COL. GEORGE WASHINGTON FLOWERS MEMORIAL COLLECTION DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY DURHAM. N. C. PRESENTED BY W. W. FLOWERS Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 https://archive.org/details/someobservations01phil 5 0 M fi OBSERVATIONS ON THE Two Camp^gns againil the Indians^ m 1760 and ijti^ m I N A Second LETTER from Psilopatiijo^ Ita cuique eveniat ut de republica raeruit : Cl6« Facts and Dates are ftubborn Thing*. CflAlt.tES-TO WN: fruited Md Sol d by PETER TIMOTHT* Q A [s: 1 o 305150 other was not toO» has been often admired at; ?e was certainly expe^cd at the time: however, as it wat not, the infinuations therein, as Well as the co!onci*$ difficulties, were only laughed at, and foon forgot by pioft of the gentlemen that faw that letter. And. aa not onr of the Rangers, or their oncers, were ever called to account by the colonel for their behaviour ^ ' ®^ aftion, though he certainly might and ough^ r^^^^Xo have done it, the public^as fatisfied their condu«St x will be fliewn to be very (hameful and precarious $ and that he may be fent to us perhaps a third time to compleat his work, the confequence of which will: be pointed at. lam now, in the firft place, to prove, from the colonel's letters, efpecially from the firft, that hb had the principal diredion of the campaign in 1 760 1 and confequently, that to him we and our pofterkjr will be lon^ indebted, in the higheft degree^ for the mighty wonderful feats done therein. This having been of late made a queftion by fomefew, who, partis cularly fince col. Grant- favoured us with his laft "vifit, have complimented col. M y wltll it^ makes it neceffary to difcufs it here in limine ; an^ how can we decide this point better, than by the a(t- liftance of thefe two letters, which were both laid be- fore the legiflature of the province, and the firft pri|«^. ted by authority, the only one^t was fo during thait campaign ? Col. M — — y, ^i* generally bclievetf, had the the Name, which i*^ not wortn difputing about: but who ajumed thtTni^o is the queftipn. It plainly appears then, by the firft letter, i)eyond^alI contradifglit to any ftiarc in, unlcfs in entirely mtrring thf good effeas of it, by that fingular iJl- timed " dan fay "* of his, which not pnly rendered that aftion altogether ufclefs, but made it prejudicial too. Henceforward, when I fpeak of the colonel, withoijt mentioning any pamc, I would be underftood to mean coL GRANT, and him only^ I (hall now proceed to (hew, that the colonel loft ^wo fine opportunities in 1760, of relieving Fort Lou- doun, and glorioufly and cfFedually iinifliing the war pirith the Cherokees- The ^rft and btft opportunity of all was loft, by thf ill judged unaccoyntable /iclays at Keehowee, after the ^urpiizc of »he Lower Settlements ; for, had a proper |ind fpeedy advantage been taken of the apprehei:iionf| fhofe Indians were then undoubtedly under, the army inight, immecJi^tely after that ftroke, have run thfoJf>h all the towns in the nation, with little hazard, as th<; terror of it would have fprea^, fafter than the troopt cp\i\d have marched, and they would have been in th^ piid& of the Indian towns, one after another, in al| probability, before thp Chprotees could have had time ^o recolle^ themfelves, and ad properly in their own iijcfcnce : befides this, the uncommonnefs of the thing, «vouId have made a durable impre^on on thofe fa v ages, and not unlikely on their abettors, the Creeks too, to chft honour and dread of his majefly's arpis for many gene- rations, and the lafting fecurity of this his province, This fuppofitlon cpl. Grant cannot poflibly obje£l to as improbable, becaufe he has faid, f wi Jkall maku ^feofTiftoey^ t^c/to infer ^ their nation^ th(it tbmgh $hey ARE IN OVR POWER, VJi are rea4y to give them pace "I From this fpeech to our lieiitfnant- governor loo, whom fi|rcly he woujd npt, for the good of hit majefty's fervipc ant) the fafety of the province, endea- vour to deceive, it plainly appears, he cannot d«ny this ftep to have been feafible. Now let us fee if \t wat not abfolutely neceflary too. Had the ittcmpt been inade, and fuccefs crowned it, the utmoft cxpedationt and wi0ies of the people would have been thereby an- 0UN, " the latter then in a known miferable ftarying condition, as appeared from a letter, in the weekly gazette, from that garrifon, by the exprefs that paflc^ through the camp (mentioned in letter 8i) when at Ninety-Six, with difpatches dated from thence the 17th of May, at which time they, after having bartered cway every things eyen their Jhirts and blankets^ yet had not five weefs provi/ion left, " Ought not every motive ef honour, generofity and humanity too, to have concurred to excite a fpeedy endeavour to relieve fhofe forlorn people, even if col. Grant had not de- clared the nation to be ** im his power ? h^t as he did, what could be his motive to hefitate ? was there a moment to fparc ? Is it ufual, when^ si garrifon is redu- ced to the laft extremity^ to defift from taking all ad- vantages of an enemy, efpecially 2 favage one, when not only our friends liberties, but their lives too, were inow/f to be at flake ? why then were three weeks fuffered feelingly to be trifled away at Keehowee, for runners t9 go backwards and forwards upwards of 300 miles, by that means give fome pf the Rangers time and occafioh to cool, bedifgufted, and defert; our friendly Indians to leave us ; and the Cherokees an opportunity to recover their fpirits and defpife us, to fteal our horfes, and coJ- left themfclves together by calling in all their hunters ? and, above all, to rifque the lives of above 200 fellowr fubje£b at Fort Loudoun, then loofced upon by the Indians as their certain prey ? when, by co\. Grant**! largeft accounts, we had but 40 Indian prifoners, and all of them, excepting two or three, women and chil- dren (and the women they are known to regard very .litple} tQ iafure our 200. Could it be thought, the Chf- 1 Km* will t t6 t too tHiith e^daufted hy fhort allowaiice and hid pt4^ ▼ifions ? and farther^ to make fils majcfty's armi appeaf ftill more contemptible to the Indians, by fuch dcfpicablc childifli threats, mere gafconading 1 ^which I am forry to fay has beeji kept too ftcadily ks ever iince, and with juft at much fuccefs. 'Tis true, the colonel fays, " in my OWm eptntsfi^ 'tis mxt to impoffihU for us ta think of proceeding over thi mountains ; and if they had not been furprized^ the verp country we hafte been in was iihpra£tibU^ ^f ^^ty had fpi^ rity which / much doubt of. This is the firft hint of any objeaioh to go to Fof t troodoun, which wa^ fo new and furpuxing to the affembly, that, in theif anfwer to his honour the lieutenant-governor's congra- tulatory meifige, fcnt them on the fuccefs at the Low- er-Towns, together with the colonel's letter, they could not help joining with his honom- in fentiments, and words too, that " that important event might be a tneans of refioriiig and eftablijhing peace with the Indiant Mpona fure and lafling foundation^ ir proferly im^ PROVED. " Thcfe w«rds of his honour, were the« thought ominous, and to dlude to the above expreiEon' 6f the colonel's. — » How could the colonel, ^onfiftent with the above declaration, write to his honour^ " thi nation was in our power ^ " and threaten, if the upper Indians, or thofe over the mountains " did not come « to treat, " to lay all " their towns in ajhes or, how could he defire the governor « to encourage fame of the Rangers to carry fiour and cattle to Fort Loudoun "A Could part of the Rangers do, what Was «^ next to im^ fojfible '* for the whole army to do ? I believe the colonel was, refolv'id indeed, not to proceed, ovef' the mountains ; " and, that his own opinion " shoUlUT prevail, notwithftanding " he much doubted of the In-- diansfpiriti " the only thing that could prevent him^ —but more of this by and by. If it was never intended to go over the moun" lains " to Fort Loudoun, what can be the pretence for not pufliing immediately as far as was ? the utmoff expedition was required, as well to return to the gft ME^y » to relieve that garrifon ; thii would havir t 1 laved time at Icaft, and added no little weight atiA authority to the exprefs to the Littlc-Carpenter. If the tticffenger, together with Tiftowih and the Old- War- rior of Eftatowih, could have aflured the upper nation^ that the army fet out with them, the Little Carpen- ter would then have had fomething to work upon their fears, and urge them to fecure the garrifon for their friends, by laying them in immediately the corn re- quired, which in all probability would have been dond too, had the army marched With the melTengers, *tis well known they were much frightened when they firft heard of the troops deftroying the Lower Towns : but when they had time and opportunity given themt to make ufe of evafions, was there room to expeO: any other? efpecially, as the army's unaccountable halting muft certainly look fufpicious, and give thefc wily people juft reafon to think (as 'tis known they did) that the colonel was afraid of proceeding further; and in the interim while they were amufing us, muft not this fufpicion, efpecially at that moft critical junc- ture, be a fine topic for their warriors to enlarge upon in their town-houfes, to excite their nation to conti- nue a refiftance which that circumftance, and that OKLY, made fo likely would terminate in their favour to the utmoft of their moft fanguine wifhes ? I am very forry to be obliged to acknowledge hcrCj Ihat the province did not, juft at that time, properly •onfult ^fcSr own fafety, and ad with that fpirit it apparently has ever fmcc. Of this the remarka- ble regiment of looo men, fo haftily voted for the 13th of February 1760, to be raifed, paid, and dif- charged again by the ift of July following, is a very confpicuous inftance. The members then met toge- ther (only 21 befides the fpeaker) were divided in their opinions of the proper meafures to be taken at that xnoft critical junaurc j ten were for agreeing with the committee, to provide for only 500 men, proceed with f#me Rangers, to relieve Fort Prince George, at that time clofely bcfct by the Indianif this the other eleven difagrccd to: immediately after thit, a motion Wa3 made and carried, to provide for C 1000 i '8 ] xooo men ; and in about tien refolves, pne after, ano- ther, the pay of the officers and men was determined upon ; but two more refolutions at the ciofe, that the field-officers pay (hould not commence 'tlli the regt- tnent was formed, nor that of the captains 'till they had raifed half their men, together with no tents be- ing allowed, bounty-money, or even prefent pay pro- vided, efFedually deftroyed every thing that was car- ried before : whether its being almoft a bare houfe, or what elfe prevented that necefTary matter being then properly and ufcfully defigned, is difficult to fay; however, this is certain, that the gentleman that made the motion was, the fame evening, very forry he had not joined the other ten, and fo carried the 500 men only, which, 'tis not unlikely, woyld have been better en- couraged and provided for; but, the end of his mo- tion was, in order to relieve Fort Loudoun, which, in the mefTage to the governor upon thefe matters, was THEN very rightly declared by the houfc, as not to be done by the province in its prefent calamitous Jiate^ for before that mefTage was ordered to be drawn, when the two lafl refolves were carried, many gentle- men thought not an hundred men of that regiment would ever be fecn together, and fo it proved. The fmall-pox then raging in Charles-Town, prevented the public bufinefs being carried on in a proper man- ner, as confiderably above half the members of the houfe, upon that account, were afraid of coming to town, which in all probability was the princi- pal reafon of matters being carried in that uncom- mon manner at that time ; for they no fooner met in larger numbers at the ferry, but every thing went in a prudent, proper, and fpirited manner. Could that regiment have been raifed, that, with the Rangers then provided for, would have been thought full fuffi- cient to have gone to Fort Loudoun. Mofl of thofe gentlemen that were for the regiment, were of opi- nion general A mherfl could not have been able to fpare , us any men, from that important campaign he was then engaged in, and therefore the matter feemed to depend on ourfdvc? entirely : The other gentlemen flat- attered themfelvcs he would, and . were not diYap- ointcd; indeed the excelUnt badnefs of that fchemc luft have occafioned their fuccefs, as it muft have een abfolutely impoffible for a gentleman of the tenth art of his excellency's penetration and judgment in iihtary affairs, to whom a copy of thefe extraordinary otes of the houfe were fent by governor Lyttelton, o be a moment in fufpence to give them their juft -eight, and be at the fame time convinced, how little e were acquainted, at that time, with the proper ncouragement to raife troops j and the large detach- ment of picked men he fent us fo immediately after- ards, which he could very illy fpare at that impor- ant feafon, fufficiently (hews his excellency placed O dependancc on the afTembly's refolves in that atter, exclufive of the many difficulties he mitrht ap- prehend from the fmall-pox, then knovjn to be°raging amongft us. However, the fame cxcufe may be pleaded, for this government's adling in this manner at this time, as has been pleaded by all the Northern provinces, when firft jn like circumftances ; none of them (when under no providential diftrefTcs) took lefs time than Carolina to recollea themfelves and aa properly; the war was entered into only a few months before ; time and ex- perience had not then convinced us of our errors, and taught us to fall upon the propereft expedients ; indeed when the people did, fo foon as Auguft following, they proved to no purpofe ; but this was not the fault oi the reprefentativis of the province, who aaed pro- perly ; not a moment's time was loft by ihenty after the troops returned from the Cherokee country ; at thit period, and ever fince, they have aaed with as much fpint as any aflembly in America without ex- ception. ^^""'^"^ ^^^^^ marched inta the Cherokee country, an entire dependance was pla- ced on them, that they would certainly do our bufinefs, as they were reckoned io fully fufficient, that all other cxpencc to raife more men was thought abfolutely needlefs. The army certainly might have gone h C 2 I i f } Hffjr tdm in the nathn^ " as col. Grant himfclf, In hit fccond letter, tells us, even after the adion at Etchowih. or, in other words, might have gone through the na- tion ; no pretence of want of men there hinted at, at one of the caufcs of their return i but the impraaabili- ty of carrying their wounded with them : ♦ And that there was no complaint of this fort, when the army marched from Ninety- Six to the nation, appears by the letter dated from thence (N». 8i) which tells ut j^38 were LEFT, as fcouting parties, to guard the tack fettlemcnts, a fervice that might have been done according to law by the militia of the province ; be- fides, the fcttlers thereabouts would have chearfully done that fafe. and eafy duty for the fliort time wanted, if thofe fcouts could not have been fpared. In Ihort, and branded with infamy > But, on the contrary, their general behaviour in that adion, was applauded in numbers of letters. A particular fellow or two might have behaved " infamotifly " (though I don't know of any that did) as will often be the cafe among a body of ir.cn, which will always pafs unregarded by the can- did. Who could hw cxprcfied himfelf more ftrongly in? their favour, than the colonel himfelf, in his iirft let- ter, dated only 24 days before this aftonifhing change ? where, after a long encomium on their good beha- viour, andfdcfiring his honour to thank them for it, he concludes, *' in Jhsrty I an extremely pleafed. with THE WHOLE." Can any man, the leaft acquainted with^ Cm nature, be made to believe, that any confidcr- body of troops, confiding of two diftin6l corpy )orc regulars and provinciiils) of fame nation, have behaved fo extremely well at one time, as the whole to merit applaufc, and, only 25 dayS fol- lowing, that one of thcfc fame corps, fiill adding :A conjundicit I. — J of tK^ regulars ; whkh is not very far from a proparr* tion» and yf^hhou^^rf crate bed men too; and ouf people acquainted with thf Indian nianntf of iightingi^ ^^ould occafionally, according to the Amt rican cuftonii^^ take to trees, cfpccially the handful that were on ad- vanced parties, hy themfelves, which would, and ve- ry likdy did, fave many. The behaviour of the colonel, then only msjor Grant, to our ' neighbours the Virginians, at Fort du Quefne, in 1 758, v/ill alfo give fome light into this aftair of our Rangers, as thefc two caiTcs are not a lit le fimi-f lar. W c were then told^ the major conduQed the march fo-y that the furprise \tds compleat; and the enterprize muji have fuccecdedy but for an ahjohie difbbedience of or- ders^ tn a provincial officer, the night ih^y reached the, Ohio : and by this man's quitting his poji next morning^ the party wcis in a manner cut to pieces. Thi» mart mud have been either major Lewis or capt. Bullet, the only provincial ofHcers who commanded any feparate parties. But capt; Bullck, after a ufeful and nobld Hand, was obliged to retreat, aild got flife back to thd army ; where, we find, on account of thefe infmua- tions, he defired, and obtained from general Forbes, ii court martial on his c^ndadl:, which was approved of, and he of confequencc acquitted with honour. Major Lewis was unfortunately taken prifor-er witli major Grant, and remained upwards of a year in cap* tivity ; and, at his return, we find him continued ir\ his rank in the Virginia regiment, which is no lign of any mifbehaviour of that gentleman : And, wheihcc major Grarit's being taken prifoner, and general For- ties's fuccefs, and then dying while he was fo, were lucky or unlucky circumflances to hiin at that time,, is not a little dubious; but, 'tis more han probahlo they aloi^e prevented that mifcarruge being ftridly and properly enqiiirtd into, which no dzuht the colo- nel iamenis. But pray give me leave to recom- tnend to your perufal, that part of general Forbes's expedition that reiates to this affair, and the very hu^ inourcus anfwer thereto by a New-Englan>'man, as^ vou will £;^d ihem ia th^e Gcnilcnv^n's Maga^^incs foi ....,.:L..iv:...,.,.,...^ ...,L.....^prU [ 1^ 1 Ap>n and May 1759 ; I am pcrfuadcd they will not only clear up feveral matters very fimiLar to the point before us, but highly divert you befidcs. In that af* fair, as w Jl a? this, it was ahjolutely neujjary to lay the blapie fomembere^ and where could it be poflibly more judicioujly and canveniently pLccd in both, than on the provincials^ who, to be fure, know nothing ot military matters, even regarding thsir next neighbours the hdian^. Now fupoofing nsw raifed provincials are not ALWAYS to be compared with new raifed regu- < lars, is it much to be wondered at ? Is it not rather to •be expe^ttd, they will grow vjorfe and loorfe ? Where is the encouragement for any gcntlcm^-n in the pro- vinces, of fpirit and fortune, who have abilities, to turn out I Have they ever an opportunity of shewing them ? Are they not alw*iys commanded ? Qf what a- vail are the new regulations by adt of parliament ia their favour I Will not, and does not, a brevet, a particular commillion, and even a rotation commif- jion, fuperccdc, notwidiftanding that acft, a provincial i)iliccr, 'of ar^y rank, merit, or itanding whatever ; as well in purely Indian matters as others ? A.nd not- withflaKding this great and cokJI ant care to put \i out of their power to do any mifchief, yet (to conclude this head with the judicious New- England man) " Un- happy provincials f if fuccefs attends where you are joined vjlth the regulars^ they claim all the honour^ though not a Unth part of your number : if dlfgrace^ it is all yours ^ though you happen to be hut a fmall part of the whole, and have no command ; [the exnct caie of ours] as ifi regulars we^'g in their natures invincible when not mixed, %vith provincials^ and provincials of no kind of valut, without regulars, " Now let me proceed to the fecond opportunity the colonel, in all probability, loft, of effectually and glo-- rioufly finifhing the war with the Cherokees, by hii unnecefTary return from Etchowih, Here, though feveral very forcib'e arguments ad hominem might be drawn up, from the 40 dead bodies that he tells us, fix days after the a£lion, fo grave- ly ax;d pgfitivdyj without any rcfiricllQU wbatcyejc. r 30 J ^ P^Wirg found in ihrte different hcksy " to convince you how fuch a circumftancc muft naturaJJy have fpi- ritcd up the forces to proceed, efpccially as that num- ber IS of IT4ELF double of our killed, notwiihftand- ing the Indians were fo advantagcoufly ported; yet I fliall make no ufe of it at all to that purpofe ; and here I am forry, that it is entirely out of my power to a- ▼Old perhaps giving offence to my readers o/ fentiment and delicacy, by cal ing this a moft barefaced attempt to impofe on the public, by this his ipfc dixit alone, imftipported by any evidence, and void of even the kaft appearance of probability to any attentive and re- Jeamg reader: for, was not the march JioU upon, the Indians in the nighty in ordtr to get clear of the dan- lerom p^Jes near that town " ? Does not the colonel lay hinifelf, « the Cherekets^ &c. gave us no trouble 'till vjegot near (the town) Etchoe " Does he not farther reprefcnt the place of adion, where this trouble hap- pened, as having paffes, « the Indians had taken tof^ fejjion of every pafi ? Were not then thefe at leait, lomc of the paffes that the night march was to avoid ? It fo, is there any probability of any party's being fo «^wl eyed at to dif over thcfe three holes? farther, who, the Icafl acquainted with the Indians cuftoms, can think, that they would leave their friends bodies foexpofcd,upon fo fufpicious a place as the field of battle, lor above two days; when, at fix miles diflance from the army, they had fo many fine opportunities, during that time, of carrying them ofF, at leaft of burying them, when they took the pains to throw them into holes? and if they were buried, as letter 87 fays the next day (the 28 h) the Indians iwent to bury their dead, ^nd they fcratched up curs and left them above grcund\* ii it credible, that any man would wait to dig them up and count them, when 'tis well known the army inarched that night, and the fucceeding day, to their old camp near War-Woman's creek, which, accor- ding to the fame letter, is 30 miles ? What time, in this cafe, had any party, fuppofmg them equipped with fpades, if not, with long nails, to be fo dangeroufly curious? If there was a party, who wa? thecftccr? If f 3T J Tf a fuigle pcrfon was fo hardy, what Wa« hit nam^ and charaftei ? Thcfc were qucftions often aiked, bj^ numbers of gentlemen of theaifcmbly, betides others^ when the army returned, cfp cially when it became ne- cclTary to fcrutinize into the particulars of the colonel's letters, to take ofF that fatal influence they had upon *oo many (which I pointed out in my laft) who could not think any gcntl'^man that regarded his charadter, and cfpecially one that bore fo confiderable a commiffion iii his majefty's fervice, would at empt to aflert any thing fo roundly, of Aich confequence too, that be could not fupporf : But, notwithftanding this ftri£l enquiry, by fuch numbers, neither the party, ror a fmgle man of any char-£ler, could ever be named, that faw this re- markable phoenomcnon, though from the colonel's own words *^ ^uere found and thofe of his adopted letter N'. 87 wi had occafion to fee^ " &c. this mutt be thought to be a notorious and general faft, that every man in the army knew, or might know, the certainty of. Now, though I dcfpifed taking any advantage, ta prove the point before us, from the laft article, w^hich is given up as altogether fabulous ; yet the colonel muft not be allowed to take any, in his marvellous ac- count of the wounded, reprefcnted to be, every em of them, in a terrible condition, beyond probability : in* deed, it may be called a traveller's letter altogether^ for not one thing in the ordinary way happened to this gentleman during that campaign. The return referred to in letter N°. 87, tells us, there were 20 killed and 27 wounded, 67 rank and file, i drummer, i ferjeant, Mr. Monro, furgcon's they had been tried. Now, Sir, the mift being fo far cleared away, ii to enable u$ to difcern things a little more in their na- tural proportions, let us return to our point, and en- quire, whether the adual condition of the army at this time at Etchowih, only 20 killed, 27 at moftdifabled, and 50 (lightly hurt, made it advifeable for the colo- nel, merely out of compaflion for the wounded, to return ; not run off", by no means, my gentle reader, think fo; none but Rangers aft fo " moji infamoujly as that : The colonel, he, truly, at midnight (N^. 