dcm$ ine southern al Conf Pam 12mo #643 DT1M7115 + V.c z& SOUTHERN ' ALMANAC FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD 1 BEING BISSEXTILE OR LEAP YEAR, AND THE Fourth of the Indc . j of the C ite States. Containing Calculations for Five Different Latitudes, riz : of Charleston, S. C„ Richmond, Va.. Raleigh, N, C , Columbia, S. C, and Mobile, Ala. AND, HENCE, MORE THAN USUALLY ACCURATE EOIR, THE WHOLE CONFEDERACY. SHOWING FULLY The Phenomena Relating to the Sun, Moon, Planets, Tides, &c. IN MEAN OR CLOCK TIME. CALCULATIONS BY PROF'R R. GARLINGTON, OF NEWBERRY COLLEGE, S. 0. HOUSEAL & SIEG, PUBLISHERS, NEWBERRY C. H., S. C. G. E. ELFORD'S PRESS, GREENVILLE, S. 0. ♦ > ••» 2 S THE SOtJTHE^N ALMANAC. Explanations and Directions. The calculations of this Almanac are all in Mean Tmik*. This is the time which is now generally used in the best Alma- nacs, and according to which daily events are registered in all civilized countries. The principal calendar, which is-calculated for the horizon of Charleston, S. C, will answer for the whole Confederacy, except the more Northern or Southern States. By means, however, of a small table, to be found at the foot of each page of the calendar, the rising and setting of the Sun may be found, at a glance, for any place in the whole Confede- racy, with more than usual accuracy. Let it be remembered that it is difference of latitude that principally affects the time of the Sun's rising and setting, and that a difference of longi- tude within the limits of the Confederate States makes no difference worthy of notice in the time of the Sun's rising and setting. Now, this Almanac shows the time of Sun's rising and setting for five different latitudes, viz : of Charleston, S. C, Raleigh, N. C, Richmond, Mobile and Columbia, S. C. Hence, when you wish to be quite accurate, consider with which of these places your own most nearly agrees in latitude, and use the time of that place accordingly. The calendar, on inspection, will explain itself, but to make it still clearer, some examples are added here : What is the time of sunrise at Richmond, Jan. 22d ? Looking in the table at the foot of the page for January, under 22d day, reading from left to right, we see there must be added, for Richmond, 10 min- utes. 10 minutes added to *7h. 2m. (the time in the calendar for that day) gives Yh. 12ra. for Sun's rising at Richmond. For sunset pursue the same method — only read the small table from right to left: What is the time of sunset at Rich- mond Jan. 22d? Entering the same table, and reading from right to left, we see that 10 minutes must be deducted from the calendar time of sunset, which is 5h. 22m. The Sun will •then set at Richmond at 5h. 12m.' When the given date is not in the small table, take the cor- rection for the nearest date. Thus, for Jan. 10th take as the correction for Richmond 12m., that being the correction for Jan. 8th. By the same small table the length of the day may be cor- rected for the different latitudes by observing this rule : If the Sun rises earlier, increase the length of the day by double the number of minutes it is earlier ; if it rises later, diminish the length of the day by double the number of minutes it is later. It is the rising and setting of the Sun's centre, corrected for refraction, that are given in this Almanac. TfiE southern: almanac. Rising, &c. of Moon, Planets and Stars. When the Moon rises or sets in the day time, her rising or setting is not given ; when, therefore, the setting is given, un- derstand that she rises some time in the preceding daylight; and when her rising is given, that she sets some time in the following daylight. As a star rises, souths and sets about 4 minutes sooner every- day, it will be easy to find the times of rising, southing and setting at different dates from those given in the Almanac. It will be sufficiently accurate, for common purposes, to calculate by this rule the times of rising, etc., of a star for several weeks preceding or following any given rising, etc. The same rule will apply to the planets Jupiter, Saturn and Mars. How to Set a Time Piece. First Method. — Those who have a dial or noon-mark should proceed thus: When the Sun's shadow falls upon the noon- mark, set the clock or watch to the time given in the column headed "Sun on Merid." This column shows the Mean Time when the Sun culminates or i3 on the meridian ; which time of culmination is generally before or after 12 o'clock, but never deviates from 12 o'clock by more than about 16 minutes. Second Method. — When the Sun is observed to be rising or Betting, set the clock to the time of rising or setting as given in the Almanac for that day. The second method is not so accurate for several