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 DUKE 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
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 Treasure %oom 
 
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A N 
 
 ACCOUNT 
 
 O F T H E J^^ 
 
 ^^ WAR in INDIA, 
 
 BETWEEN THE 
 
 ENGLISH and FRENCH, 
 
 O N T H E 
 
 Coast of COROMANDEL, 
 
 From the Year 1750 to the Year 1760, 
 
 TOGETHER WITH 
 
 A Relation of the late Remarkable Events 
 
 O N T H E 
 
 MALABAR COAST, 
 
 And the Expeditions to 
 
 GOLCONDA and SURAT; 
 
 With the Operations of the FLEET. • 
 
 Illustrated with MAPS, PLANS, ^c. 
 
 The whole Compiled from Original Papers. 
 By RICHARD OWEN CAMBRIDGE, Efq; 
 
 DUBLIN: 
 
 PiUNTED fOR George a nd ALEXAKDE REwiyc,mDameHreet« 
 M DCC LXI. 
 
R E F A C E. 
 
 ■^ H E importance and novelty of a fiibjedl, 
 of which we have hitherto had irnperfecSl and 
 inaccurate accounts, induced me to feize eve- 
 ry opportunity of niaking myfelf acquainted 
 with the tranra<f}:ions in the Eaft-Indies by the perufal 
 of authentic Papers. The fatisfadion I received from 
 thofe I had already feen, excited an eager defire for 
 further enquiry, and urged me to agree to any condi- 
 tions under which 1 might be enabled to gratify my 
 curiofity. 
 
 Nothing but a determination to write fome account 
 of India, could have entitled me to the fight of fuch 
 materials as I have been favoured-with, or have pro- 
 perly introduced me to the free converfation of the 
 • perfons principally concerned ; which, as it has afford- 
 ed me the greatell pleafure, as well as inftrudion, I 
 ought never to mention without due acknowledgments. 
 As I efteem it a lingular honour to have been indul- 
 ged fo much beyond my expedation, by all whom I 
 have taken the liberty to trouble on this occafion, I 
 am bound to declare, that every perfon to whom I have 
 applied, without exception, has given me full fatis- 
 fadion in every point on which I had occafion to con- 
 fult him, and has done it with the utmoft politenefs. 
 
 After this, I need not dwell upon any further in- 
 ducements to write; and yet the great reputation 
 which the nation, and fo many individuals have ac- 
 quired in the Eall-Indies, has doubtlefs been another 
 very inviting circumflance. 
 
 A a There 
 
iv PREFACE. 
 
 There had been two very partial accounts publidi-t 
 cd by the French ; and as Mr. Dupleix alfb in hi^ 
 Memoire has mifreprefented many principal fa6\s, 
 it became neceflary to ftate them in their true light. 
 
 Though nothing appears more impertinent thari 
 the prefixing an account of a work to the book tt- 
 felf i yet, as it is ufual with mod people to form a 
 falfe conception of things, and then to be difpleafed if 
 they do not find the realities exacily conformable to the 
 opinions they have entertained, it may in fome cafe« 
 be pardonable to endeavour to remove fuch prejudices. 
 
 It will not appear flrange, that the generality of the 
 world, through the habit of reading novels, and 
 works of imagination, (hould expect trom an hilto- 
 ry of the Eafk (which has generally been made the 
 fcene of moil of their ideal flories) a tale of adven- 
 t-ures full of wonder and novelty, and nearly border- 
 ing upon rorpance. Neither are we to be furprifed if 
 others of a ferious caft, having alfo, at the fame time, 
 an elegant tiirn of mind and ataflefor ornament, fhould 
 have expreiTed an expedlation, and, perhaps, hinted 
 their advice, that, in order-to engage the attention of 
 the reader, the work ought to be embelliflied with the 
 llrange manners of ^ remote people^ the works of art 
 and the wonders of nature in fo very diftant and dif- 
 ferent a climate frorii our own. 
 
 It is fuflicient to fay, in anfwer to this, that the. 
 work before us is not a hiflory of India, nor of war in 
 the interior parts of hidia, but of war on the coafl :^ 
 -of war between two European nations, who have not, 
 till very lately, had any connedlioa with the govern- 
 ing people of the country. It has been entirely ow- 
 ing to the war, that an European has beeq allowed to. 
 have any kind of famihar commerce with them, or 
 that the fervants of the company have been admitted 
 to an acquaintance with their courts, the fplendor of 
 which has been greatly leiTened by the war. The war 
 alone has taught them the geography of the country 
 a hundred miles round their fettlementsj ^nd, within 
 
 thele 
 
t^ R £ F A C E. V 
 
 "tliefe few years, thofe who had been at Madura^ 
 Vvhich'is about that diltance, were as eagerly liftened 
 to when they returned to Madrafs, and their accounts 
 were as new to all that heard them, as if they had 
 come from Pekin : but it does not appedr that thofe 
 accounts were very amufing, or that they would afford 
 any entertainment to make up for the Interruption they 
 would give to the thread of the hiilory. 
 
 When the defign of the work is once explained, it 
 "Will then beft be ken whether it has been properly ex- 
 ecuted. The two things chiefly propofed by it were, 
 firft, to make the generality of the readers acquainted 
 with the geography of the country, of which they 
 have as yet very imperfecl and confufed notions j and^ 
 in the fecond place, to lay before the more informed^ 
 an exa6l, clear, and impartial ftate of fads, drawn 
 entirely from authentic papersj by which they may 
 judge for tliemfelves, without comment or refiet'tions 
 to bias them, whether the civil and military officers 
 of the Engliih, or French Eaft: India Company abroad^ 
 have adted with the moft uprightnefs and bravery, in 
 the Gourfe of the war, and the negociations relative 
 to it. 
 
 This being the real defign of the work, every kind 
 bf decoration that was not neceffary to illuftrate fa6ls 
 would have diverted the attention of the reader from 
 a clofe view of the condud of the two nations, by 
 which he is to form his judgment. 
 
 Had thefe materials fallen into the hands of any 
 perfon capable of rendering them more pleafmg, by 
 his fuperior tafte in compofition, and a happy elegance 
 of ftile, furely he would have employed thofe talents 
 injudicioully, had he beftowed them on this work : 
 for the greateft part of it (in order to fupport by au- 
 thorities what is advanced as fad) is an alkriablage of 
 treaties, debates, grants, articles of war, ana lerters. 
 Thefe are here a neceffary, but they. are not a favou- 
 rite part of any work : but there are two pieces tliat 
 are the moft valuable and elTential to the whole. The 
 
 A 3 fiege 
 
VI PREFACE. 
 
 fiegeof Fort St. George, which being a journal, miti^ 
 of courfe be dry ; and Colon' 1 Lawrence's own nar- 
 rative of his campaigns, which, though full of inftruc- 
 tion, was written in a camp, with the foldier-like 
 plainnefs wliich is the diftinguilhing character of that 
 excellent of?.cer. 
 
 It is now fubmitted to ire public, whether it would 
 have been proper to have given a different colour to 
 the continuation of a narrative which had pleafed all 
 who had feen it, by its unatTeCted fimplicity ; and if, 
 after wh.it has been faid, I fhall be crmvided of an 
 error in judgment, it will neither furprize nor give me 
 any concern, provided I am not proved to have made 
 any eflential mitlake in m.uters of fadt. And herein 
 I flatter myfelf I cannot be greatly to blame, as 1 am 
 certain that 1 have not put down any material circum- 
 ftance without the authority of authentic papers, or 
 without confulting with the leveral perfons concerned, 
 and examining mcft thoroughly every thing that has 
 appeared dubious. 
 
 As I have taken fo much pains not to give credit 
 too hailily to any informations I may have received, I 
 may be fallowed todehre the reader will not too rafhly 
 give ear to fuch tefumony as he may think will con- 
 fute them i and particularly, that he will not fuppoie 
 a man the better acquainted with fads for having 
 been in India, unlefs he has been in that very part 
 which was the fcene of the tranladion in queftion i 
 for the feveral fettlements being fome as remote from 
 others as England is from Turky or Africa, the people 
 on one coait have fom times no more knowledge of 
 what is doing on the other, than we have at home. 
 
 It is alfo to be expected, that thofe who have been 
 witnelTes to any event which it has been thought pro- 
 per to relate concifely, will be ready to impute that 
 brevity to a want of information ; when, at the fame 
 time, the European reader will think that very narra- 
 tive too long, and the detail too minute and uninter- 
 dting, 
 
 I Iiave^ 
 
P R E F A G E. vU 
 
 1 have, therefore, in handling every new rubje6t, 
 endeavoured to confine myfelf to the moft recent, as 
 well as the moft important events, alone •, and have 
 avoided going too far back in point of time, as that 
 might occafion a confufion, by introducing a variety 
 of perlons, and a multiplicity of ftrange names ; 
 which would certainly give a heavinefs, if not a ridi- 
 cule, to the whole. 
 
 This naturally leads to the mention of another dif- 
 ficulty. 
 
 The Afiatic Monarchs are exceedingly fond of aflli- 
 ming new names, and frequently bellow them on 
 others as a very ferious and important favour i and 
 indeed they generally confer them engraved on a feal- 
 ring, which exempts the wearer from all taxes, toils, 
 and impofts, wherever he appears with it in the do- 
 minions of the Prince who beftows it. 
 
 By this means it often happens, that dii^rent per^- 
 fons have the fame appellation, and that the fame per- 
 fon is called by different names^ which creates a con- 
 fufion not always in the power of the writer to pre- 
 vent ; fince it is by no means proper to alter a name 
 in the (ignature of original papers -, and yet, when 
 the reader fees the fame perfon figning a different 
 name * from that which he is commonly diftinguilhed 
 by, he vv'ill be apt to think there is fome mifrake. 
 
 As it is impofiible to find out any criterion to fpell 
 the Perfic and Indian names by, fmce they are fb va- 
 rioufly pronounced and fo differently written by perfbns 
 of the lame nation, I cannot pretend to be exad in 
 this particular. The French having publifhed an ac- 
 count of the war fome years ago, many readers will 
 have been habituated to fee names of fome of the 
 principal perfons fpelt after their manner •, therefore, 
 for the fake of conformity, I have ufed the famecon- 
 fonants as I find employed by M, Dupleix and his 
 
 A 4 country- 
 
 * See page 323. The feveral names ufed bv the Virier, who 
 is commonly calkd Shaw Abadin Cawn. 
 
viii PREFACE. 
 
 countrymen -, but as their vowels are pronounced (o 
 very differently from the Englifh, I have, for the 
 mod part, altered them accordingly. The word 
 which hgnifies a warrior, is written by the fcnglifh 
 jung, jing, or jenk ; but as the French, and particu- 
 larly M. Dupleix, write it zing, I have done {o like- 
 whe ; • for though many hold the other to be the true 
 pronunciation, there are fome who make it doubtful •, 
 efpecially when they fay the word Gentoo, or Jentoo, 
 might be fpelt with a z * ■, and it becomes the more a 
 matter of indifference^ when we call to mind the re- 
 ciprocal letters of the Spaniards ; who fpell many 
 words both with the xf andj, and give exadlly the 
 fame found to the one as to the other. 
 
 I could hardly avoid faying thus much, on a fub- 
 je(5l very uninterefting in itfelf, and, poffibly, tirefome 
 to the generality of readers ; I fhall therefore purfue 
 it no farther. 
 
 • In like manner, Jemidar is very often fpelt Zemidar. 
 
 •f- The Spaniards in their voyage to Peru, having occafion to 
 mention our Ship the Chichefter, write it Sixter ; and as we have 
 moftof our fpellings of eaftern words from foreigners or inaccurate 
 feamen and traders, it may be allowable to make fome alterations j 
 though, from the force of habit, fome people will condemn thofe 
 which are made upon the beft reafons. The French having always 
 been imitated by us in the fpelling of Schah and Khan, though the 
 words have for that reafon often been pronounced wrong, the ob- 
 vious fpelling of thefe names with the w, which helps to give the 
 true found to the vowel, will at firft be thought a blameable fingu- 
 larity : to avoid a charge of that kind, 1 have not often deviated 
 from the common fpelling, but as it was necefTary to do it fome- 
 times, I have particularly taken care to alter fuch as might miflead 
 the reader into the fuppofition of falfe etymologies, and give him 
 erroneous ideas of things : as in the ufual fpelling of the word Sea' 
 poy, which made it generally fuppofed, that the Se-poys, who arc 
 foot foldiers, were either failors or marines. 
 
 GLOS- 
 
GLOSSARY 
 
 ^V / 
 
 PERSIC AND INDIAN NAMES. 
 
 Arzee, 
 Bang, 
 Batta, 
 
 Betel, 
 
 A 
 
 Bramin, 
 
 Buckshee, 
 Bunder, 
 Chinam, 
 Chop, 
 
 REQUEST, or petition 
 
 An intoxicating juice of a vegetable 
 
 An extraordinary allowance to the army 
 when abroad in the field, or in any 
 country garrifon where provifions are 
 fcarce 
 
 A leaf, not unlike that of a kidney-bean ; 
 it grows on a vine exadly in the fame 
 manner ; and is in great ufe, from the 
 prince to the beggar. They con- 
 ilantly chew it, mixed with Chinam 
 and Betel-nut J for the Betel-leaf and 
 the Betel-nut are from different plants. 
 The farmers of Madrafs pay the com- 
 pany from fix to feven thoufand pounds 
 a year for the exclufive privilege of 
 vending it 
 
 A prieft 
 
 Treafurer to the Mogul 
 
 A cuilom-houfe 
 
 Fine flacked lime 
 
 A fmall feal, on which is engraved the 
 name of the Mogul and the year of 
 theJiegyra 
 
 Choultrt, 
 
• GLOSSARY. 
 
 Choultry, An open honfe for all travellers, thi 
 
 fame as a Turklfh caravanferai. A 
 bramin refides always in or near ir^ 
 to keep it clean, and to furnifh travel- 
 lers with water, &c. He is maintain- 
 ed by an endowment 
 
 Cm OUT, Properly a fourth, but commonly ufed 
 
 to exprefs the tribute which the Ma- 
 rattas claim and raife on all the go- 
 vernments in India 
 
 CiRCAR, or •! A general name for the government, err 
 
 Sircar, y perfons concerned in the adminiftration 
 
 CoFFREES, (By the French called Cafres) is now be- 
 
 come the general name for all ne- 
 groes who are brought to India from 
 the Cape, the coafl; of Guinea, or any 
 other parts of Africa, and chiefly trom 
 Madagafcar ; they are brave and ftea- 
 dy in the field 
 
 CoLLERiEs, Inhabitants of the woods under the go- 
 
 vernment of the Polygars 
 
 Coo LET, A labourer of any kind 
 
 Coss, A little more than two miles 
 
 CowLE, A protection 
 
 DooLEY, A woman's chair, fomewhat like a fedan 
 
 Durbar, The court of a Mogul Prince, or place 
 
 whepe they meet in council 
 
 DusTucK, An order 
 
 En AM, A gift 
 
 Firman, or 1 A patent, or paper figned by the Mo- 
 
 Phirmaund, \ gul 
 
 GeNTOU, 7 t V Til 
 
 Zentoo, }IndiaiT5, Idolaters 
 
 HousBULHOOKUM, A patent or paper figned by the Vizier 
 
 Jaegerj 
 
GLOSSARY. 
 
 jAGErR, or 7 A territory or domain granted for a par- 
 
 Jaqueer, 3 ticular ufe, either to maintain a num- 
 
 ber of troops, or keep a fort in repair ; 
 and fometimes as a penfion 
 
 Jemidar, or 7 Officers of horfe or foot, and fometimes 
 Zemidar, 3 people of rank employed about the 
 
 perfons of the great in the adminiftra- 
 
 tion 
 
 KiLLEDAR, A Governor of a fort 
 
 Lack, Of roupees, above twelve thoufand five 
 
 hundred pounds. 
 
 Maund, a variable weight ; at Bengal, feventy- 
 
 fix pounds; at Surat, thirty feveft 
 pounds one-half; in Perfia, the Ta- 
 barefe Maund is only fix pounds 
 
 JVIooRg, The Mahometans improperly fo called 
 
 Nabob, A Governor of a province, appointed by 
 
 the Souba, or Viceroy 
 
 Naib, a deputy 
 
 Omrahs, Privy Counfellors, men of the firfl rank 
 
 in the empire ; they are under the 
 Vizier, but are moftly concerned in 
 all the revolutions of the ftate 
 
 Paddy, Rice in the hufk 
 
 Pagoda, An Indian temple 
 
 Pagoda, A coin paid by the Company at eight 
 
 fhilllngs, but intrinfically worth {e\en 
 Ihillings and eight pence 
 
 Pallankeen, a bed, fupported by a wooden or ivory 
 
 frame of fix feet long, and near three 
 feet broad, faftened at each end with 
 crofs flicks to a bamboo fifteen feet 
 long, which forms an arch over the 
 pallankeen or bed, and is covered with 
 a canopy of cloth lined with filk, and 
 fliffened with ribs of the coconut tree 
 
 Paragana, Any diftrid of country 
 
 Parsees, 
 
GLOSSARY. 
 
 Parsees, Worfhippers of fire 
 
 Patamar, a port or meffenger fent from place td 
 
 place 
 
 Peons, A name for the infantry of the Deckan ; 
 
 they are armed with a broad fword, 
 and fomtimes with a matchlock 
 
 Perwanna, a paper figned by the Nabob 
 
 Pettah, The town furrounding an Indian fort 
 
 Phousdar, a renter 
 
 PoLYGAR, Lord of a fmall territory 
 
 Raja, The higheft title of the Gentoo princes 
 
 RouPEE, About two (hillings and fiveptnce 
 
 Saneds, CommifTions, or grants for particular 
 
 countries 
 
 Sardar, An officer of horf^ 
 
 Sepoys, Indian foldiers, which are entertained 
 
 and difciplined by Europeans 
 
 Shroff, A moneychanger or banker 
 
 SiRPAH, Arichdrefsof the country 
 
 Scuba, Viceroy of one of the two great provinces 
 
 Tank, A pond, or pool of water 
 
 Tank A, The revenue appropriated by the Mogul 
 
 for the maintenance of a fleet at Surat 
 
 Tom Toms, Drums 
 
 To PASSES, Black foot foldiers, defcended from Por-j 
 
 tuguefe marrying natives, called To* 
 paffes becaufe they wear hats 
 
 Vakeee, An agent or minifter for the Moor« 
 
The 
 Moguls Empire 
 
 divided 
 into its principal 
 
 Go VERKMETTTS, 
 
 dMitjjui'^r tltils His tori/ 
 
 By T. Jefferys Geographer 
 to His Ma J E 9 T Y. 
 
 ■"I '"'I'll miiiiiw 
 
 -^ape 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 FO R the better underftanding any accounts of a 
 country, with which the European reader is fo 
 httle acquainted, it is neceirary firft to inform 
 him of fuch particulars as lerve to explain the tranf^ 
 adions and events in the work before him. 
 
 It is generally fuppofed, that the Peninfula within 
 the Ganges is under the immediate government of the 
 Mogul himfelf, and that the royal mandates from 
 Pelli are, according to the received notion of fo ar- 
 bitrary a dominion, obeyed in the mod remote parts 
 of the coafl:. This is fo far from the truth, that a 
 great part of that vaft Peninfula never acknowledged 
 any fubje^^ion to the throne of Delli, till the reign of 
 Aurengzebe •, and the revenues from thofe Indian 
 jsiings and Moorifh governors, who were conquered 
 pr employed by him, have, fmce his death, been in- 
 tercepted by the viceroys, which his weaker iuccef- 
 fors have appointed for the government cf the Pe- 
 ninfula : fo that at this time neither can the tribute 
 from the feveral potentates reach the Court of Delli, 
 nor the vigour of the government extend from the 
 capital to thofe remote countries. And ever fmce the 
 province of Indoftan was ruined by Nadir Shaw, the 
 vveaknefs of the Mogul, and the policy and confirm- 
 ed independency of the Viceroys have in a man- 
 ner confined the influence of the government to its 
 inland department. 
 
 Let it therefore be underflood, that the Sovereign 
 poffelTes a third only, and that the leaft valuable part, 
 of his own vaft empire. Bengal, the fmalleft, but 
 moft fertile province, is governed by a Viceroy. The 
 qther divifion, called the Deck^n, extending from 
 
 Salafore 
 
xiv INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Balafore Jagonaut (or thereabouts, for the geography 
 is certainly not fettled) to cape Comorin, is alio dele- 
 gated by the Mogul to another Viceroy, of exceeding 
 great power, having wirhin his jurifdiilion feven large 
 territories, to which he has the undifputed right of 
 nominating feven Nabobs, or governors of provinces. 
 In all parts of India there ere (liil large diftrids, 
 which have prefei ved, with the Gentoo religion, the 
 old form of government under Indian Kings called 
 Raja's. Such are MaifTore, whofe capital is Serin- 
 gapaiam, and Tanjore, whofe capital is Tanjore. 
 There are aifo among the woods and mountainous 
 parts of the country leveral petty Princes, or heads 
 of clans diftinguilhed by the name of Polygars. 
 Thefe are all tributary to the Nabobs, and thofe to 
 the Viceroy, vvhofe capital is Aurengabad. The Car- 
 ratick is that part of the Deckali which comprehends 
 the principal fettlem.ents of the Europeans, iVladrafs, 
 and Pondichery, and alfo Arcot. To eftablifh the 
 government of the laft nam,ed province, and to op- 
 pofe the hoflile intentions of Mr. Dupleix, the Englifh 
 Eafl-India company engaged in this war in fupport 
 of Mahomet Allee Cawn. 
 
 As ir is necefiary, that the reader fliould be well 
 acquainted with the geogi?phy of this country, with- 
 out which he can never h.ive any juft notion of the 
 government of it, the moft accurate maps of particu- 
 lar fpots have been procured, a^.d diftindly engraved •, 
 and there is alio prefixed an outline of the whole 
 country unincumbered t\ itli the fmaller divifions, and 
 containing only ilie names of fiich places as are 
 mofl frequently mentioned, in order to give at one 
 viev/, a full idea of the whole empire of India with- 
 in the Ganges, and to fhevv the confequence of the 
 two great viceroyalties, compared with that of the 
 principal feat of government. 
 
 The chain of mountains which run through the 
 peninfula from north to fouth, are the caufe of an ex- 
 traordinary phenomenon in natural hiflory. The 
 
 countriei 
 
INTRODUCTION. xv 
 
 countries which are feparated by thefe mountains, 
 though under the fame latitude, have their (eafons 
 and climate entirely different from each other; and 
 while it is winter on one fide of the hills, it is lum- 
 mer on the other fide. On the coaft of Malabar a 
 fouth-weft wind begins to blow from the fea at the 
 end of June, with continued rain, and rages againft 
 the coaft for four months, during which time the 
 weather is calm and ferene on the coaft of Coroman- 
 del : and towards the end of Odober, the rainy fea- 
 fon, which they term the Change of the Monfoon, be- 
 gins on the coaft of Coromandel : at which time, 
 the tempeftuous winds bearing continually againft 
 a coaft in which there are no good ports, make it 
 fo dangerous for the fhipping to remain there, for 
 the three enfuing months, that it is icarce ever at- 
 tempted. This is the caufe of the periodical return 
 of our fhips to Bombay, where there is a fecure har- 
 bour, and convenient docks. 
 
 When the reader has been made acquainted with 
 fo much of the geography of the country, as is abfo- 
 lutely necelfary for his underftanding the nature of 
 the government, it will be proper that he fhould be 
 fatisfied in regard to certain doubts and difficulties 
 that will naturally arife in the perufal of the work. 
 
 Without a few previous explanations, he will never 
 be able to conceive, by what means a handful of 
 Europeans fhould appear fo refpedable in the field, 
 when oppofed to a mult'tude of Afiatics. As this is 
 owing to a number of concurring circumftances it 
 will be requifite to give fom.e account of fuch of their 
 manners, habits, and prejudices, as may have a nearer 
 or more remote influence on their military cha- 
 rader. 
 
 Nothing appears a greater difficulty to the military 
 men in this part of the world, than the poffibility of 
 fubfifting fuch vafc multitudes as the Afiatic armies 
 frequently confift of, efpecially with fo large a propor- 
 tion of hoife. 
 
 If 
 
xvi INTRODUCTION. 
 
 If it be matter of aftonifhment, that fuch mim-? 
 bers of fighting men are frequently brought into the 
 field, how will it appear when it is added to the ac- 
 count that every hor(e-man has two fervants, one to 
 take care of his horfe, the other to procure him fo- 
 rage, and that allthefe are accompanied by their wives 
 and children, that there always follows the camp ^ 
 moveable town of fhops, where every thing is to be 
 fold as in their cities, fome hundreds of elephants for 
 ilate only, and a train of women (with their num- 
 berlefs retinue; belonging to the Prince and the great 
 officers. For wherever the Sovereign moves, he is 
 more taken up vt^ith a vain oftentation of pomp and 
 magnificence, than with the objed of the war ; and 
 it is his pleafure that his fubjeds fhould abandon the 
 capital in order to augment his * numbers. 
 
 To 
 
 * I took a view of the Leflcer, or Mogul's camp, which is onf 
 of the greateft wonders I ever beheld (and chiefly for that I faw 
 it fet up and finifh'd in lefs than four hours) it being no lefs than 
 twenty Englifti miles in compafs, the length fomeways three coffes 
 (about feven miles) including the Ocirts : in the middle, where the 
 ftreets are orderly, and tents joined, there are all forts of fhops, 
 and fo regularly difpofed, that every man knows whither to go 
 directly lor what he wants; each man of quality, and every trade 
 being appointed how far from the King's tents they fliall pitch, 
 what ground they ihall take up, and on what fide, without ever 
 altering. All which, as it lies together, is almoft equal to any 
 town in Europe for greatnefs : but no man muft approach the 
 royal quarter, by a mufket-fhot every way, which is now fo ftridl- 
 ly obferved, that none are admitted but by name : and the time of 
 the durbar in the evening is omitted, andfpent in hunting or hawk- 
 ing on pools by boat, in which the King takes wonderful delight 
 and his barges ajc removed on carts with him. 
 
 Sir T&omas Roe's 'journal^ 
 In imitation of their Sovereign, and from the fame motives of 
 pride and vanity, the lefler Princes and Viceroys, afi^eft the fame 
 magnificence in the fplendor of their camps and the number of 
 their followers. Thofe who were with Nazirzing in 1750, give 
 the like defcription of his camp, being well aiTured that it exceed- 
 ed twenty miles in circumference ; but as for the numbers, there 
 is no way of afcertaining them ; therefore they only fay, they 
 were reported on the fpot to have been 300,000 fighting men, 
 
 aod 
 
INTRODUCTION. xvii 
 
 To provide for all thele, the whole country is put 
 in motion, and the ftric^eft orders are given for all 
 provifions to be brought into the camp. By thefe 
 means, all the cities far and near are exhaufted, but 
 the camp for the mofl part, is plentifully fupplied. 
 
 The forage is procured in the following manner. 
 Every horfc-man is allowed a man for the purpofe, 
 who is conftantly employed in cutting turt, and wafli- 
 ing the roots of it : and this is a more hearty food for 
 a horfe than grafs. A fhower of rain produces ano- 
 ther crop in a lew days time : and in cafe of conti- 
 nued dry weather, they move their camp to frefh 
 ground *. 
 
 Many of the Indians abftain from all kinds of 
 animal food, and the greateft part of them ufe rice, as 
 their common and almoft only fuftenance : and as 
 they have fo great a veneration for Cows, they are all 
 prohibited by their religion, from killing any of that 
 fpecies ; therefore there generally is a fufficient fup^ 
 
 B ply 
 
 and might poffibly have been near 200,000; and the followers of 
 the camp faid to have exceeded a million, might pollibly have 
 amounted to half that number. Nazirzing's army being, at that 
 time, in the heart of his own dominions, and undi^urbed by ma- 
 rauders, was regularly hipplied from all the neighbouring towns, 
 which, by receiving ready money for their provifions, were en- 
 abled to pay the arrears of their revenues, fo that the Viceroy 
 maintained this amazing multitude by the colleftions and contribu- 
 tions which he railed in his march, without diminifhing from the 
 treafures which he always carried with him, and which ferved to 
 fill twenty tents with gold and filver coin. 
 
 * They alfo feed their horfes in the rice fields, and where meat 
 is plenty, they boil the offal to rags, and mixing it with butter and 
 fome forts of grain, make balls of it, which the thrull down the 
 horfes throat. In a fcarcicy of provifions, they give them opium, 
 which has the fame efi'ed both on the horfes and men. for at once 
 it damps their appetites, and enables them to endure fatigue. 
 The horfes of the country, are naturally fo exceedingly vicious, 
 that they are not to be broke in the manage, and cannot b^ brought 
 to aft with the fame regularity In the field, as a fquadron of 
 European cavalry. The Perfian horfes being more gentle and do- 
 cile, and greatly efteemed, and often valued at z thoufand guineas. 
 Thofe of India, fell for fifty or a hundred. 
 
xviii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 ply of beef for the Mahometan foldiery, and the fmall 
 proportion of Europeans. But to lelfen the furprize 
 of the more exacfl calculator, it muft be fuppofed, that 
 thefe numerous armies feldom keep the field any time, 
 without great lofs by famine i for a very confiderable 
 diminution is fcarcely felt, among fuch numbers, and 
 very little regarded from any notions of humanity : 
 a famine is, therefore, neither confidered as any 
 thing extraordinary ; nor v/ill the memory of it 
 ever prevent the afTemblage of another multitude, 
 v/ho muft alto be liable to the fame diances of fub- 
 - filling or flarving, as accident fhall determine. In 
 Tike manner, allowance muft be made for the great 
 Jt)f& and damage they fuftain in men, beafts, and al! 
 the implements of war, as often as they move in dif- 
 ficult roads and * defJes, and particularly in their me* 
 thod of palling over great rivers. For their riversy 
 when they are not fordabJe, In the rainy feafon be- 
 come torrents, being fwelled to fuch a degree, that 
 they are not to be palTed but flantwife, the landing 
 place being frequently above a mile below the place of 
 embarkation, and heavy vellels, built of timber, could 
 not be brought irp againft the ftream to ferve again. 
 They therefore make large boats of a kind of 
 balket-work, which they cover with fkins. As there 
 muft always be great plenty cf hides in fo numerous 
 an army, they are eafily made. They are very light 
 
 and 
 
 * We marclied every other day about four cofles only, with 
 fiich a train of baggage, as was almoft Impoffible to be kept in 
 order; we palled through woods, and over mountain? thick of 
 bu(hes, where many camels perKTied ; and many people tired with 
 the diificulties of an impaflible way, went away to Agra, and all 
 complained. I loft my tents and carts, but by midnight we met 
 again. The king refted two days ; for the Lefkars could not in 
 lefs time recover their order ; many of the king's women, and 
 thoufands of coaches, cairs.and camels, lying in the woody moun- 
 tains without meat Or water. He himfelf got through on a fmalt 
 Elephant that will climb up rocks, and pafs fuch ftraits, that no 
 horfe 01 bsail 1 havefcen, can follow him. 
 
 Sir T. Set's Journal 
 
INTRODUCTION. xix 
 
 and manageable, and yet will carry above fifty horfe, 
 and are capable of tranfporting the heavieft artillery. 
 It is owing entirely to an ignorance of the man- 
 ners of the Afiatics, that many people imagine they 
 can never be made foldiers. It may perhaps be 
 fhewn that they never will, whilft the fame wretched 
 government and abhorrence of innovation lubfifis: 
 but thole are greatly miltaken, who attribute their 
 dread of fire arms, and particularly of artillery, to a 
 daftardly difpofition, and an invincible timidity. 
 
 The true caufe lies in the inexperience of their lead- 
 ing men, who never underftood the advantages of 
 difcipline, and who have kept their infantry upon loo 
 low a footing. Their cavalry (which are, among 
 them, very refpedlable, and alfo well paid} though not 
 backward to engage with fabres, are extremely unwil- 
 ling to bring their horfes within the reach of our guns ; 
 fo that they do not decline an engagement Co much 
 through fear for their lives, as tor their fortunes, which 
 areall laidout in the horfe they rideon. As an inftance 
 of the affection they contract for fo (srviceable a crea 
 ture, Morarow, the general of the Marattas, having 
 had his favourite horfe fhot, mourned for him three 
 days, after their manner, that is to fay, was fo long 
 witiiout his turban. 
 
 Such of the natives as have been difciplined and 
 encouraged bv Europeans, and formed into a regu- 
 lar infantry, under officers of their own, and generaliy 
 known by the name of Sepoys, have familiarized 
 rheinlelves to fire arms, and behaved well behind 
 wails ; and when we give them ferjeants to lead 
 tliem on, they make no contemptible figure in the 
 field. 
 
 Nothing is fo ruinous to their military affairs, as 
 the falfe notion which is generally entertained among 
 them, and chiefly by their commanders, m relatioii 
 to artillery. They are terrified with that of the 
 enemy, and fooliilily put a confidence in their own ; 
 and what is the moft fatal mitlake, they place thei: 
 B 2 chief 
 
XX 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 chief dcpendance on the largeft pieces, which they 
 neither know how to manage nor move. They give 
 them pompous and founding names, as the Italians 
 do to their guns, and have fome pieces which carry a 
 bail of feventy pounds. When we march round 
 them with our light field pieces, and make it necef- 
 fary to move thole enormous weights, their bullocks, 
 which are at beft very untraceable, if a ihot comes 
 among them, are quite ungovernable; and at the 
 fame time are fo ill harnelfed, that it caufes no 
 Imal! delay to free the rePc from any one that fhall 
 happen to be unruly or flain. 
 
 in war with the Afiatics alone, we have a much 
 greater advantage in their being fo very tenacious of 
 their old manners, than in their want of bravery. 
 Not only the Prince himfelf, but every Raja, who 
 has the command of all the forces he can bring into 
 the field, be they more or lefs, always appears among 
 them mounted on an Elephant, and is at once the 
 General and enfign, or ftandard of that corps, who 
 keep their eyes conftantly on him ; and if they lofe 
 fight of him tor a moment, conclude that all is loll. 
 1 bus \VQ find, Aurengzebe gained two battles by the 
 treachery of thofe who defired his two vidtorious bro- 
 thers to get down from their Elephants, mount their 
 ' horfes, and purfue the vanquifhed : their troops mif- 
 fing them, immediately difperfed. The fame prac- 
 tice, continued to this day, affords our engineers a 
 fair opportunity of deciding the fate of a whole de- 
 tachment, by one well directed difcharge of a fix 
 pounder : and thofe enormous beafls, now feem to 
 be brought into the field for no other end but to be 
 a maik for our artillery. It is faid, they begin to 
 fee the danger of this practice, but furely that might 
 have been found long fince ; for before the ufe of 
 artillery, the General thus diflinguifhed, was in like 
 manner expofed to the arrows of a whole army, and 
 yet we always find them in the fame perilous ftation. 
 Porus is faid to have been pierced with nine arrows, 
 
 and 
 
INTRODUCTION. xxi 
 
 and to have funk from his Elephant with innume- 
 rable wounds. It fhould feem probable, that not 
 merely their regard for ancient manners, but the ex- 
 pediency of keeping their troops together by this fig- 
 nal, will induce them to continue the fame method ; 
 the necelhiy of which will appear from the conduct 
 and fuccefs of Aurengzebe, who, when he found his 
 army giving way on every Hde, ordered chains to be 
 faftened about the legs of his Elephant, to convince 
 them that he would not give the example of flight i 
 and that thofe to uhom his life was dear or intereft- 
 ing, could preferve it by no other means but firmly 
 maintaining their ground It may perhaps be a far- 
 ther illuftration of this practice, to ihew the conformi- 
 ty of cuftoms among remote and different barbarous 
 nations, unfkilled in the military fcience. 
 
 In the hiftories of America, we find Montezuma 
 reprefented as performing no part of a general, but 
 only fitting in an exalted ftage on men's fhoulders, 
 and ferving as a conlpicuous ftandard to his troops. 
 
 To fhew that they themfelves are fenfible of the 
 danger of being thus expofed, they will fometimes 
 avail themfelves of the only device that can afford 
 them any fecunty. For it has been cbferved, that 
 feveral Elephants caparifon'd alike, with riders in the 
 fame rich and fplendid habits, have appeared in dif- 
 ferent parts of the field on the fame day. 
 
 Another great obftacle to their fuccefs in war, is 
 their fuperftition, and particularly their ftridl obferv- 
 ance of lucky and unlucky days, which often prevents 
 them from taking the moll obvious advantages of an 
 enemy. 
 
 Being fond of all kinds of beaftsof prey, they keep 
 great numbers of them, and often viht them before 
 they give battle ; and if they find them heavy and 
 dull, they think it a bad omen, and a reafon fulhcient 
 to poftpone their intended delign of an action •, and 
 on the other hand, the accidental fury of the animal 
 is regarded as a happy omen of fuccels. They have 
 
 B q alfa 
 
xxii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 alfo a cuflom of matching two wild beaP-?., moft com- 
 monly elephants; and having given their own name 
 to the one and that of the enemy to the other, they 
 bring them together to fight in prefence of their army: 
 but in this cuftom, they are not altogether to be con- 
 demned for fuperftitious folly, fince they have the policy 
 to make it a very iintqual match, and to give their 
 own name to the ftrongeft. 
 
 The art of influencing the vulgar to engage in 
 any great undtrtaking. by the aid of thefe preju- 
 dices, is rare, where the chiefs are themfelves alfb 
 fuperftitiou- : but it frequently happens that great 
 obftacles are by thefe means thrown in their way and 
 many of their defigns made to mifcarry by artful peo- 
 ple. In order to give an authentick reprefentation 
 of fuch pradices, the following extradtof a letter from 
 Colonel Laurence, to the Governor of Fort St. 
 George, is here inferted. 
 
 " We made one march nearer the enemy, and in* 
 tended to have pofted ourfelves this day on the 
 road between Wandewafli and Pondichery, but 
 were prevented by the following unforefeen acci- 
 dent. For fome days paft, the black people at- 
 tending the camp, have been very fickly, and fome 
 of them died every day, and that by almoftinftanta- 
 neous deaths, owing partly to the feafon of the year, 
 and in fome mealure to bad water. A Bramin, 
 moft probably employed by the enemy, came into 
 our camp, and by pretending infpiratiuns, he ga^ 
 thered about him a crowd of Malabar people-, 
 thefe he tlireatened with the vengeance of their 
 gods if they folLnved the camp, and very artfully 
 infinuated, that the prefent reigning ficknefs 
 amongft them, was a punifhment inflided on them 
 by their god, who was offended at their remaining 
 with the Englifh. Upon this, all the* Cooleys 
 delerted. 
 
 But 
 
 * Blacks who are hired to carry the baggage, and fometimes 
 to draw the guns. 
 
INTRODUCTION. xxiii 
 
 But what is the greateft obftacle of all, to tlieir be- 
 coming a military people, is, that thofe who have once 
 had fuch fuccefs in the field, as to obtain the name 
 of Fortunate, being thereby confidered as invincible, 
 and in confequence unmolelled for a time, are wil- 
 ling to fave the needlefs expence of an army. For 
 this reafon there are few veterans, and moft of their 
 armies confift of an aflemblage of various people has- 
 tily brought together from different pans j fo that 
 there can be no fuch thing as difcipline, without 
 which, numbers are but an impediment, and bravery 
 iiieffedual. 
 
 Notwithftanding they have fo feverely fufFered by 
 being furprized in the night by the Europeans -, they 
 can never be brought to eflablifh either order or vigi- 
 lance in their camp : and when they have a6\ed with 
 us as allies, the moft earned remonftrances could ne- 
 ver prevail with them to be lufficiently upon their 
 guard, when in the neighbourhood of the French, or 
 to quit their ground in the * morning, to co-operate 
 with us in furprizing the enemy. 
 
 At the dole of the evening, every man eats an in- 
 conceivable quantity of rice, and many take after it 
 fome kind of foporific drugs -, fo that about mid-night, 
 the whole army is in a dead fleep : the confequence 
 of thv",fe habits is obvious ; and yet it v/ould appear a 
 ftrange propofition to an Eaftern Monarch, to endea- 
 vour to perfuade him that the fecurity of his throne 
 depended upon the regulation of the meals of a com- 
 mon foldier : much iefs would he be prevailed on to 
 reftrain him in the ufe of that opium, which is to warm 
 his blood for adtion, and animate his foul with he- 
 roilm. It muft fill the mind of an European foldier 
 at once with compaflion and contempt, to fee a heap 
 of thefe poor creatures, folely animated by a momen- 
 tary intoxication, crowded into a breach, and both 
 
 B 4 in 
 
 • Sec Page. 193 
 
xxiv INTRODUCTION. 
 
 in their garb and impotent fury, refembling a mob of 
 frantic women. 
 
 There is certainly an appearance of effeminacy in 
 the Eallern drefs, which has at all times greatly con- 
 tributed to leffen their military chara6ler with the 
 Ruropean nations, who, from their own habits and 
 prejudices, will naturally receive a ftrange imprelhon, 
 upon feeing a body of horfe in filk or cotton robes. 
 Tbefe laft mentioned particulars are not infifted on 
 as any part of the argument ; the foregoing accounts 
 will fufficiently demonflrate, that a nation under 
 fuch circumftances, can never become a military 
 people. 
 
 And yet, there is no charaiffer they are fo fond of 
 as that of a warrior ; and as they have no bther no- 
 tion of government, they have been, from time im- 
 memorial continually at war with one another. They 
 will ftill talk in a very high flrain of their paffion 
 for military glory •, and as the word z/w^, in their 
 language, iignifies a foldier, it will appear, by the 
 frequency of that termination to moft of the names 
 mentioned in the following fheets, how generally they 
 affett the honour of that title. 
 
 Upon this occafion, it would be great injuflice to 
 our commanders on the coaft of Coromandel, not to 
 obferve, that they have always had to contend with a 
 fuperior body of Europeans, conducted by leaders of 
 experience and rank in the French army. 
 
 Thus far it has been requifite to relate fuch of the 
 Aliatic manners, as may give fome light to the ac- 
 counts of their military operations ; and it might 
 perliaps be not altogether unpleafmg to the reader, 
 nor ufelefs dn this occafion, to relate fomc far- 
 ther particulars of the Moors, who are the govern- 
 ing pe >ple of India, and particularly of the Mogul, 
 To enter into a minute delcription of the cuffom 
 of the Indians, though they were the original in- 
 habitants (behdes that Bernier, Thevenor, Taver- 
 
 nier. 
 
INTRODUCTION. xxv 
 
 nier, and * others, have treated of them at large) 
 is not the defign of this work, and more particu- 
 larly belongs to the commercial hiftory of thefe coun- 
 tries. But for the illuilration of the events of vvar» 
 the manners of the f Moors who have ufurped the 
 government, are chiefly to be examined into. 
 
 It is extremely difficult to give any recent account 
 of thefe princes, as they are by cuftom proud, have 
 a contempt for other nations, and admit no one to 
 their courts, unlefs it be fuch as by any peculiar ta- 
 lent may happen to adminifter to the gratification 
 of fome prefent fancy, or to the relief of any difor- 
 der they may labour under. They have an implicit 
 faith in the abilities of the European phyficians. It 
 is owing to this opinion, that Bernier was enabled to 
 give fo ample and authentic an account of the life 
 and manners of Aurengzebe. He travelled with 
 him in his extraordinary journey to Cachemire, of 
 which he has given a clear, comprehenlive, and 
 moft entertaining journal. As Bernier's whole ac- 
 count of the Mogul Empire, is fo full and inflruc- 
 tive, it is much more proper to recommend the pe- 
 rufal of it to the reader, than to tranfcribe, as is too 
 often the pradice, from a book that is in every body's 
 hands, and which is, throughout, full of uie arid 
 entertainment. 
 
 But on the other hand, where there are books 
 that, amidft a quantity of ufelefs matter, have (bme 
 few curious particulars ; or when any fcarce trad is 
 either out of print, or only to be found among large 
 coUedtions ; in fuch cafe, it may be allowable to give 
 extrads of the moft uieful palfages. The juftnefs 
 
 of 
 
 * There is a very good account by Terry, chaplain to Sir Tho- 
 mas Roe's embafly, printed along with the Englilh tranflation of 
 Pietro de la Valle's travels to the Malabar coaft. 
 
 -j- It is a great impropriety to call the Mahometan-ufurpers of 
 India by the name of Moors : and yet, as the writers of all nations 
 have always given them that appellation, it would now be a grc-i^- 
 ter impropriety to deviate from that ufage. 
 
xxvi INTRODUCTION. 
 
 of the foregoing obfervation, will be fhewn, if the 
 majority of readers fhall happen to be unacquainted 
 with thejournalof fo eminent a perfon as Sir Thomas 
 Roe, who was ambalTador from James I. to the Mo- 
 gul Jehan Guirc, As no Englilhman has lately had 
 the opportunity of fo familiar an intercourfe with thofe 
 Monarchs, the accounts given by him of the fplendor 
 of the Mogul, fo greatly diminifhed of late years, 
 with fome particulars of his private life, may not im- 
 properly be here inlerted : and it is to be remark'd, that 
 fo flriit is their attachment to antient manners, that 
 they never change their modes of life or fafliions ; 
 and therefore whoever reads a defcription of them in 
 any diftant time, will have a moft exact reprefentation 
 of their prefent manners. 
 
 Extrad of a Letter from Sir Thomas Roe, to the 
 Archbifhop of Canter bury y dated Adjmcre^ Janu- 
 ary 29, 1615. 
 
 * np H E S E people have no Written Laws, the 
 
 * X King's judgment binds ; who lus and gives 
 
 * fentence once a week with much patience, both in 
 
 * civil and criminal caufes, where fometimes he fees 
 
 * the execution done by his Elephants with too much 
 
 * delight in blood. 
 
 ' His Governors of provinces rule by his Firmans, 
 
 * which are his letters or commifliors authorizing 
 
 * them, and take life and goods at pleafure. 
 
 ' In revenue he doubtlefs exceeds either Turk or 
 ' Perfian, or any Eaftern Prince, the fums I dare not 
 
 * name : but the reafon, all the lands are his, no 
 
 * man has a foot. He maintains all that are not me- 
 
 * chanics, by revenues beftowed on them, reck- 
 
 * oned by horfes ; and the allowance of many isgrea- 
 
 * ter than the ellates of German Princes. All men 
 
 * rife to greater and greater Lordfhips as they ad- 
 ' vance in favour, which is got by frequent prefents, 
 ' rich and rare. The Mogul is heir to all that die, 
 
 * as 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 XXV u 
 
 as well thofe that gained it by their induftry, as 
 merchants, i£c. as thofe that live by him. He 
 takes all their money, only leaving the widow and 
 daughters what he pleafes. To the Tons of thofe 
 that die worth two or three millions, he gives fbme 
 fmall Lordfhip to begin the world anew. The 
 King fits out in three feveral places three times of 
 the day, except fomething extraordinary hinders 
 him ; an hour at noon to fee his elephants fight, 
 from four till five to entertain all comers, to befeen 
 and worfhipped -, from nine till midnight amidfl his 
 principal men in more familiarity, being below 
 among them. 
 
 * All the policy of his ftate is to keep the greatefl 
 men about him, or to pay them afar off liberally *. 
 There is no council, but every officer gives the King 
 his opinion apart. He (meaning Jehan Guire, 
 Grandfather of Aurengzebe) is of countenance 
 cheerful, and not proud in nature, but only by ha- 
 bit and cuftom, for at night he is very affable and 
 full of gentle converfation. 
 
 ' The buildings are all bafe, of mud, one flory 
 high. 1 know not by what policy the Kingfeeks 
 the ruin of all the antient cities which were nobly 
 built, and now lie defolate and in rubbilh. His own 
 houfes are of flone, handfome and uniform. His 
 great men build not, for want of inheritance, and 
 as far as 1 have yet feen, live in tents or houfes worfe 
 than our cottages.' 
 
 A Letter of the fame date from Sir Thomas Roe, to 
 the Eaft-India Company. 
 
 ' \ T my firft audience, the Mogul prevented 
 ' jf\. me in fpeech, bidding me welcome as to the 
 * brother of the King my mafter : and after many 
 
 * com- 
 
 * And whether at home or abroad, to keep a great number of 
 fples continually about them. 
 
xxviii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 * compliments, I delivered his Majefty's letter, with 
 ' a copy of it in Perfian : then I fhewed my commif- 
 
 * fion, and delivered your prefents, that is, the coach, 
 ' the virginals, the knives, a fcarf embroidered, and 
 ' a fword of my own. He, fitting in his fhate, could 
 ' not well fee the coach, but fent many to view it, 
 ' and caufed the mufician to play on the virginals, 
 
 * which gave him content. At night, having (laid 
 ' the coachman and mufician, he came down into a 
 
 * court, got into the coach, and into every corner oi 
 ' it, caufing it to be drawn about. Then he fent to 
 
 * me, though it was ten o'clock at night, for a fer 
 
 * vant to put on his fcarf and fword after the Englifh 
 ' fafhion, of which he was fo proud, that he walk- 
 
 * ed up and down fiourilhing it, and has never fince 
 
 * been feen without it. But after the Englifh were 
 
 * come away, he afked the Jefuit, whether the King 
 ' of England was a great King, that fent prefents of 
 ' fo fmall value, and that he looked for fomejewels. 
 
 * There is nothing more welcome here, nor did I 
 
 * ever fee men fo fond of drink, as the King and 
 
 * Prince are of red wine, whereof the Governor of 
 ' Surat fent up fome bottles, and the King has ever 
 ' fince folicited tor more : I think four or five cafl« 
 
 * of that wine will be more welcome than the richeft 
 ' jewels in Cheapfide." 
 
 Extrads from Sir Thomas Roe's Journal. 
 
 * np H E King having been far gone over night in 
 
 * X wine, fbme, however accidentally or malici- 
 
 * oufly, fpoke of the lafl merry night, and that many 
 ' of the nobility drank wine, which none muft do 
 ' without leave. The King forgetting his order, afl-i- 
 ' ed who gave it, and anfwer was made the Buckfhee ; 
 
 * for no man dares fay it was the King when he 
 
 * makes a doubt of it. The cuftom is, that when 
 
 * the King drinks, which is alone, fometimes he will 
 
 * command the nobility to drink after him, which if 
 
 they 
 
INTRODUCTION. xxix 
 
 they do not, it is looked upon as a crime : and (6 
 every man that takes a cup of wine of the officer, 
 has his name writ down, and he makes his obei- 
 fance, though perhaps the King's eyes are clouded 
 The King not remembering his own command, 
 called the Buckfhee, and allied whether he gave 
 the order, who falfely denied it, for he had it 
 from the King, and by name called all that drank 
 with the Embaffador. The King then called for the 
 lift, and the perfons named in it, and fined fome 
 one, fome two, and fome three thoufand roupees ; 
 and feme that were nearer his perfon, he caufed to 
 be whipped before him, they receiving a hundred 
 and thirty ftripes with a terrible inftrument, having 
 at the ends of four cords, irons like fpur-rowels, fb 
 that every ftroke made four wounds. When they 
 lay for dead on the ground, he commanded the 
 ftanders-by to fpurn them, and after that, the por- 
 ters to break their ftaveson them. Thus moft cru- 
 elly mangled and bruifed they were carried out : 
 one of them died on the fpot, fome would have 
 excufed it by laying it on the Embailador, but the 
 King replied he only ordered a cup or two to be giv- 
 en him. Drunkennefs is a common vice, and an ex- 
 ercife of the King's, yet it is fo ftridly forbidden, 
 that no man can enter the Guzelcan when the King 
 fits, but the porters fmell his breath, and if he have 
 but tafted wine, he is not fuffered to come in, and 
 if the reafon of his abfence be but known, it will 
 be a difficult matter toefcape the whip ; for if the 
 King once takes offence, the father will not fpeak 
 for the fon. 
 
 ' The fecond of September was the King's birth- 
 day, and kept with great folemnity. On this day 
 the King is -.veighedagainfl: fome jewels, gold, filver, 
 ftuffs of gold, hlver, and f] Iks, butter, rice, fruit, 
 and many other things, of every ibrt a little, which 
 is all given to the Bramins, 
 
 * He 
 
XXX INTRODUCTION. 
 
 ' He was fo rich in jewels, that I own in my hfc I 
 
 * never faw fuch ineftimable wealth together. The 
 ' time was fpent in bringing his greateft elephants be- 
 
 * fore him ; Ibme of which being lord-elephants, had 
 ' their chains, bells, and furniture of gold and filver, 
 ' with many gilt banners and flags carried about 
 
 * them, and eight or ten elephants waiting on each of 
 
 * them cloathed in gold, filk, and filver. 
 
 * In this manner about twelve companies paflTed by 
 ' moft richly adorned, the firft having all the plates 
 ' on his head and breaft fet with rubies and emeralds, 
 ' being a beaft of wonderful bulk and beauty. They 
 
 * all bowed down before the King, making their re- 
 ' verence very handfomely : this was the finefl fhow 
 
 * of beafts I ever law, 
 
 ^ I found the iVIogul fitting on his throne, and a 
 ' beggar at his feet, a poor hlly old man, all ragged 
 
 * and patched. The country abounds in this fort o{ 
 *■ profefTed poor holy men -, they are called Fakeers *, 
 
 * and held in great veneration : and in works ofmor- 
 
 * tification and voluntary futFering, they outdo all 
 
 * that ever has been pretended either by Hereticks or 
 ' Idolaters. This miferable wretch cloathed in rags, 
 
 * crowned with feathers, and covered with afhes, his 
 ' Majetly talked with about an hour fo familiarly, and 
 
 with 
 * There are few books of Voyagesamong the Turks or Indians 
 which do not make mention of the Fakeers or Joguies. The for- 
 mer is a Turkifii word, and fignifies poor, the latter is the Indian 
 name for thcfe extraordinary faints, for fuch they are efteemed, 
 and are called Santos at Cairo, and in many other parts It is well 
 known that the veneration paid to the numerous body of thefe 
 worthlefs and infolent beggars, is owing to the opinion of extra- 
 ordinary fanftity which a few of this fe£t acquire by the per- 
 formance of certain fingular and fantailical vows. Some have 
 made a vow to hold their arms above their head till they contraft 
 8 ftifFnefs, and can never be moved : others to keep their hands 
 clenched till their nails grow through them : others to fit in chairs 
 full of (harp nails, to drag a heavy chain, to carry valt weights about 
 their necks, or fire on their heads. Some years ago one of thefe 
 made a vow to meafure the length of the whole empire with his own 
 body ; and at this time there is a Fakeer who every day rolls him- 
 felf round the rock at Trichinopoly, which is a mile in circurofc- 
 Vence. 
 
INTRODUCTION. xxxi 
 
 with fuch feeming kindnefs, that it mud needs ar- 
 gue an humility not found eafily among Kings. 
 The beggar fat, which the King's Ton dares not do. 
 He gave the King a prefent of a cake mixed with 
 afhes, burnt on the coals, and made by himfelf of 
 coarfe grain, which the King willingly accepted, 
 broke a bit -and eat it, which a nice perfon could 
 fcarce have done ; then he took the clout that v/rap- 
 ped it up, and put it into the poor man's bofom, and 
 fen r for an hundred roupees, and with his own 
 hand poured them into the poor man's lap, and ga- 
 thered up for him what fell befides. When his col- 
 lation or banquet, and drink came, whatfoever he 
 took to eat he broke and gave the beggar half ; and 
 riling, after many humiliations and charities, the 
 old wretch not being nimble, he took him up in his 
 arms, though no cleanly perfon durft have touched 
 him, and embracing him three times, laying his 
 hand upon his heart, and calling him father, left 
 him and all of us in admiration. 
 * While the King appeared at the window, two 
 eunuchs flood on two trelfels with long poles, and 
 feather-fans at the end of them, tanning him. He 
 baftowed many favours, and received prefents. At 
 one fide in a window were his two principal wives, 
 whofe curiofity made them break little holes in a 
 grate of reed that hung before it, to gaze on me : 
 1 faw firft their fingers, and then, they laying their 
 face clofe, firft: the one and then the other, I could 
 fometimes difcern their full proportion. They were 
 indifferently white, with black hair fmoothed up : 
 but if there had been no other light, their diamonds 
 and pearls had fufficed to fhow them. Wh^en I look- 
 ed up they retired, and were fo merry, that I fup- 
 poted they laughed at me. On a fudden the King 
 rofe, we retired to the Durbar, and fat on the car- 
 pets, attending his coming out Not long after he 
 came and fat about half an hour, till his Ladies at 
 their door had mounted their elephants, which were 
 
 ' about 
 
xxxii INTRODUCTIO>7. 
 
 about fifty, all of them richly adorned, but chiefly 
 with turrets on their backs, all incloled with grates 
 of gold wire to look through, and canopies over 
 of cloth of filver. Then the King came down the 
 flairs with fuch an acclamation of health to the 
 King, as would have out-roared cannon. At the 
 foot of the flairs, where I met him, and fhuffled to 
 be next, one brought a mighty caip, anodier a difh 
 of white ftutf like flarch, into which he put his fin- 
 ger, and touched the fifh, and fo rubbed it on his 
 forehead : a ceremony ufed prefaging good fortune. 
 Then another came and girt on his fword, and hung 
 on his buckler, fet all over with diamonds and ru- 
 bies, the belts of gold fuitable : another hung on 
 his quiver with thirty arrows, and his bow in a cafe, 
 being the fame that was prefented by the Perfian 
 Embaflador. On his head he wore a rich turbant, 
 with a plume of Heron's feathers, not many, but 
 long: on the one fide a ruby unfet as big as a walnut, 
 on the other fide a diamond as large ; in the mid- 
 dle an emerald much bigger. His flafF was wound 
 about with a chain of great pearl, rubies and dia- 
 monds drilled. About his neck he wore a chain of 
 three firings of mod excellent pearl, the largeft I ever 
 faw. Above his elbows, armletsfet with diamonds, 
 and on his wrifls, three rowsof feveralforts ; his hands 
 bare, but almofl on every finger a ring ; his gloves, 
 which were Englifh, fluck under his girdle. His 
 coat of cloth of gold without fleeves, upon a fine 
 femian as thin as lawn. On his feet a pair of bu(- 
 kins embroidered with pearl, the toes fharp and tur- 
 ning up. Thus armed and accoutred, he went to 
 the coach that attended him with his new Englifh 
 fervant, who wascloathed as rich as any player, and 
 more gaudy, and had broke four horfes, which were 
 trapped and harnelTed in gold and velvets. This was 
 the firfl coach he ever fat in, made by that fent out 
 of England, and fo like, that I knew it not but by 
 the cover, which was a Perfian gold velvet. He 
 
 ' fat 
 
INTRODUCTION. xxxlii 
 
 fat at the end, and on each fide went two eunuchs, 
 who carried fmall maces of gold fet all over with ru- 
 bies, with a long bunch of horfe-tail to flap the flies 
 away. Before him went drums, bafe trumpets, and 
 loud mufick. •, many canopies, umbrellas, and other 
 flrange enfigns of majefty, made of cloth of gold, 
 fet in many places with rubies. Nine led horfes, the 
 furniture all garnifhed, fome with pearls and eme- 
 ralds, fome only with ftuds enamelled. The Perfi- 
 an Embaflador prefented him a horfe. Next be- 
 hind came three palankeens, the carriages and feet 
 of one plated with gold, fet at the ends with flones, 
 and covered with crimfon velvet, embroidered with 
 pearl, and fringes of great pearl, hanging in ropes 
 a foot deep, a border about it fet with rubies and 
 tmeralds : and a footman carried a footftool of gold 
 fet with Hones. The other two palankeens were 
 covered and lined only with cloth of gold. Next 
 followed theEnglirti coach newly covered and richly 
 adorned, which he had given to Queen Nourma- 
 hal, who fat in it, After them a third, in which 
 fat his youngeft fons. Then followed above twenty 
 elephants royal, led for him to mount, fo rich in 
 ftones and furniture that they glittered like the fun. 
 Every elephant had fundry flags of cloth of filver, 
 gilt fattin and taffety. His noblemen he fuffer- 
 ed to walk on foot, which I did to the gate, and 
 left him. His Wives on their elephants were car- 
 ried half a mile behind him, 
 ' When he came before the door, \yhere was hisel- 
 defl: fon kept prifoner, he ftayed the coach, and cal- 
 led for him. He came and made reverence, with a 
 fword and buckler in his hand, his beard grown to 
 his middle, a fign of disfavour. The King com« 
 manded him to mount one of the fpare elephants, 
 and lb rode next to him, with extraordinary applaule 
 and joy of all men, who are now fiilled with new 
 hopes. The King gave him one thoufand roupees 
 to call to the people. His Jailor, Afaph Chan, and 
 
 C 'all 
 
xxxiv . INTRODUCTION. 
 
 aU tbofe monfters, were yet on foot : I took horfe 
 to avoid the croud and other inconveniences, and 
 crpfled Qu; of the Le(kar before him, waiting till he 
 can:ie near his tents. He pafled all the waj' between 
 . a guard of elephants, having every' one" a turret 
 91(1 his back, and on the four corners of each, four 
 'bajiners of yellow taffety, and right before a piece 
 of cannon carrying a bullet as big as a tennis-ball, 
 the gunner behind it. They were in all about three 
 hundred. Other elephants of {late went before, and 
 behind, about fix hundred, all of which were co- 
 vered Vvith velvet, or cloth of gold, and had two 
 "or three gilded banners : feveral footmen ran along 
 the way with Ocins of water to lay the duft before 
 the living. No horie or man was fufFered to come 
 within two furlongs of the coach, except thofe that 
 walked by on foot ; Co that I liafled to his tents to 
 attend his alighting. They were vyalled in about 
 half an Englilh mile in compafs, in form of a fort, 
 with feveral angles and bulwarks, and high cur- 
 tains of a coarfe, ItutF made like, arras, red on the 
 outfide, and within figures in panes, witli a hand- 
 fbme gatehoufe ; every poft that bore thefe up was 
 headed with brafs. The throng was great : i had 
 a mind to go in, but no one was permitted, the 
 greatefl in the land fitting at the door ; however I 
 made an offer, and they admitted me, but refufed 
 the Perfian EmbaiTador. In the midfl of this court 
 was a throne of Mother of Pearl, borne on two 
 pillars raifed on earth, covered over with a high 
 tent, the pole headed with a knob of gold : under , 
 that, canopies of cloth of gold, and under-foot 
 carpets. When the King entered, every man cried 
 joy and good fortune^ and fo we took our places. 
 He called for water, wafhed his hands, and depar- 
 ted. His women went in fome other way to their 
 apartments, and his fon 1 faw not. 
 
 •' Within 
 
INTRODUCTION. xxxv 
 
 ' Within this inclofure where about thirty divifi- 
 ons with tents. All the noblemen retired to theirs 
 which Vv'ere in excellent forms, Ibme all white, forae 
 green, fome mixed, all inclofed as orderly as any 
 houfe, in the mofh magnificent manner I ever faw. 
 The vale fhowed like a beautiful city, for the bag- 
 gage made no confuiion ; I was ill provided with 
 carriages, and afhamed of m.y equipage •, for five 
 years allowance would not have provided me an in- 
 different tent anfwerable to others, and to add to 
 the grandeur, every man has two, fo that one 
 of them goes before to the next ground and is fet 
 up a day before the King riles from the place 
 where he is. 
 
 ACircumllance which may appear trifling will 
 greatly contribute to compleat the idea which 
 '•^ir Thomas Roe has given us of the Moors in 
 India, 
 
 It happened there was among the prefents, a pic- 
 ture of Venus leading a Satyr by the nofe. The 
 Mogul when he faw this, fhewed it to his courtiers, 
 and bid them remark the action of the woman, the 
 blacknefs of the Satyr's Ikin, and other particulars, 
 giving them to underftand, he confidered it as a re- 
 flettion on the people of Afia, whom he fuppofed to 
 be reprefented by the Satyr, as being of their com- 
 plexion ; and that the Venus leading him by the nofe 
 denoted the great power the women of that country 
 have over the men. 
 
 It was indeed too appofite an emblem ; and this, 
 will give a juil reprefentadon of the luxurious indo- 
 lence in which they pals the greateft part of their 
 lives, except v/hen they are at war. As they fit for 
 the moft part (when they are not with their wo- 
 men) upon their fbfas, Imoaking, and amufing 
 themfelves with their jewels, taking coffee or fweet- 
 meats, feeing their quails fight, or fuch like paf- 
 
 C 2 times J 
 
xxxvi INTRODUCTION. 
 
 times; nothing farprizes them fo much as to fee ^ 
 Europear. walk about a room ; and none but their 
 very young people ever ride for amulement or ex- 
 ercile only. 
 
 Though Sir Thomas Roe reprefents the pride of 
 the Mogul js fcarcely (upportable to an Englilliman, 
 yet that Embailador appears to have been favoured in 
 a very extraorcir.ary manner. The extreme difre- 
 gard which the Ahatic Sovereigns naturally have for 
 Europeans, is fully fet forth in the following exrratt 
 from M. de Bully's letter publifhed in Mr. Dupleix's 
 Memoirs, [t is a juft and moll authentic piclure 
 of the haughty demeanor and alfuming arrogance of 
 thofe people, and will prove what has been advanced 
 of the very little intercourle we could have had with 
 them, 
 
 Extra5f of a Leiter from M. de BulTy. 
 
 POUR bien apprecier I'etat prefent de la nation 
 Francoife dans i'lnde, il faut fe rapeller ces terns 
 d' humiliations oii les Francois etoient forces pour le 
 bien de leur commerce, d'aller timidiment porter leurs 
 prefens'& leurs homraagesa de petits chefs de Bourga- 
 des que nous n'admetons aujourd'hui a nos Dorbards, 
 que lorique nos interhs I'txigent •, Je ne parle pas 
 d'un terns bien eloigne, il n'y a que fix ans que ce 
 change m.^nt a commence; alors le Nabob d' Arcate 
 tout perit Seigneur qu'il etoir, compare au Souba du 
 Dekam dont il n'cto:t que le Fermier, traiter avec 
 nous comme un Souverain avec fes fiijets. II prenoit, 
 en ecrivant a nos Gouverneurs, un ton d'autorite 
 bien humiliant pour la nation Francoife. Nous ne 
 paroillions qu*en fupplians, & toiyours charges de 
 prelens qu'il cxigeoit comme un tnbut. Quelqu'un 
 de fes bas-pfficiers approchoit il de Pondichery, on en- 
 voyoit par deputation le recevoir au loin, avec de 
 grandes marques de confideration. En un mot, qui- 
 conque fe difoit envoye de la part, etoit alTure d'etre 
 
 craint. 
 
INTRODUCTION, xxxvii 
 
 crai'nt, refpede, charge de prefens de la notre. II fal- 
 I'oit, difoit on, tout mettre en ufage pour ne point ir^ 
 riter ces petits tyrans, dont le relTentiment pouvoit 
 porter un prejudice confiderable au commerce. II 
 etoit inoui alors qu'un Souba du Dekam abaiffat fa 
 fiertejufqu' a ecrire a im Commandant General des 
 FraiiCois. Qyand Nifam Elmoiilouk^ pere du Nabob 
 regnant, vint dans la province d' Arcate pour repren- 
 dre fur les Marattes la ville de ! ri'chenapoly toutcs 
 les nations Europeennes s'emprefTerent a lui donner 
 des marques de leur foumiliion & mirent tout en 
 ii{age pour gngner fa bienveillance. Daigna-t'il ecrire 
 a auciin de ceux qui les reprefentoient ? Non fans 
 doute ; il ne daigna pas meme honorer d'un de fes 
 regards les riches prefens qu'on jettoit refpedlueufe- 
 ment a fes pieds, comme un hommage de depen- 
 dance. Quelles etoient les bornes des ettablilTements 
 de la compagnie avant I'expedition qui m'occupe de- 
 puis quatre ans ? Pondicherv, Carikal, Chandernagor 
 en compofoient a peu pres toute I'etendue. Pouroit- 
 on franchir ces bornes fans faire des balTefies & des 
 prefens, pour en obtenir la permiflion des FaulTedars 
 oil Fermiers du pays ? 
 
 A Tranilatiori of the foregoing. 
 
 t r-|-« O'form a true judgment of the advantageous 
 
 * A change in the affairs of the French in India, 
 
 * we muft go back to thofe timics when they were 
 
 * obliged, for the intereft of their commerce, in a 
 
 * ferviie manner to carry their prefenls, and pay their 
 
 * homage to thofe petty chiefs whom we do not at 
 
 * prefent deign to admit to our Durbar,' except 
 
 * when fome particular intereft requires it. I fpeak 
 ' not of diftant times, this change is within thefe 
 
 * fix years. It was no longer ago that the Nabob of 
 ' Arcot, inconfiderable as he is in regard to the Sou- 
 
 * ba of the Deckan, for he is but a farmer of his re- 
 ' Venues, behaved to us as a iovereign to his fub* 
 
 C 3 jed^s. 
 
xxxviii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 je(f\s. His letter to our Governours ran in a ftraiii 
 of authority opprobrious to the French nation. 
 We never appeared before him but as fuppliants 
 carrying prelents, which he continually exaded 
 from us. If any even of his inferior officers came 
 towards Pondi chery, formal deputations were fent 
 out to meet them with the greateft marks of re- 
 fpefl. The utmofl: care was taken to avoid giving 
 offence t;o thofe petty tyrants, whofe refentment 
 might have prejudiced our commerce. 
 ' For a Souba ot the Deckan to condefcend to write 
 to the Commandant General of the French, was 
 a thing unheard of, and not to beexpefted. When 
 Nizam al Mulk, father of the reigning Souba, came 
 into the province of Arcot to retake Trichinopoly 
 from the Marattas, the European nations ftrove 
 who fhould give him the ftrongeft marks of their 
 fubmillion, and omitted no means of gaining his 
 favour : yet he deigned not to write to any of the 
 Governors who reprefented thofe nations, and 
 hardly honoured with a look the rich prefents, laid 
 with all imaginable refped at his feet, as a token 
 of their homage and dependence. 
 * What were the bounds of the Company's eftab- 
 lifhments before the expedition which has taken me 
 up thefe four years .? Pondichery, Carical, and Chan- 
 dernagore, where the whole of their extent : thofe 
 bounds could not be paffed without fubmillion and 
 pre(ents, to obtain leave from the farmers of the 
 revenue. 
 
 IT is evident from this lettei*^ how few Europeans 
 have of late been acquainted with the interior 
 parrs of the country. But M. de Bufly, by accompany- 
 ing Salabatzing in all his motions, and fome of our 
 own countryn-.en, from their intimate and familiar in- 
 tercourfe with the governing people in * Bengal, have 
 
 had 
 
 * When they were at Patna, they had conftant advices from Delii, 
 
INTRODUCTION. xxxix 
 
 had all advantages of information ; and it was 
 from a certain knowledge, that the moft ample and 
 iinftruftive materials for this purpole had been pro- 
 vided in the country, and were now adually in Eng- 
 land, that I defilled from the defign I had once en- 
 tertained of entering on the affairs of Bengal. Be- 
 fides, I had not engaged m any part of this work 
 many weeks, before there appeared fome Memoirs 
 of the Revolutions in Bengal, publifhed by a perfon 
 principally concerned in them, which anticipated my 
 purpofe of giving a flight view of thofe affairs : And 
 whenever the publick fhali be favoured by thofe 
 who are fo capable and fo well prepared thoroughly 
 to explain not only the fecret fprings of the great 
 events and revolutions, but alfo the civil, commercial, 
 and natural hiftory of Bengal, it will appear how 
 much more properly the hiilory of that province is 
 left to thofe who had a perfonal Ihare in the tranfac- 
 tions, and had themfelves feen and confidered the 
 ftate of the country. If, contrary to my apprehenfi- 
 on, the fame reafoning ought to have deterred me 
 from attempting the relation of the war in the other 
 parts of India, it will give me great pleafure to fee 
 the hiftory of the Coafc of Coromandel alfo laid be- 
 fore the publick in a manner more worthy their at- 
 tention. 
 
 COLONEL 
 
•. COLONEL LAWRENCE'S 
 
 NARRATIVE of the WAR, 
 
 O N T H E 
 
 COAST OF COROMANDEL, 
 
 From the Beginning of the Troubles to the Year 
 1754- 
 
 1730. 
 
 H E authority of the Nabob Mahomet 
 Allee Cawn having been difputed by 
 the French, was the firft caufe of the 
 war. I (hall endeavour to fhew how he 
 founded his right, and with what jufticc 
 the French fupported his competitors. I 
 (hall trace it from the year 1730, as the different ap- 
 pointments, made fince that time by the viceroys of 
 the Deckan, have a necellary connedion with many 
 parts of this narrative, and lead to a knowledge of 
 the perfons principally concerned in this fcene of 
 troubles. 
 
 The viceroy of the Deckan, in the year 1730, 
 was called Nizam Almuluck. According to his right 
 
 of 
 
4a- N A R R A T I V E OF the W A R 17.3S-, 
 
 of nominating a Governor of the Carnatick, now 
 more generally known by the name of the Nabob of 
 Arcot, he appointed Sacc:t Allee Cawn, who was fuc- 
 ceeded by his nephew Deull Alee Cawn, who gover- 
 ned in the year 1740. 
 
 Chunda Saib, a man of no family or riches, but 
 endowed by nature with talents, and a capacity that 
 made ample amends for what fortune had denied him, 
 had the command of a fmall diftrid of country, and 
 could bring about an hundred horle into the field. He 
 ferved under Deuft Allee Cawn, to whom his genius 
 foon made him known, and fo ufeful, that he advanced 
 him, and married him to one of his daughters. 
 
 The kingdom of Trichinopoly was then under the 
 Gentou government. The king dying, left no chil- 
 dren, and appointed his biother'is fon to flicceed. Tte'. 
 dowager queen, fupporfed by her two brothers, put 
 in a claim to the regency, till her eldefl: brother's fon 
 was of a fit age to reign. There was a third party 
 formed, by a relation of the deceafed.king, who de.- 
 manded the throne as his rio;ht, and t>r6c2;ht a lar^r^ 
 army to fupport his pretentions *. The king's party 
 was foon thrown out of the competition, and the dil- 
 pure continued between the queen and the king's re- 
 lations. The queen applied to the Nabob of Arcot^- 
 and he came to her afliftance, and with him Chunda 
 Saib, as his general, who managed affairs fo well, 
 that, having weaken'd both, he formed a ilronger 
 party for himfelf, and waited wkh patience till his 
 Icheme was ripe for execution. Under pretence of a 
 vilit to the queen, he introduced himfelf and fome 
 troops into the town, got poffellion of it,.piit to death 
 all the different competitors, plundered and imprifon- 
 ed the queen, who, finding no refource left, poifoned 
 lierfelf ; firfl burning the alcoran on whicli Chu::da- 
 Saib had fworn that his only vi'ew^ in this vifit Were 
 
 to 
 
 * The Gentou queen's name was MenacKiafna. Hercorapetr^ 
 tor, the king's relation, Tfinjcianaik. 
 
1738. ON THE COAST OF C O R O M A N D E L. 43 
 
 to fhew marks of refped and regard. Thus the go- 
 vernment of the kingdom of Trichinopoly was chang-^ 
 ed in 1738, and llill continues under the Nabob of 
 Arcot ; and is commonly given to one of his neareft 
 relations. 
 
 In the year 1740, the Marattas invaded Arcot; 
 and overthrew Deuft Allee Cawn in a battle which coft 
 him his life. His fon, Subter Allee Cawn, on his 
 father's death, fled to Madrafs, and there obtained 
 the prote(5lion of Mr. Benyon, then governor. Soon 
 after he received a grant from Nizam Almuluck, ap- 
 pointing him Nabob of Arcot •, but, in the year 1744, 
 he was treacheroufly murdered, at a feaft made by 
 his brother-in law IVIoot is Allee Cawn, at Velloure, 
 a ftrong fort, twelve miles from Arcot. 
 
 Coza Abd ALLAH Cawn fucceeded him, and was 
 himfelf, fhortly after, fucceeded by Anaverdy Cawn, 
 our prefent Nabob's father, who was appointed, by 
 the viceroy of the Deckan, nabob of Arcot, in the 
 year i745- ' 
 
 Chunda Saib remained at Trichinopoly till the year 
 1 741, when the Marattas came a fecond time into the 
 country, befieged the town, got poffeiiion of it, and 
 took him prifoner. He was carried to Sattarali, the 
 Marattas' capital, and there confined till 1748, the 
 year in which Nizam Almuluck died. 
 
 Nizam Almuluck left four fons, Gauzedy Cawn, 
 Nazerzing, Salabatzing, and Nizam Allee. 
 
 Though the fuccellion in this country is not heredi- 
 tary, yet it commonly runs in the fame family, efpe- 
 cially when the furvivors have power to make good 
 their pretenfions, and money to fecure the Mogul's 
 appointment. Gauzedy Cawn, the eldell fon, was 
 then Bucfhee, or pay-matfer-general to the N^ogul, 
 the fecond man in power, next to die Vizier, in this 
 mighty empire. He having perhaps more ambitious 
 views, refuied the viceroyaky of the Deckan, but 
 made over his interelt to the fecond fon Nazerzing, 
 who was appointed by the Mogul Shaw Hamet. 
 
 Nizam 
 
44 N ARR AT I VE OF THE W A R 1749. 
 
 Nizam Almiiluck had alfo a nephew, Eradmoodin 
 Cawn, commonly called Muzapherzing, who, un hi.<? 
 uncle's death, laidclaim to theCarnatick, founded, as 
 he (aid, onapromife from his uncle. But Nazirzing 
 refufed his confenr, and confirmed Anaverdy Cawn^ 
 agreeable to his father's appointment. On thisrefufal 
 Muzapherzing declared he would lupport his preten- 
 ilons by open force. His firfi Hep was to go to Sat- 
 tarah, and apply to Eallazerow, chief of the Marat- 
 tas, for alfiflance. There he faw Chunda Saib, who 
 flill remained prifoner. Muzapherzing engaged to 
 get him releafed, and Chunda Saib, on his fide, pro- 
 mifed to go to Pondichery, and influence Mr. Du- 
 pleix to aflifl and fupport him in his caufe. The Ma- 
 ratta chief confented to every thing, and promifed his 
 afliftaiice. He kept his word in regard to the relea- 
 fing of Chunda Saib, but fent no troops. Chunda 
 Saib fet out for Pondichery, in 1748, and Muzapher- 
 zing prepared to raife an army. 
 
 Chunda Saib fucceeded, made fome prefents, and 
 promifed much more •, and, when Muzapherzing 
 was ready, they were joined by fix hundred French, 
 and a train of artillery. In July 1749, they marched 
 for Arcot, and there encountered Anaverdy Cawn^ 
 who loft the vitlory and his life. His eideft fon^ 
 Mauphus Cawn, was taken prifoner, and his fecond 
 fbn, Mahom.ed Allee Cawn, the prefent Nabob, made 
 the beft of his way to his government of Trichinopoly, 
 waiting there for an opportunity to revenge his fa- 
 ther's death. The vidorious army purfued the blow, 
 took Arcot, and over-ran the whole province. They 
 afterwards returned to Pondichery, where Muza- 
 pherzing appointed Chunda Saib Nabob of Arcot, 
 
 They remained quiet at Pondichery, till Admiral 
 Bofcawen failed for Europe, not daring to move till 
 he was out oi fight. The day after Odlober 21, i 749, 
 they took the field, and raifed contributions all over 
 the country. The king of Tanjore, having refufed 
 to acknowledge Muzapherzing, or Chunda Saib, 
 they marched and laid liege to his capital. The 
 
 French 
 
J 750- ON THE COAST OF e OR O MAN DEL. 45 
 
 French were commanded by Mr. Law, nephew of 
 the famous Milfifippi Law. They foon made a 
 breach, but the troops within feeming determined 
 to defend it, they were afraid to venture an aflauh. 
 By protratfting the fiege, the people in the town were 
 reduced to their laft barrel of powder ; but, how- 
 ever, they fayed the place, by compounding for fome 
 lacks of * roupees in ready money, and a bill for le- 
 venty-five lacks more. The enemy railed the fiege, 
 but, after one day's march, the French army return- 
 ed, and infilled on a ftjm of money for themfelves, 
 alledging that they had not received any part of what 
 was paid. However, it was to no purpole, for the 
 king of Tanjore, having received in that time a rein- 
 forcement of Sepoys and gunners, and a large quan- 
 tity of powder from Trichinopoly, refufed to give any 
 more. Still the breach remained open, which the 
 French would not attack. In the mean time, certain 
 accounts came of Nazerzing's march from Aurenga- 
 bad towards Arcot, in order to punilli Muzapherzing, 
 and Chunda Saib, for their rebellion. This obliged 
 them to raife the fiege a fecond time in good earned, 
 and retiirn to Pondichery. This pafled in January 
 1750. 
 
 Ever fince Anaverdy Cawn's defeat, his fon, Ma- 
 homed Allee Cawn, had defired our alliflance It 
 was neceifary to put a ftop to the progrefs of the 
 French, whether in juflice to alfift the lawful prince 
 againft rebels, or as an a6t of felf-defence, and to 
 prevent an increafe of power in an opprelTive neigh- 
 hour, that muft at laft, have proved our ruin. This 
 determined us to protect the Nabob Mahomet Allee 
 Cawn, till we could know Nazirzing's determination : 
 captain Cope was therefore lent with a detachment to 
 Trichinopoly. 
 
 Nazirzing had given orders to the Nabob tojoin 
 him on his march, in obedience to which hef^t out 
 from Trichinopoly, at the head of a large army of 
 
 horfe, 
 * Alack of roupees is about 42000 I. (lerling. 
 
46 N A RR ATI VE OF THE W AR 1750. 
 
 liorfe, and the Englifh detachment commanded by 
 Captain Cope, and joined Nazirzing at* Waldore, in 
 February 1750. As it isculloraary amongft all Eastern 
 princes to make prefents on the ririt vilit, when the 
 Nabob waited on Nazirzing, he afked him what he 
 had brought : the Nabob took Captain Cope by the 
 liand, ana, prefenting him, faid he had brought that 
 gentleman and the aillfiance of the Englifh nation, 
 N zirzing was pleafed with the anfvver, conferred 
 fome honours on Captain Cope, and, a few days after, 
 appointed Mahomed AlleeCawn to fucceed his father, 
 is Nabob of Arcctand Trichinopoly. 
 
 JVIuzapherzing and Chunda Saib marched out of 
 Pondichery with their army, and two thoufand Euro- 
 peans commanded by Mr. Dauteuil, with a large 
 train of artillery, and a numerous body of Sepoys. 
 They took polt within a few miles of Nazirzing, at 
 whole earneit and repeated requeli, I marched with 
 fix hundred men, accompanied with Mr. Weftcott, 
 one of ihe council, with a commilllon to treat with 
 Nazirzing, in which we were aihiled by Captain Dal- 
 ton. 
 
 We joined him at ^ illanure, and were very graci- 
 oufiy received, fui table to the dignity of an Eaftern 
 prince, at the head of three hundred thouiand men, 
 of which he declared me Ceneralifiimo. He propo- 
 fcd to me to attack the enemy immediately ; I told 
 him, in the Eaftern ftile, that he muft be fure of vic- 
 tory v/herever he fought, yet the attack might be at- 
 tended with fome difficulty, and coft him the lives of 
 many brave men, as the enemy were ftrongly pofted-f, 
 
 and 
 
 * A fort fome miles weft of Pondichery. 
 ■\- The French were en r:nched, and hnd 20 pieces of cannon. 
 Nazarzing had 800 ; but his principal officer of artillery was an 
 Irishman, for the natives, in general, think every European an En- 
 gineer. I happened to find fault wiih this gentleman's difpofition 
 of his artillery, which v/as in a hoilov/. where his cannon were 
 hid. He gravely replitd, "What, did ' 'hink him mad, or foolifh 
 " epough, to evpofc his excellency's cannon, by placing it on a 
 *' rifing ground r" 
 
1750. ON TiiE COAST OF CO ROM A.N DEL. 47 
 
 and had with them a large train of artillery. But that, 
 if he plealed to march between them and Pondiche- 
 ry, he might, by cutting off their communication, 
 oblige them to fight at a greater difadvantage. 
 
 However jufl my propofal might be, his anfwer 
 was as follows : What ! ftiall the great Nazirzing, the 
 fon of Nizam al Mulk, even for an advantage, feem 
 to retreat before fo defpicable an enemy ? no, he would 
 march and attack them in front. 1 told him he might 
 do as he pleafed, I was ready to fupport him. 
 
 The two armies were fo near, that the next day 
 we cannonaded, and were drawn out to engage. 
 
 In this fituation, a melTenger came to me from Mr. 
 Dauteuil, to acquaint me, " That although v/e were 
 '' engaged in different caufes, yet it was not his de- 
 ** fign nor inclination, that any European blood fhould 
 ^' be fpilt : but as he did not know our poll, fhould 
 '* any of his fhot come that way, and hurt the Eng- 
 " lifh, he could not be blamed." I fent him for 
 anfwer, " That 1 had the honour of carrying the 
 " Engliili colours on my flag gun, which if he plea- 
 *' fed to look out for, he mig'it know from thence 
 *' where the Englifh were potted ;" and I afTured 
 him, I fliou'd alio be very loth to fpiii European 
 blood •, but, if any fliot came that way, he might be 
 afTured I would return them. 
 
 To know, I fuppofe, vi^hether I was in earnefi:, a 
 fhot was fired from their battery over our heads : I 
 ordered three guns to anfwer to it, and faw them well 
 pointed, Mr. Dauteuil feeing us refolved not to look 
 tamely on, and probably fearing the fucce/^^ of an ac- 
 tion, thought it more prudent to retreat in the night. 
 Left his heavy artillery fhould retard him, he, for 
 the greater expedinon, left eleven pieces behind ; and 
 what was worfe, part of his artillery-men tv'ith them, 
 the better to conceal his defign ; for he gave out, he 
 was only going to alarm our camp in the night, and 
 would be back in the morning. 
 
 Nazirzing 
 
48 NARRATIVE OF THE WAR 1750. 
 
 Nazirzing having immediate notice of his retreat, 
 foon routed Muzapherzing's and Chunda's Saib's 
 forces; fell in with the unfortunate French gunners 
 left behind as a facrifice, and cut moft of them to 
 pieces. We faved 3s many as we could, taking them 
 by force out of the hands of the Moors, got their 
 wounds drelTed by our furgeons, and took all the care 
 of them that humanity required of us. In return, 
 Mr. Duf)leix wrote a long proteft againft me, for 
 making French fubjeds prifoners in time of peace ; 
 but the poor fellows, more fenfible of the obligations 
 they were under to us, very gratefully acknowledged 
 our tender ufage, and confefled it was entirely owing 
 to us that they were faved, 
 
 The fame night a large detachment of Marattas 
 from Nazirzing's camp, commanded by Morarow *, 
 v/ere fent in purfuit of Mr. Dauteuil. They came up 
 with him the next day. Mr. Dauteuil formed his 
 men into a fquare. Morarow attacked and broke it 
 with only fifteen men, imagining his whole party in 
 his rear ; but feeing his danger, he with that handful, 
 when furrounded, boldly pufhed for it ; and breaking 
 through the oppofite fide, cleared his way with fix 
 men, having loft nine in the attack. 
 
 On the retreat of the French and their army being 
 difperfed, Muzapherzing fuhmitted to, and im- 
 plored the mercy of his uncle, who received, 
 him into his camp, and detained him as a ftatc 
 prifoner ; but Chunda Saib, whofe fole depen- 
 dance was on Mr Dupleix, continued obftinate, and 
 retreated with the French to Pondichery. Muza- 
 pherzing's fubmiflion, as will rhordy appear, was on- 
 
 • Morarow, whofe name often occurs in this narrative, is a Ma- 
 ratta, who by fupporting the divifions in the country, has made 
 bimfcif confiderable from a fmall beginning; he fides with no 
 party but as he finds his advantage in it, and as eafiiy changes fides i^ 
 i)e commands about 3000 very good horfe. When he is not em- 
 ployed or paii by any prince, he fcours the country for himfelf, 
 and raifes contributions where he can get moit, and with leaft 
 rifque. His real mafter i? the Nanah Shaw Raja ; but he obeys 
 disorders juil as they are conducive to his own intereih 
 
1750- ON THE Coast OF COROM ANDEL. 49 
 
 ly politic, and, that he might be nearer at hand, to 
 concert a fcheme, which in a few months was put 
 in execution, at the expence of his uncle's life. The 
 coniequence of the victory was the retaking of Arcot, 
 which again acknowledged its lawful mailer. 
 
