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 mmSL events am HISTORY of the present revolution, 
 
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 A DAILY CHRONICLE 
 
 ; 
 
 PRINCIPAL EVENTS AND niSTORY OF TOE PRESENT REVOLUTION, 
 
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 to wiiKir is <u>ni:r> 
 
 n i >TES ANXLOESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THK GB EAT BA1 
 
 DING WALK! I tVE OF Tin: BATTL] 
 
 ; 
 
 !I. ( . CLARKE 
 
 VI- 
 
1" ding l" Ait o( -. in the yoflr 18 
 
 r.v II. O. ( LABKJ 
 
 :i. District of the Confederate 
 r the I district of Mississippi. 
 
 AUGUSTA. OA : 
 
 NKL, 
 
^■rs ■ 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The following compendium of the principal events in the History of 
 the old Union have been gathered from reliable data. The matter -was 
 originally prepared for the "Confederate States Almanac, 1 ' for 18G2, and 
 is now re-published with some corrections, and many additions. 
 
 The Diary of the "War has been compiled with caro and considerable 
 labor, having to search and sift out dates and facts from the oi'ten-times 
 contradictory statements of dispatches and correspondence. Great pains 
 have been taken to avoid errors ; and we believe that the facts are correct, 
 although in many instances an approximation to correctness is all that 
 can be obtained in a matter like this, made up from the sources at hand. 
 The losses of the Confederates in battle was made from official Reports, 
 whenever such reports have been published, and from reliable corres- 
 pondence. The Federal losses in battle have been taken from the reports 
 of Confederate officers, as no reliance can be placed in Federal accounts. 
 It is a notorious fact that they are always underrating their losses in 
 every engagement with the Southern forces. Their official Reports are 
 seldom, if ever, published. 
 
 The Narrative of the Battle of Shiloh was written by Alexander 
 "Walker, of the New Orleans Delta. The sketch was published in parts, 
 in the columns of the Delta, and is now published complete for the first 
 time. It is one of the most graphic descriptions of a battle ever written. 
 
 TlxZo 7 
 
POLITICAL REVIEW OF THE OLD UNION 
 
 The movement that threw off the rule of the mother 
 country began in tne New England Colonies. The ;e were 
 settled b) those puritans who effected the revolution of 
 1G20, and decapitated Charles T. The Southern colonies 
 were occupied \}y a more loyal 'i '■ ie noble family 
 
 of Baltimore was granted, by Royal Charter, the province 
 of Maryland. To other stauricTi adherents of the crown 
 were accorded grants and privileges in yirginia, North and 
 South Carolina, and G-eorgia. 
 
 With antecedents so opposite l*th North and South 
 joined heartily in the War of Independen ing equal 
 
 sacrifices and dividing fairly its triumphs. In 1781, the 
 gling States formed a Confederation, and ] - ; clt- 
 
 governlhent. The ftritten Charl 789 foltotv Mho 
 
 form and n.-. the British Constitution. Supreme 
 
 power Was divided between the executive and legislative 
 brand i1 all were elective. The exe< utive power was 
 
 vested in one person for a term of four year.-, with special 
 duties assigned. The Legislature was divided into two 
 Houses, with separate prerogatives. All power no! 
 tively delegated to the F< iovernment was reserved 
 
 to the I tates. 
 
 Qe< i was t] Federal magistrate, 
 
 chosen from a list of twelve candidal 
 
 Dp to this period, tlie politicians of the country had. 
 contended in l b ••' t the 
 
their en 
 . 
 
 Lev divided into 
 ftieo through the pro- 
 !. s. Tin' New England Si 
 
 deral 
 tution. This was 
 The Bouthern States, led by Thomas 
 . maintained State rights Federal encroach- 
 
 I ' ■ ■ ratfc party. 
 ii Adams, of Kfassa ted Pre- 
 
 During his term the Alien* and 
 by the F< d ral I 
 tpposed by the q <»t' the 
 
 in their opinion, they invested I utive 
 
 with : conferred by the Constitution and inimical 
 
 palar rights. The creation of b a] bank was 
 
 of keen controversy. The public men of the* 
 ed it with energy, while those <>t the South 
 titutional and of doubtful expediency, 
 mas Jefterson, of Virginia, was elected Pre- 
 sident During this term, the New England States, dift- 
 1 ;i bitter animosity to the South, which arose, chiefly, 
 from the South haying put a limit to the slave-trade, in 
 which th< re profitably I. WTiem there- 
 
 on proposed the purchase of I 
 
 States violently I, because 
 
 it increased tl »rj and pow< 
 
 . .1 the pun ha-.-. A.pril, i 
 
 • i ; be I ' 
 ad term was troubled by the war bel 
 
 ler, all 
 ■ n pain of thr< e j i are 1 
 
 at or 
 imnrisoin <1 for 
 
7 * 
 
 England and France. The Berlin and Milan decrees of 
 Napoleon, and the Orders in Council of the British Govern- 
 ment, equally assailed American interests. Our vess< Is, 
 bound either to English or French ports, incurred capture 
 and confiscation. This left but one alternative, either to 
 abandon our trade with Europe, or go to war to protect it. 
 To escape the latter, President Jefferson recommended an 
 Embargo Act, to put a temporary stop to all our foreign 
 trade. This was vehemently opposed by the New England 
 States, because their interests, being chiefly commercial, 
 were seriously damaged. The Embargo Act was passed by 
 Congress in December, 1807 ; whereupon the Eastern States 
 threatened to secede from the Union, and form a Northern 
 Confederacy. 
 
 In 1809, James Madison, of Virginia, was elected Presi- 
 dent. Soon after his accession, March, 1809, the Embargo 
 A<t was repealed, to appease the New England States : and 
 a less stringent law, the Non-intercourse Act, was passed 
 by Congress, May, 1809, which prohibited trade with Eng- 
 land and France. New England, however, carried on an 
 indirect trade with Europe, through Canada. Tn spite of 
 all these precautions by the Government, our interests and 
 dignity were incessantly outraged by England. Finally, 
 the indignation of the country compelled Congress to de- 
 clare war, May, 1812. 
 
 In 1813, James Madison was re-eleeted President. During 
 the war, the Government was supported by direct taxes and 
 requisitions upon the States; but the New England States 
 refused for tlic most part, to contribute.* The war closed, 
 January, 1815. To rescusitate the Federal treasury, a new- 
 financial policy was inaugurated. A tariff of high i 
 was passed by Congress, April, 1816; New England advo- 
 cated this law, because, (luring the war, she had transf 
 her capital from commerce to manufactures, for which she 
 desired protection. The South was injured by the tariff, 
 but she supported it from patriotic motive-. John C. Cal- 
 
 * Nilos' Register. 
 
arolina, wen introdm 
 
 below which 
 nal Bank i 
 
 i one bavins • ' <l in 
 
 country | 
 arred b politician* of 
 
 i and the Booth, till 1820, when Missouri 
 ■ the l "iiion . e State. 
 
 ■ cUy, on bhe ground of 
 Che Uni r of diesoiu- 
 
 -. dually, Missouri was admitted by Congre 
 
 • thereafter n<» Slave 
 d north of parallel of 
 
 21 rames M< Ldent Dur- 
 
 •i the j»oliii 
 
 abject o£ 
 
 icy inaugurated at t] New England 
 
 ;•'•-!■ aufaetures. This the 
 
 oj on •:• ground that her manufactures had 
 
 i i nough, and o< an in rea i of tile 
 
 rimentad to the interests of the 
 
 In lbhu Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts, was 
 
 ['resident. During this term, a heated contest was 
 
 .. between New England and the South, on the 
 
 !• L828, b new act was. passed by Congress, 
 
 . the duties to an almost prohibitory Btandard. 
 
 i. «mi imports. The South 
 
 • "Black Tariff!" 
 
 : ■ ame I'ivh- 
 
 i ' ng thist ::n. • Tariff policy of NTew 
 
 •yided 
 
9 
 
 England led to violent remonstrance in South Carolina, 
 whose interests were seriously injured. She alleged that a 
 policy to enrich one section of the country at the expense 
 of another was unjust and unconstitutional. She threaten- 
 ed to resist this policy by force. A compromise was ef- 
 fected, March, 1833, by which the obnoxious Tariff was 
 modified by Congress. 
 
 In 1833, Andrew Jackson was re-elected President. Dur- 
 ing thft term an acrimonious struggle* was carried on be- 
 tween the politicians of the North* and South, on the Na- 
 tional Bank, created at the peace. The former maintained 
 it was necessary to their trade and commerce ; the latter, 
 while denying its constitutionality and expediency, also 
 avowed their fears of its becoming a political machine, that 
 might, in the hands of unscrupulous politicians, do much 
 harm. The charter was allowed to expire in 183G. A 
 policy known under tin 1 name of "Internal Improvements,'' 
 was also discussed in this term. It had the support of the 
 North, but the South opposed it, as favoring one section 
 at the cost of the others. 
 
 In 1837, Martin A^an Buren, of New York, was elected 
 President. During this term, great financial disorder pre- 
 vailed in the country. The Northern politicians proposed, 
 ;i :i panacea, a new National Bank, a higher Tariff, and a 
 Bankrupt Law. The South opposed them ail, as unneces- 
 sary and sectional in their tendency. 
 
 In 1841, William Henry Harrison, of Ohio, was elected 
 President. He died soon after his accession to office. The 
 idency was then administered by the Vice-President. 
 • John Tyler, of Virginia, as provided by the Constitution. 
 During this term, Northern policy mostly prevailed. The 
 Tariff was augmented. September, 1841, and August, 1842. 
 A Bankrupt Law was passed, August, L841.f A law was 
 
 Th( -i politicians* dropped the title of "Federalist" in 1824, 
 
 and • of in l£88. 
 
 tBj this act priva& mount off l W,< 
 
 :ancclled. 
 
• 
 
 . 1841, dividing the public 
 
 in proportion bo their 
 
 as favorable to tlu' manu- 
 
 Jand : t • iff &QH) 
 
 from the public lands, it 
 
 :1 Imperative, to insure a sufficient iw- 
 
 v bank charter failed. At the end of 
 
 he Bankrupt A.t was repealed L9#8. A 
 
 admitted to the Union, Maivh 
 
 The Lividing the public lands was repeal- 
 
 12, as ii v a- found necessary to retain them 
 
 .-! loans. 
 
 In I i\. Polk, of Ten inaugurated 
 
 D iring his term, tlie Tariff, which was pressing 
 
 the interests of the South, was modified duly. 
 
 ent, in o Bpecial message to Congre 
 
 announced that the Government of Mexico 
 
 gainst the < Jonfederacy. < >n 
 
 tlii f the country, North and South 
 
 and West, united in declaring war against Mexico. The 
 
 : February, I "I s . The treaty Of Guadalupe- 
 
 [Ii Inch followed, ceded California and New Mexico 
 
 to tl 
 
 In 1849, Zaclary Taylor, of Louisiana, beeame President. 
 During this term, the old issues between the politicians of 
 the N«»rth and South were abandoned, to wit: the Tariff 
 j." mal Bank, i no of Entenial [mprove- 
 
 • : the Public Lands. Th<- recent aoqeti- 
 B*iti . (lorded the public men of 
 
 i »f discussion. The North con- 
 
 mitting Blavery into the new territory. 
 
 The South • • right to joint occupation was 
 
 in law and equity, and proposed that 
 
 L820 should be renewed, by extending 
 
 tie M Pacific Ocean. This the 
 
 !. The controversy became 
 
ii #a> 
 
 so violent that a separation of the North and South seemed 
 imminent. A compromise, however, took place in 1850, 
 which stopped the -discussion, hut did not settle the main 
 point in dispute, namely : the right of the South to joint 
 occupation of all new territory. 
 
 In 1853, Franklin Pierce, of New Hampshire, became 
 President. During this term, the discussion on slavery was 
 renewed. A portion of western territory, named Nebraska, 
 was divided into two territories. One of these was called 
 Kansas, and the other Nebraska. The compromise line of 
 3(>° 30' ran to the south of these territories, which would 
 have given Kansas as well as Nebraska, the largest, to the 
 North. On the proposition of the Senator from Illinois, 
 Stephen A Douglas, the compromise* line was repealed by 
 Congress. Emigrant societies were established in Massa- 
 chusetts and Connecticut, in 1854, to furnish pecuniary aid 
 to settlers in Kansas. In consequence, a hostile population 
 from the North poured into Kansas. Bands of armed men 
 from the North paraded the territory. The Federal Go- 
 vernment, whose jurisdiction extended over this distant 
 country, was finally forced to interfere. The leaders of the 
 anti-slavery propaganda, having violated the Federal pre- 
 rogative by passing a Constitutionf and electing a Go- 
 vernor, were indicted for treason, and obliged to take 
 
 Might.! 
 
 In 1857, James Buchanan, of .Pennsylvania, was inaugu- 
 rated President. The whole of this term was disturbed by 
 a heated contest between the politicians of the North, on 
 the subject of slavery in the territories. Towards the close 
 of this Presidency, the prolonged strife between the politi- 
 
 The Missouri Compromise line. 
 
 Bed the Topeka Constitution, after the village where the Conten- 
 tion met. 
 
 * The Northern politicians, during this term, dropped the appellation 
 of "Whig," and assumed thai of "Republican," better known aj "Blade 
 Republican. 11 
 
12 
 
 f slavery 1 , was taken ap by the people 
 the two sections, in an election for a new President, 
 
 >rthern States, being in tin- 
 majority, pronounced in fevotf of Abraham Lincoln, of 
 i of thei lal views. Under these 
 
 Southern States have dissolved their 
 with the Union. The civil compact they made 
 with the Northern States, in L7£#, guaranteeing equal rights 
 rid equal protection to all. had been violated. 
 minority in the Confedei 3 could oppo 
 
 no Legal barrier to the anti-slavery sentiments of the North, 
 which, carried into legislation, would confiscate their pro- 
 perty, and even involve their liv< 
 
 - MK. 
 
 This clc brief retrospect of Our Federal history 
 
 I 1;- ■ tcid I believe il to be unbiassed. It thus 
 
 appears that, from the tir I Presidency to the last, the pub- 
 lic i mfl South have differed in their 
 
 fcerenees i*an 30 high in tic 
 '7. that a England 
 
 ►mmercial interests were injured, were on 
 from the ( 'onfederacy. 
 It likewise appears ,: them States, to the detri- 
 
 ment of their interests, vote 1 for a Tariff and a Bank, 18] 
 in order 1 bhe Federal Government and bon- 
 
 ciliati Btern Sti 
 
 i ; fclie Southern States, finding 
 
 thei d by the extreme Tariff policy of i i i«> 
 
 through South Carolina, L832, to nullify 
 the Federal I 
 
 It linai!; that the various points of natiomil 
 
 !•<»!' • by our public men of the Korth and South, 
 
 lively disposed of by the popular vol' 
 i8ofth< North, in spite oi compromises, fchouglrl 
 
 question of shivery, in 18 
 
13 
 
 1 1 i s r r o 17 v o f 
 
 ABOLITIONISM IN THE NORTHERN STATES. 
 
 vomtEaMoNs op the ABOBifiourrsTs am> Fanatics of the jtobtd ox the 
 
 inc.HTS AXH IMHU'ERTY 01' THE SOl'Tlt. SlUHiUW FSB I'AI'sb 
 
 that TEn t<> rnn DISSOLUTION <>r Tin: r\i"\. 
 
 - Abolitionism, under the guise of philanthropic reform, 
 has pursued its course with energy, holclness and unrelent- 
 ing bitterness, until it has grown from '-a cloud no bigger 
 than a man's hand'' into the dimensions of the tempest 
 which is to-day lowering over the land, charged with the 
 elements of destruction. Commencing with a pretended 
 love for the black race, it has arrived at. a stage of restless, 
 uncompromising fanaticism, which will he satisfied with 
 nothing short of the consummation of its wildesl hop 
 Tt has become the grand question of the day at the North — 
 of politics, of ethics, of expediency, of justice, of conscience, 
 and of law, covering the whole field of human society and 
 divine government. 
 
 In this view of the subject, and in view also of the sur- 
 rounding circumstances of the country, which have their 
 origin in this agitation, we give below a history of aboli- 
 tionism from the period it commenced to exist, as an active 
 nent in the affairs of the nation, down to the prescn; 
 moment. 
 
 ABOLITIONISTS AND THEIR OBJECTS. 
 
 'flic real ultra abolitionists, who comprise the larger body 
 of the people of the North — the "reformers,' in the lan- 
 guage of Henry Clay, are "resolved to persevere at all 
 hazards, and without regard to any consequences, however 
 calamitous they may lie. With them, the rights of pro- 
 perty are nothing; the deficiency of the powers of the 
 
M 
 
 . knowledged and 
 
 • •• . • - nothing ; civil war. 
 
 tionofthe union, and the overthrow of a govern- 
 
 •■ d the fondest hopes of thfi 
 
 civile • : the immediate 
 
 abolition rohibkion of the removal of slaws 
 
 and th I to admit anv new 
 
 - 
 
 r, within its limits the institution of don 
 ■ - being bail so many ducH e to 
 
 mplishmeorl of the ultimate end at which they 
 edly and boldly aim — so many short it w i re, 
 
 ly road to the distant goal at which 
 
 would ultimately arrive. Tl is abolition, 
 
 bly if it can. forcibly if it most. 1 " 
 Utterly destitute of constitutional, or other rightful 
 r; living in totally distinct communities, as alien to 
 in which the Bubjecl oh which they would 
 . political power over that 
 Bubji • they lived in Asia or Africa, they nevertheless 
 
 the world their purpose to immediately con- 
 without compensation, foUr millions of profitable and 
 into four millions of burdensome and dis- 
 
 Thia idea, which originated, and still generally prevails. 
 m England, is the result of that puritanical frenzy 
 terizod thai section of the country, 
 and made it the natural breeding-ground of the moat ab- 
 surd concocted. The Puritans of to-day are 
 fanatical than were the Puritans of two centuries 
 have pi i. rather than retrograded, 
 Their god then was the angry, wrathful, jealous god of the 
 
 _•'. now, is the creation of their 
 
 own intellects, proportioned in dimensions to the depth and 
 
 their individual understandings. Then, the Old 
 
 i Ktneat MM their rule of faith. Now. neither old nor 
 
 ■ tar as it accords with their consciences, 
 
 :th the paper upon which it is written. Their creeds 
 
15 
 
 are begotten of themselves, and their high-priests are those 
 who best represent their peculiar "notions." The same 
 spirit which, in the clays of Robespierre and Marat; abol- 
 ished the Lord's day and worshipped Reason, in the person 
 of a harlot, yet survives to work other horrors. In this age, 
 however, and in a community like the present, a disguise 
 must be worn; but it is the old threadbare advocacy of 
 human rights, which the enlightenment of the age con- 
 demns as impracticable. The decree has gone forth which 
 strikes at God, by striking at all subordination and law, and 
 under the specious cry of reform, it is demanded that every 
 pretended evil shall be corrected, or society become a wreck 
 — that the sun must be stricken from the heavens if a spot 
 is found upon his disc. 
 
 The abolitionist is a practical atheist. In the language 
 of one of their cougregational ministers, — Rev. Henry 
 Wright, of Massachusetts : 
 
 " The God of humanity is not the God of slavery. If so, 
 shame upon such a God. I scorn him. I will never bow 
 to his shrine ; my head shall go oft* with my hat when I 
 take it off to such a God as that. If the Bible sanctions 
 slavery, the Bible is a self-evident falsehood. And, if God 
 should declare it to be right, I would fasten the chain upon 
 the heel of such a God, and let the man go free. Such a 
 God is a phantom." 
 
 The religion of the people of New England is a peculiar 
 morality, around which the minor matters of society ar- 
 range, themselves like ferruginous particles around a load- 
 stone. All the elements obey this general law. Accus- 
 tomed to doing as it pleases, -V\\ England "morality" lias 
 usually accomplished what it has undertake,,. It has at- 
 tacked the Sunday mails, assaulted Free Masonry, triumph- 
 ed over the intemperate use of ardent snirit . and finally 
 engaged in an onslaught tgonthe Blayeryofthe South, tte 
 channel have been societies, meetings, papers, lectures, 
 sermons, resolutions, memorials, protests, legislation, private 
 
. public . in a word, every concen 
 
 .,, may ; |hl to mind. lis spiril 
 
 . ! — :in«l its 1. . fruits, and measures, 
 
 • iken tli' U r that is thoroughly 
 
 warn! 
 
 i 
 
 al ev< r Bang put more defiant 
 
 pi of religion, or authority to man. A.a to 
 
 .1 on < arili bae broken up moiri Ehend- 
 
 I families, churches and de- 
 
 or ruptured m< ms, political, 
 
 . And *s to measures ! What Bpiritof 
 
 man' earth with bolder front and wielded 
 
 ■ :,- ■ ': Stirring harrangues ! Stem resoluti 
 
 irials ! Angry pr [ncendiary pamphlets 
 
 ith! Hostile legislation al the Korth 1 tTnder- 
 
 ttlroada a1 the Wesl '. R< sistance to the Constitu- 
 
 ■ '-vision of the Union ! Military contribution ! 
 
 slum .• 1 law ! h not belligerence 
 
 . Mohamra* d'a work and the old Crusadea wciv an 
 
 i>- arms.'' 
 
 •is common enw.tfaat the Puritans persecuted 
 
 :< . Bought liberty of conscience 
 
 in thi Lmerica, <u\<i th r ilt&r. To 
 
 alvert belonga tin- imperishable glory ot 
 
 government of which universal toleration and 
 
 re the chief foundation Btooes. It is 
 
 isrkablc feet that the same spot — tin.- ahorea of Mary- 
 
 -which was thus embalmed in the affectiona of fcee- 
 
 . fter the lapse of a little more than two 
 
 be the i'u.-t territory of the great 
 
 \ the foot of the tyrant, and ti^e sk- 
 
 !ii"iiv. 
 
 true that the Puritans tied from Kngland on aecoui 
 ounting to persecution. In thus 
 -. the EogliBh of llWt day. as 
 subsequent developments have demonstrated, exhibited a 
 
17 
 
 thorough insight into the nature and tendencies of their 
 principles and character. One of their first acts, after their 
 colony had assumed some form and substance, was the 
 establishment of a spiritual despotism and religious intole- 
 rance as cruel and relentless as the Roman Inquisition in 
 Spain. Professing to be themselves religious refugees, they 
 denounced a dreary banishment against all heretics and 
 non-conformists. Every student of Americasn history is 
 familiar with the sad but ever-glorious story of Roge* 
 Williams. He was a fugitive from the persecutions of the 
 old world, but, unlike his fellow-sufferers, comprehended 
 the nature and wrong of intolerance, and proposed the true 
 remedy. He taught that " the civil magistrate should res- 
 train crime, but nevercontrol opinion ; should punish guilt, 
 but never violate the freedom of the soul." lie contended 
 for the abolition of all laws punishing non-conformists, 
 requiring the performance of religious duties, enforcing 
 pecuniary contributions to the support of the church; and 
 that equal protection should bo extended to every religious 
 belief — the peace of the State, like the vital fluid we breathe, 
 surrounding and gathering alike over mosque, synagogue 
 cathedral, and the humble "house of God" of the Protes- 
 tant, securing to their respective worshippers unmolested 
 sanctity of conscience. For holding and advocating these 
 just and truly sublime doctrines, now fully recognized and 
 enforced by the free Constitution of the Confederate States, 
 this " young minister, godly and zealous, having precious 
 gifts,' - and whose opinions and teachings we have given in 
 almost the identical language of a Yankee historian, was 
 most cruelly persecuted bv the Puritans, and forced to hide 
 himself in the recesses of the howling wilderness "in winter 
 snow and inclement weather, of which he remembered the 
 severity even in his late old age." "Often," says Bancroft, 
 "in the stormy night he had neither fire, nor food, nor 
 company ; often he wandered without a guide, and had no 
 house but a hollow tree." The savage of the forc*t, more 
 tolerant than these narrow bigots, and who knew not his 
 
18 
 
 kindly rcaoued him from the dread doom to 
 
 whit-li he had beea consigned, to find a new home, ami 
 
 f. > 11 1 1 • 1 a new fata, by the undisturbed waters of the Nana* 
 
 Hutchinson, a moel pure ami excellent 
 
 woman, fix the same rffered the same miserable 
 
 There ia no more infallible criterion of the 
 
 ■ ; a people than the position occupied by the weaker 
 
 Gallantry was the guiding-etar of returning light in 
 
 the* mediaeval ages. Devotion t<> women makea gentlemen. 
 
 Ami w . atleman inhabit, there woman "rulea.the 
 
 amp, the grove;" her refined presence elevates 
 
 him above I veiling nature ; and in return lie is 
 
 in every truth her .-lave, and with life and limb and manly 
 
 honor devoted to her service. The historical fact winch \ve 
 
 la-t mentioned, therefore, truly illustrates Yankee charac- 
 
 ter. Heavens! what a spectacle! A. horde of mean-spirited, 
 
 whining Yankees pelting a shivering, defenceless woman 
 
 into a rigorous exile, for entertaining a peculiar opinion, or 
 
 n<>t eonforming to some rite of pubiie worship. And with 
 
 what unutterable indignation does the Southern blood boil 
 
 ing of Mary Djer, simply beeeuaa she was a 
 
 Thi- \va- her only oil. 'lice. tSlie died, and died 
 
 i! the gallows, because she heid a faith different from 
 
 e people who had demoted themsetoes a nifu oticer 
 
 liber ly. The ferocious and bloody fanaticism of 
 
 the witchcraft persecutions ia too revolting for statement. 
 
 h to recur to it. 
 
 And wli:it man, leeityg this, 
 . bavii&j buman feelings, doed oot blub, 
 
 bang Iii-lua-l. to tliink Jiirnsi.lt :i man." 
 
 for a moment al the Puritans in power in rne 
 c< lony ^A' Maryland, in the year 167(5. "We have alreadv ' 
 allmf-d to the fa. t tliat the Roman Catholics had there 
 perfecl freedom of conscience, and opened an 
 asylum for the persecuted and proscribed oti ovety faith. 
 tiling themselves of this liberality of religious jurispru- 
 dence, many Puritans from New England entered the 
 
19 
 
 colony, and in the course of a revolution, in the year we 
 have named, mounted into political power. The earliest 
 exercise of sovereignty by this new and godly regime was 
 an edict prohibiting the freedom of public worship to all 
 papists and prelatists. Here we see manifested the same 
 despicable spirit that now animates the Lincoln government. 
 Indeed, the Yankee is the same animal in all ages, and in 
 all situations. He is "universal." 
 
 The great fathers of the State were convinced that the 
 heterogeneous peoples, whom they had bound together, 
 would not long dwell in peace. Washington sincerely 
 desired the perpetuation of the Union, but he died in the 
 belief that, in the course of time, his tomb would become 
 the exclusive property of the South. And John Adams, 
 perhaps the next man to Alexander Hamilton, among the 
 Northern patriots, had a clear and unclouded vision of the 
 great rupture, though he was somewhat deceived as to its 
 proximity to his own day. The following pas-age from Mr. 
 Jefferson's diary, presents the views of Mr. Adams upon 
 this subject, and is also interesting as another illustration 
 of the supreme meanness of Yankee sentiment, even in its 
 most exalted t} T pe. 
 
 "December the 30th, 1803. The Rev. Mr. Coffin, of 
 New England, who is now here, soliciting donations tor a 
 college in Green county, in Tennessee, tells me that when 
 he first determined to engage in this enterprise, he wrote a 
 paper, recommendatory of the enterprise, whieii he meant 
 to get signed by clergymen, and a similar one for persons 
 in a civil character, at the head of which he wished Mr. 
 Adams to put his name, he being then President, and the 
 application going only lor his name, and not for a donation. 
 Mr. Adams, after reading the paper and considering, said 
 * he saw no possibility of eon tinning the union sf tin- States ; 
 that their dissolution must necessarily take place ; that he. 
 therefore, saw no propriety in recommending to New Eng- 
 land men to promote a literary institution in the South : 
 that it was, in tact, giving strength to those who were to be 
 
their and therefore he would have nothing to do 
 
 will, it." 
 
 What was philanthropy in our forefathers has become 
 
 misantiirorfy in 1 their descendants, and compassion for the 
 
 slave i n way to malignity against the master. Con- 
 
 re nothing. The one idea pre-eminent above 
 
 all - aholitiori ! 
 
 n -:)iv flif notice in this connection that most aboli- 
 
 little or nothing of slavery and slaveholders 
 
 1 what they have learned from excited, caressed, and 
 
 tempted fugitives, or from a superficial, accidental, or preju- 
 
 i distorted facts, gross misrepre- 
 
 • iilv malicious caricatures, they have 
 
 ■ I Southern slaveholders as the mdsl unprinci- 
 
 aen in the universe, with ho incentive but avarice,no 
 
 -. and fte sentiment but cruelty. 
 
 Their mfbrniation is acquired from discharged seamen, 
 
 factions politicians, and scurrilous 
 
 tourists ; and no matter how exaggerated may l>e the f^cts, 
 
 r fail to find willing believers among this class of 
 
 p< <>plc. 
 
 Iii tbe Church, the missionary Bpiril with which the men 
 
 of other times attd nobler ^hearts' intended to embrace all, 
 
 ! and free, htfa been crrish6d out. New methods 
 
 of Scriptural interpretation have been discovered, under 
 
 v. hi eh the Bible brings to light things Of which Jesus ( Jhrist 
 
 and his disciples had no e inception. Assemblings ft>r 
 
 divine worship have been convert* d into »Tis for the 
 
 of incendiary doctrines, and thus a 
 
 been generated of all Northern 
 
 ■y in tin »n oi ivligiwus instruction amongtbe 
 
 Of the live broad, heautiful bauds of Christianity 
 
 r >ii;i*l the North and the South — Presbyterian, old 
 
 sclibol and new. fc^piscopalian, Methodist, and Baptist, to 
 
 \ nothing <>|' the division-; of. Bible, tract, and missionary 
 
 arc already ruptured — and whenever an 
 
 anniversary brrags together the various delegates of these 
 
21 
 
 organizations, the sad spectacle is presented of division, 
 wrangling, vituperation, and reproach, that gives to religon 
 and its professors any tiling but that meekness of spirit 
 with which it is wont to he invested. 
 
 Politically, the course of abolition has been one of 
 constant aggression upon the South. 
 
 At the time of the Old Confederation, the amount of 
 territory owned by the Southern States was 647,202 square 
 miles: and the amount owned by the ."Northern States, 
 164,081. In 1783, Virginia ceded to the United States, for 
 the common bqiefii, all her immense territory northwest of 
 the river Ohio. In 1787, the Northern Slates appropriated 
 it to their own exclusive use, by passing the celebrated or- 
 dinance i)f that year, whereby Virginia and all her sister 
 States were excluded from the benefits of tfie territory. 
 This was the first in the series oi' aggressions. 
 
 Again, in April, 1803, the United States purchased from 
 France, for fifteen millions of dollars, the territory of Lou- 
 isiana, comprising an area of 1,180,112 square miles, the 
 whole of which was slaveholding territory. Tn 1821, by 
 the passage of the Missouri Compromise, 9o4,667 Square 
 miles of this was converted into free territory. 
 
 Again, by the treaty with Spain, of February, 1810, the 
 United States gained the territory from which the present 
 State of Florida was formed, with an area of 50,2GS square 
 miles, and also the Spanish title oi^ Oregon, from which 
 they acquired an area of 341,403 square miles. Of th : s 
 cession, ^Florida only has been allowed to the Southern 
 States, while, the balance — nearly six-sevenths of the whole 
 — wa.- appropriated by the North. 
 
 Again, by the Mexican e< ssion, * was acquired 526,1 
 square miles, which the North attempted to appropriate under 
 the pretence of the Mexican laws, but which was prevented 
 by the. measures or the Compromise of L850. Of slave 
 territory cut off from Texas, there have been 1 1. [arc 
 
 miles. 
 
an 
 
 Tosumthifl up, tlio total amount of territory acquired 
 uml. r the Constitution has been, by the 
 
 N..rtl. ion." 286,681 square miles. 
 
 1,189,112 
 
 Flori«h ftl OH 400,731 
 
 020,078 
 
 2,402,602 
 
 Of all this territory, the Southern States have been per- 
 mitted i" enjoy only 283,713 Bquare miles, while the North- 
 ern States have been allowed 2,083,880 square miles, or 
 between seven and eight times, more than has been allowed 
 
 tO the Sollth. 
 
 The following are some of the invasions that have been, 
 from time to time, proposed upon the Constitution, in the 
 halls of Congress, by these agitators : 
 
 1. That the clause allowing the representation of three- 
 fifth- of the slaves shall be obliterated from the Constitu- 
 tion : or, in other word-, that the South, already in a vast 
 and increasing minority, shall be still further reduced in 
 ale of insignificance, and thus, on every attempted 
 usurpation of her rights 1> • far below the protection of 
 e\ en a Presidential veto. 
 
 u demanded the abolition of slavery in the 
 
 E Columbia, in the forts, arsenals, navy yards and 
 
 other public establishments of the United States. What 
 
 objoel have the abolitionists had for raising all this clamor 
 
 a little patch of soil ten miles square, and a few in- 
 
 ■ onsidcrable places, thinly scattered over the land — a mere 
 
 grain of -and upon the beach— unless it be to establish the 
 
 I- nt of Congressional interference, which would 
 
 enable them to make a wholesale incursion upon the con- 
 
 ttimtioiial rights of the South, and to drain from the vast 
 
 of alleged national guilt its last drop? Does any 
 
 thai :i mere microscopic concession like this 
 
 would alone appease ■ conscience wounded and lacerated 
 
 by the "tin Of slavery ''." 
 
23 
 
 Another of these aggressions is that which was proposed 
 under the pretext of regulating commerce between the 
 States — namely, that no slave, for any purpose and under 
 any circumstances whatever, shall be carried by his lawful 
 owner from one slavcholding State to another ; or, in other 
 words, that where slavery now is there it shall remain for-- 
 ever, until, Irv its own increase, the slave population shall 
 outnumber the white race, and thus by a united combina- 
 tion of causes — the fears of the master, the diminution in 
 value of his property, and the exhausted condition of the 
 soil — the final purposes of fanaticism maybe, accomplished. 
 
 Still another in the series of aggressions, was that at- 
 tempted by the "Wilmot Proviso, by which Congress was 
 called upon to prohibit every slaveholder from removing 
 with his slaves into the territory acquired from Mexico — a 
 territory as large as the old thirteen States originally com- 
 posing the Union. It appears to have been forgotten that 
 whether slavery be admitted upon one foot ot territory or 
 not, it cannot affect the question of its sinfulness in the 
 slighest degree, and that if every nook and corner of ' 
 national fabric were open to the institution, not a single 
 slave would be added to the present number, or that, it' 
 excluded, their number would not be a single one the less. 
 
 We might also refer to the armed and bloody opposition 
 to the Fugitive Slave Law, to the passage of Personal 
 Liberty Bills, to political schemes in Congress and out. and 
 to systematic agitation everywhere, with a view to stay the 
 progress of the South, contract her political power, and 
 eventually lead, at her expense, if not of the Union itself, 
 to the utter expurgation of this ''tremendous national sin." 
 
 In short, the abolitionists have contributed nothing to 
 the Welfare of the slave or of the South. While over one 
 hundred and fifty million- have been expended by slave- 
 holders in emancipation, except in those sporadic cases 
 where the amount was capital invested in self-glorification, 
 the abolitionists have not expended one cent. 
 
24 
 
 this; Tluy haw defeated the very objects at 
 limed. \V] ou Virginia, Maryland, Ken- 
 border State, baa oome so near to the 
 i adual emancipation laws that the hopes of the 
 real friends of the movement seemed about to be realized, 
 abolitioni pod in, and, with frantic appeal* to the 
 
 »f the negroes, through incendiary publications, 
 the ground, and producing a reaction 
 throughout the entire community that Las crushed out 
 
 thought of future manumission. 
 . Such 1 • M tho obvious fruits of abolition. Church, 
 
 iety! — nothing ha d it. Nowhere 
 
 ■tlf, nor easily entreated, nor 
 full of mercy and good fruits; but everywhere forward, 
 . v mpromiakig and tierce, breaking peacej 
 I structure, at every step, crushing with its foot 
 what would not bow to its will; defying government, 
 the Church, dividing the country, and striking 
 i 11 it-rlf, if it dared to obstruct its progress; purifying, 
 ing nothing, but marking its entire path- 
 way I • •. ichiam and rain. 
 
 We COB! to the train of historical facts upon which 
 
 pro : ot tho foregoing assertions. 
 
 ' 1 haw already stated, it may be seen that 
 
 •"nial existence of this country, African slavery 
 
 had 1- «'.i introduced and overspread its whole snrl'aec. The 
 
 Southern Colonies bad, from the fertility of the soil and 
 
 of their productions, become the most profitable 
 
 marl for black labor ; but the influx gradually outstripped 
 
 ■ ■•■ powers, and began,«as elsewhere, to inspire 
 
 'he |, ,.,, of this section with serious alarm.' They 
 
 hat means they could to checfc it, but commercial 
 
 • ^erpowered their rcmonstrancae. While 
 
 nut of tlu- hnmtmie number of Blares imported by the 
 
25 
 
 the Southern Colonies were thus suffering, at this early 
 date, both inconvenienee and detriment from the blacks who 
 were forced upon them, the Northern or New England 
 Colonies, were driving a brisk and profitable business upon 
 the solitary basis of the African Slave Trade. The princi- 
 pal occupations of these Colonies consisted of Commerce 
 and the Fisheries. The New England ships made the 
 voyage to England with tobacco, rice and other Southern 
 products, and then took in British manufactures for tho 
 Gold Coast, [which exchanging for blacks, they returned 
 them to the Southern colonies, and reloaded with tobacco, 
 etc., for the North and Europe, as before, thus completing 
 the round voyage. The fisheries employed a considerable 
 number of persons, and the cured fish found sale chiefly in 
 (he Catholic countries of Europe, mostly in exchange for 
 coin,* which was always in demand in England. Large 
 quantities of these fish were sold in the West Indies for 
 sugar and molasses. The latter was distilled into rum, 
 which in the chanorin£ character of the Slave Trade on the 
 Goost under the British Governors, rapidly became a favor- 
 ite article of barter for Blacks, greatly to the dissatisfaction 
 of the English manufacturers of coast-croods. Lord Shef- 
 field in his report to the Parliamentary Committee of 1777, 
 states, that ''out of the Slavers which periodically left 
 Boston, thirteen of them were loaded with rum only, and 
 that having exchanged this for $2,888 negroes with f he 
 governors of the Gold Coast, they carried them thence to 
 the Southern colonies." The same report mentions that 
 during the three years ending with 1770, New England had 
 -■■nt 270,147 gallons of rum to the Gold Coast. Thus, from 
 what I have stated, the startling fact will be elicited that 
 the Northern and Southern Colonies, long before the break- 
 out of the Revolutionary War. wore engaged in a lively 
 controversy on the subject of slavery ; tho South resisting 
 
 * Tlu'-< w , !<• almost tin- only coins that circulated in those Ooloaiee ;ii 
 that time, ami consisted of Joc«. Qalf-Joes, Pistoles, 
 
•v, 
 
 flow of blacks into their section, ami Now 
 ad persisting in the importation for the profits of the 
 
 Tin- South was anxious to ^toj. the Slave Trade said 
 ,;nit their Blacks, bat New England, like the mother 
 oonntrj) was not disposed to listen to them, and abaadi 
 
 .the. 
 
 Mr. Jeflirson, of Virginia, seems to have been one of the 
 • advocates i>\' the Southern sentiment. In 
 I 777. being then :i member of the Virginia Legislature, lie 
 jlit in a hill which became a law, '"to prevent the im- 
 portation ofslajree." He also proposed a system of genera] 
 emancipation, a- a preliminary to which he introduced :< 
 hill to authorize manumission, and this became a law. Jn 
 efforts he had the support ami sympathy of the slave- 
 holding States, who were overran with slaves, that returned 
 no adequate remuneration. At this period their numbers 
 reached some 600,000, a part of whom were employed in 
 raising tobacco ami rice The majority of them, however, 
 ipied in domestic farm-labor, producing no ex- 
 portable valaee. Hence there was no profit in slavery at 
 
 - Mih. whileat the North it was even a greater burden. 
 Maesaehu-ctt- found it so unproductive that, in 1 7>U, she 
 abolished it in her own borders, but she did not cease lor 
 thai reason to force it. by her importations, on the South. 
 
 In the • - of the Confederation, the views of the 
 
 North and Sooth on the subject of slavery, founded on 
 iotensts so antagonistic, frequently came into collision. It 
 ua- at this epoch, too, that Virginia, Georgia and other 
 Southern eded to the federal Government for the 
 
 common benefit of all the States, their immense Western 
 Territory , \ ! the states were then slave- holding, and 
 the idea that a man could not hold his slaves in any part of 
 the territory of the United Stares, had never yet been 
 bed. On the contrary, the right to carry them every- 
 where was undoubted. The policy of Virginia, however, 
 was manumission ; and Mr. Jefferson, in 1784, prepared in 
 the Oongraai of the Confederation a clause preventing 
 
27 
 
 slaves being carried into the said territories ceded to the 
 United States, north of the Ohio river. This was a part of 
 the Southern scheme of manumission, which was meant as 
 a check to the trading in Negro slaves, carried on by Mas- 
 sachusetts with unabated activity. This clause did not pass 
 at the time, but in 1787, it was renewed by Nathan Dane, 
 in the Federal Convention. The clause enjoining the resti- 
 tution of fugitive slaves was then added and it passed 
 unanimously. By a unanimous vote, it became a vital part 
 of the Federal Constitution, and without it, this compact 
 could never have gone into effect. The slave trade carried 
 on by the Xorth became also the theme of much sharp dis- 
 cussion in the Convention. The Xorth was not disposed, 
 of course, to give it up, but with the South it had become 
 an intolerable grievance. They had long and earnestly 
 protested against it when carried on by the mother country, 
 but their minds were now made up to break with the North 
 rather than submit further to this traffic. The North then 
 demanded compensation for the loss of this very thriving 
 trade, and the South readily conceded it by granting them 
 the monopoly of the coasting and carrying trade against all 
 foreign tonnage. In this way it was settled that the Slave 
 Trade should be abolished after 1808. * "Without this im- 
 
 *Li corroboration of the above, I append the following extract from 
 the sermon of Rev. Dr. N". Adams, of the Essex Street Church, Boston, 
 delivered on Fast Day, January 4, 1$$} : 
 
 "We at the North are certainly responsible before God for the exist- 
 .n<c of slavery in our land. The Committee of the Convention which 
 framed the Constitution of tho I'nited States, consisted of Messrs. Rut- 
 lcdge, of South Carolina. Randolph, of Virginia, and three from the Free 
 States, viz : "Me-srs. Wilson, of Pennsylvania, Gorham, of Massaehu 
 setts, and Ellsworth, of Connecticut. They reported, as a section for tho 
 Constitution, that no tax or other duty should be laid on the migration 
 or importation of such persons as the several States should think proper 
 to admit ; not that such migration or Importation should be prohibited. 
 This was referred by the Convention to a committee, a majority of whom 
 being from the Slave States, they reported that the Mare Trave he abol- 
 ished ^ftcr 1800, and that a tax lie levied on imported slaves. Bat in the 
 
28 
 
 l»ortaut clause, tin- South would never have consented to 
 
 enter into a Confederacy with the North. The Federal 
 
 . with tl ial clauses, having p. 
 
 ation, it became, henceforth, h certainty that the 
 
 Slave Trad, would finally expire in the doited States at 
 
 Thia left it still a duration of nin< 
 
 med determined to reap the utmost 
 •in the time remaining. The Duke 
 :ault-Liancoqrt, in his work on the United 
 ■ tates tl .. els from the harbors of 
 
 S\>rth arc engaged in the importation of slaves into 
 _ia : they ship one negro for < rery- ton burden." Thus 
 '. • N >w England was vigorously engaged 
 in buyiug and Belling negro slaves, Virginia, on the other 
 hand, was steadfastly pursuing her theory pf manumission. 
 In 1793, Congress, on the recommendation of President 
 Washington, passed an act to put in force the clause of the 
 Constitution enjoining the restoration of fugitive slaves. It 
 . '.d.-n; they were regarded by r the Constitution in 
 _lii of property only. It likewise provided for taxing 
 theiu, ami ordained that three-fifths of their number should 
 ttation. Thia was, certainly) the view 
 taken by the firamers of the Constitution, in their inter- 
 e with foreign nations. John Adams, afterwards 
 Lent, and Doctor Franklin, signed, iji 1783, the 
 uce with Great Britain, which contained pro- 
 ii for paymout of "Slaves and other Property" carried 
 during the war. These Treatiea were examined and 
 approved by the Government, composed also of the very 
 lUOU wlii had taken the leading part in drafting the Con- 
 stitution. In the Treaty of Peace at Ghent, in 1815, the 
 
 irhusi-tt*, New Hampshire, aruTCon- 
 
 Motk-ut. vi years, and it was nccoidTngl}' 
 
 i of which it is estimated then Bra now at least three 
 
 in the I'liuntry than there would otlier- 
 
 ■ 
 
29 
 
 same clause recurred, and the British Government paid a 
 million and a half of dollars for slaves that had been car- 
 ried off by the enemy. The accounts of lion. Richard 
 Rush, when Secretary of the Treasury, contain the various 
 sums paid by the United States Government to the 
 "Owners of Slaves and other Property." Our Government 
 has also made frequent demands for the payment of Slave 
 property since the Peace. Some twenty years since, the 
 American Minister, Mr. Andrew Stevenson, conducted a 
 negotiation with England for the payment of sundry slaves 
 that had been cast ashore from wrecked American vessels, 
 and set free by the authorities of Bermuda. The demand 
 was finally acknowledged, and the sum of £23,500 was paid 
 as an indemnity. In a word, the action of the Federal 
 Government has been uniform and consistent in asserting 
 and protecting the rights of our slave-owners against all 
 foreign Powers. The right to this property has been just 
 as positively recognized in our domestic relations. In all 
 the State Conventions held to discuss the Federal Constitu- 
 tion prior to adopting it, the right of property in slaves was 
 never contested. The law at that time for recovering that 
 property was of a summary nature. The owner might 
 seize his property wherever he found it, and on making an 
 affidavit before a Federal Judge, a warrant was issued for 
 the removal of it. There was no provision for trial by jury, 
 or for writ of habeas carpus, which would be indispensable 
 it' black slaves were considered as persons. 
 
 In 1707, John Adams, who signed the Treaty of Peace, 
 and was the leader of the New Kngland or Federal party, 
 succeeded Washington in the Presidential chair. At this 
 period the Slavery question was frequently agitated by the 
 Democratic party of the South, with a v"n \v to its modifica- 
 tion. In isoo. January 2, Mr. Wain, of Philadelphia, pre- 
 sented a petition to Congress, from the free blacks oi Phil- 
 adelphia, praying for a revision of the Fugitive Slave Law. 
 On this occasion, Mr. Harrison Gray Otis^ a leader of the 
 l-V.leral party, thus e 1 himself: "Although he pos- 
 
himself," lie said, "yet lie saw no reason 
 why tight not: and that their owners and not Con- 
 
 ic not tin- fittest persons to regulate that spec 
 Mr. Brown, of Rhode Island, on the same occa- 
 ! that the petition was not from negroes, l>ut 
 the contrivance of a combination of Jacobins, (meaning 
 the Democratic party) who had troubled Congress for many 
 -. ami he leared would never cease to do so. lie there- 
 moved that the- petition be taken away by those who 
 bad brought it there. The motion being supported by 
 -. Uallatin, Dana, and other Northern members, the 
 petition was withdrawn. In this debate, the Northern 
 members who represented the Blave-trading interests, natu- 
 rally adhered to the property in blacks, although the new 
 doctrine of the British Abolitionists began to make con- 
 in this country, outside of the body o\' Quakers, who 
 had always opposed slavery. 
 
 It ma\ be as well to remark here, that it does not appear 
 any laWB were ever enacted in Great Britain authorizing 
 the trading in. or possession of black slaves as property. 
 . that they were so regarded, is evident from 
 pinion of the Eleven Crown Judges, given in pursu- 
 ance of .Hi * »nler in t lonncil, and in consequence of which 
 lavigation Act was extended to tin Slave Trade, to 
 tsiou of Alien.-.. The laws by which England 
 
 allQWed the hoi. ling of .-laves, extended, pf coiiise. to the 
 . ami all those "\ North Anieriea held slaves, 
 without anj special enactments lor that purpose. The 
 inherent, like that to any property; and when 
 paratien of the Colonies from the mother country 
 took place, that legal right, like the Common Law of Eng- 
 land, survived the Revolution, and remained in force in all 
 part- of the country. 
 
 It i- claimed by the anti-slavery party that slavery exists 
 by local law only, and cannot exist out of the State sanc- 
 tioning it. VThereas, it is maintained by their opponents 
 that it originally existed all over the land, whether as Colo- 
 
31 
 
 nies or States, and that it required a special law to exclude 
 it. This fact is beyond cavil.* It should be also recollected 
 that the Spanish and French Colonies that afterwards 
 became a part of the United States, derived the right to 
 hold slaves from the head of the Church, as well as from 
 the State. 
 
 To return to the record of events. During Mr. Jeifcr- 
 son's first term of office, the State of Virginia proposed to 
 the Federal Government that the proceeds of the public 
 lands that had been ceded to it should be appropriated to 
 the manumission and removal of slaves, with the sanction 
 of the respective States. This movement was not suc- 
 cessful. 
 
 It is necessary to notice two very important events that 
 occurred during the administration of Mr. Jefferson, which 
 wholly changed the destiny of black slavery in the United 
 States. The first was the invention of the cotton-gin, which 
 gave great additional value to this staple, and hence opened 
 a broader field to the employment of the Blacks. The 
 next was the purchase of Louisiana, which added new and 
 valuable territory to the South and its special products. 
 These two events revolutionized completely the value of 
 slave labor in the South, and the Blacks, iustead of contin- 
 uing a burden, as hitherto, became henceforward a source 
 of profit. 
 
 On the other hand, the approaching termination of the 
 Slave Trade, which had profitably employed for so mam 
 years the commercial interests of New England, rendered 
 that section not only indifferent to the prolongation of 
 slavery, but even out of chagrin from having been forced 
 by the opposition of the South to give it up, they began t>» 
 
 ''Among other authorities on this question of the day, may he cited 
 that of Chief Justice Parker. <>t Massachusetts, the leading Abolition 
 State, fa 2 FicRering, he says : "We thus, in making Hie Constitution 
 entered into an agreement that slaves should lie considered as property," 
 
 etc. 
 
- 
 
 nourish a species of spite against it, and which has since 
 manifested itself with uninterrupted bitterm 
 Tli- 'n of the Slave Trade, and the purchase of 
 
 nana, both of which were so distasteful to the North, 
 were followed, as already stated, by the Embargo Act, in 
 Mr. |Teffer9on J s administration ; and all this together, gave 
 quietus to the commercial interests of New Eng- 
 land. The exasperation which followed these measures, 
 ■ threaten ruin to this section, led shortly to a 
 to break up the Confederacy. In February, 1809, 
 ncral of Canada, Craig, deputed his i 
 Join; Henry, to go to Boston and treat with the leading 
 there; and by the arrangement then made, 
 achuscttE declare itself independent, and invite 
 
 erect a separate Government. Mr. John Q. 
 Adams, Ear-President, in a letter to Mr. Otis, 1828, states 
 that the plan had been so Far matured, thai proposals had 
 made to a certain individual to put himselt'at the head 
 military organization. These schemes went on until 
 they resulted in the Hartford Convention, 1814, where the 
 subjeel of a Northern Confederacy, in all its bearings, 
 underwent discussion. The sentiment ol the North at that 
 time may be seen in the party cry: -'The Potomac for a 
 boundary — ThcjKTegro States to themselves." This was 
 favorite phrase of the day all over tin- Eastern States. 
 Thepcace with Great Britain soon afterwards occurred, 
 and tin- stimulus tliis gave to business of all kinds, together 
 with the conciliatory conduct, a.- stated of Mr. Calhoun, df 
 South C;tro]in:t. diverted New England from her resolute 
 aee to hreuk up the Union."' 
 While ihi 'irritation was still lingering in the "Northern 
 mind a bill was introduced into Congress, 1818, to author- 
 ize the people of "Missouri to form i» Constitution, prepara- 
 tory l.i admission info the CTnion. This territory was a 
 perttQH of that same Louisiana whose purchase had been 
 ■ liemeiitK resisted by New England. During its 
 ownership 1'V Spain, and afterwards By France, slavery had 
 
existed in the whole of this territory, and it remained un- 
 disturbed after it its purchase by the United States ; never- 
 theless its admission into the Union as a slave State, was 
 violently opposed by the Eastern States. An ardent politi- 
 cal struggle ensued that threatened the safety of the < !pn- 
 federacy, but which was, finally, allayed by admitting 
 souri as a slave State, but on condition that no more Slave 
 States should exist nortli of the 36° 30' parallel of latitude. 
 This is the well-known Missouri Compromise. It was at 
 this time, also, that the slave trade was declared to be 
 piracy, and punishable with death. 
 
