George Washington Flowers Memorial Collection DUKK UNlVKRSn V I.IHRAKV EtTAaUIHEO lY THE rAMitv or COLON F.I. » LOWERS Trcaauie Houi REGULATIONS ADOPTED FOR THE PROVISIONAL FORCE OF THE TENNESSEE VOLUNTEERS, TOGETHER WITH THE ACT OF TEXXESSEE LEGISLATURE OF 18G1, OKGANIZIXG SAID PROVISIONAL FORCE. NASHVILLE, TENN: J. O. GRimTH ^ CO.. PRINTER'', fXlON AND AMEiUCAX OFFICE. 18(31. INDEX, A. ABSENCE. No. ol paragraph. leave of, not to be granted to officers on tendering their resignations, unless 29 leaves of, to officers 170 to 181 temporary leave of, officers on, not deprived of their fuel and quarters 975 leave of, officers on, not entitled to transportation, TThen 1002 ■without leave, officers on, not to receive pay, &c 1182 ACCOUNTS, supervision of, &c 891 to 958 of money and property to be rendered to 936 to be endorsed by 9.37 suspended 938 to be rendered in Quartermaster's Department to the Quartermaster-General 1052 to be rendered in the Commissariat to the Commissa- ry-General 1097 physician's, of pay, to be sent to 1146 pay, not to be transferred, &c 1173 to be rendered (o the Paymaster-General ..1207 to be rendered to the chief of the corps of Engineers and Topographical Engineers 1219 to 1224 to be rendered to the chief of Ordnance 1268 to 1273 to be rendered by officers on recruiting service 1338 AD.TUTANT. how appointed 71 affidavits may be tnltcn bcforo 925 AraUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMP:NT, officers of the, though eligible to command, not to as- sume command except, &c 14 44.'5;)8i i V INDEX. ADJUTANT-GENERALS DEPARTMENT, No. of psrapraph. resignaiion? to be forwarded to Adjutant-General '25, 26 A....... ......933 BOOKS, for record of artillery practice rifi, 57. 58 reffimental '^'■^ pout ^J company 123 how obtJiincd l'>_"> char(rc for printing not allowed 1100 for medical officers page 251 . to be kept by officer in charge of the construction of permanent works 1 "JJi'i to be kepi by Ordnance officers 1 227 blank, for recruiting service, how obtained, &c 1825 to 1032 BRKVKT, rank, lakes effect when 10, 11, 1175 pay, when allowed 1 1 7i't C. CAMr?, formation of, &c 4811 to 538 troops in. to be exercised 540 CANTONMENTS, f.irmation of, &c 530 to 544 CAPTAINS, iiiuil servo with their companies 70 of companies, duties of **5 to 126 to forward certificate of disability iu case of 1C3 CAHliS. dinbursing officers not to bet nt S98 CASUALTIES, • riMwrns of --- -.453 CERTIFICATE of disability to be sent, i:c 1«j3. 104 blank, to be in charge of the company commander 107 uppHcaliouB for a leave of absence on account of sick- ness, to bo accompanied by .....179 medical, to bo forwarded. I'^iO INDEX. Vll CERTIFICATE Ko. or i.aiapraph. to private servants 763 to laundresses 70 1 of attendance on a court 1027 of merit, pay due on, commences 1189 CHAPLAINS selected by, &c 201 how paid 1167 when pay ceases to be reported to 1201 CLOTHING, how supplied, allowance, &c 1031 to 1050 articles of, issued to recruits 1317 COLORS, description of 1369, 1370,1371 COMMAND, officer highest in rank to 7 officers of Engineers, Ordnance, &c., not to exercise.. 12, 13,14 succession in.. i 15, 10, 17, 18 according to brevet rank 1176 appropriate to grades 1177 COMMANDING OFFICERS, temporary, not to annul standing orders 18 to forward reports of target practice 66 of regiments 71, 73, IW, 1362 of companies 85 to 126 of divisions, &c., in the field 47G, 477 of districts or departments shall require abstracts, &c. , to be rendered 050 to enforce a rigid economy in public expenses 949 may order issues of clothing to 1050 not to forfeit allowances when 1181 to make a report to the chief of Ordnance when 121-5 COMMISSARY DEPARTMENT, officers of, though eligible to command, aot to as- sume the command except, &c 14 senior Lieutenant, holding the appointment of As- sistant Commissary of Subsistence, entitled to per- form the duty 36 officers in, to give bonds 891 duties of, see Art. xlii. forms in page 21 o to 241 Viii INDEX. COMPANI ES Ko. of iwrnprnph. Ukc place in bafallion according to vn»vd Willi 338 DRl'MS. how J Riiiici an-l inarkcil 108 E. ESCAMI'MKNT, order of, for infantry 50G to 511 cavalry 515 to 527 artillery 5118 to 530 EXOINEEllS, officers of, not to assume, nor to be ordered on duty other than, &c 12 officers of, though eligible to command according to rank, not to asi^ume command unless, &c 14 officers of, assigned to head-quarters of armies, &c 478 chief of, in the field 480, 481 during a siege 777, 794, 810, 812, 817 corps of, duties of, &c 1-11 to Vlll ENLISTMENTS to bo taken in triplicate l-'ll EQUIPAGE, allowance, care, &c.,of cnnip and garrison 1031 to 1051 ESCOHT8 of honor 2"U to 204 funeral 207 to 292 EXCHANGE AND TKANSFKK of officers 30, 3 1 of woldiorft 1 1 1 i o 114 EXTIlA-DrTV, coDipcnsfttion for soldiers on 8S3 to S'JO rolls for 1028 soldiers cuiployeil in Commissariat to bo paid the reg- ulated allowance 1096 1'. FLAGS, dcccripiion of 13G8 FLAG OF TRUCE. caution to b« observed respecting bearers of 030 INDEX. XI FORAGE, No. of i.arai.'iai.h. allowance of, &c 1010, 1011, 1012 FORMS of Quartermaster's Department page 137 to 205 Subsistence Department " 214 to 241 Medical Department " 254 to 283 Pay Department " 300 to 312 Corps of Engineers and Topographical Engi- neers " 31G to 3ol Ordnance Department " 372 to 420 Recruiting Service " 433, 434 FORMS OF PARADE, dress parade, review, &c 325 to 3'*8 FORTIFICATIONS, care of 38 to 49 care of, armament, &c 5 to 54 FUEL, allowance of 903 for mess-room 9G6 not consumed, to be returned 967 increase of allowance 908 issued only in the month for which due 9G9 when commuted 974, 975, 976 FUND, post 190 to 1% regimental ., 106 company 197, 198, 199 public, not to be expended for the purchase of any land, unless 955 turned over by one paymaster to another to be enter- ed in 1202 for recruiting service, how obtained .1288 FURLOUGHS to enlistmcn 182 to 184 FURNITURE, mess, for soldier in the field 117 for soldiers' barracks 978 for each officer 979 will be provided for officers' quarters whcn« 980 Xii INDEX G. G EN'KR AL POLICE No. of ivimprnph . in cnm]i "62 to 768 GCAKI» MOUNTING, form of 365 to 388 GCAKDS. to he relieved every twenty-four hours 3G5 where organized 3GC, 375 dulieB of 380 to 121 form of report pngc 55 in cnmp 510, 511, 523 police, duties of, &c 5G4 to 583 picket, duties of. 584 to 502 prnnd 603 to 033 ndvancc and rear, composition of. - 70,071 advanced, may be posted to aid the pursuit 704 for trains 7->7 in a siege, in case of a sortie, duties of , ^'■^•' on transports ^'■^^ GUIDONS, ■Ipscription of 1373 ir. HAVLIISACKS will be marked 107 to be searched 078 HONOllS, to whom given 227 to 247 HoluteH 248 to 200 cKoortH 261 to 264 funeral 206 to 292 paid by guards in camp 569 not to be |>aid by frooi>s on the march 003 not to be paid in tiie trenches 801 H(iR8i:s, i-are of, on transports 857, 858, 859 lobebrandeil 018 incurably unfit for any public service 926 of officcrit, which are to be transported, to be authorized by. 993 mounted ofiicers may purchase from among the pub- lic horses, when, i's:c » , 1030 of mounted officers, to be shod by 1030 INDEX. XIU HOSPITAL STEWARDS, Xo. of i.aragraj.h. allo-wancc of, to hospitals 1132 how appointed, &c 1158,1159, 1160, 1101 HOSPITALS, issues to nnd purchases for 1073, 1074, 1075 how supplied with medical stores 1105, 1107 duties of senior medical offi-f 1115 to 1120, 1122 to 1126, cers of \1128toll31, 1138, 1139, 1159 attendants of 1132 INDIANS, issues to 1077 INSPECTION of troops 293 to 309 of hospital, quarters, &c 310, 311, 312 313 of books and accounts 314, 315 reports will show, &c 462 reports of stores reported unserviceable &27 of public buildings will be made 982, 983 of armories and arsenals to be made annually 1246 tours of, by superintendents of recruiting service, will be made only 1200 INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT, oflSccrs of, though eligible to command, not to asr sume unless 14 reports of inspection will show the discipline of the troops, &c 402, 403 Inspector-General to examine military stores report- ed unserviceable 027 ISSUES, how made, regulated, &c 1072 to 1080, 1088 JUDGE ADVOCATE of a court-martial, duties of 871 to 8^'2 per diem to 1025 L. LAUNDRESS, allowance of, per company 12i price of washing by, how fixed 125 debts due the, how collected 126 following the army, to be furnished with a certificate 764 XiV INDEX. LAUNDRESS, Ko. ol immprnph. Mparatcil from company, may draw rations when 1070 ralion of page 1212 mcliral at tendance upon 1133 uuouni due, from deserter?, to be mentioned on mus- ter-roll 1185 LEAVE OF ABSENCi: not to bo granted when a post will be left without n commiusioncd officer 170 when to commence 171 who may grant 17- limif of - 17- application for, to be endorsed by 173 commander of a post to report on leaving 174 LIEUTENANTS holding an appointment of Assistant-Commissary of fiubsistcnce 30 tu assist the Captains in the performance of all com- pany duties 86 MARArDINQ forbidden 7G8 MARCHES, arrangements for, &c 0G8 to 098 MEMCAL DEPARTMENT, officers of, not to exercise command except lo officers of, not to be put in arrest 21 1 " .IS of, having charge of hospitals, to inspect 2'J4 !>• of, oil transports, duty of 863, 854, 856 « iiief of, lo regulate tho employment of hired persons requiBlle for 893 of the lltlJ to 1161 >* of retunis, .^.> 254 to 283 MESS, foldiers' Ill to 117 on tranwports 840 rooms, alia wancc of 900 MILEAGE, when an officer is entitled to 1003 MILITARY ACADEMY, graduates of, arc appointed to vacancies in the army 22 INDEX. XV MILITIA, \o. of paraprapli. requisitions for, bow made 1570 to be mustered by an officer of the regular army 1580 duty of mustering officer 1581, 1582, 1584 general staff officews of, not to be mustered in 1582 duty of officer must ering out 1583, 1 584 muster of, •with a view to payment 1585, 1586 to be paid by Paymasters of the regular army 1587 MUSTER-ROLLS, how made 323 where sent 324 to be accompanied by a letter of transmission 443 MUSTERS, by whom made 317, 318 to be preceded by inspection, &c 310 form of, &c 320 to 322 N. KON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, how appointed 71, 72 how reduced 75 be sent to the guard-house 74 "urnishcd with a warrant of rank 70 mand of squads, responsibility of 00 be employed in any menial service 122 ed Ordinance Sergeants to be dropped, &c 134 lO be transferred from one regiment to another except, &c 141 duties of, when in action 715 who were recommended for promotion to brevet, to receive additional pay 1100 may re-enlist in company or regiment within two months, &c 1313 O. OFFICERa, how appointed and promoted 10 to 23 resignations of 21 to 20 exchange or transfer of 30, 31 general, to appoint their own aids-dc-camp 33 in temporary command, not to alter or annul sc dropped from company rolls 134 bow assigned to posts 130 how mustered and reported 139 duties of 13.5, 136, 137 to appear under arms 188 may be re-enliBted, not discharged 131 XVIII INDEX. ORDNANCE 8EH0 HANTS, No of paragraph. caution lo officers in recommending 132 how paiiiyiiient to be witnessed by 1166 Htoppapes to be noted. &c 1187, 1188 of militia to be according to form 1209 POLICE in quarters 92, 93, 94 INDEX. XIX POLICE, No. of paragraph. in camp •'jf'8 general 702 to 768 on transports 839, 842, 844 to 857 PO.STAGE, public, will be refunded 1029 POSTS, intrenched G34 to 639 PRECEDENCE, of officers and non-commissioned officers 4 to 13 of troops on parade 471, 473 ■when two corps meet on the same road, &c 696, 697, 698 PRISONERS OF WAR, return of, to be made 460, 726 to be disarmed .■...726 private property respected 727 exchanges and release of, depend on 728 PROMOTIONS of officers 19, 20 PUBLIC PROPERTY, MONEY AND ACCOUNTS, return, supervision of, &c 891 to 958 PUBLICATIONS, what character of, prohibited 210 Q. QUARTERS, allowance of 963,965, 966 allotment and selection of 970to 973 commutation of 974, 975, 976 how obtained 977 furniture for, will be supplied when 980 when vacated, to be inspected by 985 QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT, officers of, though eligible to command, not to as- sume command unless, &c 14 duties of. performed by, during the absence of Quar- termastcr-Gcncral 16 duties of. in the field 493, 494, 495, 710, 719, 720, 722 officers of, have charge of baggage trains 764 officers of, lo give bonds 891 chief of, to take care that no more funds than arc needed are ia the hands of any officer of (he de- partment P93 XX IKDEX. QDARTERMASTFR'8 DEPARTMENT, No. of p«««rmph. chief or, lo rotrul-ilc the employment of hired per- •on« required for the administrative service, &c~ 912 chief of, todenignate where purchases shall be made 939 duties of the 959 to 1058 to cijpply store-room 1< 66 to jTocuremedicnl cupplics when 1107 forms for page 137 to 206 R. RANK, officers and non-commissioned officers 4 officers of same dale of commission 5 officers having lirevct commissions, &c 6 officers serving by commission from a state 9 brevet, takes eflfect only 10, 11, 1176 of regiments and corps 471, 173 RATION, forage 1010 soldier's, composition of 1009, 1071 of men absent from company 1081 back rations may be drawn if, &c 1090 may be commuted when 1091 commuted value of 1091, 1093 to persons employed with the army page 212 double, are allowed to 1 179 price of, to be placed on certificate 1 196 savings on, to be applied to 1290 RECONNOISSANCES, object of, \c G47 to 654 RECRUITING SERVICE, isflues of subnistencc to rccruiiing parties 1081 to 1088 how conducted 1283 to 1364 REGIMENTS, Ticancies in, how filled 19 interior management of 09 to 82 colors of 1309 to 1373 RESIGNATIONS of officers 24 to 29 RETURNS AND RErt)RT3, monthly, of posts, kc, made by commanders 447 to 452 annual, to exhibit, A:c 468 INDEX. XX RETURNS AND REPORTS No. of paragraph. of decensed soldiers 454 field 455, 466 of appointments, removal, &c., of staff officers, changes of troops, &c., to be reported 458, 459 of prisoners of war and of captured property.. 460, 461, 726 of inspections, to exhibit, &c 462, 463, 927 of inspections to be made by 476 of the senior officer of Engineers, &c., in the field 481 of reconnoissances 653, 654 of battles are made by, &c 7i;3, 724, 726 of field officer of the trenches 811 in Quartermaster's Department 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055 in Subsistence Department 1097 of medical purveyors 1110 in Pay Department 1207 of officers of Engineers and Topographical Engi- neers 1 21 9 to 1 225 in Ordnance Department 1268 to 1275 of officers on recruiting service 1325tol333 REVIEW, form of 339 to 364 ROLL-CALLS, number of, &c 224,226, 226 ROSTER, principles and detail of the 553 to 563, 644 Captains to be added to that of Lieut-Colonel. &c 696 members of a court-martial, which has adjourned for three days, liable to duty 882 SAFEGUARDS, object of, &c 769 to 773 SALUTES, at posts, in honor of 248 to 260 of sentinels 410, 411 SENTINELS, form of relieving 384 time of relieving 389 not to take orders, &o., except, &c 408 duties of 404 to 419, 570 to 574, 611 to 616 instructions given to, to be reported 420 VXn INDEX. SENTINEI^, No. of pw^mph. on ir«nnportF, to be kept over the fires 830 SERVANTS. how cflcctpd 120 non-rommiB'ncd officeri* not to be employed as wnitcrs, &c 11*2 prirnte, not soMier.