and when we are paid I presume we will only get paid for four. 
 
— 43 — 
 
 We have no use for money here, as there is nothing to buy save to- 
 bacco, and as I only smoke, a very Uttle does me. We have had easy 
 times since we have been here, and not much exposed to danger. 
 Occasionally a sixty-four pound, shot is dropped in our lines, but it 
 rarely does any harm, and only causes the men to shout a defiance. 
 There is scarcely a moment that the heavy boom of cannon is not 
 heard somewhere on the line, and the picket firing is incessant. 
 Our regiment is on picket every six days, and fires about 8,000 
 rounds in the twenty-four hours, at a cost of about $136 to the 
 gover ment. The length of line we occupy is about 300 yards. 
 The whole line is not less than ten or twelve miles long. The 
 heaviest fighting is on the extreme right. vVe are making an occa- 
 sional demonstration to attract their attention. We have news of 
 the capture of Mobile, which is good if true. * * * 
 
 Should any accident befall me, I suppose some one will be kind 
 enough to acquaint you with it, though everything here is just like 
 business at home. No one makes any particular preparation for 
 disaster here any more than there. Perhaps I may be singular, for 
 I have felt confident in every engagement that I would get through 
 all right, and I don't like to admit of a doubt now by making any 
 requests. Maybe I am a little superstitious ; if such ts the case, I 
 can't help it. I am acting on a court-martial now, and if we were 
 at Atlanta I presume [ should be very pleasantly situated, as it 
 may last for several weeks. Your son, Henry. 
 
 Before Atlanta, Ga., August 25th, 1864. 
 
 Dear Father : 
 
 We are preparing to move, but have no positive orders. 
 The court-martial 1 was on'were ordered to adjourn, and the artil- 
 lery is being drawn otT from the front. I know nothing of the ex- 
 tent or direction of the move, but as fifteen days' rations and forage 
 are ordered, I presume we are to cut loose from our base, but Sher- 
 man knows his business, and I have faith in his plans, and I heartily 
 endorse his sentiments in the enclosed letter. How any man can 
 satisfy his conscience and sense of duty by securing as his substitute 
 an ignorant black man, taken from the southern plantations, when 
 the very life of his country and friends is at stake, is mor-e than I 
 can understand. 
 
— 44 — 
 
 We are now, I think, approaching the most critical period of the 
 war. Our armies are being reduced by expiration of terms of 
 service; a Presidential election, with rather more than its usual ex- 
 citement; a draft to be enforced, together with wide-spread dissat- 
 isfaction, encouraged by a large party at the North, and who, in 
 many places, are boldly advising open resistance to the enforcement 
 of the laws — cause us fellows out in the front to think very seriously 
 of affairs. We have had some experience in soldiering now, and 
 know we can hold our own, and our eyes are turned to the 
 North. There is really where this battle is being fought. A loyal 
 spirit manifested there by the people to the government and this 
 army, will give us renewed energy; and, with John Brown's spirit, 
 the army will be ever found marching on. 
 
 We have just received orders to withdraw at midnight, and I 
 must close. I would like your opinion at length on the present 
 state of affairs at home. I must confess I feel uneasy, but really 
 hope my fears are unfounded, and that our people at home, taking 
 the army as their guide, will rally around the flag, and give the sol- 
 diers their undivided support. There is only one way out of this 
 thing, and that is by the overthrow of the Rebellion. The people 
 of the North must see this, and act accordingly, or they and the 
 whole country are gone. As ever, your son, Henry. 
 
 Atlanta, Ga. , September 25th, 1864. 
 
 Dear P^ather : 
 
 Yours from Iowa was received yesterday. I have not writ- 
 ten home since we arrived at Atlanta. 
 
 We are pleasandy situated about three miles out on the road to 
 Augusta, with no rebs in our front, at least none to hurt. 
 
 There is nothing new here, and no movement is likely for some 
 time yet, I presume. 
 
 We have just received the news of Sheridan's victories, which 
 is glorious news; also an order to mike out payrolls for eight 
 months, which is also good news, as we are flat broke. 
 
 I was notified a few days ago that 1 would be sent, with other 
 officers, to clean out and bring up men who are in hospitals and are 
 fit for duty. There are many kept there by officers, because they 
 
— 45 — 
 
 want a command, and if the wards are not kept full tiie camp and 
 hospital is broken up, and they will be obliged to go to the front, and 
 many of them prefer that their duty should " take any shape but 
 that," hence they will not send one man away until another comes 
 to take his place. If I am sent my duties may take me as far north 
 as Cleveland, O.. and I may be able to give you a flying visit. 
 
 I have an application ready to forward asking for a change of 
 duty during the fall and winter months, as I feel that I shall not 
 be able to stand a winter campaign. If not successful in that I 
 shall be compelled, I fear, to offer my resignation, as my health is 
 failing fast. Your son, Henry. 
 
 Big Shanty, October loth, 1864. 
 
 Dear Sister : 
 
 It seems an age since I have heard from home. Commu- 
 nication has been so interrupted of late that we begin to despair 
 of getting another mail, but we have just been notified that a mail 
 would go out at 3 o'clock — it is now 2 p. m. — and tliat we may 
 expect a mail to-morrow. 
 