 Meanwhile, shivery had become so manifestly unprofita- 
 ble at the North that most of these States abolished it. 
 New York did so in 1820, and many other States, even 
 Delaware, Maryland and Virginia, were moving in the same 
 direction. Xew Jersey, Ohio and Delaware passed resolu- 
 tions desiring Congress to appropriate the proceeds of the 
 public lands to the manumission of slaves, with the consent 
 of the slave States. In 182."), Ruffes King, of Xew York, 
 made the same proposition in Congress, where it had been 
 originally introduced by Virginia. At this period, in the 
 Southern States, the utmost favor was extended to Eman- 
 cipation, Societies for this purpose were formed to co- 
 operate with the Colonization Society, then in full vigor, 
 and whose object was to free blacks and transport them to 
 Liberia. In March, 1825, Virginia passed an act to fur- 
 nish the Colonists in Liberia, under the direction of the 
 "Richmond and Manchester (England) Colonization Socie- 
 ty," with implements of husbandry, clothing, etc. The 
 emancipation of blacks to be sent to Liberia, were frequent 
 all over the Southern Stales, and on a libera! scale. Ala- 
 bama. Louisiana and Missouri passed laws prohibiting 
 slaves to be brought within their borders for sal^, aud 
 further Enacting thai those brought in by settlers should 
 not be sold under two years. 
 
 The sentiment of Kmaneipation was making stea i\ 
 : bni. at the same time, a deckled repuguanco to free 
 
Id- ^an to ma ••if. Ohio, Illinois, and other 
 
 Stat ''V law live Murks r.tiuinir 
 
 any pretence; and a white person 
 
 who brougl give bonds in $&0O. 
 
 They v. i as citizens of the United St:; ; 
 
 and froi idle habits, were considered ae a nuisMtoe 
 
 rywhere. The Southern. States also enacted tlmt free 
 
 blacks arriving tl iniep, should, be under snrveil- 
 
 ancc while in port. In consequence of thisgeneraj antipa- 
 
 tliv to freeblackfe, and in viewOf the difficulty of deporting 
 
 them, Mr. Tucker, of Virginia, proposed in Congress, fc£fl$, 
 
 ferritory west of the Roeiy Mountains ae a 
 
 I ifiy for free hlaOfcs. This effort failed; 1 > n t all the 
 
 tea • (Ik-s.'iuIi. Mr. M:m _rtun. Mr. MeDntlie. 
 
 the adoption of some scheme ol emancipation. 
 
 About this time a in-w movement wHs initiated in New 
 
 j. The doctrine • \ ontion wfcs then at the zenith 
 
 iarity in England, Where it was already proposed 
 
 plant it ^onrh :m States, which wOrrW tlien 
 
 : . own- 
 try. This utterly impraCti lea was seizi d upon by 
 individual* rt"f the N'.-w Kriglund States, who forrh- 
 witl 'agitation, [t is impossible 
 to ; - 1 1 1 any vt'ry philanthropic haotive'; f.w 
 ouTv twenty voar had dapsedsi^ce Massachusetts had been 
 i ..■ tffi h ■ aiKl it is not at all civd- 
 thus acquired Should; in bo mo>t a time 
 a ted by ■• • :i I >fe for the nogr 
 
 his immu mission ul the ri »k of break- 
 
 Xo : it really looked more like 
 
 • ;' that old grudge which the 
 
 marry year's nourished against 
 
 the South. 
 
 In 1828, a Mr. Arthur Tappan subscribed, with the aid 
 friends in Boston, sufficient fund taWish a new- 
 
 sy Iforkj called the •••lournal of Conuaorce," 
 whose object was to promote the borrowed English theory 
 
• 35 
 
 of Abolition. Its editor was a certain David Hale, an 
 auctioneer of Boston, and a teacher in the Presbyterian 
 Sunday-school there. At the same juncture, the Bal timore 
 "Genius of Emancipation" fell into the hands of another 
 Abolition, named W. Lloyd Garrison. This individual 
 was the grandson of what was known as a '-Tory" during 
 our Revolutionary War, and who, at the Peace, was com- 
 pelled to fly the country to Nova Scotia, whence his widowed 
 daughter and her only son returned, some. years after, to 
 Boston to seek a livelihood. The young Garrison readily 
 caught up the doctrine of Abolition, as most congenial to 
 his English antecedents and education, and set to work 
 with baleful energy to urge its propagation, fraught with 
 so many dangers to the country of his adoption. On a 
 ing the editorship of the Baltimore paper, he instantly 
 assailed both Colonization and Emancipation a< only ob- 
 structions to Abolition, and openly avowed that the U 
 of the States was equally an obstacle to Abolition. By 
 some it was supposed that tins treasonable denunciation of 
 the Union was out of deference to the memory of his Tory 
 grandfather, who had done all he could to prevent it. 
 
 It may -easily be imagined that the startling proclamation 
 of such ultra views as these, led rapidly to a complete revo- 
 lution of feeling at the South. The excitement against 
 Garrison spread far and wide, The Manumission Society 
 of North Carolina demanded his imprisonment,- and the 
 State of Georgia set a price upon his head: Tfce emanci- 
 pation societies at the South began to suspend their opera- 
 tions and to break up. The Baltimore journal mentioned, 
 it was nceessarv to Suppress. The people of the South 
 generally, becoming more and more alarmed at tti 
 sive attitude of the Abolitionists, began to ponder 
 some means of defeil 
 
 In the year 1830, the same < rarrison founded a ffrw joui- 
 nal in B ailed "The Liberator." whence he pro- 
 
 pounded his extreme views in the most extravagant Vm- 
 ( guage. In the following year the • X«w Rfcgland Anti- 
 
This was followed in <lue 
 ! merican j" under the 
 
 . Tappan and Birtiey. tti 
 i me active coad 
 [opted pre ' 
 British prototypes. Thi y circultf- 
 and books, full of inflammatory appeals. Highly- 
 _ ka undergoing 
 
 kl . \Vcrc distributed for those who coutd 
 
 specially to excite the 
 
 - iuth, and w< through the mails. 
 
 idcrcd, at the time so danger- 
 
 the peace offhe community' and to the integrity <>f 
 
 nion, that popular indignation frequently brdke out 
 
 into riot, in >rk, in J832, the dwelling of Arthur 
 
 and the ch-urch of Dr. Cox were bo.th demolished 
 
 10b. Many influential citizens sanctioned these vib- 
 
 mstration iblic feeling, and the well-known 
 
 : • ■< »urier and Euqtfirer," Mr. James Watson 
 
 share in this vindication of Southern 
 
 righl 
 
 A 1 m .lit . \<>w. meanwhile, continued their 
 
 -with all the ardor of their puritanical descent- 
 Qarri - to England, to obtain funds by theAnti- 
 
 aml in 18^4 he returned borne with Mr. 
 G Thompson, a Member vf parliament aj that time, 
 
 and an Abolition leetur< r. This led to so violent an out- 
 iqipson, alarmed \ >r \u< safety, went hark to 
 id. A licw mo(|e of excitement was then devised by 
 Abolitionists, who_go1 up a clamor N against South Caro- 
 lina for detaiuiug free Blacks who «:uiu' into her porta. 
 
 imed that free Macks were her citi 
 and that ;i- .-u. . i they had a right to go to South Carolina; 
 
 4 
 
 and i now a promi- 
 
 • i -,r, . v - « 
 
37 
 
 but as she made no complaint against Ohio, Illinois ami 
 other Stales who also excluded free blacks, it was evident 
 that she sought a quarrel with South Carolina, for the verv 
 purpose of spreading the Abolition infection. 
 
 A Mr. Hour was sent by Massachusetts as an agent to 
 Charleston to make a formal complaint oi' her alleged 
 grievance, and, as was anticipated, Mr. Hoar was summarily 
 dismissed. Upon this the Abolitionists professed great 
 indignation, and the Legislature was appealed to for a mea- 
 sure of retaliation, which was soon gotnp under the title of 
 a "Personal Liberty Bill," which was designed, under a 
 transparent plea, to obstruct the restoration of fugitivo 
 blacks. 
 
 Up to this time, Abolition, had been discussed merely as 
 a moral question, but the agitation had gained such 
 strength among its unsuspecting converts, that it was 
 thought high time by its designing leaders to carry it into 
 the political arena., where they anticipating making it a 
 stepping-stone to power ana emolument. 
 
 It will-be seen in the seqnej that these ingenious schemers 
 were doomed to disappointment, and that the spolia optima 
 of the agitation they began were de-lined to be gathered 
 by the hand of the pi <nal politician, leaving but 
 
 *'a barren sceptre in their gripe." 
 
 In 1838, the Abolition party was too weak and too 
 rant of political strategy to dare to take the held in peri on ; 
 therefore, they began coquetting with the prominent politi- 
 cians of the day! Mr. Marcy and Mr. Seward were, at that 
 time, the candidates oi the two rival parties tor Governor 
 of the State of New York, and perhaps the two most influ- 
 ential men of the "North. Tic occasion was. thought 0] 
 tune by Messrs, Smifli and Jay, the Xew York aponsi 
 I'oi' the untoward bantli' Lbolition to put th le- 
 
 nien to the te '. [t hi ppened that there existed a Btat.i 
 'ew York, called lie iiueait Law," which allow- 
 
 i slaveholder to bring his black servants with him, and 
 remain there nine months, uithoui prejudice to his rigl 
 
. ted in th< federal Courts that a Blaye 
 
 ■ Id not be rec'i 
 
 ■ in relation to this law, 
 ling act of hospitality to Sotith- 
 
 Mr. lo. no r*epty. Mr. Seward. 
 
 ■ i ;-ward< on this Bubject, ami 
 
 while Govefno tore a fugitive slave 
 
 oil 1 Virginia. 
 
 ts of this sectional issue were foreseen by 
 a?rtong otli Ohio, bi 1 3 
 
 ftturc, to the effeel thai ,f Slavery 
 
 i/.fil by the Constitution." ami 
 
 awful, unwise and unconstitutional interference 
 
 boliti Inistfi North with the institvi- 
 
 •\ were highly criminal. T ul pro- 
 
 ■: Uiuliii-'hi »ta 'lid noi escape the 
 
 8 .tli. wh<-r.' I sated not only 
 
 1 (3 p ami natural feeling of indigna- 
 
 ■ ■ntinn-nt that had occurred] may be 
 
 Ptl (State of Alabama, to theefted that "all 
 
 laifiihg f b the State after Augusl 1. 1&4D, 
 
 !." 
 
 rery blose 6*1 handful of AboTStiohists nret 
 
 in ' V 7., and decided formally to transform their 
 
 in a moral into ;i political question; and fchey 
 
 . ■ •". d "ti a political organization! De'tej- 
 
 w any affiliation with the partii - i fth • d%y, 
 
 ;' theft own band; Mr. Birney, as a ean : 
 
 idency of the united States. It was now 
 
 ioi ate observers, tliat the motives 
 
 Abolition wore no1 bo much the emancipa- 
 
 '. . BS their <.wn - leviitimi to place and 
 
 !i the North regarded them with 
 : thai day, for in the Federal election of 
 
 .! lnit t. "(in iroie . 
 
 question received a new 
 
 at this period, from the <li qs awakened by 
 
 This fine country had once formed 
 
39 
 
 part of Louisiana, was ceded by K ranee to Spain, and then 
 became a part of Mexico. In 183f>. an insurrection. headed 
 by Americans, broke out, and was soon followed by the 
 independence of Texas. Speculations now ran high in the 
 price of her lands, and the projeei was broached of re-an- 
 nexing her to the I'nited States. The celebrated ])aniel 
 Webster, among others, favored this scheme; but he was 
 afterwards induced to change his views and oppose it. ■'< u£l 
 as in the case of Louisiana., in ISO,"), the Xew ftngland 
 States resisted the Annexation of Texas, during the I 'resi- 
 dency of Mr. Tyler, on the same pretext of extending 
 slavery, but on the real ground of jealousy of the Sontli. 
 The leading politicians of the dav were -orely emhaii. 
 whether to support Annexation <•:■ not : and by opposing it. 
 Mr. Clay lost his election in 1*44: and for the same reason, 
 Mr. Van .Buren foiled to obtain his renomination by the 
 Democratic party. The difficulty was terminated by the 
 admission of TesaS, March -\ KH5, but on the agreement 
 that four States she. Id b i (bwaed out of the Territory 
 besides the one existing, and thai the Stae - ■! nio< i 
 
 south of the line 86 s |0' should be admitted with or with- 
 out slavery, as their inhabitants should decide, hut .lit' 
 •da very should not exist north of thai line 
 
 A temporary lull followed ; but Ihe slavery question Wfts 
 soon aL-ii >tfiieal grudge. Tic re- 
 
 jection of Mr. Van But the I)';.. 'audid; 
 
 184f. by Southern influence, in consequence of hi 
 lion to Texa<, led him. from motives of irritation, to raise 
 itp a new party in New York, on the cry m ••[•"■'..■ Soil, or 
 no more Slave Slams." This aot was a violation ol the 
 
 ■; made with the South on the admission of 'I 
 and wa t'lMwncd upon by the Democratic party: bul the 
 
 if the 
 South, tlie infamous "Wjl 
 
 irry their she- 
 
 The Bill | ite. 
 
 # 
 
40 
 I by Mr. Van Barcn \\ essful enough to 
 
 o 
 
 • party in the State of New York, and to gWM the 
 > the Northern party. This incensed ami alarmed 
 
 "M'iv ar la-t {pacified by the Compromise 
 which, however, were stoutly opposed by 
 
 Mr. \V. II. Seward, who had bedOBM already the chosen 
 ami wily repiv-entative of the anti-slavery sentimen: 
 the North. 
 
 II observe hen, what 1 have already stated 
 
 . that the politician* of the North found thcm- 
 
 • .: •! predicament ot having BO political princi- 
 
 «•. Tin; settlement of the TariU'fptestion in 
 
 the demand of the commercial interests of the North. 
 
 . wholly destitute of any policy by whirh they 
 
 might i ride itttopower. T T nder these circumstances, 
 
 • (fal they should follow with a wistful eye the 
 tabors ot '■'.■■ Aholitionists, who had certainly succeeded in 
 
 toe feelings of the North td a lively pitch ^\' 
 
 3d ithern slavery. They were not. of e< 
 
 borrow the extreme news of these zealots, 
 
 whicl wholly incompatible with the existence of the 
 
 ' ij but they thought they might venture to utilise to 
 
 advantage the anti-slavery sentiments that had been so 
 
 skille ..' Bed. Th-'v Ml ahont this very adroitly by 
 
 1 . against extending slave territory, which it was 
 
 Id e iee ofl the susceptttnlitiesof the Xorth. and 
 
 - xaspcrato the South. Tims we find that 
 
 politician, Mr. Seward, already al work in 1850, 
 
 I cd- ot the BOW anti-slavery party oi the .North. 
 
 the healing policy of Mr. Clay, on the ground 
 
 : alavery and increasing its area. 
 
 the prominent measrires of the Gempromiseof 
 
 ..- the new KiiLritivc slave Law, which Daniel 
 
 declared to be far more favorable to the blacks 
 
 • iiiineiided by Washington in 1787. Yet it 
 
 ipoj by the cunning of the anti-slavery politi- 
 
 np the subsiding agitation, and several of the 
 
11 
 
 Legislatures of the ^Northern {States were induced to pass 
 ■•Personal Liberty Bills,'' in imitation of the example set 
 by Massachusetts. 
 
 » ft 
 
 1 must not omit to remark that the Abolitionists still 
 kept on the even tenor of their way, and were as active as 
 ever in promulgating their impracticable theory by secretly 
 circulating tracts, books and pictures, harping on slavery 
 and all its fancied horrors. They still kept possession of 
 the political field, and still hoped to make a ladder of their 
 hobby by which to ascend to power. In 1852, they dropped 
 Mr. Birney. and selected for their Presidential candidate 
 Mr. Hale, of Sew Hampshire. He received 157,000 votes, 
 airiinst the 7,000 thrown for Birney, in 1840. 
 
 Anion u: ether ingenious modes of excitement, a discus- 
 sion was regularly kept alive at the North as to the citizen- 
 ship of free blacks. Several States bestowed the suffrage 
 upon them, as a practical proof of their right to rank as 
 citizens. This controversy was rather inflamed than other- 
 wise, by a decision of the Federal Supreme Court, in the 
 Dred Scott case, 1853, which settled that no blacks are 
 citizens of the United States. In 1851, the slavery question 
 re-appeared in Congress, and the action of the Xorth on 
 ilii- occasion was pregnant with serious consequences. 
 Two new territories of the West were pronounced sulli- 
 cicntly occupied to render legislation necessary, and a bill 
 to create a territorial government in Kansas and Nebraska 
 \va- reported by Mr. Douglas, of Illinois. His bill contain 
 ed a clause to repeal the famous Missouri line of 30° 30', 
 running south of the territories in question. This line was 
 tin' basis of compromise in 1X20. and was again a meaus of 
 adjusting the dispute that arose on the admission of Texa- 
 ,' L84& Ihq c,.;i-titutionality of this line was, however, 
 than doubtful, for the reason thai ('ongr. r had 
 
 .ni\ power conferred on it by the Constitution to legislate 
 on lavery ; nor was it at all necessary, since individual 
 aid retain or exclude slavery, according to their 
 are. Besides, the line in question was really a nullity. 
 
> unprofitable to the north of it that 
 
 i there. It was only to the 
 
 of this lii • y a prbmaiKl 
 
 - '.. [lei < the Sotitn made no objection to it- 
 
 4; but it is difficult to | Ive what motive 
 
 \1 • . ! i .nil-1 have had rti proposing this repeal, unites 
 
 glowing embers o>f the slavery 
 tion. 
 
 thia Missouri fine revoked, than a prompt 
 oud significant movement was made* in the New England 
 jpsml Aid 5 were formpd, as aJreaoT) 
 
 in«'iiti(>uc<l ; : for Kansas, one of the tetritorli 
 
 lustily summoned as recruits in tin- 
 ■ lavefY, and funds in the \vji\ ofhonntv 
 1 il .•■r:ill y <li-t fil>nt<"'«l. Tliv unusual ri i tfmulatc 
 
 ^ned to secure \- 
 by obtaining ri majority forthe Northern' people. Such an 
 attemptrmade with demonstrations ofVeliement liostttity to 
 ; o provoke anger and resistance. This, 
 • -i upon by the anrr-felavery*proria 
 ganda, and they were not disappointed. Thcsla*e State of 
 iri; (flrectfy adjoining Kansas*; \tasnot disposed to be 
 tailed, and, n •. rbredd on: of their legal shi 
 
 tc'rrffc hey did their beel to 
 
 ■ i bul the slaveholders were natn« 
 
 rally chfli Wacks with them, ae they <vei?e 
 
 to be tempted away. \a n matter of course, 11 wm i im- 
 ible for the people*Dr the lw«f. opposite Sections, in their 
 in temper Of mind, to hVe Jong in peace together. 
 
 Polfi bd, and occasiouaMOss of life eneuech TI>e 
 
 la-ly waiting Bar sonn- such news ■ 
 this, for it was rightly anticipated that a conflict, sootier or 
 We. 
 
 When the I r intelligence al laei arrived, a wild 
 
 .'.w>\ furious -hrick for "bleeding Kansas" vibrated in a 
 
 and echoes througB all th6 valleys of New England. 
 
 The ■ A.boliti imed witli the most dis- 
 
43 
 
 cbrdaut appeals to the passions of the people, and nothing 
 but imprecations of the most startling description were 
 launched against the ['Border, Ruffians,'' as the settlors iVom 
 IVlissou'ri wore forthwith christened. Public meetings wore 
 called in the Eastern States, and the pulpit soon became a 
 rostrum tor clerical agitators. Subscriptions were rapidly 
 
 on foot to buy arms and ammunition for the sacred 
 defenders of anti-slavery in Kansas, whose brows were en- 
 circled with the lialo of martyrdom. Speculators in 
 
 arpo's rmes" johiecl in tin- well-sustained chorus of ftxe 
 Abolitionists, and a considerable profit was the result. Ai 
 a public mooting in Xow Haven, a well-known Abolitionist. 
 Rev. Jf. AVard Beeclier, of "Brooklyn, and brothor of the 
 authoress o"f 'Hjhcle Tom's Cabin. " aided by his presence 
 and language to swell the clamor fast rising in tbe Xorth. 
 lie desired Ins name to be subscribed for "twenty -live 
 Sharpe's rillo<.'* and announced ho would collect the money 
 CO pay for tbem. in his cTiiVrcht the following Sabbath, 
 which was done. 
 
 Such ing •■nious modes aCs these, and so skilfully handled, 
 could not fail to excite tbe sympathies and stir tbe pas-ions 
 or any community'. Ever since 1828, the Abolition party 
 bad been laboriously engaged in sapping the mind <>!' the 
 
 rth on tbe subject of black slavery : nor must it be for- 
 gotten that they appealed to something more tban its 
 pbilanthropby. when they raised the cry 6f "X" more 
 slave territory,'' which -imply meant that all that vast 
 extent of country stive-hing from tbe Mississippi fco the 
 Kocky Mountains, should be given up to Northern ('migra- 
 tion. It was natural, certainly, that so palatable B doc- 
 trine should be acceptable at the \oith: but jn-t as natural 
 
 thai it should be unwelcome at the South, v iual 
 
 as were so u >red. 
 
 ly tilled by the Abolitioi 
 was now ripe: aodihe leaders of the old Whig, or Northern 
 party, experic; • ,1c. ami with an organization extend- 
 
 er the entire Xorth. stepped for d brushing 
 
w 
 
 who had sown the seed, 
 
 mi garners the luxuriant crop of 
 
 iting all over the North. 
 
 ion in Philadelphia, June, 18ob\ ami 
 
 : ibKcan Party." made. Got 
 
 e the basis of party action. 
 
 Lantial candidate Mr. John C, 
 
 •. kud\rn in the country as an officer of the army. 
 
 l,ui \, any political antecedents. It was thought jadi- 
 
 . iliticiaf) I \y identified with 
 
 uicnt, lest the possible con^eaueno^s 
 
 inn the and thought" of the North. 
 
 lie] il'li'-an party wept to the polls, 
 
 . and brought off a vote of 1,334,5 53. They 
 
 i by the Democratic party, Which was now the 
 
 only link Ijetw.-cii North and South ; but the Republican 
 
 t quit.' sanguine that, \\ ith the tactics their expe- 
 
 aid .airy off the" Presidential 
 
 .It was thus thai the mora] question as to the 
 
 . borrowed from England by our Abolitionists, 
 
 and kept alive by th< ir address till the North was thoroughly 
 
 converted into a political question 
 ie. 
 
 ana felt a dread) lest the Northern 
 
 lio had conscientiously imbibed the anti-slavery 
 
 hem reluctantly to carry their nncon- 
 
 gitstation. It is certain they had 
 
 Mit tliere was no alternative. Without a 
 
 i hrandish againsl their political 
 
 thing bul to abandon the hope of 
 
 ith mc d,angerou arm they had 
 
 Abolitionists. Amhition out- 
 
 and during the four \ i irsjusl ••lapsed, 
 
 I with the din of the anti- 
 
 v. ritere, lector* rs, and preach- 
 
 • d in th ' . and their united efforts 
 is of the negro, and the ex- 
 
communication of the slaveholder. Fvery chtircn, public 
 hall, and hustings through the North, lias rang with anathe- 
 mas against the vilified South ; and it is npl Btrari'ge, there- 
 fore, that people accustomed to th.is unbroken strain of 
 vituperation, should hegin to believe, at last, that slavery 
 was quite as hideous as it was painted. 
 
 In October, 1850, an event occurred which amazed the 
 whole country. We allude to the invasion of the State o{' 
 Virginia, by dohn Brown and his retinue ot men. This 
 man Brown had. figured in "bleecliiiff Kansas as a daring 
 
 & ,r> to 
 
 ring-leader of the anti-slavery hands that had contended 
 for the mastery there. When these bloody contests subsi- 
 ded, he was redueed to inaetion ; and lie ehafed at tin- I 
 of the stern excitement congenial to his fierce nature. 
 Whether it was fanati<-i>ni or ambition that inspired him. 
 no one can say ; but he conceived the horrible projeol 
 setting on foot a servile insurrection. Followed hy a hand- 
 ful of desperate men, he suddenly entered the State of 
 Virginia, seized the arsenal of the Federal Government, to 
 obtain the arms he needed, and raised the cry of "Freedom 
 fcO 8 aves." To his astonishment, no doubt, the affrighted 
 blacks ran to their masters for protection, and some wnv 
 shot in seeking to escape. This nefarious attempt. was 
 quelled by the arrest of lb-own and his confederates, and 
 their subsequent trial and execution. 
 
 One thing was prove 1 hy ihe utter failure of this daring 
 outrage, for it showed that the l>la<-ks were contented with 
 their homes, ami desired'nol the emancipation of the sword. 
 Another thing, if not <[uit<' Bq dear, at least looked omi- 
 nous. This madman. Brown, had been known as an effi- 
 cient, instrument in the hands of the anti-slavery party 
 
 New England ; ami it was. therefore a matter of eeujectiirc 
 at the South how far he was incited to tin- fearful attempt 
 against their very existence. Had they not some reason t«< 
 
 think the aet net the approval of tie' AbolltioflLgJa <<i \ 
 North, when 800 bells tolled f"r the fab ol Hmwii. ami 
 
. while 
 • 
 • the mind and heart of the 
 were K J to bel'n 
 tin: Jtra wing of the Republican par. 
 
 and tlio destruction 
 . 
 
 in the sui I860, which 
 
 • 1 their conviction that the North* rn States had 
 
 : into a < land with 
 
 lire ami swofdl li was dis c\ ivercij tiia: a book, called the 
 
 • [mpeudii " was h ' retl^ circulated all over 
 
 meut,. ' The nurjpovl 
 this volume was to show, h. ; ' asDy figures, 
 
 ■• ; th<' fr< i > rth wa profitable than 
 
 hlaek lahor of the South. The tdhe of the hook Was 
 \Vc will acid a few extracts, whic1 
 will eui i ipiniou of the 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 wlilcli 
 
 ! -t!i wTmt Poland h to !:> 
 
 •ii m itli Sl.i\ v.]n»liler.- in 
 Polltios; ii" Fellowship with tliciain I.teligion ; |io AtHliatiun \vitU theui 
 
 Ruffians, 
 
 w -s :iiid Criminal-." -| [i. I".i'.. 
 
 bljcnn |mr . .'*— 
 
 " In 
 
 ut ai! Iiu djoiiftaea <■;' 
 
 11 ;:, s:.v 
 ... 
 • 
 
 . holders cle- 
 inflM* Mil 
 
47 
 
 '■Shall we pat the bloodhounds of slavery ( Shall wo foe tlio curs of 
 shivery .' Shall we pay the whelps of slavery? Np, never.' 1 — Q). 329.) 
 
 •• Our purpose is as tinnly lixed as the eternal pillars of heaven •: we 
 have determined to ftholisn slavery, and, so help us Goo ! abolish it we 
 will."— (p. L87.) 
 
 The volume containing the al)OV'e ({notations, not by any 
 means the most hitter, was endorsed by (18 members of 
 Congress of the Republican party, whose names were giv- 
 en for publication. The South, under manifestations like 
 these, felt they had a right to infer that, it* a party making 
 8 ich declarations of hostility were elected to power by the 
 North, they must either consent to the early abolition of 
 black slavery, or retain it by seceding from the Union. 
 
 When the British Government emancipated theblacksin 
 her colonies, she acted with the strictest commercial equity ; 
 but the book in question repudiates any compensation to 
 the k - curs and whelps of slavery.*' One more extract : 
 
 "The hlaek god of slavery, jvhjcu tlv South has worshipped for 257 
 -."-■:•. f(>3 > 
 
 Now. the writ"i- is ignorant that the South protested for 
 years, first, against the mother country, and, next, against 
 New England, importing slaves withkfr-Her. bowlers. How- * 
 ever, the objeel of the book was to inflame the mind of the 
 North against the South, and t*h«refore falsehood was just 
 as good as truth. 
 
 In April. I860, the delegates of the J >em<>cratic part v 
 met in Gmvii/ioii at Charleston, South Carolina', to make 
 .• nomination For the Presidency, The Northern ty\ng 
 of iic- party proposed Senator L>otigl;e. a- the most eligible 
 euili.liia' at eie North, from his doctrine, of; u t Popular 
 vig-ity." The Southern wing objected, as they con- 
 .-:d.'i-e 1 aaid doc.trine only a coocessi »n to the A.nti-slaverv 
 dogma, Mr. Douglas did not withdraw hie name, and a 
 
 * ■ ' ■ -7-* ' — 
 
 MVt T)o6gta$ proposed" giving the people ol h Territory the right to 
 retain or • u r, Inrtead ot' reserving the derision tHItheTerri- 
 
 !-.-v w :i- , ■:■!'! ii' ,,] - n St. 1 !e, tin- pr:i.-| i . ■■ till !|. 
 
I- 
 
 rupture of the party ensued. The N"ortheru delegate's 
 
 ■ ated Mr. Douglas* fn Baltimore, June 18 ; ami on the 
 
 Southern delegates nominated Vice- 
 
 :• lit lirciki uri- i 
 
 doubled the chances of the ptepubljean party. 
 which met in convention to Belecl their candidate at Chi- 
 
 ' "'■ 0. I' was generally supposed .foal 
 Mr. W. Jl. Seward, tin: acknowledged leader of the Auti- 
 : ;. party at the Noj$b, au able and wi . man, 
 
 J be its i h:uii[)ion in the electoral lists aboiil to 
 
 (•[-.■ii : but, to tin; surprise of all. an almost unknown poli- 
 tician of tin- \V.--t. Mr. Ahraham Lincoln, was Bcjectea as 
 Lai i.ir.i-hrarer. 
 the 6tb of November, \^<)<k the lonff agitation, on*the 
 I icstion) that began in 1803, ended with the elec- 
 tron to the 1'iv-ideiicy of Ahraham Lincoln, the represen- 
 
 of the Republican party; bnl which contained within 
 . like the Trojan horse of old, the armed paten of 
 tion party. Shortly after this event, Gov. Andrew, 
 
 • >: Massachusetts, declared at a public meetings that "the 
 of Mr. Lincoln wafl only Che first step towards 
 
 forcible emancipati'dri/ 1 
 
 KKMMK. 
 
 The whole territory of the States, North and Smith, was 
 originaMy ilaveholding — English, Spanish, and French. 
 Not 1'i'mim any local law, bul from the laws of the mother 
 country. 
 
 garded only as property in all the thirteen 
 
 ll formed the I'nion | Bffltee it would have hen a 
 
 inauifl urdity for the slaveholders who made the 
 
 : Independence. 1m declare "all men were 
 
 horn tree and equal* had they not considered their slaves 
 
 i ly. 
 
 In i'orminLC the I niuii. t ItO t hirteen slave Male- coiilerrcd 
 
 upon t lie Kederal (-lovernuient the power to tax slave p*o 
 
 perty ; to protect it fr<>m foreigners. m< well cm the national 
 
49 
 
 territories as at sea, aud also from domestic escape ; and 
 conferred no other power, either to prohibit or to extend it. 
 The ISTorth clung to the profits of the Slave Trade as long- 
 as possible, and attacked the slave system when they were 
 deprived of those profits. 
 
 The territory that was once all slave, lias become free; — 
 1st, by the Ordinance of 1787, prohibiting slaves north of 
 the Ohio ; 2d, by eight Northern States abolishing slavery 
 in their borders ; 3d, by the Missouri Compromise of 18*20, 
 prohibiting slaves north of 30° 30' ; 4th, the act admitting 
 Texas re-enacting that line. Thus the North has driven 
 slaves out of half the Territories of the United States, 
 showing a constant and large aggression upon the South. 
 
 The duty of the Government is undoubtedly to protect 
 the property upon the Territories, until people there settled 
 form their own laws. 
 
 The agitation of the slave question grew originally out of 
 the chagrin of New England, at being deprived of the 
 slave trade and its profits. It was prolonged by the mutual 
 irritation that the opposition of Massachusetts to the pur- 
 chase of Louisiana occasioned. 
 
 Emancipation made steady progress in all the States, until 
 Abolition forced the slaveholders upon the defensive. 
 
 Abolition made little progress, until unscrupulous parti- 
 sans coquetted with it for party issues. 
 
 The question of the power of the Government to exclude 
 slavery from the Territories, has been blended with the 
 moral question as to the " sin of slavery." 
 
 The cry »f "Free Soil" Was raised in 1-S4S, \>y Mr. Van 
 Pnuvn. to average hi- non-nomination by the South, al lol- 
 linioiv. 
 
 The compromise measures of I860, were carried by the 
 influence of Henry < Hay. 
 
 Violation of these comproi -• -, by the "Pers >nal I . 
 Bills" of tin- Northern St.:' m followed. 
 
 Repeal of the Missouri Compromise, in 1864. 
 4 
 
• li party, t<> make Kansas a Free 
 ■ ■. which wa 1 by the South. 
 
 iblican party, under the lead of Mr. YY\ H. 
 
 ; it- defeat [\ 
 
 itation of the slaver) qaeetioti at the North, 
 
 i»y the invasicn of Virginia by John Brown, hi 
 
 . and the circulation of the Helper Book, in 1860. 
 
 theory of a " Higher Law" al tlie North, t<> justifv 
 
 i -titution and laws of Congress, has 
 
 the Higher Law of self-preservation at the South, 
 
 t.) a dominant party, which embraces 
 
 avery" among its tcnel -. 
 
 The Soutln have been for nearly sixty years the 
 
 political persecution by the North, which they 
 
 borne with patience and returned with kindness. In 
 
 the North entered into a compromise, which has been 
 
 broken. In i - y made new agreement^ which have 
 
 ted. In l ' ■ 1 majority elected a 
 
 tie •• 1 ,;.;!' >!in" that "slavery must be iv>- 
 
 ■. . ragqd in our rights, and 
 
 threatened in our interests, what course i> left the South r 
 
 i d ilieii id await more injury ami endure more 
 
 W i thl gresslpns of the North 
 
 till b th and S >::th were -wallowed tip in the vortex 
 
 •hat the s., mh has iio alternative. Far 
 
 they should hrfvc abandonee! the Confederacy than 
 
 in only i thai ■•omproinisc the 
 
 ty "i the eo;intry. am! row the Rcedti ot undying 
 
 • 
 
 [i ordiug i ir view, the South entered into a 
 
 '•ivil tli the N-nh. on rertain conditions And 
 
 have been broken, and the South re- 
 nin";, in her opinion, n, her original 'sovcreigntv.* Even 
 
 -■ war, and <»n Joi : PI5, a report of a cowmit- 
 
 the Hartford Convention, In favor of immediate secession 
 
51 
 
 Wore it otherwise — were it true that the South owed alle- 
 giance to the Federal Government — .still, she assorts our 
 ow T n Declaration of independence in 177G, and thr present 
 practice of Europe justity all people in repudiating a gov- 
 ernment which assails their rights and saeriiiee- their best 
 interests. Jt'the Xorthern States do not aeknow ledge these 
 truths, then are they ialse to their origin, and seek I" sub- 
 stitute for a government of opinion the tyranny of .force, 
 The South will adhere to its rights of secession at all haz- 
 ards, and at every sacrifice. 
 
 A few general considerations, and we conclude our narra- 
 tive. After tracing the course of events recorded in the 
 foregoing pages, the questions naturally arise — AVhat ha-; 
 boon the result? What have the Abolitioni-t- jraineVM 
 The answers may be briefly summed up as follows : 
 
 1. They have put an end to the emancipation which 
 originated among the real philanthropists of the South. Tn 
 their wild and fanatical attempts they have counteracted 
 the very object at which they have aimed. In the language 
 of another, " The worst foes of the black race are those 
 who have intermeddled in their behalf. By nature, the 
 most affectionate and loyal of races beneath the sun, they are 
 also the most helpless ; and no calamity can befal them 
 greater than the loss of that protection they enjoy • 
 
 from the Dirton, on the pTea thai the Constitution had b 
 the Embargo Act, andthe ordering of the militia into tibe ser^ic< 
 United States. The report defended the right of secession as follow*: 
 •■ that Acts (A QoDgresa, in violation of the Constitution, are absolutely 
 
 void, i> an undeniable position Hut in cases of deliberate, 
 
 dangerous, ami palpable infractions of the Constitution, affecting the 
 sovereignty <•( a Mate and liberties of the people, it is not only the right, 
 
 but tlie duty. i>t' such State t<> interpose it- authority for their profo 
 ih the liiamier he.-t calculated to secure that end. \\ Ih-ii i 
 occur, which are either iic\ "iid the reaefa "I the judicial tribu;c is, • f fefl 
 j. iv — in:: I -admit oJ the delay incident to their foffOM, Mtettii which have 
 iinwii umpire. ; . irn jindsjn and . ■ ir own oV 
 
 Lheir power as e • otoaily to : 
 their own sovereignty and the right- and liberties of their eitizt i 
 
Indeed, the experiment has boon 
 
 them upon a freedom which they 
 
 nod the dismal results are before 
 
 it may well cxeite astonishment." 1 
 
 ;• • kimr confirmation of the above, wo extract from 
 
 veur the following cases of 
 who lived tn over a liuiu! vd voars : 
 
 105 
 
 M 1 .*{.'> 
 
 - ( 140 
 
 'l I'-' 
 
 Uli the Q the earth in their posses- 
 
 . .i long discipline as the 
 
 ULfiouaJ indolence has 
 
 autii'ul i:-lands of the sea into howling 
 
 .. bo say, that if the South should 
 
 . iiTcndcr every slave, the wisdom of the 
 
 ■ 'iilil not solve the 
 ■ >in would be their doom. 
 ithern n nows this truth and feels its pow- 
 
 • 
 
 il you touch cotton — the main- 
 
 .. iiiiirry of the World in motion. 
 
 Plain wild and dangerous notions 
 
 of 111 ftYO thus jeopardized the eom- 
 
 .:.tiy and the manufacturing interests of 
 
 ;. i, • \ have Likewise destroyed conti- 
 
 • n, all the. kind relations that have ever existed 
 
 • ii the Morth and the South have been interrupted, 
 
 hloropeaii laborer^ tlio biaek lives like a prince. Be 
 
 lien My neat anil clean, and always weather-proof. He lias 
 
 over which he is lord paramount. He is 
 
 i. well lodged, well eluthed, and never overworked. Hi-- holidays 
 
 inuii 1 with infinite gusto* Sleek, happy, and eon 
 
 •■ live* t" i - :e. I -lu'lder finds it to his 
 
 gTOM libemHy, and takesewry moans to make them 
 
53 
 
 and a barrier erected, which, .socially, commercially, and 
 politically, has separated the heretofore united interests of 
 the two sections. 
 
 3. They have held out a Canadian Utopia, where they 
 have taught the slaves in their ignorance to believe they 
 could enjoy a life of ease and luxury, and having cut them 
 off from a race of kind masters. ;nnl separated them from 
 comfortable homes, left the deluded beings, incapable of 
 self-support, upon an uncongenial soil, to live in a state of 
 bestiality and misery, and die cursing the Abolitionists as 
 the authors of their wretchedness 
 
 4. They have led a portion of fhe people of the North, as 
 well as of the South, to examine the question in all i|a 
 aspects, and to plant themselves upon the broad principle 
 that that form of government which recognizes I ru- 
 tion of slavery in the United Stat -\ is the best, the condi- 
 tion of the two races, white and black being considered, for 
 the development, progress, and happiness of each. Tn other 
 words, to regard servitude as a blessing to i}n~ negro, ana, 
 under proper and philanthropic I'eetrictipne, necessary to 
 their preservation and the prosperity of the ceuntry. 
 
 5. Step by step they have built np a party upon an i 
 which has led to a dissolution of the Union. They have 
 scattered the seed.- of Abolitionism until a majority of tic 
 voters of the Free State- Lave become animated by a fixed 
 purpose to prevent the further growth of the slave p >.t. 
 
 The power of the North has and, far 
 
 the first time in the history of the < ountry, it is wb'M< d ;i 3 a 
 sectional weapon against the in t South. Tie 
 
 Government is now in the haudi of ni 
 ern votes, who regard slavery ;i rim , 
 
 they will have the meant 
 purp< 
 
 The utterances that have berel from th< 
 
 trum, or from irresponsible assocjati dividual s, now- 
 
 come from the throne. 'Clad with the sanctities of offi< 
 with the anointing oil poured upon the monarch's head. • 
 
forth thnl t!:< institution of Honthern 
 
 trained within assigned limits. Though 
 
 Providence should send forth its branches like 
 
 ; :'l soil, heYe is a 
 th, thai n\ • it shall wither and die 
 
 circle." 
 i ■■■ ident of th<> 1'n 
 
 < If slave ami 
 
 half r 
 
 lh<* ii. ct tliat it will . .':i«i> t>ili.- divj led. It will 
 
 bing, or all tlio other. Either U> of ulavery 
 
 I Oj it. an. I | [JUblic Blind 
 
 *hall : ' tliat it i^ in tl 
 
 iL i: forward until i; shall 1 in all 
 
 . ■ IJ as new . X'Ttli a- well us South." 
 . 1 hated kIhwtv as mnch a- any .\i><>liti<nii-4. I 5ftV< 
 
 • I 'in.- Whig. I hfl I 
 
 : nhitimto i .III w» re ii 
 
 lion whether, slaver e prohibited 
 
 rv. i;i spite of the DredS I wouH \ 
 
 •• tbofitionism and fanaticism is a blood-hound that never 
 
 track wIhmi it has once lapped blood. Theelava- 
 
 candidate is far from being tl tfmmation 
 
 of their aims, h is only the beginning of thai coiYstrm- 
 
 If all history l"' i there will h>' coercion 
 
 ■'' the beginning is reached, and the 
 
 banquet of slaughter and rain shall glul the appe- 
 
 • 
 
 i the end has come. The divided house, which 
 
 I tfullv -aid would not fall, has Fallen. The 
 
 ruin- n are at the feet as well bf those who loved 
 
 and • • : - of those wholaborefl For its destruction. 
 
 1 n is at length a nullity. 
 
THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
 The secession from the old Union, or the dissoluth 
 the United States, -which has resulted in the formation of it- 
 new Republic called •• The Confederate Statpg of America^' 
 commenced by the withdrawal of the Sovereign State of 
 South Carolina from the Union. The Ordinance of S< 
 sion was passed on tlie 20th December, 1B60. The •■ 
 sion movement thus inaugurated, was taken up and fol- 
 lowed by other States. Mississippi passed Ordinal: 
 Separation on January 9th, 1861 ; Florida, January 11th, 
 1861; Alabama, January 11th, L861 ; Georgia, January 
 19th, 1861; Louisiana, January 25th, 1861, declaring their 
 sovereign independence and separate existence from the 
 Union. 
 
 A Convention of Delegates from the six seceding States 
 was called, and assembled iii Congr< • miery, 
 
 Ala., to organize a Provisional ( The a 
 
 bly met on the 4th dayof E\ ' \ Provi 
 
 Constitution for the States was { i od the 8th di 
 
 February. On the 9th day of February Congn 
 to the election of a Presided and Vice President. 
 I)avis. ef Mississippi, as President, and Alex. II. Stc] ' 
 of < Georgia, i .- Vice-President, vv< e unanimously • ' 
 for the term of one year. On the L8th day of Fein 
 President Davis was inaugurated. On February 1st, 18(51, 
 the State of Texas passed an'< Ordinance ol 
 was followed by the following Stab : Virginia, April 17ih. 
 1861 ; Teunessee, Ma\ 6th, 1861 ; ,\; 
 North Carolina. May 20th, 1861 | Vi - i«ri, Octol er 
 1861 : Kentucky, November 20th, U 
 
Permanent Constitution was adopted, and eppn 
 
 by • !mt mm the 11th Mar-h. 1861 
 
 An <!cetiou for President and Vice President waa held 
 on th<- 6th day of November, l s <n, for the first regular 
 term of >':\ yean under tin' p »nnanent Constitution. 
 
 Provisional Govern tided on the 18th day of 
 
 February, IS 
 
 The pen Government was organised on the 22na 
 
 oi February, I$62, by the inauguration of Jefferson Davis, 
 as IV sident, aud Alex. II. Stephens, as Vice President for 
 
 lar term of six vc;irs. 
 
57 
 
 CHRONICLE OF EVENTS 
 
 A Ml 
 
 DIARY OF THE PRESENT REVOLUTION. 
 
 I860. 
 
 ruber <>. Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin, the Republican 
 candidates for President and Vice-President were elected by a sectional 
 vote of the United S". 
 
 November 13. Georgia Legislature appriaflriattfd »n« million dollars to 
 :irm the State. 
 
 November 19. A detachment of State troops ordered to guard the arse- 
 ..'. Charleston, S C. 
 
 December l4. Cass, Secretary . resigned, because President 
 
 Buchanan refused to reinforce Fort Sumter. 
 
 December 17. The Comvention of the people of South Carolina, called 
 t<jgether by the Legislature of the State, raeeta in Columbia, S. ('.. to 
 decide on measures relative to the aspect of affairs, arising from the elec- 
 tion of si President and Yi nt who were known enemies of the 
 . The Convention adjourned to meet in < hurl— ton. 
 
 December 20. The South Carolina Convention, on the ■econd day of 
 \U -■ —ion in Charleston, with but few dissenting rote*, passed an ordi- 
 
 Ihe election for I'. id Vioe-Preeideal was held in the Ste1 • 
 
 and resulted as follows : 
 
 Total nnml • 1.'. 
 
 Total nnmber of Northern States 8,490,076 
 
 Whole number ol votes in the Union t,73l 
 
 \ ote for Lincoln 
 
 Vote against Lincoln : — 
 
 Dor gifts n ; I 
 
 
 
 7 ; -_• . V ', 7 
 
 L& 
 
 Majority in the Union against Lincoln 1>T2,301 
 
nd independent from tbo 
 
 tfajor -V j j . ! • 
 in-carriagcs and 
 
 ' : i < • k !)<•>■ by the 
 enue-cutter 
 
 !>.•< v of W ;r . Presi 
 
 3 . . . < - 1 : j • :>. t i . > m nt' J'«>rt SmiitiT. after 
 
 lionld be pi 
 S Vrsenal in i mod of 
 
 >ps evacuating it *by agreement. The 
 
 ■' :inn» ;iml military stores 
 
 1861. 
 
 .,>. Cojuuiisaionors Ici't for Waahkigton. 
 Pulaski, Savannah, taken and g - roopa/ in antic i- 
 
 upatiou 1 Mounl Vernon A i 
 
 :• I >plphin ..-.ken poi - 
 
 i . ention 
 
 . taken by the Alabama troops, 
 lal message to Ooinrr i 
 intrj ■ -Tji ■"'■ Thompson, Secretary of the interior, 
 . been sent to Port Sumter, and 
 
 : and ('a • 
 h of and I by Smitli 
 
 :■ Hi' the Wesl fired into an ! driven 
 
 I land, Failun • Ltempt to 
 
 ■•! the ordinani . - - 
 be ajutllOI$tie$. 
 
 I'ikr in . ':!l'Hh . 
 
 ■ ,'•■'.. ;. passed the 
 
 I <:\ ,!i-. uihUt COU1 
 
 il. Walton, ba\ ; :, junction al Baton R 
 
 I thi parishes of Baal and 
 
 ok unopp i'>n of the Federal Arsenal in 
 
 commamtent, surrea'deriag it to 
 
5$ 
 
 (tbv!~Mbor6, ami being permitted to remove his command, with their 
 ami's and equipments. 
 Tin' Alabama Oohvehti§(n by a vote oft; I to- SO, passed the ordinance 
 
 • cession! 
 January i-j. Capttfre of the Pe'nsacoia Navy Yard, and Port Barrancas- 
 Major Chase shortly afterwards takes command, and the siege t 
 ns commences. 
 January l". The Federal troops, under command ol Major II 
 whtbh had been in garrison «1 the arsenal-, Baton Rouge, lefl that city tn 
 hoard Hie steamer Sfagenta, ft>r St. Louis. 
 
 January 15. The Missfesrffpi ordnance of sw »ion was rtgned by every 
 hi 'inher of the convention, excepl tWO wlm were a'^cnt. thus making it 
 the nnanimous act of the com ention. 
 
 Lieut Slenmier, who commanded tin- Federal troops in Fort Pickens. 
 Pehsacohi harbor, refused to surrender. Thefort was manned by abont 
 one hundred men. 
 
 January FT. \ Washington dispatch suinouuced tliat the Cabinet would 
 not recognise the South Carolina Commb>iom'ix iti their official capacity, 
 and refused tO hold intercourse with t hem. 
 
 January is. A party of volunteers, took pwaession of iorl McRae, 
 Petisiicola harbor, and found in it several valuable guns, but none 
 mounted. 
 
 January ]!>. The Georgia Ootfrertkra, by a vote ot 2ns to 99, passed 
 the ordinance of secession. There was prrcat rejoicing throughout the 
 as the news apt 
 January 23. The Washington Artillery, of New Orleans, wan orgi 
 as a battalion, under command of Major Walton. 
 
 January 24. The Federal arsenal near Anguata, to;.. | on tain ins a large 
 quantity of arm--, and gartfgoned by a company of Federal krooj 
 
 ed to Gov. Brown, of Georgia, who had about 700 State troops 
 with him to support, and, if pa iiforce his demand. 
 
 January 20. The Louisiana Convention, by a vote of ija to 17. \ 
 tie ordinance of secession, adopted a resolution iu relation to a free navi- 
 gation of the Mississippi river, and then adjourned to meet in Now Or- 
 leans on the 29th. Previous to adjournment the ordinance 1 was signed by 
 all the delegates but ten. 
 
 ruary 1. Undei Louisiana Convention, tin 
 
 .Mint and Suh-'i.- S O n were takaa po 
 
 ■ old officers v. ml empov. . Qtin'ue "n *' 
 
 er, the 
 Snrv< y or and the Sub 
 leld from the !'• 
 
 d the 
 non. 
 
: alter Gaei tu ihe Alabama au- 
 
 in Congress to 
 form i I lary will be ■ 
 
 Jay in tli try. < ': tkal day the 
 
 •UVflltinll | 
 
 the Northern s h.tc- refining to be ronas- 
 • Id for members o> :. 
 
 titutiou ot the Confederate State-* 
 I torida, Alabama. Mis 
 
 . i. : . -iana rapt - Uttlo Kook Ar.-v:ial. \vi: 
 
 ^.Miiiiuiutio'.i. surrendered to tin 1 Arkansas 
 
 i wader II. Stephen*. 
 • . i'l \ i--< - J 'r.— *h)i!i* of the Provisional 
 
 .-.' votes were counted, 
 
 and Raralla were decided July elected P rss ide at and Yice- 
 
 abriefand very dull. Tba lincoiniteshad 
 
 ■•; had made dispnsi- 
 
 ■uilii.iry foi oomraand in ri ;o the 
 
 in the Capitol, bat unnecessarily, as there waa 
 
 ; eaetrarion of hostility. 
 
 property in Texas to 
 . ithbrities. ito, V S A. nir renders San Antonio to CM 
 
 ' illoch and his 'I 
 
 As M Montjrtnnery, Ala. 
 February 22. Lincoln Iraisi . (tag of thlrty-f a Independence 
 
 ladelphia, his !'<"•>! down firmly'* fur "universal 
 
 [unlity." 
 
 tJAltimoro incognito, on hi- way 
 in a hi lie morning. Be bad audd< • 'y and 
 
 ! ■/. i speeial train, and wasdis- 
 
 li plaid cap and a very long military oloalt;" 
 
 1 ■■ - \ iral of his partisans, and 
 
 taken t<> WiMard'a Hotel. Boon afterwards, accompanied by Beward, he 
 
 paid hi 'uchanan. The cause of this strange nlghl 
 
 Lincoln ha* I explained. His partisans tried 
 
 to malu 'c was a ] his lite, but they tailed to 
 
 bring forwa 'a. His exit from the federal capitol", it 
 
 - ii'idiiruiti. i as bis entrance into it. 
 
 I :.]•]•« >i nt < id Maj.ir -General in Confederate, 
 Armv. 
 
61 
 
 March 2. The Revenuo-auttof Dodge seized by liio authorities of 
 Tex a*. 
 
 March 4. < taneral Beauregard MRsnmes cuftmiand of tin- 1 roea* beseigirig 
 Port Sumter. 
 