reasons. Objects in the horizon may prevent our observing the exact time of rising or setting. Moreover, the time given in the Almanac is accurately true only for the latitudes for which the calculations are made. N. B. — By the above method i3 kept Mean Time. There is, how- ever, another mode of setting time pieces and reckoniog time, which, at some periods of the year, differs from. Mean Time as much- as 16 min- utes. This other mode considers it 12 o'clock every day wfren the Sua is on the meridian or the shadow falls at the noon mark, and time so reckoned is called Apparent Time. If it is desired to keep Apparent Time, set the time piece to 12 o'clock, every day, when the shadow falls upon the noon-mark. Or, in using this Almauac, if you set the time piece by the rising or setting of the Sun, you must add to, or subtract from, the time given, according as the Sun is fast or slow ; and how much the Sun is slow or fast ia shown by the column headed " Sun on Merid." Thus, Jan. 17th the Sun is slow 10 minutes, because it comes to the meridian 10 minutes after 12, Mean Time. Hence, subtract 10 minutes from the rising and Betting giren in the Almanac for that day, and you have the Apparent Time of rising or setting. Hence, at Charleston, Jan. I7tb, the Sun rises at Gh. 53m., and sets at 5h. 10m., Apparent Time. In like manner, if the Suu is fast, add. Thus, Oct. 8th the Sun is on the meridian at lib. 47iu.; that is, it is 13 minutes fast. Hence, add 13 minutes to the rising and setting given for that day, to obtain Apparent Time of rising or setting. Vs 4 tHE SOUTHERN ALMANAC. To Make a Noon-Mark. A time piece cannot be very accurately set without a Noon- Mark. To make such a mark, it is necessary to mark on some surface a meridiau line— that is, a line due North and South — and to have a perpendicular object at the South end of this line, to cast the shadow of the San. The meridian line may be marked by a Surveyor's Compass, provided allowance be made for the variation of the needle ; for which purpose the following table is added : TLACE VARIATION] PLACE VARIATION I PLACE VARIATION Richmond.. H° WeitlMirfedgeville.^i East (New- Orleans. .1 ° East Raleigh INashville 5f East I Little Rock. . .8£ East Charleston . .1 1 East | Tuscaloosa .'; . 6 East | Austin 9£ East For intervening places the approximate variation may be found by proportion with sufficient accuracy. Thus, the dis- tance westward from Charleston to Milledgeville makes a differ- ence of 2|° in the variation ; therefore, for a less distance make the difference of variation proportional to the distance. If the edge of some perpendicular object is used to cast tbe shadow, this caution is to be observed : If the shadow is cast by the western edge, it will fall on the meridian line one min- ute before the Sun (that is, the Sun's centre) is on the meridian ; if by the eastern edge, one minute after it is on the meridian. This rule being observed, it will be easy, after the meridian line is marked, to mark the line on which the shadow falls tbe moment the Sun is on the meridian, Mean Time and Apparent Time. The calculations of this Almanac are in Mean Time— which is the time that a well-regulated clock should show. Apparent Time is that which considers it as 12 o'clock, every day, when the Sun culminates, or is in the mid-heavens, or on the meridian, these being three various expressions for the same thing. Ap- parent Time thus reckons the hours from the moment when the Sun culminates each day. To this method, as natural, there would be no objection if the natural days were equal in length — the natural day being the time from one' culmination of the Sun to the next. The natural days, however, are not equal, though nearly so, the maximum deviation of a single day from the average length being about half a. minute ; but the deviation is constantly and gradually shifting, day after day — so that scarcely two natural days in a year are of the same length. Owing to the fact that the natural days^continue, for several months together, below the.average length, and then exceed the average fov several months, there is an accumulation of error in reckoning time by the natural days, compared with the reckoning by average days. This error amounts, at the THE SOUTHERN ALMANAC. O maximum, to about 16 minutes. Now, as time pieces are most easily constructed to run uniformly, and are so constructed, if one were set running so as to mark off days of the average length, throughout the year, it is evident, from what has been stated, that it" would 'not ofcen show 12 o'clock when the San culminates, Such a time piece agrees with Mean Time— which is the time now generally used and preferred in Almanac, because this is the kind or time adopted by astronomers, a j : founded on a fixed and uniform standard, which i*< the average or mean day. The column in the Almanac ' ' : " m Merid." shows how much Mean Time dif - ' . at Time, at the moment the Sun is on lb m s m t\ day. To keep Apparent Time, it is necessary to set the time piece frequently, and this is a serious objection to this Time. But a time piece, if it goes correctly, may run for months or a year to Mean Time, without the necessity of resetting it. Chronological Cycles. Domiuical Letters C B Lunar Cycle, or Golden Number. 