 It will be several days before the railroad is fully repaired, it 
 having been pretty effectually destroyed for many miles. We left 
 Atlanta on the 2d to head off the rebs and prevent the de- 
 struction of the road, but were one day too late. We are now 
 about twenty-four miles north of Atlanta, and will remain about 
 here until the road is finished. 
 
 My health is still very poor. I called on General Wood about 
 ten days ago and showed my certificates from our surgeon and 
 asked his approval to my application for a change of duty during 
 fall and winter. . He was very polite, but advised me not to 
 think of doing so, and said if he was in my condition he would 
 tender his resignation at once ; and I believe I will. I am not 
 sanguine of its being accepted, however, as I know of one being 
 returned from an officer who had equally as strong a certificate 
 as I can get. 
 
 Hoping to-morrow's mail may contain letters from home for me, 
 I am, ,as ever, your affectionate brother, Henry. 
 
Officers' Hospital, 
 LooKoui Mountain, October 20th, 1864. 
 
 Dear Sister : 
 
 I merely write to let you know where I am, as I wrote a few- 
 days ago from the regiment saying I was not well. I dirl not 
 think I would be in the hospital so soon, nor would 1, but all con- 
 valescents and sick, not fit for duty, both biped and quadruped, 
 were ordered to Chattanooga, and you may well believe we made 
 the sorriest looking caravan that was ever seen from this army. 
 We were sent without any guards, for Sherman well knew Hood 
 nor any of his commands would not care to take us. I am very 
 tired and literally worn out, otherwise I don't feel as poorly as I 
 did when I wrote you last. 
 
 The army has turned southward, after following Hood within 
 ten miles of Tunnel Hill, and Lord knows when Sherman will 
 stop his pursuit. It is the intention to subsist the army upon the 
 country. Sherman has the entire confidence o( the men, and is 
 certainly a man of rare ability, and makes but few pretensions. 
 Has no staff, or at least I have never seen more than one officer 
 with him at a time, and looks rnilitary about as much as father 
 would, and rides a horse as carelessly. I should be glad if we had 
 more generals as crazy as he. 
 
 I forgot to say I left the army the i8th and arrived here to day. 
 
 Hoping to hear from you soon, your affectionate brother, 
 
 Henry. 
 
 Officers' Hospital, 
 Lookout Mountain, November ist, 1864. 
 
 Dear Sister : 
 
 Yours of the 25th received day before yesterday. I in- 
 tended writing father yesterday, but was so occupied in watching 
 our corps as it came into the valley below us that I did not get time. 
 I have not learned where they are going, but rumor says to guard 
 the railroad between Stephenson and Athens. If so, I think I will 
 try and go with them, although I am not fit for active field service. 
 Still I would rather do garrison duty than stay here. This is a 
 most beautiful place, commanding the grandest views, and an 
 
— 47 — 
 
 excellent place for very sick men, but convalescents would enjoy a 
 little more life, such as is plainly visible below : but I must not 
 complain. It is, I know, the best the Government can do for us. 
 I go before the medical board this afternoon for examination ; was 
 before them last Monday, but a decision has been deferred until to- 
 day. They seem to think it strange I have never been in the hos- 
 pital before, and, I suppose, had I shirked duty more, and had a 
 better hospital record, it would be an advantage to me in their eyes. 
 It appears very difficult for truth and honesty to get a hearing, and 
 when I come to think of it, it is not very remarkable. The doctor 
 attending me is a very good physician, ana a gentleman in every 
 way. I take only simple remedies. He suggested Croton oil, but I 
 objected, and he did not insist, and this morning asked if I would 
 take cod liver oil. I told him I would try it. But I could only 
 hand it to the nurse, and tell him to say to the doctor that it or I 
 must leave the room, as the smell was more than I could stand. A 
 lieutenant occupies the room with me, who has been suffering for 
 more than a year, and unfit for duty most of the time. He has 
 offered his resignation time and again, but, until recendy, without 
 avail : but since I cam_e here it has been accepted, but alas ! too 
 late : poor fellow, he can live but a few days. But it is nearly time 
 for me to appear before the wise men, and I must close. Don't 
 think of coming here to me, as it could be of no use, and exceed- 
 ing difficult for you. As ever, your affectionate brother, 
 
 Henry. 
 
 Captain Richards finally succeeded in obtaining his discharge 
 December 2 7th, 1864, and returned home, a broken-down and worn- 
 out man. He had always been subject to bronchial troubles, and 
 the exposure of the last two years wore out a constitution, seem- 
 ingly strong, but in which consumption was an hereditary malady. 
 
 He returned to the old homestead, at Elland, and after various 
 stages of hopefulness and doubt, sank at last to rest, on the 18th 
 of August, 1865, and was buried in the family cemetery, at Elland. 
 
— 48 — 
 
 To his acquaintances and friends, for whom more particularly 
 this compilation is made, nothing need be said by way of eulogy 
 of Henry Richards. 
 
 " Little did he crave 
 '* Men's praises. Modestly, with kindly mirth, 
 " Not sad nor bitter, he accepted fate, — 
 "Drank deep of life, knew books and hearts of men, 
 " Cities and camps and war's immortal woe; 
 " Yet bore through all (such virtue in him sate 
 " His spirit is not whiter now than then !) 
 " A simple, loyal nature, pure as snow."