 March 4. Inauguration of President Lincoln took place in Washii 
 It differed from all former Inaugurations of the Chief Magistrate in this, 
 that a large body of military under some pretext, was concentrated in 
 Washington, prepared and. under orders for actn e serviee, and lhat it v. as 
 the inauguration o! a fVc-iden! whose authority WR9 totally repudiated 
 by seven of the once Fnited State-, and w : ;iiuu r in ■■ 
 
 others. 
 
 The surrender if Fort Brown to the Texas autlrtwi 
 by Captain Hid, commander of the Federal garrison, on the demand of 
 the Texas Commissioners, who were supported b\ a strong ton'" of vol' 
 unteers under command of Col. Ford. 
 
 Marcli 7. The Confederate Congress confirmed the noirtirmtiom of Col. 
 Braxton Bragg, of Louisiana, as BrigadrerCreneral <>f the Pw>riak>nnl 
 army; also of Col. Hardee, of Ga., as Colonel of the 1>! regitnenl "f Con- 
 federate States infantry. 
 
 March IF The Permanent Constitution of the rate States 
 
 udopted by Congress at Montgomery. 
 
 Marcli 13. The Constitution af the Confederate States ratified by Ala- 
 bama, by a votfl el '7 to S. 
 
 March Kb Georgia ralilies the Constkuth f the Confederate States 
 
 by a vote of 87 to •">. 
 
 March 21. Louisiana ratiii. -s ! he ( oiistitufion of the Confederate 8 
 
 by i vote of ioi to 7. 
 March 23. Texas ratifies the Constitution of the Confederate i tales b> 
 
 .1 vote Of 08 to 2. 
 
 March SO. Mississippi ratifies the Coostitntion of the Confederate 
 Blatsi by t vote of ffl to 7. 
 April 3. South Carolina ratifies the Constitution ofc the ' 
 
 States, by a vote of 14'.i to St. 
 
 Gen. Beaaregard, the Confederate commander at Charleston sen; 
 pfitch by telegraph to the Confederate Secretary of War. at Montgomery, 
 stating that an authorised messenger from Lincoln had Jus} informed 
 GoTertior Pickens and himseTf that provisions would be sent Into Fort 
 Sumter, peaceably, if possible, but by force, if i 
 
 The steamship I3alt$< h I \"ew York 
 heavily loaded with arms, nnjtions of war, stores, pr< guntn 
 
 bags, iVc 
 
 April 12-13. Battle ol Fort Sun tor. Brilliant vi< 
 llcauregard and the South Carolina er thirty-four hours' 
 
62 
 
 •at the fort surrenders to the Caufedesats States. v 
 
 VraK and a ineditnh 
 on it v • qoently, abandoned. 
 
 April 14. Evacuation of Fori Sumter by Major Anderson and hi* cam 
 :11.1ml. Altrjiit.i.iii Lincoln, President >•; the 1 sited States 
 
 . to put down tin- ''Southern 
 ,li<>n." 
 April r, U. & A., surrenders Fort Bl 
 
 I I. W. M< (iritliu, thi tmintS9ioner. 
 
 April - ire of the North Carolina forts and the Fayettevilh)MP<- 
 nal bj ■]>-■ 
 
 r«l lii— proclamation caUii 
 Apri lire of the steamship Star el I I Van 
 
 Dora, 0. S. A. 
 April IT. oia i"ii\r;iiiu:i passed the prdiruvn 
 
 I tn ratification bj the b« people op the 8$d day <»i 
 
 1 in.- t'unvi iitioii al>>> ratified the constitution of the Provisional 
 
 linriit of I ltd Stales. 
 
 April li'. The aarrlson in Harfecji Ferrj Armory, under cotumanH 
 
 d1 Lieut, Jonas, hearing of the approach of a bod} of Virginia troop*. 
 
 Armory, and evacuated the place 
 
 which was Una pied by the Virginia troop-. 
 
 April 1'.'. 'Hie Baltimore massacre. The oiti Baltimore »;ta>-i 
 
 Northern mercenaries passing through tbeirckj en route 
 
 lnin'i!> regiuieut fires on the pei iplo, and main 
 
 led. Two mercenaries aro^also shot. Greajfc exeitenicnt follows. 
 
 iryland people proceed to born the railroad bridges ami fear 
 
 up the track, 
 
 able exciteiuuul ftu* treated throughout the t'onfeUornn- 
 bj a report thai Gen. Scot! had resigned his commission in the 
 
 oln issued hi- proclamation thai be had sel pu fool a blockadi ol 
 rts ..1 the seceded States,: also, thai any Confederate privateer 
 ! nited States would be held amenable to the 
 the punishment of pin 
 
 . lie of things in thai citj 
 open 1 ii"\\. The press is gagged. Free 
 
 lalfofthol not allowed, and a sympn- 
 
 w.ith the South hardl) dare call his soul his own. And this a free 
 
 r.iuni >I< fthe press,' the great Herald' whicti-hu* 
 
 nth unflinchingly, has cowered before a 
 
 mr Mend to j our enemy. < Mini- journals have, 
 
 been threatened with pfftage, or blown fifty high with 
 
(33 
 
 gunpowder, unless they came out boldly and unequivocally for the 
 Union; one printing establishment has been entirely sacked, and tfio 
 mob reigns supreme.' 1 
 
 April 20. Capture of the Federal army at fndlanola, T 
 Van Dom, C. S. A. The Federal officers released on parole. 
 
 April 20. Attempted destruction of Norfolk Navy-vard by the Federal 
 authorities. The wofks set on Gre and several ships scuttled and sunk. 
 Tie Federal troop's retreat to Fortress Monroe. The Navy -yard 
 qucntly occupied by the Virginians. 
 
 April 21. The steamboat Decatur, bound to New Orleans, and li 
 with provisions and Western produce, was boarded at Cincinnati by a 
 mob, and detained by the "Committee of Safety." 
 
 April 22. Florida ratifies the Constitution of the Confeitbtate ? 
 unanimously. 
 
 April 28. Federal troops were stationed at Cairo, fflinqis, ostensibly to 
 prevent steamboats and other craft, bound South with provisions, Arc, 
 passing down the river. 
 
 Fort Smith, Arkansas, captured by the Arkansas troop-; under Colotn I 
 Solon Borland. 
 
 April 2C. The 'Washington States and tTnion — a tie utheru 
 
 paper — suspended publication, apprehending violence from' tin 1 
 colnites. 
 
 May 1. The new tariff of the CenfeHorate States «\?ht into op< ration. 
 
 May 6. Teanesj •] from the tThion. Arlcans; fyom 
 
 the Union. War declared by President Davis againsl the l'i 
 The Cont'e h is issue letter^ of marine to jmvaf 
 
 Ma> '.'. The blockade of Virginia commenced. 
 
 A body of Federal troop, under command of !b. 
 men of the Nth ii; laiit ry > survem ttl War to < ol. Van 
 
 Darn's command, uenr .he San Lucia Springs, 22 B u An- 
 
 tonio. This w ii- the las; body ..!' Feder.d broopd in T<\ 
 
 May lo. A body oi .'i.hihi Federal volunteer-, under < apt:, in by US, F !" 
 
 A. nnroiuHl the encampnieat u . r St. Louis, 
 
 and oblige them to surrender. I'hc St. Louis Massacre. The German 
 volunteers, under Colo Ji»., wantonh tire upoa the 
 
 people in the streets of St Louis, kinitt- and (rounding :i large number. 
 
 May ll. The Bt. Louis i. repetition of t : > nes of 
 
 May lo. '1 1,, d< I ol down. ; ' • • 
 
 butchered in cold ldo.nl. T-he bfc 
 niuiieed by tii ra. 
 
 May 14. Gen. B. F. Uuth r. with a Sod} 
 occupied Baltimore, issued a proclamation to the pcoph- ■ 
 ■M-ttii:^: forth I b< Hon. 
 
: Prioe v. as apjxi ' ■ M --..>■ ri 
 
 IPs Poi t 
 i, aided by tin- 
 in;- driven off with ' ' ■ hurt on 
 
 rgini 
 
 the principal telegraph office* in Liucoludoni, 
 btain evidence ngain.-t Northern ^yi 
 with the South. ' Lmeolhito paper? lauded the lyrni 
 
 ,,d in tho vicinity, there were soiuu i. 
 i •■ troop*, from Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, (jcorgia ami 
 
 Florida, under oommand of Gen. Dn 
 Wheeling, V* ipied bj Federal troops. 
 
 I | , :i E. Johnson take-* conuuttnd ■ »!' . 
 
 • ^«- 
 
 84. Alexandria, Virginia, occupied by 5000 Federal troops, tl^e 
 tans having retreated. Killing of Colonel Ellsworth l»y the heroic 
 on, 
 
 (jamptou, Va., uear Fortress Mour tlie J 
 
 pied. 
 I Mobile 
 idenl 1 '•"•' - ; ' Richmond, 
 
 . i Virginia, was occupied !>\ Federal ti 
 
 ral Harney removed from the Federal command hi Mis 
 
 ►niiri. I f liis not using proper efforts to snbdne the Missouriaus, 
 
 by General Lynn. 
 
 ..!. Fight :■' Fairfax Court Hon ncounter of tho 
 
 oaauMri the fall of Hanstev. Federal cavalry, commanded by 
 
 and were repulsed, 
 with heavj loss, b} Warrenion Rules, commanded by Captain Man-. 
 
 finning of the i ■ arnor 
 
 Su.ii! ■ ! the Virginia troo|w i 
 
 in. ni al a the V irginte bei 
 
 ami the I i ind Tu as 
 
 i .1. 
 .lunc :'.. Uatllv ol PhiUippa, iy ■ ■ Virginia. Col. Kelly, copp 
 
 ruanding a bod) ol Federal troopj aud Virginia tocics, attacks an iuferior 
 lUtherners at Phillip] I uloucl Ponterficld, and routes 
 
 them. I ■'■'} worn ipveral on both sides iv 
 
 led. 
 
 i- died in < Ihic 
 
65 
 
 -Tunc 5. Fight at Plg*a Point Battery, between the Confederate troops 
 and the United States steamer Harriet Lane, resulting in the discomfiture 
 of the enemy. The Harriet Lane badly hulled. 
 
 June 8. The people of Tennessee ratify the Constitution of the < 
 erate States, by a vote for separation of 108,511 to 4flT,238. 
 
 June 10. Battle of Great Bethel, near Yorktown. Ya. This sj ■'. 
 victory was gained 1-y eleven bundivd North Carolinians and Yirgi 
 commanded by Colonel J. Bankhead Mftgruder, over lour thousand five 
 hundred troops, under Brigadier General Pierce. The Federal Iroof) 
 tacked the Southern entrenchments, and after a fight of four hour- wore 
 driven back and pursued to Hampton. Southern loss, one man killed and 
 
 ren wounded. Federal loss is believed to bo several hundred. ITiej 
 confess to thirty killed and one^hundred wounded. 
 
 •Tu no 13. Governor Jackson, of Missouri issues a proclamation, calling 
 the people of that State to arms. Ho commences to concentrate ti-.' j.- 
 at Jerl'erson City, bnrninc: the bridges on the route to St. Lotus and the 
 East. 
 
 June 1(>. Gen J E Johnston, with nearly all his force?, withdrew fn m 
 Harper's Ferry, having previously blown up the stupendous railroad 
 bridge over the Potomac, and fired the eight large buildings in the armo- 
 ry yard. He moved towards Winchester, and the army bivouacked in 
 the vicinity of Charleston. 
 
 Mr. Tucker, editor of the Missouri State Journal, was agceeted in St. 
 Louis on the charge of treason. 
 
 Federal troops occupied Jefferson City, Mo., without resistance. 
 Jack son and his party had left two days previously for Boonevi.le. 
 
 June 16, Fight near Leeshurg. Ya. Federals driven off by Qojonel 
 Hunton. 
 
 June 17. Another murderous outrage by Federal troop- Limine 
 
 Guards; occurred in St. Louis. The gun of one of the soldier- ac?i 
 ally exploded as tney were on^fhe march, when opposite the Recorder's 
 court-room, and they immediately, without any provocation, fired indis- 
 crYminately among the people, seven of whom were killed and » I 
 number wounded. One of the men killed was in the court v<«>'.\\ ifl the 
 time, and the Recorder had a narrow escape. 
 
 ■Line 17. Battb art I\:iii-a- City between 1300 Missourians, umh 
 Kellc.v. and 1300 Federals. The latter defeated. Federal lOsrt 100 
 killed and wounded. Confederate b>s-- 40 killed and wounded. 
 
 June 17. General Butler demanded 15,000 additional ; 
 Mniu-oe. Thfe Southerners burn seventy locomotives on the Balth 
 and Ohio Railroad. An order from Gnverndrtttpflhi, tli 
 troops shall occupy any portion of Kentucky. The therm' 
 Alexandria 105 degrees in the shad*. Wise moving oppos;. Met. . , i 
 advance. Sawver's cannon mounted nt 
 5 
 
66 
 
 June lb. skirmish at Ytenn lonel Gregg's South 
 
 Carolina Regiment and the otli < >hio Regiment. The enemy routed with 
 
 • Sohenck, the Federal leader, 
 
 mber. This was represented as a triviul 
 
 ■ vents, and indicative of after 
 
 force, hihI attacks the State militia 
 
 The mii: essfully. Federal loss 
 
 100 killed and a ifederate Ids?, 7 killed and 30 wounded. 
 
 .lune 10. Serious tight ai k, near Romnej, Va. ('"1 Vaughan, 
 
 ■ ian- ami I • ites a body of Federals, 
 
 killing ft mi!.. ■> r. N killed. 
 
 :he i-vacuat'h.n of Efyper's Ferry aa in perfect accord - 
 aad that no Southern movements can in the slightest 
 ,i, _ ... ;,-,', • :,-].;•" ;:\;!i. m. . A lia ( reek defeuees increased. 
 
 \ irciilia ratified ordinain • mod by vote of 73 to 
 
 3. State » -al ofduiid. 
 .luu.-'Jl. The \V intern Virginia I.ineolnite Convention elected Frank 
 ..r: also a Lieut enanl Governor, and « full Governor's 
 il. The bogus Governor was inaugurated at Wheeling. 
 
 seling masked batteries uppodtc Kip Raps. Ro 
 
 \ to raise two Kentack) rogimeate, with blank commissions 
 
 >ttoii orders that permits shall be obtained for 
 
 m* the Loiti<svi.le and Sashville Railroad. A battle !»•! 
 
 division and Beauregard at Vienna, anticipated — the main 
 
 .. »truek from Washington, intending to effect 
 
 -ippi Souini blockaded by Federal war-veseplh Coast - 
 on by the Beef : do damage doaei 
 juni ih bank riot in Mil waukie. Wis. Military ordered out, 
 
 and tin on the people, killing nenrir t*fn. 
 
 | oonty, Va \ force' of Federal marauders land on 
 
 • i and coinmit depredation-. They are driven 
 
 killed by n company of Virginian-. 
 
 Urillirtllt atl'air ii. .ir Uoiniuy. Uaptaills Richard and Turner 
 
 . with a handful of followers, cut to 
 
 f the euomy, the Asbbys fighting half a dozen Res- 
 
 ^i M n- • the -aine moment. Captain I'ick Ashby mortally 
 
 grounded. 
 
 .Inno J7. tbias Point, between the Confederate 
 
 imer Freeborn. Captain Ward, of the 
 ro, killed. Marshal Kane, of Baltimore, arrested by order of 
 rmuent, and incarcerated in Fort Mellenry. 
 
()7 
 
 June 2S. Skirmish near Alexandria. Serjeant Bangs, Od Richl 
 killed. 
 
 Skirmish near Cumberland, Va., in which tin' Fedbraki 
 rious retreat. 
 
 June "29. The jury, with regard to the late Mood> tragedy i" *'• 
 Louis, brought in a verdict that the shouting <>1' eitizen • by the Federal 
 was done without provocation. 
 
 St. Nicholas steamer captured on 
 ington, by Col. Thomas, (Zarvonai and together with three pri i< - Rnb- 
 Boquently taken, carried into the Iluppahanuock. 
 
 July 1. General Patti be Potomac wirli the Federal arm\ 
 
 near Williamsport. 
 
 Seizure -of the Baltimore Police CounnisuoBera tij order of Genera] 
 BaAks. They are contined in Fort Mellenry, and afi«-ru ard- removed 
 to l'Mi-t Lafayette. (Xew York.i 
 
 July 2-3. Blockade of Galveston, Texas, commenccil. 
 
 July: 1 .. Battle of ITaynesville ofl the Potomac, between Geh. Patter- 
 -on*s army and the Semi hern advance under Col. Jackson. After a Mian. 
 Sght the Confederates retired. Federal loss 90 killed and wounded and 
 87 eapturcd. Confederate loss, 5 killed and 7 wounded. 
 
 The Lincoln CaLinet decides to make a gf&nd advance and a triumph- 
 ant entry of the Federal army int< • Rtehrrtdttd, Ya. Fr< 
 sioned as "Major-General in the Federal army. 
 
 July 5. Battle of Carthage. Mo., between the State troops, undi c com- 
 mand of Governor Jackson, and the Federals, tinder Gen! Sfegell The 
 battle was a bloody oim. re nearly surrounded and cut 
 
 to pieces. The Federal loss; 'cm killed and wounded; Soutfii rn 
 killed and wounded. Federal forces, under Genera! Patterson, take . 
 ion Of MarfctUsburg, Vn. Patterson adv;mces and attacks ;L I 
 feder ■», under command of General Johnston, The Federals are 
 
 defeated with great slaughter, and forced back to Mertinsfa ,v\ 
 
 skirmish occurred near NewpoitNcws, between a bod; 
 Louisiana battalion, under command of Lieut <-naut-< <>]i.n<d Drew! 
 Drew was killed in loading the attack. The Federals v. | to 
 
 •:cr sufferi - of 50 killed ami wounded. 
 
 July :>. A bed] i nynnad of <•• n. V 
 
 •speared so l,.] .i troops, with a quantity of asms, ■mmnnition and 
 provision-, ho, Mo. 
 
 Lincoln, in his n > she ]■'>■■ 
 
 mea wake the < oato SI Tort and 
 
 d. i-i\..' He denied Mat.-' ri -.-sinned ■ of 
 
 ignty for the Fed< ral Government. 
 
Was the blockade from Um lauatssippi 
 
 ..:iuT Lnt succeeds in 
 
 lerate batteries and 
 
 ■ 
 
 reinforced, 
 :io<l ho prepare* t" m 6 junction with General 
 
 ;l Lyon marched towards Roonville, 
 ■ t .«kf tli.' oath <>t' nllt'tfi.-uice to the Fed- 
 . 
 
 An United btntea rag rtnunrr 
 es mi Snip Inland. 
 ..ittcr:!-!: between tljo Confederates and 
 
 erly, Va.; ronttaat skirmishing occurring 
 ■ era. 
 JourufJ, tor itfl able advocacy if South- 
 
 . and itfl stingipf fttion of Lincoln, his advisors and 
 
 a suppressed h$ 9TU> ■.• of iicn, Lyon. 
 Rich .Mountain ween atv/iment of Virginians, wider 
 
 ram, and a laqjc body of Federals. After a 
 forced t" retreat before a 
 
 LOO killed and wounded ; 
 ■■•.mdcd. Laurel Hill evacuated by (ien. 
 
 i : :e petition, gotten up by 
 
 York lit;. i> seized by the City Marshall. Mc- 
 Clellan pur I I tt, and attacks the Mar 'of his retreating 
 
 ■ 
 
 • > .. e. in Western Virginia. The Confeder- 
 ind !i .i' liuinhvd captun cl !>y ti.ii. MrL'kllan. ( ien. Garnctt 
 
 i 
 
 inawkn Valley, between a l«>d> of 
 
 . i body "i Virginian! 7"", uiid-r (i.'iieral 
 
 • d virion o\ .r the Lcil.'raK and 
 
 ■ 
 
 ..!ii\. tttlder I he command of (general 
 
 • ■I- toward- Manassas, Battle of 
 
 Hull 1: un . .i - achieved by Gen. 
 
 I federal I >•<-, l-'ni killed and 
 
 • killed and 100 wounded. 
 
 -ion. of ill.' ( 'onfcdi'j-nte Slate- 
 d Riohn 
 
69 
 
 The maiu body of the army of the Shenandoah, under command of 
 Gon J E Jolinson, arrived at Manassas. I ten Johhsita arrived atojOut 
 
 July %h A. luival eng^genwut took.pkce bn Oregon rnjet; X. ' 
 
 tween the Confederate steamboat Beaufort and a Federal 
 
 name unknown. The latter having received three Shots' in her hntt, 
 hauled off. 
 
 July 21. Groar battle of Maqomas Plains, V . Thcj0o (federate army, 
 under Gens. Johnston and Beauregard, achieved a glorious and triumphant 
 vietory over the United States army. 
 
 The Federal army, commanded by (.. . iteDo.wpli, accord* qg 1 
 informed bineolnite journals, 9 strong, and had lit* 
 
 cannon. The Confederate army, under command of Gefiifl J E Johnston 
 and Beaueegftrd, was about S6,(S0G Strong, and had 50 pi 
 The. battle commenced soon after Sunrise, and raged until nearly A o'clock 
 in the afternoon, when the Federal-, defeated at all point- and panic 
 stricken, tied from the field irrthe utmost disorder. In all available diiw- 
 tions, closely pursued by th<3 victofiou rates. Tiio vaunted 
 
 "On to Richmond" movement wa- changed int »ageneral and inglorious 
 rout. " The admirable character of our ' 'ii. Johnston says, in 
 
 his official report, "is incontestable prevail by the rtsalt of this battle ; 
 especially when it is remembered that little more than B0O0 ifcefl pf the 
 army of the Shenandoah, with Hi gune, ftftd less than 8060 of that of the 
 Potomac, with I guns, for full live 1 •■ sssfally r. 
 
 8. troops, with a powerful artillery and a superior force of regul 
 airy. 11 "The brunt of this hood-fought engagement fell upon tin- troop; 
 who held their gfOUttd Bfl loqg frith BUOh h ' ■■\." "The 
 
 victory^'. says Gen. Beauregard, " was dearly won by the death ofmahv 
 officers and men of inestimable ?alue. ] 
 society." Amon^ tin Gonfodarstes hilled w. •■ 
 The Confederate Ipss, according tq (ion. I d's report •■■ . 
 
 860 ; wouaded 1488; making an aggregate of 1852. The Federal I <-- 
 can—4 fro aoaaJateiy stated. Their official fl 
 an approximate estimate. Gen. ird says, in Ms report i " 
 
 warranted in placing the entire los.i 
 wounded and prisoners. T<> tin- 
 of the battle, the thousands ol 
 rejoined their Mgimeats, and who ; ••■• 
 a< if slain or disabled 1 ;. woande." In oddftioi ( 
 
 lured on the held ami in the | 
 
 muskets, nearly BOO; artridptoa, fe 
 
 . with their harnesa, 26 - 
 quantity of clothing, build 
 dent Davis arrived on the fieW of battle in 
 
7" 
 
 ..i.l « oinplete ruui <ii tin- 
 
 R li'u-li. in I 
 
 I* S A, and nineteen sailors, 
 
 i lusrille, Ky., bj 
 Davis; 
 
 '; 
 
 Veivlv 
 
 [i pal Loss, 39 killed 
 . 
 
 Waahiagtan ("\\y. <■■ n. ktf 
 
 mint <•*' the Grand Army ;ii \ 
 
 • deral troops be <#61 !'•■ CSiV, ai Fort 
 
 July l ■ roaches I 
 
 trid, Me. I derate army o 
 
 tratin M ixiri. 
 
 commence.-. \xU march down the ^ atk IV 
 ninsula, 
 
 s ! A bod) of T.'i Southrons, after 
 
 and routed a detachment tend*. The 
 
 ■• i ' • tuad< an attempt tt» bombard t lie i 
 
 ml : the ateamt opelled 
 
 urrdei ■ mimand of Major l.yml . 
 in Arlzoaa, after destroying propertj aadpiwvi&taw 
 i ssion of by Lieutenant-Colonel Baylor, ofthi 
 ■ 
 
 • i Hampton, \ 'a., u a> burnt by order 
 
 ii- occupation by I w intei' qo 
 
 ' L< -ilia, Arizona, announcing the tiring and 
 
 . and the iinnu-- 
 
 Of Ari/oniaiis w ho put out the 
 
 to be of the \alu<- 
 
 . . ■ .■• amount (>!' 
 
 ad iiiii supplies foe sis months* 
 
 be Potomac t\ 
 
 ■ : .. U -m-iu^-iidd. Mo. I be Baderal 
 
 ind( • < tens I.yun an Mucked the Oonfede- 
 
rates, 12,000 men, under command of Gen Ben Me.Cullough, after 
 perate fight the Federals were severely defeated and put to rout. <■■ . 
 Lyon was killed. The battle was fouirht under great disadvantage to tin- 
 Confederates, only two-thirds of them being armed, prineii)ally with shot 
 guns and muskets. Federal loss 800 killed, and l,oo(t wounded an<l 1100 
 taken prisoners. Confederate loss, tSA killed, son wounded, and 80 
 missing. 
 
 August 10. Fight at Edina, Mo., between a body of Southerners and 
 the Home Guards. Tfce latter wen c©mpAet«i|r routed. Logs, 5# killed 
 and wounded, on each side. Tlie newBpapef otlice of the Democratic 
 Standard, at Concord, X. IT., demolished by a mob, tor refecting <m the 
 cowardice of the returning three months' volunteers. 
 
 August 12. Skirmish at Leesburg, Ya. A large force ot Federals 
 crossed the Potomac on a marauding expedition. The Southerners at- 
 tacked the expedition, and compelled the Federals to make a cowardly 
 retreat. 
 
 August 13. The Federal government deapairs of finding able General* 
 and officers at home, to engage in its unholy war against the .South ; 
 makes overtures be all the broken down Generals and officers of European 
 nations to come and assist them. 
 
 August 13. About 16 miles back of New Madrid. 00 Mwsourians routed 
 200 Federals, killing and capturing many. 
 
 August 15. Skirmish at Matthias Point. A boat bad of Federals from 
 the US steamer Resolute lauded and were fired upon by the Confederate 
 troops. Five were killed, when they retreated. 
 
 Three newspapers in St. Louis — the Morning Herald. Evening M 
 rian, and War Bulletin — were Suppressed by order of Sen Fremont, for 
 advocating Southern rights, and denouncing Lincoln's policy. 
 
 The houses of many Southern rights mer. in St. T.oui- m 
 Fremont's myrmidon-. 
 
 Many persons were arrested bj order of Gen Fremont, in St 
 for treason. The Federal Marshall had warrants for the arrest of 
 number of others, who sympathized with the Southern cau-e. 
 
 Augnst lf>. The Grand Jury Of the Federal district of STew York pre- 
 sented the following newspapi - sympathy with the 
 Southern cause: Journal of Commerce, New York News, Day Book. 
 Freeman's Journal, and Brooklyn K. 
 
 August 17. Lincoln'*- pr i forbidding tr. -ravel with 
 
 the acceding States. 
 
 Angust'18. The Confederate Privatw Jcfl'Dnvis v ■ •. ■ 
 Augustine bar and was 1 
 
 August 20. Fight at Hawk'- \".~t. We-tern Virginia, 
 Legion and the 11th Ohio Regiment. The enemy fled. aft( 
 in killed and wonnd<>d. ' • man kill" 
 
A. ' •■•n Jeff Thompson occupies Commerce, Mo., nnd ere 
 
 • . - .1 Hannibal City fired 
 
 ■ rs. 
 •i ifillftdolpMH. T)i- m.-wp.i]>t.r •llife of .ho Pennsylvania Sentinel 
 
 printing 
 
 .<>b. A S Kimbal, editor of the Essex County 
 
 • • ipposing the war policy of the 
 
 misrUle Conner m\ y Federal authority, for ad - 
 
 . >htS and cause Of the South. 
 
 • • l h irleston, with a 
 
 ■\- 
 
 A' | th,e Reign of 'l\vi-<;- throughout the 
 
 M and women arrested nnd imprisoned for Bynvpa- 
 
 ithern cause. Newspapers friendly to the Smith sup- 
 
 ( 'iii/ci:- compelled to take 
 
 ■ . ment. 
 
 . •.:■ Alexandria, occupied by thd-Confederate I 
 
 e movement of Beauregard'* army upon the 
 the POtomao. 
 tie of Or< s« Lanes, Western Va. 'I In 
 
 ■ yd, attacked and surrounded a large bod/ of 
 \t w . •! ,• repulsed and defeated afte h't : 
 
 -.11. 
 
 • ii.n-m ol the North pursued its tyrannical course. 
 
 nd imprison innocent women, who sympathise with the 
 
 Urg. Greenhow, widow ol n former Librarian of the 
 
 - imprisoned on some suspicion against the Goy- 
 
 . G win's trunks and private property arc soarohed by the 
 
 ■ A lady from the South is arrested in Philadelphia, 
 
 nan suspicion. The United States .Government has given 
 
 se\ oral ladies who are suspieioned of oppressing sympathy 
 
 -. I ight at Bailey's Cross Roods, near Alexandria. The Con- 
 Lhe enoiny and take Munaon's HilL Five Jfede. 
 
 e killed. 
 
 "• Battb ol I on Uatteras. I tw Confederate entrench 
 
 .-land attacked by the Federal fleet under-Comuiodore 
 
 . and (it'ii Picayune Butler. After a bombardment of 34 hours 
 
 r of the Confederates, C-ominodore Barron, surrendered. 
 
 I •>,;,.;, ,| (UN prisoners, and carried them off to Now York. 
 
 ■< npied by the .Federal troo|M». 
 
 '• n rretnont,! commander of ihe Federal forces" in St. 
 
 irnous proclamation, ordering aHpersonafound in arms 
 
7a 
 
 .••gainst the Federal Government, to be shot, and also declaring the slaves 
 irsbns sympathizing with the Southern cause, bo he manumitted. 
 So]>(ciiilK>r 'J. Skirmish at Hi;: Creek, "ii the Kanawha. The enelny 
 driven back. 
 
 September.";. (Governor Magoffin proclaim- the neutrality of Ken- 
 lucky. 
 
 Septewbi v ■'•. §ngagemeui at Hickman, Ivy., between two Federal gun 
 boats and one Co steamer. After firing several ineffectual shots 
 
 the Federals were forced to retire. 
 
 Advance of the Federals in" Kentucky. 1'aducah capture*,. 
 September 7. Fight at Fort JJcott, MO. ; the Confederate force under 
 Gen Price, and the Federals under Lane and Montgomery. A severe 
 battle was fought, which resulted in a line victory for the Southerners. 
 I loss©* not known. 
 
 l'he occupation of Columbus, Ky., by the Confederate 
 . under liens Polk and Pillow. 
 September 10. The Oonfeden take possession of Munson's 
 
 Hill, Ya. Skirmishes joiwtanfly occurring iii the neighborhood of Arling- 
 ton Heights, between Federals and Southerners. 
 
 I kittle of the Cauley. at Carnifax Ferry. Western \ a. Gen tioseacracz 
 1 Gen Floyd's position with 15,000 nien. After several inell'cctual 
 attempts to carry it. he fell back baffled and disheartened. At least loO 
 of the enemy were killed and 2e,o wounded in these vain ciforN. Floyd 
 had but the men wounded, as his force wa^ well protected. At night, 
 fearing that . Itosencranz might cross above ;,u<l attack him in the rear. 
 Floyd retreated. 
 
 tember 11. Pattle of Lcwinsville on the Potomac. Several 
 Federal troops under Col Isaac *J Stevens, of the New 
 T'.Hh, marched from Chain bridge on a i econnoisance. Tli. 
 
 i mfederates under Col J K P» Stuart, and after a -harp 
 fight, lied in TJnll Run fashion. Federal loss, "> killed and '.i wounded; 
 Confederate loss none. 
 
 September 11. frattl k. on the Kanawha. Wise's 
 
 cavaln I in, defeat the enemy, wl 19 GO killed 
 
 Clark.MMi took 50 prisoners and losl not a man. 
 The Legislature of Kentuek j ortlers the 6onfe*d< 
 the State, SeVeralheavy skirmisher occurred near Munson's Hill. Vac 
 A detachment of the i-\ atta< » 
 
 i |ace. which eotnp< i 
 
 i 12/ The I ' i ll :• i|.i- 
 
 ly t ) the cause of the South. 
 
 September 10. Col John A V\ . 
 Western Va, 
 
74 
 
 • mber 17. Maryland I 
 
 latnre .ilc inaeebiou at Frederick < ity.bj order of Lincoln, 
 
 the Legislature thereby broken up. ami the prison^ 
 
 l.a:':iv, •.'- 
 
 September 17 Battle ui Blue stills, Mo. .\ part; <>i Unionists ami 
 
 .'ayliaw kiT I and routed hi the Missonriana F< d.ral loss 
 
 MM killed and woim-U •■!. Confederate 1"-- .'. killed and N wounded. 
 
 September i v Bowling (j occupied by the Southern 1 
 
 uuder Gen Buckner. 
 
 tcmber 19. Batllc of liar!.*. in -\ illc in Kentucky, between 89l Oas> 
 ider Gen Zollicoficr, and 1800 Federals. The enemy routed. 
 as usual, with | B killed and '2 prisei 
 
 ■toi.. Mo. The Confederate 
 
 d I'r'ne. attacked the c it ington, whicli was in 
 
 possession of the Federals, under Col Mulligan. Tl lasted three 
 
 :•■>■<] to surrender. Federal loss, 39 killed, 
 120 wounded, and 3500 taken prisoners; Confederate loss, 25 killed. 7'3 
 row '. 
 
 September 2 1. Attack « SOSOia, Mo. party of Federal -h\y- 
 
 bawkers from the Kansas borders attacked a small party of Southerners, 
 .itheniers made a brave defence, hut were finally overpowered and 
 compelled to surrender. The town was Uieu pillaged and burned by the 
 enenv \>> Federals were killed and woumhd during the lijrht. 
 
 September 23. Skirmish near Ft>rf Craig, Arizona. A severe conflict 
 took place liineiil of Southerners and a body of I'nited 
 
 pilars. The latter w ere hadl\ defeated. Loss not known. 
 
 24 25. 11..-. •■ \ Bkinnishra 5 • 1 Mountain. Western 
 Yn.. Wiw ran2 an I Wise. Two Confederates killed. 
 
 ember 25. Fight at Chapiuaubville, \ a. A part) of Confederate 
 militia wcti and put to rout. Confederate lpas 7 kille.l and 
 
 aslae! Federal loss in killed and wound* 
 Battle of Alamosa, Ariaona Territory. A splendid and decisive victory 
 won.by thi Federal loss, 80 killed, 17 oapanred. Con- 
 
 tost only 2 killed. 
 r _'.'. Cul J w Hpauldiug, ol N ise'u Legion, killed while on a 
 scouting expedition iu Western \'a. 
 September 30. EJopkinevfilc, in Kentucky, t:kcn by Cen Buckner, 
 A. 
 
 bar 1. Capture of the F< Fanny, in Alhetnarlo Sound, 
 
 Nderat. .-tcaimrs Curlew and Raleigh. Forty-five Federate 
 
 jtorea raptured. 
 .'. President Pavi- \ Mi* the Confe.lerate army at Mantissa-. 
 
 lea of the troop-. 
 
The Confederate Forces, under (Jen Zollioofier, lake possession of Man- 
 chest'ef 1 , Ky. 
 October :;. r.attle near Greenbrier Rjver, in Western Va., between 
 
 1500 Confederates, under Gen Henry R Jackson, and 3000 Federals, under 
 Gen Reynolds. After six hours battle, the enemy withdrew, leaving 
 OB still master of the grqtffid, ^ftoksOfi*s loss 50 in killed, wounded 
 and fnis'slng. Enemy's loss at least 350. 
 
 October I. The Potomac River efiectualTy blockaded by the Conftde 
 rates; 
 
 October •">. Iietreaf of Roscucuanx from Scwcll Mountain. He tied with 
 Ids whole army to the other side of the Gauley, 20 miles distant. 
 
 October d. The Ohickaniacomico Races, on Roanoke Island, N C An 
 entire Indiana regiment chased 20 miles by ( ol 'Wright's :;d (.a. regiment. 
 Thirty-two Federal prisoners and valuable munitions of war captured. 
 Col Wright's loss, one man, who ran after the enemy until he fell cx- 
 ha-isicd. The Xorthern papers claimed a magnificent Federal victory. 
 
 October 8. Expedition to Ohieamaeomieo Creek, coast of X Carolina. 
 Three Confederate steamers, under command of Commodore Lynch, 
 made a successful attack on the Federal defences, and captured on. I , >i 
 oral steamer, and book a large quantity of arms and ammunition. Fight 
 ou Santa Rosa Island, (iulf of Mexico. A small body of the Confederates. 
 
 i.nel of den Anderson, planned and executed a sue. 
 attack on a large encampment of Federal "roughs," under the notorious 
 •Hilly AYibon." The federals were completely routed and cut to pieces. 
 
 <»c;oher 12. Expedition to the Basses of the Mississippi river. The 
 celebrated iron-clad vessel, "Manassa-." accompanied by three small 
 Steamboats; under the eoininand of ( oininodore Ilollins, accomplished 
 .•: splendid victory, by attacking the Federal blockading fleet at the head 
 of the Passes. The " Sfanassas" ran into one !.. i r, the "Preble, 1 
 
 and sunk her : flbo, badly disabled another SSTBJC Bteamer, the "Rich- 
 inbad," and drove tin remainder of the fleet out of the river. 
 
 October 1.V After ocnttpying Mason's and Mm,sf>n*s Hill, for 
 week-, iu v(»Jn expectation of getting a fight from MV< 'h'llan. the < on 
 federal H hack up ville. 
 
 16. Fi?ht at l'.oliv;ir. near Harper's Ferry <'ul Ashby, with « 
 small body of Virginia militia. Uing an street M On 
 
 I'ederab, in h : 
 
 October 17. Gen Thompson attacks and captures a larg 
 Ci'Hlsal Big T.iv, . Bridgl 
 
 her 21. Three Companies pi an Indian: • 
 ; , d • !e • :•' • ly Journal and 
 
 . Indiana. Thi I threatened to 
 
 ■ 
 
••or'Jl. Fuj ( 'on federate forces, 
 
 i n*l drove them from their 
 < .11 killed and 70 wotmded. Fedcra 
 
 _ 
 
 ipso u attacks n lar^e force of 
 - \)\ bank, 
 
 i enemy with twelve 
 
 and 
 
 . i I niisting of three regt- 
 
 •i Nathan G Kvan*, of South Carolina. The 
 
 terribly ' in killed, B90 in wounded. 
 
 726 iu ]"■'■■ artiHery and ftJOO stand of arm?-. 
 
 •id on our *ide Ool Hurt WftS mortally wounded. 
 
 •.•■• -. Many of B»€ 
 . 
 
 v .. \ forge body <>f Federals 
 i ' Federals •• 
 ■ 
 V«. 'i'lie Federal forces, under 
 ide-fcn-flttack •• defences at Romney. The 
 
 oral times, and finally returned jrftfc * 
 Miperior t«>r<c. 'I'lie < <>1 McDonald, were com* 
 
 polled to withdraw from uc.es. Losses unknown. 
 
 it, having advanced from St Lonia, ooenpiae 
 
 of Missouri, which met at Neosho 
 o 23d ii this day, declaring the 
 
 I independent from the Union. 
 
 i] armada nail» For the Southern coast, 
 t on the Centrevil irg. A Mississippi regiment. 
 
 bod; of !'. .IcraK v ii I 
 
 -\>h. 
 
 ..:-H!V resign-, and i? 
 
 Ian. 
 
 Skirmish near S| . Mi . A 1 cde ral force of 
 
 k'd :i 1.. cavalry. After a sharp 
 
 , I completely runted, with a. aavore low, 
 
 Atlantic count. Several of the Lincoln :uiiuul.i 
 
 moved from hi* Command in Mi-.-.nri 
 ii Hunter. 
 
 ■! the hardest fonghi hafrr 
 
 Fed es, under Gen I Me< 'h-mand 
 
 LBowlln, attacked the tout'.' nder (lens Pillow and Hoik. 
 
After a desperate oontest. the Federals were defeated, with heavy los 
 Confederate EbafiS, 109 kiHed, 4l9 wounded and 1 IT missufg. Federal loss 
 47H killed, 027 wounded and 227 captured. 
 
 November 7. l : rl>aiina. on tlie Fappah.'Minock, shelled liy the Federals. 
 The small body of Confederate made a brave and gallant defence, and 
 were foreed to evacuate tlieir Fort* and positions 1" ' rWtudm 
 
 ing foree. 
 
 November 7. Naval attaek and capture of Port Royal; 8 C. The 
 Federal ileet under Gen Fmpont attacked and captures Forts "Walker and 
 and Beauregard, S C. 
 
 Novembers. Battle at Plketoh, K'y. UlC Federal.- under Gen Hull 
 Nelson, in superior tore,.', attacked the ( 'onfederalcs under Col Williams, 
 who fought the enemy far two days, repulsing them in every attack 
 Confederate loss during the two dftyS fi&hl was 11 killed, 20 wounded and 
 7 niissiiifr. Federal loss. 220 killed. 
 
 Mason and Slidcll. Co!' federate Stated Ministers, arrested on the' high 
 seas, by Lieutenant Wilkes; of tin' Federal navy. 
 
 November s-(i. Several bridges on the Tennessee Rivd^Virgitifti Rail 
 road burned by the Bast Tennessee t>>ries. 
 
 November it. Fight at Guyandotte, Ya. Resulted in a complete victory 
 for the Southerners. The Federal force.-- were surrounded and rut to 
 pieces. Several Skirmishes occurred at Bristol, Term., between the Fnion 
 men and the Southerner-. The Fnion nun ..ere completely routed, and 
 great numbers captured. 
 
 November 13. The Great Northern Expedition ("The Wildcat Trig 
 affe,",i to Cumberland Gap, meets with a signal failure. The expedition. 
 after accomplishing nearly one-half of their journey, took fright, when 
 they commenced a retreat which ended in a disgraceful stampede. 
 November 14-. Fight at McCoy's Mill, Western Ya., between thj 
 erel forces, under Gen Beniram, Mid a detached for< I an Jfloyd's 
 
 Brigade. The Federal- had every advantage, in number-, artillery, and 
 position. The Confederate- had no artillery. After a gallant tight tie 
 federates wore compelled to fall -back. The mosj Bcrj I i the 
 
 Confederates wa- in ihe (bath of Col Croghan. 
 
 November 15. The Lincoln fopowers and Fnion men burned and de« 
 troyed several large railroad bridge- in I 
 
 :nl>er 16. Capture of SO Federals near Fnton Hill, (Potouia 
 Major Martin, of ;!; t d- killed. 
 
 Novenil i House. A heavy si irmisb 
 
 took place at Fairfax ' "'i't Hon 
 
 a detachment of ^ the field, 
 
 after b>-ing 10 men killed and eiphj 
 
 Tenne— «•<• river. ' ' 
 
 tery. After ■ bri-k engagement, the 1 lrow : quite a nun,' 
 
killed, and oik- bunt di.-abicd. A: i . 
 
 iruac county, Eastern Va. 
 The C ring small, aud nearly without arms aud am- 
 
 munition, were compelled to jive way to an overwhelming ioroe. 
 
 dee from the Colon, and prepares tose< 
 -,.»ii iniot: Provisional Constitutional! 
 
 (. W J i rnor. 
 
 r28. Fight at !'■ Fla. The Federals in command at 
 
 K«»rt Pk kens opened th.-ir ha;; cries on um small Confederate 
 
 Gen Bragg, of the Confederate forces, promptly replied b\ 
 opening his batteries. A general engagofnent commenced. Iu< 
 firing wa-> kept up by both parties for nearly two days, when the Fi 
 batteries suddenl. iring. Little or no damag( was sustained b) 
 
 I"..-;- or batteries. The federal- mn.-i have suffered 
 very seriously, as thej have not -inc. | |i to renew their un.fni*lu-(l 
 
 attack. The Coufederate lose was id lulled ami wounded. 
 November 21. Occupation of Tyhee Island by the FederaK 
 Missouri admitted into the Gonfederaoy. 
 dry fight near \'ieiinn, Virginia, between the ein-ui\ ami Col 
 Hansom's North Carolina Cavalry. Many of the enemy killed and 2ti 
 captured. One Federal regimen! ran. the officers leading. kaiis..m'- 
 tone, 
 
 Crisis at hand'. Reasons now exist which go to -how 
 tlmt the la-1 remnants ot' the old Federal Cnnm are preparing their final 
 and most desperate efforts, to crush out of existence otar young giant 
 Confederacy. The Federal grand army, under NlFcCTellan, is preparing 
 for its second onward inarch toward Manassas. The long talked ot' es 
 (Sedition down tlic Mississippi river is nearly ready to staff. Two new- 
 naval expeditions are about starting for the Southern coast! Another 
 
 attack i- looked for at Coluinhiis. Kv. \ heavy force iq expected to at 
 
 tark Bowling flreco, !<;■ ! 
 
 D mli. r 2. Secretary Caineron'srepofrt has been issued^ Hjb boasts 
 
 of the immense army that the North now has in the field iov. r i;oihiho 
 he propnseH to employ all the oqgroes onptared from their owners, 
 and sa;. sthi' tl i ihould ne\er be retnrml to their rebe.1 master-. 
 
 The IV L ral invaders on the Carolina coast commit all kinds of depreda 
 tiohs — stealing everything within their reach. The Carolina planters 
 dr-trov their man-ions and burn then- cotton, to pivvetit them from fall- 
 ing into the baud- qf the <liem\ . 
 
 Skirmish at Anahdalc. Potomac. Co] C W Fields, nth Ib'iiiinenL Vir. 
 ^iniu Cavalry, kills tour ami captures fifteen of the enomy. Field-" loss 
 
 two. 
 
 -l.innish near Cumberiand river. Kv. Gen Zollicoil'.-r 
 
79 
 
 had a brisk encounter with a body of Federals, who retreated badly 
 whipped. 
 
 December 18. Battle of Alleghany Mountains, Vfc The Federals, under 
 Gen Reynolds, were most signally defeated after a hard tight by the Con- 
 federates, under Col Edward Johnson. Confederate loss, 20 killed, 9f> 
 wounded and 28 missing. Federal loss. $5 killed 17s wounded and 7 
 missing. 
 
 December 14. Great eontlagration in Charleston. 
 
 December 17. Gen T J Jackson destroys dam No. 5 on the Chesapeake 
 and Ohio canal, thus cutting off canal communication between Washing* 
 ton and the West, 
 
 December 17. Battle of WoOdsonvirh?, in Ky. A large body of the 
 enemy attack Gen llindnian, who had 1 lOo infantry and 4-0 pieces of ar- 
 tillery, hut wore defeated with a loss of 75 killed and wounded. The 
 Confederates lost the gallant Col Terry, of Texas. 
 
 December 18. News received from Europe report that all the leading 
 European powers highly censure the United States Government for un- 
 justly arresting Mason and Slidell. The English Government demands 
 th^r immediate surrender, and that they be delivered on board a British 
 vessel. 
 
 December 18-10-20. The iu -w -spaper office of the St Croix ITerald, at 
 Calais, Me., was destroyed by the people, for opposing the War policy of 
 the North. Gen Pope surprises and captures 960 Southerners, under 
 Col Magoffin, in Missouri. 
 
 The Federal blorkaliurr Heet at Charleston sink 15 hulks, loaded with 
 stone, in the harbor. > 
 
 Gen Prioe and forces. retreat from Springfield, Mo., to the Arkansas 
 State line, and is pursue 1 hy tlie advancing Federals. Several sharp 
 skirmishes occurs during the retreat, in which the Federals were kept at 
 hay, and Price, with the main body of his army, mad.' a -afe retreat. 
 Confederate loss, S killed. 18 wounded and 200 captured during the re 
 treat. Federal loss, 15 killed and (10 wounded. 
 
 December 30. Battle of Drftnesvitle-'-a fight between heavy foraging 
 parties, the Confederate, under Geo Stuart, the enemy under Con MeOall. 
 Gen Stuart, though vastly outnumbered, kept np the fight until his ws 
 tram was saved, and then retreated. Soon after which, the enemy fel\ 
 back also, yielding the position. Confederate loss, 21 killed. 149 woun- 
 ded and 8 missing. Federal loss, 68 killed, 11" wounded. 
 
 ember 91. Alfred Ely, M. <'.. New York, exchanged for < J Faulk 
 ner, of Va. 
 
 December 26. Battle of Chuatenahlah on the Arkansas river, Indian 
 Territory. The Confederates, under command of Gen Mclnto-h, attacked 
 a large body of hostile Indians, under the notorious Tndian Chief. Opoth- 
 

 i killed. I'll.' 
 
 " 
 
 English \i - 
 '.t in Hampton Uoods of the Oonfi 
 
 I .:iht KTf 
 
 rwood in t<>-.\ . and after a fievee ll^rli i . in which t!>. 
 
 In in drivmjrV..' tin- 
 kin*/ her into NorMfc in tri.p.i;»li. 
 :• (iivi-n river, in K< ■■ 
 ■ .-mil the enemy, wlm were rented after :i 
 
 Rghl './died ] wmiinl.' I. 1'- •'.. • 
 
 ■ i. 1 •■> pri>oi 
 
 1882. 
 
 Tii" F( derate, in com- 
 
 ,.,,,.]::• I",.;: I'irki'ii^. opened fin- on a Confederate vessel in the i hay. 
 
 ■: command of the Confederates, promptly opened 
 
 i Pickens. Tin- tii III arly liah' ;i d^ No 
 
 rted by tha C< ofedei 
 .,[■ Pori Royal rivor Smith Caroliua. The Federals ad-* 
 I ftttle i" i 1 ' rates, after a 
 
 }, r -,j baek defeated Federal loss lTWlled J' 
 
 - killed If) tfbuflded. 
 I Judge Hemphill, ol lichmond, Vii 
 
 Skirmish at ti/mgiog Rock, hoar Llomne-y, \'a. Con- 
 . kill. .1 aud 7 captarcoL 
 ,,.-■ •; French man-of-war opj Island under a ncu 
 
 ,,-;,i fl business With the French Consul at New 
 
 l.;, lite Fi i Efrade. 
 
 January K, Skirmish on Silver Oretflf, Mo. Confedi rati • dof 
 January 9. Col. Lubbock, of the Texas Hangers, died. BofBsidc 
 Icfl Ann;-; 
 .,,. 1" ItntUe of Middle C ■ :• I'n -tunburj:, Ky. The 
 
 Goo, Humphrey .Marahall was attacked b} 
 .,,1, i;i!- crals severely defeated. Gen. Marshall in hi; 
 
 • M-, loc in the* action of the l<»tli inst., is accurately stated at 10 
 
 killed and 14 wounded, ] if the enemy was severe, estimated 
 
 inmand, who had an opportunity to BCtfltem 
 
 .in killed and more than that wounded. The enemy had 
 
 men on the held, and at leasl 500 ca\aln (for 
 
 I.) I had some 1,600 men lit fur duty and 
 
 . thi '■■ ■ '!■ eugaged probably 2,oOO or 3,u00 of his 
 
 men . I about 9fl ' l ,0C0 of mine. ' . . . . Senators Johnson and Polk, 
 
 i from I' S Renatc charged with treason t<>the<inv- 
 •rnmetrt. 
 
 
 1 
 
81 
 
 January 12-13. Burnsidc expedition left Old Point, and caught 
 in a succession of damaging storms before reaching Hatteras. 
 
 January 14. Secretary Cameron, of the Lincoln Cabinet,! 
 and is succeeded by Stanton, of Pa., as Secretary of War. 
 
 January 15. The Federal gun boats made an attack on Fori Henry, 
 Tennessee river, and retired without doing any damage to the Fort. 
 
 Jannary 1<3. "Battle near Ironton, Mo. Confederate troops Under 
 Jeff. Thompson, drove the enemy towards Pilot Knob. 
 
 January 17. Ex-President Tyler, died in Richmond, Va. 
 
 January 19. Battle at Fishing Creek, or Mill Springs, Kv. The 
 Confederate forces, under command of Gen. Crittenden and Zollictfferj 
 advances from their entrenchments and attack the Federals under 
 Gens. Thomas and Sehoepf. The Confederates were repulsed and 
 Gen. Zollicoffcr killed. His death is thus described ; 
 
 Soon after the fight began, not far from the entrenchments of the 
 enemy on Sunday morning, (Jen. Zollicoffcr mistook a regiment of 
 Kentuckians for one of his own command. He rode up veryVioar the 
 Colonel. The first intimation lie had of his position was received when 
 it was too late. "There's old Zollicoffcr, ,: cried out several of the 
 regiment in front of him. ''Kill him !" and in an instant their pieces 
 were leveled at his person. At that moment Henry 31. Foger, aid to 
 Gtesn. Zollicoffcr, drew his revolver and fired, killing ti: who 
 
 first recognized Gen. Z. With the most perfect coolness, (Jon. '/,. ap- 
 proached to the head of the enemy, and drawing his sabre out the head 
 of the Lincoln Colonel from his shoulders. As soon as done, twenty 
 bullets pierced the body of our gallant leader, and Gen. Zolliroffor fefl 
 from his horse a mangled corps. 
 