 Mr. Dupleix, after this dilgrace, ^rote; a. long let- 
 ter to Nazirzing^ which he would not open or read 
 but in our prcience. Though he pretended fubmilli- 
 on to the viceroy, he had ftill the prcfumption to dic- 
 tate to him, and infiR, that none of the*family of 
 Anaverdy Cawn fhould ever govern the province of 
 Arcot. AmbafTadors came alio to treat publickly for 
 an accommodation, but their real bufmefs was pri- 
 vately to concert meafures with Shanavas Cawn, Na- 
 zirzing's prime minifter and the * chiefs of the con- 
 fpiracy, which was firfh laid in Fondichery by Chunda 
 Saib and Mr. Dupleix, who promifed to aififl: them 
 to theutmofl of his power, as it plainly appeared af- 
 terwards. Though this was carried on with great fe- 
 crecy, I had information that fome defign was on foot 
 againft Nazirzing, and that Shanavas Cawn was prin- 
 cipally concerned in it. I therefore defircd my inter- 
 preter to acquaint Nazirzing with what I had heard^ 
 and in particiilar what concerned his prime minifter. 
 But fo great were the apprehenhons of the perfon we 
 employed as linguift, that he did not dare to fay what 
 I diretted him, nor accufe a perfon in fuch high fa- 
 vour and power as Shanavas Cawn, who was prefent^ 
 f ) much did he dread his refentment, which I plainly 
 difcovered from the anfwers I received from Nazir- 
 zing, and the confufion of the interpreter.. 
 
 D Part 
 
 * The two princlpnls of which were the Nabobs of CadapaK 
 and Condanore. Thefe NaboSs are under the viceroy of the 
 Deckan ; their country is in the Subalhip of Golconda ; they h^.\'e 
 in their pay numbers of Patans, who are reckoned the beH: ibldi'^rs 
 amongll thefe ealtern moors : as the policy of this ill ruled empire 
 requires frequent afi'iiiinations, thefe Patans are efteeined very 
 ufeful in that kind of villamv. 
 
CO N ARR A TI VE OF THE W AR 175a 
 
 Part of our inftrudions to Nazirzing were, to ob- 
 tain an enlargement of our bounds round MadralSj 
 which he frequently promifed, and certainly intend- 
 ed to perform, had not his minifter, who was in an 
 oppoilte intereft, contrived todifappoint us, by delay- 
 ing and putting us off from time to time. Seeing 
 ourfelves only amufed, we prefTed our demands with 
 more earnefhiefs, and Nazirzing promifed we fhould 
 be immediately fatisfied ; but defired we would 
 march with him to Arcot, a propofal we could by no 
 means confent.to, as it would have left our fettle- 
 raenis and frontier bounds expofed to the infults of 
 2000 French, and Chunda Saib, who at this time 
 was raifmg another army. We alfb endeavoured to 
 make him fenfible, that his march to Arcot removed 
 him too far from his enemies, who were only wait- 
 ing for a favourable opportunity to renew the troubles. 
 That it was eafy for him, by ftaying where he was, 
 to finifh the bufinefs efFe(5\ually, and to diftrefs his 
 enemies, by cutting off their communication with the 
 country, and thereby oblige them to accept of what- 
 ever terms he would pleale to offer them. But the 
 more we urged againft his march to Arcot the more 
 his favourite prefl'ed him to it. Our removal from 
 him was the great object of the party, that had re- 
 folved his ruin. 
 
 Finding all our endeavours were of no weight 
 againfl a determined Icheme, we marched to our fet- 
 tlements, and Nazirzing to Arcot, where, lulled inta 
 a I'ecurity, by what he was willing to look upon as 
 a victory, he gave himfelf up entirely to the pleafures 
 he was fondefl of, women and hunting. Nothing 
 was omitted by the faction to amufe him, and take 
 off his attention from bufinefs, or whatever might 
 lead to a difcovery of the defigns which were carrying 
 on againft him. 
 
 The detachment commanded by Morarow, fent in 
 purfuit of the French, when they retreated from Na- 
 zirzing encamped near Fondichery, with their ufual 
 
 carelelTnefsi 
 
J750- ON THE COAST OF CO ROM ANDEL. 51 
 
 eareleffnefs. The French attacked them in the night, 
 when they httle expected, and were as little prepared 
 for an enemy, and eafily put them td the rout, killed a 
 great many, and got pofTefrion of their camp and 
 baggage. This fllccefs animated the French, and 
 they once more took the field with Chunda Saib, and 
 marched for Trivtdy, a fortified pagoda, fituated 
 about fixteen rriiles weft of fort St. David, which being 
 garrifon'd only by country troops, they foon got pol- 
 leifion of it. 
 
 The Nabob, Mahorriet-Allee Cawn, who had at- 
 tended Nazirzing to Arcot, and was conftantly prel^ 
 fmg him to return to the charge, defired a party fronl 
 the army, to oppofe and punifh the French, and 
 Ghunda Saib : and at the fame time applied to the 
 Englilh for a body of Europeans, and a train of artil- 
 lery. Captain Cope therefore, with 400 of the mili- 
 tary, and a body of fepoys, marched td his affiftance ; 
 and in coniundion they moved towards the enemy. 
 I Ihould at that time have taken the field myfelf, but 
 the chair becoming vacant by the removal of Mr. 
 Floyer, I was obliged to take the government till Mr. 
 Saunders, who was appointed to fucceed, could comd 
 from Vizagapatam, and foon after his arrival, I em-» 
 barked for England. 
 
 The Nabob had agreed to pay the whole expence 
 of our troops in the field ; but a large prefent to Na- 
 zarzing for his commiiTion having exhaufted his trea- 
 fiiry, inftead of money, we got only trifling excufes> 
 with which he put us off from day today, till at laft 
 the expences falling entire upon us, and the Nabob, for 
 want of magazines and money, being unable td 
 rharch his arriiy between the French and Pondichery, 
 Captain Cope had oiders to return. 
 
 The very next night after, the French and Chunda 
 Saib attacked the Nabob in his camp. It could not 
 be called a battle, but a rout ; the troops, inftead 
 of fighting? running away in fmail parties, every 
 thing fell into the victor's hands ; even the Nabob,- 
 
 D 2, with 
 
52 NARR A TI VEoF THE WAR 1750. 
 
 with difficulty made his efcape, almoft fingiy, and un- 
 attended, to Nazirzing. 
 
 The enemy did not remain idle, but followed the 
 blow ; and partly by threats, partly fair promifes, got 
 pofTeflion of Gingce, a place exceeding ftrong by 
 nature, and not ill fortified, according to the eallern 
 manner. They took care to fecure tlieir new con- 
 queft by a ftrong garrifon, fupporting it well with ar- 
 tillery and ammunition. 
 
 Nazirzing, rouzed from his lethargy by the lofs of 
 Gingee, and refle<f\ing on its confequences, immedi- 
 ately marched frcm Arcot to retake that important 
 place, declaring he would facceed or never return, 
 ^•luzapherzing and his faction now thought it a pro- 
 per time to put their Ichemes in execution -, Nazirzing 
 with his army furrounded Gingee ; the French, and 
 Chunda Saib were encamped under the walls. 
 
 Nothing now was wanting but to ftrike the blow, 
 which was concerted in the following manner. The 
 French were to attack that part of the camp which 
 the Nabobs of Cadapah and Condanore occupied, and 
 their troops had inftrucl:ions to make no reiiftance. 
 The Nabobs had engaged on their part to alTaffinate 
 Nazirzing at his firft appearance, on the alarm. The 
 attack was no fooner begun, but the two Nabobs made 
 diredly for Nazirzing's tent, and meeting him as he 
 came out, ihey intreated him to mount his elephant 
 and punilli the rebels. The unfortunate prince was 
 difpofing himleh to follow their advice, when the 
 ftroke was given, the one ftabbing him with a poniard, 
 while the other iTiot him with a piftol. His head 
 was fevered from his body, fixed on a fpear, and 
 brought to his nephew Muzapherzing, who being im- 
 mediately rekafed, and mounted on his late uncle's 
 elephant, was proclaim'd through the camp Viceroy 
 of the Deckan. Little or no refiflance was made any 
 where; fo general was the conlternation, that every 
 body thought of faving themfelves, not knowing who 
 were friends or enemies, nor how to oppofe a fuc- 
 
 ccflion 
 
1750. ON THE COAST OF COROMANDEL. 53 
 
 cedion they fo little expef^ed. The French pufhed 
 their way to Nazirzing's tents, where was found an 
 immenfe treafure, in money and jewels, by which many 
 made their fortunes, but none fo largely as Mr.Dupleix, 
 a fortune, by all accounts, not to be equalled at that 
 rirne, by any fubjecl in Europe. 
 
 To perpetuate the memory of this famous vidory, 
 which the French had boafted of as fuperior to any 
 thing of the kind recorded in hiflory, Mr. Dupleix, 
 near the place where the maflacre was committed, 
 caufed a town to be built, called Dupleix * Fateabat, 
 and to record the fhare the French had in it, a pillar 
 now lies at Pondichery, defigned to be ereded in the 
 market place, with a pompous Latin infcription, giv- 
 ing an account of the engagement, and the French 
 valour. Unluckily future ages will not be the wifer 
 for it ; for captain Clive, a year after, in retaking 
 the Arcot country, burnt the town, and deftroyed the 
 monument on which the Pillar was to have been 
 ereded.. 
 
 The vidcrious army returned to Pondichery in Ja 
 fiuary 1 75 1 , with a moft fumptuous train of the princes 
 of the Deckan, and divided the fpoil. Muzapherzing 
 declared Chunda Saib Nabob of Arcot, and all its de- 
 pendencies, and alTociated Mr. Dupleix in the go- 
 vernment v/ith him.felf On this Mr. Dupleix adum- 
 ed the ftate and formalities of an eaftern prince. He 
 held his Durbar 'in the palace at Pondichery, and fuf- 
 lered neither the natives, nor his own countrymen to 
 approach him without a prefent after the eaftern man- 
 ner, he mounted his elephant, and was proclaimed 
 Nabob. Mahomed Allee Cawn efcaping with the 
 utmoft difficulty, and without attendants, made the 
 beft of his way to Trichinopoly, notwithftanding the 
 great fearch made to feize his perfon. 
 
 It was agreed at Pondichery, that Chunda Saib 
 Ihould raife an army, and aflifted by. the French,, 
 endeavour to make good his appointment to the go- 
 D 3 vernment 
 
 * The place of viflory. 
 
54 NARR ATI V E OF THE W AR 175? 
 
 vernment of Arcot under Mr. Diipleix : that Muza* 
 pherzing lliould march with the late Nazirzing's 
 army to Aurengabad, the uliial refidence of the prin- 
 pes of the Deckan ; accompanied by Mr. BuiTy, at 
 the head of 600 French, 3000 fepoys, and a large 
 train of artillery. They began their march the be- 
 ginning of 1751, and on the road the two Nabobs 
 of Cadapah and Condanore, jealous of Muzapher- 
 zing and the power of the French, and not think- 
 ing themfelves fiifficienily rewarded, upon various 
 pretexts fomented a quarrel, till at length they pro- 
 ceeded to farther outrages, which produced an en- 
 gagement. The Patans advanced to attack the 
 French, but were unable to ftand the cannonade. 
 After they were obliged to retire, they fell upon Mur 
 zapherzing's flank, routed his troops, and in fome 
 meafure revenged Nazirzing, in the death of his ne-r 
 phew, the chief of the confpirators. A great many 
 of the Patans were killed, and arnong the reft the 
 Nabob of Condanore. 
 
 The n=xt day, the chiefs of the army proclaimed 
 Sallabatzing, brother to Nazirzing viceroy of th^ 
 Deckan, thoi]gh there was a ftrong party for the fon 
 of Muzapherzing. At this time the troubles at the 
 court of Delly, prevented the Mogul from fetding; 
 the affairs of the Deckan ; he only made an ap- 
 pointment of Gawzedy Cawn to the government, and 
 refolved to fu pport him with an army, when the ftate 
 of his affairs would permit. The new prince * fent 
 Saneds to Mahomed Allee Cawn in the month of 
 March, confirming him Nabob of Arcot. 
 
 Upon the death of Nazirzing, captain Cope was 
 again fent in January 1751, with a flrong detachment, 
 to fuppo'rt the Nabob in Trichinopoly, after an offer 
 made to Chunda Saib and his allies, of the quiet pof^ 
 felhon of the whole province, except that fort and 
 its dependencies. 
 
 Chunda 
 
 ^ Saneds are ccmn-iiflipns or grants for particular countries. 
 
I75I. ON THE COAST OF COROMANDEL. 55 
 
 Chunda Saib and the French treated this propofal 
 with the higheft contempt, and immediately raifed 
 troops and took the field. We colledted about five 
 hundred men from all our garrifons, and fent them 
 under the command of captain De Gingins to obferve 
 their motions, who finding their intentions were for 
 Trichinopoly, moved that way alfo ; and at the fame 
 time, a party from that garrifon, of about j 10 men, 
 marched to meet captain De Gingins, followed by 
 what troops the Nabob could raife, commanded by 
 his brother Abdiel Vahob Cawn. The firfl party 
 met captain De Gingins at Verdachilum, and from 
 thence the army moved in conjundion to Volconda, 
 where they were alfo joined by the Nabob's forces, 
 amounting in the whole to about 2000 horfe, 3000 
 fepoys and 600 Europeans, 
 
 Volconda is a confiderable town about 45 miles 
 from Trichinopoly, in the road to Arcot. The go- 
 vernor at firft feemjng in our intereft, amufed us for 
 two days, with promifes to deliver up the fort ; but 
 foon after Chunda Saib and the French appearing, 
 he threw off the mafk, and declared againft us. The 
 next night we attacked the fort without fuccefs, and 
 the army, after fome lofs, was obliged to retreat to 
 Outatour, 1 7 miles from Trichinopoly. 
 
 The enemy's army, ccnfifting of about 6000 horfe, 
 4000 fepoys, and 600 Europeans, followed our army 
 to Outatour, and encouraged by the fuccels of an am- 
 bufcade, in which fome of our men fell, by following 
 too clofely a party of Chunda Saib's horfe, they at- 
 tacked our camp, but were repulfed : however, not 
 thinking our po/l tenable, fhould the enemy repeat 
 their attack, we retreated to the banks of the Cole- 
 roon, facing Trichinopoly. Chunda Saib's army in- 
 creafing daily, our people thought themfelves obliged 
 lalfo to quit that poft, and to crofs the river to the 
 ifland oppofite Trichinopoly. The enemy ftill fol- 
 Jowing, we abandoned that poft, and palling the 
 
 D 4 river 
 
56 N ARR ATI VE OF THE W AR 1751. 
 
 liver Cauvery the 17th of July» we encamped under 
 the walls of Trichinopoly. 
 
 Chunda Saib and the French immediately took pof- 
 fellioii of our poll, and raifed fome batteries againft 
 the town, from acrofs the river j but finding the dif- 
 tance too great, even for a fhot at almolt its greateft 
 range, they left a party to fecure Seringam Pagodas 
 and croliing the river, encamped on the plain on the 
 eaft iide or the town, at the French Rock, and there 
 contented themfelves with cannonading and throwing 
 in fome fhells. 
 
 1 he Nabob beginning then to be in want of men 
 and money, applied to the King of Maillbre, who 
 fupplicd him indeed with both, but in fmall parties, 
 and fmaller fams at a time, the com.mon way of do- 
 ing bufmefs in this country. 'Thus remained af- 
 fairs at Trichinopoly, the enemy contenting them- 
 f.lves v,'ith a ufelels cannonade, which however they 
 adorned with all the terms of the moft regular fiege ; 
 and we waiting for our promifed reinforcement, en- 
 camped under the walls of the fort, to keep our com- 
 munication as open as poiTible. 
 
 The French bringing almoft their whole force into 
 the field with Chunda Saib, and leaving Arcot but 
 poorly dbfended. a fcheme was laid to reduce part of 
 that country to the Nabob's obedience. Captain 
 Clive comm.anded the party. This expedition was 
 attended v/ith uncommon fuccefs, which fome people 
 were pleafed to term fortunate, and lucky i but, in 
 niy opinion, from the knowledge 1 have of the gen- 
 tleman, he deierved, and might expe(!:1 from his con- 
 dud every thing as it fell out. A man of an undaunt- 
 ed refolution, of a cool temper, and a prefence of 
 mind, which never left hjm in the greateft danger. 
 Born a foldier,for without^ military education of any 
 fort, or much converfing with any of the profeffion, 
 from his judgment and good fenfe, he led an army 
 like an experienced officer, and a brave foldier,- with 
 a prudence that certainly warranted fuccefs. This 
 
 young 
 
I75I. ON THE COAST OF COROM ANDEL. -7 
 
 young man's early genius furprifed and engaged my 
 attention, as well before as at the fiege of Davecottah, 
 where he behaved with courage and judgment, much 
 beyond what could be expeded from his years, and 
 his fucceis afterwards confirmed what I had faid to 
 many people concerning him. 
 
 Captain Clive, in the month of Auguft, having 
 joined a detachment of our army at Trichmopoly, was 
 loon recalled for the intended expedition ; and being 
 arrived at Madrafs, he marched with 300 Europeans, 
 and about 500 fepoys. His officers were chiefly 
 Writers, or other fervants of the company, never 
 before employed in a military capacity ; and yet, v/ith 
 this force, he furprifed and took Arcot, the capital of 
 the province, on the lirft of September. The French 
 truly fenfible of this difgrace, and knowing the impor- 
 tance of the place, concerted meafures to retake it, 
 and collected all the men they could fpare under Raja 
 Saib, fon to Chunda Saib, who, with a large detach- 
 ment from his father's army, marched and invefted 
 Arcot the twenty third of September. During the 
 fiege, which lafted two months, they difmounted two 
 eighteeii-pounders, upon which Mr. Clive, wrote the 
 governor of Madrals word that he was m.ounting the 
 laft eighteen-pounder he had left, but that he had flill 
 three months provifions, and thought himfelf able to 
 defend a breach whenever the enemy fhould make 
 an affault. A party was detached from the army at 
 Trichinopoly to fupport him., on notice of whofe ap- 
 proach, the enemy refolved to make their laft effort ; 
 they attacked the breach, and the fort in three diffe- 
 rent places; at every attack they were beat off v/ith 
 confiderable lofs, and captain Clive taking advantage 
 of their confufion fallied out, and following the blow, 
 took all their cannon, levelled their trenches, and re- 
 turned to the fort. 
 
 The party by this time came up, as alfo a detach- 
 ment of Maratta's commanded by Budgerow a bro- 
 ther of Morarow, which enabled captain Clive to 
 
 take 
 
5S N A R R A T I V E OF THE W A R 1751. 
 
 take the field He marched out of Arcot in fearch 
 of the French and Chunda's Saib's fon, nev^er giving 
 them time to reft, but p/urfuing his good fortune, he 
 took the forts of Timery, Cauvery-pauk, Aranie and 
 Conjeveram, and compleated it by a total defeat of 
 the enemy at Cauvery-pauk in the month of March 
 1752. Their army was entirely deflroyed. and Raja 
 Saib obliged to take rtielter in Pondichery, where M, 
 Dupleix refufed to fee him. By this vidory, a large 
 part of the Arcot country was recovered for the 
 Nabob. 
 
 Before we enter on the affairs of Trichinopoly 
 the chief fcene of our military operations, it will be 
 requifite that the reader fhould be well informed of 
 the fmgular circumftances of the Plain in which it is 
 fituated. By comparing the following defcription with 
 the accurate map annexe; the importance of the pofls 
 and other objeds contended for, will be readily con- 
 ceived and underftoocj. 
 
 Trichinopoly is fituated on a plain which once was 
 crowded with rich villages and plantations of trees, 
 but fince the war, hardly a trace of either is left. 
 The towi is in form of an obfong fquare, the longeft 
 fides of which are Eaft and Weft. On the North 
 runs 'the river Cauvery, lefs than half ^-mile from 
 the fort. The town was formerly no more than a 
 wall round the foot of a rock, in circumference a- 
 bout twelve hundred yards. As the inhabitants in- 
 creafed, the town was augmented to half of the pre- 
 fent oblong, with a crofs wall, the traces of which flill 
 remain ; the third augmentation was made to the 
 fouthward, and inclofes the town as it now flands. 
 It is at prefent near four miles in circumference, with 
 a double enceinte of walls with round towers at 
 equal diflances according to the Eaflern method of 
 fortifying. The ditch is near thirty feet wide but 
 not half fo deep ; and at different feafons it is more 
 or lefs fupplied with water, but never quite dry. 
 The outward wall is built of a grayilh Hone, eacji 
 
 ftoriQ 
 
I75T- ON <rHE COAST OF COROM ANDEL. 59 
 
 {lone from four to five feet long and all laid endr 
 ways. It is about eighteen feet high, and four or 
 five thick, without parapet or rampe, nothing but a 
 fingle ftru-^ure of Hone, and is very properly called a 
 v/all : the other is more properly a rampart. The 
 diftance betwen them is about twenty-five feet, the 
 height of the rampart thirty. The rampe is equal in 
 thicknefs at bottom with the height 
 1 I of the rampart, 30 feet, decreafing 
 I I in thicknefs like the profile in the 
 j j margin. The terreplein of the pa- 
 
 rapet is about ten feet, and the pa- 
 rapet is for the mofl: part, feven or 
 eight feet high, covering the men 
 ( j entirelvj with loop-holes to fire 
 
 thorough. Some baf"ions have been 
 conftru6led by us, as regular and good, as the ground 
 would admit of, built on the foundations of the round 
 towers. They are moftly on the angles of the fquare 
 and on the Weft face, about the middle of the curtain 
 called Dalton's battery, even with the outward wall. 
 The town is very well fupply'd from the river, by 
 water courfes which dired the water into large fquare 
 ponds or tanks that have communication by aqueduds. 
 A moft extraordinary rock ftands in the middle of 
 the old town, and is about 30Q feet high -, on the 
 top of it is a pagoda which was of fmgular ufe 
 to us the whole war ; its height commanding even 
 as far as Tanjore which is forty miles. Here was 
 conftantly ftationed a man with a telefcope who gave 
 US by fignals and writing an account of all the 
 enemy's motions. The buildings on this rock and 
 thofe which are cut out on the fides of it are very fur* 
 prifing works in a country where they have fo few 
 tools to facilitate their labour. 
 
 The foil on the Eaft and Weft fides for two 
 miles round, and on the North fide as far as the river 
 is rich and good, but does not run deep. After dig- 
 ging a foot or two you find it rockey, £|nd to the 
 
 fouth 
 
6o N ARR ATI VE OF TH^ W AR 1751. 
 
 fouth face, there is (o little mould that it will not admit 
 of cultivation •, but every other part, in time of peace, 
 J)roduces rice in great plenty. The plain runs in 
 length from eaft to well about 19 miles; from the 
 boundaries of the Tanjore kingdom, to the head of 
 the ifland wefterly. its bread;h is unequal, from 7 
 to 12 miles On the north it is bounded by the river 
 Cauvery, and on the fouth by Tondeman's woods. 
 
 The different rocks, v/hofe fituation and diflance 
 are defcribed on the map, afford very good polls for 
 an army, either as advanced ones, or to cover a Bank. 
 The plain, though feemingly level, is full of hollow 
 ways, fufficient to cbnceal or cover troops ; and gives 
 a perfon who is thoroughly acquainted with the ground, 
 great advantages. Water is always to be had on tiie 
 plain, by fmking wells, and in fome places it is col- 
 le(!:ted in batons, either formed by nature or art. This 
 element is fo great and ufc^ful a blcfiing in this coun- 
 tr)', that no pains are ipared in faving and keeping all 
 that falls. However, the water on the plain is very 
 unwholefome, as (landing v/aters generally are ; be- 
 fides, it is fo impregnated with faltpttre, with which 
 the earth abounds, that in fome places it is toobrack- 
 ifh to be drank, and mofl commonly occafions 
 bilious diforders. 
 
 The ifland of Seringam is formed about 6 miles 
 north-weft of Tricbinopoly, by the river Cauvery, 
 Uhich divides itfelf into two branches. That to the 
 northward takes die name of the Coleroon, that to 
 the fouthward preferves its old name the Cauvery. 
 Each of thefe ri\ ers, after a courfe of about 90 miles, 
 empty themfelves into the fea. The Coleroon at 
 Davecotah, the »^auvery near Tranquebar, at about 
 20 miles diftance from each other. 
 
 This ifland 15 miles eaft of Tricbinopoly, is fo 
 narrov/, that both the rivers would rejoin in the fanie 
 channel, were they not prevented by a high bank, 
 which keeps them afunder. This bank was made at 
 a great expence, and is conftantly kept in repair by 
 
 the 
 
1751. ON THE COAST OF C O R O M A N D E L. 6i 
 
 the kinos of Tanjore. The ufe of it is to direct the 
 courfe of the river Cauvery through that kingdom, 
 by the means of water courfes and canals, which dif* 
 tribute it into proper channels all over the country, 
 and are the (cDurce of riches and fertility. The liver, 
 by its natural courfe, waters the north fide of the 
 kingdom, and by a large channel which they have 
 made near the bank, the fouthern fide receives alfo a 
 fufiicient quantity of that ufeful element, without 
 which, in this part of the world there can be no ferti- 
 lity. 
 
 The bank is about feven feet v/ide at top -, it rifes 
 from the foundation with a Hope on each fide. This 
 bank is as ftrong as wood, ftone, earth, and flraw 
 can make it, and fufHcient to fjpport, and confine 
 the currents on each fide. Its height from the com- 
 mon level of the water is near 20 feet, to which the 
 river can never rife •, (o that there is no danger ot an 
 innundation. It is about a mile in length ; afterwards 
 the land naturally widening, there need no niore pre- 
 cautions to prevent the rivers from joining. A number 
 of people are confiantly employed, to lee that the 
 water makes no encroachments, and if it does, to ap- 
 ply a remedy immediately. The repairs each vear 
 are paid by a general tax on the country, which 
 amounts to about 20000 pounds annually. The 
 bank forms on the ifland, what I have called, in my 
 narrative, the Pafs ; and by its pohtion and lituation 
 it will appear how capable it is of defence, with a 
 fmall number of men, even againfh an army. Above 
 a mile diftant from it, to the eaft, was a fort called 
 Koiladdy, which being built for the prefervation of 
 the bank, was deflroyed by the enemy, about the 
 time vy-e laft marched to 1 anjore. The enemy had 
 often threatened to cut the bank if the king would 
 not comply with their meafures ; at lafh they carried 
 their threats into execution in the year 1 754 ; but 
 luckily at a feafon when it was lead detrimental, for 
 in three months, with our afliltance, it was repaired. 
 
 However 
 
Si N AR R AT I V E OF THE WAR 1751. 
 
 However the damage in that little fpaceof time, and 
 the coft of repairing it, amounted to fifty thoufand 
 pounds j from whence may be ften how eafily the 
 m afters of that bank may give law to the king of 
 Tanjore ; and how much it is his interefl to be 3, 
 friend to the Nabob of Trichinopoly, to vvhom he is 
 obliged to pay tribute for the bank, three lack of 
 rupees yearly. In this ifland, facing Trichinopoly, 
 ftand the famoiiS Pagodas of Seringam ; fortie oth "rs, 
 but not fo remarkable, called Jembikifhna, are at 
 half a mile diftance to the eaft. Seringam is little 
 more than a mile diftant from Trichinopoly. The, 
 Pagodas are furrounded by feven fquare walls of 
 flone ; each wall has a gateway in the middle of each 
 fide of the fquare, pointing to one of the four cardi- 
 nal points. The gateways are ornamented in the 
 manner of that country, wrth crouded emblematical 
 figures of their divinities. The principal gateway in 
 the outward wall, which faces Trichinopoly, is si 
 curious piece of arehitedture, though yet unfinifhed.- 
 It is formed by pillars 32 ^cet high in the lliaft, with 
 capitals. Four of thefe pillars are of one fhone each, 
 but the largefl flones are thofe which are laid acrofs 
 the top of the gateway ; they meafttrc ^^ feet long, 
 and five and an half one way, and four feet ten inches 
 the other. The fpace between the outward and fe- 
 cond walls meafures 310 feet,- and fo proportionably 
 between the reft. No Europeans are admitted into 
 the laft fquare, it being the Sandum Sandorum, and 
 few have gone farther than the third. 
 
 Seringam was the pod occupied by the enemy all 
 the war ; once indeed they fuffered by' taking fhelter 
 there, but that was owing to our having the Marattas 
 on our fide, and a fufficient number of troops to cut 
 off their communication, and for want of provifions, 
 obliging them to furrender. We never fmce had the 
 fortune to be equal to them, much lefs fuperior, and 
 by that meaps it has proved a fure refuge to them oii 
 many occafions, and we have never had it in our 
 
 power 
 
1751. ON THE COAST OF COROMANDEL. 6J 
 
 power to difpoflefs them, fince the Maifforeans took 
 poflelfion, in confequence of their agreement with 
 the Nabob. It is an excellent poll for an army that 
 can keep their communication open. The ground 
 about it is fo full of difficulties, by hollow ways, and 
 water courfes, that a befieging army muft run the 
 hazard of lofing a great many men before they can 
 carry their point. Jembikifhna has but a fingle 
 enciente of wall, and nothing remarkable but its 
 magnitude and vicinity to Seringam. 
 
 Adjoining to Trichinopoly is the kingdom of Tan- 
 jore, bounded on the north by the Coleroon, on the 
 eafl by the fea, on the fouth by two countries which 
 belong to two powerful Poligars, the one called Mar- 
 ravar, the other Tondeman, and on the weft by 
 Trichinopoly. The boundaries commence at 14 
 miles diftance from the fort laft mentioned. Near 
 the mouth of the Coleroon, we have a fort called Da^ 
 vecotah, which once belonged to the kmgdom of 
 Tanjore, but was taken by us while I commanded in 
 the year 1749. The polTeffion of this has enabled us 
 to fupport the Nabob and king of Tanjore, who is 
 well pleafed with its being in our hands, and has 
 therefore granted it to the company, with fome terri- 
 tory annexed. The next fettlement on the coaft, 
 given alfo by the king of Tanjore, belongs to the 
 Danes, and is called Tranquebar. Next to that, the 
 French have one called Carrical ; and to the fouth- 
 ward of it the Datch have another, called Negapa- 
 tam. Thirty miles from thence is a place called 
 Adriapatam, which finifhes the territories of the king 
 of Tanjore along the fea coaft. The diftance of the 
 fir ft, Davecotah, from the laft is about 90 miles^ 
 which is the broadeft part of his kingdom. It de- 
 creafeth by degrees in breadth, and near Trichinopoly 
 is 30 or at moft 40 miles wide. Its length from the 
 weft to the lea is about 100 miles. The revenues of 
 this fmall kingdom, well managed, may produce 
 near a million yearly. The king was a friend to us 
 
 and 
 
54 N ARR ATI VE OF THE WAR 1752. 
 
 and the Nabob the whole war •, that is, he found it 
 his interelT: to be fo, becaufe he knew well the French 
 and Maiflbreans wanted nothing iefs ilian his country, 
 and we found it much our intercfl to keep him 
 our friend, tlis country was the only communicati- 
 on we had left with the coaflj for fmce the Maifib- 
 reans and Marattas had joined the French, they were 
 mailers on the north lide of the Coleroon. What 
 confirmed him the more in our intereil, was the juft 
 fear he had, that if the Maiflbreans were once mailers 
 of Trichinopoly, they would willingly extend their 
 dominions to the fea, and his kingdom was too eafy 
 and beneficial a conqueft to remain long unattempt- 
 ed : befides, he hated the French fince their fetting up 
 Chunda Saib, and laying fiege to his capital. 
 
 At Trichinopoly we were in daily expedlation of 
 the king of MaifTore's troops, who marched out of 
 Seringapatam, the capital of the MaifTore kingdom, 
 to a place called Carroor, about 50 miles from Tri- 
 chinopoly. The king of MaifTore, befides his own 
 proper forces, had aUo engaged Morarow and his Ma- 
 rattas to come to our alfillance. Twelve hundred of 
 thefe joined us in November, and another party, as I 
 have already faid, were with captain Clive in the 
 Arcot province. The Nabob's brother and a party 
 of Europeans marched to haflen thejundion of the 
 Maiilbreans. Thus ended the year 1751. 
 
 In January we were joined by another party of 
 Marattas, and 4000 MaifTore horfe, befides 3000 irre- 
 gular troops called * Colleries, who live on plunder, 
 and are notorious thieves, particularly for ftealing of 
 horfes, in the practice of which they are both daring 
 and expert. They creep along the woods with a 
 fpear, 18 or 20 feet long, trailing on the ground, 
 which they manage on occadon with great dexterity. 
 
 They 
 
 * The Colleries are Inhabitants of the wooJs, under the go- 
 vernment of the Polygars, another name for theGentou governors. 
 The greaieft in power are the Rajahs,, the leaft the Polygars. 
 
1752. ON THE Coast OF COROMANDEL. 65 
 
 They are troublelbme in the field by giving frequent 
 alarms, and in their woody country it is dangerous to 
 attack them. 
 
 The Maiffore general (commonly called the Dola- 
 way- * Nanderauze, had not yet joined us with the 
 remainder of the army. The enemy had fent a par- 
 ty on his road, who took poll in a village, by which 
 he was obliged to pafs. We fent another party to 
 diOodge them, commanded by captain Cope. Our 
 firft Attack was unfiiccefsful, pardy owing to captain 
 Cope being mortally wounded in the beginning of the 
 engagement, and our having been mifinformcd as to 
 the enemy's ftrength and number. However, the 
 party being reinforced, we carried our point. Nan- 
 derauze and Morarow, with about 2000 horfe, 
 joined us the 26th of the month, and our party re- 
 turned the 2 8th"with the reft of the army. 
 
 The king of Tanjore after many folicitations, (ent 
 alfo his troops, under the command of his general 
 Monagee j and Tondeman came likewife in to our 
 afllliance. 
 
 In this fituation were affairs when I landed from 
 England the 15th of March •, captain Clive was then 
 jull ready wi^j a party to march to Frichinopoly. 
 On the i7tn I joined him, and took the command. 
 The party confifted of 400 Europeans, and 1 1 oo 
 • fepoys. 
 
 The fituation of our affairs made it highly requifite 
 to haften the march with all expedition ; fatal fpirit of 
 divifion having unhappily crept in amongll our officers, 
 fo that many opportunities and advantages were loft, 
 v/hich gave the country alliance but an indifferent 
 opinion of our condu(ft. 
 
 On the 27th of the fame month, being arrived 
 within 18 miles of Trichinopoly, I was met by the 
 
 E command- 
 
 * The king of MaifToie was a minor ; the kingdom was then 
 governed for him by his two uncles, the one, calied Nanderauze, 
 com.Tianded the army, the other ruled in the cabinet. 
 
66 N A R R A T I V E OF the W A R 1752. 
 
 commanding officer of artillery, who brought me in- 
 telligence, that the enemy had pofled a ftrong party 
 at Koyladdy, within cannot- (hot of the road 1 was to 
 pais the next day. 
 
 In order to join the army as foon as poffible, I dis- 
 patched my guides to find out another road, Judging 
 it of confee^ucnce to avoid the enemy's poft, efpccially 
 as J had a very large quantity of aitimunition and ftores, 
 part of which I laid up in Tricatapolly, a fort be- 
 long'ng to the king of Tanjore, that it might not re- 
 tard my march the next day. 
 
 By fome miftake of my guide, we were led withiq 
 reach of the very poft I wanted to avoid. To 
 draw off" the fire of their battery from my party, I 
 ordered feme guns from my rear divifion to anfwer 
 theirs, and leaving a guard to fupport them, the main 
 body were diredted to move on flowly, inclining to 
 the left, which, with a fmall lofs, brought us out of 
 reach of their guns : upon which we halted till the 
 party and guns came up. We then continued our 
 march without interruption, and incamped that night 
 within ten miles of Trichinopoly. 
 
 The next morning we were joined on our march 
 by the troops, and about 200 foldiers, commanded 
 by the captains Clarke and Dalton, within four miles 
 of Trichinopoly. Captain De Gingins lent his adju- 
 tant to inform me, that the whole of the enemy was 
 in motion towards me. Their right was at their in- 
 campment of Chucklepollam, a village on the banks 
 of the river Cauvery, and facing the pafs : Their left 
 extended almofl to the French Rock, a ftrong poft in 
 their poiTellion. Their cavalry was on the left of 
 their infantry, extending all the way to Elmiferam, 
 another very ftrong poft on an inaccelTible rock, on 
 which they had mounted fome large cannon. As I 
 had no intention to engage, till my entire jundion 
 was made, and till I had lodged my ftores in the fort, 
 I marched round Elmiferam, purpofing to come in by 
 the Sugar-loaf Rock. Our baggage on the left flank 
 
 was 
 
1752- ON THE COAST OF COROAiANDEL. 67 
 
 was fecured by the march of the army, which kept 
 moving, ready to form, with their front to the 
 enemy. 
 
 The enemy advanced and began to cannonade. 
 We immediately halted behind a large bank, which 
 covered our party from their guns, bur which was 
 cafily got over, if they Ihould advance and appear 
 determined to attack. 
 
 The artillery was pofted on the top of the bank, 
 which was high and commanded all round. Their 
 cavalry came on near enough (or grape-fhot to do ex- 
 ecution. They ftood for fome time, till Allum Cawn, 
 the ot^cer who commanded them, was killed, and 
 above 200 more ; on which they retreated. I'he reft 
 of the army chofe to follow their example ; the 
 French bringing up their rear, moved back to their 
 camp, atid left us to finifli our march to Trichino- 
 poly! 
 
 I waited the next day on the Nabob, the Maiflbre 
 general, and the reft of the alliance, in order to fettle 
 the plan of operations for the enfuing campaign *. 
 There it was agreed to attack the enemy in their 
 camp ; and in cafe they chofe rather to retreat to the 
 ifland than ftand an engagement, to take fuch mea- 
 fures as entirely to cut off their communication with 
 the country ; which we effeCled foon after, and obli- 
 ged them to furrender for want of provifions. 
 
 Ready and refolute as thefe country people appear 
 in councils, they are ever dilatory and flow in execu- 
 tion, fuperftitioully ti?d down to f.:fl;s and feafts, 
 lucky and unlucky days : nothing fpurs them on to 
 adt, till thofe ridiculous cuftoms are complied with, 
 which feldom happens before the opportunity is loft. 
 Thus three or four days were thrown away in thele 
 ,. E 2 trifling 
 
 * The army confided of ! 200 Europeans, and TopafTes in bat- 
 talion ;,fepoy3 in our pay 2000. The Nabob's Maiflbre Marrar- 
 tas and Tanjore forces above 1500 horfe. Their infantry of al! 
 forts 10,000, 
 
68 N ARR ATI VE or THE WAR 1752. 
 
 trifling delays; and the enemy apprifed of our de- 
 llgn, prudently as we then thought, deternnined to 
 retreat to the ifland for their greater fecurity, burning 
 and deftroying a large magazine of provifions, inten- 
 ded for the fiege of Trichinopoly. By this fudden 
 and unexpected retreat, we had a morecompleat vido- 
 rv, vvhich made lome amends for what 1 before was" 
 concerned at, the not having it in my power, to at- 
 tack them as we propofed. 
 
 This retreat to the ifland was on the 3d of April. 
 The army under Mr. Law corififted of 600 Euro- 
 peans, Topalies, and Coffrees, 1 800 French fepoys, 
 and about 15,000 black cavalry and infantry; Mr. 
 Dupleix's account fiys 20,000 in all. 
 
 VVe now endeavoured to cut off their fupplies, 
 which they mol'dy received from the other fide of 
 the Coleroon, their communication being open that way 
 quite to Pondichery. Promihng myfelf great fucceis 
 from the activity and vigilance of captain Give, I de- 
 tached him with 400 of my befl Europeans, 1200 
 lepoys, and 4000 horfe, to take poft on the other 
 fide. He crolled the two rivers, about fcvcn miles 
 below Srringam, at a pafs near Dolaways Choultry. 
 
 I alio fent captain Dalton to take the pofl of El- 
 miferam where the enemy had cannon. 1 he place 
 furrendred after a faint refinance. Captain Clive 
 having acquainted me that he had taken poft at a 
 village and a Pagoda, called Samiaveram, about ten 
 miles from Seringam, and on the high road to Arcoi 
 and Pondichery, through which their convoys muft 
 pafs, I paid him a vifit the 8th of April, after Elmi- 
 leram was reduced, to concert what further meafures 
 were proper to be purfiied. We agreed that he 
 Ihould make an attack on Pitchunda, a place which 
 they had fortified, fuuated on the bank of che Cole- 
 roon, oppofite to Seringam, and commanding the 
 pafs of that river. But it was firft neceffary to ftorm 
 1 .algoody, a mud f )rt, where the enemy had a large 
 nagazine of grain, and this captain Clive executed 
 
 three 
 
175^. ON THE COAST OF C O R O M A N D E L. 6g 
 
 three days after, while the necefTary difpofitions were 
 making for the liege of Pitchunda. Having received 
 intelligence that a party of the enemy were at Outa- 
 toor, 15 miles from Samiaveram, with a large convoy 
 of ftores, captain Clive marched the ipth of April to 
 intercept them, leaving only a fmall party to fecure 
 his poft till his return. The French being advifed of 
 his march, thought fo good an opportunity of re- 
 taking a poll of that confequence ought not to be ne- 
 gleded. They therefore formed a detachment from 
 their army, who had orders to march after dark, that 
 their attack might be made at day-light, on the party 
 which were left in the Pagoda. 
 
 On captain Clive's arrival at Outatoor, he found 
 no enemy nor convoy, and fufpediing the report to 
 have been a fineffe of the enemy, in order to draw 
 him from Samiaveram, he reiblved, after refrefhing 
 his people, to return immediately to his former poft. 
 He arrived near the Pagjoda about eleven at nitrht, 
 his men, fatigued with fo long a march, went to reft, 
 and captain Clive retired to his pallankeen *. - 
 
 The French, ignorant of captain Clive's return, 
 began their march in the night from their army, and 
 arrived about four in the morning at Semiaveram, 
 where they found every thing as quiet as they could 
 wifh : their guides led them diredly to the Pngoda. 
 On their approach, the i6th of April, the party left 
 there in the morning challenged, and were anfwered 
 Friends, by (bme deferters from us. This contented 
 our people, who imagining them fome of captain 
 Clive's returning party, were not convinced of their 
 miftake till the fepoys began to fire. 
 
 E 3 Captain 
 
 * A pallankeen is a bed fupported by a wooden or ivory frame, 
 of fix feet long, and near three feet broad, fattened at each end 
 with crofs fticks to a bamboo arched in the middle, i ; feet long 
 which forms an arch over the palankeen orbed, and iscoveietl wiiii 
 a canopy of cloth lined with lilk, and ftilfened with ribs of the co- 
 conut tree. 
 
70 N AR R A T I VE OF THE WAR 175a. 
 
 Captain Clive awaked, and alarmed at the firing, 
 ran immediately towards it, by which means he join- 
 ed the French fepoys, who were pufhing into the 
 Pagoda, and imagining them his own troops, who 
 endeavoured to icreen themfelves from an attack, be- 
 gan to reprimand them in the country language, 
 angrily demanding, what they were firing at. The 
 fepoys in this confulion paid little regard to him, till 
 one of their officers fufpeding him to be an Englifh- 
 man, drew his fword and cut at him, which he par- 
 ried, by advancing forwards and receiving the blow 
 from near the hilt ; another officer of our fepoys acci- 
 dentally coming to his afliftance, cut the fellow down, 
 and difengaged captain Clive, who by this time per- 
 ceiving his mifhake, and by great good fortune getting 
 out of their hands, went in fearch of his detachment, 
 which he found under arms ; but in the mean while 
 his own party in the Pagoda was dillodged, and the 
 French were in pofleflion of the poft. 
 
 He therefore inftantly formed his detachment, and 
 marched to the Pagoda, and finding the enemy in 
 pofTeflion, he immediately ordered the gate to be 
 ftorm>ed. The officer who attempted it was received 
 by a platoon of the enemy, who killed him on the 
 fpot, and many of his people. 
 
 On this it was thought neceflary that our cannon 
 fliould be fent for, and a fummons was made to the 
 French commanding officer, fignifying, that as it was 
 impolTible to efcape, it was mofl prudent for him to 
 furrender. The French officer bravely endeavoured 
 to dileng<?ge himfelf, by iallying out of the Pagoda -, 
 but being killed in the attempt, with fome of his 
 foremoil people, the reft furrendered at difcretion. 
 The French fepoys without the Pagoda feeing it fur- 
 rendered, endeavoured to Ileal off; but the day be- 
 ginning to dawn, they were perceived and purliied 
 by the Maratta cavalry, who riding in amongft them, 
 inhumanly cut them all to pieces. 
 
 Monagee 
 
1752. ON THE COAST OF COROMANDEL. 71 
 
 Monagee with the Tanjore troops undertook to re- 
 take Koiladdy. He fucceeded April 21ft, and the 
 Nabob gave the king of Tanjore a grant of it, as it 
 guarded the bank, which conveyed the river Can very 
 into his country. 
 
 As nothing now remained to obftrudt our defigns 
 on Pitchunda, I took poft on the ifland to cover the 
 cannon and ammunition necefTary for the attack of it. 
 The garrifon confifted of 72 Europeans, 49 * Topaf- 
 fes, and fome fepoys ; and an the defences were 
 mounted three pieces of cannon and two mortars. 
 
 Receiving intelligence that the enemy had a party 
 at Outatoor, I fent captain Dalton with 150 Euro- 
 peans, 400 fepoys, and 1000 horfe todiflodge them ; 
 he came up and had fome fkirmifhes with them, but 
 expecting to renew the fight the next day, the 2d of 
 May, he found the place abandoned. 
 
 Monf. D'Auteuil and his party marched off in the 
 night, left the greateft part of their convoy of ftores, 
 with which captain Dalton returned to captain Clive, 
 who by this time had laid fit-ge to Pitchunda. I 
 therefore ordered him to continue with Mr. Clive j 
 and a battery being opened on the 8th, on the loth 
 the garrifon furrendered prifoners of war, and were 
 fent to the Nabob at Trichinopoly. Thus their com- 
 munication was entirely cut off from the other fide 
 the Coleroon, Monagee having taken Koiladdy, I 
 detatched our Coffrees 'V with two guns, to fecure the 
 pafs on the ifland, who threw up an intrenchment, 
 which might alone have defended them againft the 
 whole body of the enemy's army ; fo inaccellible is 
 
 E 4 is 
 
 * Topaffes are the defcendants of the Portuguese who firft fet- 
 tled in India, and married with the natives. They differ 'very 
 little in colour from the Indians themfelves. They have the 
 name of Topafles given them from their wearing hats. 
 
 •f- Coffrees (by the French called Cafres) is now become the eene- 
 ral name for all negroes who are brotight to India from the Cape, 
 thecoaltof Guinea, or any other parts of Africa, and chiefly from 
 Madagafcar. They are brave and fteady in the field. 
 
72 NARRATIVE OF THE WAR 1752. 
 
 this pafs, any where but. in front, and there it does 
 not admit of more than two men abreaft. 1 then en- 
 camped at Chuckleypollam, facing the pa{s of the 
 Cauvery, 
 
 The Maiflbreans and Marattaa on our right exten- 
 ded to Warriore Pagodas, and from thence a chain of 
 cavalry to the extremity of the ifland, to prevent any 
 fupplies flipf)ing through, Monagee and the Tanjore 
 troops on our left, the main body at Dolaways Choul- 
 try, to defend that fj'afs between them and us, all 
 Tondeman's and the other Polygar's Colleries. Such 
 was our fituation. The enemy who encamped till 
 then on the ifland, flruck their tents the ibth of 
 May, and took fhelter under cover of the walls of 
 Seringham, giving out that they would receive us 
 there. To diftrei's tliem the more, we pafTed the 
 Cauvery to the ifland, and encamped on the eaft fide 
 of Jembikiflina, where fome days after we threw up 
 an entrenchment quite acrofs from river to river, in- 
 tending to wait there till we could get up fbme heavy 
 cannon from Davecotah ; having but one 18 and one 
 1 2 pounder, artillery not fufficient to make a breach. 
 Monagee took polTelfion of my pofl at Chuckleypol- 
 lam. Wc were in this fituation when intelligence 
 cam.e that Mr. D'Auteuil, who was lately driven out 
 of Outatoor by captain Dalton, was then at Volconda, 
 with a large quantity of ftores. Captain Clive, on the 
 firft notice, formed a party, and marched the 27th. 
 He returned the twenty ninth with Mr. D'Auteuil and 
 his whole party prifoners. They confided of three 
 officers and fifty men, 300 fepoys and as many 
 horfe. 
 
 At this time the enemy were fo reduced for want of 
 proviflons, that the Indian army, on pardon and pro- 
 tection prornikd by the Nabc-b, came over to us in 
 great numbers ; one of their generals in particular, 
 named Coop Saib, joined us, with a thoufand horfe, 
 a large body cf fepoys, and 14 elephants. 
 
 Chunda 
 
1752. ON THE COAST OF COR OMAN DEL. 73 
 
 Chunda Saib difpirited and reduced to the greatell 
 extremity, and without money to pay his troops, wil- 
 hng to -try if he had a friend in Monagee the Tanjore 
 general, demanding leave to pafs through his camp 
 to Tanjore, which was very readily granted ; and, as 
 is too much the cuftom in like cafes, the moment he 
 was in the power of his enemy he was made a prifo- 
 ner. He might, no doubt, have elcaped to Pondi- 
 chery, but in thefe circum fiances he dreaded Mr. 
 Dupleix. 
 
 Next day, June ift, the Nabob, the Maiifore and 
 Maratta generals, Monagee and myfelf, being affem- 
 bled, it was debated how to difpofe of him. I was 
 filent on this occafion, and they were of different 
 opinions. The Nabob and Monagee judged it very 
 dangerous to let out of their hands a man who had 
 already given them fo much trouble. The MaiiTore 
 general and Morarow were for having him in their 
 poaefiion. Finding they could not agree, I propofcd 
 that we fhould have the care of him, and keep him 
 confined in one of our own fettlements ; this was by 
 no means approved, and we parted without coming 
 to any refolution ; but fome of Monagee's people put 
 an end to the difpute by cutting off his head, which 
 was done the 3d of June* 
 
 Thus did Chunda Saib pay the jufl price of his 
 ambition and prefumption. In private life he is faid 
 to be a man of great benevolence, humanity, and 
 generofity : w ith regard to his public character ; in 
 this country, ambition being a venial fault, every 
 man who fucceeds is a great man ; if he fails he is 
 only reckoned unfortunate. 
 
 Mr. D'Auteuil was brought prifoner to Trichinopo- 
 ly, and on giving his parole not to ferve againft the 
 Nabob, was releafed. The enemy became fo much 
 
 flraitened 
 
 * Mr. Dupleix, in his Memoire, falfely afferts, that Col. Lau- 
 rence himfelf ordered the death of Chunda Saib, notwithltanding 
 that caludny had been clearl/ refuted in the country. 
 
74 NARRATIVE OF THE WAR 1752. 
 
 flraitened for want of provifions, that they could hold 
 out no longer. Mr. Law therefore thought in earneft 
 of furrendering, and to that end defired our mediation 
 with the Nabob. We met in confequence, and ex- 
 plained to him the Nabob's terms, which were in 
 general ; 
 
 That the Pagodas of Jembikifhna and Seringam 
 fhould be delivered to the Nabob, with all the guns, 
 (lores, and ammunition. That the Europeans, 
 Topalfes, and Coffrees, (hould be prifoners of war. 
 That the officers fhould give their parole not to ferve 
 againft Mahomed Allee Cawn and his allies, and the 
 deferters be pardoned. 
 
 Thefe articles being figned by Mr. Law on the 3d 
 of June, captain Dalton took poflellion of Seringam, 
 and the French marched out, being about 600 Eu- 
 ropeans and 300 fepoys. The reft of their allies ac- 
 cepting of the Nabob's cowle or protedlion, feparated 
 and dil'perfed. In Seringam we found thirty pieces 
 of cannon, ten of which were 18 and 12 pounders, 
 the reft field-pieces, two large mortars, a number of 
 cohorns, and a great quantity of ammunition, and all 
 kind of millitary ftores. 
 
 Captain Campbell with a party efcorted the prifo- 
 ners to fort St. David. The Pagodas being thus fecu- 
 red, and every thing fo happily finirtied to the fouth- 
 ward, I imagined we had only to put the Nabob in 
 quiet polTeilion ot his territories to the northward, 
 where many places ftill remained with the French, 
 but Gingee was the only fort of confequence which 
 could give us any trouble. 
 
 On my reprefenting the ill confequence of our de- 
 lays, and prefling the Nabob to march with his allies, 
 and reduce the reft of the province, -I perceived in 
 him much unwillingnefs and unaccountable back- 
 wardnefs -, but this myftery was at length explained. 
 The Maiiforeans refufed to march till the Nabob had 
 deliyered up Trichinopoly, which they demanded, as 
 they faid, according to agreement ; infifting, that as 
 
 they 
 
1752. ON THE COAST OF COR O M A NDEL. 75 
 
 they had performed their part of the treaty, it was 
 but juft the Nabob Ihould fulfil his alfo. 
 
 The "Nabob juftly objected, that it was neither their 
 agreement, nor reaibnable, that the fortreis of Tri- 
 chinopoly (hoiild be the price of its relief, but that 
 when the king of Mailfore had fettled him in quiet 
 pofleflion of all his other dominions, he fhould then 
 be ready and willing, according to his real intention 
 and meaning, to give up that place. 
 
 The Maiilbreans feeming fatisfied, promifed to 
 march and remove this objection. In confidence that 
 they would follow, we marched with our Europeans 
 to Outatoor the 16th of June, but not finding our 
 allies or the Nabob follow us, we returned the i Kth 
 of June, hearing that Morarow with his Marattas 
 intended to put a ftop to the Nabob's march. 
 
 I endeavoured to reconcile the chiefs ; but I found 
 Morarow wanted no lefs than Trichinopoly for him- 
 felf ; an agreement therefore between the two con- 
 tending parties never could procure it him, wherefore 
 he feparately adviied both not to give up their preten- 
 fions ; hoping a breach would give him an opportuni- 
 ty to efFed what he faw was not to be obtained by 
 any other method. 
 
 The Nabob, by giving up Trichinopoly and its de- 
 pendancies, without being in poflellion of the reft of 
 the Arcot countries, quitted for ever that part which 
 alone, of all his pretenfions he was adually in poffef- 
 fion of. The king of MailTore's friendlhip and alli- 
 ance was of great confequence, but it alfo might be 
 purchafed too dear ; for however he might promiie to 
 ailifl the Nabob in the recovery of his other countries, 
 when he was once in pofleflion of the place, if he fliould 
 refufe to fulfil this part of the engagement, who could 
 force him ? Other compenfations were propofed, and 
 the Nabob even offered to give him a promife under 
 his hand, to deliver Trichinopoly in two months, if 
 he would but march with and alhft him. 
 
 Nanderauze 
 
76 NARRATIVE OF THE WAR 1752. 
 
 Nanderauze promifed he would follow, and join the 
 Nabob with his troops, in order to march towards our 
 fettlements. The Maiflbreans and Morarow remain- 
 ed encamped under the walls of Trichinopoly, feem- 
 ingly friends, and every day talked of following the 
 Nabob. Monagee with the king of Tanjore's troops 
 returned home, and Tonderaan followed them. The 
 Tanjoreans could never be brought to confent to the 
 giving Trichinopoly to the Maillbreans, 
 
 On the 28th we marched from Outatoor through 
 Volcondah and Verdachilum, and arrived before 
 Trivedy on the 7th of July. The enemy had left 
 there a fmall party, which, on the Nabob's fummons, 
 furrendered There I left the army, under the com- 
 mand of captain De Gingins, being in fo bad a Itate 
 of health that I could not keep the field. 
 
 It will not be imiproper to fhew what the French 
 were doing at Pondichery. To give Dupleix his 
 due, he was not eafily cafl: down ; his pride fupported 
 him, and at the fame time his mind was full of re- 
 fources; the injuftice of his caufe never diflurbed 
 him •, and, provided he could gain his ends, the 
 means never gave him any concern. His council 
 was chiefly compofed of his own creatures, who ne- 
 ver difputed what he propofed. He was married to a 
 woman endowed with as much fpirit, art and pride, 
 as himfelf ; born in the country, miftrefs of all the 
 low cunning peculiar to the natives, and well Ikilled in 
 their language. 
 
 The furrender of Mr. Law happened at that feafbn 
 of the year, when the fhips arrived from Europe, 
 and brought a large reinforcement, to which Mr. Du- 
 pleix added all the failors from the company's fhips, 
 fending Lafcars on board to navigate them to China. 
 Thus he colleded new troops j and not to want a 
 pretender to the government of Arcot, on Chunda 
 Saib*s death, he proclaimed Raja Saib his fon. Nabob 
 of the province •, but afterwards, that he might feem 
 to have an undoubted right of appointing whom he 
 
 pleafed, 
 
1752. ON THE COAST OF COROMANDEL. 77 
 
 pleafed, he gave out that the Mogul had fent him 
 Saneds or commiflions, declaring him governor of all 
 this part of the Carnateck, from the river Kriftnah to 
 the fea." Thefe Saneds were proved to be a forgery, 
 and the whole contrivance detefted in the moft public 
 manner, as will appear. 
 
 The fuppofed meflenger from Delly was received 
 with all the honour and ceremony ufually paid to an 
 ambadador from the Mogul ; and that nothing might 
 be wanting to compleat the farce, Mr. Dupleix him- 
 felf, in the country manner, with mufick and dancing- 
 girls before him, mounted on an elephant, received 
 v/ith due reverence from the hands of the pretended 
 ambaflador, his commiffion from the Mogul, and in 
 confequence of his appointment, gave out all orders 
 from that time as fuch ; he even kept his Durbar or 
 court, fat on a fofa, and received prefents from his 
 council as well as the natives, like a Prince of the 
 country ; and thus endeavoured to fupport the charac- 
 ter of Subah of the Deckan. 
 
 Mr. Dupleix, to return to my fubjed, finding that 
 Chunda Saib's Ton would be of little ufe to him, by 
 his intereft in the country, or his money, offered the 
 Naboblhip of Arcot to the governor of Velloure, 
 Mootis Ailee Cawn, a man every way fit for his pur- 
 pofe, and befides, very rich. Mootis Allee Cawn 
 was to find money, and Dupleix Europeans. Under 
 different pretences, and at different times, he got 
 from him about three lack of roupees ; but the titular 
 Prince finding he was only amufed, demurred till Du- 
 pleix would give him better proofs of making good 
 his promifes. As there was no moie money to be got, 
 Dupleix had no further occafion for him, and left 
 him where he found him, only lomething tht; 
 poorer. 
 
 As I have faid before, there was flill a good deal of 
 the Arcot province in the hands of the French, and 
 CiiUnda Saib's friends, which we Ihould have endea- 
 voured 
 
78 N ARR ATI VE OF THE WAR 1752. 
 
 voured to recover. Our fcjrces were not very confi- 
 derable •, we had loft a great many men ; there was a 
 ftrong garrifon left in Trichinopoly, and we had but 
 few recruits that year. The French had many more, 
 befides prelling the Teamen into their fervice. How- 
 ever, enough might have been fpared to go with the 
 Nabob and gather his rents, and to recover the great- 
 eft part of the country. Inftead of beginning by de- 
 grees, which at that time was all our ftrength would 
 admit of, the governor of Madrafs refolved to attack 
 Gingee. 
 
 Gingee is fituated to the weft of Pondichery. It is 
 furrounded with mountains, and the roads, or more 
 properly pafTes, leading to it, begin between thofe 
 mountains, at about ten miles diftance. An army 
 within thole paflTes may be eafily blocked up, unlefs 
 they can afford to fecure themfelves, and keep their 
 communication open with the country. It confifts of 
 two towns, called the Great and little Gingee. The 
 firft to the fouthward, the other to the northward. 
 They are both furrounded by one wall, three miles in 
 circumference, which inclofes the two towns, and five 
 mountains of ragged rock, on the fummits of which 
 are built five ftrong forts. The two towns are divided 
 from eaft to weft by a wall lined with cannon, which 
 one of thole five rocks defends as a citadel. The 
 place is inaccellible, except from the eaft and fouth- 
 eaft. Four roads lead to it, by the one our army 
 marched, the other faces towards Arcot, the third 
 to Wandewafh, and the fourth to Pondichery. The 
 place was well fupplied with all manner of ftores, and 
 garrifoned by 150 Europeans, and iepoys and black 
 people in great numbers. Such was the Itate of Gin- 
 gee when we refolved to befiege it. Ill as I was, at 
 that time, with the fever, I fet out from Fort St. Da- 
 vid for Madrafs, to fee the governor, and try if I 
 could diiluade him from the attempt. 
 
 I repre- 
 
1752- ON THE COAST OF COROMAN DEL. 79 
 
 I reprefented the fituation and ftrengthof the place, 
 compared to the force we could (end, and even 
 allowing that we could have marched our whole force, 
 the number would not be fufficient for the attack, 
 and at the fame time to provide for our fecurity, by 
 keeping the pafles open, and protecting our convoys 
 of provifions, which mull come from Fort St. David, 
 as no fuppiy could be expected from a country dif- 
 affeded by its neighbourhood to Pondichery, Be- 
 fides, we had alfo an enemy at our back, with a force 
 fufficient, at leaft, to ftop our convoys. I reprefent- 
 ted to him that the Nabob's affairs alfo required our 
 fettling other places firft, where we were fure of fuc- 
 cefs ; and we ought to confider what an impreffion 
 the leaft check would make on the minds ot thefe 
 fluduating, and yet unfettled people. 
 
 Thefe, with leveral other realons determined me 
 to diffuade the governor from the attempt ; but he 
 declared to me, that he had ordered a party, and it 
 muft go. 
 
 Major Kinneer was fent with a detachment, from 
 the army at Trivedy, of 200 Europeans ; the Nabob 
 ahb fent his troops, about 600 horfe, and 1 500 Se- 
 poys. 
 
 They marched the 23d of July, and arrived before 
 the place the 26th. A fummons was fent, which 
 the French anfwered very civilly, by faying, they 
 kept it for the King of France, and were refolved to 
 defend it. Soon after, intelligence was brought that 
 a party marched from Pondichery of 200 Europeans^ 
 and 1500 Sepoys. Two pieces of battering cannon, 
 ammunition, &c. were ordered out, under an elcort 
 of 150 Europeans, The French pofted themfelves 
 on the road our convoys were obliged to pafs, upon 
 which Major Kinneer Judged it better to leave Gin- 
 gee, again ft which he had no profpeCt of fuccefs, and 
 meet the French ; finding it of moft confequence to 
 keep his communication open. 
 
 The 
 
8o NARRATIVE OF THE WAR 1752. 
 
 The French had made choice of a good poft, with 
 a river and the village of Vickarivandy in their front, 
 and feven pieces of cannon well difpofed. Our men 
 attacked, but were very warmly received, and galled 
 by a brifk fire from behind walls. A blundering 
 commander of our artillery, (a Frenchman who had 
 deferted and was taken into our fervice) contrived to 
 poll our cannon lb, that they could not favour the at- 
 tack ; which Major Kinneer endeavouring himfelf to 
 re(^tify, was wounded in the leg, and miany of the 
 men and officers killed ; which obliged him in the end 
 to retreat, but in very good order. Thus ended the 
 expedition againft Gingee. Poor Major Kinneer was 
 almoft recovered of his wound, but fretting at his dif- 
 appointment, was feized with a fever and flux- which 
 carried him ofFfome time after. 
 
 The French, animated as uiual upon the leafl fuc- 
 cefs, joined this party with all the force they could 
 bring into the field. The marched clofe to the bounds 
 of Fort St. David. I was flill at Madrafs, but hav- 
 ing received an account of their motion, orders were 
 fent to our troops in St. David's, to march out and 
 encamp. Captain Schaub's company of Swifs was 
 alfo fent by fea fi'om Madrafs. The party went in 
 boats, though I defired they might be fent in a Ihip 
 which was in the road, as well for the fafety and eate 
 of the troops, ris a fecurity againft any attempts of 
 Mr. Dupleix, who, I very well knew, was capa- 
 ble of doing any thing to anfwer his prefent purpo- 
 fes. 
 
 Mr, Dupleix, on notice of the embarkation, fent 
 a (hip out of Pbndichery road, and took captain 
 Schaub and his whole company, and carried them in- 
 to Pondichery, and there detained them prilbners of 
 war. An action againft the law uf nations, and an 
 open violation of the peace then fubfifting between 
 us and the French •, facred here, as well as in Europe, 
 though we were allies in different caufes. Immedi- 
 ately 
 
1752. ON THE Coast of COROMANDEL. 8t 
 
 arely on news of this, ill as I lliil continued, I em- 
 barked wi:h captain Gaupp'sSwifs company, on board 
 the Bjinbay Caftle, the iliip I had afked for the other 
 party. 
 
 I arrived at St. David's the i6th of Aiigufl, and the 
 t7th took the field with 400 Europ?an-s 1700 SepoySj 
 and 4000 of the Nabob's troops, and nine pieces of 
 cannon. I found the enemy encamped within fight of 
 us, and after reconnoitring their fitaation, 1 refol- 
 ved to attack them the next morning; which 
 they either got information of, or fufpeded, fof 
 rhey marched off that night to Bahoor. I f !low- 
 ed them the next day, for they fiill retreated, till they 
 came very near their own bounds, with the village 
 of Villanour in their front, three miles from Pondi* 
 ehery, 
 
 Mr. de Kerjean, a nephew of Mr. Duplei>f, com- 
 manded this army. By his uncle's order, he proteft- 
 ed in a long letter, againft our entering their boundsy 
 forbidding us to follow the Prince of the country even 
 in his own territories. The abfnrdity of thefe pro- 
 tefts, to which we had too long paid fom.e regard, was 
 greatly increafed fince Mr Dupleix had thrown off the 
 mafk, by taking captain Schaub and his party priib- 
 ners. 
 
 I was encamped at a Pagoda called Trichanky, 
 from whence I had a view of their camp, confifting 
 ot 400 Europeans. 1530 Sepoys, and 500 cavalry. 
 In hopes o: bringing them to an engagement, 1 at- 
 tacked their advanced poft at Villenour ; but as they 
 would not fupport it, 1 could do no more than drive 
 out that party, my orders not permitting me to follo>¥ 
 them into their bounds. 
 
 Finding it impoiiible to bring on an engagement, I 
 marched back and incamped at Bahoor, two miles 
 from Fort St. David, to fee if my retreat would en- 
 Courage l>e Kerjean to follow us. As no people are 
 naturally more elated with trifles, (I mean when they 
 
 F have 
 
82 N ARR A TI VE OF THE W AR 1752. 
 
 have not at their head a man of folidity, experience 
 and judgment) I had hopes this fcheme might take. 
 •The event more than anfv/ered my expectation. Mr. 
 Dupleix ordered De Kerjean to follow lu-, conjuring 
 him to improve the minute, and make the proper ufe 
 of our fears. De Kerjean, fufpeding it might be other- 
 wife, reprefented his thoughts of our retreat, which 
 only procured him a more peremptory order, to march 
 after us immediately ; for Mr. Dupleix told him, he 
 was convinced we would not fight •, that he expedcd 
 the * Prince every hour with Mr. De la Touche, who 
 fliould inftantly fuperfede him. He was therefore 
 obliged to obey, and accordingly encamped next day, 
 within two miles of us, and 1 made adifpolition tor 
 attacking him the morning after. 
 
 On the 26th of Auguft, at two in the morning, 
 our little army was under arms ; our Sepoys in front 
 in one line, our battalion formed a (econd, with the 
 artillery divided on our flanks. A high bank on our 
 left flank, extended to the French camp, and behind 
 it were pofted the cavalry, with orders to march as 
 we did i and if they faw the enemy in any confufion 
 on our attack, they were immediately to make the 
 proper advantage of their diforder. The ground per- 
 mitting us, we marched in that order, and came up 
 in time to begin our attack, a little before dawn of 
 day. Our Sepoys were challenged by the enemies ad- 
 vanced poft, and not anfwering, received their fire 
 and returned it, fliill marching on. The Europeans 
 followed in good order, and kept (houldered whiie our 
 Sepoys were engaged with theirs. The day jufl: then 
 beginning to break, we faw the French battalion drawn 
 out a little upon our left. On their right was the bank I 
 mentioned before, and on their left a tank or pond of 
 
 water, 
 
 * The Prince was a very large French company's (hip, with 700 
 ipen, and prelents from the French king for the Mogul, Salabat- 
 zing and Chunda Saib : Ihe was burnt in her palTage to India, and 
 fcarce a man faved. 
 
1752- ON THE COAST OF C O R O M A N D E L. SJ 
 
 v/ater, which obliged us to incline, to make our frone 
 equal to theirs. We then advanced, while they con" 
 tinned "all the time a very brills: fire from their cannon. 
 The Imail arms foon began : our men advanced firing j 
 and the French flood their ground, till our bayonets 
 met. 7 he violence of the attack was made by our 
 grenadiers and two platoons, who threw the enemy 
 intodiforder, and foon after their whole line was broke* 
 They then threw down their arms, and ran for it. 
 Every moment our cavalry was expeded to charge ; 
 but they, inftead of pur''uing, employed themfelves 
 in plundering the camp, which gave time to many 
 of the French to retreat to Areacopong. The adi- 
 on, however, ended greatly in our favour. Mr. Ker- 
 jegn, fifteen officers, and loo private men were made 
 prifoners, and many more were wounded, or fell in 
 the engagement. Their artillery, confifting of eighc 
 pieces of cannon, with all their ammunition, tumbrils, 
 and ftores, fell into our hands. We had one officer 
 killed, three or four wounded, and feventy eight men 
 killed and wounded. The Nabob, highly delighted 
 at our fuccefs, though difpleafed at the behaviour of 
 his own people, returned with me to Fort St. David, 
 where we received accounts that three thoufand Ma- 
 rattas were on their m.arch from Trichinopoly to join 
 the Nabob ; but we had reafon to fufpedt their intv^nti^ 
 ons ; tliey were to havejoined the French, if our fuc- 
 cefs had not prevented them. Nanderauze, the Maif- 
 fore general, flill remained before Trichinopoly, with 
 Morarow, outwardly our friend, but ready to feize 
 the firfl opportunity to get pofleffion of the town : they 
 therefore kept captain Dalton continually on the 
 watch, the more fo as it was necedary to fee'm as if we 
 did not fufpedt them, or know any thingof their treat- 
 ing with the French, Mr. Dupleix did not lofe fb fair 
 an opportunity of endeavouring to bring the Maillo- 
 reans to his intereft. He therefore promiled Nande- 
 rauze not only Trichinopoly, but gave him hopes that 
 the kingdom of Tanjore might alio be added to it. 
 
 F 2 On 
 
84 NARRATIVE OF the WAR 1752. 
 
 On the news of our vidory, 3000 Marattas joined 
 us, commanded by Innis Cawn, the next in rank to 
 Morarow, who, according to cuiiom, fwore fidelity to 
 the Nabob, and we marched to Trivedy the jyth of 
 September. 
 
 To improve the remaining part of the feafon, the 
 monfoon * coming on, captain CTive was fent with 
 afmall detachment to take Covelong, a fort fixteen 
 miles to the fouthward of Madrafs, and Chengalaput, 
 about forty. The lall mentioned fort was exceeding 
 ftrong, being almoft encompafled by a morafs, and 
 furrounded with two walls, the ramparts of which 
 are fixteen feet thick, a wet ditch faced with ftone 
 fixty feet wide, quite round the outward fort, and 
 another half round the inner. Chengalaput capitula- 
 ted the i ft of Odober. It fhould be remarked, that 
 the officer who commanded was then prifoner on pa- 
 role. 
 
 Having performed this fervice, and the monfoon 
 now approaching, I propofed returning to winter 
 quarters, at Fort St. David, to give our men, who 
 who were fufficiently harrafled, the fmall refrefhment 
 of two months reft, and good quarters, during the 
 rains, which fall heavily in this country; but I had 
 orders to canton the troops at Trivedy : the Nabob 
 did the fame. 
 
 Notwithftanding thefe feeming advantages to the 
 northward, our luuation in general was very dilcou- 
 raging. The Nabob's money at this time began to 
 fail, and what is a natural confequence, his troops left 
 him. Befides, they had never been ufed to keep the 
 field at this feafon of the year ; Morarow, on a pre- 
 tended difpute widi the MaifToreans for want of pay, 
 marched off to Pondichery, and declared for the 
 French j Innis Cawn decamped alfo at the fame 
 time. 
 
 All 
 
 * A feafon of heavy rains and (lorms which begin about this 
 month, and generally continue to December. 
 
1752. ON THE Coast OF COROMANDEL. 85 
 
 All this was a fcheme concerted by Nanderauze, to 
 fee if he could not gain Trichinopoly. He would 
 not break openly with the Nabob, for then all his 
 hopes were gone ; but if he could create us fuch a 
 number of enemies, he concluded neither the Nabob 
 nor the Englifh could poflibly fupport the war. He 
 thought therefore, in fuch diftrefs, he might make 
 his own terms for the afliftance we fhould want, and 
 which he alone could give us. This, in reality, was 
 the intention of his pretended quarrel with Mora-^ 
 row. 
 
 The MaiiTorean, to fave appearances, and adt 
 with feme fhow of juftice, faid he would return to his 
 own country, if the Nabob would pay him his ex- 
 pences in ready money. The fum he afked was as im- 
 polTible for the Nabob to raife, as for us to advance, 
 which he very well knew. Countries were offered as 
 fecurities ; but nothing lefs than ready money would 
 fatisfy, or what he chofe rather, the being put in pof- 
 felfion of Trichinopoly, which he had attempted to 
 furprife in the following manner. 
 
 A Neapolitan named Clement Poverio, who had 
 been a long time in India, and knew the country lan- 
 guage very well, had taken fervice with the Nabob, 
 and commanded a company of Topaffes. This man 
 ferved as interpreter between captain Dalton and Nan- 
 derauze, who thinking it not difficult to bribe fuch a 
 perfon, offered him a confiderable fum of money, if 
 he would be inftrumental in lending him affiflance to 
 get poffeffion of the town. The man defired fome 
 time to confider of it, and on his return honeftly dif- 
 covered the whole to captain Dalton, who, after re- 
 turning him thanks for his fidelity, and promifmg a 
 reward, ordered him to carry on the^ fcheme with 
 Nanderauze, and on his next vifit to affure him 
 he was ready to obey his orders. The fellow return- 
 ed with his lelTon, and aded his part naturally, fo as 
 to avoid the appearance of double dealing. The 
 F 3 fcheme 
 
86 NARRATIVE or THE WAR 1752. 
 
 fcheme concerted between Nanderauze and Morarovv 
 was, that Poverio, with part of his Topafs company, 
 fhould fecure a gate for the entrance of the troops. 
 The French prifoners that we had taken at Samiave- 
 ram and Volconda, were to be armed, and fet at li- 
 berty, by the remainder of his company, who were 
 to attack the guard over them. Six re(blute fellows 
 undertook to difpatch captain Dakon on his firft ap- 
 pearance, afrer the alarm given. Every thing, in 
 iliort, was fettled, and the night appointed for the 
 execution. Captain Dakon apprifed of this, to fcreen 
 Poverio from fufpicion, made the necedary difpofitions 
 for his defence, with the greatefl: fecrecy, till the 
 evening came, on which the plot was to take place. 
 He then informed the Nabob's brother in-law, the go- 
 vernor of Trichincpoly, of their defigns, and the 
 plan lie had laid to defeat them. Terrified at the 
 thoughts of an attempt, and con faking nothing but 
 his fears, to prevent all rifque, the governor fent a 
 mefTenger to Nanderauze, informing him of the dif- 
 covery of the v^hole plot, and our having taken pro- 
 per meafurcs to prevent its execution ; adding to it all 
 the circumftances that Dalton had told him, that the 
 MaiiTorean might not doubt in the lead, the truth of 
 the difcovery. When he had done this, he acquaint- 
 ed captain Dalton with it, not a little pleafed with 
 himfelf, and thinking he had ad\ed with uncommon 
 difcretion in the affair to prevent the MaiiTorean's de- 
 figns by fuch a prudent ftep. Nanderauze wifely de- 
 filted from the attempt, but offered large fums for Po- 
 verio, dead or alive. It was on the difcovery of this, 
 that I propofed Dalton fhould feize on the Maifforean 
 and Morarow, which he miglit eafily have done, by 
 a furpriie, as he often had conferences with them ; 
 ^nd 1 muft own, I thought in juftice it would have 
 been right to have done it : but the Prefidency were 
 of another opinion. Before we clofe tlie year 1752, it 
 will be nicefiary to fay what was doing by Salabarzing 
 and Mr. Bufly to the northward. 
 
 At 
 
1752. ON THE COAST OF COROMANDEL. 87 
 
 At the end of the year 1751, we left the French 
 with the Viceroy of their own appointing, Salabat- 
 zing marching to Aurengabad : they were foon after 
 difturbed by Ballazerow the chief of the Marattas, 
 who came dow n with a large army againft them. 
 
 The v^ar continued till October 1752, when Gaw- 
 zedy Cawn, the elder brother of Salabatzing, whom 
 the Mogul had appointed Prince of the Deckan, 
 marched to take polfeflion of his government ; but 
 he died in fourteen days after his arrival at Aurenga- 
 bad, poifoned by his own fifter. After his death, Sa- 
 labatzing concluded a treaty at Hydrabad with Balla- 
 zerow ; but the Mogul, on the death of Gawzedy 
 Cawn, appointed his Ton Shaw Abadin Cawn to fuc- 
 ceed. He accordingly informed the Nabob, Mr. 
 Saunders, and Mr. Dupleix of the Mogul's appoint- 
 ment, and raifed a large army to come and take poP 
 fellion : but he was foon obliged to drop that defign, 
 the Mogul's affairs requiring his prefence with the ar- 
 my at Delly. Salabatzing now left at large, at the 
 earneft folicitation of Mr. Dupleix, gave all our fettle- 
 ments to the northward to the French, who, how- 
 ever, for the prefent, did not attempt to take polTefli- 
 on, except of Divi Ifland. Mr. BufTy frequently 
 quarrelled with Salabatzing, and as often again allifted 
 him with his Europeans in collecling his revenues-, 
 by which condudt he fometimes promoted the intereft 
 of the company, always his own, and is thereby be- 
 come one of the richeft fub)e6ls in Europe. 
 
 Before the beginning of the new year the Maiflb- 
 reanshad declared againft us, and being in pofTellion 
 of Seringam Pagodas, captain Dalton beat up their 
 camp in the night, and killed fome people. 
 
 Two days after this, the Mailloreans recovering 
 themlelves, attacked his advanced poft, on the other 
 fide the Cauvery, within cannon-fhot of the fort. It 
 was defended by a redoubt, in which he had pofted 
 fixty Europeans, and fome Sepoys. The enemy came 
 
 F 4 on 
 
8g N ARR ATI VE OF THE W AR 175a; 
 
 on with extraordinary refolution, through the fire of 
 our mufquetry to the very parapet. A panick feized 
 our people, andinfteadof trufling to thesredoubt, an4 
 V/aiting for a reinforcement from the town they aban- 
 doned the pod, and attempted to crols the rjver. The 
 eavalry feeing tlieir conkifion, followed thfem into the 
 Cauvery, 'and there cut every man to pieces. Thi? 
 obliged captain Dalton to keep within his garrifon, 
 which was ftill very fufficient ; and as we apprehend- 
 ed no fcarcity of provifions, we v/ere not concerned 
 on his account, being dete: mined our efforts fhould 
 flill be exerted in this part of the province. 
 
 In con.equence of our refolution, and hearing the 
 French vvere marched with Morarow from * Wal- 
 dore, towards Trivedy ; we fetout from Fort St. Da- 
 vid the 6th of January, with .^50 Europeans, 700 Se- 
 poys, and joined the Nabob and our other forces at 
 Trivedy. Our army confiHed of about 700 Euro- 
 peans, 2000 Sepoys, lo. o of the Nabob's cavalry, 
 and oiir own little troop of twenty. The Nabob 
 had neither money nor allies, except the King of 
 Tanjore, who promifed very fairlv, but never fent 
 any afliflance. The French, confiiling of 500 Eu' 
 ropeans, 2000 fepoys, a troop of horfe commanded 
 by Mr. Maillin, and 4000 Maratta-, intrenched 
 themfelves on the banks of the river Paniar in fight 
 of Trivedy. Morarow, widi his Maratta horfe, ra- 
 vaged and deftroyed the country, attacking our con- 
 voys, and obliging us to march our whole force, to 
 bring our provifions and ftores from Fort St. Da- 
 vid. 
 
 On the ninth of January in the morning, the Ma- 
 rattas who had a train of artillery, and two compa- 
 nies of TopaiTes, broiight down three pieces of can- 
 non, and begi;n to cannonade the village of T.ivedy. 
 I ordered the grenadiers and fome fepoys to attack 
 
 their 
 
 * A fort 1 2 miles weft of Pondichery. 
 
1753- ON THE COAST OF COROM ANDEL. Bp 
 
 their battery, and followed with our whole body to 
 fiipport them. The party bufhed on brifl-cly, and got 
 poiferiion of their artillery before they had time to fire 
 a fecond round. As the cavalry ftill kept their diA 
 tance but within cannon fliot, we foUov/ed them with 
 fome field-pieces about two miles, and were prepa- 
 ring to return when they furrounded and attacked us 
 on every fide. Our cannon did great execution with 
 grape-fhot, and our men kept their fire admirably 
 well. Finding they could not fucceed, they left us to 
 purfue our march to camp, with the three pieces of 
 cannon our grenadiers had taken in the morning. 
 
 The King of Tanjore having prom/ifed us a body 
 of cavalry, I fent a party of infantry, with two pieces 
 of cannon to favour their jundion. They came on 
 fome part of the way, but thinking us in a bad con- 
 dition, and fearing the Marattas, they amufed us only 
 with promifes, and obliged our party to return to the 
 army without them. 
 
 The enemy were fo fuperior to us in cavalry, that 
 we were obliged often to march our whole body to 
 efcort {lores and provifions from St. David's to our 
 camp ; always haraiTed more or lefs by the Marattas. 
 On the lil of April in particular, returning from St. 
 David's, they attacked us in fmall parties the whole 
 day, till within three miles ot Trivedy, and there a 
 large body attacked our front with great brifknefs, btit 
 they were repulied with the fame fpirit. We then 
 perceived the whole body of the enemy on the right 
 of the road, within a mile of Trivedv. Our convoy 
 very luckily marched on the left flank, near the bed 
 of a river. The enemy advancing, we came pre- 
 fently near enough for cannon, and kept advancing, 
 and firing, with a Teeming refolution on both fides ta 
 come to an adion. They had a hollow way in their 
 front, which they imagined we could not pafs ; but 
 as foon as we came to a proper diftance to make a 
 pufh, I ordered my fepoys and artillery to halt, and 
 
 keep 
 
90 N ARR ATI VE OF THE W A R 1753. 
 
 keep the cavalry clear of my convoy. Then march- 
 ing on bnn<ly with the main body of Europeans, we 
 croHed the hollow way, fo much to the furprize of 
 the French, that they gave us only one lire, and ran 
 av\ay. We were too well fatisfied with our viclory to 
 puilue, as we had the convoy to take care of : our 
 men, befides. were almoft exbaufted with fatigue, 
 having been under arms from ^ o'clock in the morn- 
 ing, and the day Ilo excefiively hct, that fome of our 
 Europeans dropt down dead on the march, with the 
 heat and want of water. The Marattas hovered 
 about us till the clofe of day. We killed a great 
 many of them, and in particular Budgerow, Mora- 
 row's brother. 
 
 The fame day, on our march, we were joined by 
 captain Poller, and his company of Swifs. With this 
 reinforcement I determined to try if it M'as poflible or 
 warraiitable to attack the enemy, who could not be 
 brought out of their entrenchments to an engage- 
 ment. In confequence of this refoiution, I made a 
 march nearer them. 
 
 in the front of their camp was a village where lay 
 an advanced party. C)ur grenadiers and 100 of the 
 battal on were ordered to attack it ; they fucceeded,' 
 and drove the enemy out, who returned to their 
 main body. A little beyond this village, within 70a 
 yards of their camip, was a convenient and fafe poft 
 to make a battery. We had brought with us two 24 
 pounders, which we mounted, and b^ gan to canno- 
 nade thjir camp, which was furrounded with a para- 
 pet cannon proof, and with redoubts at proper d'\C- 
 tancts, mounted with 30 pieces of cannon, and a very ' 
 broad and deep ditch, with a good glacis. We con- 
 tinned cannonading for fome time ; but to fo little 
 purpofe, that we thought proper to defift ; bcfides, 
 our march from Trivedy increafed our difficulties 
 widi regard to provifions. The Marattas were inde- , 
 fatigable, who being joined by a fmall party from 
 
 Fondichery 
 
1753- ON THE COAST OF COROMANDEL. 91 
 
 Pondichery, fiirprized a fort called Bonnagery, from 
 whence- we drew our fupplies of grain. Finding I 
 could not bring them to an engagement, and that an 
 aflTault was impradicable, from their numbers, which 
 in Europeans were almoft equal to our little armyj 
 we returned to Trivedy, and captain Killpatrick 
 marched with a detachment to retake Bonnagery, 
 which the enemy abandoned in the night. 
 
 Captain Dalton, ever fince the lofs of his party, 
 had been fhiit up in the fort. The main body of the 
 enemy was at Seringam, and their cavalry continu- 
 ally fcouring the plain, prevented any provifions 
 from coming in. The inhabitants and garrilbn were 
 fupphed from the magazines which were under the 
 care of the Nabob's brother, v/ho had always declared 
 there was fufficient for a long time. Though there 
 was no appearance of fcarcity, captain Dalton thought 
 it neceilary to know the real quantity in ftore ; and 
 making an examination, to his great furprize, it ap- 
 peared there was only fufiicient for three weeks, and 
 no hope of a fupply from the country, a party lately 
 fent into Tondeman's dift/ids not being able to get 
 any, or even to return. He immediately difpatched 
 a meffenger with an account of his fituation, who 
 reached me late at night, the 20th of April at Tri- 
 vedy. Adonifned at this intelligence, we faw the ne- 
 cellity of an immediate march to Trichinopoly, which 
 we begun the 22d; inftant in the morning, leaving 
 captain Chafe with 150 Europeans and 500 fepoys 
 for the defence of Trivedy ; and as I intended paf- 
 fing through the Tanjore country, letters were dif- 
 patched by the Nabob and me to the King, acquaint- 
 ing him with our march, and inviting him to join us 
 on our approach, to his capital. Though we pro- 
 ceeded as expeditioufly as pollible, we were obliged 
 to hall every third or fourth day, on account of the 
 hot winds, which were lo pov/erful at this feafon, 
 that notv/ithftanding all our care, our httle army was 
 
 greatly 
 
92 N AR R ATI VE OF THE WAR 1753. 
 
 greatly diminifhed. We marched by Chillambrum, 
 a ftrong ragoda, in which we had a ferjeant, and a 
 few gunners, A place of fo much confequence for 
 prefervnng our communication by land between St. 
 David's and rhe Tanjore country, fhould have been 
 rein orced ; inflead of that, our mtn were with- 
 drawn, and it fell into the enemy's hands foon after 
 our departure. On our entering the Tanjore coun- 
 try, tjie King (mt his prime minifler Succogee, to 
 compliment the Nabob and his allies. He received 
 our force, and prcmifed very tairly on the part of his 
 mailer, to whom he foon returned. We purfued our 
 march to Condore the 3d of May. On our arrival, 
 the King defired to meet the Nabob and me half-way. 
 I (et out the 4th, in company with the Nabob and 
 Mr. Palk, who had been with me from my leaving 
 Madrafs. The King m.et us at the place appointed, 
 attended by his whole court, who on the occafion 
 made a very magnificent and fplendid appearance. 
 He was efcorted bv 3000 horfe, well mounted, and a 
 great many elephants in filver trappings. After ce- 
 remonioufly palling each other in our Palankeens, 
 we were conduded to a pleafant garden, and there 
 received by the King, under a pavilion, fupported by 
 pillars of filver, elegantly covered, and furnifhed. 
 There we renewed our affurances of friendfhip and 
 protection, and ail our former engagements ; and it 
 was determined that the King fhould ilipport the Na- 
 bob, and join him the next day with 3000 horfe, and 
 a like number of fepoys. After a refrefliment of 
 fruits, a fhower of rofe-water, and being anointed 
 with otter of rofes, we v/ere difmilTed with prefents 
 of elephants, horfes and * firphas, and efcorted to 
 our camp by a brilliant party of the Rajah's cavalry. 
 On the 5th, the horfe and fepoys joined us, accord- 
 ing to agreement i but, as we foon after experienced, 
 
 only 
 
 * A rich drefsof that country. 
 