3 Epact (M us mean age JaD. 1 ) . 22 Solar Cycle 23 Roman [jdiclion 7 Julian Period 6577 Movable Festivals of the Church in 1864. Rogation Sunday May 1 Asceu. Day or Holy Thurs . May 5 mo iy.. Mny 15 Trinity Sunday May 22 First Sunday in Advent. .Nov. 27 Septua^esima Sunday. ...Jan. 24 Quinq. or Shrove Sunday .Feb. 7 Ash Wtd'day, Lent begiud. Feb. 10 Pnlm Sunday MVh 20 Eaeter Sunday M'ch 27 Seasons. Vernal Equinox, (Spring commences,) March 20, 3h. 4im. Morn. Summer Solstice, (Summer commeuces,). . . .June 21, Oh. 31m. Morn. Autumual Equinox, (Autumn commeuce3,). .Sept'r 22, 2h. 43m. Even. Winter Solstice, (Winter c:mmences) Deer 21, 8h. 30m. Mora. Aspects of the Planets. Venus will bo Morning Star until July 21st ; after that date Evening Star the rest of the year. It will be too near the Sun to be visible from about 20th of May to 10th of September. Mars will rise at sunset on the 28th of November, and will be visible soon after sunset for the rest of the year. Jupiter will rise at sunset on the 11th of May, and will hence continue visible soon after sunset, until it approaches too near the Sun to be visible, which will be about the 10th of November. It will set with the Sun November 27th. Saturn will rise at sunset on the 3d of April. Mercury, which is rarely to be seen, will be visible, with a clear sky, for a few evenings about the 29th of April ; also, about the 29th of August. THE SOUTHERN ALMANAC. ; # Eclipses in 1864. There will be only two Eclipses — both of the Sun. I. An Eclipse of the Sun, May the 5th, visible, as a partial Eclipse, in Central and Western Texas, but in no other part of the Confederacy. It will begin at Austin near sunset, at 6h. 31m. P. M., Mean Time. Westward of Austin it will begin sooner, and due West of that place, on the Rio Grande, it will be visible at 6h. 29m. P. M., as an Eclipse of nearly 6 digits. This Eclipse will be total in some parts of the earth. II. An Eclipse of the Sun, October the 30th, visible, as a partial Eclipse, in Central and Western Texas, but in no other part of the Confederacy. At Austin, begins, Mean Time . . ,6h. Sim. A. M. Greatest Obscuration, (not exceeding- 1 digit). ,'7h. 4m. " " Ends 7h. 31m. " " This Eclipse will be annular in some parts of the earth. Tides. The time of High Water for Charleston Harbor is given in the Almanac. The time for other places named in the Table below may be fouud from the time given for Charleston, by adding to the time for Charleston, or subtracting from it, as directed in the Table. There are two tides," on an average, every 24h. 52m.; but only one of these is given, viz: that one which first succeeds the meridian passage of the Moon. The time of the interme- diate tides may be found by adding half the interval between the preceding and following to the time of the preceding tide. Spring Tides occur about the full or change of the Moon, the tides then rising highest. Neap Tides occur about the Quarters, the tides being then lowest.. In calculating the Tides for Charleston Harbor, the " obser- vations " for determining the " Establishment of the Port," as published in the " United States Coast Survey," have been used. STATION Time to be added or subtr'ted org 6fe FEET FEET If H M 4 52 6 11 6 1 For Richmond " Beaufort, N. . . . .add add H M 9 15 13 6 30 1 18 FKET H M 1 34 2.8 4.5 33 5.5 22 3.8 6 10 « Smitbville, N. C .....add 6 26 add 6.5 4.2 5.3 7.6 4.7 6.3 5.5 3.5 5 4 6 1 7 22 " St. Augustine .....add 6 19 " Charleston 4.6 6 86 6 9 1 864. JANUARY begins Friday. 31 days. Fri PHENOMENA, 40. . SUN RISES 7 4 SUN I SETS 1 5 4 s'n on MERID. MOON ' jBISES : HIGH wat'r. 1 Ve. ris. 3 44 M. Sun in 12 4 Morn EO 14 2 Sat SU Jup.rises3 19 M. [Per. 4 7 4 5 5 6 4 5 59 3 2d Sun. aft. Christmas 12 5 1 3 1 48 4 Mo 7 *s set 3 50 M. 4 6 5 r 2 5 2 53 5 6 Tu W Moon lowest. Cold Epiphany, and 4 4 7 5 6 3 7 4 9 4 3 5 8 8 \ Th 4 8 6 5 13 6 13 8 Fri rainy. 4 9 7 6 13 7 5 9 Sal SU Moon in Perigee. 4 7 4 10 5~Tl 7 SET. E 7 5 8 3 10 1st Suu. aft. Epiphany. 12 8 8 51 H Mb Mars rises 4 51 Morn. 4 12 8 8 14 9 41 12 Tu 4 13 8 9 22 10 25 13 W Now 4 14 9 10 24 11 15 14 Th clear. 