 The. Qon/federate force engaged was only 4,700 while the Federals 
 numbered 14,000, Confederate loss was 114 killed, 10*2 wounded and 
 
 taken prisoners. Federal loss, 92 killed, 194 wounded 
 
 Jauuary 22. A brisk skirmish took place near Boston. Ky. Tin 
 Federals were badly whipped and lost Skilled and 5 wounded I 
 federate loss, 'I wounded. 
 
 January 27. Reported fight at James Island, Fla. Sixty Federals 
 reported killed, 35 captured. Confederate loss, 13 killed and wounded 
 lary 29. Reported skirmish near Occoquan, Va. Nine Texrui- 
 killed and 1 wotfnded Naval engagement near Fort Pull : i 
 
 No live- I 
 
 January •'!". The state of affairs in the North is thus dc 
 The most ca^lid of the Northern people a 
 
 lly with reference to two topics — the int< -!n\e 
 
 population and the treinendoua amount of i h lias of- 
 
 • exertions of the North. 
 •uti in of tho war were every day I - 
 
 • ; lint. I; was comm I 1 1 n- 
 
 n 1' • in power again in ti;.' Nortl 
 its programme would b< to up cl the whol< 
 
 : ribl< ron nsible fin 
 
 • ♦* W w 
 
82 
 
 eonwHiucnccs of the war. We arc told that public expressions were 
 
 than once heard that "Cameron ami Welles Bhoold be bung," and 
 
 that the work of retribution should go on until " every man who had 
 
 rnment had been treated to a halter." Ke- 
 
 t once pitiful and ridiculous, were lavished on the destruction of 
 
 "the Union. " 
 
 Ti,. n of Cameron, Lincoln's Secretary o^rVar, was treated 
 
 with congratulations by tl a people i»f the North ; and it wa- 
 
 Welles' resignation would soon follow. The "emancipation- 
 
 1, and were showing the most infamous 
 
 •ration of feeling. The pages.of Harper's Weekly were adorned 
 
 irrtloufl cuts apd illustration I an exaggerated policy of 
 
 tur< - of Southern lajdies "of the tir.-t families" delving 
 
 -h tubf under Massachusetts task mas i 
 
 ng of despair at the financial aspects of the 
 authority, that no more specie would be paid 
 al Treasury exoept for interests on the old public debt. 
 The financial programme at Washington was understood to be an addi- 
 tional issue of demand notes to the amount of a hundred and fifty to 
 two hundred miilioufi of dollars, and a war tax to the amount of a hun- 
 dn d ond fifty millions; although it was estimated in well-informed quar- 
 .:... !■■; the war would run up to $1.(100,- 
 
 m I ■ :, \i.ar. All private loans had ceased, and the full coining of 
 
 crisiswas awaited in a sort uf dreary despair. The newspapers w< re 
 - : to animate confidence, but the iuflucncc of the press in the 
 
 \ ■ lursc of deception in the war — had positively 
 
 , 
 I. Skirmish at Bloomer)', Western Va. A large party 
 . rah surprised and !•"> Confederates The Federals lost 
 
 \i . in • I. The Federals elated with their success, com- 
 mitted gn inhabitants of the neighborhood. 
 
 I , At'aek and capture of Fort Henry, Tennessee river. 
 
 I | iri waff attacki i bj Federal gun boat.-, and a force of L0 000 men 
 
 Gen trrant. Gen. Tilghmau n:ade a bravo defence, but was forced 
 
 to Burreudci n overwhelming force; two gun boats were badly 
 
 damag ' ;i ' '" >v was 10 killed, LS wounded, and Gen. 
 
 | with 57 men wero taken prisoners. Gen. Beimau with 3,006 
 
 won Kucceedcd in making a safe retreal to Fort Donelsou. Federal loss 
 
 I 1, led tn death on one gun boat) and 60 wounded.... 
 
 \. w Mexico, • vacuatcd by the Federals who retreated to Fort 
 
 Union SUt) Fi dcral war vessels appeared at Roan^e Island, North 
 
 ina. 
 February 7 s . The Federal gun boats ascend the Tennessee river to 
 Flmei uncut among the people living along 
 
 their.- ' onfedurate Steamboats were burned and destroyed 
 
 to prevent their falling into the hands of the enemy. The Federals 
 quantity ot Confederate stores at Florence; after committing 
 nu.ny depredations, the Federals returned with their boats to Paducah. 
 
 at-*- * 
 
n 
 
 Battle of Roanoke Island, North Carolina. Tho Federals landod 
 
 10,000 men and attacks tho Confederate batteries and captured «he 
 Island. Capt. 0. J. Wise was killed and 2,437 Confederates taken 
 prisoners. Our entire loss is but 23 killed, and some 58 wounded, 
 while that confessed to by the foe, and reported to us by one of (he 
 party, who accompanied Capt. Wise's body home, was 35 commissioned 
 officers, including two colonels, and 175 privates killed, and between 
 300 and 400 wounded. This fact attests more strongly than language 
 could do, the heroism of the defense. Let the battle of Roanoke Island 
 be classed no longer among the disasters of the war ; rather let us cfa rish 
 the memory of the deeds that there ennobled our arms, and abed fresh 
 lustre upon the brilliant historic fame of the Southern volunteers. The 
 enemy admit 300 killed and wounded, while our estimate of their lossia 
 from 400 to 600. 
 
 February 7. Rev. R J Stewart, of St. Paul's Church, Alexandria, 
 Va., was arrested by Federal soldiers whilo holding services in his 
 church, charged with being a secessionist, and for omitting to mention 
 the name of the President of the United States in his prayer. He 
 refused {o leave the church and was dragged by force from the pulpit. 
 February 10. Newspaper office of the " Local New*" was destroyed 
 by Federal soldiers in Alexandria, Va. Large numbers of the citizens 
 of Alexandria are arrested on chargo of conspiracy against the Federal 
 
 government Battle at Cobb's Point, near Elizabeth City, North 
 
 Carolina. Tho Federals from Roauokc Island attack the Confederate 
 steamers at batteries. Commodore Lynch made a brave defence, but 
 was forced to retreat. Tho Federals captured 7 Confederate steamers 
 and some army stores, guns, &c. Confederate loss 6 killed, :; wounded. 
 Federal loss 11 killed, 4 wounded. 
 
 February 11, Elizabeth City, North Carolina, partly burned by its 
 inhabitants to prevent its falling into the enemy's hands. 
 
 February 12. Edenton and Hartford, North Carolina, Occupied by the 
 Federals. 
 
 February 12. Battle of the trenches. ) Battle of Fort Dot, 
 February 13. Battle with gun boats. > Cumberland river, T 
 February 15. Battlo at Dover. ) sec 
 
 The fighting at Fort Douelson was the most bloody and <!• operate 
 ever witnessed on tho American continent, excepting, peril; ■ i, the 
 earlier conquest of Mexico by tho Spaniards. The fighting com 
 menced on Wednesday, 12th, the enemy was driven back with hearj 
 loss; the battle of tho 13th was fought mainly with the 1 g»m 
 
 boats. Seven boats attacked the Fort. The gun boats were entirely 
 featedby the heavy guus at the Fort. Some of the balls passed Jkruugh 
 a thickness of 25 inches of tho iron and wood casing of the boats ; 42 
 Federals were killed and wounded on the boats. The main I it wa- 
 on Saturday, when our forces marched oat "f our < Dtrt n and 
 
 attacked the enemy, killing not less than 1 000, capturing 7 pie* 
 artillery, 250 prisoners and a largo lot of small arms, blankets 
 knapsack*. The enemy had, with • large foree. aurrouaded nt. pr# 
 
: _• off our communication with Clarksvillo aud Nash- 
 ville. This was the cause of our going Out and attacking them on 
 lay. The result of the fight on Saturday made us (feel triumphant, 
 Aboul sun down <>n Saturday k, wounded and pris- 
 
 a the two small boata wjo had at Donelson. Early in the night, 
 our scut- brought tip the information that fourteen steamboat* were 
 lauding fresh tn mile and a half below us. Three hours after oh r 
 
 cavalry informed us that the enemy, in large force, had again surround - 
 ipying the position from which we had driven them in the 
 morning. 
 
 'I'll- of exhaustion of out army, and its manifest ina- 
 
 bility to make or sustain another attack, determined the surrender. 
 
 the weather severely cold, and our men 
 
 working aud fighting for BeveraJ days and nights, with no 
 
 when tlu v found in 'Is-' trenchments. They had 
 
 hurriedly carried 1 there, without their tents or camp cquippagc. 
 
 ! yd gave up their command to General Buck- 
 
 ncr, and ignominously left the Port. The noble General Buckner 
 
 to d( ■ it his men and was captured prisoner. As an evidence 
 
 of the desperate character of the contest, the following paragraph i 
 
 copied from a Federal o ant of the battle'. 
 
 " The hen tc> any one of the Federal regiments at Fort Den- 
 
 Ith Illinois, which went into the fight with 590 men 
 and officers, :.ud amie dul with lTn. Two companies ul this regiment. 
 •, K. Cap! ' of LaSallc wont into aotiou with 62 men, and 
 
 enme uul with mi li Cupt. Contos, of Peru, went in with 
 
 ..1 in il with 1". This will give un idea of the hard 
 
 fighting and terrible low sustained." 
 
 The Federal loss is estimated at 1,200 killed, 2,000 wounded and 
 prurcd prisoners. Confederate loss 231 killed, 1,007 wounded, 
 and '\"7'.' taken ,pi i 
 
 lc amouut of tl. lerate fores on first day of battle 
 
 i - _'.» men. The federal furee on the las! day amounted to 
 000 men. 
 
 \ 11 Skirmish near New Coaoord, Ky, Five Federals kill- 
 :| \.ounded. 
 
 IJ< r Green, Ky:, evacuated by Gen. »lohn*nn and 
 
 I c bruary hi. Tcnn< s* •■ Uolling Mills burned by the federals 
 
 Moorlield, Va. Col. Ashby made ;i successful attack on 
 i iN. killing many and driving them from their 
 ; ion. 
 
 aary 17. Skirmish near Galveston, Texas. A large force of Fed- 
 eral*, in attempting to make a landing near Galveston Bay, were sur- 
 1 (crates and driven back ; several Federals wounded. 
 
 Gen. Johnson notifies Gov. Harris that he cannot hold the city ol 
 Na-hville agaiust the Federals Gov. Harris causes the State Archive- 
 
r 
 
 to bo removed to Memphis. The Governor and members of the Legis- 
 lature leave Nashville for Memphis. 
 
 February 17-18-19. Great panic in Nashville, Tcnn., caused by the 
 fall of Fort Donclson and the threatened occupation of the city by the 
 Federals. Great amount of army stores and provisions ($500,000 
 worth) destroyed, to prevent its falling into the enemy's hands. All 
 the bridges and fortifications destroyed. Great numbers of people leave 
 the city. 
 
 February 20. Winton, N. C, captured by the Federals. Confederate, 
 loss, 7 killed and 5 wounded. 
 
 February 22. Jefferson Davis inaugurated President of the Confede- 
 rate States for the first regular term of six years. 
 
 February 24. Mayor Cheatham formally surrenders the city of Nash- 
 ville to the Federals. 
 
 February 2.">. Skirmish near Occuquan, Ya. Several Yankees report- 
 ed killed. 
 
 February 26. The Federal forces, 40,000 strong, under Gen Bucll, 
 occupy Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 February 22. Gen. Johnson falls back to Stephenson and Deeator, 
 on the line of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad. 
 
 March 1-2—3. Skirmish on the Tennessee River, near Savannah, 
 between a party of Louisianians and Federal gun boats. The {federals 
 defeated. 22 killed, 45 wounded. Confederate loss, 7 killed. 14 wounded. 
 
 Invasion of the Virginia Valley. Martinsburg and Charleston occu- 
 pied by the Federals, under Gen. Banks. 
 
 Skirmishing near New Madrid, Mo., between the advancing Fede- 
 rals and Jeff. Thompson's forces ; 20 Federals reported killed and 
 l'l captured. 
 
 Columbus, Ky., evacuated by the Confederate forces. Ml the Con- 
 federate property removed to New Madrid and Island No. 10. 
 
 City of Pensacola aod the Confederate Forts partly evacuated by th< 
 Confederates. 
 
 Gen. Bragg leaves Mobile for Memphis, Tenn. Fort Pickens partly 
 evacuated by the Federals. 
 
 Brunswick. Geo., and Fernandina captured by the Federals. Com- 
 modore Dupont takes possession of all Confederate property. N< 
 ance offered by the Confederates. 
 
 Columbus, Ky., occupied by the Federals, under General Cullnm. 
 
 Martial law declared in Richmond. Ya John M. 1> 
 prominent Union men arrested in Richmond for aiding th 
 
 Manh 5. Martial law declared in Memphis, Tcnn. 
 
 General Beauregard takes command of the army of th Mi- i- \yy\ 
 Headquarters at Jackson, Tenn. 
 
 March 5-6. Skirmish near New Creek, Western Virgil 
 
 A.shby made a il attack em a large fori f i 
 
 them and capturing 4<> prisoners. Confederate loss, •'> kill* 
 
 .March 21. Battle of Yalvcrde, Arizona Territory. The bat) 
 fiercely contested, and undoubtedly thf severest of the present war — as 
 
n 
 
 • «■■ * • ..5 »uj uq record K»r the amount ol men engaged. The Con - 
 
 rees were mostly native Tnans, who fought with all their well 
 
 in i bravery, capturing the enemies batteries of 7 guns, 
 
 net aod knife winning a glorious victor}- over 
 
 *Li« i Maj Lockridge, of the Confederates, was killed while lead* 
 
 federate lots, 86 killed and 156 wounded. Federal 
 
 - ' wounded nnd 600 captured prisoners. The Con- 
 amoanted toonlj 2,300 ; the Federals were 0,000 strong. 
 
 k ide. Over 120 vessels have run the blockade from 
 
 4 March, 1801, to the present time. During the 
 
 . vessels have been captured by the Federals in attempting 
 
 i" run tin- blockade. It is estimated that 7<> vessels have entered 
 
 dining the same time. 
 
 The- + i 1 1.7 and cost of the war to the Northern government: 
 
 • statement of the chairman of the committee of Ways 
 
 I deral House of Representatives, it was shown that 
 
 tired, in order to pay the outstanding debts of the trca- 
 
 4 ur- there ere no funds on hand, and to carry on the war 
 
 ion of Congress, upwards of seven hundred millions 
 
 o" dollar?. The aggregate debt, on the 1st day of December nest, will 
 
 be, by th< same statement, $925,000,000. Rut Congress must also 
 
 nainder of that current fiscal year, which will tormi- 
 
 80th of .Tune, 1802. Including these sums, the official 
 
 is, that the public debt will amount on the 1st of July, 
 
 ixteen months hence— to $1,350,000,000. 
 
 does not take into account the effects of a depreciated 
 
 n the cost to Government of its loans in bonds and treasury 
 
 no*' - Many additional millions must therefore be added to the ag^re- 
 
 nt correctly the debt which will have to be redeemed, at 
 
 unl <s bankruptcy and repudiation come in lirst, with only 
 
 I iwance for that excess of expenditure over estimates. 
 
 which h universal at Washington ; the Federal debt will, bj the middle 
 
 ;, reachfully up to fifteen hundred millions of dollars." 
 
 McClellan commences moving his troops from Washington 
 
 i •. -iia. \ a. 
 
 - Battle of Klkhorn, or Pea Ridge, Ark. A great 
 and battle was (ought between the Federals, under General? 
 Curtis and Scige!, with a force of 20,000 men, and the Confederates, 
 uuii < oerals Price, McCulloch and VnnDorn, with 14,000 men. 
 After 1 1 1 r ■ days hard fighting the Confederates withdrew on account 
 
 McCulloch. Confederate loss, 109 killed, 431 wounded 
 
 taken prisoners. Federal loss, 390 killed, 90U wounded and 
 
 ired prisoner? (From Gen. Van Dora's official report.] 
 
 i Cullooh and Mcintosh, of the Confederates were killed. 
 
 I of the Federals, badly wounded. Thirty Federals were 
 
 • • . the Confederate Indians in the battle. 
 
 • -bnrjr evacuated by the Confederates ; large amounts 
 
r 
 
 87 
 
 of Confederate and private property destroyed to prevent its falling into 
 the enemy '8 hand. 
 
 March 8-9. Naval battle in Hampton Roads, near Norfolk, Va. The 
 new Confederate steamer Virginia, (late Merriinac) otherwise known 
 as tho "Norfolk Turtle," "Colossus of the Roads," attacks five <rf the 
 largest Federal blockading ships The Virginia was assisted in the attack 
 by the Confederate gun boats, "Patrick Henry," **Jtfmestown," "York- 
 town" and "Teaser." The Virginia won a most glorious victory, hav- 
 ingdestroyed the following war vessels : Congress, burnt, 430 men. 50 
 guns; Cumberland, sunk, 360 men, 22 guns : Minnessota, riddled, 550 
 men. 40 guns; St. Lawrence, peppered, 480 men, 50 guns; gun loafs 
 two or three disabled, 120 men, 6 guns ; Forts silenced, 200 men. 20 
 guns; Ericsson, 150 men, 3 guns. Total — men, 2890 — guns, 280. 
 The Virginia also engaged the Federal iron clad vessel "Monitor.'' 
 The encounter was a drawn battle, both vessels retiring at the Bame 
 time. The Monitor was considerably damaged. The Virginia stiffen d 
 only a trifling loss on the breaking of her iron prow. Federal loss 
 estimated at 700 killed, wounded and drowned. Confederate loss, 9 
 killed, 18 wounded. 
 
 The self abnegating heroism of Capt. Buchanan, commander of the 
 Virginia in the recent memorable conflict, will be generally appreciated 
 when it is known that his younger and favorite brother was the purser of 
 the frigate Congress, at which the fire of the Virginia was most per- 
 tinaciously directed, and is supposed to have perished on b< ard of her. 
 
 March 1. Skirmishing near Charleston, Xa., the federal routed and 
 several killed, aud 17 taken prisoners. 
 
 March 7 -8-9. The Confederate forces evacuates Ceutrevilfc. Man- 
 assaa and Oecuquan. and falls back to a new line of defence on the Rap- 
 pahamiock River, Va. In retiring from Manassas, everything thai 
 could give aid and comfort to the enemy was destroyed ; guns, ammu- 
 nition and stores were brought off in good order; and the railroad track; 
 both that leading to Manassas Gap and that to Orange, torn up. The 
 continuation of the former to Mount Jackson, in the direction of Stan" 
 ton, will also be torn up as fas', as i&cneral Jackson, of the Army ol the 
 Shenandoah, retires to the mountains. The New York Post says the 
 retreat from Manassas was the most masterly effort in ancient or modern 
 warfare. That it changes the character of the war, and protracts the 
 contest for a long time. 
 
 March 8. Traffic in gold and silver. Gold and silver ww sold by 
 
 speculators as high as 80 per cent, premium in New Orleans, and in 
 
 Memphis, Tennessee, gold was reported to have been sold at 1 In p< r 
 
 cent, prt-mium. Healing in gold and silver was suppressed by authority 
 
 I Orleans. 
 
 March v-9. Capturing and harrassing the enemy* r i 
 Tenn. The gallant " partisan lender." Captain Morgan, is n 
 self famous in exploit- : he'is giving the enemy great trouble. 1' 
 ;i late skirmish, there were sixtv Federals < iptun d, also alargi 
 of property belonging to the enemy. 
 
Skirmish near Nashville, Tenn. Captain S( au at- 
 
 ootnpktoly routing them ; killing thin y ami < ap< 
 in< < t' guns, nrumuniti< n. &< . Coi 
 
 i< r.il ;:ii!iv ocoupie i ■ V"a. Ou Tuesday* 
 
 "/ shout to be attacked by 18,000 of the enemy. <• 
 .1 '. with hi< -mall force of only 5000 fell back from Wind 
 
 'i' about four miles from thai town: On Wvdncs- 
 
 ■ • f the enemy tonic possession of Winchester. On 
 
 >n of Wednesday, Gen. Shields' oolumn advanced toward 
 
 met and driven into AN'iiicln -1. Ashby's 
 
 evacuating Winchester, Genera) Jac 
 
 etc., m> thai vih of 
 
 fell into th" bands of the enemy. Skirmish 
 i " ■ ■ 1 1 1 1 . The Federals w< i ly repuls 
 
 Confederate loss, 2 killed and 1 wound 
 :d :;. • of bh< 
 ' lonfedente Government, d 
 the Federal Government to redoubl in the 
 
 mquering the South. The consaquoni • to the G infederacj 
 of seven] important battles, 
 ii"i>-, not .-; few i f which has been owing to ba Iship on i 
 
 manders. The timid and d irtion oi tha 
 
 in such reverses the doom of the South; Hut all 
 
 I confidant thai the ■ come, and are certain 
 
 in the future. A new spirit of energy has been 
 
 •• rnment, and the army, ail true patriots, nrc resolved 
 
 for (he cause of freed. mi and their rights Fack- 
 
 upiod by the Federals, who erect Wteries. The 
 part of the city before surrendering to the F< 
 . ni-. Tenn. "The Confederates withdraw tbejr ; 
 Skirmishing at Eastnort, Tenn. The Confed irate bat- 
 th< federal gunboat ■ no damage done. .. . ' 
 Irid, Mo. The Federals advanced and attsw Confed. 
 
 Madrid, a brisk fight took place, during which the lYde- 
 i and driven back; during the following night thcCon- 
 i Idenly evacuated the place, as it v. ted thai tl 
 
 iraing with large reinforcements I the attaek. 
 
 li ' behind a large number of cannon, I army 
 
 daring the fight L6 killed, wounded. Federal 
 illcd, -17 wounded. 
 
 . ' Urn. W. L Yam arrives ill -Now 
 
 1 Europe, h<' makes a speech to the citizens of New Orleans, 
 
 ha aid that "He came book convinced that we 1 
 
 I '•. that we must fight the battle alone, ami n ly only on 
 
 rui ■ . derals landed a force of 2,500 
 
 and capture the Confederate batteries at Newborn, $F. C. 
 
 wno numbered only 700, fought bravely before sur- 
 
80 
 
 rendering. After capturing the batteries the Federals advanced to the 
 ■ lf.y of Newborn and shelled the place, before the women and children 
 eon Id escape. Confederate toss, ! ."> killed, 5S wounded and 202 taken 
 fisoners. Federal loss estimated at 650 killed and wounded.... 
 ' tcncral Lee assigned tlie command of the Confederate army under the 
 consent of President Davis. . . .And) r Johnson, the traitor, arrives in 
 Nashville, Tennessee, and assumes the office of Governor under Federal 
 f authority. Johnson was accompanied by his fellow traitors Ethcridgc 
 and Maynard. 
 
 March 14. vicn Fremont appointed to a new 1 command in the "West 
 — "The Mountain Department. ".'... A party of Confederate cavalry 
 was surprised by the enemy near Cumberland Gap, Tennessee. Five 
 Confederates killed and wounded. 
 
 March 15. Bombardment of New Madrid and Island No. 10 com- 
 mence:'. . . .The Federal Senate has passed the bill for the "occupation 
 and cultivation'' of such cotton lands as tho Federal armies may acquire 
 in tl . . .They are going fco take the cotton lands, and work ne- 
 
 groes thereon for the benefit of the government. It is, to be sure, an 
 ird project and will be, whenever attempted, a miserable and costly 
 failure. It is a Yankee scheme, to become slaveholders in fact, while 
 giving the slaves a nominal freedom ; to work them by agents, undcr- 
 I drivers, without one motive to produce that kindly humanity, 
 which is the glory of the system in Southern hands. It is a grand na- 
 na! sham, which has in it all the elements of cruelty to the negro, 
 and the certainty of breaking up speedily under circumstances of 
 wretchedaecs to the poor slave, and losses to the speculating government 
 . . . .Cavalry fight near Warrenton, Va Ccn. Stewart engaged a large 
 Federal cavalry and succeeded in completely routing them, 
 killing forty and captured one hundred with their horses, kc. Con- 
 re killed and one hundred and eighty wounded.... 
 ■r:d McClellan, commander of the Federal army, takes the field in 
 person, commanding the " army of the Potomac '' he deliver a Ion:: 
 lh ii> his soldier 
 March 17. Attack and bombardment at Island 10 sippi river, 
 
 be Federals. The Island is vigorously defended. 
 
 March t8. Skirmish near Point Pleasant, Mo. The Federals erecting 
 
 il nd ll Tee Confederate gunboats advances 
 lis the batteries, a brisk firing took place when the Federals retired 
 ■ i theif batteries. Three of the Confederate steamers were slightly 
 damaged! V gun bnrsted on board one of the bents while being t 
 
 N ' live- lost. 
 
 March 10. FTnanci n of the Confederate States. 
 
 official report of the Of the Treasury ■■how- thai 
 
 to supplying all the wnnf 
 ernment, notwithstanding the : 
 • Lpenditures resulting from the great augmentation in the necessary 
 of defence. The report exhibits the gratifying feci that we have 
 loathagdebt; that the credit of the Government i° unimpaired, arid 
 
tiiut iir , - naiiurc o( tin- Government for Um year ban Ik 
 
 round uunil \enty millions of dollar.- — less than 
 
 . qc third of the -u in i iioniv in Lis vain effort I 
 
 -the cotton crop 
 
 »p, Tcnm 
 iderablc 1 2 killed, 5 
 
 wounded \mly Johnson, tha Yankee military Governor of Ton- 
 
 ii at Nashville in which he adroit! j throw 
 
 all the Man. i Ql wdition of affaire upon the South.... 
 
 In Lis opinion, Lin ir friend, and 1 . of interfering 
 
 with our institutions- 
 
 March 22. A federal gunboat with a iai 
 to land and occupy a fortification on Mosquito Inlet, Florida. The 
 
 da were fired on by a party of Confederate* and forced to r 
 Federal loss U hi. unded and i! captoi 
 
 March 28. Battle at Bolton's Mill, or Kernati wn, \ T a., G 
 Wallj • ..itli 6000 men engag ederals under ( '• o Shields, 
 
 numbering 1 8,000 atrong, after a severe contest the Federals weiavre- 
 poised and fell 1 General Jaekaon also fell back for sen 
 
 rnents. Federal loss L 75 killed, 460 wounded. Confederate 
 killed, 168 wounded and 280 captnred . . . . Guerrilla fighting near 
 Jefferson City, Mo. Federal cavalry attacked Guerrilln parti s dispers- 
 ing them, T v were captured pr leralslost during 
 100 killed and wounded. 
 
 March 25. The F< leral bombardment at Island No. 10 Las been 
 continued for nine days, without doing any material damage to the B rti- 
 fioatione. xwo Federal gunboats were sunk and three badly disabled 
 during the attaok. It is estimated tLat the enemy fired 2500 shot. and 
 shell at the batteries on island 1" and vicinity during the first four days 
 of the bombardment, and wasted 6O.000 pounds of powder, with iron in 
 
 lion, killing one and'wounding two of our men. The shell* 
 tLey throw al us, weigh from 190 to 200 pounds. It is* estimated that 
 one thousand Federals were killed and wounded during the bi 
 in. n' .... 1 iuia A lively naval buttle occurred in this \ ieinity 
 
 to-day between the Confederate gunboats Oregon and Pamlico and the 
 famous Federal gunboat New London. The fight lasted tbn i hours, 
 and resulted in the defeat of the New London. . . . Peppering the Van- 
 St Mary's orgia \ Federal gunboat with a Targe forco 
 
 • ■ii board went in pursuit of a Confederate steamer. The Federals 
 unexpectedly encountered a body of Confederates who opened fire on 
 them, killii. ad wounding siateen Yankee-. The Confederate* 
 
 retired WltboUl 
 
 March .27. Battle <»i Glorietta, New Mexico. The Federals com- 
 pletely routed, with a loss of 700 killed and captured. Confederate lose, 
 illcd and wounded. 
 
 b 29. Another attack on the Yankee; at fidis'o, North Caro- 
 lina. General Evans, with one thousand men, proceeded to attack the 
 
enemy, which was supposed to be 2500, but found them to be 5000 
 to G00O. The Confederates drove in the enemy's pickets, killing one, 
 mortally wounded and capturing twenty. We Tetired in good order. . . . 
 Fight in Polk county, Mo. An engagement took place between the 
 Confederate forces and State troops ; large number of Federals killed 
 and wounded. Confederate loss reported to be 15 killed and wounded 
 ■ . . .The Peculiarities or the Day.— In the whirl of passing events 
 we scarcely notice the strange things that are daily happening and ex- 
 isting around us. How astonishing it will appear, in a few years, that 
 a time existed when planters raised corn and potatoes, fattened hogs 
 and cultivated garden vegetables, while cotton was by universal consent 
 neglected, and this at a time when cotton was worth in Liverpool 28 cents 
 a pound, yet selling on the plantation at 5 cents. . ..Our newspapers 
 have felt the martial influence as strongly as other things. They 
 never had so much variety as now, since Faust first pulled the press ; 
 they are of all sizes and colors, and sometimes contain four pages, and 
 sometimes two. They are short enough for a pocket handkerchief one 
 day, and big enough for a table cloth another. They assume as many 
 hues as Niagara in the sunshine, and are by turns blue, yellow, green, 
 red, purple, grey and common brown packing paper. . . .How odd it will 
 be to remember that certain merchandize was forbidden to be brought 
 into the city, and certain kinds of produce to be taken out ; and that in 
 many places in the markets and stores, dealers could sell only at prices 
 dictated to them by a provost marshal. . . .Politics are dead. A politi- 
 cal enemy is a curiosity only read of in books. We have no whigs, no 
 democrats, no know nothings, no nothing. Our amusements have revo- 
 lutionized. The winter has passed by without a company having been 
 engaged at the theatre, or a single circus having spread tent. Our 
 people have done their own playing and their own singing, and the ladies 
 hare spent the mornings in sewing coarse shirts or pantaloons for the 
 soldier to wear, and sung in public at night to gain money for the soldiers' 
 equipments. . . .The President's message t<> Congress, asking the repeal 
 
 ■ f all existing military laws and making conscript laws instead, recom- 
 mends a law subjecting every man between 18 and 30 years to militia 
 service .... Skirmish near ltappahanoek River. Va. Colonel Wheat en- 
 gaged the enemy, driving them back, killing 3, and capturing 29 Ynn- 
 
 March 30. Federal raid at Union city, Teun. A large force of Fed- 
 erals surprised ;i small squad of Confederate :i( Union city, after a sharp 
 meat the Federals retreated; Confederate loss 2 killed, 7 wound- 
 
 ■ d and thirty taken prisoners. The enemy < apturcd a large number of 
 horses and army stores; 2 Federals killed. 
 
 March 81. Three companies of Georgians attacked the Yank* 
 Wilmington Island, killing one and wounding several ; Georgians lost 
 one killed. . ^.Skirnjish near Jacksonville, Fla. A detachment of Col. 
 Hih.orth ~ (iuard attacked the Federals, killing 4 and capturinj 
 the enemy ; Confederate loss 2 killed and wounded. 
 
 April 1. A party of Federal* K'eretly landed at Island 1<>. and spiked 
 
92 
 
 Ipcd froOl 
 
 id 1" 
 i stonu and imd< r the night. . . . Naval 
 
 The Confodi rate gunl teed 
 
 Fcdi Acrah withdrew, one of their bo: 
 
 j/idly dan l< •!• 
 
 April 5. 1 i I at Pass < Ihrfctian, V 
 
 camps. The Confederates 1> :ipg in small 
 ire, no one hurt. The Federals a! 
 Icpredations on private property, returned to their boats. 
 I near Yorktpwn, Va. The Federals ai 
 1 to be lundin ■ in the neighborhood. A heavy ba 
 
 will ' 
 
 Colonel Vaughn has pene- 
 
 to Huntsville, whipped the enemy ami 
 
 off meat, .-ho,'.-, cattle and horses lie killed 
 
 about fori ncmVi and took seventeen prisoners, losing only five 
 
 men. 11 1 all th " commissary stores he oould not hjring 
 
 away. 
 
 AprilC-7. Battle oi' Shiloh, Tcnn. The Confederates, under I 
 
 ird and Johnson, advanced from their encampment and attacked 
 
 die t omenoed early on Sunday* morning. The 
 
 irible of any during the war, both sidci ooateftd- 
 
 . in. Towards evening the Federals commenced 
 
 I ■ ;■ at 1 to their gunboats on the Tennessee rive/, 
 
 ings behind nearly all their batteries (18) 
 
 which v rates. General Frentiss, with SOlJQ 
 
 An immense number of guns, army alp 
 
 •' mfederates. The lamented General Albert 
 
 S. J killed early iii the evening. During the nigJM of 
 
 Sunday, the Federals Jr'ere largely reinforced by General Buell with 
 
 . and on Monday morning the battle was renewed with 
 
 •■ ntinued -throughout the day. The Federals were, ag a iv- 
 
 j.ul.M-d and defeated, retiring to their gunboats. The ('out'- d -rate 
 
 . d back to their positions after accomplishing a most brilliant sue 
 . . . .The Conledorate threes in the two days' fight numbered 3 S,0 men. 
 The firil day'.' fighl was over 5$,000, on the second 
 
 reed to /0,000 men. The Confederate los.> 
 1 .: : I, and 959 missing; Federal 1< 
 
 hilled and !». v 'iu wounded and 6,700 taken pri The Fcdi 
 
 uff loss of officers^ nearly all being killed, wounded 
 
 nerals Sherman, Tom Crittenden, .Major Wallaoehnd 
 Lew Wallace were kill . Smith and l?nell were wounded. 
 
 rid 10, tfississipppi river. After being bravely 
 1 from a constant bombardment of twenty days, the Federal 
 . with a large force ! in passing below the Island and 
 
 .1-,.,] tb" reir I md compelled the Confederates to leave their 
 
p3 
 
 guns and surrender the Island. The Confederates, before surrender- 
 ing, destroyed nearly all the property on the Island, spiking their guns. 
 The .steamboats, floating batteries and wharf boats were scuttled < and 
 sunk. About one thousand of the Confederates escaped from the Island 
 after suffering severe hardships. Gen. Mackall and two thousand Bien 
 were taken prisoners on the Island. Many of the Confederates wore 
 drowned in making their escape through the overflowed swamp 
 the Island. . . .Picket skirmish at Shepardstown, North Carolina. The 
 Confederates killed two Yankees and captured nine. . . Reported insur- 
 rection in Southern Illinois. A general disposition on the part of tic 
 people to resist the payment of the war tax, followed by a protect o 
 twenty members of the Legislature, against the doctrines of Lincoln's 
 message, Is said to be the origin of the difficulty. The recusant mem 
 bers were arrested by the abolition authorities. Trouble, followed, which 
 a single regiment found it impossible to quell, when several otihei 
 sent out and the peace party was crushed at the point of the bayonet. 
 
 April ?. When our army commenced retiring from ShUohoa Mondai 
 evening, General Breckinridge's brigade, with the cavalry, was i 
 to bring up the rear, and prevent the enemy from i ft', any of our 
 
 trains. The cavalry mentioned were attacked by a Federal force of two 
 regiments of infantry and one of cavalry, the latter being in the advance. 
 At the first (ire the cavalry of the enemy turned and fled, actually break- 
 ing the ranks of their own infantry in endeavoring to escape the missiles 
 of the Confederates,. The result of this dashing affair was — Federal 
 loss, killed and wounded, two hundred and fifty, and forty-cighl prison- 
 er/*; Confederates, ten killed and wounded. 
 
 April 11. Bottle of Fort Pulaski, Georgia, The fort was attacked 
 by a large force oi Federal's, After a most gallant defence the Confedcr- 
 irrendcred. Three balls had entered the magazine, and a clear 
 breach had been made in it. The balls were conical, steel pointed, and 
 propelled with such force as to pass entirely through tlie wall at nearh 
 ewry tire No lives were lost during fhc bombardment;, and only four 
 were wounded. . . .The Federals take possession of Huntsville, Alabama 
 and Decatur, on the M 'inphisand Charleston Railroad : the cncm> 
 several railroad cars at Decatur. 
 
 April 13. Engagemenl rl Jackson and Port Philippe. !,;. 
 
 (The first filing sine e the fort? were built.) Several Federal gunboal 
 roinuicnced bombarding Fort Jackson at "long range." Th 
 proinpMy rcpli d by opening their batteries. 
 
 April 12—13! Heavy skirmishing continue the Peninsula, 
 
 \'a. The Federals repulsed in every attack. In I 
 the Confederates lost f> kilicrl and 18 wounded ; the Federal !■ 
 much licavier,. . .The Macon, North Carolina 
 
 rals heel n lar Whiti 
 
 who commanded the Coi sent out a dctachmci 
 
 thent battle, repolsin after a hoi i < ' 
 
 |0!»s, 1") killed and several wounded. 
 
 Ai ,-i! IC. Skirmish near White Mar^h la] Thcl-Vd 
 
 1 
 
N 
 
 rals repulsed with a I M killed and wounded. Confederate loss, 
 
 s killed and 1 wound* d Battle of Lee's rami. Va. The Federals 
 
 made n spirited attack on the Confederate lines. After o hard emit, nt- 
 ed battle roe Federals were severely defeated. Confederate !< 
 killed and ! 185 killed and wounded. The 
 
 ininanded by Qen. Magruder. . . .Skirmishing near 
 Fredericksburg, Va. The Confederates were attacked and ariVcu 
 into the City with severe loss. The Federals under <»en. Mel' 
 advance^ and compel* the Confed rates to evacuate tie city ; larg-- 
 amount" uf public and private property was destroyed daring the nasty 
 rvaeuatimi. 
 
 April 18. Bombardment of Fort9 Jackson and St. Philfippe, below 
 N.w ( Orleans, continned. 
 
 April 19. Battle of South Mills, or "Sawyers Lane." Va. The Fede- 
 rals were defeated Confederate loss, I s killed and 50 wounded. 
 Federal loss, 200 killed and wounded .... Fight near Elizabeth City. 
 North Carolina. The Confederates were defeated with a loss of •"> killed 
 and 81 wounded. .. .The Confederate Senate passed a bill providing 
 for the organisation of partisan baods. . ..Skirmishing continues on 
 the Peninsula, Va. The Confederates generally repelling all attack-, 
 of the enemy ; in the battle to-day, the Confederate loss was 18 killed 
 
 and 50 wounded ; the Federal loss was very heavy. 
 
 April 'J". The wige of Fbtt Jackson, La ., continues day and night. 
 Such ■ tremendous bombardment has never been known in modern war. 
 It il estimated that the enemy have fired :>70,000 pounds of powder, 
 and 1000 tons of iron. No damage has yet been dune to the fort. 
 Two gunboats have been sunk and one disabled. 
 
 April 'J.'!. Guerrilla fighting in Imuran county, Va. A large party 
 of Federal* were routed, with a loss of 50 killed and wounded. 
 
 A| m1 'J I Great gunboat battle above Fort Jaokeou. On the morning 
 of 24th Inst., the Federal fleet succeeded in passing the forts. The fleet 
 was immediately attacked by the Confederate gunboats, when a most 
 desperate battle took place, The Confederate boats were all disabled ami 
 sunk. The Federal fleet advanced up the river to New Orleans. The 
 Confederate fleet consisted of lo gunboats, including the great ram Lou- 
 isiana and 'Manassas." The Federal fleet consisted of 8 mortar boats 
 and 11 war steamers, including 1 iron clads. The Federals lost 3 war 
 vessels; one of the largest vessels, the Pensaoola, with a crew of 100 
 persons, was sunk with ail on board. Confederate loss, on board of the 
 killed and I2. r > wounded. Federal loss estimated al 1000 
 killed, wounded and missing. The garrison, under (Jen. Ctuncan, still held 
 
 possession of the forts. 
 
 April 25. The Federal fleet attacks the Chalmette Batteries, below 
 New Orleans ; after a fight of two hours, the batteries were silenced. . . . 
 Ou the night of the 25th inst., the Confederate garrison at Fort Jackson 
 mutinously revolted, spiking their guns, which compelled the brave 
 Qeft. Dnnean tu surrender the forts to the Federals. The bombardment 
 •f tho fori lasted seven days, nninterraittingly. Sixteen lives were lost 
 
95 
 
 inside the fort, and 26 wounded. No injury was done to the trims ; the 
 fort could have been held, had the garrison continued faithful . . . .For* 
 Macon, North Carolina, surrenders conditionally after n well contested 
 defence. Confederate loss inside the fort, was seven killed and IS 
 wounded. 
 
 April 25-27. Skirmishing in Tennessee and North Alabama be- 
 tween Colohel Scott's cavalry and the Federals under General Mitchell. 
 Colonel Scott captures a large amount of stores and takes several pri- 
 soners. 
 
 April 26. Gtrattt excitement in N<<w Orleans. The advance fi. 
 Federal gunboats arrives in front of New Orleans, a party of Federals 
 lauded and demanded the surrender of the city; immense quantities of 
 sugar and wokwses was destroyed to prevent its falling into the Federal 
 hands ; General Love.ll retreats with his troops up the Jackson railroad. 
 \-.il 27—28. Battle of Cassville, Mo. Confederates defeated with n 
 loss of 3D killed and wounded, and 62 taken prisoners. 
 
 April 28. Skirmish at Pittsburg Landing, Tenn.; Federal loss 27 
 killed, wounded and prisoners. 
 
 April 2^-29. Heavy skirmishing at Cumberland Gap, Tenn.; Fed- 
 erals repulsed with a loss of 1O0 killed, and 284 wounded ; Confeder- 
 ate loss 27 killed and til wftattflfed, 
 
 April 2!). Fight at Bridgeport, Tenn.; Confederates defeated. 
 
 April .'SO. and May 1. Posts Macomb and Pike, on Lake Pont- 
 cha train, La., was destroyed and abandoned hy the Confederates; four 
 ' derate guul iats were destroyed in a very hasty tnannei . 
 
 Ma,- 1. The city of New Orleans formally occupied by the Yankee 
 ral Butler ...General Morgan capture? a large amount of 
 Federal storesat Pulaski, Tenn. 
 
 ']-.:■ 5 Skirmish near Lebanon, Tenn.; the Confederates were 
 
 ■1. and lost 20 killed and 35 wounded and 45 captured /v 
 prisoners. . . . Battle of Williamsburg, Va.; a signal victory was gained , • 
 by the Confederates, under General .Johnson, over the Federals, under 
 General MeCHIan ; Cotlfederato loss, £20 killed and 1100 wounded; 
 Federal loss. 1900 killed and 2700 wounded. 
 
 May 7. Battle of Barhaaisviite. or West Point, Va; the Yankees were 
 badly defci ■• d. 
 
 M-iy 8. Battle I iWel's, or Sitlington'* Mill, Va.; Gen. Stone-.. 
 wall Jackson achieved a greal ovei the Federals, who were 
 
 commanded by (Jcneral Mtrroy, Confederate loss 350 killed and wound 
 ral loss, 175 killed and 2fr;i wounded. 
 
 May 9, The Confodi i ate fora s • \ aciMtj i Pensacola run ,• yard.d 
 
 ; amounts i f property ... Battle of Parmington, (near Corinth,) 
 Federals^ under General Pope were badly defeated and put 
 to route, with a "lorn of 35 killed and 100 wonnd< I 
 15 killed and 109 wounded. 
 
 May 1". Skirmish near Klkhorn I derate 
 
 loss, . r > killed, 7 wounded ,1" 
 
 May 11. Colonel saptw* ■ ft train el :. rtile 
 
 railroad, near Cave Citv. 
 
 
 
 ^ t 
 
 p 
 

 • 
 
 10-11. Fighting at Parisburg, i r Gibbs Courthouse, \ a. 
 
 ■ 1 and driven from the town, with a I killed 
 
 and wounded, and 1<"» captured; large quantities of Federal 
 1 nfederato loss, l killed and 14 wounded. 
 11. Skirmish i r PoHocksville, North Carolina. 
 rals defeated with a 1 killed; Confederate loss, '■'< wound* 
 
 I oaptum d. 
 
 May 12. The advance fleet of Federal gunboats arrives al Nal 
 Mi-- . and demands the surrender of the ■ « 
 
 13. Skirmishing near Party, Tenm. leverd k:l; I 
 
 of Federal gun the half fit 
 
 .t Drcwry'H Bluff, Va ; tie Federals were repulsed writh a 
 1 3 killed and 11 wounded; Confederate loss, V killed and 
 y\-.\\ 17. Battle of Princeton, Va.; i ; states, und 
 
 lefeated the Yankees; Confederate loss, 5 killed and IT w 
 
 50 killed and wounded. 
 \-. Skirmish near City Point, \ a.; Federals 
 $ killed and '.' captured. 
 May 18-19-20. Skirmishing mar Corinth, Miss.; several severe fight* 
 ooenrred without important results; the Federals general! 
 in the action of the 20th instant 26 Confederates wore killed and • '•"■ 
 wounded, 
 
 1 i. The advance division of Farragutli- Federal 6 
 below Yicksbnrg, Miss : the surrender of the city was demanded. 
 
 1!*. Skirmish noar Warrenton, Va.; result \ '. ;.nkc. 
 
 killed; '_' Confederates killed. .< .Skirmish icksbtrrg, 
 
 1 Vankei a killed and WOUttdt !. 
 
 May L&— II '. Battle near Searcy, Arkansas. ; Fed i£bd; Co ■ 
 
 ■ < killed and 11 wounded: Federal loss 45 killed imd 
 
 wound* d. 
 
 May 21. Bombardment of Port i'iilow. 'iYnn., resurired. . ..Tho 
 
 immenced bonrbardins the batteries al Cele's l-laml. near 
 
 Savannah. 
 
 .May 20. A party of Federals in approaching St. Marks. Flh . 
 
 1 by the Confederates; IT Yankee.- were killed. 
 
 Royal, Va.; the Bed tral 
 were taken j ri large quantities 
 
 ^I i • aerai . lores were captured. 
 May 28-24 Battle of Lewisburg, Western Va.: the Oonfed* 
 WCTi I after U hard fight; Confederate 1m,-. 330 killed and 
 
 nided : 1'edei.d loss was miieli heavier. 
 
 May 24. The Federal army, under Gen. Banks, in retreat 
 Front Royal, is pursued l>y the Confederates, who crfpturcs several pri: 
 and lakes large quantities of stores, <Ve , near MicRHetbn, Va. 
 
 . . .Skirmish on the New Kent Road, Temf.; the Sank i repulsed; 
 
 '(Confederate 1" 2 killed and ■'• wdoaded. 
 
 May ~'\ 24 Skirmishing at Garnctt's Farm, near Richmond, \ a 
 
 * urpnscd by the ( onfederatcs ; I 
 
 •J May 23-24. Battle at t Front 
 
 4| and driven from the town ; 1 17i» 
 I of Federal tU captured. 
 
!>7 
 
 severe engagement look place, iu which the Confederates were defeated, 
 with a loss of 100 killed and wounded; Federal loss, 122 killed and 
 wounded. 
 
 May 25. Battle at Winchester, Ya, General Stonewall Jackson de- 
 feats the Federal army, and takes 800 prisoners, and captures vast 
 quantities of Federal stores; Confederate loss, 124 killed and wound- 
 ed ; Federal loss, 50 killed and 259 wounded. 
 
 May 20. Skirmish near Grand Gulf, Miss,; Federals repulsed 
 
 The first bombarding at Yicksburg, Miss., takes place. 
 
 May 20-27. Skirmish at Hanover Courthouse, Ya. A desperate 
 engagement took place, iu which the Federals were defeated with a loss of 
 63 killed and 270 wounded; Confederate loss 90 killed and 'I'.Vl 
 wounded. 
 
 May 28. A Confederate scouting party was surprised near Qakfield, 
 Fla., and one man killed. 
 
 May 28-29. Corinth, Miss., evacuated by the Confederates, under 
 General Beauregard; skirmishing occurred during th Gen- 
 
 cral Price engaged the Yankees and repulsed them. 
 
 May 31. General Stonewall Jackson falls back from Winchester, Ya. 
 
 May 81, and June 1. Battle of Seven Pines, or Fair Oak \ 
 T/ho Federal army, under General McClellan, was defeated by the Con- 
 federates under Gens. Hill, Longstreet, and Huger ; Federal Los 2O70 
 killed, and 4900 wounded, and 550 prisoners; Confederate loss, 1< >3i5 
 killed, and 2700 wounded. 
 
 June 1. Fight near Strausburg, Va. Gen. Jackson defeats the 
 Federals under Fremont. 
 
 June 2-5. Skirmishing near Washington, N. C The Fed' . 
 ed, with a loss of 9 killed and 17 wounded ; Confederate loss, 3 killed 
 and 4. wounded ; Colonel Singlet ary was killed. 
 
 June 0. Skinubkou James Island, near Savannah : the Federate re- 
 pulsed, 20 captured prisoners: Confederate loss, two killed and eight 
 wounded. 
 
 June 4. Fort Pillow evacuated by the Confederate G 
 near Sweeden's Cave, Tenn - A party of Confederate 
 a large force of Federals; the Confederates cut their way out with a 
 IpM of 1") killed. 
 
 June 5. Skirmishing on the Chickahominy, Va. i uur ( oiifi 
 wounded. .. .Skirmish near Harrisburg, Virginia. The Federals re- 
 pulsed; Confederate lose -Id killed and lOO wounded; General Turner 
 Ashby killed. 
 
 dune »'>. Naval battle in front of Memphis, Tenn. The \ 
 under Com. Havi -, attacks oar gunboats; after three 1 fil- 
 
 ing we were defeated , our loss 80 killed and wounded, and 75 
 
 is, and four gunboats sunk. . . .The city of M 
 rendered and was occupied by the Jfanl 
 
 dune 7. W. U. tfumfbrd was pubttcly hung in the 
 by the order o4 Geo Butler, for tearing down the 1 nited 
 the mint. 
 
 \ 
 
*' 
 
 killed nod ■ 
 
 .Tunc H-i). Battle of Port Republic, Vo Gen. Jackson defeats the 
 lerOen.fi ad Fremont'; oar loss 55d killed and 
 
 loft(» kitted :in<l :;ni] Too taker 
 
 prisoner- 
 
 .F mi. 10. Skirmish near Vork River Railroad. Va. Yankees defeat- 
 . ,1 wiHi ■' kill< '1 : our I"-- 1 kill< 
 
 June 1 1 Rati Ewell d< 
 
 n\- un<!t-r Fremont. Federal h killed and wohnded ; Confede- 
 
 rate ion 124 killed and wound 
 
 J one 14— 1 I il raidamoi mkecs 
 
 near lianovei Court B mount of Fedenal pro- 
 
 {^ri\ and captures 175 prisoners. The brave Capt. Latanc was killed 
 in tin- act. 
 
 Jane 14. Bottle of Langoelle, on White lliwr. Ark. Fee orals 
 
 (Mlt<''l. 
 
 June 16. !• " nville S. (' A complete notary was 
 
 I over the Federals. I killed ami 100 wounded. 
 
 126 niixsing; Federal \< w 300 killed and woonded. 
 
 Jane 18. Skirmish near Riahmonds Ya. Federals repulsed ; (' 
 ernte loss 'J wounded 
 
 •I nn the WiHuunsburg Road, Va. The Fir>t Lonnv 
 ium i' Sickles' Krigadc. After n sharp fight the Fan* 
 
 re driven back. Confederal illed and grounded. 
 
 Raitiea of the Cbiekahominy, before Richmond Va Jane 26, bottle 
 of Mechanics .. uttle of Gain 29, battle of 1- razor's Farm; 
 
 30, battle of Willis' Church; .Inly 1. battle oi Malvern Hill. The 
 • 1 pal army under <ien. -MoC.'liilan was defeated and utterly 
 iuuico ys hard -fighting. Confederate loss 1,850 killed 
 
 . Federal loss 1,985 killed, i-.n 1 wounded and 
 • rs. 
 Joaje 28, Ureal bojubarditenl at Vickaburg, Miss. Seven of the 
 Federal gunboats advanced in front ef the city, passing the batteries, 
 vrh'*Ti a most terrific bombardment took place No injury was sustained 
 by iIm- f'>rt:«. 
 July 1. A Confederate battery opcued fire on the enemy near 0< 
 
 James River. After a sharp contest the Fed< reated. 
 