1753- ON THE COAST OF COROMANDEL. g;} 
 
 only to make a parade, for they left us the fame day. 
 We remonftratcd, and very warmly prefled their 
 jundion, But they excufed themfelves with promiles 
 of returning. Unwilling therefore to loie time, and 
 fufpecftmg that they wanted only to amufe the Na- 
 bob and us, we marched, and arrived the 6th of May 
 at Trichinopoly, much decreafed in numbers through 
 fatigue ; and notwithllanding we frequently fent the 
 fick back to our fettlements, the hofpitals were filled 
 at our arrival. We had even left our tents behind, 
 and took only with us what baggage was abfolutely 
 neceffary, that nothing might retard our relieving 
 Trichinopoly, which indeed was of fo great confe- 
 quence, that every thing was to be rifqued for it. 
 The enemy made a fhow of oppofition when we ap- 
 proached the fort. The whole plain was covered 
 with their cavalry and fepoys, but a few fhot from 
 our field-pieces foon determined them to retreat to 
 Seringam. As we fent lOO men to the hofpital up- 
 on our arrival at Trichinopoly, the remainder of 
 my force, with what the garrifon could fpare, whea 
 muftered, amounted to no more than 500 men in 
 battalion, and 2000 fepoys. Nanderauze was on the 
 illand, and had with him 10,000 cavalry, 6000 Black 
 infantry, and about 100 Europeans, with a good train 
 of artillery. After giving the men two days refrefh- 
 ment, I croiTed the Cauvery to the ifland together 
 with the Nabob, intending to attack the enemy if v/e 
 found a favourable opportunity ; but their fuperiority, 
 and the advantage of their fituation, made it imprac- 
 ticable. It was as much as we could do, by a very 
 brilk fire of our artillery, to keep our fianks clear 
 from the cavalry that furrounded us, and at every 
 motion we made were ready to charge. Nor were 
 the enemy's cannon filent ; lb that after a very fa- 
 tiguing day, I was obliged at night to retreat, and re- 
 pafs the river. In this attempt we had two officers 
 
 killed 
 
94 M ARR ATI VE OF THE W AR 1753 
 
 killtd, and three wounded, and bur very few men in 
 proportion j the enemy's cavalry iuffered greatly. 
 
 We then encamped on the plain, about four miles 
 fouth-weft of the fort, at a place called the Fakeers's 
 Tope, to keep cur communication open with Tonde- 
 man's country. This Polygar ftill remained a friend 
 to the Nabob. He fometimes fent his troops, and 
 all our provifions came from his country. Befides 
 v/hat was necefiary for our daily confumption, our 
 defign v/as, if poliible, to lay up a year's ftock of 
 grain in Trichinopoly •, as without this fupply our mi- 
 litary operations mull entirely be confined to this 
 fpot •, but all our endeavours to this purpofe were in- 
 effedual. The King of Tanjore, or Tondeman, 
 could eafdy havefupplied us wiih the quantity wanted, 
 if they had been wilbng ; but they were apprehenfive, 
 that if once Trichinopoly was well (upplied, we might 
 think an army needlels there, and march towards the 
 coaft, and by that means leave their country expofed 
 to the infults of the enemy. In vain were all our 
 promifes, that the fafety of their countries lliould be 
 our firft care : In vain did the Nabob and I repre- 
 fent to them the advantage it would be for the com- 
 mon caufe to have an army at liberty to move where 
 we pleafed, which was not pofiible, while the maga- 
 zines remained unfurnifhed with grain. All thefe rea- 
 fons were to very little purpofe •, they judged of the 
 Englifh by themfelves, apprehending that if once we 
 could carry a point, promifes made to gain it would 
 be no longer in force. By thefe means ue were kept 
 in Trichinopoly above a year, never able to get three 
 months provifions into the fort ; I mean for the gar- 
 rifon only without confidering the inhabitants, who 
 were now obliged to leave their dwellings and fettle 
 in Tanjore, and other places: by this means the 
 town, lately fo populous, became almoll uninhabited. 
 About this time I was commiilioned with Mr. Palk to 
 treat with the King of MaifTore. We accordingly 
 
 wrote 
 
I 
 
 1753* ON THE COAST OK CO R O M ANDEL. 95 
 
 wrote to him, and defired an interview, which his 
 French allies would not permit him to give us. He 
 only recapitulated in a letter, fix feet long, the agree- 
 ment between the Nabob and him, the many injuries 
 he had received from us by being kept out of the 
 fort, and infifted on Trichinopoly or his expences. 
 
 The day we left Trivedy the enemy came out of 
 their entrenchments, and encamped near the fort. 
 A part of the garrifon made a fally, and, flufhed with 
 their fir ft fuccefs, tiiey imprudently purfued too far : 
 the enemy getting between them and the town, cut 
 oIt their retreat •, and after fome refiftance, the whole 
 party, which confifted of two officers, 60 Europeans, 
 and two companies of fepoys, was either put to the 
 fword, or made pri Toners of war. 
 
 The French now erected a battery, and began to 
 cannonade the place. The garrifon was ftill fuffici- 
 ent to make a good defence, had not a mutiny arofe, 
 in which the men got poilelTion of the Arrack in the 
 garrifon, and, mad with liquor, obliged the command- 
 ing officer to capitulate, by which means he and all 
 the reft of the garrifon were made prifoners of war. 
 This gallant young man, whofe lenity, in not putting 
 a ftop to the firft appearance of the mutiny, had been 
 attended with fuch bad confequences, was fo fenfibly 
 affeded with his misfortune, that it threw him inta 
 a fever, of which he died foon after at Pondichery. 
 
 Chillambrum and Trivedy being reduced, the 
 Marattas, French, and IVIailToreans all joined at 
 Seringam, and being alio reinforced from other 
 parts, their battalion outnumbeied curs. With this 
 luperiority they crofTed the Cauvery, and encamped 
 to the weftward of us, on the plain. 
 
 I was obliged, a little before that, to go into the 
 fort on account of my health -, and by a miftake of 
 the gentleman who commanded, and to whom I had 
 given diredlions for fecuring a poft in his front at the 
 Five Rocks, which he negleded, the enemy pofted 
 
 themfelves 
 
96 N ARR A TI V^ or T«E W AR 1753. 
 
 themfelves between us and Tondeman's country. 
 That our communication might not be quite cut off, 
 I lent orders to fccure the Golden Rock, which was 
 accordingly done by two companies of fepoys. The 
 enemy relolving to gain that poll alio, fent a party 
 early in the morning, June a'jth, to attack it, and 
 had almoft begun their attack before we perceived 
 their motion, it being fcarce day-light. As loon as 
 ever we difcovered the fire, I came out of the town, 
 having difpatched a meflenger firll with (orders to the 
 commanding officer to detach the picquet, and en- 
 deavour to fupport the fepoys. The enemy mo- 
 ved at the fame time, but before either had got half-^ 
 way, the party which had attacked our fepoys in the 
 morning had carried their pointy and drove them 
 from their pcfl. It was expedient immediately to at- 
 tempt regaining it ; we therefore moved our whole 
 body : the enemy did the fame. Being com.e near 
 enough, as I imagined, to make my pufh, I ordered 
 the Hrft divifion of the grenadiers, and the picquet 
 lent in the morning, (who had halted for my coming 
 up) to march on bnfl<ly, and attack the party on the 
 Rock, while I followed llowly with the remainder to 
 fupport them. . The enemy had fent a reinforcement 
 to ihofe on the Rock, and with their remainder were 
 drawn up on the right of it. As foon as our firll di- 
 vifion was engaged, I advanced, and attacked their 
 battalion -, the firft divifion had gained their point al- 
 moft inflantly, fo that the enemy found themfelves 
 between two fires -, in which fituation they did not 
 long remain, but retreated, or rather ran away as fall 
 as they could, leaving us mailers of the poll, and 
 three pieces of cannon. 
 
 While we were purfuing our fuccefs, the whole 
 body of Maraitas and Maiflbreans rode in between us 
 and them, fo that our attention was afterwards fuf- 
 ficiently taken up in fecuring our return to camp, 
 which we efteded without difhculty, though they made 
 
 two 
 
1753- ON THE Coast OF COROM ANDEL. 97 
 
 two or three briik attacks; but our men had been 
 long accuftomed to preferve their fire : and as our 
 cannon were well ferved, the cavalry thought proper 
 to retire. Their lofs on this occafion was not incon- 
 fiderabie : amongft the rejft a nephew of Morarow, 
 called Ballapa, was killed. He commanded the Ma- 
 -ratta-^, as their ^hief was yet in the Arcot province. 
 I had known this young man when he was on our fide, 
 a yourh of great Ipirit and courage, and an excellent 
 horfeman. His body being found in the field, was 
 fent back in my pallankeen to his friends : a rerpe(fl 
 I thought juftly due to fo gallant an officer ; and they 
 were very thankful for the favour. He was fhot by 
 one of our grenadiers, being advanced fo near us that 
 he cut one of our men in the ranks, tho' accompanied 
 by only four horfemen. Had all the reft behaved 
 with the like relblution, we fhould have found much 
 more difficulty in our return to camp. Thus was 
 this great objed of the war again faved by our fuccefs, 
 but the numbers of the enemy were fo great, that a 
 vidory or two more would have left all my men on 
 the plains of Trichinopoly. I therefore thought in 
 earneft of a reinforcement, efpecially as the neigh- 
 bourhood of the enemy, with their large body of ca- 
 valry, began to make my ftay on the plain very incon- 
 venient, without horfe to oppofe them. The Nabob 
 and I determined to move towards Tanjore, to try 
 what our pretence would do with the King, and if 
 poffible perfuade him to fend the troops he fo often 
 promiled, to our affiflance. We marched the 2d 
 of July and encamped at a place called Conander- 
 coile, half-way between Trichinopoly and Tanjore. 
 I chofe this road rather for fecurity, than fhortnels; 
 it being moft of the way through thick woods, and 
 fafe from the cavalry. There we halted till we receiv- 
 ed intelligence from Mr. Park, that he had prevailed 
 on the King to fend out Monagee his general at the 
 
 G head 
 
98 N A R R A T I V E OF THE W A R 1753. 
 
 head of 3000 horfe, and 2000 fepoys, to join us, 
 which was compleated in ten days. 
 
 Some of our fhips at this time being arrived on the 
 coaft from England with recruits, a detachment of 
 170 men, and fome fepoys were ordered to march 
 and reinforce us, under the command of lieutenant 
 Repington, who joined us on the 3d of Augull, and 
 on the fifth we fet out for Trichinopoly in company 
 with the King's horfe, commanded by Monagee. The 
 enemy at this time alfo received a reinforcement, and 
 were in battalion fuperior -, however, as Trichinopoly 
 was ill fupplied and diftrefled, we were obliged to 
 march. On the 7th we arrived atDolaways * Choul- 
 try, about ten miles eaft of the town. A heavy rain 
 falling kept us there the next day ; but the ninth, in 
 the morning, we began our m.arch, with a convoy of 
 fome thoufands of bullocks, laden with provifions. 
 By the fignals made from the Obfervatory, on the 
 top of the rock of Trichinopoly, we were given to un- 
 derftand that the enemy feemed determined to op- 
 pofe us ; and by the fame fignals we were enabled 
 to judge of their difpofition, which we loon di ("cover- 
 ed more plainly as we advanced. They had ex- 
 tended themfelves from the French Rock to the Gol- 
 den Rock ; at each of which fome of their infantry 
 was ported. At the Sugar Loaf, as between both, 
 and readied to oppofe us, if we attempted to pafs, 
 was their battalion, with the artillery planted to ad- 
 vantage. All the cavalry was between thefe rocks, 
 and in different parties, forming a chain, and waiting 
 our motions. In confequence of this difpofition of 
 the enemy, I ordered our march. Our provifions and 
 baggage on the left flank with the Nabob, Monagee, 
 
 and 
 
 * An open houfe for all travellers, the fame as a Turkifii Ca- 
 ravanferai. A Bramin refides always in, or near it, who keeps it 
 clean, and provides water. He is maintained by an endowment 
 from the founder of the charity. On moll publick roads there 
 is a Choultry every five or fix miles. 
 
1753- ON THE COAST OF C OR O M ANDEL. 99 
 
 and the Tanjore troops. Half our fepoys in front, 
 and after them, a party of Europeans, and an ad- 
 vanced guard to the fiift divjfion of artillery. After 
 them followed the battalion, and in their rear my fe- 
 cond divifion of guns, fiipported by a piquet ; the 
 other half of our fepoys brought up the rear of the 
 whole. 
 
 As my intention was to avoid an engagement, if 
 polTible, having fo large a convoy under my care, I 
 diretled the march fo as to be out of the reach of their 
 guns, intending to go round by the Golden Rock. 
 This put their whole body in motion ; they detached 
 a party of their battalion to reinforce that poft, where 
 they had a great many fepoys, their main body alfo 
 made a motion to fupport them, and attack us as we 
 came round. Finding it impoliible to avoid an acfti- 
 on, I refolved to prevent that party's reinforcing the 
 other on the Pock ; and fince we were obliged to en- 
 gage, I refolved to difpoilefs the enemy, as the gaining 
 of that poft would give me an advantage. I therefore 
 ordered the grenadiers, the picquet, and our advan- 
 ced fepoys to pu(h for it ; their party did the fame to 
 fupport it, but not with the fame vigour or fpirit, for 
 we out-marched them, and drove oft the party which 
 were in pofleliion. On this, their advanced party hal- 
 ted, and prefently after the whole body, which had 
 moved but a little wav from the Sugar- Loaf Rock to 
 fupport them. When our whole force had reached 
 the Golden Rock, I ordered our baggage in the rear 
 of it, unwilling to expofe them to the cannonade, and 
 our cavalry to ftay by, and fecure it j being determin- 
 ed to attack the enemy, and if poffible, to drive 
 them out of the field, for without it we could not 
 finifli our march. As I have faid before, the firfl par- 
 ty of the enemy had halted between the two rocks, 
 but imprudently, nearer to us a good deal than to their 
 own body. So favourable an opportunity was not to 
 be loft. I'he picquet, grenadiers, and four platoons 
 
 G 2 were 
 
100 N A RR ATI VE OF THE WAR 1753. 
 
 were immediately ordered to attack them, and ac- 
 cording to their fuccefs, I was ready to move with 
 the remainder, either to fupport, if repulfed, or to 
 join, and pufh the advantage to their main body, by 
 driving on them their beaten party. Our artillery was 
 pofted clear of the flanks of the party, as they 
 marched, to keep the cavalry at a diflance. The 
 officer who was ordered for the attack, inrtead of fol- 
 lowing my orders, fent me word, he could not execute 
 them without cannon, and that he was halted, wait- 
 ing for it. The leafl delay was fufficientfor the ene- 
 my to fee their blunder, and in confequence to repair 
 it, by moving up to their party, which would oblige 
 me to do the fame ; and by this means, the affair 
 might become more equal, and indeed with more ad- 
 vantage on their fide, as they were fuperior. On this 
 melTage I left the main body, and galloped to the 
 head of the party, and there ordered him back to the 
 pod I had left, defiring him to leave this with me. 
 Captain Kirk, at the head of the grenadiers, captain 
 Killpatrick with the picquet, and myfelf at the head 
 of four platoons, marched on, the line keeping in 
 admirable order, in fpiteof a very fmart fire from the 
 enemy's artillery, which coll; us fome men, and in 
 particular captain Kirk, who was killed at the head of 
 his favourite grenadiers. The brave fellov/s, by 
 whom he was much beloved, could not fee his death 
 without fome emotion. Captain Killpatrick, who 
 faw him fall, and his men at a ftand, immediately 
 put himfelf at their head, and defired them, if they 
 Ibved their captain, to follow him, and revenge his 
 death. Thefe things on the fpot have generally a ve- 
 ry great efFeCl, when delivered from a perfon, whofe 
 fpirit and courage is known 1 the fellows, roufed in an 
 iiiflant, fwore after their manner, they would follow 
 him to ; and in that difpofition attacked the ene- 
 my, who were unable to ftand the fhock. The main 
 body feeing our fuccefs, (according to the diredions T 
 
 had 
 
1-753- °^ ^^^ COAST OF COROMANDEL. lor 
 
 had left) marched to fupport us, and purfned the 
 blow.- The enemy at lafl moved to the afliflance of 
 their party ; but too late. The bril'knefs of the at- 
 tack, gave no time for rallying, but on the contrary, 
 the pannick fpreading through the whole, the batalli- 
 on did not even ftay to give or receive a fire, but ran 
 off in great confulion, round the Golden Rock, and 
 away to the Five Rocks. To increafe their diflrefs, 
 our rear divifion of guns which we had left at that 
 pod, with mofl of our fepoys, and cavalry, to fecure 
 our baggage and provifions, cannonaded them fevere- 
 ly in their retreat ; and had the Tanjore horfe done 
 their duty, few could have efcaped. The Tanjore 
 chief alledged that he was afraid to leave the convoy, 
 expofed to their large body of cavalry, which remain- 
 ed in good order, and conflantly near us ; but 
 this was but a bad excufe, for orders had been 
 fent him, on the enemy's retreat, to purfue, and 
 we were marching back to fecure the convoy. The 
 enemy, who were encamped almoft in the order in 
 which they drew up to oppofe my march, ftruck their 
 tents at the beginning of the attack, and left us little 
 elfe on the field of battle befides their killed and 
 wounded, with three pieces of cannon. We had not 
 more than 40 men killed and wounded ; the enemy 
 above an hundred. 
 
 I cannot help mentioning one particular circum- 
 ftance in this affair, to fhew the extraordinary behavi- 
 our of the French; the boys with my palankeen had 
 ftraggled a little out of the hne of march, and were 
 picked up by the Marattas. It was the fame in v/hich 
 I had fent back the body of Morarow's nephew : I 
 therefore defi red the Maratta chief to return it, and I 
 would pay the price to the horfemen who had taken 
 it ; but the French had got it out of their hands, and 
 would not fuffer them to fend it back, but carried it to 
 Pondichery, where, by Mr. Dupleix's order, it was 
 carried about the town in triumph. At the fame time 
 G 3 it 
 
102 N ARR A TI VE OF THE W AR 1753. 
 
 it was reported that I was killed, and that we had 
 loft the victory, of which the palankeen was a tro- 
 phy. 
 
 The enemy retreated to AUetore, very near the 
 head of the ifland. The two next days were employ- 
 ed in putting provifions into the fort •, when that was 
 done, we marched and encamped at the Five Rocks, 
 which was in their rear-, upon which they retreated 
 to * Moutehillenour, and in fo great a hurry, that they 
 left behind them a nine pounder, and fome ammuni- 
 tion. Elmiferam furrendered the i ith to Monagee. 
 The ftrength of the ground they occupied, made it 
 impnfiible for us to attack them ; befides, they re- 
 ceived in the mean time a reinforcement of Europeans 
 from Pondichery -, and Morarow returned to them 
 witli all the reft of his cavalry. We then marched to 
 cover our convoys from Tanjore, which their fuperi- 
 or numbers of cavalry made it difficult to bring in. 
 Several of our parties were attacked ; in particular 
 one on the 28 th, by a large _body of Marattas, and 
 MaifTore horfe. They came fo near the picquet, 
 which was fent to the fupport of the convoy, that the 
 foldiers in the front rank vvounded fome of the horfe 
 with their bayonets, and yet, by not parting with 
 their fire, brought in the convoy fafe. 
 
 A number of our men falling Tick, by the badnefs 
 of the water, we moved our camp to the French Rock 
 the I ft of September, The enemy made a motion 
 alio upon thi.s and encamped with the Sugar-Loaf en 
 their right, and the Golden Rock on their left. . We 
 were joined in this camp by another reinforcement 
 from the fettlement, commanded by captain Ridge, 
 wiih fome men and officers from Europe, about 150 
 Europeans, and 300 fepoys. This gave us great fpi- 
 rits, and determined us to attack the enemy. Our 
 neceflities indeed obliged us to it. We had a fcarcity 
 of every thing in camp, not above three days provifi- 
 ons, 
 
 * Sifuated upon the river, about kven or eight miles from 
 Trichinopoly. 
 
1753- ON THE COAST OF COROM ANDEL. 103 
 
 ons, and no convoys could come without the rifque of 
 an engagement. I thought it more advifeable, there- 
 fore, by attacking them, to engage while I could be 
 raafter of my own difpofition. Having refrefhed the 
 troops with two or three days reft, we moved nearer 
 the enemy •, and in order that they might imagine the 
 motion v/as made only to try if they would decamp 
 on my approach, I fent to Trichinopoly for an eigh- 
 teen pounder, and with it cannonaded their camp, as 
 if \A/e meant no more than to make them uneafy. 
 
 The following was the enemy's difpofition, and my 
 order of attack for the next morning. As I have faid 
 before, they were encamped with the Sugar-Loaf 
 Rock on their right, having thrown up intrenchments 
 in their front and rear, but none on the left, where 
 were pofted the Maiflbreans and Marattas, extending 
 almoft to the Golden Rock, on which they had a par- 
 ty of 1500 fepoys, 100 Europeans, and two gun^. 
 Our battalion of 600 rank and file was ordered into 
 three divifions ; to march in the rear of each other, 
 juft at a proper diftanceto form the line when neceir 
 fary. Our fepoys followed in the rear, to the right 
 and left of the divifions, and the Nabob and Mona- 
 gee with the cavalry brought up the whole, our can- 
 non being divided on our flanks. 
 
 September 21ft at four in the morning, we march- 
 ed dire<5tly forward to the Golden Rock. Our front 
 divifion, which was according- to cuftom, compofed 
 of the grenadiers, picquet, and two platoons were or- 
 dered to attack it briikly. The enemy were fo much 
 furprized, that even they forgot to fire their two pieces 
 of cannon, which were loaded with grape ; and their 
 infantry, fg great was their pannick, fired without any 
 order, little to our prejudice. We got pofTeffion of 
 the rock in an inftant. No time was loft to increale 
 the confufion thefe runaways muft create. After dif- 
 mounting the two pieces of cannon, and our front di- 
 vifion again being formed, we marched on in the fame 
 order for the French battalion. A,s I wifhed and ex- 
 G 4 pected. 
 
104 NARRATIVE OF THE WAR 1753. 
 
 pected, the beaten party carried their conriiTion to the 
 black troops in camp, who in crowds ran for fafety to- 
 wards the French, and increafed their diforder. The 
 enemy foon perceived by the runaways -where they 
 might expec\ our attack, and in conlequence alfo 
 found out that their intrehchments were of no ufe, 
 wiiich obliged them to form oppofite to where we were 
 marching. In this fituation we palled the Black camp 
 eafily, and were with the French in lefs than half an 
 hour. The day then began to dawn : Their cannon 
 fired very brilkly, as we approached -, but, I fuppofe, 
 in the hurry, they forgot to point them, fo little da- 
 mage did we receive. We found them drawn up ra- 
 ther on our right, and ftill inclining that way, 
 with an intention, I luppofed, to fall on the flanks ot 
 our divifions. As a large body of their fepoys were 
 pofted on their left, I fent orders to ours on the right 
 in my rear, to move up equal with the right of my 
 firft divifion to oppofe theirs, and fecure that flank. 
 We formed our line as we marched, and attacked as 
 we formed. Our right foon drove their left, and our 
 center and rear divifions, the right and center of their 
 line. Another body of their fepoys, in poiTeflion of 
 the Sugar-Loaf Rock were routed by our divifion of 
 fepoys, on the left of my laft divifion. In fhort the 
 afl'air was foon decided every where : they attempted 
 to rally, and make a (land again, near a little breaft- 
 work, but were quickly obliged to abandon it, leav- 
 ing behind them their camp ftanding, all their artille- 
 ry, (eleven pieces of cannon, with their commandant 
 Mr. Aftruc) and nine officers prifoners, and about 100 
 men killed and wounded on the field of battle, and al- 
 moft as many prifoners. In this adion we had 70 men 
 and fix officers killed and wounded. I received a 
 Ihght wound in my arm, and captain Killpatrick a 
 flioc through his body ; concluding it mufl be mortal, 
 he would not permit any of his people to flay by 
 him, but fent them on to join their company in the 
 purfuit of the enemy. Some flraggling Maratta horfe 
 
 came 
 
1753- ON THE COAST OF COR OMANDEL. 105 
 
 came up in the mean time, according to cuftom, 
 cut him with their fabres as they paffed, which would 
 have been repeated by others, but the furgeon by ac- 
 cident feeing him in that danger, ftaid and proteded 
 him, till the fuccefs of the day cleared the field of 
 the enemy. The garrifon made a fally, and picked 
 up feveral prifoners, who were making their eicape 
 over the river to the ifland, where they at laft colletSled 
 their fcattered army, leaving us mafters of the plain, 
 and an open communication. The Nabob's cavalry 
 were few ; but had our Tanjore horfe behaved as 
 they ought, we muft have deftroyed many more of 
 the French battalion. Nor had they now any excufe 
 as formerly, the enemy's horfe having kept their di- 
 ftance on our firfh attack in the morning ; but the 
 Tanjoreans were too bufy in plundering the camp to 
 think of a purfuit. We had not fufficient force to 
 follow the blow on the ifland, but were obliged to reft 
 contented with our fuccefs, and endeavour to perfuade 
 the Kmg of Tanjore and Tondeman, to make ufe 
 of this favourable opportunity to throw in provifi- 
 ons. 
 
 The enemy had left a party at Weyaconda, winch 
 we were obliged to attack, and batter in breach. The 
 breach was fcarce pradicable, when our (epoys per- 
 ceiving the enemy (iealing off by another gate, clam- 
 bered up as well as they could, and cut the garrifon 
 to pieces ; it confifted of two hundred Black infantry. 
 Upon this we marched and encamped at the French 
 Rock, and difpatched an officer to the King of Tan- 
 jore, to haften the important article of provifions, 
 who fucceeded in part, and we got ftores for three 
 months into the place. 
 
 The monfoon feafon coming on, it was high time 
 to think of cantoning our troops. The Nabob and I 
 therefore fixed upon Koiladdy, about fifteen miles eaft 
 of Trichinopoly, as it commands the pafs on the 
 ifland. We fliould have remained nearer Trichino- 
 poly, or perhaps in the town itfelf, but that would 
 
 have 
 
io6 N ARR ATI VE OF THE W AR 1754, 
 
 have occafioned a very great confumption of provifi- 
 ons. Therefore after leaving a fufficient garrifon in 
 Trichinopoly and the fort of Ehniferam, we marched 
 for Koiladdy, and provided againft the fevere rains 
 which generally fall about this lealbn of the year. In 
 our cantonments we were very ficklv •, we loft fix of- 
 ficers in (>s many weeks, and a great many foldiers. 
 The Nabob continued with us, but iMonagee and the 
 Tanjore troops returned home. Being pretty well ac- 
 quainted with the nature of the people, notwithftand- 
 mg their promifes of coming back •, I v/rote to the 
 prehdency, to fend Mr, Palk, who had before fo well 
 managed for us, to keep that court firm in our irite- 
 refl, I was the more foUicitous becaufe I knew the 
 king's prime minifter was our enemy, and conflantly 
 endeavouring to keep his mafter neuter or rather a 
 feeming friend to both, and if at any time we were un- 
 fuccefsful, Succojee was fure to be in the intereft of 
 the enemy, Nanderauze fent an ambailador to the 
 king of Tanj' re making large promifes if he woui'd 
 leave us. and threatening on the contrary, if he did 
 not, that the Marattas fhould ravage and lay wafte his 
 country, and punilli him with fire and fword, and that 
 the Nabob governor, meaning Dupleix, fliould alio 
 bring down Salabatzing againft us. Succojee the 
 miniiter had been brought over to the French caufe by 
 a large bribe, and by his intrigues removed iVlonagee 
 from his mafter's favour. 
 
 The enemy remained feemingly very quiet on the 
 ifland, and had received fome reinforcements from 
 Pondichery, but none came to us from Madrafs, to 
 put on an equality. Mr. Dupleix generally obliged the 
 inhabitants of Pondichery to mount guard and do the 
 duty of the garrifon, but we could not in like man- 
 ner truft Fort St. George without regular troops. On 
 the 28 th in the morning, our out-guards reported that 
 in the night they had heard a great firing towards 
 Trichinopoly. We remained in fuipence till the even- 
 ing, when the following account came from captain 
 
 Kiilpatrick, 
 
1753- ON THE COAST OF COROM ANDEL. 107 
 
 KiJlpatrick, v/ho fucceeded captain Dalton in that 
 command. 
 
 The enemy's whole army under Mr. Maiilin eroded 
 the river the 27ih at night. Their forces were diftri- 
 buted agreeable to the different falfe attacks they were 
 to make. The real one was to be made by the French 
 battallion, on that battery, which is in the center of 
 the Weft face ; and as 1 obferved before was called 
 Dalton's battery. They had 800 men, 600 were to 
 efcalade, and Mr. Maillin with 200 more and a body 
 of fepoys to wait the event, prepared to fecond, and 
 join the firft party, when they had got over the wall. 
 At three in the morning they paffed the ditch which 
 was almofl dry. They placed their ladders, and moun- 
 ted to the Number of 600 on the battery, without in- 
 terruption, or the leaft alarm in the garrifon. The 
 guard appointed for the battery was of 50 fepoys, with 
 their officers and two European gunners. The rounds 
 had gone at twelve o'clock, and found them prefent, 
 and alert. However when the French came they were 
 moftly abfent or with the two European gunners 
 afleep. By this time, two or three fhot were fired, 
 v/hich alarmed our piquet. The French, perfuaded 
 that firing alone would frighten the garrifon, turned 
 two of our twelve pounders on the battery, againft 
 the town, and difcharged them with a volly of fmall 
 arms, their drums beating, and the foldiers crying 
 out. Five le Roy. 
 
 Captain Killpatrick was then ill of his wounds. 
 The next officer in command came to him for his or- 
 ders. He bid him march inflandy with the picquet, 
 referve, and what fepoys were not pofted, to the place 
 where the attack was made, and to order every man 
 alfo to their refpedive Alarm Pofls, and not toftir 
 from them on pain of death. The French after their 
 difcharge, came down from the battery ; and were 
 between the two walls. There was a flight gate in 
 the inner wall, which led into the town. The man 
 
 who 
 
io8 N ARR ATI VE OF THE W AR 1753. 
 
 who was their guide knew where it was, they had two 
 petards ready to clap to it, and at the fame time to a- 
 rnufe us, another party was to efcalade the inner wall. 
 The icheme was well laid, and had not the French 
 petulance, made them too foon difcover themfelve&j 
 they perhaps might have had time to execute their 
 dehgns, and have entered the town. When our offi- 
 cer came to the place attacked, it was not eafy for 
 him todiicover the iituation of the enemy : but how- 
 ever in the hurry and confufion, he did not forget the 
 gate, on the flanks of which he pofted a number 
 of men, with plenty of ammunition, to fire from 
 thence incelTantly, whether they heard or 'faw any 
 thing of the enemy or not. And luckily he did, for 
 the guide and petardier were found killed within ten 
 yards of the g-^te. The efcaladers had fo far fucceed- 
 ed in their defign as to have fixed ladders againft the 
 inner wall, and began to mount. The commanding 
 officer of this party, preceeded by his drummer were the 
 firft perfons who attempted to enter, in which the lat- 
 ter loft lire life, and the officer receiving a lliot and cut 
 at the fame time, was pulled within the town. The 
 frequent flallies of fire, occafioned by the brifknefs of 
 the attack and defence, were the only guide our artil- 
 lery officer had to direct the pointing of his guns ^ 
 with which he fo well fucceeded, having loaded them 
 with grape, as to fhatter the ladders, kill a number 
 of men and entirely difappoint their well concerted 
 fcheme. They now only thought of making their 
 efcape, or fcreening themlelves from our fire. This 
 firft was impraifticable, their ladders being moftly dc- 
 ftroyed, and they within the firft wall : yet fome at- 
 tempted leaping off the battery, into the ditch, but 
 the greater number lay hid under the parapet. The 
 long wiflied for day at laft came and dilcovered 
 where the enemy were, who made ufe alio of the light 
 to beg for quarter, which was granted them. They 
 
 loft 
 
1753- ON THE COAST OF COROMANDEL. 109 
 
 loft in that affair * 364 Europeans taken prifoners, 65 
 of which were wounded. Eight officers alfo prifoners, 
 and moft of them wounded, befides forty private, and 
 one officer killed, and they acknowledged themfelves 
 that many more were wounded, or lamed, who were 
 carried off to the ifland. We found two petards, one 
 as I faid before, with the petardier within ten yards 
 of the gate, the other at a little diftance from it. 
 
 I gave orders for marching the next day, but firfl 
 fent a reinforcement to captain Killpatrick, as the 
 number of his prifoners was much greater than his 
 European garrifon, and the enemy threatened the 
 place with another general affault. We arrived at 
 the French Rock without oppofition, the enemy keep- 
 ing clofe to the ifland. 
 
 The king of Tanjore after a great many difficulties, 
 fent out Ibme of his troops to Tricatapoly ; eighteen 
 miles from Trichinopoly, and made no fmall merit of 
 what he had done, for the Nabob. But the truth was, 
 he had certain intelligence, that the enemy were for- 
 ming a party of Marattas, to enter his country, and 
 he therefore prepared to oppofe them. Succogee had 
 fo effectually irritated the king againft Monagee, that 
 the command of the troops was given to Gauderow, 
 an officer of no fkill or judgment, but a creature of 
 Succogee's, and uncle to the king. W'e defired that 
 Monagee might be fent, well knowing his merit as a 
 foldier, and his ftrong attachments to the common 
 caufe, which he always thought his matter's intereft. 
 On our writing preffingly for him. Succogee repreiented 
 to the king that Monagee was too much in our intereft 
 not to be fufpeded, and that it was poffible, with our 
 afliftance, he might endeavour to make himfelf too 
 
 powerful. 
 
 * It may ferve as a fpeclmen of Mr. Dupleix's manner of rela- 
 ting thele affairs, both in his Memoire and the little Hiftory which 
 he caufed to be publifhed in the year 1757, to cite the following 
 words from the Memoire, where fpeaking of this lofs of fo large a 
 party of Europeans, he fays, Jl fallut done fe rctirer et meme ai'tc 
 \erte. 
 
no N ARR AT I VE OF THE WAR 1754. 
 
 povverfu!. Being acquainted with this, I was oblie,ed 
 to defift even from mentioning Monagee's name, or 
 the confequcnce might have been fatal to him. Not 
 to drive things therefore to extremities, I wrote to the 
 king that he might (end whom he pleafed to com- 
 mand his troops^ I was latisfied. 
 
 Thus ended the year J 753, in which had we been 
 able to purfue our fortune, our advantages would have 
 been real : but inftead of it our fucceffes were only a 
 refpite, and v/e foon had the fame to go over again, 
 having, however, the confolation to think we had 
 done all v?e could againft fo great a fuperiority. A 
 fuperiority indeed which I am often afhamed to men- 
 tion, for fear my veracity fliould be called in quefti- 
 on. 
 
 Mr Bufiy with his army was ftill attending and fup- 
 porting Salabatzing to the northward. Shaw Abadin 
 Cawn the fon of Gauzedy Cawn, who had been ap- 
 pointed by the Mogul prince of the Deckan, had too 
 much employment on his hands, as chief BuclTieeof 
 the empire, to think at that time of m^aking good his 
 pretenfions. 
 
 The latter end of this year the Mogul Shaw Hamet 
 was depofed, and fucceeded by Allum Geer. This • 
 change was occafioned by the foUowii^i^ event The 
 Mogul fent Shaw Abadin Cawn, the BucQiee, at the 
 head of 90000 horie, to fupprels an irruption of the 
 Rafhpoots, who are reckoned the beft foldiers in Indo- 
 ftan. hi this expedition he fucceeded, bat on his re- 
 turn to Delly, an uncle of his taking the advantage of 
 hisabfence, perfua'ded the Mogul that he had always 
 been his enemy, and intended making ufeofhis army 
 to dethrone him. The Mogul was the eafier perfuad- 
 ed, as the Bucfhee had obtained the poft he enjoyed, 
 more through power than favour, and had ever fpoke 
 freely of the Mogul's diflblute way of life, which was 
 generally fpent in debauchery. It was therefore agreed, 
 that Shaw Abadin Cawn fhould be put to death, but 
 as they rightly judged it could not be done openly, the 
 
 fol- 
 
1753. ON 'THE Coast of CORO M ANDE L. hi 
 following fcheme was laid for the execution of their de- 
 
 fign. 
 
 The Mogul went out of Delly, at the head of 
 25000 horfe, in order as he faid to do honour to Shaw 
 Abadia Cawn, and reward him for his iervices. At 
 their meeting, the blow was to have been ftruck. The 
 Bucfhee having intelligence of all that pafled, came 
 readily to meet the Mogul, but brought with him 
 30000 Marattas ; v/ho in cafe of any attempt were to 
 protect him. The Mogul's party hearing that fuch 
 precautions were taken, not knowing what might be 
 the confequence, and afraid to offend a man fo pow- 
 erfully fupported, difbanded and returned to Delly, 
 leaving their fovereign almoft without attendants : who 
 therefore immediately followed his troops. Whether 
 Shaw Abadin Cawn thought this a favourable oppor- 
 tunity to dethrone a man who was a fcandal to the 
 dignity of the throne ; or whether it was the refult of 
 a premeditated defign, he followed the Mogul, enter- 
 ed Delly, and went immediately to the palace, where 
 after making his obeifance, and fitting down a little 
 while at the Durbar with the Mogul, he ordered his 
 people to feize on and imprifon him ; he then.affem- 
 bled the Omrahs *, placed on the throne, Allum 
 Geer a near relation to the late Mogul. The depofed 
 Prince, according to the cruel policy of their govern- 
 ment was immediately deprived of his fight. 
 
 The Marattas as they had threatened, flipped by 
 Gauderow, who was encamped on the frontiers, en- 
 tered the Tanjore country, and began according to 
 culom to plunder and burn the villages, cut the grain, 
 and drive off the catde. The king prelTed by necef- 
 fity, found at laft, that nobody but Monagee, could 
 puta flop to the mifchief. He applied alfo to me, but 
 
 the 
 
 * Privy counfellors, men of the firft dignity and family in the 
 empire. They are under the Vizir, but are molliy concerned in all 
 the revolutions of the ftate : and commonly their interell eleds and 
 depofcs the Moguls. 
 
112 NARR A TI VE OF THE WAR 1754. 
 
 the violent rains had fo fwelled the rivers between us, 
 and the roads were fo bad that it was impoflible tor 
 us to move. Monagee came out of Tanjore, with 
 what troops he could raife, and Gauderow had orders 
 to join him, and give up the command. Monagee 
 came up wnth the Marattas on the 4th of January, 
 dr€w them into an ambufcade, took from them 800 
 horfc, and made a great many prifoners, and cut to 
 pieces the remainder of the party. I flattered my- 
 lelf fuch a piece of fervice, might reinflate our friend 
 Monagee, and reftore him to favour, and that after 
 fo much fuccefs, perhaps he would join me, but I was 
 grearly miftaken. On his return to Tanjore, he was 
 very gracioufly received, but told at the fame time, 
 that the^nemy being now fubdued, there was no fur- 
 ther occafion for his fervice ; and coniequently the 
 troops were difbanded. All this was the effc(5l of Suc- 
 cogce's envy, which increafed in proportion with the 
 other's merit. He perfuaded the king, that keeping 
 up troops was too heavy an expence ; that the Englifh 
 would do the reft, that it was our bufinefs to fight 
 and not his, who hadjuft gained a glorious vidory, 
 v.ith which he might ht down in fafety and con- 
 tent. 
 
 During this time the two governors, . Mr. Saunders 
 and Dupleix were endeavouring to negociate. After 
 many altercations, and a tedious correfpondence, it 
 was agreed on between them to fend commiffaries 
 from each nation, and hold a congrefs at Sadrafs *, 
 at which place matters might more eafily be adjufled. 
 Accordingly commiifaries were appointed. Thofe on 
 our fide were Mr. Palk and Mr. Vanfittart ; on theirs 
 the father L'Avaur, fuperior general of the Jefuits in 
 India, and Mellieurs De Kerjean and De Bauffet, who 
 aflembled at Sadrafs in January. 
 
 We 
 
 * A Dutch feulement fituated between Madrafs and Pondlche- 
 
1754- ON THE COAST OF C O R O M A N D E L. 113 
 
 We propofed for the bafis of the treaty, the Nabob 
 being acknowledged, and the king of Tanjore to re- 
 main in peaceable poffeflion of his country. But their 
 propofals in anfwer to ours were as follows : 
 
 ift, The reflitutionof the French prifoners. 
 
 2dly, That Madrafs, which ufed to pay to the 
 Duan of Arcot, 4000 pagodas yearly, fhould be in- 
 dependent, and all our arrears forgiven. 
 
 gdly, That the company fhould be lawfully entitled 
 to Ponamalley and all its dependencies. 
 
 4thly, That the Nabob fhould have feme eftablifh- 
 ment elfewhere, if the preliminaries were recei- 
 ved, and that his differences with the MaifToreans, 
 with regard to Trichinopoly, fhould be reconcil- 
 ed. 
 
 5thly, That the Englifli fhould evacuate all the 
 places taken from the French, to whom they belong- 
 ed, whether by grant or conquefl:, as well as all the 
 places in the Carnatick, without oppofmg the difpofiti- 
 on and arrangement of Salabatzing, who had an un- 
 doubted right, and who had aflociated the Marquis 
 Dupleix in the government of the Deckan. Such 
 were Mr Dupleix's propofals. 
 
 It has been before faid, that Mr. Dupleix would 
 willingly make the world believe he had received 
 grants from the Mogul and Salabatzing appointing him 
 governor from the river Kriftna to Cape Comorin, 
 and as fuch he was proclaimed in the ufual form. In 
 confequence of this pretended authority, thefc articles 
 were made. But an unlucky miflake proved it all to 
 be a forgery. The French commifl'aries came equip- 
 ped with what they called Des pieces authentiques 
 
 H from 
 
114 N AR R ATI VE OF THE W AR 1754, 
 
 fi'om the Mogul, and other officers under him, con- 
 ftituting and appointing Mr. Dupleix governor ge- 
 neral from the river Kriftna to the lea, and the 
 French commilTaries agreed (left our gentlemen 
 fnould doubt it) they (liould examine, and take co- 
 pies of thefe grants. 
 
 A Perfian interpreter was fent for, from whom they 
 learned tiiat the (even firft faneds or grants were only 
 copies, though produced as originals : to which the 
 In'ench commilTaiies anlwered, that Mr. Dupleix kept 
 the originals at Pondichery, and if required, they 
 fhould be fent for ; but that thefe papers, attefted by 
 a Caudy *, were of equal validity, Thiscaufed fome 
 difpute, but our gentlemen dropt it; and on further 
 examination it appeared to Mr. Vanfittart (who un- 
 derftood enough of the Perfian language) to be a falle 
 feal fixed to the faned, called the Mogul's, the firfc 
 having no date i". On that the French immediately 
 objeded to our proceeding any further ; for unlefs we 
 could produce Nazirzing's faneds to the Nabob, they 
 could not admit of thteirs being copied. We told them, 
 that Nazirzing fupporting him, was a fufficient faned 
 in his favour. That it was their firil propofal, as well 
 as Mr. Dupleix' s, all along to Mr. Saunders, to begin 
 with an exammation of their own faneds, and we 
 could not help being furprized at their declining it, 
 after fome copies had been taken. That pieces of (b 
 publick a nature, we apprehended, might be expofed 
 to all the world. But we could not help remarking, 
 that the firft of thofe faneds was without date ; and 
 the only original they produced, et le plus authentique, 
 as it is termed, was a manifcft forgery ; for it had no 
 t chop of the Mogul or his Vizier ; it had no fign 
 
 manual, 
 
 * Caudv a perfon who adminifters juftice, and by whom copies 
 of all public papers are attelled. 
 
 f Mr. Dupleix is filent on this Aibjed in his Memoire. 
 
 :{: A fmaller Teal on which is engraved the name of the Mogol. 
 Every grant is generally authenticated, not only wiih this feal of 
 the Mogul, but alfo that of his Vizleis. 
 
1754- ON THE Coast of COROMANDEL. ir^ 
 
 manual, and from other manifefl: tokens, it was evi- 
 dent that it had been borrowed from fome old faned, 
 efpeciallyas the number 3 is annexed to it, which was 
 the third year o'^ the reign of the laft Mogul. 
 
 I have dwelt fo long on this affair, only to give an 
 idea of what fhuffling condud Mr. Dupleix was capa- 
 ble, in order to carry a point, and Ihew a real caufe 
 why the congrefs came to nothing. The commiflaries 
 were recalled on each fide, and the war as likely to 
 continue as ever. 
 
 We remained near Trichinopoly, and the enemy 
 on the ifland, but they were well fituated, having a 
 large body of cavalry, and the river fordable every 
 where to incommode us very much. All the country 
 round, after being the (eat of war for fo many years, 
 was ruined ; our provifions coming mollly from Tan- 
 jore, we were obliged to fend large parties to efcort 
 them, for the merchants with grain would not come 
 within eighteen miles of us without a party to protecfl 
 them. We were obliged aUo to fend five or fix miles 
 for firewood, while the enemy's cavalry were conti- 
 nually in motion on every fide. At that time we had 
 troops enough on the coafl", which might havejoined 
 lis, with whofe affiflance we fhould hav^e been able, at 
 leaf!:, to have proteded our convoys with lefs fatigue 
 and rifque, as the event too fatally (hewed. 
 
 In the month of February we fenta party for prc- 
 vifions and ftores, and for fear the enemy might at 
 laft be tempted to attack them, I made it ftronger 
 than any I before had fent. It confided of two cap- 
 tains, fix officers, and 180 men rank and file, four 
 pieces of cannon, and 800 fepoys. The command- 
 ing officer had orders, if he (aw or heard any of the 
 enemy coming to attack him, to take poft immedi- 
 ately and defend himfelf, till we could come to his af- 
 fiflance. * It will be needlefs to enter on the panicu- 
 
 H 2 lars 
 
 • They were attacked on their march from KiUycottah, and 
 
 within 
 
ii6 N ARR ATI VE OF THE W AR 1754 
 
 larsof this affair, as one can hardly do it without 
 blaming, at leaft pitying the commanding officer, who 
 is llnce dead, and who certainly, from his mifcondud, 
 lofl his party ; and what dill added to the misfortune, 
 our brave company of grenadiers, who had ever beha- 
 ved well, and luccefsfully, were amongft rhem. They 
 were either taken, or cut to pieces, and both their of- 
 ficers killed. In this unhappy affair, 134 men were 
 prifoners, 100 of which were wounded. Of the eight 
 officers four were killed, and three wounded, one only 
 efcaping ; our four pieces of cannon, and about 7000I. 
 in money, with a large convoy of provifions fell into 
 the hands of the enemy. The party was attacked by 
 120 French infantry, two companies of deferters about 
 the fame number, the French troop of about 80, 
 6000 fepoys, all the Maiffore cavalry, and the Marat- 
 tas, who came in at the latter end of the fray, in all 
 about 1 0000, and feven pieces of cannon. 
 
 We began our march to their relief, but too late, 
 as they had not followed the propofed difpofition, and 
 particulai ly had not taken poll agreeable to their or- 
 ders, but endeavoured to march on, covering their 
 convoys vvith their force ib divided and feparated, 
 that they were not able to fupport each other, fo that 
 the cavalry, who faw their confufion, had an eafy 
 conqueft, and not much more than the buhnefs of a 
 minute to cut them to pieces, which was the fate of 
 every man, except rhofe whom the French troops fa- 
 ved, and even of thefe there were few who did not 
 bear marks of their defeat. This was a moft heavy 
 ffrokeupon our little handful of men, above a third, 
 and I cannot help repeating it, our bell troops, for fo 
 with realbn I reckoned our grenadiers, who had al- 
 ways behavtd fo well on every occahon where bravery 
 and refolittion were to be fhewn. Soon 
 
 within a mile of that place. There was a viilage bcfove them cal- 
 Jed Coutapara, a little below Elmiferam. The men who were at 
 that polt on the attack, fecuied the village tor our people with 
 fome fepoys; and had they been in a body, and piiflied for it, 
 agreeable to their orders, the enemy could not have hint them. 
 
1754' ON THE COAST OF COROM ANDEL, 117 
 
 Soon after this misfortune we received intelligence, 
 that one of the Nabob's brothers, Mauphus Cawn, 
 was in the Arcot province, and marching to our alli- 
 ftance with 2000 horfe, which determined me to try 
 every method to maintain my ground fome time lon- 
 ger, and to leave a party of 180 men, which was at 
 Davecotah, to llrengthen Mauphus Cawn, who want- 
 ed fome Europeans to efcort him to camp, VVe 
 therefore opened our communication with Tonde- 
 man's country for provifions, as no merchant could 
 be perfuaded to venture the other way with grain from 
 Tanjore. The enemy continued on the illand, not 
 yet chufing to encamp on the plain •, befides, they 
 had fufFered as well as we in the laft affair. Their 
 whole attention was taken up in fchemes to furprize 
 our parties, but we fo often changed our roads, and 
 the time for bringing in our provifions, that they ne- 
 ver fucceeded. We were greatly alfifted in this by a 
 Moorman, who for his deferved merit was made 
 commander of our fepoys. 
 
 Mahomed Ifouf Cawn, commonly called the Nel- 
 loure Subadar, from the place whence he came, had 
 firft a company of fepoys in our fervice, which were 
 raifed by himfelf. He is an excellent partizan, knows 
 the country well, is brave and refolute, but cool and 
 wary in adtion. He was never fparing of himfelf, but 
 out upon all parties, and by his good intelligence 
 brought in provifions to keep us tolerably well fupj. lied. 
 He is born a foldier, and better of his colour I never 
 (aw in the country. 
 
 Mr. Palk, who was now at Tanjore, found affairs, 
 juft as I had reprefented them : Monagee a pri loner, 
 the King difficult of accefs, and his minifter llrong =n 
 the Maiffore intereft, oppofing all our meafures, and 
 ever throwing in obftacles to prevent Mr. Palk's fee- 
 ing his mafter ; and when, after fome days, he was 
 admitted to an audience, he found the King wavering 
 and irrefoluie, one hour feemingly convinced by his 
 
 H a aro;u- 
 
iiS N AR R A TI VE OF THE W AR 1754. 
 
 arguments, the next liflening to, and approving of 
 Snccogee, and upon the whole determining nothing. 
 Add to all thefe difliculties another, which as we did 
 not fufpedl it, was the mod dangerous. It was no leis 
 than the treachery of onr hnguifl, who of courle was 
 acquainted, and knew all our defigns and motions. 
 This man being in treaty with Nanderauze, difcover- 
 ed to him all he knew of our affairs. It was a moft 
 intricate piece of villainy, and with no fmall difficulty 
 traced to the bottom, fo carefully had the fellow laid his 
 fchemes. When thefacl was proved againft him, he 
 was blown away from the mouth of a cannon, the 
 common punifhment of traitors. 
 
 In thi> fnuation did we remain till fome time in 
 May, ftill waiting for Mauphus Cawn, and in hopes 
 that his coming would determine the King of Tanjore 
 to return to our alliance ; but another accident helped 
 to bring it about more effedually. On the i 2th of 
 May, I fent a party out in the morning to take poft 
 on the plain, and wait for a convoy of provifions from 
 Tondeman's country. The party was commanded 
 by a difcreet and gallant officer, captain Caillaud, 
 who u'ith 120 men, two guns, and 500 (epoys march- 
 ed from camp about four o'clock in the morning. The 
 Nelloure Subadar, who was in the front of his ad- 
 vanced party, on getting over a little rifing ground, 
 was furprilcd by his horfe neighing, who was imme- 
 diately anfwered by many others. When he got to 
 the top of the bank, he difcovered a part of the ene- 
 my pofbed ; the French troop in particular, who 
 mounted on his appearing, firil difcharging their car- 
 bines, on hearing which captain Caillaud halted, for- 
 med his party, and rode up to his advanced guard. 
 He met the Nelloure Subadar, who told him, the 
 enemy were on the road, and had pofted themfelves, 
 2S well as he could diftinguilhi, in the fame place where 
 it was intended to wait for the provifions. The ene- 
 my had a bank in their front, whigh formed a parapet, 
 and it was agreed to attack them, immediately on their 
 
 flank 
 
1754- ON THE COAST OF COROMANDEL. 119 
 
 flank, with the Europeans on one ride,and thefepoyson 
 the other. They quickly drove the enemy, and obliged 
 them to leave a tumbril of ammunition behind, and (bme 
 of their men. The poft was immediately taken, and 
 there the party waited agreeable to their orders. By 
 this time it was broad day- light, when we difcovered 
 the number of the enemy, which was much fuperior 
 to our party, even in infantry, befides all the Mai'- 
 fore cavalry. Captain Caillaud therefore employed a 
 black fellow to flip through the enemy that had fur- 
 rounded him, and ordered the provifions to return. 
 The enemy continued at a little diftance from the 
 poft, and contented themfelves with a cannonade. 
 The moment the firing was heard in the camp, the 
 little army being under arms, marched to fupport 
 the party. The whole body of the enemy were i^etn 
 likewife on the plain. Captain Polier commanded 
 (I being much indifpofed at the time, and fcarce able 
 to move out of bed.) As our diftance was lefs than 
 that of the enemy, we were firft joined. Captain 
 Caillaud having reported what he had done v/ith re- 
 gard to the provifions, it was agreed to return to 
 camp, and, if poffible, to avoid the enemy, then haf- 
 tening to cut off our retreat. 
 
 In the mornmg, one of the gun-carriages was ren- 
 dered ufelefs, by the enemy's cannonade. The fame 
 accident alfo happened to captain Polier, who not 
 caring to leave the cannon behind, fpent fome little 
 time in fixing them on fpare carriages, to bring them 
 off, this being done, they began to move, the lepoys 
 divided in front and rear. The enemy had now alfo 
 joined, and were marching down in very good order, 
 and fo near, that it was impoffible to avoid an engage- 
 ment. The French battalion, as our people marched 
 by files, was on the right flank, the fepoys in our rear, 
 and the cavalry ready to charge on the right, and 
 in front. 
 
 Our army marched on very quick to gain a more 
 advantageous piece of ground a little way before them, 
 which the moment they were in pofleflion of, the men 
 
 H 4 vverc 
 
I20 N ARR ATI V E OF THE W AR 1754. 
 
 were halted, and faced theFrench; the fepoys in the rear 
 were drav/n up fronting thofe of the enemy, to keep 
 them ofF our right flank, lb that our httle body was 
 formed in half a iquare. The fepoys on the left, 
 with one piece of cannoii, had orders to keep off the 
 cavalry. Our two remaining pieces (for we carried 
 out but five in all), were in the front of the batta- 
 lion oppofite the French. Never, I believe, were two 
 pieces better ferved l they were of the fhort fix poun- 
 ders, that take in a large quantity of grape, lo that 
 when they were near enough, every fhot took place in 
 the French battalion. The enemy were fo much gal- 
 led by the brifknefs of this cannonade, that they be- 
 gan to give way, which we faw, in fpite of all the ef- 
 forts of their officers to keep them up. The lucky 
 minute was iir. proved, by our men advancing and 
 giving them a fire, which compleated what the cannon 
 had begun, and Itfc us at liberty to finifh our retreat. 
 We fuffered moftly from their fepoys, who, though 
 they fired at a great diftance, annoyed us very much 
 in wounding our men, and moft of our officers ; 
 captain Polier received two wounds, and was obliged 
 to give up the command to the next officer, captain 
 Caillaud, who began the march on the retreat of the 
 French, and brought the party home with the two dif- 
 mounted pieces of cannon. 
 
 Our forces, that day, when joined, confifted of 
 12 platoons in battalion 360 men, 1500 fepoys ; and 
 as to our cavalrv, we had our troop of about 1 1 men, 
 and a few of the Nabob's horfe : our artillery five 
 piects of cannon, two of which were rendered un- 
 ferviceabie by the accidents before related. The 
 French had 500 Europeans, their two companies of 
 deferters, their troop of about 50, near 5000 fepoys, 
 and all the Maiflbre cavalry. About 6000 of the 
 Marattas the day before luckily crolTcd the Coleroon, 
 on fome dilpute between them and the Maiflbreans. 
 
 Our lofs m battalion was fix officers wounded out 
 of nine, 59 private men killed and wounded, and 
 
 about 
 
1754' ON THE COAST OF COROM ANDEL. 121 
 
 about 200 fepoys. The enemy's lofs was much more 
 confiderable. 
 
 I expeded the French would have encamped where 
 we had fought, which, had they done, we mufl have 
 run the chance of another battle, either to have march- 
 ed away towards Tanjore, or to have convoyed in 
 provifions ; but they luckily for us chofe to return 
 to the ifland, and our communication being open, 
 the provifions came in that night. I now deter- 
 mined to march towards Tanjore, and there wait for 
 Mauphus Cawn ; befides, I was in hopes my pre{ence 
 with an army might do fomething in favour of Mr. 
 Palk's negociations. I wrote to him, however, to ap- 
 prize the King of my intentions, and to fee how he 
 took it. While I was waiting for his anfwer, an event 
 happened v/hich made our army as welcome as we 
 could wifh. The enemy, the fecond night after our 
 engagement, took all their Europeans, 3000 fepoys, 
 and 2000 horfe, and marched away for 1 ondeman's 
 country, with an intentien to burn and deftroy every 
 thing they could, to deter that Polygar from fending 
 any more provifions. 
 
 The country people alarmed, drove all their catde, 
 and valuable effedts into the woods, where it was 
 impolfible to follow them \ and this expedition of the 
 enemy's ended in nothing, but burning a few empty 
 villages, and taking a gun of ours in the woods, 
 which the fepoys had to proted our convoys. After 
 three days they returned, but vexed at their difap- 
 pointment, and finding the King of Tanjore would 
 not declare, they loll patience, and fell furiouily upon 
 the frontiers of his country, rook Killycottah, a fort 
 on the borders, and marched to Koiladdy, which they 
 alio took, and by that means madethemlclves mafters 
 of the bank on the ifland, which carries the water into 
 the Tanjore country, and began to cut it in three or 
 four places. 
 
 In thefe circumftances, without waiting for Mr, 
 Palk's anfwer, fori knew -the King would be glad 
 
 to 
 
122 NARR A TI V E OF THE W AR 1754. 
 
 to fee us in his country to defend it. we marched im- 
 mediately to Tanjore, through Tondeman's woods, 
 dividing our force, and leaving half with captain Kill- 
 patrick in Trichinopoly. i wrote alfo for the party 
 from Davecotah to march, and meet us at Tanjore, 
 for I found that Mauphus Cawn, tor whom we waited, 
 was not moved from Arcot. On my firfl day's march, 
 as I expedled, I had a letter from the King, begging 
 me to come, and wi(hing me Joy on the late victory. 
 Mr. Palk alfo wrote to me, that things were much 
 altered in our favour fince this expedition of the 
 enemy's, and that the King had ordered his horfe 
 out under Gauderow. Mr. Palk advifed him to fend 
 his cavalry to meet us, that when joined, we might 
 foon drive the enemy out of his kingdom. Inftead of 
 that, he ordered 1200 horfe to go to Tricatapolly 
 to punifli the enemy, as he faid. 
 
 Morarow, who flill remembered the fhame of his 
 defeat, ibme months before, thouglit it now a good 
 time to be revenged of the Tanjore troops, efpecially 
 when Monagee was not at their head. He therelbre 
 crolTed the Cauvery, and at day-break fell upon Gau- 
 derow's party, who made as little refiflance as fur- 
 prifed troops commonly do: Gauderow and 200 of 
 his men only efcaped, the reft were either killed, 
 wounded, or taken pri Toners. We arrived two days 
 after this fray near Tanjore, and there met the party 
 from Davecottah, and 500 fepoys. The King came 
 out of his fort to meet me, but I was fo ill, that 
 I was obliged to fend captain Caiilaud to make 
 my apology. 
 
 The next grand point we had for Mr. Palk to 
 endeavour at, was the removal of Succogee from the 
 King, and Monagee to be reftored to favour and 
 power. The circumftances were favourable for us, 
 and Mr. Palk and captain Caiilaud managed fo fuc- 
 ceisfully, that they convinced the Tanjorean, that to 
 his minifter, and his bad counfels muft be attributed 
 all his misfortunes -, and that, had he continued flea- 
 
1754- ON THE COAST OF COROM ANDEL. 123 
 
 dy to the Nabob and the Englifh, the war might have 
 been happily finifhed, and the enemy could not have 
 dared to enter and lay wafte his country, nor the bank 
 have been deftroyed. But dill it was not too late; 
 every thing might be recovered if Succogee v/as re- 
 moved from his perfon and councils, and Monagee 
 reftored to his former rank, who had given fo many 
 convincing proofs of his ftrong attachments to his 
 mailer's intereft. The king was deeply concerned : 
 he would fain employ both •, he was unwilling to 
 part with his favourite; but when he was convinced 
 that our friendfhip depended on it, Succogee was re- 
 moved, and Monagee inverted with the fole and full 
 management of his kingdom, and appointed once 
 more commander in chief of his forces. New troops 
 were raifed to make up for their late lofs, and every 
 thing promifed v/ell from fo lucky a change in our 
 favour. 
 
 At this time we were acquainted from Madrafs, 
 of the arrival of a detachment lent us from Bombay, 
 by that prefidency, at the requeft of our governor 
 and council ; and indeed I muft do governor Bour- 
 chier the juftice to fay, that he was always inclined 
 to give us any affiltance in his power. Some fhips 
 from Europe arrived alfo with recruits. 
 
 Mauphus Cawn was then at Conjeveram, 60 miles 
 weft of Madrafs, but he wanted money and fome 
 Europeans to enable him to join us. My opinion 
 was afked, what fhould be done in this affair. I gave 
 it for advancing him the fum required, a lack of 
 roupees, and that a party of 500 Europeans, confid- 
 ing of the Bombay detachment and the recruits late- 
 ly arrived, fhould immediately march and take Mau- 
 phus Cawn Under their efcort. All this was agreed to, 
 and the party marched accordingly. 
 
 Morarow, on fome difpute between him and 
 the MaiiToreans, had crofted the Coleroon b'^fore 
 the 1 2th of May, as I have before obferved. He 
 repafled it to perform that exploit againft the Tan- 
 
 jore 
 
124 N ARR ATI VE OF THE WAR 1754. 
 
 jore troops -, and having (Iruck the fevere blow afore- 
 mentioned, he returned to the other Tide of the 
 Coleroon again, and continued at a diflance from 
 the Maillore camp. He then propofed to the Nabob, 
 that if the payment of three lack of roupees could 
 be fecured to him, he would return to his own 
 country, and never more be an enemy to him, the 
 Englilh, or the Tanjoreans. The Nabob having no 
 money, applied to the King of Tanjore, and after 
 a great many meetings, it was agreed to, and the 
 articles drawn up and figned. Jn the mean time 
 Morarow gave Nanderauze to underftand, that he 
 was in treaty with the Nabob, but that if he would 
 pay him the money then due, he would return to his 
 alTiftance. Nanderauze fent him all the money he 
 could fpare -, and Morarow finding there was no 
 chance for more from that quarter, agreeable to his 
 treaty with the Nabob, marched off. Part of the 
 money was paid by the king of Tanjore on his 
 going, the reft to be paid on his arrival in his own 
 country. 
 
 Another detachment came from Davecottah, com- 
 manded by captain Zeigler, confiding of about 80 . 
 Europeans and Topalfes, and 400 lepoys. As my 
 health was much impaired, and therefore my conti- 
 nuing uith the army very precarious, the governor 
 and council, at my requeft, fent captain Killpatrick 
 a major's commiifion, and confented to his fucceed- 
 ing to the command, if I fhould be obliged to leave 
 it. I was not a little chagrined to find the Tanjore 
 troops fo long aflembling, being anxious to march. 
 The enemy were now again encamped on the plain, 
 and had lb clofely befet Trichinopoly, that our com- 
 munication Was quite cut off At laft Monagee fet 
 up his ftandard, and joining us on the 25th, we 
 marched. My intentions were to have proceeded 
 directly toTrichinopoly ; but in a council of war next 
 day, I found Monagee unwilling to proceed, till we 
 were joined by our other party, who were efcorting 
 
 Mauphus 
 
1754- ON THE COAST OF COR O M ANDEL. 125 
 
 MauphusCawn. With all the reafons I made ufe of, 
 I could not convince him of the necelTity of an im- 
 mediate march. We were therefore obliged to wait, 
 but on thefe conditions only, that he fhould in the 
 interim colledl a magazine of grain equal to the con- 
 fumption inTrichinopoly, to enaiile us, on our ar- 
 rival, to replace what had been fpent in our ab- 
 fence. 
 
 Mauphus Cawn was then advanced as far as Fort 
 St. David, where, contrary to his agreement, he 
 wanted all his money before he pafied the Coleroonv 
 and even faid that this would not be flifficient to pay 
 his troops, infifting on a further fum. Finding he 
 trifled with us, I ordered captain Forbes not to wait 
 for him, but to join me with his Bombay detachment, 
 and our recruits, as expeditioufly as poffible, which he 
 completed on the 14th. The 1 5th I reviewed the 
 army, which confided of about 1 200 men in batali- 
 on, 3000 fepoys, and 14 pieces of cannon. Mona- 
 gee had with him 2500 horfe, 3000 infantry, and 
 lome field pieces. On the 1 6th we marched, and the 
 17th reached Trichinopoly. 
 
 The enemy had been joined the night before by 
 200 Europeans, and their whole body appeared on 
 the plain in order of battle ; their battalion and fepoys 
 with the Sugar-Loaf Rock, on their right, and the 
 cavalry on their left. I ordered our advanced guard 
 to take poiTelfion of a bank which commanded the 
 entrance to the plain. As we advanced, the enemy 
 began to cannonade. When I had pafled the bank, 
 we formed, and faced the enemy. Monagee's troops 
 made up the fecond line, and covered our baggage 
 and provifions. The enemy kept moving on ; and 
 we likewife, our cannon anfwering theirs. We ex- 
 peded nothing but an engagement, and were not a 
 little furprized, at once, to fee their battalion go to 
 the right about, their cannon drawing off, and the 
 whole retreating very regularly. They killed us a 
 captain and 1 5 men, and fuffered themfelves (bme- 
 
 thing 
 
126 N A R R A T I V E OF THE W A R 1754. 
 
 thing more. The enemy had another party of To- 
 pafles and fepoys marching to join them from the 
 illand, which when perceived by Major Killpatrick, 
 he fallied out with part of his garrifon, and obliged 
 them, after a levere cannonade, to retire to the 
 ifland. 
 
 We halted next day to refrefli our men, and to 
 put our heavy baggage into the fort, refolving not to 
 give the enemy reil, till they had quitted the plain. 
 They had the firft day gone to the Five Rocks, but 
 on our marching to the Fakeer's Tope, they moved 
 off, and encamped at Mootachillenour. We follow- 
 ed them, and in the night they thought proper to 
 crofs the river, and encamped behind their Pagodas 
 on the ifland. We then retook our pofl off Elmi- 
 feram, and fent a detachment to cover the king 
 of Tanjore's workmen, repairing the bank near 
 Koiladdy, the enemy having alio abandoned that 
 place. 
 
 About this time our fleet, under the command of 
 admiral Watfon, arrived with colonel Adlercron's 
 regiment, and the French fliips had brought Mr. 
 Godeheu, commilfary-general and governor-general 
 of all their fettlements, with 1500 Eviropeans. Up- 
 on his arrival he wrote to Mr. Saunders to ac- 
 quaint him with his inclination to purfue pacific 
 meafures, introducing his propofals for a fufpenlion of 
 arms, by fending back the troops which Mr. Du- 
 pleix had caufed to be Hopped in their paflage from 
 Madrafs to Fort St. David. The governor and 
 council, pleafed to find they had now to deal with 
 a perfon who appeared to concur with them in pur- 
 fuing the true intereft of the two commercial com- 
 panies, were not long in fending their anfwer, and 
 both fincerely labouring to haften the conclufion of 
 an event fo much to be wifhed. A Sufpenfion of arms 
 was agreed on, and actually took place on the i ith of 
 Odober 1754. 
 
 The 
 
1754- or; THE coASToi COROMANDEL. 127 
 
 The ARTICLES were as follow. 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 To begin from the 1 1 th of Oftober, the day on which 
 THE SUSPENSION OF ARMS fhall be 
 pubhfhed to all the troops, in all the forts, and aftual 
 poflefTions of the two con tracing nations in the Carnatick ; 
 all a6ts of hoftility Ihall ceafe between the French and the 
 Englifti. 
 
 IL During the courfe of this fufpenfion, which fhall be for 
 three months, their troops ihall not a£l againft each other, not 
 only as principals, but even as auxiliaries. 
 
 III. The two nations fhall oblige their allies to enter into 
 the fame agreement. 
 
 IV. If either of the two nations, French or Englifh, fhall 
 commit any aQ: of hoflility, poflefs themfelves of any place; 
 or either occafion any damage to the other after the day of the 
 publication of the faid fufpenfion, both oblige themfelves to 
 make reparation proportionable to the damage, and to the en- 
 tire refliiution of v.'hatever was taken. 
 
 V. If the allies or other troops in the pay of either nation^ 
 (hall commit any a£t of hoftility, or plunder the territories of 
 which either nation is now in pofTefnon, it fhali be lawful 
 for both nations to repulfe their infults by force ; by which 
 the Injured nation fliall not be deemed to have infringed 
 the prefent agreement. ^ 
 
 VI. If the allies or auxiliary troops of either nation, (hall 
 take arms or infult the countries of which the nation they 
 were allied to is now in polfeflion, the two nations (hall fuc- 
 cour each other in this cafe to oppofe this enemy, who (hould 
 become thereby a common enemy to both. 
 
 VII. The troops of the two nations fhall be employed dur- 
 ing this fufpenfion of arms, to fecure their fettlements and 
 prefent polTellions ; they may be tranfported freely, and with- 
 out any difficulty, from one place to another at the pleafure pf 
 the governors, generals, commanders, dec. of each nation ; 
 
 and 
 
128 N A RR ATI VE OF THE W AR 
 
 and all perfons a6luaily under the proteftion of either flag, 
 may in like manner go and come where they think proper, 
 ■without being difturbed either in their efFeSs or perfons. 
 
 VIII. There fhall be a free commerce throughout the Car- 
 natick, and in all the countries to the northward on the Coro- 
 mandel coafl, for the two contra6ting nations ; they may 
 bring goods from all the places in the dependencies of either 
 nation or their allies, and tranfport them freely and without 
 any duty whatever through the refpe6bive territories and * 
 Jageers. 
 
 IX. As foon as the fufpenfion is proclaimed, the mutual 
 exchange of prifoners fhall be fet about, and the neceflary 
 meafures taken in an amicable manner to foften the fate of 
 thofe that fhall remain, by putting them together into places 
 where they may feel lefs of the rigour of a long captivity. 
 
 Mr. Palk and Mr. Vans itt art were fent to Pon- 
 dichery, and returned with the following Treaty 
 and the Truce. 
 
 ARTICLES of a provifwnal ^reaty^ concluded 
 and agreed on beiiaeen us Thomas Saunders, Efq-y 
 Prefident for the Honourable Englijh Company on the 
 coaji of Coromandel and Orixa, Governor of Fort St. 
 George, i^c. and the Sieur Charles Robert Godeheu, 
 Commijfary for his mojl Chrijiian Maiejly; Comman- 
 der General of all the fetilements of the French Com- 
 pany on both fides the Cape of Good Hope, and at 
 China ; Preftdent of all the councils there efiablifh- 
 ed, and Dirc^or General cf the India Company of 
 France. 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 The two companies, Englifh and French, fliall renounce 
 for ever all Moorifh government and dignity, and fhall never 
 interfere in any difference that may arife between the princes 
 of the country. 
 
 All 
 
 * Jageers are lands granted by the Mogul or his reprefentatives. 
 
1754- ON THE COAST OF COROMANDEL. 129 
 
 All places, except thofe which fhall be ftipulated in the 
 definitive treaty, to remain in the poffeffion of the two 
 aforefaid nations, French and Englifh, fhall be delivered up 
 to the Moors. 
 
 II. In the Tanjore country, the Englifh fhall poflefs 
 Davecottah, and the French Karical ; each with their pre- 
 fent diftrids. 
 
 III. On the Coromandel coaft, the French fhall poflefs 
 Pondichery, the diflric^s of which are to be fpecified in the 
 definitive treaty. The Englifh fhall poflefs Fort St. George, 
 and Fort St. David, with the diflrifls likewife to be 
 fpecified. 
 
 The French fhall form a limited fettlement, the fituation 
 of which fhall be chofen between Nizampatam, and the ri- 
 ver of Gondecama exclufively ; as an equivalent for the dif- 
 ference there is between Davecottah, and Fort St. David to- 
 gether, compared with Karical : 
 
 Or elfe, 
 
 The diftrifls of Pondichery fhall be made equal to thofe of 
 Fort St. George and Fort St. David together, and in this cafe 
 the French fliall abandon the Point D'Appuy, propofed above. 
 The alternative fhall be left to the determination of the two 
 companies. 
 
 IV A'lazulipatam and Divy fhall be neuter, leaving to the 
 two ccmpjinies the choice of making a partition ; each nati- 
 on fliail have a houfe for commerce at Mazulipatam, with an 
 equal number of foldiers to guard it, in cafe the town ihould 
 remain neuter. Divyihall be delivered to the Englifh, if the 
 French referve Mazulipatam. And if the French keep Divy;* 
 the Englifh ihall have Mazulipatam. In thefe two lafl cafes, 
 equal diftricls fliall be annexed to the poflelTions. 
 
 V. The navigation of Narzapore river fhall be free ; the 
 Englifh may carry their fettlement upon the banks of the faid 
 river, or keep Bandermalanka ; but they fhall pcflefs only 
 one of thofe tsvo places j the French fliall have a fettlement 
 
 I on 
 
I30 NARRATIVE or THE WAR 1754. 
 
 on the fame river. The diftrlQs (hall be equal between the 
 two nations. 
 
 VI. The entrance of Ingeram river fliall be free, neither 
 the French nor the Enghfh fhail pofTefs the iflands of Coringe 
 and Yellacatippa. The Englilh fhaii have their fa6lory at 
 SuncrapoIIam, with its diftridls, and a warehoufe at Nelle- 
 pely, the fortifications of which fhall be razed. The French 
 fhall have their fa£tory at Yanam, with diftrifts equal to 
 thofe of SuncrapoIIam, and they fhall be at liberty to have 
 a ware-hoafe on the Terra Firma in cafe they judge it ne- 
 ceflary, for the convenience and eafe of their trading 
 bufinefs. 
 
 VII. In the Chickakul country, as the Englilli have Vi^ 
 7,agapatam, the French may fettle a fa6tory where they 
 pleafe, to the fouthward of Pondemarka, or the northward 
 of Bimlepatam, whether at Gangam or Mafoufbuncjer, on an 
 equality with Vizagapatam. 
 
 VIII. Thefe conditions accepted on both fides, although 
 they are not to be a law for a definitive treaty in Europe, they 
 fhall neverthelefs produce a truce between the two nations 
 and their allies, until news is received in India of the anfwers 
 made in Europe concerning this agreement; which anfwers 
 we promife bona fide to communicate to each other as foon 
 as they fhall be arrived by the fhips of either nation. 
 
 IX. Neither nation fhall be allowed to procure, during the 
 truce, any new grantor celTion, or to build forts for the defence 
 of new eflablilhments. It fhall only be lawful to rebuild and 
 repair the fortifications now fubfilling in the eflabHlhments 
 they pofTefs at this time, in order to prevent their entire 
 ruin. 
 
 X. Until the arrival of anfwers from Europe to thefe 
 articles, which fliall be difpatched thither by the firft fhips, 
 to be fubmited to the decifion of the two companies, under 
 the pleafure and approbation of the two crowns, the two 
 nations fhall not proceed to any ceflion, retroceffion, or eva- 
 cuation of what they now pofTefs, every thing being to remain 
 on the footing of uti pofTidetis. 
 
 XI. With 
 
 I 
 
1754' ON THE COAST OF COROM ANDEL. 131 
 
 XI. With regard to the indemnification, the two nations 
 may expect for the expences of the war ; this article (hall be 
 amicably adjufted in the definitive treaty. 
 
 Done at Fort St. George, 31 Decemb. 1754. 
 
 TL. S ] (Signed) Thomas Saunders. 
 
 (In Englilh and French) (Under the Englifh) 
 
 Tl. ?A (Signe) Godeheu. 
 
 (Under the French) 
 
 Examined with the original, and 
 atttefted to be a true copy. 
 
 Dated at Pondichery, Hen. Vansittart, l Secretaries. 
 26 Dec. 1754. Jos. Du Pre, J 
 
 ARTICLESand Stipulations^ of a 7ruce^ conclu- 
 ded bet-ween us Thomas Saunders^ Ejq\ Preftdent^ i^c. 
 &c. ^c. and the Sieur Charles Robert Godeheu^ Cotn- 
 fnij[ar)\ isc. i§c. i^c. in virtue of a provifional trea- 
 ty which we have ftgned the fame day, to promote the 
 re-ejlablijjjment of tranquillity in this part of India. 
 
 A R T I C L E I. 
 
 To take place on the iTth of January, 1755 ; the day of 
 the exp'ration of the fufpenfion of arms, proclaimed the i \ th 
 of October, 1754; all hoftilities fhall ceafe between the 
 Ergl.fli and French. 
 
 II. During this truce, which fhall be in force until we are 
 informed in India of the anfwers made in Europe concerning 
 the fiid provifional treaty ; the troops of the two nations, 
 French and rnglifn, fhall not a6t againft each other, either as 
 principals or auxiliaries. 
 
 I 2 III. The 
 
132 N ARR ATI VE OF THE W AR i^^. 
 
 III. The two nations, Englifh and French, engage to oblige 
 their allies to obferve all that is ftipulated for the accompliilh- 
 mcntof the truce by virtue of the treaty; and whoever fhall 
 dart to infringe it fhall be reputed a common enemy, and 
 fhall be reduced to good order by the force of arms. 
 
 IV. If either of the two nations, French or Englifh, or 
 either auxiliary troops or allies, fhall commit any act of hofti- 
 lity, pofTefs themfelves of any place, or any one fhall caufe any 
 damage to another during the faid truce ; both oblige them- 
 felves to make reparation proportionable to the damage, and to 
 the entire reflltution of whatever fhall be taken. 
 
 V. If the allies or other troops in pay of either nation, fhall 
 be guilty of any act of hoftility, or commit any pillages in the 
 territories whereof either nation is now in poflefTion, it fhall 
 be lawful for both nations to repulfe their infults by force, by 
 which the injured nation fhall not be deemed to have infringed 
 the prefent agreement. 
 
 VI. If the allies or auxiliary troops of either nation, fhafl 
 take up arms and infult the countries of which the nation they 
 are allied to is now in pofTelTion ; in this cafe, the two nations 
 fhall afTifl each other againft this enemy, who fhall thereby be- 
 come the common enemy of both. 
 
 VII. The troops of the two nations fhall be employed, du- 
 ring this truce, in the care of their prefent eflablifhments and 
 poJTefTions ; they may be tranfported freely, and without any 
 difnculty, from one place to another, at the pleafure of the 
 governor, gener.ils, commanders, i\'c. of each nation ; and 
 all pcrfons actually under the protettion of either flag, may 
 likewife go and come at pleafure, without being molefled ei- 
 ther in their effects or perfons. 
 
 VIII. Trade fhall be free throughout the Carnatick, and in 
 all the countries to the northward of the Coromandel coafl, 
 for the two contra6ting nations ; they may fetch merchandizes 
 from all the places in the dependance of each other, and tran- 
 fport them freely, without any reltraint, through the refpeftive 
 jageers and territories. 
 
 IX. 
 
 I 
 
1754- ON THE COAST OF CORO M ANDEL. 133 
 
 IX. ,AI1 common enemies, or the particular enemies of ei- 
 ther nation, who (hall come to attack the EngliHi and French 
 in their prefent pofTelTions, and' trouble the tranquillity which 
 is to reign in India, fhall be repulfed by the united force of the 
 two nations, French and Englifh. 
 
 X. As foon as the truce is proclaimed, the mutual exchange 
 of prifoners fhall be fet about, man for man ; and means fliall 
 be refolved on for the eafe of thofe which fhall not be ex- 
 changed. 
 
 XL Commiflaries fhall be appointed on both fides, to exa- 
 mine into the infringements committed by each party, or their 
 auxiliary troops or allies, and fettle the reflitution to be made 
 of all the places taken, during the truce, againft the tenour of 
 the fufpenfion of arms ; as likewife of all that may have been 
 taken from them by the faid auxiliary troops, in merchandizes, 
 effects, money, &c. and farther, to fettle in a fixed method, 
 for a guide, during the whole time of the truce, all the names, 
 and the extent of every country, * paragana an village, under 
 the power, and in the pofTefTion of the two nations, Englifh 
 and French. 
 
 XII. It is agreed, that whenever, in the courfe of the truce, 
 any complaint fhall be made by either of the faid nations of an 
 infringement of the 4th article, the faid commiflaries on each 
 fide appointed, fhall certify and examine the fad, that juftice 
 maybe done accordingly to the injured nation, either by refti- 
 tution or reparation, according to the nature of the injury re- 
 ceived. 
 
 Done at Fort St. George, 31 Dec. 1754. Signed as before. 
 
 Dated at Pondichery, 
 26 Dec. 1754. 
 
 * A Paragana is any diftrift of country, 
 
 I 3 Additi- 
 
134 N ARR ATI VE OF THE W AR, &c. 1754. 
 
 Additional Articles and Stipulations to tbs foregoing 
 
 Truce. 
 
 A R T I C L E I. 
 
 If any nation fbould attempt to ere6l:a fettlement within the 
 bounds of the prefent poiTefrions of either of the two conn- 
 panies ; both Englifli and French fhall jointly oppofe and hin- 
 der any fuch undertaking. 
 
 II. The cuftonn-houfes and f juncans fhall remain on the 
 fame footing as before the war ; and no alteration (hall be made 
 in the duties paid on the importation and exportation of goods 
 of the produce or manufa<5ture of the coaft. 
 
 Done at Fort St. George, 31 Dec. 1754. Signed as before. 
 
 Dated at Pondichery, 
 4 Jan. 1755- 
 
 f A Jancan is a toll or duty on every thing that pafles. 
 
 T R A N. 
 
TRANSACTIONS 
 
 O N T H E 
 
 Coast of COROMANDEL, 
 
 In the Year 1755. 
 
 TH E fiifpenfion of arms was accompanied with 
 another event of great importance to the tran- 
 quillity of India, the departure ot Mr. Dupleix^ who 
 being removed from the government, returned with 
 the next (hips for Europe. 
 
 Here it may be proper to take a view of the feveral 
 provinces and governments of the Deckan, their pre- 
 fent interefls and defigns. This will not be a mere 
 recapitulation of what has been faid in the Narrative •, 
 for as the princes of that country are continually agi- 
 tated by the paflions of avarice, ambition and jea- 
 loufy ; they are every moment prompted by fufpicion 
 or the love of intrigue, to enter into new quarrels, 
 form different connexions, and by their rertlefs and 
 uncertain fpirit, create the utmoft perplexities to their 
 allies. Fond of compliments, ceremonial and re- 
 peated profefTions of friendfhip, they have little regard 
 for truth or gratitude ; nor have they any conliderati- 
 
 I 4 on 
 
136 TR AN S ACTIONS ON 1755. 
 
 on for the future more than the pall, folely occupied 
 with what they imagine will advance their prcfent 
 views. This chara6ter of the Afiaticks in general 
 will be t-xemplified by a review of the prefent fituati- 
 on and defigns of the feveral powers of the Deckan, 
 ab they appeared in the yt-ar 1755. 
 
 Salabatzing was induced by his incapacity and 
 flcjth, to (ubmit himfelf entirely to the councils of the 
 French for the fake of their protection and alViftance. 
 Bound by no tieo of affection, he was now meditating 
 the removal of thofe very perfons with whom he had 
 fo lately been fharing the greatefl power and wealth, 
 without the leaft regard to their having alTifled him in 
 that ufurpation. 
 
 The king of Tanjore, a fubtle prince, lived in a 
 continual jealoufy of the Englifh and French, who 
 had both fetilcmenrs in his dominions, well knowing 
 that either of thefe hngly was sble to give law to him, 
 and always apprehending moll from the fide to which 
 the balance of power feemed to incline. From a 
 diffidence of the French, and a better opinion of the 
 Englilh faith, he had, for the moll part, fhewn a re- 
 gard tor our alliance, but it required great addrefs to 
 manage his irrefolution, to divert his partiality for a 
 treacherous favourite, and keep him firm to his en- 
 gagements. His moll dangerous neighbours were 
 the iVlainbreans, a rich people, and formidable from 
 their being undiiturbed at home. He knew they had 
 long formed dcfigns againft Trichinopoly, and at this 
 very time, were in treaty with the French for that 
 end. The knowledge of this determined him to enter 
 into the ilrictcll bands of friendlhip with us, and yet, 
 at the fame time, his fufpicion of our entering i^^O 
 any alliance with the governor of Maraya, (a country 
 bordering on his dominions to the fouth), threw hirn 
 into the mod precipitate refolution of carrying fire and 
 fword into that country. It was in vain to remonftrfltg 
 to him, that fo ralh a proceeding would only facilitate 
 the defigns of the Mailibrean, by leaving Trichinopo- 
 ly 
 
1755- THE COAST OF COROMANDEL. 137 
 
 ly defencelefs. The Maravar was the prefent objetl 
 of hisjealoiify. 
 
 Tondeman a Polygar, whofe woods, adjoining to 
 Tanjore, had been an ufeful protedtion to our con- 
 voys during the war, was aUb uneafy at our fuppofed 
 intentions of aUiance with the Maravar. 
 
 The king of Maiffore, young, and in a manner 
 confined to his feragho, gave up the direction of 
 affairs to his uncle, who was prime miniiler and bro- 
 ther to Nanderauze. They were both, at this time, 
 purfuing their fcheme on Trichinopoly, in which they 
 fuffered fo many cepulfes, and faw their extravagant, 
 prqjeds fo often defeated, that th^y were ready to 
 feize any pretext for abandoning their enterprize. 
 They foon reHnquifhed it on good reafons, and from 
 thenceforth became lefs formidable neighbours to the 
 king of Tanjore. 
 
 Mootis AUee Cawn, governor of *Velloure, a pow- 
 erful and defigning man, had the addrefs to murder 
 two Nabobs with impunity ; and during this long war, 
 to keep himfelf clear of its calamities. Mr. Dupleix 
 ufed to call him his deputy in his province. Though 
 no confidence could be placed in the friendfhip of this 
 artful man, it was imprudent to have him for an ene- 
 my ; therefore his offers to acknowledge the Nabob 
 were gladly accepted, but there was little fincerity ia 
 his profeflions of fubmiffion. 
 
 The Marattas have always had fo confiderable a 
 fhare in the difturbances, and were at this time taking 
 fo large a part in the politicks of thefe countries, that 
 it is requifite, for the explanation of the affairs of the 
 peninfula, to give as many particulars of this exten- 
 live people as can be afcertained ; for as they have no 
 written hiflory, and fcarce any tradition, that we 
 know, of their former ftate, it is impolfible to pro- 
 cure a full and fatisfadory account of fo numerous a 
 
 nation, 
 
 * Within twelve miles of Arcot, the ftrongeft fort in all that 
 diftria. 
 
138 TRANSACTIONSoN ^755. 
 
 nation, once fettled, then difperfed, and now le-efta- 
 blifhing themfelves throughout all parts of the Mo- 
 gul's empire: a people who have had, from time 
 immemorial, fettlements to the north of Delly, great 
 part of which they Hill polTcfs, though fo great were 
 the numbers that were driven out from thence, by 
 Aurenzeb, that he employed above twenty years 
 in fruitlel's endeavours to reduce them in their 
 new iettlements in the mountainous parts of the 
 Deckan. 
 
 They have had continued wars ever fince, with all 
 the Moguls, Subahs and governors, and made innu- 
 merable treaties of peace with them, which they never 
 obferve any longer than they think it their intereft. 
 They have themfelves had ftrange internal revoluti- 
 ons; and what is moft ftrange, the prefent go- 
 verning men among them are Bramins or priefts, 
 hated by the true Marattas, but followed by them for 
 
 Their Raja or Prince is facred : and they hold that 
 he ought to be a kind of idol, fhut up and fed at 
 the publick expence, and the executive power lodged 
 in fome other branch of his fam.iiy, at leaft, fuch has 
 been the eftablifhrnent on the Malabar coaft : but this 
 was fubverted by the ufurpation of the two Bramins, 
 the one called Peelagee, and the other Budgerow. Peela- 
 gee governed Guzarat, and Budgerow the country to the 
 fouthward. His ion, who fuccceded him, is known by his 
 name Balazerow, on the Coromandel coaft : On the 
 Malabar he is called the Nanna, for that is the title 
 by which the acling head of the government and gene- 
 ral of the forces is diftinguilbed. The nominal 
 prince, or the idol, as he has been defcribed, is ftiled 
 Ram Raia and Saha Raja. AUthefe names, indifcri- 
 minately ufed and ftrangely fpelt, occafion no fmall 
 difticulty to the reader, who is^ here alfo defired to 
 take notice, that though all writers fpeak of Sat taarah, 
 as the capital of the Maratta*s country, the refidence 
 
 of 
 
175S- THE Coast OF COROMANDEL. 159 
 
 of the Bramin their fovereign is * Poona, where all 
 the bufinefs of the government is carried on. 
 
 What proves that they have formerly been povv^er- 
 ful over all the Mogul's empire, though now difunited, 
 is the univerfal acknowledgment of the C/jouty or tri- 
 bute paid to them of a fourth of the revenues of 
 every Raja or governor. This they ftill collecft in all 
 parts, taking what they can get of it in ready money, 
 and leaving the ballance in arrear, which will ferve 
 them at leall as a pretence tor another incurfion, 
 whenever they want employment for their troops. 
 