87) {leaving the huu fldnding and fires burnings) *" STOLE " away, very quielty and Jlowly^ ONLY 30 miles ! not a ftep farther, before he camp'd ; fo eefy and gentle a march in that fmsoth level country, could not pofftbly you know even dtfturby much lefs dtftrefs the wounded j befides, what an aftonifhing efFeft this inconceivable piece olfmart generalfliip muft have had upon the favages ! In (hort, this warlike ftratagem» equally furpriied all fides. The Indians were as fur- prized in the morning, to find the troops were on their march back, as they^ it is well known, were all furprized at midnight, with fuch marching orders; and the whole province was furprized at the reafoiis given, after fo many and fo great encouragements that the colonelj by his oWn accounts, appears to have had to proceed. Could it be expeded, to penetrate int6 the Cherokee country without one general hrujh^ even before, and much lefs after, the fufpicious and fliamcful delays at Keehowee, which forved no pur- pofe but to ihftil a mechanical unknown courage into the Indians, by finding their continual irifults tamely (and as THEY faidj ndt warrior-like borne by the co- lonel ? After fo many incitements for the Indians to ftand one general " brujh^ " could it be expected to lofe fewer men than he did ? Did the colonel think there would be nO wounded ? If he thought otherwife, why did not HIS infuperable difficulties, about themy prevail at Keehowee, and prevent his mar-ching from thence at all ? He tells us himfelf, " we might have gone to any town in the nation ; " and who doubts it ? why did he not go then ? « // was ahfolutely imfraai^ E cahli V ^Ble to proceed with the wounded, " Why was not t poft fixed, to fccure them ? He no where gives ifs- the rcafon ; and dots not venture to fay openly himfclf^ tha he had not men enough to fpare, for that pui pofe : however, as he fays fo throu2^,h hig adopted letter (87) let us quo:e that entire curious paJfTage here, ** the tcwns of the Middle- Settlements^ fatisfied by this time that they could not obJiru£t cur prcgrefs^ had nothing for it hut to carry every thing &way ; and our number of isioundr td made it impracticable'' (his own word) «* carry them farther : rue had no FORT to lodge them in, nor could we SPARE a detachment to cover them ; hu^ manity could not allow of their being left a facrifice^ for the fake of burning a parcel of empty houfes. '* Here^ Sir, the whole difficulty, that occafioned this famous return^ is fakl to be, the want of forts^ and want of fpare men to cover the wouiKled. Did not capt. Pe- ter Gordon glaringly (hew, how cafily both thcfc pre- tences might be obviated ? Did not that brave officer^ from the beft poft he could FIND, beat off the difFc- rent attacks of " the Indians, " repeated for fo' many hours, notwithftanding he was then fo hampered with fuch a number of pack-horfes before y and cattle ieh'md? And did he net do it effcdlually, fo as to fave EVERY THING ; " not fo much as (%^) « a hag of flour lofl by the eiiemy^ or a buiiock. '* Is not this a KNOWN and alhiued hdi^ that capt. Gordon did fo ? If he had not, I don't know what the colonel "Would have done for his break faft next morning, or his troops either, unlefs their knapfacks were fulij but perhaps he would rather have gone without, to have had a better excufe for returning. The leavinp; the cattie and pack-horfes fix miles behi?id h'm, for fi many hours^ looks a little fufpicious ; efpecially after lie had wrote from Keehowee, *' in MY OWN opi^ niany Uis next to impojfibley for us to proceed over thi mountains^ " and fecms, as if he was determined, to make his opinion good. What elfc can account tof fuch conduct? If two hundred men, which were the jnoft that capt. Gordon had with him, including pro- ?^cia]«j RAfi^eiSi piickho^fcoi^u, &c» could, fronv V t 35 ] tfee beft poft they could /W, or rather r.o pofl at alU defend themfelves fo Jong and fave every things'' what danger could the^e be, when a poft might have been CHOSEN OUT, intrenched and ftockaded, in little time and with cafe, of a few men, free from all incum- brances y defending the wounded from any attacks whatever of the Indians ? Would not their feeble at- tempts, fo far from being dreaded, been laughed at I Were Indians alone ever known to attack the llighteft ftockadc or entrenchment by affault, much leS the cowardly Chcrokees ? Might not what materials the ruined houfts did not fupply have been eafily furnifhed from ihe neighbouring wooers? Would not this have eafed the wounded greatly, fuppofing they had been left atEtchowih, where, by the colonel's correded account of letter 87, there were provifions full fufficient for thefe people, wi hout taking any from the army, ex- cepting a little beef, for a change ? Though it would perhaps have been rather more fpirited, and anfwered fcyeral good purpcfes, to have carried the wounded with them one very cafy march more {not even 30 miles) or a ftcond, if they were not attacked in the firft, and thert left them in a poft : Would not 20 men^, be- fides the 50 that were fo flightly hurt, with a few ri- Hes from the Rangers or provincials, been fully fufti- dent for this purpofe ? befides, carr)ing the difabled a march or two, might have deceived the Indians, and made them coLjeiSlure, this poft was more for the tired men, or other purpofes, than entirely with a dc- iign to fecure the wounded. Is thcrs any reafon to think the colonel might not have taken thefe fteps, and proceeded as far at Icaft as he did the fee on d cam- paign, but that he did not try ? And did not every motive, that could poiHbly actuate the mind of a mail of honour, urgently prefs the experiment at that time, even fuppofing the rifque had betn much greater ? Was he not convinced his enemies were ccntcmptibit' ? Were not the full 11 80 regulars, rank and fre, he hjd with him, including ferjean's, equal to any in his ma- jefty's fervice ? Did they fhew any figns of fear ? on the contrary, docs he not tcil us, U'c troops behaved i 1 [ 36 1 nmarkahly well " ? and had he not 270, rank s^^id of Rangers, and provincials befides, exclufivc of pack- horfe-men and guides ? Was he not acquain ed, at Ninety Six, with the ve*^y difagrfeable reu s fum thf Creeks" (81) who had juil murdered many of our tra- ders, and feemed to wait only the event of that expedi- tion to break out entirely againll us ? Did not this point out the neceffity of ftriking fomc blow, to inti- inidate thofe Indians, and make them give us fatisfad- tion ? Is it not wholly owing to the want ot fuch a blow, at that tipie, that we were obliged tamely to put up with fo many murders of our fellow- fuVjc6ls, by thefe wretches, in cool tlood, without darmg ever fmce to refent them ? Did he not recoiled too, that the honour of his majefty's arms was at ftake, when he Jlily ftole that furprizing march in the night, wliich though the Indians might admire, as the monkey did the wonderful feats of the rope-dancer, as very imart indeed conftdering who did thtm^ yet might they not have had the fame reafon as pug had, to think, they were nothing to what they could perform themfelves^ and therefore be plumed on thus difcovering their cwn fupe^ riority ? Bcfides thefe ftrong motives, where was his compaiHon that we have been told fo much of, and which alone induced him to return ? Was it all con- fined to his own wounded ? Had he no fellow feeling for our back-fettlers ; no bowels for the poor diftref- fed garrifon of Fort Loudoun, whom he had deceived too by tantilizing them with expectations of relief? Had the 200 poor fouls cooped up in that fort, any the leaft chance to efcape the butchering " hands of the favages '* but by his affiftance ? W as he not acquain- ted, before the march from Keehowee, there could bi? no hopes from Virginia ? an cxprefs having arrived at Charles Town from thence 13 days before, then bring- ing accounts, that only the 24th of the preceding month (May) the afiembly of that colony had p fled an a£l to make proviiisn for 700 men ; which it could liot poflibly be expelled, could be raifed, armed, fup- plied with carriages and provifions, and march, time enough to favc that garrifon. V I 37 ] But all thefc motives of encouragement, h-inour^ humanity, and necefSty, united toc^ether, we find were not fufficient, to prevail with the colonel, afcer one general " brujh " with the Indians, and that a fuccefsful one too, to march on ; *iis furprizing, that fuch an adept in Indian matters fhould not recoIlc£l, that no people under the fun are more remarkable than Indians, efpecially the cowardly Chcroke^s, for never rallying again, in a large body, if once routed; had bethought of this, he might have expcdied to have proceeded without interruption, but then, that would have been ading contrary to " his own " FiPvST <^ opinion, " Is it not a moft mortifying aggravjtion, to be told, at this moft calamitous jundu.e, we have fucceeded in every thing we have attempted }, the l/t^ dians have been heat everywhere-, they nevtr had the fmallcji advantage; " — " The Indians tvill not forget this attack foanJ" What does the colonel mean ? Was he fncering at our diftrefTes ; letting ks know, that hz could have anfwered the general's intentions, and af- fifted us, but would not I Upon the whole, miy not every man fee, the troops could not be feiifcrd vvith a pannic ? and I don't believe there is a man in the pro- vince thinks they were. What then could be the co- loners inducement to return -^t any rate P Was his honour offended at the provoking offic.odfnefs of the printers, or others, who had fopublicklv contradided his firft letter to our governor, by their impertinent title ? Did this therefore oblige him to think another expedition abfolutely necejfary^ where iie might have the NAME alfo, the only thing this then a^ing\\z\iitnzT\t colonel wan*^ed, to make a complete commander in chief, and, by an apparent cafy conqsefr, GAIN ALL to himfelf ? and that he was not wiihout exp -dations of returning agair, may be gathered, from his being heard to.tell fome g ntlcmcn, before he went away, th^c *' // was more than probahl^y he fnould rcturr. to Carolina againy before Chrifjnas ;'* about which time i.e accorc- ingly did return, not only a real lieutenant colonel of his majefty's 40th regiment, obtained in the interim (by liis merits perhaps in pcinfi?:gj 3.t New- York, but an ex- tfAodinar/ 14 t 3« i traordinary commander in chief befides : but thefc ciiv cumftances, however ftrong, to be furc, cannot, and ought not to, be expedted to have any weight, againft a gentleman fo extremely rcmarjcable for his delicacy, candour, and tenderncfs for the reputation of others. If general Amherft's orders were fo contrary (which is hardly credible) to his declaration to his honour the lieutenant governor, why did not the troops imme-* jdiately return after the furprize of the Lower Townsy without a moment's lofs of time ? It would certainly have been lefs prejudicial to have donp fo, and looked like difpatch, and not improbably have anfwcred all the purpofes thofe forces were fent for ; the general's, by rejoining, him early enough to be of feivice upon that moft important campaign he was then engaged in j and ours, by the ipifchief being done fo fuddenly and unexpcdledly, and the troops imipediately vanifhing,- having fuch a ftrong refcmblance to the Indians own manner of fighting, which they dread indeed^ that they might not unlikely, through apprehcnfions of fuch an- other dreadful and unlook'd for vifitin a different quar- ter, have been fo intimidated as to gi 'c us the fatisfa£iion we wanted. 'Tis furpri^lng this had no weight with the colonel, one fo thoroughly verffd in Indian matters ! As the affair was managed, that large detachment was not of the leaft fervice any where that campaign ; for it joined the general (as was before fuppofed it would) too late ; when his glorious bufinefs was compleatcd ; though the troops were uncommonly fortunate, for the time of year, in getting expeditioufly over the bar, and in having an unufual fine paflage to New- York. To us indeed, the army may be faid to havQ been of prejudice, for the ftroke at the lower fcttle- ments, though a fine one for a beginning, lofing all its favourable weight, by the fufpUious delays at Kec- howee, and the lamentable retreat from Etchowih that prefently followed, ferved only to exafperate ihofq Indians the more, which was, very foon after, woe- fully expcri-nc-d by our back fettlers : And our rc- prcfentatives in afilmbly, as foon as they were inforr- mcd the troops were oa their march back, were fo ?7 f 39 ] Ihuch alarmed tKcat, as immediately to dddrtft thi lieutenant-governor, and reprefentto him, that thtf apprehend-d thi province to be in a much more dangeroui fituation^ at this junSfure (iithof July) than 4t thg time the troops arrived here, *' Amongft fo many fcarcc plaufiblc cxcufes that the colonel makes for his RETURN, as he calls it, is it not furpri^ing^ that the only ihort and fufficient one (had it been true) (hould not be fo much as. once hinted, throughout this curious apologetical letter; I mean that which was verbally propagated, with fo much induftry, when the colonel, feveral days before the army, made his appearance amongft us, that the troops were obliged to come away as they did, and that it was never intended to go to Fort Loudoun at all. //i?