*, not to wear the uniform of nny corps TfiS medical attendance ujion Il-IT.HSS SIEGES, inslrtictions for 774 to 818 SIGN A LS 222 SOLDIERS, when muslercd as nrliticers 80 to wear the prescril)cil uniform IT), 1344 emjiloyed as company clerk, servant, &C...118, 120, 121. 122 how tran.eferrcd. &c 141 to 144 deceased 148. 140. 150, 1124 who desert, &c 151 to 168 who arc discharged, &c Ift'.i. KIO, 1124 insane, not to be discharged 1 65 on furlough 182 children of, expenses of at post school how paid 192 in confinement 215, 216 to salute officers 246, 247 returns of deceased 454 as orderlies 483 to 487 who deserve mention for conduct in action 724 legal punishments for 876 on extra duty 883 to 890 charges against, to be placed on muster-roll 922 tranjiferred, account of clothing of 1040 in hof*piial, how mustered 1123 may re-enlist in coiiiiiany or regiment within two monllis 1313 STANDAUnS, description of 1372 STATIONERY, &c.. allowance of, &r 1017 to 1023 for recruiting service 1329 STRAW, allowance of, &c 1013 to 1010 SUnSISTENCH DHrAUT.MKNT. officers, though eligildc to command, not to assume commaad unless, &c 14 INDEX. XXllI SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT, No. of paragraph. senior Lieutenant present holding the appointment of Assistant Commissary of Subsistence to per- form the duty 86 chief of, to take care that no officer has on hand more money than is actually needed, &c 893 chief of, to regulate the appointment of hired per- sons requisite 893 chief of, (o designate the places where purchases shall be made 939 duties of 1059 to 1103 forms for page 212 to 241 SUTLERS, how appointed, and privileges, &c 202 to 209 T. TRANSFERS of soldiers 141 to 144 TRANSPORTATION, how provided, regulated, &c 987 to 1009 of recruits, how procured and paid 1320, 1821 no expenses of officers on recruiting service will be admitted except 1822 TRANSPORTS, troops on board of 832 to 860 cabin passage will be provided for 998 TRAVELING on duty 1 68, 1 69 TROOPS IN CAMPAIGN 464 to 831 U. UNIFORM prescribed, to be worn 1 09, 1 1 UNIFORM AND DRESS OF THE ARMY. See Article LI. w. WATCHWORDS, parole and countersign 649, 550, 551 WORKING PARTIES, allowance to men employed upon, &c 883 to 890 EEaULATIOKS FOR THE A.RMY '* C »' ARTICLE I. MILITARY PISCIPLIXE. 1 All inferiors are required to obey strictly, and to execute with alacrity and good faith, the lawful orders of the superiors ap- pointed over them. 2 Military authority is to be exercii?ed with firmness, but with kindness and justice to inferiors. Punishments sliall be strictly conformable to military law. 3 Superiors of every grade are forbid to injure those under them by tyrannical or ciipricious conduct, or by abusive language. ARTICLE IL RANK AND COMMAND. 4 Rank of officers and non-commissioned officers : 10th. Cadet. 11th Sergeant-M.ajor. ]2fh. Quartermaster -Sergeant of a Regiment. 13th. Ordnance Sergeant and Hos- pit.al Steward. 14th. First Sergeant, loth. Sergeant. IGlh. Corporal. And in each grade by date of commission or appointment. !j When commissions are of the same date, the rank is to be decided, between officers ff the same regiment or corps b^* tlie order of appointment; between officers of different regiments or corpi" : let. by rank in actual service t^hcn appointed ; 2d. by former rank 1st. Licutenant-Genoral. 2d. Major-Goncral. 3d. Brig.adier-General. 4th. Colonel. 5th. Lieutenant-Colonel. Cth. Major. 7th. Captain. 8th. First Lieutenant. 9th. Second Lieutenant. 2 l\(ink Command. Aad HorTico in the nrmy or marine corps ; 3ervicc of the United States. In cose of eqtiality of rank by virtue of a brevet commission, reference is had to commiii^ions not brevet. 6.... OfRccrc having brevets, or commissions of n prior date to thoiic (if the regiment in which they serve, may take place in courts- martini and on dclnchinents, when composed of different corps, ac- cording to the ranks pivcn them in their brevets or dates of their former commisKions ; Imt in the regiment, troop, or company to which such officers belong, they sluill do duty and take rank both in courts-martial and on detachments which shall be composed only of their own corps, according to the commissions by which they are mustered in the said corps. — {61st Art. of TT ar.) 7 If, upon marches, guards, or in quarters, different corps of the army shall happen tojoin, or do duty together, the officer highest in rank of the line of tiie army, marine corps, or militia, by commis- sion, there on duty or in (luurters, shall command the whole, and give orders for what is needful to the service, unless otherwise spe- cially directed by the President of the United States, according to the nature of the case. — (62(i Art. of VTar.) 8 An officer not having orders from competent authority can not put himself on duty by virtue of his conimissiou alone. 9.... Officers serving lij commission from any state of the Union take rank next after officers of the like grade iy commission from the United States. 10 Urcvet rank lakes efl'cctonly in the following cases. 1st. by speolHl assignment of the President in commands composed of differ- ent corps; '2d. on courts-martial or detach rients composed of dillerent corjis. Troops are on detachment only when sent out temporarily to perform a special service. 11 In regularly constituted commands, as garrisons, posts, de- partments; companies, battalions, regiments ; corps, l)rigades, divia- lono, army corps, or the army itself, brevet rank can not be exercised cxcejii liy special ussignment. 12 The officers of Kngineers are not to assume nor to be order- ed on any duly beyund the line of tlieir immediate profession, except by the special order of the President. 13 An officer of the Pay or Medical Department can not exer- cise command except in his own department. II Officers of the corps of Engineers or Ordnance, or of the Adjutant-General's, Inspector-General's, Quartermaster-General's, or Subsistence Department, though eligible to command according to Succession in Duties Appointments. 3 ILc rank they hold in the army of the United States, and not subject to t)ic orders of a junior oflBcer, sliall not assume the command of troops unless put on duty under orders which specially so direct by authority of the Prssident. ARTICLE III. SUCCESSION IN COMMAND OR DUTY. 15 The functions assigned to any officer in these regulations by title of ofiBce devolve on the oflBcer acting in his place, except as spe- cially excepted. 16 During the absence of the Quartermaster-General, or the chief of any military bureau of the War Department, his duties in the bureau, prescribed by law or regulations, devolve on the oflBcer of his department empowered by the President to perform them in his absence. (Act July 4, 1836.) 17 An officer who succeeds to any command or duty stands in regard to his duties in the same situation as his predecessor. The officer relieved shall turn over to his successor all orders in force at the time, and all the public property and funds pertaining to his com- mand or duty, and shall receive therefor duplicate receipts, showing the condition of each article. 18 An officer in a temporary command shall not, except in urgent cases, alter or annul the standing orders of the regular or permanent commander without authority from the next higher com- mander. ARTICLE IV. APPOIXTMENT AND PROMOTION OF COMMISSIONED OFTICERS. 10 All Tacanciesin established regiments and corps, to the rank of Colonel, shall be filled by promotion according to seniority, except in case of disability or other incompetency. 20 Promotions to the rank of Captain shall be made regiment- ally ; to Major and Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel, according to the .irm, as infantry, artillery, kc, and in the Staflf Departments and in the Engineers, Topographical Engineers, and Ordnance, according to corps. 21 Appointments to the rank of Brigadier-General and Major- General will be made by selection from the army. 22 The graduates of the Military Academy are appointed to vacancies of the lowest grade, or attached by Ijrcvef to regiments or corps, not to exceed one brevet to each company ; and meritorious non-commissioned officers, examined by an Army Board, and found 1 designations Exchanges. - of cominip«ioncd officers, will, in like mnnncr, ; .. .^ ^ ( iii8 as Brevet Second Licntennnfs. 28.... Whenever the public service iiiny require the Appointment r.f r.nv ciliten to the army, n Board of Officers will be instituted, ).' TO which tlie applicant will appear for an examination into his I . al nliility, moral character, attainments, and general fitness • service. If the Board report in favor of the applicant, he will )'C deemed eligible for a commission in (he nrniy. ARTICLE V. nESIQNATIOHS OF OFFICERS. _■ t No officer will be considered out of service on the icnu r oi hi? resignation, until it shall have been duly accepted by the proper luith'trity. L'.'i Resignations will be forwarded by the commanding officer • . the Adjutant-General of the army for decision at the War Dcpart- i:ient. 20 Resignations tendered under charges, when forwarded by any commander, will always be accompanied by a copy of the charges; or, in the absence of written charges, by a report of the ( ase, for the information of the Secretary of War. L'7 Before presenting the resignation of any officer, thoAdju- i:ini-ublic proper- ly, for which he may have been responsible. 2H In lime of war, or with an army in the field, resignations -liall take effect within tliirly days from the date of the order of ac- • eptance. 2'J Leaves of obsence will not bo granted by commanding of- }■.. erH to officers on tendering their resignation, unless the resignation I c uncouditiouul uud iiiiinediate. ARTICLE VI. EXCIIAKUE OR TRANSFER OF OFFICERS. 30.... The transfer of officers from one regiment or corps to an- ' !lier will be made only by the War Department, on the mutual ap- ! li< utivn of the partiex tlcHiring the exchange. Ml An officer nhnll not be transferred from one regiment or < orp» to another with prejudice to the rank of any officer of the regi- ment or corps to which he is transferred. Staff Appointments Care of Fortifications. 5 ARTICLE VII. ArrOISTMENTS ON TUK STAFF. 32 As far as practicable, all appointments and details ou the staff will be equalized on the several regiments. 33 General Officers appoint their own Aidcs-de-canjp. 34 An officer shall not fill any staff appointment, or other situ- ation, the duties of -which will detach him from his company, regi- ment, or corps, until he has served at least three years with his regi- ment or corps ; nor shall any officer (aides-de-camp excepted) so re- main detached longer than four years. 36 An officer of a mounted corps shall not be separated from his regiment, except for duty connected with his particular arm. 36 The senior Lieutenant present, holding the appointment of Assistant Commissary of Subsistence, is entitled to perform the du- ties. ARTICLE VIII. DISTRIBUTION OF THE TROOPS. 37 The military geographical departments will be estaV)lished by the War Department. In time of peace, brigades or divisions will not be formed, nor the stations of the troops changed, without au- thority from the War Department. ARTICLE IX. CARE OF FORTIFICATIONS. 38 No person shall be permitted to walk upon any of the .slopes of a fortification, excepting the ramps and glacis. If, in any case, it be necessary to provide for crossing them, it should be done by plac- ing wooden steps or stairs against the slopes. The occasional walk- ing of persons on a parapet will do ne barm, provided it be not al- lowed to cut the surface into paths. 39 No cattle, horses, sheep, goat, or other animal, shall ever be permitted to go upon the slopes, the ramparts, or the parapet;-, nor upon the glacis, except within fenced limits, which should not ap- proach the crest nearer than 30 feet. 40 All grassed surfaces, cxcejiling the glacis, will be carefully and frequently mowed (except in dry weather,) and the oftencr the better, while growing rapidly — the grass never being allowed to be more than a few inches high. In order to cut the grass even and close, upon small slopes a light one-handed scythe should be used ; and in mowing the steep slopes, the mower should stand on a light 6 Care of Fortifications. Ul the slope, nml not upon the grass. Crops of bav may bo cut nn the glacis ; or, if fenced, it may be used ns pas- ture; otherwise it should be treated as other slopes of the fortifica- tion. On nil the slopes, spots of dead grass will be cut out and re- place! by fresh sods. All weeds will be eradicated. A very little labor, applied steadily and judiciously, will maintain the grassed sur- faces, even of the largest of our forts, in good condition. 41.... The burning of grass upon any portion of a fortification is strictly forbidden. 42 Particular attention is required to prevent the formation of giillic!» in the parade, lerreplein, and ramps, and especially in .«lope8 wheri' grass is not well established. If neglected, they soon involve heavy expense. 4.S Earth, sand, or ashes must not be placed ngninst wood- W'lrk ; a free ventilation must be preserved around it ; and all wood- en floors, platforms, bridges, &c., will be kept clean swept. 44 The machinery of draw-bridges, gates, and posterns must be kept in good working order bj* proper cleaning and oiling of the parts; the bridges will be raised, and tlic gates and posterns opened as often as once a week. 45 The terrcpleins of forts, the floors of casemates, caponniers, Biort'-rooms, barracks, galleries, posterns, magazines, &c., and the hidewalks in front of tjuarters and barracks, as well as other walks, are sometimes paved with bricks or stones, or formed of concrete. These surfaces must be preserved from injury with gi'cat care. In transporting guns and carriages, and in mounting them, strong way- planks will be used, and neither the wheels nor any other part of the carriuges, nor any machinery, such as .'