4 15 9 11 29 11 58 15 Fri Saturn ris. 11 39 Even. 4 16 10 Morn Morn 16 Sat SU Cold 4 7 3 17 5 18 10 33 49 17 2d S. aft. Epiph. and 12 10 1 33 1 45 18 Mo Sirius souths 10 50 Ev. 3 19 11 2 32 2 50 19 Tu Moon highest. hard 3 20 11 3 28 3 49 20 W Regulus ris. 7 33 Even 3 21 11 4 22 4 54 21 Th freezes. 2 22 11 5 7 5 47 22 Fri Jupiter ris. 2 13 Morn. 2 22 12 5 52 6 37 23 Sat su Rigel souths 8 58 Even Septua. S. M'n in A p. 1 n 23 5 24 12 6 34 RIS. E 7 19 24 12 12 8 25 Mo Look 25 13 7 18 8 33 26 Tu for 26 13 8 13 9 9 27 W Ve. ris. 4 13 M. rain, 6 59 27 13 j 9 5 9 44 28 Th and 59 28 13 10 10 18 29 Fri cloudy 58 29 13 110 57 10 55 30 Sat SU 57 6 57 30 5~31 14 ,11 56 Mom 11 39 31 ISexages. Sun. weather. 12 14 !E0 24 MOON'S PHASES. n Third Quarter. New Mood. . . , First Quarter. Full Moon Third Quarter. H M 4 13 A 1 40 A 6 19 P 4 42 P 6 35 P Length •Twil:c of Day BEOINS | d n m D FI 11 M 1 1 10 1 5 35 M 1 7 10 4 7 5 36 M 13 10 10 13 5 37 M 19 10 17 19 5 80 M 1 26 10 25 '25 5 3o 6 33 37 6 41 6 46 6 51 J6£3~The minutes in this Table are to be added to, or deducted from, time of sunrise To find Suris rising at Richmood add or ennset above giv- Raleigh ad en. For sunset read Mobil e A e( \ from right to left. JJ , /•* ' a X ' l Columbia, S.C.. add D D D D 1 8 15 22 M M M u 12 12 11 10 8 3 s 7 1 5 f. ■1 4 1 3 3 3 «| To find Sun's setting at ded Richmond. ded Raleigh. add Mobile. 2 |ded. Columbia, S. C. 1864. FEBRUARY begins Monday. 29 days. O £ Mo PHENOMENA, &C. SUN- RISES 6 hQ SUN SETS 5 32 s'n on MERID. MOON RISES [J I G H wat'r. 1 Mais ris. 4 39 M. Now 12 14 M 58 Ei 15 2 Tti 7 *s set 1 48 Morning; 55 33 14 1 48 2 ID 3 W Moon lowest. cold. 54 34 14 2 44 3 28 4 ? 54 35 14 3 54 4 48 5 fln More 53 3 14 4 48 5 54 6 Sal SU Moon in Perigee. 52 51 37 5 37 14 12 14 5 39 6 51 7 Quinqua. Sunday. 6 26 7 43 8 Mo Siiaufi souths 9 27 Ev. 51 38 14 SET. 1. 8 3Q Tu pttasatU. 50 39 14 8 09 9 18 10 W Asli Wed. Lent begin? 49 40 14 9 16 10 01 11 Th Jupiter rises 1 04 M. 48 41 14 10 22 10 45 12 Fri Mercury rises 5 19 M. 47 42 14 11 23 11 32 13 SU Warmer. 46 6 45 43 5 44 14 Morn Even 14 1st Sun. Lent. St. Val. 12 14 23 22 Id Mo Sat. souths 3 26 Mom. 44 45 14 1 20 1 17 16 Tu Venus rises 4 36 Morn. 43 46 14 2 15 2 17 17 W Ember day. Cloudy, 42 47 14 3 04 3 15 10 Th Moon highest. and 41 47 14 3 50 4 21 10 Fri Etnb. d. Mer. gr'st e. \v 40 48 14 4 29 5 14 20 Sal SU Emb. d. M'n in Ap. per- 2' IS. L't. Ma.r.420M 39 6 38 49 5 50 14 5 05 5 41 6 06 21 12 14 6 49 22 Mo Mer. ris. 5 22 M. hap 37 50 14 RIS. E 7 26 23 Tu Arcl. ris. 9 04 Ev. rain. 36 51 14 7 04 8 06 24 w 35 52 14 7 56 8 39 25 Th Char 34 53 13 8 48 9 14 26 Fri 33 54 13 9 47 9 47 27 Sat SU and 32 6~3l 55 5 55 13 12 13 10 43 10 30 28 3d Sundav in Lent. 11 43 11 11 20 Mo cool. 30 56 13 EO 01 MOON'S PHASES. New Moon. . . First Quarter. Full Mood... Third Quarter, Length TwiLK OF Day BEGINS r> H M D H M M 1 10-Sfi 1 5 31 46 P M 1 10 49 7 5 27 14 A M 13 10 57 13 5 23 11 P M 19 11 8 19 5 17 55 A M 21 11 19 21 5 10 ENDt H M 6 57 7 1 7 6 7 11 7 10 JRSrThe minutes in this Table nre to be added to, or deducted from, time of suurise or sunset above giv- en. For sunset read from rii;ht to left. To find Sail's rising at Richmond. . . . .add Raleigh add Mobile ded Columbia, S.O.. add D D 1) D ) 8 15 22 M M M M y 7 6 5 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 ? 2 2 2 1 To find Suns setting at ded Richmond. ded Raleigh. add Mobile. ded. Columbia, £j. C. i 864. MARCH begins Tuesday. 31 days. ! IV PHENOMENA, 10 11 12 13 14 U L6 17 is 10 2' J 21 22 28 24 26 20 27 28 29 SO §1 Fri Sat SU Mo Tu W Th Fri Sat SU Mo Tu W Th Fri Sat SU Mo Tu W Th Fri Sat SU Mo Tu W Th Fri Sat SU PHENOMENA, 1 sun Is'n on RETS 12 11 n 10 1! 10 10 10 10 9 e MOON RISES M2 58! 3 48 4 42 SET .E 8 10 8 44 • 8 15 9 48 10 10 12 12 10 50 11 21 11 59 Morn 38 1 27 2 15 HIGH wat'r, Eo 53 6 43 7 29 8 11 8 51 9 24 10 1 10 36 11 15 11 55 Mora 39 7 3 12 6 o 6 2 6 1 6 C 6 6 59 6 6 58 12 6 3 15 4 19 RIS. E 8 9 8 49 9 28 l(i 3 10 46 11 28: Morn i 12 57] 1 45| 2 36 29 23 34 33 43 45 36 8 25 9 13 9 53 10 44 11 27, EO 23 1 18 2 19 3 29 4 30 5 28 3 81 G 21 MOON'S PHASES. New Moon. . . , First Quarter. Full Moon Third Quarter. L ENGTH IWIUC of Day. BEG 1X6 d H M D H M 1 14 16 1 3 13 7 14 12 7 3 11 13 14 7 IS 3 22 19 14 19 3 27 25 13 62 •25 3 32 ENDS II M 3 53 8 51 8 48 8 45 8 40 .JKjp-The minutes in this Table are to be .added to, or deducted from, time of sunrise or sunset, abovo giv- en, for sunset read from right to left. To find Sun's rising at Richmond ded Raleigh ded Mobile add Columbia, S.Cded 10 8! 7 5 5 3 2 To find Sun's setting at add Richmond. aid Raleigh. ded Mobile. add.Colambia,S. Q f 1 864. AUGUST begins Monday. 