/^ experience (hewn it to be fafer and eaficr, after fuch reports had anfwered their intended purpofes, fo unfay an hundred of them, ever fo univcrfiUy fpread, rather than one unguarded affertion cxpreffed in writing ? Though almoft endlefs reflexions might be made ticrc, on the colonel's letters relating to this campaign y yet I lhall conclude this head, with only one or twor obfcrvations more, and then pafs to the rext,«Ba»« yMgw. Firft then, let me aft, how the colonel came to know, that there was not an Indian within 60 miles $fthe fort 5 the frontier is therefore much advanced '* ? Was his camp near War- Woman' 3 creek half that diftance ? Did he not march to this camp the firffi day, upon his rerurn from Etchowih ? And does be not tell us, the Indians gave us no trouble the frjf day's march " ? And were they not fo complaifant, « the fecondy that they intended to entertain us in a very /Irong pafs " ? Indeed, if they had not waited on the' colonel fo far^ they muft have been very nimble the ^ext day after he marched from Keehowee, to have had it irt their power to refent the contempt he had fliewn their intended entertainment^ by killing and fcalp- fog one JcfFcrfon, a BufF foldier, in fight of Fort Piincc-GeoTgc : This is a known faft, and publickly itrentiowd at the time, though as publickly unfaid a- gaki^f 3/ f 40 J gain, and that in the fame paper too that informed tis, a week or two afterwards, of the colonel's return to Charles- Town, which he did, on particular bufinefs, Xoine days before the army rcimbarkcd. How will th^-colonel clear the following paffage of a glaring contra^ion, not to fav impofition. *' *Tts really unlucky^ that a peace cculd net be bi ought about \ we have fucceeded in every ihivg we have attempted : " Was not this peace attempted ? What elfc made him hall three fliameful weeks at Keehowec, before he marched ? Let us now proceed to make fome remarks on the fccond campaign, in 1761 ; in order, amongft other things, to cifcover, if the firft was of any, and whit life, to the fecond, as a matter of mere experience. Here, Sir, I muft acknowledge myftlf extremely puzzled, to find out any improvement made in the fecond, upon the firft campaign, notwithftanding the colonel was fo many months appointed to the com- mand before he took the field. The marches were certainly much more flow and tedious now than be- fore, and excepting that the pack-horfes were divided into brigades, and thefe feverally interfpcrfed, anp guarded by the different corps, a general famenefs ap- parently runs through both. This difpofition the colonel tells us, *« was right in the country we were to a£i in, " and to be fure kmujl be fo ; otherwife, were it not too prefumptuous, one would be apt to think that difpofition was more rightly calculated for the peo^ pie he was to a time, when itfclf was fo encumbered with two or three brigades of provifion-horfes, bcfides batt horfes, between it and the other. From the complaints in 1760, for want of pofls and fparc I 4t 1 fpirc m^n, it ihlght have been reafonably imaglnetf^ •that the colonel would, as he had if in his power, have remedied thofeHIS then infuperable difficulties, for furti- ly HE could not pretend to be any ftranger, either to the Indians want of fpirit, way of fighting, or na- tural advantages of fituation, after he had before {87) penetrated into their country, in fpight of the um^ ted force of lower ^ middle y and upper ChtrokeeSj I mean fuch at were difpofed for war^ which moji of them wcre^ txcepting a few old mtn t — and what is equal to forcing our way to their town and dejlroying them^ have returned and carried a large train of wounded mett^ Jixty miles at 'leafl>^ through the moft hazardous country in the world, in fpight y all their efforts to dijirefs us. " If any dif- ficulty ftill occurred to him, had he not time and op- portunity to get abundant fatisfa6lion, while in Charles- Town and in our fcttlemcnts, regarding the fituation, diftance, number of warriors and houfcs, &c. of every town in the nation ; and to provide himfelf with ho- neft intelligent guides, void of any little deftgn, '* and worth more than " a Jhilling " P Is it not rea- fonable to think, this experienced officer, fo well ac- quainted with every thing that could be neceflary tor the campaign, would take care to provide accordingly ? cfpeciallyj when he had fo much time, and might have taken much more if he thought proper, as there was no neceiTity for taking the field fo early as he did. Suppofing him thus furnifhed with every thing ne- ceflary, for it would be a reflexion on his military ca- pacity to think atherwifc, we will endeavour to fee, prefently, if with the troops he had when he marched from Keehowee, whether he might not have eone to the Valleys at leaft. Might it not, I fay, have been expcded, that th^- colonel would certainly have fixed pofts as he went zsi- long, to fecure the wounded, which we were told, in a remote frontier is a dijl r effing circumflancey "and // was abfolutely in.praaicab^e to proceed with them^ '* *\ nor could we fpare a detachment to cover them, " (87) Were there any complaints for want of men this laft fummclr, or any other affiftance whatever ? , Were not f about mbmt 50 negroes, at his own rcqticft^ furniflicd hirilp farticumrly for this purpofe ; as appears by his honour the lieutenant-governor's meff-gs to the aflembly, d9- • ted the 2d of April laft ? " CoL Grant , fomt days bi- f9re he mar the d M of town ^ reprcfented ta me^ that in f order to penetrate ints tht mtdfi 0} the Cherokee towns^ through their mountainous cou* try^ with the more fuccefi^ mnd with as much fafety as prjjible to the troapsy he ^rtf- pefed to fecure his communication with Fort Prince-^ George^ By ejiablijhing pofls as he advanced^ where he ' might lo^gc his wounded ^ ftcky and hisprovlfions ; ihere^ fore he thought itneceffary^ that I Jhould ajfiji him with about 50 able ntgroe men expert in the ufe of axes and fpades, — / thought it reafovahle to conjent thereto^ and dejireyouto make provifton for the y<7/w/.""— -Notwith- -ftanding he had thelc negroes, W2s any communica- tion fecured with Fort Prince George ; any poft efta- fclilhed at ali, excepting he four days 913 men, with the wounded', &c. halted 4t Cowhih, while the colo- •nd went with 1448- rank and file toStickowih branch; -were they not lugged about every where elfe with the army, for thirty days, from the ad^ on near Etchowih until its return to Keehowc e ? Does not this fbew the tendernefs for the wounded in 1760 a mere pretence t Does it not alfo plainly fhew, that the colonel was de- te-^minefi to avaLhimfelf of them this campaig^in an indired dangerous than any bifidei^ all the way even to Fort Loudoun P Yefy liotwithftanding all thcfe dangers and difficulties, did I70t the colonel cfFeaually accomplifh thefe defigns,i ivith that detachment only^ and return to the 913 at Cowhih. ^e^th dajr, abo^t J^x o^lQQfe witl\put t.b« i. \ lor$ of a man; or being fo much as fired unon, art3r , fnarchirgin all,backwards and forwards; full forty mile?, cqu.I, upon account of its difficulty, ahnoft to douhip ^ tJie dil.ance, of any route the army had already pafTcd, or were to pafs in their march back ? Does not ihw plainly fhew, hovv h.ppily, how honourably, and how eafily, all our difgraces, niiferies, and heavy taxe.', jnight have been pu^ an end to laft year, had no dci Jays been made at Kechowce, or had only one marcfi more been ventured upon from Etchowih ? The co^ 'Jonel, in 1760, in one lefpea, - would have run left .rifque than he did the year after, as the grand defiga was, or ouglrt to have been then, the rellel of fort Indians and negroes. Were not 800 out of the 1200 picked Royals and Highlanders he had in 1760,' l-eturned to New- York ? In the room of tb^fe, he. [Jiad 980 men, including fcrjcants, of tl>e battai'oa ,Corps and Burton's regiment, that marched from Kee- ^lowee. Were thofe troops he had before, and thef^-* jjnen of Burton's, juJI raifed, fohaftily collearcd togc^ ther, and fo ordinary that nothing but the name of regulars could recommend them, to be compared to- &^}\^' ' ^ The colonel will hardly fay they were, not- withltaading it muft be allowed, that regiment had all the^idvantage that a diligent and experienced m^jor could poffibly give it, who did honour to his majcfty's fervice, hy his indefatigable application to his duty and care of thofe troops under him ; yet the whole 800 picked nitrft- ^at went away, taken cdledivelyj were certainiy va% f aftljr more than preferable to the q8o that the colonel had in their room. The battalion corps were as gcod troops as the former, but there were but few of them. The 380 Royal, he had both campaigns. The reft, were provincials. Rangers, waggon rs, guides, Indians, and 40 negroes. What value he would fct on the firft four of thefe (cfpecialJy the Rangers) his opinion laft year plainly (hews : And were they not all new-rai, icd troops, particularly the provincials ? 'Tis true, he paffed great compliments on both, and they defervcd them: but did he not do the fame at firft, in 1760? and may it not be purely owing to the f^me caufe* Succefs ? He thought mighty matters v^ere done at the lower fettlements his firlt campaign, and therefore to J)e fure it was pity to rob t he Rangers of a little praifc. In fliort, he was then < « extremely pUafed with thf tvholer Butdidnothe/>;;«,/Jr^do vaftly more wonderful things, laft fummer, by his own accounts I How then could we expe^ any other, than to hear " the whole '» oraifed again ? Had it been otherwip^ we fhould foon have been told the old fttry of the provincials ** aban^ doning " their officers ; the Rangers end waggcners running off to a man j " and moft of the guides being «' not worth a jhillingr As to the Indians, does he not fiy himfelf, in his letter to the lieutenant-governor da* ^ ted the I5<;h of July laft, he never could bear an In. m dian^ before he waf acquifinted with the upper Chickf. fsws The Catawbas leaving him at Kcehowec, h 1760, 'tis certain he thought of no moment. Upon the whole, the number of troops employed in 1760, ivere amply fufficient to have gone through the nation ; be then faid as much himfelf : atleaft they were enough to have prevented the bufinefsof the laft campaign; which has fully confirmed that opinion, the fuperiority in 1761, was more in numbers thaa in real ftrength; cfpecially, as no pofts were fixed, and the additional quantity of provifions carried about every where with the army, muft have greatly weakened, encumbered, and retarded the line of march, much more fo, than the additional number of raw and grdiiiary troops ^uld have ftren^thcftcd it. \ 75 t 47 3 Let us begin with the army's arrival at Kechowee^ c 17th of May la(V. Did not the colonel then find ths' ittle Carpenter there, and give him a UIJc to the In- ians, to this cfFe from yefterday's proceedings, the Indians might have been induced to think , thd army would go to work at the other towns to day : let us then fuppofe, the coloie! moved off as before, to Stickowih, with his 1448 rank and file, irc/uding Indians, negroes and guides, the 15th ; and left 813 rank aftd file, inftead of the 913, to guard the fick, proVifions, &c. thert allowing hini his oioa time^ he would have deftrdyed the five towns thereabouts, visi. Stickowih, Kittoweh, Tuckaree-' tchih, Tafantih, and Ellfjoy, and returned to CowhiH the 1 8th before noon, and thefe troops had the re- mainder of the day to reft. The next day, and for two days afterwrds, fuppofe 700 of the detachniefit that had halted at Cowhih, had been fent, with 30D others, to deftroy the X20 houfes and 180 acres of corn at Ufa - nah, Cowhihtchih, and Burning- Town, the fartheft cf them only feven miles diftant from Cowhih, march- ing from town to town 3 this work would have beeH G 35 fts fafe as eafy ; for, after the affair at Eyorcc, that at Stickowih branch, and that of capt. Peter Gordon the year before, the colonel muft have been convinced, no Dody of Indians would dare to interrupt fo large a de- tachment. The 21 ft, at night, let us fuppofe thefe troops return to the colonel at Cowhih* The next day, the 22d, halt at Cowhih, and deftroy thofe hou- fes. The 23d, the whole army march b^ick to NoU- cafih, only 3 miles : a fufficient detachment of light troops might have been fent before, to deftroy the 160 houfes and 420 acres of corn at that place, and at Taflih, Whatogab, Canugah, and Noihowih, in the way thither. And the next day, the 24th, fuppofd the army halt at Noucafih, and complete yeftei day's work if necefDiry. Now the Middle Settlements alfo, on this fide Stickowih branch, are completely deftroyed | the colonel has been allowed fufficient time too, fe- ven days, to march backwards and forwards from town to town, not 30 miles, befides the day the army is fup- pofed to do nothing elfe but march from Etchowih toi Cowhih, only 6 miles, which are included in the 30, to deftroy in all 39O houfes and 800 acres of corn, and