 It may feem ftrange that thefe Marattas, who are 
 Bramins, and fo ftri6t obfervers of the Gentou religi- 
 on, and the tenets of the Tran (migration of fouls, 
 that they will never kill the mofl ofFenfive animals 
 that crawl about them ; fhould, without any fcruple, 
 eagerly employ their fabres to the deftruction of their 
 fellow-creatures. The falvo for this extraordinary 
 contradiction, is a device of their priefts, who, by the 
 (acrifice of a Buffalo, with many mifterious and en- 
 thufiaflick ceremonies, abfolve their warriors from the 
 reftridions which bind the vulgar. 
 
 It fhould be here obferved that the Marattas men- 
 tioned fb often in the narrative, were only a body of 
 horfe, freebooters, who alternately took the pay of 
 the higheft bidder. They were fuch as Morarow 
 had picked up to follow his fortunes, and till he at- 
 tempted to make himfelf independent, they had no 
 fettled habitation, and no profelTion but v/ar, if it 
 may be called a profeflion where they have neither art 
 nor difcipline, and yet they are formidable to the 
 Moors, who carrying fuch numerous and incumbered 
 armies to the field, are the eafier harraifed, and even 
 ftarved by them. For thefe pillagers, continually 
 galloping round the country, cut off the convoys, and 
 
 as 
 
 * Poona is about a hundred miles eaft-fouth-eift of Bombay. 
 D'Anville fays, the fituation of Sattairah is not afcerfained, and 
 therefore he has not put it in his map. 
 
140 TR A N S A CTIO NS ON 1755. 
 
 as moll of their parties carry with them neither 
 baggage, nor provifions, they eafily elude all purfuit, 
 and in an inftant retire to their faftneffes, or even, if 
 occafion requires, to their own country. They ride a 
 hardy horfe inured to fatigue, and for the moH" part 
 fed with (landing corn. The common men have no 
 cloathing but a turban on their head, and a fafh round 
 their waiil ; inflead of a faddle they ufe fuch a kind of 
 pad as is recommended by Marfhal Saxe. Truly for- 
 midable with their fabres, they are fatal to troops 
 that are once broke. 
 
 The Marattas, though not without trade and ma- 
 nufactures, have principally enriched themfelves, by 
 obliging the wealthy and more refpeclable powers 
 their neighbours to be tributary to them. It will na- 
 turally be allied, why do the oppulent ftates fubmit 
 to be tributary ? and what fecurity have they that 
 thefe licentious plunderers will abide by their agree- 
 ments, and not continually encroach upon them, and 
 raife their demands.? The reafon is plain: it is lefs 
 expenfive, and a lighter tax upon trade, to agree to 
 fome certain payment, than to engage in the unknown 
 expence of armies, to free themfelves from fo irregu- 
 lar a foe : and as to greater exadions, if the chief has 
 once fettled the Chout, he will hardly venture to ftrug- 
 gle for more, as the money agreed on goes into his 
 own pocket ; and were he to proceed to the more vio- 
 lent method of compulfion, by invading the country, 
 the fpoil would all become the property of his troops, 
 under the article of plunder, and his own fhare would 
 come very Ihort of the fum flipulated •, behdes, they 
 have the prudence to confider, that a country ravaged 
 by their troops, will produce neither tribute nor plun- 
 der again for fome time. 
 
 They are a deflrucftive foe and an unferviceable 
 friend. They ruin their enemies by burning their 
 country, and their allies by their avaricious demands 
 for money. Inftead of meriting their pay, which 
 they might eafily do after a defeat, by cutting off all 
 
 the 
 
1755- 'T"'"' COAST OF COROMANDEL. 141 
 
 the broken troops, they fly to the camp, where every 
 man procures a good burthen for his horfe, and walk- 
 ing on foot, drives him away loaded with the Ipoii. 
 
 Such has been, in a great meafure, the ftate of the 
 Maratta people -, but about this time it will appear, 
 that they entertained various defigns of extending their 
 territories in (everal parts of the country, and alfb on 
 the fea coaft. They took large dirtrids from the 
 Viceroy of the Deckan, marched to Delly and made 
 a Mogul, and after driving out Angria by our (Irength, 
 beat the Portugueze by their own. They had generals 
 who let up for themfelvesin the remote countries that 
 they had conquered, and were giving fome other in- 
 dications of their return from a vagabond life of ra- 
 pine and diforder, to a more fettled fyftem of policy. 
 
 Of all the Princes of the Deckan, there are none 
 fo free from the faults of the country as the Nabob 
 Mahomed Allee Cawn ; having always experienced 
 the invariable friendfhip of the Englilh, he has been 
 taught the true value of honour and coniiancy, and 
 throughout his conduc^t, manifefted uncommon gra- 
 titude and fidelity to his engagements. The fums we 
 had expended in the fupport of his»caufe, inftead of 
 raifing in him the expedation of being farther bur- 
 thenfome to us, lay like a heavy weight upon his 
 mind ; and the diflrefs he was in for money, with the 
 impoffibility of paying any confiderable part of his 
 debt to the company, vifibly afFeded his health : his 
 brothers who accom.panied him, having a feparatc 
 command, would each of them keep up as many at- 
 tendants, and as large an expence as the Nabob him- 
 (elf Exhaufled by this unnecelTary profufion, he was 
 not able to furnifh the workmen and materials with 
 which he had engaged to fupply our engineers for 
 compleatirg their fortifications, nor even to find mo- 
 ney (or his own troops to prevent them from difband- 
 ing. Upon confideration of this ftate of the Nabob's 
 affairs, it was prudently determined to take an cxadt 
 account of his revenues, which wt-re mortgaged to 
 
 the 
 
142 TRANSACTIONS on 1755. 
 
 the company, in order to judge what Turns might be 
 adtually forth-coming for their ufe, after a due pro- 
 portion fhould be allotted for the maintenance of 
 himfelF, and the fupport of his dignity. 
 
 It was at the fame time recommended to him, to 
 fettle as foon as polhble at Arcot, his capital, with all 
 his family, as well to fave expence, by reducing their 
 feveral retinues to one houfhold, as for the credit of 
 his government. But it was of great conlequence to 
 his revenues, before he left the countries of Madura 
 and Tinevelly, which u(ed to produce an immenfe in- 
 come, to collect the tribute v/hich had not been paid 
 during the troubles, and alfo to induce the feveral 
 Polygars, and all fubordinate governors to acknow- 
 ledge the Nabob's right, by receiving grants from 
 him for the countries they held under his govern- 
 ment. 
 
 It was neceffary on this, as on all other occafions, 
 to have at hand a fufficient force j for in this country, 
 we are to look upon an army as a proper formality 
 ufually attending a meilage to a friend, a fubjedt, or 
 an enemy. From thefe confiderations, an expedition 
 was ordered into the Madura and Tinevelly countries 
 to colle6l the revenues, under the command of Alex- 
 ander Heron, lieutenant colonel in his Majefl:y's fer- 
 vice, and major of the company's forces, attended by 
 Mr. Maunfell, to ac't together with the Nabob's Va- 
 keel, (or agent) as commilTaries for the adminiftration 
 of the monies received. Colonel Heron, the latter 
 end of January 1755, marched to Manapar, a village 
 about thirtv miles from Trichinopoly. Soon after his 
 arrival, he was joined by the Vakeels of four neigh- 
 bouring Polygars, who came to fettle their accounts, 
 promiling foon to pay the ballances that were due ; 
 they alfo figned a paper, acknowledging themfelves 
 umler the Nabob's government, independant of any 
 other power whatfbevcr ; and that they enjoyed their 
 lands in right of his grants only. At the fame time 
 the Nabob received letiers of the like purport from 
 
 the 
 
1755- THE COAST OF COR OMAN DEL. 143 
 
 the three principal men in the Madura and Tinevelly 
 countries. But upon the return of the officers, one 
 of the four Polygars, by name Lachynaig, who had 
 paid part of his tribute, and given a bill for the reft, 
 refufed to pay the r^ mainder -, wherefore, at the in- 
 ftance of the Nabob, colonel Heron, on the loth of 
 February, moved with the army clofe to a fort, which 
 was one of the barriers of his country. All that day 
 and the next, he endeavoured, both by fair means 
 and threats, to make him comply, but could get no 
 fatisfadtory anfwer. He then determined to attack 
 the fort the next morning, in which he lucceeded with 
 httle lofs : and alfo the fame day took another fort, 
 which gave him pofleilion of all the country of that 
 Polygar, except the tops of the hills, where the in- 
 habitants had taken Ihelter. In thefe two affairs he 
 lolt fourteen fepoys and Ibme few * colleries. 
 
 Here the Nabob left colonel Heron, and his bro- 
 ther Mauphus Cawn accompanied him in the expedi- 
 tion. The roads were exceflive bad through the 
 woods for the carriage of the heavy cannon. Some 
 breaft-works thrown up in the narrow pafTes, were 
 abandoned on the army's nearer approach, though 
 not till part of the fepoys had given their fire, which 
 was returned, but without any efl'eifl. Beyond the 
 woods was a ftonefort, which, had it been quite fi- 
 nifhed, would have been of confiderable ftrength for 
 that part of the country. The Madura people who 
 were fortifying it, abandoned it immediately. There 
 was found in this fort fome grain, ammunition, and 
 four Pieces of cannon. The colonel left (bme troops 
 in pofleffion, and advanced towards the town of 
 Madura -, upon which the garrifon retired a little far- 
 ther into the country, to a fmall fort, whither they 
 carried their moft valuable effedls, and military flores. 
 The greater part of the inhabitants remained, and 
 feemed very well fatisfied with the change of govern- 
 ment. Being then the feafon for gathering in the 
 
 grain, 
 * See page 64 and 65. 
 
144 TRANSACTIONS ON 1755. 
 
 grain, and collecting the revenues, it was refolved to 
 quarter the army there. Madura is a ftrong Indian 
 town, encompafTed with a wall likeTrichinopoly, but 
 being of much greater extent, would require a very 
 large garrifon to defend it. 
 
 Colonel Heron, having wrote circular letters to all 
 the neighbouring Polygars, as well as to the People of 
 Tinevelly, marched for the fort to which Myana the 
 late governor of Madura had retired. It was a ftrong 
 Pagoda, which he had fortified in the beft manner he 
 could, but on the expedlation of an attack, he and all 
 his horfe fecured themlelves by a timely retreat, and 
 carried with him his elephants, camels, treafure, and 
 the greateft part of his valuable effe<5ls -, he left a few 
 fepoys to defend the fort, who fired very brifldy for 
 fome time, but on our returning it with cannon and 
 fmall arms, they furrendered. Here were found three 
 brafs and iron cannon, a number of Malabar guns, 
 and a great quantity of ammunition. After taking 
 two other fmall forts, the army marched for Tine- 
 velly, and arrived the 25th; fome of the Polygars 
 came in, others fent their Vakeels to fettle every 
 thing amicably. 
 
 The greateft difficulty arofe from the good inclina- 
 tions of the Poly gar ot * Marava. He offered a free 
 palTage through his country for the Englifh troops, 
 employed his intereft with the other Polygars, and 
 (ent his brother, who advanced within five miles of 
 the army, with three thoufand men and fome pieces 
 of cannon, tendering his fervice, and prefhng us to 
 make fettlements in his country. The news of this 
 caufed fo great jealoufy, and worked upon the King 
 of Tanjore and Tondeman, in fuch a manner, that 
 they fent a proteft. againft our treating with the Mara- 
 var, and even raifed forces, and were aftually march- 
 ing into his country ; Monngee, it feems, while out 
 
 of 
 
 • Marava is a large county on the fea-coaft to the fouth of our 
 fettlements, and to the eaft of Madura. 
 
i75S* THE Coast of COROMANDEL. 14^ 
 
 of favour, had received fome perfonal affronts from 
 the Maravar : this might be in fad the infuperable 
 difficulty; but the reafon given out was the frienddiip 
 that had iubfifted between the xVIaravar and the Ma- 
 illbreans ; but at this critical time, the very fear of 
 the MailTorean was a reafon for letting all prefent 
 jealoufies fubfide : therefore all endeavours to mollify 
 the king of Tanjore and Tondeman being vain, or- 
 ders were difpatched to colonel Heron, to break off 
 all further treaty with the Maravar. 
 
 At the fame time, advice being received of the ap- 
 proach of Salabatzing, with Mr. Buify, the arm.y was 
 ordered to return as (uon as poffible to Trichinopoly. 
 The news of Salbatzing's march was true, but it had 
 not the confequence that was apprehended ; for he 
 entered Maiflore, v/here he levied the revenues of 
 that rich province, and returned, carrying with him 
 fifty-two Lack of roupees. MeiTrs. BulTy and Law 
 were both with him ; the latter made a demand in the 
 name of the French Company for feven lack for the 
 lofs he had fuftained when he was taken in Seringam. 
 The money was refufcd, and at Mr. Bufify's requeft^ 
 Law defifted from his demand. 
 
 Colonel Heron had very little advanced the compa- 
 ny's affairs by his conduO:! at Madura and Tinevellv. 
 The monies he colleded did not amount to the char- 
 ges of the expedition, and the terror of his arms was 
 lb little refpec^.ed in the country, that Myana, the late 
 governor of xMadura, having cut off a party that was 
 lent to furprize him, had the boldnels to come to the 
 very gates of Tinevclly while the army was there, 
 and plunder the villages round. The colonel having 
 received his orders, iet out the 22d of May, and in 
 his wayi at the defire of Miuphus Cawn, invefted a 
 fort, which for want of heavy cannon, he was obliged 
 to leave and continue his march to Madura, where he 
 arrived the 26th of May. He left it the 28th, and 
 calling at Colguddy Pagoda, feized a large number of 
 religious images, and demanded five thoufand roupee* 
 
 K , fof 
 
146 TRANS ACTIONS ON 1755. 
 
 for their ranfom, which being refufed, he put them 
 into his tumbrils, and was carrying them off. 
 The Colleries were eafily inftigated by the Bramins 
 to refcue their gods-, and taking the opportunity 
 when the baggage was pafTing fome ftrong de- 
 files in the Natam woods, they rufned from the 
 thickets in great numbers, recovered their idols, def- 
 troyed feveral carriages, ftabbed a hundred bullocks, 
 killed fome men, and carried off a quantity of bag- 
 gage. The army purfued their march, without any 
 thing farther to be remarked, till they reached Tri- 
 chinopoly the 6th of June. Colonel Heron was tried 
 by a court martial for mifcondud in this expedition. 
 It was proved that he had -given in falfe accounts, had 
 fecreted part of the money received, and for this piir- 
 pofe, inftead of coUeding the revenues in concert 
 with Mr. Maunfel, had entered into a private agree- 
 ment with the Nabob's brother, Mauphus Cawn, 
 and farmed out the countries to him at half their va- 
 lue, not paying a regard to the inftrudlions fent him 
 by the Nabob himfelf 
 
 Trichinopoly being looked upon as the main fecu- 
 rity for the Nabob's debt, colonel Heron was ordered 
 to leave there a garrifon of five hundred men, under 
 the command ot major Killpatrick. Nanderauze, 
 the MailTorean general, who lay encamped near the 
 town, was continually pradifing every kind of ftrata- 
 gem, and contriving the moft chimerical defigns to 
 make himfelf mafter of it. He employed a bramin 
 in the town, who conftantly fent him intelligence, 
 and gained him fome friends in the place, and having 
 prepared four hundred ladders, and concerted every 
 thing for an efcalade in the night, he made a propo- 
 fal to Mr. De Sauffay, commander of the French at 
 Seringam, to join him in the attempt. Mr. De 
 Sauffay, expreffing his fenfe of fo treacherous a pro- 
 ceeding in the time of a fufpenfion of arms, Nander- 
 auze urged him with repeated felicitations, and even 
 
 offered 
 
17 5v THE Coast of COROMANDEL. f4.f 
 
 offered liirn three lack of roiipecs, provided he would 
 feign a quarrel, march off, and thereby leave liim at 
 liberty to purfue his defigns. Mr. De SauHay having 
 rejeded thefe offers with difdain, was ibon after in-- 
 formed by a friend he had in th.at general's councils, 
 that in cafe of his refufal, the next projed: was to fur- 
 prize the French, and endeavour to cut them off. He 
 wrote to major Killpatrick to fend him a trufly perfon, 
 to whom he communicated the whole, and moreover 
 a (fu red him, that in cafe the MailTorean made any mo- 
 tion towards the town, he would immediately attack 
 his rear, and make a fignal on the fight of which the 
 major might (ally, and put the enemy between two fires* 
 
 While the French and Englifh chiefs were inter-^ 
 changing their alTurrinces of mutual afri(l"ance againft 
 this Indian politician, he fuddenly decamped and haf* 
 tened his march home, not altogether, as fome ima- 
 gined,' from difappointment, but rather from having 
 received accounts of the march of Salabatzing to- 
 wards his couQtry. Soon after his return, he flirred 
 up a rebellion, which threw the kingdom of Maiilbre 
 into confufion. 
 
 The enemy being removed, and no farther obda- 
 cle remaining to delay the neceflary meafure of con-* 
 duding the Nabob to his capital, a proper efcorte was 
 ordered : and captain Poiier having prepared every 
 thing for that purpofe, they began their march tlie 
 9th of July^ and proceeding in the flow manner 
 which the burthenfome pomp of eaftern ftate mufl al- 
 ways oGcaiion, arrived at Condor^ and forded the 
 Cauvery on the i6!:h. They halted the next day,, 
 and Monagee, with a numerous train, paid' the Nabob 
 a vifit. At this interview, the ftrongefl proteflations 
 of an inviolable friendfiiip were made on both fides. 
 Monagee affured the Nabob, mofb particularly, from 
 the King of Tanjore, that he would never forfake 
 him, and had five thoufand horfe ready at his order, 
 if he needed them in the Arcot country. The Na- 
 bob having thanked Monagee for the promifed aids 
 
 K 2 and 
 
148 TRANS ACTIONS ON 1755. 
 
 and for his love and friendlTiip, which he always re- 
 lied on, at the fame time whifpeied captain Polier in 
 Englifh, ^Tis ail a lie. The captain to )k up the dif- 
 courfe, afluring Monagee that the Engliih, as they 
 had hitherto conllantly fupported the Nabob, would 
 continue their protection to him, as alio their friend- 
 fhip ifiviolably n. iih the King of Tanjore, fo long as 
 he remained firm to the Nabob. Monagee declared 
 the King of Maif?.:!re had offered his King fixty lack 
 ot roupv:es, provided he v/ouM forfake the Nabob, but 
 he rejecfted the propofal. With a few more civilities, 
 and fome ufeful orders about provilions, Monagee 
 conckided his vifit. 
 
 The Nabob continuing his march, arrived within a 
 mile of Arcot the 19th of Augufl, where he refolv- 
 ed to wait for a lucky day to make his entry into the 
 city. Here he was met by colonel Lawrence, Mr. 
 Palk and Mr. WaKh, deputed to invite hitn to Ma- 
 drafs. He readily confented, and at the iame time 
 defired thofe gentlemen to mention aloud at his Dur- 
 bar, that now the army was arrived there, the Poly- 
 gars and his other tributaries fhould be hrft invited to 
 fettle accounts, and pay off their arrears, but i; that they 
 did not comply without delay, they Hiould be forced 
 to it. As they were fend b!e this mull have a good 
 effett, they took an opportunity of doing it at a full 
 alfembly, on which among the rett, Abdiel Vahob 
 Cawn, and the governor of Velloure's Vakeel were 
 prefent. 
 
 On the 2 1 ft the Nabob made his entry into Ar- 
 cot in a very fplendid manner, and the 30th he vi- 
 fited Madrafs, and was received at the Company's 
 garden-houfe by the governor, the admirals V-^atlon 
 and Pocock, and moft of the gentlemen of the place. 
 During his ftay there, the proper meafures were con- 
 certed for colleding his revenues, and towards the 
 latter end of Odober he fet out for that purpofe, ac- 
 companied by major Killpatrick with a detachment of 
 xhiQt hundred Europeans, and fifteen hundred fepoys, 
 
 together 
 
1755- THE COAST OF C O R O Al A N D E L. 149 
 
 together with Mr, Percival, who was appointed com- 
 miirary general for the Company. He was alfo to be 
 prefent at every tranfadion, it being agreed with the 
 Nabob, that half the money to be collected from the 
 feveral Polygars fhould be paid to hirafelf, and the 
 otl)er half 10 the Company. ^ 
 
 To enter into an exa(f\ detail of their proceedings 
 v/ith the feveral petty Polygars would be very tirefome 
 and uninterelling to moii readers. Therefore, not to 
 take up their time with a catalogue of uncooth names, 
 which will never occur again in the fubfequent rela- 
 tion of thefe affairs, it (hall fuffice to fay, that from 
 the 20th of Ociober to the end of the year 1 755, 
 the army was either encamped or in motion about 
 the diftrict of Arcot •, and that the Polygars and go- 
 vernors, in proportion, to the remotenefs or flrength 
 of tlieir little forts, v/ere micre or lefs backward in 
 fettling their accounts, and all dealt evafively. No 
 hoililuies were however committed againil any of 
 them, although it v/as a confiderable time before 
 fome of them came to fuch terms as the Nabob 
 would accept, and (everal held out beyond the end 
 of the year ; but thofe being the leaft able to conti- 
 nue their oppofition, were left to be reduced by the 
 forces of the Nabob. 
 
 Mootis Allee Cawn having been mentioned in the 
 narrative, and his character difplay'd v^'ithin a few 
 pages, a particular detail of his condudl (hall here 
 be given ; as it will fully ferve to convey a general 
 idea of the chicanery of all Afiatic governors, as well 
 Moors as Indians, when called upon for the arrears 
 of their tribute. 
 
 This crafty politician having the mortification to 
 find himfelf outv/itted by Mr. Dupleix, addreiled 
 himfelf to the Nabob, who was then, it is to be ob- 
 ferved, at a diflance, acknowledging his right, and of- 
 fering to fettle the tribute due from him for the dif» 
 tricf of VelloLire. He attefted the fincerity of his in- 
 tentions with his hand on the Alcoran, calling God 
 
 K 3 and 
 
rS-o T R AN S AC TIONS ON 1755. 
 
 end the Prophet to witnefs to his truth. But when 
 the Nabob, upon his arrival at Arcor, Cent to claim 
 the performance of thefe folemn engagennents, it too 
 plainly appeared, that they were meant only to a- 
 mute and deceive him : it was therefore thought ncr 
 ceffary to urike a terror into him for an example, as, 
 both in riches and power, he was the nioft confider- 
 ableofall the chiefs in the province. Accordingly, 
 on the 19th of January 1756, the army was reinfor- 
 ced with the grenadiers •, and another company, with 
 two eighteen-pounders, v/as detached after them. 
 Mdjor Killpatrick advanced within five milts of Vel- 
 loure the 30th ; and found it to be, as it had been re- 
 ported, the ftrongefl: fort in the province. 
 
 The next day the Governor of Madrafs received a 
 letter from Mr. De Leyrit, difputing the N^ibob's 
 right to Velioure, and threatening to oppofe all our 
 proceedings ; and intelligence came, at the fame tim.e, 
 that a party of three hundred French and three hun- 
 dred Sepoys, were adually marching from Pondi- 
 chery, Thefe advices were diipatched the fame night 
 to Major' Killpatrick, with dircdtions to continue nego- 
 tiations with iVIootis Alice Cawn •, and in cafe the 
 French fhould actually approach, to lend a mefiageto 
 the commanding officer to retire, and if he fhou'd 
 pay no regard to the mefliige, but proceed to fuc- 
 cour Vtlloiire, or commit any diftuibance in the Na- 
 bob's diftricts, then to oppofe him by force. Major 
 Killpatrick had advanced within cannon fhot of 
 the fort when thefe difpatches reached him; and, 
 during feveral days that he remained in his encamp- 
 ment treating with the Governor, different advices 
 came of parties moving from Pondichery and Villa- 
 nour to Gingee, and from thence, by Chetteput road, 
 towards Velioure. It was, therefore, to be appre- 
 hended, that the Governor might be prevailed on by 
 the French, to admit their troops, for the defence of 
 his fort, and thefe if once admitted, it was forefeen, 
 would not be withdrawn again from fo valuable a 
 
 poflellion. 
 
1755- THE COAST OF COROMANDEL. 151 
 
 pofleflion. The Governor had fent his Vakeel to 
 Madrafs, where he was at this very time, to defire 
 that fome Englifh gentleman might be Cent to Vel- 
 loure, with power to fettle affairs amicably. 
 
 Tlie redudion of the fort was now, by the Inter- 
 poHtion of the French, rendered impradicable, and 
 the ftay of the army, with any other objed but that 
 of an accommodation, a ufelefs expence : it was 
 therefore refolved to accede to the propofal of the 
 Vakeel, and a proper perfon was accordingly deputed. 
 While this meafure was prudently concerting at Ma- 
 drafs, Mootis Allee Cawn, finding that our army re- 
 mained clofe to his walls, notwithftanding all the mo- 
 tions of the French, agreed with Major Killpatrick 
 to pay qne hundred thoufand pagodas, and twenty- 
 five thoufand roupees, for the removal of our troops, 
 defired to enter into friendfhip with us \ and, by way 
 of earnefl:, fent out tv.'enty thoufand roupees. 
 
 No fooner was this money paid, than Mootis 
 Allee Cawn (informed by his Vakeel that a deputati- 
 on was ordered on that very day) withdrew from his 
 engagements ; and, perfuaded that he might com- 
 pound for lefs than he agreed the day before to pay 
 to Major Killpatrick, refufed the next day to com- 
 ply with the terms. Whatever Major Killpatrick 
 could urge, he would only anfwer, that, as a depu- 
 tation was fent from Madrafs, he fhould not do bu- 
 finefs in any other way ; and not only perfifted ob- 
 flinately in his refufal, but flatly denied his agree- 
 ment made on the 9th of February. The collected 
 army of the French lay, during all this time, en- 
 camped between Gingee and Chetteput, at the dis- 
 tance of about thirty-five miles from Velloure j it con- 
 fifted, according to the beft intelligence, of about fe- 
 ven hundred French and fifteen hundred Sepoys, 
 It was therefore thought advifeable to wait for an op- 
 portunity when the Governor might be in a more 
 complying humour : and the event juftified this pru- 
 dent determination. Major Killpatrick having re- 
 
 K 4 mainetj 
 
152 EXPEDITION against ANGRIA. 1755. 
 
 mained near Velloure with the army till the 24th, 
 and receiving no offers that he could accept, uithout 
 eftabhihing a precedent of the moll pernicious con- 
 fequence, moved that day for Arcot, where he quar- 
 tered the troops. 
 
 ^4ooti3 Alice Cawn, after repeated evafions and der 
 lays, at laft put an end to this tirefome negociation 
 by a compromire with the Nabob, and payment in 
 part, without military compulfion •, but not before 
 the beginning of Auguft 1756. The famefliufBing 
 condudt was pradtiftd, in a degree, by all the leffer 
 governors, v\ho entrenched themfelves for a while in 
 tne feveral fortrefles with which this country abounds ; 
 but, in their turn, they followed the example of 
 Mootis Allee Cawn, in his compliance ; as they had 
 attempted to imitate him, according to their abi- 
 lities in his chicanery and refnlance. 
 
 The Fleet having no other objecl: during the truce 
 it was agreed to employ it in the redu(5tion of a pi- 
 ratical (late on the Malabar coad, which had for a 
 long time infefted the trade of Bombay, Admiral 
 Watfon undertook this expedidon with the fame zeal 
 which he fhewed on every occafion for the fervice of 
 his country, and the benefit of the Company in the 
 Indian Teas. 
 
 Th-e Admiral had failed to Trincomalay, the 6th of 
 April, chiefly to avoid the rifque of bad weather dur- 
 ing that month. On the 13th of May he returned 
 to Fort St. David, where he remained three months, 
 it being the v;indward port both to Madrafs and Pon- 
 dichery. He came to Madrafs on the 1 9th of Augufl, 
 and failing with the whole fquadron for Bombay the 
 loth of Ocl:ober, arrived there the 10th of November. 
 His force confifted of the Kent, of fixty-four guns, 
 Capt. Speke j the Cuinberland, of fixty-f x guns, 
 Capt. Harrifon ; the Tyger, of fixty guns, Capt. La- 
 tham ; the Salilbury, of fifty guns, Capt. Knowler, 
 the Bridgewater, of twenty Guns, Capt. Martin ; 
 ^iid the King'b-fiilier Hoop, of fourteen guns, Capt; 
 
 Smith. 
 
1755- EXPEDITION AGAINST ANGRIA. 153 
 
 Smith. Rear Admiral Watfon's flag was hoifled on 
 board the Kent, and Rear Admiral Pocock's in the 
 Cumberland. 
 
 For the better underflianding the purpofe of this 
 expedition, it will be neceflary to explain the nature 
 of the enemy they were going againft, and by what 
 means a fmall neft of pirates, as they originally were, 
 grew to a confiderahle flrength, and at laft became a 
 little empire, like the piratical dates of Barbary. 
 
 About a hundred years fince, Conajee Angria, from 
 ^ private Maratta, had been employed as a General 
 and Admiral, under the Saha Raja, in his wars with 
 the Seedee, or Mogul's Admiral. Being afterwards 
 made Governor of Severndroog, upon the firft fa- 
 vourable opportunity, he feized many of the vefTels 
 he had formerly commanded; with thefe he began 
 to commit ads of piracy, confining himfelf, however, 
 to this iiland, till he had, by repeated fuccelTes at fea, 
 rendered himfelf more formidable. The Marattas 
 were alarmed, but had no means of getting at him 
 in his iiland, he having now taken the greateft part 
 of their fleet. ' They therefore built three forts upon 
 the main, within lef> than point-blank fhoc of his lit- 
 tle territory, v/hich was a fmall, rocky, well-fortified 
 ifland, of about one mile in circumference. By 
 means of thefe forts they hoped to reduce him to 
 obedience -, but he having the fea open, and being 
 much fuperior to his countrymen in fkiil and bravery, 
 attacked and took feveral of their fea ports, and at 
 length carried his ccnqueft^ frof: Famana to Raja- 
 pore on the fea coafts ; an extent of country of near 
 fixty leagues in length, in witich are feveral commo- 
 dious harbours. He alfo pofTeHed himlelf of a great 
 part 6f the inland country, in fome places for twenty 
 miles back, and in others thirty -, fecuring it to him- 
 felf by building little forts, upon fuch eminences as 
 commanded the narrow pafles and defiles. His fuc- 
 ceiTors, ftrengthening themfelves continually, by en- 
 gaging every defperate fellow they could feduce from 
 ^ the 
 
154. EXPEDITION agaikst ANGRIA. 1755. 
 
 the European fettlements, grew to be fo powerful, 
 that the Marattas thought proper to agree to a peace 
 v.ith them, on condition that they lliould acknow- 
 ledge the fovereignty of the Raja, and pay him an an- 
 ijual tribute. Being maflers of the coall, they made 
 many confiderable captures on the fcas. From the 
 Englifli Eaft India company (befides veflels of lels 
 note) they took the Darby, richly laden, from Eu- 
 rope, with one hundred and fifty men ; and ahb the 
 Reftoration armed fhip, of twenty guns, and two 
 hundred men, fitted out purpofely to cruize againll 
 them. They took ahb, from the French, the Jupiter, 
 of forty guns, with four hundred flaves on board i 
 and had the prefumption to attack Commodore L,ille, 
 in the Vigilant of fixtyfour guns, the Ruby of fifty 
 guns, and feveral other fhips m company, when the 
 Commodore was leaving the Malabar coaft. 
 
 The Dutch too fufiered in their turn -, and, about 
 twenty years ago, in refentment, (ent feven armed 
 ihips from Batavia, and tv/o bomb-veffels, with a 
 number of land forces, and attacked Geriah, but 
 without fuccefs. Angria growing more and more pow- 
 erful, could brook no kind of lubjedion, and at 
 kngth threw off his allegiance to the JVIarattas, Up- 
 on this he received fome remonftrances and threats 
 from the Nanna •, but was fo far from regarding them, 
 that he ordered the ears and nofes of the ambafla- 
 dors who brought th.era to be cut off, in contempt 
 of their Prince and his auihority. Exafperated at this 
 infuh, the Marattas meditated his ruin, and repeated- 
 ly applied to the Governor and Council of Bombay, 
 for the ailiftance of their marine force to extirpate 
 him. 
 
 The piracies of all the uicceflbrs of Angria, who 
 being of his family ftill bore the fame name, great- 
 ly annoyed net only the natives both by fea and land, 
 but alio all European and Moors fhips, going down 
 that coaft. As they put the Eaft India company 
 ^o a continual expence in keeping a marine force at 
 
 Bombay, 
 
■qS$' EXPEDITION against ANGRIA. 155 
 
 Bombay, to protedt their own and all Englifli country^ 
 (hips, the deftruction of fo troublefome a neighbour 
 had been the object of the govern raent of Bombay 
 for near fifty years, and immenfe fums had been ex- 
 pended on expeditipns which Hitherto had all proved 
 fruirlefs. Commodore Matthews, in 1722, with hia 
 fquadron and a fmall Portuguefe army, joined the 
 Bombay land and fea forces in an expedition againll a 
 fort called Colabiey, but this was defeated by the 
 treachery, or rather cowardice of the Portuguefe, who- 
 patched up a peace with Angria ; and the ihips and 
 troops returned to Bombay, except the Shoreham 
 man of war, who had her bottom beat out on the 
 rocks. In the year 175 1, Commodore Liile being at 
 Bombay, the Governor propofed to him the reducti- 
 on of Geriah ; which he promjied to attempt, as the 
 Nanna had engaged to attack the place by land, but 
 a rupture between the iMoors at Aurengabad and the 
 Nanna, happened at that time, which put a flop to 
 the enterprize. The Governor being thoroughly per-» 
 fuaded that the mofl effectual way of deftroying An- 
 gria, would be by the alliflance of the Marattas, kept 
 up a ftriCt friend{"hip with the Nanna, who alTured 
 him that he fhould be joined by a powerful army as 
 foon as ever a fcheme could be agreed on for the re- 
 duClion of Angria's forts on the coafl. Upon thefe 
 allhrances, a treaty with the Marattas was concluded, 
 and articles were figned by the Nanna on his part, 
 and by the Governor of Bombay on that of the com- 
 pany. 
 
 While this treaty was in agitation, an event hap- 
 pened which fhewed the necellity of carrying it into 
 immediate execution. In February 1754, Angria's 
 flieet attacked three Dutch fliips, one of fifty, one of 
 thirty-fix, and one of eighteen guns ; burnt the two 
 former with three of his own vefTels, and took the lat- 
 ter. Upon this fuccefs he grew infolent, and having 
 built feveral vefTels, and fet upon the flocks two fhips, 
 pne of which was to carry forty guns, he boafled 
 
 ^hat 
 
156 EXPEDITION AGAINST ANGRIA. 1755. 
 
 that he fliould foon be fuperior to whatever could be 
 brought againft him in the Indian Teas. In the year 
 1755, at a time when the gieaieil part of the com- 
 pany's forces were ablent on fervice, the Marattas 
 notified that they were then dilpoled to jom in the 
 necefiary bufinefij of humbling this common enemy, 
 Co formidable to the whole Malabar coaft. Commo- 
 dore James, who was commander in chief of their 
 marine force in India, being then at Bombay, faited 
 on the 2?d of March, in the Protector of forty-four 
 guns, wirh the Swallov/ of hxteen guns, and the Vi- 
 per and Triumph bomb veilels, being all the force 
 that could be colletled together at that time. 
 
 The next day he faw ofFRaJapore leven (ail of An- 
 gria's grabs and eleven gallivats, and chafed them to 
 the fouthward •, and the day after, theMaratta's fleet 
 came out of Choule, and joining the Commodore 
 with feven grabs and fixty gallivats, proceeded to 
 Commoro bay, where they landed, and trifled away 
 thirty hours ; for it is iifual with them to land fre- 
 quently, as they are prohibited by their religion to 
 eat on board, and aifo enjoined walliing, and other 
 ceremonies, which can only be performed on fhore, 
 Landing again the next day, they received intelligence 
 that Angria's fleet was in the harbour of Severndroog. 
 The Commodore at lengtii brought up his dilatory 
 affociates -, and immediately upon his approach, which 
 was on the 29th, Angria's fleet flipt their cables, and 
 run out to fea, the gallivats towing their larger veffels. 
 This gave them a great advantage over our fhips, as 
 there was little wind. The chafe continued from 
 break of day till the afternoon ; and it was obfervable, 
 that our friends the Marattas, who being light, and 
 built floaty for failing large, and in light gales, and 
 who had, during all the preceding days, failed better 
 than any of our veflTels, were now all ailern, while 
 their countrymen fhewed a dexterity in their flight 
 wtiich we could not but admire. They threw out 
 every thing tp lighten their veflels with amazing in- 
 
 dufl:ry 
 
1755- EXPEDITION against ANGRIA. 15-7 
 
 duftry and readinefs, and fpreading all the fails they 
 could crowd on the yards, they faftened to the flag- 
 Hav^s their garments, quilts, and even their tu bans 
 extended to catch every breath of air. By this 
 manoeuvre they giiined their point, and drew the Com- 
 modore fo far from his ftation, that he was obliged 
 to give over the chafe and return to Severndroog. 
 
 The fortrefs, which bore that name, was iuuaied 
 on an iiland within mufket-fliot of the main land» 
 with no more than two fathom and an hal'' in the 
 frith. It is llrongly, but not regularly fortified j 
 the greatefl part of the works being cut out of the 
 folid rock, and the reft built with ftones ten or 
 twelve feet fquare -, on the baftions were fifty-four 
 guns. The largeft of the forts on the main land 
 is called fort Goa, built in the fame manner, with large 
 fquare ftones, and mounting forty guns. The other 
 two mounting above twenty guns each, were con- 
 ftruded in a lefs ardficial manner, with ftones of 
 an irregular ftiape. 
 
 On the fecond of April, the Commodore began to 
 cannonade and bombard the iiland fort; but finding 
 the walls on the fide where he firft made his attack, 
 of extraordinary ftrength, for they were fifty feet high 
 and eighteen thick, he moved his ftation fo as to reach 
 fort Goa with his lower deck guns, while he plyed Se- 
 verndroog with his upper tier. About noon, the 
 north-eaft baftion of the latter, and part of the para- 
 pet were laid in ruins, when a fheil fet fire to the 
 Jioufes, which the garrifon were prevented from ex- 
 tinguifhing by the inceffant fire from the round-tops. 
 The wind being northerly, communicated the fire all 
 over the fort ; one of their magazines blew up, and a 
 general conflagration enfued. A multitude of men, 
 women, and children, running out on the farther 
 fide of the ifland, embarked in boats, but were moft 
 of them taken by the Swallow, who was ftationed to 
 the fouthward to prevent any fuccours from being 
 thrown into the ifland on that fide. The Commc- 
 
 dorc 
 
158 EXPEDITION AGAINST ANGRiA. 1755,. 
 
 dore then turned all his fire on fort Goa ; and,aftera 
 fevere cannonade, the enemy hung out a flag of truce ; 
 but the Governor, with Tome cholen Sepoys, crofTed 
 over to Severndroog, which was entirely evacuated 
 upon the blowing up of their fecond and grand ma- 
 gazine. The Governor was now in pofreUion of the 
 jiland fort, and the commodore of. the other three ; 
 from whence he kept a fmart fire on Severndroog. 
 The Governor trufting to the natural llrengtli of the 
 place, was refolved to maintain it till he (hould re- 
 ceive fuccours from Dabul. As this appeared from 
 all his anfwers to the fummons and melTages that were 
 fent him, a number of feamen were landed, under co- 
 ver of the fire from the fhips and the Ihore, who refo- 
 lutely ran up to the gates, and being determined to 
 carry their point, with their axes cut open the gate of 
 the fally port, and procured an entrance with very 
 litde lofs. 
 
 On the 8th of April, the Commodore anchored 
 off Bancote (now called fort Victoria) the mod nor- 
 thern port of any confequence of a!l Angria's do- 
 minions, which furrendered the next day upon a fum« 
 mons. This place the Eaft-India Company, having 
 the free confent of the Marattas, have fmce taken 
 into their hands, as it is a good harbour, and there is 
 a great trade for fait and other goods, which are fenc 
 to that port from Bombay ; and what is ftill more ef- 
 fential, the country about it abounds with cattle, 
 which are much wanted for the ufe of the garrifon and 
 fquadron at Bombay. Of all provifions, beef is the 
 mod difficult to be procured from any part of the 
 continent ; for, excepting Rajapore, which joins to 
 Bancote, and ispoflelfed by Mahometans (being the 
 port of the Seedee) the coaft is all inhabited by Gen- 
 toos, who never kill any living creature ; and as they 
 worlhip the cow, are particularly forbid by 'their re- 
 ligion to fuffer the death of any kind of cattle. A:^ 
 all other places were by treaty to be given up to the 
 Marattas, the Commodore caufed the Englifh flag, 
 
 which 
 
17^6. EXPEDITIONagainst ANGRIA. 159 
 
 which had been hoifted on all the forts for a few days, 
 to be flruck on the nth, and delivered them to be 
 garrifoned by the Marattas. On the 14th he ancho- 
 red at Dabul, with an intention to attack that place ; 
 but next morning received orders to return to Bom- 
 bay, as the feafon was thought to be too far advan- 
 ced for him to attempt any thing farther. 
 
 The fquadron under the command of rear Admiral 
 Watfon, arrived at' Bombay in November following : 
 While they were cleaning and repairing. Commodore 
 James in the Protedor, and the Revenge and Bom- 
 bay frigates under his command, was lent to recon- 
 noitre Geriah, the capital of Angria'sdonjnions, and 
 to found the depths of water at the entrance of the 
 harbour ; which fervice he performed, and returned 
 to Bombay the laft of December. The Admiral then 
 fent the Bridgewater and King-fifher floop, and fome 
 of the company's armed fhips, to cruize off that port» 
 who were joined on the 27th of January, 1756, by 
 Commodore James in the Protestor, and Guardian 
 frigate, and remained on this ftation till the nth of 
 February, when the Admiral and the whole fquadron 
 arrived. 
 
 Upon the appearance of the EngUfh fleet, Angria, 
 who had flattered himfelf that he fhould never fee fo 
 large a force upon the coaff, was .terrified to Co great 
 a degree, that he abandoned his fort in hopes of pur- 
 chafing his peace with the Marattas. They knew 
 how to make their advantage of his prefent fituation 
 and perturbation of mind, and immediately turned 
 their thoughts to the riches of their prifoner ; for as 
 fuch they then confidered him ; and that they might 
 folely polTefs the plunder of the place, infifled on his 
 fending an order to his brother, who was left in com- 
 mand, to put them in poflTeilion of the fort. The 
 Admiral having information of thefe clandeftine pro- 
 ceedings, fent- a fummons the next morning to tie 
 fort ; and receiving no anfwer, he weighed in the af- 
 ternoon, and ftood in to the harbour in two divilions, 
 
 the 
 
t5o EXPEDITIONagainst ANGRI A. 1756. 
 
 the Bridgewater leading that of his Majefty's fhips in 
 the following order : Bridgewater, Tyger, Kent, 
 Cumberland and Salifbury, with the Protector of for- 
 ty guns, belonging to the Eaft India Company. The 
 King's-filher led thofe of the Company, confifling of 
 the Revenge,, Bombay, Grab, and Guardian frigates j 
 the Drake, Warren, Triumph, and Viper bomb- 
 ketches. As foon as the fhips were properly placed, 
 they began foch a fire as foon f. kneed both the bat- 
 teries and the grabs. About four o'clock a fhell was 
 thrown into the Reftoration, an armed fliip taken by 
 Angria fome time ago from the Eaft India Company, 
 which fet heron fire-, and very foon after his whole 
 fleet fliared the fame fate. In the night the Admiral 
 landed all the troops, under the command of Colonel 
 Clive, fufpeding the enemy would endeavour to let in 
 the Marattas; which fuppofition was verified by a de- 
 ferter, who informed Mr. Watfon, that Angria had 
 fent orders to his brother, who commanded the gar- 
 rifon, on no accoun": to fuffer the Englilli to come in. 
 The next morning the Admiral fent a meflage to the 
 Commandant, declaring, that if he did not, in an 
 hour's time, deliver up the place, and let the Englifh 
 march in, the attack fliould be renewed, and he muft 
 then expedl no quarter. In anfwer'to this, he defired 
 a ceffation 'till the next morning •, giving for a reafon,. 
 •that it v/as not in his power to deliver up the place 
 without Angria's permiffion, which he was only wait- 
 ing for. 
 
 Thefe were apparently trifling pretences to gain time^ 
 and to wait for an opportunity of giving the Marattas 
 polTefTion of the place ;■ therefore the Admiral renew- 
 ed the attack about four in the afternoon, and in lefs 
 than half an hour the garrifon flung out a flag of truce. 
 It was then expeded that their colours ihould be 
 hauled down, and our troops a:dmitted: but as they 
 did not comply with this demand, the Admiral repeat- 
 ed the attack with fo terrible a fire, that thegarrilory 
 cried out for mercy, which our troops were then near 
 
 enough 
 
1755- EXPEDITION AGAINST ANGRIA. i6t 
 
 enough to hear diftindlly j and foon after they took 
 polTellion of the fort. 
 
 The lofs on both fides was very inconfiderable : our 
 people found their fafcty in their own bravery and fpi- 
 rit, and by driving the enemy from their works with 
 the briflcnefs of their fire. The garrifon, having once 
 abandoned the batteries, were fafe in the extraordina- 
 ry heigiit and thicknefs of their walls ; for all their 
 ramparts which were not hewn out of the fdlid rock, 
 were built of mafiy ftone, at lead ten feet in length, 
 laid endways •, fo that the greateft weight of metal 
 made no imprelTion, and would never have effected a 
 breach. It is evident, therefore, that the garrifon 
 was fubdued by the very terror of fo unufual a 
 fire. 
 
 There were found in the place upwards of two hun- 
 dred guns, fix hrafs mortars, and a very large quanti- 
 ty of ammunition of all kinds, and, in money and 
 efFedls, above one hundred and twenty thoufand 
 pounds. The grabs, which were burnt, conlifted of 
 eight ketches, and one fhip, befides two others which 
 were building (one of which was to carry forty guns) 
 and a conliderable number of fmall veflels called gaU 
 livats. 
 
 Colonel Clive, with his troops on fhore, blockaded 
 the fort ; and, at the fame time, by his pofition, pre- 
 vented the Marattas from getting pollelllon of the 
 place in a clandeftine manner ; this was proved to be 
 their defign, by an offer they made to the Captains 
 Buchanan and Forbes, of fifty thoufand roupees, if 
 they would futfer them to pafs their guard ; but they, 
 rejecting the offer with indignation, difclofed it to 
 Colonel Clive : after which, the Marattas found it as 
 impo'Tible to elude the vigilance of the commander, 
 as to corrupt the integrity of his officers. 
 
 Soon after the fufpenfion of arms was agreed on 
 and p'lblilTied, Mr. Saunders made a complaint to 
 Mr. G(»deheu, defiring redrefs, on advice thatNande^ 
 rauze, the Maiffore General, had taken Tinneveily, 
 
i62 TR ANSAC TI O NS ON 1755. 
 
 was attacking Madura, and had flopped a quantity 
 of our cio.h. Mr. Godeheu immediately wrote to 
 Nanderauze, requiring him forthwith to ceafe from 
 all hollilities, and warning him, withal, that, unlefs 
 he readily conicnted to reftore every thing that he had 
 taken, he mull expe^fl to be compelled to it by every 
 power that had any fenfeof juftice; and that none of 
 his allies could think it confiflent with their honour 
 to fupport him in difturbing the prefent tranquilli* 
 
 At the fame time the King of Tanjore, infifting on 
 the reftitution of fome countries which the Polygar of 
 Marava had taken from him at the beginning of the 
 war, was on the point of proceeding to hoftilities ; 
 but, by our intervention, the Polygar delivered up the 
 countries, and fatisfied the King. 
 
 He then demanded of Tondeman two fmall dif- 
 trids, which he thought were unjuftly diflevered from 
 his kingdom *, for his minifter Monagee, in confi- 
 deration of his having been aflifted in a favourite en- 
 tcrprize by this Polygar, had formally made them 
 over to him in the name of the King his mafter, with- 
 out his confent or knowledge. Captain Caillaud Was 
 fent to learn the truth of this matter ; and alfo, if 
 polTible, to reconcile the difference. He had firfl an 
 intervievy with Monagee, who confefled to him, that 
 he had privately made ufe of the feal and authority of 
 the King, and had, for a long time, contrived to con- 
 ceal this affair from him ; but, upon being diTgraced 
 fome years fmce, he had taken refuge with Tonde- 
 man, and then it was difcovered : that, fmce he had 
 been reftored to favour, his mafter had been perpetu- 
 ally urging him to endeavour to regain thefe countries ; 
 and therefore, while the King's Jealouly of Tonde- 
 man fubfifted, though he knew the diftrefs of the 
 country in maintaining the troops he now kept on foot, 
 it was unfafe for him to diftnifs them. He then en- 
 treated, with tears in his eyes, that the F.nglifh would 
 not forfake him, declaring, that his ruin was inevita- 
 ble, 
 
1756. THE COAST OF C OR OM AN'DEL. 163 
 
 ble, unlefs they would find fome way, for the prefent 
 at ieaft, to quiet the King's impatience. 
 
 This mediation, dextroufly managed by Captain 
 Caillaud, who foon after had an interview with the 
 King, ferved to prevent hoftilities for a time ; but all 
 endeavours for an accommodation would have proved 
 ineffetflual, had not the want of money to equip the 
 army for the field had the defired efFed of maintain- 
 ing peace. 
 
 The Danes, fome time ago, aflced from the King 
 of Tanjore an enlargement of their bounds, as part 
 of their fort was wafhed down with the fea. Being 
 refufed their requeft, they marched with two hundred 
 Europeans, five pieces of cannon, and fome Peons, 
 and attacked two pagodas belonging to the King of 
 Tanjore, about three miles from Tranquebar. They 
 took one, and attempted the other v/ithout fuccefs ; 
 for a detachment of horfe and Sepoys having arrived 
 there from Tanjore, had attacked the Danes, killed 
 them about forty men, and wounded an hundred 
 more-, the red efcaped to the other pagoda, which 
 they were fortifying. Thefe differences were alio 
 referred to, and accommodated by the Governor and 
 Council of Madrafs 
 
 The tranquillity on one fide of the country, was no 
 fecurity to our extenfive concerns and interefts in other 
 parts. A letter from Mr. De Ley r it, fucceflbr to 
 Mr. Godeheu, gave great concern to all who had at 
 heart the true commercial interefts of the fettlements, 
 and the duration of the late treaty: but if the letters 
 of Mr. De Leyrit were alarming, how much more 
 was to be apprehended from the condudt of M. De 
 Buffy, who was every day enlarging the valuable and 
 extenfive poffeffions which the French held in the 
 north. It was now apparent, that the ufe they had 
 been endeavouring to make of their influence over 
 the Viceroy, ever fince the truce, was to acquire to 
 themfelves the dominion of all the provinc<;s of the 
 Deckan. They began to manifeft thefe intentions, by 
 
 L 2 making 
 
r64 TRANSACTlONSoN 1756. 
 
 making fuch exorbitant demands of pofleflions from 
 Salabatzing as might well alarm him. One, among 
 others, was, that they fhould be put in pofleflion of 
 the fort of Golconda. 
 
 In order to fhew by what means this important for- 
 trefs was faved from falling into the hands of the 
 French, who feldom give up a point of this nature 
 which they have once attempted, it will be neceffary 
 to give a ftort account of one of thofe rebellions 
 which are fo frequent in this country, that they are 
 feldom taken notice of but for their confequences. 
 
 It was about this time that Morarow, the Maratta 
 freebooter, attempted to make himfelf independent, 
 and to ftrengthen himfelf in the fort of Savanore, 
 by the concurrence of the Nabob of that diftridl. Bal- 
 lazerow, the chief of the Marattas, prepared to re- 
 duce him, as a rebel to that flate, and applied to the 
 Governor of Madrafsfor Ibme Englifh gunners. Be- 
 fore he could receive an anfwer to his letter, Salabat- 
 zing, confidering alfo the Nabob of Savanore as a 
 rebel, made it a common caufe ; and, joining Balla- 
 y.erow, they foon obliged Morarow to come out of the 
 fort and make his fubmiflions ; not forgetting, at the 
 fame time, to call the Nabob of Savanore to ac- 
 count, for the prote<f\ion he had given him in his 
 fort. 
 
 The French accompanied the Viceroy in this ex- 
 pedition, and their alTiuTiing behaviour did not efcape 
 thedifcerning eyesof Ballazerow ; who looking upon 
 the French as a difgrace to the Viceroy, and a great 
 obflrudion to all his own views, remonflrated to Sala- 
 batzing the danger and fhame which the influence of a 
 handful of Europeans, thus arrogantly giving law to 
 a great Prince, mull bring on his charader and go- 
 vernment. 
 
 The good council of Ballazerow, as it came very 
 opportunely for the prefervarion of the fort of Gol- 
 conda, was not thrown away., Salabatzing reprefented 
 the unreafonablenefs of fuch a demand : he told M. 
 
 De 
 
175^. THE COAST OF COROMANDEL. 165 
 
 De BufTy, that the countries which had been already 
 given him were more than fufficient for the pay and 
 expences of his troops, and defired to entertain them 
 no longer upon fuch extravagant terms. M. De Bufiy 
 replied in a haughty (lile to this expoftulation, and on- 
 ly grew more preffing in his demands, till Salabatzing 
 was obliged to order him immediately to return to 
 Pondichery. M. De BulTy was now under a necei- 
 fity of withdrawing his forces -, and he began his 
 march, as he pretended, for Maffulipatam, by the 
 way of Hydrabad, the capital of Golconda. 
 
 Upon the departure of M. De Bufly, Salabatzing 
 wrote to the Governor of Madrafs, requefting Ibme 
 troops, to prevent the French from infulting him in 
 his government. In the mean time, the French having 
 committed fbme diforders in the countries they were 
 palling through, the Viceroy detached a party of Ma- 
 ratta horfe to keep near them on the road, and prevent 
 further difturbances. M. De Bufly, however, arri- 
 ved fafe at Hydrabad, and took poll with his troops in 
 a large houfe in the town, where he had mounted feme 
 guns, and prepared to defend himfelf againft an at- 
 tack. 
 
 M. De Bufly had fecured a good ft:ock of provifions 
 of all forts, by plundering the Bazars : his force con- 
 fifted of four hundred Europeans, and three or four 
 hundred Sepoys, and the French had embarked from 
 Pondichery four or five hundred men, to be landed 
 at Maffulipatam, and to march from thence to (uc- 
 cour M. De Bufly. The march from Malfulapatam 
 -to Hydrabad may be reckoned about fifteen days. 
 
 As the French had made fo large a draft from Pon- 
 dichery, there was the lefs danger to our fettlements of 
 any enterprize from thence ; therefore it was agreed, 
 that about four hundred Europeans, including the train 
 of artillery, and four hundred Sepoys, might be fent 
 with fafety to the afliftance of Salabatzing : for al- 
 though M. De Bufly, if he fliould be joined by all 
 the detachments fent from Pondichery, would have 
 
 L g near 
 
i66 TRANSACTlONSoN 1756. 
 
 near one thoufand men, yet, ffs he had no black 
 troops, he would be liable to be continually harralled 
 and ftarved, while onr party, joined by fifty thoufand 
 horfe, had no fuch diinculties to apprehend. Sala- 
 batzmg had himfelf pointed out the road by wjiich our 
 dera^hmcnt lliould march, aiid Tent orders to all the 
 Polygars antl other officers refiding in the adjacent 
 countries, to furnilh fufficient proviiions. 
 
 Every tiling being thus fettled, the necelTary prepara- 
 tions were making for the march of the troops, when 
 the news came of the furrender of Collembuzar and 
 the danger of Calcutta, hnmediately upon this ad- 
 vice, iMnjor Killpatrick was fent with two hundred and 
 fifty men for Bengal. Frelli applications came from 
 Salabatzing, and it was refolved; notwithftanding the 
 detachment to Bengal, to continue the expedition to 
 Golconda, v\hen the account came of the lofs of Cal- 
 cutta and all the fubordinate factories. The necef- 
 fity of re eftablifhing the fettlements in Bengal (uper- 
 ceded every other conhderation : therefore it was re- 
 fjlved, in this mofl critical juncture, to fend fix hun- 
 red Eun^peans, and a thoufand Sepoys, under the 
 command of Colonel Clive, for that important fer- 
 vice, which was fo happily effeded 
 
 As the Englifh were thus prevented from fupport- 
 ing the Viceroy in his meafures, he was obliged to al- 
 ter his refolutions, and finding that M. De BuiTy was 
 joined by five hnndred Eurojeans under Mr. Law, 
 he (non hearkened to terms of accommodation ^ and 
 the French were again admitted into the iervice of 
 Salabatzing, 
 
 In confequence of this, about the beginning of the 
 next Year, the faiflories of Ingeram, Bandermalanka, 
 and Vizagapatam, were taken by the enemy. As 
 thele events were not unforefecn, immediately upon 
 the re-c<jmmencement of hoftilities, the greateft part 
 of the Company's effecfls were fhipped off, particular- 
 ly from the two former places. The latter was by 
 no means provided to refill: lo large a force as JVl. De 
 
 EulTy 
 
I757* THE COAST OF COR OM AND EL. 167 
 
 Buflfy brought againflit: For he palTed the Chicacole 
 the 20th of June with fix hundred Europeans and 
 fix thoufand Sepoys, and thirty pieces of cannon. He 
 had alfo obliged the Raja to furnifh him with four 
 thoufand pikemen. The garrifon confiAed of one 
 hundred and forty Europeans, and four hundred 'and 
 twenty Sepoys and Topafles. 
 
 On the 24th, about three in the afternoon, a large 
 party of horfe being the van of the army, approached 
 the town, in order to take a view of fome of the 
 out-works ; but being fired at from the Black- Rock 
 battery, retired to a great diftance. Next morning 
 the whole army was come up within two miles, and 
 a confiderable party encamped very near the town. 
 In the afternoon M. De BuiTy fent the following fum- 
 mons to the Chief of the fadory. 
 
 SIR, French Camp, June 25, 1757. 
 
 *' It is, I believe, needlefs to tell you what brings 
 " me before your place ; but I think it necefTary to 
 *' acquaint you of it, by fummoning you to furren- 
 " der it up, and not expofe your felf and your gar- 
 '* rifon by a miftaken bravery, to all the fury which 
 " follows an aflault or efcalade ; an evil which I fhould 
 ** not be able to put a ftop to, having in my army 
 *' barbarous and undifciplined nations. 
 
 " You will avoid this in furrendering, and may de- 
 " pend upon all the good treatment and generofity, 
 ** on which my nation piques itfelf in fuch a cale, and 
 " particularly, Sir, 
 
 " Your moft humble and 
 
 *' Moft obedient fervant, 
 
 « DE BUSS Y." 
 
 L 4 A capitula- 
 
i68 TRANSACTIONSoN 1756 
 
 A capitulation was accepted, in which it was agreed 
 to deliver up the place, the fortirications, the artillery, 
 marine, and military ftores, arms, (hip ftores, &c. 
 to the Company of France ; as alfo all that fhould be 
 found m the different magazines belonging to the H,ng- 
 lilli Company. 
 
 The Chief, the Council, and all tliofe employed in 
 the Engl.fh Company's fervice, the olticers and all 
 others, both civil and military, to be prilbners of war 
 on their parole. 
 
 All the foldiers, failors, and other Europeans, to 
 be priionerp, as long as the war (hould continue be- 
 tween the King of France and the King of England, 
 crtill they fhould be exchanged. 
 
 The Capture of this place gave the French the en- 
 tire polTeJiion of the cocii from Ganjam to MalTulipai- 
 tam. 
 
 While the affairs in the north took this unfavour- 
 able turn, the Company received very little benefit 
 from the fouthern provinces, which were thought to 
 have been peaceably eftabliilied. 
 
 in March, 1756, advice was received from the 
 Nabob, that the Polygars, who vv'ere united againft 
 his brother Mauphus Cawn, had obtained leveral ad- 
 vantages over his troops, and had blocked up a large 
 party in a ftrong fort, between iMadura and Tinne- 
 vclly. He requefted that an European force might 
 be lent to fupport his brother. It being thought im- 
 prudent at that time to part with any number of Eu- 
 ropeans from Fort St. George, or to give the French a 
 pretence for marching to the alhllance of thofe fadti- 
 ous Polygars, Mahomed ICuut Cawn, the Nelloure 
 Subadar who had a commilTion as commander over 
 a'l the Company Sepovs) was fent with a thoufand 
 Sepoys and the Coffree Company from Trichinopo- 
 
 '>■■- 
 
 The day before he began his march, advice was re- 
 ceived that Mauplins Cawn had obtained a compleat 
 victory over the rebels, killed the General, and two 
 
 thoufand 
 
1757- THE COAST OF COROMANDEL. 169 
 
 thoufand Colleries, and taken three hundred horfe, 
 with all the baggage, guns, and fome elephants : the 
 battle was fought within (even miles of Tinnevelly. 
 This viitory was lb far from producing the quiet which 
 might naturally be expected from it, that it ferved on- 
 ly to enable Mauphus Cawn to put in execution the 
 defign he had all along entertained, of making himfelf 
 independent of his brother and his allies. He accord- 
 ingly began to ftir in the Tinnevelly province ; having 
 already, under falfe and frivolous pretences, obliged 
 our Sepoys to leave the fortrefs of Madura. He could 
 then no longer conceal his intentions, and therefore, 
 without pretending to difguife them, he put himfelf at 
 the head of his troops, refolving to oblige Ifouf Cawn 
 entirely to quit the country, as he had already driven 
 him out of Madura. 
 
 In the beginning of the year 1757, Captain Cail- 
 laud, who then commanded in Trichinopoly, was 
 ordered to march from thence to the aifiliance of 
 Ifouf Cawn, with one hundred and twenty Europeans, 
 five hundred Sepoys, and tvvo pieces of cannon. As 
 Madura was now in the pofleflion of the enemy, he 
 was obliged to take a large circuit to get into the 
 Tinnevelly province by another road. Mauphus 
 Cawn, did all in his power to oppofe his march, but 
 to no purpofe i for, on the 17th of March, Captain 
 Caillaud reached Tinnevelly, and joined Ifouf Cawn. 
 .His army then confifled of a few more Europeans 
 and Sepoys, three additional pieces of artillery, and 
 ■about five or fix hundred cavalry. With this force he 
 marched in queft of Mauphus Cawn, whofe troops 
 confifting of cavalry, eafily made their elcape among 
 the woods. Captain Caillaud, knowingit was in vain 
 to purfue them in that country, employed himfelf 
 more ufefully, in fettling accounts with the renter, 
 and remitting fome money to the Company after he 
 had provided for the payment of the army. 
 
 Having 
 
lyo TRANSACTIONSoN 1757. 
 
 Having finifhed this neceffary preliminary, he 
 marched the beginning of May for Madura, the 
 conqiieft: c^ which was of the greateft confequence to 
 the affairs of the two provinces, and arrived before 
 it the twelfth of May. It is a large town, fortified in 
 the old way, with two walls, and round towers at pro- 
 per diftances for flanking, and a ditch. 
 
 Mauphus Cawn had a garrifon there, and on hear- 
 ing of the march of our troops, he threw in another 
 reinforcement ; fo that in all, they had eight or nine 
 hundred cavalry, and about three thoufand black 
 infantry, moft of them with fire arms, fourteen pieces 
 of cannon, with powder and ammunition in plenty. 
 Captain Caillaud had no artillery with him ; he there- 
 fore fent to Trichinopoly for fome battering cannon ; 
 and, in the mean time, was making all the neceffary 
 preparations for the attack, when he received a letter 
 from the Prefidency of Madrafs, acquainting him 
 that the French were in motion, their intentions not 
 known, but fufpecfted to be againft Trichinopoly ; 
 that, if this was confirmed to him, he was, before all 
 things, to confult the fafety of that place. 
 
 He did not, however, think it neceffary, upon a meer 
 report, to abandon his enter prize, but refolved to 
 wait; and, in the mean time, made his difpofitions 
 for the worft that could happen •, but as the call for 
 his forces might be fudden, he took a refolution to 
 make himfelf mafler of Madura by furprize: he was 
 the rather encouraged to it, by obferving a place 
 which feemed to him, on reconnoitring, very fit for 
 anefcalade. The ditch was dry, the firft wall very 
 low, and, by intelligence from within, he knew it was 
 thinly guarded j he therefore made all neceffary pre- 
 parations for the attempt. 
 
 Every thing went on at firft with extraordinary fuc- 
 cefs i the advanced party, with their ladders, had got 
 over the firft wall unperceived and unheard, and were 
 pulling over the longer ladders, to mount the inner 
 
 wall. 
 
1757- THE COAST or COROMANDEL. 17I 
 
 wall. The unavoidable noife of their arms and im- 
 plements, the grating of the ladders again ft the walls, 
 together with the breaking of one of them, alarmed 
 the Gentry, who immediately challenged and fired. 
 The guard which was ncarell hoifted fome blue lights 
 (a compofition they make in that country, of fulphur 
 and antimony, which throws an exceeding clear light 
 all around) by v/hich they faw the afTailants clofe under 
 the wall, preparing for the efcalade, and many more 
 on the glacis, ready to fupport them ; the main body 
 was in a hollow way, out of their fight, but within 
 two hundred yards of the wall. The alarm was given 
 in an inftant, and they began to fire very fmartly from 
 the walls ; none of the troops lay far from their pofts, 
 Co that the fire encreafed every minute, therefore the 
 retreat was ordered, and performed with a very in- 
 con fiderable lofs ; which was the more extraordinary, 
 as the men were fo much expofed. 
 
 Captain Caillaud received a letter that very day 
 from the Prefidency, to inform him, that they did not 
 imagine the French had defigns on Trichinopoly, from 
 the late intelligence received of their motions •, and 
 that they had fent from Fort St. George a fmall rein- 
 forcement to that garrifon : he therefore thought he 
 might have time to finifh the fiege, when the heavy 
 cannon fhould arrive, and had given diredions to the 
 officer who commanded in his abfence at Trichinopo- 
 ly, to fpare no money nor pains for good intelligence, 
 that he might be in time apprized of the enemy's de- 
 figns and motions : but, notwithftanding thefe pre- 
 cautions, the firft intelligence he received was, that the 
 French were in fight of Trichinopoly : however, as 
 his orders obliged him to hold his troops in readinefs 
 againft all events, his difpoiitions were made accord- 
 ingly, and he began his march immediately on receiv- 
 ing the news. He left behind him a good \ art of his 
 army to blockade the place, taking with him all the 
 Europeans, and one thoufand of the beft Sepoys, with 
 four days provifions in their knapfacks. 
 
 Madura 
 
172 TRANSACTIONS ON 1757. 
 
 Madura is an hundred miles from Trichinopoly, 
 and the French, under the command of M. D'Au- 
 teuil, had then inverted the place. They had nine 
 hundred men in battalion, three or four thouland Se- 
 poys,about one hundred European cavalry and huifars, 
 and a much greater number of the country horfe. It 
 was no fmall dirticulty to get into the town, as the ene- 
 my knew of his march, and made, as they thought, 
 a difpofition that could not fail of preventing him. 
 Captain Caillaud was aware, that, if any misfor- 
 tune ihould befal his party, Trichinopoly mult inevi- 
 tably be loft ; but he had an advantage in his know- 
 ledge of the country, and alfo of the proper methods 
 of procuring intelligence. He had by this means a 
 true account of the difpofitions of the French. 
 
 They had formed themfelves in four divifions which 
 made a chain quite a-crofs the plain, in the front of 
 which their cavalry was advanced, and divided into 
 fmall parties, to poffefs the roads and pofts all roimd. 
 One part they had neglected, as thinking it imprac- 
 ticable for troops to march that way : it was a trad of 
 land extending about nine miles to the weft of the 
 town, wholly confifting of plantations of rice. As 
 the grain will not grow in this country, unlelsthe foil 
 be overflowed with water, the fields muft of confe- 
 qucnce be one continued flough, through which it is 
 impoffible to march v/ithout being above the knee in 
 mud at each ftcp. Captain Caillaud finding, as has 
 been faid, every other avenue ftopped, refolved to 
 take his rout by this difficult, and therefore unfufped- 
 ed, way. About two in the afternoon he fet out on 
 the dirett plain road, and continued to purfue the fame 
 courfe for fome miles : this he did to deceive the ene- 
 my, and prevent the danger of a difcovery, if it 
 fhouid have happened that they had any fpies among 
 our people At the clofe of the evening he flruck 
 out of the road, and about ten o'clock got into the 
 rire fields, and, for the next feven hours, the troops 
 purfued their fatiguing march, till the long wi(h'd-for 
 
 day 
 
1757- THE COAST OF COROMANDEL. 173 
 
 day appeared ; they were then within cannon fhot of 
 the fort, which they loon reached, with no fmalljoy 
 and fatisfadion. Captain Caillaud had previoufly de- 
 tached two companies of Sepoys to the right, in order 
 to give the enemy an alarm that wav, and ftill keep 
 up their attention on that fide. Thofe two compa- 
 nies executed their orders perfedly well, fet the enemy 
 in motion, and then retired to the woods, from 
 whence they eafiiy found their way into the town tl'ie 
 following night. 
 
 The French could not at firft believe the party was 
 got in, but were foon convinced of it, and that very 
 night repaffed the river, and went on the iOand of Se- 
 ringham. M. D'Auteuil was greatly blamed for hist 
 bad manoeuvre, and ordered to return to Pondichery : 
 upon his arrival there the command of the army was 
 taken from him. 
 
 The manner in which the French came fo unexpec- 
 tedly upon Trichinopoly is too artful to be paifed over 
 unnoticed. 
 
 The declaration of war in Europe had to this time 
 produced very little alteration in the affairs of the 
 Coaft ; for, after parting with fo confiderable a portion 
 of our flrength for the Bengal expedition, which re- 
 duced us to an equality with Pondichery, we could 
 not hope to obtain, by a commencement of hoftilities, 
 any advantage equivalent to the expence of taking 
 the field •, and therefore our endeavours had been to 
 preferve the tranquillity of the province, to the end 
 that the colled^ion of the revenues, m which the Com- 
 pany had now fo great a concern, might not be inter- 
 rupted, and the French receiving no fupplies from 
 Europe to render them greatly (iiperior to us, had re- 
 mained alfo quiet ; realoning, no doubt, upon the 
 fame principles. At laft, upon the arrival of two 
 fi-iips, which landed at mofl two hundred men, they 
 grew impatient of repofe, and though not daring to 
 avow their defigns, they found it no d fficult matter to 
 form a pretext for taking the field : for while the two 
 
 companies, 
 
174 TRANSACTIONSoN 1757. 
 
 companies, for fear of giving each other alarm, for- 
 bore to quell the irregularities of the petty Governors 
 by force of arms, thofe turbulent chiefs, who knew 
 no other law than the fword, had made continual in- 
 vafions on the countries adjacent to their little forts, 
 and grievoully opprefTed the inhabitants v/ith their de- 
 predations and exadions. 
 
 They had pradifed thefe outrages, with impunity, 
 for the reafons abovementioned, and might fliU have 
 continued the fame, but that the French, to conceal 
 their intended furprize of Trichinopolv, chofe to give 
 out that M! D'Auteuil, who marched firll with only 
 two hundred men, had no other purpofe than to de- 
 mand fatisfadion of Meer Saib, the Governor of El- 
 lavanafore, for ravages he had committed on fome of 
 their neighbouring villages. The more effedually to 
 difguife their real dcfigns, they adual'y advanced near 
 the fort of Ellavanafore, and being repulfed by Meer 
 Saib might have paid dear for their attempt, had not 
 that refolute Chief received a wound, of which he 
 died a few Days after. The conflernation his death 
 occafioned, being increafed by a reinforcement which 
 M. Auteuil received from Pondichery, determined 
 Meer Saib's brother to abandon the fort, and the 
 French took pofTeffion of it the 13th of April. For 
 the fame purpofe, alfo, they pretended difputes with 
 WorriarpoUam, and other ; laces lying on that road. 
 
 M, Dauteuil, leaving a fmall garriibn at Ellavana- 
 fore, moved with the body of the army, firft, to Ver- 
 dachilum, where being joined by a reinforcem.ent from 
 Pondichery, Karical, and all their oiher garrilbns, he 
 marched the 4th of May and encamped near Worriar- 
 poUam, and on the 7th made an attack upon one of 
 the pafles of the woods, but was repulfed. He then 
 accommodated matters with the Polygars, who were 
 malters of thofe pafles, on the promife ff a (um of' 
 money ; and moved on with fuch expedition, that an 
 advanced party encamped near Seringham the 12th; 
 and on the 13th M. D'Auteuil croffed the river with 
 
 the 
 
» 
 
 1757- THE Coast OF COROMANDEL. 17$ 
 
 the whole army, and took poll at Worriour, a pagoda 
 two miles and a half weft of Trichinopoly. 
 
 The deligns of the French, which had been fug- 
 gefted by private intelligence, were now too apparent; 
 therefore, on the nth of April, a reinforcement of 
 fifty men were ordered from Fort St. David, to march 
 with all fpeed to Trichinopoly, 
 
 The great confequence of that place, from the 
 ftrength of the fortification, the large trad of coun- 
 try it commands, as it may be called the key to Ma- 
 dura and Tinnevelly, and, above all, the number of 
 four hundred French prifoners which were there con- 
 fined, determined the Prefidency of Madrafs, upon 
 the firfl news of the march of the enemy from Wor- 
 riarpollam. to make all the efforts in their power for 
 its fafety. They could take their meafures with the 
 lefs rifque, fince the French had drained all their gar- 
 rifbns fo far, that Pondichery itfeif was left with very 
 few Europeans fit for duty : therefore, having already 
 lent a detachment from Fort St. David to Trichonopo- 
 ly, m order to caufe a diverfion they prepared three 
 hundred Europeans to march from Madrafs, with five 
 hundred Seapoys, to bejoined by a party under Colo- 
 nel Forde, The Colonel had been fent, at the requeft 
 of the Nabob, againfthis* brother, NazeabullaCawn, 
 Governor of Nelloure ; who having refufed to be ac- 
 countable for his arrears, had entered into a correfpon- 
 dence with the French Chief at Mafliilipatam, and 
 procured from him an afliftance of feventy or eighty 
 military, and fome Sepoys. Abdul Vahab Cawn, who 
 was left there with the Nabob's troops, not being able 
 to collecft money to pay them, was obliged to trome 
 away, fo that NazeabuUaCawn had the entire pofTelTion 
 of the country. He had not admitted the French par- 
 ty int(j the fort, but kept them with his army, which 
 he then employed in fubduing the neighbouring Poly- 
 gars. It was to be feared they would find an oppor- 
 tunitv of taking pofieffion of the fort, unlefs we took 
 fome fteps to prevent them ; for Nazeabulla Cawn, in 
 
 return 
 
 * He was a natural fen of the Nabob's father. 
 
176^ TRANSACTIONS ON 1757, 
 
 return for the airiftance received from the French, had 
 already made over to them fome (hare of his country, 
 and particularly the ports of Ramahatam and Kiftna- 
 patam ; places with which the Madrafs-merchants have 
 a confiderable commerce. 
 
 Colonel Forde was ordered to Nelloure with a de- 
 tachment of one hundred Europeans, fifty Coffrees, 
 and three hundred Sepoys ; with two field pieces, one 
 eighteen-pounder, and three royals. The Sepoyg 
 were fent over-land to Kiftnapatam, and Colonel 
 Forde proceeded by fea, with the reft of the detach- 
 ment, for the fame place, where he difembarked the 
 the troops, and was joined by the Sepoys, and Abdul 
 Vahob Cawn ; who, afcer the ulual delays of thofe 
 people, fupplied him, at laft, with bullocks and other 
 neceflaries for his march. 
 
 The fort of Nelloure, which is twelve miles from 
 Kiftnapatam, is about twice as large as Madrafs. It 
 has five gates, two large and three fmall ones, and is 
 furrounded by a mud wall, which is very broad at the 
 bottom, and about three feet thick on the top of the 
 rampart. It is almoft furrounded by a dry ditch, ex- 
 cept on the north Ade, where is a river, which in the 
 rainy feafon only, has v/ater in it. 
 
 Colonel Forde having battered the fort three days, 
 at length made a pra(5ti cable breach on the 5th of 
 May, and began the alfault at break of day, in the 
 following order : The Coffrees, Enfign Elliot at their 
 head, marched with great refolution to the foot of the 
 breach, three companies of Sepoys followed them 
 very clofe till they came within fixty paces of the 
 breach, and then lav dov/n in a ditch, and could not 
 be got to advance a ftep farther, fo that the Europe- 
 ans were obliged to march over them to the breach j 
 v/herejoining the Coffrees, they advanced to the top 
 of it ; but were fo warmly received by the people in 
 the fort, with pikes, firelocks, and ftones, that it was 
 impollible for them to get over. In this fituation the 
 fight was continued three quarters of an hour, and 
 
 then 
 
1757- THE COAST OF COROMANDEL. 177 
 
 then the Sepoys ran away as faft as they could to- 
 wards our battery. The Colonel, now convinced 
 that nothing could be done with his force, deferted 
 by the Sepoys, againft fo gallant a defence, ordered a 
 retreat, which was conducted with fuch good order, 
 that not a man was hurt aker they had left the at- 
 tack ; but, while they continued in the breach, the 
 a(f\ion was uncommonly brifk. Our people behaved 
 with great refolution, and had forty killed and wound- 
 ed, with about fifty Cotfrees and Sepoys : all thefe 
 men were wounded in fuch a manner as to be render- 
 ed unfit for prefent adion ; but there were fcarce any 
 of the affailants who came off without bruifes and 
 contufions, from ftones, pikes, or clubs ; for, with 
 fuch weapons, numbers of the people in the place op- 
 pofed and greatly incommoded them. 
 
 Colonel Forde, having no dependance on any but 
 his own people, and thofe being greatly reduced, and 
 alfo great part of the ammunition expended, he flop- 
 ped all further proceedings till he heard from the 
 Prefidency of Madrafs, whom he immediately ac- 
 quainted with the foregoing particulars. At the time 
 thefe advices arrived at Madrafs, the French were 
 encamped nearer to that place than our troops would- 
 be when before Nellour : therefore it was judged more 
 prudent to give up that undertaking, than to hazard 
 a detachment to the northward •, whereas, by march- 
 ing to the fbuthward, they could at once prevent the 
 defigns of the enemy on Trichinopoly, and ferve as 
 a barrier between them and Fort St. George *, there-, 
 fore they fent out three hundred Europeans to tlie 
 fouthward, and difpatched orders to Colonel Forde ,to 
 join them with all his force. 
 
 While the neceffary preparations were making for 
 the march of the forces from Madrafs, Captain Poller 
 was ordered from Chengalaput and Carangoly, to en- 
 deavour to reduce Outremalour, a fort pofTefTed by 
 the French, iituate about fifteen miles from Chenga- 
 laput, and eight from Carangoly. On the approach 
 
 M of 
 
178 TRANSACTIONS ON 1757. 
 
 of the party from Carangoly, the French garrifon, 
 which confifled only of Sepoys, abandoned the fort 
 before Captain Polier*s arrival : he left about forty 
 Sepoys in charge of it, and then returned towards 
 Chengalaput, near to which he encamped, in readi- 
 nefs to join the army from Fort St. George, By this 
 time the French garrifon of Allumparva, being rein- 
 forced by fea from Pondichery, fo as to make up about 
 one hundred Europeans and TopalTes, and three hun- 
 dred Sepoys, marched from thence, and retook Ou- 
 tremalour. 
 
 Colonel Adlercron refolving to command in perfon 
 the intended expedition for the relief of Trichinopoly, 
 marched from Fort St. George the 26th -, and, left the 
 French redoubts of Waldour and Villenour fhould 
 caufe any delay in his pafTing by the direct road to 
 Fort St. David, he took the rout of Chengalaput and 
 Wandewafh; and as he judged it neceffary to halt at 
 fome place for Colonel Forde to come up with his par- 
 ty, it was recommended to him to employ that fpare 
 time in a fecond redudion of Outremalour, and in 
 demolifhing that fort. It was hoped that they might 
 then be able to garrifon Chengalaput and Carangoly, 
 in fuch manner as to cover all thofe diftricts ; which, 
 thus proteded, would bring a confiderable revenue 
 to the Company. On the approach of Colonel Ad- 
 lercron, the garrifon evacuated the place and threw 
 themfelves into Wandewafu. 
 
 While the Colonel was detained at Outremalour, in 
 deftroying the fortifications of that place, he received 
 letters from the Prefidency, to acquaint him, that, 
 fmce Capt. Caillaud had fucceeded in throwing fuc- 
 cours into Trichinopoly, they were no longer in pain 
 for that fort ; and therefore requefted him immediate- 
 ly to inveft the fortrefs of Wandewafh, and to pufh 
 the attack with the utmoft vigour, that he might 
 get pofleflion of it before the French army could 
 come to its relief. They were urgent for this under- 
 taking, on account of the Governor's behaviour, who 
 
 had 
 
1757. THE COAST OF COROMANDEL. 179 
 
 had paid the Nabob no tribute fince the year 1 752 ; 
 and alfo, during that time had been a conftant favourer 
 of the French, who, under cover of that fort, had 
 been enabled to make the moft fudden incurfions into 
 all the diftrids of the Arcot province. The redud:i- 
 on of this fortrefs would not only have prevented this 
 inconvenience for the future, but the place itfelf would 
 have been ot the utmoft conlequence to the Nabob 
 and his allies, as being produdive of large revenues, 
 and alfo capable of ferving as a barrier for the neigh- 
 bouring countries. 
 
 Colonel Adlercron marched with the army on the 
 5 th of June to Wandewafh, and the next day entered 
 the town ; but, before the heavy cannon could come 
 up, the greateft part of the French army from Tri* 
 chinopoly reached Pondichery, and marched out again 
 to the relief of Wandewafh : v^'hereupon Colonel Ad 
 lercron, judging it impradticable to execute the plan 
 which had been concerted at Madrafs, refolved to 
 wait for dire<5\ions from thence ; and, in the mean time, 
 withdrew from the town, and encamped a few miles 
 oflf. The Prefidency, being fenfible that the colleded 
 force of the French would exceed our numbers, could 
 not reafonably hope to obtain any confiderable 
 advantage by keeping the field, and were therefore 
 defirous of putting an end to the expence ; accord- 
 ingly, they wrote to Colonel Aclercron to return with 
 the army to Madrafs, They imagined that the French 
 would alfo confider, that our force was fufiicient to 
 obitrud; any attempt on their fide, and would there- 
 fore recall their troops to Pondichery. 
 
 Before Colonel Adlercron began his march for Ma- 
 drafs the enemy's army had reached Wandewafh ; and, 
 a very few hours after he left Outremalour, a party 
 of French took pofTeifion of it. Notwithftanding the 
 enemy moved fo clofe after him. Colonel Adlercron 
 neither advifed the Prefidency of their proceedings, nor 
 waited to Hop their progrefs, but continued his march 
 towards Madrafs : the confequence of which was, 
 M z that, 
 
180 TRANSACTIONSoN 1757. 
 
 that, on the very day he left Chengalaput, they made 
 a forced march from Outremalour to Conjeveram, 
 phindered the town, and attacked the fort, or walled 
 pagoda ; which was, hoM'ever, fo well defended by a 
 Serjeant and two companies of Sepoys, that they 
 were repulfed, with the lofs of an officer and fix Eu- 
 ropeans killed, and about ten wounded. When this 
 news reached Madrafs the army was arrived within 
 fix miles of that place. The Governor and Council 
 thought it highly neceiTary they fhould immediately 
 march again, to protect their poirelnons from further 
 devaftations. 
 
 Colonel Lawrence, who on every occafion fliewed 
 the moft earneft difpofition to contribute in any fhape 
 to the advancement of all military operations, offered 
 to join the army as a volunteer •, and, when it was 
 imagined Trichinopoly would have been the fcene of 
 a(5lion, his intention was to proceed with the troops 
 from Fort St. David for the defence of that place. 
 Afterwards, when the French army returned from Tri- 
 chinopoly and were colleded at Wandewafh, he offer- 
 ed to embark with all the men that could be fpared 
 from Fort St. David, and to land at Sadrafs, in order 
 to join the army in the moft expeditious manner. Be- 
 ing fenfible how much his abilities and experience 
 would contribute to the regulation and good condudt 
 of the army, and judging Fort St. David to be free 
 from all danger, as the whole French force was on 
 the other fide, the Prefidency approved of this pro- 
 pofal, and Colonel Lawrence accordingly landed near 
 Sadrafs, with about one hundred men, the 22d ot 
 June, three days after the march of the army -, which 
 he joined on the other fide of Chengalaput. 
 
 The army then advanced towards the enemy, and 
 tookpoft the iQth of July within four miles of them. 
 The French were ftrongly intrenched about a mile 
 from Wandewalh As their troops were manifetUy 
 difconrented, which appeared by their frequent deler- 
 tion, and our men were all in good fpirits and eager 
 
 ior 
 
1755- THE COAST OF C O R O M A N D E L. i8i 
 
 for an engagement, all poflible endeavours were ufed 
 to induce the enemy to come out of their entrench- 
 ments. On the 17th fome of the Nabob's horfe, fup- 
 ported by a fmall party of Europeans, werefent with- 
 in cannon (hot of their camp, in hopes that a de- 
 tachment would be lent out againff them, and a gene- 
 ral adion brought on by that means, but all was in 
 vain ; and, as their entrenchments were defended by 
 feveral batteries, and they had a great fuperiority alio 
 in the number of their troops, it was judged that they 
 could not be attacked in fuch a poft without too great 
 hazard. The continuance of the army in their en- 
 campment in this ftate of inadion, was only a ufelefs 
 expence -, tlierefore, to reduce it as far as prudence 
 would admit, Colonel Adlercron was defired to (end 
 part of the army to Chengalaput and Carangoly, and 
 the remainder to Conjeveram. This place, being 
 fituated in the center of our pofTefTions, was a conve- 
 nient flation for the troops to move from, which ever 
 way the enterprizes of the enemy might make it ne- 
 celfary. 
 
 The enemy remained about Wandewafh till the 
 20th of September, when they moved againft Chette- 
 put with a body of eighteen hundred Europeans, Ni- 
 zar Mahomed Cawn, affifted with a Serjeant and fix- 
 teen men from Fort St. George, defended the place 
 to the I all extremity, and even after the enemy had 
 got pofleffion of the fort he fought them in the 
 Itreets till he was killed with a mufket ball ; his fami- 
 ly then defiroyed themfelves, and a vail flaughter was 
 made among his troops. This obllinate defence coft 
 the behegers alfo a great number of men. 
 
 The French withdrawing from the neighbourhood 
 of Trichinopoly, left Captain Caillaud at liberty to 
 proceed for the redudion of Madura ; but, as the 
 enemy found employment for all the troops that coula 
 be fpared from Madrafs, it was impolhble to reinforce 
 him with fuch a itrength as fhould fecure him fuqcefs. 
 
 M 3 * Without 
 
l82 WAR ON THE ^757- 
 
 Without waiting for farther fupplies, he took with 
 hiiPi fuch a force as he thought might be fpared from 
 Trichinopoly without weakening the garrifon too 
 much, and marched the 27th of June with ninety mili- 
 tary, four hundred Sepoys, and two twenty four poun- 
 ders ; with thefe he joined Lieutenant Rumbold, who 
 had maintained his poft before Madura with the Cof- 
 frtes and Sepoys left und r his command. It took up 
 fbme days to make the neceiTary preparations for erec- 
 ting a battery, which was opened on the 9th, and a 
 breach made before noon. Captain Caillaud thought 
 it advifeable to aiTault the breach without delay, left 
 the befieged fhould throw up feme works within du- 
 ring the night. 
 
 The diipofition being made, he began the attack at 
 two in the afternoon ; but the breach was fo vigorouf- 
 ly defended, that the beft of his troops were either 
 killed or difabled in the attempt •, the reft fell back, 
 and it was impofiinleto prevent a general retreat, or to 
 perfuade the remains of the army to a fecond attack : 
 neither was it advi(eable, at a time when the befieged 
 were elated with having killed and wounded, upon 
 this occafion, between thirty and forty Europeans and 
 CofFrees, and a hundred Sepoys. 
 
 Captain Caillaud refolving to wait for an opportuni- 
 ty to renew his attempt, in the mean time, made the 
 proper difpofitions for reducing the place by famine •, 
 but as this method might take up fo much time as to 
 prolong his ftay till the arrival of the French fleet, he 
 eagerly caught at the firft opening for a treaty, and 
 though the propofals of Mauphus Cawn's people were 
 moft exorbitant, he did not raftily rejeil them, but by 
 degrees abating the terms, reduced them at length to 
 ja hundred and feventy thoufand roupees. He then 
 concluded the bargain, and Madura was delivered up 
 to him juft at the time that the French fleet arrived. 
 This event making it neceiTary to provide for the de- 
 fence of all the garrifons ; orders were fent to with- 
 draw 
 
1757- COAST OF COROMANDEL. 183 
 
 draw the troops from the Tinevelly country, and Cap- 
 tain Caillaud returned to Trichinopoly ; leaving a 
 large garrifon of Sepoys at Madura, under the com- 
 mand of Ifouf Cawn. 
 