31 days. O O 3 PHENOMENA, &C. SUN SUN s'n ON MOON HIGH K RISES 5 15 SETS 6 58 MERID. RISES wat'r. l Mo may 12 6 M4 26 E7 6 2 Tu 7 *s rise 11 53 Even. 15 57 C SET. E 7 43 8 W now 16 56 6 7 19 8 23 4 Th Moon in Apogee. he 17 55 6 7 51 8 54 5 Fri expected, 17 54 6 8 21 9 29 6 Sat SU and 18 5 19 53 6 52 6 8 52 10 3 7 11th S. aft. Trin. rain. 12 5 9 24 10 40 8 Mo Jup. souths 5 56 Even. 19 51 5 9 57 11 29 9 Tu Very warm 20 50 5 10 35 Morn 10 W Moon conj. Jup. and 21 49 5 11 17 6 11 Th oppressive. 21 48 5 Morn* 58 12 Fri Moon lowest. 22 47 5 3 1 52 13 Sat SU Sat. sets 9 21 Even. 23 46 5 1 3 3 14 12th S. aft. Trin. Fair, 5 23 6 45 12 4 2 4 17 15 Mo 24 44 4 3 3 5 25 16 Tu dry 25 43 4 4 13 6 26 17 W Moon in Perigee. 25 42 4 5 22 7 18 18 Th Ma. rises 11 35 E. and 26 41 4 RIS. E 8 8 19 Fri 27 40 3 8 2 8 51 20 Sat SU hot. 27 39 6 38 3 8 41 9 34 21 13th Sun. aft. Trinity. 5 28 12 3 9 25 10 24 22 Mo Cloudy 29 36 3 10 10 11 11 23 Tu and 29 35 2 10 55 EO 2 24 W rainy. 30 34 2 11 44 59 25 Th Moon highest. 31 33 2 Morn 1 58 26 Fri 31 32 2 35 3 27 Sat Jup. sets 10 01 Even. 32 30 6~29 1 1 1 26 4 6 28 SU 14th Sun. aft. Trinity. 5 33 12 2 20 5 58 29 Mo Mer. gr't a.e.; sets 7 38 33 28 1 3 14 5 50 30 Tu [Even. 34 27 4 7 6 34 31 W 35 25 5 2 7 11 MOON'S PHASES. New Moon First Quarter. . Full Moon Third Quarter. H M 9 1 33 13 4 10 45 Length TwitK of Day. BEGINS d H M D H M 1 13 43 J 3 39 AM 1 13 33 7 3 45 P M 13 13 23 13 3 50 AM 19 13 13 19 3 56 P M u 13 2 25 4 2 ENDS H M 8 33 25 8 18 8 10 2 JBE^The minutes in this Table are to be added to, or deducted from, time of sunrise or sunset, above giv- en. For sunset read from right to left. rising To find Sun\ at Richmond ded Raleigh ded Mobile add Columbia, S.C.ded To find Sun's setting at add Richmond. add Raleigh. ded Mobile. add . Columbia, S. C. 1864. SEPTEMBER begins Th'sday. 30 days. O a SUN SUN s'n on MOON HIGH 3 Tb PHENOMENA, &C. K RISES 5 35 SETS 6 24 MERID. SETS wat'r. 1 Moon in Ap. A change 12 E6 26 E7 49 2 Fri may 36 22 11 59 6 56 8 22 3 Sat su now be 37 5 37 21 6 19 59 7 26 8 58 4 1 5 th S. af. Tr. expected, 11 59 8 1 9 32 5 Mo Dog days end. and 38 18 59 8 37 10 12 6 Tu ram. 39 16 58 9 15 10 52 V W Ma. r. 1016 E. M'nop. 40 15 58 9 59 11 40 8 Th [Jup. 40 14 57 10 50 Mora 9 Fri Moon lowest. Warm 41 12 57 11 45 33 10 Sat SU days and 42 5 42 11 6 10 57 Mora 1 33 11 16thS.af.Triu. cooler 11 56 46 2 43 12 Mo nights. 43 8 5Q 1 50 3 58 13 Tu Sat. sets 7 24 Even. 44 7 56 2 57 5 4 14 W Moon in Perigee. Fair. 44 6 55 4 7 6 3 15 Th 45 4 55 5 16 6 57 16 Fri Jup. souths 3 41 Even. 46 3 55 6 27 7 43 17 Sat SU Jup. sets 8 48 Even. 46 5 47 2 6 54 RIS. E 8 30 18 17thS.af.Tr. Cloudy. 11 54 8 3 9 14 19 Mo A storm, 48 5 59 54 8 49 10 1 20 Tu Mars conj. Moon, and 48 58 53 9 39 10 48 21 W Moon highest. rain 49 57 53 10.31 11 41 22 Th for several 50 56 53 11 13 EO 36 23 Fri Sun en. Lib. Aut'n beg. 50 54 52 Morn 1 30 24 Sat SU [Mer. inf. conj. Sun. 51 5 52 53 5 52 52 17 2 33 25 18thS.af.Trin. days. 11 52 1 12 3 30 26 Mo 52 51 51 2 3 4 27 27 Tu Moon in Ap. Mars ris. 53 50 51 2 57 5 U 28 W [9 26 Even. 53 48 51 3 51 5 59' 29 Th 54 47 50 4 43 6 38 30 Fri 54 46 50 5 36 7 13 MOON'S PHASES. New Moon First Quarter. Full Moon Third Quarter, New Mood . . . . Length TWILK or Day BEGINS n m D H M D H M 49 A M 1 12 49 ] 4 8 43 A M 7 12 35 7 4 12 5 43 P M 1? 12 23 IS 4 17 1 35 P M 10 12 11 19 4 22 5 18 P M 25 12 26 4 28 ENDS II if 7 52 7 43 7 34 7 25 7 16 J6SS~The minutes in this Table are to be added to, or deducted from, time of sunrise or eunset, above giy- R a lpiah •n. For sunset read Kc from right to left. To find Sun's rising at Richmond ded ...ded Mobile add Columbia, S.C.. ded I) 1) 1) D 1 8 15 22 M H M M .3 2 2 8 2 >2 2 2 1 1 1 1 To fi?id Sun's setting at add Richmond. add Raleigh. ded Mobile. add. Columbia, S. C 1 864. OCTOBER begins Saturday. 31 days. 3 Sat 8 4 5 6 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2SU Mo Tu W Th Fri Sat su Mo Tu W Th Fri Sat 19th Sun. aft. Trinity. Cool Aldebaran rises 8 52 E. Moon lowest. and Jup. souths 2 34 Even. Jup. sets 7 38 E. dry. SU Mo Tu W Th Fri 22 Sat 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 SO SI SU Mo Tu W Th Fri Sat SU Mo PHENOMENA, 9? Tofi nd Sun s setting this Table are to be at at added to, or deducted M M W M from, time of sunrise Richmond add IS ! 13 U i 12 ded Richmond. or sunset above giv- en. For sunset read Raleigh add Mobile ded t J 8 i L 5 J 3 8 ) 5 ded Raleigh. add Mobile. Columbia, £ ».c. add J 5 3 3 3 ded. Oolu ml >ia, S.O. THE SOUTHERN ALMANAC. 