of thefe houfes an^i 100 acres of the corn clofe to hi» camp too at Cowhih j was it not abundantly more la-» borious and difficult, befides 4^ngerous, to marrhi backwards and forwards full 40 miles, with only hi8> 1448 rank and file, to deftroy the 190 houfes and 530 acres of corn on Stickowih branch, ^nd at Ellijoy in his way back to Cowhih ? which he did in lefs than half the time. But fuppoftng the detachment left at Cow- bih had been ordered, might it not, in the time it had, bave completed a poft, fufficient^ with'ico tired men, to have fecured all the wounded, and what provifion^ were left, only for a few days ? This poft need not to have been very ftrong 5 a few fcouts might have been ordered to watch it ; the army too would have been? all round it j and then the whole body, when both divifions joined again, might have been employed iit deftroying thofe middle towns, &c. by detachments, which would have faved fcveral days. However, ai one would be determined differ froia the colonel at Ji.ttJe r 5r J oiTible, all poffible contrivance has hcen made ufe of, o go the moft round-about way to work that could be bought of, and I believe it would puzzle any ingc- luity but the colonel's to fpin out the time one day onger ; befidcs all this, the colonel had the whole ummer before him j fuppofing he had firft of all laid n a fufficient ftock of provifions at the Dividings, her light have taken his own time and way too, and com- Icted every thing we wiflied for, long before the i6th f Oaober, when, and not before, he left Keehowee o march downwards. The 25* h of June, let us march from Noucafih to the Dividings, only 22 miks : when the colonel was laft at Etchowih, only 3 miles within cucafih, he could go with all his wounded, loaded pack-horfes, and litters, from thence to his c?mp near War- Woman's creek, full ^^/V/;r miles : this ftiews he can make no difficulty here, unlefs he is fo very unfor- tunate as never to be able to make one fmgle good march, upon the fame ground too, but when 'lis a "^olen one. Now we are at the Dividings, let us halt the next day, the 26th. On the 27th, fuppofe 500 men had been difpatched to Fort Princ^- George, without or with all the fick and wounded, with the pack-horfes, to bring back the frefti fupply of provifions that was ordered from Cowhih the 13th (to be fure it would have been hurrying matters too much, to have left or fent fuch orders before) y and the fame day, fuppofe 1200 light troops, free from any incumbrance, only fix or eight days provifion each, had been difpatched to the \2\\^yz, might not thefe m^n have done that work too with eafc, and returned back again to the Dividings in that time ; the whole march, backwards and forwards, not exceeding lOO miles at fartheft ; as good a route too as any the troops had gone yet j and the feven Valley towns lay all in one open vailev,from the firft to the laft not exceeding 12 miles. Thefe 8," days would have brought the 4th of July, when at leaft 10 days provifion would have been left for the colonel's detachment at the Dividings ; indeed there would have been more, becaufe the* 500 with th^ r 52 ] ^Rck, &c. that went away 8 days before, need not to have carried above three days provifion with them at poft, fo their allowance would have been faved for the remaining five days, and in fa£l: * till they return ed» If the colonel thinks I march too faft, I would only beg leave to remind him of the affair m 1760 that tock its rife from Twelve- mile cret^k. He told up thrn, that ** after marching 84 miles from Ninety -Six in thre,e daysy without a halting day^ *' notwithltandir.g they had drawfi the carriages up the fteep and rocky backs at Twelve-Mile creek, by tie force of nun ; tlie horfes could not do it;, keing fatigued and zvorn out ; '* and the men were a little fatigued with a march of 20 miles that morning^ front Beaver- Dams to tht river ; " yet thofe troops could ftill proceed from thence th^ fame night, and never }?alt 'till they had effectually deftroyed the Lower- Towns, much more fc attired than the MiddU ; which they did after a march of 60 milei by 4 o'clock the next evening, without fleeping. Here are 124 miles marched in five fucceeding dyr4fiysy " my orders were, to co operate withy and aififtj col. Gfant. That gentleman writes mc, he v. . t if 1 _ _ hill tothpicted his work already ; (6 thii' Could t prA^ teed, I (hould not anfwer that end.'*—ff^e dread iki unhappy confequences that my attend col. Grant's depend- ing 100 much on the imp^rtarice of deftr eying the MiddU Towns ; a thing he madt light of laft yedr^ for ik the letter your Honour then laid before this ho ft^ dat d '^d July^ 1760, Air/i)fj,**Deftroying an Indian town m ly bee edit- able J but, in fad, 'tis a tnatter of no great con fcquencc^ ivhen the favages hive time to carry off their effedls." Again \ "We might have gon^ to any town in their ii ition ; but we (hbuld have had a brufti to get at it^ ar»tt then we (hould have found it, or indeed rather thent ^l\y ;ih2itidoncdj'' which ihds the tafe this year, ff^econ" uive that thi oft hY -tHiK G in a Cherokee ribdry that wilt^AJi4A<^ bny effeSl to bring thofe favages to a firm and ^afting peact^ isy to deftrOy as many of their people as we can^ and when, an opportunity offers fo to db^ to mifs it by no means^ ivhichy we fear, has been tod much the cafe in the late ex- pedition and dtftnfivea^ien : and we are not without our apprehenftonSy that your Honour's information^ that < * thcif young men entertain ho very refpe^table opinion or . dread of the Englifh manner of fighting Indians, tho* bur numbers are formidable," may be too well ground^ ad. From ihefe reafons 5 as the provina is already greatlf loaded with taxes i and as we have little profped of the war being carried on in a different^ and what we conceive more effeSfual, manner ^ than hitherto hai been done 5 or that the colonel of the provincial re giment^ though of great influence y merits and abilities y and well acquainted with the intereji of the provihccy and the proper manner of treating the CherokeeSy will ever he confulted: we are Heduced to the necessity fl/* adviftng your Honout to agree to a peaccy he. &c." In confcquence of the above advice, the feprcfcnta- tives of the province ** were reduced to the neceffity of givingy " for the reafons therein mentioned, his ho- nour and the Little-Carpenter agreed upon the twelve articles which were figned by both the 23d of Septem- ber laft, and then publifhed in the gazettes. The firfti and part of the laft, is all I will beg leave to mention here. H Article [ S8 ] Article I ft. M the EngUJh prifonersy negroes^ hr^ fa and cattle in their pojpjjion to be delivered up IMME- DiATtLY to col. Grant. " Part of the laft article, * ' That Jome of the headmen from the Upper ^ the Valley^ the Middle and Lower Settlements^ Jhall come down to Charles-Towny to confirm theJeJiipulationSy ^\ &c. What ivas the principal reafon that thcfe articles of peace were not confirmed and ratified at this time ? Was it not, that the Indians had not brought down our people that were prifoners amongfl them ? If there was any other reafon, was it not, that the quality of the eight pretended headmen the Little- Carpenter had then with him, was not thought fufficient even to glofs over fuch a proceduce, however our great neceflities might then prefs us to catch at the delufion ? When thefe articles were figned, the Little- Carpen- ter returned to his nation, and vifited us again in De- cember, finally to ratify and confirm them, with about 70 men, women and children, of which only eight, by his well known talk of the i6th of November given to capt. Mackintofh in coming down, were dubbed headmen j of thefe, perhaps one or two at moft, might have fome little influence, in his or their own particu- lar town, but not one of any general weight in their fettlements, much lefs throughout the nation, not even the Little-Carpenter himfelf, as the Fort Loudoun sfl^^ir glaringly demonftrated ; for, what weight had he then, even in the upper towns alone ? Did not the Great Warrior and Standing-Turkey fign the garri- Ibn's capitulation ; and was it not foon after fatally convinced of their weight and treachery? What could the Little Carpenter then do ? Why, he faved one gentleman's life. How ? Did he not give all he had for him, even his rifle ? 'Tis true, with his great inte- reft among the Indian wenches^ he now and then procured the garrifon fome fmall pittance of provifions ; but did not the other warriors threaten to kill thefe wenches, if they could find them out ? Need any thing more be faid, to prove he had loft all his intereft even among his own people ? The Great- Warrior, Standing-Tur- key, ajid Judd's'Friend, th? three KNOWN leading L men [ 59 ] 0ien of 'the Cherokee nation, thought, to come down weufd (hew a condercention beneath them ; and when thefc brevctted occafional headmen came, were they jiot again without our prif oners ? (horfes and cattle, to be fure, arc not worth notice.) Notwitfeftanding this, we ftill finally confirmed and ratified the peace the i8th of December : and why could we not have done it as well in September, and faved our 500 pounds, not tribute, to be fure, the Indians won't take it in that light, but charity-mopey, befides other expences ? Indeed the dread of ill ufage to our unhappy fellow fubje& amongft them, was the principal motive in the ailem* bly, for giving that fum ; next to the colonel's ma- nagement having fo ufclefsly exhaufted our funds, and difgufted our people in general, that it would be next to impoffible for the province to raifc any refpeeC' 176;, By order^ ^c. « Benjamin Sn^ith, fpeaker, \ ^ Mry fpeahr and gentkmeny FOR anfwer to your meflage of yefterday, I ac*. quaint yoU) that fince col. Grant marched up * the country, to proceed upon the expedition again^ * the Cherofeees, I have carried on my correfpondence « with thofe Indians by the intervention of coK Grant f ONLY ; and therefore, fince that time, I have not f fent to, nor received from the o^cer commanding at * Fort Prince-George, any talks upon Indian affairs, * as was the ufual practice before 5 neither has colonel f Grant tranfmitted to me any othtr than what I fent ^ you yefterday : but, according to your defire, I will * endeavour to procure any fuch as you mention, by f writing to col,. Grant. * I have indeed received a letter from capt, Mackin- f tofh, chit fly an apology from the Little- Carpenter, f Icm: his nQC. coming down according to the time ap- < pointed^ r 62 J < pointed, and fent at his earneft requeft; however, I « fend it for your peruf4. * Dec. 4, 1761. William BulL * Capt. Mackintofli's letter is as follows : Fort Prince-George^ 16th Nov, ijSt^ « May it pleafe your HonouTy \ « 'Tp HE Little- Carpenter arrived here the 14th inft. « X with the following headmen ; prince of Chotih, « the Old Warrior of Eftatowih, Cappv, the Second < Man of Stickowih, half Breed Will, Slave-Catcher « of Tomawtley, the Raven of Noucafih and others, < and a large gang of men and women, that he fays < wants to be down to hear the talk that your Honour « is to give. • The Carpenter earneftly begs that I fhould write « your Honour and Col. Grant, to excufc, if poffible, « his not returning to Charles Town at the appointed < time, as he fays, I know the nature of his country- < men, the diftance of the towns, and the difficulty of « getting the head warriors together ; that if your Ho- « nour will excufe him, and he fees this letter in < Charles- Town upon his arrival, he'll think that I am < that friend to his nation and countrymen that they fay ^ I am ; and if he does not, he'll think otherwife : His « doubting me is owing to a quarrel we had yefterday • about provifions, and his ever craving appetite, and « his giving me a very impertinent talk, calling all the « world lyars, particularly the province of Carolina. « According to the Carpenter's defire, / wrote coL « Grant all he had to fay here* I have the honour to « be, &c. ' Lachlan Mackintofli.' * May it pleafe your honour ^ • fTpHIS houfe, before they proceed to take under « J[ ^ confideration your meflage of the i8th inftant, < recommending that the Cherokee deputies now in < town may be furnifhed with neceiTaries to defend • them againft the feverity of the weather, think it ab- f folutely necefTary to be informed^ if thofe deputies • have r 63 ] < have agreed to the feveral articles recommended to < your honour by this houfe; and therefore humbly * ^efire, that you will be pleafed to order to be lai^ < before us, any treaty that has been ratified with « them, and all conferences and other papers relative < to the faid treaty ; and alfo the Little- Carpenter* i talk * cftbe i$tb of la ft month at Fort Prince- George. « By order J l^e. * Benjamin Smith, fpeaker* < %jft Dec. 1761. ' * Mr. fpeaker and gentlemen, * /^OL. Grant, upon application made to him for * \^ Indian talk defired in your meffage to mc * inftant, fends for anfwer, that the Carpen* ter's to the governor was tranfmitted to him ; if there « had been another talk with the lieutenant-governor, it fliould have certainly been fent. * 22d Dec, 1761. William Bull. * * May it pleafe your excellency , THIS houfe having received a meflage from his honour the lieutenant-governor the 19th inft. recommending fome necelTaries to be given to the Cherokee deputies now in town, have refolved, that a fum not exceeding £. 