 Mauphus Cawn being now matter of all the reve- 
 nue of Tinevelly, the diftrids of Madura alone were 
 not fufficient to defray the expence of maintaining the 
 fort . 
 
 The coaft was at this time in danger of being dl- 
 fturbed by other powers as well as the French. 
 
 The IViaratlas, who are continually traverfmg thcfe 
 immenfe countries with their vafl bodies of horfe, in 
 a mod incredible manner, having, within the lail two 
 years, conquered large di(lri<5ts in manydiftant parts 
 of the Deckan, had alfo entered the kingdom of Maif^ 
 fore, and at each time carried away upwards of thirty 
 Jack of roupees. The Nanna Balazerow, in his return, 
 polTelTed himfelf of the fort and country of Serah, the 
 next province to Cadapah. He left Balaventerow, his 
 General, with about eight thoufand horfe, atCa- 
 danattam, a place about eighty miles from Arcot. His 
 orders were to demand the Chout of the Arcot and 
 Trichinopoly countries, which had been unpaid for 
 fome years paft. For this purpofe he fent a Vakeel to 
 the Nabob, and another to Pondichery. Balazerow 
 made a demand of forty lack of roupees ; but, upon 
 the reprefentation of the Nabob, who defcribed to the 
 Vakeel the ftate of his country for fome years pad, 
 and affured him that not only the whole revenues of 
 the diflrids in his poiTefTion, but every roupee he 
 could borrow befides, had been fpent in oppofing the 
 defigns of the French, who would otherwife have fub- 
 dued the whole Carnatick, the Vakeel reduced the 
 demand to three lack ; and, upon the Nabob's fur- 
 ther inftances, to two lack and a half, one half to be 
 paid immediately, the other in one month. The Na- 
 bob thought this a more reafonable accommoda- 
 
 M 4 tion 
 
i84 ••' M A R A T T A S. 1757, 
 
 dation than could have been expei^cd ; but not being 
 able to raife that fum himlelf, reconnnncnded to the 
 Prefidency to confVnt to theie terms, and advance the 
 money, Thelowftateof their treafury put it out of 
 their power to comply with this requeft ^ nor could 
 they, at any time, with prudence, pay fuch a lum 
 upon'ia mere demand, without making fome agree- 
 ment, or terms of alliance, for the good of their af- 
 fairs. In hopes to gain time, as fljips from Europe 
 were every day expeded, they wrote to the Maratra 
 Vakeel at Arcot, defiring him to come and fettle the 
 affair in difpute at Madrafs ; and, at the fame 
 time, recommended to the Nabob to accompany 
 him. 
 
 Although the Vakeel had told the Nabob that the 
 French had offered four lack of roupeestothe Marat-; 
 ta General, to engage him in their alliance, and hint- 
 ed, that the confequence of our not complying im- 
 mediately with the terms offered, would be the ruin of 
 the countries in our pofTeflion, yet it was not appre- 
 hended that the Nanna had impowered this officer to 
 proceed to fuch extremities : neither could it be fuppo- 
 led diat the French were able to make good fo large 
 an offer as four lack, having reduced their own finan- 
 ces to ^s low an ebb as tliofe of their neighbours ; but 
 it is natural to the Moons, in ali their tranfacStions, to 
 rilfx a proportion of falfhood, and, if they fancy they 
 can carry their point by it, they pride themfelves in 
 the conceit of their art and cunning. ■ 
 
 =^'|rK6 Nabob arrived at Madrafs the 8th of Augufl 
 1*757^ with Amoortarow, the Maratta Vakeel, and 
 fome days were employed in reprefenting to Amoorta- 
 rbw thie vafl expence which the Nabob and the Com- 
 pany had been at to preferve the country from the 
 entire dominion of the Frc?nch -, but the endeavours 
 of the Prefidency, by that argument, to avoid the 
 payment he demandedj v/ere fruitlefs, and all their 
 
 *' ' remonllrances 
 
1757. M A R A T T A S. 185 
 
 remonflrances of very little weight, the Nabob ha- 
 \ing abfolutely engaged with Amoortarow, before he 
 left Arcot, to pay the furn of two hundred and fifty 
 thoufand roupees. Whenever it was propofed to 
 Amoorfrow to abate in his demand, his anfwer was, 
 conftantly, that he had the Nabob's promife, and 
 flioald get the money from him. The Maratta feem- 
 ed determined, in cafe it was not paid, tolaywafte 
 the countries in the poffellion of the Nabob and the 
 Company, vhich was certainly in the power of an army 
 of eight thoufand horfe. Such a force was then with- 
 in eighty miles of Arcot, and might have feized a fum 
 far exceeding their demand, as ir was the time of 
 the * Tripety fea^-, during which folemnity the grea- 
 teft part of the revenues are ufually colleded at the 
 pagoda. The f*refidency therefore agreed, upon thefe 
 confiderations, to enable the Nabob to pay the fum 
 in queftion, by allowing it to be deducted out of the 
 fecond half of his allignmeHt of eight lack to the Com- 
 pany, 
 
 Notwithftanding the power of the Marattas was fb 
 well known, and had been of late fo univerfally felt, 
 fuch is the reliefs fpirit of all the Indian as well as 
 Moorifh Chiefs, that Morarow, who had, not long 
 fmce, brought himfelf and the Nabob ot' Savanore 
 to the neceflity of imploring pardon from the Nanna, 
 was now propofing a league, between himfelf, the 
 Nabobs of Cadapah and Canoul, and the King of 
 Maifibre, with intent to retake Serah from the Nanna, 
 
 Jib &fi 5-l3f!w ,rtot srl3 01 ^^^::c-: ^^1 
 
 * Tripety is a pagoda fituated upon a hill about one hundred 
 and fi.'ty miles N. N. W. of Madrafs. It is held in the fame vene- 
 ration by the Gentoos, as Mecca is by the Mahometans. An an- 
 nual feaft is held at Tripety, in the month of September, at which 
 time a great number of devotees refort to the pagoda ; and from 
 the prefents made by fuch a multitude of votaries, alarge revenue 
 accrues to the Nabob. None but Gentoos, of different tribes, are 
 permitted to afcend the facied hill on v^hich the pagoda ftands. 
 
i86 M A R A T T A S. 1757. 
 
 and prevent his getting any footing in the Carnatick. 
 Gjuld this treaty have been accomplifhed with any 
 profped of fuccefs, it mad be granted, that it might 
 have been a glorious barrier againft the inroads of that 
 deftrudtive power. The propofal was fpecious, and 
 would have had the approbation, and, polTibiy, the 
 concurrence of the Engiifh, could it have been con- 
 fidered as a fyftem of cool and lafting policy ; but it 
 was rather to be fufpeded of having its foundation in 
 ambition or revenge, and as it proved, was only a 
 means of provoking the Marattas to make thole 
 countries the feat of war, and of throwing them the 
 iooner into their hands. Upon the fir ft advice of this 
 intended confederacy, Balaventarow marched againft 
 the Nabob of Cadapah, and killing him in a battle, 
 took the greateft part of the country into his own 
 hands ; but Abdul Mahomed Cawn, with fomeof the 
 relations and troops of the late Nabob, throwing 
 themfelves into Sydoat fort, maintained themfelves 
 for a time ; but were at laft obliged to accommodate 
 with the befiegers for a fum of money, and the deli- 
 very of half the country to the Marattas. 
 
 During the time thefe tranfadions were on foot, 
 Amoortarow the Vakeel, with a part of the Maratta 
 troops, went agjinft Trepalour, which is alio in the 
 dependency of Cadapah ; but he was lefs fuccefsful 
 than his mafter, for having attempted an affault, he 
 met with fo vigorous a repulfe that great part of his 
 forces were cut off, and himfelf mortally wounded 
 and carried prifoner to the fort, where he died a few 
 days after. The Marattas, during their ftay in thofe 
 parts, colleded feveral fums of money from the dif- 
 ferent Polygars to the northward ; and then went off 
 towards Poora, to join Balazerow. 
 
 From the(e, and many more inftances, it has been 
 fhewn how great a check the Marattas have been up- 
 on the Moori'h Government, and that it is owing to 
 their arms alone that the Mahometans have been pre- 
 vented 
 
1757- M A R A T T A S. 187 
 
 vented from the ufurpation of the whole peninfu- 
 la. 
 
 As the Moors are a luxurious people, in a few years 
 of peace they grow enervated by their debaucheries, 
 and foon degenerate into (loth and effeminacy. It may 
 alfo be added, that a general corruption of manners, 
 and treachery to one another, would greatly conduce 
 to render them an eafy prey to the Marattas, when- 
 ever they fhould take the refolution to expel them 
 the country. And though there is not a Governor, 
 in the highefl: rank of power and independency, but 
 what fbiles himfelf, a thoufand times in the ordinary 
 tranfaction of the day, The Slave of the Mogul, 
 there is not one of them in the whole empire that pays 
 the lead regard to the mofl folemn orders of that mo- 
 narch, or that will march his troops to quell any dan- 
 gerous commotion, or ftir for the prefervation of the 
 life or throne of his mafter. 
 
 The only balance to the power of the Marattas is a 
 race of northern people, inhabiting the mountains of 
 Candahar, commonly known in India by the name of 
 Pattans, though they are more generally called Ag- 
 wans on the other fideot the country ; and under that 
 name conquered Ifpahan in the year 1722. They are 
 Mahometans, yet no lefs enemies to the Moorifh go- 
 vernment than the Marattas, or other Indians. They 
 are faid to have been defcended from an ancient colo- 
 ny of Arabians, who entered the country four hundred 
 years before Tamerlane, and built the city of Maflu- 
 lipatam ; from thence extending their conqueft north- 
 ward, they founded Patna in Bengal, and at lall over- 
 ran the whole country to the weft, and were maflers 
 of Delli when Tamerlane firft appeared in India. As 
 they were always reckoned good foldiers, they are 
 now confidered as the very beft infantry in the whole 
 empire i and it is natural to fuppofe they ftiould be 
 fuch, fince they have been inhabitants of the northern 
 mountains. 
 
 This 
 
i88 P A T T A N S. 1757. 
 
 This warlike nation made themfelves formidable 
 to Nadir Shaw, in his march ; and after that con- 
 queror had left the iMogul empire in the weak and 
 indefenfible ftate to which he had reduced it, the 
 Pattans invaded it, on a fuppofition that it was then 
 in too low a condition to be able to refill the force 
 which he at that time thought was fufficient to bring 
 again (I it. 
 
 As foon as the Emperor was apprized of their 
 march, he ailembled his council, and fitting on his 
 throne, furrounded by his Generals and twenty-two 
 principal Omrahs, held in his hand a betel, which, 
 according to the cuflom of the country, he offered to 
 that chief who fhould immediately engage to take the 
 command of the army and repulfe the enemies of 
 his country. So univerfaJ was the effeminacy or 
 treachery of the courtiers, that not one of them ad- 
 vanced to take the betel as a pledge of their fideli- 
 ty ; which the young Prince, being then about eigh- 
 teen, obferving with extreme concern, prefented 
 himlelf to his father, with earned entreaties that he 
 might be permitted to receive it. 
 
 His father refufed him, reprefenting to him, that 
 it was not proper for the heir of the empire to expofe 
 himlelf in fo perilous an enterprize, while there were 
 fo manv experienced Generals more fit for that fer- 
 vice. On the other hand, the Omrahs all maintain- 
 ed, that, as his fon had offered to take the betel, he 
 alone ihould put himfeif at the head of the troops ; 
 and joining with the Prince in folicitations, prevailed 
 at length upon the En.neror, who immediately gave 
 his orders for the raifir,^ of three hundred thoufand 
 iren. 
 
 The Omrahs, withdra mg from court, entered 
 into a confpiracy, and gainirig, t he Chiefs of the feve- 
 ral corps which competed this army, fo haflily af- 
 fembled, concerted with them t'; betray the Prince, 
 
 The young hero, being infon nM of the plot that 
 was laid againft his life, a little before he gave battle 
 
 to 
 
1757- AFFAIRS OF DELL I. 189 
 
 to the Pattans, had the addrefs privately to fecure 
 the perlbns of thofe treacherous commanders ; he 
 then attacked the enemy, and, gaining a compleat 
 vidtory, obliged them to quit the country by a preci- 
 pitate flight. While the Prince was thus glorioully 
 delivering his country from the Pattans, the confpi- 
 rators in the capital caufed it to be reported, that he 
 was fallen in batde, and, entering the palace, feized on 
 the Emperor, and Ibangled him, giving out that he 
 had poi Toned himfelf in afit of delpair, occalloned by 
 the lofs of the battle and the death of his fon. This 
 horrible aflalTmation could not be concealed from the 
 Prince, who was now returning in triumph to Delli. 
 He was fenfible of the danger that threatened his own 
 life from fo formidable a confpiracy, and to avoid it, 
 adopted the llratagem which his great grandfather Au- 
 renzeb pradifed on another occailon. He appeared 
 inconfolabie for the lofs of his tather, pretending to 
 believe that he died a natural death : he tore off his 
 garments, and took the habit of a Fakeer, declaring 
 publickly, that he renounced the world, and that he 
 would never more have concern in the government. 
 A Court of juftice for a ftate criminal is a thing 
 unheard of in thefe lawlefs governments -, and there 
 is no way of punifhing a traitor but by turning againit 
 him his own arts of treachery and deceit. 
 
 The Prince aded his part fo well, that he deceiv- 
 ed the confpirators, who went out to meet him, with 
 adurances of their readinefs to acknowledge him for 
 their mafter and King. He received them with a 
 declaration of his intentions to give up the crown, 
 and even to retire from the world. He told them, 
 that, as it was neceflary fo vafl an empire Ihould not 
 be deftitute of a head, he muft entreat their alliftance 
 to dired him in the choice of an emperor, defiring 
 that they would aflemble in his palace that evening, 
 to deliberate on this important affair. 1 he Omrahs 
 retired flattering themfelves that they fhould now 
 have an opportunity of fetting up a creature of their 
 
 own 
 
I90 A F F A I R S OF D E L L I. 1757. 
 
 own; while A met Shaw, for that was the name of 
 the young Emperor, entered the royal palace, and 
 prepared a number of trufty perfons, whom he 
 placed on each fide of the doors of the fever al ave- 
 nues which led to his inner court. 
 
 The entrance to the apartments of Eaflern Princes 
 is fo difpofed, with a view to prevent the fudden ir- 
 ruption of alTaflins, that there is no approaching the 
 prefence chamber but through long oblique pallages, 
 wherein, at intervals, there are receifes for the polling 
 of guards. This contrivance at once fecures the 
 monarch from the attempts of the moft determined 
 villains; and, at the fame time, affords him an op- 
 portunity for executing his purpofes on thofe who have 
 incurred his difpleafure. 
 
 Every thing being difpofed for the reception of the 
 Omrahs, they were each introduced, as they arrived 
 to thefe fatal avenues ; and, as they flooped to 
 pais the curtains, which are generally kept lowered, 
 they were feized by the guards, and immediately re- 
 ceived the juft reward of their crimes. 
 
 Thus the Emperor Amet Shaw eftablilhed him- 
 felf, for a while, in the quiet poffeflion of the throne, 
 by triumphing at once over his foreign and domef- 
 tick enemies. But it was not long before the peace 
 of Delli was more fatally diflurbed ; for the Pat tan 
 Chief retiring to Lahore, in a little time affembled a 
 much more formidable army, and entering Delli, 
 gave up the town to be plundered three days by his 
 foldiers. In the mean time, he took to himfelf all 
 that was to be found in the royal treafury, and re- 
 quired of the colledlors of the publick revenues, that 
 they fhould be accountable to him for all they had 
 received. He then marched home, being fuppofed 
 to have taken away more riches, except jewels, than 
 Nadir Shaw carried out of the country. He made 
 no revolution, and, it is faid, no alteration in the go- 
 vernment of Indoftan, and yet he affumed a kind of 
 fovereignty over it ; but when he returned to La- 
 
 hoie. 
 
1758. NAVAL OPERATIONS. 191 
 
 hore, he drew a line from north to fbuth, afluming 
 to himlelf a vaft extent of country to the weft of that 
 line, which was before, at leaft nominally, depen- 
 dent on the emprie of Indoftan ; there he left his 
 fon Timur as Governor of his new dominions, 
 and gave no further diflurbance to Indoftan till the 
 year 1757. 
 
 Before we enter on the moft important of all the 
 military operations on the Coromandel coaft, it may 
 be ufeful to take a view of the ftrength of the refpec- 
 tive Companies. 
 
 The French had nineteen hundred Europeans on 
 the coaft, exclufive of thofe with M. De Bulfy, be- 
 fore the arrival of their fquadron in September. This 
 fleet brought a reinforcement of one thoufand mili- 
 tary, which, added to a number of failors that were 
 landed, nearly compleated three thoufand five hundred 
 men. The Englilh having no more than one thou- 
 fand three hundred of the Company's troops, had en- 
 creafed them by enlifting three hundred and thirty- 
 four of Colonel Adlercron's regiment, when that 
 officer, with his corps, was ordered home ; and as 
 the China l"hips brought them only eighty-four fol- 
 diers, their whole force amounted to no more than 
 one thoufand fix hundred and eighteen men. 
 
 In confideration of this vaft fuperiority on the part 
 of the enemy, the Prefedency judged it neceffary to 
 lufpend all operations of the field, and keep the 
 troops colleded in the feveral garrifons. Confor- 
 mably to this plan, they drew the army from Conje- 
 veram into Madrafs, ordered back Major Poller, who 
 was marched to the northward, to protect Tripety 
 againft the threatened attack of NazeabuUa Cawn from 
 Nelloure ; and direded Captain Caillaud (who hav- 
 ing taken polTeffion of the fort of Madura, was pre- 
 paring to march for Tinnevelly) to return to Tri- 
 chinopoly with all his Europeans, and as many Se- 
 poys as he ftiould think neceflaryj leaving Ifouf 
 
 Cawn, 
 
192 NAVAL OPERATIONS. 1758. 
 
 Cawn, witii the reft of the Sepoys, to piroted Ma- 
 dura and Tinnevelly. 
 
 While we continued thus waiting the motions of 
 the French, and furprized that they fhou!d remain 
 inactive for fo many months after the taking of Chet- 
 teput, a fleet of eleven fail, commanded by M. 
 D'Ache, appeared off Fort St. David early in the 
 morning of the 28th of April : two of them proceed- 
 ing to Pondicher), landed M. Lally, while feven an- 
 chored in Fort St. David's road, and two farther off 
 to the eaftward. The Bridgwater and Triton being 
 furrounded in St. David's road, were obliged to run 
 afhore, in order to fave their crews and ftor.^s. Next 
 morning a large detachment from Pondichery entered 
 the bounds of Fort St. David, an:! were to have been 
 joined by the troops from the fhips ; but the unex- 
 pected appearance of the Englifh fquadron to the 
 fouthward at the fame inftant, putting them into con- 
 fufion, prevented the difembarkation. 
 
 Admiral Pocock being joined by Commodore Ste- 
 vens, who arrived in Madrafs road on the 24th of 
 March, with the Elizabeth, Yarmouth, Weymouth, 
 and Newcaftle, on the 28th hoifted his flag on board 
 the Yarmouth, and, after having put the fquadron 
 in the beft condition poffible for the fea, failed on the 
 1 7th of April, in order to get to windward of Fort 
 St. David, to intercept the French fquadron, which, 
 by intelligence, he had reafon to exped. 
 
 His whole force now confifted of the Yarmouth, 
 fixty-four guns, five hundred and forty men, Capt. 
 John Harrifon ; the Elizabeth, fixty-four guns, four 
 hundred and ninety-five men. Commodore Stephens, 
 Capt. Kempenfelt his captain ; the Cumberland, fixty- 
 fix guns, five hundred and twenty m.en, Capt. Brere- 
 ton ; the Weymouth, fixty guns, four hundred and 
 twenty men, Captain Nicholas Vincent ; the Tyger, 
 fixty guns, four hundred men. Captain Thomas La- 
 tham J the Newcafl:le, fifty guns, three hundred and 
 
 fifty 
 
2758. NAVa L OPERATIONS. J93 
 
 fifty rnen, Captain George Legge; and the Salifbury^ 
 fifty guns and three hundred men, Captain John 
 Somerfet ; with the Queenborough and Protedlor 
 ftore-fhips. 
 
 The 28th at noon the Admiral made Negapatdni^ 
 and the next rriorning, at half an hour paft nine 
 o*clock, in running down to St. David's, faw (even. 
 ["hips in that road getting under fail, and two crui- 
 zing in the offing, which, by their not anfwering his 
 fignal, he concluded were enenhies, and made the fig- 
 tiai for a general chace. They then Hood off fhore 
 to the eaftward, tinder top-fails, with the wind at 
 Ibuth ; and at noon, being joined by the two (hips 
 in the offings and forming the line of battle a-head, 
 with the ftar board tacks on board, the Admiral found 
 it necellary to make the fignal to form his line alfo ^ 
 and when all his fhips came up and got into their fta-^ 
 tion, which was a little before three o'clock in the 
 afternoonj and nearly within random fhot of the 
 enemy, who continued, under their topfails, he bore 
 down upon the Zodiaque, on board of which fhip 
 M. D'Ache wore a eornette at the mizen-top-maft 
 head, keeping a litde ^ head of him^. The French be- 
 gan to fire upon him as he approached them ; notwith- 
 fianding which^ he forebore to throw out the fignal 
 for engaging till he came within half mu(ket fhot of 
 the Zodiaque. A little after three, perceiving the 
 fhips were not all got near enough to the enemy, the 
 Adm.iral made the fignal for a clofer engagement 1 
 which, was immediately complied with by the fhips 
 in the van. At half an hour paft four, obferving the 
 rear of the French line had drawn up pretty clofe to 
 the Zodiaque, he made the Cumberland, Newcaftle, 
 and Weymouth's fignals to make fail up^ and engage 
 elofe. A few minutes after M. D'Ache broke the 
 line, and fhot up under the lee quarter of his lecond 
 a-head, and then put before the wind : his fecond a- 
 llern, who kept on the Yarmouth's quarter moll 
 
 N pait 
 
194 NAVAL OPERATIONS. 175?, 
 
 part of .the adion, then came up along- fide, gave his 
 fire, and bore away •, the two other 'fhips in the rear 
 came up in hke manner, and then bore away. The 
 Admiral obferving the enemy's van to bear away alio, 
 hauled down the fignal for the line, and made the fig- 
 nal for a general chafe. At fix, the enemy joined two 
 fhips about four miles to leeward, and at the fame 
 time hauledtheir wind, and flood to the weftward, 
 with the larboard tacks on board. 
 
 The Yarmouth's mads, yards, fails, and rigging, 
 as weli as the Elizabeth, .Tyger, and Salifbury, were 
 damaged fo as to prevent their keeping up with the 
 other fhips that were in tlie rear during the action, 
 ana had faffered but iittle. From the condition of 
 thefe fhips, and, more efpecially, as the night ap- 
 proached, the Admiral thought it necefiary to haul- 
 clofe upon a wind, and ftand to the fouth-weft, in 
 order, if polfible, to keep to windward of the enemy, 
 in hopes of being able to engage them next morn- 
 ing if he could be fo fortunate as to prevent their 
 weathering him in the night. He ordered the Queen- 
 borough a-head to obierve their morions, and continu- 
 ed endeavouring to work up after them till fix in 
 the morning of the iirft of May -, v/hen finding he 
 loft ground confiderably, for the enemy had received 
 httle damage in their rigging, became to an anchor 
 about three leagues to the northward of Sadrafs, and 
 fent an officer to the Chief ol that fettlement for in- 
 telligence. From thence he was informed, that the 
 Bien aime, of feventy four guns, had received fb much 
 damage in the action, that the enemy was obliged to 
 run her alhore a little to the fouthward of Alampar- 
 vey, where the French fquadron was then at anchor. 
 The adtion was about feven leagues weft by north of 
 that place. 
 
 Admiral Pocock, in his letter to the Secretary of 
 the Admiralty obferved, that Commodore Stevens 
 and Capt. Kempenfelt, Capt. Latham, and Capt. So- 
 inerfet, who were in the van, and alio his own 
 
 CaptaiiT) 
 
17S8. NAVAL OPERATIONS. 19$. 
 
 Captain, Capt. Harrifon, and all the officers, and 
 men belonging to the Yarmouth, by their endeavours 
 to come to an engagement with the enemy and 
 their conduct in action, gave him a fenfible fatis- 
 facliop. 
 
 It was confefied by feveral French officers, that 
 they had fix hundred men killed in the adtion and 
 many wounded. Our lofs was only twenty-nine men 
 killed and thirty wounded; which difparity can only 
 be accounted for by the enemy's endeavouring to 
 drfmafl; our fhips, while we fired at their hulls : and 
 this will aho account for the dellrudion of the Bien- 
 aime, and the eicape of all the reft, who got fafe to 
 Pondichery the 5th of May. The French had in the 
 engagement eight fhips of the line and a frigate. The 
 Zodiaque of feventy-four guns, on board of which 
 M. D'Ache, as it has been faid, wore a cornette on 
 the mizen-top-maft head : Le Bien-aime, alfo of fe- 
 venty-four guns, Le Vengeur, and Le St. Louis of 
 fixty four, Le Due d'Orleans and Le Due de Bour- 
 gogne of fixty, Le Conde and Le Moras of fifty, and 
 Le Sylphide a frigate of thirty-fix guns. After the 
 engagement they were joined by the tv/o fhips vvhicli 
 had been at Pondichery to Land M. Lally : they were 
 Le Compte de Provence of feventy four guns, and 
 Le Diligent of twenty-four. 
 
 Admiral Pocock having received one hundred and 
 twenty recovered men from the hofpital, and above 
 fourfcore La fears from the governor of Madrafs, and 
 having filhed his mafhs, and repaired his moft ma- 
 terial damages, tried for fome days to work up fhore, 
 but without fuccefs. He then put off the land ; and 
 on the loth of May ftretched as far to the fbuth- 
 ward as the latitude of nine degrees and thirty mi- 
 nutes north, by which he hoped to fetch to wind- 
 ward of Fort St. David ; but upon flanding in again he 
 met with fuch ftrong wefterly winds, and the Cum- 
 berland's leak increafed fo as to prevent her keeping 
 
 N 2, the 
 
196 NAVAL OPERATIONS. 1758. 
 
 the wind, therefore being able to reach no higher 
 than Alamparvey, he anchored off that place the 26th 
 of May. The ^oth he got up in fight of Pondichery •, 
 and the ift of June in the morning the French 
 fquadron weighed, and Hood out of the road, confid- 
 ing of ten fail. Admiral Pocock being confiderably 
 to leeward, expected that they would bear down and 
 engage him ; but they kept clofe to the wind, and 
 plyed away from him, notwithflanding his endeavours 
 to get up with them, which was prevented in a great 
 meafure by the Cumberland's bad failing. The fe- 
 cond and third day, the current fetting flrongly to 
 leeward, our fquadron, not having any land or fea 
 winds, loll ground confiderably. The 6th, the Ad- 
 miral received a letter from the feledt committee of 
 Fort St. George, acquainting him, that St. David's 
 furrendered the 2d, and that it was probable Fort St. 
 George would foon be invefbed, which would put it 
 out of his power to fupply the fleet with water. The 
 Admiral finding this reafoning to be juft, returned 
 and anchored in Madrafs road, where he fupplied his 
 fquadron with water and other neceflaries. 
 
 Having related the whole progrels of the fleet to 
 their return to Madrafs, it is now time to fliew by 
 what fleps the French became maft:ers of Fort St. 
 David. 
 
 The 29th of April the French horfe came into the 
 bounds of Fort St. David ; and prefently after them 
 five hundred men of the regiment of Lorrain, and 
 about two hundred of the Company's troops, with a 
 number of Sepoys, artillery-men and eight pieces of 
 cannon. They cut off and difperfed feveral of our 
 Sepoys, and plundered the villages. Their motions 
 were To fudden, they very much alarmed the inhabi- 
 tants of Fort St. David, fo that many of the Lafcars, 
 Sepoys, and moft of the artificers left the place. The 
 enemy having fummoned Cuddalore, it was furren- 
 dered on the 3d of May, on condition that the garri- 
 
 fon 
 
1758. NAVAL OPERATIONS. 197 
 
 Ton fhould have liberty to retreat, with their arms, to 
 Fort St. David the next morning. 
 
 The enemy having withdrawn almoft every man 
 from their garrifons, to make themfelves as ftrong as 
 pofTible for thefiege of Fort St. David, formed a very 
 confiderable army, amounting to three thoufand five 
 hundred Europeans, and began to fire upon the place 
 with two guns from Cuddalore the 16th, and with five 
 mortars from the new town the 17th. On the 26tli 
 they opened a battery of feven guns and five mortars 
 to the v/ellward, at the diftance of about eight or nine 
 hundred yards ; and on the 30th one to the north, of 
 nine guns, and three mortars, at the diftance of feven 
 or eight hundred yards, and another to the north-eafl: 
 of four guns, at about the fame diftance. 
 
 The befieged had loft the greateft part of their 
 black forces by defertion, when they imprudently de- 
 fended the out-pofts •, which, confidering the weak- 
 nefs of the garrifon, (hould have been abandoned 
 and deftroyed, Thofe who remained in the place, 
 as well Europeans as others, were little difpofed to 
 the obfervance of difcipHne and regularity ; for hav- 
 ing too free accefs to the feveral ftorehoufes of arrack 
 and other ftrong liquors, they were never in a con- 
 dition properly to do their duty. 
 
 The enemy had not yet made any breach, but had 
 difmounted and difabled thirty guns and carriages, 
 and ruined feveral of the works, fo that many of the 
 parapets and platforms were deftroyed by the ftiot 
 and (hells. The tanks, or refervoirs, had fuffered by 
 the bombardment, fo that there was no water to be 
 had fit for ufe, but what came out of the covered 
 way ; from which they could only be fupplied by 
 night ; and the beft well there was likewife deftroyed 
 by a bomb. They were alfo ftiort of ammunition, 
 having expended a great deal in firing away incon- 
 fiderately, before the enemy had begun to make 
 their approaches. 
 
 This being the ftate of the place on the ift of June, 
 at the requeft of Major Polier, the Deputy Governor 
 
 N 3 called 
 
ipS W A R ON THE 1758^ 
 
 called a council of war; and it was- unanimoufly 
 agreed to fiirrender upon the following articles of 
 capitulation. 
 
 ARTICLES OF CAPITULATION. 
 
 By which Alexander Wynch, Efq ; ading Deputy 
 Governor, and the Gentlemen of the Council at 
 Fort St. David, in behalf of the United Company 
 of Merchants of England trading to the Jiafl-ln- 
 dies, are willing to iurrender the Fort of St. Da- 
 vid to M. Lally, Lieutenant-General in his moft 
 Chriftian Majefty's Service, and Commander in 
 Chief of the French forces in India. 
 
 I. That all ads of hof 
 tility fhall ceafe, until the 
 articles of capitulation are 
 agreed upon and figned. 
 
 II. That the Deputy Go- 
 vernor fhall march, at the 
 head of the garrifon, drume 
 beating, colours flying, out 
 of the barrier into the ad- 
 vanced covered way, where 
 the garrifon fhall ground 
 their arms, and furrender 
 themfelves prifonersof war, 
 on condition of being im- 
 mediately exchanged for an 
 equal number of his Moll: 
 Chriftian Majefty's fub- 
 je(5ts, now prifoners in our 
 garrifons on the coaft of 
 Coromandel ; and, as ibon 
 as the exchange takes place, 
 the garrifon to be tranf- 
 ported to fuch of our fet- 
 tipments as our Frefident 
 
 I. Accorde. 
 
 II. Accorde pour lapar- 
 cie des honneurs, mais la 
 garnifon fera conduite pri- 
 lonnier a Pondichery, ou 
 elle reftera jufques a ce 
 qi^ielle ibit changee contre 
 pareil nombre d'officiers et 
 foldats de S. M. T. C. ac- 
 mellement au Trichinopo- 
 ly, et quand les dits foldats 
 de S. M. T. C. feront ar- 
 rivez a Pondichery, laditte 
 garnifon de Fort St. Da- 
 vid, fera conduitte a Ma- 
 drafs ou a Devicota a mon 
 choix. 
 
 and 
 
175S. COAST OF COROMANDEL. 
 
 and Council of Fort St 
 George may think proper. 
 
 III. That Fort St. Da- 
 vid, and its out-works, 
 rhall not be demoliflied -, 
 but remain in their pre- 
 fent ftate, until the conclu- 
 fion of a peace. 
 
 IV. 1 hat ail the garri 
 ion, including all the fub 
 jct\s of his Bntannick Ma 
 jelly, as well civil as mili 
 tary, fhall have all thei: 
 
 T99 
 
 III. Je ne m engage a 
 rien fur cet article c'eil le 
 fort de la guerre qui en 
 decidera, et non celuy dq 
 la paix. 
 
 baggage and efFeds fecu- 
 red, with liberty of remov- 
 ing and difpofingof them 
 as they fhall think proper ; 
 and that they be fupplied 
 with boats or proper con- 
 veyances for that purpole. 
 
 V. That the Deputy Go 
 vernor and Council, and 
 the Company's fervants be 
 exchanged againft anequal 
 number of the French Eaft 
 India Company's fervants 
 made prifoners by Admi- 
 ral Watfon at Chanderna- 
 gore ; and, until the ex- 
 change takes place, that 
 they be permitted to go 
 on their parole to Fort 
 St. George. 
 
 VI. That the fick in the 
 hofpital which cannot be 
 removed, have liberty tol 
 ^remain, under the care ofl 
 
 N 
 
 IV. La garnifon, et les 
 fujets de fa Majefte Bri- 
 tannique n'empcrteront a- 
 vec eux que leur vaiifelle, 
 chevaux, hardes ou meu- 
 bles domiCtliques, et il leur 
 fera I'ourni dcs batteaux 
 pour les tranfporter a Pon- 
 dichery, bien entendu que 
 les dits batteaux feront vi- 
 fite par un commiflaire de 
 nos troupes, en prefence 
 d'un commilTaire Anglois 
 noramez a cet effet. 
 
 V . Accorde, quoy que 
 je n'aye pas lieu d*etre 
 content de Mr. Wynch, 
 qui a manque a ce qu'il 
 me devoit ainfi qu'aux 
 regies de la guerre. 
 
 VI. Accorde. 
 
 their 
 
90O 
 
 WAR ON THfc 
 
 1758- 
 
 their own furgeons ; and 
 that they be fupplied with 
 proper provifions and ne- 
 cefTaries on paying for the 
 fame. 
 
 VII. That a Capt. and 
 fifty of the Engliili troops 
 fhall remain in the Fort, 
 to deliver it up, and that 
 ilri^ difcipline be obferv- 
 ed, that no irregularities 
 be committed ; and, after 
 the furrender, to take the 
 fate of the reft of the gar- 
 fifbn. 
 
 VIII. That two con> 
 milTaries fhall remain, to 
 deliver up all the maga- 
 zines, ammunition, can- 
 non, mortars, and goods, 
 and point out to the en- 
 gineers all the mines and 
 fubterraneous works. 
 
 IX. That no Company's 
 
 VII. Un officier, et dij? 
 hommes, fuffiront a cette 
 operation parceque je ne 
 feray entrer qu'une com- 
 paignie de grenadiers dans 
 le fort jufques a ce qu'il 
 foit evacu6. 
 
 Vill. Accorde. 
 
 IX. Accorde mais ceux 
 
 fervant, civil or military, iqui s'en abfenteront fans 
 be removed from the coaft un palTeport de moy, fe- 
 of Coromandel, until the:ront traittez comme efpi- 
 the exchange (ball takejons. 
 place. 
 
 Ar. Wvnch. 
 
 p. polier de bot- 
 
 TENS. 
 
 Rich. Fairfield, 
 
 Fort St. David, 
 »d June 1758I 
 
 Lally. 
 
 Separate 
 
COAST OF C O 
 
 Separate article. 
 
 That thedeferters which 
 were in the Englifh fcrvice 
 at the time of the cartel 
 (ettled between the Go. 
 vernors of Fort St. George 
 and Pondichery, fhail be 
 deemed as prifoners; and 
 thofe which have delerted 
 fince the preient war, be 
 pardoned, and return to 
 their colours. 
 
 Ar. Wynch, 
 
 P. PoLIER DE BoT- 
 TENS. 
 
 Rich. Fairfield. 
 
 I'ort St. David, 
 ?d June 1758. 
 
 ROMANDEL. 201 
 
 Accorde, 
 La garnifon fbrtira a 
 cinque hcures apres midy 
 par la porte de L'Ouvrage 
 a corne ou elle dcpofera 
 fes amies et il fera permis 
 aux officiers militaires et 
 civils, de refter jufques a 
 demain dans le fort, la 
 compagnie des grenadiers 
 de feconde battaillon de 
 Lorraine prendra poflefli- 
 on de la porte de L'Ou- 
 vrage a corne, et de celle 
 du fort qui y communique 
 et s'y tiendra jufques a 
 nouvel ordre. 
 
 Lally. 
 
 The lofs of St, David*s gave a great andjufl alarm 
 to the government of Madrafs ; as a much more re- 
 foluce and obftinate defence had been expeded, frorrj 
 the known bravery of Major Polier, who command- 
 ed the troops there : but it appeared, that very lit- 
 tle care or ceconomy was ufed in the management of 
 their artillery and ammunition, as one officer only of 
 that department was in the place; the men who com- 
 pofed the garrifon were drunk and diforderly, and 
 fully fenfible of the little difcipline they were under. 
 
 A court of enquiry was ordered at Madrafs, to 
 examine and report fads : Lieutenant- colonel Draper, 
 the Majors Brereton and Caillaud compofed this 
 
 court. They reported. That Major Polier's 
 
 perfonal behaviour was much to be commended, 
 but that he was injudicious in defending two out- 
 pofls at fome diftance from the town, as his num- 
 
 ber^ 
 
201 N AVAL O PER AT IONS. 1758. 
 
 bers were but weak, having only two hundred Eu- 
 ropeans and eighty invalids, and about thirty of the 
 artillery, whom he could properly call his garrifon ;• 
 the Teamen from two frigates which had been run on 
 fhore and burnt, made the majority of his troops : 
 the black forces deferted in great numbers. How- 
 ever, it was judged that the place might have held 
 out much longer, and that the terms on which it 
 furrendered were (hameful, as the French were not 
 mafters even of the outward covered way, had made 
 no breach, had a wet ditch to fill up and pafs, before 
 the town could pofiibly be alTaulted. The want of 
 ammunition and water were urged as the principal 
 excufes for its furrender ; and that the powder with 
 which all the mines were loaded were fuppofed to be 
 fpoiled by the dampnefs. 
 
 Major Polier, to wipe off the difgrace, was from' 
 that moment for fighting upon every occafion, whe- 
 ther proper or not ; and, like o;her men in fuch fitu- 
 ations, ran from one extreme to the other. 
 
 He defired to go a volunteer with Colonel Dra- 
 per in the firft fally made during the fiege of Ma- 
 drafs, and was mortally wounded. He was a brave 
 man, but very hafty, pafllonate, and fufpicious, which 
 oftentimes occafioned m-uch uneahnefs both to him- 
 felf and every one elfe. He had ferved the company 
 on feveral occafions v/ith much reputation and con- 
 dudl •, and, it is thonght, the ill opinion he entertain- 
 ed of his garrifon was his motive for confenting 
 to the giving up of St. David's. 
 
 M Lally's anfwer to the third article of the ca- 
 pitulation too plainly implied the inevitable deftruc- 
 tion of the fortifications of St. David's. The works 
 have fince been blown up, and the whole reduced to 
 an heap of ruins. The prejudice and partiality of 
 the conquered, hov/ever they may complain, cannot 
 jullly condemn a General for an a6t of this nature ; 
 for, furely, the deftrudion of an enemy's fortrefs is 
 one of the great ends of war. But the ruin of villas, 
 
 and 
 
1758. NAVAL OPERATIONS. 203 
 
 and the injury done to many beautiful ftruftiires in 
 the neighbouring country, will be a lafcing reproach 
 of wanton barbarity to the French. As for the de- 
 vafhations they committed in their march from St. 
 David's, by plundering and burning the villages they 
 paflTed through, they were immediately refented by 
 the people of the country. The fufferers on this oc- 
 cafion had it in their power to take their revenge, 
 and, by cutting off the fupplies of the army, foon re- 
 duced them to fuch a ftate that they were almoft ex- 
 haufted by famine as they lay before Tanjore. 
 
 On the 25th of July Admiral Pocock failed with 
 the fquadron under his command, and ftood to the 
 fouthward, along fhore, with the lea and land breezes, 
 and anchored on the evening of the 26th off Alam- 
 parvey ; and feeing a fnow and feven chelingas near 
 the fort, clofe in fnore, fent the boats manned and 
 armed, who burnt and funk the chelingas, and brought 
 off the fnow ; the chelingas were all empty, and had 
 been fenttrom Pondichery with cannon and ordnance 
 ftores, which were all landed the day before ; the fnow 
 was loaded with firewood for Pondichery. 
 
 The 27th in the evening the fquadron got up with- 
 in three leagues of Pondichery road, where the French 
 fleet was atanchor, confiding of eight fhips of the line 
 and a frigate. Our fleet confifted of only feven lliips, 
 being the fame that were engaged in the lail adtion, 
 but fome of them now differently commanded ; Cap- 
 tain Martin, who had before been left ill at Madrafs, 
 now took the command of the Cumberland. Captain 
 John Stukley Somerfet was advanced from the Salif- 
 bury to the Weymouth, Captain Colville had the 
 Newcal^le, and Captain Brereton the Saliibury. Next 
 morning, about ten o'clock, the enemy got under fail, 
 and ftood to the fouthward with the land breeze. Ad- 
 miral Pocock made the fignal to chafe, in hopes of 
 being able to get up with, or weather them if polfible, 
 that being the moft probable means of bringing them 
 to adion ; but they kept to windward, and the next 
 
 morning 
 
ft04 NAVAL OPERATIONS. 1758 
 
 morning anchored to the (buthward of Porto Novo. 
 They then weighed and ftood to windward with the 
 land breeze, and about eight o'clock were out of fight. 
 At four o'clock m the afternoon, the Admiral difcover- 
 ing a fhip in the fouth-eaft quarter, gave chafe ; at 
 five fhe hoifted French colours, and ftood for the land ; 
 he (oon after run her on fhore about two leagues 
 to the northward of Porto Novo, and fent the boats 
 on board to endeavour to get her off, but finding it 
 impracfticable without lofmg too much time, fet her 
 on fire. She proved to be the Reflitution, bound to 
 Pondichery from Carical, where fhe had been fent with 
 ordnance florcs and other materials for M. Lally's ar- 
 my. This fhip had been fent from Bengal lafl Octo- 
 ber with French priibners, who mutinied, and taking 
 the command of the (hip from the mailer, carried 
 her to MafTulipatam, from whence fhe was fent to 
 Pondichery •, where the Governor and Council, con- 
 trary to the law of nations, made a prize of her. 
 
 On the ifl of Auguft, at ten o'clock in the fore- 
 noon, the Admiral came in fight of the French fqua- 
 dron, as they were getting under fail off Tranquebar, 
 and foon after they formed the line of battle a-head, 
 with the ftarboard tacks on board, and feemed to 
 edge down towards him ; but when he made fail and 
 ftood for them, they hauled upon a wind till one 
 o'clock, when they formed the line of battle a-breafl, 
 and bore down upon him with an eafy fail. At half 
 an hour paft one he made the fignal, and formed the 
 line of battle a-head with the ftarboard tacks on board, 
 and flood to the eaflward under his topfails, fbme- 
 times the main-topfails fquare, as the fhips flations re- 
 quired in the line, waiting for the enemy. At five the 
 enemy's van was abreafl of our center, at about two 
 miles diflance ; they ftood on till their van was a- 
 breaft of ours, and kept about the fame diffance till 
 half an hour paft fix, when they hoifted their topfails, 
 fet their courfes, hauled clofe upon a wind, and ftood 
 
 to 
 
1758. NAVAL OPERATIONS. 205 
 
 to the foiith eaft. The Admiral then made the fignal 
 for our van to fill and (land on, and make fail to the 
 fouthward, keeping in aline till twelve o'clock ; and 
 judging by the enemy's fignal guns that they had tack- 
 ed, made the fignal to wear, and flood to the weft- 
 ward after them, but at daylight faw nothing ot 
 them. 
 
 In the evening he defcried four fhips in (hore to the 
 north-weft, on the ^d at five in the morning, faw the 
 enemy off Negapatam, about a league to windward, 
 formed in the line of battle a-head with their ftar- 
 board tacks on board. He made the fignal and form- 
 ed his line a-head, with the ftarboard tacks on board, 
 and ftood to the fouthward with an eafy fail. At fe- 
 ven o'clock, obferving the enemy kept their wind, he 
 made the fignal for making more fail, in order to get 
 to windward, for that was the only probable means of 
 bringing them fbon to adlion, as they failed better in 
 general than our fquadron. At half an hour paft 
 eight they began to edge down upon him, and at nine 
 were at about three miles diftance. He then made 
 the fignal for the Elizabeth and Tyger to change places 
 in the line, apprehending the enemy's leading (hip in 
 the van might be an over match for the Tyger. At 
 ten the enemy bore away, and fteer'd for our rear, by 
 which means on the fea breeze fetting in about noon, 
 our fquadron got the weather gage of them ; and at 
 twenty minutes after the Admiral made the fignal for 
 the leading fhip to fteer fix points from the wind, and 
 atone o'clock got near, within'random fhotof them ; 
 their line being then in the form of a half moon, their 
 van and rear being to windward of their center. A- 
 bout twenty minutes after, obferving the enemies (hips 
 in the van begin to fire on the Elizabeth, who was 
 within muflcet (hot of her; the Admiral made the 
 fignal for battle, and began the engagement with the 
 whole fquadron. Mr. D'Ache, who was then under 
 his topfails, in about ten minutes after fet his forefail, 
 
 and 
 
2o6 NAVAL OPERATIONS. 1758. 
 
 and kept more away ; his fquadron did the fame, and 
 continued a running fight in a very irregular line till 
 two o'clock, vvlien the Comte de Provence, the Ene- 
 mies leading fliip put before the wind, havingcut away 
 her mizen-mart on account of taking fire in the mizen 
 top eight minutes after ; the Zodiaque and the fhips a- 
 head of her kept more away, and were immediately 
 followed by the fhips in the rear, which continued in 
 an irregular line a-breaft, and increafed their diftance 
 a little from us -, on which Admiral Pocock made the 
 fignal for a clofer engagement, in order for his all hne 
 to bear down as foon as pollible and rake them, which 
 was immediately obeyed -, and we were able to keep 
 within gun fhot of them till tliree o'clock, when obler- 
 ving they began to make more fail, the x\dmiral 
 hauled down the fignal for the line, and clofer engage- 
 ment, and made the general fignal to chafe ; on which 
 the enemy cut away their boats, and made all the fail 
 they could, and ftood about north north weft ; our 
 fquadron purfued them widi all the fail thev could croud 
 till near dark, when the enemy got ofl'by outfailing 
 us, and we were obliged to leave off chafe; and 
 at eight o'clock anchored off Carical. 
 
 The damage we received was, chiefly in our mafls 
 and rigging, for the enemy's endeavours were (as in 
 the former action) to difmaft us. They did not ap- 
 pear to have fuffered much in their rigging, but they 
 had about five hundred and forty men killed and 
 wounded ; among the latter were Mr. D'Ache and 
 his Captain, There were no more than one and thir- 
 ty Englifh killed, and one hundred and fixteen woun- 
 ded. Commodore Stevens received a mufquet ball in 
 his fhoulder, Captain Martin a wound in his leg by a 
 fpl inter. 
 
 The Admiral had the pleafure, on this occafion, of 
 writing to the board of Admiralty, that the behaviour 
 of all his oflficers and men was, in this adion, entire- 
 ly to his fatisfadion. 
 
 Oft 
 
1758- NAVAL OPERATIONS. ti^ 
 
 On the 5th the Queenborough intercepted a French 
 fnow, named the Ruby, of about one hundred and 
 twenty tons. She failed from the iilands the ift of 
 July, and was bound to Pondichery, loaded chiefly 
 with lliot and medicines. 
 
 The French fquadron continued in Pondichery 
 road from the lafi: attion till the 3d of September, 
 when they failed and proceeded directly to the iilands. 
 Upon advice of their being lailed, the Admiral fent 
 the Queenborough off Ceylon ; for as it was very early 
 in the feafbn, it was probable they might have been 
 gone to cruize thereabouts. She returned the 1 7th 
 without feeing them. 
 
 The French were at this time driven tofuch fhifts 
 for want of, money, that on the 7th of Aiiguft they 
 feized and carried into Pondichery a large Dutch ihip 
 from Batavia, bound to Negapatam, and having ta- 
 ken for their own ufe all the money, to the amount of 
 feven or eight lack of roupees ; they unloaded the 
 cargo and detained the fhip. It is faid M. Dupleix 
 did the fame lall war. 
 
 The fquadron having embarked Major Caillaud, 
 with two hundred and fifty men (from Trichinopoly) 
 at Negapatam, landed them at Madrafs the 25th of 
 September. They remained there, taking in their 
 water and (fores, till the feafon called upon them to 
 proceed to Bombay. The Admiral, before his de- 
 parture, in confequence of an application from the fe- 
 \t£t committee, landed a Captain and Lieutenant, 
 with a hundred and three marines, as a farther 
 flrength to the garrifon. 
 
 The French had withdrawn their whole garrilbn 
 from Sering ham, except a few Sepoys, who were left 
 to deliver the place to the Maiflbreans : but Captain 
 Caillaud, before his departure from Trichinopoly, had 
 made a difpofition for attacking it before the troops ar- 
 rived from MaiiTore ; and the French Sepoys, upon 
 his approach, abandoning the place, he took polTeffi- 
 on of it without any lofs. 
 
 Upon 
 
208 WAR ON THE 17S^* 
 
 upon the news of the furrender of F'ort St. David^ 
 the troops which garrifoned Arcot, Chengalaput and 
 Carangoly, were ordered into Madrafs ; for it was ex- 
 pecfted the enemy would attack that place next -, but 
 in cafe they Ihould go to the fouthward, and inveft Da- 
 vecotah, which proved to be their defign, the Chief 
 there had orders to abandon the place, and if the 
 the fquadron fhould be near him, to go on board with 
 his garrifon, in order to come to Madrafs^ if not, to 
 retire to Trichinopoly ; which lall he effected without 
 any difficulty, by pailing through the Tanjore coun- 
 try. The French took pofTelfion of Davecotah ; and 
 fbon after M. Lally croffed the Coleroon with his whole 
 army, except feven or eight hundred men, which he 
 left with M, Soupire; a part of thefe afterwards were 
 fent to the fouthward. M. Lally marched by Tran- 
 quebar, and the Danes (upplied him with (ome am- 
 munition and fie'id pieces. He then encamped in the 
 bounds of Negapatam, and demanded of the Dutch 
 a loan of money, and alfo of cannon, ammunition and 
 provifions •, but the Dutch denied that they afiifted 
 him with any thing, except provifions, of which they 
 fent him continual fupplies during the expedition to 
 Tanjore. The firlt aft of hoflility committed by the 
 French againft the Tanjoreans, was the taking pofleP 
 fion of Nagore, their fea port, and felling to Mr. 
 Fiflier, Colonel of HufTars in their fervice, for two lack 
 and a half of- roupees, all the effeds that were found 
 there belonging to the country merchants from all 
 parts of India, to the value, as was computed, of' 
 twice that fum. 
 
 From Negapatam they marched to Trivalour, a pa^ 
 goda, about fifteen miles on the road to Tan)ore ; 
 there they eftablifhed a magazine, and from thence 
 fent deputies to demand of the King of Tanjore the 
 payment of a note forced from him by the French 
 army, and Chunda Saib, in the year* i749,for feventy 
 
 lack 
 • See page 44. 
 
?758. COAST OF COROMANDEL. 209 
 
 lack of roupees \ and alfo a free padage through his 
 country, for the army to march againil Trichinopoly, 
 Captain Caillaud, who commanded in that place, being 
 directed by the Prelidency of Madrafs to ufe all his en- 
 deavours to prevent the King of Tanjore from being 
 frightened into a compliance with thefe demands, had 
 the fatisfad\ion to find that the behaviour of the French 
 at Nagore had provoked the King's refentment, and 
 he had already ordered Monagee with his troops to op- 
 pofe the march of the French, One thoufand Sepoys, 
 and five hundred CoUeries, were ordered to reinforce 
 the Tanjoreans from Trichinopoly ; but as it was not 
 'fafe to part with any Europeans from that garrifon, 
 MonageCj with his country forces alone, was obliged 
 to retreat before fo large a body of regulars. It was 
 then to be feared that they would be reduced to the ne- 
 cefiity of an accommodation ; but fuch was the opi- 
 nion they had formed of the French^ that they chofe 
 rather to fland a fiege, than enter into a treaty with 
 them, M. Lally, prefuming that the condancy of 
 their refolutions might be itaggered by their late re- 
 puife, fent an embafiy to Tanjore of two officers and 
 a prieft, to demand a pallage for his army, by the 
 neareft road to Trichinopoly ; defiring at the fame 
 rime the afliftance of his troops. The Kingconfented 
 to a pafllige through his country, but not by the road 
 which was defired. He alio offered fome money, but 
 indeed a very fmall part of the fum demanded. As 
 for the afliftance of his troops, he abfolutely refufed 
 it. With this anfwer the officers returned to camp, 
 leaving behind them the prieft, who fome time after 
 afKed a fecond audience -, at which, he not only infill- 
 ed on the tu'o former articles, but added to them the 
 imm.ediate payment of five lack of roupees. The 
 King exprefled great (urpri:;je at the prefumption of 
 the piiell, but conlentcd to give four lack ; out of 
 which he required Ibme coeducation fliould be made for 
 the damage done at Nagore j and as to the other ar- 
 
 O ticks, 
 
210 W A R ON Trt£ 175! 
 
 tides, he gave the fame anfvver as before. While they 
 were treating, the army ftill kept advancing ; which 
 juftly increahng the fufpicions of the King, he ordered 
 the priefl to be difmifled. At night the advanced 
 guard of the French army fired fome (hot againft the 
 town, from two pieces of cannon, which of con- 
 fequence put an end to all negotiation. 
 
 The French loft everyday fome Europeans, by the 
 frequent falliesfrom the town ; at length they brought 
 up their who'e force againft it, which amounted to 
 two thoufand three hundred and feventy regulars, and 
 a great number of difciplined Sepoys. The artillery 
 which was already brought up, confi ft ed of fourteen 
 field pieces, and three of heavy cannon, and they had 
 fourteen more at Trivalour, All this was not lefs yet 
 fufficient to dejedt the Tanjoreans. At this very time 
 they had fent out a body of horfe, joined with the 
 Polygars of the country, to cut off the communication 
 of the French with Carical ; and had already dcftrov 
 ed fome convoys of provifions. Captain CaiUaud ha- 
 ving had the good fortune to keep the King of Tan- 
 jore fteady to his true interefts, had alfo prevailed on 
 Tondeman to aflift with all his people on this impor- 
 tiint occafion. A large body of his Peons entered 
 Trichinopoly to reinforce that garrifon, while a con- 
 fiderable party adapted for that fervice, were employ- 
 ed to harrafs the enemy and intercept their fupplies. 
 For thefe, and his former Services, the Governor and 
 Council thought proper to reward Captain Caillaud 
 with a Major's com million. 
 
 M. Lally finding that he did not advance his affairs 
 by hoftilities, and being in great want of provifions, 
 and other neceftaries. attempted once more to per- 
 fuade the King of his fmcerity, by fending him an offi- 
 cer of fome rank and quality, and alio a prieft, who 
 were at once appointed to conclude an agreement, and 
 to remain as hoftages. By this ftep he prevailed Co 
 far, as to receive in hand fifty thouiand roupees, and 
 a promife of four Jack, as alfo of a fupply of three 
 
 hundred 
 
1^5^. COAST OF COROmAnDEL. citi 
 
 liUndred horfe, and one thouiand Colleries ; and on 
 his part he engaged immediately to remove the army 
 tfom before the town. M. Lally making no motions 
 towards the performance of this part of his agree- 
 ment, the King of Tanjore refafed to let the two hoP 
 tages return ; and declared they fhould not leave the 
 town till the French army broke up frorn before it. 
 This produced feveral m.efTages, and, at length, it 
 was agreed that the Fving fliould forthwith fend him 
 the three hundred horfe and Colleries ; and for his own 
 fecmity he might detain the gentlemen till the army 
 was moved three days march from the place. The 
 advantages of this treaty were all overthrown by the 
 hally temper of M. Laliy, who feeing only fifty of the 
 three hundred horfemen arrive in camp, ordered therd 
 all into 'confinement j declaring aloud, that as the 
 King had not kept his word in fending the full numbet' 
 engaged for, he Would keep thofe he had prifoners till 
 he (hould receive the whole'. 
 
 The king upon this confined the two hoftages, and 
 Would not lend any more men till his people were re- 
 leafed. On the other hand M. Lally, pleating himfelf 
 with the tiioughts of his having brought up all his 
 heavy cannon, and ereded batteries, while he was 
 amufing the king a negotiation, began to fire upoa 
 the town, and had even made a confiderable breach;^ 
 when the Tanjoreans, determined on a general fally. 
 This they executed on the 9th of Auguft, with fur-* 
 priling (uccefs : for it will appear furprifing that a 
 body of country troops, although their number in 
 horle, Sepoys and Colleries was exceeding large, fliould 
 tnake any imprefiit)n upon fo ftrong an army of Eu- 
 ropeans, and difciplincd Sepoys, as M. Lally had un- 
 der his command, fupported by a lafge train of artil- 
 lery. They attacked at once the French camp and 
 batteries, killed about one hundred Europeans, took 
 one gun, one tumbril of ammunition, two elephants, 
 and lome horfes ; blew up four tumbrils of ammuni- 
 tion, and then returned into the town. 
 
 O a M, Laliy 
 
212 WAR ON THE 175^- 
 
 M. L.aPy quitting at once all his defigns, retreated 
 towardb Carical, leaving his guns fpiked upon the 
 batteries. The Tanjoreans did not purlue him till the 
 morning, when they came up with him upon his 
 march, cut off fifry more of his men, and took two 
 pieces of cannon and two mortars. The refl made 
 their retreat to Trivalour, and from thence to Cari- 
 cal ; and about the end of the month, the greatefl 
 part of the troops, and M. Lally himfelf, returned to 
 Pondichery. M. Soupire arrived there a few days be- 
 fore, after making a march towards VVandewafli, and 
 back by the way of Alamiparvey. 
 
 They moved again about the beginning of Oi5\o- 
 ber, and took polieffion of, Arcot ; they then return-^ 
 ed, and having taken TripaiTore, continued fome 
 time at Conjeveram, collecting ammunition and rtores, 
 till they were joined by ivj, .3e Bully, with a "body of 
 three or four hundred foot and as many horfe, from 
 Golconda. Flaving alfo retaken Trinomalav, they 
 fhewed by their motions a defign upon Chengalaput -, 
 advancing towards that place with three or four hun- 
 dred Europeans, five hundred Sepoys, and five pieces 
 of cannon ; but were prevented by the arrival of 
 four companies of Sepoys, This reinforcement came 
 came very opportunely for the prefervation of a poll 
 of fo much confequence, as it covered all the coun- 
 tries on this fide the Pollar ', and, when in pofiTeliion 
 of the enemy, would expole even our own limits to 
 incurfion, be a harbour for defeiters from our own 
 garrifon, and prevent fupplies of firewood, grain, and 
 other provifions, from coming into the town. For 
 thefe reafons it was relblved, that the prefent garrifon 
 of nine companies of Sepoys, with a ferjeant, corpo- 
 ral, and twelve gunners, fhould be reinforced by a 
 detachment of feventy Europeans. This was the 
 more readily determined, as there would be no ex- 
 pence of tranfporting flores, the pay of the Sepoys 
 would be no more tliere than at Madrafs, and yet 
 their force would be fufficient to refilt any fiidden a(- 
 lault. Xhe enemy, 'if they refolved to take the place, 
 
 mufl 
 
1758. COAST OF COROMANDEL. 213 
 
 mufl have been under a necelTity of bringing up their 
 whole army, or at leaft a conliderable part of it, ancj 
 alfo a train of battering cannon, with proportionable 
 fhores: all which would be attended with inch an ex- 
 pcnce and lofs of time as they v/ould probably think, 
 more than equal to the benefits arifing from the con- 
 quefl of the place. The juftnefs of thefe conclufions 
 appeared in the end ; for the enemy, influenced by 
 the fame reafons, v/aved their defigns upon the place, 
 which, it is to be fuppofed, they heartily repented du- 
 ring the fiege of Madrafs. Captain Prefton was or- 
 dered to take the command of the fort, and to repair 
 the works : he foon put it into fuch a ftate as made it 
 defenfible againfl a coup de main, and by that means 
 ftcured it till fuch time as M. Lally, heard of the arri- 
 val of Colonel Draper's regiment on the Malabar coaft, 
 and then he haftened every thing for the immediate 
 attack of Madrafs. 
 
 Colonel Draper himfelf arrived in feptember, with 
 part of his regiment ; and about the middle of Odlo- 
 ber it was determined that he fhould march with a 
 battalion of our troops as far as Wandelour, while 
 Colonel Lawrence took pofh with another at the 
 Mount, to be in readinefs to fupport the former. This 
 was done to make the enemy cautious of bringing a 
 heavy train on this fide of the river ; and by the 
 check it gave to their motions, fecured an opportu- 
 nity of iupplying the garrifbn of Chengalaput with 
 the needful ftores. 
 
 In the mean timelfouf Cawn was ordered to march - 
 towards them from Trichinopoly ; and he according- 
 ly fet out the 20th of November with two thouland 
 well difciplined Sepoys, and two light fieid-pieces. In 
 his way he took Ellavanafore. 
 
 The Nabob having recommended to the Governor 
 the engaging a party of Marattas, as the mofl effec- 
 tual method of preventing the enemy from tranfport- 
 ing their artillery by land for the fiege of Fort St. 
 George, a propofal was fent to Morarow fo^n after 
 
 O 3 the 
 
214 WAR ON THE 1755, 
 
 the lofs of St. David's ; with which he compHed, an^ 
 engaged to lend his Vakeel to Madrafs to fettle the 
 terns. According to their dilatory way of proceed- 
 ing the Vakeel did not arrive till October ; it was 
 then agreed that Morarow fhould fend two thoufand 
 liorfe to our alTifiance ; that five thoufand roupees 
 fhould be advanced at Royal Cherow, a place near 
 Tripety, for the expence of five hundred hcrfe, 
 which were to march upon the firft notice, fo as to 
 arrive at Chengalaput in twenty-five days from the 
 time the Vakeel iliould leave Madrafs. 
 
 That ten thoufand roupees, for the expence of the 
 other fifteen hundred horfe, fhould be paid at Guttee, 
 from which place they were to fet oi]t, and arrive at 
 Chengalaput in forty- five days from the time the Va- 
 keel fhould leave Madrafs i and that ten thoufand 
 roupees fhould be paid on the arrival of the faid two 
 thoufand horfe at Chengalaput. The twenty-five 
 thoufand roupees advanced as above to be deducted 
 out of the allowance to the troops of half a roupee 
 per day each horfeman, which was to commence 
 from the day of their arrival at Chengalaput. 
 
 The Vakeel further defired an allowance might be 
 fettled to the Sardars (or Commanders of the troops) 
 and alfo for each horfe which fhould be killed in our 
 fervice in the time of adion -, and it was accordingly 
 agreed that an allowance of thirty roupees per day 
 ihould be made for all the Sardars and Jemidars j 
 and that for a Sardar's horfe killed in battle one thou- 
 fand roupees iTiould be allowed, and four hundred 
 roupees for each horfe belonging to the refl of the 
 troops. 
 
 Intelligence being received that M. Lally had been 
 reinforced by the daily junction of confiderable par- 
 ties, it was thought no longer advifeable to trull a 
 part of our force at fo great a diflance as Wande- 
 lour ; therefore Colonel Draper was defired to Return 
 to the Mount, as foon as he fhould hear that the flores, 
 for the protection of which he remained till then in 
 
 thofe 
 
1758. COAST OF COROMANDEL. 215 
 
 thofe parts, were fafely arrived. Colonel Draper ac- 
 cordingly moved from Wandelour the iith of No- 
 vember, and joined the other battalion at the Mount. 
 
 This place, of which mention has been already 
 made, and which will hereafter frequently be fpoken 
 of, is an eminence, properly called St. Thomas's 
 Mount, from an ancient tradition, that the Apoflle 
 St. Thomas had preached the gofpel to the Indians' 
 on that fpot. He has always been confidered as the 
 tutelar faint of the place, and at this day a Portugueze 
 prieft officiates in a chapel dedicated to him, which 
 ftands on the top of the mount. It is jullly efteemed 
 for the goodnefs of the air, and the pleafantnefs of 
 the fituation, on which account a number of villas 
 have been built by the gentlemen of Madrafs, with 
 gardens all furrounded with brick walls breaft high. 
 In this flation, which is about nine miles from Fort St. 
 George, the two battalions remained till the 6th of 
 December ; when Colonel Lawrence receiving intelli- 
 gence of a great augmentation of the enemy's force 
 at Wandelour, fent his Aid de Camp to Fort St. 
 George, to defire he might be reinforced with as ma- 
 ny more men as polTible. Accordingly a party was 
 ordered, and marched that afternoon at five o'clock j 
 but at the fame time the Governor was defired to 
 write to Colonel Lawrence, to remind him that the 
 lumofl caution was neceflary at this important crifis ; 
 and that it would be too hazardous to venture an ac- 
 tion, unlefs upon terms of the higheil advantage. 
 
 Colonel Lawrence having received the Governor's 
 letter, and at the fame time hearing the enemy was 
 in motion, and confidering the weak ftate of the gar- 
 rifon, ordered three companies of infantry to march 
 to the little Mount with the two twelve pounders, as 
 if to reinforce the party cantoned there •, but at the 
 fame time they were direded to march to Madrafs. 
 Thefe motions were made the 7th, and now the dan- 
 ger of Chengalaput being removed, and that fort 
 
 O 4 having 
 
2i5 WAR ON THE I75S' 
 
 having received all its fupplies, the reafons for main- 
 taining the poft at the Mount no longer (iibfilled : 
 tliereiore it was determined to draw the whole force 
 r.cater to the garrilbn j and accordingly the enemy 
 having advanced within fight of the Mount in the 
 afternoon of the 9th, our army reared that evening 
 to the Choultry-plain, and there encamped. 
 
 The French army under the command of M. Lair 
 ly, encamped at the Mount, and their advanced guard 
 took poll at Marmelan. 
 
 The enerny having marched from the Mount, the 
 12th in the morning, appeared about day-break upon 
 Choultry-plain. Our army after about two hours can* 
 nonading, retired into the garrifon, and the enemy 
 encamped upon the (\x>t which our troops aban- 
 doned, about a mile and a half to the fouthward. At 
 the fame time iheir advanced guards took poffelhon of 
 the Garden-houfe, and the neighbouring village, in or- 
 der to inveft the town. The whole force of the ene- 
 my was three thoufand five hundred Europeans, two 
 thoufand Sepoys, and as many horfe. 
 
 Nothing of any confequence pafled the next day, 
 which was chiefly fpent in reconnoitring-, thisoccafio- 
 ned a few lliot to be fired, but without much effeft. 
 
 Three pofts which we held in the Black Tovi^n were 
 Reinforced, not with a defign to make an obflinate refift- 
 ance, but to retard their progrefs as much as poffible, 
 and then retreat towards the Fort in fuch a manner, as 
 to run no rifque of being cut of^. 
 
 Early in the morning of the 14th of December, 
 M. Lally marched in two columns to attack, and rake 
 poiTeffion of the Black Town, whofe large extent 
 made it impoffible for our fmall force to difpute it 
 witli the enemy ; there had been pofted only two or 
 three picquets in fuch parts as were nearclt to Fort 
 St. George. Upon M. l^ally's approach, they made 
 u hafly retreat towards the Fort, and increafed the ge- 
 neral ccnfiulor.. v.hicli at firft v/as but too vilible; 
 
 occafionec^ 
 
1758, COAST OF COROMANDEL. 217 
 
 occafioned by the numbers of black people, women 
 and children, who came thronging towards the fort 
 tor protedion. It appeared necel'.ary to do fomething 
 immediately, to reftore the fpirits of the garrifon ; 
 and to convince the enemy that we were not to be 
 taken fo ealily as they had been taught to believe. 
 Colonel Draper imagining that the mod probable 
 means of producing this efFeit might be by making 
 a lally, and diflodging the enemy, whilfl they were 
 yet unfettled, and perhaps plundering; for indeed 
 their apparent contempt of the garrifon, and known 
 want of difcipline, feemed to invite to the undertak- 
 ing, refolved to offer himfelf to command a party for 
 that fervice. He communicated his thoughts to the 
 Governor and Colonel Laurence, to whofe fuperior 
 authority, and greatjudgment, he paid the utmoft 
 deference. They were both of his opinion ; and, ac- 
 cording to his requeft, gave him five hundred men 
 and two field pieces. At the fame time one hundred 
 and fifty men under Major Brereton, marched at 
 fome diilance upon Colonel Draper's right flank, to 
 obferve Lally's brigade, and prevent their coming up- 
 on them from the north part of the Black Town, by 
 which they had entered. 
 
 The men marched out of the garrifon with great 
 refolution ; and had their regularity and obedience to 
 orders been equal to their fpirits, much might have 
 been, done ; for the French futfered our people to 
 form upon their left flank, miflaking them for Lally's 
 brigade. The fire of our artillery loaded with grape, 
 foon convinced them of their error -, they immediately 
 fell into the greateil confufion, abandoned their can- 
 non, and thought of nothing but faving themfelves. 
 Had a proper advantage been made of this critical 
 moment, the confequence might have been fatal to 
 the enemy. Colonel Draper's exhortations to the fol- 
 diery, to ceafe firing, and pufh the broken remains of 
 the French with fixed bayonets, were quite ineffedu- 
 al i though he himfelf advanced forwards to fet them 
 
 the 
 
2i3 WAR OS THE 1758. 
 
 the example. But as he was followed only by four 
 grenadiers, being unfupported, he was obliged to re- 
 tire i for of the four brave fellows who went on with 
 him, two were killed, the other two dangeroully 
 wounded. 
 
 Colonel Draper's march, pofitions, and retreat, 
 were as follows. The Colonel proceeded through the 
 flreet till he came to where he perceived fome of the 
 enemy, and received a fcattering fire, l^o check 
 them he left two platoons, and marched on with the 
 reft to where he had a fair view of the Lorraine 
 regiment and Indian battalions in the flank, for they 
 expeded him in another Itreet a little higher up, and 
 had pointed four guns in that direction. Our cannon 
 began to play brifkly with grape, and with the muf- 
 ketry made fuch havock among the enemy, that they 
 foon fell into confufion, and ran a-crois the ftreet 
 under cover of fome huts. 
 
 Colonel Draper then advanced towards their guns 
 (from which they had only fired three fhot) and ex- 
 changed a piftol with the officer, who offered to fur- 
 render them •, and had there been any men to bring 
 them off, they would have been taken : but our troops 
 having, like the French, thrown themfelves in among 
 fome old walls, and under cover of houfes, gave the 
 enemy time to rally ; and confufion became fo vifible 
 among our people, that Colonel Draper thought it 
 moft prudent to retreat, but unfortunately about 
 eighty of his men not paying a due regard to the mo- 
 tions of the reft, (which might be owing to the black 
 drummers having run away, who fhould have beat 
 the retreat,) were fhut up by the enemy in a fquare, 
 and taken prifoners. Colonel Draper being joined 
 by Major Brereton, continued his retreat with little 
 lofs to the Fort, notwithftanding the regiment of 
 Lally came from the Armenian church to the little 
 bridge, and, with two pieces, fired grape at our 
 troops pafling along, but they moflly fell (hort. 
 
 Could 
 
1753- COAST OF COROMANDEL. 219 
 
 Could regularity and obedience to the officers orders 
 hav'e been preterved annong the men in this Tally, it 
 might in all probability have prevented the fiege of 
 Madrafs, and have ended in the total overthrow of 
 ]the Lorraine regiment, and the two battalions of In- 
 dia ; as it was, they had thirty officers or more killed 
 and wounded, and near three hundred men. The 
 Count D'Eftfcing, a Brigadier General, was taken 
 priloner in the beginning of the a<5\ion. Our lofs was 
 Major Polier mortally wound d ; Captain Pafcall fhot 
 through the body -, Captain Hume mortally wounded 
 and taken ; Captain Lieutenant Bilhock killed ; Lieu- 
 tenant Elliot fhot through the body -, Lieutenant 
 Smith wounded and taken ; Lieutenant Blair wound- 
 ed and taken ; Enfign Cook wounded and taken ; En- 
 fign Chafe mortally wounded and taken. Our lofs of 
 men was one hundred and three taken, of which 
 nineteen were wounded, about fifty were left dead on 
 the ipot, and the fame number came in wounded ; fq 
 that we llifFered a diminution of more than two hun- 
 dred men, and nine officers. 
 
 In the beginning of December Major Caillaud, from 
 his known intereft and influence with the country pow- 
 ers, was fent with letters from the Prefidency to the 
 King of Tanjore, Tondeman, and the other Poly- 
 gars in that part of the country, in order to procure 
 affiitance from them, with which the Major was to 
 join Captain Preflon and Ilbuf Cawn, and take the 
 command of that party. 
 
 The danger both from the enemy and the feafon 
 were no fmall objedions to this undertaking ; for as it 
 was extremely difficult to guard againfl the former, 
 the danger of the latter was not lefs to be appre- 
 hended, fince it was the very height of the Monfoon ; 
 and there was no way of going to the fouthward but 
 by fea in an open boat, within reach of many garri- 
 fons which the enemy now poiTeiled on the coaft. 
 The Prefidency having duly weighed all thefe difficul- 
 ties, 
 
220 W A R ON TWE 1758- 
 
 ties, were determined at length to hazard them on ac- 
 count of the uncertain ftate of affairs at the court of 
 Tanjore, and the danger of its iaihng under the ab* 
 fblute influence of the French. Major Caillaud was 
 therefore ordered to proceed, which he did in the 
 manner aforementioned; and having overcome all 
 the difficulties which of confequence attended fuch a 
 voyage at that feafon, he landed at the Danifh Fort of 
 Tranquebar •, from whence as foon as the rains aba> 
 ted, which was about the middle of December, he 
 reached Tanjore. He found, at his arrival, the face 
 of that court ftrangely altered. Monagee, the Prime 
 Miniller, and all his adherents had been turned out, 
 and a new let placed at the head of affairs. When he 
 fpoke to the King, he found him ready to conlent to 
 every thing he allied ; but as foon as his back was turn- 
 ed, the new council overfet it all, by perfuading theKing 
 it was better to wait and fee the event, and then fide 
 with "the ftrongeft, according to the policy of eallern 
 courts. This did not abfolutely difcourage the Major, 
 who perfevered till he was promifed a body of five 
 hundred horle, which were to be got ready as foon as 
 polfible. While this was in agitation, the Major re- 
 ceived the firft advices that the enemy had inverted 
 Madrafs, and were in poUeflion of the Black Town. 
 The King had alfo received the account ; and as it is 
 natural to fiippofe, the example of Fort St. David, 
 which had been fo foon given up, ^ and his fears for 
 the fate of the only fettlement we had left, created 
 pev/ doubts and new delays. Major Caillaud was put 
 off from day to day^ but at lafl he carried his point, 
 though for no more than three hundred horfe, which 
 the company was to pay. He had colleded about 
 the dime number of Sepoy f, all chofen men, well 
 di!ciplined and acftive, and fo they proved -, for in ele- 
 ven days they marched tv/o hundred and fifty miles, 
 and got to Chengalaput. There he heard the party 
 hz was to coiTimand was at the Mount. Upon this 
 
 in- 
 
1759- COAST OF COR OM AND EL. 221 
 
 intelligence, the Major, leaving his men who were 
 too much fatigued to follow hira at that time, took 
 frefh horfes, and arrived at the Mount about two in 
 the morning. 
 
 Here he foiind that Ifbuf Cawn, (who after feveral 
 encounters had ft ill fifteen hundred Sepoys, and two 
 thoufand horfe) had been joined by Captain Preilon, 
 with part of the garrifon of Chengalaput, confifting 
 of about fix hundred Sepoys, fixty E.uropeans, and 
 fix three pounders. There were alfo added to this 
 party, Captain VaiTerot, with ten of his troopers. 
 The occafion of his coming was the immediate ne- 
 cellity of fupplying this little army with money, 
 which being indifpenfibly urgent, Captain Vaflerot 
 offered himfelf to lead ten of his troopers, who fhould 
 each carry a bag of a thoufand pagodas to the camp, 
 and this he moil gallantly effei5\ed. 
 
 With this body of troops Captain Prefton had fre- 
 quently cut off the enemy's fuppties by land, and fur- 
 prized one convoy with a number of fpare arms and 
 tents for three thoufand men, which he took. He 
 kept M. Lally in conftant alarms, by continually mo- 
 ving about, but flill keeping fo near hira, as greatly 
 to difturb andharrafs him. Captain Preflon had re- 
 pulfed feveral detachments from the French array •, 
 and, in one aftion, which had been very fevere, had 
 the good fortune to difperfe great part of the black 
 forces, which obliged the enemy to move off towards 
 ArcDt to recruit ; from whence they had returned with 
 an augmentation of the country troops three da)s be- 
 fore Major Caillaud joined the army. 
 
 Captain Prcfton's adivity, as it merited ,all the 
 acknowledgments which were beft:owed on it by the 
 garrifon, was in effe(5t, the greateil: interruption to 
 the befiegers. At length Mr. Lally, thoroughly fen- 
 fible of the check this flying camp could at all times 
 give to his defigns, refolved to fend fuch a force againil 
 them as would crufh them effedually. He ufed to 
 
 fay 
 
22i W A R OX THE ^1^9'i 
 
 fay they were like the flies, no fooner bent off trom one! 
 part, but they came to another. For this purpofe he 
 ordered a detachment of fix hundred Europeans, fif- 
 teen hundred Sepoys, all his cavalry, (which coniifted 
 of near three hundred European dragoons, arid about 
 one hundred HulTars, with a thoufand Marattas,) and 
 ten pieces of cannon, to attack them. Notice being 
 received before day that a large body of the enemy 
 were advancing. Major Caillaud prepared to receive 
 them, by poffing his troops to the belt advantage. It 
 has already been faid, that round the bottom of the 
 Mount, many inclofures had been made, and gardens 
 laid out, furrounded with brick walls parapet high not 
 to intercept the profped. On the Mount, and behind 
 thefe garden walls, the Major had made the bell dif- 
 pofition he could of his infantry. His cavalry were 
 all drawn up on the right, being the bell fpot where 
 they could att. As the day broke the enemy appear- 
 ed in fight, and the cannonade began Their cavalry 
 was inclining very fail to the right, about three hun- 
 dred paces from the front of our left. It was molily 
 their Europeans whopufhed on that fide, while iheir 
 Sepoys endeavoured to occupy all the banks and places; 
 on our left, for there they could be under cover. Their 
 cavalry made a Hand as loon as they came oppofue to 
 ours, to whom orders were immediately lent to 
 charge. They readily obeyed, and moved on with a 
 good countenance for about one hundred yards ^ but 
 finding the enemy were advancing upon them with 
 the lame intention, they v.'cre feized with a pannick, 
 and fled with the utmoil precipitation. 
 
 The French cavalry who were foremoft, purfued a 
 little too eager 1^' a large body that were prefling 
 through an interval, which is between the village and 
 the fcxjt of the Mount. They v/ere loon ftoppedby 
 a difcharge from a party of foot, v;hich had been 
 pofted there. Upon this they retreated, not without 
 
 lofs. 
 
1759- COAST OF COROMANDEL. 223 
 
 lofs. Things went on a little better on the left. The 
 village was well defended, and two or three times 
 taken and re-taken, till at length, after three hours 
 difpute, It was loft by the rafhnefs of the officer who 
 commanded that poft -, who feeing the enemy retreat 
 in fome confufion, indifcreetly purfued, not obferving 
 a party that was ready to fupport them. This party 
 flopped him, and drove him out of the vilbge which 
 he never after could recover. 
 
 Thus ftood affairs about ten o'clock in the morning, 
 when the enemy, tired of attacking^contented them- 
 felves with cannonading us feverely, in hopes, by that 
 means, they might diflodge us : but though our peo- 
 ple fuffered a good deal, they could not prevail ; there- 
 fore about four they made another attack ; but the 
 garden walls were fo lined with mufquetry, that it 
 quite difpirited them, and they began to think of a 
 retreat. At the clofe of the evening they moved off 
 their artillery, and foon after their whole body, and 
 left us mafters of the field of battle, where we re- 
 mained about two hours, which was all the time that 
 Mqjor Caiilaud thought proper to ftay, having no am- 
 munition itfr for his artillery, and very little for the 
 muiquetry : he therefore moved oft in the night to- 
 wards Chengalaput, the only place from whence he 
 could be fupplied. The lofs of the enemy in this af- 
 f-iir was about one hundred and feventy Europeans kil- 
 led and wounded, and near fhree hundred Sepoys. 
 
 In the beginning of the fiege, M. Lally, who had 
 made very free wif h the Dutch ever fince his arrival in 
 the country, was pieafed to gwe them another proof 
 of what little refpect he paid to their neutrality, by 
 feizing the Fort of Sadrafs, a fettlement of theirs on 
 the coaft, equally diftant from Pondichery and Ma- 
 drals. Being refolved to make a magazine of this 
 place, he turned out the Dutch foldiers and garrifon- 
 cd it with French , giving for a realon, that he did it 
 
 to 
 
224 W A R ON- THE 1750. 
 
 to-prevent our taking it, which he pretended was our 
 dtlign. 
 
 When it had palled into the hands of our enemy, 
 Major Caiilaud tliought proper to lay a plan for fur- 
 prizing it, and dilpoled his march fo as to be there 
 about four o'clock in the morning. The darkneis of 
 the night deceiving the gr.ides, he could not reach Sa- 
 drafs, which is twenty miles from Chengalaput till 
 lat« next day, which efietlually difappointed his 
 Icheme, as he was not llrong enough to attempt it by 
 open force. An accident, however, made him 
 amends for his difappointment. At night his patroles 
 brought him one ul" M. Lally's mellengers, with a let- 
 tei" directed to the Governor of Pondichery •, which is 
 fb extraordinary,, that it would be unpardonable not 
 to infert it with the other occurrences relative to the 
 fiege of Fort ot. George ■, efpecially as it is a moft 
 authentic proof that the garrifon owed their delive- 
 rance to their own bravery andcondud:, and not to the 
 arrival of the (hips, fince they did not appear till after 
 the writing of this letter. 
 
 Au camp devant Madras le 14 Fevrier. 1759. 
 
 Monfieur, 
 *' II auroit un beau coup a faire ici, il y a un Vaif- 
 feau en cette rade de ving". pieces de canon charge de 
 toutes les richellesde ?v'.adras et qu'on dit y devoir rel- 
 ter jufqu'au vingtiem.e : I'Expedition vient d'arriver 
 mais M. Gorlin n'eft point homme a I'attaquer, puis 
 qu*il I'a deja fait fuir une fois. LeBriflol d'un autre 
 cote a peine a paru a St. Thome que fur la nouvelle 
 vague des treizi Vaifleaux de Fortonove il a pris I'epou- 
 vante et apres avoir debarquee les munitions dont il 
 etoit charge, il n'a feulement pas voulu fe donner le 
 tems de reprendre douze pieces de fon canon qu'il nous 
 avoit prete pendant le liege-, fi| 'etoit juge du point 
 d'honneur des officiers de la compagnie, je le caflerois 
 comme un verre, ainfi que quelques autrts : or la 
 
 Fidelle 
 
J759- COAST OF COROMANDEL. 225 
 
 Fidelle oil ce meme Brifto], avec fes douze canons de 
 plus, fufifiroit pour fe rendre maitre du batiment An- 
 glois, s'il pouvoit paryenir a gagner le vent fur )uy 
 dans robfcu rite de la nuit. Maugendre et Tremillier 
 font, dit on, tres bons et ne dullent ils fervir qu'au 
 tranfport de deux cens blefses que nous avons ici, le 
 fervice feroit d'importance. 
 
 *' Nous fommes toujours dans la meme pofition : 
 la breche faite depuis quinze jours, toujours a quinze 
 toizes du mur de la place, et jamais ne levant latete 
 pour la regarder. Je compte qu'en arrivant a Pondi- 
 chery nouschtrcherons tousa apprendre quelqu'autre 
 metier, car celuy de la guerre exige trop de pati- 
 ence. 
 
 " De quinze mille Cipayesdont I'armee eft censee 
 comp.-'See,j'en compte a peu pres huit cens fur la route 
 de Pondichery, charge de fucre et de poivre et autres 
 marchandifes, quant aux Coulis, ils font tous em- 
 ployes pour le meme objet depuis le jour que nous 
 fommes arrive ici. 
 
 " Je prendrai mes mefures des aujourd'huy pour 
 embrafer la ville noire et faire fauter la Poudriere, 
 vous n'imaginerez jamais que ce font cinquante defer- 
 x.<urs Francois et une centaine de Suiffes qui tiennent 
 en arret deux milie hommes des troupes du Roy et de 
 la Compagnie qui font encore ici exiftant, malgre les 
 etats furchargis que chacun fait ici a fa guife de la 
 boucherie qu'on en a fait, et vous ferez encore plus 
 furprisfije vous difois^ que fans les deux combats et les 
 qaatres battailles que nous avons effuye, et fans les 
 deux batteries qui ont ete manqueesou faites de travers, 
 pour parler plus clairement, nous n'aurions pas perdu 
 cinquantes hommes depuis le commencement du fiege, 
 jufques aujourd'huy. J'ay ecrit a M. de Larche, s'il 
 perfifte a ne point venir ici, tirera de Pargent qui 
 voudra des Poleagares, ce ne fera pas moy, etje re- 
 nonce, comme je vous en ai deja prevenu il y a plus 
 d'un mois, a me meler direcl:ement ni indireclement 
 de tout ce qui peut avoir raport a votre adminiftrati- 
 
 P ODi 
 
225 W A R ON THE 1759' 
 
 on, foit civile foit militaire i I'irai plus tot comman- 
 der les Caffres de Madagafcar que de refter dans cette 
 Sodome, qu'il neft pas poflible que le feu des Anglois 
 ne detruife tot ou tard au defaut de celuy du Ciel. 
 
 I'ay I'honneur d'etre, &c. 
 
 L A L L Y." 
 
 " Je fuis obliger de vous prevenir que Mr. De 
 Soupire ayant refuse de prendre le commandement de 
 cette armee queje luy ai offert, et auquel il eft auto- 
 rise par le double de mes expeditions que la cour luy 
 avoit remis, ilfaudra que malgrevous, avec le confeil, 
 vous vous en chargiez, Je m'engage feulement a vous 
 la ramener foit a Arcatte, Ibit a Sadrafs, envoyez y 
 vos ordres, ou portez vous y vous meme pour la Com- 
 mander, car je la quite en y arrivant." 
 
 Tranflation of an intercepted letter from M Lally to 
 M. de Leyrit. 
 
 From the camp before Madrafs, the 14th 
 of February 1759. 
 
 " A good blow might be ftruck here : there is a 
 fhip in the road, of twenty guns, laden with all the 
 riches of Madrafs, which it is faid will remain there 
 till the 20th. The Expedition isjuft arrived, but M. 
 Gorlin is not a man to attack her •, for fhe has made 
 him run away once before. The Briftol, on the other 
 hand, did but juft make her appearance before St. 
 Thomas, and on the vague report of thirteen fhips 
 coming from Porto Novo, fhe took fright ; and after 
 landing the provifions with which (he was laden, (he 
 would not ftay long enough, even to take on board 
 twelve of her own guns, which fhe had lent us for the 
 fiege. 
 
 " If 
 
1755^. COAST OF CoROMANDEL* 227 
 
 " If I was the judge of the point of honcrir of the 
 Company's officers, I would break him like glafs, as 
 well as fome others of them. 
 
 *' The Fidelle, or the Harlem, or even the a^ore* 
 faid Briftol, with her twelve guns reftored to her, 
 would be fufficient to make themfelves maflers of the 
 Englifb fhip, if they could manage fo as to get to 
 windward of her in the night. Maugendre and Tre-^ 
 m.illier are faid to be good men ; and were they em- 
 ployed only to tranfport two hundred wounded men, 
 that we have here, their lervice would be of impor-* 
 tance. 
 