 Confederate lose _ nd wounded. 
 
 July 3. <i>!i McClcllan evacuate- his position before Richmond, 
 \ a,, and rctirc> to Ulfl dan:-- Kiver. 
 
 -July \. The army of the Potomac was originally 230,000 strong. 
 Prior to the 5th of April, according to the testimony of the Assistant 
 Secretary of War, MoClellan had 120,000 men at xorktown. From 
 the tiaae he landed at lorktown to the beginnihg of the great battles, he 
 loot, it seems, iii varinu- wa\ , T-'!. 'Mill, and between the landing and 
 
 fighting, 98,000 out of 15$,0u0 had 
 killed, bad died in the swamps, or had by sickness boon rendered unlit 
 
for service. lu less than a year, ho lost nearly 100,000 out of 230,000 
 men, without accomplishing anything. 
 
 July 8. Skirmish at Culpeper Cross lloads, Va. The Federal- 
 defeated. 
 
 July 18. Col. Forrest attacks and captures the Yankee garrison at 
 Murfrcesboro, Tenn. Federal loss GO killed and 140 wounded &hd 
 1,900 taken prisoners. 
 
 July 15. Skirmish at Fayettcville, Ark. Confcde; 
 . . . .The great ram Arkansas engages the Federal fleet near Vicksburg 
 Miss., and successfully run the gauntlet between 30 pun and mortar 
 boats, without sustaining any injury. Nearly all of the Fed' 
 was damaged, and one 'sank by the guns of the Arkansas. Federal 1 
 on board the boats was 83 killed and S4 wounded; Confederate i 
 on board the Arkansas 9 killed and 4 wounded. The Arkansas came 
 down and moored under the batteries at Vicksburg ; about seven o'clock 
 in the evening five of the Federal gunboats came down and attempted 
 to cut tho Arkansas from the shore ; the effort was unsuccessful, and the 
 fleet was driven off. 
 
 July 21. Skirmish near Carmel Church, Va. The Federals claimed 
 a victory. 
 
 July 2*2. The Confederate and Federal Governments make an agree- 
 ment for a general exchange of prisoners Lincoln publishes an 
 
 order authorizing the confiscating of Confederate property for the use 
 
 of Federal soldiers Tho Federal fleet makes anot Ik, ■ on 
 
 the ram Arkansas, in front of Vicksburg. The fleet was repulsed 
 
 The Confederates attack the Yankees at Florence, Ala., and aestroa 
 large amount of stores. 
 
 July 23. Gen. Bragg leaves Tupelo, Miss., for Kentucky. 
 
 July li4. The combined Federal fleet retires and abandon^ (he tfcige 
 of Vicksburg, without accomplishing anything, after a Beige ot six weeks. 
 No injury was sustained by any of the batteries ai \ The 
 
 number of shells thrown into the city and at the batteries will aniouo< 
 to 25,000. The casualties in the city was one woman lad Jro 
 
 man killed, and among the soldiers on guard and at the b 
 was 22 killed and wounded. The lower bombarding fleet, under com- 
 mand of Corns. Farragut and Porter, consisted of 18 gun and mm: 
 boats, 5 sloops of war and 70 transports: the upper ii .' 1 1 
 
 gunboats and rams, and 13 transports, under command of Cora. Dai 
 [it II estimated that 500 Federals died from e of 
 
 Vicjssburg. 
 
 July 25. Col Armstrong i be Yankees at Courtland. A..j 
 
 and captures 133 prisoners Col. Kelly attacks and 
 
 party of Federals at Jonesboro, Tenp. I and ."■ 
 
 wounded; .'5 Confederal < woui 
 
 July, 26. Guerilla Gghtipg in Missouri 
 have been succcs ;ful in f 
 
 July 29. Fight at Mt fc 
 with a loss of 1'! killed nnd 20 wounded ' i ', 
 
 wounded. 
 
100 
 
 .hi! . : iran's offici:il report of his successful raid.- through 
 
 K ntuekv :ind IblMli, amounts to the capturing of 20 towns, ami 
 
 I _ md destroying Federal property to the 
 
 ■ i : $000,000. Tii. Confederate loss in all the engagements was 
 
 'l'.\ k'dlcd and 47 wounded Engagement on the Janes River near 
 
 .. md, Va. The Federal fleet repulsed. Confederate loss 3 killed 
 and 4 wound' d. 
 
 July "JT. SkirmiahiDg near Bolivar, Tenn. The Confederates repulsed 
 with ■ Loss of l."> killed and wounded. 
 
 July 27-30. Skirmishing near Stevenson, Ala. The Yankees defeat- 
 < 1 in two severe fights. I/"-- of both side.-, 17 killed and 40 wounded. 
 Battle of Moore's Mill, Mo. (near Fulton.) The Con- 
 il i with a loss of 22 killed and 00 wounded. 
 duly 28. Skirmishing near Humboldt, Tenn, 
 
 June — The Confederates attacked and captured the Federal garri- 
 son at Sunimervillc, Va. Federal loss, killed and -'■'> wounded. 
 ( '•itifederate lots, 5 wounde I. 
 
 ting. 1 I'niuhardnieiit on James Kivcr, near WestOVOr. Four Federals 
 killed and s wounded. 
 
 An.'. 2. Fight near Madison, Ark. Gen. Parsons surprised a Federal 
 Camp and put the Yankees to flight. 
 
 Aug. '.'. Cavalry skirmish at Orange Court House, Va. Confederates 
 :: killed and l 11 wounded. 
 '.'.. Skirmi>h at Cox's Mill Creek, Va. Confederate loss 2 
 killed and 5 wound) 
 
 Fight near Memphis, Tenn. The Confederates under Jeff. 
 ited with I loss of three killed and live wounded. 
 August 1. Skirmish near Hanover Court House, Va. Gen. Stuart 
 r»- -'in Yankees. Fedora! stores destroyed. 
 
 n. Fighting* near Malvern Hill, Va. The Federals after a 
 hard battle deflated tho Confederates with a loss of live killed and 
 nine wounded, The Federals afterwards evacuated tho* place, federal 
 "••> killed and wound * 
 
 Align liattle of Tazewell, near Cumberland Gap. Tenn. Fede- 
 
 rals re | of !)1 killed and wounded. Confederate Iom 
 
 21 killed and '■'>■> wounded. 
 
 August 5. Battle of Baton Rouge, La. Tho Confederates under Gen. 
 lined a signal viotojry. Federal loss OSo killed and 
 led. Coufedcratfl loss 12 killed and 178 wounded. 
 
 -s. Guerilla fighting near Stockton, Mo. The Federals 
 < 'onl'ederate losa 90 killed and wounded. Federal loss 
 rilled and wounded. 
 
 August 6. Fight at Pack's Ferry, Western Virginia. GenVLoring 
 large feiee of Federals. 
 
 Auyisl 6. The great ram and gunboat '-Arkansas" destroyed pnd 
 abandoned b) her officers. The machinery of the boat became disa- 
 bled, which compelled the erewio destroy the boat toprevehi her falling 
 
 into Federal hands. 
 
101 
 
 August (itli: The notorious Federal General McCook was killed by 
 Partisan Rangers in Tennessee. 
 
 August 7. Skirmish near Decatur, Ala. Capt. Roddy defeats a force 
 of Federals, killing several and capturing 1-28 prisoners. Confederate 
 loss 2 killed and 7 wounded. 
 
 August Sth. Fight near Culpepper court -house, Va. The Federals 
 were badly routed, 5 killed and 19 wounded, and 21 taken prisoners. 
 
 August 8. Lincoln issues a proclamation calling for 600,0©€ more 
 men to put down the rebellion. 
 
 August 8-9. Battle of South West Mountain, or Cedar Hun, Va. 
 The Confederates, under General Jackson, defeated the combined divi- 
 sions of the Federal army under Banks, McDowell and Seigel. Con- 
 federate loss 220 killed and 870 wounded. Gen. Winder killed. Fede- 
 ral'loss 300 killed and 900 wounded, and 400 taken prisoners. 
 
 August 11. Battle of Independence. Mo. The Confederate Parti- 
 sans under Col. Hughes and Quantrcll, defeated the Federals, killing 29. 
 ' August 11. Skirmish at Friar's Point, Miss. The Yankees defeated 
 and put to route, several taken prisoners. 
 
 August i:>-10. Battle at Lone Jack, Mo. Col. Tracy, the Parti- 
 san leader, gained a great victory over the Federals, putting them to route 
 with a loss of 300 killed and wounded. Confederate loss, 73 killed an 1 
 wounded. Previous to this battle, Colonel Tracy had defeated the ene- 
 my in Greenfield, Osceola and Harmonsville, Mo, causing great S»vo< 
 among the Yankees, capturing large amounts of Federal stores, and took 
 300 prisoners, and killing over 100 of the enemy. 
 
 August 10. A party of Confederates were defeated near Mammoth 
 Cave.Ky. 
 
 August 10-17. Skirmish at Bayou Sara, La. The Federals destroy 
 ed part of the town — several persons killed. 
 
 August 17. Skirmish at Loudon, Ky. The "Kirby Smith Brigade" 
 of cavalry, under Col. Scott, routed the Federals and drove them from 
 the place, capturing 111 men ; Confederate loss two killed. 
 
 August 18, Barboursville, Ky., taken by the Confederates: l~< 
 Yankees taken prisoners. 
 
 August 19. Gen Lee crossed the Rapidan in pursuit of the retreat- 
 ing Federal army under Gen Pope 
 
 August 2(1. Fight near Union Mills, Buchanan county, Wo ; Federal- 
 defeated, with a loss of 5 killed and 1 wounded. 
 
 August 20. Fort Donclson, Tenn, taken by tbe'Confcderates, 1100 
 Federals taken prisoners. 
 
 August 20-21. Fightingj.nea^ Gallatin, Tonn. The Cot 
 under Gen Morgan defeats and routcsTthojYankc" under <;«■-,. 
 son. Federal low 200 killed wd wounded, and -"•< »< » taken pjfap 
 Confederate. Ins- 'J 7 killed and:)'.) wounded. 
 
 August 22 Battle of Big Hill, near Richmond. Ky. Colonel 
 defeats the Federals, putting them to route with a MM of 23 killed 
 and 05 wounded. 
 
 August 22. Skirmish at Warrcnton, Va Federals defeated with 
 great loss. 
 
L02 
 
 € 
 
 I Jatlott Staiiou, Va, 
 mount of Federal b 
 m«l •'> worn 
 
 ; .._' IT i 
 
 lile, Ala. 
 ( >ur : I ail' 1 
 
 oam 
 
 ■ : 
 
 sharp fight. I". 70 killed and wovsd- 
 
 i (1 ai 
 
 Skirmish Dear Bolivar, Tunu. Federals routed 
 .. and 7<> taken prisonm ■ Gojrfed- 
 I wound 
 
 \ orcly 
 from their strong entrenchments. 
 
 • .. ren, Kirby 
 
 Sniitb ' the Federals in two hard-fought 
 
 - L78 killed and •!•»' wounded, ana 4800 
 poanded. 
 battle mi Manassas Plains, Va. Qen. L* 
 
 Pope. < '"ii- 
 land 4 lend loss 8,000 killed 
 
 ■ 
 
 Richmond, K . The "Kirby Smith J3ri- 
 - :i large force of Abolitionists, 
 killing "• Southern loaa 5 killed, 20 wounded. 
 
 .n, Tenn. The Federals were •> 
 Arong fortificaiio 
 2d. Col. Jenkins defeated the Federals in several 
 Valley, capturing several prisoners, Fed sral 
 
 uear CcBUcville, Va. !'• 
 
 killed and 135 wounded. The 
 aruoy killed. 
 
 lish mar (lormantown, Va. Federals roui 
 ibardmenl uez, Bliss. A party of I 
 
 I were driven back to their gunboats. The. 
 city for several hours. Two persons were killed 
 
 • 
 
 1 n ioo a( Frankfurt, Ky., am! 
 
 I 
 . I 1 . Guerilla fighting near Salt River, Ky. Federals 
 rodta 
 
 r '•'. The Confederate Army under Generals Lcc and Jflck- 
 
103 
 
 September 9-10. Col. Jenkins defeats the Federals at Buchanan and 
 Ravcnswood, Western, Va., capturing large amounts of Federal stores. 
 
 September 0th. Tlie Yankee garrison at Williamsburg, Ya., was 
 surprised and captured by the Confederates. Federal loss 15 killed 
 and 70 taken prisoners. Confederate loss 17 killed and wounded. 
 
 September 9. Washington, North Carolina taken by the Confederates ; 
 the Federals re-captured the place after a hard fight. V 
 
 September 10. Skirmishing near Helena, Arkansas. Federals d* \ 
 feated. 
 
 September 11. Great excitement vraf? created in the country by the 
 report of the capture of Cincinnati. 
 
 September 11. Engagement on the St. Johns River, Florida. Fede- 
 ral gunboats repulsed. Our loss two killed and five wounded* 
 
 September 13-14. Battle of Cottou Hill, Western Ya. Gen. Loring 
 defeats the Federals, capturing all their fortifications, stores, &c. 
 Federal loss 400 killed and wounded. Our loss 25 killed and wounded. 
 
 Sept. 15. Fighting at Charleston, Western, Va. (Jea. Lorine again 
 defeats the Yankees, driving them from the town. 
 
 Sept. 14. Rattle of Fort Craig, opposite MumfonlsviHe, Ky., Gen. 
 Chalmers attacked the Federals, after a dav's hard fighting, our forces 
 were compelled to fall back with severe 1G&. General Chalmers is much 
 to be censured for his unnecessary attack and sacrifice of lives. Our 
 loss 05 killed and 275 wounded. Federal loss 18 killed and 30 
 wounded. 
 
 September 13-14. Skirmishing near Opelousas, La. Several fights 
 occurred between Confederate partisans and marauding parties of Yan- 
 kees. 150 Yankees were captured in one skirmish. The Confederal - 
 lost 15 men killed and 13 wounded, and fifty captured in different 
 eonfji' 
 
 September 13, ! 1. 1 5. Beige and capture of Harper's Perry, Ya. 
 Gen Stonewall Jackson captures the Yankee garrison after three day-' 
 hard fighting. 11,583 Yankees were taken prisoners. Our loss .;l 
 killed and 4U wounded. Yankee lose 200 killed and wounded. An 
 immense amount of Federal stores, guns, &c. were taken. 
 
 ; 11. Battle of Boonaboro Gap or South Mountain Maryland. 
 TheCdnfederates under I». If. Jlill fought a most <!- sperate battle, pepuls- 
 rng the Federals and holding | of the Pass against tie enemi 
 
 who (lutmiinliereol then live to one. Federal loss 4,500 killed and 
 woiiiKled. Confederate! illedand 1,800 wounded. 
 
 Sept. 14. Confederate Debt. Up to the flrsl ol August, I8ftS, our 
 70; and for outstanding requisitions, * 
 128.15. Funds 
 
 most of which i- '•> 
 raised by Treasury v 
 
 Bept. l:<. 14. General Armstrong surprises the I : faka. 
 
 Mi--., and rout the Idtfa, 
 
 and capture s u lar* i 
 
 killed and wound a. Federal loss 10 killed, £1 wounded 
 pt, 13. V>. 
 died and wound* d, and I 
 
f- 
 
 104 
 
 • mla, La. Federals runted alter a l>i i>k 
 ndod. ('"in".,!. 
 
 uu. 
 ttlo of Sharpsbuig or Antictam, Maryland. A 
 signal by the C ler Gen. Lei Th 
 
 i i. M Clcllan numbered 90,000 men. 
 
 i iui • I 56-.000 men. T! I 
 hold pos& battle-field for 2 4 hours after the fight, and made 
 
 I ' nfedcrate lossr 1,900 killed and 6,915 wounded 
 aud Mi» Federal loss, 2,010 killed* and 9,410 wounded 
 
 and rs. 
 
 Fight near rille, Fla. Federal gunboats 
 
 Gen 1. the Potomac from Man- 
 
 Battle ofluka, Miss. o. Price defeated th 
 - fight, driving them from their fortifications. The 
 [e resulted in the complete roul of the Confederates, 
 with a loss of 265 killed and 687 wounded. Federal loss, 188 killed 
 
 Sep; Battle of Sheppardsl - 1, Majyla 
 
 \ r ■ " line victory over the Federals, repulsing aud driy- 
 
 • th< Potomac with great loss. Confedeiitcjoss, 
 :illed aud w anctcd. Federal loss, 2,500 killed and wounded, 
 mfordsville, Ky., evacuated by the Con'fi lerates, 
 Lincoln issues a proclamation declaring all negroes 
 in tl. after the 1st of January, LS6o. 
 
 . Gen. Beauregard takes command of the army at 
 Charleston S. 0. 
 
 7. Sabine city taken by the Federals 
 S pretnber 29. Fight near New Haven, Ky. Confederate 
 Col. ' d 290 Confederates taken prisoners. 
 
 bine near Middleton, Ky. Federal loss, 1 1 killed 
 and ID wounded. Confederate loss, 7 killed and 13 wounded Skir- 
 mish at ' k, Ky. Federals repulsed with o loss of 7 killed and 
 
 wounded \ report was presented to the Confederate Senate, B&oif- 
 
 whole number of sick and wounded eolcuexfl admitted Into 
 and around Richmond, since their organization to 
 the present time, ws 99,605, of whom 9,774 have teen furloughcd, 
 died. 
 
 1 I 3. Fight near Franklin. N. 0. Federals defeated, with a 
 
 less of 20 killc! and 19 wminded and 40 prison^! 
 
 . Battle at Corinth, Miss. Confederates won wgnal 
 
 the first and se< ond day's fighting ; on the third day they 
 
 and were compelled to retreat. Confederate loss, 1200 
 
105 
 
 killed ant] 2.300 wounded, and 2000 taken prisoners. Federal loss, 450 
 killed and 1.820 wounded and 320 taken prisoners. 
 
 October 3. Skirmish at Olive Hill, Ky. General Morgan. defeats 
 the Home Guards. 
 
 October '5. The Confederates make an attack on a fleet of Federal 
 :!eaiyboats near Poualdsonvillo, La , killing several Yankees on board 
 of the steamer;:. 
 
 October Skirmish near Big Burch Mountain, Western Ya., several 
 Yankees taken prisoners. 
 
 October 7! A party of Confederates under Gen Anderson were 
 surprised and captured at Lavernge, Tenn. 
 
 October 8. Battle of Pcrryville or Chaplin Hill, Ky. A decided vic- 
 tory was gained by the Confederates under Gens. Polk and Hardee, over 
 the Federals. Federal loss 4,000 killed and wounded and 2,000 taken 
 prisoners. Confederate loss 2,700 killed and wounded. 
 
 October!*. The city of Galveston, Texas, occupied by the Federals 
 
 ...Skirmish at Middloburg, Ya. Federals defeated Cavalry 
 
 skirmish near Chaplin Hill, Ky. The Confederates under Col. Scott 
 defeated, with a loss of killed and 5 wounded. Federal loss 5 killed 
 and 11 wounded. .. .Fight near Frankfort, Ky. Confederates suffered 
 a defeat by the Federals under Pumont. Confederate loss, 4 killed and 
 75 taken prisoners. Federal loss 5 killed. 
 
 October 10-11. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, with a force of 2,000 men, 
 makes a successful rcconnoisance through Pennsylvania, destroying 
 large amounts of Federal property and causing a great panic among the 
 Yankees. During this expedition Gen. Stuart made one of the most 
 extraordinary marches on record, marching 9G miles in 24 hours. . . . 
 Fight at Augusta, Ky. A party of Confederates after surrendering 
 were fired upon by the Yankees. Lt. Col Prentice was killed. The 
 Yankees were afterwards attacked in force and a large number killed. 
 
 October 17. Fight in Harlan co., Ky. The Confederates attacked 
 and defeated a large. party of Union men, killing 4, and 20 taken pris- 
 oners. . . .Guerilla fighting near Island 10, Tenn. Confederates defeat- 
 ed with a loss of 5 killed and 11 wounded. Federal loss, 3 killed and 
 7 wounded. 
 
 October 18! Skirmish near Thoroughfare Gap. Ya. Confederates 
 repulsed- • • ■ Murder of Confederates. Ten Confederate prisoners were 
 shot dead by the order of the Federal General, McNeil, at Palmyra. 
 Mo., on account of a raid which the Confederates had made into the town. 
 
 < )> iobrr 1 S— Ju. Gen. Bragg's army reaches Knoxville, Tenn., on re- 
 treat from Ky. 
 
 Octotorl$. Skirmish at Lexington, Ky. Morgan's Cavalry makes 
 another successful dash into the i ity. routing (he Federals, killing * and 
 11 irg 150. 
 
 October 20. Fighting at Pittman's Ferry. Ark. A party ol 
 federate Partisans were attacked and defeated by a lar_ ol the 
 
 ral army. 
 
 Octobas21. Skirmishing near Nashville. Tcnn. Federal 
 and driven into the city. 
 
■ :.<-r 22. Pighl at FoootaKgo and Cooaafcatchifl, S. C. Federals 
 
 ■1 and driven back. Oar loss 22 killed and 50 wounded. Federal 
 
 •■ killed and 287 wounded. •.. .Battle at Maysville, Ark. Our 
 
 foree.-. defeated, with a loss of 32 killed and. wounded. Federal Jres. 7 
 
 killed and 19 wounded. 
 
 October 28. SkirmisL near Waverly, Tonn. Our forces defeated. 
 bex 27. Battle of Albemarle, Bayou Lafourche, La. A d 
 rati fight ooettrred in which onr forces were defeated by a vastly supe- 
 rior force of Federals. Our loss 17 killed, 15 wounded, and 208 tak\ n 
 prisoners. CoL BfcPhceters of our forces was killed after surrendering 
 
 to the Yankees \ Confederate catnp in Clarkson, Mo., was surprised 
 
 and rented : 4 killed and 40 taken prisoners. . . .Skirmish at Snicker': 
 Gap, Ya. Federals repulaed and several killed. 
 
 October 28. Fight near Faycttcville, Mo. Our forces defeated, with a 
 
 loss of/) killed. Federal loss S killed and 4 wounded A company 
 
 of Confederates were mm prised and routed with :> heavy loss, at QoBldla. 
 Fla. 
 
 October 30. Fight at Bollinger's Mills; Ark. Our forces defeated, 
 several taken prisoners. 
 
 her 31. Skirmish near Catlctt's Station, Ya. Federals routed. 
 
 October 31' bombardment at Lavaca, Texas. The Abolitionists 
 kect tip the bombardment of the town Tor two days, when they were 
 forced to retire. 
 
 November 1. Battle at Williamston. Our forces defeated by a supe- 
 rior force of the Yankees. Our loss, 1 killed and 32 wounded. Fed- 
 eral loss, 7 killed and '28 wounded. 
 
 November 5. Skirmishing near Warrentou, Ya. Our forces driven 
 from the plaeo, but returned again reinforced, and defeated the Federals, 
 compelling them to retreat. Federal loss, 1 killed and G wounded. 
 
 Our loss none Gen. McClellan, of the Yankee army removed by 
 
 the Government. Gen. Burnside appointed in his place. 
 
 November 7. Fight at Haymarket, Ya. Major Andrews attacked 
 a large body of Federals, routing them and capturing oU prisoner-, b 
 sides taking a large amount of Federal stores. 
 
 November 7. bight near Vera Cruz, Mo. The Abolitionists <!• oated, 
 and their, garrison captured, with 800 prisoners. 
 
 November 7. Rkirtnish near Donaldsvillie, I. a. Abolitions repulsed 
 and put to flight. 
 
 November 8. A party of Confederate cavalry was surprised and cap 
 Hired near Gold Water. Miss. 1 M'oefcderates wounded. 
 
 November 9. The federals made a raid into Fredericksburg, and were 
 driven from the town, with a loss oi' 5 killed and wounded. Confederate 
 
 loss, l killed and :; wounded \ large force of Federals attempted to 
 
 land at St. Mary's Ga., and wen- repdlsed by the Confederates, The 
 Federals afterwards shelled the town. 
 
 tfovemberll. Fight at Castleruafl'a Ferry, Ya. Gen. A. 1'. Hill re- 
 pulsed a large force of Federals who attempted to cross the river at that 
 point. 
 
 November 12. Skinni^h near Nashville, Tenn. (kit. Forrest defeated 
 the Abolitionists near Nashville, killing 15 and wounding 37 — Fight 
 
107 
 
 at Madisonville, Ky. Col. Johnsons cavalry made a dash into the tOwn 
 Mid scattered the Federals, killing 23 and wounding 100. 
 
 November l&-lo. Fighting near Lebanon, Tenn. &en..Mbrgaq routed 
 the Abolitionists and eapl prisoners. 
 
 November 16-17. Skirmishing al Fredericksburg. Va. Abolitionists 
 repulsed i n :uivd. Confederate loss, '3 killed, 7 wounded. 
 
 November 17. The famous Gen. "Morgan of ilie Confederate army came 
 Dear being captured. qeajsTyree Spring, Tenn. He succeeded in making 
 his escape by a ra-e. 
 
 Nov. 17-1 S. Skirmi>hing at Franklin, \ a. "the Abolitionists defeated 
 and driven back in several brisk engagements, and 17 captured. 
 
 November lib Bombardment of Fort McAllister, Genesis Point, Go. 
 A heavy bombardment by the Federals was kept up for several hours, 
 when the Yankees retired. 
 
 November 27 28. Slvirmhhing near Mill Creek and Lavergne, Tenn. 
 A severe tight took plaee near Lavergne, in which the Abolitionists were 
 completely routed, with a loss of 170 killed and wounded. Confederate 
 . 85 wounded. 
 
 November 20th. The following will show some of the means and ap- 
 pliances by which the Abolitionists are trying to subjugate the South and 
 restore the Union : 
 
 The World editorially says it is not alone the purpose of the Adminis- 
 k>n to subdue the Southern armies, but to impoverish the people by a 
 wholesale. a of .their property. 
 
 Our e prohibit the introduction of medicines into the South. 
 
 Since the Federal occupation of Memphis and New Orleans, druggists in 
 those eities have i • ted to the confiscation of their property and 
 
 to imprison;-!- uiSj for the sale of medicines that passed within 
 
 our lines. 
 
 On the march from Corinth, Federal troops set fire to fields and fence-, 
 which communieated to the houses, etc. Great destruction of property 
 '•a<ued. The route of the army can be tracked by the cinder-', blackened 
 stumps and remains 61 dwellings barns and fences, tired maliciously. 
 The fine of march was lighted by conflagrations. Houses were entered 
 and pillaged by la ?glers, and indignities heaped on families 
 
 without regard i" age or sex. 
 
 ncranz intends to hang all guerillas, and defies the threatened rebel 
 I ■liation. As be proa h, the alternative will be offered, he 
 
 says, of allegiance tothe Fnion, or forced within the rebel lines. He will 
 apply the same law to women and children. His idea is to throw an im- 
 mense population on the South in order to consume what it considers our 
 limited supplh rve us into subjugation. 
 
108 
 
 A List •/ A'///../, II '<■>.„</, ,J ,,„,/ J//.v.w'/i,/ if] //,,■ Baffles, 
 *£■ /' //<< War for the ) 
 
 !-<;i ,.;,,/ [862. 
 
 CONFEDERATE VICTORIES. 
 
 battles, Skirmishes and 
 Engagement*. 
 
 Evacuation of San Antonio 
 Surrender of Fort Brown. 
 
 Fori Sumter 
 
 Surrender of Fori Bliss. . . 
 Surrender at Indianola . . . 
 
 Sewell Point 
 
 Fairfax Court Bouse 
 
 Acquis Creek 
 
 Fill's Point 
 
 Bethel 
 
 Vienna 
 
 Kansas City 
 
 \Y\v ( 'reck 
 
 liomney 
 
 Mathias Point 
 
 Bainesville 
 
 Carthage 
 
 Scary Creek 
 
 Bull Run 
 
 Manassas 
 
 liesilla 
 
 Fori Stanton 
 
 Oak Hill 
 
 Mathias Point 
 
 Hawks 1 Nest 
 
 < !harleston 
 
 Bailey's ( 'ross Roads 
 
 Big Creek. Ya 
 
 Fort Seott 
 
 Oanley, or Carnil'ax Ferry. 
 Fewiusville 
 
 Toney's ( 'reel 
 
 Blue Mills, Mo 
 
 Harlioursville 
 
 Lezingtoa 
 
 Alamosa ' 
 
 Steamer Fanny 
 
 ( liv, nlirier River 
 
 Chicannihcomico 
 
 Date. 
 
 1881. 
 
 February . .18 
 March.... . 11 
 
 April 13 
 
 April US 
 
 April 
 May. 
 May. 
 June . 
 Juno . 
 June. 
 
 June. 
 June. 
 June. 
 June. 
 June 
 Jul v.. 
 July., 
 July . 
 July . 
 July . 
 July 
 J nly 
 
 .10 
 
 . 18 
 
 .81 
 
 . l 
 . 5 
 .10 
 . L8 
 . 17 
 . lit 
 .86 
 .27 
 .. -1 
 .. 5 
 .17 
 .18 
 .21 
 
 . as 
 
 .28 
 
 August 10 
 
 August 15 
 
 August 2o 
 
 August 21 
 
 August — 2<» 
 September. . 9 
 September. . 7 
 September 10 
 September 1 1 
 September 1 1 
 September IV 
 September. 19 
 Sept iu-20-21 
 September 25 
 < October ... .1 
 October — 3 
 October. ... 5 
 
 
 2 S 1 
 
 S (a 
 
 
 [5 
 
 
 
 7o 
 
 3 
 
 55 
 
 369 
 
 265 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 
 200 
 
 1 
 
 05 
 
 1483 
 
 Mill 
 
 30 
 
 88 
 
 150 
 
 :>o 
 5 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 (i 
 
 IS 
 
 300 
 
 ;.(i 
 lit 
 
 1000 
 89 
 
 800 
 
 In 
 
 98 
 
 
 
 85 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 150 
 
 8 
 20 
 80 
 50 
 89 
 30 
 
 100 
 
 250 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 Cm Ml 
 
 250 
 
 loo 
 
 150 
 
 e 
 
 in 
 
 808 
 
 Km 
 
 200 
 
 8200 
 
 L50 
 
 1000 
 
 88 
 
 !■! 
 
 8 
 
 is 
 850 
 
 a 
 
 8*0 
 880 
 
 120 
 
 
 111! I.I 
 
 7.-,o 
 BOO 
 
 150 
 
 50 
 
 3500 
 
 !7 
 
 ;:> 
 
 32 
 
109 
 
 CONFEDERATE VICTORIES— (Continued.) 
 
 ! *»at ties, Skirmishes nnd 
 Engagements. 
 
 Santa Rosa 
 
 Mississippi Passes 
 
 Boliver 
 
 Leesburg 
 
 Rock Castle Ford 
 
 Belmont , 
 
 Piketoa 
 
 Cnvandottc 
 
 Upton Hill 
 
 Fall's Church , 
 
 IVnsacola 
 
 Near Vienna , 
 
 Annandale 
 
 Alleghany 
 
 Woodsonville , 
 
 Gen. Price's Retreat 
 
 Chustenahlah 
 
 Skirmish on Green River. 
 
 Pat( 
 
 October 
 October 
 October 
 October 
 October 
 November . 7 
 Novembers, 9 
 November 19 
 November 
 November 
 November 
 November 
 December 
 December 
 December . IV 
 Dec. 17-18-19 
 1 >eccmber .26 
 December 
 1862. 
 January . . 
 January . 
 January . 
 January. 
 February 
 
 ..12 
 ..16 
 
 . .21 
 ..21 
 
 28 
 
 Port. Poval Rivei 
 MidQk Creek.... 
 N. ar Boston, Ky. 
 Ja;n ©s Island — 
 New < 'oncord . . . 
 
 Near (ialveston February 
 
 Near Savannah, Tens Rivi 
 
 Near New Madrid 
 
 New Creek, \'a 
 
 Hampton Roads 
 
 NeSr Nashville 
 
 ( 'liarleston 
 
 St. Man's E*ver 
 
 Warreiiton, Va 
 
 I'!ea-anl 
 
 Valverde 
 
 Mosquito Inlet 
 
 . 1 
 
 .10 
 
 .22 
 
 27 
 
 l-l 
 
 is 
 
 March ] 
 
 March 1 
 
 March 6 
 
 March .... 8-9 
 March.... 8-9 
 
 March 8 
 
 March 25 
 
 March... . 15 
 
 March is 
 
 March 21 
 
 March 22 
 
 Winchester March. ... 2:; 
 
 Near Jefferson City 
 
 Edisto [aland 
 
 Kappahannock River 
 
 Jacksonville 
 
 Shiloh 
 
 Near Shiloh 
 
 Easl '1 eanesMe 
 
 Skirmishing on Peninsula. 
 
 Whitemarsh foland 
 
 Farm 
 
 March 27 
 
 March 29 
 
 March 29 
 
 O 
 
 E2 B 
 
 2u 
 
 1 
 36 
 
 11 
 
 105 
 
 11 
 
 5 
 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 lis 
 
 80 
 419 
 
 20 
 
 ■ 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 April . 
 April . 
 April . 
 April., 
 April . 
 
 ...6-7 
 
 I 
 
 .. G-7 
 19 tl 
 
 ... .16 
 
 ...16 
 
 •1 
 1728 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 18 
 
 168 
 
 ] 63 
 
 1 
 
 8612 
 
 i 
 
 
 32 
 
 117 
 
 2 
 
 2 s 
 
 200 
 
 230 
 T8 
 
 i 
 
 909 
 
 *3 
 
 50 
 
 15 
 
 •4 75 
 
 20 
 
 47:; 
 
 2 2u 
 
 4:! 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 4 
 u5 
 29 
 15 
 250 
 16 
 
 17 
 200 
 
 8 
 
 45 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 22 
 15 
 
 51 1 ^ 
 
 P 2 
 
 ro 
 
 250 
 
 230 
 
 !• 
 
 160 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 2585 
 60 
 
 17 
 
 loo 
 
 40 
 835 
 
 47 
 627 
 
 Vt 
 
 57 
 
 2:1 
 
 178 
 42 
 
 60 
 
 170 
 20 
 
 it 
 
 230 
 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 9 
 
 45 
 
 Hi 
 
 50 
 
 12 
 
 no 
 
 227 
 
 iis 
 
 30 
 23 
 
 : 2r, 
 15 
 
 209 
 
 15 
 
 35 
 
 20 
 40 
 
 60 
 
 17 
 
 loo 
 
 200 ;,oo 
 200 
 
 70H2 
 
 800 
 
 Id 
 
 28 
 
 12 
 
 2» 
 26 
 
 1044 
 
 17 
 
110 
 
 CONFEDERATE VICTOB 
 
 Rattles, Skirmish - and 
 nts. 
 
 - 
 _ : 
 
 r- . - 
 
 
 South Mills 
 
 Peninsula, Va ! 
 
 Logan County 
 
 Pittsburg Landing | 
 
 Cumberland Gop j 
 
 Barhamsville 
 
 Williamsburg j 
 
 McDowell's I 
 
 Farmingtoo 
 
 Parisburg 
 
 Pollock sville ' 
 
 Dniry's Bluff 
 
 City Point 
 
 Near Corinth 
 
 Near Warranton 
 
 Searoy 
 
 St. Marks 
 
 Front ftoyal 
 
 Lewisbnrg 
 
 Garnett'e Farm 
 
 Winchester 
 
 Hanover Court Hoi 
 
 Seven Pino 
 
 Washington 
 
 James Wand 
 
 Sweed'en'e Cav< 
 
 Uarrisburg 
 
 Port Republic 
 
 Cross Keys 
 
 sionville 
 
 Williamsburg Road 
 
 Battles of the Chickahona 1 y 
 
 Near Mnrfreesboro 
 
 •■Arkansas," near Vicksb'g 
 
 Seige at Vioksburg 
 
 ( 'oui'tland 
 
 Gen. Morgan's raids 
 
 Stevenson 
 
 Near Malvern Hill 
 
 TaaeweU 
 
 Baton Rouge — < 
 
 Near Deoatur 
 
 Culpepper ('our! House . . 
 
 South West Mountain 
 
 Lone .lack 
 
 London 
 
 April. 
 April . 
 
 April 
 
 April 
 
 .19 
 
 . 18 
 
 April . .28-»&9 
 
 Mav 7 
 
 5 
 
 .... 8 
 ....'.>: 
 10-11 
 ...11 
 . . . 1 ■> 
 ...IB 
 
 May. 
 
 May. 
 May . 
 
 May 
 Mav 
 
 May 
 
 May 18-19-20 
 
 May 
 
 May. 
 
 Mav 
 
 May 
 
 May 
 
 Ma.N 
 
 May 
 
 \] a 
 
 ,10. 
 
 .. ..20 
 .28-34 
 .23 -24 
 .23-S4 
 .... 91 
 
 ,-26-a* 
 
 Mas il.Jruiel 
 
 2-5 
 
 .11 
 
 . _■> 
 
 -Turn 
 
 JlUK' 
 
 June 
 |une 
 
 • Jlllic 
 
 June 
 
 June 
 
 JlUK' 
 
 June 26, Julvl 
 July 13 
 
 July 1 
 
 May2G,July24 
 
 July 
 
 June and July 
 
 'July . .,27-30 
 
 August. . . 5-G 
 
 : 5 
 
 August 5 
 
 Au^iist V 
 
 August 8 
 
 ■...>■ 9 
 August 15-16 
 August.. . . IV 
 
 L6 
 
 l:; 
 
 Ol C3 
 
 
 - © 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 I!) 
 
 25 
 
 •II 
 90 
 
 \sm 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 i:. 
 
 40 
 
 L30 
 
 •Id 
 40 
 
 is;, 1 1 
 
 23 
 
 IT 
 
 5 
 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 220 
 
 25 
 
 3 
 
 L09 
 
 1 
 
 
 G5i 
 
 
 19 
 15 
 
 5 
 
 100 
 
 171 
 
 it:. 
 36 
 20 
 10 
 13 
 8 
 39 
 
 10 
 
 IT 
 
 63 
 
 232| 
 
 2760 
 
 I 
 
 Ts 
 16 
 
 100 
 
 
 L00 
 
 11 
 120 
 
 
 LQjQ 
 330 
 L60 
 LOO 
 
 L65 
 6920 
 
 91 
 
 BO 
 68 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 !T 
 
 40 
 
 9 
 
 35 
 
 IT:: 
 
 070 
 
 is 
 
 72 
 
 160 
 
 . 
 
 L988 
 
 fin 
 
 .... 
 17 .... 
 
 130 
 
 Ki 
 '.I 
 
 31 
 
 ! LO 
 
 •j 
 
 (ill 
 
 12 
 
 9.T, 
 800 
 640 
 
 j-Ki 
 
 st 
 
 800 
 38 
 
 31 
 64 
 
 ISO 
 
 1.9 
 900 
 240 
 
 17 
 
 ,'(>o 
 
 6000 
 
 l'JOl) 
 
 1.;;; 
 L200 
 
 123 
 
 111 
 
Ill 
 
 CONFEDERATE VICTORIES— (Continued. > 
 
 Battles, Skirmishes and 
 Engagements, 
 
 Date. 
 
 ( Jallat in 
 
 Catlett's Station 
 
 War Bridgeport 
 
 ! Richmond, Ky 
 
 Second Battle of Manassas 
 
 Near Centreville 
 
 Near Williamsburg 
 
 Cotton Hill 
 
 Harper's Ferry 
 
 HoonsbonV (-Jap 
 
 Xewloiiia 
 
 Ponrhntoula 
 
 Muinfordsvillc 
 
 Sharpshurg I 
 
 Sheppanlstown I 
 
 Franklin I 
 
 IV-rryville 
 
 Pocotaligo ; 
 
 In Tnrious Skirmishes dur-j 
 iiie the last ton moBths. 
 
 1892. 
 
 August. 20- 
 
 AiiLrnst 
 
 August . . . . 
 August. 29 1 
 August. 29- 
 Sept ember 
 September 
 Scpt.13-14- 
 Bepteniber . 
 September 
 September 
 September 
 s ptember 
 September 
 September 
 October . . . 
 < October . . . 
 October . . . 
 
 O 
 
 
 125 
 
 1800 
 
 45 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 31 
 
 GOO 
 
 1900 
 
 50 
 
 7oo 
 
 <~ 
 
 
 & 
 
 a 
 
 w 
 soo 
 tooo 
 
 l •:.:> 
 17 
 15 
 43 
 1800 
 70 
 
 8915 
 
 200 
 15 
 
 •20(10 
 CO 
 
 Q 
 
 ..I 40 
 
 . . . 1 (• 
 
 . . 17s 
 . . 2(M m 
 
 . . 55 
 
 ... it 
 . . | 90 
 
 60 40 
 
 . ..Iiooo 
 
 , . . ! 30 
 
 sno 2ol(i 
 . . . ' 500 
 ... 20 
 
 sooliofd 
 
 . . . 100 
 
 -! 00 1000 000 1 000 1000 1500 
 
 ° S 
 
 a, n 
 
 162 
 
 5U 
 
 !.-»() 
 
 7800 
 
 100 
 
 300 
 
 90 
 
 3500 
 
 120 
 
 
 9410 
 
 2000 
 
 18 
 
 3000 
 
 287 
 
 -5 £ 
 a a 
 
 H "J 
 
 35o 
 213 
 
 ropo 
 "fe 
 
 1158:; 
 100 
 
 4800 
 1044 
 
 40 
 2000 
 
112 
 FEDERAL VICTORIES. 
 
 fiat ties, Skirmishes and 
 Engaeenienl -. 
 
 Phillippa 
 
 Boonville 
 
 ( tarrock's Ford 
 
 St. George 
 
 [lattefas i 
 
 I •-ccol.'l 
 
 Ohapmansville 
 
 Fredericktou 
 
 Port Royal 
 
 McCoy's Mill 
 
 Capture of Col. Magoffin . . 
 
 Drainsville 
 
 Surrender of Fort Smith. . 
 
 Surrender at Neosho 
 
 Frederickstown 
 
 Hanging Root 
 
 Fishing Greek 
 
 Near < >ccoquan 
 
 Bloomery 
 
 Fori Henry 
 
 Roanoke 
 
 Cobb's Point 
 
 Fort I toaelsoo 
 
 Winton 
 
 NYu bern 
 
 Kikborn 
 
 Cumberland Gap 
 
 Hew Madrid 
 
 Near Cumberland Gap 
 
 War Cumberland Gap — 
 
 Polk County 
 
 Union City 
 
 Fort Pulaski 
 
 Island 10 
 
 Fort Jackson 
 
 Fori Macon 
 
 Cas^villc 
 
 Near Lebanon 
 
 Lewisburg 
 
 Gametts Farm 
 
 Naval battle aear Memphis 
 
 Fayetteville 
 
 Mt". Sterling 
 
 Nenr Poliv r 
 
 Date. 
 
 3 
 o 
 
 5*2 
 
 1861. 
 
 June 
 
 June 17 
 
 Julv 12 
 
 July 13 
 
 Au-u.-t 2* 
 
 Septet n bur .21 
 September . 25 
 October.... 21 
 November . .7 
 November. 14 
 1 lecembcf ..19 
 December.. 20 
 
 April 23 
 
 Julv 5 
 
 18G2. 
 January ... .5 
 January . . .19 
 January . . .29 
 Fobruary. ...1 
 February .5-0 
 February . 7 -S 
 February . . 10 
 Feb.... 14-15 
 February. . 20 
 
 March 4 
 
 Marcb....7-8 
 
 March 11 
 
 March 13 
 
 Kirch 14 
 
 March 22 
 
 M:irch 2(» 
 
 torch 30 
 
 April 
 April 
 
 April 
 April 
 April 
 Mav . 
 Rfaj . 
 Kay. 
 June 
 July. 
 July . 
 
 July. 
 
 1 1 
 
 ...24 
 ...25 
 '7-28 
 
 23-24 
 23 2-1 
 
 (J 
 
 . ... 15 
 
 ....29 
 
 ...97 
 
 11 
 
 O 
 
 'Jo 
 
 2'.i 
 
 57 
 
 60 
 
 16 
 
 114 
 9 
 
 lo 
 
 23 
 
 G 
 
 231 
 
 7 
 
 45 
 
 125 
 
 2 
 
 in 
 •j 
 
 •2 
 6 
 
 139 
 
 Q 
 
 ~- £ 
 
 SB P 
 
 "2. <~-' 
 S p- 
 
 £ c 
 
 ' n 
 
 500 
 091 
 
 '.Mil I 
 
 8 
 
 35: 
 
 Eg 
 
 *$ 
 
 2i 
 
 2 to 
 
 1 as. . 
 
 I 13 . 
 
 85 
 
 18 
 
 102i 
 
 1 
 
 13 1 
 58 
 
 8 
 1007 
 
 5 1 
 55 
 
 ■loi)l 
 
 1 
 
 29 
 5 1 
 5 
 
 '•' 
 3 
 
 43 
 
 125 
 18 
 
 85 
 
 184 
 
 L51 92 
 
 36 
 
 57 
 2437 
 
 5079 
 
 202 
 200 
 
 30 
 2ouo 
 
 45 
 
 175 
 
 11 
 
 L200 
 
 L50 
 
 300 
 
 110 
 
 52 
 
 194 
 
 60 
 300 
 
 2001)! 
 
 150 
 300 
 
 300 
 900 
 
 58| 179 
 30 71 
 
 500 
 
 900 3,50 
 
 ... I 40 
 
 47 .... 
 
118 
 
 FEDERAL VICTORIES— (Continued. ) 
 
 Rattles, Skirmishes and 
 Engagements. 
 
 Orange Court House 
 
 Fort Craig 
 
 Near Opelousas 
 
 Inka 
 
 Corinth 
 
 Albemarle 
 
 Williamston 
 
 In various skirmishes dur- 
 ing the last ten month's.. 
 
 Date. 
 
 1802. 
 August . .. . 
 Septe ;iWt. 14, 
 Sept.. ..13-1? 
 Sept.. .'. 19-20 
 
 ( ».! .... 3-4-nfi 
 
 Oct 27 
 
 X( veir.in.M- . . 4 
 
 c ] 
 
 Bo 
 
 *}3 
 
 US--9- 2 a' 
 
 . P 
 rt- 
 
 B 
 
 2 
 
 05 
 
 15 
 
 2 OS 
 
 1200 
 
 17 
 
 4 
 
 C 
 
 in 
 
 275 
 
 30 
 
 687 
 
 >300 
 
 ] 
 
 
 P-i-3 & 
 
 n s *i 
 
 C. « 5T 
 
 8fi0 2500 
 
 L'oon 
 203 
 
 is |0 
 
 [0 ... 
 
 1&6I 5H2 
 450 1820 
 
 2000 500 
 
 150 
 
 820 
 
 2s .... 
 1200 1 800 
 
 TOTAL 
 
 Confederates killed 1 6,580 
 
 Confederates wounded. . . .48,7,03 
 Confederates captured. . . ,20,7s)3 
 
 LOSSES. 
 
 Federals kil e'd 20, 440 
 
 Federals won ded 71,172 
 
 Federals captured 57,47'-' 
 
 RECAPriTLATIOX. 
 
 Total number of Confederates killed, oundedand prisoners 86,098 
 
 Tot il number of Abolitionists killed, wounded and prisoners. . . .101,350 
 
 Number of Confederate victories 152 
 
 Number of Abolition victoi ies • 5-'} 
 
 Number of Engagements 205 
 
 The probable number of Confederates who have did from sickness, 
 disease, and from wounds received in battle, from t e commencement ot 
 the war to the present time, 110,000. 
 
 The probable number of Abolitionists wbo have died from sickness, 
 di-ea-e, and from wounds received in battle, from the commencement of 
 the war to the present time, 200,000. 
 
Ill 
 
 YIKIUTIVE OF THE B.ITTLE OF SHILOH. 
 
 IIV ALEX. WALKER, OF THE N. 0. DELTA. 
 
 To doa irifoc the battle of Shiloh with anything like full- 
 
 and distinctness, would be a task involving weeks of 
 
 examination, study and investigation of facts and reports. 
 
 There has rarch been fought sneli a battle in modern times, 
 
 rdiiig the extent of the fighting, the character of the 
 
 . onihat. its duration, obstinacy and the disregard of the 
 
 in;:rv rules of modern and scientiiie warfare. Though 
 
 ral'ly planned, and arranged on scientific principles, 
 
 circumstances converted the battle, into a hand-to-hand 
 
 of 38,000 men against 65,000, in which for more 
 
 twelve hours every individual of that 38,000 was en- 
 
 d. Such a battle will have to be described as it was 
 
 •it in detail, and it. can only be done by one who has 
 
 Line and industry to collect the reports of reliable per- 
 
 wlio witnessed all the various details. J. can only hope 
 
 you from ray own observations some general and 
 
 vague idea of the main contest. 
 
 ..■• time pa^t the enemy had been collecting a large 
 
 iq the Ten ;u. -see river, near Pittsburg, twenty-two 
 
 I ova Corinth. There he had established an immense 
 
 encampment, extending for miles along the river, between 
 
 two creeks, < Kvl Creek on the north and Lick Creek on the 
 
 • >uth. These camps fronted from the river, and rested tin- 
 
 m Owl ('reek and the left on Lick Creek. The 
 
 country in which this encampment was established is a high, 
 
 rolling land, heavily wooded-. The camps were about a 
 
 mile from the river. Pittsburg was the landing place for 
 
 their boats, and several gunboats protected their camps on 
 
 the river Bide, From Pittsburg run two main roads, one to 
 
 the north-west to l'urdy, a small town some rive or six miles 
 
 i the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, and the other to the 
 
 ■outh-woKt, to Corinth, twenty miles. About half wav on 
 
 it 
 
116 
 
 this latter road is a place railed Monterev. where several 
 roads unite. The enemy had already been < -t.ibl Nh,-. ( 1 on 
 the Tennessee river, and had aftgniettteH Hk fe>rce to m &t 
 formidable proportions before onr armv I,,--,,,, t., concen- 
 trate at Corinth. The march of BiieM 'from Crtlunilin, in 
 the same direction indicated a uni-pose to seliUfe tforinrh, the 
 possession of which would haw git^t hin, control ot'our 
 lines of communication tVoni Memphis and Hie South with 
 Virginia and (Wariest,,,,. If,, had afreacfv he^jn fi. feel h", 
 way towards Corinth, by sending large rWnhoitering par- 
 ties, which advanced as for as Monterev. abohttvYeW miles 
 from Corinth. The enthusiasm with whi-h ..„,- volunteers 
 responded to the call of Beauregard soon Gtmbfed btif -m- 
 erals to collect quite a formidable ffiree at OorThih, wfridiit 
 was determined to defend at all hazards. Bfag$ broii^ta 
 tine body of troops from Alabama: folk :,, ,,-..>, 
 
 portion of his force to the same point : Johnston advanced 
 several of his divisions in i|„. direction, and several o 
 and hastily raised regiments, including som. eight or'teft 
 from Louisiana, were sent forward to thi- general render 
 vous. Iu a few days, Gen, Johnston, dn repairing to 
 Corinth, found himself at the head of a tine arm v. toierablv 
 disciplined, and full of ardor and zeal. In the meantime, 
 the enemy, discovering our movements. bedfeViie more cau- 
 tious and hesitating, and the roads being htapfessible, qui< tfj 
 settled down in his camp, determined toWaH Ibt the an : 
 ofBuell and for better road* to advance. It>as, tlndbr 
 these circumstances that our generals -Beamv -ml hart 
 joined Johnston at Corinth— determined in comtcil to make 
 an attack on the enemy before BmJI cainc Up. Tie arm. 
 was divided into three corps— the first eorp> Commanded 
 by Polk, the second by Bra-- the third by Hardee^-Jobn 
 ston Commander-in-Chief, Beau,,-ard second in command 
 and Bragg Chief of Staff. The froopg irere ordered to 
 cook, five days" rations, and. without baggage, to nioVti 
 forward by the various roads that converge ju-t beyond 
 Monterey and attack the enemy in hit eamp, in the foil. 
 
rder: Hardee, x\ 1 1 1 1 a division oi his own corps and 
 
 > make the main attack, cov- 
 ilir win-!-' front of the enemy, Eiugglee's division 
 and the other brigades of Bragg ware to support this attack, 
 whilst Breckinridge was to march up from Lkirasvillc, and 
 take positiou on our right, preventing tlic enemy from 
 flanking in that direction ; whilst Clark's division, of J'olk*s 
 corps, should cover our ie A Hank. The other division pi 
 Polk, Cheatham's was to move from l'nrdy, so as to clear 
 that direction of any trgop* of the enemy which might 
 threaten n- 1 from that quarter and take up a position on on* 
 left flank. It had been reported thai Wallace's division of 
 the ehemy .-till occupied Borne position on the road. 
 