500 be granted, to be laid out in neceflaries, for fuch of the Cherokee Indians now in town, to defend them agatnji the feverity of the weather, as your excellency fliall think proper : though, at the fame time, we cannot but declare our difapprobation of the methods taken, to make it appear, that the Indians fued for peace, and of the manner and terms (different from thofe recommen- ded by this houfe) upon which the fame is concluded, * By order, ktc. * Benjamin Smith, fpeaker^ ^ 2\th Dec. 1761. ' Part of his honour the lieutenant- governor's mefTago regarding th6 Rangers, dated the 17th of December, is as follows; f 6* j ^ Mri fyeetier and gentlemen^ « A S the time at which the continuaiicfe of ttiefSfl- * xiL K^'^* ^^^^ expire, is very near, I recommend if ^ to you to confider, whether it will not be prudent td 'continue them, until the Indians have given us a * PROOF of their fihcerity in the treaty of peace lately « concluiedy by delivering up the prifoners according t«> * the flipulation of the hrft article thereof. • « William Bull. \ 'A . < Port Prtnci'Gtdr^e^ ftoijemher i^thy ij6t, < A TALK fi:cm the Little-Carpenter, to Mfi Mackinto^fti * z^^^^ " '^'^ '^^y ^^''^^ * ^w/)/^ ntfit; ? It is not enough^ for the people of * CardUnay to be always telling me lies ; but now^ the < Dreadful Warrior, as they call him (for fny party t * will call him^ the Com -Puller) is making a ftrong houfi < at Ninety-Si Xy for me and my people y while they Jiay « there^ And then to drive us to Charles-Town like a par* ^ eel of Jheep, The houfe has two apartmentSy one for the * men and one for the women. And now that is trite what ^ the Virginia people and col Byrd faidy that Carolind « and col Grant fpt^h with tWo tongues ; and when I was < laji in Carolina I faw it 5 for I was promifed^ where^ * ever I comey to get prcviftonsy fumy frejh horfeSy &c^ and I never got either y but fiarvid me. And noWyWheri < I hear what they a^e going to do with mey I and all * people will turn back. — Upon which Mr. Mackintolh * enquiring how he came by this neivs^ the Carpentei* < fsiidy from * two wenches who left col. Grant at Ninety^ « Six making the Jirong houfe, ^ Mr. Mackintofh told < him, how ridiculous it WaSy for him to believe wenches^ < who he knew went always about telling lieSy and defired < he might fend down an Indian fellow with a whiie man^ * to convince him what a lie they invented* — The Car- < penter faid, // was pofftble they might lie y as well as < the people of Carolina 5 but to-morrow I will come, and * gi'^e you a talk to fend to the governor and coU Grant j ♦ The Cherokecj are known xv defpifc th6ir wopches, and difreearrf *}llheyra/. * 6 2- J t- 65 3 \ iut you tnujl g'lvt me a great deal of four and beef ^ for < / am not alone^ I have got a great many with me. t * want to ajk y:Uy what you will give for each brifoner « that is come down i if you pay well for thofe that is * come now 9 all the refl will com: down 5 if not ^ I know « not hew it Jhall he -y one hundred and fifty weight of * leathtr a piece is the leajl you can give tor them^ for I * was told to deliver them to Mr. Mackintofh told * him, he hoard they tVas to he given in exchange for their * own people. — ^The Carpenter faid, that col. Grant told * himy their people in Charles-Town He todk in war ^ and « itivas what HE would, to deliver them up i if they got * nothing for them they brought down now^ they would « bring no more down. — Mr. Mackintofll told the Car- < pcnter, he could not prefume to fay any mure on that head^ * hut that he would write to the governor and cel. GranC * to-morrow when he came to the fort, ' Now, Sir, you plainly fee the aukward and con- temptible fituation the coloncrs fine management has reduced us to with the Cherokees, even with our old friend too the Little- Carpenter. The expence this province alone (exclufive of any afliftance) has been at in the war with thefe favages, for very little more thaa two years, amounts to upwards of 750,000 currency, more than equal to 107,000 fterling, of which full two-thirds might have been faved, had the colonel, lit 1760, only marched immediately after the furprize at the Lower Settlements, without any delays, and lofs of time fpent in negotiations with the Indians, which n6 body, as ever I heard of, thought he had any bufmefe with ; the province wanted his affiftance only to fight them. The Indians remain ftill quiet, and perhaps they may- continue fo 'till the French arc able to fupplythem, tho* even this is very doubtful, for the fpring is not yet far enough advanced, fo as to Cover the trees with leaves^ and give them the opportunity of that fecure cover they fo much value in war. Our prifoners are//// out upon the hunt, and if they are permitted to keep them (a3 well as the horles and cattle) or are paid for them, I perhaps [ 66 } perhaps they may take compa/Hon on 115, and troutSe lis no more, cfpccially as, *tis to be hoped that, it wiflf /bon be out of the power of the French to fuppl/^ rhcm ; this th« matter fecms entirely to turn upon but only fuppoft this contingency (hoold happen, wha^ one rational fecurity have we, that they would ho% jiTi mediately break out again and join them ? Do not all their talks, all their behaviour, plainly fhcw, they will do only what they picafe, and arc fo far from fearing, ihii they defpifc us anxl make us their dupes ; and will keep in with us juft as lone as it fuits theii; humpui-, 0): 'till they can be fupplicd elfewherc, an4 no longer? The colonef, very foon af:er his return from the French, after the aifair at Fort Duquefnt, was fent to us the /r/? time, and did worfe than noihmg : He was fent to i»s 2g^my z fece^d tin^e, and did twice as nfiich : And, 'tii very probable, he has not yet (hewn us half tcan do in the fame wav j another expedition may ffin neceflary ; the Valleys, the Upper towns, tiic principal aggrelTors, have not yet loft any of " their preft valuabii effiifs ; " only fuppofc (no unlikely thing) that thefe fhould break out again, may we not have the' colonel fent to us a third time ** to bring them to REASON ** ? and doe» the province want any thing inore, than his prcfence a third time, as a cdmmandei; in thief, to make all our eftates as purely negative^ a» the piy of the foldiers and mzny of the officers was to them, when the n^onopolizing company of futtlers took their laft leave of the camp, Tb s, Mr. Timothy, is my apprehenfion, and tfic principal oceaflon of this fecond trouble to you j and jf the matters that are here taken notice of, are in the leaft degree inftrumental to prevent fo terrible an evil, 1 fliall think I have done the public fome fervkc; if not, Uberavi ammam mtam. But, are we not particu- larly and extremely unfortunate, in thefe glorious ancj happy times all round us, when the numerous offi(;ej^ in his majefty's fervice have fo generally diflinguidied tMcmfelves, that it is impoffible to name them all, and to paruculariic any, would be flieiiring.a want of dc- [ 6 7. 1 licacy to the reft ; that in thcfe times, I fay, we (hould twice running have this gentleman Cent to our affif* tance, upon a moft cafy bufincfs indeed ! which h« had each time very evidently in his power to accom* plifh, and completely anfwer all our wifhes ; but in- ftead of doing it, has made matters abundantly MJQrfe^ by miftaking his talents and bufinefs too. H^e wq any thing to blame for this but pure ill fortune ? Ma- ny have thought indeed, that the tranfadions in 1760 ou^ht to have been timely laid before the general^ which would perhaps have had fome efFedl, to prevent this complete mafter of infmuation, painting, and dc- fign, from coming here the fecond time ; but whofe bufinefs was this ? You'll fay, the afTcmbly ou|ht to have concurred to give them the proper weight and fahi^ion ; but this could not be had from that alTem- bly, whofe three years fitting, according to law, ex- pired a few days after the colonel left us, in Auguft^ 1760 J and very Toon after the next aflem bly met, an account of his late majefty's demife arrived, which' very foon occafioned that too to be diflblved, before any thing of this fort could have been properly done ; and in the interim this gentleman was appointed again^ Numberlefs advantages, no doubt, attend the pre- fent glorious times, wherein his majefty's arms have fo univerfilly fucceeded every where, but here; not in the colonel's rhetorical figurative manner' on ^a^er^ only, but really in the downright hanejl Critifh manv ncr. But even amongft us, who are fo particularly unfortunate as to be the only exception, is it a fmall advantage, arifing purely from thefe times, to be able to point out the caufe of our misfortunes, in a more open, plain and eaf^ manner, than the times (as re- ported) no very great interval fincc, would have fuf- fe red us to do confiftent with fafety and prudence? v/hcn it was fufpe6ted to be, av'rice all^ and Our flag, inverted, traij'd along the ground. Then, how could it be expeded, that WE (ho u id be able to mal^e ufe of tho(c delicate exprellivc hints, I ' Sir Billy ferv'd the crcwn^ Blunt cou'd do bufmefsy H-ggins knav the tcwn. Now, [ 68 ] Now, even an American may tell out the grievancet of an injured province, in his own uncouth manner, "without clanger of giving offence, tempora mutantur* The heart is xiovf found, the touch'd parts aie not a- tove fkin deep at mol^, are foon didinguiihed, and as foon removed, to the great cafe and advantage of the reft. Avarice, artifice, pretence, impofition, defign- ing felf-fufiiciency, neglect, and grofs mifreprefcnta- tion,.maybe pointed at, whatever little dirty corner they may fneak into and huddle together, without that mce and difficult delicacy that muft have been abfolute- ly neceffary heretofore, when fo general a room was fuppofed to be affordtd t^em. To make ufe of that Tiice ftilenow,/Would, if we were able, be not only al- together un neceffary, but an affront to the times, and imply a doubt of that fo general and vifible change for the better. I gave you fonie reafon to expeft in my laft, that I "would furnifh you with a calculation of the profit gained on a hogihead of rum fold by the futtlers in Mr. Lyttle- ton-s camp at Keehowee in December 1759 ; andalfa of that gained by the futtling company lafl fummer at fame place, in coU Grant's camp. 1 he two principal futtlers in 1759 paid 32 s. 6 d. per gallon for their rum in Charles-Town. The beginning of laft fummer i\n% article might have been bought for 14 s. per gallon, and even at 13 s. 9d. as I have been well informed a con- siderable quantity . was then bought by the futtler* Kow fuppofmg a hogfhead of rum of about 1 10 gal- lons te weigh about 1000 lb, which. I am mformcd i^ allowed for a hogfliead one with another,— This at 6 1. per cent, the freight to Kceho- 1 o o wee, amounts ta — — y Say 1 10 gallons ru«i coft in 1759^ 32s.6d.| g ^ per gallon in Charles- Town, — ^ i / ^ Then the no gallons and freight coft atl Keehowee in 1 759, according to this cal- > 238 150. culaiion, — — — J But allowing it gallons for leakage and pilferage,.which i$ about 15 per cent, then the remaining 94 gallons,, (up-* I 69 ] fuppofcd to be fold Keehowee, muft cofl: there th^ above 238 1. 15 s. that is abost 50 s. d. per gallon- Ac A lN,'allowing the freight, which was the -> lame laft fummer as in 1759, to be 6 1. 60 o o per cent, dn I ceo lb. — — » — \ 1 Then 1 10 gallons at 14 s. coft in Char les- 7 . ' 137 o o' Then dedu^ling* 16 gallons as before for leakage and Occidents, the remaining 94. gallons will coft 137 i. at Keehowee, that, is about 29 s. 2 d. per gallon. / Then as one gallon of rum that coft at Keehowee in 1759, 50 s. 9f d. was never fold for more (though fome rimes for confiderably lefs) than 6 1. per gallon. The fime quantity that coft only 29 s. 2d. Lift fum- mer, ought to have been fold there, in order to gain the like proportional profir, at 3 1. 8 s. 10 J d. {dy 3 1. 9 s. or even 3 ]. 