 " We remain flillin the fame pofition : the breach 
 made thefe fifteen days •, all the time within fifteen 
 toifes of the wall of the place, and never holding up 
 our heads to look at it. 
 
 *' I reckon we fhall, at our arrival at Pond ichery, 
 endeavour to learn fome other trade ; for this of war 
 requires too much patience, 
 
 " Of fifteen hundred Sepoys which attended our 
 army, I reckon near eight hundred are employed upon 
 the road to Pondichery, laden with fugar, pepper^ 
 and other goods ; and as for the Coulis, they are all 
 employed for the fame purpofe, from the firft day we 
 came here. 
 
 " I am taking my meafares from this day to fet fire 
 to the Black-town, and to blow up the powder-mills. 
 
 *' You will never imagine, that fifty French defer-* 
 ters, and one hundred Swifs, are actually flopping the 
 progrefs of tv/o thouland men of theKi'ng's and Com- 
 pany's troops, Vv'hich are Hill here exifling^ notwith* 
 ftandirg the exaggerated accounts that every one ' 
 makes here, according to his own fancy, of the 
 Daughter that has been made of them ; and you will 
 be (till more furprized, if I tell you, that, were ft not 
 for the two combats and four battles we Villained, and 
 for the batteries which failed, or, to fpeak more pro- 
 perly, which were unfkilfully made, we Ihould not 
 
 P z have 
 
228 W A R ON TH« 1759, 
 
 have loft fifty men, from the commencement of the 
 fiegetothisday. 
 
 " I have Vi^rote toM. de Larche, that if he perfifts in 
 not coming here, let who will raife money upon the Poly- 
 gars for me, I will not do it : and I renounce (as I in- 
 formed you a month ago I would do) meddling, dire6\!y 
 or indiredtly, with any thing whatever that may have 
 relation to your adminiftration, whether civil or milita- 
 ry. For I had rather go and command the Caffres of 
 Madagalcar, than remain in this Sodom ; which it is 
 impoflible but the fire of the Englifh muft dellroy, 
 fooner or later, even though that from Heaven Ihould 
 not. 
 
 I have the honour to be, &:c. &c. 
 
 Signed, LALLY. 
 
 P. S. I think it neceffary to apprize you, that, as 
 M. de Soupire has refufed to take upon him the com- 
 mand of this army, which I have offered to him, and 
 which he is impowered to accept, by having received 
 from the court a duplicate of my commillion, ycu 
 muft of neceflity, together with the council, take it 
 upon you. For my part, I undertake only to bring it 
 back, either to Arcot or Sadrafs. Send therefore, 
 your orders, or come yourfelves to command it ; for 
 I fhall quit it upon my arrival there. 
 
 Upon the receipt of this letter, which was imme- 
 diately fent to Madrafs, Major Caillaud marched 
 back again, to be near the fort, and to be ready for 
 what fervice might be required of him. M. Lally 
 had not time to execute his intentions of burning the 
 Black-town, for on the i6th in the evening, at length 
 arrived our long expetled reinforcement : on their firft 
 appearance he got ready for his march, and the next 
 morning he was near out of fight. He left behind 
 him all his heavy cannon, about forty pieces, and a 
 large quantity of flores. And thus Madrafs was fav- 
 cd, after a fiege.of nine weeks, to the great honour 
 
 of 
 
1759- COAST ot CO ROMAN DEL. 229 
 
 of all thofe who were concerned in its defence. Co- 
 lonel Lawrence, who commanded, had the fatisfadti- 
 on to fee all his fervices in the country crowned by a 
 moft honourable defence of the capital. His judg- 
 ment and experience were nobly fecon^ed by the fpi'^ 
 lited conduct and bravery of Colonel Draper and Ma- 
 jor Brereton, The Governor, Mr. Pigot, contributed 
 alfo greatly to their fuccefs, by his prudent manage- 
 ment of the ftores, and the regularity which he en- 
 forced : he frequently vifited all the pofls, and was 
 very liberal to thofe who diftinguifhed themfelves up^ 
 on the works. 
 
 The fum of fifty thoufand roupees had been pro- 
 mifed, as an encouragement and reward to the garri- 
 fon for their good behaviour, in cafe they fhould, by 
 their refiflance, oblige the enemy to raife the fiege. 
 Immediately upon the going off of the French the 
 money was iffiaed, and two thirds diftributed among 
 the Europeans, and one third to the Sepoys and Lai- 
 cars. 
 
 A fiege which occafioned the exertion of fo much 
 judgment, ikill, and indefatigable a(5livity, as were 
 fhewn by the Governor and military officers, deferves 
 to be recorded in the moflcircumftantial manner j ef- 
 pecially as the minute operations for the defence of 
 the works will be inftrudtive to all who either praftice 
 or delight in the art of fortification. It is very fortu- 
 nate that a particular detail of all the operations has 
 been delivered, in a journal taken upon the fpot by 
 the principal engineer : fuch a curiofity muft be the 
 more acceptable, as it is certainly rare -, there having 
 been few inftances, of late years, of any place which 
 has been fo fcrioufly attacked, and fo obflinately and 
 fuccefsfully defended. 
 
 A JOUR' 
 
A 
 
 JOURNAL 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 Siege of Fort St. George, 
 
 Begun the 12th of December, 1758. 
 Ended the 17th of February, 1759. 
 
 By J. C A L L, Chief Engineer; 
 
 Thurfday, Dec. 14. 1758. 
 
 DURING the fally, the enemy fired feveral 
 fhot from fome field-pieces into the fort, but 
 did no damage ; they were quiet the remain- 
 ing part of the day, and we only fired a few cannon 
 on thole places where we imagined they were at work. 
 No Europeans, were to be had this day for a working 
 party ; but I luckily coUeded a few Cooleys, brick- 
 layers, and other artificers, and fet them to make a 
 dam in the gut, to (hut up the communication 
 between the water in the river and ditch, left the 
 enemy fhould cut the dam, which kept up the wa- 
 ter two feet or more, and thereby drain fo much off, , 
 This was a piece of work on which much depended, 
 
 P 4 and 
 
5133 J O U R N A L OF THE 175S. 
 
 ^nd which, with difficulty, I got finifhed before night. 
 I alio fet up a paliifaJoe in an opening under the fouth 
 flank of the royal baftion, and removed fome gabi- 
 ons, faicines, and other materials, w;:ich were in the 
 way on the ramparts. 
 
 Dec. 15.] Several deferters have come in from the 
 enemy this day andyefterday ; who all agree in their 
 reports, that the enemy lofl many men and officers in 
 yefterday's a6tion. The enemy fired not a (hot this 
 day from cannon or fmall arms, nor have they been 
 perceived any where at work ; though we have many 
 inform.ations of their eredina; batteries, and fire now 
 and then at the fufpedled places. By the enemy's re- 
 connoitring and fiaia? ion, itfeemsasif they intended 
 to attack the north front by the north-eaft angle ; I 
 therefore confidered what was moil necclTary to be 
 done to oppofe them, and reiolved to co,mi^.leat the 
 blind which I intended before the old north-eall baftion, 
 and to erect a faicine battery on the glacis, before the 
 fhoulder of the eafl: lace of the north-eaft baftion ; 
 which battery is to reach quite down to the furf, and in- 
 tended to fvveep under the bank of the glacis, which 
 had been cut down by the fea, and afforded good cover 
 for an enemy. It was alfo determined to fet up a pal- 
 lifadoe before the fea gate, and to dole up with ftones 
 the fmall gate on each fide the large one A Captain, 
 two fubaherns, and one hundred men, belides all the 
 blacks I could colled, wereoidered on the above fer- 
 vices, with MefT. Leigh, Eifer, and Stevenfon, engi- 
 neers. 
 
 16.] A party of forty volunteers, and forty Se- 
 poys, were this night ordered out, about eleven 
 o'clock, to give the enemy an alert, and, ifpofTible, 
 nail up fome pieces of cannon which it was faid were 
 in the Black-town -, but they had not proceeded much 
 be"jnd the glacis, before the enemy's advanced ccn- 
 tinels gave their fire, and alarmed their whole force ; 
 lo that our party, on hearing the drum beat to arms, 
 
 retired. 
 
I7s8. SIEGE OF FORT St. GEORGE. 233 
 
 retired. A party of one hundred foldiers, and fixty- 
 five Sepoys, were this morning paraded for working, 
 and dillributed chiefly to the woiks mentioned yefter- 
 day, which were nearly finiflied by night ; and the 
 pallifadoe round the fea gate Viranda entirely com- 
 pleated. Fafcines were alfo laid round, to form a pa- 
 rapet on that part of the lea gate battery which had 
 none ; and fome fand bags laid for the fame purpofe 
 in part of the barbet battery towards the fea : earth 
 was alfo laid on the arch over the magazine under the 
 old weft: curtain, and over part of the hofpital ad- 
 joining _ ) 
 
 Dec. 17.] Laft night, about eight o'clock, the ene* 
 my gave an alarm, by a few men coming near the gla- 
 cis and giving their fire : nothing remarkable happen- 
 ed afterwards. This day one hundred men, two Ser- 
 jeants and one corporal, were on a working party, but 
 the weather being very rainy, little was done ; they, 
 and about two hundred blacks, were chiefly employ- 
 ed on the two batteries mentioned the 15th, to the 
 north-eaft, in thickening the parapets of the old north- 
 eaft baftion, compleating the barbet battery with fand- 
 bags, laying earth on the hofpital arches, fixing a pal- 
 lifadoe to clofe the communication from the covered 
 way on each fide to the north ravelin, and repairing 
 fome cheeks of the embrafures on the demi-baflion, 
 befides other trifling repairs. The enemy was not for 
 certain perceived to be any where at work, though 
 fingle guns fby way of fecurity in the night, I fup- 
 pofe) were perceived in fome of the ftreets. Very 
 few fhot were fired by us, and fewer fhells, during 
 diis day. Several deferters came in lafl: night and this 
 evening; from whom we learnt the enemy had fome 
 mortars arrived at St. Thome. The Governor this 
 day gave it out publickly, that he would diftribute fifty 
 thoufand roupees among the garrifon five days af- 
 ter the fiege was raifed, or the French beat off. 
 
 Dec. 
 
234 JOURNAL OF THt 1758. 
 
 Dec. 18J This morning it was perceived that the 
 enemy had thrown up a bieaft-work from the houfes 
 on the beach near the Old-town, to the lea fide ; but 
 whether intended for a battery, or to prevent any at- 
 tempt of ours on their flank, cannot be faid, though 
 I believe the latter j becaufe the trench from whence 
 the faad has been taken is on the fide of the enemy, 
 contrary to the method of making batteries -, fome- 
 thing of the fame kind was perceived in the ftrcets 
 next the fea, but no guns or mortars have yet been 
 .fired, or appeared ready for that purp('{e On our 
 fide, a very fevv Ihot or (lie Us were thrown. The 
 gentlemen of the fquadron, and marines, who had been 
 on board a Dutch fnow the i 2th, with an intent to go 
 and take the French fhip which is coming up with their 
 .ftores, were this morning landed, being very unwil- 
 Jing to undertake the expedition •, and having been 
 detained by bad weather fo long in the road, that it 
 was fuppofed they were difcovered. Captain Jafper, 
 who was to have commanded them, appeared much 
 chagrined at his difappointment ^ and indeed with rea- 
 iba, for had he lucceeded (and I think he had great 
 reaibn to expect fuccefs) nothing could have done us 
 more fervice, or the enemy greater prejudice. A great 
 many people were perceived to day moving from the 
 Mount towards the Black-town, which we apprehend- 
 ed were bringing up the enemy's llores. It is very 
 remarkable, that thirty-three deferters have come in 
 from the enemy hnce their arrival, and not one man 
 has deferted irom the garrifon, or been feen in li- 
 qtior. 
 
 A Peon came in and informed us, that Cap- 
 tain Prcilon had fent out a party, under Lieute- 
 nant Airy, from Chengalaput, which had intercepted 
 a convoy of th'e enemies (lores, confi'ling of tents 
 furHcient for the covering <'f three thoufand men, a 
 laige mortar, uhich he f[:iked up, and burnt the bed ; 
 two guns, which he alfo Ipiked, and burnt the car- 
 riages i 
 
;■ 5 
 
 8. SIEGE OF FORT St. GEORGE. 235 
 
 riac^es; and fome ammunition, which he carried off, 
 uidi all the bullocks. No deferters lad night ; which 
 i6 owing, I luppofe, to fome extraordinary care or or- 
 ders of iM. Laily's, The working party was this day 
 about one hundred men, without officers -, they, and 
 the black artificers, were chiefly employed in fixing a 
 palliiadoe before the new battery by the Tea fide : 
 opening another embrafure in that battery ; cutting 
 down the high bank which the furf had made by 
 wafhing away the glacis ; thickening the parapets of 
 the old north-eafl ballion ; repairing the embrafures 
 with palmeiras, which had been blown away by our 
 own guns-, laying earth on the hofpital ; fixing a palli- 
 fadce on the gorge of the north ravelin, and repairing 
 a dam which had been made in the gut to the 
 north-weft to keep the water in the ditch ; but the wa- 
 ter had rofe fo high by the lad four day's rain, that 
 half the dam was deflroyed, and the water confider- 
 ably funk. 
 
 Dec. 1 9.] This morning we perceived that the enemy 
 had thrown up another breaft-work, about fixty feet 
 in length, and one hundred yards, or more, advanced 
 before that thrown up the preceding night •, both thefe 
 retrenchments terminate on the furf, the latter at the 
 diftance of about five hundred yards from the north- 
 eaft faliant angle of the covered way, and feem ra- 
 ther intended to cover a guard ported there to 
 prevent a furprize, or defertion, than for any annoy- 
 ance to the fort ; however, from the proceeding of 
 the enemy it appears as if they intended to advance 
 along the beach, and attack the demi and north-eaft 
 baftions ; it is therefore refolved that platforms fhould 
 be raifed in the covered way, fufficiently high for field- 
 pieces, on covered way carriages, to fire over the pa- 
 rapet. It is further refolved to raife a parapet of 
 the demi baflion, near the faliant angle, two or three 
 feet higher than the relt, and to ered a traverfe on 
 the eaft wing, to prevent an enfilade ; to raife the 
 
 blind 
 
2^5 JOURNAL OF THE 1758. 
 
 blind before the north call baflion, Co high as will 
 Jul admit the guns to fire over it at the enemy's 
 works ; that the palTage between the upper and lower 
 flank of the demi-ballion fhould be cloied in the fe- 
 cureft manner ; and that the north ravelin fhould be 
 put in the beli condition of defence we might have 
 time or workmen to do. The working party, of 
 about one hundred men, with fuch Cooleys, Pallan- 
 keen boys and others, as I could colledt, were fet 
 about the ffveral articles above mentioned. The 
 firiiig on our fide was little to-day, except from wail 
 pieces j and not even a mufket Ibot came from the 
 enemy, tive Chelingas were feen this morning go- 
 ing out of St. Thome bar, and failed to the fouthward, 
 as we apprehended for floics. 
 
 Dec. 20.J Lall night the fubaltern on duty in the 
 north eaft angle of the covered way, with twenty-one 
 men and fome Sepoys, was ordered to fally on the re- 
 trenchment and v/orks, which we fuppofed the enemy 
 was carrying on ; but it being rather too light they were 
 difcovered, and the Sepoys taking a pannick at a party 
 of fix horfe which appeared, ran away, which intimi- 
 dated the Europeans, and they, after giving their fire, 
 retreated alfo. We had one European killed and two 
 dangeroully wounded : the Sepoys fuffered in the fame 
 manner. The Commandant of Sepoys, Jemaul Saib, 
 being defirous of attacking St. Thome laft night, 
 was fent out with ten companies of Sepoys ; but tak- 
 ing the dirc(ft road over the Long-bridge, he was dif- 
 covered by a few French Sepoys, at Mr. Powney's 
 houfe, who gave him their fire; upon which mofl of 
 his people threw down their arms, which induced him 
 to return. The enemy, we could perceive this morn- 
 ing, had been at work lafl night, and to appearance, 
 had drawn about fifty yards of a parallel weftward 
 from their mofl advanced breafl-work. They alfo 
 had got a gun behind their firfl bread-work, and 
 
 fron> 
 
1758* SIEGE OF FORT St. GEORGE. 237 
 
 from thence fired feveral (hot at the fnow \ YaAi '^y 
 in the road under dutch colours : the (hot mofUy fell 
 fhort, one or two entered a ;d killed a Lafcar ; the 
 velTel therefore w.=3iu!;hed and f!;ood a little farther >'fF, 
 as well to avoid any annoyance from thence, as to pre- 
 vent a fur prize. A boat appearing off St. Thome, 
 a party of marines was fent in three moiiulas to ft^tch 
 her in, which thev effected, and found her to be a 
 boat going from Sadrafs to Pulliacat. The working 
 party was this day one hundred men, and employed 
 as yefterday, except on the old north-eaft baftion, 
 the parapets of which were (inillied. This afternoon 
 the artillery ferjeant on the north-eaft balfion, intend- 
 ing to fire a difcharge of grape at fome of the ene- 
 my which appeared at their breaft-works, unfortu- 
 nately fome fcattering (hot fell into the covered way, 
 and miferably wounded three Cooleys who were rolling 
 gabions upon the work there carrying on. 
 
 Dec. 2 1 .] Laft night we (ired fhot or (hells every eight 
 or ten minutes, on the place where we fufpeded the e- 
 nemy would work, and by that means prevented them 
 from doing any thing more than throwing up an im- 
 perfedt communication from the firft to the fecond 
 breaft-work. Advice being brought in laft night, 
 that the enemy had two guns at Trivelcane, and vf,- 
 ry few troops at St. Thome ; about ten o'clock in 
 the morning near one thoufand Sepoys, with twenty 
 Europeans, commanded by Town-Major Bannatyne 
 and Enfign Crawley, went along the beach to the 
 fouthward, crolTed the bar, and marched through the 
 village beyond the Governor's gardens, where they 
 furprized two or three fmall Sepoy guards, intei* 
 cepted fome letters, took a trooper's horfe and arms, 
 and one foldier prifoner ; but on advancing down 
 the road towards Mr. Turing's Houfe, they perceived 
 a body of Europeans and blacks which they were not 
 a match for, and therefore returned by the way they 
 
 went. 
 
238 JOURNAL OP THE 1758. 
 
 went. From the fort-houle we perceived, in the mean 
 time, two guns perhaps eighteen or twenty-four 
 pounders, the one drawn by bullocks, fifteen or eigh- 
 teen yoke, and the other by bullocks and Coolcys, 
 palhng from Chindadree pagoda acrofs the plain to- 
 wards the Potters village ; but being near enough for 
 our great guns to reach them, fome fhot were imme- 
 diately fired from the Nabob's baftion, and Law- 
 rence's, which loon made the Cooleys and bullocks 
 halt, and one of the guns finking almoft to the axle- 
 tree at the fame time, it was propofcd to fend a party 
 of three hundred Sepoys, with a promife of a great 
 reward, to nail up the cannon ; they were according- 
 ly fent out at the weftern gate, on the fight of which, 
 and our firing, the bullocks were caft off from the 
 guns, and the Cooleys ran away, leaving the guns a- 
 lone. Our firing, and the motions of the fcepoys, 
 alarmed the enemy in the Black-town, fo that about 
 two hundred European horie were fent in all hade to- 
 wards the guns, and their foot marched to the weft 
 fide of the Black-town to fupport them ; this we per- 
 ceived, and fearing the Sepoys might be cut to 
 pieces, fent orders for them not to advance beyond 
 the little bridge leading from the ifland to Egmore. 
 The enemy, by thefe motions, were entirely alarmed, 
 and we had an opportunity of firing many fhot at 
 their horfe and foot, but the execution was uncertain. 
 About four or five in the evening more Cooleys and 
 bullocks were fent to fetch their guns, and, in fpite 
 of our fire carried them off towards Mr. Turner's 
 garden -houfe ; where, I believe they were left for 
 that night. The working party the fame number, 
 and employ, as ycllerday. Mr. Lally, by a letter 
 to Count D'Eftaing yellerday, complained that Ifouf 
 Cawn was committing areat devaftations to the fouth- 
 ward, near Pondichery ■, and that he iTiould in con- 
 fequence, be obliged to make reprifals round Ma- 
 
 drafs. 
 
1758. SIEGE OF FORT St. GEORGE. 239 
 
 drafs. As to that, he cannot well depopulate the 
 county more than he has ; for, though he may be 
 obliged to rrtreat, it will be long e'er iVliidrafs re- 
 covers its inhabitants, aid uetomts a place of 
 trade. 
 
 The Nabob and his family were laft night fent on 
 board the fnow in the road, with Mr. Norris, a coun- 
 fellor, and fai'ed this mp)rning for Negapatam, where 
 it is propofed the Nabob fhall land, and proceed to 
 Trichinopoly, from whence he may have an oppor- 
 tunity of ditturbing the enemy. 
 
 Dec. 22.] Laft night the fire of fhot and fhells on the 
 enemy was as the preceding nights; the working 
 party was one hundred men, and employed, in ge- 
 neral, as before, except thofe on the demi bafcion, 
 where the traverfe being finifhed, they were fet to 
 repair fome part of the face and front of two mer- 
 lons, which had fallen down in the late rains. 
 
 23] The cannon or mortars fired laft night every 
 ten minutes on the enemy, in order to difturb their 
 workmen, who by morning had deepened and length- 
 ened their parallel a few feet ; they had aho been at 
 work on their line of communication betw een Mutali 
 Pettah and Peda Naigues ; but had not finilhed either 
 that, or the work they had been on eliewhere. About 
 eight or nine in the morning a fail appeared to the 
 northward, and anchored about eleven o'clock ; fhe 
 faluted with nine guns, which we anfwered with nine 
 fhot into the Black-town. This fhip was the Thames, 
 from Vizagapatam in four days ; and brings us ad- 
 vice of Colonel Forde having given the Marquis de 
 Conflans, and the French forces under him, an entire 
 defeat ; the further particulars of which muft be de- 
 ferred till the letters are landed, the wind blew fo 
 frefh, and the furf ran fo high, that no boat could get 
 off. However, that the enemy might not wait fo 
 long, we had all the troops in the covered way, and 
 
 gave 
 
240 JOURNAL OF THE 1758. 
 
 gave them a Feu de Joye from our mufketry, and 
 three times Ctven twenty-four pounders >vith Ihot into 
 the Black-town. The working party confifted of one 
 hundred men, and were employed on the blind be- 
 fore the old north -eall baftion^ and on raifing the fa- 
 ces of the royal to the diftance of forty feet on each 
 fide the faliant angle, to prevent the eifedl of (hot en 
 ricochet ; for which purpofe the firft embrafures on 
 each fide were clofed. The black artificers and Coo- 
 leys were employed on the north lunette, raifing the 
 parapets, lining the embrafures with Palmeira trees, 
 and clofing the communication with the covered way 
 by a traverfe an each fide. 
 
 Dec. 24 ] The wind blowing very hard laft night, it 
 was apprehended the Thames, which had only one an- 
 chor and cable, and drove, would have been obliged 
 to quit the road, however, fhe rode it out •, but on 
 feeing the veflel to the northward weigh, and ftand 
 towards the road, fhe weighed alfo, and ftretched off 
 tofea; in the afternoon fhe attempted to fetch in 
 again, but by the evening washout of fight to the 
 fouthward. The French veflfel came oppofite the 
 north end of the Black-town and anchored. The 
 fire of fhot and (hells lad night, on fiich places as the 
 enemy was fufpecfted to be working at, was (bmewhat 
 more frequent than the preceding evening: and, 
 by what we could difcover, they had only enlarged 
 their parallel a little, and placed a few timbers within 
 to keep up the earth. The working party was about 
 one hundred men, and was employed on the blind 
 before the old north-eaft baftion, and in raifing the 
 parapets of the royal baftion. The blacks, in facing 
 the embrafures of the northern works, and finifliing 
 the traverfes of the north ravelin. This evening a 
 foldier was executed for attempting or threatening to 
 Ihoot his ferjeant. Finding that the foldiers on the 
 working parties were fomewhat unruly, the Governor 
 gave out immediate orders, that all people fo em- 
 ployed 
 
1758. SIEGE OF FORT St. GEORGE. 241 
 
 ployed fnould ftridly obey my own, or afliftant's or- 
 I ders i and, in cafe of negled, be feverely punifhed. 
 Mr. Catsford, a Company's fervant, was appointed 
 a pra'ititioner, and to rank as Enfign. 
 
 Dec. 25.] The fire from our cannon and mortars was 
 kept up laft night as in the preceding. The enemy, 
 as far as we could perceive, had done very little work, 
 and that only in deepening and thickening their pa- 
 rallel. Our working party was one hundred men, 
 befides fome few Lalcars, about thirty Coolces, and 
 fifty or fixty Sepoys : they were in general employed 
 as yefterday, except in removing the fafcine parapet 
 on the fea gate redoubt, and making another of ga- 
 bions. The traverfes of the north lunette were this 
 day finifhed, and the platforms of the demi baftion 
 were lengthened eight feet with fleepers and plank. 
 The Governor, Colonel Lawrence, and the principal 
 officers having aflembled this evening, and confidered 
 fome intelligence they had received of the enemy's 
 erecting batteries, agreed that the moft neceflary 
 work at prefent was finiChing the traverfes on the 
 royal baftion, and then clofing the opening between 
 the north-well curtain and the blind before the Mint 
 fally-port ; alfo ereding a traverfe in the covered 
 way, before the north face of the royal baftion. Laft 
 night, as a Corporal was patroling on the glacis to the 
 northward, a Sepoy fired at him, and ftiot him dead. 
 In the forenoon a iloop appeared to the northward, 
 ftanding this way ; but the French ftiip hoifting her 
 colours when the floop came a-breaft, and firing two 
 guns, the floop anchored, and foon after ftood in un- 
 der the fhips's ftern ; fhe had white colours, but ap- 
 peared to be a Moors floop. 
 
 26.] The fire of our artillery and mortars was laft 
 night pretty fmart, and v/e could not perceive that the 
 enemy had done any thing on the north-eaft ; on the 
 weft, in the ftreet near the old hofpital, we perceived 
 they had placed fome green gabions, and made a 
 
 .0^ work ; 
 
242 JOURNAL OF THE J758. 
 
 work -, but it appeared to be rather a retrenchment 
 a-crofs the ftreet than a battery. The working par- 
 ty was one hundred foldicrs and about three hun- 
 dred Sepoys, who, with the Lafcars and Cooleys, 
 were employed on the works determined on yefter- 
 day, and on thofe in hand before. 
 
 Dt'C. 27.] Lad night a pretty brifk fire was made 
 from the cannon and morrars on the north front, on 
 fuch places as it was imagined the enemy were at 
 work in. The working party was one hundred Euro- 
 peans and tsvo hundred and fifty Sepoys, employed 
 as vefterdav. 
 
 28.] Jn the morning we difcovered that they had 
 thrown up fome earth among the ruins of the houfe* 
 a little to the north of the old hofpital, and that 
 they had thickened and heightened their work to the 
 north fo much, that it had more the appearance of 
 a battery than a parallel. The working party, of 
 one hundred Europeans and three hundred Sepoys, 
 ^ was employed on the works already mentioned. 
 
 29.] The fire of (hot and fhells, to the north and 
 weft, was pretty brilk in the night ; however the 
 enemy had been hard at work, for in the morning 
 we perceived they had formed a ftout parapet to the 
 weftvvard, and, to appearance, had three embrafures 
 in it, though they were not opened ; the intent 
 feems to be to fire on St. George*s lunette, the bridge 
 of communication to it, and on the bridge leading 
 to the ifland. Their work to the northward ap- 
 peared now very plainly to be intended for a batte- 
 ry, in which 1 oW'erved five rows of pickets, placed 
 at equal dirtances as centers of embrafures, and by 
 the length of the work there might be room for four 
 more ; the diredion feems to be againft the north 
 face of the old north -eail baltion, and the north 
 face of the demi ballion. About ten in the morn- 
 ing we perceived a red flag on the Mount, inftead 
 ©f the vvliite there before j fo that we concluded 
 
 Captain 
 
1758. SIEGE OF FORT St. GEORGE. 243 
 
 Captain Prellon had pofTeflion of that pofl. The 
 enemy this afternoon appeared to be working on 
 their battery to the northward, and feveral pieces of 
 timber and plank were feen carrying thither for 
 platforms towards the evening -, I alfo difcovered a 
 large mortar placed in the communication between 
 the two breaft-works firfl begun by the enemy near 
 the fea-fide, from which it is to be fuppofed they 
 will foon falute us. About fun-fet a deferter came 
 in from the enemy's works to the northward. The 
 working party of Europeans was one hundred men, 
 and about three hundred Sepoys, employed as yef- 
 terday. 
 
 Dec. 30.] The fire of our artillery and mortars was 
 laft night pretty brisk, and, 1 believe, prevented the 
 enemy from working much ^ for I could not per- 
 ceive any great addition to the northern battery. To 
 the weft ward I obferved they had thrown up a good 
 deal of earth behind fome old walls, which feems to 
 be intended as a battery to enfilade the north face of 
 the royal baflion, and the covered way before it ; 
 but the form is as yet very incompleat. In the 
 night a boat came from Sadrafs, and brought fome 
 letters of the 1 8th from the French army to Pondi- 
 chery, which Captain Prefton had intercepted. From 
 thefe we learn, that the enemy loft by our Tally on 
 the 14th two hundred and twenty men and thirty of- 
 ficers, killed or wounded. In ihort, they acknow- 
 ledge themfelves to have been thrown into the great- 
 eft confufion, and that they muft have been entirely 
 ruined had our party advanced more regularly on 
 them, and been fupported by another body to the 
 northward. A letter from one of M. Lally's Aid de 
 Camps to the council of Pondichery, complains 
 much for want of money, and defnes they would 
 fupply him with fome, if it be but one hup.dred 
 roupees, and that too chearfully ; for their affairs 
 were in a fair way, and the conquefl: ol Madrafs 
 0^2 certain. 
 
244 JOURNAL OF THE 1758- 
 
 certain. In the morning we perceived a great fmoke 
 a: the Mount, from whence we concluded Captain 
 Preilon at.d Ifouf Cawn, with their whole force, 
 were there. This was confirmed by an Hircar 
 coming in at noon, with advice that there had been 
 a skirrnilli, and fome French troopers taken. A 
 great number of black troops, horfe and foot, with 
 large herds of cattle, were oblerved to come from 
 the Mount and St. Thome to Egmore, and two 
 guns were lent fcom the Black-town thither. Ano- 
 ther dekrter came in this afternoon, and in the 
 evening a flag of truce with a letter from M. Lally, 
 complaining of our firing at his head quarters, and 
 threatening to burn the Black-town in return : but 
 of this he had no right to complain, becaufe he is 
 the firft General, perhaps, that fixed his head quar- 
 ters within point-blank fhot of the fort, and lodged 
 a regiment, and his ammunition at the fame place. 
 The working party, of one hundred men and three 
 hundred Sepoys, employed as before, except on the 
 blind before the old north-eaft baftion, which was 
 finilhed yeflerday. 
 
 Dec.3 1 .] Laft night, and towards the morning parti- 
 cularly, the fire from the cannon and mortars was 
 rather fmarter than before. At day-break a large 
 body of Sepoys, the firfh company of grenadiers, 
 and the troop of horfe, went over the bar to the 
 fouthward, and into Trivelcane village, where they 
 furprized a Imall guard or two of Sepoys, and inter- 
 cepted feveral letters -, from which we learn, that a 
 frigate . was arrived from the iflands to Pondichery, 
 and had brought about two hundred thoufand dol- 
 lars ; but no mention was made of any forces. The 
 going out of our Sepoys gave M Lally the alarm, 
 io that three or four piquets of Europeans, and 
 fome European horfe, with guns, were feen march- 
 ing from the Black-town to Egmore. A party of 
 forty Europeans and as many Sepoys, in eight boats, 
 
 were 
 
1759- 'lEGE OF FORT St. GEORGE. 215 
 
 were {ent off in the night to ftretch a chain out to 
 the eaftward, left the boats to the louthw ard, which 
 had brought the enemy ammunition, fliould flip by 
 and land it to the northward. Letters came in, a- 
 bout ten o'clock in the evening, from Captain Prel- 
 ton, acquamting us, that in the morning the enemy, 
 in number about one thoufand, black and white, 
 under Colonel Kenelly, had about day -break ad- 
 vanced four guns near the Mount, and cannonaded 
 him, which our people anfwered fo briskly that the 
 Fre'nch retreated ; afterwards they came on with 
 two guns, which our people made a pulTi at and 
 took, killing fifteen of the French on the fpot, and 
 wounding Colonel Kenelly, one Captain, and twen- 
 ty five men. 
 
 An artillery man and huffar came in lafl: night. 
 In the afternoon a large fhip appeared to the north- 
 eaft, and by fun-fet was near eaft of the fort, 
 with her hull jull appearing. The French fhip 
 hoifted firft Englifli colours, then French, and fired 
 two guns ', but the other fhip flood on to the fouth- 
 ward, and fhewed fome colours which had a white 
 field, perhaps Portuguefe. The enemy's works to 
 the northward appeared to have received no additi- 
 on this morning, but that to the weftward plainly 
 appeared to be defigned for two batteries ; one, in 
 which three or four embrafures were formed, ap- 
 parently to fire in the north-wefl lunette, and the 
 other, of five or fix embrafures, not yet traced, to 
 enfilade the face of the royal baflion, and covered 
 way before it. The working party confifled of one 
 hundred Europeans, about forty Cooleys, thirty 
 Lafcars, ten Peons, theMeflry bricklayers, and about 
 fixty Sepoys; who were all employed on the feveral 
 woiics before-mentioned. 
 
 January i. 1759] Lad night, about ten o'clock, 
 came in two deferters, and informed us that Mr. Lally 
 propofed to ufher in the nevv year by a bombard- 
 
 0^3 nientj 
 
246 JOURNAL or the '759. 
 
 ment \ however the night and morning pafTed vvith- 
 out any fire but what was on our fide. The enemy 
 having made large detachments to oppote Captain 
 Prefton and Itbuf Cawn, was the reafon, I fuppofe, 
 of their working very little laft night ; for I could 
 not perceive in the morning any material alteration 
 in their works to the north or weft. Letters laft 
 night from Sadrafs inform us, that a Moors veflel, 
 from the Nicabars to Porto Novo, brought advice 
 of twelve t'.nglifti fhips being at thofe iilands, and 
 ready to fail for this place. The fhip which appear- 
 ed in the offing was from Macao, had touched at 
 Madlilipatam, where a fhip of ours (the Hardwick) 
 had prevented her from felling any thing ; fo that 
 fhe intends to break bulk at Negapatam, and come 
 up the coaft. Ifouf Cawn, we hear, ha lef: the 
 Mount, and is gone to Trevambore, about a league 
 ibuth of St. Thome ; and the French, apprehen- 
 five of that poft, have fent all their black troops 
 from Fgmore, and a ftrong body of Europeans to 
 fupport them. The working parry was one hun- 
 dred Europeans, one hundred Sepoys, and the fame 
 Cooleys and Lafcars as mentioned yefterday : they 
 were employed as before, except in making traverfes 
 before the magazine doors of the Nabob's baftion, 
 
 Jan. 2. J Our fire of artillery and mortars was laft 
 night very brisk; but asfoon as the light appt-ared, the 
 enemy began to fire from four or five pieces of can- 
 non on their wellern battery, and one" mortar; they 
 alfo threw twelve inch fhells from four or five large 
 mortars plat ed near the weft end of their battery to 
 the northward. This early falute furprized us, but 
 as we had ten or twelve heavy cannon which bore 
 on the enemy's battery to the weftward, two of 
 their guns were foon knocked to pieces, and their 
 me! Ions fo much damaged that they withdrew their 
 guns before eight o'clock. From their mortars they 
 
 threw 
 
i/59^ SIEGE OF FORT St. GEORGE. 247 
 
 threw (hells till pad feven at nighr, commonly four 
 in a flight, which were in general aimed at the 
 fort-houle, and fo well thrown, that two tell on 
 the top and pierced the firft and fecond roof ; ma- 
 ny others fell within the fquare, and ruined Ibme of 
 the rooms ; other houfes were alfo much damiged : 
 but, what is mod remarkable, not one European or 
 Sepoy was wounded by fhot or (hell, nor any other 
 peribn hurt but a Dubafh and a child or two. By 
 letters from Captain Prefton, and alfo by five de- 
 ferters which came into us in the evening, we 
 learnt, that early in the morning, M. Soupire, Ma- 
 jor-general, who commanded at St Thome, had 
 maiched a ftrong body and attacked him and Ifuuf 
 Cawn, who lay near Trevambore, in three divifi- 
 ons ; that the enemy had put our firil divifion in 
 (bme diforder, taken their two guns, and fome pri- 
 fbners ; but that the broken troops, having joined 
 the fecond divifion, fell on the enemy in their turn, 
 and put them to flight, killing about fifty Europe- 
 ans on the fpot, with two officers, and, if we may 
 believe the deferters, the troop of M. Aumont was 
 very roughly handled, a troop of hulTars cut to 
 pieces, and three companies of grenadiers greatly 
 difordered ; our guns and prifbners were retaken. 
 It was to favour this attack of M. Soupire that the 
 enemy began their fire earlier by fome days than 
 they would otherwife have done, to withdraw our 
 attention from what palled to the fouthward. We 
 had advice to-day that M. La Tour, under pre- 
 tence of a vifit in marching from Pondichery this 
 way, had feized on * Sadrafs, and put a garrifon 
 therein ; and that M, Lally had given orders tor 
 the fame fineffe to be pradifed on *" Pouliacat. His 
 defign on thefe places was the reafon, we fuppole, 
 that, in a paflport granted fome of our ladies, he 
 
 * Both belonging to the Dutch. 
 
 Q 4 excepted 
 
248 JOURNAL OF THE 1759. 
 
 excepted their going no Pouliacat or Sadrafs ; how- 
 ever, three boats, with feveral ladies in them, 
 were fent off to Sa irafs without paflpoi ts before 
 this news arrived j Co that we fear they will all be 
 feized. 
 
 Jan. 3.] Lad night we threw many fhells, and 
 fired many fhot at the enemy's works, but they 
 ceafed firing after eight o'clock. In the morning 
 we obferved they had clofed up the embrafures of 
 their weftern battery, which was much difordered by 
 our cannon •, they had alio added fomething in 
 height and thickne(s to their northern battery, but 
 did not fire from either cannon or mortars. We 
 obferved this day about fixty or feventy European 
 horfe returning in a ftraggling manner from the 
 fouthward towards the Black town, and among 
 them thirty or forty led horfes, which we imagine 
 loft their riders in the adtion yefterday againil Cap- 
 tain Prefton and Ifouf Cawn. The working party 
 was one hundred men and about two hundred Se- 
 poys, who were employed in finifhing the work a- 
 crofs the gut to the northward, in making traverfes 
 before the doors of the Nabob's baftion, and a-crofs 
 the Itreets leading to the fouth curtain, where the 
 guards are in future to parade. 
 
 4.] Our artillery and mortars made a brifk fire 
 laft night on the enemy's batteries, but neither fhell 
 nor ihot was returned from them i however, in the 
 morning I obl'erved they had opened the epaulment 
 of their northern battery, and let in fafcines for the 
 facing of the embrafures; they alfo had repaired 
 part of the weftern battery, where we difcovered 
 two guns in the morning; but on our firing a few 
 fliot they were withdrawn, and the embrafures 
 choaked with fafcines. Yefterday I drew out the 
 following inftrudions for my alfiftants, dividing 
 them inio two reliefs ; and this morning MefT Leigh 
 and Cotsford went on duty, to be relieved by Lieu- 
 tenants 
 
1759- SIEGE OF FORT St. GEORGE. 249 
 
 tenants Eifer and Stevenfon to-morrow. The work- 
 ing party was one hundred men and two hundred 
 and fifty Sepoys, employed as yefterday. 
 
 " Thac (he bufmefs dependant on the engineers 
 may be conducted with greater regularity and care 
 it is ordered, 
 
 *' That Captain-Lieutenant Lee, Engineer in or- 
 dinary, and Enhgn Cotsford, practitioner, do at- 
 tend on the front attacked, together ; and Lieute- 
 nant Eifer, of his Majefty's fixty-fourth regiment, 
 engineer extraordinary, and Lieutenant Stevenfon, 
 Sub-engineer, do alfo attend the front attacked, to- 
 gether i and that thefe four gentlemen do relieve 
 each other, two and two, every twenty-four hours, 
 at the fame time as the guard is relieved. 
 
 *' That the fenior Engineer on duty, every 
 twenty-four hours, do make a report to me if any 
 very extraordinary occurrence ha} pens ; that he ac- 
 quaint the fenior Engineer who relieves him, with 
 fuch obfervations as he has made while on duty, and 
 with the nature of the work carrying on •, and alfo 
 reports to me, by writing, in general terms, what 
 has been executed during his tour of duty. 
 
 " That the fenior Engineer going on duty every 
 evening or morning, do attend the parade, and re- 
 ceive the working party, which he is to diftribute 
 according to the orders he has received •, or, if he 
 has none in particular, in fuch a manner as he thinks 
 the fervicc may require. 
 
 *' That the fenior Engineer on duty, on appli- 
 cation being made to him by any military or artille- 
 ry officer, tor the repairing or fecurity of any work, 
 do give them all the afliflance he can •, and he is to 
 take care that the parapets, embrafures, platforms, 
 and the works in general, are kept in the beft con- 
 dition poflible. The mafter bricklayer, and mafter 
 carpenter, have orders to follow the diredions of 
 
 the 
 
fi^o JOURNAL OF THE 1759. 
 
 the Engineers on duty, and give all the airiftancc 
 they can in their branches.'* 
 
 Jan. 5.] Our artillery and mortars fired pretty 
 brifkly laft night on the enemy's batteries, but they 
 neither fired (hot nor fhell, in the night or to-day ; 
 they were not idle, however, having finifhed the 
 facing and almoft opened feven embrafures in their 
 northern battery, where I perceived three guns in 
 the evening, and in the morning three in the welt 
 battery, which were foon mafked or removed. To- 
 day I again propofed to the Governor and Colonel 
 Lawrence ereding a battery behind the covered 
 way in the ialiant place of arms before the demi 
 baflion, and had permifiion about fix in the evening, 
 and a working party of one hundred frefh men ; 
 which I immediately let to work under Lieutenants 
 Eifer and Stevenlon. This battery, of at leaft five 
 guns, I thought abfolutely neceflary to render our 
 fire equal to the enemy's i for their battery of feven 
 or eight guns, fronting diredly the face of the old 
 north eaft baftion, will fire on the north face of the 
 demi obliquely. To oppofe this fire we have only 
 three guns on the old north-eall bailion, which bear 
 dired ; two in the north ravelin, fire in an oblique 
 line ; and three or four from the royal baflion, 
 which alfo fire obliquely, and therefore have no 
 great chance of ruining the enemy's guns. Now 
 the new battery I propofe will be a dired grazing 
 fire, and can neither be enfiladed nor beaten down, 
 becaufe the glacis is the parapet, and the embrafures 
 will be cut through it. The working party was one 
 hundred men, befides two hundred Sepoys, em- 
 ployed as before. 
 
 6. J Our fire from the cannon and mortars was 
 not laft night very brifk. The enemy, in the 
 morning, as foon as they could well fee, threw five 
 riielis into the town, ^s a fignal for their other bat- 
 teries 
 
1759- SIEGE OF FORT St. GEORGE. 251 
 
 teries to begin ; and about feven began to fire from 
 fix guns and as many mortars from their north bat- 
 tery, and from their weft battery, with three guns 
 pointed on Pigot's baftion v and four with an howitz 
 firing on the flank of the demy baftion, and enfi- 
 lading the covered way before the north tace of 
 the royal baftion ; from thefe batteries they continu- 
 ed to fire till about five in the evening, and threw 
 near one hundred and fifty ftiells, befides ftiot, 
 chiefly into and over the town. The damage 
 done the works is very trifling ; but the 
 houfes in the town, where fhells or ftiot fell, 
 have fuffered much. Our fire of artillery and 
 mortars was much fuperior to the enemies, and, 
 to appearance, greatly difordered their mer- 
 lons. We al(b learn by a deferter from the ene- 
 my's artillery, that our ftiells dil'mounted one of 
 their mortars, and killed three men in the north 
 battery. The working party was one hundred men, 
 and chiefly employed in forwarding the battery in 
 the north-eaft angle : as to Sepoys or blacks, we 
 had littk or no work from them. 
 
 Jan. 7.] Laft night the enemy threw but few 
 fhells, and we only a ftiot or ftiell now and then. 
 About four in the morning we were furprized with 
 the arrival of three- boat.*', with a Frenchman in 
 each : they were the boats which had been fent the 
 third inftant with the ladies to Sadrafs. The French 
 having feized that place, alfo feized the boats, and 
 loading them with one hundred and fifty ftiot of 
 twenty -four pounds, one thoufand empty cartrid- 
 ges, fifty fteel caps, fifty barrels of powder, and 
 fifteen hundred fand-bags, fent them back with 
 a foldier in each, to the Black-town. The boat- 
 fellows, towards the morning, being oppofite 
 Madrafs, feiz'd the arms of the fleeping foldiers, 
 poured water on the locks, then tied the men, and 
 
 landed the boats at our fea gate. 
 
 The 
 
252 JOURNAL OF THE 1759. 
 
 The enemy's fire was very brilk, till five in the 
 eveing, from their cannon and mortars, and then , 
 they were filent ; in order, I fuppofe, to repair their 
 works. Our woiks, though not much damaged, 
 bear, however, a rough afpect, and the demi bafti- 
 on, as well as Pigot's, is fluck pretty full of fh ot. 
 The fhells the enemy threw have greatly damaged 
 thehoufesin the town, but have not hurt many peo- 
 ple ; three Europeans only being killed this day. 
 Our working party could do nothing in the day ; a 
 few indeed attempted to work in the north-eafl: fi- 
 liant angle of the covered way ; but the enemy ha- 
 ving dilcovered them, fired fobrifKiy, that Lieute- 
 nant Stevenlon, who direded them, was knocked 
 down by the wind of a fhor, but only flightly hurt 
 on the cheek ; Co the party returned. The enemy 
 opened a new battery near the burying ground. 
 
 Jan. 8.] As I found the foldiers, iinufed to fuch 
 duty, were in general extremely aukward in repair- 
 ing the damaged works, I conceived that the fervice 
 would be miuch better carried on by appointing a 
 Pioneer company, compofed of volunteers drawn 
 from the feyeral corps, and to do no other duty but 
 repair the works ; fo that by conftandy employing 
 the fame people, they might more readily execute 
 the fervice they were fet about, I accordingly made 
 application, and fucceeded. The company to con - 
 fiftoftwo officers, Lieutenant Meyers, and Enfign 
 Weft, fix lerjeants, fix corporals, and eighty-eight 
 private. Two companies of Sepoys were alfo form- 
 ed, with proper officers, on the fame plan. The 
 working party was this evening one hundred foldiers 
 and as many Sepoys -, employed in repairing the 
 embrafures, platforms, and forwarding the battery 
 in the covered way before the demi baftion. 
 
 9 J This morning the enerny opened two em- 
 brafures more from their battery near the burying- 
 ground, and feme earth appeared to be caft up neir 
 
1759- SIEGE OF F O R T St. G EORG E. 253. 
 
 a little upper room houfe beyond the Pettah bridge. 
 Jn the night they threw a good many fhot and (hells 
 aft;er eleven o'clock. During the day their fire was 
 very brifk from their cannon, tho' but few fhells 
 were thrown by them. Ten grenadiers were ported 
 in the north-ead angle of the covered way, to fire 
 into the enemy's embrafures ; and two twelve-poun- 
 ders were fired from the new battery. The work- 
 ing party, of one hundred men and one hundred Se- 
 poys, with fix artificers, were employed in repair- 
 ing the embrafures, platforms, and other damages 
 done the leveral works ; alfo in cutting up a da- 
 maged flone platform on the old north-eaft baftion, 
 and laying one of wood : a blind of twelve feet thick 
 and feven feet and a half high, was begun thirty-five 
 feet behind the flank of the demi-ballion, to cover 
 the people on that work from the enemy's fhot which 
 might come in at the embrafures of the flank, or en- 
 ricochet over it ; the merlon next the fhoulder was 
 rofe for the fame purpofe. In the evening two fail 
 appeared to the fouthward, and anchored near St. 
 ThomC; with white colours, being both of them 
 lliips. 
 
 Jan. I O.J Lafl: night the enemy threw very few 
 fhells, and fired not many fhot : on our fide we were 
 almoft as filent. The two fhips which appeared to 
 the fouthward ffill remain at an anchor near St. 
 Thome, and, as far as we can difcover, are French 
 fhips from Pondichery. Our working party was lafk 
 night one hundred pioneers, andfixty grenadiers, be- 
 lides one hundred and fixty Sepoys. They were 
 employed in compleating the covered way battery to 
 four pieces of cannon, which were mounted before 
 morning; in filling bags ot earth at the toot of the 
 demi-baftion, and clearing what the enemy had beat 
 down; in repairing the parapets of the demi, north- 
 eafl, 'ro)al, and Pigot's baftions, and laying two 
 
 vrooden 
 
254 JOURNAL OF the 1759, 
 
 W(xxlen platforms on the firft baflion, in the room 
 of two (lone ones, damaged. In the night the ene- 
 my carried on part ot a zig-zag about one hundred 
 feci lo;^g, neaily weftward from their northern bat- 
 tery, and taking a turn, earned another two hundred 
 feet long, back towards the fea fide. They alfo 
 drew part of a trench from the little houfe in the 
 Pettah towards the bridge ; and repaired their fhat- 
 tered merlons with fand bags. 
 
 Jan. 1 1.] Lad night the enemy were almoft wholly 
 filent with their artillery and mortars, but were not 
 idle with their fhovels j for in the morning we dif- 
 covered that they had deepened their zig zags begun 
 the preceding night to the northward, and lengthen- 
 ed that which ftretched towards the fea almoft to the 
 beach : they had alio drawn their trench from the 
 houfe, quite to the Pettah bridge, and opened a bat- 
 tery of two guns from the kitchen ot the new hof- 
 pital, which fired on the north-weft curtain and the 
 blind before the mint fa!ly port ; but I fup>pofe were 
 intended to plunge into the royal baftion, and bat- 
 ter the eaft flank in reverfe. Our working party 
 was ninety men of the pioneer company, and fixty 
 voluntiers, grenadiers, befides one hundred and fix- 
 ty Sepoys employed in repairing the damaged mer- 
 lons, and platforms of the north-front ; difmount- 
 ing fome dilabled guns, and making tjlinds before 
 the doors and windows of the arched hofpital under 
 the old weft curtain : alfo in filling fand bags at the 
 foot of thedemi baftion, and clearing the eartii beat 
 down. This atternoon I examined the works, as to 
 their ftate, and obferved that the parapets of the 
 north face of the demi-baftion are a good deal fliat- 
 tered -, that the brick parapet of the north face of 
 the old north-eaft baftion is wholly ruined ; but the 
 wall being well covered by the blind of gabions made 
 before it, is not much hurt. The weft face of tiie 
 royal baftion is but little hurt below the cordon, and 
 the right-hand face of Pigot's baftion being built to 
 
1759- siegeofFORT St. GEORGE. 255. 
 
 a great (lope, the enemy's fire has had no other ef- 
 fe(5t than beating the earth to its natural dope, which 
 is from the extremity of the berm to the top of the 
 parapet. The old curtain wall to the northward is a 
 good deal (hattered about the parapets, and mod of 
 the pallifadoes of the caponniere broke, by the plun- 
 ging fhot from the enemy's weft battery. 
 
 Jan. 12.] The enemy having yefterday brought a 
 field piece or two near the bar, and fired a few (hot 
 on the people and bullocks which had taken fhelter 
 to the Southward of the fort ; and there appearing 
 to be a breaft-work and guard of the enemy near the 
 fea fide, it was determined to attack that poft early 
 this morning > accordingly, as ioon as the moon was 
 gone down, the grenadiers of the third battalion un- 
 der Captain Campbell, and near one hundred men 
 more, with three hundred Sepoys, all under Major 
 Brereton, marched by the fea fide to the bar, and 
 there received the fire of the enemy's advanced 
 poft -, by which we had one of the grenadiers killed, 
 and two wounded. Our people, without firing, 
 marched on to the Governor's garden-houfe, and in a 
 finall lane or ftreet on the fouth fide of it found the 
 enemy drawn up with two fmall field-pieces, and 
 about fifty men. The enemy fired two difcharges 
 of grape on our party within fifty paces ; but the 
 gunners being killed they made no other ufe of their 
 guns : on the contrary, the piquet broke, and ran 
 each his own way. The guns were taken and 
 brought in, one officer and fix men were alfo taken 
 prifoners, and about ten or fifteen killed or left 
 wounded on the fpot. On our fide we had one kil- 
 led, one officer (Lieutenant Robifon, of the grena- 
 diers) mortally wounded, and nine men. This lit- 
 tle affair has doubtlels given our people great fpirits, 
 and damped thofe of the enemy. A party, with an 
 officer, was alfo fent out in the night at St. George's 
 gate, which advanced on ihe bridge leading to the 
 
 Pettah 
 
gs5 J O U R N A L OF THE 1759. 
 
 Pettah, and fired into the enemy's trench, but could 
 not perceive any people at work. About feven in 
 the evening a party of the enemy advanced towards 
 our north-eafl laliant angle of the covered way, and 
 gave a fire thereon. In the night alfo a party of our 
 men, with an officer, was fent out to difturb the 
 workmen of the enemy's zig-zags to the northward, 
 who advanced to their work, fired on and killed their 
 centine), and took a ftand or two of arms, without 
 any lofs. The fire of the enemy's cannon was pret- 
 ty brifk yefterday, but they threw very few fhells, 
 and thofe not large. I could not perceive that they 
 had done much to their approaches lafl night ; but 
 the merlons of their batteries feemed to be tolerably 
 well repaired with fand bags. The working party 
 was the pioneer company, and about one hundred 
 and feventy Sepoys, who were employed in making 
 a traverfe on the north face of the demi baftion ; car- 
 rying off the earth at the foot of it •, fetching palli- 
 fadoes to fet up in the dry ditch before the north 
 face, and repairing the damaged platforms and para- 
 pets. On the royal baflion old north-eafl, and co- 
 vered way battery, the parapet, the platforms and 
 embrafures were repaired. 
 
 Jan. 13.] Lafl night about feven o'clock, the ene- 
 my advanced pretty near the covered way on the 
 north eafl, and gave a fire of mufquetry on our peo- 
 ple there at woik. They alfo fired in the night, 
 from their approaches, on a fmall party of ours, 
 pofled on the faliant angle under cover of a boat, 
 and wounded three men. From the covered way 
 and north lunette, we could plainly perceive the 
 enemy at work near the fea-fide, which we endea- 
 voured to prevent by frequent difcharges of grape, 
 mufquetry, and fhells. Our working party was fe- 
 venty-eight men of the pioneer company, and one 
 hundred eighty Sepoys, who were chiefly employed 
 in removing die earth at the foot of the demi bafli- 
 
 Oil, 
 
f759- siEGE OF FORT St* GEORGE. 257 
 
 on, and the rubbifli before the old north -eaft balli- 
 on, which works I was determined to repair, and 
 fecure as much as poflible, fince the enemy Teemed 
 to bend mod of their fire againfl them, and diredl 
 their attack that way. I therefore raifed, and thick- 
 ened the blind before the north-eaft baflion, whofe 
 parapet was much fhatteredj and begun a pallifado 
 at the foot of the demi baftion fix feet within the 
 lunette, which I propofe to carry quite round the 
 flank and north face, I alfo propole another, be- 
 tween the blind and north face of the old north eaft 
 baftion. The enemy, in the night, had covered the 
 head of their zig-zag near the fea, by a fmall return 
 or crotchet beginning near the beach, and ftretching 
 Weftward parallel to the north front. To the weft- 
 ward, the enemy fired with four guns from the 
 new hofpital, but did nothing to their trench near 
 the Pettah bridge. Their Sepoys, to the fouthward 
 of the bar, were at work all day in raifing a breaft- 
 work for their defence, in cafe we ftiould make ano- 
 ther attempt on that fide. 
 
 Jan. 14.] Laft night, as we imagined the enemy 
 would be at work again at the crochet belore their 
 zig-zag, we began a pretty fmart fire of mufquetry 
 from our covered way, and frequently gave them 
 difcharges of grape from the north lunette and cover- 
 ed way battery. From the royal and demi baftions 
 we threw fmall and large ftiells into their approaches 
 and batteries, fo that they were prevented from doing 
 much work. By the morning, however, they had 
 run on their return about twenty yards, and complea- 
 ted what they nad roughly traced the night before* 
 Our working party, belides feventy-five men of the 
 pioneer company, was aflifted by one hundred and 
 twenty men, out of the two battalions, and one hun- 
 dred (eventy Sepoys. The earth, near the ftjoulder 
 of the demi baftion, having formc-d an afcent almoft 
 pradticable, about an hundred Europeans, and as 
 
 R many 
 
258 JOURN A L OF THE 1759!. 
 
 many Sepoys, were fet to carry it off in bafkets of 
 fand bags, to repair the parapet of the baftion a- 
 bove. 1 he paHifado, begun at the foot of the baf- 
 tion, was continued near an hundred feet more. 
 The parapet of the north-eafi: baftion being quite 
 deftroyed, and that work being of the greateft con- 
 fequence to be kept in good repair, about one hun- 
 dred fixty Europeans, and the reft of the Sepoys 
 under Lieut. Stevenfon, were fet to clear away the 
 mined parapets, and erecl others with fand bags, 
 gabions, and fafcines, two merlons of which were 
 finillied before the morning. An old fally port in 
 the ealt curtain, near tbe fouth flank of the old north- 
 caft baftion, was opened' for the more ready com- 
 munication with the north-eaft part of the covered 
 way, and a door placed in it. 
 
 Jan. 15.] Laft night a brilk fire of mufquetry^ 
 cannon and mortars was kept up froftiour covered 
 way and the works of the north front, on the ene- 
 my's approaches, and prevented them from doing 
 more than lengthening their crochet a little, and 
 opening it in the middle, from whence they placed 
 fifteen or twenty gabions in an oblique direction to- 
 wards the Tea fide. Our working party confifted of 
 the pioneer company, the firft company of grena- 
 diers, and ninety men of the two biattalions, be- 
 fides two companies of Sepoys. They were em- 
 ployed in finiftiing the parapet of the old north-eaft 
 baftion, which was put in very good condition, 
 and tliree guns mounted thereon i in clearing the 
 earth from the face of the deray-baftion, repairing 
 the parapet, and fixing pallifadoes at the foot of it. 
 On the royal baftion a bHnd was begun to cover the 
 tliree guns in the eaft flank next the curtain from 
 the fire of the enemy's battery near the new hofpi- 
 tal, which takes it in reverfe. The embrafures of 
 St. George's, and the north- weft lunette, being much 
 ©ut of repair, a party of twenty men, and a ferjeant, 
 
 was 
 
175^. SIEGE ot" FORT St. GEORGE. 259 
 
 was fet to repair them. The fire of the enemy's 
 cannon was this day very brifk, and theri- north bat- 
 tery was augmented to ten pieces of cannon, with 
 which they fired in falvos on the old north- eall baf- 
 tion, and foon difmounted two of the three guns. 
 
 Jan 16.] Lift night a piquet of the enemy's ad- 
 vanced to the boacs, and drove an advanced party 
 oi ours from thence. The fire of the mufquetry 
 from the covert way, and the cannon and mortars 
 from the baftions and north lunette, was well kept 
 Up on the enemy's approaches. They, in return, 
 threw a few fhells, and fired a fev/ fhot into the 
 town and works, by which one of the working par- 
 ty was wounded. Our working party, of fixty four 
 pioneers, fixty grenadiers of the fecond battalion, 
 and one hundred and thirty Sepoys, were employed 
 in repairing the parapet of the old north-eaft bafti- 
 on, which wa;s again compleated for three guns. In 
 repairing, and covering by fome gabions, the palli- 
 fadb before the fafcine battery near the fea ; ia 
 clearing the earth from the foot of the demi-baftion, 
 and therewith thickening the blind before the old 
 north-eaft baftion ; repairing the parapets and em- 
 brafures above, and carrying on the paliifado below. 
 This day the enemy threw a great many ftiells into 
 the town, particularly the north end, and killed or 
 wounded us mOre men than in any preceding day ; 
 amongthereft, twoof the pioneer company were kill- 
 ed at thfeir barrack door. The enemy laft night 
 had augmented their north battery to twelve embra- 
 fiires, and fired from thence very brifkly on the 
 old north eaft and demi-baftion. They alfo filled 
 the gabions they had left empty the night before, 
 and advanced their work in the fame diredion about 
 twenty yards. About ten in the morning a fnow ap- 
 peared to the north-eaft, and anchored, on which 
 the French frigate chafed, and all their ftiips threw 
 out Englifh colours. 
 
 R 2 Laft 
 
a6o J O U R N A L OF THE '759- 
 
 Jan. 17.] Laft night an inceflant fire was kept up 
 with mufquetry from the covered way, and abou^ 
 twelve o'clock, an officer with twelve men were fent 
 out to fall on the enemy's workmen, which he fired 
 on Teveral times, but a large body advancing, he was 
 killed himfelf, and three of his men wounded. Not- 
 withftanding the interruption we gave them, the ene- 
 my carried on the remaining part of their zig-zag, 
 and covered it by a crotchet or boyau. Our work- 
 ing party was feventy fix of the pioneer company, 
 the firll' company of grenadiers, and twenty four 
 ferjeants and corporals off duty, befides one hun- 
 dred thirty Sepoys. They were employed in re- 
 pairing the parapet of the old north-eaft baftion, 
 which was put in order, and a platform lengthened 
 for three guns, the fame number as at firft. The 
 blind below was thickened, and the rampart of it 
 enlarged. The covered way battery being deemed 
 no longer ufeful, the guns were drawn off in the 
 afternoon, and the platforms taken up. In the 
 night we ciofed the embrafures, and lowered the 
 merlons into a regular flope. Many of the pallifa- 
 does which were fixed in the dry ditch, having been 
 deftroycd by the enemy's (hot and lliells, were re- 
 placed, and others fixed round the flanks of the de- 
 mi-baftion •, the embrafures ot the demi-baflion next 
 the faliant angle were filled up, the merlons of the 
 the three embrafures next the flioulder were repair- 
 ed, and tlie parapet flrengthened. The earth at 
 the foot of the face was entirely carried away* 
 
 Jan. 18] Laft night the enemy brought two guns 
 down to the bar, and fired a few fhot at fome Se- 
 poys of ours pofled on the oppofite fide. Yefterday 
 and this night the enemy threw a great many fhells 
 into the town, and fbme into the works, which did 
 us more damage than any they threw before. The 
 enemy, yefterday in the afternoon, worked at thick- 
 ening the fand-bank to the right of their batte- 
 ry 
 
I7S9- SIEGE OF FORT St. GEORGE. 261 
 
 , ry clofe to the fea, and this morning they opened 
 three embrafures through it, which in the afternoon 
 fired on the north-eaft face of the north lunette ; fo 
 that their north battery now confifls of fifteen em- 
 brafures. The enemy extended their parallel or 
 crotchet at the foot of the glacis weft ward about 
 fifteen yards, but in a rough unfinifhed manner, as 
 Jndeed their whole work appears to be. Our work- 
 ing party laft night confifted of feventy-fix pioneers, 
 the fecond company of grenadiers, and one hundred 
 and thirty Sepoys, who were employed in clearing 
 the earth at the foot of the demi baftion, finifhing 
 the pallifadoes in the dry ditch, levelling the earth 
 in the north-eaft angle of the covered way, raifing 
 and thickening the blind before the old north-eaft 
 baftion, and giving the parapets of that baftion an 
 entire repair. To day the enemy did not fire from 
 their battery near the old hofpital, and the embra- 
 fures appeared clofed up. 
 
 Jan. 19.] Notwithftanding the fire which we kept 
 up laft night from our mufquetry, cannon and mor- 
 tars, the enemy advanced by a third zig-zag acrofs 
 the faliant angle of the glacis. In the forenoon, the 
 enemy fired pretty fmartly from their mufquetry be- 
 hind their firft crotchet. They alfo brought two 
 heavy guns to the fouth of the Bar, and threw ibme 
 fhot into the town. Our working party laft night was 
 one officer, threeferjeants, and fifty fix pioneers, the 
 firft company of grenadiers, and thirty-two ferjeants 
 and corporals, who were employed in levelling the 
 earth raifed for the guns in the north-eaft angle of 
 the covered way, clearing the earth from the toot of 
 the demi baftion, carrying a pallifadoe acrofs the 
 dry ditch before the eaft wing, thickening and rai- 
 fing the blind, and repairing the embrafures of the 
 north-eaft baftion. The enemy's ftiells thjs day 
 fet fire to the forting warehoufe, to a warehoufe in 
 Gloucefter-lane, and to fome falt-petre in Middle- 
 
 R 3 gate 
 
a62 JOURNAL of the '759. 
 
 gate ftreet, fo that the town was on fire in three 
 places at once. 
 
 Jan. 20.] Laft night the enemy threw very few 
 fhells or fhot into the works or town ; nor did they 
 advance their works more than by producing the 
 third zig-zag from the ridge of the glacis obliquely 
 to the fea-fide, where they crowned it by a fmall re- 
 turn of four or five gabions. In the afternoon, I 
 obferved a few Europeans working at a barbet para- 
 pet near the fifhers huts to the fouthward of the 
 bar, where the enemy had brought two large can- 
 non, or one cannon and one mortar ; for fuch they 
 appeared to me. Qur working party was the pio- 
 neer company and one hundred and twenty Sepoys, 
 employed in the fame manner as yefterday, except 
 driving rows of picquets ia front of the fafcine bat- 
 tery, and making a bread-work before the pallifa- 
 doe which feparates the demi baftion from the fe- 
 cond curtain. 
 
 21.] Laft night the enemy threw few or no fhells, 
 and fired lefs than in any night of the fiege ; nor did 
 they make any apparent approach in their works. 
 They thickened their fecond zig zag and crotchet, 
 and laid fome fand bags for their mufquetry. Our 
 working party confifted of the pioneer company, 
 and one hundred and twenty Sepoys, who were 
 employed in repairing the parapets and embrafures 
 of the old north-eaft baftion ; in finiftiing the blind 
 for mufquetry ; in clearing the face ot the demi 
 baftions, and driving pickets in the front of, and 
 laying fafcines on the fafcine battery ; repairing the 
 parapet and embrafures of the left face of the north 
 baftion, and in clearing the fea gate of rubbift), 
 and making a traverfe before the gate of the re- 
 daibt. The enemy's batteries were this day very 
 filent ; but they fired pretty brifkly from their 
 trenches on fuch of our people as appeared at the 
 embralures or over the parapets. The enemy's 
 
 method 
 
I7S9- siEGE OF FORT St. GEORGE. 2.63 
 
 method of proceeding, by fimple fap, in Co con- 
 fined and unfupported a manner as their approaches 
 are formed, giving great room to believe a Tally 
 might ealily drive them from their w^orks, and over- 
 fet fbme of the gabions, it was determined to fend 
 out thirty foldiers and forty pioneers, to try what 
 could be done. A little paft five in the evening ten 
 men and a ferjeant went out by the Tea fide, and an 
 officer and tv/eniy men went out by the barrier in 
 the porth-eaft angle of the covered way ; an cngi 
 neer, with the Captain of pioneers and forty men, 
 followed. The foldiers were to polTefs the enemy's 
 fecond crotchet, and cover the pioneers while they 
 deftroyed the lodgment forming on the ridge of the 
 glacis. Every thing fucceeded as we could wifh ; 
 the enemy ran out of their fap in an inftant, and 
 our pioneers, for about eight minutes, worked hard 
 at deflroying gabions, and fuch things as the found. 
 The enemy then began to colled in their firft crot- 
 chet, and a fignal was made for the return of our 
 party. We loft two Serjeants killed, and three or 
 four pioneers wounded : what the enemy (who had 
 moftly Sepoys in their works) loft, we can't guefs •, 
 but as our cannon, mortars, and fmall arms played 
 brifkly upon them, before and after the fally, 
 they no doubt fuffered. It was apprehended they 
 V^ere carrying a gallery under the glacis, in order 
 to open the covered way by a mine ; but nothing of 
 that kind was difcovered. 
 
 Jan- 22.] Laft night the enemy did not advance 
 their approaches, but worked at thickening their le- 
 cond crotchet, third zig-zag, and raifing the head 
 of their fap on the ridge of the glacis. They fired 
 few fhells, and thofe chiefly into the works. During 
 the day the enerny fired very few cannon, particu- 
 larly from their northern battery, where moft of 
 the embrafures feem to be blinded. Our pioneer 
 company having been out on a fally we could only 
 
 R 4 get 
 
264 JOURNAL OF THE 1759, 
 
 get a Serjeant and twelve men to work in the night, 
 who were employed in repairing the parapets of the 
 old northeaft baftion, and one hundred Sepoys,- 
 who worked at the traverfe before the pallifadoe 
 which ferves as a barrier between the royal baftion 
 and low curtain ; they alfo carried pallifadoes down 
 to the fafcine battery. 
 
 Jan. 23.] Laft night a briflc fire of mufquetry was 
 kept up on the enemy's approaches •, however, they 
 advanced a few gabions on the glacis, almoft paral- 
 lel to the eaft face of the covered way ; and they 
 opened a battery of four embrafures in their third 
 zig-zag, with an intent to fire on the right face of 
 the north ravelin ; but it did not anfwer their ex- 
 pedations in bearing well on that work. Our work-r 
 ing party, of fixty-three pioneers and one hundred 
 Sepoys, were employed in repairing the north-eaft 
 baftion, in making a traverfe before the gate lead- 
 ing into the caponniere from the low curtain ; ano- 
 ther before each of the gates which clofe the com^ 
 munication to the royal and demi baftions ; alfo in 
 filling fand-bags in the north eaft angle of the co- 
 vered way, and carrying them to the leveral worlds. 
 Two embrafures were repaired, and one platform 
 on the demi baftion ; and one platform on the north 
 ravelin. 
 
 24,] Laft night the enemy attempted to pufh 
 their gabions clofe to our covered way, but fbme of 
 our men poftcd there overfet many, which rolled \i\- 
 to the fea, and pulled others in between the pallifa-s 
 doe. A fmart fire of mufquetry commenced on 
 this occafion, and continued two or three hours, i^ 
 which we loft ten or twelve men, killed or wounded. 
 From the north eaft baftion and fafcine battery the 
 field- pieces fired grape in Inch plenty, that feventy 
 dilcharges were made out of one gun ; the enemy's 
 lo(s, from fiich a fire, muft doubtlefs have been 
 great, and their work appeared this morning rough 
 
 and 
 
1759- SIEGE OF FORT St. GEORGE. 265 
 
 and incompleat. Our working party was fixty pio- 
 neers and one hundred Sepoys, who were employed 
 ill repairing the old north-eaft baftion ; the embra- 
 fures of the north ravelin, and making a blind be* 
 hind the flank of the royal baftion ; but the pioneers 
 being lent for to go and overfet the enemy's gabions, 
 little work was done. We loft of that party one 
 killed and two wounded. 
 
 Jan. 25.] Laft night the enemy pufhed on their 
 approaches in a line parallel to the eaft face of the 
 covered way, as far as the Palmeira pallifadoe, 
 which runs quite into the fea ; parallel to which 
 they made a return. In the night a fmall party of 
 our pioneers went and pulled feveral of the enemy's 
 gabions into the covered way, and a fmall party of 
 grenadiers alarmed them in their trenches. Our 
 working party confifted of fifty-three pioneers and 
 one hundred Sepoys, who were employed in repairing 
 the embrafures of the old north-eaft baftion, in re- 
 pairing the parapets and embrafures of the north 
 ravelin ; filling in the ftiell holes in the caponniere, 
 and making a banquet behind the traverfe leading 
 to it. About two o'clock in the afternoon it was 
 determined to make a fally, with twenty men of 
 the guard behind the blind, and twenty of the pio- 
 neer company, with an intent to deftroy the work 
 the enemy had done the preceding night : they ac- 
 cordingly went out and drove the enemy from their 
 approach behind the ftockadoe, and our pioneers 
 endeavoured to demolifti their work by overfetting 
 the gabions, and throwing the tools they found into 
 the fea, or our covered way. After maintaining 
 their ground near fifteen minutes, the enemy began 
 to grow very numerous in their crotchet on the ridge 
 of the glacis ; on which our people were ordered to 
 retire. We had Captain Black, who commanded 
 the twenty men, wounded through the leg, and 
 Lieutenant Fitzpatrick of the grenadiers (of whorq 
 
 twenty 
 
2.66 JOURNAL OF the 1759. 
 
 twenty went out) through both his arms, two or 
 three men and one Serjeant killed. The enemy 
 muft have fuffered confiderably from our fire, which 
 was kept up very brilkly from the works above an 
 hour. 
 
 Jan. 26.] Laft night the enemy pufhed on their 
 approaches in a line almoft: parallel to the north face 
 of the covered way before the demy baftion, and 
 iTiade a return at the end of it, to cover their flank ; 
 {o that by the work of this and the preceding night 
 they wholly embraced the faliant angle of our cover- 
 ed way, and confequently made it too hazardous 
 for us to keep troops therein. Our working party 
 lad night confifted of fifty-three pioneers and eigh- 
 ty-eight Sepoys, who were employed in repairing 
 the north-eaft baftion, the parapet and embrafures •, 
 in repairing the embrafures and parapets of the faf- 
 cine battery, and lengthening it towards the fea ; and 
 at the fea gate redoubt, in (hutting up the great 
 gate which was damaged and very difficult to pafs, 
 by the falling of the viranda ; and opening the fmall 
 gate on the fouth fide •, alfo in clearing the rubbirti 
 from the north flank of the battery, and filling the 
 gabions placed on the face. To-day the enemy 
 fifed moft of their fliot from their feveral batteries 
 into the town ; but threw their fliells chiefly to- 
 wards the works on the north front. 
 
 27.] The enemy, laft night, did nothing but wi- 
 den and raife the work of the preceding night ; 
 which we in fome degree impute to the detachments 
 they made to oppofe Captain Preftpn andlfouf Cawn, 
 vyho we heard were at Ponamalle. Our working 
 party confifted of forty-feven pioneers and ninety Se- 
 poys, who were employed in repairing the north-: 
 eaft baftion ; in repairing the embrafures of the 
 flank of the royal baftion -, and in repairing the pa- 
 rapets and embrafures of the north lunette j they 
 alfo worked, during the day, at the fea gate re- 
 ' ' doub^ 
 
^759- siF,GF OF FORT St. GEORGE. 267 
 
 doubt, when the north flank was entirely repaired, 
 And embrafures formed for four guns. In the after- 
 noon Captain Preflon's fignal, of a great fmoke, 
 was feen weft of Egmore, and an Hi rear came in, 
 with a report that the French had been entirely 
 routed by our troops. 
 
 Jan. 28.] The enemy did not laft night, to ap- 
 pearance, work much at their approaches, owing, 
 I fuppofe, to the extraordinary guards they were obr 
 liged to keep, on account of Ifouf Cawn, whofe 
 horfe were yefterday very near Egmore. This 
 morning, the French black horfe, foot, and their 
 European cavalry, were drawn up in a line, between 
 Egmore and Capt. Mafkelyne's gardens, and by 
 their motions to the right and left, we expeded that 
 Ifouf Cawn was near them, efpecially as feveral 
 fmokes were feen that way •, however, nothing ap- 
 peared. In the forenoon, we obferved that the ene- 
 my, with feveral yoke of oxen, intended to draw 
 off the guns they had to the louthward of the barj 
 but on our firing a few fhot, the bullock drivers and 
 bullocks difappeared. The enemy having now fur- 
 rounded out north:eaft faliant angle, and probably 
 intending to jnake a battery on the glacis, it was 
 determined to try laft night if we could pufti a mine 
 from the counterfcarp that way. An engineer and 
 eight men were accordingly fet to open an arch, 
 which had been turned in the counterfcarp for that 
 purpofe. The reft of the working party, being 
 thirty -two pioneers and eighty Sepoys, were em- 
 ployed in repairing the parapet, and embrafures of 
 the right face of the north lunette, and making a 
 ditch before the fouth flank of the fea gate battery, 
 in which a pallifadoe was fixed. 
 
 29.] Lafl night the enemy drew off one of their 
 guns to the fouthward, but we could not perceive 
 that they had worked any thing at their approaches 
 'till two o'clock iq the afternoon, when they were 
 
 difco- 
 
a68 JOURNAL or THE 1759. 
 
 difcovered throwing up earth through a fmall hol^ 
 juft within the banquet in the covered way oppofite 
 the ftockadoe, which was placed on the eaftern gla- 
 cis •, which makes me imagine they were working 
 by covered fap, with an intent to open the counter- 
 fcarp under cover of the faliant angle of the demi 
 baftion, where they could not be feen from the flank 
 of the royal, but having come too near the furface, 
 the earth fell in, and they were difcovered. Some 
 grenadiers were immediately fent out to fire into the 
 hole, and throw granades, which they did, and 
 thereby flopped the enemy's working. Our working 
 party was lalt night thirty-feven pioneers and fixty 
 Sepoys, who were employed in carrying on the gal- 
 lery, and in raifmg the right fide of the caponniere, 
 to cover our people parting and repafling to the north 
 ravelin. Twelve men and a ferjeant, with fome 
 boatmen, worked in the day at the fea gate, in rai- 
 fing the fouth flank of the battery, and filling up 
 the ufelefs embrafures. 
 
 Jan. 30.] The enemy were lafl night quite filent 
 in their trenches, but threw plenty of fhells into the 
 town, and at the north ravelin. By their filence, 
 and other appearances, we concluded they were 
 making a battery fome where on the face of the 
 covered way, or carrying on a gallery towards the 
 blind. Our working party confided of forty five 
 pioneers, and about fevcnty-five Sepoys, who were 
 employed in pufhing on the mine, compleating the 
 right ilde of the caponniere, and in repairing the 
 parapet and embrafures of the right face of the 
 north ravelin. A fail, which had been in fight to 
 the fouthward all day, came into the road towards 
 the evening, under Englifh colours, and proved to 
 be the Shaftfbury, from Bombay, having been left 
 by the other four India-men, and two twenty-gun 
 (hips, which came as a convoy, the feventh inft:ant 
 off Ceilon, and expedled to have found them here. 
 
 This 
 
1759- SIEGE OF FORT St. GEORGE, 2^9 
 
 This (hip, being the worft failor, had been an hof- 
 pital-fliip, and therefore brought us only the fick, 
 and thereby added to our diftrefs for room. 
 
 Jan. 31.] The French frigate, lad night, came 
 near and received a broadfide from the Shaftfbury, 
 and then failed to the (buthward, and to-day in the 
 afternoon returned into the road again. A little 
 before her return, feveral boats were feen going with 
 men to the Haarlem, a Dutch Indiaman feized by 
 the French, which fhip immediately weighed and 
 flood towards the Shaftfbury, who flipped her cable 
 and flood quite under our guns. The Haarlem fired 
 feveral (hot at our (hip, and followed her foclofe, that 
 we tryed to reach her with our guns from the fea 
 line, but fhe was at too great a range to fire with 
 any certainty. The enemy, from their battery of 
 two guns to the fouthvvard, and one from the north- 
 ward, flruck the Shaftfbury feveral times, but night 
 coming on, faved her from the damage fhe muft o- 
 therwife have received. Early in the morning, the 
 enemy opened four embrafures on the north face of 
 the covered way before the demi baftion, and be- 
 gan to fire with three guns, but the earth in the 
 cells of their embrafures was fo high, and the bat- 
 tery fo ill conflrufted, that, after firing twenty or 
 thirty (hot, none of which came within feveral feet 
 of the top of our parapets, the battery was filent, 
 not only from its inutility, but, I imagine, fome of 
 the guns were difmounted by the fire from our north- 
 eafl baftion. The working party lafl night was for- 
 ty-eight pioneers, twelve ot which were employed 
 in pufhing t)n the mine, the refl in clearing the 
 earth from the demi baflion, and repairing the faf- 
 cine battery. It being alfo imagined that the enemy 
 were pufhing on a gallery behind the counterfcarp 
 under the narrow covered way to the eaflward, with 
 an intent to deftroy our blind, or blow up the co- 
 vered way, it was determined to open another gal- 
 . lery 
 
iyoi JOURNAL OF THE iTS9' 
 
 lery from the covered pafTage under the blind, and 
 carry it on to meet the enemy, in cafe they fhould 
 advance that way. 
 
 Feb. i] The enemy lafl- night repaired the da- 
 maged merlons of their battery, and endeavoured 
 to lower the cells of th'^i^ embraflires, from whence 
 in the morning they fired three guns, bilt with little 
 effect, and were foon obliged to clofe their embra- 
 fures, as in the preceding day. The Haarlem, the 
 enemy's battery to the foutliward, and one gun to 
 the northward, fired on the Shaftfbury, at intervals, 
 all day, and have fent feveral fhot through her ; we, 
 in return, fired at the fhip, and the enemy's fouth- 
 ern guns; in the evening, a twenty four pounder 
 burft on St. Thome baftion, and wounded (it men,' 
 of which four were mortally hurt. The Governor 
 being there, very narrowly efcaped with a flight 
 icratch. The Cuddalore fchooner came near the 
 road in the evening, and then flood away to the 
 northward again. Our working party lad night was 
 fihy-four pioneers and thirty-five Sepoys, who were 
 employed as follows : twenty-four pioneers, pufhing- 
 an our gallery, relieved each other every fix hours, 
 the reft, with the Sepoys, were repairing the pallifa- 
 doe in the gorge of the north lunette, repairing the 
 embraflires in the eaft flank of the royal baftion, and 
 levelling the earth beat down on the banquets of 
 the lower curtain. 7"he enemy threw but few ftiells 
 iaft night or in this day. 
 
 2.] Laft night the enemy worked at repairing the 
 parapet, and lowered the embrafures ol their batte- 
 ry on the creft of the glacis, in which they opened 
 again this morning five embrafures, and fired with 
 tv/o guns on the angle of the demi baftion, which 
 rarely ftruck the top of the parapet. Our working 
 party was fifty one pioneers, and a hundred Sepoys, 
 who were employed in repairing the fafcine battery, 
 in letting up pallifadoes in the gorge of the north ra- 
 
 veliny 
 
1759- SIEGE OF FORT St. GEORGE. 271 
 
 velin, and in repairing the parapets of the north-eaft 
 baftion •, twenty-feven men were employed in pufh- 
 ing the gallery under the north covered way, and 
 under the covered way near the blind. The ene- 
 my's battery, which fired a fhot now and then from 
 one gun, was filent before noon. About three in 
 the afternoon. Captain Prefton, Ifouf Cawn, and 
 the enemy, feemed to be engagad in (bme topes 
 four or five miles north-weft, and continued firing 
 till five o'clock. The Haarlem and the French fri- 
 gate drew off laft night, and anchored to the north- 
 ward, fo that the Shaftfbury had only two guns 
 from the fouthward and one from the northward to 
 fire on her. 
 
 Feb. 3] This morning, about day -break, the e- 
 nemy fprung a mine behind the counterfcarp of the 
 ditch, oppofite the eaft-end of the cuvette, and 
 opened the wall about twenty or twenty-five feet, 
 but did no other damage than wounding three or 
 four men and an officer in the demi baftion with 
 bricks. The intent of this opening is not very 
 clear, becaufe if it was defigned as a defcent into 
 the ditch, it is fo injudicioufly made, that four guns 
 from the ftank of the royal baftion fire directly into 
 it ; but Colonel Lawrence is rather of opinion, it 
 was intended to deftroy the entrance to our mine, 
 which was but twenty feet from theirs, or that they 
 fprung it, thinking we were at work on the outfide; for 
 the engineer and people at work on our mine h^ard the 
 enemy very diftindtly at work within the counter- 
 fcarp about two o'clock in the morning, and alarm- 
 ed them by knocking, and calling out to bring the 
 match that we might fpring our mine. Our work- 
 ing party, of fifty-four pioneers and forty or fifty 
 Sepoys was employed on the mine and counter- 
 mine, and thickening the parapet of the demi bafti- 
 on near the faliant angle, which part the enemy's 
 battery feems to be intended againft. 
 
 Feb, 
 
27* JOURNAL oif TttE 1759. 
 
 Feb. 4.] Laft night, the enemy endeavoured to 
 make their guns on the glacis bear on the demi and 
 north-€afl ballions, by lowering the embrafures ; but 
 after firing a few (hot in the morning, they clofed 
 them as before. In fhort, the fire from the flank 
 of the royal baflion oblique, and three guns in the 
 north-eaft dired, is fo fuperior to the enemy's, that 
 they cannot poflibly fland that and our (hells above 
 an hour or two every morning. Our working party 
 confifled laft night of fifty-three pioneers and fifty 
 or fixty Sepoys, who were employed in thickening 
 the parapet of the demi baftion, and carrying on 
 the two galleries. The enemy's large (hells being 
 all expended, is the reafon, we imagine, that they 
 only throw from time to time thofe of eight or ten 
 inch from two mortars in the crotchet at the foot 
 of the glacis. The fire of their artillery from the 
 feveral batteries, except that at the burying-ground 
 of four gims, was alfo very flow. The two large 
 guns at the bar were this morning withdrawn, and a 
 iield-piece brought thither. 
 
 5.] This morning early we were iurprized with 
 the fight of fix or feven ve(rels under fail, and con^ 
 eluded them at once to be our fhips from Bombay, 
 but the advance of the day foon difcovered to our 
 view the enemy's two (hips, and five fmall vefifels, 
 going out of the road, and ftanding eaftward, and 
 as foon as the fea wind came in, they ftood to the 
 fouthward. This extraordinary motion we can no 
 ways account for, but by fuppofmg the enemy have 
 had advice of our fhips being fomewhere on the 
 coaft, and fearful of theirs falling into our hands^ 
 have fent them to take fhelter under Pondichery, A 
 red flag was feen at the great mount in the morn- 
 ing, and a great fmoke, fo that we conclude Cap- 
 tain Prefton and Ifouf Cawn are got thither, and 
 hope they will foon get nearer to us. The enemy, 
 la(l night, fired a good deal of Mufquetry, and this 
 
 morning 
 
1759- SIEGE OF FORT St. GEORGE. 273 
 
 morning fired three or four rounds from two guns 
 on their breaching battery, but were obliged to dole 
 it immediately, and fcarce fired a mufquet fhot all 
 day. The four guns at the new hofpital were filent 
 or withdrawn, and only two fired flowly at the old 
 hofpital. our working party, of fifty-three pioneers 
 and forty Sepoys, were employed en the demy baf- 
 tion, north ravelin and galleries: yeflerday that un- 
 der the north covered way fell in, and had like to 
 have difcovered us to the enemy, but being no fur- 
 ther advanced than the banquet of our covered way, 
 we turned to the right till we got into the center of 
 the old town wall, and then advanced forward to- 
 wards the enemy's battery. Indeed we imagined 
 the gallery to have been under the parapet, and 
 were furprized to fee, by the face of the covered 
 way, that we werq not fo far. 
 
 Feb. 6.] This morning fix embrafures of the ene- 
 my's battery to the northward appeared to be repair- 
 ed ; and by their withdrawing the guns from the 
 new hofpital, it is fuppofed they intend to reflore 
 their firfl grand battery. Nothing elfe appeared to 
 have been done as to their works, and their battery 
 on the glacis was filent. Our working party, con- 
 fifting of fifty pioneers and as many Sepoys, was 
 employed in repairing the parapets of the demi baf- 
 tion, and carrying on our two galleries ; thirty fai* 
 lors were landed from the Shaftfbury to aifift the ar- 
 tillery ; and the fhip, no longer apprchenfive of the 
 enemy, v;ent out into deeper v/ater. 
 
 7 ] Earl\ this morning the enemy faluted us with 
 four guns ard one mortar from their old grand bat- 
 tery, which cannot be much to the credit of the at- 
 tack, thus to retreat, after having had four guns in 
 battery five days on the glacis. The old north-eafl 
 baftion, which with three guns has been maintained 
 the whole fiege, feems to be the bbjecft of their old 
 (but once more new; battery. The angle of the 
 
 S demi 
 
274 J O U R N A L OF THE '759« 
 
 demi baftion is alfo battered from the(e four guns, 
 and as many from the burying-ground fire on the 
 face : fo that the enemy have now, as it were, gone 
 back to the fixth of January, and have on us the fol- 
 lowing batteries •, at the old hofpital two guns plung- 
 ing into and enfilading the whole north front ; at the 
 burying-ground four guns battering the face of the 
 demi balliion ; at the grand battery tour guns, firing 
 on the faliant angle of the demi, and on the old 
 north-eaft baftion, and one mortar, throwing fhells 
 of ten inches into the town. On the zig-zag which 
 crofies the ridge of the glacis, three mortars, 
 throwing eight and ten inch Ihells into the demi and 
 north-eail baftions, the blind and fafcine battery. 
 Our working party, of fifty pioneers and as many 
 Sepoys, were employed in raifing and repairing the 
 left face of the north ravelin, repairing two embra- 
 fures on the north face of the royal baftion, and in 
 carrying on the galleries. 
 