 T^jiff was thje general order of- the battle. An eloquent 
 and inspiriting order was issued b\ Gen. Johnston, which 
 was read at the head of the various commands. 
 
 On Thursday the various divi&iona took up their line of 
 march. No vehicles lmt ambulances and a few forage 
 were allowed in the column. The^roads^wete 
 i i and the ;id\ anee ol' tin- 'army was very ak)W. The 
 
 great deficiency of our engineering department was seri- 
 ously felt. Thd streams were poorly bridged, and the 
 various vehicles losnd it very difficult to make their way 
 <\ver the deep ruts i n ! he road. Thus t wo days were con- 
 •'unicd in the march, the nights being cokj and rainy, and 
 the troops having to bivouac in the woods, with a very 
 in-mtlicicnt supply ol food, for lew had had time or the 
 material to cook their five days' rations, and many, to 
 lighten their load . threw away that which they had. These 
 
 untoward crif< uroetauces, however^ produced not the slight- 
 est etfeel upon t In- spirits of the army. Indeed, the enthu- 
 siasm of our -alhoit troops grew warmer and stronger with 
 .•very discomfort and obstacle;. On Friday the ears of our 
 soldier.; vyerc delighted with the sound of a rattling lire in 
 front. It was evidently a prolonged skirmish, and t'\i<\-\ 
 body was eagef to know what was g< in<>- on. 
 
 It was not long before the news Hew down our column 
 
m 
 
 that the .'iinnv was only a few miles in front, an<l that Our 
 cavalry had had a brisk skirmish with them, and had killed 
 several and taken some prisoners. The troth of this was 
 presently confirmed hy the appearance ofbhe of cue mount- 
 ed men leading rapidly down the road up which Ruggles 8 
 column was struggling, a tine looking young ollieer in the 
 Federal uniform, without a hat. He had been slightly 
 contused on the forehead, and as he galloped along our 
 columns, lie gave our men a very bold, defiant look. lie 
 proved to he Lieut. Oyer, an Aid o\' (Jen. Uuchner, ofthc 
 Federal army, who had keen eaptureit whilst reCohnoitering 
 hy Clanton's Cavalry. Our men treated the brave looking 
 fellow with proper respect. Shortly afterwards another 
 otlieer. of still higher grade, wa- Led hy on horseback. Tins 
 was Major Crocket!, of Illinois. Immediately hehind him 
 came two Texan horsemen, with bheirShsbrpe rifles < 1 1 1< •< ■ t • • 1 
 to the unfortunate captive, a most unnecessary precaution, 
 considering tha1#he captives were in the midst of a greal 
 army o\' their enemy. This offiu or was a smiling, pleasant 
 looking gentleman, and as he passed our several regimen- 
 tal commanders he sainted and was saluted bt them. Halt- 
 ing near the head of the Crescent Keginicnt. he tainted 
 Col. Smith, remarking, as he surveyed our Crescent b'pj 
 " A tine set of fellows you have. Colonel; it' they were ii# 
 blue, I should take them for my own hoys." Following 
 these officers were some eighteen or twenty other prisoner?, 
 who rode hehind their captors', members of Clontbn's Cav- 
 alry. This little eireumstanccproduccd considerable vivacity 
 along our lines. 
 
 Friday night found our troorte bivouacked a few miles 
 beyond Monterey, [t was a most uncomfortable night, 
 cold, dark and rainy — ami our troops greatly wearied by 
 the day's march, lay down to sleep imppcrless. Early the 
 next day, Saturday, the troops were all in motion, towai 
 the road leading to Michie'fl I r < * u « . which was tin converg- 
 ing point ^\' all the divisions. Tlv various division had 
 reached the vicinity of this point hy different roads, and 
 
lis 
 
 v ;ill reported to be in position, or near at hand, for ini- 
 mediate action. JJragg's corps had come up by the Farin- 
 ington road. Polk's 1 1 \- the straight road from Corinth to 
 Pittsburg. Cheatham was advancing .by the Purdy road, 
 and Breckinridge was defiling into the Monterey road, to 
 bring up tlie rear of the army. The firing of two guns 
 during the i ; I -_r 1 1 1 had signaled the advance of Hardee's 
 position near the enemy's outposts. The various columns 
 being drawn up in the road, Gen. Johnston and Staff, and 
 1 1 en. Beauregard and iStaff. rode by and were greeted with 
 loud cheers* • 
 
 After breakfast uii Saturday morning the various divi- 
 sion- began to move forward on the Pittsburg road from 
 Michie's house, to take up position in front of the enemy, 
 preparatory tp the attack the next day. The camp of the 
 emniy was six miles off, and the plan contemplated the 
 occupying his whole front between the two creeks, with one 
 or two division-, with strong Hanking columns on the right 
 and left. 
 
 All Saturday was consumed in the marching of the col- 
 umn-. Hardee s division was already in front; next came 
 Braggs Corps, which being the strongest, occupied several 
 hours in passing. A gallanter body of men, more spirited, 
 0-esoived and enthusiastic, never marched forth to battle. 
 Gladden had, with his usual promptitude, already passed 
 before we reached the spot where we could command a 
 \i \v i>l' the column. Next came the brigade of Mississip- 
 pian .-. mid T that heroic and indefatigable officer, whom I 
 had met a \'vw days before on his way homeward to recover 
 his broken health, Gen. Chalmers. He had heard that 
 ther • was to he a fight and had hurried back to lead his 
 brigade. Though very pale and feeble his dark eye was lit 
 up by martial tire, and his diminutive and frail form ap- 
 peared full of vigor and vitality. The Mississippians 
 marched forward at a miick step in their usual rollicking 
 bold style, overfl.pwi.9g W ^ L impatient and long pent up 
 ardor for the tight, the promise of which had reconciled 
 
11© 
 
 them to their long and tedious camp service at Peristole. 
 Each corps had its separate battle-flag. That of Harden 
 was a blue ground with a white globe or circle. thai of 
 Bragg was our ordinary battle-flag, with yellow trimmim 
 that of Polk was a tasteful banner of light blue with white 
 stars on a red ground. They were distinct and easily re- 
 cognizable at a distance. Ruggles's division followed 
 Chalmers brigade, which brought up the rear of Wifher's 
 division. Of course I surveyed this tine body of troop'* 
 with special interest, as it contained our gallant boys. Our 
 regiments all appeared in the best condition. The ft 
 were full of life and joy, and never marched better fior 
 seemed in better condition. They could be easily distin- 
 guished from the other regiments by their neater ttressj tn 
 more soldierly bearing, and their more orderly marching. 
 The Crescents and Orleans Guards eould scarcely reistr: 
 their buoyancy, but double quicked it across the field in f I 
 gayest style. The Washington Artillery boys brought up 
 the rear of one of the brigades, ami though with two horse* 
 less to their guns than the other batteries, they moved wfth 
 ease and rapidity over the rough roads. Pond's and An- 
 derson's brigades, of Ruggles's division, passed; Gib on'* 
 brigade brought up the rear, and a splendid brigade it was, 
 composed of those noble regiments, the 4th and 18th I 
 isiana, an Arkansas and a Tennessee regiment, and a ■ 
 tery. As the large and splendid 4th Louisiana mafel 
 by, the gallant Col. H. W. Allen leading it. the bra- - I 
 of the regiment struck Up a lively air, but the < 
 shouted "Stop that music," and then turn mg to the lm 
 he said, "Wait, boys, until this light is over, and th 
 may play either the Dead March or the Bonnie Blue V 
 All the Louisiana troops had filed by excepi one 
 ment. So large a body of the gallant .youth of our Ptat'e, 
 embracing the sons of our best citizens, the very soul 
 life of our rising generation, the rose and exi of 
 
 our fair estate, going forth to battle against a hireling !• 
 of invaders, who had come to desolate our homes, so many 
 
120 
 
 of tin in mere boys, raised to comfort, ease and luxury, all 
 unaccustomed to deadly strife, unused to war's dread reali- 
 ties, could not but suggest melancholy reflections. But 
 there is uo time now for such reflections. Honor and duty 
 call them forth. Terrible as is the sacrifice, it can not be 
 denied bo our country, our honor and our homes. 
 
 Rugglea's division was followed by Gen. Polk's two di- 
 visions of uiue regiments each, the first led by (Jen. Charles 
 Clark, of Mississippi, and the other by the gallant and 
 elegant Cheatham. These divisions were composed chiefly 
 of Tennessee troops, and appeared to be well drilled and 
 in fine condition for the fight. In one of them we noticed 
 the splendid buttery of Capt. Smith P. Bankhead, which 
 has already earned such high distinction for efficiency and 
 drill. There was an interval of half an hour after the 
 march of Polk's column before the splendid division of 
 Breckinridge appeared in the road. . It consisted of Crit- 
 tenden's division and Breckinridge's brigade, and was as 
 noble a body of men as ever marched forth to battle. 
 
 The Kentucky regiments, especially, were composed of 
 stalwart men who, in their appearance and bearing, showed 
 high Mate of military drill and efficiency. Their gallant 
 <1 nef looked every inch the General — self-possessed, calm 
 and earnest — his tall figure, resolute air, and noble counten- 
 ance, inspired all beholders with admiration, confidence and 
 respect And this closed the column of our army, which 
 was followed by a long train of wagons and ambulances. 
 On summing up the totals of the various divisions and 
 brigades "which made up the column, including several 
 regiments and squadrons of horse which had been sent 
 forward by various routes, we made the effective force of 
 the army thirty-eight thousand men .and about fifty pieces 
 of artillery — most of them small guns. But few of the 
 batteries hud ever been under tire. This number, too, in- 
 eluded about four thousand cavalry, which, from the nature 
 of the ground, could lmrdly be made available ; and, as the 
 event- of the battle proved, added but little to the effective 
 
121 
 
 force of the army. Tlie principal of these cavalre corps 
 
 were Wirt Adams', Clanlou's and Terry's Regiments', tne 
 Alabama Horse, l>enuett's Mounted Riflemen, Nforgan*s 
 squadron, and several other troops— all admirable lii^li t 
 cavalry, well mounted and well armed. The .IcH'ersoi, 
 Horse, Captain Drenx, had been detailed as an escort fbr 
 (ion. Beauregard. 
 
 That higfet the army bivouacked near the eriemV'S ont 
 posts. It was the only pleasant night sinee we had left 
 Corinth, and though the ground was damp and the atm>> 
 phere raw, there was no rain, and for once we fonnd a bed 
 or leaVe's! in the woods not disagreeable. Our bravo sol- 
 diers went to sleep without suppers or camp lircs, and 
 dreamed of their happy home;- and dear friends, in the vffry 
 face of a vindictive and hostile enemy, within distinct 
 hearing of their drums, and even of the call of their senti- 
 nels. The quiet and silence that reigned through the dark 
 forests were solemnly impressive, and suggested hfany pain- 
 ful reflections and anxieties, which, despite fatigue and 
 exhaustion, long banished sleep from our eyelids and tilled 
 even our few hours of slumber with disquieting visions and 
 ghastly dreams. 
 
 THE BATTLE OF THE SIXTH OF APRIL. 
 
 Providence seemed to interpose in behalf of our army, in 
 all'ording them one pleasant, dry nightsinec their departure 
 from Corinth, on the eve of the great battle, the anticipa 
 tion i^( which had sustained our soldiers under the terrible 
 fatigue, discomforts and deprivations of their three days' 
 tedions march. The men had slept soundly in the deep, 
 dark recesses of the unbroken forest between Owl and fjicfc 
 Creeks. With the first streak of daylight visible through 
 the light mist thai ascended from the wood-, they SprttUg 
 fr<fii their lairs to arms, and every man took hi* posftibh 
 in line, and prepared for th • onset. The 
 and enthusiasm prevailed throughout the who!, army. 
 Already a rattling Are {fcfftie. two miles in front proclaimed 
 
122 
 
 that Hardee had opened the l»all. First, a Jew scattering 
 slu.t- were board, Quickly volley- of platoons succeeded, 
 .mil soon the fire extended and increased, until the rolling 
 ri']>ort< of long linos of musketry could l>c distinctly recog- 
 nized. This eontinued for nearly an hour, and was followed 
 by a lull and pause of some minutes. The order then cane- 
 along the lines of all the divisions to forward at quickstep. 
 The whole army was now in motion. The woods werealive 
 with troops, and the various lines were well preserved, and 
 moved forward as it mi parade, The word came from the 
 from. " Hardee is at it, hot and heavy ; press, forward the 
 other divisions to support him."' The day began now to 
 brighten, and the troops moved forward with alacrity. 
 Proceeding from the rear, We passed through the lines of 
 Breckinridge and Cheatham, the latter fronting towards Owl 
 Creek, M it to cover our left think, and the former skirling 
 Lick Creek and keeping a shai u look on that tlank ; whils! 
 between these two column- W.ithers, with several brigade.-, 
 and Kuggles. with kla heavy division, and Clark, with Polks 
 Iir.-t division, covered lie whole front between the thinking 
 division.-. It was cheering and inspiriting, indeed, to ob- 
 serve their calm, determined air, and the unbounded enthu- 
 siasm and confidence with which the men followed them-- 
 ( 'hcaihain. Bitting on his hur-r with a lounging air, smoking 
 bis cigar. Mailing and shouting to his aids, as it' on a holi- 
 day hunt — .Breckinridge, erect and precise in his carriage, 
 lowering in height above his staff, calm as a summer morn, 
 circumspect, wary nnd oh-crvant. In this order the army 
 moved quickly forward. And now the volume o[' the tiring 
 in from: began to swell and extend over the whole area. 
 >o ( ,n the big guns began to join in the horrid concert, at 
 lirst as slowly as the notes of the basso in an opera rise 
 above the softer tone of the barrytoue and tenor, at first 
 .-lowly and regularly, but soon in rapid Miceession as if 
 whole batteries had got to work. "That is Robinson's 
 battery ; there goes Ketchum's," exclaimed scores of anxious 
 listeners. On foot, through the dark woods, over gently 
 
123 
 
 rolling mills — now and then through small open fields, we 
 pushed forward, with the purpose of reaching the rear pi 
 Ituggles' line. To this we were impelled partly by curiosity. 
 be see how our hoys would bear themselves in the perilous 
 drama, so actively opened, but still more, by the strongest 
 of all human motives, to be near a youth of sixteen, in 
 whose fate we had a special interest. For some distance, 
 as we advanced, we could see no signs of the crash and 
 conflict which had preceded us, yet we knew we were fol- 
 lowing the course of Hardee's division. Suddenly, how- 
 ever, while stepping over a small stream, we stumbled over 
 the first reminder of the skirmish which had opened the 
 ball. Jt was the bdfly of one of our soldiers, a stalwart 
 Tennesseean, in the brown jean uniform usually worn by 
 our troops. He had been shot through the head and his 
 tin cup was full of blood and brains, evidently a victim of 
 fli* 1 enemy's sharp-shooters, the woods in front being admi- 
 rably adapted for this sort of fighting. As we passed aloi^, 
 we observed other dead bodies in the woods. From the 
 uniform they were evidently our own men. This was not 
 encouraging, but we could easily understand that, in driving 
 in the enemy's scouts, Hardee's skirmishers had labored 
 under great disadvantage in fighting men who had selected 
 their positions and fired from ambuscades and from behind 
 trees. Arriving in sight of Kuggles' line, we concluded 
 that OS there were already two lines in front, we should still 
 be some distance from the scene of conflict. Still the filing 
 • ceiued to be very near, perilousl J So, it appeared to an un- 
 armed spectator und non-combatant. Yet our fatigued 
 condition in the effort to catch up with the line, gave warn- 
 ing that what we regarded a reserve would 9000 fcepreefpt- 
 ted into the action. We halted and were resting upon n 
 iVu ••<>. in view of one of Kuggles' brigade-. \Y<- < -ould re- 
 cognize it from the light uniforms of the Confederate B»1 
 talion occupying the center. It was the brigftcta of J. 
 l'atton Anderson. 
 The line had halted and were resting, many of the men 
 
1-1 
 
 I villi: down -iaku , ., |Jj . | ,: .:.-,,iin- t.» | he hea\ v 
 
 «'". lo the right .Suddenly, however, we and they 
 Uviv • fi'oUi ill ■ of iiiiwu i ■•■-« .runty, by a 
 
 fcfcmonaora discharge of artillery, accompanied by a pro- 
 longed rattle of niuskatry. It appeared bo borne from the 
 
 Froul pf the brigade -and fhrough the field enclosed 
 by lids fence, «>n which ivc gaJ il:.'iv swept a tempest of 
 canister, and Minie, while small slicll exploded in every 
 direction. This was more iliai* we had bargained fori We 
 had made the coinpiqn mistake, of .-vitv body in lhat bat- 
 tle, of imagining thai H wtmld be fougjil by ihe utec yh c 
 coiifllcl of advancing limv v.iih reserves to oe called into 
 action after the e^hau^tiyn of the fror* or main line;-;. It 
 Was now hardly breakfast time and our armies were already 
 in the midst of the (ighfc At iirst we sought the shelter of 
 a large tr.ee, thinking that it was a sate cover, but the ernel 
 Minies with their devilish screeeh seemed to come from 
 every direction, and we eonld hear them and the grape, sliot 
 cjittyig through the Itrandies of t lie trees. There was no 
 shelter short of an old cotton shed, ahont twolmndrcd yards 
 to the real-. To this we hastened across the field, over 
 which the halls and shells still swept. Gaining the shed, 
 we found that it had already been occupied by several 
 
 glers and wounded men from Anderson's brigade 
 W'c ppuld perceive the eil'eet whieli the sudden opening of 
 a masked battery and of a large foree of musketry had 
 produced upon Anderson's line. The men who, a minute 
 before, were lying on the ground in a slate of perfect secu- 
 rity, were now all on their feet, and not a few of them were 
 breaking to the rear. The effect of so sudden and terrible 
 a lire from an iiivi.-ible foe was very startling and disheart- 
 ening. A -real many, too, had been killed and wounded 
 by this lire. Xo wonder the simple-minded Floridians 
 were broken and many of them hurried to the rear. Soon 
 we saw an aid galloping to the rear, and as he passed lie 
 hallooed out, k ' Where is the Washington Artillery V We 
 pointed to the rear, where we had seen our battery struggling 
 
125 
 
 over a very bad road. Meantime Hie gallant Anderson was 
 galloping down the front of his lines, cheering and assuring 
 his men and restoring order. Still we could see many 
 stragglers, and many of them availed themselves of the 
 cotton shed which we had occupied. It was a source of 
 proud satisfaction to observe that, though Anderson's 
 brigade was composed chiefly of Louisiana troops, there 
 were no Louisianians among the stragglers. I'm! now, 
 hurrah ! Here come the "Washington Artillerists, tearing 
 through the woods like madmen — the strong voice of 
 Hodgson ringing above the rattle of the wheels, and the 
 gallant form of the intrepid SJocomb, conspicuous on his 
 noble charger, urging them forward. With terrible speed 
 the battery rushed forward, and reaching the position 
 assigned to it, wheeled into battery, and with wonderful 
 celerity all six guns opeiiecj. Tbe lire was terrific. The 
 enemy opened in response from 'his masked battery. 
 
 The lookers on were breathless with anxiety for the 
 issue of this artillery dfiel. This curiosity, however, was. 
 soon relieved by the grateful and' familiar yells of Our men. 
 which, with the receding fire of the enemy, we had no diffi- 
 culty in interpreting. The enemy had been uncovered : 
 they could not stand the fire of our famous battery, and 
 were rapidly retiring. The stragglers from Anderson's 
 brigade could now be seen stealing back to their lines. 
 Hut, alas I a great many are lefi behind, poor fellows — 
 lorn, bleeding, limping. And here the horrors of war 
 began to glare upon us. The roads were full of the 
 wounded seeking surgeons, ami inquiring; for hospitals. 
 And these were only the wounded of a small brigade, and 
 of an incident of a battle which was now raging all ov<t 
 the field. Anderson's brigade having pro ed forward in 
 the direction of very heirvj firing, lye conchuled to take 
 another course, and ;f» -eordiiigly pa ^ d further to the right, 
 in the hope of catching up with I'ond's brigade, which in- 
 cluded bur own Crescent and Orleaji'd tJuard-. lint, we 
 >n became confused in the" den i fori I an I lost ottr b< 
 
1 26 
 
 in<j\ The woods were full of meu, some, in regiments, 
 some in detachments, nil pressing forward with ardor and 
 i agerness, There was an equal number, .-lowly wending 
 their way to tin* rear] singly, sometimes in small parties. 
 :md frequently in throes and ' couples. These were the 
 wounded, hurrying to the hospital. This was the most dis- 
 tressing sjffRt of all. The dead bodies of the slain soon 
 hecame familiar, and excited little interest <>r attention. 
 But the poor, limping, bleeding hoys — supported by com- 
 panions, or frequently making their way alone — some borne 
 in blankets and 6n litters, and others riding horses led by 
 comrades, aroused the warmest sympathy and pity, and 
 -ubdued the excitement and enthusiasm of coniliet to 
 despondency and sorrowfulness. Hut this is no time lor 
 these feelings : such is the fortune of war. It is consoling 
 to see how bravely our boys bear up under their misfor- 
 tunes and the agony of dreadful wounds; many of them 
 are smiling and happy as if returning from a pleasure 
 part\. "Well, they have poppo<> me. this time," exclaimed 
 .►ne poor fellow with a ball through his face, "but I will he 
 al them arrain." "Hallo, Bill," shouted in a faint voice, a 
 half-grown country bOy from an ambulance, to a friend on 
 toot who was homing up his shattered arm. "they have 
 hrbke mv thigh, but it is in a glorious cause." Many 
 with slight wounds are hurrying rapidly to the hospitals to 
 have their wound* dressed, so that they may get back in 
 tine- to haw a chance to "get even" with the Yankees. 
 But few. indeed, exhibited any great despondency, and all 
 bore u]! with wonderful fortitude under their atllictioiiB. 
 And now we could perceive that we had reached the neigh 
 bofebood oi the main attack by Hardee. The battle still 
 raged in trout with uninterrupted and augmenting fury. 
 Kumors came that we were driving the enemy back, and 
 had gained his camp. Our whole annv was pressing for 
 ward. Lines which I hail passed hours ago were now 
 hurrying by. I could see Polk's blue banner far away to 
 the left, and a dark line to the right double-quicking it for- 
 
127 
 
 ward. I concluded it was Breckinridge moving forward to 
 relieve Hardee's exhausted and shattered column. And 
 well it might he torn and exhausted, for that division had 
 had the first and hardest part of the work to do, and nobl}- 
 it had done it. Rushing to their arms, ns soon as they 
 could see ten paces ahead of them in the searcel}* perceptible 
 dawn, TTardee had pushed speedily forward with his skir- 
 mishers, and soon oecame engaged with the enemy. The 
 enemy skirmished well and vigorously. His men could 
 select their position. Our men had to advance in open and 
 "exposed order. The Yankees, availing themselves of the 
 trees and every convenient cover, kept up a constant galling 
 fire. But Hardee had no time for this trifling, and pushed 
 forward his line, driving the cloud of skirmishes before 
 him, and thus advanced about a mile. Here he perceived 
 the enemy drawn up in line in excellent Order, with bat- 
 teries strongly ported', and in great force. This was what 
 t ho cool, skillful and scientific Hardee wanted. He had 
 never had his opportunity in this war. Always assigned 
 to posts where large bodies of troops had to be disciplined 
 and drilled, performing, perhaps, a greater amount of mili- 
 tary labor than any Major General or Brigadier General in 
 our army, he had been denied all the chances enjoyed by 
 other commanders of displaying his talents for command 
 in the field. Xow was his opportunity. The self-possession 
 and coolness with which he firmed his line, under a fire 
 from the enemy's skirmishers, who "filled the woods in every 
 direction, was in the highest degree inspiriting. Xo man 
 could do this better than Hardee. There was the brigade 
 of the intrepid llindman, composed el icily of the hardy 
 men of Arkansas, and there the soldierly Olaybourmv also 
 ol Arkansas, but coYhm&irding ehieMy Tennesseeaus and 
 Mis^issippians — all armed with tic new English Mini- 
 part <>f the caru-o <A' the Glafltator, which had recently 
 reached Corinth from the Atlantic cbqst. Two fine bat- 
 teries completed this division, which tfas further prolonged 
 bv the addition of Chalmer'- Mississippi brigade, and 
 
128 
 
 < iladdeh - throe Alahama re/nnem -. and 1 no famous tiu'lit- 
 .1 Ucgulars. with Kobinson's and lvctchum's 
 ...:ni'.> , im-hidim:, in all. a little over seven thousand 
 - ■ ilc-i-t i \ ■«• men. It was now about eight o'clock, when 
 ll.u.kv ordered this line forward to the charge. The order 
 ■d with a terrible yell and shout. The cuemr xnct 
 ii bravely and vigorously for a while. Their line opened a 
 terrific lire. of mqskotry, which mowed down 1 larder's men 
 hundreds, whilst the powerful batteries on the 
 llanos iind J'roin intervals bclcliod I'orth a tornado of shot. 
 and chrapuell. ( )ur men. after delivering their vol- 
 ... • pause to ic-load, but the ardor "Charge 
 ha\onei.-. " ringing along the lines, was quickly responded 
 to, and with desperate onset, the whole line rushed upon 
 i.i'iuy. the Louisiana Infantry and Dea's Alabamians 
 making their charge against the formidable hattery. The 
 .'Memy's infantry gave way, and Col. Daniel W. Adams, 
 hoariiuj; the flag of the Louisiana Infantry, called out/to. bis 
 • Mow him, whilst the veteran (iladden, m stento- 
 rian tones, urged them onward. Those gallant fellows, u 
 large U Uinber of whom had several days before served out 
 their turn of s..rviee, and had volunteered to remain and 
 tight out this battle, needed not such incentives. They 
 ■.'. ed (jiiickly their Colonel and their idolized General — 
 old ( 'oloiicl — and soon cleared away the infantry sun- 
 port of the haitcry, and bayonetiiug some of the -miners, 
 and capturing the rest, and hurling the men from the cais- 
 :iid carriages, wheeled them around and opened his 
 jiiii:- upon the retreating foe. liut the field was not 
 eicared, for the great force of the Yankees* seeing the com- 
 pmativ. small body of the assailants, fell hack on another 
 battery further iip the camp. "Y'ou have only begun the 
 job, there is more to be done," exclaimed (! hidden, "-pitch 
 ■ain, my hoys," and again, with a terrihle rush, 
 the old JVmaewl.i brigade, supported by Hindman and 
 ( "ie\hourne, now hadly cut up, charged the larger battery 
 and the strong, heavy lines of infantry. 
 
12$ 
 
 The enemy poured into them a cruel, crushing fire, but in 
 vain- Their onset could not he checked, the second and 
 strongest battery was carried, though at a fearful sacrifice, 
 and the enemy now rushed back pell mell, in great terror 
 and confusion, and did not stop until they had fled beyond 
 view to a distant camp, "Bravo! bravo!" exclaimed 
 Hardee, in an ecstacy of admiration mid delight. "Trot 
 the pieces to the rear," ordered Gladden, and then was 
 exhibited the strange and somewhat ludicrous spectacle of 
 the Louisiana Infantry leading the large brass pieces and 
 caissons to the rear, with the Yankee gunners sitting on 
 the boxes, looking as frightened as trapped partridges. 
 The formality of demanding their surrender and requiring 
 them to dismount, was dispensed with, and the captors 
 were allowed the raro privilege and honor of riding to the 
 rear, with thoir gallant captors leading their hori . 
 
 These brilliant results, alas ! had been achieved at tear- 
 ful cost. Hardee's division had been cut not 
 half the force with which he had ifommeni charge 
 remained in line. The others were either left oil the field 
 bloody corpses, or mangled and bleeding, were dragging 
 themselves to the rear. Twenty of the company officers 
 and over two hundred men o{' the Louisiana Infantry had 
 been placed kors du combat. The heroic and commanding 
 Capt. Jack Wheat had fallen among the first. Oapt. Bond 
 followed him, and others of the youtMul of thin 
 noble regiment were cut down with severe wounds. 
 Among them the fate of that delicate, rosy-cheeked youth, 
 so gentle and boyish in his appearance and man-nerti, that 
 we could not but shudder at the hare thought of one sfi 
 young going to battle in a conflict of full-grortvn men — the 
 young son of our patriotic citizen. J. L. Levy, excited 
 special interest. 11° was killed a1 the first fire. Marvo]- 
 oualy the gigantic colonel had | athrle >ugh 
 Uie thick tempest, but his noble gray ebarger had riot b< 
 80 fortunate. Riddled with balls, he oriry lived to hear 
 forward his master until ho had planted tfce battle flag of 
 9 
 
180 
 
 : ;ae\ in the very centre of the enemy'* camp. 
 
 The litUi and delioate figure oi Hindman, too, had escaped 
 
 !.,,> k ImUeti of the enemy. Terrible and trying as was 
 
 i presented by hits torn and reduced regiments, this 
 
 r, pale with sickness, his long hair streaming 
 
 l - haggard koc, sat his wounded charger, the very 
 
 picture of A chevalier sans peur • t sans repmcU, unawedand 
 
 ,i by the surrounding terrors and disasters, and 
 
 stil »r the conflict. So, too, his brother-invaliid, 
 
 the brighi-eyed, boyish Chalmers, calm and sell-poised, 
 
 i along his now feeble lines of Mississippians, and 
 
 emboldened them to further ell'orts by cheering appeals and 
 
 • oil praise. It was now about 11 o'clock, and Hardee's 
 
 division had borue more than its share of the toil and suf- 
 
 fering of the day. But they could not rest here. Forward 
 
 thev must move. It was at this point that a great calamity 
 
 upon our army. That noble old chief Gladden had at 
 
 nrd the summit of his aspirations. lie had led his 
 
 in just such a charge as for many months past he 
 
 - ■ earnestly panted for the opportunity of making. 
 
 won a splendid success, llis brigade had justified 
 
 ■ u«C and his pledge. He was justly proud and 
 
 ant a! the splendid display of courage and heroism 
 
 which had been made by troops whom he had drilled, and 
 
 . ii ■ i> organization and welfare he had centered all his 
 
 an<! ambition. There were other charges to make, 
 
 and other batteries to be carried, '-So forward — let as go," 
 
 the \\"rds which he bad just exultingly uttered, when 
 
 frail iit.il friend and aid, Ca-pt. Scott, from Mobile, ob- 
 
 I .. sudden shock and thrill of his body, as a crushing, 
 
 of shot and shell came tearing through the camp. His 
 
 ..!(• arm fell helpless, and raising his right hand to his 
 
 a he said. "Scott, 1 am struck, but let's go on." His 
 
 ■..oimdedaiid exbausted charger, as if in conscious sympathy 
 
 with bis master, moved but a few steps, when the General 
 
 . -h is a serious hurt ; help me down, Scott." His aid 
 
 quickly assisted him to alight, and applying his hand to 
 
131 
 
 the wounded limb of his General, found that the left arm, 
 near the shoulder, was crushed to a jelly. An ambulance 
 was called, and he was placed in it and honre to the rear. 
 Captain Scott driving. That gallanfcofficer himself had just 
 made a narrow escape. A grape shot had struck him 
 directly in the eye. It was fortunately spent, and left onlv 
 a contused wound. 
 
 "We were then but a short distance from the scene, and 
 meeting the ambulance driven by Scott, galloping towards 
 the rear, we apprehended the very casualty that had occur- 
 red ; for Scott would never leave the side of his beloved 
 General. He waived his hand mournfully towards us. We 
 ran forward, and looking within the ambulance, there saw 
 our gallant friend stretched out in intense agony — pale, 
 faint, but still smiling with the exultation of his great vic- 
 tory. We followed the ambulauce until it halted before 
 Beauregard's headquarters. Dr. Choppin was on hand, 
 busy in his terrible avocation of amputating limbs and 
 dressing wounds. He paused from all other labors to 
 attend the case of our gallant General. The necessity of 
 immediate amputation was quickly perceived, and the 
 operation was performed with masterl}" skill and celerity. 
 The mutilated limb still presented a dangerous aspect. It 
 had been dreadfully contused, and the shock of such a blow 
 must have been excessively violent. The wounded hero 
 remained at Beauregard,s headquarters. On our roturu to 
 the battle field we overtook a sergeant in the uniform of 
 the Louisiana Infantry. He was a powerful-looking fellow, 
 and the horse he rode was bleeding from several wounds. 
 It was a small but noble-looking black Ranger. "Is not 
 that Gen. Gladden's horse?" we asked. "'Yes,' mourn- 
 fully answered the sergeant, "it is the charger o\' as bravo 
 a man as ever drew a sword. I was in the Crimean and 
 Indian wars, and saw the best fighting in those campaigns, 
 but I never saw such fighting a- the 'Old !'>• Dfijal " go4 out 
 of our boys to-day — two hundred of whom he persuaded t-- 
 continue for the battle, though their time was. out, I never 
 
132 
 
 General bear himself like that little man. God 
 
 •ii," add ihe tears stealing down his 
 
 attested the biucerity of the rude and honest 
 
 Vlas! alas! an all-wise Providen.ee had decreed 
 
 -i> many thousands of others in the 
 
 throughout his beloved South should not be 
 
 after a few days of agony the horoic Gladden 
 
 from the scene of hid glory and triumphs amid a 
 
 ' mourning friends. The President of the Southern 
 
 Nation of Louisiana had attested the sincerity 
 
 tipu to the cause, of which he had been one of 
 
 j ions. Among the noble martyrs of our 
 
 gfc -ie, no name will shine with a brighter and a 
 
 . than that of A. II. Gladden, the gallant leader 
 
 owned Palmetto Regiment in the Valley of 
 
 , and the idolised commander of the lighting 
 
 ■f I'eusacola. 
 
 Till: BATTLE AND TI1K VICTORY. 
 
 death of Gladden devolved the command of the 
 
 Plerisacola Brigade on Colonel Daniel W- Adams, who still 
 
 moved forward on the right, with Claybourne, Hindman 
 
 and Glialim ;V brigades, cut down to mere regiments, 
 
 carrying other batteries and sweeping from their camps 
 
 of infantry, who kepi up, however, even in 
 
 'ucl 'ii' 1 ' of Minies. Finally, driven to their 
 
 fiftl ie enemy gained a position on a ridge from 
 
 which the ground sloped into a hollow, where our men 
 
 llected in a crowded mass. Then they had us at 
 
 grCa 2 , their flanks being covered by undergrowth 
 
 ch sv. armed with sharpshooters, and their batteries 
 
 frabU posted to play upon our advancing linos. The 
 
 of Hindman saw the desperate nature of our 
 
 :« :.. IK- could only recover himself by charging their 
 
 erics at every risk. Adam's brigade was pressing their 
 
 left, but it would bo iu vain, if Hindman did not clear the 
 
133 
 
 largo hadW that vtill clung to the bridges with their frown* 
 
 ing butteries. Renting hi? men for a few i 
 
 down their ranks and addressing to them \vftra.« df 
 
 and encouragement he formed them and . ordered (he 
 
 char. 
 
 It was done with a rush ami yelrV bm the terriil ! fi ■•■ •>; 
 the batteries and of their infantry support;-' svy.-m th 
 down in such numbers as to came them t<> recoil; Again 
 resting his men in the undergrowth and &611ectiiyj 
 
 stragglers from the other eonmiautfe, h'< 
 
 charge, with the same disastrous results and recoiling effi 
 It was now evident that Ilindman's force was too weak ' 
 carry this position. Looking around for help, he perceived 
 several bodies of our men advancing on his left. Tie rode 
 towards them and Boon met the tine brigade of Col. Gib- -• 
 of Louisiana, of Ruggle's division, composed of the 4th and 
 13th Louisiana, 1st Texas, and a Tennessee regiment with 
 a Btrong battery. Uniting these forces, and advancing the 
 battery of the Jefferson Mississippi Artillery, the whole 
 line rushed upon the enemy's strong position, delivering, 
 their fire and charging with a terrible whoop. This oil 
 was irresistible, but fearful was the loss it produced in our 
 ranks. Our two regiments, the 4th and 13th, were shiv. 
 as if by thnnderbolts. At least one-fifth of each of them 
 were cut down, killed or wounded. The gallant and accom- 
 plished acting Brigadier had his horse shot under him ; nj'c 
 clothes of the intrepid and chivalric Col. Allen were riddled 
 with balls, one of which struck him in the face, inflicting a 
 painful but slight wound ; the youthful Major Avegrio, of 
 the 13th, had his horse shot under him ; and that gallant 
 son of Erin, Capt. Stephen O'Leary of the 13th, r 
 two bullets in his body, while scores of the officers and rhen 
 strewed the ground or dragged themselves to the rear. : 
 the point was gained, the batteries of the enemy > 
 our possession, and the ridge afforded a fine position fo'r< 
 cannon to play with much destruction upon their reM 
 m.u.ses. 
 
m 
 
 [■ was as the batteries were thai playing upon the af- 
 frightened enemy that the undaunted Hindraan, ever in 
 in the front, and whose escape thus far had been one of the 
 marvels of the day, wm seen on Iheerest of the hill waving 
 his cap in triumph. Almost at the same moment his charger 
 was observed to leap high into the air, and falling with great 
 violence, i oiled over and over, apparently crushing the 
 rider beneath his huge corpse. A large shell had struck 
 him in the breast and torn his whole forequarters into 
 shreds. The soldiers, to whom their commander had so 
 endeared himself by bis splendid valor, held their breaths 
 with deeji anxiety, and men who had faced the enemy's 
 batteries so many times unmoved and unblanched, grew 
 pale with terror at the fearful spectacle of the fall of their 
 beloved chief. Inexpressible was the relief, unbounded the 
 joy pi the brave men of Arkansas, Texas and Tennessee, 
 as they saw the trail body of their gallant leader disen- 
 tangled from the crushed remains of his charger, and stand- 
 ing erect, feebly cheering and waving his hat. Then uprose 
 from our whole Line (he loudest cheer of the day. No vic- 
 tory yet won caused such joy and enthusiasm. Still, the 
 noble General had been terribly contused. This, and his 
 great exhaustion, had placed him* hors du combat, and his 
 friends bore him to the rear. 
 
 These brilliant and substantial results we have described, 
 were all witnessed by the Commander-in-chief of our army, 
 who, from the beginning of the light, had occupied a posi- 
 tion near all the critical points. His cool sagacity compre- 
 hended every movement and it« consequences, and with 
 infinite Belt-possession amid a continual shower of shot, 
 shell and Minic balls, he issued his orders to the various 
 ■ orps and divisions to move to the several positions where 
 they were most needed. After the storming of the fifth 
 camp he discovered the shattered condition of Hardee's 
 division, and consulting with Gen. Bragg, the Chief of the 
 Stafti the ordej was quiekly'determined on to bring up the 
 r.serves — j'olk on the left and Breckiuridge on the right, 
 
135 
 
 while Ruggles, with his several brigades, Was to mi>vc 
 against the eentre. "This thing must Ik* done with the 
 bayonet," he shouted along the lines, "EVery Man "i 1 
 he brought into the fight." T'ragg galloped tpwafSs tin- 
 centre to direct these movements. This gallant and 
 gctie officer had also, from the beginning, been in the i 
 of the fiercest of the tight. Two horses had b^en 'kiTfecl 
 under him. Xever were orders more quickly executed than 
 those for the advance of our reserves. They had already 
 pressed forward to the front, and were near at hand to 
 the gaps created by the incessant combat of the morning. 
 Breckinridge's strong column came up compactly and stead- 
 ily, taking the place of Hardee's division, the fragment 
 which, however, still un sated and unexhausted, man 1 
 with the Kentuekians, in a noble rivalry to share in Cv 
 triumph of the day. Polk, too. as ardent and enthusiastic 
 as a young soldier in his first skirmish, pushed forward his 
 brave Tennesseeans, with his splendid batteries, Bankhead'-. 
 Smith's and Polk's leading. A nobly appearing chief, 
 full of vigor and life, he dashed along the lines, inspiring 
 his men by his brave and self-possessed bearing, (lark !■ 
 the First Division, the chivalric Planter-General of "Missis- 
 sippi, among the first to abandon the ease and comfort of a 
 luxurious home, to engage in the perilous conflict for Soul 
 ern independence. Conspicuous on his staff we obff< rved 
 the noble form and dauntless front of that gallanl charapi 
 of Southern rights on another field, Maj. W. U. MeCardle. 
 of Virksburg. Clark's fine division needs no app 
 incentive. It overflows with ardor and impatience for the 
 conflict. The Tennesseeans burning to avenge the Wroi 
 and insults of their State — tin- Mississippians -'; ;: : 
 ''Donaldson" as their new battle-cry — the " bloodj ; 
 ana," Eleventh, with the cold and intrepid vet< ran 
 to lead them, as he led them to victory and glorj i I 
 mont, responded with a shout to the command to forward. 
 
 Meantime, the Chief of the Staff, Bragg, having expl li 
 to Ruggles, in the centre, the order of the advance- 
 
136 
 
 loping in front of the several brigade**, and delivering to 
 each a tew words of encouragement, next proceeded to the 
 right, and held a brief consultation with Breckinridge. 
 And now thq whole army advanced, Cheatham's, the last 
 division, forming close on Clark's, ready to leap into the 
 first opening in the front linos. The fight now became 
 universal. Each line poured forward, and encountering 
 evero hundred yards or so a battery strongly supported by 
 infantry, with the same unvarying result. Often our lines 
 would recoil and falter under the iron tempests from these 
 terrible batteries, but their indomitable chiefs would re- 
 collect and re-form the men and return to the charge. It 
 was in one of these charges that the noble and patriotic 
 Commander-in-chief received the wound which produced 
 his death. The enemy maintained his position with unusual 
 firmness. Three several times did our brave fellows throw 
 themselves upon it, and were hurled back, as if by a resist- 
 less and superhuman power. The brigade and regimental 
 officers galloped along the lines calling loudly for another 
 charge. The lines halted — the men seemed transfixed with 
 horror or stupefied with dismay — they neither advanced nor 
 re ;eded, but glaring at the frightful row of big-mouthed 
 canqon which appeared to cover their whole front, and then 
 at the ground before tneni ; covered with their killed and 
 wound'.- I comrades, they paused, faltered, and seemed to 
 be fast verging towards dismay and panic. It was a critical 
 point in the drama. Unless that battery was forced and its 
 inppdrts driven in, the enemy would have us at great dis- 
 advantage. Johnston perceived this — .Johnston whose 
 actions throughout the day had so changed the ideas of 
 those who had so falsely interpreted his wise and masterly 
 r< treat from Howling Green into proofs of over-caution and 
 lack of daring and energy — who, in his plan and execution 
 of this battle, had evinced a boldness approaching to au- 
 dacity — an audacity that proved to he the highest wisdom 
 '.J 1 !. The sagacious Kentuckian saw and appreciated 
 the imminence of this peril to the army, if the strong po- 
 
137 
 
 *ition now held by the enemy was retained, lie determined 
 to throw himself into the breach — not in a spiritol bravado. 
 of a mere vain-glorious desire of parading his heroism — 
 lea8t of all, from any such petty and ignoble weakness, as 
 that imagined by small minds — a feeling of chagrin and 
 conscious injustice on account of the criticisms and censure 
 that had been so heedlessly indulged towards him by the 
 thoughtless and uninformed — but from a high and lofty 
 spirit of patriotism and self-sacrifice, that looked only at 
 the danger to his country and his cause, which confronted 
 him. Seeing the inability of the other commanders to 
 reform the broken and dismayed line, he rode forward, 
 with the ever cool and undaunted Breckinridge, and, 
 seizing a musket presented it at a charge bayonet, and 
 called on the men to follow. The grand figure of the 
 Commander-in-chief, mounted on a large bay horse, looming 
 up from the foreground, (so conspicuous a target for the 
 enemy's sharp shooters,) seemed to expand to gigantic pro- 
 portions, as he beckoned his men on to the charge. The 
 gallant Iventuckians were the first to follow — Tennesseeans, 
 Mississippians and Arkansiaus caught the heroic contagion, 
 and now the line moved steadily forward at double-quick, 
 and then, with a wild rush, receiving the deadly iron blast 
 as it swept along the slope-*, and pouring over the batteries, 
 they scattered the heavy masses of the infantry in the wild- 
 est confusion. This was perhaps the mightiest effort of 
 physical force and courage of the day, and when it was 
 performed, the tall figure of Breckinridge could be seen on 
 the crest of the hill, waving his cap in triumph, whilst the 
 shouts of his men echoed far off like the roar of many 
 waters. As soon as (Jen. Johnston perceived the success 
 of his appeal, and that his men had caught the spirit which 
 ne sought to infuse into them, and were moving forward 
 with the requisite vigor and resolution. In- rod'' from tic 
 front, and returned to his original commanding position, a 
 little in the rear and on the right, and waited tne result of 
 the assault. It was only when its success was evident and 
 
 
nemywasta retreat, thai one of his aids, perceiving 
 
 blond on hiy i ciously asked if' he was not wound- 
 
 ed. He replied 1 , "Only a scratch!" adding iu entire tin- 
 
 inesfl of self, • Wa-- not that splendidly « : - 
 gloriouB follows ; We b them now." There w; 
 
 pause and a few minut&q of observation and consultation, 
 when evident Bytttptoms of weakness manifesting theui- 
 ide of the General insisted that he should di? 
 mount and hare his wound examined- He did so in a 
 careless and anconcernep manaer. His boot being pulled 
 oft, it wile discovered to be full of blood, and that the purpl' 
 current was ptill flowing rapidly from ;i small wound under 
 the knee. It proved, on examination, to be what Dr. 
 Choppin pronounced the smallest wound that be ever I 
 to produce death in a hale and vigorous man. But an artery 
 had been severed. Though much blood had been lost, tic 
 presence of a surgeon, or the application of a proper 
 ture by any one familiar with the location of the artery, 
 would have saved his precious life. But the humanity and 
 generosity of Johnston had deprived him of the aid of hi.- 
 accomplisbed surgeon, lie was the victim o[' his own 
 philanthropy. In passing through the enemy's camp, he 
 had observed some of the wounded of the enemy snllor'.m: 
 gjievously from their wounds and crying aloud for help. 
 "Stop, ' toctor, and help these poor fellows," ho said 1 
 Vandell of his staff, who promptly dismounted and was 
 eugaged in dressing their wounds, when Johnston ai <f his 
 -tall* were riding forward to engage in the active scene pi' 
 the terrible struggle in front. The Burgeon was therefore 
 absent^when the wounded General dismounted and fell 
 exhausted on the ground, surrounded by his grief stricken 
 staff tie grew rapidly fainter. It was obvious to all that 
 he was sinlqng fast. A tew words of kindness to his friends, 
 and of joyful exultation at the victory 'already won. only 
 escaped him, when in lifteen minutes after he received the 
 wound he departed this life gently and with a smile irra- 
 diating his grave and serious countenance Bosudden and 
 
41 
 
 139 
 
 mournful an incident in the very midst of victory seemed 
 to palsy the gallant gentlemen of his staff. Personally 
 devoted to him by ties and sympathies of the strongest na- 
 ture, by his pure and unselfish traits, his entire freedom 
 from all petty jealousy, his lofty moral courage and fearless 
 personal bearing, they were unnerved by the great calamity 
 which had fallen upon them, the army and the country- 
 Mournfully they bore his remains to the rear, where they 
 were placed in an ambulance, and sent to Corinth. 
 
 Thus fell Albert Sydney Johnston, the second General 
 in the Confederate army. A native of Kentucky, a eadei 
 from Louisiana, a long resident of Texas, these States may 
 claim to share the honor of contributing so noble and 
 brave a patriot and soldier to the cause of Southern Inde- 
 pendence. A soldier of the Texan war of independence — 
 a successful and brilliant chief in the Mexican war. he had 
 appropriately closed his noble career in a great battle for 
 the rights and independence of the South. His name and 
 virtues, and his heroic sacrifice, will ever be held in warm 
 recollection and affection by his grateful countrymen. The 
 melancholy intelligence of Johnston's death was quickly 
 communicated to Gen. Beauregard, who occupied it promi- 
 nent position near the centre of the army, where he was 
 actively engaged in superintending the formation and ad- 
 vancing of troops. "This is sad news, indeed. "he exclaimed 
 to his aids with a deep sigh. "Gentlemen, to your ho 
 we must go to the front ;" and quickly the staff* were .ill 
 mounted, and escorted by the fine troop of the Louisiana 
 Jefferson Mounted Guard, Capt. Guy Dreux, the General- 
 in-Chief now proceeded rapidly towards the front. Mean- 
 time the whole army had been set in motion, chiefly under 
 the direction of the ubiquitous and indomitable l>ragg. 
 Kvery division, every brigade, every regiment was brought 
 into requisition, and in turn was hurled againsi th< enemy'i 
 linca and batteries. Clark, on the Left) had Led Lis division 
 far into their camps, making many dc In 
 
 one of these, Russell's brigade, in which wa* our lighting 
 
* 
 
 140 
 
 I- • liaiai ■." Col. 1". Ma: \ idenly under 
 
 a terribly dcatrnu Tin- brigade faltered at first, in 
 
 ^•.)iit*usioi>. Mora than a hundred <>f the lit: 
 t'lL-ii out down. But ibfl k. :.!i'i *ta'fe again 
 
 hhivered like a w :■ rooky whore. Finally, bow- 
 
 ever, their hid le fortitude conquered, and the en 
 
 were routed and fell back under a terrible tire from Bank- 
 head's. Polk's and Smith's batteries*. 'Die casual tl 
 
 ..ults were terrible. The gallant Marks had been 
 nd his youthful Major out down with a severe 
 wound, aud now the Lieutenont-Colonel, Barrow, and the 
 heroi- I ■ ; ■ 'ii. Ed. Austin, of the Cannon Guards., set to 
 work vigorously to restore order and confidence to the 
 mutilated remnant of that once strong regiment. Stewart's 
 brigade, oi the same division, sharec 1 a like' fortune and 
 like triumphs. The gallant Polk, of the Polk battery, in 
 bringing his guns into position, fell severely wounded. 
 Many others, officers and men, of these brigades, were in 
 like manner placed hors du combat. A shade of grief and 
 distress darkened the calm and Kcrene countenance ■ of the 
 gallant General of the corps, the patriotic Polk, as riding 
 down the lines he observed the fearful gap which had been 
 made in his corps. 
 
 Cheatham's division had got fairly in on the extreme 
 left aud was actively at work. Our whole line began now 
 to assume a linn order and continuity which it had not 
 before had. Bragg took charge of the right aud- centre, 
 and Polk of the left, and both pressed the enemy with un- 
 broken steadiness and vigor. The enemy gave way slowly, 
 retiring towards his camp, lighting whenever the ground 
 afforded a favorable position for a battery, and for their 
 legion of sharp-shooters. Ruggles, near the centre, -had 
 held his division chiefly in reserve, throwing forward hi-- 
 brigades to support and aid those engaged in assailing the 
 batteries. Anderson had already stormed and carried 
 several of them. Gibson's had performed like service near 
 our right, and Pond's Third Brigade was ordered -on like 
 
141 
 
 duty,, but by some mistake the brigade was not held well 
 together, and when ordered to charge, Col. Monton, of the 
 gallant and steady 18th, found the whole burden of the 
 charge thrown upon his small regiment, which gallantly 
 obeye^j. but was fearfully out up. In all that army there 
 was. no. galianter or abler regimental commander than our 
 Creole Colonel, not one who bore himself so like a veteran. 
 Wounded in the face, his clothes riddled with balls, he 
 maintained his position in front, keeping his men well 
 together, and driving them ahead with resistless might. 
 The confusion incident to so extensive a formation, under 
 such a terrible tire, with so many inexperienced ofheers, led 
 to sad mistakes, by which several of our regiments suffered 
 at the hands of their own friends. The Orleans Guards, 
 wearing a uniform resembling that of the enemy, were fre- 
 quently tired upon by our own troops. The gallant Creoles, 
 however, never faltered or shrunk, but though embarrassed 
 by their isolated position, cut off from the rest of the 
 brigade, they marched forward, charging and routing seve- 
 ral bodies of the enemy. This battalion, and our noble 
 < Srescent Regiment were left pretty much as orphans, to 
 take care of themselves. They groped their way through 
 the forest, hunting for the enemy, and throwing themselves 
 on every side where they were needed. The Crescent, 
 after marching through the enemy's earn]), proceeded 
 in the direction of the river, to dislodge a strong force of 
 the enemy, which wan firing with great efTecl from the 
 cover of some cotton bale.- and a hedge in an old held. < \>]. 
 Smith, leading his boys ga'iantly intc the field, gare Un- 
 order to charge, and as ii was done with steadiness ami 
 vigor, the enemy flying from their e<>vt.-r through the h 
 which the Crescent occupied, and from an old 1. „ h. un- 
 opened upon the enemy, who had halted :i short distance 
 off. This drew a heavy i'uv of nauskei/y upou the I 
 oentn, from which, they suffered aotty« ^asuakies. In the 
 meantime the enemy having established a battery to ■Weep 
 
142 
 
 tlic field, Col. Smith, with great sagacity, moved hie regi- 
 ment oft* under cover of the woods. There he fell in with 
 a strong force, which had been formed by Gen. Polk, to 
 surround a largo encampment of the enemy. 
 