^hears, gins, &c., nor any hundnpikc or other iiiiiilcuients, will be allowed to touch those sur- faces. Unless protected in a similar manner, no wheel-barrow or other vehicle, no barrels, hugshcads, &c., will be rolled upon these (surfaces. No violent work will bo sufTcrcd to be done upon them, such lis cutting wood, breaking coal, &c., and no heavy weight bo I lirown or permitted to fall thereon. In using machines, as gins, &c., in caHcmatcB, care must be taken not to injure the arch or ceiling, as well o-i the floor. Neglect of these precautions may cause injuries slight in ap|>carance but serious in elTect from the leaking of water into majionry and cascnintcs, and expensive to repair. 40 The doors and windows of all store-rooms and unoccupied ca-eiuates, quarters, barracks, &c., will be opened several times a week for thorough ventilation. 47.... The masonry shot-furnaces will be heated only on the ap- Care of Armaments and Ammunition. 7 proach of an enemy. For ordinary practice with hot shot, iron fur- naces are provided. 48 The foregoing matters involve hut little expense; the labor is Avitliin the means of evcr^- garrison, and no technical knowledge is called for beyond what will be found among soldiers. Other repairs requiring small disbursements, such as repainting exposed wood or ironwork, can be also executed by the garrison; but reports, esti- mates, andrequsitions maj' be necessary to obtain the materials. 49 No alteration will be made in any fortification, or in its casemates, quiiro:tches to the work. Ibiuys or murks will bo plaeed nt the extreme aMo tunc of flight. Other modes of asccrliiiolni' ilio range will readily occur to ufiiccrs of science. Artillery Practice. 9 CO When charged shells with fuses are thrown, the lime of bursting will be noted. If (hey are intended to fall on land, only a blowing charge will be given to the shells, so as they may be picked up for further use. 01 On filling from the barrel, the proof range of powder will be marked on the cartridges. 02 The general objects of this practice arc — to give to officers and men the ready and effective use of batteries; to preserve on rec- ord the more important results for the benefit of the same, or future commanders, and to ascertain the efficiency of guns and carriages. 63 Commanders of field artillery will also keep registers of their practice, so that not a shot or shell will be thrown in the Army, for instruction, without distinct objects, such as range, accu- racy of aim, number ©f ricochets, time of bursting, in the case of shells, &c. 64 Every company with a field battery will be allowed for an- nual practice 600 blank cartridges and a third of that number of shot or shell. Companies with fixed batteries will be allowed 100 cartridges each, with seventy-five shots or shells. This ammunition will be expended in equal parts in the three months designated be- low, and if the company be mounted, eight blank cartridges will be allowed for each of the other months in the year. This allowance is intended only for covai>&n\Q.s pcrinancntly serving with batteries. The firing with field guns by other Artillery companies must be confined to blank cartridges. 65 For all Artillery there will be annually three periods of practice in firing — Ajnil, June, and October for the latitude of Wash- ington and south; and May, July, and Sejjtembcr north of that lat- itude. G6 At the termination of each period of practice, the com- manding officers of posts will transmit to the Adjutant-General full reports of the results, in order that proper tabular statements may be prepared for the War Department. 67 To determine accuracy of aim in firing shot and shell, butla or targets will be used. Where no natural butt presents itself, targets will be erected. A form for floating targets will be sent to the commanders of the several forts. 08. As practice in gunnery is a heavy expense to government, commanders of companies and their immediate superiors arf rliargegether. 88 The utmost attention will be paid by commanders of com- panies to the cleanliness of tlieir men, as to their persons, clothing, arms, accoutrements, and equipments, and also as to their quarters or tents. Companies. 13 89 The name of each soldier will bo labeled on his bunk, and his company number Mill be placed against his arms and accoutre- ments. 90.... The arms will be placed in the arm-racks, the stoppers in the muzzles, the cocks let down, and the bayonets in their scabbards ; the accoutrements suspended over the arms, and the swords hung up by the belts on pegs. 91 The knapsack of each man will be placed on the lower shelf of his bunk, at its foot, packed with liis effects, and ready to be slung; the great-coat on the same shelf, rolled and strapped ; the coat, fold- ed inside out, and placed under the knapsack ; the cap on the second or upper shelf; and the boots well cleaned. 92 Dirty clothes will be kept in an appropriate part of the knapsack ; no article of any kind to be put under the bedding. 93 Cooking utensils and table equipage will be cleaned and arranged in closets or recesses ; blacking and brushes out of view; the fuel in boxes. 94 Ordinarily the cleaning will be on Saturdays. The chiefs of squads will cause bunks and bedding to be overhauled ; floors dry rubbed; tables and benches scoured; ai'ms cleaned ; accoutrements whitened and polished, and every thing put in order. 95 Where conveniences for bathing are to be had, the men should bathe once a week. The feet to be washed at least twice a week. The hair Jcqit short, and beard neatly trimmed. 96 Non-commissioned officers, in command of squads, will be held more immediatclj' responsible that their men observe what is pre- scribed above; that they wash their hands and faces daily ; that they brush or comb their heads; that those who are to go on duty put their arms, accoutrements, dress, &c., in the best order, and that such as have permission to pass the chain of sentinels arc in the dress that may be ordered. 97 Commanders of companies and squads will see that the arms and accoutrements in possession of the men are always kept in good order, and that proper care be taken in cleaning them. 98 When belts are given to a soldier, the captain will see that they are properly fitted to the body ; and it is forbidden to cut any belt without his sanction. 99 Cartridge-boxes and bayonet-scabbards will be polished with blacking; varnish is injurious to the leather, and will not be used. 100 All arms in Uie hands of the troops, whether browned or bright, will be kept in the state in which they arc issued by the Ord- nance Department. Arms will not be taken to pieces without permis- 14 Ciimpdnies. •ion of a commiMi'^ncd officer. Bright barrels will be kept clean and fr*« from nisi without polishing tliom; care should be taken in rub- binp not to briiifc or bend the barrel. After firing, wash out the bore : wipe it dry, and then j'ass a bit of cloth, slightly greased, to the bottom. In these operations, a rod of wood with n loop in one end is to be used instead of the rammer. The barrel, when not in one, will be closed with a stopper. For exercise, each soldier should keep liimself proTided with a piece of sole leather to fit the cup or countersink of the hammer. (For care of arms in service, see Ordnance Manual, page 185, &c.) 101 ..\rm8 shall not he left loaded in quarters or tents, or when the men are off duty, except by special orders. 102 Ammunition issued will be inspected frequently. Each man will bo made to pay for the rounds expended witliout orders, or not in the way of duty, or which may be damaged or lost by his ne- glect. 10.1 Ammunition will be frc(iuently exposed to the dry air, or tunned. 104 Special care shall be taken to ascertain that no ball-car- tridges are mixed with the blank cartridges issued to tlie men. lOA All knapsacks are to be painted black. Those lor the artil- lery will be marked in the centre of the cover with the number of the regiment only, in figures of one inch and a half in length, of the character called full face, with yellow paint. Those for the infantry will be marked in the same way, in white paint. Those for the ord- nance will be marked with two cannon, crossing; the cannon to be •even and a half inches in length, in yellow paint, to resemble those on the cap. The knapsack straps will be black. 10»> The knapsacks will also be marked upon the inner side with tJie letter of the company and the number of the soldier, on such part UB may be readily observed at insjiections. 107 Ilaversacks will be marked upon the flap witli the number and name of the regiment, the letter of tlie company, and number of the poldicr, in black letters and figures. And each soldier must, at all Unies. be jirovide'l with a haversack and canteen, ond will exhibit them at all inspections. It will be worn on the left side on marches, guard, and when paraded for detached service — the canteen outside (he haversack. lOH....Thc front of the drums will bo painted with the arnls of the I'nitod States, on a blue field for the infantry, and on a red ticld for th"- artillery. The letter of ihc company and number of the regi- ment, under arms, in a scroll. Soldiers' Mess. 15 109 Officers at their stations, in camp or in garrisons, will al- ways wear their proper uniform. 110 Soldiers will wear the prescribed uniform in camp or gar- rison, and will not be permitted to keep in their possession any other clothing. When on fatigue parties, they will wear the proper fatigue dress. Ill In camp or barrack.s, the company officers mu.st visit the kitchen daily and inspect the kettles, and at all times carefully at- tend to the messing and economy of their respective companies. The commanding officer of the post or regiment will make frequent in- spections of the kitchens and messes. 112 The bread must be thoroughly baked, and not eaten until it is cold. The soup must be boiled at least five hours, and the vegetables always cooked sufficiently to be perfectly soft and di- gestible. 113 Messes will be prepared by privates of squads, including private musicians, each taking his tour. The greatest care will be observed in washing and scouring the cooking utensils; those made of brass and copper should be lined with tin. 114 The messes of prisoners will be sent to them by the cooks. 115 No persons will be allowed to visit or remain in the kitch- ens, except such as may come on duty, or be occupied as cooks. 116 Those detailed for dut;- in the kitchens will also be re- quired to keep the furniture of the mess-room in order. 117 On marches and in the field, the only mess furniture of the soldier will be one tin plate, one tin cup, one knife, fork, and spoon, to each man, to be carried by himself on the march. 118 If a soldier be requiredto assist his first sergeant in the writing of the company, to excuse him from a tour of military duty, the captain will previously obtain the sanction of his own command- er, if he have one present ; and whether there be a superior present or not, the captain will be responsible that the man so employed does not miss two successive tours of guard-duty by reason of such employment. 119 Tradesmen may be relieved from ordinary military duly to mt^e, to alter, or to mend soldiers" clothing, &c. Company com- manders will fix the rates at which work shall be done, and cause the rfen for whose benefit it is done, to pay for it at the next pay day. 12^ Each company officer, serving with his company, may lake from it one soldier as waiter, with his consent and the consent of his 16 Einploymcid of Soldiers as Clerks, dr. • oipUin. No other officer slmll tnkc a soldier as a waiter. Everv Mldier 80 employed shall be so reported and mustered. 121 Soldiers taken as officers' waiters shall be acquainted with their militory duty, and at all times be completely onned and cloteoci ions, and arc liable to such drills as the <;ommanding officer phall judge necessary to fit them for service in the ranks. 122 Non-commissioned officers will, in no case, be permitted to act as waiters; nor arc they, or private soldiers, not w^aitcrs, to bo emi'loyed in any menial office, or made to perform any service not military, for the private benefit of any officer or mess of officers. COMl'AXY BOOKS. 123 The following books are fcllowcd to each company : one descrijitivc book, one clothing book, one order book, one morning re- port book, each one quire, sixteen inches by ten. One page of the descriptive book will be appropriated to the list of officers ; two to the non-commissioned officers; two to the register of men transferred; four to register of men discharged; two to register of death.^; four lo register of deserters — the rest to the company description lUi. LAUNURESS. 124 Four women will be allowed to each company as washer- women, and will receive one i-ation per day each. 125 The price of washing soldiers' clothing, by the month, or by the piece, will be determined by the Council of Administration. 12C Debts due the laundress by soldiers, for washing, will be paid, or collected at the pay-table, under the direction of the captain. .\RTICLK XIV. OnK.NAXCE SEUGEAXTS. 127 The Secretary of War selects from the sergeants of the line of the army, who may have faithfully served eight years (four years in the prado of non-commissioned officer), as many ^Ordnance Sergeants as the service may require, not exceeding one to each miN itary post. 128.... Captains will report to llicir colonels such sergeants as, by their conduct ond service, merit such appointment, setting forth the description, length of service of the sergeant, the portion of his serv- Ordnance Sergeants. 17 ice lie wa3 a non-commissioned officer, his general cliaractev as to fidelity and sobriety, his qnalifications as a clerk, and his fitness for the duties to he performed by an ordnance sergeant. These reports will be forwarded to the Adjutant-General, to be laid before the Sec- retary of War, with an application in the following form : Jlead-Quarterg, «•* ■" '•rdnancc Scrpcanlf!. that the judicious selec- tion of ihtm in of noDmall iiii|)ortancc to the intercstaof tlie service ; BBd ihiit while the law contemplates, in the appointment of these noa-commiit*n-iiive of olTerinp n reward to those faithful and well-tried scr- .■> have longed served their country, and of thus fiiving en- M lit to the soldier in the ranks to emulate tiicm in conduct, and ilierebv secure substjintial promotion. Colonels and Cnjitains caanol, therefore, be too particular in investigating the characters of ihc candidntes, and in giving their testimony ns to their merits. 13a The appointment and removal of Ordnance Sergeants, sta- tioned at the military j»osi8, in pursuance of the above provisions of law, hliall be reported by the .Vfljutant-Cicncral to the chief of the Ordnance Department. 