19 Sun's Declination at Apparent Noon, Charleston, and Moon's Place. * January. February. March. April. SUN'S Declin'n South. MOON'S Place. SUN'S Declin'n South. MOON'S Place. BUN'S Declin'n South. MOON'S Place. SUN'S D'diu'n North. MOON'S Place. DEG MIX SIGX DEG DEG MIX SIGX DEG DEG MIX SIGX VLG DEG MIX SIGX DEG 1 23 2 Lib 4 17 10 Sco 21 7 1< Sag 14' 4 50 Aqu 6 2 22 57 16 10 53 Sag 4 6 55 27 5 13 20 3 51 29 35 18 32 Cap 11 36 Pi3 5 4 45 Sco 12 18 Cap 2 9 26 59 20 5 49 26 17 5 45 Aqu 11 21 Ari 4 6 32 Sag 10 15 41 Aqu 2 22 26 44 19 1 25 24 23 IS 4 59 Pis 11 7 6 Tau 3 8 17 Cap 9 4 Pis 3 35 26 28 17 9 24 14 45 18 12 Ari 11 51 Gem 1 10 Aqu 9 26 Ari 3 3 48 26 8 13 14 11 21 51 25 6 17 25 Tau 9 35 26 12 42 Pis 10 13 46 Tau 1 1 23 57 Can 9 13 32 24 26 14 2 38 Gem 6 9 19 21 14 21 Ari 8 '6 27 14 18 40 Leo 3 15 10 12 12 45 Gem 10 1 50 Can 1 1 1 15 16 20 59 Tau 5 25 22 27 13 23 27 17 48 18 4 Can 4 3 25 44 Vir 8 38 36 Gem 1 11 43 16 39 Leo 6 11 5 20 19 23 13 22 28 S 16 18 26 Lib 3 20 11 25 Leo 9 X 8 Vir 46 15 21 19 57 Can 7 10 38 ■22 32 12 12 6 28 22 44 19 17 Vir 3 56 24 26 Sco 11 23 30 Leo 1 9 55 15 1 19 Lib 6 46 24 24 16 13 33 28 43 19 13 6 Sag 7 25 1 25 11 Lib 9 •J 6 Sco 1 26 21 26 18 46 Vir 6 8 48 22 30 14 45 Cap 4 27 31 19 26 Sco 2 53 27 14 4 18 28 16 Lib 1 3 17 3 17 Sag 10 23 Aqu 2 29 13 V 40 Sag 40 24 41 17 30 17 44 25 1 3 Cap 7 15 Pis 1 31 27 Sco 8 27 21 SIGNS OF THE ZODIAC — ABBREVIATIONS ABOVE USED. Aries Ari Taurus Tau Gemini Gem Caucer Can Leo Leo Virgo , Vir Libra Lib Scorpio Sco Sagittarius Sag Capri coruus Cap Aquarius Aqu Piaces , . . . .Pis 20 THE SOUTHERN ALMANAC. Sun's Declination at Apparent Noon, Moon's Place. Charleston, and ► May. June. July. August. SUN'S Declin'n North. MOON'S Place. SUN'S Declin'n North. MOON'S Place. SUN'S Declin'n North. MOON'S Place. SUN'S Declin'n North. MOON'S Place. DEG MIN SIGN DEG DEG MIN SlflN DEC, DEG MIN SIGN DjSG DEG MIN SIGN DEG 1 15 18 Pis 15 22 9 Tau 7 23 5 Gem 13 17 52 Leo 2 35 29 16 21 26 36 12 3 53 All 14 24 Gem 4 22 55 Can 8 21 24 4 16 11 28 31 17 50 21 5 Vir 5 5 28 Tau 12 37 Can 44 Leo 3 IG 48 17 6 44 25 44 12 '38 15 32 29 *7 17 1 Gem 8 50 25 32 27 15 Lib 11 8 17 22 55 Leo 7 25 Vir 8 15 58 23 33 Can 4 23 19 18 21 40 Sco 5 10 49 16 5 Vir 1 10 Lib 2 23 18 11 18 4 28 9 13 2 15 5 Sag 1 12 19 Leo 10 12 24 2.1 54 27 14 47 14 13 34 23 16 Lib 6 45 Sco 9 39 28 14 48 Vir 4 19 19 36 22 10 Cap 12 15 19 2 16 21 Sco 1 26 Sag 6 13 51 27 16 16 28 23 14 16 19 32 Aqu 12 17 30 Lib 11 25 28 6 Cap 4 13 27 18 43 23 26 Sag 11 20 56 18 12 54 Pis 12 19 56 Sco 6 27 25 45 Aqu 3 34 27 20 20 8 19 ■27 Cap 9 33 18 14 Ari 12 21 20 Sag 3 28 24 22 Pis 4 11 54 27 22 32 17 27 Aqu 9 10 18 34 Tau 11 23 43 Cap 1 26 24 19 57 Ari 3 13 24 24 54 15 25 Pis 8 45 17 10 53 Gem 7 25 21 5 29 23 23 32 Tau 1 32 20 20 15 Aqu 13 21 Ari 7 18 14 11 Can 2 27 25 28 19 21 5 27 9 50 15 28 35 Pis 12 16 Tau 4 18 51 Gem 10 29 27 29 44 26 12 17 37 23 7 Leo 9 30 53 Ari 10 9 Gem 1 22 Can 5 8 46 21 31 22 1 24 7 18 24 Vir 3 ANATOMY OF MAN'S BODY, AS SUPPOSED BY SOME TO BE GOVERNED BY THE TWELVE SIGNS. Pisces, (Pis) Feet Aries, (Ari) Head & Face Taurus, (Tau) Neck Gemini, (Gem) Arms Cancer, (Cao) Breast Leo, (Leo) Heart Virgo, (Vir) Bowels Libra, (Lib) .Reins Scorpio, (3co) Secrets Sagittarius, (Sag) Thighs Capricornus, (Cap) Kuees Aquarius, (Aqu) , . Legs THE SOUTHERN ALMANAC. 21 Sun's Declination at Apparent Noon, Charleston, and Moon's Place. c ► C/J September. October. November. December. SUN'S Declin'n North. MOON'S Place. SUN'S Declin'D South. MOON'S l'lace. BUN'S Declin'n South. MOON'S Plr.ce. : ON'S Dcclin'u South. MOON'S Place. deg min SIGN DBG DEG MIN SIGN BEG DEG MIN SIGN DEG DEG MIN 21 56 SIGN DKO 1 8 2 Vir 14 3 28 Lib 17 14 41 'Sag 4 Cap 10 2 7 40 26 51 29 15 17 22 5 24 3 18 Lib 8 4 14 Sco 12 19 Cap 1 13 Aqu 8 4 6 56 20 37 24 37 13 21 22 5 34 Sco 2 5 1 Sag 6 55 27 29 Pis 6 6 1] 14 24 20 16 13 Aqu 1 1 36 20 V 5 49 27 47 Cap 3 31 25 43 Ari 4 8 26 Sag 10 6 10 16 48 Pis 9 49 18 4 23 32 Aqu 1 17 5 24 55, Tau 2 10 4 41 Cap 6 55 15 22 Ari 8 23 16 11 18 21 7 18 29 38 23 5 Gem 12 3 55 Aqu 5 40 Pis 14 55 Tau 7 9 14 13 32 20 8 3 29 18 11 21 13 27 14 9 Pis 5 25 Ari 14 20 Gem 5 10 Can 10 15 2 46 21 47 29 41 19 19 23 10 23 Ari 5 9 10 Tau 13 56 Can 2 22 Leo 6 17 1 59 21 32 17 19 11 15 24 18 18 36 Tau 5 53 Getnl 25 28 26 Vir 10 13 19 10 15 25 39 Leo 10 27 12 20 49 Gem 3 36 Can i 53 22 27 24 21 26 16 58 20 20 6 Vir 4 28 Lib 6 22 N 3 29 11 19 Leo 2 19 16 27 17 23 S 21 Can 11 40 14 31 28 26 29 %A 44 24 12 1 26 43 Lib 10 25 Sco 12 25 1 8 Leo 6 22 Vir 8 55 22 23 25 20 31 18 42 20 21 6 Sco 4 21 Sag 8 27 54 29 13 2 Lib o - 17 • 17 18 21 28 2 18 Vir 11 22 14 27, 29 "15 Cap 5 29 41 23 42 26 37 Sag 13 12 19 SO 3 4 Lib 5 14 2J Sco 8 47 26 8 Aqu 3 ai 21 21 3 19 TO KNOW WHERE THE SIGN IS. Opposite the day of the month is the Sign or Place of the Moon ; then referring to the foot of the preceding p^a e > it w m be seen what part of the body that Sign governs. The idea that the Moon's Pisce or Sign cau influence the body, is derived from the superstitions of ancient Astrology, and ought not to be entertained. 