10 s.) which leavesabovc 140 percent, clear gain ; but it was ftill fold at 61. therefore the diffe- rence, 50 s. currency, upwards of 7 s. fterJ. per gallon, that is above 170 per cent, more (over and above the other moderate profit of ONLY 140 per cent.) was exorbi- tantly fqueezedout of the poor fnldiers pockets. — iV.ff. As the army in 1759 did not then halt above three weeks, and that in the middle of winter, af Keehowee, and the troops laft fummer were fourteen weeks there, the futtling company this laft campaign, bcfides other advantages in fo long a halt, had an opportunity 'of putting off" a prodigious quantity of other goods, more than the futtlers in 1 759 could ; for which res- fon, the company might have afforded their goodff much cheaper, in proportion, than the others were able to do : in the fummer too, when grafs was plen- ty, it would have been worth while to have had wag- gons and horfes of their own, efpecially for fo long ait opportunity, and this I am told that company had, which muft make their freight much lower ftill, a» there was no danger then of their horfes perifhing in the woods for want of food. In my laft I took notice Qf the advaneed price on fcvcral other articles. 'Tls r 70 1 ^Tis h'lzh time, Mr. Timothy, to finilb this tcdioiA letter. The matters mentioned therein, happened dur- ing the three difHcult and laborious aflTemblics I had the bonour to fcrvc in. Whether my remarks are to the purpofe, or no> the candid reader will certainly be the beft judge : I am fure, he will at leaft be convinced, that J haVe noti ia that time, be^n inattentive to the moft roiaiferials concerns of the public. I fliall hardly ever trouble you with a third letter. I am confcious of no prejudices againii: any man, or th^t I have exceeded the bounds that truth, honour, fmcerity, and duty to the public prefcribe. Prejudices of most forts, of a national nature, be* tween man and man, are contemptible to the laft de- gree 5 but ALL thoCe of a dmeftic nature, are not only lo, but infamous and hurtful too, and fubveriive of the true general intereft of the community. I call all tbofe dom$ftlc prejudices between'man and man, where any fet of individuals of the fame monarchy, becaufe they happen accidentally to be born in this ftreet, this parifli, this county, or this larger divifion of it, or for any other as partial trifling diftin^ion whatever, are iniluenced thereby in their interdealings, connexions • aiid judgments, to* the injury of their feUow fubjeda born in a different part. All the individuals of the fame monarchy, from one extreme to the other, ought to be thought countrymen^ and have fuch a regard for each other as is confident with the whole. The fmall Jimitttl preferenccj^that nature may point out among friends and relations, can be but few, and if not car-, ried beyond her bounds, cannot have a bad tendency^ as nont of her rules have. AH the men in a parifh,and ^more fo in a large divifion of a monarchy, cannot be thought to know each other ; time and accident ought to be allowed their due effeX with all fubjedls alike y suid nothing can be mqre defpicable and prejudicial to a community, than for any fet of men, to make the intervention of what they contra£leily call ztomtryman^ ihc jinequa non^ or teft of their fincerity, friendfliip, and favours. Is not this dividing a kingdom againft itfelf,^ the confequQACC of whjlch we biaw very well fron\ ^ ..... .... ^ fie Higheft authority ? — ^There cannot be many, fare- y, aihongft us, if any, of thefe narrow deftru^iivc fentiments ; but if there (hould, they ought to be pi- tied : And, if a contrary behaviour, of impartiality and generofity among their fellow fubjeds, receiving them with open arms every were, will dot open their eyes, and make their little hearts glow with more en- larged and grateful fentiments, and reftore them to their true, general, and equal gravitation, they muft be left io fiet the natural confequenccs fuch a feffifi bihaviour^ when generally perceived, mu/l occahon. Nothing can polfibly be faid for anv of thcfe domejik preju- dices between man and man \ they muft be all as o«^ dious as hurtful. As to S£v eral of the national while mankind are divided into different monarchies and go- vernments, and, according to the fluctuating fituation of all human affairs, frequently involved unhappily ivito a ftatc of war with each other, somethino may be faid in their favour : for iriflance, under the many gal- lant and prudent officers at this time in his majefty's navy, may not, and has not, a good ufe been frequently made, of that common prejudice that our moft ufeful experimental philofophers, the honeft Britifti tars have among them, that one Briton is as good as fix Frenchmen* In (hort, national prejudices between man and man may be fjmettmes ferviceable ; but domeflicy are always de- ftru£tive and abominable, and whatever may bethought, Tros T vrius que mihi nulh di/crimine agetur^ A fFelfe or Forbes I equally admire : That for his generous well-timed intrepidity when the national circumftances required it, to defpife all dan- gers, and attempt every things even under fuch great and numerous difadvantages as he had to encounter at Quebec : This for his determined fteadinefs and fortitude, to be overcome by no dfiEculties, but ftilt to pufh forward, afjd clear his v/ay as he advanced, *tili he had fully accomplifhed his moft important work at the Ohio, though at the fame time death-ftruck, and carried upon a litter many hundred miles, through frofts and fnows, in the midft of winter. Military heroifm cannot well be carried farther, than if; was by thefc \ f 7» ] two gentlemen, who will ever be remembered with honour, as long as any fpark of it remains in the Bh- tifli American colonies. My avcrfian to appear in print, was the only reafon I did not fign my name to my firft letter : As L did i)ot do it then, that is tn additional reafon for my.omit- iingit now: Indeed the fenfible reat'er will regard the arguments and them only; if they are not to the purpofc, no name whatever can make them fo, and Aiuch lefs mine. ' However, it may be neceflary to «foncludc here, with what I told you when I delivered jiiy laft, not to conceal from any perlbn, whofe mo- tive of enquiry is not impertinent curiofity only, what fs the real name of ' lour 7noft hvmhU fervant^ PHILOPATRIOS. "To Mr. Piter Tztnoihy. PS. As you have been To long prevented, for want .ifiiftancc, to print the foregoing letter, it gives me opportunity ot remarking fl wifli I could fay of congratulating the public) on the news from Fort Prince-George dated the 6th ult. and printed in the laft vveckly gazette, from whence we are " ajfuredy *' ihhti the frmeji peace that ever nas made zvith ihd Cherokees ; " that the chain Is bright^ the path is Jirah^ the talk U go9d^ the hatchet is buried, and the \yxfun Jkincs. The white PRISONERS are deli. ^* vering up, and the commandant expels the whole e^ very day, with ail the negroes, in terms of the frea- ^y- " One prifoner, and no more, as ever I heard of (perhaps a breeding woman, and fo reckoned PRI- SONERS) was delivered up (before the date of that letter) fmce the Little-Carpeiitcr left Charles-Town in December laH:. At the time xhzt double or trihU prifoner was brought in, that politician was faid to be coming down with the reft, thirty more, and might be expedled in a few days. Now it fcems, he is gone to Virgini?..— Our prifgncrs arc STILL out a hunt- ing I 76 • t 73 1 Sng : or, they will nit come away, but choofi to tttf with the Indians : or, they are afraid to ftir, on aci- count of the Northern Indians, who are pretended to he about their tdwns, and may kill them by miftake for Cher6kees, being dreffed and painted like them : Thcfc, and fuch like ridiculous pretences, have been long trumped up, and are ftill making ; arid no doubt if the Cherokees (hould tell us, their enemy Ixidian$ have killed all our priforiers, it would readily be be- lieved, by fome, as highly probable ; aiid thole looked upon as very faithlefs and unreafonable, who would fcruple their veracity, arid fufpc6l them to have bai any hand in it themfelves. 'Tis how (the 6th of May) almoft a twelve-montli fmce the colonel, by his own account to the general, laft Jumnur drove abif)ut 5000 tf the Cberekees int§ • * the woods and mountains " (wherefrorii? the woods and mountains : much like driving a ihoal of fifh from one pond into another) where ^ having nothing to « fubfij upon, they MUST either ftarve or SUE for ^a bcfides other provifioiis, fufEcieat to ferve them, with a little horfe-ilefh now arid then as a relifher, for it feems, by this intelligence, they have EATEN all OUR horfes. More houfes, or rather huts, are fooa fitted up and re-furnifhed, as we know " they faved all their moft valuable effeSiSy ** unlefs they got fpoi- Icd in moving. The two principal criterions, to judge of the Indians peaceable intentions (together with their continuing quiet) are, their delivering up our prifoners, and not joining the French iholuld th^y be able to fupply thera« This lalt, which is by far the furefl fign, would de- monilrate their fmcerity \ but this we have not an op- portunity to judge by yet, and God forbid we ever ihould. Their long fliuffling delays in regard to the ether, give us the higheft rcafon to fufped their cor- Yk diality right t o expecSl: , that the color id's c f nnfin * i> 1 n CT trif ;fe por and n is fo \ npous ac egroes a ?ery hype coun re ai rboli our p Thisl Ulilt' 4JIC rifoners aft news in you Vrn f r paper. Mr. 1 "imothy, it w 7 ^ [ 75 ] ^ or was too immaterial to be infcrted in this abftra<^) " they are all forry for, but could not help it. He defir^s *^ capt.MackintoJh to acquaint the governor ^ that he is ON THE PATH ; and to ajjure kim^ they will bring it appears, that our prifoners are lefs likely to be de- livered up nowy than they were in September laft. The Indians then engaged to " deliver them im- mediately." They prcmife the fame Jiill^ 'tis true : But THEN, they were bare of neceflaries, from having no trade ; NOW, they are full of goods, fupp ied from the other provinces, and need not care a Jhilling for us. What is this owing,, to ? is it not (amongft other caufes) to the peace beinff~> FINALLY RATIFIED, before our prifoners were ACTUALLY deliv^ered up ? If no peace had been ratified^ no traders could, with any pretence, have been fent amongft them by our neighbours ; but AF- TER it vi^as, muft it not be expcaed, that traders would pufh amongft them, and try who could get frj^ to market ? Might not the provinces near us think it a piece of artifice, to dcfire them, after the peace WAS ratified, to wait 'till our prifoners came down, in order to fecure the fi-J} and be/i of the trade . to ourfelves : I am far from thinking any fuch mean and low cunning was intended; I am certain of the contrary : but don't mankind judge of public bodies, 2S well as individuals^ according to appearance^ I what e!fe have the generality to judge by? fewy VERY FEW, have been admitted into the fecrets of ftate ; and, in Indian z&dus, interpreters may be mar.aged^ are not always to be relied on, and will not SOMETlTvIES be underftood. Yours^ as before. LETTERS V, \ J^ETT E R S referred to in the foregoing, (No. 8r.) Taken from the fTeii^y Gaxette, of Junt 4. 17 60. [Prwted for (and publiflied by) Mr. Robtrt mils.