184.... When a non-conmiissioncd ofliccr receives the aj^point- ment of Ordnance Sergeant, he shall be dropped from the rolls of the rcginient or company in wliiih he may be serving at the time. 135 The duly of Ordnance Sergeants relates to the care of the ordnance, arms, ammunition, and other military stores at the post to which they may be attached, under the direction of the command- ing officer: and according to the regulations of the Ordnance Dcpari- mcDt . i;{G If a post be evacuntcil. the Ordnance Sergeant shall remain on duly at the station, under the direction of the chief of the Ord- nance Hepintment, in diarge of the ordaance and ordnance store!-", and <>f f\iv\\ other public property as is not in charge of some otliier or ogiiit of other departments; for which ordnance stores and other property he will account to the chiefs of the proper departments un- til otherwise directed. 137 .\n Ordnance Sergeant in charge of ordnance stores at a pout wlierw there is no commissioned officer shall bo held responsible for the »ule-kee|iing of tlie property, and he shall be governed by the rcyguUtions of iiii> Ordnance bepartment in making issues of the sume, and in preparing and furnisliing Ihc requisite returns. If tlie meauH at his disjiosal are not sufticieni for the preservation of the properly, he bhall report tiiecirrumstances to the chief of the Ord- danev Department. 138. ...Ordnance sergeants are to be considered as belonging lo the non-commissioned siatT of the post, under the orders of the com- manding officer. They are to wear the uniform of the Ordnance De- Ordnance Sergeants.... Transfers. 19 partment. with (he distinctive badges prescribed for the non-commis- sioned staff of regiments of artillery ; and they are to appear under arms with the troops at all reviews and inspections, monthly and weekly. 30 When serving at any post which may bo the hcad-quaiters of a regiment, Ordnance Sergeants shall be reported by name on the post returns, and mustered with the non-commissioned staff of the regiment ; and at all other posts they shall be mustered and reported in some companj' stationed at the post at which they serve ; be paid on the muster-roll^ and be charged with the clothing and all other sup]>lics previously received from any officer, or subsequently issued to them by the commanding officer of the company for the time being. Whenever the company may be ordered from the post, the Ordnance Sergeant will be transferred to the rolls of any remaining company, by the order of the commanding officer of the post. 140 In the event of the troops being all withdrawn from a post at which there is an Ordnance Sergeant, he shall be furnished with his descriptive roll and account of clothing and pay, signed by the proper officer last in command, accompanied by the remarks neces- sary for his military history; and on his exhibiting such papers to any Paymaster, with a letter from the Ordnance Office acknowledg- ing the receipt of his returns, and that they are safisfactorj-; he will be paid on a separate account the amount which may be due him at, the date of the receipt of the returns mentioned in such letter, to- gether with commutation of rations, accordingto the regulations of the Subsistence Department. A certified statement of his pay ac- count will be furnished the Ordnance Sergeant by fhe Paymaster by whom he maj- be last paid. When there arc no troops at the post the Ordnance Sergeant will report to the Adjutant-General's office, by letter, on the last da}- of every month. ARTICLE XV. TKAMSrER or SOLDIERS. 141 No non-commissioned officer or soldier will be transtoi-red from one regiment to another without the authority of the command- ing general. 142 The colonel may, upon fhe application of the capiaine, transfer a non-commisBioned officer or soldier from one company to another of his regiment — with consent of the department commander in ca'-e of change of post. 14.3 When soldiers are authorized to be transferred, the transfer will t.ike place on the first of a month, with a view to the more con Tenicnt settlement of their accounts. •JO Deceased Officers and Soldiers. 144 In all ca»ea of Iransfer, a complete descriptiTe roll \rill ac- company ihc i»oMicr transferred, which roll will embrace an account of hit pajr. drilling, and oilier allowances: also, all stoppages to be Bade on aocniini of the govcrnnicnt, and debts due tlic laundress, as Well an iiticli other facts as may be necessary to t>how his character ftlid tnililary history. ARTICLE XVI. DKCEASEI) OrPICERS Nd.... WhencTcr an officer dies, or is killed at any military post or station, or in the vicinity of the same, it will be the duty of the commitnding officer to report tlic fact direct to the Adjutant-General with the date, and any other information proper to be communicated. If an officer die at (i distance from a military post, any officer having intelligence of the same will in like manner communicate it, speci- fying the day of his decease ; a duplicate of the report will be sent to Department Head-Quarters. HG Inventories of the effects of deceased officers, rcy a cuurt-iuartial, or wheu he ix reflorcd ni>ion of a Icnve of absence, the term of the extension i>hoiiM l»c fialol. 17;; Tlif iminclialc comnmnJcr of the officer npplyingfor leavo of abwnop, «ne none other ilisin himself, then he himself shall nrt. '■ ....The junior member will record the proceeilinps of tho < ] in n book, and submit tlie sunic to the connnMiidin)! officer. 1 rove the proceedinps. iind the rouncil. afit-r a reconsider- ! to ii« decision, a cojiy of I lie whole sliall be scut by the commnndinR to the next higher commander, wlmsc decision . .M I'C finiil, and entered in the (^ouncil book, and the whole be pub- lii'hcd in orders for the information and government of all concerned. 187 The proceedings of Councils of Administration shall be vigntil by tin- prcsiilcnt and recorder, and the recorder of each meet- ing, after entering the whole proceedings, together with the final or«li'r thereon, shall dc|iosit the book with the coiuinantling officer. In like ninnnor, the apjiroval or objections of the officer ordering tho Council will bo signed with his own hand. 188 The Post Council shall prescribe the quantity and kind of clothing, small erices of the ?:iid goods or commodities; inspect the sutler's weights and mea- sures; fix the laundress' charges, and make tlie regulations for the post school. 1W» I'ursuant to the 30th Article of War, coininundin;: officers reviewing the proceedings of tlie Council of Adiniuistration will Bcrttiinize the tariff of prices proposed by them, and take care that the htores actually furnished by the sutler correspond to the <|ualify prescribed. r<)ST FUND. l'.»0 .\ Post Fund shall be raised at each post by a tax on the sutler, not to exceed 10 cents a month lor every ofiicer and soldier of Ihc command, according to the average in eacii inontli to be ascer- tained by the Council, and from the saving on tlic flour ration, ordi- narily U3 per cent., by baking tho soldier's bread at a post bakery. Provided, that when wont of vegetables or other reasons make it ne- cesnnry, the commanding officer may onler the flour saved, or any part of it, issued to the men, after paying expenses of baking. IIU The commanding oflicer shall designate an officer to be post treanurer, who shall keeji the account of the fund, subject to the inspection of the Council and conuiiaiiding oflicer, and disburse the fund on the warrants of the commanding officer, drawn in pur- suance of specific resolves of (he Council. Post and Company Fund. 27 102 The following arc tlic objccfs of expenditure of the post fund: — 1st. Expenses of the bake-house; 2d. expenses of the sol- diers' children at the post school. 1H3 On the last day of April, August, and December, and when relieved from the duty, the treasurer shall make out his account with tlic fund since his last account, and submit it, with his vouchers, to tlic Council of Administration, to be examined by thcni, and record- ed in tlie Council book, and then forwarded by the commanding offi- cer to Department Head-Quarters. 194 At each settlement of the treasurer's account, the Council shall distribute the unexpended balance of the post fund to the sev- eral companies and other troops in the ratio of their average force during the period. 105 AVhen a company leaves the post, it shall then receive its distributive share of the accrued fund. 100 The regulations in regard to a post fund will, as far as practicable, be applied in the field to a regimental fund, to be raised, administered, expended, and distributed in like manner, by the regi- mental commander and a regimental council. COMPANY FUND. 107 The distributions from the post or regimental fund, and the savings from the company rations, constitute the Company Fund, to be disbursed by the captain for the benefit of the enlisted men of the company, pursuant to resolves of the Company Council, consisting of all the company officers present. In case of a tie vote in the Council, the commander of the post shall decide. Th^ Council shall be convened once in two months by the captain, and whenever lie may think proper. 198 Their proceedings shall be recorded in a book, signed by all the Council, and open at all limes to the inspection of the com- mander of the post. Every four months, and whenever anotlier offi- cer takes command of the company, and wlien the company leaves the post, the account of the company fund shall be made up, audited by the Council, recorded in the Council book, and submitted, with a duplicate, to the post commander, who shall examine it and forward the duplicate to Department Head-Quarlers. 199 The supervision of the company fund by the po?t com- mander herein directed shall, in the field, devolve on the commander of the regiment. 28 Chaplains Sutlers. AUTICLK XXIV. 200 ThcpoBlmit which Chajtlains may be employed Trill liean- noanc«4l by iho War Depart monf. 201 The Council of Administration of the post will report to the A{ pay allowed the pcrscm they select to officiate as Chaplain and perform the duties of Schoolmaster ; the decision of the Sccreta- rv will be notified to the commanding officer of the post by the Adju- tant-General. ARTICLI-: XXV. 202 Every military post may have one Sutler, to be appointed by the Secretary of War on the recommendation of the Council of Administration, approved by the commanding officer. '2(y.\ A Sutler shall hold his office for a term of threeycars, un- less sooner removed ; but the commanding officer may, for cause, sus- pend a Sutlers privilege until a decision of tlie War Department is received in the case. 204 In case of vacancy, a temporary appointment may be made liy the commanding officer upon the nomination of the Council of Administration. 205 Troops in campaign, on detachment, or on distant service, will be allowed Sutlers, at Iho rate of one for every regiment, corps, 'ir sojmrate detachment; to be ajijiointed by the commanding officer of Hurli regiment, corps, or dctnclinicnt, upon the recommcndiilion of the cmincil of administration, subject to the approval of the gi ueral nr otlitT officer in command. ■J'T, Notax or burden in any shape, other than the authorized tl^^f•'^menl for the post fund, will be imposed on the Sutler. U' there be a spare building, tlio use of it may bo allowed him, he being re- sponsible that it is kept in repair. If there be no such building, he may be allowed to erect one; but this article gives the Sutler no claim to LI,-CALLS, 2-4 There ahall be dailyat least three stated roll-calls, viz : at revfiUf, retreat, and tattoo. They will be made on the company jia- radoa by the first sergeants, superintended by a commissioned ojHcer of the company. The captains will report the absentees without leave U) the colonel or commanding officer. 2'25 Immediately after reveille roll-call (after stable-duty in the cavalry.) the tents or quarters, and the space around them, will be put in order by the men of the companies, superintended by the chiefs of squads, and the guard-house or guord-tunt by the guard or prisoners. 220 The morning report* of companies, signed by the captains Honors to he jyaul by the Troops. 31 and First Sergeants, will be handed to the Adjutant before eiglifc o'clock in tlie morning, and will be consolidated by the Adjutant witliin the next hour, for the information of the Colonel; and if the consolidation is to be sent to higher authority, it will be signed by the Colonel and the Adjutant. ARTICLE XXIX. HONORS TO BK PAID BY THE TKOOPS. 227 The President or Vire-Preident is to be saluted with the highest honors — all standards and colors dropping, officers and troops saluting, drums beating and trumpets sounding. 228 A General commanding in chief is to be received — by caval- ry, with sabres presented, trumpets sounding the march, and all the officers saluting, standards drooping ; by infantrj-, with drums beat- ing tlie m.arch, colors dropping, officers saluting, andarms presented. 229 A Major-General is to be received — by cavalry, with sabres presented, trumpets sounding twice tlic trumpet-flourish, and officers saluting; by infantry, with three rufWcs, colors dropping, officers sa- luting, and arms presented. 230 A Briffadier-Getieral ift to be received — by cavalry, with sa- bres presented, trumpets sounding once the trumpet flourish, and, offi- cers saluting: by infantry, with two ruffles, colors dropping, officers saluting, and arms presented. 2^^! Iw Adiutant-General or Inspector-General, if under tlie rank of a General officer, is to be received at a review or inspection of the troops underarms — by cavalry, with sabres presented officers salut- ing ; bj- infantry, officers saluting and arms presented. The same honors to be paid to any field-officer authorized to review, and in- spect the troops. When the inspecting officer is junior to the officer commanding the parade, no compliments will be paid: he will be re- cieved only with swords dr.awn and arms sliouldercd. 2o2 \11 guards arc to turn out and present arms to General offi- <-eTt as often as they pass them, except the personal guards of tieneral '•fficers. which ttirn only to the Generals whose guard- thoy are and to officers of supericr rank. 1'\'-^ To commanders of regiments, garrison, or camp, tin ir own guard ttirn out, and preBent arms oncea day ; after which, they turn otit with shouldered arm?. 284 Tf> the memhem of the CaUnet : to th' Cliiff Juttirc, the Prt$- ident of the Senate, and Speahrr of the Iloute of liepreientnHvrii of the United i^tfife* ; and to Gorcmom, nHhm their reKpfClive StaU-Ji and Ter- n7ortr<— the same honors will be paid as to a General comnuinding- io-chief. 3% Honors to be paid by the Troops. 