22 THE SOUTHERN ALMANAC. Influence of the Moon npon Weather, &c, Though the surface of the Full Mood, exposed to us, must necessarily be much heated — possibly to a degree much exceeding that of boiling water — yet we feel do heat from it, and even in the focus of large reflectors it fails to affect the thermometer. No doubt, therefore, its heat (conformably to what has been observed of that of bodies heated below the poiut of luminosity) is much more readily absorbed in trav- ersing transparent media than direct solar heat, aud is extinguished in the upper regions of our atmosphere, never reaching the surface of the earth at all. Some probability is given to this by the tendency to disappearance of clouds under the Fidl Moon — a meteorological fact, (for as such we think it fully entitled to rank,) for which it is necessary to seek a cause, and for which no other rational explanation seems to offer. As for any other influence of the Moon on the weather, we have no decisive evidence in its favor. — HerscheVs Astronomy. M. Arago has shown, from a comparison of rain, registered as having fallen during a long period, that a slight preponderance in respect of quantity falls near the New Moon, over that which falls near the Full. This would be a natural and necessary consequence of a preponderance of a cloudless sky about the Full, and forms, therefore, part and parcel of the same meteorological fact, (above mentioned.) — Ibid, Note. It is a common belief that a change of weather and wind is to be expected, if not at every change of the Moon, at least much oftener at the changes than in the intervals. This opinion, when not absolutely received as true, is usually treated as the extreme of absurdity. It is, in truth, neither the one nor the other, as the following considerations will show: The atmosphere is continually undergoing a slight alteration from the effects of the Tide. At New and Full Moon (or rather a little after these phenomena) there are those great Tides called the Spring Tides, arising from the action of both luminaries ; at the Quarters the same luminaries oppose each other, and the Quarters are followed by the smaller floods, called Neap Tides. What effect may be produced by this succession of smaller aud greater oscillations of the sea, which must produce oscillations of the atmosphere, it is impossible to say beforehand. Again, we know nothing of the electric action of either luminary upon the earth, or whether any or what electric state may depend on their relative position. We have, therefore, abundant grounds, a priori, to abstain from formiug any opinion on the effect of the heavenly bodies upon the weather. So far, however, as observa- tions have been made and compared, there is no reason to confirm the common notion that a change of the Moon is accompanied by a change of weather. With regard to a great many other asserted effects of the Moon upon animal and vegetable life, it can only be said that there is no conclusive evidence for or against them ; nothing but a loDg series of observations can settle such points, and this is not likely to be made (or if made, to be made fairly.) by those who have predetermined the questions the one way or the other. — Penny Cyclopedia. Abbreviations used in Calendar. M— Morning Sat — Saturn E or Ev — Evening Mer — Mercury Ve — Venus Ma — Mars Jup — Jupiter 7 *e — Seven Stars Per — Perigee Ap — Apogee ris or r — rises so's — souths conj — conjunction inf. conj — inferior conjunction sup. conj — superior conjunction e. e — elongation east e. w — elongation west THE SOUTHERN ALMANAC. 23 Gardener's Chronicle. JANUARY. — In the more Southern States much may now be done in the way of Gardening — at least in the preparation of the soil and planting the more hardy crops. Radishes may be sown sparingly from time to time. Trees and shrubbery maybe transplanted and pruned. Horse radish cuttings put out. . at intervals ; some may be frosted, but try it again. Sow cabbages, Iti'uce, spinach, parsley, beets, carrots, salsafy, parsnips, turnips, asparagus. Plant Irish potatoes. Celery earth up. FEBRUARY. — Plant peas, beans. Sow cabbage and cauliflower seed. Remember, highly-enriched and well-tilled soil will alone pro- duce good crops of the cabbage tribe, which embraces the turnip and ruta baga. Transplant cabbage plants from previous sowings, also the lettuce plants. Sow spinach, radishes, carrots, ])arsnips, salsafy and beets. Asparagus beds re dress. Grafting execute, if the buds have not started. Sqicashes and melons plant, but have at baud the means of protection against bard weather. Early 'com may be planted. Plant Irish potatoes, sow peas, and stick those of previous plantings, if advanced. MARCH. — Peas continue to plant. Cabbage