 The Crescents arrived in time to participate in this, one 
 of the mosl glorious events of the day. The troops were 
 quickly formed, the most dangerous and prominent position 
 being assigned to the Crescent. The order was to eucoiu- 
 pass t lie caiii]. on all sides, and open upon it a heavy fire. 
 A force of cavalry were ordered up to cut off the retreat. 
 Unfortunately it did not arrive in time, but the infantry 
 regiments quickly gained their position', the Crescent lead- 
 ing. It was a large encampment, evidently of two or more 
 brigades. A short resistance was made, a few volleys fired, 
 but the Crescent and several other regiments poured a 
 heavy lire into the camp from across a ravine, and then 
 tiling around were about to charge, when the enemy ceased 
 tiring, and several white handkerchiefs were seen waving 
 irom muskets. The troops ceased firing, and an officer oi 
 the enemy, who turned out to be Adj. Gen. Morton, came 
 forward to Col. Smith and offered to surrender the whole 
 >' >i'< . < leu. Polk now rode up, and presently Gen. Prentiss, 
 commanding one of the divisions of the enemy, came out 
 of a lent, stepped forward and surrendered. The officers 
 of the command generally remained clustered around the 
 G e n eral, and the men collected in groups through the 
 ■ amp, having stacked their arms. The absence of the 
 cavalry, however, enabled a large number of the prisoners 
 to titcape towards the Tennessee river, and we only suc- 
 ceeded in capturing about 2700, including three Colonels, 
 four Lieutenant-Colonels and about forty Captains. They 
 were all of the division of Gen. Prentiss, and belonged to 
 Missouri, Illinois. Ohio and Iowa regiments. They had 
 arrived but a few days before, and declared that they were 
 completely surprised, and had no idea we were near when 
 the attack was commenced. The prisoners were sent to 
 
143 
 
 the rear, and G-en. Prentiss and staff wore escorted td 
 Beauregard's headquarters, which were now established 
 
 near the centre of the enemy's camp. 
 
 The whole army had now passed through and beyond the 
 enemy's camps. What remained of his force had been 
 driven now three quarters of a mile beyond, and was heavily 
 massed towards the river, under the cover of several large 
 batteries in position, and of a plunging and vertical fife tff 
 shells from the gunboats, the commanders of which, know- 
 ing the relative positions of the two armies, could now throw 
 their dangerous and destructive projectiles so as to inflict 
 no damage upon their own men, and to produce great con- 
 fusion in our ranks, fn this they achieved no little suc- 
 cess, Our regiments were frequently thrown into confusion 
 by the bursting of shells in their midst and around them. 
 The Crescent, which had moved very near the river, came 
 in for a large share of these terrifying missiles. The more 
 dangerous Minie balls produced no such terror. The 
 enemy being unseen added to the nervousness of our men. 
 
 Our infantry was m>w utterly worn oui. The men fell 
 down in the ranks from sheer exhaustion. They had 
 f>ught tor twelve hours, an incessant and unparalleled 
 tight, routing and pursuing large bodies of infantry, and 
 performing such prodigies of valor as. if fully related, would 
 fill a large volume. The infantry are now no longer 
 available, even if the enemy were within reach, lave to 
 hold him in his preeeat exposed position until the cannon 
 • •in all be brought to play upon him. Our regiment- me 
 
 ■wrel\ cut up, many of them disorganized, broken into 
 detachments that wander around seekingtheir commander.-. 
 There is no demoralization, no fear — not all the horrors 
 and dangers of the terrible and uninterrupted conflict have 
 affected their unconquerable spirits. The wood- for miles 
 are full of the wounded, and the hospitals are crowded. 
 Iv.ery .-pecies of vehicle i- employed to Conduct them to 
 the rear. Hundred.- are borne on litters or on blanket-. 
 The surgeons are now busy in their terrible labors. Targe 
 
14-! 
 
 details, too, to attend the wounded, have further reduced 
 my. An<l now the whole array is collected in advance 
 of the eu< my's camps, with the fragments of brigades and 
 regiments consolidated with little reference to their original 
 formation, lint Breckinridge, now some distance in ad- 
 vance, what remains of his division well together. 
 and Cheatham is not far oft' defending our left. Both these 
 officers have performed wonderful exploits of gallantry, en- 
 duranec and fortitude. The high soldierly qualith 
 Breckinridge tilled all beholders with amazement. The 
 oldest regular officers of the army bestowed the warmest 
 eulogies upon him. Xot alone his personal heroism, but 
 his amazing self-possession — his infinite patience and tact, 
 his quick sagacity and unerring judgment — were theme.- 
 of universal admiration. Wisely now was he assigned the 
 position of guarding the enemy, and holding the advance 
 of the array. 
 
 It was in tk . . tin i my fell back through 
 
 his camps, now stretching along an open country — on hi 
 large parade grounds — on one of which b spacious Bquare 
 had been carefully cleared and leveled, where Grant intend 
 .•d in h<.|d a grand review on Monday, the 7th April — it 
 was heise that his greatest losses had been incurred. lli< 
 dead lay in heaps and thiekh strewn in every direction. 
 
 The artillery were ail hurried forwaid to complete the 
 work. Thirty-six of our best guns were now brought into 
 position on a ridge at a distance of three-fourthfl oi' a mile 
 the enemy's main body. There was the Watson 
 heavy batt» ry, of Breckinridge's Division, among the first 
 to take its place, under the fearless and skilful Beltzhoover, 
 who had already performed several brilliant feats in aid of 
 Cheatham'- movement. In this battery the liheral and 
 patriotic gentleman after whom it was named, who had 
 been instrumental in putting ii into the field with his own 
 means, worked at the guns as an artillerist. There, too, 
 was the battery of the still unwearied Robinson, of Mobile, 
 whose truna were tho handiwork of one of our own found- 
 
ries, Leeds k Co — and .splendid guns |thcj were. — which 
 had been incessantly engaged all da}-, performing anions 
 other notable, exploits, that of silencing and rupturing a 
 large battery of the enemy without the necessity qf an in- 
 fantry support. There were Bankhead's powerful pieces, 
 which had been hard at work during the day: 1 '< >l] v '.-. 
 Smith's, the Jefferson county (Miss.) battery, and (Jiranhy 'a 
 Washington Artillery, of Augusta, the only representative • 
 of Georgia on the field ; and last, though far from least, our 
 owji Washington Artillery, which, too, had had no pause 
 during the day in its gigantic labors and constant pn ■ 
 over all obstacles, utterly reckless of the enemy's 8t5ro 
 batteries or of his swarms of sharpshooters. These gun.- 
 took up position and opened their lire. They had tilled 
 their exhausted caissons from the enemy's maga; ', 
 vigorously they set to work to iinisli off the victory of the 
 day. Such firing was never perhaps before heard on this 
 continent. The gunners emulated each other in the 
 celerity of their loading and priming. For two hour- were 
 these inci'>s:iut volleys continued, mingling in one horrid 
 roar tluit shook the earth for mile., around, .;nd filled the 
 heavepa with sulphurous vapor and odor. Kvery dcjsi pju 
 lion of projectile was called into use. .did], uaiini 
 round shot, pcreus ion shejls, Janie»' -h • poured 
 
 upon The enemy with relentless fury. lie replied from 
 some of his remaining ba. md from kkuc liekl \\.>rk . 
 
 established near tie' v\\ ( r I > pi'..o i ■; ; .il.whil! the 
 
 gunboats unceasingly threw their large sholJ.^An < 
 direction ove'r the camps and Held.- occupied by our troop . 
 T^hese -hells, thrown with recklt ■ it unty and wide 
 
 range were exec .;■. k ajtapjring^and i.' uijicji 
 
 damage, wounding and killing many of our men. Bui the 
 otheT practice of the encm) produced little effect upon 
 ba'teries or our tro >]■■ . \ \ asj amount i 
 wa consumed in the prolonged exchange of 
 the Batteries ; but fnum the portion of tin 
 in an exposed and open locality, crowdin 
 
14C 
 
 riser, our ii 10 must haw indicted a heavy 1' •• But the 
 shades of evening began to darken overthe cens The 
 curtain of night was about to tall bti the bloodiest tragedy 
 ever enacted oh this continent. As long as there wa 
 
 freak oflight by which a gnu could be armed, our inde- 
 fatigable Artillerists wonld rrtake use 6t it. Tbit now the 
 • larknr- . ..nit"- to the r.'lii't' of iln' tTistrn ted ami perse 
 <-nt"o! foe with undeserved mercy, draws over him a 
 
 hi.'M And affords him the respite and secTlrlty for which, 
 ihfoiiiihoiil llr.il long day, be li.nl doubtlc. I ervenlly 
 
 jria -. <••! W'hai refieFihuftl have been Hire kindly fntgrp 
 
 tnre ! Nothing raofe can now he done. <nn- 
 I >>t t : D linibcr^n up; Some re'nrttfu in their po ition- 
 
 ..th-i-.-, return to the r&rap, that Urn men and ffOrftes may be 
 
 rel'ie. hed and the caissons refilled. One of'thcsC Wfi our 
 
 I it'fh (.'ompany. ftp- 'the highest Joy ami exnltatjou over 
 tlii-ii iiiumnh ami their gal la n1 deeds, fhosfc cliivalric young 
 in, mi lu.iiih returned to tTje ramp of tin- eneYrty. Ami 
 th. m'.I .1 sbene which gave n suitahh' ami appropr! 
 
 a i, conclusion .to thi «i \i<-c- t ,i' the day. THe Their fornled 
 inline the Captain thanked them for ttfeir gan\-Ufl and 
 , Hi, i. ni eMiiduct ami then Mr. V. fcf. Thayer, a Well known 
 ;,nd greatly esteeiued citizen, in the name bf his eonira/N , 
 proposed that tliey should aii km el and oiler up a p rife or to 
 .\hii'iL r ht\ Cod lor their safely ai'ul their t riiiinph. .\ 
 prayer was udad Uy Mi*. Thayer', in his peculiarly iinjfrea -ive 
 
 ',.•. iVoin the ('oininoii I'raycr r.ool:. Sergeaiif Hikcwell 
 added n few words of elpqtreYil thankfulness, and the whole 
 . < .mi >n it v .uttered ;i solemn "Aiii'ii." Rarely has llicr'e 
 
 n exhibited so aubrime n display of natural fMetj :i thai 
 of those -.dlanl young men, w ho had keen all day engaged 
 m the wildest scenes of mortal destruction and lckle 
 (taring -who had nol had a moment for reflection or 
 thought, for any gentle or tender emotion, now kftficfing in 
 the midsi of an enemy's camp, siirroiiftflctl hy tire dead ami 
 dying, and all the desolating, consequence^ of a deadly ami 
 .ei conflict, and offering %> rVrveni prayers to 
 
117 
 
 Almighty God for his care, protection and aid in the hour 
 df danger and trial. 
 
 THE BATTLE OK Sill Lo II 
 
 A NIUIIT OP ANXIETY. 
 
 The rest and refreshment in the inglorious wimps of the 
 enemy, so greatly needed and so fondly anticipated, by cuir 
 exhausted troops on the night of the Gth April, wore rudely 
 interrupted. Early in the night that invariable effect of a 
 severe battle and great cannonading followed the prolon I 
 struggle of the day. A heavy shower came np and contin 
 ued the greater part of the night. The heaven' had been 
 clear and cloudless, the air warm and balmy during thai 
 day, but now, at night, dark clouds hung heavilv in the 
 sky, and the rain fell in torrents, and the atmosphere 
 hecame suddenly chilly. Our men huddled in the enemy e 
 tents without blankets, or any other covering but theii 
 ordinary uniforms. There was, another source of trouble 
 and anxiety. The enemy's gunboats < ■ontinu.'d firing all 
 night, throwing conical 1 1 • ' I L : into th" flftmps, which 
 exploded with d<\ tructwre effects, scattering small fra« 
 incuts of iron in every direction, and fre< ( ucntl\ ivomidiliji 
 men and horses. Under these depressing c^fcnmstai 
 our army passed tic night. TOotfr Generals ft w.i ' a nigHt 
 of special anxiety, (alen, Beanre^ard and staff had - ed- 
 li : 1 1 . ' I their headquarters in the midst of their Yankee 
 camps near the < > I » 1 log and boarded church or rather me< l 
 ing houee, which had given a name to the battle field 
 
 and anxious con sulfations were held at th. 
 
 quarters. <Jcn. Pftlk,ift apprehensimrbf the encrnj making 
 an eifort to get. in on our lefl flank, had estahlished hi-^ 
 quarters some distance in the rear and on the left Here 
 
 he and sta If passed the nigh! in the mid I ol .'.hi' 
 
 intended ai the amputating hospital, but which had 
 become o general ho pita! This ho »pital qu 
 
u 
 
 .i,-.l wiili ill . i ami 
 - 
 
 t. wliirh v. b harrowing 
 ant •l;!-. •.. the tltroat-r;itth\ the 
 
 pitiful ;ords, 
 -,:<! ir'mml 
 
 :ing a nlafac w:' " l he 
 
 rowing s 
 
 ■ 
 
 ',■'.' have 
 
 loll iu uat i-HUce. Tin 1 
 
 ;u.ii>:il;i 
 . 
 .;.... • rear, 
 
 Hi' miud mi m i . . m ior our 
 
 •us liuil i-ver 
 tin 'liu'l «uir Kearl wrarq tb <iiny 
 
 1,1 : Willi* ii'"i:i 
 
 .:,-...■ :., . I 
 
 , '.: ■ , . ;i"i'! JVil 
 
 :'■ . • . ' ' 
 
 i od ami ii^hieiieo 1 1 \ •]><■ " eri'ui 
 
 iu, Uio w ouderiiiJ .. tb wliiol) our wounded 
 
 ., ■ . 
 
 ^phiiou i'.i tlw Noun^vr •■ . . ipjillgd, who 
 
 [\y wounded — many *•!' fcjieiM inuti 
 hurt I to have as liUlo In^d oi' their pains and d.m 
 
 IT returning from the play ground. Kv.-ry tt'bere it 
 •.[ p.u'..ni ih.a tlmoluVr ■•,.- | . wounded 1... 
 
 far UlON :..\i ity an ! . - » : I i » • * i il. h'. ;; 
 
 ami lnoi"'. anxiety as to the cll&raeter of their wmnuls, than 
 '.;.,- , .laii-.-i ••;• soldiers, many oi' thorn >'•'■ • from our high 
 .•h".i! -. 
 
 All t Iu? hospital >ou ci . »v. ,'n-A. TluTO \vci'<' (jew 
 
 buildings near the hat tie- field. These had beeu appropriated 
 }i«. hospitals, but were quite jifWlcquate, ami all the. tents 
 
149 
 
 that had been bronchi by our army were devoted to hosjpital 
 turpoaes. Still there were hundreds who had no shelter. 
 Many remained in the wagons; many, alas! were left ih 
 Hie air, exposed to the cold rain. All that could he done 
 for them w'afe Spue. The surgeons were diligent and iude- 
 fati^abie. Their labors wore incessant. "By dim lights, and 
 in the open air. they were feompelted to perform the most 
 delieate surgical operations. It was cheering, indeed, to 
 ofoserve the universal spirit of brotherly love, the earnest 
 humanity, the entire absence of selfishness which were dis- 
 played by all cfasses in attendance on Ihe wounded. 
 
 The constant .shelling of the Yankee camps by the -nn 
 bo;its early in the night, induced us to shift, our miarfi ■;■■;. 
 and creeping into a Wagon (already pretty well filled 
 with sleepers) near one of the hospitals, we sought a few 
 hours oi sleep. Rut. exhausted as we were, we could only 
 snatch a few minutes 01 broken' and unsatisfying slumber. 
 The groans of the suffering, the cries of those nndcrgninp; 
 tionsj and. more than all, the awful gurgling Bound 
 made by a poor fellow who had been shot through tUc 
 lungs, and had been laid out to die under the wagon in 
 which we lay. was terribly tiding to our nerves and • 
 biiities. 
 
 TIiub the night passed— a night of continual rain. Vfc 
 were arou.-cd before dayligh I bye rapid and irregular fire, 
 extending along" the whole line and over Ihe wfto!< 
 occupied by our troop*. We soon learned that ibi- wnf 
 the firing of our own men. whose guns bad become W< ' 
 and foul from ex • during the vain. Wc no'.', 
 
 eeoded to the front, to learn what was to be (he or<'< 
 tin- day. Repairing to the headquarters of Gen, 
 garcl, w" found thai ever cool and vigilant chief - 
 front ol <ci-' of tin' eiiciiy'- )• nls with his aid-. Ool. Joooh 
 'I 'lioinp«.n. Col. Jordan, Ool..Chiaelni and BCvcral of hi- 
 The (Jeneral wj ring reports from c >uri< --and 
 
 scouts. It was obvious that he intended i 
 l! w.< ring and inspiring to observe, bis calm 
 
I.'.M 
 
 ♦ .-Hon and ; | ion and alertness. There 
 
 .mi' to him < v«Ty minute the most < »»n Hi«-( iii.^r ai c< units ot 
 
 i neiu> h movements. Kii I, it was reported the « 1 1 < • 1 1 1 v 
 
 flanking our right The Gi neral quickly gave an order 
 
 (o send a brigade in thai direction. The order had hardly 
 
 led before another courier contradicted this report, and 
 
 bed thai no enemy was visible in that direction. The 
 
 '.• • 1 1, era remarked to one of his aids: ^'Thiaiaone 
 
 i Motph'e blrad erames, I wi h I had h'mi h< re to help 
 
 in- pleg it out.' Presently rode up Col. Beard, oi Florida, 
 
 an acting aid oi Gep. B., holding hie Kit aTm. which \ 
 
 i 1 mounting, he reported the reconnoisance he 
 had been ordered t<> make thai thi enemy's outpost were 
 not nearer thau three-quarters <»t' a mile from our lines — 
 that fi"in the strength of hi a advance parties i I was obvious 
 thai he intended to renew the battle. In making this re- 
 onnoissance, the. Colonel had beeu tired at by about fifty 
 kuiui. li> i . aud one of the balls had struck bis left arm. 
 
 Tie i ued a number of ordera, which were 
 
 rapidly « .» iii' 1 "i! 'by his eouiiers and aids. Urn- order. 
 which wa feu ad tie moal difficult to enforce, directed 
 . i .* ) pi hi aida to proceed to the rear, and with such <>i 
 our < avalry m could be found to occupy all the roads and 
 event btraggling parti''.-- from leaving the field, and to 
 ■ apture and drive hack to their posts those who were leav- 
 ing. In this way a good many straggleri were reclaimed. 
 Man\ were induced to return by the appeals of officers, hut 
 • < uuim!" r excused themselves by the plea of utter 
 t June ti"n. hv w omul: and ickn< : i 'I hers set .up the still 
 veakej • ecu of having losl their oftceta, and not know 
 •■ here t-> fuel their regiments. These reductions and 
 •' < ,i i.altie ..f the day before had greatly thinned our 
 Bui the spirit of those who remained to figfci was 
 ipbroken, Ke^iments and brigades were now mads up of 
 all the fragments that could bo marched to the front. In 
 r • the commanders of these newly organized corps 
 Ktempomed, the authority of any gallantly bearing 
 
151 
 
 officer being eheerfiilly recognized by subordinate^ and 
 l»nvat< . . 1 1 \\ .i.. now light. The heavens were still hung 
 why murky clouds, ami the air wag eold. We were • itting 
 in the cnrin\ ';. cacap, near the staff qj G?u. Beauregard, 
 when the familiar but (lever to us agreeable wbistb oi 
 Mini"' balls began to strike unpleasantly upon the ear. l The 
 enemy must be near," * v»olly remarked the General. r YYV 
 will mount, gentlemen, and go to the front. " 
 
 The Ceueral arrived in trout in time to. witness the ad 
 \;m<e of the enemy. Here the indefatigable Bragg had 
 already busied hiinself in making the best formation thai 
 1 'i-uid be made to naeel the advancing foe. Hardee, with 
 the remnant of his eorps. with Wood's, Hindman 's, i'lial 
 mar's and Glad don's brigade -tbe latter uo loug< r led 1" 
 
 gallant Col. Adam ■. «it' Louisiana, who !ia<l be. u . 1 
 ly wounded on Sunday -.till held the light. Breekjuridgi 
 with what remained . of his division, with Trae en 
 
 ham's and Bowen's brigades, stood, as linn as Gibraltar 
 the hii of Hardee, while Bfagg and .juggles held tfic ■ 
 treme left of our lim with the remaimler of their fin< 
 division, eked out l>y a portion of Cheatham's and Clark'- 
 divisionof 1'idk'.- ■ <>rj» .,; while <ieii. Polk, with tin r< 
 mainder of his.orj. ., brought up a strong reserve to support 
 eiiher division in the front that might need aid. Tin 
 • rai batterie- were placed in the most favorable j... hi. .11 
 
 in lie regard to brigade; . 
 <teu. r.eam ; ■• the fight, \va • 
 
 I with huzza.-. A few word of cheer ami eueourAj 
 :i- . • 1 . uttered \<y him loth i 1 omniaudi 1 
 
 [)Qi • i I • ww ii" time now for f pi 'I'h- 
 
 bearing down en our grcatlj weakened lin< .ith 
 and boldness v. hi< h ■ aii.Wied • • ho 
 
 ivcd them ilia* they liad 1 . . | 
 
 apprehended thai Uuell's whole arm\ had i- ■ b 
 Tennee ■• . Tl was coi Hi m m 
 
 intelligence ol . < 
 
 We bave no n ! : .thle information even now thai uoli n in 
 
152 
 
 be bad reached him. It was regarded jnotdpfoba- 
 bte that lie should be reinforced by Wallace's division, which 
 had abundant tii up from Crump's Landing, 
 
 e it had arrived from n rcouI towards Purdy. Brcn 
 
 divi of eight or ben thousand meti would have 
 
 r»cen :i most valuable reinforcement, competent to (urn the 
 cale^of battle between two armies whieh had already been 
 engaged in the exhaftsting and prolonged conflict »>f the 
 day before. A rouoh smaller reinforcement of fresh troops 
 for OUT army would have, enabled us 1<» Complete tHe work 
 of Hie day before— -indeed,* would have made one dfTy'sjdb 
 of it. Many thought it tli. best utri » have pushed 
 
 the fi .Id to ii conclusion oh t In ■ firs! day. and that our army 
 might easily have Keen induced to advance under the lire 
 of tip and ifiiidi.'ats. and thus have ar- 
 
 eomplishcd the end much more efficiently than by the long 
 and furious bombardment of th€ artillery; It wm pretty 
 i \;d. lit that that bombardment had not produced the effects 
 
 ipatcd iVom ft. Prom the quantity of shot and shell 
 (ircd by our thirty-six pieces, we bortdufled that the » many 
 
 iihili t d. 1'ut we had npl learned what a 
 quantity of ammunition may bo wasted m a battle. We 
 did learn on this occasion how little die, live the best artil- 
 lery is without being followed nta by that weapon which 
 determines, the n ulte of battles, the invincible musket. 
 The enemy did not give Hardee, the ever reliable, observant 
 and careful Hardee, long. to complete and strengthen his 
 division. They began the attack near the river, with a 
 
 force of 1 infantry and several batteries. The vigor, 
 
 spirit and ccBblntion of this assault surpassed any of their 
 
 of the da} before. Hardee met them with unbroken 
 
 and unexhausted valor. The batteries opened ter- 
 
 and ihe whoh' line-, on l.oth sides, seemed to be 
 
 wrapped in a bright Same, From the constant fire of the 
 musketry. This was one of of the 
 
 two d.iy ■•. It was maintained with "Teat obstinacy by both 
 parties. The two opposing lines oscillated With the varying 
 
153 . 
 
 results of the conflict Now the enemy — and now our lines 
 would ]5e presscfl baotcward. oomcdFthc ba&eriefc changed 
 bands several times. Ai o\w timb tlic enemy would over- 
 power and drive b*ack the Infantry support of abattcryjjnfl 
 oobaiil possession of it, and then by a like advanee of our 
 iiifajitry would be despoiled of hia trophies and routed. 
 Thus our own .~>th company, Washington Artillery, was 
 twice rescued from theni — once bv the 1st Missouri, under 
 Cpi. Rich, who was himself badly wounded. Ai the same 
 time fell that gallant young officer, so well known and so 
 much heloved iii this community, Capt. Sprague. On the 
 second occasion the Washington Artillery, which was 
 always getting into dangerous places, and often too near 
 {he coven of the enemy's sharp shooters, who seemed to 
 take a special grudge again sj our gallant boys, was saved 
 hy a timely charge of the Orescent-;, who, pouring a heavy 
 volley into the enemy, enabled the artillerists to limher up 
 and haul oil* their pieces to the rear. The losses, of both 
 the 5tn company and the Crescents, on this occasion, were 
 heavier than prj the day before. Ci was inihis couflicj thai 
 noble offidc)' and gentleman, Oap!. Graham, of the Louisi- 
 ana Guards, Co. C; of the Crescent Regiment, fell at the 
 head of his company. By his side tell young Arthur R. 
 Olaik, son of Dr. Clark, of this city, one of the most inter- 
 esting and noble youths we ever knew. [Ie wasjusf scvoii- 
 
 a delieal ful, gentle but brave and manly youth 
 
 now, we canivt recall our 
 las! interview with ihis noble boy without an inexpressible 
 feeling of anguish, lie was an only sou, the idol of hia 
 family aiid i^\' all who knew him. tie said to usj as gaily 
 
 King to the field pf. combat, " I want you to tell my 
 lather how 1 fignl to day; and it I am killed lake my body 
 
 to him. - ' ii- r immii in my cenipauy than 
 
 tha 
 
 - 
 amplcs and m Lu thy - 
 
 conflict fell that tall and mi ' 
 
■ 154 
 
 Campbell, of the. Surotei kith ■■- -;• mosl promising com 
 mander, who had left a -i<k bed to take his post] ip the 
 march ami butties. So, too, fell young Todd— the brother 
 
 of fhe k ' Lady ofthe Wliifc Hon..." who hold bighfevclry 
 after tin' recent decease of her .own son, ami while lp i ">\ i 
 brothei are pouring o.ut Up- blood they derived from a 
 i omrnon parent in Up- defeu e of tip' soil of her and tin ii 
 tore, against tip' hired mercenaries of her husband. 
 Then, too, ifll, either killed or wounded, others of tin b( " : 
 blood of oitr city — young hp'h, who had left hone 
 and wealth] ami doting relatives ami friends, in reqpou e 
 t<> tip' 6W1 of our iralhini Louisiana chief. Anion-- the 
 wounded there was not one which excited gn ater anxiety 
 ami alarm than that heroic ami dashing officer, Lieut Slot 
 cotnb, 61 tip 1 •'•tli company Washington Artillery. Hi 
 bearing during the (wo days had drawn upon him the ad 
 miration of the whole army. II*' li.nl shown -"tn-t liin;-. 
 • veil more valuable limn the in. > i brilliant courage, ami 
 daring. Thai was no rare virtue in our army, lint with 
 it Slorouih united the most cai'elnl attention to every detail 
 of duty— a perfect knowledge of all the appliances ami 
 rul^ior the efficienl use of artillery, ami wonderful <pii< L 
 nesfnn seizing every advantage ami in controlling his nn n 
 ami even his horses. Struck by a hall in the breast, H was 
 believed that the wound was mortal. I>ut he would uol 
 
 leave the tiehl until his n-iins were all timbered up and 
 borne safely out of the reach <>t' the enemy's infantry., tie 
 then galloped to a hospital. His faithful horse, pierced by 
 a half dozen bullets, bpre him some distance -indeed t « » 
 the very hospital tent ; and wdicn he was lifted from 1 he 
 addle, the iiohh- animal lay quietly down and breathed hi i 
 
 last. 
 
 Bui these incidents have carried us ahead of the regular 
 order of otir narrative. After sustaining, with various 
 fortunes, tin 1 VigOtOtte 0HSC1 of the enemy on our right, 
 
 Hardee perceived tlie enemy uioying a large force tow 
 his left, us if to force hack that point of his lines, I hi. I. 
 
mridge wn.; as ■ jtiirk fo perceive bke movement, and briBg? 
 in«; - his men up handsomely, gave flic order to charge. 
 Most effe, fually was lliis Oftarge made. The enemy reeled 
 
 .m<l fell back, hroken ;in<l disordered. Meantime, Hardee's 
 batteries opened upon them with great vigor. But still, in 
 large hodies, tlie enemy continued to press fovwftrd Oft dttwn 
 points, and uow tlie whole line became engaged, and the 
 battle raged with great I'iut. Through tlie cloud of smoke 
 and the storms of hullets and balls, the creel and dauntless 
 figure i of Bragg and 1 'can regard could be Sees galloping 
 from point to point, reforming and reorganising < "ip . fill- 
 ing up lines, ami urging the men forward. Thenceforward 
 the haftle became the Severest and m v.i hardly contested of 
 any ever fought on this eontiucnt. We had hut lo,<)00 to 
 contend will) : ',0,000 or Jo.000. Pveryhody WAS nov 
 
 ■••(1 in the content. Pvery corps Wft8 now hrought, into 
 the thickest. It wa, . in fact, a series of battles. Ruggle's 
 division, from its original position of reserve, was thrown 
 forward into the centre ,,f the hattlc — all the regiments 
 engaging hriddy in the eonlliet. Tt would he vain in our 
 limited attempt a description of the operations of 
 
 all the variou corps. 
 
 Pull justice cannot l>e done unlil all the reports have been 
 made and r large hook might he made up. of even brief 
 description., of these exploits. Suffice it for q£ hero to s:i\ 
 Louisiana had a targe -hare in the eomhat, and thaf no 
 soldiers could have home Ihem elves more nobly in this 
 ierrihle conilict than those of our several regiments. W* 
 i annOt mention any parficular corps without being regarded 
 a - invidious : hut in spite of this danger, we must bear 
 •'iiinn\ to tie h and dauntless bea 
 
 0§ ( ol. M.-nton. of ihe 1S<|1,, who received Kifl ■', mid or 
 third wound in lie- conflict : fco'tfte ' • ■ 1 1 " i • < ■ .or with 
 
 which k'eichard led that fine regiment the 20th 1 rmisiana, 
 
 whose l.ienU !i:mf-( "ohuiel. the true ;ind hr:i\c Ham l'"od. 
 
 the thickest of the fight. 8o, too, the "hkx 
 11th," still without the veteran Colonel ami their d 
 
for, I'ut in good hands when led ay the ehivalric Lieu- 
 ut-< '.il.'iH-l. 1 ;« »bi-it M. r.anvu. aided hy the yOUttg 
 
 : ■• pid ( ':l]»t. A U- 1 i ii. ; >uii,;.1mI. Ali tl' 
 
 regiments had suffered dreadfully in tl ftay 
 
 hefofcB, 1 nit with tlir rem nanus of oiher Louisiana regime 
 they still mustered their thinned ranks in froat* Whilst 
 battle was thus raging all alemg tin' centre aji.l right, 
 Cheatham never relishing the position <>f reserve, had" 
 itolen around on the 1- ft, and encountering a lai 
 the enemy, which mem pnosaing r<>r\\ ;ir.l ia that direction, 
 made one of thu most slendid Qhavges thai had yet heen 
 made by our troops. This wa- done with Stephen's} Doug: 
 las's, Vaughan's and Preston Smith's Tenne 
 (icn. Beauregard seeing this charge, clapped hishauds with 
 joy, and declared th;it it was the grandest charge he had 
 eve:- wit m\-.-' '.1. Driving the enemy hark ihree hundred 
 
 rda, Cheatham new occupied a hill from which the [\>r 
 had been dri\<n. and establishing his batten i opened 
 upon the enemy OUC <jf the un-si d< st rneti . 
 
 suffered, h was on this occasion thftt Ch'Tiiiam. 
 \ lew artillerist \\ cc hi. \-> man his gnus, dismounte.! 
 and set to work vigorously as a -miner.' With sueh an 
 example, no wonder that thoeo hatleries were worked with 
 I ueh pOW er and died. 
 
 Though the Kentucky regiments bad heen tcrrihly eut 
 up in the desperate charge SO opportunely math' bv ihek 
 inridge there remainod enough of them to execute bhe 
 order to charge a large body of the enemy stationed on a 
 
 hill. The ;;d and -llh Regiments leaped forward at the 
 command, aiid rushing forward found themselves contend- 
 iug with several thousand of tlie enemy. The shots Wi 
 howcred on them from the right and tie- left, and the 
 front. Their attack and position were in many respe 
 
 like those of the Light Brigade at l?alaklava. Here the 
 Keiiimkian- lost in a lew priuQtcS more than in the whole 
 ju-evious day's fight* I; was here that Lieut. Jpol. Hines 
 and Qapt. Knuekh »s a and ('apt. Leu. Monroe, were wound- 
 
157 
 
 etl j and here if was while gallantly leading his men to the 
 ■saperate chatge th«4 the gallant Major Monroe received 
 
 the shotlhav. i.erminaied hisnsefnl lite. Iu justice" to the 
 memory of tin- noble dead, ;« n * 1 as an ineentive to the aspir< 
 inj;- yonny men of cm- eonntry, we propose to dwell ft)P fl 
 moment upon the history Of this youthful hero. 
 
 '■led from a family that gave a President to the 
 . ill'- -T.'jiilsoii of that (icii. Adair who. as 
 
 rnor of Kentucky. Senator, and milifry ehieftain, has 
 '"!> ;.n immortal name, lie inherited bfood that has not beon 
 disgraced in his veins. At the age of twenty-one he -was 
 
 ■ i M;i\>ir of Lexington, though he was a prominent 
 1 Vuio.Tat. and the town btirfg in the heart-of the Ashland 
 District^ was almo :■(■ unanimously Whig. His ahility soon 
 :, t ; r:i^ tori attention, and he was selected by the stock hold- 
 aimton Statesman to edit that paper. •This 
 he did tor several years ahly and fearlessly. In I860 lie 
 was ma<le Seeretar of Slate, though but 26 yaiv < > I < 1 . < >n 
 the election of Lincoln, himself and his aged father, who 
 had been appointed CJ. S. dinlev by GrOH ! . Jacfcson, imme- 
 diately took position with the South. Pay alter day the 
 Lexington Statesman issued from the presft filled with i'ear- 
 l nilly written articles in favor of our cause, 
 and it is a well known fa--t th:;t so long as yotfng Monroe 
 remained the adviser ©f Gov. Mau-«>!lin, that weak man 
 favored the ■- ithei'n cause. It was only when he loel the 
 
 rfal support? of this yonthtnl adviser that he went to 
 leray. At iength the Monroe-, the -ray 
 
 I lather and two sons. \,ere driven tp>m their hot 
 Yo'iii'.'- T. J'.. Monroe, cm the recommendation of CJen. 
 i'.urki;..-. wns immediately appointed Major, and th< 
 forth ■ ■ . day and night* to preparing hi- - 
 
 rnent for duty. Ai Bowling Green he snared Bb 
 :; degree Jehnston'i confidence, in Breckinrid 
 that liis regia kneed fifteen rmtas in stdvat* 
 
 all the rest of ihe army, exc.pt I lindnian'- Arkai 
 ade. # 
 
 i 
 
1. 1 
 
 \l:ij. >r M"!i!.m' foughl ail day Sunday at the head of liia 
 regiment, part of the 6 mo oaimaading. Ili> horse was 
 twice wounded. <>n Monday, at aboul I o'clock, a ball 
 
 • I through hia body. Be was removed to the hospital, 
 u here la- lived two homy* \\<- aid he could uol complain 
 at hia fate — it was what a soldier anould be always ready to 
 expect, and then sending messages to hia family, hia laid 
 himself iu tin' arms of his wounded brother at hia tide, and 
 Ilia .-pint passed away. Lie leaves a wile la daughter of 
 Judge Grier a of tbe I . S. Supreme Court and two infant 
 children, lie was 1m. in in Krankn >i i. Kv.. and died at the 
 
 • i' 28. The army being compelled t ( > fail back, and 
 there being an insufficiency of ambulances, his body waa 
 i v 1 1 in. one el the tents; hut a Bag od tm. <• sent bj - 
 Breckinridge brings the intelligence thai hid I ►« >• 1 \ wast with 
 his 1'wrmer friend-, and would l>e decently interred. 
 
 The lose of, the Kentucky Brigade exceeded 58 percent, 
 and \\a> larger than that pf an\ ether brigade in the army. 
 
 Bui we <;inm»t mention all Che riiuri i i, all the valorous 
 . Hoi i> id' Kin- gallant arms. Tln\ were uniformly siici 
 
 fill ; hnl attain tin' enein;. wmild return wi<h iinn.i I ! 
 
 immbera and renovated vigor, We could always whip them 
 back, hut it was always al fearful aacriliee. UareJy did the 
 men hesitate or falter in obeying the order to charge. 
 Whenever they did, nine of our chiefs would .•!..,• the Sag 
 
 .Hid hear it ahead, and then with ft yell the men WOllld i u- h 
 
 alter him. ( >n inofe than Oneoocasioi] did Gen, Beauregard 
 . ei/.e the opportunity df a momentary hesitation to Lead OH 
 the charge. On one of felneae occasion . wlien passing the 
 l.attalion o| (iarde d'Orleans, now ii dined tb little oyer - 1 
 company, be grasped their beantiiuJ Blandaru, and si touting 
 •Allon me- braves lamisianois en a\ant.' lie galloped 
 forward, the w hole line following with an irresi. -tilth' i m 
 pule. This little corps of (iarde iTOHeaus had sm Oil c< I 
 iua\ily. It had he< >|] treated as a regiment and left toper 
 |..rin the work of a regiment, regardless of its numerical 
 weakness. But the brave Creoles jiever shrink from anj 
 
159 
 
 peril, especially when led by the gallant Qucrouz ; and, 
 wheil he was wounded, they wen 1 directed by that splendid 
 soldier, a voluntaer for lliis occasion, Major Dumonteil, wlio 
 had served in the French army, and had been engaged in 
 
 SoHle 6f tin 1 severest battles on the eontinent. ( bi'Sumlav , 
 when the battalion had been inconsidoiately ordered with 
 tlie t&th and 16th kouisiauTi Uegiments to attack a power, 
 till battery of the enemy, supported by a large force of 
 infantry. Major D. volunteered to pioneer them, and, at 
 ureal personal risk, approached within a short distance of 
 id- 1 enemy's position through a tremendous storm of bull- 
 Thus charge of the (birdes d'Orleans was one oi' the most 
 desperate of the day. Nearly half of the battalion were 
 truck do\rn by llie enemy's big guns and musketry. In 
 justice to (Jen. 1'ond we should here state that though he 
 made this order, it was giyeu him by a superior officer, and 
 he prod, fed against it. During the lighting of this bat 
 talien bli both days, the bravest man perhaps in the whole 
 corp- w as that meek and pious, but fearless priest, the 
 R< \. Mr. Turgi s, who thrOOghout these bloody days never 
 
 tion near the eblort of the regiment, save to 
 
 i cndci- aid to the wounded, to administer religion con o 
 lation to the d\ ing, and to sc.iire the bodies of the dead. 
 
 In the discharge of these duties he wa ever the last man 
 to leave the field, mid even when it was occupied l, v the 
 enemy, he remained behind to look after some of the 
 .ended: Whil.-t supporting one of the wounded men of 
 the<;.ode d^Orleans, several of the enemy's balls pa . I 
 
 through hi clothe , and olie between two of hi. In 
 
 tic \ were pre'ssiiig (he breaj t of the wounded man. 
 
 '1'he ., aill'iet had now continued fr-m 8 o'ch> k \. M. till 
 
 I I'. \|. The . ■ 1 i « • I il \ had I >«i (I lep, ;il..,||y < | | 1 \ < 1 1 (Volll hi 
 
 po. iiiou, but tbi --. Hue eemed to be to exhaust and w< 
 out our men. Thus far he had had tome ucce - in thi. 
 
 strategy'. Oftr I" i< had 1 u \>w beavy. < > u i rank 
 
 were growi eptibly wcakei the ujeu till iudomtfa 
 
 b|e I n proportion to the uumbci . ualti< 
 
I6Q 
 
 ere much greater thaj^u the battlo of th» It 
 
 was now after three o'clock, wheu Gen. Bcauregajd deter- 
 mined to withdraw the army. Tni " dmirahly d 
 Bragg, with I^etcnum's aud other batteri 8, and several 
 regiments of infantry, engaged the attention oJ the eu< 
 on the left, whilst BrecMarjdgo. held hl'm sequrply on the 
 right. Among the regiments stillkepl i • hy Bra 
 were the lenqinants of several from Liouisii 
 - now rc'cTiicctJ to companies, but were still at their | 
 There were what, was lefi of Pond's brigade— tlie 1 
 own regiment, the 17th, under Lieut. < lol. J 
 which wi'nt into the fight very weak, and ha.l now, been 
 further reduceu by the pon&tanl conflicts fbrouab whioli it 
 bad passed tije r.'th, Co^. Elodgps, another fragmen&iw, 
 regiment, hut brave and tfue, what was lefl of it. lVmd, 
 on the left, was stoutly maintaining his gTOUB,^ and had 
 brought up two guns <>\' Barns 1 battery, which, in couuinc- 
 t Ion with (.Cetchjum « battery^ directed per •naily l-y Bra 
 played with etf'ecJ .upon tlie on pressing enemy. Tl 
 small bodic . ]!• < rvin- a hold front, kept the enemy I a. k 
 whilst the remainder of the army withdrew to the rear, 
 taking up the march tq Corinth. This was done with little 
 confusion, and without panic or alarm. 
 
 When the main hody o{' the army had thus rutin i. and 
 W< re -del\' started ei) route t'oi Corinth, Br; ;' 
 
 inndgej supported by several batteries, and CQVcrQiP.by 
 (• Stanton's, Wirt Adams's :ind ferry's ca . alr\ , Blowly retired 
 in gpot] order, Bragg himself hein-- the last man to leave 
 the Held. Now and thru the line would be baited to re. 
 
 the enemy, who slowly and languidly followed. A lew 
 volleys from our musketry and our batteries would <mi--kly 
 check bin progress. In the meantime the hroken fragments 
 of the iv-t of the army took ihe various n>ads hack to 
 Monterey. A few of the wounded, who eould Il6l he re 
 
 moved without endangering their lives, remained beWind 
 in the hospitals. Some pf our surgeons remained with 
 them. Anions; them was Dr. Breedtove, tlie faithful,, brave 
 
101 
 
 and efficient Burgeon of the 20th Louisiana, in this order 
 our whole army fell back to Monterey, about iii mik ■, from 
 the held of battle, and here Breckinridge ami Bragg hajtcd 
 and encamped. The enemy halted near Mk-hies. aboul 
 three mile/ from the Held of battle. Ikkh skJ <1 \>> 
 
 be utterly exhausted by the terrible oonilici.. of ibe two 
 days. A large force of cavalry was thrown in from o 
 positions, which kept a close watch ami 
 the enemy, capturing many d the 
 
 battle of the Till of April, t'a^most bloody, iletctmbied ami 
 stubbornly contested eonilict ever fought on this, contincjrt, 
 in which less ili. ;n 15,000 (Southern volunteer, proved the 
 equals of a splendidly appointed army <>!' CttX,QU& , f i|,,. 
 best soldiers of the great Korthv, 
 
 :_o_: 9 
 
 THE BATTLE 0? A 
 
 : in; mi m on 'i in; u 
 
 With the first l)reak of dayligkt the heav\ poamlin 
 the enemy's Vinson their rb_d, ! tin- 1 >.\ t i i< ■ b< 
 
 and for one hour the sullen booming was uninterrupted b- 
 aught save their own adkocs. McCkllan had initiated the 
 attack. Jackaau-aad Lawton (coffinaandiug UweH'a tlivi 
 aion,) — alway. in time— had come rapidly fi iu.nl dnriie. 
 the nie'hl, and were in posiliou oiroilT i leji. \\ foal 
 
 pgth ami confidence we all 1 V • ! 1 in t i i . < 
 the man, v \S(on< vv;,ll" Jackson* \ ami 
 
 o'clock the Federals advanced a fir;'-.' bod 
 iioi'tly after the mail] body Of tfiC 
 
 livision ten. 
 
 The iire now b. i and in \- >•! o 
 
 aj Bnt distim cutivi 
 
 tumultuous chorus^ thai i ih tr< milks Tin' 
 
 •liseb | ou the tai in. 
 
 , a thou and di aiu t drum . wld otnr and 
 
 1 
 11 
 
Wr wlio were upon the centre eotflo! Bee little or nothing 
 of this portion of the battle, hut . pall of 
 
 Above fl i knew too well fl 
 
 bloody Work 
 
 .!< outminibeftd us three to one. Their 
 • titrated spoil thit sin I to turn our 
 
 left, and for two hours and a half the fide of battVe ebbed 
 and i 1 >wed aKernatt-rr for' and Against hs* ^til! onr b 
 
 igfit desperately, pcrbaps ad they n< 
 Wh ■ - -.-.•■ re Btvept^tway before (In- iron storm, 
 
 i i 1 was i with i 1 and the dead, 
 
 I Pa old division, overp*vi sfad by superior numbers, gave 
 back. Efood, wiili xans, the Eighteenth GFeorgk 
 
 and the Hampton Legion, rushed into the (-Jap -and retrieved 
 the loss. Swell's men, rallying on this support, returned 
 to the ag\iti and adding their weight to that of the fresh 
 thusiastic troopa/the enemy in turn wero driven back. 
 ][,■] i. they made another desperate effort on the 
 
 treine left, and here again 
 
 I hi I riiji'd. Fob a time they franked us, and ourntien 
 
 twly, fighting ovej every iiu-h of grouud. It was 
 
 a trying hour. The Federals saw their advantage, and 
 
 pressed it with vigor. Eight butteries were in lull play upon 
 
 and tlie din of heavy guns, whirling and hursting of 
 
 nd the roar of musketry, was almost deafening. 
 At this juncture Lee ordered I i the supporl of Jackson 
 the division of Gfceu. M< I arhieh had I >« •«.• 1 1 held in re- 
 
 M -r. i d blessing never came more opportunely. < hit- 
 
 men had fought until not otiiy tiny l»ut their ammunition 
 wen well uigh exhausted, and discomfiture stated them in 
 Ihe face. But, thus encouraged, every man rallied, and 
 
 the tiLiht was redoubled in it> intensity. Splendidly liandl' 
 the reinJorcementfl iwepj on like a wave, its blows falling 
 thick and fast oa the audacious column that had so stab* 
 d their way i" ill'- position on which we origi- 
 uaily Commenced the battle. Half an hour later and the 
 e retreating. poinl wi -pursued for nearly 
 
103 
 
 a mile, and last night a portion of our troops on the left 
 siept on Yankee ground. The success, though not deci- 
 sive as compared with our usual results, was complete as it 
 was possible to make it in view of the peculiar circum- 
 stances of the battle and the topography of the countrv. 
 Certain it is, that after the cessation of the tight at 101 
 o'clock, the Yankees did not renew it again at this point 
 during the day. They had been defeated, and all they 
 could do thereafter was to prevent us from repeating in 
 turn the experiment which they had attempted on our line. 
 It was, beyond all doubt, the most hotly contested field on 
 which a battle has taken place during the war. 
 
 THE EIU1IT I 1'i.iX THE CENTRE. 
 
 Soon after the cessation of the light on the left, the enemy 
 made a strong demonstration upon our centre, in front of 
 the division of Gen. D. II. Hill. Here, for awhile, the 
 contest was carried on mainly by artillery, with which both 
 the enemy and ourselves were abundantly supplied. The 
 only ditlcrcnec between the two, if any at all, was in the 
 superiority of their metal and positions, and on our pari. 
 the lack of sufficient ammunition. Battery after batten' 
 was scut to the rear ekhausted, ami our ordnance wagons, 
 until late in the day, were on the opposite side of the 
 Potomac, blacked up by the long commissary trains, which 
 had been ordered forward from Mnrtinsburg and Bhep- 
 herdstown to relieve tl e '■,•<■■ of the army. 
 
 A- indi ajted in the former pari of this letter, oej artil- 
 lery, waa posted on the nrnmii - of the line of lulls which 
 ran from right to leti in I tl.,- town. That of the 
 
 enemy, with 0110 I v Cption, Wit 00 the ground at tie- ha--- 
 of the lilm- Kidgc. and upon tli, various cTimn ix.'s f I ■ i _— 
 
 side. A ithgle Federal battery was boldly thrown' over the 
 Bridge on the tiimpike, nine handred or i th,,- 
 
 yard- in our front, and held h m until disabled with 
 
 a hardihood worthj of a h<-tt- ...t now i 
 
 all the positions of the^iffcient batt< rie — onl which 
 
L saw. v iffQthtf '.vi' i..;'v i, • _ . 
 
 into hundred gtihe. 'i an cqodl 
 
 number, yon may i m:! lt'i n< what n filled the 
 
 air. and lio^r unninir of heavy balls and 
 
 :i..v. teaiiiiL'- their way through the trees, now bntst- 
 
 inl throwing their murderous FrOgmcnta on even 
 
 • bnryins Ives amid a cloud 6f hi the 
 
 earth, always where I 
 
 The exchange of iron corfcplij eon kop< np from 
 
 v : i i-i % morning 1 1 o'clock I 
 
 and increase in scwJrity. 
 oould 1"' ' 1 1 . t i 1 1 < -t i . i ■.;;<•:. i;.i. rjTn fhe 
 
 ground beyond, movi if in prcpAri advance. 
 
 if in the «ii tan. i 
 iiK-ni as troops <»nly by the Sunlight tha their 
 
 ■ 1 1 ■ • i ■ •, \vi:ilc considerable numbers were within eaunoi 
 .|<-li:nill\ ihr.ntiny ilu'ir i!a^ in Mir.' t';i' • . Ai L2 o'clock 
 iiMin thai a}K'\ of the 1 u m j >i kf was truly n,a;j;nili- 
 ,-i.t. and tin* eye embraced ti jriettire sueh a to the 
 
 lot mM'.-w nun to I"" . »0. 
 
 i'i-..i!i twenty diflereul s;: iid [jox»1 voliinw 
 
 moke were every Is tan< kaping frena the 
 ungrj gun . d v ii" twr v?aa US-tad with the while t'a: 
 hones that Uoated awaj ; takfs. M<J« 
 
 I **n I »i 1 1 :_•• to and fro, loading, tiring and handling tlkfi arid- 
 lcr\\ and now and then a hearty ycH would repel i ih 
 amid the lumnlt that s]m »|<i> of death or di ai tw Prom some 
 
 v. < 1 1 aimed hall. Kef . re n ■ \va> ihe enemy. A 
 
 ai two had crossed the river; ami rnnniuir In sipiad .; from 
 the woods along ii: bank . v.i-n trying 6n form a line. 
 -iidd<-nlva sin.- 1 1 Tali.-- among them, and a not Inland an< 
 until the thousands scatter like a Bwijrw of flu disap- 
 
 pear in tlto w<>- ■! , A :->■<■« >in I linn- the elk&r\ is made, and 
 uid failure. Then their ia a diversion. The 
 batteries of the^Federols open afresh.; their inland 
 auotiicr point, and finally tlu'\ sneceed in cifccfin&'a lodg- 
 ment on i his sid<v 
 
In., 
 
 • 
 
 Our troops, under lb II. Hill, inert them, ami a. iiercc 
 battle ensue:; in the center. Daekwards, forwards, surijine; 
 ami swaying like a ship in a sionn, the various ci ilumut arc 
 seen in motion, [t is a hoi place i « >r us, but i( is a hotter 
 still for the enemy. They are directly umlrr cur guna, ami 
 we mow (hem down like grass. Tbc ra.w levies, sustained 
 by the veterans behind, conic up to tin 1 work well, ami 
 figh't lor a short lime with an axoitcmenl incident i«> their 
 novel experiences of a battle ; hut noon a portion of their 
 line gave way in confusion. Their reserves come u|>. ami 
 endeavor to relrieve the fortunes of Hie <fay. {)\w eeuir ■•. 
 however, stands a; lirni a., adamant, and they fall back, 
 Pursuit on our part is useless, for if we drove (he enemy ;\\ 
 :'ii on tin.' oilier side ol' the river, it would be a-aii? I the 
 ■ -de of ilit* mountain, v hdre one man fighting for his lite 
 and liberie, di-cbolincd or undisciplined, would be equal to 
 a dozen. 
 