286 Ojfietrtof a foreign lervice may be comjiliinentcd with tlie honor* due to their raok. 23rt Amrrican anil Foreijfn Envoi/s or Miniiter$ will be received with the compliments due tea Major-Genernl. 287 Thecojors of a rcpimcnt pn^sing a guard are tobesiilutcd, the trumpet M sounding, nnd the drums beating a marcli. 238 When General oflicers, or persons entitled to salute, pass in the rear of a gtiard, the officer is only to make his men stand shouldered,. and not to face his guard about, or beat his drum. 239 When General officers, or persons entitled to a salute, pass guards while in the act of relieving, both guards are to salute, re- ceiving the word of command from the cenior officer of the whole. 240 All guards are to be under arms when armed parties ap- proach their posts ; and to parties commanded hy commissioned offi- cers, tliey are to present their arms, drums beating a march, and offi- cers saluting. 241 No compliments by guards or sentinels will be paid be- tween rf treat and revtille, except as prescribed for grand rouudr. 242 All guards and sentinels are to pay the same compliments to the officers of the navy, marines, and militia in the service of the United States, as arc directed to be paid to the officers of the army, According to their relative ranks. 248 It is equally the duty of non-commissioned officers and sol- diers, at all times and in nil .lituations, to pay the proper compliments to officers of the navy and marines, add to officers of other regiments, when in uniform, as to officers of tlicir own iiuriicular regiments and corps. 241 Courtesy among military men is indispensable to disci- pline, llcspect to superiors will not bo confined to obedience on duty, but will be extended to all occasions. It is always the duty of the iiif.'vior to accost or to oifor first the customary salutation, and of the sujierior to return such complimentary notice. 245 Sergeants, with swords drawn, will salute by bringing them to a present — with muskets, by bringing the left hand across the body, so as to strike tlie musket near the right shoulder. Corpor.ili out of the rankii, and privates not sentries, will carry their muskets at a shoulder as sergeants, and salute in like manner. 24G When a soMier witiiout arms, or with side-arms on\y, meets an officer, he Is to raise his hand to the right side of the visor of his cap, palm to the front, elbow raised as higli as tlic shoulder, looking at the same time in a respectful and soldier-like manner at the officer, who will return tiic compliment thus offered. Sahdes Escorts of Hon or. 38 217 A non-commissioned officer or soldie\' being seated, and without particular occupation, will rise on the approach of an officer and make the customary salutation. If standing, he will turn to- ward the officer for the same purpose. If the parlies remain in the same place or on the same ground, such compliments need not be re- peated. SALUTES. 248 The national salute is determined by the number of States composing the Union, at the rate of one gun for each State. 2-JO The Frmdent of the I'nitrd Sla/cs alone is to receive a sa- lute of twenty-one guns. 250 The Vice-President is to receive a salute of seventeen guns. 251 The Heads of the great Executive Departments of the Xa- tional Government; the General commanding the army: the Governors of States and Territories, within their respective jurisdictions, fifteen guns. 252 A Major-Gencral, thirteen guns. 253 A Brigadier-General , eleven guns. 254 Foreign ships of war will be saluted in return for a similar compliment, gun for gun, on notice being officially received of such intention. If there be several posts in sight of, or within six miles of each other, the principal only shall reciprocate compliments with ships passing. 255 Officers of the Nivif y;\\\ be saluted according to relative rank. 2.'>') Foreign Officers invited to visit a fort or post may be sa- luted acconling to their rela;ive rank. 257 Envoys and Ministers of the United Stales and foreign powers arc to be saluted with thirteen guns. 258 A General officer will be saluted but o- ce in a year at each post, and only when notice of his intention to visit the post has been given. 250 Salutes to individuals arc to be fired on tlieir arrival < nly. 2f>0 A national salute will be fired at meridian on llie anniver- j»ary of the Independence of tlic United Stales, at each military post and camp provided with artillery and ammunition. KSCOtlTS OF HONOR. 2b On the receipt of official intelligence of the death of the J'r/fiilfHt of the United Sttitcs at any post or camp, the commanding officer sliall, on the following day, cause a gun to be fired at every half hour, beginning at sunrise, and ending at sunset. Wlien posts are contiguous, tlic firing will take place at the post only commanded by the superior officer. 260 On the day of the intcrnient of a (Icwral corntnanditiff-in- ehiff, a gun will be fired at cverv half hour, until the procession moves, beginning at sunrise. 207 The funeral escort of a Grneral comnmnding-in-chiff shall consist of a regiment of infantry, a squadron of cavalry, and six pieces of artillery. 268 Tliat of a Majvr-dcncral, a regiment of infantry, a squad- ron of cavalry, and four pieces of artillery. 269 That of a lirigadier-(icnrral, a regiment of infantry, one company of cavalry, and two pieces «f artillcrj'. 270 That of a Colonel, a regiment. 271 That of a Lieutenant-Colonel, s\x companies. L'7f That of a Major, four companies. 273 That of a Captain, one company. 274 That of a Subaltern; half a company. 275 The funeral escort shall always be commanded by an offi- Funeral Honors. 35 ccr of the same rank vrith the dcceascfl ; or, if non such be present, by one of the next inferior grade. 276 The funeral escort of a non-commissioned staff officer shall consist of sixteen rank and file, commanded by a Sergeant. 277 That of a Sergeant, of fourteen rank and file, commanded bj' a Sergeant. 278 That of a Corporal, of t-n-elvc rank and file, commanded by a Corporal ; and, 27^' That of a private, of eight rank and file, commanded by a Corporal. 280 The escort will be formed in two ranks, opposite to the quarters or tent of the deceased, with shouldered arms and bayonets unfixed ; the artillery and cavalry on the right of the infantry. 281 On the appearance of the corpse, the officer commanding the escort will command Present — Arms I when the honors due to the deceased will be paid by the drums and trumpets. The music will then play an appropriate air, and the cof- fin will then be taken to the right, where it will be halted. The com- mander will next order, 1. Shotilder — Arms ! 2. By company {or platoon), left wheel. 3. March.' 4. lieverte — Ab.ms I 6. Column, forward. G. Grade right. 7. M.\BrH I The arms will be reversed at the order by bringing the firelock under the left arm, butt to the front, barrel downward, Jeft hand sus- taining the lock, the right steadying the firelock behind the back: swords are reversed in a similar manner under the right arm. 282 The column will be marched in slow time to solemn music, and, on reaching the grave, will take a direction so tliat the guides shall be next to tlic grave. When the centre of the column is oppo- site the grave, the commander will order, 1. Column. 2. Halt I Z. Right into line, wheel. 4. March I The coffin is then brought along the front, to the opposite side of the graTe, and the commander then orders, 1. Shoulder — A.BMH ! 2. Pretent — Arm* I And when the coffin reaches the grave, he adds. 3d Funeral Honors. 1, .S*oM/itnl. maftiw.ine. ar- senal. (|uiirlers. sutler's shop, guurd-house, and such oilier places as be ma,v think proper to inspect. Tlic Captains and subalterns repair to (heir companies and sections to await the lospeclor. 311 The hospital being at all times an object of particular in- terest it will be critically and minutely inspected. iU2 The men will be formed in the coini>any quarters in front of their respective ranks, and on the entrance of the Inspector the word Atttuil'U .' will bo given by the senior non-conimifsioned officer pres- ent, when thowiioie wilt salute with the hand, without uncovering. 813 The lufipector, attended by the company officers, will exam- ine the gencr.al arrangement of the interior of the quarters, the bunks, bedding, cooking, and table utensils, and such other objects as ma^' present themselves ; and aiterward the exterior. ."14 The Adjutant will exiiibit to the Inspector the regimental books and papers, including those rcalling to the transaction of the Council of .\dmini;stralion. The company books and papers will also be exiiibited, the whole together, generally at the Adjutant's office, and in the ])reseuee of the othcers not otiierwise particularly engaged. IIITj The Insiiector will e-xamine critically the liooks and ac- counts of the adniini.strativc and disbursing officers of the command, and the money and properly in their keeping. CIG The inspection of cavalry and artillery will conform to the principles laid down in tho foregoing paragrnphs, regard being had to ilie^ystem of instruct ion for these arms of service respectively. AKTKM.K X.X.M. MrSTKllS. 317 The mu.sters will be made by an Insjiector-Ueneral, if pres- ent, otherwise liy an officer specially designated by the Commander of the Army, Division, or De|>artment; and in absence of cither an Inspoctor-ticneral or officer specially designated, the muster will be m.itle by the comnumiler of the post. 3l8 When one inspecting olhcer can not muster all the troops himself on the day specified, the commanding officer will designate such other competent olhcerB as may be necessary to assist him. IJl'.t All stated musters of lhetroo|»s shall be i)rcccded byami- nuto and careful iiiKperlion in the prescribed mode ; and if the com- mand be more than a company, by a review before inspection. Musters Forms of Pdiride. 41 320 The mustering officer liaTing inspected the companies in succcssiou, beginning on the right, returns to the first company to muster it. The company lieing at ordered arms, ■with open rank?, as when inspected, the Captain will, as tlie mustering officer approach- es, command, 1. Attention. 2. Company! 3. Shoulder — Arms! 4. Support — Akms I The mustering officer will then call over the names on the roll, and each man, as his name is called, will distinctly answer. Here! and bring his piece to a carry and to an order. 321 After each company is mustered, the Captain will order it to be marched to the company parade, and there dismissed to quar- ters to await the Inspector's visit. 322 After mustering the companies, the mustering officer, at- tended by the company commanders, will visit the guard and hospi- tal, to verify the presence of the men rejiorted there. 323 The muster and paj' rolls will be made on the printed forms furnished from the Adjutant-General's office, and according to the directions given on them. On the muster-rolls c6mpanies arc desig- nated by the name of the Captain, whether present or absent. The pay-roll is left blank, to be filled by the Paymaster. 321 One copy of each muster-roll will be transmitted by the mustering officer to the Adjutant-Generals office in the War Depart- ment within three days after the muster ARTICLE XXXII. FORMS OF PARADE. 32^ On all parades of ceremony, such as Reviews, Guard-mount- ing, at Troop or Retreat parades, instead of (he word " Rest,^' which allows the men to move or change the position of their bodies, the command will be " Parade — Rest!" At the last word of this com- mand, the soldier will carry the right foot six inches in rear of the left heel, the left knee slightly bent, tlic body upright upon the right leg ; the musket resting against the hollow of the right shoulder, the hands crossed in front, the backs of tlicm outward, and the left hand uppermost.^ At the word " Attektion !' the soldier will resume the correct position at ordered arms. In I lie posit ions here indicated, the soldier will remain silent and motionless: and it is particularly en- joined upon all officers to cause the commands above given, on the part of the soldier, to be executed with great briskness and fpiril. 820 Officers on all duties under arms arc to have their iwords drawn, without waiting for any words of command for that purpose. 4S Dress Parade. I. liRKSS I'ARADE. 827... . There sliall be dnil}' one dress parade, at troop or retreaf, as the commanding oiTiccr may direct. 828.... A signal will be beat or pounded half an hour before troop or rttrrat, for the music to assemble on the regimental parade, and each company to turn out under arms on its own parade, for roll-call and inspection by its own officers. 320 Ten minutes after that signal, the Adjutant's call will be given, when the Captains will march tlieircomjiauies (the band play- ing) to tlie regimental jtaradc, where they fake their positions in the order of battle. When the line is formed, the Cajitain of the first company, on notice from the Adjutant, feteps one pace to the front, and gives to his company the command,'" Order — Abms ! Parauk — RkstI" which is repeated by each Captain in succession to the left. The Adjutant takes post two paces on the right of the line ; the Ser- geant-major two paces on the left. The music will be formed in two ranks on the right of tLe Adjutant. The senior ufliccr present will take tlie command of tlic parade, and will take post at a suitable dis- tancein front, opposite the centre, facing the line. 3;]0 When tlie companies liavc ordered arms, the Ailjutnnt will order the music to heat off, when it will commence on the riglii, beat in front of the line to the left, and back to its place on the right. 331 When the music has ceased, the Adjutant will step two paces to the front, face to the left, and command, 1. Attention .' 2. Battalion. 3. Sfiouldrr — Aims! A. Prepare to open ranks! 5. To the rear, open order! It. Marcu. At llie sixth commaml. the ranks will be opened according to the sys- tem laid down in tiie Infantry Tactics, the commissioned officers marching to the front, tlie company officers four paces, field officers BIX paces, opposite to their positions in the order of battle, where they will hah and dress. The Adjutant, seeing the ranks aligned, vill command. Front I and march along the front to the centre, face to the right, and pass tlie lino of company officers eij.'hi or ten paces, wlicre he will come to the right-about, and command. Present — Arms ! when arms will be presented, officers saluting. Dress Parade. 