transplant. Remember to have tine head cabbage and lettuce, deep culture aud highly-manured soil is requisite. Onions and leeks sow. Potatoes plant. Carrots and parsnips sow, if enough were not sown, last mouth. Mustard, cress aud curled lettuce, for small salad, sow once a fortuight. Tomato sow iu warm situation. Sow peppers, melons, cucumbers, olra, squash, pumpkins, celery and asparagus. Strawberry beds set out. Beans plant; they thrive best where the manure is broadcast and dug in. The common practice of manuring iu the hill is defective in dry sea- sons, for obvious reasons ; indeed, this remark applies generally ; fertil- izers should be distributed aud mixed with the soil to enable vegetables to stand drought. APRIL. — Plant beans and sow peas. Transplant cabbage. The plants set out in March will require culture. Deep tillage is demanded by the cabbage tribe. Sow cauliflower, broccoli, carrots, parmips, beets. Sow leeks for wintev use. Lettuce may be transplanted or drilled where intended to head. Sow celery, plant more cucumbers, melons and squashes. Okra sow, if not done before. MAY. — Plant beans. Sow cabbage for winter. Sow cauliflower, broccoli, radishes, spinach. Melons, cucumbers aud squashes may be put in. Corn plant for succession. Peppers and tomato sow for plants to be set out for later crops. Sweet potato sprouts set out in suitable weather. If carrots be sown, the ground should be shaded and kept moist for some time, or they will be killed by the sun. JUNE. — Plant beans, transplant cabbage, cauliflowers and broccoli ; and seed may be sown as a succession for autumn headiug, but it ia uncertain. Cucumbers, melons and squashes may be planted. Sow* tomato for a succession. The chief labor in the garden had better be directed to what is already in growth ; but few seeds sown in hot wea- ther in a Southern climate will repay the trouble. JULY. — Plant beans, transplant cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli; transplant leeks ; sow carrots and parsnips, if needful. A few turnips may be sown. Transplant celery for early supply, aud prepare trench- es for the main crop. Spinach may be sown towards the close of the month. Irish potatoes plant. Cucumbers, for pickles, plant. Sow the ruta baga turnip, which is a most wholesome food for man and beast. 24 THE SOUTHERN ALMANAC, i Usually, at t.r>is season, the extreme beat and drought make it difficult to get seeds to vegetate. If failures occur, the oa!y remedy is to try again, under more favorable circumstances. AUGUST. — Cabbage sow to head iu November ; also sow, and trans- plant from earlier sowing, cauliflower, broccoli, onions, for autumn ; car' rots, squash, rufa bac/a sow for main stock, to make up deficiencies in July sovviug. Turnips, for table use, sow at short intervals. Radishes aud beets maybe sown, but it may require several sowings before they are successful, owing to the heat. Seeds directed to be sown this month, it may be necessary to defer until the next, by reason of heat and drought. SEPTEMBER. — Sow turnips, ruta bac/a, beets, Swiss chard, carrots, parsnips, salsafy, lettuce, spinach, onions, radishes, endive. Plant beans. Transplant ruta bagas, cabbages, cauliflowers, broccoli, celery, lettuce, leeks. OCTOBER. — Sow cabbages, turnips, radishes, carrots, lettuce, spinach, salsafy, parsnips, ruta baga. Transplant cabbages, cauliflower, broccoli, onions, lettuce, leeks and endive. Plant garlick and eschallots. Aspara- gus be Js dress. Strawberries transplant. Sow peas. . NOVEMBER. — Sow peas ; if they escape the frost, they will be ready for use in April. Sow cabbage, carrots, turnips, radishes, lettuce, beets, salsafy. Transplant cabbages, lettuce, onions and leeks. Asparagus beds dress. , DECEMBER. — Sow peas, radishes, carrots, spinach, salsafy, lettuce, cabbages, beets, parsnips. Transplant cabbages, lettuce and onions. Peas may be sown this month. Irish potatoes may be planted ; they will come up so early as to have their tops destroyed by frost, but they will not be materially injured by this. All seed sown during this month, except spinach and peas, must be protected during cold weather, Prune fruit trees, vines, etc. Contents of the Almanac. EXPLANATION'S A.ND DIRECTIONS 2 RISING-, &c, OF MOON, PLANETS AND STARS 3 HO W TO SET A TIME PIECE 3 TO MAKE A NOON-MARK 4 MEAN TIME AND APPARENT TIME 4 CHRONOLOGICAL CYCLES ;. 5 MO VABLE FESTIVALS OF THE CHURCH 5 SEASONS— THEIR COMMENCEMENT. 5 ASPECTS OF THE PLANETS 5 ECLIPSES 6 TIDES 6 CALENDAR— JANUARY, &c 1 to 18 DECLINATION OF SUN AND MOON'S PLACE. . . .19 to 21 INFLUENCE OF THE MOON UPON WEATHER, d'c 22 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN CALENDAR 22 GARDENER'S CHRONICLE .23 Hollinger Corp. pH8.5