} Camp at Ninety Jix^ May 27. GN the arrival of the waggons the fecond time frona Mottck^s corner, we proceeded on our inarch the 17th inftant, at fear in the morning, for Ninety- fix fort, leaving 9n officer with a detachment irom the Highlanders to bring up the waggons that were not ready to march from the camp a that day encamped at Miln-creek ; 18th, at Hollow creek» where the remainder of our waggons, with the detachment joined us : The 19th and 20th were obliged to halt to refrefh the horfcs and repair the broken waggons 5 hen king Hagltr and about forty Cataiubaf favoured us tuitb their company ; The 2 1 ft, the army reached the Little Saluda river, after being feverely pelted with rains daring the march ; the rains cbn^ tinned all that night, and were fo heavy next day a$ to prevent pur marching : The 23d wc lodged at Saluda Old -Town, "where there is only the veftige of one houfc ; here Mr. Atkin joined us ; and on Saturday 24th May, at ten o'clock in the morning, we arrived at Ninety fix, where there is a ftockade, and a great number of miferable people, chiefly women and children, cooped up in it. Captain Thomas Bell who com- mands this fort is a good ibrt o( a man ; the men who are with him are to be put into pay, s^nd left as a garrifon, for none clfe can be fpared. We halt here till the cattle can be coU levied, of which two or three droves are coming up to us. Twenty waggons are fent back to Congarees to bring up ^ore flour. ** At Hollow-Creek we had an exprcfs from Fort Prince- Qeorge, which the meflTenger left 13th inftant, and fi»c( the negro Abram is arriued ivith di/patches from that fort and Tort Loudoun. This negro, who is the property of one Mr. Behn, has certainly executed the commands of the govern- ment, in delivering the letters at both forts, with furprifinjj difpatch, in the midft of ib much danger ; His mailer, who is now here, iays he has no objeaion to his being made fiec, but as he has loft his all, except this negro, in the prefent troubles, hopes the province will not let him be a fuflerer. «« Yeftcrday colonel Montgomery reviewed the provincial troops, who made a very decent appearance. The following is the diftribution of thofe that go to the Cherokees, captains prinnsn, Bcaujeau, Watts, RuBcl and O'Neal of the rangers, lieutenants J [ 77 J lieutenants MacpKerron and Rayford (the laft with eattlt) of ditto, and captain Morifon of the provincial reginienty with 355 private men : Befide* thefe, an officer and t«n men of the rangers, are u> join the army on the march, with cattle. The following are the fcouting parties left to prote^ the back iettlementt, while the army is gone to the Cherokces, captain Brown of the rangers, and lieutenant Vana of captain mtts's company, of ditto, with forty-fevcn men, from Nine- ty^Six to fort Moore and Savannah Old Town ; captain Pear- Ion with forty-two men from Ninety-Six to Broad^River ; lieutcnapt Richburgh of captain Beaujeau's company, with twenty men, from Broad-River to Catawba-River, and lieute- nant Cooper with twenty- nine provincials, firom Ninety-Six to Conguccf, making in all 138 men^ exclufive of officers. We march to-morrow for Keowee, where we expeft t9 airiv* in twelve days ; our march thither muft be as our carri- ages will allow, Yefterday an extrefs in tfc were to be oppzkd at fill, this day^f napchwat thl?fnite^^olookfor an >ttaclr, and yoa may be- lieve we preparMliccordingly, obr ^fc^oet being forrf:cd Cioi^ ihclineof Peg'uftrj, this night the ^miadlef§ and light iri* fthtfy were relieved from their ftarr that duty, bet&S^ they were to march in front in the morning/ and the two bat- talion corps formed the piquet, which fell in ccurfe of rcfter, to be commavded by at^ Peter Gordon. A few light horit irent in froaiilb mafceWcovcries, with a few more oii' the tanks, biit where the ground wai very^ fufpkious, platoons' of grenadien and^light infantry, were ordered out to fconr th« thickets, and other places of ambofcade, the grenadiers and light infantry wew followed by the Highlanders, and the Koyal fell in therear, nexra baggage guard of regulars, in fipont of the baggage and packhorfes, which were led by ofl|- cars fervants and waggoners, who were armed before we left f>rt Pdnce- George; /« t&e annr cf the packborfts ter uni t^nty men from tbt pitquet ^ and IH^ fhe rear 4f tii nxiboli lias tbe captain of the picquet ivub ^Q.men an/ uit tir, ftytXos^is.'aihj the cattle under the care of a bcdy ofrang^u -'^After marching 12 miles, four Indians were di(covcrcd» tht of which was apprehended by BeanKr the guide ; he toH Colonel Grant that the Indians did not expea os fd foon, fentto thfe Rt paid no credit, as he was fati^fied they mifif have ieen us every day on our march, (the India* u flill fta cuftodyO After marching a mile farther, we came to an ugly kind of plain, covered with wood and hrxk^ fo thick that one j^d ftarce fee three yards dlf^nce in foihc places? and av liglyttcddy river, with l!cpp day banks running through it, ©veriooked on one fide by a very high mountain, and on the ether hf hiHy aeeven ground, a fituation, in alt its parts, welT •dapiedto the indian method of fighting, and through this feferoalpkee-Molloorroadinevite^gO, becaufe the creek it, Mod advanced bn'lkly^ followed by very few of hh eofk, when enevy ktti qn him from all quarUK, hm with the iirft fire, tatd itwm a lo6, ai he »cd gallant foldi*r, ttever kaliag to execote with finrir at was rccominfended to him : it would be worthy of tht vir.ce to do ibmethiag tot his family at he in their * jfsfiom M fhj!ritig M%c Alt tht grenaJitrt cmd light in^. try fermej, and were ordered to charge the enemy in the kct, . which they did with urccrcinon fpirit, and a very vy fi'c eniued cm both fides; the fire being hea\7, the ^al, which wm the rear corps, ..nJ at that tkic by their^ ation moil condgnoot, were ordered down to the joad to thegrenadiart ai/ this time ¥r«rec«ivcd order* id fact te t'^c rijht, ar.d pulk t'mardl rat') Ae tpwn, whklf wa^ about fire mUes diiUob^ Mviucfi ih9 enemy per^ otiving got beyond ^the hill, and can as faft a« po/Tible to alarm thei^ and children in the town, finding it impra^cable to flop the ^aflage, ard un^cr the cover of the line, m^iny of the officers bagrj^atro hoi ret pafled the river, but feveral of (he batmen miAaking the forrf the gentlemen lofl their baggage, and bad their horfes drowned ; w« ftiAained little lofs after the Un« ^raf ordered to face to the right and march, but a few pafHng fhots. at the left of the Highlanders who brought up the rear, which wounded a few men. When we came near the town, fonie ol the enemy were dlfcOvered in the edge of the wood upon yrhych the grenadiers and light infantry were ordered to marc;h up in columns for forming more expedhicufly; and upon receiving ourfirA fire they chofe to fave thcmfeives by flight: We croflcd the river and took pofRfTion of the town, which was ordered not to be burnt, both Vpon accotjnt of the corn it contained, and that we might have hcufcs to put our wounded meh in, the number of which was very conf?der, •ble. The adion lafted about an hour, Capt. Mahly WHliams of the Xoyal was killed, truly a gentleman, and an extreme good officer, it is a lofs to the fervice.— After wc had puffed, , a party lay in ambufcade for the picquet with our provif^on horfcs and cattle ^ the attack firA began in the hojlow, when our people thought it expedient to take pofTefiion a rifing ground hard by, and there defend themfeWcs; tbe attack tame in fucb a Variety of quart ersy that they •were otJ'^eJ t» divide theafe/t'et i*it» fmall parties, Jome with cheers, f«me with ferjeams ; they were frtjfai fng$r9»fly on 6f the enemy, and as often repulfed them with lofs on both t from the number Bcamer. vrho is hardy and intelligent, and %>yl and the Collier have merit ; Tones behaved well 'till he was woun. «d a ^ other- are not worth a (hilling. ^ ** *Tis next to impofltble for troops to go to the Middle-Scttkmnu without forming pofts at different places t if the people who are in po£> f^on of the country had fpirit to defend it, there are padTes innumerable | the whole country the ftrongctt and mod difficult I ever was in ; a very few men properly conducted mi;:ht retard the march of an army. But o^r |nea'i4 the Cherokees, were kind ertough to give us no trouble. *till we got near Etchoe. their beloved tovim. About SIX miles frona, thatplac^ we found a confiderable body of Indians, of the Lower,. Middle, and Upper SetUsments, with fome Creeks and Chaaawa (if we can believe people who pretend to know their language). They were p^ed upon very advantagcoos ground, had taken poflcffion of every and leemed determined to defend the town in the beil manner ttKy coold ; bat the troops behaved (6 remarkably well, that the Indiaae^ were drove from poft to poll, and the detachment arrived in very good o«dcr at Etchcc. though I muft own the march was treublefome, the dignities of ehs country not to be imagmed, and the &re of the In^ diane, thoush at a dii^ance, as they have a noraber of rifles^ did exccn.^ tioa* Pooa cape Williams with about 17 of o«r men killed, many of- fidcra woonded, and above 60 men ; thofc we carried with os to the, tosva, and have brought back with as to this place. I think there vMa, a waggoner and ^ ranger killed, and five or fix of them woonded : 1 mo^, fbfty that I cann may be crediuble, but 'tis in fadb a matter of no great confcqtteQce,wh«ai the favaj;es have time to carry off their effeAs. £tct)ci coft, «» dean* The killed I look «pon as a trifle, people are then provided for i but the wounded in a remote frontier is a diftre^ng cireumftance. We might have gm to any town 'u\ their nation, tut we Ihould have M a bftffh to get at it, and then we llxould have found it, or indeed rather th«% a!l abandoned, but the lift of our wounded muft have incrcafed ; at Gxiy miles from fort Prince Ccdcgc, it v^as impoffible to fend them back ; tbere was no fuch thing as leaving them to fall into the hvKlsoftavag^^ and it was abfolutely imprafticable to proceed, with themj many 'cf them arc carried upon Uttert, none of them can walk, every one of then*, rtuft have an attendant, and fome of them are in fwch a &iuatic«, th4l< they muft have two or three upon the march. The fiuniber of rangerii much diminirtied, fome of their horfes employed in crrrying ftour, other*- not very fond of walking j in fhort, we were obliged to deftroy feme ffour, in oider to get horftfn for our wounded. " In this fituation col. Montgomsry thought it advifcable. to rcturft, to fort Prince George, and from thence to proceed to the place of em*» barkation. There is not an Indian v/ithin fixty miles of the fort, lUti frontier is therefore much advanced. The Cherokee* have .fuffered much, but they will not tieat, and *edi2te!y be*t off, abandonsd two baga of flour, a bajf of amiaunitioa, one^of fafc, about 60 blankets, their tomyhawks, wampum, Src. This you fee was a fcout of fome diftinaion. Another was ufed almoft in the fame tnanner j one of our flanking parties fell in upon th?ir rear, fired upon Ciem at ten y«rdJ dift«nce, when they wcr • bcWLng enoihcr iray, being tfl^ent' bn ftring *port *oui* Ifcic of march. T hfy' were bcaV off vterf^ %^herc, fuffere*! irtush) and indeed they havs never coma n«ir us fincel t . « We have left from 6 to 8 itionths fl.iiir in fprr Prince George, an(f' Ibrty l»uIlock« : ' but-the garrifdn remaft^s there unwillingly. The pro-' ^-inc-ah deferred laft ni^ht in a body, and are gone off. Theindepen-' AGE« 4, BWc^V after publor, /^/^r;, :«:*-for this and other reifont,**' JL Line 14^ Wi^-ViiF**^ I/*— P. I'l/ LI i'^, '/^r jondtion, rwi junafuro. ; •*J-P. la, L. X3, for remain, read remahr^s,-^P. 15, L. 5* for rwiuco.* rWrcd jcinj.— ^. ty, L. 10, for sa, yead as/—?. 23, L. 8, for thzn,' *t4iu thcfe. — p4 i4, L. 18, Jor the, r:ad OUR. — P. 28, L. a, after Without,*- iffprf alL— P. 38, L. 3, aftir notio, Jlnke dw/ the comma.— P. 39, Ir. i . f7 accotii*»t-'| the fort,^;]^ r*ent *>n fig «p«n ' our Ihic of march . Th-y ' were be.iV off ererf* where, fiiflfeii f*. rrtuchj and indeed they hav« never comonaur us fince, T " We hav left from 6 to 8 months flour in fort Prince George, andT forty buH6ct:i|: hiit the garrifon rsmahis there unwillingly. The pro-' vinc-Js defcn :d laft nisht in a body, and are gone off. Th« iadepen-' rfpnts ftootf ti their nrm* this morning, and declared to Hear. NrMn, tha? thc;y would g! to Charles-Towrt and wcbH ft.iy no Jonger there upofi* Mt^y account.' I wjivoblijcd toVnarch a cbmpani* of %ht-infamfy intSi the fort, them to rcafQn, and at lift we were obliged to leav^- ijeneanta^ of the Royal, and a fenennt and 12 of the Highlanders, ' CO rticngt^J^ :he gatiifcn and to keep the orhers in order and prevent* their ab rndbxllj; tne tort. But I beg of you to fall upon fome me^ tijod to reW^I thut }?arrif?n, as col. Montgomery muft call off thofe rocn, for !tis|prolately contrary to his mftruft ons to leave ahy of tfifi*^ king's troopi Srt-ga^rifon. We ilian pnJcced on our march down thtf' Oiu.itry tb-irJfrow; I ihill probably trouble you with a letter front = Kinety-Sisf, 1 it 'tis to be Iropcd I fh*} fooii have the pleafurc of waitint* •f you at Ch;^ \^-T-o^n» - I h»ve the honour to be. Sir, » • ; • ■ " Your rhoft obedient and ' 1 \ moll hunible fervant, ^]u]y yiy'^.^ ' <^\^-' • • * JAME^ GRANT. To be. CorretSed. PAGE* 4, :p!ie^, after public, //r/tri, rfor this and other reafons.*^ Line i^lrdk.-o'Jt •* I Vi/ LI i^'/.r jundlion, Wjunfluro/ —P. 12, -L. I J, for. remam, read remaii^s.— P. 15, l. for reduco'^ rW r.'d.icjnj -^f. 17, L. 10, for sa, i-sdd as.—P. 23, L. 8, for then^ mean ih.pe.- P» 24, L. 18, Jor the, r:ad OUR. — P. 28, L. 2, afur without,-, iffji fail— P. 38. L. 3, afur notto,7?rii^ out the comma.—. P. 59. 1'. « . :^ threat, read thereat. L. 24. tjke our campaign.— P. 40, L. 6, f,r con; aftion, /vjJcontradiaion.—P. 4s, L. 26. campaign,- i^y^i-f to4:^h 44, 14,>' was, r.Wwere.— P. 47, L. /<,r 1^, rrad the >reg imgnt L. 23, yfn^f cr/r not.— P. 48, line L. 4, a/ffr Sep. t«m!x;r lirt, 1 ffrt "in- confequence of col. Grant's letters to them."— P. 52, L. 3^5, /,r 73, read 176.— P. 56, L .i4,/5r this,rcW the.— P. 57, L, I4» wil, trf.rt have.— P. 59, L. 27, after thofe, ;n/frr eight.— P. 70, L. 29, /«■ preference, rrj// Prefei eftces. L. 33, /or more fo, read much more fi —P. 74, L. 21, /orfeven, SEVEN. L. 39, /Wr/ /i« ) ifur m' 'der, " jri rrarjpofe it before (of which.— P. 75, L. $ pa/Tagce i«/f/-^ * each big with a g/arh^ contradidtion.' Gen tleaJtn 'piat have Philopairioi^ firft letter, arc defircd ta , correct the following errors tkcrein, viz. rag«. Col. l*»e. J l . -^fntm tbtbattom^ after have been, i«/>r,* rather, I » - :^ from ditto, for more, r<