43 332 Seeing this executed, he ■will face about to the command- ing officer, salute, and report, '^ Sir, the parade is formed." The Ad- jutant will then, on intimation to that effect, take his station three paces on tlie left of the commanding officer, one pace retired, passing round his rear. 333 The commanding officer, having acknowledged the salute of the line by touching his hat, will, after the Adjutant has taken lii:< post, draw his sword, and command, 1. Battalion. 2. Shoulder — AiiMS ! and add such exercises as lie may think proper, concluding with Order — Arms! then return his sword, and dii'cct the Adjutant to receive the reports. 331 The Adjutant will now pass round the right of the com- manding officer, advance upon the line, halt midway between him and the line of company officers, and command, 1. First Sergeants, to the front and centre. 2. March! At the first command, they will shoulder arms as Sergeants, march (wo paces to the front, and face inward. At the second command, they will march to the centre, and halt. The Adjutant will then order, 1. Front— ¥ac-e. 2. Report. .\t the last word, each in succession, beginning on the right, will sa- lute l>y bringing the left hand smartly across the breast to the right shoulder, and report the result of the roll-call previously made on the company parade. 335 The Adjutant again commands, 1. Firgi Sergeants, oulH-nrd — Face! 2. To your posts — Mariii I when they will resume their places, and order arms. The Ailjiilant will now face to (he commanding officer, salute, report absent offi- cers, and give the result of the First Sergeants' reports. The com- manding officer will next direct the orders to be read, when the Ad- jutant will face about and announce, 44 Dress Parade Review. Attention to Orders. He will I lion rcnpo8itelo, where the centre of the bat- talion will rest, where the reviewing officer is sujiposed to take his station; and, although he may choose to ipiit that position, still the color is to be considered as the point to which oil the movements and formations are relative. 340 The Ai^utant will also cause points to be marked, at suit- Review. 45 able distances, for the wheelings of the divisions; so that their right flanks in marching past, shall only be about four paces from the camp-color, where it is supposed the reviewing oflScer places himself to receive the salute. 341 The battalion being formed in the order of battle, at shoul- dered arms, the Colonel will command, 1. Battalion, prcjiare for revieicl 2. To the rear, ojien order. 3, March! At the word March, the field and staff officers dismount; the com- pany officers and the color-rank advance four paces in front of the front rank, and place themselves opposite to their respective i)lace8, in the order of battle. The color-guard replace the color rank. The staff officers place themselves, according to rank, three paces on the right of the rank of company officers, and one pace from each other; the music takes post as at parade. The non-commissioned staff take post one pace from each other, and three paces on the right of the front rank of the battalion. 312 .... When the ranks are aligned, the Colonel will commnnd, Front ! and place himself eight paces, and the Lieutenant-Colonel and Major will place themselves two paces, in front of the rank of company officers, and opposite to their respective places in the order of battle, all facing to the front. .313 When the reviewing officer presents himself before the centre, and is fifty or sixty pacesjdistant, the Colonel will face about, and command, Present — Arms ! and resume his front. The men present arms, and the officers salute, so as to drop their swords with tlie last motion of the firelock. The non-commissioned staff salute by bringing the sword to a poixe, the hilt reeling on the breast, the blade in front of flic face, inclining a little outward. The music will play, and all the drums beat, accord- ing to the rank of the reviewing officer. The colors only salute such persons as, from their rank, and by regulation (see Article XXIX), arc entitled to that honor. If the reviewing officer bo junior in rank to the commandant of the parade, no compliment will be paid to him, but he will be received with arms carried, and the officers will not salute na the column passes in review. 844 The reviewing officer having halted, and acknowledged the 46 Review. salute of the line hj touching or raising his cap or liat, the Colonel will face about and command, Shoulder — Arms ! when ilie men shoulder their pieces; the officers and non-conimis- Btoncd Htaff recoTcr their swords with the last motion, and the Colonel faces to the front. 346 The reviewing officer will then go toward the right, the whole remaining perfectly steady, without paying any further com- pliment, while he passes alon^ the front of the battalion, and pro- ceeds round the left tlank, and along the rear of the file-closers, to the right. While the reviewing officer is going round the battalion, the band will play, and will cease when he has returned to the right flank of the troops. 340 When the reviewing officer turns oflF, to place himself by the camp-color in front, the Colonel will face to the line and command, 1. Close Order. March I At the first command, the field and companj- officers will face to the rii/ht-alioul, and at the second command, all persons, except the Colonel, will resume their places in order of battle ; the field and stall' officers mount. 847 The reviewing officer having taken his position near the camp-color, the Colonel will command, 1. By eompanij right u-hccl. 2. Quick — March! 3. Pass in review. 4. Column, forward. 5. Guide right. 6. March! The battalion, in column of companies, right in front, will then, in common time, and at shouldered anns, be put in motion; the Colonel four paces in front of the Captain of the leading company ; the Lieu- tenant-Colonel on a line with the leading company ; the Major on a line with the rear company; the Adjutant on a line with the second company ; the Sergeant-Major on a line with the company next pre- ceding the rear — each six jiaces from the flank (left) opposite to the reviewing officer; the staff officers in one rank, according to the order of precedency, from the riglit, four paces in rear of the column ; the music, j)reccded by the jn-incipal musician, six paces before the Col- onel ; the pioneers, preceded by a Corporal, four paces before the principal musician; and the tiuartermaster-Sergcant two paces from the side opposite to the guides, and in line with the pioneers. Review. 47 348 All otber officers and non-commissioned officers will march past in the places prescribed for them in the march of an open col- umn. The guides and soldiers will keep their heads steady to the front in passing in review. 349 The color-bearer will remain in the ranks while passing and saluting. 350 The music will begin to play at the command to march, aud after passing the reviewing officer, wheel to the left out of the coluniu, and take a position opposite and facing him, and will con- tinue to play until the I'ear of the column shall have^ passed him, when it will cease, and follow in the rear of the battalion, unless the battalion is to pass in quick time also, in which case it will keep its position. 351 The officers will salute the reviewing officer when they annvc within six paces of him, and recover their swords when six paces past him. All officers, in saluting, will cast their eyes toward the reviewing officer. 352 The Colonel, when he has saluted at the head of the bat- talion, will place himself near the reviewing officer, and will remain there until the rear has passed, when he will rejoin the battalion. 353 The colors will salute the reviewing officer, if entitled to it, when within six paces of him, and be raised when they have passed liy him an equal distance. The drums will beat a march, or ruffle, according to the rank of the reviewing officer, at the same time that the colors salute. 354 When the column has passed the reviewing officer, the Co- lonel will direct it to the ground it marched from, and command. Guide left, in time for the guides to cover. The column having arrived on its ground, the Colonel will command, 1. Column. 2. Halt I form it in order of battle, and cause the ranks to be opened as in par- agraph 341. The review will terminate by the whole saluting as at the beginning. 355 If, however, instructions have been previously given to march the troops past in quick time also, the Colonel will, instead of changing the guides, halting the column, and wheeling it into line, as above directed, give the command, 1. Quick time. 2. March I 48 Review. In p^stting tba rcvicwinfr officer ngain, no salute vrill be offerod by eii her officers or iiu-n. The music will have kept its positiou oppo- site the rcTicwiiif; officer, nnon<, when the officer of the guard takes post twelve paces in front of tlie centre, theScrgcants in om- rank, four paces in the rear of the officers ; and the Corporal's in one rank, four paces in the rear of the Sergeants — all facing to tlie front. The adjutant then assigns their places in the guard. 36^ The Adjutant will then command. 1. Officer and non-comminxtonrd nffirrrn. 2. About — Fate. 3. Inspect your rfuards — March ! The non-commissioned officers then take their posts. The command- er of the giiard then commands, 3* 50 Guard-mounting. 1. (frdrr — AuMS. 2. Inspection — Arms. and inspccls liis guard. When there is no commissioned officer on the jniard. the Adjutant will iiv«peot it. During inspection the hand wlllplsy. ;{ri",( Tlic inspection ended, the officer of llie piiard takes post us though the guard wore a company of a hattalion, in ojien order under review ; nt the same time, also, tlie officers of ilie day will take post in front of the centre of tlie guard; the old officer of the day three paces on the right of the new officer of the day, one pace retired. 370 The Adjutant will now command, 1. rara. M.vRcu I and the relief proceeds in the same manner until the whole arc re- lieved. 885 The detachments and sentinels from the old guard having come in, it will be marched at nhmtUrred arm», along the front ef the new guard, in ijuick time, the new guard standing at presented arm$ ; officers saluting, and the music of both guards beating, except at the outposts. Guards. 53 386 On arriving at the regimental or garrison parade, the com- mander of the old guard will send the detachments composing it, un- der charge of the non-commissioned officers, to their respective regi- ments. Before the men are dismissed, their pieces will be drawn or discharged at a target. On rejoining their compnnions, the chiefs of squads will examine the arms, &c., of their men, and cause (he whole to be put away in good order. 387 When the old guard has marched off fifty paces, the officer of the new guard will order his men to stack tlieir arms, or place them in the arm racks 388 The commander of the guard will then make himself ^ac- quainted with all the instructions for his post, visit the sentinels, and question them and the non-commissioned officers relative to the in- structions they may have received from other persons of the old guard. ARTICLE XXXIII. GUARDS 389 Sentinels will be relieved every two hours, unless the state of the weather, or other causes, should make it necessary or proper that it be done at shorter or longer intervals, 390 Each relief, before mounting, is inspected by the com- mander of the guard or of its post. The Corporal reports to him, »nd presents the old relief on its return. 391 The counterfign, or watchword, is given to such persons as are entitied to pass during the night, and (o officers, non-commission- ed officers, and sentinels of the guard. Inferior guards receive the countersign only when ordered by the commander of the troops. 392 The paroZc is imparted to such officers only as have a right to visit the guards, and to make the grand rounds ; and to officers commanding guards. •^93 As soon as the new guard has been marched off, the officer of the day will repair to the office of the commanding officer and re- port for orders. 394 Thfe officer of the d,ay must see that the officer of the guard is furnishc'l with the parole and countersign before retreat. 395 The officer of day visits the guards during (he day at such times as he may deem necessary, and makes his rounds at night at least once after 12 o'clock. 3'^fi Upon being relieved, the officer of the day will make cuch remarks in the report of the officer of the guard as circumstances re- quire, and present the same at head-quarters. 397 Commanders of guards leaving their posts to visit their 54 Offjrcr of the OtiI OF GUARD REPORT. Roportofa Guard mount-d at— , on the — , and reliovcd on tin;—. Parole. Countersign. i a 2- c S u g i 1 J -fj o. c 1 'i < Detail. i Artioles iu Cliariie. ir" LI.. E. F. G.H. A l.«t B |4tl C leth 2d Relief. From — to - and — to — 1 1 3d Relief. j From — to — and — to — iRt. Name. ICo.l Rl. I. J. D 3'1 '' O. P. V, 8tli K. L. E 21 i Q. R, H |9lli M,.V. F !.5tli S. T. Ill Oil 1 2 3 T S. rgeant W. V.,('o. A. 1st Arti 2 [OirporalW. X.,Co. B, 1st lufantrv. 3 ICorporal Y. Z., Co. C, 3d Infantry." Where posted. fJnard House. Magazine. Qiiarnrr Store. !NTg't (iiiard. Corp'l Guard. LIST OK PRISONERS. s =' ' Confined. No. Names. S « 1 Charges. Sentences. Rim.ark-, 1 When. By whom. 1 2 3 4 5 A. B. C, Licjt. — Rcgf- ^• Commanding the Guard. 56 Duties of Sentinels. by brinfrfni; the loft hand brisklj- (othe muske*, as high as ll:o right ■hoiiMer. 412 The sentinel at any I'fist of the piinrd. when ho fcos nnj body of troops, or an officer entitled to compliiiicnt, approach, must call — " Titrn out the ffuard .'" and announce who approaches. 413 (luards do not turn out as a matter of compliment after llun^^cl ; but sentinels will, when officers in uniform approach, pay them proper attention, by facing to the proper front, and standing steady at nhoulilcnd arms. This will be observed until the evening is so far advanced (hat the sentinels begin challenging. 414 After retreat (or the hour appointed by the commanding officer,) until hroad daylight, a sentinel challenges every person who approaches him, taking, at the same time, lite position of arms port. He will sutfor no person to come nearer than within reach of hit bayonet, until tiie person has given the countersign. 415 A sentinel, in challenging, will call out — " W ho romes there?" If answered — *^ Friend, with //ic roMn/fr»iyn," and he be in- structed to pass persons wiih the countersign, he will reply — "Ad- vance friend, with the countersign!" If answered — *^ Friends .'' he will reply — *' Halt, friends .' Advance om- with the countersign !" If an- swered — " Ne'.ie/" '' J'atrol," or " Cra/irf roMfif/a," he will reply — '* I/a/t .' Advance, Sergeant {or Corporal,) irith fhe countersign.'" and satisfy himself that the party is what it represents itself to be. If he liavc no autliurily to pass persons with the countersign, if the wrong countersign be given, or if the persons have not the countersign, ho will cause them to stand, and call — " Corporal of the guard.'" 