 Feb. 8.] The enemy this morning fired with four 
 guns from their grand battery ; but the greateft part 
 of the fhot from thence and the burying ground go 
 over our parapets. Nothing new appeared in their 
 approaches. Captain Barker and myfelf this morn- 
 ing went off in a Moffula boat on board the Europe 
 fhip, and rowed from thence a little to the north- 
 ward, v/ith an intent to come back along fhore, and 
 "take a view of the enemy's works in reverfe. We 
 gotfo far north, and fo near, as to fee plainly behind 
 their grand battery, which at firft appeared very ill 
 manned •, but in an inftant it was filled, and a gun or 
 two turned againft us, with which they fired five 
 rounds at the boat. This obliged us to make an 
 hafty retreat, and prevented us from feeing fo much 
 of their works as we propofed. A deferter who had 
 formerly been in our fervicecame in from the ene- 
 TU) this evening; and informs us, that the reafon 
 they abandoned their battery on the glacis, was, 
 
 becaufe 
 
1759- SIEGE OF FORT St. GEORGE. 275 
 
 becaufe they loft many men from the fuperiority 
 of our fire, had feveral guns difabled, and were 
 conftantly apprehenfive of being blown up by our 
 mine, which they heard we were making under it. 
 He alfo allures us, that they are not making any 
 mines on their part, as we apprehended. Our 
 working party, of fifty pioneers and twenty-leven 
 Sepoys, were employed in repairing the embrafures 
 on the north face of the royal which fire on the 
 enemy's grand battery ; and thofe of the old north- 
 eaft baftion ; alfo in pufhing on our galleries, one 
 of which is now under the enemy's battery, and 
 the other fo far advanced as to prevent any poflibi- 
 lity of deftroying the blind by a mine. We had 
 certain advice this afternoon of Major Caillaud's ar- 
 rival at the Mount, but no account of the forces 
 with him. One of the enemy's fhips anchored this 
 afternoon in St. Thome road, which it was deter- 
 mined the Europe fhip fliould attack ; for if fhe is 
 loaded with heavy fhells, as we apprehend, we 
 ought to hazard gready rather than let them be 
 landed -, becaufe the damage they will do the works, 
 now the enemy is fo near, will be irreparable, and 
 give them an opportunity of effetlually eftablilhing 
 the battery on the glacis. 
 
 Feb. 9 J Early this morning we heard a fmart 
 cannonading towards the Mount, which continued at 
 intervals all day, and was renewed very brifkly to- 
 wards the evening. The adtion was, no doubt, be- 
 tween a tfrong party of M. Lally's European forces, 
 w ith his black army, and our troops under the com- 
 mand of Major Caillaud, who hadjuft joined Cap- 
 tain Prefton and Ifouf Cawn, from Tanjore ; how 
 it ended is hard to fay, but we hope, from the repeat- 
 ed reinforcements which the enemy fent out, that our 
 people had the advantage. In the afternoon two 
 companies of Sepoys were fent out to the bar, and 
 from thence proceeded to the garden-houfe, whicli 
 S 2 pofts 
 
2n6 JOURNAL of the I759. 
 
 ports the enemy had abandoned ; they found fome 
 ammunition, fard-bags, &c. which they brought a- 
 way, and fet fire to the enemy's gabion"^. It was 
 intended that our Europe fhip fhould make an at- 
 tempt in the night on the (hip which anchored off 
 St. Thome yefterday ; however it was not done, 
 and to-day many (lores was unloaded and carried to 
 the Biack-town, The enemy's fire was not very 
 brifk to day, and moft of their (hot flew over the 
 town. Nothing appeared to have been done at their 
 approaches. Our working party was laft night fifty- 
 one pioneers and twenty-feven Sepoys, employed in 
 repairing the demy and north-eaft haftions, and car- 
 rying on the galleries. 
 
 Feb. lo ] The enemy laft night did nothing ap- 
 parently to their approaches, and were pretty filent 
 in their batteries. During the day they fired fmart- 
 ly from their northern battery, but moll of the fhot 
 feemed to be diredted for the houfes in tl->e town, 
 among which they made great havock -, they alfo 
 threw all their fhellsinto the town, fo that the fiege 
 Teems to be begun a-frefli, and the attack intended 
 againft the houfes rather than the works. Our work- 
 ing party, of pioneers and forty-eight Sepoys, were 
 employed in repairing the old north-eall baftion, the 
 demi baftion, clearing the earth below, and in car- 
 rying on the galleries. The enemy's fhip went off 
 in the night. 
 
 1 1.] The enemy laft night fired little mufquetry, 
 and did not, that we could difcover, make any ad- 
 dition to their approaches. Our working party, of 
 fifty-fi.K pioneers and one hundred and thirty-three 
 Sepoys, were employed in repairing two embrafures 
 and thickening a traverfe on the demi baftion •, in 
 clearing the rubbifh from the mint baftion, in laying 
 a platform and making another embrafure near the 
 beach at the fafcine battery. The gallery under the 
 counterfcarp being advanced about ninety-five feet, 
 
 two 
 
1759. SIEGE OF FORT St. GEORGE. 277 
 
 two chambers were made, and loaded with two 
 hundred and fifty pounds of powder each ; that 
 before the blind, was opened by a pit up through 
 the glacis, and a branch carried on a parallel to.the 
 covered way, towards the enemy at the ftocka- 
 doe. 
 
 Feb. 12.] Lafl night the enemy advanced, or ra- 
 ther repaired, a fmall bread- work they had at the end 
 of the ftockadoe, near the fea-fide -, but made no 
 other alteration in their approaches. Our working 
 party, of fifty-feven pioneers and thirty-three Sepoys, 
 were employed in repairing the north-eaft baftion 
 and the demi, and in lengthening out the fafcine bat- 
 tery quitie into the furf, by means of caiks filled with 
 fand ; placing a barricade of palliladoes, cheveaux 
 de frize, and trees in front, and raifmg the parapet. 
 The pioneers employed under the north count-erfcarp 
 continued to flop the mine, and the Blacks to ad- 
 vance the new fhaft. A deferter came in this after- 
 noon over the enemy's lodgement on the glacis, and 
 afTures us, that the enemy are making no mines, but 
 are much afraid of ours. The fire of the beiicgers 
 artillery and mortars has not been fo briflv to-day as 
 it was yefterday. 
 
 13.] This morning, between two and three 
 o'clock, we were alarmed by an attempt of the 
 enemy, with thirty Europeans and fifty CofFrees, to 
 nail up our guns at the fafcine battery : they ad- 
 vanced along the fea fide from the flockadoe, to 
 within thirty yards of our work ; when being difco- 
 vered, they made an halt, and after receiving a fire 
 or two from a fix-pounder placed near the beach, 
 they went to the right about in fome confufion, and 
 returned within their works. The drums having 
 beat to arms, the whole garrifon repaired to their 
 pofls, and plenty of fhells and grape Ihot were thrown 
 into the ememy's approaches. We had a Captain 
 and one foldier wounded, and the enemy left five 
 
 S3 or 
 
278 JOURNAL or THE 1759. 
 
 or fix men dead on the beach •, and in the morning 
 a ferjeant of the Lorraine regiment, being mortally 
 wounded, crawled into our covered way, and died 
 foon after : from him vve learnt the force and inten- 
 tion of the enemy. Our working party confifted 
 offifty-feven pioneers and forty-eight Sepoys, who 
 were employed in repairing the north-eaft baftion, 
 and the demi-haftion ; clearing the rubbifli from 
 the north curtain, and clearing the earth from the 
 right face of the north ravelin, with which banquets 
 were made above. The flopping of the mine under 
 the north counterfcarp was compleated to-day, and 
 intended to deftroy the enemy's battery, if ever they 
 artempted to re-eftablifh it. The fire of the ene- 
 my's north battery was to-day very brilk, and that at 
 the old hofpital filent. 
 
 Feb. 14.] Having obferved that the enemy, be- 
 fore the rifing of the moon laft night, had placed 
 fome gabions near the fea fide, a little advanced be- 
 yond the ftockadoe, a brilk fire was kept thereon 
 from the fafcine battery, and a fally refolved to be 
 made in the morning. Accordingly, about fix 
 o'clock, a lubaltern and fifteen men were fent 
 along the covered way till they got on the flank of 
 the flock adoe ; forty more, with two Cap- 
 tains, went dire(5lly in front of the ftocka- 
 doe ; and twenty, with an Engineer, went with- 
 out arms. The enemy ran from their pofl im- 
 mediately, and our people took pofiTelfion, which 
 they maintained till the gabions by the fea fide were 
 overturned and thrown into the furf, the earth level- 
 led, and the enemy's tools gathered up •, our party 
 then returned, having only two men flightly woun- 
 ded. The enemy being fired on by the north rave- 
 lin, royal bailion, demi-baflion, and fafcine battery, 
 with grape, befides all the works with mulketry, 
 muft have loll many men. \\"e could 'have kept 
 
 poflellicn 
 
1759- siEGEOF FORT St. GEORGE. 279 
 
 pofleflion of the ftockadoe if we pleated ; but it 
 was not thought necelTary. The intent of the ene- 
 my advancing by the fea fide, rauft be with a view 
 to bring cannon againft our fafcine battery ; or un- 
 der cover of the beach, which is fteep, to advance, 
 by means of traverfes, till they got beyond our 
 place of arms, and then make an attempt on that 
 and the fafcine battery together. The enemy were 
 remarkably quiet all night in their trenches and bat- 
 teries, the only diflurbance they gave us being by a 
 fhell or two now and then j thus they generally adl: 
 when they are carrying on any work. Our working 
 party conffted of twenty-four pioneers and thirty 
 Sepoys, who were employed in clearing and repair- 
 ing the embrafures of the north-ealt baftion, repair- 
 ing the embrafures on the demi, and repairing the 
 caponniere before the blind. 
 
 Feb. J 5.] Lad night, before the rifing of the 
 moon, the enemy replaced the gabions which had 
 been overfet yefterday morning, and endeavoured 
 to compleat the traverfe ; but the fire of a twelve 
 pounder from the fafcine battery, and the (hells from 
 the demi-bafhion, made fuch deftrudion among their 
 gabions, that they advanced their work but little. 
 Our working party, of thirty-five pioneers and for- 
 ty Sepoys, were employed in repairing the north- 
 eaft baition, the embrafures of the demi, one em- 
 brafure on the royal, the demi caponniere before the 
 blind, and driving the pickets in front of the fafcine 
 battery. The mine being loaded, three pioneers at- 
 tended it by turns, and were covered at night by 
 ten grenadiers. 1 he enemy's fire to-day was very 
 brifk in the morning from fix guns on their grand 
 battery, three at the burying-ground, and two at 
 the old holpital ; but at five in the evening they on- 
 ly fired from three at the grand battery and two at 
 the burying ground ; a great quantity of artillery in- 
 deed to deftroy defences ! The French frigate hav- 
 
 S 4 ing 
 
28o J O U R N A L OF THE 1759- 
 
 ing returned the 14th at night, and anchored in St. 
 Thome, road, the Tailors which we had on fhore, 
 and thirty marines, were fent on board the Shaftef- 
 bury, which failed to attack her about eleven at 
 night ; but the frigate was gone out of fight by the 
 morning. 
 
 Feb. 1 6.] Though the enemy laft night did not 
 again attempt to pufli on their fap by the fea fide, 
 we kept a biil'k fire till moon-light, and by their 
 filence fufpeded them to be fomewhere at work. 
 Our people were employed in laying large 
 timbers and fand-bags on the beach, to make a 
 platform at the fafcine battery for afliort iron twelve- 
 pounder of a new make, weighing eleven hundred 
 weight, of which two came on board the Shaftfbury ; 
 in driving pickets in the front, and fecuring the 
 flank of the fafcine battery by trees laid in the furf. 
 A party of Sepoys were fent to level the earth at the 
 foot of the demi-baftion ; but, the moon rifmg 
 early they were difcovered and fired on by the ene- 
 my, who killed one man, and the relt thereon aban- 
 doned the w(;rk. The embraiures of the north- 
 cart anddemi-baltions were repaired. The enemy's 
 fire to-day was very brifl^ from their artillery, but 
 they threw very few fliells. We got the platform 
 ready on the beach for the iron twelve pounder by 
 noon ; fo that we had two twelve and one fix poun- 
 der to prevent the enemy's approach. About noon 
 a tmall floop anchored in the road, and acquainted 
 us, that our fhips were feen by her a few days be- 
 fore in the latitude of fourteen north, and about 
 five in the evening we perceived fix fail to the north 
 ward, which we concluded to be ours -, and appre- 
 hending the enemy, on fight thereof, might attempt 
 fomething, the whole garrifon was ordered to lay on 
 their arms at the feveral pofis during the night. 
 
 17.J The whole garrifon being at their pofls laft 
 n!ght,a brilk fireof mufl<:etry was kept up againfl the 
 enemy's works. About ten o'clock the fix (flips feen 
 
 in 
 
1759- SIEGE OF FOR T St. GEORGE. 281 
 
 in the evening anchored in our road, and were 
 known to be thofe we expeded from Bombay. A 
 few pioneers only were employed to lay plank, with 
 nails drove through ihem, in front of the fafcine 
 battery. About two in the morning the enemy fired 
 pretty fmartly from musketry, but their fhot flew 
 high i fires appeared at the fame time in their 
 trenches, and, by morning, we difcovered that the 
 approaches were evacuated, and the enemy were 
 quitting the Black-town, having nailed up all the 
 guns they could fire from, and deftroyed the car- 
 riages which they thought ferviceable. The troops, 
 about fix hundred in number, were landed this 
 morning. 
 
 Thus terminated the fiege of Fort St. George, af- 
 ter the garrifon had been fhut up fixty-feven days, 
 and the enemy's batteries had been open forty-fix. 
 The arrival of the fhips from Bombay with fuccours, 
 doubtlefs, haftened the enemy retreat, and faved 
 the Black-town. 
 
 As nothing very different from what is met with 
 in all fieges, or laid down as general maxims, was 
 pradtifed in our defence, it will be unnecellary to en- 
 ter into a particular recapitulation ; but I cannot 
 withjuftice omit the following circumftances. To 
 the credit of our artillery let it be remarked, that 
 two twelve-pounders from the north ravelin difmoun- 
 ted four twenty four pounders oppofed to them •, and 
 that, of thirty- two pieces of cannon found on the 
 enemy's batteries, thirty-one were difabled by our 
 fhot, which are many more than we had hurt by the 
 enemy, notwithftanding our works were enfiladed, 
 ■ plunged into, and taken in reverfe. I mud alfo 
 mention, as a thing not common in fieges, that the 
 works, by a few men, were kept in extraordinary 
 good repair, and three guns, with a flout parapet, 
 were maintained on the north er. ft baflion from 
 the firfl to the lafl day of the fiege. An additi- 
 on was alfo made of a battery by the fea fide, and 
 
 tVk'O 
 
282 JOURNAL OF THE 1759 
 
 and two pieces more were fired the i6th of Februa- 
 ry than the 14th of December. Nor muft I forget 
 to obferve, that a few raw men, taken from the pi- 
 oneer company, greatly out-did the much boafted mi- 
 ners of the French, who were to blow whole baftions 
 into the air : for, after the breaching battery was e- 
 re(5ted, thofe men, without having feen any thing 
 of the kind before, and without any previous pre- 
 paration of ftantions or tools, were fent to open the 
 counterfcarp, and, by continued hard labour, car- 
 ried a fhaft ninety five feet in length under the ene-- 
 my's battery, where two chambers were made, and 
 loaded with two hundred and fifty pounds of pow-. 
 der each. This work was executed within a few 
 feet of the enemy, and in fight of their lodgment 
 on the glacis. They faw, and dreaded, but could 
 not interrupt it, though we loft many men. Who- 
 ever confiders the nature of the foil, and that 
 the fhaft was carried on under the explofion of 
 the enemy's guns, which every day made the earth 
 fall in, muft allo^v this to have been a moft laborious 
 and hazardous undertaking. 
 
 I will now proceed to a particular view of the ene- 
 my's approaches and batteries, as they were the day 
 the fiege was raifed , beginning with that on the 
 creft of the glacis. 
 
 This battery opened with five embrafures ; three 
 of which were uitended to breach the faliant angle 
 of the demy baftion, and two to fire againft the 
 blind and north-eaft j but the conftrudion and pofi- 
 tion was fo ill contrived, that the enemy were ob- 
 liged to clofe the embrafures every day, after firing 
 a few (hot, which in general flew over. The ha- 
 vock made in this battery by our (hells and (hot, 
 muft certainly have been very great j for feven guns, 
 eighteen and twenty-four pounders, with their car- 
 riages, lav difablcd. 
 
 The 
 
I7S9- SIEGE OF FORT St. GEORGE. 283 
 
 The lodgment on the eaft fide of the covered 
 way, and behind the ftockadoe, inflead of being 
 raifed with a thick parapet well faced with /afcines, 
 and banquets made below, was nothing more than a 
 little loofe earth, thrown up into fome gabions pla- 
 ced without order. Nor were the crotchets or de- 
 mi parallels, which ought to have been capacious 
 and we'll made works, formed in any other manner 
 than the common zig-zags,which were a kind of flying 
 fap about four feet broad ; fo that, undoubtedly, 
 •had it ever been necefl'ary to refolve on attacking the 
 enemy's trenches with a body of ftair or five hun- 
 dred men, we could not have failed to drive them 
 from their grand battery, and nail up all their guns. 
 
 Near the foot of the glacis, on the face of a zig- 
 zag, was a battery of four embrafures, intended to 
 ruin the parapet and difmount the guns of the right 
 face of our north ravelin ; but the alligment of the 
 parapet was fo far from parallel to its objed, that it 
 was hardly poflible to twift the embrafures into an 
 opening that the guns might fee our work. Here lay 
 four twenty-tour pounders difabled. 
 
 On that part of the fecond crotchet to the right 
 of the zig-zag, the enemy had fired three eight and 
 ten inch mortars, and left behind them two dilabled 
 beds. 
 
 In the grand battery, which opened fifteen embra- 
 fures (of which three were direded to the north ra- 
 velin, and twelve on the demi and north eaft bafti- 
 ons) were fix guns mounted on their carriages ; and 
 though the enemy had fired from four of them the 
 1 6th in the evening, yet all but one had received 
 confiderable damage' on the muzzles, and might, in 
 fadt, be reckoned difabled ; there were, befides, five 
 guns with their carriages, and lome Ipare ones diP 
 mounted and ruined. Behind the right wing of this 
 battery the enemy had fix mortars of twelve French 
 
 inches, 
 
2841 JOURNAL OF THE 1759- 
 
 inches, but removed them to make room for guns, 
 leaving two difabled beds. 
 
 In the battery a little to the left of the burying- 
 ground, which was tolerably well built, and opened 
 four embrafures, were three guns mounted on their 
 carriages, which had been fired the preceding 
 evening, but were all damaged on their muzzles. Five 
 guns in the battery, and one more, near, lay dif- 
 mounted, and three carriages by them ruined. This 
 battery, to appearance, was built with a defign to 
 enfilade the right face of the north ravelin and the 
 covered way before it ; but it was placed a ccmfider- 
 able diftance to the left of the face produced, and 
 confequently could not anfwer that purpofe ; its 
 greateft execution was on the face of thedemi bafti- 
 on, near the fhoulder, againft which two guns con- 
 ftantly played. 
 
 On the fide of the old townditch, behind a deep 
 bank oppofite the Portugueze church, were the re- 
 mains of four mortar platforms and two difabled 
 beds ; and from hence the enemy threw their heavy 
 fhells after they had made their lodgment on the 
 creft of the glacis. 
 
 On the battery to the left of the old hofpital, I 
 could not difcover any guns ; but imagine fome 
 mufl have been difabled and buried, as that battery 
 was filent feveral days before the enemy's retreat. 
 It was built among the ruins of houfes, and had fix 
 embrafures, from two of which the enemy for ibme 
 days battered the left face of the royal ; but after- 
 wards with four only enfiladed the right face and the 
 covered way before it, took the right flank in re- 
 verie, and plunged into the demi baftion. Adjoin- 
 ing to this battery on the left was another in a diflfe- 
 rent diredion, which opened four embrafures, and 
 from whence three guns were fired on the right face 
 oi" Pigot's bailion for a few days, after which it was 
 filent j but w iih what view the enemy direded any 
 
 fire 
 
1759- siKGE OF FORT St. GEORGE. 285 
 
 fire on that work, no one ever could conceive, be- 
 caufe that baflion could neither be attacked nor of- 
 fend them. 
 
 The battery built in the front of the new hofpital, 
 near the place where the Company's garden-houfe 
 formerly flood, had four embrafures, and as many 
 guns were conflantly fired from thence, till a few 
 days before the fiege was raifed. It was intended, I 
 fuppofe, to ricochet and plunge into all the works 
 of the north front ; and indeed it might have pro- 
 ved the moft troublefome battery to us of all which 
 the enemy eredled : but I do not think they had can- 
 non enough on it, nor that thofe they had were ma- 
 naged with the greatefl addrefs. There were nei- 
 ther guns nor carriages found on this battery, and 
 perhaps none were difabled on it; becaufe, as the 
 guns always fired en ricochet, the embrafures were 
 choaked in front, and the guns not to be feen. 
 
 WAR 
 
WAR 
 
 O N T H E 
 
 Coaft of Coromandel. 
 
 1759- 
 
 TH E enemy when they raifed the fiege the 
 17th of February, marched off with (b much 
 precipitation that the Black-town efcaped the de- 
 ft rudion with which it had been threatned by M. 
 Lally. He marched diredtly to the Mount, where 
 he left marks of his refentment unworthy of a 
 foldier. Among the reft of his devaftations, he 
 ordered three barrels of gunpowder to be lodged in 
 Colonel Lawrence's country houfe, and blew it up. 
 
 The 
 
1759- AV A R ON THE, ISc. . 287 
 
 The next morning he reached Conjeveram, and 
 immediately began to fortify it againfl: a fudden 
 attack ; but the want of bullocks, Cooleys 
 and other necelFaries, made it impradicable 
 for our army to take the field till the beginning 
 of March. We had then repoffelTed Poonomal- 
 Jay and TrepalTore, having about thirteen or four- 
 teen hundred Europeans, for the reinforcement 
 which arrived the feventeenth of February, amoun- 
 ted to fix hundred men compleat, and with thefe 
 were the Black army of Ifouf Cawn and the Na- 
 bob's brother. 
 
 Colonel Lawrence who commanded, being de- 
 firous of bringing on an adion, marched towards 
 Conjeveram, and moved round it, expofing his 
 flank \ but as he found nothing could provoke 
 the enemy to ftir, and being in a very bad (late 
 ot health, he prudently refolved to quit the 
 command rather than fubjed himfelf to certain 
 fatigue (which he could not bear) without a pro- 
 fpedt of performing the fervice he was defirous to 
 accomplifh, he therefore returned to England, 
 leaving the command to Major Brereton, a gal- 
 lant officer, and next in rank to Colonel Draper, 
 whofe ill ftate of health obliged him likewife to 
 leave a climate which was fo prejudicial to him, 
 that he found it neceffary to take the firfl op- 
 portunity of withdrawing himfelf from the bad 
 effedl of it. He accordingly took his paffage in 
 a China fhip, and left the garrifon full of regret 
 for the lofs of a brave officer who had endeared 
 himfelf to them by every other part of his con- 
 dudl and behaviour. 
 
 Major Brereton, to draw out the enemy if pof^ 
 fible to an engagement, made a motion towards 
 Wandewafh, and opened ground before that place. 
 The French marched to relieve it, and came 
 
 with- 
 
28S W A R ON THE ^7 $9' 
 
 within nine miles of our army, who advanced 
 between three or four miles towards them, where 
 they remained two days under arms. Major 
 Brereton finding the enemy had taken a poft 
 which from its ftrength, it was not prudent for 
 him to attack, and being informed that they 
 had left but a fmall force in Conjeveram, made 
 a forced march in the night of the 12th of April, 
 and the day aft^r entered the town. It was gar- 
 rifoned by fiv'e hundred black troops commanded 
 by Muftapha Beg, an enterprizing partizan, who 
 left our fervice, withdrawing himfelf from Captain 
 Prefton, during the fiege of Madrafs. Muftapha 
 Beg retired with his party to the Pagoda, where 
 he made an obftinate refiflance till he was killed, 
 with the greateft part of his followers ; but not 
 till they had made the beliegers fufFer in their 
 turn, by the lofs of four officers, though fcarce 
 any men in proportion. Major Monfon, as he 
 was reconnoitring, received a wound which en- 
 tered near his ear, pafTed through his cheek, and 
 came out near his nofe, but he never found any 
 great inconvenience from it. Major Brereton, in 
 the attack, received, a contufion on his knee which 
 laid him up for fome time, and Major Caillaud 
 was wounded in the cheek. 
 
 Thefe accidents loft them the critical time 
 of adion, for the enemy were never in a worfe 
 condition ; being ready for a general mutiny for 
 want of cloathing and pay. The defertion of 
 the infantry v/as very great, and fifty HufTars 
 coming over to us were an addition of a 
 very uieful corps, and of moft particular bene- 
 fit at this jundure, as they helped to over- 
 come a very falfe prejudice which our people 
 had hitherto entertained, that fuch troops were 
 ufelefs ; whereas in fadt though exceedingly 
 cxpenfive, they are abfolutely necefTary for 
 
 fome 
 
>759- Coast of COROMANDEL, zSp 
 
 /ome particular fervices, and the Sepoys are always 
 in the greateft dread of them. Upon thefe confi- 
 derations it was at length refolved to raife a body 
 of between two and three hundred HuiTars, 
 
 Being in polTeirion of Conjeveram we remained 
 there a month, as did M. Lally at Cauvery-pauk, 
 till having contrived to cloath his men, and perfuad- 
 ing himfelf that they would be inclined for adion, 
 upxjn intelligence that Ifouf Cawn was returned to 
 Trichinopoly, and that the Nabob's brother had 
 alfo left the army, he moved towards Conjeveram. 
 About this time the regiment grew very fickly, and 
 it being thought that a change might be of fervice 
 to them, Major Brereton marched them towards the 
 enemy at the fame time that the French alfb had juft 
 put themfelves in motion, fo that tlie tv/o armies 
 unexpededly found themfelves near each other Ma- 
 ny of Draper's battalion being recruits unufed to* 
 fervice, and ftrange to the climate, were (6 affeded 
 by it, that in a march of eight miles, fix of them 
 fell down dead, and ninety were taken ill, and by 
 the inclement heat, rendered unfit for fervice. 
 
 Thp r e was no hefitating in a cafe of this nature, 
 for M. Lally being informed of thefe extraordinary 
 accidents, was in full march ; therefore a retreat was 
 immediately made to Conjeveram. M. Lally ad- 
 vanced within three miles of the place, and the En-^ 
 giilli could not reconcile it to their fenfe of honour 
 to be fhur up within walls. Major Brereton being 
 greatly affeeted by the climate, they marched out 
 under Major Monfon, who though he was prevailed 
 on not to rifque a general ad\ion againft eighteen 
 hundred Europeans, had the good fortune to be 
 fuccefsful in feveral fldrmiilies, faftained two fmall 
 attacks which M. Lally made on him, in both which 
 he repulfed the enemy ; and having killed a Captain, 
 a fubaltern, and eighteen grenadiers, rendered his 
 fmall force fo refpeftable to the enemy that M. Lally, 
 convinced that there was no real difpofition in his 
 
 T array 
 
2go War on the, &e. 1759 
 
 army for an engagement, prudently decamped and 
 marched in the night to Trivatoor, which is twenty 
 miles diflant. He then fent his army into canton- 
 ments and went himfelf to Pondichery, heartily tir- 
 ed of his command and of the country, as he would 
 not fcruple frequently to declare. The fame com- 
 plaints were univerfally made by all his ofhcers, and 
 moft furprizing it is that they could fo long keep 
 together, unpaid, a body of troops continually cla- 
 mouring for their arrears. At length the whole re- 
 giment of Lorraine mutinied to a man, and taking 
 pofiellion of four guns, marched out of the garrifon 
 ^yith their colours to a confiderable diftance, where 
 they declared their refolution to fupport themfelves, 
 and put the neighbouring country under contribution 
 for their maintenance. The officers followed them 
 and by entreaty and promifes endeavoured to prevail 
 with them to return to their duty. The intention 
 of the foldiers was not to defert to the Englilh ; but 
 only to declare off from ferving without pay ; there- 
 fore the officers were never able to get from them 
 any other anfwei? but that they would agree to re-r 
 turn, provided their arrears were paid in three days, 
 Gtherwife they would, from that moment, begin to 
 fubfift themfelves in the country. Advice of this 
 being difpatched to PcMidichery, a fupply of money 
 was immediately fent out, and difpatched on the 
 third day, with a promife that the remainder of their 
 arrears fhould be paid in a week. Upon this the 
 regiment returned to their quarters, and it is remark- 
 able, that not a man. of them deferted. 
 
 Colonel 
 
1758. ( 291 ) 
 
 Colonel FORDE's Expedition 
 
 T o 
 
 G O L C O N D A. 
 
 [i758.]^^T^HE events which preceded, and which 
 JL immediately followed the fiege of Fort 
 St. George, being thus continued to the prefent ftate } 
 of inaction, the great and glorious undertakings, and * 
 providential fuccefs which bieft the Englifh arms in * 
 other parts of the country, may here find a place 
 without impropriety or interruption. 
 
 M, Lally, as foon as he refolved on the fiege of 
 Fort St. George, fent orders to Golconda for M. Dc 
 Buffy and M. Moracin to join him with part of their 
 forces, leaving the command of the army at Ma- 
 fulipatam, with the Marquis De Conflans. Soon 
 after the departure of IVj. De BulTy, the country 
 powers, heartily tired of the French yoke, embraced 
 this opportunity to throw it off The Raja of Vifana- 
 pore colled^ed an army of about three thoufand men^ 
 marched to Vizagapatam, imprifoned the French 
 chief, plucked down their colours, and horfted En- 
 glifli in their ftead, and at the fame time plundered 
 the faClory. The Marquis De Confians, in order to 
 punifh this infult, marched his army from Mafulipa- 
 tarn, purpofing to reduce the Raja, and take his 
 capital Vilanapore. The Raja not being able to make 
 liead againft the French army, applied to Colonel 
 Clive at Calcutta, acquainting him with what he had 
 done at Vizagapatam, and reprefenting that M. De 
 SutTy had taken moft of the European forces out of 
 the country. He affured him, that all the country 
 powers were unanimous in defiring to be freed from 
 the tyranny of the French ; and that with a fmall 
 ajfiflance of Europeans, he would engage to drive 
 
 T :i them 
 
 / 
 
292 Expedition to 175^. 
 
 them entirely out of thofe parts. Colonel Give 
 weighed every part of this precarious enterprize with 
 that coolnefs and found judgment, which few men 
 polTefs in the deliberation on great and perilous un- 
 dertakings. The council, to whom he communica- 
 ted his plan, confidered it in no other light than as 
 hazardous in the execution, and fubjeft to the moft 
 fatal confequences in cafe of ill fuccefs. Thefe did 
 not efcape the attention of Colonel Clive, but he vvas 
 at the fame time juftly prepoireffed with the idea of 
 what had been fo familiar to him on the coaft of 
 Coromandel, where he had fo often feen an army 
 of French flying before an handful of Englifh ; and 
 he knew that fuch an event, which he confidered as. 
 more than probable, would greatly contribute to the 
 prcfervation of Madrafs. Animated by the expedla- 
 tion which he with reafon entertained, and confiding 
 in his own experience, he took upon himfeif to influ- 
 ence the council in an affair of fo great difficulty, 
 and preferring the feciirity of Madrafs to any ho- 
 nours or advantages he might acquire to himfeif by 
 a larger command, chofe rather to weaken his own 
 army by detaching two-thirds of his force, than not 
 prevent the Marquis De Conflans from reinforcing 
 M. Lally at fo critical a eonjundure.. 
 
 If the dangers incident to the profecutiori of this 
 enterprize were fo alarming, thofe alfo merited atten- 
 tion which threatened Calcutta, if this expedition had 
 not been undertaken. For it fhould be remarked, 
 that at this very time the Shaw Zadah was preparing 
 to march againfl: the Soubah, our ally ; and it was 
 neceflary, for the prefervation of all our fettlements 
 in thofe parts, to lead an European force to repulfe 
 him. Therefore it fhould be explained, that had 
 M. Lally fucceeded againft Madrafs, the fuperiority 
 of our fleet would have been no fecurity to Bengal, 
 and our vi(fiorious troops at Patna might have ex- 
 perienced a fiital reverfe of fortune, by finding them- 
 felves cut off from all polTibility of a return, it being 
 
 nearer 
 
Z758. GOLCONDA. 293 
 
 nearer by land to Calcutta, from thofe parts of Gol- 
 conda, which were polTeft by the French, than it is 
 from Patna to that Settlement, 
 
 Preparations were made with the greateft ex- 
 pedition, and Colonel Forde was ordered for the com- 
 mand of the army, confifling of five hundred Euro- 
 peans, including a company of artillery, and fixteen 
 hundred Sepoys, with fix fhort fix-poundcrs, and a 
 howitzer for the field artillery ; four twenty-four 
 pounders, four cighteen-pounders, one eight inch 
 mortar, and two royal mortars, as a battering train. 
 
 The troops embaiked the 12th of Odtober, and 
 on the 20th arrived at Vizagaparam. Mr. Johnflone 
 who was fent before to the Raja, to inform him of 
 .their failing, and prepare for their reception, waited 
 on Colonel Forde, to acquaint him that the Raja's 
 army, confifling of between three or four thoufand 
 men^-were encamped about thirty miles diftant, but 
 that the French were much flronger than they were 
 reprefented, and that the M de Conflans, with his 
 army, was on this fide Rajamundry river, diftant 
 from Vizagapatam about one hundred and twenty 
 miles ; and that by the beft intelligence he could 
 procure, they amounted to near fix hundred Euro- 
 peans, five or fix thoufand Sepoys, and many coun- 
 try forces, who had joined them on their march. 
 
 The remainder of this month was taken up in 
 landing the troops, and providing bullocks, cooleys, 
 and other requifites for their march ; and on the firft 
 of November they moved from Vizagapatam towards 
 the Raja's army, which they joined the third, and 
 marched together for forae days. 
 
 Mr. Andrews, who was fent from Madrafs with 
 orders from the governor and council to take charge 
 of the factory at Vizagapatam, together with Cap- 
 rain Callinder, and fome of the company's fervanis, 
 joined the army the fifteenth. They paid their court 
 to the Raja in form, introduced by Colonel Forde. 
 T 3 Here 
 
g!94 Expedition to 175^. 
 
 Here the Colonel (while Mr. Andrews was prefent) 
 fettled articles of agreement between the company 
 and the Raja. 
 
 I. The Raja to pay the extra expence of our 
 army during the time they fhould adl together, al- 
 lowing the officers double batty, which was to be 
 paid when we rtiould put him in polTeilion of Raja- 
 mundry, (a large town and fort then in polTellion of 
 the French.) 
 
 II. The Raja to poflefs all the inland country that 
 belongs to the country powers in the French intereft, 
 and at prefent in arms. 
 
 III. The company to poflefs all the conquered fea 
 coaft from Vizagapatam to Mafulipatam, E^c. 
 
 Thefe articles being agreed to and figned, Mr. 
 Andrews took his leave of the Colonel, and returned 
 to his fettlement at Vjzagaparam : Captain Callinden^ 
 as fenior officer, commanded as fecond in camp. 
 
 The army marched for feveral days till they came 
 "within fight of the enemy's camp the third of De- 
 cember, which was near the village of Tallapool, 
 llrongly fituated about forty miles on this fide Ra- 
 jamundry ^ they had upwards of five hundred Eu- 
 ropeans, thirty-fix pieces of cannon, and fome mor- 
 tars, eight thoufand Sepoys, and a great many of the 
 country powers. On the fixth, Colonel Forde march- 
 ed nearer the enemy, and gained an eminence at 
 about three miles diftance from their camp. The 
 French feemed not inclined to quit their ftation, and 
 the Colonel did not approve ot attacking them to fo 
 great a difadvantage, therefore determined cither to 
 draw them from their prefent fituation, or march 
 round them and get between their army and Raja- 
 mundry. About fix o'clock in the evening the Colo- 
 nel waited on the Raja to inform him of his intenti- 
 ons, and orders were given out late for the army tq 
 march at half an hour after four in the morning, no 
 morning-gun to fire, and no beating of drums, but 
 fhe greateft filence to be obferved. The M. de 
 
 Con flans 
 
175?- GOLCONDA. 295 
 
 Conflans expecfling the Colonel would wait at his 
 ground, and being informed by one of our defer- 
 ters, that the troops were all raw, and unexperienced 
 in difcipline, determined to -cannonade our camp, 
 and the deferter undertook to fiiew the enemy where 
 they might mofl: annoy our people. Their whole 
 troops were under arms at one o'clock in the morn- 
 ing, and a large party was detached with fix pieces 
 of cannon conduced by the deferten 
 
 Our army ftruck their tents, an-d marched at the 
 iiour appointed, not knowing of the enemy's inten- 
 tions. The Raja's army being not fo alert, was 
 left on their ground. A little before day-break, the 
 French began their cannonade, not being informed 
 of our march ; this greatly difconcerted the Raja, 
 who difpatched a meflenger after the Colonel, ac- 
 quainting him with his diRrefs. Our men were 
 ordered to halt, and the Colonel returned and brought 
 up the Raja's army. They then marched on toge- 
 ther till they came to the village of Golapool, and 
 there they halted on a fmall plain, about three miles 
 from their encampment : In the mean time the 
 M. de Conflans obferving our army had moved, and 
 perceiving our intentions of ftealing a march round 
 him, ordered his troops immediately in line of march, 
 and proceeded towards us, keeping between our 
 army and his own camp. Wechad not halted above 
 half an hour before we difcovered the enemy's Se- 
 poys, and prefently after their whole line, about 
 ten or twelve hundred yards diftant on cur left 
 flank : In a few minutes after they clofed, and mov- 
 ed down towards us in good order. 
 
 About nine our line was frrmed, but the Indian 
 army not recovered of their morning fright, were 
 ail in confufion. The Raja, confcious of the ill be^ 
 haviour of his troops, and alfo of his own negled, 
 upon Colonel Forde's remonfl:rances, fubmitted the 
 difpofal of them for the future entirely to him ; 
 upon which the Colonel ordered all the Ir^dians, 
 T 4 with 
 
29^ EXPEBITION TO 1758. 
 
 with fire arms, to form upon the right ?nd left of 
 our Sepoys on each wing, as the enemy's line ex- 
 tended much further than ours. Captain Eriftol, 
 a European in the Raja's fervice, commanding a 
 fmall body of European deferters, with four jie^es 
 of cannon, was ordered to join our artillery on the 
 left of the battalion. 
 
 The enemy began a cannonade about ten o'clock,- 
 which was continued by a fiiarp fire from both ar- 
 mies for upwards of forty minutes, at which time 
 we obferved the enemy's battalion, and their right 
 wing of Sepoys, with a body of horfe moving up, 
 in order to fall upon our left ^ank, for they miftook 
 pur battalion of Sepoys on the left wing for Euro- 
 peans, being cloathed in red cloth jackets The 
 French drawing near, poured in their whole fire 
 upon them, which was returned by our Sepoys 
 pretty fmartly, though they were iii fome confufion, 
 giving v.'ay at the fame time, while the enemy kept 
 ?^dvancing. On feeing this. Colonel Forde ordered 
 the European battalion to make a quarter wheel as 
 quick as pollible. They had but jufl time to make 
 their proper front, before the enemy's European 
 battalion were advanced very clofe. Our people 
 gave them their whole fire, which made a great 
 ilaughter, and giving two or three huzzas at the 
 fame time, advance^ brifldy in order to pufh bayo- 
 nets. This motion being fo fudden on the enemy, 
 they had not time to recover their mifiake ; at the 
 fame time our cannon galled them greatly with grape 
 ihot. 
 
 As our troops advanced, tlieir men gave way, and 
 foon fell into diforder, going to the right about. 
 Our Sepoys on the left wing, that had before given 
 way, renewed their charge ; and thofe on the right 
 wing behaved with uncommon refolution, and foon 
 made the enemy's Black forces on the left give 
 ground, by which means about eleven o'clock the 
 retreat became general. The Raja's troops, except 
 
 the 
 
1758. GOLCONDA. 297 
 
 the few Europeans commanded by Captain Briftol, 
 all this time were idle fpedtators, only firing a few 
 rockets. Had the Raja's horfe, which were at moft 
 five hundred, purfued at this jundure, few or none 
 of the French could have efcaped ; but there was 
 no poffibility of getting them to charge, or even ad- 
 vance beyond our European battalion. The other 
 part of his army were more intent upon plunder 
 than fighting. The enemy attempted to rally again 
 at their camp, but were fo clofely purfued, that they 
 were obliged to difperfe in fmali bodies, making the 
 beft of their way for Rajamundry. We took pof- 
 feflion of their camp, with all their ordnance, am- 
 munition, ftores, tents, and camp equipage -, the 
 enemy not having time to carry off any thing but 
 four fmali field-pieces, and two camels loaded with 
 money and papers, which the Marquis de Conflans 
 had ordered away on the firft diforder of their army 
 to Rajamundry, there to wait his further orders. 
 The Marquis, with the commandant of artillery, 
 and their attendants, on finding we had got polTef- 
 fion of their camp, made off without waiting for 
 any of their fcattered troops, and getting to Raja- 
 mundry th^t night, proceeded the next day to Maf- 
 fulipatam. 
 
 Our army being much fatigued, the Colonel halt- 
 ed in the French camp for the remainder of the 
 day. After placing the proper guards of the camp, 
 and fecuring our prifoners, all the pallankeens be- 
 longing to the officers, and the covered chairs (which 
 they call dooleys) were fent back to the field of bat- 
 tle to bring the wounded of both armies. The 
 French officers taken prifoners had their paroles gi- 
 ven, and leave to go along with our fick and wound- 
 ed to Cockanara, a Dutch fettlement about twenty 
 miles from the field of battle. 
 
 We had forty -four Europeans killed and wounded, 
 Simong which were two Captains and three Lieute- 
 pants i and the French, one hundred and fifty-fix, 
 
 officers 
 
29S Expedition to ^75^. 
 
 officers included. Great numbers of the Black for- 
 ces fell on both fides. 
 
 It was a mod compleat vidory, for the enemy loft 
 their whole camp, baggage, ammunition, and all their 
 artillery, except the four field -pieces above mention- 
 ed. Our people took thirty-tvvo pieces of cannon, 
 and the Indian army alfo took fome guns. Though 
 the enemy had fuch a number of guns, they were 
 ill manned, by which means, when their line ad- 
 vanced, the artillery became ufelefs, being all left in 
 the rear, while our guns moving with the battalion, 
 were conflantly in play. 
 
 Captain Knox, with the firft battalion of Sepoys, 
 was ordered that evening to purfue the enemy as far 
 as Rajamundry, and there wait the arrival of the 
 army ; and the next day, upon receiving intelligence 
 that the French were very ftrong at Rajamundry, 
 having colled^ed together moft of the fcattered parties 
 of Europeans, and fome Black forces, the Colonel 
 detached Captain Maclean, with two battalions of 
 Sepoys, to reinforce Captain Knox ; being joined, 
 they marched, and came upon the enemy in the 
 duik of the evening, while they were crolling the 
 river in boats. They killed fome Europeans, and 
 took fifteen prifoners ; as for the Sepoys, they threw 
 down their arms and difperfed. Captain Knox took 
 poflfeflion of the fort of Rajamundry, and from thence 
 cannonaded the enemy acrofs the river, which obli- 
 ged them to abandon the four field-pieces left in the 
 boats on the oppofite fide. 
 
 Rajamundry is a barrier and key to the Vizagapa- 
 tam country ; the French held it as their own pro- 
 perty, and always kept a governor, and a fmall body 
 of troops to garrifon it. 
 
 In this fort were taken more artillery, ammuniti- 
 on, and {lores, with about five hundred draught and 
 carriage bullocks, fome horfes and camels, and a 
 sood deal of rich furniture. The Colonel referved 
 "^ - all 
 
J758. G O L C O N D A. 299 
 
 all the military {lores for the company, and the re- 
 mainder of the efFeds were fold by aiidion, and 
 .divided as a reward to the troops for their good 
 behaviour. The army encamped without the tovvn 
 by the river's fide j one company of Sepoys doing 
 duty in the fort, and another in the town, to prevent 
 any difturbance. 
 
 Colonel Forde now called upon the Raja to fulfil 
 the terms of agreement, and pay the extra expences ; 
 but the Indian Chief, like all his countrymen, could 
 not bear the thoughts of parting with money, and 
 pleaded, as ufual, the impolfibility of doing it with- 
 out going about the country to collect the revenues. 
 As it was impradicable to carry on any military ope- 
 rations without money to pay the troops, and pro- 
 vide for their march, the Colonel was obliged to in- 
 lill upon the Raja's complying with the articles which 
 were fo folemnly agreed to by him, who after many 
 frivolous excufes, and even endeavouring to lay the 
 blame on the interpreter, convinced at length by the 
 juftice, neceflity, and intereft he had in enabling the 
 troops to take the field about the middle of January, 
 he paid the money, and at the fame time Colonel 
 Forde dehvered up the fort of Rajamundry. The 
 Raja appqinted Captain Briftol, a European in his 
 fervice^ governor of this fortrefs ; and under his care 
 were left the fick and wounded, and alfo the fpare 
 artillery, and fome baggage. Both armies now march- 
 ed towards MaiTulipatam, Colonel Forde taking the 
 diredl road, arrived at Elore the fixth of February, 
 where he waited for the Raja, who went out of the 
 hne of march to raife contributions. 
 
 The French had a fadory at Narfipore, about 
 twenty miles from Elore, at which place there were 
 a hundred Europeans, and fome Sepoys ; and M. 
 Panneau the Chief feemed determined to defend it. 
 Captain Knox with the firft battalion of Sepoys, was 
 detached againft him, and letters were fent by the 
 folonel's orders to the Raja of Narfipore and his 
 
 brother, 
 
300 Expedition re 1758. 
 
 brother, that in cafe they offered to molefl Captain 
 Knox's party, or give the French the lead afljflance, 
 they might exped to lee their whole country ruined ; 
 at the fame time offering him proper encouragement 
 to induce him to enter into our alliance. The Raja 
 of Narfjpore having received the Colonel s letter, 
 met Captain Knox on the march, offering him af- 
 fiftance, and promifing to join the army in a few 
 days with what forces he could raife. On the ap- 
 proach of our party, iVl. Panneau fent away all the 
 company's goods in boats to Mallulipatam, and car- 
 ried the garrilbn to join the army of obfervation, 
 which was encamped about forty miles m our front, 
 confifting of two hundred and fifty Europeans, two 
 thoufand Sepoys, and four pieces of cannon. This 
 flying army always kept a day or two's march be- 
 fore us, obferving our motions, and harafling the 
 country in order to diftrefs us, and retard our march. 
 
 There were found in Narfipore two four and 
 twenty pounders, three twelve pounders, and fome 
 fmall guns, with feveral veilejs, boats, and marine 
 ilores. All the ammunition M. Panneau had funk 
 jin the river. 
 
 The Raja's army coming up the eighteenth, and 
 being joined the next day by the Raja of Narfipore, 
 marched together with Colonel Forde, and encamp- 
 ed near a fmall fort, called Concale, on the twenty- 
 fixth. Here the French had placed a ferjeant, with 
 tliirteen Europeans, and two companies of Sepoys, 
 giving him ftrict orders to maintain the place to 
 the laft extremity. Captain Maclean, with fix com- 
 panies of the fecond battalion of Sepoys, was de- 
 tached againft it. The French commandant of the 
 army of obfervation had (ent the ferjeant word, 
 that if he could maintain the fort till the following 
 day, he v/ould fend him a large reinforcement. On 
 the approach of our detachment the enemy fired 
 fmartly upon them from the cannon of the fort, 
 however, by the help of a rifing ground, and the 
 
 adjacent 
 
i>75S. GOLCONDA. 301 
 
 adjacent hoiifes of a village, our Sepoys in veiled 
 it clofe round. Captain Maclean attempted to force 
 the gate, but was twice repulfed with lofs, having 
 feveral of his men killed and wounded ; and find- 
 ing it impollible to gain an entrance without can- 
 non, he wrote to the Colonel, acquainting him with 
 what had been done, and requefting a fmall re- 
 inforcement, and two guns, which were immedi- 
 ately fent, with an officer of artillery, v/ho advanced 
 iiis guns clofe up to the gates, and blew them open. 
 Our Sepoys entered, and made a great flaughter 
 among the enemy's Sepoys : as for the Europeans, 
 they hid themfelves ti'l our people ceafed firing. 
 
 Some few hours after we had been in poiTellion 
 of the fort, a country fellow brought intelligence of 
 a party of forty Europeans, and fomc Sepoys, ad- 
 vancing to the relief of the place, upon which Cap- 
 tain Maclean marched his detachment out of the 
 fort, on a fmall plain to the weft of them ; but the 
 French party hearing that the fort was taken, re- 
 turned back to their own army. 
 
 The Marquis de Conflans was encamped in the 
 Pettah, or village, diftant about two miles from the 
 walls of MaiTulipatam. Here the army was fup- 
 plied with water, for it is to be obferved that there 
 are no frefh fpringa in the garrifon, and here they 
 were pofted to fo great advantage, that it is furpri- 
 fing the Marquis de Conflans did not chufe to keep 
 poffeffion of that ground, from whence, if he had 
 been obliged to retire, his retreat would have been 
 covered by the guns in the garrifon. However, he 
 did not chufe to hazard an adion at any rate ; but 
 when Colonel Forde appeared on the fixth of March, 
 he mgved into the fort, and our army encamped on 
 the ground he quitted the fame afternoon. 
 
 The French had an army of obfervation, confift- 
 ing of about two hundred and fifty Europeans, and 
 two thoufand Sepoys, who lay for fome time between 
 cur army and Rajamundry, to cut off our fupplies 
 
 from 
 
302 Expedition to 1759. 
 
 from thence : at length they fummoned Captain 
 Briftol, who was obliged to furrender, having firft 
 conveyed away by fea to Cockanara all the money 
 which was lent him by Mr. Andrews from Vizaga- 
 patam, for the iife of the army, and alfo the fick 
 and wounded. The advantage which the enemy 
 reaped from the taking of Rajamundry was the dif- 
 appointing our army of the money, the feizing fuch 
 baggage and effects of the officers as were left there, 
 and making prifoners twenty Europeans, and forty 
 Sepoys. 
 
 MalTulipatam was invefled the fjventh o March, 
 the fame day on which the news arrived that M. 
 Lally had raifed the fiege of Fort St. George. 
 
 From the feventh of March, to the feventh of 
 April, the befiegers were conftantly employed in car- 
 rying on the ufual and neceffary approaches. They 
 bombarded the town, and deftroyed a great many 
 houfes : they battered and made feveral breaches 
 in the baftions, which the befieged, by their num- 
 bers, very eafily repaired. On the fixth of April, 
 breaches being made in two baftions, great hopes 
 were entertained of our being able to attack the 
 next day, but notwithftanding our continual fire all 
 night, by the morning of the feventh, the enemy 
 had repaired them ; and now the commander of 
 artillery reprefented to the Colonel, that there was 
 only two days ammunition remaining, having ex- 
 pended upwards of four hundred barrels of powder, 
 with fhot and fhells in proportion, that with briflc 
 firing all day, the breaches might be opened again 
 as before, but that was all that could be done fur- 
 ther by the batteries. Upon this report, Colonel 
 Forde knowing the confequence which muft una- 
 voidably attend the raifmg the fiege, determined to 
 attempt it by ftorm the fame evening. Accordingly 
 the difpofition was fixed, and the army ordered to 
 be under arms at ten o'clock at night. Depending 
 wholly upon his Europeans, he deftined them for 
 
 the 
 
1759. COLCONDA. 303 
 
 the effedual fervice : and to amufe the enemy with 
 two falfe attacks, he ordered Captain Knox, vvith 
 the firfl battalion of Sepoys, to march at dufk of 
 the evening, round the town to the weftward, with 
 diredions to draw as near the walls as poHible, and 
 begin his fire exatflly at twelve o'clock. At the fame 
 time the Raja of Vifanapore was to make another 
 falfe attack by the gate way, and front of the de- 
 tached ravelin, with orders to follow Captain Knox's 
 fire, making as much noife as polTible by firing of 
 cannon, fmall arms, and rockets, and uhng every 
 other means to alarm and perplex the garrifon. The 
 European battalion,, with part of the gunnery taken 
 from the batteries, and fome feamcn from the Hard- 
 wicke, and the fecond battalion of Sepoys, with two 
 field-pieces, formed the main attack for the bafti- 
 ons, where the breaches had been made. The 
 firfl: battalion of Sepoys began their fire exadly 
 at twelve o'clock, the hour appointed, which was 
 followed by the army of the Raja according to his 
 infl:rudions. 
 
 In the mean time the party for the grand attack 
 eroffed the Morafs which furrounds the whole city, 
 and came to the ditch before they were difcovered. 
 The grenadiers and two battalions of Sepoys, 
 puflied for one of the baftions where the breach 
 had been made, and the battalion of Europeans with 
 the gunners and feamen made' for the other. 
 While the men were croffing the ditch, the enemy 
 poured in upon them their fmall arms and grape- 
 ihot from the flanks of the baft ions, which was 
 fdon returned by our mufquetry. The enemy were 
 driven from the breaches, but fhill kept up a fmart 
 fire from the other works. As the two field pieces 
 could not be got over the main ditch, the officer, and 
 men belonging to the artillery, left them, and entered 
 the town with the reft: of the troops, where they 
 were of great fervice by turning the enemy's own 
 guns again fl: them. In this manner they fought the 
 
 ememy) 
 
304 EXPEDITIOJ? TO 1759' 
 
 enemy, gaining baftion after baftion, till they ap- 
 proached the gateway, and cut off their communica- 
 tion from the detached ravelin. 
 
 At this time a French officer came to the Colo- 
 nel, from the Marquis de Conflans, afking quarter 
 for the Garrifon. The Colonel fent a Captain with 
 the French officer to the Marquis, with the follovving 
 melfage, That he could not give quarter while re- 
 fiftance was made in any part, and that unlefs the 
 befieged would immediately ceafe firing, and fur- 
 render themfelves, he lliould be obliged for his own 
 fafety, to put the whole garrifon to the fword. 
 
 The Marquis De Conflans difpatched his orders 
 for the troops to quit their arms, and repair to 
 the Arfenal, and fent the fame meflage to the out- 
 pofts. The firing ceafed in about half an hour after, 
 and the main body of our troops repaired to the 
 Efplanade. A detachment of one hundred Euro- 
 peans, tu'o companies of Sepoys, and two guns, 
 were ported over the prifoners that night : the 
 next day the gentlemen gave their paroles, and 
 had liberty to walk about the town, and the 
 Colonel fhewed them great lenity in granting all their 
 effedls, except private trade, which was fecured for 
 the captors. 
 
 The enemy fuffered greatly, but it was never 
 known exadtly what numbers they loft, but by com- 
 paring their mufter rolls, with our number of pri- 
 foners, which were four hundred and nine, they 
 muft have had above a hundred Europeans killed 
 during the fiege, their wounded being included 
 amongft the prifoners. 
 
 The ftrength of the Englifh in the grand attack 
 was three hundred and twelve in battalion, thirty 
 gunners, as many feamen, and feven hundred Sepoys. 
 On the falfe attack of the gateway four thoufand of 
 the Raja's forces, and feven hundred on the other, 
 but neither of thefe entered the town. The ftrength 
 of the enemy in garrifon according to their mufter 
 
 rolls 
 
1759- GOLCONDA. 30s 
 
 rolls the 6th of March, was five hundred and tv.en- 
 ty-two Europeans, and two thouiand and thirty nine 
 Coffrees, TopaiTcs, and Sepoys. There were taken 
 abov6 one hundred and fifty pieces of cannon, one 
 thirty-two, and five tWenty-four pounders, and a 
 great quantity of ammunition. 
 
 Salabatzing advanced with his army v^'ithin about 
 forty miles of Mafulipatam, fome days before it 
 was taken, and there waited like a true Eaftern 
 Politician tiie event of the fiege. Our fuccefs 
 both there and at iVIadrafs, freed him from the flavifli 
 dread of the French, which had too long influenced 
 his councils. 
 
 About the fame time his brother Nizam Allee, 
 wh6 had fet up a feparate intereft, marched frorri 
 Aurengabad, and arrived at Hyderabad. This was 
 another circumftance that induced Salabatzing to 
 wifh for the Alliance of the Englifli, and perhaps 
 difpofed him the more readily to iign the following 
 treaty. 
 
 Treaty with Salabatzing^ Soubjl or Viceroy of the 
 Deckau; 
 
 /The feal of\ 
 y Salabatzing. J 
 
 The whole of the Circar of MafTulipatam, with 
 eight diftricts as well as the Circar of Nizampatam, 
 and the diftricts of Codaver and Wacalmanner, 
 fiiall be given to the Englifh Coir;pany, as an 
 Enam (or free Gift) and the Saneds granted to 
 them in the fame manner as was done to the 
 French. 
 
 Salabatzing will oblige the French troops which 
 are in this country, to pafs the river Ganges with- 
 in fifteen days, or fend them to Pondichery, or 
 to any other place out of Deckan country on the 
 other fide of the river Kriftna. In future he will 
 DQ^t fufFer them to have a fettlenient in this country 
 
 U OR 
 
3o6 Exp EDIT TON to i"75^ 
 
 on any account whatfoever, nor keep them in^ 
 his fervice, nor aflift them, nor call them to his 
 alTiftance. 
 
 The Sonba will not demand- or call * Gauzapetty- 
 rauze to an account for v/hat he has collected out 
 of the Circars belonging to the French, nor for tha 
 computation- of the revenues of his own country, 
 in the prefent year, but let him remain peaceably in 
 it in future, and according to the computation of 
 revenues of his country, before the time of the 
 French, agreeable to the cuftom of his grand-father 
 and father, and as was then paid to the Circar, {o 
 he will now adt and pay accordingly to the Circar, 
 and if he (the Raja) does not agree to it, then- 
 the Sou ba may do what he pleafes. In all cafes the- 
 Souba will not affft the enemies of the Englifh, nor 
 give them protection 
 
 The Englifli on their part will not aflift the Souba's- 
 enemies, or give them Protection. 
 
 Dated Moon Ramadan, i6thHegira, 1172, which 
 is the 14th of May, 1759. 
 
 In the Souba's own hand". 
 
 I fwear by God and his Prophet, and upon the 
 Holy Alcoran, that I with pleafure agree to the re- 
 quells fpecified in this paper, and ihall not deviate fronv 
 it even an hair's bread-th. 
 
 The French fhewed how greatly they valued this 
 country, by detaching from Pondicherry four hun- 
 dred men to reinforce an army which before was 
 almolt double the number of Colonel Forde's. 
 They fent this reinforcement on board the Harlem,, 
 which they taok from the Dutch, and the Brillol. 
 Thefe fhips arrived in the road of Maftulipatam tlie 
 »5th of April, a very few days after the town was in 
 the hands of the Englifh. 
 
 The Hardwicke Indiaman, which was there at an- 
 chor when fhe firft faw the French colours, got 
 
 * The name of the Raja of Vifanapore. 
 
 under- 
 
1759- GOLCO'ND^A. 367 
 
 iinder-way, and made ready for an Engagement, 
 which continued about an hour, during which time 
 Mr. Samfon, the firft mate (the Captain his brother 
 being afhore) had the addrefs to get to the wind- 
 vard of the French, and came to an anchor. One 
 of them alfo came to an anchof, but the other con- 
 tinued beating up to windward about three hours, 
 by which time Captain Samlim came on board. 
 He was determined to fight his way through them 
 and make for Bengd, where he wds to have carried 
 a large number of prifoners, but had then only forty 
 o'n board. The enemy's largefl: fhip got under fait 
 at the fame time as the Hardwicke, and together with 
 the other exciianged broadfides, till finding they 
 were not able to come up with the Hardwicke, they 
 returned and came to an anchor, and Vlr. Moracin,- 
 who commanded the troops, not having heard the 
 fate of the place, fent a boat afhore about midnight, 
 with a letter to the Marquis de Conftans, to acquaint 
 him that He had brought him fuccours, and that 
 he fhoutld not difembark the men till he received 
 his orders. The next morning difcovering his mrf- 
 take, he failed for Ganjam, where he (laid till the 
 beginning of November, as it was not poffible for 
 them to return to Pondichery againft the Monfoon. 
 There he loft forty men in an attack made on him by 
 Narraindu, a Raja of thofe parts, who projedled 
 every fcheme he could devife to cut them off by the 
 fword, by famine, or poifon. Their numbers were 
 greatly diminifiied by the above-mentioned diftreffes, 
 and alto by dei'ertidn, and when all their proviilons 
 and money were gone, the country people left 
 them to the diftance of a league all round. 
 
 Mr. Moracin then came away in a boat with his 
 nephew and fecreiary, and arrived about the mid- 
 dle of December at Pouliacat, in his way to Pon- 
 dichery. There were about two hundred men left, 
 who went to Cockanara, where fome of them landed, 
 and were endeavouring to get- the people of ih? 
 
 U 2 country 
 
3o8 S U R A T. 1759. 
 
 Country to join them, but were attacked by Captain 
 Fifcher, who took ten officers with one of the 
 Rajas who had joined them, and fixteen Euro- 
 peans, and killed feveral more, on wliich thofe 
 that w^ere in the veflels tailed for Pondichery, and 
 many of thefe were drowned. 
 
 s u RAT. 
 
 [i759.]TT being the defign of this work to treat 
 J[ of fuch events as have been Ijrought. 
 about by the military expeditions of the Englifh 
 in India ; the lafl revolution in the government 
 of Surat, muft be confidered as a neceffary part 
 of this undertaking. 
 
 To give the hiflory of the former ftate of this 
 great commercial city, farther than it concerns 
 the prefent change of government, would be here 
 iinneceiTary, but without a reprefentation of fuch 
 alterations in the jurifdidion of the city and caftle 
 as have not only preceded, but conduced to bring 
 about this revolution ; neither the caufes nor 
 conduct of the tranfa6tions can be underftood. 
 
 Surat has for fo many years been one of the 
 moft frequented cities in the Eaft, that, from the 
 concourfe of Mahometan pilgrims, who make it 
 their road from India to vifit the tomb of their 
 Prophet, it has been called the gate of Mecca. 
 The caftle has always been held by a governor, 
 appointed by the Mogul, to keep the city under 
 proper lubjedion, but not to interfere with the 
 government of it. 
 
 The Indian feas having been infefted to an 
 intolerable degree by pirates, the Mogul appoint- 
 ed the Siddee, who was chief of a colony of Cof- 
 frees to be his Admiral. It was a colony which, 
 having been fettled at Dundee Rajapore, carried on 
 
 a confidera- 
 
1759- S U R A T. .309 
 
 a confiderable trade there, and had likewlfe many 
 vefFels of force. 
 
 The Mogul, being equally moved by zeal for 
 the Mahometan religion, and a concern for the 
 interefts of commerce, in order to keep the feas 
 open between Surat, and the Perfian and Arabian 
 gulphs, had been at the annual expence of a large 
 (bip, purpofely fitted out to carry pilgrims to Judda, 
 v/hich is no great diftance from Mecca. For the 
 fecurity of this veflel, as well as to protect the 
 trade of Surat, which was then very fiourifhing, 
 he granted his Admiral, the Siddee, a revenue 
 called the Tanka, to the yearly value of three lack 
 of roupees, at the time it was firft fettled ; arifing 
 partly from fome adjacent land, and partly from 
 the revenues of Surat, which were paid him annually 
 by the governor, while his officers were allowed 
 to colled: his rents •, but he had not the leait 
 title to any power independent of the marine. 
 
 The ufual endeavours of all Mahometan chiefs 
 to defraud or circumvent each other, are conti- 
 nually producing revolutions. The government 
 of Surat had for fome time been back- 
 ward in their payments, and with-held great part 
 of the fum ftipulated from the Siddee, who to 
 make himfelf amends, took occafion to fend fome 
 of his cruifers into the river of Surat, at a time 
 when the Monfoon was fetting in, and then made 
 a pretence of the feafon for remaining there. 
 Siddee MufToot, the commander of that fqu;idron, 
 made ufe of this opportunity to get fome kind 
 of footing in the government, and to fcize on 
 the caftle, which he held till his death, when he 
 was fucceeded by his fon, in the year 1756= 
 
 MuiToot not only retained the governmeni of 
 the caflle, but gready encroached on that of the 
 town, and appropriated to himfelf one third of 
 its revenues ; anotlier third has long fmce been 
 annually paid to the Marattas, and by ihem farm- 
 
 U 3 ed 
 
3IO S U R A T. 17S9. 
 
 cd out to an officer who refides in Surat. The 
 walls of the town, with the afliflance of the Eu- 
 ropeans who have fadories there, are a fufficient 
 defence againft thefe plunderers ; but as they are 
 at all times mafters of the whole country up to 
 the very gates, it has been thought expedient tp 
 pay them duly their allotment, rather than fub- 
 ]ct\ the inland trade to the many delays and diffi- 
 culties with which it is in the power of the Ma- 
 rattas to clog and interupt it. They are continu- 
 ally hovering about the place, and watching for 
 invitations which through the inconftancy and fluc- 
 tuation of the governing powers of the city and 
 caftle, they frequently receive, and though they 
 know that their admiffion into the town would be 
 the abfolute lofs of their revenue for the future, 
 (for their government, wherever eftablifhed is f^- 
 tal to trade) yet from their habitual paffion for 
 plunder, they are ever feeding themfelves with 
 hopes that fome governor in the dechne of his 
 power will open the gates and invite them to a 
 prefent booty, which no arguments of reafon or poli- 
 cy can reftrain them from feizing. 
 
 Meah A'^chund, had applied to them for their 
 affiftance, to turn out Novas AUee Cawn from the 
 government, who himfelf alfo entertained a fecret 
 correfpondence with fome of the Maratta chiefs, 
 Meah Atchund, was brought by a party of Ma- 
 rattas frorn Poona, to the walls of the town ; 
 having fo far availed himfelf of their affiftance, 
 he difcarded them, for the Siddee preferring him 
 to Novas Allee Cawn, whom he thought to be 
 more dangeroufly connected with them, agreed to 
 join Meah Atchund, and eftablifh him in the city, 
 upon condition that he would abfolutely renounce 
 their alliance : but as the government was con- 
 tinually weakened by the incroachments of the 
 caftle upon the town, it was daily expeded that 
 ihe Marattas, would take advantage of this ftate 
 
 of 
 
5759- S U R A T. 51* 
 
 of anarchy, to which it was in a manner reduced, 
 •for the lavvlefs behaviour of the Siddee's fon filled 
 •the city with riot and murders, while new exadi- 
 ■ons and additional burthens upon trade grew to be 
 ■intolerable. 
 
 Jn the year 1758, ear-ne'ft application vvasmade 
 to Mr. Ellis the Englifh -chief, by the principal 
 merchants and inhabitants, de(iring him to -recom- 
 mend it to the prefidency of Bombay, to fit out 
 an expedition for taking poflefllon of the Caftle 
 ^nd Tanka. They enforced their felicitations by 
 entering into an obligation to become refponfible 
 for five years for any deficiency in the revenues 
 •of the Caflle and Tanka, which were rated at two 
 lack of roupees per annum. 
 
 Pharras Cav/n, who had been Naib or deputy 
 •governor to Meah Atchund, and properly (peaking 
 the adiing magiflrate, had regulated the pohce to 
 4he fatisfadion of the whole city ; therefore it was 
 •propofed to have him for Governor, fmce he had 
 Sufficiently fhewn how well he was -qualified for 
 it by his condu6t and behaviour while he aded 
 as Second. Thefe propofals were the more readily 
 •approved and accepted, a^s the EnglilTi had been 
 often gricvoufly oppreft by frauds, extortions, and 
 many impediments thrown purpofely in the way of 
 their bufinefs -, as aifo by frequent iniliks, violences, 
 -and even murders committed on their Servants, 
 v;'\xh a total d^fregard to the protedion of the 
 ;Company. It was alfo a confideration of no finall 
 weight, that the polfeflion of the caftle would be 
 a fecurity againft the apprehenfioii of the iMarat- 
 tas. Thefe were arguments for undertaking fuch 
 an enterprife at any time, but what determined 
 the prefidency of Bombay to a decifive refolurion, 
 and at laft caufed the expedition to take place, 
 was the weight and influence of the fquadron which 
 was at Bombay, in the year 1759. Mr. Ellis, as 
 ^t has been already obferved, had taken great pains 
 
 U 4 to 
 
311 SURA T. 1759. 
 
 to obtain a thorough knowledge of the ftate of af- 
 fairs and interefts of the feveral perfons concerned 
 in the government of the city and caftle during his 
 refidence there, and had with no lefs Judgment con-- 
 certed a plan for fettling it upon a better ellablirh- 
 ment. 
 
 Mr. Spencer, who fucceeded Mr. Ellis, commu- 
 picated tg the governor and council of Bombay, the 
 beft information be could procure of the pollure 
 of affairs in Surat, in the beginning of the year 
 
 1759- 
 He found Meah Archund governor cf the tosyn, 
 
 but with fo little power that the Siddee did net fo 
 much as leave him the nominaiion of the officers 
 properly belonging to him ; and thofe of the Siddee's 
 party, who had been moll inilrumental in lowering 
 the authority of Atchund, were apprehenfive of his 
 entertaining a correfpondence with the Marattas. The 
 dread of thofe rayagers, and the frequent murders, 
 which were committed with impunity, fmce the 
 government of the city ceafed to be refpedtabie, had 
 intimidated the inhabitants to fo great a degree, 
 that many confiderable traders and people of fub- 
 llance had left the place, through apprehenfions of 
 being plundered in the conteft between the two 
 parties ; and thofe who {laid there were fincerely 
 defirous that the caftle fhould be in the hands of the 
 Company, from the confidence they had in the 
 Englifh, and the opinion they entertained of the 
 humanity and Juftice of their government, trufting 
 that fo long as they poiTeft the caftle, they would have 
 influence enough in the town to prevent the vio- 
 lence and oppreflions which had too long raged 
 without controul. 
 
 Btfides the invitation from thp v/hole mercantile 
 intereft, overtures were made to Mr. Spencer from 
 two of the principal men in the government, Siddee 
 Jaffier and Velley Ullah, who engaged to contribute 
 all in their power towards fecuring the Caftle and 
 
 Tanka 
 
1759' S U R A T. 313 
 
 Tanka for the Company, on condition that they 
 fhould agree to make Pharrafs Cawn governor of 
 the town, or in cafe it fhould be found too great a 
 difficulty to fet Atchund afidc, it fhould be determined 
 for the Company to bring Pharrafs Cawn to Surat 
 with their forces, and place him in the government, 
 by agreement, as Naib to Atchund. This was meant 
 for a fatisfadlion to all parties, there being feveral 
 who would be lefs jealous of Atchund while Pharrafs 
 Cawn v/as thus placed as a check upon him. 
 
 The principal motive of Siddee Jaffier, was the 
 prefervation of his large property, which he could 
 not but apprehend to be in great danger under 
 fuch a government, notwithftanding his influence 
 with both parties. As for Velley Ullah, he adled 
 upon very different principles. He had formerly 
 been a dependant on Novas Allee Cawn, and had 
 facrificed him to Meah Atchund, with whom he 
 held the fame place, but with a greater degree of 
 influence ; and this he was fuppofed to ufe without 
 any fcruple, for the betraying his new mafler to the 
 Siddee. Confcious of this, and aware of the diflrult 
 which Atchund mud naturally have of him, from 
 his known infincerity, he was for embracing any 
 opportunity of fecuring himfelf by overthrowing or 
 weakening that power which he had toojufl reafon 
 to fear. 
 
 From the chara(fter of thefe people, there was ve- 
 ry little reliance to be had on their profeflions of 
 friendfliip and promifes of affifrance, therefore it was 
 of much greater confequence to the fuccefs of the 
 defign to examine into the force that was to oppofe 
 it, than to be vainly looking after that which was 
 too precarious to be depended on for fupport. 
 
 It was foon difcovered that the Siddee had about 
 two thoufand men in pay, from v/hich, after deduc- 
 ing fuch as were employed in domeftic fervices, or 
 kept merely for parade, there might remain a body 
 of feventeen hundred, compofed of various people. 
 
 Moors, 
 
$1^ S U R A T. 175^, 
 
 Moors, Gentoos, Arabs, Pattans, and others ; but> 
 they were allowed to be a better corps than At^• 
 chund's Sepoys, which amounted to four thoufand. 
 To this body were to be added fuch a number, as 
 they could be expected to raife upon the news of the 
 preparations at Bombay for an intended attack. At 
 the fame time it was confidered that a body of men 
 To raifed, could be no great addition of real ftrengih, 
 fmce they were not likely to behave themfelves as 
 foldiers, on the meer conlideration of a few days pay, 
 well knowing that they fliould be difcharged as foon 
 as ever the affair was decided. There feemed there- 
 fore to be but one thing to be apprehended, which 
 was leaft Atchund, or even the Siddee, fhould in 
 diftruft of their own ftrength, fly to the defperate 
 refource of calling in the Marattas, 
 
 The prefidency of Bombay, now fully apprized 
 of all particulars, and being principally upon their 
 guard againlb the laft mentioned fatality, in order to 
 fccure themfelves from any danger of that kind by 
 fea, and in other refpeds to give weight to the en- 
 terprize, defired Admiral Pocock to accompany it 
 with two fhips of his fquadron. The Admiral con- 
 fenting to their requcft, gave orders for the Sun- 
 derland and Newcaftle to countenance the expedi- 
 tion, for it is to be obferved, that the Siddee who 
 enjoyed the Tanka on condition of keeping up a 
 Fleet for the Mogul, had fo far fallen oft' in the per- 
 formance of that condition that his marine v.'as by 
 no means capable of oppofing the fhips of the Com- 
 pany. 
 
 Captain Maitland, of the royal regiment of artil- 
 lery, being appointed to take the command of eight 
 hundred and fifty men, artillery and infantry, and 
 fifteen hundred Sepoys, was fent on board the com- 
 pany's armed veflels, commanded by Captain Wat- 
 fon, who failed on the ninth of February, and land- 
 ed them the fifteenth. 
 
 AVhen 
 
1759- S U R A T. 315 
 
 When Captain Maitland approached the town, he 
 found fome of the Siddee's people had taken poll in 
 the French garden, from whence he diflodged them 
 after a hot difpute of four hours, in which he loft 
 twenty men. He then dired^ed the engineer, to 
 look out for a proper place for a battery, which 
 was erected in the night and the next day, and alfo 
 the three following, a brifk fire was kept up from 
 two four and twenty pounders, and a thirteen inch 
 mortar. The enemy had taken polfeffion of the 
 Englifh garden and Siddees * Bunder, and had 
 fecured them with works and ftrong palifadoes. 
 After this continued firing without any apparent 
 effedt, Captain Maitland, called a council of war, 
 compofed of military and marine officers, when they 
 concerted a plan for a general attack, and refolved 
 to carry it into execution the next morning. In pur- 
 fuance of this plan the Company's grabs and bomb 
 ketches warpt up the river in the night, and anchor- 
 ed oppofite the Bunder early in the morning, and 
 then a general attack began from the vefFels and a 
 battery, with a defign to drive the enemy from their 
 batteries, and fo facilitate the landing of the infantry, 
 who were embarked on board the boats. The fir- 
 ing lafted till after eight, when upon a fignal made, 
 the boats put off, and landed under cover of the 
 veffels, the military being greatly aflifted by the 
 condudt and gallant- behaviour of Captain Watfon. 
 They foon put the enemy to flight, and took pol- 
 feffion of all the outer town. There ft ill remained 
 the inner town and the caftle. In order to attack 
 them both at once, three mortars were planted at 
 the diftance of about feven hundred yards from the 
 caftle, and five hundred from the inner town. 
 
 About fix in the morning, the mortars began to 
 play very brifldy, and continued to do fo till two the 
 fiext morning. The cannonading and bombardment 
 
 * Cuftom-houfe. 
 
 put 
 
3i6 S U R A T. 1759. 
 
 put the befieged into fuch a confternation that they 
 never returned one gun. 
 
 Several meiFages part: during the attack between 
 the principal perlbns in the town, and Mr. Spencer, 
 who ufed his utmoil endeavours to place Pharrafs 
 Cawn in the gov^ernment ; but it appeared that his 
 friends, notwithftanding the hopes they had given, 
 made noi the leall; effnr in his behalf, even after the 
 Englifh had been two days in poifeflion of the outer 
 town, but fignified to Mr. Spencer, that they chofe 
 Pharrafs Cawn fnould be Naib, and that the govern- 
 ment Ihould be continued to Atchund. Thcfe con- 
 fiderations, the expence of ftores, and lofs of men 
 by the cafualties of war and defertion, made it im- 
 prudent to perfifl in bringing in Pharrafs Cawn againft 
 the inclination of his former partizans, and the in- 
 tereft of Atchund, who, fhould he be thereby pro- 
 voked to unite with the Siddee, might frullrate the 
 whole defign. It was therefore agreed to propofe 
 this plan to Atchund and his party, offering to fe- 
 cure the government to him, on condition of mak- 
 ing Pharrafs Cawn, Naib, and eftablifhing the En- 
 glifh in the poflefiion of the Caftle and Tanka. Mr. 
 Spencer accordingly fet on foot a treaty with At- 
 chund, and the following agreement was ratified on 
 both fides. 
 
 Agreeable to your defire, I fent a perfon to you, 
 by whom you advifed me verbally of your demands, 
 and with (inceriry of heart, I now write the particu- 
 lars I can agree to, which are as follow. 
 
 /^ Atchund's \ / Cootbodeen's \ 
 
 \^ Seal. J \^ Seal. J 
 
 Article I. That Phar- Article \. Agreeable to 
 rafs Cawn fhall be ap- this article, I fully con- 
 pointed to the office of fent to Pharrafs Cawn's 
 Naib, in its greateil ex- appointment. 
 
 tent, as in the time oi: 
 
 Suffdair, 
 
3^7 
 
 II. Whatever Pharrafs 
 Cawn has wrote or pro- 
 mifed to do for the ho- 
 nourable company, I uiil 
 {land to v/ithout the leait 
 alterations. 
 
 1759. S U R A T. 
 
 SutFdair Cawn, and no 
 body but himfelf (hall in- 
 terfere in the faid poft. 
 
 II. That whatever ar- 
 ticles Pharrafs Cawn has 
 given in writing, or pro- 
 mi fed to the honourable 
 Company (the particulars 
 of which cannot be drawn 
 out at prefent, and muft 
 be deferred till we can 
 meet) fhall be fully com- 
 plied with, without the 
 leafl diminution. 
 
 IK. That the Mecca 
 gate dial I be opened, and 
 our troops admitted, and 
 we fliall join our forces 
 to drive our enemy out 
 of the tov/n. 
 
 IV. The above arti- 
 cles a perfon in your be- 
 half demanded, all which 
 I agree to and will com- 
 ply with, and the govern- 
 ment (hall be continued 
 to me in full authority, 
 and to the above I have 
 put my own feal, and 
 Meer Cootbodeen will 
 fign and feal the fame, 
 after which you muft 
 fend a counterpart of this 
 writing with the honour- 
 able Company's feal af- 
 fixed. 
 
 A counterpart of the above articles were fealed 
 with the honourable Company's feal, and fent to 
 Atchund the fourth of March, 1759. 
 
 As 
 
 III. The Mecca gate 
 fhall be opened, your 
 troops admitted, and join- 
 ed by mine to drive out 
 the enemy. 
 
 IV. Agreed to, and that 
 we fhall a:t jointly in 
 turning the enemy out of 
 the town. Whatever the 
 honourable Company have 
 demanded I agree to. 
 
3i8 S U R A T. 1759. 
 
 As foon as thefe articles were executed, Atchund 
 immediately opened the inner town gate, and order- 
 ed a party of men to affift in bringing the Siddee 
 to terms, who being acquainted with this junclion, 
 uas convinced that it muft be impofiible for him to 
 hold oiit againft their combined force, and the ge- 
 neral voice of the people. After many repeated 
 mefTages, with a variety of propofals, it was at laft 
 granted, that the Siddee's people fhould have liber- 
 ty to march out with their arms and accoutrements, 
 and alio be permitted to take away all their valuable 
 effects, and even the common furniture of their 
 houfes. This was <lone with the greateft regularity, 
 and the Englifh were peaceably put in polTelTion of 
 the Caftle and Tanka. 
 
 The guns and ammunition found in the caftle 
 were fecured for the company, as alfo the velTels 
 and naval ftores, till fuch time as the Mogul's plea- 
 fure was known. As foon as the grants arrived from 
 Pelli, appointing the Company Admiral to the Mo- 
 gul, the (hips and ftores belonged to them of courfe 
 as part of the Tanka. It fliould be remarked, that 
 the above-mentioned grants, and all Phirmaunds 
 hereafter inferred, were folicited and obtained before 
 the murder of the Mogul, and the revolution at 
 Delli ; and arrived fome time after the reduction of 
 the caftle. 
 
 The number of killed and wounded did not a- 
 mount to a hundred Europeans, but the lofs by de- 
 fertion was greater. Thus was accomplifhed a re- 
 volution of general benefit : peace and good govern- 
 ment was reftored to the city, and the Englifh ac- 
 quired a valuable and mod neceflary poilellion, to 
 the univerfal fatisfadlion of the inhabitants, and alio 
 with the concurrence of the people in power. As 
 the authentic papers hereunto annexed, will prove 
 that this eftablifhment had the fandion of the Mo- 
 gul, that which immediately follows will fhew that 
 proper care was taken to have the affent alfo of the 
 Marattas. 
 
 Proposals 
 
i-jSg. SURA T. 319 
 
 Proposals from the Nanma Pundit Praden, Chief 
 of the Marattas, 
 
 I. As the Siddee at Surat has not only become 
 troublefome for many years to the honourable Com- 
 pany, the * Circar, merchants, &c. but has pofief"^ 
 ied himfelf- of the caftle, and ufurped the govern- 
 ment of the pkce, to the entire ruin of trade and 
 the city of Surat, It is therefore agreed, between 
 the Circar and honourable Company, to turn him out 
 of Surat, that every body may be eafy there, to 
 purfue his own advantage, and for the general bene- 
 fit of the place. 
 
 II. That the Englifh fhall have the fole power and 
 authority to make any man f Nabob there, and the 
 Circar fhall approve fuch election without hefitation ; 
 and they (the Englifli) fhall have the fame power 
 and authority to turn him out, by informing the 
 Circar, (who will not have any objedion to it) fhould 
 he prove a bad man, in any refpetl:, towards the 
 merchants, or any body elfe. 
 
 III. That the Nabob, &c. fhall make no alterations 
 in the culloms on goods, f^c. but let that article, 
 and every thing elfe remain as at prefent. 
 
 IV. That the caftle when taken, fhall be poiTefiTed 
 by the Englidi, and they fhall have the fole com- 
 mand of it for the fafety of the place, and benefit 
 of the government, and for which they fhall receive 
 
 . the ufual allowance. 
 
 V. That when the Siddee at Surar is turned out, 
 the Tanka which he had for maintaining a fleet, 
 rtiall be divided yearly in three (hares, viz. The 
 Circar, the Company, and the Nabob, each one- 
 third. 
 
 VI. That the Circar, fhall receive, as ufual, from 
 the government, what is juftly due to them., and 
 
 * The Marattas's officers. 
 
 f The Governor of the Town is called Nabob. 
 
 pay 
 
320 S U R A T. 1759. 
 
 pay out of it what is due to Damojee, but both the 
 Circar's and Damojee's officers and people are to 
 give affiftance for the greater import and export of 
 goods, ^c. to and from Surat. 
 
 VII. That the Nabob or government of Surat fhall 
 receive, as ufual what is due to him from the Circar 
 and Damojee, for the country without Surat gates. 
 
 VIII. That fhould there be any quarrel or diflur- 
 bance within the town, and there be an occafion for 
 putting a fhop to any thing any where out of the 
 gates of Surat, the Circar's people are to do or defift 
 from the fame conformable to the defire of the En- 
 glifh, and not otherwife, and thofe officers and peo- 
 ple are not to offer to meddle in any affairs of the 
 Surat government, or (hew any moleftation to the 
 fame. 
 
 After thefe propofals it was extremely difficult to 
 manage the Marattas, who were continually inter- 
 fering. During the fiege a body of their troops ap 
 proached Surat, and delired to be admitted to a6t in 
 concert with the Englifh, but as Inch an affair would 
 have difgufted the Moors in the town, Mr. Spencer 
 managed fo as to wave it without offence, ufing at 
 the fame time all poffible precautions to prevent their 
 having any intercourfe with the Siddee or Atchund, 
 with both of whom they had been tampering not- 
 withftanding their profellions to the Company. At 
 laft he found it neceffary to declare that he would 
 not allow of any force appearing before the place, 
 while the Englifh were carrying on their operations 
 again ft it. 
 
 PER' 
 
1759- S U R A T. yit 
 
 PE R IV ANN A *, under the fed of Nahoh Vizier 
 Ulma Malech^ Afof ^haw Nizamel Muluck, Baha- 
 dour, dated the ninth' of Shiival, in the fixih year 
 of the reign of hn prefent Majejiy, (feventb of June ^ 
 
 n59-) 
 
 E peace and happinefs with the renowned Mr, 
 John Spencer, Captain of the fadory in the 
 city of Surat, by the hands of your vakeel, your 
 prefent and arzee (or requeft) have been received, 
 and the purport and particular thereof are under- 
 ftood, and your arzee (or requeft) to his Majefty, 
 has been delivered. The pains you have taken, and 
 the fuccefs you have met with in keeping open the 
 Door of Mecca, and delivering our fubjeds from 
 oppreflion, we are pleafed and fatisfied with. As to 
 the Phirmaund for the government of the caftle and 
 faned for the fleet, which are requefled in the name 
 of the EngliOi company, I have given your Vakeel 
 an anfwer, who will particularly advife you thereof 
 Let the Pifcah on this account be quickly remitted, 
 that it may be prefented to his Majefty, and your 
 requeft thereby granted. In the mean time it be-^ 
 hoves you to carry on affairs with alacrity, and be 
 affured that herein nothing on my part fhall be want- 
 ing to countenance you. 
 
 A REPRESENTATION made to the Mogul hy 
 John Spenrer, in behalf of the Honourable Englijb 
 Eafi-hidia Company. 
 
 TH A T by virtue of Royal Phirmaunds of your 
 M.ijefty's Predeceflbrs, the EngliCh hitherto 
 
 * A grant given, or paper figned by the Mogul, is called a Phir- 
 maund. 
 
 By the Mogul's Son, a Nuihavvn. 
 
 By the Nabob, a Perwanna. 
 
 By the Vizier, a Houfbul-hookum. 
 
 ^ enjoyed 
 
322 S U R A T. ^7 59 
 
 enjoyed favour at Surat, and carried on their bufi- 
 nel's in a reputable manner, till in thefe days that the 
 Siddees ufurping an undue authority in the town, 
 ufed it to the ruin of the city in general, the lives 
 and properties of your Majefty's fubjetls being made 
 light of by them, and they even proceeded fo far, as 
 to take away the lives of our people, in dired breach 
 of your Majefty's Phirmaund -, and in fhort, inftead 
 of being the Protedors of the place, became the 
 oppreflbrs of it to fuch a degree, that the juft orders 
 of your Majefty, were no ways regarded in this city 
 by their means, and things were come to this pafs, 
 that though in confideration of the Tanka, the Sid- 
 dee was to protect the bar, yet fo far was he from 
 doing that, that for many months paft, a large fleet 
 of Sancraiee Punt's, Ballajee Row's Naib, entirely 
 fhut up the bar, as did a large land force by land, 
 to the infinite detriment of the place, and inhabitants 
 in general, without the Siddee's interfering therein, 
 and th.re was the greateft reafon to believe, that 
 unlefs fome fpeedy and rigorous meafures had foon 
 been purfued, your Majefty's famous city of Surat, 
 the only port of good Muftellmen to the tomb of 
 your Prophet, would have been brought to fhame. 
 In fuch circumftances, the eyes of the whole town 
 were caft on us, as the only perfons of force fuffici- 
 ent to fave the city from the calamities that it then 
 felt, and was ftill further threatened with, and in 
 confequence of their felicitations to me, though our 
 bufinefs in thoie parts of the world is only to trade 
 and merchandize, and we are not defirous of taking, 
 or governing cities or countries, yet as all the inha- 
 bitants of this place great and fmall, were earneftly 
 defirous of it, and I faw it was for the good of the 
 place, I wrote to the General of Bombay on the 
 fubjedl, in fuch manner, that at an immenfe expence, 
 he fent hither in our King's fhips, a great force of 
 good and experienced men, with a large quantity 
 of artillery, and other warlike ftores, of all-fbrts, 
 
 with 
 
1759- S U R A T. 323 
 
 with which I have had the happinefs to procure 
 fafety to the city, and eafe to the inhabitants) 
 and have procured an entire currency to your Ma- 
 jefty's orders in the place ; and your Majefhy^s au- 
 thority, by all ways in our power v/ill be prefer- 
 ved in the place, as it ufed to be, and you will 
 confider the Englifh as defirous of receiving your 
 orders, fuch being the intention of the Governor 
 of Bombay and myfelF, whofe whole power will 
 be ufed to maintain the caftle, that we have pof- 
 feffed ourfelves of, for your Majefly, and to preferve 
 the bar and fea open againil: all oppofers, on your 
 behalf, for we Hiall not apply the Tanka you 
 have granted for this purpofe to others, as has 
 hitherto been the cafe ; and fince our having done 
 this, the enemies that furrounded the place both 
 by fea and land, to its great prejudice, have been 
 removed, we are always ready for the fafety of 
 the caftle and city, with its inhabitants ; and there- 
 fore hope for your Majefty's favour, in behalf of 
 the Honourable Englifh Company, for whofe good 
 fervices on this occafion I mull refer your Ma- 
 jefty to the reprefentation of the inhabitants of the 
 place. 
 