 Meanv.hile deadly work ha.; been going on anions our 
 artillery. Whatever they have made pth? r. nearly 
 
 all the companies have suffered severely themselves. The 
 11 j and shells of the enemy have been thrown 
 with wonderful acqwaey, audi dead and wounded men. 
 s and disabled caissons are visible in every battery. 
 The instructions from General bee are thai there shall be; 
 no Tnorc artillery duel -. Ins! dcavocing 
 
 tp silence the i his artil- 
 
 lery I e the fire of their air . lly, and 
 
 leli\ a- their own ayain.-; the federal in ran try. The 
 doiii of tlie UQ i viih the 
 
 overwhelming numb; ; 
 
 1 us at l' 
 
 adjiiB 
 
 to and again did the i :ly pr«vs 
 
 . 
 
 l kill 
 their own 
 
 unbincd clcmci!" which* 
 
166 
 
 beat upon them. It was an hour when every man was 
 wanted. The ihatyAoOtaas ofth* rnonn were pickii 
 our principal oilb inualiy, ami especially those who 
 
 conspicaoui ia the batteries. In tins 
 manner the company of Captain Miller, ftf the 'Washington 
 Artillery, was nearly disabled, only two out of his four 
 guns being 1'ully manned. As it occupied a position 
 directly under the eye of Gen. Longstree^ and he saw the 
 valuahle part it was performing in delendini: the centre, 
 that uihcer dismounted himself from his horse, at. . 
 by his Adjutant-General, Major Sorrell, Major Fairfax and 
 lien. I'l'.iWon. worked our of like gales until the CTlStfl was 
 passed. T.i ->•<• a general oliuei wielding the destinies of a 
 great tight, with its care and responsibilities upon his 
 
 shoulders, performing the dntyoi a common soldier, in the 
 thickest of the conflict, is a picture worthy of the pencil of 
 
 an arti st. 
 
 The result of this battle, though at one time doubtful, 
 was iinally deei<ivc. The enemy were driven acTOM the 
 river with a slaughter that was tcrrihle. A Federal officer 
 who was wounded, and afterward taken prisoner, observed 
 to One of our Office*! that he could count almost the whole 
 of his regiment on the ground around him. I did m 
 .•ver the Held, but a gentleman who did, ind who has been 
 an actor in our battles, informed me that he tfevsr, area 
 upon the bloody held of Manama-, saw so many dead men 
 before,, The ground was black with them, and according 
 
 to his e.-tiniate. the federals had lost eight bo our one. 
 Happily, bhomgh our casualties are very ennsiderable, most 
 of them are in wounds. 
 
 There now ensued a silence of two hours, broken only by 
 
 the occasional discharges of artillery, it was a sort of 
 
 breathing time, when the panting combatants, exhausted 
 by the battle, stood silently, eyeing each other, and making 
 
 ready, the one to strike, and the other to ward oil' another 
 ering blow. 
 
167 
 
 THE EIGHT ON THE KldllT. 
 * It was now about 3 o'clock in tlie afternoon, Inn not- 
 withstanding the strange lull in the storm, no one believed 
 ii wonhl not he Peoewed before niudn. [utelKgenee had 
 eonie from the rear thai Gten. A. 1*. Hill was advaneine- 
 from Harper's Ferry with the force which Jackson had leU 
 behind, ami every eye was turned anxiously in that i 
 tion. In a little while we saw some of his fcroopa owmng 
 cautiously, under eover of the woods and hill, to the front. 
 and an hour more he was in positi >n on the right. Here," 
 aboui : o'cloj k, the enemy had made another bold demon- 
 stration. Fifteen thousand of their troops in one mass 
 charged our lines, and after vainly resisting them ft were 
 ■•lowly givittg back fcx tperior nnmlx 
 
 Our total force here w ip six thousand men, and 
 
 had it not been for the admirably planted artillery, under 
 command of Major Garnett, nothing-, until the airival of 
 reinforcements, coild have prevented an irretrievahle d»- 
 
 I ktlOW h 3€ ©f ihis mi-ilion mi the field than any 
 
 other, hut from those who were engaged, heftrd flowing 
 
 en1 befeari h-of Jenkins' Cr'n^de. an<! 
 
 id and Twentie I inder the 
 
 c •■■!!).(.!■• I • . Cot. Conii last two r 
 
 d subjects of comment, be . the 
 
 splendid manner in whm ely met and de- 
 
 feated seven • enoiny, who advam 
 
 a bridge, and were e: ane a pooifi m on tlii^ 
 
 side of the river. They fought until the* i 
 to pieces, and then retreated only because they had tin d 
 their last round. It was at this juncture thai tbe ttnmebee 
 Yankee : I ihe river, and made the 
 
 our line which well nigh proved aeaecede. The 
 arrival ol GK \. 1'. llilh r, wuth ffofeh b 
 
 entirely changed tic lay, and aft- r an 
 
 obstinate contest, which 1. k until 
 
 the enemy were driven into and l 
 
 Durinrr tfeifl fight, ttoe F« 
 
flauking a utl capturing a battery belonging, as I loam, to 
 
 •rigade of Gen. T tly dismounting froni 
 
 and placing him . flic head of hi oommand, 
 
 the < leneral, in 1 ivc way. briefly told them tliat the 
 
 the life "i' cv.ty man in 
 !m6 bi . ud then ordered them te follow him. Follow 
 
 him they did into what jam of destruction, 
 
 and after a shod l>ui fierc jle they had the sati 
 
 tion of capturing the prize and restoring it to the ori 
 
 \ HISTORICAL i'Acr A.BQUT BOMBARDMENTS 
 
 TIF1-: (\\f,l!;!!K 0¥ A FLK! 
 
 'i'lic following named steamers, under the chief com- 
 ii] and i I Flag Officer -David <;. ETarragut, made the attack 
 its St. Phillip and Jackson and the I rrato gun- 
 
 boat . :i: 3 A. M.. 2Mb April, 1862 \ 
 Hartford; Richmond, Pensacola and Brooklyn* each 
 ing twenty-six 9 iaeh gone, two 30-poiindei rifles, two 
 under howitzers, in then; tops, which were pro: 
 by a bulkhead of boiler iron; Mississippi, nineteen 8-inch 
 . two U-pounder howitzers, in thetopa; Yaruna, eight 
 
 H-inch runs, tour Impounders, [67 ewL) two 80-ponndei 
 rifle . eue t&pouudef howitzer ; ( >neida and Iroquois, each 
 
 (wo I 1-ineh pivots, six 82-poaadera, one 30-poiinder rifle, 
 ■mm- U-pounder howitzer. The IVnsacola and Brooklyn 
 had each one ll-im-h gue in addition tfl their other gomv 
 
 The W'eMlield. Miami ami Kalahdiu, each six gufl 
 which one w;i an 11-ineli pivot, one .".O-pounder rifle, lour 
 Harriet Lane, six gunaj Kiitaning, nine 
 guiia; miling'sloap Port m-ut'i. sixteen vin.h guns; two 
 infer riilcs fourteen 8-inch gnm; ;:nd four hir 
 
 men fjcon ihe Colorado, uuahle to gei over the har, were 
 divided amongst the squadron. The Bteam, gundjuats 
 
■ 169 
 
 L'iuola, Cijfton, Cayuga, [tasca, Keriticbcc, Scibta, Kanawha, 
 OWasko, Winona, WissahJckon", (widow Higgrns,) Kjnso', 
 each carried One lH-3h.cn. pivot, one 20-pounder rifle, btic 
 12-pounder ho two 2 l-pounder howit: • •;• . In addi 
 
 tioh was Porter's mortar Hfeet, numbering rweriiy-ohc vca 
 ach carrying one 13-ifreh mortar, two 82f-]pbuhae¥8 — 
 3 ' cwt. Total number of vessels, forty-eight. Total nnin- 
 bcro4 nd mortal's, '■"•'■•'>. of which there were twenty 
 
 11-inch, one hundred and four 0-inch, forty-nine 8-inch, 
 ! eventera Sfrpounder rifled, eleven 20-pounder rifles, eighty- 
 four 82-pottnder : the remainder being howitzers. These 
 ships were manned by ahout six thousand men. Only 
 thirteen vessel's passed the forts during the battle* - ; the 
 cemdihder were driven hack. Forts Jackson and St. 
 rhillip mounted about two hundred guns, of which number 
 nincf atieths were o2-pounders and 21-poundcrs. 
 
 The ( rate gunbOata numbered iourtccn only, and 
 
 carried . aus. "When the enemy's vessel- p. 
 
 . v\:\ they Wei v the gnnbbatS, hut the superiority 
 
 of lh" r.ca.1 tliat it was impossible to contend 
 
 against them. The Louisiana, iron-clad, lay between tile 
 forts; Bd did ffrc Man i d McRftc, te%ving only a few 
 
 little steamers to fight tliis Immensely superior fbrce. The 
 ;'. S. steam sloop Verona was the only one of die enemy 
 attacked and sunk* 
 
 Tin. BUR«— APPEARS 
 
 ,,\i: d tlio battle Rold oi 
 
 f the 
 
 M : 
 
 tton, Li 
 
 l.-nd li<> j 
 
170 
 
 I reeling. Between the ieiu . a .»i a road to-day, in the 
 of one hundred yards long, I counted more than two 
 hundred soldiers dead, lying where they fell. Oven 
 and a. re- they are strewn, singly, in groups, and sometimes 
 in masses, piled up almost like cord-wood. They lie— 
 with the human farm indistinguishable, others with m> out- 
 ward indication of where the life went out— in all the 
 
 strange positions of violent death. All have Mack 
 
 There are forms witli every rigid muscle strained in 
 fierce agony, and those with hands folded peacefully apon 
 the bosom, some still clutching their guns, others with arm 
 upraised, and single open finger pointing to heaven. 
 Several remained hanging over a fence which they were 
 • limiting when the fatal shot .struck them. I saw the body 
 of a x»ldier who was shot in the act of climbing a fence. 
 It remained hanging where he was killed. Four halls had 
 entered his hack and one the side of his head. 
 
 It is .strange what a difference there is in the ritiou 
 
 of human bodies, witli reference bo the rapidity that change 
 .'U after death. Several bodies of soldi. ts strewed the 
 ground on the hank, in the vicinity of the bridge. They 
 fought behind tree- and fence-rail ami stone-heap barri- 
 cades, as many a bullet-mark in all these defences amply 
 
 attested; but all that availed not to avert death from these 
 poor creatures. They had been dead at le.e-t i'oriy-eight 
 hours when 1 looked at them. Almost all of them had 
 become discolored in the face and much swollen ; but lucre 
 was one young man with his face as life-like, and eveu his 
 eye ho bright, it seemed almost impossible that he could be 
 dead. It was the loveliest-looking corpse I ever beheld. 
 lie was a young man not 25, the soft, unshayed, brown 
 beard hardly asserting yet the jftillnees of its owner's man- 
 hood. The features were too small, and the character of 
 the face of too small and delicate am order to answer the 
 requirements of masculine beauty. . In death his eye was 
 the clearest blue, and would not part with its surpassingly 
 cjontlo, amiable, good and charming oxprcjcion. The face 
 
171 
 
 was like a piece of wax, only that it surpassed any piece ol 
 
 wax-work. 
 
 One other young man, beardless but of brawnier type, 
 furnished another example of slow decomposition. His 
 face was not quite as life-like, still one could easily fancy 
 him alive to sec him any where else than on the field of 
 carnage; and strange, hifl ftteewore an expression of mirth, 
 as if he had just witn thing amusing. A painful 
 
 sight especially was the body of a soldier who had evident- 
 ly died of his wounds, after lingering long enough at least 
 to apply a handkerchief to his thigh himself, as a tourniquet 
 to stop the bleeding. His comrades were obliged to leave 
 him. and oat surgeon- and men had so much to do that 
 they could not attend to him in time. Perhaps nothing 
 would have saved him ; but perhaps, again, a little surgical 
 aid was all he needed. How long he dragged out his Les- 
 sening pulse in pais no one can tell. 
 
 NOTKS OF TITK HATTLE OF COWXTli. Mi.-- 
 
 I'ARINU OF UEX. W. L, CABfcLL. 
 
 <>u Saturday morning Cabell's brigade, of Maury's divi- 
 sion, was ordered to charge the formidable fori on College 
 Hill. They advanced unhesitatingly at a charge bayonets 
 to within thirty yards of the position before they were fired 
 upon, when they were a<vfui!y slaughtered* BtiU onward 
 
 •vent, after returning the tire, with their dan 
 
 ral at the head. When they reached the entreucb.monts 
 
 < Jen. Cabell boidly mounted the enemy'- parapet, closely 
 
 followed by his command. The fir.-t man he encountered 
 
 ; ! Colonel, wl kke oommaiid to kill thai 
 
 d — d rebel officer. Cabell replied by making a light cut 
 
 id placing the Yanke. officer hon dm am- 
 
 \ | mgb '• . ' ■ • ■ had gained tin threshold 
 
 ot the enemy, a tire at a few yard: . which nothing could 
 
 withstand, compelled them to fall back^rith bu* a handful 
 
17:2 
 
 remaining of their courageous brigade, which came ptil ol 
 the three engagements with nol more than 400 l< it itnin- 
 jured. Gen. Cabell was afterwards injuiod by a foil from 
 his liorsc. Major Jones, the former commandant < 
 
 : Tupelo, was kill<'<! i;i the first chrtrge' en th< 
 trciiehmonts, while daringly leading his men n> tlie chi 
 !!.' was an offieor young in year.-, am! known for his ability 
 and eon rage, and is lamented by tin 1 whole i ommnnd. 
 
 <a-x. GRE.BH !;i:iai.vi:s jii: svas I OOI at. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Green, <>f Missouri, commanding bb< 
 
 division, was one of tin' most prominent men upon Ihotield. 
 His own brigade was the fire! to enter Corinth; and ; 
 tratod as far as the Tishomingo Hotel. This whs the" critical 
 moment of the day. This brigade, forming Price'e centre, 
 had surmounted all obstacles in their way, carrying en- 
 thmenl after entrenchment, until they found rhemtelvc : 
 in the centre of the enemy's position. Lovell wn to have 
 encountered the enemy on the loft, arid thus to have 
 polled a withdrawal of a portion of his forces from the 
 centre, while Green continued to force their centre back. 
 
 »me reason •wMch is not deemed altogether sati 
 tr.i'v, Lovell failed to do this, and the {federals throw tin ir 
 whole centre upon Green and eompeliod him to retire, after 
 having at snch cnonnou- saerineea gained the position' 
 Prior to his forcing the enemy from their position, he 
 ;m aid to < leu. 1'i'n-e. laying that there were b'eavj 
 guns in front of him, which disputed his further pr< 
 Price replied, "Then toll Gen s Qtcen to fake them: - ' and 
 take them he did — there being thirty in number — but being 
 i to retire after gaining po lesaton of them, ho was 
 obliged to relinquish this heavy armament to its Original 
 owners. Ono of Priee'i staff riding by, cved (Jen. 
 
 < S-reea coveteti with gore from head to hoels, and asked him 
 if lie had sustained any injury, lie replied, that his ' 
 bad beeii shot in the nook, and dismounted to stop tin 
 of blood, when another bullet pierced the animal again, 
 
173 
 
 but without fatal effect. The General was attempting to 
 staunch the wound, when .still another ball struck his 
 in the forehead; and which after a few convulsive plui 
 caused hi.- death. The bullets continued to pour Lot and 
 }\:'^\-y, cutting ort twigs and brandies, and one seraped the 
 skin oil:" of Gen, Green'e hip. He turned around to I by- 
 stander, and quietly remarked : * ; I believe those d — d 
 scoundrels are trying to kit me !" If tuefa waathcir inten- 
 lion, they certainly came as close to this brave officer. as 
 they possibly could without injuring him. 
 
 ACK3 F CONFEDERATE i;UAV),i:Y. 
 
 It is the concurrent testimony of all who witnessed it, 
 that the charge made by the head of the rebel col nam on 
 our breastworks, on Saturday, has no parallel in this war 
 for intrepid^ obstinate courage, ami none to excel it in 
 history. I have conversed with many officers of all gradi . 
 who express th4s opinion, and make no attempt to conceal 
 their admiration for the men and discipline that couW face 
 is leaden storm of our forts and batteries; 
 sweep across the field with closed ranks, despite the yawn- 
 ing gaps made by every discharge of oar guns ; and actu- 
 ally mount our works and plant their banners there, in the 
 
 ■. The 2d Tertaa infantry, 
 
 r Col. Rogers, lead the charge, aad the Colonel him- 
 ,cl! fell on our breastworks, with the colors of his 
 in bis baud. A piece of paper was found m mm/, 
 
 giving liis name, age, rank, command, him! the add!r 
 friends. After tlio battle bui four of hi entire rcjjimcnl 
 alive, and three of tin wounded ai 
 
 i prisoner* . An officer who witnessed it declared lie 
 .-< ;nvel\ knew which to admii : the daring bi 
 
 of the rebel troops, or tie that repulsed and 
 
 scattered them despito their determine.! and obstinate at 
 
 In ..,:; fid utter disregard i 
 
 eommoii in eveiy quarter, in both ai nd it wa 
 
174 
 
 rally a tog of war. in which each confessedly met a foeman 
 worthy of his steel. 
 
 A JIERU. 
 
 Gen. Van Dora, while ridim the Line on Fri 
 
 enconntend ■ afissouri private with his face covered with 
 blood and his hand pressed against bis jaw. The General 
 inquired if he was wounded and where he was going. He 
 removed his hand, disclosing to sight a broken jaw, whieh 
 he commenced working with his hand, and replied as dis- 
 tinctly as he c<>uld. in broken sentences, "Only got myjaw 
 broke — they're giving 'em hell back there — be back i 
 soon as ran get face fixed up — just go down there ai ■ 
 what hell these Yanks are catching," and in half an honr 
 afterwards, with bandaged face, he returned bo his company 
 to go with them through the balance of the bloody straggle. 
 
 THE MOST EXTRAORDINARY MARCHES ON 
 
 i;i;coim>. 
 
 The late marches oi Gen- Stuart aud of Gen. Pleasanton, 
 as reported from Harrisburg (the first ninety-six miles iu 
 twenty-four hours* and tin- last seventy-eighl miles in the 
 same time,) surpasses anything of military record, it is 
 stated in Gen, BLalleck'fl work 00 Military Aim and Science 
 that Caesar marched the legions from Rome to the Sierra 
 
 Morena, in Spain, at llie pate of twenty leagues a day. In 
 the campaign of 1 sou. Maedonald, wishing to prev< nt tho 
 escape of an enemy, in a single day marched forty miles 
 crossing rivers and climbing mountains. ( !lans< I, after the 
 battle of Salamanca, retreated forty miles in twelve hours. 
 In 1814, Napoleon, wishing to form a junction with other 
 troops for the succor of Paris, marched bis army the dis- 
 tance of Beventy-five miles in thirty-six hours. On the day 
 of the battle ot Talavara, in Spain, Gen. Crawford^ fearing 
 
 that Wellington was hard pressed, made B forced march 
 
175 
 
 with three thousand men the distance of sixty-two miles in 
 twenty-six hours. In 1803, Wellington's carafey in India 
 marched the distance of sixty miles in twenty-two hour?. 
 
 It is said that the English cavalry under Lord Lake 
 marched seventy miles in twenty-four hours. 
 
 The Kirby Smith brigade of cavalry during the late ad- 
 vance into Kentucky marched one hundred and sixty-five 
 miles in seventy-four hours. 
 
 As a general rule, troops marching for many days in 
 succession, will move at the rate of from fifteen to twenty 
 miles per day. In forced marches, or in pursuit of a flying 
 enemy, they will average from twenty to twenty-five miles 
 a day. Only for two or three days in succession, with favo- 
 rable roads, thirty miles a day may he calculated on. 
 Where marches beyond this occur, they are the result of 
 extraordinary circumstances. 
 
 A GRAPHIC SKETCH OF THE BATTLE OF MANASSAS — (FIRST BATTLE.) 
 
 Gen. John-ton had arrived the preceding day with about 
 half of the force he had, detailed from Winchester, and 
 was the senior officer in command. He magnanimously 
 insisted, however, that Gen. Beauregard's previous plan 
 should be carried out, and he was guided entirely by the 
 judgment and Buperiorlocal knowledge of the latter. While. 
 fore, (Jen. Johnston was nominally in command, 
 Beauregard was really the officer and hero of the day. 5Ton 
 will be glad to learn that he was this day advanced from a 
 Brigadier to the rank of a full General. Bui to the battle. 
 
 At half pas* six in tbc morning, the enemy opened fire 
 from a battery planted on ;> hill beyond Ball Run, and 
 nearly opposite' the centre of our lim i ■ battery was 
 intended merely to '-heat the bush," and I pyour 
 
 attention, while he moved ■ heavy column toward-- the 
 Stone Bridge, over the same creek, npon our left. At 10 
 o'clock, another battery was pushed forward, and opened 
 
i; 
 
 iirc a short distance to the lci't of the other, I 
 
 ;<1 the o it.- lire waa ihe 
 
 of the other. They tired i 
 
 - on this, the southern, : tall Liu , 
 
 the impression thereby thai our <• 
 . ami thus prevent us from seudii . 
 to our left, whew the real at;: to-be in 
 
 <;ar«l was not d by the man 
 
 It might not be amii 
 north of this pjacc, ami runs nearly <iue i . illy curv- 
 
 i round trre Junction, the neari 
 2£ miles. The fcjtone 13 rid miles di 
 
 in a northwesterly direction, upon which our left winy; 
 
 1. Mitchel's Ford is directly north, and 
 miles, by the* road leading to Centrevillc, which 
 miles from the Junction. ( h\ our right is Marion Mills, on 
 am, where the Alexandria ai 
 he Run, and distant lour miles. V; 
 from Fairfax Court Rouse, hy Centreviile, t6 Stoi 
 -■•my passed in front c entire line, i>u : 
 
 ranging from live fo two mile ■ . 
 
 cjock, ! an eminence nearly opp 
 
 iwo batteries mentioned above, ami which c ided a 
 
 full view of the country tor miles around, except < 
 nght. From this j)o';: ild trace the movements of the 
 
 approachiug hosts by the clouds of dust that vo.^ highabovc 
 
 .rroundiny hills. Our left, under Brigadier Gou 
 Evans, Jackson and Cocke, and CM. Bartow, with the 
 Georgia Brigade, composed of the Vih and 8th K 
 had been put in motion, and was ad\jflaieing nj ucmy 
 
 with a l'ore.- of : hout 15,000; while ihe enemy hii 
 advancing upon pur left with a compact eolumu q 
 50,000, His entire force on this side of the Potomac is 
 estimated at 75,000. These approaching columns oueouu- 
 1 each other at 1 1 o'cioi 
 Meanwhile, the. two batteries in front kepi up their fire 
 
177 
 
 upon the wooded hill where they supposed our centre lay, 
 They sent occasional balls from their rifled cannon to the 
 eminence where your correspondent stood. Gens. Beaure- 
 gard, Johnston andBonham reached this point at 12 o'clock, 
 and one of these balls passed directly over and very near 
 them, and plunged into the ground a few paces from where 
 I stood. 1 have the ball now. and hope to bo able to show 
 it to you at some future day. It is an eighteen pound ball, 
 about (3 inches long. By the way. this thing of taking 
 notes amidst a shower <.A' shells and balls is more exciting 
 than pleasant. At a quarter past li' o'clock, Johnston and 
 Beauregard galloped rapidly forward in the direction of 
 Stone Bridge, where the ball bad now fully opened. Your 
 correspondent followed their example, and soon reached n 
 position in front of the battle-field. 
 
 The artillery were the iirsi to open fire, precisely at 11 
 o'clock. By 11£ the infantry had engaged, and there it 
 was that the battle began to rage. The dusky columns 
 which had thus tar marked the approach of the two armies, 
 now mingled with great clouds of smoke, an it rose from 
 the flashing guns below, and the two shot up together like 
 a huge pyramid of red and blue. The shock was as tre- 
 mendous as were the odds between the two force*. With 
 what anxious hearts did we watch that pyramid of nmoko 
 and dust. When it moved to the right we knew 1 hat the 
 enemy were giving way: and when it moved to the left we 
 knew that our friends were receding. 
 
 Twice the pyramid moved to the right, and as often re 
 
 turned. At last, about 2 o'clock, it began to move slowly 
 to the left, and thus it continued to move for two ni 
 hours. The enemy was seeking to turn our left thuds, and 
 to reach the railroad leading hence in the direction ol 
 Winchester. To this, he extended his lines, which he 
 enabled to do by reason of his great nun This w.i 
 
 unfortunate for us, as it required a i irrespond 
 of our own lines to prevent his extreme right from 
 flanking us — a movement on our part which dthu 
 
 12 
 
178 
 
 force of our resistance along the tvholo lino of battle, which 
 finally extended over ;i space oftwo miles. It also render- 
 ed il . fticult to bring up reinforcements, as the 
 further the enemy extended hia right, the greater tin' dis- 
 tance our reserve forces had to travel to counteract the 
 movement. 
 This effort to turn our dank was pressed with great de- 
 until'!! tor five long, weary hours, during which the 
 title, of battle ebbed ami flowed along the entire Line with 
 alternate fortunes, Che enemy's column continued t" 
 ivay t" tin- left like a huge anaconda, seeking t 
 ipe us within its mighty folds and crush us to d< 
 
 and at ouc time it really looked as if he would sue. .1. 
 
 But here let me pause to explain why it was our reinforce? 
 "meut-> were bo late in arriving, ami why a certain other im- 
 portant movement miscarried. 
 
 The moment he discovered the enemy's order of battle, 
 Gen. Beauregard, it is said, dispatched orders to (Jen. 
 . our extreme right- to move forward ami turn his 
 r rear. At the same time he ordered Generals Jones, 
 I and Bonham, occupying the centre of ourlineB, 
 in co-op< rat«- in the movement, hut not to move until Gen. 
 Rwcll had made the attack. The order to Gen. Ewell un- 
 fortunately miscarried. The others were delivered, hut as 
 the movements of the centre were t<> he regulated entirely 
 by those on the right, nothing was done at all. Had the 
 orders to Gen. Ewell been received and carried out, and 
 .- brought upon the field, we should have 
 : the enemy's army almost literally. Attacked in 
 on the flank and in the rear, ho could not possibly 
 except at the loss of thousands of prisoners 
 uud all his batteries, while the held would have been strewed 
 with his dead. 
 
 Finding that his orders had in some way failed to he 
 executed, Gen. Beauregard at last ordered up a portion of 
 
 the forces which were intended to co-operate with Gen. 
 ilwoll. It was late, howover, before theae reinforcements 
 
179 
 
 came up. Only one brigade reached the field before the 
 battle was won. This was led by Gen. E. K. Smith, of 
 Florida, formerly of the United States army, and was a 
 part of Gen. Johnston's column from Winchester. They 
 should have reached here the day before, but were prevent* 
 ed by an accident on the railroad. They dashed on the 
 charge with loud shouts, and in the most, gallant style. 
 About the same time, Maj. Elzey, (formerly of the Augus- 
 ta Arsenal, I. may have his title wrong,) coming down tin- 
 railroad from Winchester with the last of Johnston's brig 
 ades, and hearing the firing, Immediately quit tin" train and 
 struck across the country, ami as a gracious fortune would 
 have it, he encountered the extreme right of the enemy as 
 he was feeling his way around our flank, ami with his brig- 
 ade struck him like a thunderbolt, full in the face. Find- 
 ing he was about to he outflanked himself, the en< my gave 
 way after the second tire. Meanwhile Beauregard rallied 
 the centre and dashed into the very thickest of the fight, 
 and after him rushed our own brave boys with a ihout that 
 seemed to shake the very earth. The result of this move> 
 ment, from three distinct points, was to i- k the 
 
 enemy, who began to retreat, first in good order, and finally 
 in much contusion. At this point tin- cavalry wei 
 upon the perauit. The retreat now became a perfect rout, 
 and it is reported that the flying ■ 
 treville, in the direction • arth bad 
 
 opening behind them. It wae when <"r<t.. Beauregai 
 the final chargo, that hi- hoi killed by i sh 
 
 [ILOfl 
 
 •• Brigadier < leneral < Madden, 
 was in ( lei . i 
 
 by a ball on the first da; •. «a- 
 
 perform'ed hastily bj hit stafi and 
 
L80 
 
 ?h«t. instead of being taken to the rear for quiet and nursing, 
 he mounted his horse,agains1 the most earnest remonstrant 
 
 : al! his staff, and continued to command. On Mondaj 
 he wns again in the saddle, and kept it during the day; on 
 Tuesday he rode on horseback to Corhvth, twenty miles 
 from the Bcene of action, and continued to discharge the 
 duties <>i' an officer. <m Wednesday a second amputation 
 near tlic shoulder was necessary, when (Jen. Bragg sent an 
 ;tid to ask it' he would not be relieved of his command, to 
 which he replied : " < live < ten. Bragg my compliments, and 
 ■ay that Gen. (J hidden will only give np his command to 
 go into hia coffin." Against the remonstrances of Ids per- 
 sonal friends, and against the positive injunctions of the 
 snrgeons, lie persisted in sitting uj> in his chair, receiving 
 dispatches and giving directions, until Wednesday after- 
 noon, when lockjaw Beized him, and hu died in a few mo- 
 menta. 
 
 XORAH NfoOAETEY. 
 
 A REMINISCENCE OF TH1 MISSOURI CAMPAIGN. 
 
 Thus tar, Missouri has the better of other seats of hos- 
 tility for the real romance of war. Most assuredly the fight 
 there has been waged with fiercer earnest than almost any- 
 where else. The remote geography of the country, the 
 rough, unhewn character of the people, the intensity and 
 ferocity of the passions excited, and the general nature of 
 
 the complicity reduced to a warfare essentially parti/an and 
 
 frontier, gave to its progress a wild aspect, peculiarly sus- 
 ccj.til.l-- to deeds, and suggestive of thoughts, of romantic 
 interest. Nom- of these struck us more forcibly than the 
 ►lory of NoitAii MoCabtey, the Jeanie Deans of the West. 
 She lived in the interior of Missouri — a little, pretty, 
 black-eyed girl, with a Boul as huge as a mountain, and a 
 
181 
 
 form as frail as a fairy's, and the courage and pluck of a 
 
 buccaneer into the bargain. Her father wan :m <»ld man 
 a secessionist. She had hut ;i single brother, josl growing 
 from boyhood to youthhood. but sickly and lamed. The 
 family had lived in Kansas during the troubles of 67, when 
 Norah was a mere girl of fourteen, or thereabouts. Bui 
 even then her beauty, wit and devil-may-care spirit were 
 known far and wide ; and many were the stories told along 
 the border of her sayings and doings. Among other charg- 
 es laid to her door, it is said she broke all the hearts of the 
 young bloods far and wide, and tradition does even go bo 
 far as to assert that, like Hob Acres, she killed a man once 
 a week, keeping a private church-yard tor the purpo 
 decently burying her dead. Be this a.-- it may, she was then, 
 and is now, a dashing, tine looking, lively girl, and a pre! 
 tier heroine than will be found in a novel, as will be 
 if the good natured reader has a mind to follow us down to 
 the bottom of this column. 
 
 Not long after the Federals came into her neighborhood, 
 and, after they had forced her father to take the oath, which 
 he did partly because lie was a very old man. unable to hike 
 the field, and hoped thereby to saw the BeCllrity ol h^ 
 household, and partly because he could not help himself; 
 not long after these two important events in the history of 
 our heroine, a body of men marched up one evening, whilst 
 she was on a visit to a neighbor's and arrested her s'nkly. 
 weak brother, bearing him off to Leavenworth City, where 
 he wns lodged in the military guard-house. 
 
 It was nearly night before Norah reached home. When 
 she did so, and discovered (he outrage which had been p< > 
 
 pet rated and the grief of her old father, her rage knew no 
 
 bounds. Although the mi.-N were tailing and the night 
 
 l08ing in. dark and dreary, -he ordered her ho 
 
 here-saddled, put on a thick ish round 
 
 her waist, and sticking a pair of ivory-handled nher 
 
 bosom, started o£l after the soldiers. Th< many 
 
 miles distant. But that she did not regard. Ovoi hill. 
 
182 
 
 throngh marsh, under galloped 
 
 on to the headquarters of the enemy. At last thecal! of a 
 sentry brought her to a Btand, with a hoarse — 
 
 "Who goes there ':" 
 
 "No matter," Bhe replied, --I \\ i si 1 to so- Col. Prince, 
 your commanding officer, and instantly, too." 
 
 Somewhai awed by the presence of a yonng female on 
 horseback a1 that late hour, and perhaps struck by her im- 
 perious tone of command, the Yankee guard, without hesi- 
 tation, conducted her into the fortifications, and thence to 
 the quarters of the Colonel commanding, with whom Bhe 
 was left alone. 
 
 "Well, madam," quoth the Yankee officer, with bland 
 politeness, "to what have I the honor of this visit ':" 
 
 "Is this Col. Prince?" replied the brave girl, quietly. 
 
 "It is, and yourself':" 
 
 "No matter. I have come here to inquire whether you 
 have a lad by the name of McCartey a prisoner?" 
 
 "There is such a prisoner." 
 
 "May I ask, for why '.' 
 
 "Certainly; for being suspected of treasonable connection 
 with the enemy." 
 
 "Treasonable connection with the enemy ! Why, the boy 
 v and lame. He is besides my brother; and I have 
 conie to ask his immediate release" 
 
 The Yankee officer opened his eyes ; was sorry he could 
 not comply with the request of so winning a supplicant ; 
 and must really beg her to desisl and leave the fortress." 
 
 "1 demand his release," cried Bhe, in reply. 
 
 "That you cannot have," returned he; "the hoy is a rebel 
 and a traitor, and unL dire Madam, I Bhall be forced 
 
 to arrest you on a similar suspicion.'! 
 
 Spiciou I I am a rebel and a traitor too, if yon wish. 
 \ oung Mc( artty is my brother, and J don't leave this tent 
 until he goes with me. Order his instant release, or," here 
 bbe drew one of the aforesaid i vory-handles out of her 
 t»>soin and levelled the muzzle of it direetlv at him, U I will 
 
188 
 
 put an ounce of load in jour bruin, before you can eall n 
 single sentry to yonr relief." 
 
 A picture that ! 
 
 There stood the heroic girl; eyes flashing lire, cheek 
 flowing with earnest will, lips firmly set with resolution, 
 and hand out-stretched witli a loaded pistol read} to 
 the contents through the now thoroughly frigbt< 
 startled, aghast soldier, who cowered, like blank paper he- 
 fore flamed, under her burning stare. 
 
 "Quick !" she repeated, "order his release, or you die." 
 
 [t was too much. Prince could not stand it. He 
 her lower her infernal weapon for God'a sake, and tin 
 should he forthwith liberated. 
 
 "Give the order first," she replied, unmoved. 
 
 \nd the order was given : the lad was brought out; and 
 drawing his arm in here, the gallant sister marched out of 
 the place, with cue hand grasping one of his, and the other 
 hold of her trusty ivory-handle. She mounted her ' : 
 bade him get up behind, and rode off, reaching home with- 
 out accident before midnight. 
 
 NTow thai is a fact stranger than fiction, which showswhal 
 sort o\' metal is in our women of the much abused and 
 traduced nineteenth eenturv. 
 
 AN INSTANCE OF [NTRKPIDITY. 
 
 \ i .»rr. spond< ■ ' ommunii i 
 ;ii ■ battle at Mill : 
 
 James Harrison, a brave and sta • 
 
 ! >. lib Alabama at, whilsi 
 
 battery a* Mill, discovering that h bad,bj 
 
 some inexplicable m< 
 
m 
 
 mand, rushed forward in advance of his regiment, shouting 
 to his comrades to follow him. Encountering a deep ditch, 
 whose bottom was overgrown with tall weeds, he sprang 
 a it. The earth on the opposite Bide gave way beneath 
 him, and he landed upright amidst what seemed, to his 
 astonished gaze, a host tit' live Yankees. One. more alive 
 or loss panic-stricken than the rest, clambered up the side 
 of the ditch', and had reached the level ground, when a ball 
 from Harrison's trusty musket, laid him b bleeding, man- 
 gled corpse at his captor's feet Drawing his revolver, and 
 demanding instant surrender, a thrilling cry for mercy 
 burst, from a score of the trend ding miscreants. Mounting 
 the hank, he commanded them to follow him. Again, 
 with ashy lips and pallid cheeks, they begged permission to 
 remain in their hiding place. Regardless of their .raven 
 supplications, he marched them toward the rear, and sur- 
 rendering them to the first officer he met, again dashed 
 into the thickest of the fray, and aided in driving the enemy 
 with ignominy from the intrenchments, which, if defended 
 by Btrong hands and stout hearts, were almost impregnable. 
 
 BATTLE OF CEDAR RUN, VA. 
 
 A participant in the engagement gives a lively description 
 dfa hand-to-hand conflict between one. of the Confederate 
 and one of the Federal regiments. The former advanced 
 rapidly upon the latter; neither fired a gnu, though each 
 had an equal advantage to pour a destructive volley into 
 one another': ranks before they closed. In a few moments 
 their bayorfbts were crossed, and the struggle commenced. 
 Bach mau seemed to have his match, andMicrc and there, 
 aiuid the clash of arms, one man would fall, pierced through 
 
185 
 
 the heart. Around them the battle was raging. Volley 
 after volley of musketry, and boom after boom of artillery, 
 echoed amid the hills. Yet they foughl on with cold 
 as if determined only to crimson their bayonets in one an- 
 other's blood. Bui scarcely fifteen minutes had elapsed 
 before the Federal fronl began to waver, and our men 
 takirfg advantage oi the indication, redoubled their ener- 
 gies, and rushed amid them with unparalleled impetuosity. 
 The enemy broke and tell into confusion, and the Confed- 
 erates, now uncontrollable, dashed upon them, and Left 
 scarcely one in the entire Federal regiment "to tell the 
 tale." 
 
f X I) E X . 
 
 1':.-'. 
 
 Political Review of the Old Union, - - 5 
 
 The Formation of the Confederate States, - - - 55 
 
 Diary <>t" the War, ."»7 
 
 History of Abolitionism, showing the causes that led to 
 
 a dissolution of the Union, ----- 18 
 Battle of Shiloh. By Judge "Walker, - - -in 
 
 Battle of Antii-tam, - . - ... 161 
 
 Abou: Bombardments, - - - l^ s 
 
 Battle of Sharpsburg, - L3l9 
 
 Notes of the Battle of Corinth, - - - - - 171 
 A Story of Shiloh, - - - , - - - - 179 
 The Most Extraordinary Marches, - - 174 
 
 An Instance of Intrepidity, - - - L88 
 
 Battle oi Cedar Run, im 
 
 Norah McCartey, - L80 
 
 Killed, Wounded and Missing during the War, - - 108 
 Confederate Victoria - ... L08 
 
 Federal Victories, - - - - - -112 
 
 First Battle On Manassas 1 Mains, - - - 17o 
 
 A.ppendix, (Diary of "War continued) - - - 187 
 
 An Estimate of the Killed, &©., to January, 1868, 191 
 
1*7 
 
 APPENDIX . 
 
 (Diaiy of tin- War, Continued from rage 107.) 
 
 itnber tCth. Fight at Bolivar Point, Texas. A party of Yankees 
 aitenipted to land and were fired on, and driven back with a loss of five 
 killed and wounded. 
 
 November 27-28. Battle of Cave Hill or Prairie I nton conn- 
 
 ty. Ark. The Confederates nnder Gen. Elindman, repulsed tbe enemy, 
 
 winning a decided victory after two Jays hard fighting. (Confederate 
 
 killed, wounded and missing. Federal lose, 988 killed and 
 
 wounded and 300 taken •prisoners. 
 
 November 28, 29. Skirmishing at Holly Springs. Mies. Confeder- 
 
 rced bo retreat, with a los3 of 5 killed. Enemy's loss, 18 killed. 
 Nov.29--Dec. 1 Fighting near Abbeville, Miss The Confederates 
 compelled to fall back before an overwhelming force of the enemy. 
 Considerable loss on both sides. The Confederates fall back beyond the 
 Tallahatchie River. 
 
 December 1st. Great bombardment at Galveston, Texai Several 
 citizens killed and wounded. 
 
 December 1st. Fight at Snickersville Gap, Va. The Abolitionists 
 rt nted aftt i best, and !i killed. Confederate lots 7 killed 
 
 and 1 8 taken prisom 
 
 mber J. A party of Confederate cavalry made ■ dash into n 
 Yankee camp in Westmoreland county, Va., and captured I s prisoner! 
 • nd destroyed their camps and stop 
 
 The Democrats carried the lal in New Fork by 12.0OC ma- 
 
 jority. Republicanism rebuked. 
 
 :;. Tli • Fan 
 )., fop ;!i Confederal them battle 
 
 mber 3. Fij A large 
 
 ■ nderabk 1 
 the part of tie I Mill T< nu 
 
 Yankees captured on the Rap] 
 
 ml" r 3- 1. £ A bolit 
 
 n pulsed in a >• ral bi ;- ; 
 ember \. Bombardn 
 
188 
 
 their gunboats damaged by "ur batteries Attack on St, Mark*, Fin 
 
 The enemy repulsed. 
 
 December 3~4. Fighting at Walter Valley, Miss Confedi 
 defeated with considerable loss. A targe amount of Confederate store* 
 ami money captured by the enemy. Federal loss 20 killed and 
 vrounded. 
 
 December 4. Skirmish near Tnacurobia, Ala. Confederates taken 
 by surprise and To captured as prisoners. Federal 1< «-«* !• killed and 22 
 wounded. 
 
 December 6-6. Battle of Cofieeville, Miss. A desperate fight to..k 
 place, in which (he Abolition army were completely defeated and 
 cheeked in their invasion of Mississippi. Confederate loss 19 killed and 
 10 wounded, and 100 taken prisoners. Federal loss, 25 killed, 82 
 wounded and lo taken prisoners, 
 
 December 7. Skirmish near Oakland, Miss. The Abolition army 
 commanded by (lens. Navey and Steele, is repulsed by Whitfield's 
 cavalry, and driven back. 
 
 Dec. 7. Claiborne F Jackson, Governor of Missouri, died near Little 
 
 Rock, Arkansas. 
 
 December 7. The Yankee transport Lake City captured at Carson's 
 Landing, Mississippi river. 
 
 December 7. Battle of Hartsville, Tenn. Gen. Morgan accomplishes 
 
 a most brilliant victory over the Abolitionists, defeating them and taking 
 the entire garrison. Federal less, loo killed, 300 wounded and 2,104 
 taken prisoners. Confederate loss 130 killed and wounded, 
 
 December 7. Fight at Preetonburg, Ky Abolitionists defeated and 
 put to rout by Col. Clarkson, 1"" taken prisoners, 90 killed and wound- 
 ed, and large quantities <>i' stores taken. Confederate loss, 1 killed and 
 !) wounded. 
 
 December 8th. Gen. Floyd surprises the enemy at Piketon, Ky , and 
 captures the -place ; over 100 Yankees killed ; large amount of stores 
 captured. 
 
 December 10. Battle of Plymouth, Va. The Federals defeated and 
 driven from the town, 25 taken prisoner.-. Confederate loss, 7 wounded. 
 '^December 12. The Federal iron-clad ram Cairo, the flag-boat ol the 
 Yankee fleet, was blown up by torpedoes, in the Yazoo river, Mississippi. 
 ( her lol*> lives lost. 
 
 December 11. The Yankees repulsed in their first attempt t>' cross 
 the Rappahannock. 
 
 December 12. Skirmish near Kingston, N. C Confederates de- 
 feated 
 
 December 12. Fight ut Joyncr'.s Ford, Washington river, Yn. 
 Confederate cavalry surprised ami 36 captured prisoners, 
 
 December 13. Skirmish at Bibs' Ferry, Ya. Abolitionists routed 
 with heavy loss, 
 
 December 11. Skirmish near Tnscumbia, Ala. Confederates re- 
 pulsed, and 20 killed and wounded. Federal loss, 30 killed and 
 wounded. 
 
189 
 
 December 13--14. Battle of Fredericksburg, Va. In this, the most 
 bloody battle of the war, the Federal array under Gen. Burnside, was 
 most signally repulsed and defeated by Gen. Lee. Federal loss, 10, (100 
 killed, 8,500 wounded, and 1,626 taken prisoners. Confederate 1"--. 
 400 killed, 'J, .'.on wounded, and 47t> missing Generate ( 'obi) and < Iregg 
 killed, of the Confederates. 
 
 The Yankee attempts to capture Richmond, now numbering four, 
 have cost them at least 125,000 men. Beginning with the first Manama* 
 battle, and going through McClellan's fatal campaigf) in the Peninsula, 
 Jackson's week of fighting in the Valley, Lee's hurling back of the Pope 
 expedition, including the second battle of Manassas, and now the 
 slaughter on the Rappahannock, we have an amount of carnage thai 
 ought to satisfy even Black Republicans. 
 
 December 13--14. Battle of Kingston, NC. Confederates repulsed, 
 and fell back before an overwhelming force. 
 
 December 10. Battle of Whitehall, N C, Confederates defeated. 
 After occupying Kingston for a short time, the Federals evacuated the 
 place, which was again taken possession of by the Confederates. Federal 
 loss, 845 killed and wounded. Total Confederate loss in the several 
 battles was 71 killed, *2Sli wounded, and 400 missing. 
 
 December 12- 10. President Davis visits Tennessee and Mississippi. 
 
 December 17. Battle near Goldsboro, N C. The Federals repulsed, 
 and driven back after a severe engagement. 
 
 December 18. General Lovel is removed from the Army of the West, 
 and sent to Virginia. Gen Loring takes his place. Gen Van Dorn is 
 appointed to take command of the cavalry forces in the West. 
 
 December 18—19. General Grant's Abolition Army falls back from 
 Mississippi. 
 
 December 16—16. Gen Burnside recrosses the Rappahannock river, 
 Va., under cover of night, after the desperate battle of Fredericksburg. 
 
 December 16. Gen. Banks, with 8,000 men, arrives .-it New Orleans. 
 La, and supercedes the ' Brute Butler," who is sent North. 
 
 December 18. Brigadier General J K Duncan died in Knoxville, 
 Tenn. 
 
 utber 17—18. Gen Forrest annoys the Federals in W< -■ Ten- 
 railroad bridges and Federal property, and captures 
 several town- in his successful raids. 
 
 Skirmish al Lexington, Tenn. Gen. Forest surpi 
 the Yankees ; ;i sharp fight took place in which 400 of the < oemy were 
 
 killed and WOUnded. Confederate loss 120 killed and wounded. 
 
 inber — . Van Buren, Arkansas, captured by tie I 
 amounts of Confedi 
 December 20 The Thirty-Eighth Georgia Regimen! numb red 1 1"" 
 
 men win ii they left home for the Wat in Virginia. They lost in killed 
 and wounded 564 men (u< g those having died from sickness 
 
 and disease) in the various battles in which they have ! 
 
 Yankee transports Bred on mar Newbern, N C tii'i\ 
 
 killed and wounded VVbi eler drives in the ^ ankee piel. 
 
 New 1" Ml 
 
inter 20. A ral Millm\ , 
 
 are devastating the country in the Virginia valley. Confederate pro- 
 perty stolen. People maltreated. 
 
 December 20. Great trouble in (!k- Lincoln Cabinet nt Washington 
 Seward threatens t" resign. The Yankee papers admit the slaughter "i 
 their men at Fredericksburg to be unparallel* d. 
 
 December 20. Gen. Van Dorn Burprites the Yankee garrison :it 
 Holly Springs, and captures the place after a brisk fight. 1,050 Yankees 
 taken prisoni rs 1 86,000,000 worth of Federal stores and property de- 
 stroyed by the Confederal! I , 250 killed and wounded. 
 Confederate loss 1"> killed and wound* d. 
 
 December 21. Fight on the Franklin Pike, Tennessee FeoVral* 
 routed with considerable loss. Confederate loss 2 killed and I wounded. 
 
 December 21. Skirmish at Davis Mills, Mississippi, Gen Van Dora'* 
 cavalry engages the Yankees ; after a severe fight, tl I derate* 
 were defeated with u loss of 6o killed and woun«ed. Federal I 
 killed and Wounded. 
 
 December 22, An Abolition election ^•> ] d> ! : on nt [sic i>f V\ 
 Court House, was broken up by the Confederates. Several killed •• 
 both tide 4 . President Davis issues his proclamation proscribing Butler 
 
 as a {rlcli 
 
 December 23. General Buckner takes command nt Mobile, Ala. 
 
 December 24. Fighting at Clasgow, K\ General Morgan route* 
 the enemy, killing a large number. 3 Confederate killed. 
 
 December 24—25 Gen Rosencranz with 85,000 nun hdvauces from 
 Nashville. S< vere Bkirmishiug continues near Lnvergne, Teni 
 The Confed< rates tall hack, A great battle imminent. 
 
 December 24-25 A party of Yankees make a wuceessful raid into 
 Louisiana, on the line of the Shrevepoii and Vicksburg Railroad; the) 
 burn bridges and commit depredations in m wcral towns on tlie Road. 
 
 December 26. General J K B Stuarl ace iu| lishos another - ■ cessful 
 raid in tin; rear of the Fed* ral army, destroys large amounts <>!' Federal 
 i roperty, and captures 180 prisoners. 
 
 December 26— 27. Heavy skirmishing near Triune mid Lavergne, 
 Tenn. 
 
 December 26, The Federals land a large force at Baton Kongo, La. 
 Gen. Banks establishes his headquarters there. The Yankees burn the 
 State House and destroy all Confederate property. Skirmishing on the 
 Yazoo River, Miss. Yankees repulsed and driven to their gunb 
 
 Deeemfler 28-20-30. Batl Chickasaw Bayou, near Vicksbarg, 
 
 Miss. The Yankees must BJgnally defeated and put to route after three 
 days' hard fighting. Enemy's loss 1,000 killed and wounded, and 400 
 taken prisoners. Confederate loss 1~ (| killed and wounded. 
 
 December 29 A large force of Yankee oavalry make a successful 
 raid into East Tennessee, destroy several bridgos.. Fight at Watuuga 
 Bridge, Tenn. Confederates surprised, and 112 men captured by » 1 1 * - 
 enemy ; several killed and wounded ou both sides. 
 
 December ^<>. The great Federal gunboat Monitor foundered at -e.» 
 
191 
 
 Several of (he Yankee fleet of gunboats Mink. 
 
 December 28. High prices. At an auction sale in Mississippi, flour 
 was sold al $102 per barrel. Gold is selling at BOO per cent premium. 
 Cotton sold in New York city at 70 cents per pound. Sugar in Rich- 
 mond, Vn„ is worth 7<» cents per pound; Coffee $3.95 per pound 
 ( lotton ( lards, $25 per pair. 
 
 December l 2!'. Skirmish at Baton Rouge, I.n. Confederate*- re 
 pulsed. 
 
 December 31 — January 1-2, 1863. Battle of Murfrcesboro, Tenu, 
 Skirmishing as a prelude to the great battle commenced on December 
 26 The Confederate force under command of Gen. Bragg, numbered 
 30,000 men. The Federal force under Gen Rosencrans numbered 
 50,000 men. The hardest fight took place on the Slat. The Federals 
 wen repulsed and retired from the field with terrible loss. On the 1st 
 of January the Federals were largely reinforced, and the battle renewed, 
 and continued until the evening of the 'Jd. The Confederates being 
 greatly outnumbered, fell back to secure a better position. The enemy 
 were unable to follow. The Confederates captured 4, Oho prisoners, a 
 huge number of cannon, stores, &c„ taken from the enemy. Confeder- 
 ate loss, '9,000 killed and wounded ; Federal loss, 15,000 killed and 
 wounded, 4,000 taken prisoners. 
 
 January 1st, 1863. Engagement in Galveston Bay, Texas. The 
 Yankees defeated, the steamer "Harriet Lane" captured. Several 
 Yankee gunboats blown up to prevent their capture. Several killed on 
 both sides. 600 Yankees taken prisoners. 
 
 January 1, 1863. An estimate of the killed, wounded 
 from the .•ommencement of the war to the present time; 
 
 oid missing 
 
 Federals Killed 43, 874 
 
 Federals Wounded 97,029 
 
 federal Prisoners 68,213 
 
 Total 209,116 
 
 Died from sickness, di 
 
 and wounda 250,000 
 
 Confederates Killed. ... 20,893 
 Confederates Wounded . . . 59,615 
 Confederate Prisoners... 'J'J.lt'i'.i 
 
 Tot a 
 
 102,677 
 
 Died from sickness, disease 
 
 and wounds P20 000 
 


 
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 ALMANAC, 
 
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 i< >it Jin: ^ i :.\ \t 
 
 LAIvKE.