410 In (he daytime, when the sentinel before the guard sees tlie oflicer of the day approach, he will call — " Turn out the guard ! officer of the day." The guard will be paraded, and salute with pre- sented arms. 417 When any jierson apjiroaches a post of the guard at night, the sentinel before (he i>os(, after cliallenging, causes him \{> iiali until examined by a non-commissioned oHicer of the guard. If it bo tiie olhcer of tiie A general order, and an important sjiecial order, must be rcaaral- lel with the writing. 447 All communications on public service are to be markcl on (he cover, " Official Business." ARTICLE XXXV. BKTURNS AND REPORTS. MONTHLY RKTrRNS. 448 Commamlcrs of regiments, corps, and posts, will make to (he Adjutant-General's office of the War Department monthly re- turns of their re8i>eclive regiments, corps, and posts, on the forms furnished from that office, and according to the directions expressed on them. In like manner, Cajitains make moniiily company returns to regimental head-<[uarlers. All monthly returns will be forwarded on the Ist day of the next month, except regimental returns, which are forwarded as soon as all the company returns are received. 449 If any company be so far from regimental head-quarters Annual Returns. . . . Field Returns. 61 as to delay the transmittal of the monthly return to the 10th of the month, the Colonel will not wait for the return of such company, but leave space for it to be entered at the Adjutant-Gencrars office ; for which purpose the Captain will transmit a copy of the return direct to the Adjutant-General, as well as to regimental head-quarters. 450 In campaign, monthly returns of divisions and detached brigades will be made to the Adjutant-General's office. They wil^ exhibit separately the several regiments, and detachments, and staff corps, and the strength of each garrison within the command. These returns, and those of regiments, corps, and posts, in campaign, will, unless otherwise ordered, be transmitted through the intermediate commanders. 451 The established ^nn^crf forms andblanks of all returns re- quired from the commanders of divisions, brigades, regiments, corps, companies, and posts, will be furnished from the Adjutant-General's office, on their requisitions annually made, or oftener, if necessary. The receipt of these forms and blanks will be immediately acknowl- edged, and afterward accounted for on the next monthly returns. 452 Manuscript returns, rolls, certificates and other docu- ments are prohibited, \inless the -pvo^ar printed forms have not been received in time. Regimental returns must be made out in the name of the Colonel, whether he be present or absent. ANNFAL KETCRNS CASUALTIES. 453 This return will exhibit the various clianges and alter- ations which may have taken place in the regiment during the pre- ceding twelve months: that is to say — a statement of the number of resignations, transfers, deaths, &c. , of commissioned oflScers ; the number of men joined by enlistment, transferred, and discharged; the number tried by Courts-Martial or by the civil law, and the na- ture of their offences ; the number of discharges, deaths, dismissals, and desertions; number joined from desertion, pardoned, Ac, &c. RETIKX OF DECEASED SOLDIERS. 454 To be forwarded to the Adjutant-General, by the Colonels of regiments, quarterhj. Also a duplicate to the Second Auditor of the Treasury. riELD RETURNS. 455 Beside? the stated returns of the fmops, such other fifld rrtyrn> and reports will be made as maybe necessary to keep the gov- ernment informed of the condition and strength of the forces. 62 Heports.... Prisoners of War.... Property. 45G After any action oraflFair, a return of the killed, wounded, and missing will be made, in which the name, rank, and regiment of cncli ofliccr and soldier will be specified, with such remarks and ex- plaiKiiions as may be requisite for the records of the Department of War. nr be necessary to establish the just claims of any individual wlup in.iy have been wounded, or of the heirs and representatives of any killed in action (taking care to specify the nature of the wound, the li'iie and place of its occurrence, the company, regiment, or corps, and the name of the Captain, Colonel, or other commanding officer). "157 The date of appointment, of detail, and of removal of all staff officers, or of officers selected for duty in staff departments, which may entitle them to receive additional pay, will be immediately re- ])ortcd by tlie officer making such appointment, detail or removal, to llio Adjulant-Oeneral, and to the Paymasterof the Department or coniiiiandto which such officers belong. 45^ Whenever any cliange takes place in the position or loca- tion of troops, the fact will be immediately reported by the command- ing officer to general, division, and department head-quarters, speci- fying the dale of departure of the whole oranyp.art of the troops, or of the arrival of any detachment ; as well as all other circumstances connected with such changes in the command. These special reports will always be accompanied by an exact return of the troops accord- ing to the establisiied printed forms. A similar report will be noted on the next montlily return of the post or station. If a new post or position be established, its situation, and the nearest post-office and projicr route to it should be reported. AW Officers on detached duty will make reports to the head- quarters of llie regiments, or corps, and to the Adjutant-General, as often as their stations may be changed, I'ltlSONEUS OF WAR CAI'TUUEl) rROl'EnTY. 4(50 A return of prisoners, and a report of the number and de- scription of ti»e killed and wounded of the enemy, will be forwarded to the Adjutant-General's office, Washington. 4f'il A return of all projierty cai)tured will be made by the com- manding officer of the troojis by wliom such capture was made, to the .Adjut'int-Gencral, at Washington, in order that it may be dis- posed of accoi'ding to the orders of the AVar Department. Troops in Campaign. 68 INSPECTION RKPORTS. 462 Inspection reports will show the discipl.'ne of the troops; their instruction in all military exci'ciscs and duties; the state of their arms, clotliing, equipments, and accoutrements of all kinds ; of their kitchens and messes ; of the barracks and quarters at the post ; of the guard house, prisons, hospital, bakfc-house, magazines, store-houses, and stores of every description ; of the stables and horses ; the con- dition of the post school; the managenient and application of the post and company funds ; the state of the post, and regimental, and comjiany books, })apors, and files ; the zeal and ability of the officers in command of troops : the capacity of the officers conducting tiie ad- ministrative and staff services, the fidelitj' and economy of their dis- bursements : the condition of all public property, and ihe amount of money in the liands of each disbursing officer; the regularity of is- sues and payments ; the mode of enforcing discipline by courts-mar- tial, and by the authority of the officers ; the propriety and legality of all punishments inflicted ; and anj' information whatsoever, con- cerning the service in any matter or particular that may merit notice, or aid to correct defects or introduce improvements. 403 Inspectors are required particularly to report if any officer is of intemperate habits, or unlit for active service by infirmity or any other cause. ARTICLE XXXVI. TROOPS IN CAMPAIGN. OUOANIZATION OF AN AKMY IN THE FIELD. 4G4 Tlie formation by divisions is the basis of the organization and administration of armies in tlic field. 465 A division consists usually of two or three brigades, either of infantry or cavalry, and troops of other corps in tlie necessary pro- portion. 466 A brigade is formed of two or more regiments. The first number takes the right. 467 Mixed brigades are sometimes formed of infantry and light cavalry, especially for tlie advanced guards. 468 As the troops arrive at the rendezvous, the general com- manding-in-chief will organize them into brigades and divisions. 46^1 The light cavalry is employed as flankers and partisans, and generally for all service out of the line. 470 Heavy cavalry belongs to the reserve, and is covered, when necessary, in marches, camps, or bivouacs, by light troops, or infantry •f the line. G4 Organization of an Army in the Field. 471 The an-angement of the troops on parade and in order of battlo is — 1st, the light infantry; 2d, infantry of the line ; 3d, light cavalry ; 4th, cavalry of the line ; 5th, heavy cavalry. The troops of the ariillcry and engineers are in the centre of the brigades, divisions, or corjii* to which they are attached ; marines take the left of other infantry ; volunteers and militia'takc the left of regular troops of the same arm, and among themselves, regiments of volunteers or militia (if the same arm take place by lot. This arrangement is varied by the general commanding-in-chief, as the circumstances of war render expedient. 472 Brigades in divisions, and divisions in the army, are num- bered from right to left ; but in reports of military operations, bri- gades and divisions are designated by the name of the general com- manding them. 473 The order of regiments in brigades and of brigades in divi- sions may be changed by the commander of the divisions for im- portant reasons, such as the weakness of some corps, or to relieve one from marching too long at the rear of the column. Such changes must be reported to the general commanding-in-chief. 474 The general commanding-in-cliief assigns the generals of divisions and of brigades to their respective commands, when the as- signment is not made by the Depai-tment of War. 475 The general of brigade inspects his troops in detail, by companies, when he takes the command and at the opening of the campaign, and as often as may be necessary to ascertain exactly their condition. The general of division makes similar inspections when he thinks proper. At these inspections the generals examine the arms, clothing, equipments, harness, horses, &c., direct the necessa- ry repairs, and designate the men and horses to remain in depot, or march with the train. 47tJ Reports of inspections are made by the general of brigade to the general of division, and by the general of division to the gen- eral cuiiinianding-in-chief. 477 During marches and all active operations, generals of brig- ade keep themselves exactly informed, by reports of corps and by their inspections, of the actual strength of the regiments, so as always, and especially after an engagement, to make accurate returns to the gen- eral of division. 478 Staff officers, and officers of engineers, ordnance, and artil- lery, according to the nature of the service, are assigned to the head- quarters of armies and divisions, and detached brigades, by order of the general commanding-in-chief, when the distribution of these offi- Contributions Orderlies. 65 cers has not been regulated by the War Ucpartmcnt, The necessary staff will be assigned to commanders of brigades. 479 When an Engineer or other ofiBcer is charged with directing an expedition or making a rcconnoissance, without having command of the escort, the commander of the escort shall consult him on all the arrangements necessary to secure the success of the operation. 480 Staff officers, and commanders of engineers, ordnance, and artillery, report to their immediate commanders the state of the sup- plies and whatever concerns the service under their direction, and receive their orders, and communicate to them those they receive from their superiors in their own corps. 481 The senior officer of engineers, of ordnance, and the de- partments of the general staff serving at the chief head-quarters in tlie field, will transmit to the bureau of his department at Washington, at the close of the campaign, and such other times as the commander in the field may approve, a full report of the operations of his depart- ment, and whatever information to improve its service he may be able to furnish. Tlie report of the officer of engincei's will embrace plans of milit.ary works executed during the campaign^and, in case of siege, ajournal of the attack or defense. CONTUIBUTIONS. 482 Wlicn the wants of the army absolutely require it, and in other cases, under special instructions from the AVar Department, the general commanding the army may levy contributions in money or kind on the enemy's country occupied by the troops. No other com- mander can levy such contributions without written authority from the general commanding-in-chief. OKDKRLir.S. 483 At the opening of a campaign, the commander of an army determines and announces in orders the number of orderlies, mount- ed or foot for the Generals, and the corps or regiments by which they are to be supplied, and the periods at which they shall be re- lieved. 484 In marches, the mounted orderlies follow the Generals, and perform the duty of escorts, or march with orderlies on foot at the head of the division or brigade 485 The staff officer who distributes the orderlies to their posts sends wifh them a note of the time and place of departure ; those re- lieved receive a like note from the staflF-officer at the head-quarters. 4 66 Depots and Camps. 480 Mount c ^' J -. ^ -i ^ ^ ^1 1 ^ S -« ^ .j( >« 6-1 S -I Camp of Cavalnj. 69 514 The front of the camp of a regiment of 1000 men in two ranks will be 400 paces, or one fifth less paces than the number of files, if the camp is to have the same front as the troops in order of battle. But the front may be reduced to 190 paces by narrowing the company streets to 5 paces ; and if it be desirable to reduce the front still more, the tents of companies may be pitched in single file — those of a division facing on the same street. CAMP OF CAVALRY. 515 In the cavalry, each company has one file of tents — the tents opening on the street facing the left of the camp, 61G The horses of each company are placed in a single file, facing the opening of the tents, and are fastened to pickets planted firmly in the ground, from 3 to 6 paces from the tents of the troops. 517 The interval between the file of tents should be suclithat, the regiment being broken into column of companies [as indicated in plate,] each company should be on the extension of the line on which the horses are to be picketed. 518 The streets sepai-atiug the squadi'ons are wider than those between the companies by the interval sei)aratiug squadrons in line ; these intervals are kept free from any obstruction throughout the camp. 510 The horses of the rear rank are placed on the left of those of their file-leaders. 520 The horses of the Lieutenants are placed on the right of their platoons; those of the Captains on the right of the company. 621 Each horse occupies a space of about 2 paces. The num- ber of horses in the company fixes the depth of the camp, and the distance between the files of tents ; the forage is placed between the tents. 522 The kitchens are 20 paces in front of each file of tents. 523 Tlic non-commissioned oflBcers are in the tents of the front. rank. Camp-followers, teamsters, &c., are in the rear rank. The police guard in the rear rank, near the centre of the regiment. 524 The tent&of the Lieutenants are 30 paces in rear of tlie file of their company; the tents of the Captains 30 paces in rear of the Lieutenants. 525 The Colonel's tent 30 paces in rear of the Captains', near the centre of the regiment ; the Lieutenant-Colonel on his right ; the Adjutant on his left; the Majors on tlie same line, opposite the 2d company on the right and left ; the Surgeon on the left of the Ad- jutant. TO Camjy of Artillery. 62G The fiolJ nnd staff have their horses on the left of their tents, on the same line with the company horses; sick horses arc placed in one line on the right or left of the camp. The men who a(tenrivoles. For a .'•niallcr force, the picket is in pro])ortion to the Btrcngib of the detachment. 687 Officers and men of the i)icket who march on detachment or guard before retreat will be replaced. 688 The picket is assembled by the Adjutant at guard-mouut- ing ; it is posted twelve paces in rear of the guard, and is inspected by its own commansacks on, cavalry on foot. The j)icket is assembled at retreat; the officer has the roll called, and inspects the arms. The picket sleep in their tents, but without undressing. 691 The picket does not assemble at night except incases of alarm, or when the whole or a part is to march : then the officer of the day calls the officers, the latter the non-commissioned officers, and these the men, for which purpose each ascertains the tents of those he is to call: they are assembled without beat of dAim or other Qoise. At night, cavalry pickets assemble mounted. 692 rickets rejoin their companies whenever the regiment is under arms for review, drill, march, or battle. GKAXI) OlAnUS AM) (ITIIKU OITI'OSTS. 693 Grand guards arc the advanced posts of a camp or canton- ment, and should cover the ajqtroaches to it. The number, strength, and position are regidaleil by tiic commanders of brigades; in de- tached corps, by thecommHiMling officer. NVhen it can be, the grand guards of cuvolry and infantry arc combined, the cavalry furnisliing the advanced sentinels. When the cavalry is weak, the grand guards are infantry, but furnished with a few cavalry soldiers, to get and carry intelligence of the enemy. 694 The strength of the grand guard of a brigade will depend on its object and the strength of the regiments, the nature of the country, the position of the enemy, and tlie disposition of the inhab- itants. It is usually commanded by a Captain. Grand Guards. 79 505.;....Dik1cv the supervision of (he Generals of Division and Brigade, tlio grand guards arc specially under llic direction of a field officer of the day in each brigade. In case of necessity, Captains may be added (o the roster of Lieutenant-Colonels and Majors for this detail. 596 Staff oflBcers, sent from division head-quarters to inspect the posts of grand guards, give them orders only in urgent cases, and in the absence of (he field otficer of the day of the brigade. 597 Grand guards usually mount at the same (imc as the other guards, but may mount before day-break if the General of Brigade thinks it necessary to double the ou(pos(s at that time. In this case they ap-cmble and march Avithout noise, and during their march throw out scou(s ; (his precaution should always be taken in the first post- ing of a grand guard. The doubling of guards weakens the corps and fatigues the men, and should seldom be resorted to, and never when preparing to march or fight. 698 A grand guard is conducted to its post, in the first instance, by (he field officer of the day, guided by a staif officer who accompa- nied (lie General in his reconnoisance. After the post has been es- tablislied. (he commander sends (o the field officer of (he day, when necessary, a soldier of (he guard to guide the relieving guard to the post. He also sends to him in the evening a corporal or trusty man of the guard for the note containing the parole and countersign, and sends (liom before dark to the detached posts. He will not suffer liis guard (fi be relieved, except by a guard of (he brigade, or by special orders. 699 If there is no pass tn be observed or defended, the grand guards are placed near (he centre of (he ground they are to observe, on sheltered, and, if possible, higli ground, the better (o conceal their strength and observe (he enemy ; the3' ought not to be placed near the edge of a wood. When, during the day, they are placed very near, or in sight of the enemy, (hey fall back at night on posts sel- ected farther to the rear. 600 In broken or mountainous countries, and particularlj'if the inhabitants are ill disposed, in(ermediate po8(s must be established when it is necessary to post (lie grand guard distant from (lie camp. 601 Grand guards are chiefly to watch the enemy in front; their flanks are protected by o.Tch o(her, and (he camp must furnish posts to protect their rear an08( are under arms. 024 Cavalry patrols shoulil examine tlie country to a greater distance ilian infantry, and report to the infantry guard every thing they observe. The morning patrols and scouts do not return until broad daylight ; and when they return, the night sentinels are with- drawn, and the jxisls for the day resumed. C25 When jiatrids are sent beyond the advanced posts, the posts and sentinels should be warned. 620 On their return, commanders of patrols report in regard to the ground and every thing they have observed of the movements of the enemy, or of his posts, and the commandant of the grand guard reports to the field officer of the day. 027 The fires of the grand guards should be hidden by a Avail, or ditch, or other screen. To deceive the enemy, fires arc sometimes Intrenched Posts. 83 made on ground not occupied. J^ires are not permitted at small posts lialtlc to surprise. 628 The horses of cavalry guards are watered or fed by detach- ments ; during •which the rest are ready to mount. 620 If a body of troops attempt to enter the camp at niglit, un- less tlicir arrival has been announced, or the commander is known to or is the bearer of a written order to the commander of the grand guard, he stops them, and sends the commander under escort to the field officers of the day, and warns the posts near him. 630 Bearers of flags are not permitted to pass the outer chain of sentinels ; their faces are turned from the post or army : if neces- sary, their eyes are bandaged ; a non-commissioned officer stays with them to prevent indiscretion of tlie sentinels. 6;'l The commandant of the grand guard receipts for dispatch- es, and sends them to the field officer of the day or General of Brigade, and dismisses the bearer; but if he has discovered what ought to be concealed from the enemy, he is detained as long as necessary. 632 , ...Deserters are disarmed at the advanced posts, and sent to the commander of the grand guard, who gets from them all the in- formation he can concerning his post. If many come at night, they are received cautiously, n few at a time. They are sent in the morn- ing to the field officer of the day, or to tlie nearest post or camp, to be conducted to the General of the brigade. All suspected persons are searched by tlie commanders of the posts. 633 When an enemy advances to attack, unless he is in too great force, or the grand guard is to defend an intrenched post or a defile, it will take the positions and execute the movements to check the enemy, acting as skirmishers, or fighting in close or open order, as maj' be best. The guard joins its corps when in line, or when a sufficient number of troops have reached the ground it de- fends. TSTRKKCHED POSTS. 034 Unless the army be acting on the defensive, no post should be intrenched, except to cover the weak parts of tlie line, or at points whicli the enemy can not avoid, or in mountain warfare, or to close a defile, or cover winter quarters. C35 Poits connected with the operations of an army are in- trenched only by order of the General commanding-in-chief or a General of Division. 636 Any intrencbmcnt that requires artillery is considered as a post, and a guard or garrison and commander arc assigned to it. 84 Detachments. 887 The ncnercl who establishes an intrenched post givea to its coinnianossibIe to estimate their force, or lo tell whether they arcirregular forces or an advanced guard. 000 These operations require vigilance, secrec}', energy, tnd promptness. The jiartisan commander must frequently supply by stratagem and audacity what he wants in numbers. 601 These detachments arc sometimes composed of difl'ercnt arms, but the service belongs more particularly to the light cavah-y, which can move lo a distance by rapid marches, surprise the enemy, attack unexpectedly, and retire as promi>tly. 002 Stormy weather, fogs, extreme, lieat, and the night above all, are favorable to the success of ambuscades; wlien the enemy are careless, the break of day is the best time. A partisan commander should communicate to his second in command his secret orders, the direction and object of the expedition, and the ditferent puiuia ut junction with the army. 663 Guides of the country and spies arc often necessary to the parti.^an. They are examined separately, and confronted if their accounts difl'er. When tlierc is but one guide, he marches with the advanced guard, guanled by two men, and bound if necessary. Ped- dlers and smugglers are specially suitable for epics. OCi A fit time to attack a convoy is at a halt, or when tliey be- gin to park, or when they are watering, or passing a wood or a de- file; iif a bend of the road, a bridge, or steep ascent. Marches. 87 665 The attacking party may be principally cavalry, ■with some infantry. The first olijcct is to disperse the escort. A part of the detachment attacks the main body of the escort, another the wag- ons, and a third is in reserve ; skirmishers line the road, and try to cut the traces, and to seize the front and rear -wagons, and turn them across the road, to prevent the train from advancing or retreating. 666 If the convoy is parked, the cavalry surrounds it, assails the escort, and tries to draw it away from the train. The infantry then engage the troops remaining at the park, slip under the wagons, and get into the park. When the cavalry is alone and the enemy are shaken, they dismount a portion of the men to supply the -want of in- fantry. 667 If it is a large convoy, the principal attack is made on the centre ; the most valuable wagons are also selected, and additional horses arc put to them if the attack is successful. Those that can not be carried off are burned. 668 The object of the movement and the nature of the ground determine the order of march, the kind of troops in each column, and the number of columns. 669 The force is divided into as many columns as circumstances permit, without weakening any one too much. They ought to pre- serve their communications, and be within supporting distance of each other. The commander of each column ought to know the strength and direction of the others. 670 The advance and rear guards are usually light troops ; their strength and composition depend on the nature of the ground and the position of the enemy. They serve to cover the movements of the army, and to hold the enemy in check until the General has time to make his arrangements. 071 The advance guard is not always at the head of the col- umn ; in a march to a flank, it takes such positions as cover the movement. Sappers arc attached to the advanced guard if required. 672 The "general," sounded one hour before the time of march- ing, is the signal to strike tents, to load the wagons, and pack horses, and send them to the place of assembling. The fires are then put out, and care taken to avoid burning straw, &c., or giving to the enemy any other indication of the movement. 673 The "marcli'' will be beat in the infantry, and the " ad- vance" pounded in the cavalry, in succession, a? each is to take its place in the column. 88 Marches. 674 When (he nmiy should form suddenlj to meet the enemy, the "lortff roll" is beat, nnd " to horte" sounded. The troops form rapidly in front of their cnnip. G76 Itntleries of artillery nnd their caissons move with the corps to which they are ntiachcd; tiie field train and nmbulniices march at thtrear of the column ; and the baggage with therear guard. €u<> Cavalry and infantry do not march together, unless the proximity of the enemy makes it necessary. 677 In cavalry marches, when distant from the enemy, eacli regiment, and, if possible, each S(juadron, forms a separate column, in order to kee]> up the same gait from front to rear, and to trot, when desirable, on good ground. In such cases, the cavalry may leave camp later, and can give more rest to the horses, antl more at- tention to the shoeing and harness. Horses are not bridled until the time to start. 678 When necessary, the orders specify the rations the men are to carry in their haversacks. The field officers and Captains make inspections frequently during the march ; at halts they examine the knapsacks, valises, and haversacks, and throw away all articles not autliorized. The ofliccrs and non commissioned officers of cavalry comimnies attend pcr.xonally to the packs and girths G79 When it can be avoided, troops should not be assembled on higli roads or other places where they interrupt the communica- tion. 080 Generals of Division and commanders of detached corps send a staff officer to the rendezvous, in advance, to receive the troops, who, on arriving, take their place in tlie order of battle, and forui in close column, unless otlierwise ordered. Artillery, or trains halted on the roads, form in file on one side. 681 The execution of nuirching orders must jiot be delayed. If the couuiiunder is not at the heusnry, till the column passes. The column wliich has precedence must yield it if the com- mander, on seeing the orders of the other, finds it for the interest of the service. nATTLES. 609 Dispositions for 1)attlc depend on tlio number, kin