 N. B. There accompanied this a letter to the 
 Vizier, much to the fame purpofe, requefting 
 his countenance ^ letters went alfo in the name 
 of the Governor of Bombay on the occafion, 
 to the King and Vizier, referring in general 
 to the above, and the whole was attended 
 with a reprefentation of the town in general 
 on our behalf, under the feals of the Nabob, 
 Naib, the head Siads, and Officers, and the 
 Heads of the Merchants in general. 
 
 X 2 PER- 
 
224 S U R A T. 1759, 
 
 PERIVANNA under the Vizer'sfeal for * Sciad 
 Moyncdeen Caun to a5l as Governor of Surat. 
 
 BY the advices recei-ved here from Surat, it has 
 been made known unto his Majefty, tliat 
 you with the confent, and at the defire of the inhabi- 
 tants, are arrived there,, and that afterwards the Ho- 
 nourable Mr. Spencer, Captain of the Fadory at Su- 
 rat, with the renowned Pharrafs Caun, came and 
 turned out Siddee Amed, who had pofTefTcd him- 
 felf of his Majefty's Caftle, and greatly opprefied- 
 our fubjects, and that thereby the city is nov/ 
 at eafe, and the inhabitants fatisfied. Therefore 
 it behoves you to ad as may be mod conducive 
 to the- good of the city and his Majefty's affairs, 
 that every body may follow their calling without 
 fear, and the city flourish. Let this be implicitly 
 obeyed, on the fecond of Shaban, and the fixth 
 year of the reign of his prefent Majefty. 
 
 HOOKUM or ORDER, under the Vizier's 
 feal, to Mr. Spencer, to ajfijl and advife with 
 Sciad Moynodeen Caun, in the Government of 
 bur at. 
 
 E it known unto the Honourable Mr. Spen- 
 cer,, Captain of the Factory in Surat, that in 
 thefe days advice has been received that with the 
 confent, and at the defire of the inhabitants of 
 the Bunder of Surat, the renowned and brave Sciad 
 Moynodeen Caun Bahadour came into the place, 
 and that afterwards you, wi;h the renowned Phar- 
 rafs Caun, came, and turning out the Siddee from 
 the King's Caflle, which he had pofTefFed himfelf 
 of, and given much trouble to the fubjeds by 
 oppreffion and otherwife, gave eafe and fatisfadion 
 
 * Another Name for Atchund 
 
 to 
 
1759' S U R A T. 325 
 
 to the inliabitants of the place, with which we are 
 well fatisfied, and it now behoves you to advife 
 with, and in conjundion with the above renowned, 
 fo to carry on matters, as may be mofl conducive 
 to the good of the place, and the honour of his 
 Majeily, by affifling one another. Let this be done 
 on the fecond of Shaba n, in the fixth year of the 
 reign of his prefent Majefty, 
 
 HOOKUM or ORDER, under the Vizier's 
 Jeal, to the fubjeds and inhabitants of Surat, to 
 achioivkdge and ajjijl Sciad Moynodeen Caun as Gover- 
 nor of Surat. 
 
 BE it known unto all tlie prinpipai Sciads, 
 Shaiks, and otherwife, and old men of un- 
 dcrflanding, as alfo to all the merchants, and others 
 our fubjeds, inhabitants of Surat, that his Majefty 
 is made acquainted by advices from thence, that 
 by your confenc, and at your defire, the brave 
 and renov/ned Sciad Moynodeen Caun, is come 
 there, and after him Mr. Spencer, Captain of the 
 Fadtory at Surat, with the renowned Pharrafs Caun, 
 came and turned out Siddee Amed, who pofTeffed 
 himfelf of his Majefty's caftle, and greatly oppref- 
 fed our fubjeCts, and that thereby the city is now 
 at eafe, and the inhabitants fatisfied. Therefore 
 it behoves you, in all refpeds, to aflift and advife 
 the faid Moynodeen Caun, and with one accord 
 to concur in every thing for the good of the place, 
 which I would have ir.npHcitly obeyed on the fer 
 cond of Shaban, and the fixth year of the reign of 
 his prefent Majefty- 
 
 HOUS BU L-HOO KU M, tinder the great 
 feal of the 'Nabob Fizier^ Ulmak Maleck^ Nirzavt 
 al Miduck Bahadour. 
 
 E peace unto the high and renowned Mr. John 
 
 Spencer. The courage and condud you have 
 
 X 3 (hewn 
 
326 S U R A T, 1759, 
 
 fhewn in his Majefty's fervice, for the good of our 
 fubjefls the inhabitants of Surat, are made known 
 to his Majefty, and their letter exprefling their 
 faiisfadion therewith, has alfo been fhev/n, with 
 which his Majefly is well fatisfied, and praifes you 
 therefore upon this account. He has been plcaf- 
 ed to order this Houfbul-Hookum to be fent to 
 you, that you may take care of his Majefty's caftle, 
 and take the prefervation of the trade of thefe 
 Teas particularly upon you, fo that the inhabitants 
 of Surat may carry on their bufinefs, and live in 
 cafe and quiet, ar^.d the fnips and veiTels going to 
 and coming from the moft remarkable ports, as well 
 as others, be in no fear from rovers and pirates. 
 The Pliirmaund for the government of the caflle, 
 and Perwannah for the fleer, being given in 
 charge to the Englifh Company, (liall be fent you 
 from Court, on tlie firft of the month of Zickat, and 
 the fixth year of the reign of his prefent Majefty, 
 (the 24th of June, 1759.) 
 
 N. B. The Houlliul-Hookum to the Governor, is 
 in the fame words as the above. 
 
 PERWANNA, under the Cocchuck, (or the f mall 
 fed) of the Nabob Vizier Ulma Maleck, i\izam 
 al Miiluck Bahadour, to Mr. John Spencer. 
 
 TH E Arzee of the high and renowned^ with 
 the prefent, and letter expreifing the mer- 
 chant's fatisfa6tion, have been received by the hands 
 of Hadee Caun. The conduct and courage you 
 have fhewn for the good of the inhabitants of 
 Surat, and his Majefty's fervice, liave been in a 
 particular manner made known to him, with v/hich 
 he is well pleaied, and praifes you therefore. It 
 now behoves you with a fatisfied mind particularly 
 to look to the peace of the inhabitants, and the 
 prefervation of his Majefty's caftle, and to take 
 care that the trade of the feas is kept open and 
 
 fafc 
 
1759* S U R A T. 327 
 
 lafe, that the Hadjees (or Pilgrims) and merchants 
 meet with no trouble or impediment, and that 
 the (liips to and from the renowned and other 
 ports, may be iafe from any fear of violation from 
 rovers and pirates. The Phirmaund for the go- 
 vernment, and Perwannah for the fleets, being given 
 in charge to the Englifh Company, fhall be fent you 
 from Court. 
 
 PERIVANNA, nndcr the Coochuck, (or the 
 Jtnall fed) of the Nabob Vizier Uhna Makck^ 
 Nizam al Miduck Bahadour, to Mr. John Spen- 
 cer. 
 
 HIGH and renowned, the Turns ufually re- 
 mitted from Surat, are now much wanted 
 at Court, and his Majefty is prefl'.ng for them. 
 As yet what money the renowned Moynodeen Caun 
 may have fent, is not yet received, therefore Per- 
 v/annah's have been wrote to hallen him in that 
 refped ; but it likewife behoves you to prefs him 
 on this head, and procure the remittance of the 
 Tohod by bills, as foon as pollible. Look upon this 
 as abfolutely neceflary. 
 
 PHIRMAUND or ORDER, under the great MoguV s 
 feal, and under fealed by his Vizier, for the Ho- 
 nourable Company's holding the government of the 
 caftle of Surat. 
 
 Verfes 
 
 from the Koran, 
 
 in Arabick. 
 
 LE T the renowned among the people, the 
 EngliQi Company hope for his Majefty's fa- 
 vour, and be it known unto them, that in thefe 
 X 4 happy 
 
328 S U R A T. 1759. 
 
 happy and vidorious times, his Majefty has been 
 pleafed, out of his great grace and favour, to grant 
 unto them, the Killidaree, or government of the 
 Caftle of Surat, on its being taken from iMuiToot 
 Achmed Caun, it therefore is requifite, that they 
 fhould be very grateful for this his Majefty's favour, 
 and look particularly to the welfare of the caftle, 
 keeping proper order and difcipline among the 
 troops, and having provifions, ftores, and ammu- 
 nition always in readinefs, as has been ufual, 
 which is ftridly and efpecially required of them 
 by his Majefty. 
 
 Given on tlie eleventh day of i\Iohoram, and in 
 the lixth year of his Majelty's reign, (or 4th of 
 September, 1759.) 
 
 At the back of the Pi-iivmaund is the Grand 
 Vizier's Seal, and all his titles wrote at length. 
 
 DUSTUCK or ORDER, under the Ojan Su- 
 maiin^ or Steward's Jeal for the Hotiouralle Company s 
 holding the King's fleet. 
 
 TH E Duftuck in the name of the noble and 
 renowned Englifli Company, is as follows. 
 By his Majefty's Houftiul-Hookum, the office of 
 Deroga of the great fleet, belonging to the Bunder 
 of Surat, vacant by the difmiflion of Siddee Yacood 
 Caun, is now delivered into your charge ; there- 
 fore it behoves you, to execute the faid office, with 
 great care and circumfpedion, and carry on the 
 bufinefs of it juftly, and with moderation. Look 
 on this as abfolutely required of you. Dated the 
 fecond day of Mohoram, in the fixth year 
 of his Majefty's reign, ("the 26th of Auguft 
 
 1759O 
 
 At the back of this is the feai of Zecah al 
 
 Doulat Tidaudin Caun Bahadour, who is Caun 
 Samaun or Steward to his Majefty, whofe prero- 
 gative it is to grant this Order. 
 
 'itrcvt- 
 
1759- S U R A T. 329 
 
 Tranjlation of an ORDER, under the Fizier's 
 feal, to Scwd Moynodeen Cmm, Governor of Surat, 
 regarding the payment of the Tanka on account of 
 the fleet to the Honourable Company., &c. 
 
 TO the brave, noble, renowned, and careful 
 Sciad Moynodeen Caun Bahadour, on whom 
 is his Majefty's favour. The Vakeel of the En- 
 glifh Company having reprefented, that as the De- 
 roga, or poft of the great fleet, belonging to the 
 Bunder of Surat, under the Subah of Amedabad, 
 on the difmiffion of Siddee Yacood Caun, Killidar 
 of Dunde Rajahpore, from the faid poft, had been 
 granted his conllituents, he hoped that a Perwan- 
 nah or order for the Tanka, and account of the 
 troops of the fleet, as has been ufual fmce the 
 time of him, who is now in Heaven (meaning 
 Aurungzebej among the other charges of Surat, 
 exclufive of what is fent to Court, might be given 
 him, in your name, from the Archieves of the 
 Kingdom, it appears, that this office was in the hands 
 of Siddee Yacood Caun, and that in the twenty- 
 third year of the reign of Mamud Shaw, he pro- 
 cured an Order on Teg Beg Caun then Governor, 
 for the annual payment of two lack, according 
 to cufliom, befidcs what was fent to Court. Now 
 in thefe days the office of Deroga of this fleet, 
 on the difmiflion of Siddee Yacood Caun, has been 
 granted to the faid Company, as has been ufual, 
 under the Duftuck, or Order of the Caun Samaun 
 (or fteward) and dated the fecond of Mohoram, 
 and the fixth year of the prefent reign, therefore 
 I now write to you that you may pay unto them, 
 account charges, for the forces of the fleet, the 
 ufual Tanka, of two lack every year, agreeable 
 to the hereafter Order, among the other charges, 
 exclufive of what is fent to Court, and let the 
 accounts and papers relative thereto be tranfmitted 
 
 hither 
 
330 S U R A T. 1759. 
 
 hither. Dated the twenty-fifth of Mohoram, and 
 the fixth year of the reign of his prefent Majefty, 
 (or 1 8th of September, 1759.) 
 
 On the back of this Perwanna, is the Vizier's 
 feal, and the zimra or certificate from the feveral 
 officers and regifters at court, fetting forth, as is 
 above related in the Perwannah, and that the Vi- 
 zier had given orders for regiftering the feveral 
 grants. 
 
 HOUSBUL HOOWM, under the feal of the Nabob 
 Vizier^ Ulma Maleck Bahadour^ 10 the Euglijh com- 
 pany accompanying the Phirmaund. 
 
 A Y his Majefty's favour ever remain upon 
 
 _ the brave and noble Englilh company. It 
 
 has pleafed his Majefty to grant unto you the 
 office of Killedar (or caflle governor) of the Bun- 
 der of Surat, vacant by the difmiliion of Hoffis 
 A mud Cawn i as alfo the office of Deroga of the 
 great fleet of the Vaid Bunder, vacant by the dif- 
 miffion of Siddee Yacood Cawn. Therefore, agree- 
 able to his order, you are now directed to take 
 particular care of the proper execution of the 
 above offices, by looking well to the welfare of 
 the caflle, and p:efervation of the merchants, Src. 
 on the high feas, keeping them clear of pirates 
 and rovers, who may infeft them. This is pofitively 
 required of you. 
 
 HOUSEUL HOOKUM, from the Fizier to Governor 
 Bourcbier. 
 
 IT has pleafed his Majefty, to grant unto the 
 brave and noble Englifli Company, the office 
 of Killedar of the Bunder of Surat, vacant by the 
 difmiflion of Hoffis Amud Cawn-, as alfo the office 
 of Deroga, of the great fleet of the faid Bunder, 
 vacant by the difmilfion of Siddee Yacood Cawn •, 
 
 there- 
 
1759- GOMBROON. 331 
 
 therefore agreeable to his order this is wrote to 
 you, to diredl, that according to the direcflions and 
 advice of the faid Company, you take all the care 
 in your power for the proper execution of the faid 
 offices, by looking well to the welfare of the caftlc, 
 and prefervation of the trade and merchants on the 
 liigh feas, from pirates, and other rovers. — Of this 
 you are defired to be very careful. 
 
 HOUSBUL HOO KUM^to Mr. Spencer, the 
 /nine as above, except two or three words which are 
 almoji fynonimous. 
 
 1 Atchnnd the fame, directing him to give the 
 company all the ajjijiance he can in the execution of 
 thefe offices. 
 
 GOMBROON. 
 
 {.^759-] A B O U T fifteen degrees weft of Surat, 
 Jf\^ the Eaft-India company have a fmall 
 Tettlement, called Gombroon, which being remote 
 from the reft, and what is more, unfortified, could 
 never have had a place in the account of the 
 war in India, had not the French thought pro- 
 per to befet this defencelefs fadtory with all the 
 parade of a fiege, and to crown their hoftilities with 
 the pompous form of a capitulation. 
 
 The articles in this capitulation, which relate 
 to the Count d'Eftaing, have fo greatly furpri- 
 zed the military gentlemen, before whom he gave 
 his parole, that it is evident they will be new to 
 all thofe who come from the coaft of Coromandel : 
 therefore to fatisfy them of the truth of fo ex- 
 traordinary a proceeding, the capitulation is here 
 publifhed, together v/ith an account of the whole 
 tranfaclion. 
 
 Gom- 
 
332 GOMBROON. 1759. 
 
 Gombroon is an European name for the famous 
 Bunder-Aballi, which was built by Shaw Abbas 
 when he ruined Ormus. Ormus, that jewel of 
 the world, as it was called, is at this prefent 
 time a rocky ifland fo entirely covered with fair, 
 that there is fcarce any part of it but w'nat is 
 crufted over with it, at lead two inches thick. 
 In all places where they dig, is to be found rock 
 fait, and confequently there are no pools, neicher 
 are there any fprings of frefh water ; notwithftan- 
 ding which, the Portuguefe, from its advantage- 
 ous fituation for trade, built a very elegant city 
 there, with a ftrong fortification : but near two 
 hundred years ago, the Perfians, with the alfiftance 
 of the EngHfh, expelled the Portuguefe from it, 
 The great Shaw Abbas Sophi of Perfia, when he 
 removed the trade to Gombroon, on the oppofite 
 (hore, granted the Englifh great privileges in com- 
 merce, and a proportion of the cuftoms of that 
 port, which amounted to near 4000/. per annum \ 
 but thefe advantages they have loft by the unhap- 
 py flate of the country, which has long been in 
 confufion and anarchy. 
 
 The Englifh eflablilhed a fadlory here on account 
 of the great demand for woollen goods from Per- 
 fia, before that country was impoverifhed by the 
 troubles. The air of Gombroon is fo unhealthy 
 from the hot winds, that even the natives them- 
 felves fly from it in the bad feafon, but knowing 
 the time when the fhips are to be expeded ; they 
 come down with caravans, and carry off their lading. 
 As there was therefore no occafion for large ware- 
 houfes, the company never erected any fortifications, 
 but only fecured the houlc in which their Agent, 
 or Chief, and his clerks lived, with a very Imall 
 party of foldiers, icarcely fufRcient to ferve as a defence 
 againft robbers. 
 
 The Moorifh governor of this place, is Moolah 
 Allee Shaw, who ought to be fubordmate to the 
 
 governor 
 
»759- GOMBROON. 333 
 
 governor of Lhor, as the governor of Lhor fhould 
 himfelf be fubject to the Sophi of Perfia ; but the 
 troubles and total want of government through- 
 out all Perfia, have made them both in a manner 
 independent. The remains of fome ftrong forti- 
 fications at Ormiis afford a fecure retreat for the 
 governor of Gombroon, vihen the adjacent part of 
 the continent is difturbed ; and when it is quiet 
 he comes to Gombroon, collects the culloms, and 
 very often endeavours to extort loans from the 
 Europeans, by laying difficulties in the way of their 
 trade, and terrifying them with liis Arabs, It was 
 by fuch means that Moolah Allee Shaw very lately 
 prevailed with the Dutch to comply with his re- 
 queft of a loan which they had at firll refufed. 
 Thefe Arabs are very ungovernable and infolent, 
 and when they have been taken in the adt of 
 plundering, feveral of their tribe have run out of 
 the fort and wounded our people who were car- 
 rying the delinquents before the governor ; and 
 though application has been made for redrefs to 
 Moolah Allee Shaw, he never could be prevailed 
 on to chaftife them, but always excufed himfelf, 
 by alledging that they were a tribe which no body 
 dared to punilli but Sheik Rama. Such inftru- 
 ments had Moolah Allee Shaw, to employ for the 
 gratification of his avarice ; and from his own 
 difpofition he was glad of every opportunity to make 
 ufeof them. 
 
 On the 15th of Odober, 1759, the French, with 
 four fliips under Dutch colours, one of which was 
 a vefTel of fixty-four guns, and one of twenty- 
 two, landed to the weftward of Gombroon. They 
 advanced with two mortars and four pieces of 
 cannon, and began to batter the fadory, which 
 was not a fortification, but only a ftrong houfe. 
 The Agent and his clerks, together with the crew 
 of the Speedwe.l, which was burnt by the French, 
 did not exceed the number of fixteen men, againft 
 
 whom 
 
334 GOMBROON. 1755. 
 
 whom the French brought at lead a hundred and 
 fifty Europeans, and as many Coffres. The fmail 
 number of Englifh who were there, did w^hat they 
 could to defend it ; as to the Topades and Sepoys, 
 few of them would ftand to the guns. 
 
 About eleven o'clock, being high water, the 
 twenty-two gun fhip hauled within about a quar- 
 ter of a mile of the fadtory, and began to fire : 
 at the fame time thofe who were alhore played 
 upon it with their mortars and guns from the 
 weftward. At about three in the afternoon a 
 fummons was fent from the French camp. Upon 
 a confultation held in the faftory, the military 
 gentlemen were of opinion that the houfe was 
 not tenable ^ it was therefore unanimoufly agreed 
 to furrender upon the beft terms that could be 
 procured, and thereupon the following capitulation was 
 ligned. 
 
 Articles of capitulaiion for the Eaji-India compnnys 
 fa^ory of Gombroon^ between Alexander Douglas 
 Efquire^ chief of the faid fettlement and council^ 
 and Monfieur Des Effars^ captain of his moft 
 Chrijiian Majefiys fhip Condi, and comm inder in 
 chief of the prefent expedition^ and Monfeur Charnyau^ 
 captain^ commander of ihe land forces. 
 
 Article I. So foon as the prefent capitula- 
 tion is figned, a detachment of French troops are 
 to take polfeirion of the fadory ; the keys are 
 to be delivered to the commanding officer, and 
 no perfon is to come in, or go out, without his 
 pcrmiiTion, as he will take care to prevent diforders 
 and thefts. 
 
 II. AH effe(fts of what kind foever contained 
 in the fadory, are to belong to the befiegers, and 
 are to be delivered to the French commiiTary, 
 with all books and papers in polTelhon of the be- 
 fieged ; the befiegers are to be fhewn the ware- 
 
 houfes. 
 
1759- GOMBROON. 335 
 
 boufes, that they may place the neceflary centi- 
 nels over them. The artillery, arms, ammunition, 
 provifions, money, merchandize and flaves, in ge- 
 neral ev^ery thing contained within the fa(5tory, are 
 comprehended in this article. 
 
 III. The Chief, the Garrifon-fadors, writers, and 
 all Europeans in the fervice of the Englifh Eaft- 
 India company, in general all the fubje(::ts of his 
 Britannick Majefty in the fadtory are to be priibners 
 of war, under the following claufes only. 
 
 IV. Whereas Monfieur d'Eftaing, brigadier of 
 foot, and formerly a prifoner of his Britannick Ma- 
 jefty, is now on board the fliip Conde in his way 
 to Europe, by the vvay of BufTorah, being defirous 
 of rendering more fecure the intelligence received 
 of an exchange having been made in his behalf, 
 between Mr. Pigor, governor of Madrafs, and Mon- 
 fieur Lally, lieutenant-general ; it is now agreed 
 between the befiegers and befieged, that Alexander 
 Douglas, Efquire, chief of the Englifh Eaft-india 
 Company's factory at Gombroon, with William 
 Nafb, Enfign Johnfton, Dymoke Lyfter, Lieute- 
 nant George Eembow, Lieutenant Richard Evans, 
 and Richard Main waring, are lawfully exchanged 
 for Monlieur d'Eftaing ; and they are at full li- 
 berty to go where and to what places they pleafe, 
 in confequence of which, Monfieur d'Eftaing, is un- 
 der no other claufe than what is fpecified in the fixth 
 article. 
 
 V. Though the prefent exchange of prifoners is 
 an unnecelTary precaution in behalf of Monfieur 
 d'Eftaing, yet all perfons mentioned in the prece- 
 ding article are ablblutely free, but fhould Mon- 
 fieur d'Eftaing have been already exchanged as he 
 undoubtedly is in that cafe, for the feven perfons 
 already mentioned who now enjoy their liberty, 
 
 . a like number, and of equal ftation of his moft 
 Chriftian iVjajefty's fubjeds, are to be releafed when- 
 ever a cartel is made. 
 
 VI. 
 
336 GOMBROON 1755^. 
 
 VI. Monfieur d'Ellaing, in order to fulfil with 
 the greatell exaclitude the promife he made go- 
 vernor Pigot, that he would not take up arms 
 againft the Englifh on the Coromandel coaft only, 
 for the fpace of eighteen months, reckoning from 
 the firft of May, one thoufand feven hundred and 
 fifty-nine : defires it may be inferted in the prefent 
 capitulation, that notwithftanding he is now ex- 
 changed, yet he will keep the promife he made 
 gov^ernor Pigot, of not taking up arms againft the 
 Englifh on the Coromandel coaft only, for the fpace 
 of eighteen months, but he is at free liberty in all 
 other places to take arms, 
 
 VII. If it is polfible to agree about the re-pur- 
 chafing of Gombroon fadory, it will be looked on 
 as a part of the prefent capitulation, the befiegers 
 referving to themfelves the liberty ncverthelefs to 
 do therewith as they may think fit, fhould no agree- 
 ment be concluded with the befieged. 
 
 VIII. In confideration of the exchange of Mon- 
 fieur d'Eftaing, and at his particular requeft to Mon- 
 fieur Des EiTars, Alexander Douglas, Efquire, chief 
 of the Englilh Eaft-India Company's fettlements of 
 Gombroon, and all others mentioned in the fourth 
 article, have liberty, and may carry away all their 
 own effects of what kind or fort foever, except- 
 ing ammunition, provifions, marine, military, or 
 warlike ftores. 
 
 Dated at Gombroon the fourteenth day of 
 
 06\ober at fix o'clock in the morning, and in 
 
 the year of our Lord one thoufand feven hundred 
 
 and fifty nine. 
 
 7^ T^rr Alexander Dou?;lci5. 
 
 Des Zprs ^^.^.^^^^ ^_,^ ■s 
 
 Charnyau. ^,.^^^^,.^ ^^/„^^^ 
 
 As it muft appear very extraordinary that the 
 Count d'Eftaing fliould chufe to have his name 
 fo often mentioned in the capitulation, the impof- 
 
 fibility 
 
1759- GOMBROON. 33) 
 
 fibiiity of his having had the inteUigence he pre- 
 tends to have received, will make it jftill more 
 lurpiizing : for it is a certain fad, that there had 
 not been even an attempt made towards his exchange. 
 The parole he gave was in the ufual form not to 
 ferve diredly or indirectly againft the Engliflj, 
 during the prefent war, or till he fhould be regu- 
 larly exchanged. 
 
 On the twelfth, while the French were {land- 
 ing into the road. Moolah Allee Shaw came to the 
 factory, and gave the agent all imaginable aflTu- 
 rances of his affording him affiftance, and that if 
 the French attempted to land, he would do what 
 was in his power to prevent it ^ but when the agent 
 fent to him in the morning, acquainting him, that 
 they were approaching the fhore in order to land, 
 inftead of performing his promiie he remained qui- 
 et in his fort, and though about ten o'clock, he 
 was defired to fend a few men to our affiftance, 
 he abfolutely refufed. The reafon he affigned 
 for not fulfilling his offers was, that one of his 
 fhips (then at anchor in the road) was in the pow- 
 er of the French, and that if he aliifted us with 
 any men, they would carry her away. His fear 
 and prefent intereft gO'/erned him at that time, 
 and foon after the French landed, he fent therti 
 luch refrefhments of greens and fruits as the feafon 
 afforded, offering to fupply them with whatever was in 
 his power. 
 
 The French during their {lay paid little regard 
 to the anicle.s of capitulation. On the 30th of 
 Odober, at about twelve o'clock at night, they 
 went on board their fliips, having lirfl fet fire to 
 the fadory. They dug mines in fever al parts 
 thereof, fome of which took effed j they had like- 
 wife fixed combuftibles to the beams of the apart- 
 ments and warehoufes. The greateft part of the 
 wall of the eaft-fide of the fadory was blown up, 
 and the cieling "and floor of the apartments of 
 
 Y " the 
 
538 GOMBROON. 1759, 
 
 the wcfl fide were burnt. Moolah Alice Shaw's 
 people took away the beams, planks, and window- 
 frames, and let fire to all the doors and other 
 wood -work, for the fake of the iron that was in 
 them. 
 
 Had Moolah Allee Shaw acf^ed a becoming parr, 
 many valuables might have been faved, after the 
 French evacuated the factory ; for they left up- 
 wards of thirty thoufand maunds of copper, with 
 feveral other goods, which they could neither carry 
 away nor dellroy : but notwithflanding all the ap- 
 plications that were made to him, inflead of pla- 
 cing people to prevent thefts, and fecure what 
 remained, or even to extinguifh the fire, he gave 
 the faiftory up to a general pillage ; and in a 
 vifit he made the agent, he had the aflurance 
 publickly to confefs, he believed there was not 
 a man in the town but had his fhare of plun- 
 der. What with the copper, and other goods 
 the French gave Moolah Allee Shaw before their 
 departure, and the copper v/hich he clandeftinely 
 carried to Ormus, he was fuppofed to have got in 
 the whole to the amount of fixty thoufand roupees, 
 (not reckoning the guns which the French left 
 behind) and his whole gang of Arabs enriched 
 themfelves proportionably. As for fuch of che 
 lower clafs of inhabitants as had got any booty 
 of copper. Moolah Allee Shaw obliged them to fell 
 it to him, at the rate of two roupees the maund : 
 but the Arabs had the precaution to (end their plun- 
 der to their different habitations. 
 
 The French and Moolah Allee Shaw, entered 
 into articles of alliance, wherein it was agreed that 
 there fhould be an everlafting friendlliip between 
 them, that his ports and velfels Hiould be fecure,, 
 and that whofoever were Moolah Allee Shaw's 
 enemies, fhould likewife be enemies of the French 
 nation. The writing given by them was in the 
 French language, figned by Monf D'Eflaing, the 
 
 counter- 
 
1757- REVOLUTIONS AT DELLI. ^59 
 
 counterpart given by Moolah Allee Shaw was in the 
 Perfian language. 
 
 REVOLUTIONS at DELLI. 
 
 [1757.] T T has already been related by .what means 
 X the Revolution at Delli was brought about 
 in the year * x754. 
 
 In the beginning of the year 1757, Ahmed 
 Abdalla, the Pattan Chief, marched to Delli, 
 and took Allum Geer, and all the Omrahs pri- 
 foners. 
 
 After having kept pofiTeflion of the capital for 
 fome time, he at length on the fixth of June, 
 fent for the Mogul to his tent, where he 
 received him with great honour, and replaced him 
 on the throne, having firft fecured to himfelf as 
 large a treafure as could be expeded from the 
 low ftate of the finances of the Empire. He then 
 proceeded to Agra, and feizing the revenues of' 
 that diftridt, marched to Lahore, from whence he 
 iffued his orders to ail the neighbouring Nabobs, 
 and Rajas, that they fhould acknowledge them- 
 felves in fubjedion to his Ton Timur, whom he 
 then proclaimed King of Lahore. Having thus 
 inverted his fon with the dominion of a Country 
 from whence he propofed that he fhould alfo fu- 
 perintend the affairs of Indoftan, he returned to 
 his own Country, recommending to Timur to treat 
 the Mogul wirh continued marks of regard and 
 friendlhip. 
 
 Shaw Abadin Cawn, the fon of Gauzedy Cawn, 
 and confequently the true Vice-Roy of the Deckan, 
 «hofe rather to fuffer his right to be ufurped by 
 Salabatzing than relinquifh the office of Vizier, 
 
 ♦ See Page t i o, 
 
 y 2 which 
 
340 REVOLUTIONS AT DELLI. 1737. 
 
 which gave him fo great an afcendency over the 
 Mogul, and confequcntly an unbounded power in 
 the Empire. But as all power is precarious, the 
 ions of the Emperor became daily more formida- 
 ble to the Vizier, and created him continual trou- 
 ble and jealoufy. At length about the end of the 
 year 1759, to free himfelf from all folicitude of 
 that kind, he refolved on the murder of his ma- 
 fter, in order that he mrght place in his ftead a 
 more inconfiderable reprefentative of the Royal 
 Family, who fliould be lefs refpec^able in him- 
 felf, and not fo formidable by the fupport of his 
 children or other relations. As thefe were the 
 great obftacles to the ambition of the Vizier, they 
 were no lefs fo to the execution of his prefent de- 
 lign : therefore to remove them from the capital, 
 he propofed a hunting-match, and took with him 
 the fons of the Mogul, and the greateft part of 
 his friends to a great diflance from Delli. The 
 next difficulty was to overcome the fufpicions of 
 the Mogul, and the fuperflitious principles of the 
 Moors, who thoug.h they are ready to execute any 
 kind of villainy, can never be brought to mur- 
 der their Sovereign in the fanftuary of his own 
 palace. 
 
 It was well known that Allum Geer had a moft 
 particular veneration for the Fakeers -, and the 
 Vizier v/as fenfible that unlefs the Emperor could 
 be prevailed on, by a motive of devotion, to come 
 from under his roof, no other inducement could 
 ever engage him to abandon what he \vould con- 
 fider as his only protection in the abfence of his 
 friends. Every thing being concerted accordingly, 
 before the departure of Shaw Abadin Cawn, the 
 creatures of that Minifter came to the Mogul, 
 and informed him that a Fakeer of moft emi- 
 nent fandity was in the garden, and though it 
 was with great reludance that the Emperor yield- 
 ed to the dictates of his zeal, he was at length 
 
 by 
 
1759. REVOLUTIONS AT DELLL 341 
 
 by their perfuafions, prevailed on to go out and 
 rneet this holy perfon, whom he had long expreft a 
 defire to fee. He had not advanced many fteps in 
 the garden, when too Moors in the habit of Fakeers, 
 came fuddenly behind liim, put a noofe vibout his 
 neck, and then ftabbed him with fpears till he died 
 on the fpot. 
 
 As foon as the Vizier was informed of the death 
 of his mailer, he immediately confined his fons, and 
 all the friends of Allum Geer, who were then w ith 
 him, and placing on the throne one of the Royal 
 Family, whom he thought the moit convenient for 
 his purpofes, went himfelf diredly to join an army 
 of Marattas, who were waiting for him about thirty 
 miles from Delli. 
 
 It was not long before the Pattans, equally dif- 
 pleafed with the V^izier for his conduct, and the Ma- 
 rattas for interfering in the government of Delli, 
 marched a confiderable force againfl them, and com- 
 ing up with them at a place called Paniput, near a 
 hundred miles from Delli, they killed the Maratta 
 Genera!, and put the army to flight, which retreated 
 till they were joined by another body of their own 
 troops. They were purfued by the Pattans, and 
 routed again in another engagement. 
 
 Ahamed Abdalla then entered Delli, and placed 
 his fon Timur upon the throne ; and orders were 
 iifued out to all the Rajas and Governors in the 
 neighbourhood, to exert their utmoft endeavours to 
 prevent the Marattas from approaching the city. 
 
 NAVAL OPERATIONS. 
 
 ['759-]l\.TOtwithftanding the attention of the rea- 
 
 X\j der has been long fuipended from the 
 
 Coaft of Coromandel, the principal objedl: of this 
 
 work ', it is expedient here to give an account of the 
 
 Y s engage- 
 
j42 NAVAL OPERATIONS. 1759. 
 
 engagement at fea in 1759, and here conclude the 
 Naval Operations. This will afford an opportunity 
 of purfuing afterwards the affairs of the Coaft with- 
 out interruption, as far as they can be afcertained by 
 the lateft accounts. 
 
 Vice Admiral Pocock having refitted his fquadron 
 at Bombay, and made it ready for the fca by the 
 feventh of April, j 759, failed on that day for the 
 Coaft of Coromandel, ufing his utmofl endeavours 
 to get round Ceylon before the French fleet, which 
 were expected foon to fail from the Iflands of iVJau^- 
 ritius and Bourbon. 
 
 Having gained this necefl'ary point, he continued 
 in the proper ftations to intercept the Enemy, or 
 protecfl our own trade, till the third of Auguft, and 
 then, as the feafon advanced, proceeded to cruize 
 off Pondichery, in hourly expedation of the Enemy. 
 The whole month being paft without any advice of 
 the French fquadron, which had fo long been expec- 
 ted, provifions and water grew fhort, and the Ad- 
 miral was obliged while he continued to cruize for 
 the Enemy, to proceed to Trincomalay the fiifl of 
 September to water the fbips, as he found it very 
 difficult to water them at Negapatam. He had dif- 
 patched the Company's frigate Revenge a few days 
 before, with orders to proceed of^' Ceylon, and look 
 out for the Enemy. The fecond, at ten in the fore- 
 noon, they faw from the maft-head fifteen fail in the 
 S. E. quarter, ftanding to the N. E. which proved to 
 be the Enemy's fleet, and foon after perceived the 
 Revenge chaced by one of their frigates, which fired 
 feveral fhot at her. Upon this the Admiral made 
 the fign^l for a general chace, and ftood towards 
 them with all the fail he could make, which obliged 
 the Enemy's frigate to give over chace, and rejoin 
 her own fquadron. The abatement of the wind 
 prevented our getting near them when the day clo- 
 fed. 
 
 The 
 
1759. NAVAL OPERATIONS. 343 
 
 The French line confided of eleven fail of large 
 {hips. Le Zodiaque, M. D'Ache, Lieutenant-Ge- 
 neral, feventy-four guns, and fix hundred and fixty 
 men. The Minotaur, M. L'Aguille, Chef D'Efca- 
 dre, feventy-four guns, fix hundred and fixty men. 
 Le Comte de Provence, M. La Chaife, feventy-four 
 guns, fix hundred and fixty men, Le Centaur, M. 
 Surville, feventy guns, fix hundred and fixty men. 
 L'Adif, M. Beauchaine, L'llluftre, M. De Ruis, 
 and La Fortune, M. Lobry, all of fixty- four guns, 
 and fix hundred men. Le Vengeur, M. Palliere, 
 fixty-four guns, and five hundred men. Le Due 
 D'Orleans, M. Surville le Cader, Le St. Louis, M. 
 Johannes, Le Due de Eourgogne, M. Benvet, all of 
 fixty guns, and five hundred men. They had two 
 frigates, and two ftore-fhips. 
 
 This extraordinary force, like which none had ever 
 yet been Ceen in the Indian feas, was chafed, invited, 
 and in vain provoked to fight, by a much inferior 
 ftrength ; for the Englifli Iquadron were no more 
 than nine fhips of the line, of which two were only 
 fifty-gun fhips, and the largeil carried no more than 
 fixty-eight guns. They were the Yarmouth, Vice- 
 Admiral Pocock, Captain Harrilbn, fixty-lix guns, 
 five hundred and forty men. The Grafton, Rear- 
 Admiral Stevens, Captain Kempenfelt, fixty-eight 
 guns, five hundred and thirty eight men. The 
 Elizabeth, Captain Tiddeman, fixty-four guns, four 
 hundred and eighty men. The Tyger, Captain 
 Brereton, the Sunderland, t^onourable Captain Col- 
 ville, the Weymouth, Sir William Eaird, Baronet ; 
 all of fixty guns, four hundred and twenty men. 
 The * Cumberland, Captain Somerfet, fifty-eight 
 guns, five hundred and twenty men. The New- 
 caflle, Captain Michie, and the Salifbury, Captain 
 Dent, each of fifty guns, three hundred and fifty 
 
 * The Cumberland being weak and difabled was reduced from 
 66 guns to 58. 
 
 Y4 men. 
 
344 NAVAL OPERATIONS. 1759 
 
 men. There were alfo three frigates and a firefhip 
 From hence will appear, the difproportion of the two 
 fquadrons, which was fo great that the French had a 
 faperiority of one hundred and ninety two guns, and 
 two tlioufand, three hundred and fixty five men, 
 befides the great advantage in the fize of their fhips. 
 
 Notwithftanding fo apparent an inequality, the 
 French endeavoured by taking the opportunity of the 
 duik, and falling off of the wind, to fteal away 
 undiicovered, but were fruftrated in this defign by 
 the Revenge, who having orders to make fail to the 
 S. E. and try. to keep in light of them, about eleven 
 at night, made a fignal for difcovering the enemy, 
 and then the whole fleet bore dovvn towaixls them. 
 
 About one in the morning of the third, a heavy 
 fquall coming on, v/hich continued till three, obliged 
 us to bring to, and clew up our top-fails. At day- 
 light we faw the Enemy's fleet bearing N. E. by N. 
 0bout five or fix leagues difl:ant. The Admiral then 
 made the fignal for a general chace to the N. E. 
 Point Pedro on the Illand of Ceylon bearing Wefl, 
 diftant fix or feven leagues. At nine, the Enemy's 
 fleet bore N. E. by E. and were formed in a line of 
 battle, a-head on the ftarboard-tack, with the wind 
 about W. N. W. A little after nine, the Admiral 
 made the fignal for the line of battle a-breafl:, and 
 flood for the center of the Enemy's fleet, which kept 
 iinder-way, and appealed to go from the wind ; by 
 which means we altered their bearings greatly, ft>r 
 by noon they bore S. E. by E. diftant fix or feven 
 miles. The wind decreafing as the day advanced, 
 \ye were not able to form our IIhc till near Sun-fet, 
 two of our fquadron the Tyger and Newcaflle failing 
 very ill, though they made all the fail they could 
 croud. 
 
 About a quarter after five our fquadron being 
 nearly a-breaft of the Enemy, they wore and came 
 to the v^ind on the other tack, upon which our fliips 
 tackt, the rear firft, and fleered with the Enemy's 
 
 fqua- 
 
1759- NAVAL OPERATIONS. 34^ 
 
 fquadron. We were now about four miles diftant 
 with very little wind, had fcarcely fteerage-way, and 
 continued fo till near ten, when a frefh breeze fprung 
 up from the S. S. W, on which we hauled clofe to 
 the wind under our topfails, and formed the line 
 a-head. This fhift of wind, brought the Enemy a- 
 flern, and a little upon the weather quarter of our 
 line, but foon after, it proving hazy, we loft fight of 
 them. "It is remarkable they made no fignal in this 
 or the preceding night, either with guns or lights. 
 The Revenge was fcnt to look out a-ftern, but not 
 being able to difcover them, was ordered to keep a- 
 head, with better fuccefs ; for about eight next morn- 
 ing, the Revenge made the fignal for feeing four 
 fail to the N. E. A general chace was begun by the 
 whole fquadron, and continued till near two in the 
 afternoon, at which time feeing no more than two 
 fhips, and finding he could not come up with thofe, 
 the Admiral made the fignal for the Revenge to 
 come into the fquadron, then ftood to the north- 
 ward, and made all the fail he CDuld to get off Pon- 
 dichery, juftly concluding the French fquadron was 
 bound thither. 
 
 The Admiral arrived off Pondichery on the eighth 
 early in the morning and faw no fhips in the road, 
 but at one o'clock in the afternoon difcovered the 
 enemy to the S. E. and by three, counted thirteen 
 fail, he was then ftanding to the fouthward with 
 the fea breeze, and to prevent their palfing him kept 
 a good look out the following night. At half an 
 hour paft fix in the morning of the ninth, he faw 
 part of the Enemy's fquadron to the S, W. and by 
 nine counted fixteen fail. At two in the afternoon, 
 the wind fpringing up, the Admiral made the fignal 
 for a general chace, and at four, the Enemy appear- 
 ed to be formed in a line of battle a-breaft, and 
 fteered right down upon him. The Revenge was 
 ordered to keep (during the night) between our 
 fquadron and the Enemy, to obferve their motions. 
 
 The 
 
346 NAVAL OPERATIONS. 1759. 
 
 The tenth, at fix in the morning, the body of the 
 French fquadron bore S. E. by S, diftant eight or 
 nine miles, and was formed in a line of battle a-head, 
 on the {larboard tack. We continued bearing down 
 on them in a line of battle a-breaft, with the wind 
 about N. \V. by W. At ten the Enemy wore and 
 formed the line a-head upon the larboard tack. At 
 eleven we did the fame, and kept edging down up- 
 on them. At two in the afternoon, the Yarmouth 
 being nearly a-breaft of the French Admiral's fecond 
 in the rear, and within mufquet fhot, M. D'Ache, 
 made the fignal for battle. The Admiral immedi- 
 ately did the fame, on which both fquadrons began 
 to cannonade each other with great fury, and con- 
 tinued hotly engaged till four, when the Enetny's 
 rear, and foon after their center, began to give way ; 
 the Sunderland having got up fome time before, and 
 engaged their ftern-moft fhip. Their van made fail, 
 flood on, and with their whole fquadron bore away, 
 and fleered to the S. S, E. with all the fail they could 
 .make. 
 
 As four of our fhips in the van had fuflained a 
 hot fire from fix of the Enemy's largeft fhips during 
 two hours : after fo great a difadvantage, we were 
 in no condition to purine ; for the Tyger having her 
 mizen-maft and maintop-maft fhot away, appeared 
 in other refpeds to be greatly difabled : The New- 
 callle was much damaged in her mafts, yards, and 
 rigging ; and the Cumberland and Salifbury in the 
 rear, were not in a condition to make fail. The 
 Yarmouth had her foretop-fail-yard fnot away in the 
 flings ; and the Grafton and Elizabeth were greatly 
 difabled in their mafts, yards, and rigging. The 
 Weymouth and Sunderland, the only fhips that had 
 not fuffered, could not get properly into adion, as 
 M. D'Ache began to engage before they could clofe, 
 and by that means thofe two were precluded from 
 their fhare in the engagement, lo that only feven 
 
 of 
 
1759- NAVAL OPERATIONS. 34^ 
 
 of our fhips received the whole fire of the Enemy's 
 fleet till near the conclufion, and then only eight. 
 
 The Enemy continued retreating to the louthvvard 
 till dark, at which time the Admiral, ordering the 
 Revenge, as ufual, to keep betv/een him and tlie 
 Enemy, lay to, with the fquadron, on the larboard- 
 tack ; in order for the difabled lliips to repair their 
 damages. At day -light in the morning, we faw the 
 Enemy to the S. S, E. lying to alfo on the larboard- 
 tack about four leagues diflant ; the wind being 
 about weft. The Enemy upon feeing our fquadron, 
 immediately wore and brought to on the other tack, 
 >and continued fo till the evening, when their diftance 
 was fo much increafed that we could fcarcely dif- 
 cern them from the main-top. At this time the 
 wind coming to the eaftward, the Admiral wore and 
 flood under an eafy fail to the N, W. the Sunder- 
 land having the Newcaftle in tow, the Weymouth 
 the Tyger, and the Elizabeth the Cumberland. 
 
 The French having received lefs damage in their 
 rigging (though they were very much fhattered in 
 their hulls, and fuffered a lofs of near fifteen hun- 
 dred men killed and wounded) were enabled now to 
 gain the only point they feemed to be folicitous of 
 obtaining. They failed diredly for Pondichery, and 
 landed four hundred European feamen, (for they 
 brought no troops) two hundred Coffrees, about two 
 or three lack of roupees, and the diamonds which 
 they found in the Grantham Indiaman, for that fhip 
 had been taken by the French near the Cape, in her 
 paffage home. The value of the diamonds might 
 be about two lack more. 
 
 Our lofs was very cqnfiderable, though greatly 
 inferior to that of the Enemy. We had one hun- 
 dred and eighteen men flain in adlion, and fixty-fix 
 cjied of their wounds. Befides thefe, a hundred and 
 twenty-two were dangeroufly wounded, and two 
 hundred and fixty-three (lightly, fo that our whole 
 number killed and wounded, amounted to five hun- 
 dred 
 
348 NAVAL OPERATIONS. 1759. 
 
 dred and fixry nine men. Amongfl: the (lain was 
 Captain Michie, who commanded the Nevvcaftle, 
 Captain Gore of the Marines, and Lieutenant Red- 
 fhaw, both of the Nevvcallle. Lieutenant Elliot, and 
 the Gunner of the Tyger, the Mafter of the Yar- 
 mouth, and Boatfwain of the Elizabeth. Captain 
 Somerfet, who commanded the Cumberland, was 
 wounded in one of his ankles, and Captain Burton 
 received a contuhon on his head. All the ofticers 
 and feamen in general behaved with the greatell 
 bravery and fpirit during the atlion, and by the vi- 
 gour and conftancy of their fire obliged tlie Enemy 
 to retreat, notwithftanding their great fiiperiority. 
 
 The Admiral having loft all hopes of renewing the 
 engagement, on the fifteenth ftood into the road of 
 Negapatam. There he anchored and continued 
 repairing his damages, and refitting the fquadron 
 till the twenty-fixth, when having put the ihips in 
 as good condition for fervice (as the time permitted) 
 he weighed and ftood to the northward. He was 
 joined by the Revenge, which he had fent with dif- 
 patches to Madrafs, who brought him fixty-three 
 men belonging to the Bridgewater and Triton, who 
 were taken in Fort St. David, and had been ex- 
 changed at Pondichery. Thefe he ordered on 
 board the Tyger and Newcaftle, as thofe v/ere the 
 Ihips which had loft the greateft number of men in 
 the late engagement. 
 
 By this frigate the Governor and Council fent a 
 letter to the Admiral, of which the following is an 
 extradt. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 TH E Revenge anchored here in the night of 
 the fourteenth inftanr, and the next morning 
 we received the honour of your letters, dated the 
 eighth and twelfth inftant, containing advice of your 
 difcovering the enemy's fleet on the fecond, and 
 Sifter much fatigue, bringing them to a(5tion the tenth. 
 
 The 
 
1759. NAVAL OPERATIONS. 349 
 
 The warm fire you fuiiained for two hours with 
 feven fhips againil eleven, and obliging them at lad 
 to make their retreat, will do immortal honour to 
 you and Mr. Stevens, and all the brave officers who 
 have the happinefs to lerve under you ; and we feel 
 much for the commanders of the Weymouth and 
 Sunderland, who were depiived by the nature of the 
 enemy's difpofuion, from coming in for an equal 
 (hare of the glory of the day. We look upon this 
 as the laft effort of the enemy, and well might they 
 boaft of their Superiority ; but the check they have 
 met will fhew them that they are difappointed of the 
 mighty effeds they expeded from this armament. 
 It is fortunate that you found means to force them 
 to an engagement before they reached Pondichery, 
 as the troops they may have brought for landing, 
 have, no doubt, had a fhare in the lofs. As yet we 
 have not heard of their arrival at Pondichery, but 
 we fuppofe them there by this time, as the winds 
 have been ftrong foutherly. After they have landed 
 their troops and ftores, no great advantage can be 
 hoped by engaging them, again, and we would rather 
 take the liberty to recommend the waiting until 
 joined by the reinforcement expelled from England, 
 
 Fort Si. George, 
 16 Sept. 1759. 
 
 The French by their having been fome time at 
 Pondichery, muft have had it in their power to 
 come out from thence well prepared for ad ion : but 
 the Admiral, as he was obliged to pafs them in his 
 way from Negapatam to Madrafs, judged that his 
 doing it in the night would be liable to mifinterpre- 
 tation, and that it would certainly give the enemy 
 reafon to conclude, that we had fuffered Co much in 
 the late adlion as to be defirous of avoiding another 
 engagement j therefore he determined not to pafs 
 the enemy's port without looking into it by day-light. 
 
 The 
 
350 NAVAL OPERATIONS. 1759, 
 
 The twenty-feventh at day-break our fleet were 
 got clofe in with Pondichery road, where the French 
 Iquadron was lying at anchor in a line of battle. 
 The fquadron Mas not in a condition to withftand 
 the fire of both the fhips and fort at once, therefore 
 the Admiral drew into a line of battle a-head upon 
 the ftarboard tack, and was then very near within 
 random fliot of their neareft fhip. The wind being 
 off fhore, and about W. S. W. our fhips lay with 
 their main-top-fails to the mall, juft keeping a pro- 
 per fteerage-way for the line to continue well form- 
 ed. \\ hile our fhips continued in this fituation, the 
 French Admiral made the fignal at fix o'clock to 
 heave a peak, and an hour after to weigh, and by 
 the time all their fquadroji, which confifted of eleven 
 fail of the line, and two frigates, was under fail, it 
 was near ten o'clock, at which time, as the wind 
 was off fliore, our fiiips were confequently driven to 
 leeward of them, and lying as before-mentioned, 
 expeding they would bear down directly and engage ; 
 but M. DWche made the fignal for his fquadron to 
 keep clofe to the wind, and alfo to make fail, and 
 flretched away to the fouthward in a line of battle 
 a-head, by which manoeuvre they increafed their 
 diftance from about random fliot at day- light, to 
 near four leagues to windward at fun-fet. Had they 
 cut or ilippcd their cables on firfl difcovering us, 
 we muft have come to acStion by feven o'clock, and 
 after they got under fail, had they bore diredlly 
 down, we might have been clofe along fide by ele- 
 ven. 
 
 The Admiral was now convinced that the Enemy 
 had no inclination to come to a fecond at5\ion ; and 
 as their whole condud manifefted an intention to get 
 off and make good their retreat to the lllands, he 
 confulted the Rear-Admiral and Captains on their 
 prefent htuation, and the probable confequence of a 
 further purfuit. They all agreed in opinion that 
 the French oflicers being refolved to fatisfy themfelves 
 
 with 
 
1759- NAVAL OPERATIONS. 351 
 
 with the very trifling fervice they had done the Com- 
 pany by Healing in thofe infufticient fnpplies to Pon- 
 dichery, were now determined to avoid any farther 
 engagement ; and that if we purfued with any view 
 of coming up wirh them, they would lead our fhat- 
 tered fquadron quite to their iflands. But befides, 
 that the condition of our iTiips would not permit us 
 to follow them at all to the fouthward, upon fo 
 Jittle pvofped of fervice, there was a more cogent 
 reafon for their immediate return to Madrafs, for at 
 that time there v\as not above two days bread on 
 board the fquadron, and but very little water. 
 
 It w.-js expedient to repair to that port as foon as 
 poifible, in order to get a fupply of provilions and 
 water, for the voyage to Bombay, before the change 
 of the * Monfoon, which was near at hand, at which 
 feafon it is dangerous to remain on thecoalt. There- 
 fore the whole fquadron anchored in Madrafs road 
 on the twenty-eighth, and fuch expedition was ufed in 
 vidualling the Ihips, and adminiftring to the reco- 
 very of the fick and wounded, that they w^re ena- 
 bled to fail again the feventeenth of Od-ober ; and 
 the next day they met Rear- Admiral CornilTi with 
 four fhips of the line, and the Ajax, Stormonr, and 
 Houghton Indiamen, on board of which was Colonel 
 Coote with the greateft part of his battalion. 
 
 * On the Coaft of Corotnandel the wind changes from South to 
 North-Eaft moft commonly between the fifteenth and thirtieth of 
 Odober. It is bell to leave the Coaft between the fifteenth and 
 twentieth, but it is full late to ftay till the end of the month. In 
 order to etfed feme very important fertice, it may be not altogether 
 imprudent to rifque the wintering a fleet in thefe feas, becaufe in In- 
 dia, as in all other places, fome winters are more, and fome lefs 
 tempeftuous than others. In 1741 M. dq Ja Bourdonnais remained 
 on the Coaft without any danger till the twenty-fecond of Oftober, 
 but in I 746 he was furprifed with a ftorm, which funk and damaged 
 his whole fquadron. In 1747, and 1748, the Englifh fleets kept 
 the Coaft, and met with no violent winds during the whole feafon. 
 And on the twenty-fourth of April, 1749, there was a tempeft 
 which deftroyed fifty or fixty velftls of different nations. All that 
 one can infer from hence is, that it is prudent to leave the Coaft in 
 the middle of Odlober. Memoir e M. de la Bourdonnais. See Ap- 
 pendix, page 9. 
 
 Admiral 
 
255 NAVAL OPERATIONS. 1759. 
 
 Admiral Focock ordered all the troops which 
 were brought out in the fhips of war to be put on 
 board the Queenboroiigh, and difpatched her, with 
 tiie three Indiamen for Madrafs, where they ar- 
 rived the twenty-feventh. The whole fquadron 
 now failed for the coaft of Malabar, and in going 
 round Ceylon, they met with fuch hard gales of 
 wind, that the Cumberland and Salifbury made the 
 fignal to fpeak.with the Admiral, being in great dif- 
 trefs from leaks, which they could not keep under 
 with all their pumps. The Salifbury's diftrefs being the 
 greated, the Admiral ordered her to be aliifted with 
 eleven men and an officer from each fhip, for their 
 own people were over tatigued by being kept con- 
 ftantly to the pump ; and notwithftanding this fup- 
 ply of frefh men, and their having thrown overboard 
 thirty of their guns, at the end of two days they 
 found the water itillgain upon them, and were obliged 
 again to make the fignal of diftrefs. Upon this, the 
 Admiral ordered all the boats in the fleet to ftay by the 
 Salifbury to fave the crew, in cafe of the fhip's foun- 
 dering ; and fent Admiral Cornifh and Captain Har- 
 rifon on board, to examine into her fituation before 
 he would too haftily take the people out of her. 
 They immediately ordered frefh men to the pumps, 
 beginning with their own barge-crews, and by this 
 means they foon cleared her, and by the help of a 
 thrummed- fail put under her bottom where the princi- 
 pal leak was, they made it prafticable to keep 
 her free with half her pumps •, and now judging 
 her to be j^o longer in danger, they returned to 
 their own fliips, and the Salifbury made fail the next 
 morning. 
 
 The Admiral being defirous of fending Rear- 
 Admiral Cornifh to the Coall of Coromandel as foon 
 as the feafon would permit, difpatched him with 
 the Lenox, Duke of Aquitain, York, Falmouth, 
 Weymouth and Sunderland, for the Telichery, 
 which was the general rendezvous. The weather be- 
 coming 
 
1759- NAVAL OPERATIONS. 35J 
 
 coming exceeding fine, and the Monfoon appearing 
 to be let in, the Admiral fufTered every fliip to make 
 the beft of her way for the intended port, knowing 
 that a fingle fhip will always make a fpeedier paiTage 
 than a fleet, and as they arrived they might begin 
 to take in their water, and put their fick on fhore. 
 The twentieth of November the Yarmouth arrived 
 at Telichery, as did the Elizabeth and York, and 
 by the thirty-firft the whole fquadron came in. 
 
 That no time might be loft for refitting the fhips at 
 Bombay, and preparing them for their return to 
 the coaft of Corornandel, the Admiral gave orders 
 to Rear- Admiral Stevens on the twenty-fixth, to 
 proceed diredly for Bombay, with thef Grafton, 
 Elizabeth, Tyger, and Salifbury, and followed him-^ 
 felf the twenty-ninth, leaving orders with Admiral 
 Cornifh to fail with the fix fhips under his com- 
 mand to the Coaft of Coromandel on the fifteenth of 
 December, as it was to be hoped the feafon would 
 then be favourable, and the fick and wounded 
 recovered. 
 
 Admiral Pocqck had received orders to return to 
 England, neverthelefs upon the news of frefh 
 difturbances in Bengal, he determined to remairi 
 with the Y'armouth fome time longer, and adled in 
 purfuance of this refolution, till fuch time as advice 
 was received of the entire re-eftabliftiment of the 
 affairs of Bengal, and the fignal vidtory obtained 
 over the French on the Coaft of CoromandeL 
 
 [ 1 760.] Upon fo happy a turn in the affairs of the 
 company, the Admiral thought it now advifeable to 
 comply with the orders for his return, efpecially as he 
 had the fatisfacftion to fee the comm.and devolve on 
 fo brave and experienced an officer as Rear-Admiral 
 Srevens, whofe worth had been proved by his be- 
 haviour in the three engagements, as well as by the 
 conftant harmony which had always fubfifted between 
 them, and his alacrity to concur in any fervice for the 
 honour of his country. 
 
 Z The 
 
554 NAVAL OPERATIONS. 1759. 
 
 The Admiral had himfelf received from the three 
 Prefidencies the flrongeft expreffions of their fenfe 
 of the zeal which he had at all times fhewn, and the 
 adual fervices which he had fo often performed 
 for the benefit of the Eaft-India Company, and the 
 honour of the Britifh flag. Having at length re- 
 fumed his intention of returning to Europe, he dif- 
 patched Rear-Admiral Stevens for the coail of Coro- 
 mandel on the twenty-firfl of March, with the 
 Grafton, Elizabeth, Tyger, and Ncwcaftle, and 
 failed himfelf the feventh of April in the Yarmouth, 
 leaving at Bombay the Salifbury which had had a 
 thorough repair, and was then almoft ready to fail, 
 and the Cumberland, which was to be taken into the 
 dock the firft high tide. 
 
 Admiral Pocock anchored at Anjengo the feven- 
 teenth of April, and failed from thence the twenty- 
 firft. He there received a letter from Admiral 
 Stevens, dated the eleventh, on which day he failed 
 from that port, acquainting him with his proceed- 
 ings, and that he had retaken three fmall Englifh 
 veiTels off the Vingorla Rocks, from the Malwans, a 
 fet of pirates who had taken them but a few hours 
 before. There had been no account of the Franch 
 fquadron fince the time of their departure from Pon- 
 dichery on the fecond of Odober, 1759. 
 
 On the eighteenth of June, Admiral Pocock ar- 
 rived at St. Helena, where he found the Colchefter 
 and Rippcn waiting to convoy feventeen of the 
 Company's fhips, three of which were of extraordinary 
 great value, having on board a large quantity of rich 
 goods and diamonds from Bengal. For the fe- 
 curity of fo confiderable an objevft, the Admiral thought 
 proper to delay his voyage till the feventh of July, 
 on which day the v/hole fleet being ready to fail, he 
 took them under his command and anchored in 
 the Downs the twenty-fecond of September, with 
 the richeft convoy that ever arrived at one time in 
 England. 
 
 WA R 
 
[ 355 ] 
 
 W A 
 
 O N T H E 
 
 Coaft of COROMANDEL. 
 
 ['759-] 'T^HE China fhips being arrived at Ma- 
 i drafs with three hundred of Colonel 
 Coote's battalion, in the beginning of September, 
 Major Brereton, now Commander in chief, being 
 very fanguine for adion upon the ftrength of this 
 reinforcement, prevailed on the Governor and 
 Council, though with difficulty, to confent to an 
 attempt upon Wandewafh. Both armies had Iain 
 fome time inactive ; the French in Gingee, Wande- 
 wafh, Arcot and Chitteput, and our troops at Con- 
 jeveram. At Wandewalli was a party of four or five 
 hundred French, which Colonel Brereton, by a fud- 
 den march, propofed to fhut up or drive from 
 thence, and then take the place before the enemy 
 could colletl their force. Every thing was to be 
 ready with great fecrecy by the tenth, and all ne- 
 cefTaries were accordingly prepared. The rains 
 which fell about this time caul'ed a delay till the fix- 
 teenth, when the news arriving of the engagement 
 between the fleets, the Governor and Council wrote 
 to Major Brereton, that they thought it would be 
 better to make no motion till it was certain whether 
 the enemy had received any reinforcements, 
 
 M^jor Brereton being unwilling to be with-held 
 from a favourite projed, by a fuppofition, to which 
 he did not give any weight, marched and took Tri- 
 vitore the tv/enty fixth, where he made prifoners 
 one Captain and twenty-two men of the Lorrain Re- 
 piment, and eight Huffars. He then proceeded to 
 Wandewafn, and endeavoured, but in vain, to draw 
 the enemy to an adion out of the Pettah, (the town 
 
 Z 2 ©r 
 
356 WAR ON THE 1759. 
 
 or village belonging to and commonly furrounding 
 every Indian fort.) The l^rench having fome intelli- 
 gence of our preparations, by the delay from the 
 tenth to the twenty-fifth, difcovered our intentions, 
 and had made themfelves almoft equal to our force, 
 which was far fhort of feventcen hundred men, the 
 number that had been at firft propofed. Major 
 Brereton gave out orders for an attack to be made 
 upon Wandewafh-Pettah at three o'clock in the 
 morning of the firft of October, by Majors Monfon 
 and Caiilaud, v/ith five hundred men at one end 
 of it, and Mnjor Gordon, with two hundred men 
 between the fort and Pettah. Major Monfon meet- 
 ing with little refiftance, entered without lofs, and 
 foon after Major Gordon attacked, but received fo 
 warm a fire from the fort and the Pettah, that his 
 party broke, and only twenty men got in with him : 
 however he joined Major Monfon, and they advanced 
 to the head of the Pettah, having driven the enemy 
 quite out of it. But as our people were expofed to 
 a great fire, and every ftreet was enfiladed from the 
 fort they retreated towards the center of the Pettah, 
 and there took poft, detaching fome pickets in the 
 ftreet to the right and left, which was all that could 
 be done till day-light. 
 
 The French having made a difpofition for that 
 purpofe, at day-break attacked our parties on all fides, 
 who after near two hours warm difpute, were 
 obliged to abandon the Pettah, (leaving four guns be- 
 hind them) with the lofs of two hundred and two 
 men in the action and retreat. The enemy fufFered 
 no lefs in point of numbers, but we had a moft 
 eflential difadvantage in the lofs of eleven officers of 
 approved worth and bravery. The army was ftill 
 in a condition to have undertaken fomething of con- 
 fequence, but the advanced feafon, the fcarcity of 
 provifions, and the difcouragement of an unfuccefsful 
 attack, were reafons that juftly determined them to 
 go into cantonment at Conjeveram. 
 
 In 
 
1759- COAST .OP COROMANDEL. 357 
 
 In the neighbourhood of TrichinopoJy, near Ella- 
 vanafore, is a ftrong place called Tagada, held by 
 Kiflnarauze, an ally to the Nabob, who had been 
 very troiiblefome to the French, and frequently, 
 with the alTiftance of the garrifon of Trichinopoly, 
 beat feveral of their parties. His little fort was by 
 fituation almoft impregnable, but wanted ammunition 
 to hold out againll fuch a force as the French were 
 now refolved to fend againft it. 
 
 Captain Smith apprized of their defigns, and 
 having intelligence that a confiderable party of the 
 enemy were actually marching againft it, confiding 
 of one hundred European Infantry, forty Huffars, 
 five hundred Black Horfe, fourteen hundred Sepoys 
 and matchlocks, and five pieces of cannon. Cap- 
 tain Smith had the precaution to throw into the place 
 three companies of Sepoys, under the command of 
 Serjeant-Major Huntei man. Afterwards he detached 
 Lieutenant Raillard with forty Europeans, fix com- 
 panies of Sepoys, three fmall guns, and a large fup- 
 ply of ammunition, with orders to proceed within a 
 night's march of Tadaga, and then to forward the 
 ammunition with one company of Sepoys : and from 
 the particular fituation of Tagada, he had great 
 hopes of throwing in this fupply with fafety. Be- 
 fore the party reached Volconda, the Nabob's 
 horfe, in number one thoufand, marched and joined 
 them. 
 
 The Enemy having collefted all their forces, 
 made four feveral attacks on the town of Tagada. 
 They brought two guns to each gate, and ordered 
 two parties to efcalade the walls. The attack con- 
 tinued a confiderable time, till at length a party 
 forced a pafiage at one of the gates, and brought 
 four guns into the town, fo that it was with great difli- 
 culty the garrifon could gain the rock, where there were 
 fome provifions, ammunition, and water. They 
 fent word to Lieutenant "Raillard that they would 
 hold out till he came to their relief, which they de- 
 
 Z 3 fired 
 
358 WAR ON THE 1757. 
 
 fired he would do as fpeedily as polTible, as they had 
 loft near one third of their people in the late at- 
 tack. The Enemy fufFered much more, having thirty 
 Europeans, and two hundred Sepoys killed and 
 wounded, Kiftnarauze, with all his Horfe, and fome 
 Sepoys, marched in the night from Tagada, and the 
 next day joined Lieut. Raillard, by whofe advice it 
 was determined the next morning early to attempt 
 the relief of Tagada. They marched accordingly, 
 till they came within two miles of the fort, where, 
 upon the appearance of the enemy, they halted and 
 began to cannonade. This gave time to the French 
 to bring up their artillery. Upon the firft difcharge 
 of the field-pieces, the Nabob's Horfe fied with the 
 ntmoft precipitation, nor could all the entreaties of 
 Lieutenant Raillard and Kiilnarauze bring them 
 back. This happened before the Enemy's Infantry 
 appeared. Soon after our Sepoys feeing themfelves 
 abandoned by the horfe, took a pannic and fled 
 likewife. About two hundred, chiefly Officers, re- 
 rnained with the Europeans and Topaffes, who guard- 
 ed the guns, and were endeavouring to make good 
 their retreat to a village about a mile in their rear ; 
 thcfe being in fome diforder, were hard pufhed by 
 the Enemy's European Cavalry and fome hifantry, who 
 having taken poiTelTion of the guns, our whole 
 party was entirely routed, the Europeans and To- 
 pafTes either killed or taken prifoners. Many of the 
 Sepoys cut to pieces, and almoft all difarmed. Lieute- 
 nant Raillard, Who was on horfeback during the en^ 
 gagement, efcaped being made prifoner, but did not 
 long furvive the difgrace of his defeat, for it made 
 fuch an impreffion on him as doubtlefs produced 
 his unfortunate end. Having no cartridges to load 
 his arms for his fatal defign, he bruifed himfclf fo 
 much with repeated ftrokes on the breaft and head 
 with his piftols, that he fell off his horfe and expired 
 about five miles from the fcene of action. As he 
 V/as found there with no other marks of violence, it 
 
 is 
 
1759. COAST OF COROMANDEL. 359 
 
 is evident he deftroyed himfeif in the manner above- 
 mentioned. 
 
 The mifcarriage of this brave man M^as owing to 
 his impatience at the cowardice of the Nabob's 
 horfe : for as foon as they broke, he left his own 
 troops, who were in need of his prefence and might 
 have profited by it, and rode among the broken 
 cavalry, vainly attempting to rally thofe who were 
 alike infenfible to his exhortations or reproaches. 
 Soon after Serjeant Hunterman furrendered the Foil 
 of Tagada upon honourable terms. 
 
 The French to make a diverfion to the fouthward, 
 and alfo to have at hand a fufficient force to fur- 
 prize Trichinopoly upon the firft favourable occafion, 
 marched a large body of men towards Seringam, 
 An advanced party of them were difcovered from 
 the Golden Rock, near Trichinopoly, and a fally was 
 made from that garrifon with fome Euiopeans, Se- 
 poys, and the Nabob's horfe, who came upon them in 
 the night and took one officer, thirty Europeans, 
 forty CoiFrees, and Sepoys, and killed or difperfed 
 the remainder of the corps, taking alfo their arms, 
 baggage and ammunition, widi two ifield-pieces. 
 The main body of the French army, confuting of 
 above a thoufand Europeans, continuing their march 
 to Seringam, attacked and carried it, tliere being 
 only two companies of Sepoys to defend li. As this 
 fmall body made a gallant refinance, the French, in 
 refentment, moft fhamefully turned them out of the 
 place, and then fent their horfe after them to cut 
 and mangle them, and fired grape fliot on fome ithat 
 were then got to the Glacis, by which means above 
 a hundred were killed. The French left two hun- 
 dred Europeans at Seringam, and returned with the 
 reft to join their army, fince which, one of their 
 convoys going to Seringam was furprized by Captain 
 Smith who commanded at Trichinopoly. 
 
 On advice of an efcort being at Utatore, Captain 
 3Eaith detache4 a party of fifty Europeans and fome 
 
 Z 4 Sepoys, 
 
^6o WAR ON THE 1759. 
 
 Sepoys to intercept it. The French n:iarched an e- 
 qual force from Seringam for the protedlion of their 
 convoy. Captain Smith, as foon as he found they 
 had weakened their force at the Pagoda, attacked it 
 with the remainder of his garrifon from Trichinopoly. 
 As he received a wound in the attempt, it had no 
 other confequence than that of bringing back the 
 French detachment. Our party in the mean time at- 
 tacked the convoy in Utatore, took two officers, with 
 thirty Grenadiers, and difarmed three hundred Sepoys, 
 carrying off or deftroying all the ammunition and 
 provifions. 
 
 After this. Captain Smith, with the afliftance of 
 the King of Tanjore and Tondeman, retook (everal 
 pofhs, and interrupted the communication with Serin- 
 gam, till at lengdi M. Lally, thinking the place in 
 danger, reinforced it with a body of horfe, and two 
 hundred European infantry. 
 
 It has been already related that three hundred 
 of Colonel Coote's battalion were brought by the 
 China fliips in Septem.ber, and that he arrived him- 
 felf with the remainder of his corps in the Queen- 
 borough, and the three Indiamen on the twenty-fe- 
 venth of Odober. As foon as Colonel Coote 
 landed, the neceffary preparations were fet about for 
 his regiment to take the field. It was in this interval 
 that the enemy fent the large detachment afore-men- 
 tioned to the fouthward, and polfeffed themfelves 
 of Seringam. The Prefidency apprehending they 
 might extend their defigns againfh Trichinopoly, re- 
 commended to Colonel Coote to proceed with all 
 expedition to join the army at Conjeveram, and 
 to form an attack upon fome of the Enemay's pof- 
 fefllons in that neighbourhood, in order to draw their 
 troops from the fouthward. The army accordingly 
 marched from Conjeveram the twenty-fifth of No- 
 vember, and the next day a detachment under 
 Major Brereton inverted Wandewafn. Two bat- 
 teries were ereifled with gre^t expedition, they were 
 
 opened 
 
1760. COA-ST OF COROMANDEL. 3^1 
 
 opened the twenty-ninth, and a fummons was then 
 fent by Colonel Coote to Lieutenant Mahony, 
 who commanded in the garrifon, to furrender. He 
 very properly returned for anfwer, that he would de- 
 fend the fort to the laft extremity. 
 
 On the thirtieth, a breach being made, the 
 Killedar, or Moorifh Governor, fent to treat with 
 the Colonel, offering to pay a fum of money, and 
 deliver up the French garrifon, upon condition of 
 his being continued in the government of the 
 Fort i but before any agreement was perfected, 
 the French foldiers, fearing the intrigues of the 
 Killedar, got upon the walls and calling out to our 
 people, declared they would deliver up the gar- 
 rifon. Five officers and fixty-three private men 
 were made prifoners on this occafion, and a place 
 of great note in this Country, which had been 
 often threatened by our army, was at length taken 
 without any lofs on our fide. There were five 
 hundred Sepoys in the fort befides the European 
 garrifon. 
 
 From thence the army marched immediately to 
 Carangoly, and on the fixth of December opened 
 a battery againft that Fort, which was defended 
 by Colonel O'Kennely, and one hundred Europe- 
 ans, and five hundred Sepoys. The breach was 
 made the eighth, but there being yet a ditch, 
 the paffing of which might have been attended 
 with lofs of men, Colonel Coote thought it better 
 to grant the garrifon the terms of capitulation 
 they demanded, which were, that the Europeans 
 fhould not be made prifoners, but have leave to 
 march to Pondichery, and accordingly the Fort was 
 furrendered. 
 
 The French troops which were aflembled at 
 Arcot, being joined by the detachment from the 
 fouthward, the fon of Chunda Saib, and the fon 
 of the Killedar of Wandewafh, were fent with other 
 emilTaries to . bring over a party of Morarow's 
 
 Marat- 
 
362 WARONTHE 1760. 
 
 Maratras. They had already a great number of 
 Country troops brought in by M. De BufTy, who 
 went with a fevv troopers as far as Cadapa, to pay 
 a vifit to Bafaletzing on his return to Golconda, 
 and not being able to perfuade that Prince to 
 return with him, engaged one of his chiefs with 
 a confiderable number of Country horfeand Sepoys, 
 and brought him with great Hate to Arcot. Thefe 
 were joined the ninth of January by Innis Cawn, 
 Morarow's chief officer, with three thoufand Marat- 
 ta horfe, befides a number of foot, who followed 
 them for plunder. The French force at Arcot 
 conlifted (according to the beft intelligence) of 
 near two thoufand five hundred Europeans, and M. 
 Lally himfelf refumed the command of the army 
 upon this occafion. 
 
 Colonel Coote having pofted his forces in a flrong 
 fituation between Cauverypauk and Arcot, not 
 more than three miles from the advanced guards 
 of the Enemy, remained there in order to cover 
 our diftrids in the beft manner he could againft 
 the ravages of the Marattas, who were difperfed 
 on all fides in fmall parties on purpofe to drive 
 off the cattle, plunder the inhabitants, and deftroy 
 the produce of the Country. The army with 
 Colonel Coote confifted o( two thoul^nd one hun- 
 dred Europeans, (including the artillery, the caval- 
 ry, and officers of all denominations) about four 
 thoufand Sepoys, and fifteen hundred Country horfe. 
 The great number of cavalry on the fide of the 
 Enemy, rendered it indifpenfably necelTary f t us 
 to take into the fervice as many of the beft as 
 could be procured, notwithftanding the immenfe 
 expence, for without them the army v^/ould have been 
 abtolutely unable to keep the field, as it would have 
 been impoffible to have fupplied it with provifions. 
 
 The day after the junction of the Marattas, 
 M. Lally moved with his whole force from Arcot 
 by the road of Wandewafh, but on the fecond day, 
 
 a party 
 
17^0. COAST OF COROM ANDEL. 3^3 
 
 a party turned towards Conjeveram, who ranfack- 
 ed the town, but could not get polTeirion of the 
 fort, being repulfed in the attempt, by an ofHcer 
 Vv'ith two companies of Sepoys. Colonel Coote, upon 
 this intelligence, marched with all expedition from 
 Cauverypauk to Conjeveram, Upon his approach, 
 all the Enemy's parties retired from that neigh- 
 bourhood, and joined their main body at Papa- 
 tangel, a town upon the road from Conjeveram 
 to Wandewafh. 
 
 The Enemy's defigns proved to be againft the 
 latter place, where Captain Sherlock commanded 
 with one hundred and fifty Europeans, and eight 
 companies of Sepoys. The fixteenth in the morn- 
 ing, the Enemy attacked the Pettah adjoining to 
 the fort, and after a ftout refiftance from three 
 companies of Sepoys, commanded by an Enfign 
 of the Sepoy eftablifhment, lodged themfelves there, 
 and fet about ere(5ting a battery. The twentieth they 
 began to fire againft the walls from one twenty-four 
 pounder and three eighteen pounders. 
 
 Wandewafh was thought a place of too much 
 confequence to be fuffered to fall without making 
 fome attempt to relieve it : therefore, though the 
 Enemy might have fome fuperiority in Europeans, 
 befides their multitude of Blacks, it was determined 
 to march the army towards them. 
 
 It had long been debated at Madrals, and was 
 always matter of doubt with many members 
 of the Council whether it would be expedient to 
 hazard an adion at fo critical a time, for till the 
 arrival of the good news from Bengal, the affairs 
 of the Coaft bore a melancholy afpedt. The Ene- 
 my had gready the fuperiority in European horfe, 
 which would have led on the Marattas to deftroy 
 our army totally in cafe of a defeat. They had 
 already plundered and deftroyed the country, and 
 encreafed the fcarcity of provifions to fo great a 
 degree, that the cry for rice both at Madrafs and 
 
 in 
 
3^4 WAR ON THE 1766. 
 
 in the army, was exceedingly alarming. The army 
 alfo made continual demands for their pay when 
 the Country was entirely exhaufted of cafh. At 
 length a veiTel arrived from Bengal, with the wel- 
 come news of the eftablifhment of peace and tran- 
 quillity in that Province, and the long expedled fupply 
 of money. 
 
 This was a great relief to the prefent anxiety, 
 and gave fpirit to our Counfels, as well as to 
 the army and our allies, and muft be fuppofed 
 to have had fome effed on an Enemy that was 
 naturally prefumptuous. But thefe circumftances 
 did not caufe the Governor and Council to adt 
 with lefs precaution. Still dubious of the event, 
 they approved of Colonel Coote's march towards 
 the Enemy, but at the fame time ftrongly recom- 
 mended to him to keep Chengalaput and Caran- 
 goly in his rear, that he might be fupplied with 
 provifions, and have his retreat to Madrafs fecured, 
 in cafe of any unfavourable event. 
 
 Colonel Coote being deterrnined to march the 
 army towards the French, took poft at Outremaloor 
 the feventeenth, and judging by his advice from 
 Captain Sherlock, that the breach in the fort might 
 be practicable the tv/enty-fecond, he refolved to 
 make an effort to raife the fiege that morning ; 
 for this purpofe he marched with the whole ar- 
 my the twenty-firft in the evening, and encamp- 
 ed at Trinborough, about ten miles from the 
 Enemy, where he gave out the following orders. 
 
 Trinborough Village, January 21, 1750, feven o'Clock in the 
 Evening. 
 
 The army to march to-morrow at fix o'Clock 
 by the left upon the Taps beating, which is to 
 be looked upon the fame as the Generals beating, 
 it is to form and be ready to march off imme- 
 diately after. All the cavalry and five companies 
 of Sepoys to form the van of the army, except 
 two hundred Black hcrfe, who together with three 
 
 com- 
 
1759- COAST OF COROMANDEL. 365 
 
 companies of Sepoys are to cover the baggage in 
 the rear. The army to obferve the orders given 
 out the twenty-feventh of December, which were, 
 that the firft line confift of Colonel Draper's regi- 
 ment on the right, Colonel Coote's on the left, 
 and the Company's in the centre ; the artillery 
 to be divided as follows ; four pieces on the right, 
 four on the left, and two pieces between each 
 interval, making in all twelve in the firit line. 
 The fecond line to confitt of the grenadiers of 
 Colonel Draper's, Colonel Coote's, and the Compa- 
 ny's, with one piece of cannon upon each flank, 
 who are to form two hundred paces in the rear 
 of the firft line: An eight inch Howitz to be between 
 the two lines. Major Brereton to command the right 
 of the firft line. Major William Gordon the left, 
 and Major Robert Gordon the centre. Major Mon- 
 fon to command the fecond line. The cavalry 
 to be divided into five fquadrons, the Europeans to 
 make the center fquadron. 
 
 The names of the Jemidars who are appoint- 
 ed to command, to be given into the comman- 
 ders in chief to-night. When the line forms, the 
 cavalry will have orders to form about fifty paces 
 in the rear of the fecond line, having a proper 
 interval between each fquadron ; at the fame time 
 the five companies of Sepoys who fupported the 
 cavalry are to form upon the right of Colonel Draper's 
 regiment, and the five companies of Sepoys that 
 were in the rear of the line of march, to form 
 on the left of Colonel Coote's regiment, five com- 
 panies who were on the left flank of the line of 
 march, are to form in the following m.anner j two 
 on the right of the fecond line, and two on the 
 left, and one on the rear with the cavalry, The 
 whole army, as well Europeans as Blacks, are to 
 have a green branch of Tamarind Tree fixed on 
 their hats and turbans, likewife on the tops of 
 the colours, in order to diftinguifh them from the 
 
 Enemy. 
 
366 WAR ON THE 1759, 
 
 Enemy. The commanding officers of corps are 
 to take particular care that their refpedive corps 
 are properly told off, and that the rtien know 
 their right and left hand men and file leaders. 
 They are to be cautioned not to give their fire 
 till they are ordered by their refpedive officers, 
 
 The army marched at fix o'Clock in the morn- 
 ing of the twenty-fecond, agreeable to the orders 
 that had been given out the day before for that 
 purpofe. About leven o'Clock our advanced guard 
 of horfe and that of the Enemy began to fire at 
 each other, upon which Captain Baron de Vaflerot 
 who commanded the cavalry, was ordered to form 
 them in order of battle ; he was fupported by 
 five companies of Sepoys and two pieces of can- 
 non, and Col. Coote advancing himfelf with two 
 companies of Sepoys, obliged the Enemy to retire 
 to their main body of horfe, which confided of 
 two hundred Europeans and three thoufand Marat- 
 tas on their left. As the Vvhole of our cavalry 
 advanced, that of the enemy retreated in pretty 
 good order till our cannon, which was extreme- 
 ly well ferved, obliged them to retire precipi- 
 tately. The Major of the brigade was then fent 
 to the army, which was about three quarters of 
 a mile in the rear, with orders for them to form 
 the line of battle, but not to advance till the 
 Colonel had joined them, v/ho foon after having 
 taken poflellion of a Tank, which the Enemy's 
 cavalry had occupied, returned to the line, which 
 by that time was formed. After reviewing the 
 whole, and finding the men alert and eager to 
 engage, he ordered the army to move forwards. 
 About nine o'Clock they arrived at the poll they 
 had driven the Enemy from, which was about two 
 miles from their camp, and halted in their view 
 near half an hour, during which time Colonel Coote 
 went very near to them and reconnoitred their fitu- 
 
 ation. 
 
1759- COAST OF COROMANDEL. 367 
 
 ation. Upon finding they were ftrongly pofted, 
 and his flanks expofed to the Enemy's cavalry, 
 which was greatly fuperior to his own, he order- 
 ed the army to march by the right in order to 
 gain the advantage of a hill about three miles 
 diftant, and near two miles from Wandewafh fort, 
 and the horfe which was then in the front, to 
 wheel to the right and left and form behind the 
 fecond line, in order to make the rear guard. 
 Thus he covered his right flank with the hill, 
 and had fome Villages in his rear, to which he 
 fent his baggage, and this motion obliged the 
 Enemy to alter their difpofition. During all 
 this time they cannonaded each other, and flvir- 
 miflied with their advanced pofl's and Maratta 
 horie, but the latter foon difappeared and return- 
 ed no more. The Enemy after making their fe- 
 cond difpofition, moved forwards under the cover 
 of a bank. The cannonading then began to be 
 fmart on both fides, and the two armies advanced 
 brilldy towards each other. 
 
 At twelve o'clock the Enemy's European ca- 
 valry pulhed with a great deal of refolution in or- 
 der to force our left, and come round upon our 
 rear. The Colonel immediately ordered up fome 
 companies of Sepoys and two pieces of cannon to 
 fuftain our cavalry, who had orders when the Ene- 
 my approached to open to the right and left, 
 which gave room to pour in grape fhot upon the 
 Enemy's horfe from the two pieces of cannon, 
 the mufquetry alfo galling their flank, while our 
 cavalry wheeled and charged them in front. They 
 were immediately thrown into confufion, and pufhed 
 back above a mile from our left, upon the rear 
 of their own people. Our army now advanced 
 upon the Enemy who kept their flank well cove- 
 red, by a Tank, till we approached near enough 
 to perceive the difpofition of their army, which 
 was formed in the following manner. The regi- 
 ment 
 
368 WAR ON THE 1759, 
 
 ment of Lorraine on the right in line of battle, 
 the regiment of Lally on the left with the marine 
 formed into a column, and the brigade de L'Inde 
 formed into another in the centre, with tv/o Tanks 
 covering their right and left, and fome broken 
 ground in front. By this time it was near one 
 o'clock, and both armies continued advancing till 
 they came within the reach of mufquetry 
 when a fhot from our guns ftriking one of their 
 tumbrils, it blew up, by which accident, five of 
 their guns became iifelefs to them : upon this 
 Major Brereton wheeled Colonel Draper's regiment 
 to the left, and charged their left flank, which 
 was executed with great order and refolution, and 
 much to the honour of that corps, and their Com- 
 mander ; Colonel Coote feeing that regiment like- 
 ly to fuffer from a body of Black troops, together 
 with their marines who were under cover, and 
 fired very brifkly upon them, and at the fame time 
 finding the Enemy had reinforced their left with a 
 piquet from Lally 's regiment, ordered the Grena- 
 dier Company of Draper's, which was on the right 
 of the fecond line, to fupport their own regiment, 
 and having likewife two pieces of cannon playing 
 upon the Enemy's flank, compleated the rout of 
 that wing, who abandoned their cannon and fell 
 upon their own centre, which was by this time, 
 together with their right, clofely engaged with our 
 left. He then ordered up Major Monfon with 
 the reft of the fecond line, and placed him fo as 
 to be able to fupport any part of our line, at the 
 fame time flanking the Enemy. About tvvoo'Clock 
 their whole army gave way, and ran towards their 
 own camp, but finding that we purfued them, they 
 quitted it, and left us entire mafliers of the field, 
 together with all their artillery, except three fmall 
 pieces which they carried off. There were taken 
 twenty pieces of cannon, three of which were 
 
 twenty 
 
MY Marcjixitg 
 
 - - , ^ 05 
 
 ■ -• ,. — o ~ "^ ** 
 
 ■ '^ • 3 ^ " 
 
 
 I 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 3» 
 
 
 fl-?- 
 
 All 
 
 :M^. 
 
 ft 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — - -.-■■• gf^_ 
 
 ^kjp:. 
 
 ^JEJSI 
 
 •a? 
 
 P L AN ^ 
 
 of 
 the Battle of 
 
 Waxbewa sh 
 
 Sratn/>i/ over thf J^e^icl^ 
 
 By Col:Coote 
 
 11 Ja?i ijS'o . 
 
i76o. COAST OF COROMANDEL. 369 
 
 twenty pounders, one twenty four, and one thirty- 
 two pounder. 
 
 The French had eight hundred killed and wound- 
 ed, two hundred of which we buried in the field, 
 and we took two hundred and forty prifoners, of 
 which number two hundred were wounded. We 
 loft only fifty-two Europeans, officers included, 
 in the field of battle : there were befides one hun- 
 dred and forty-one wounded, of which fome died 
 of their wounds : and among thefe was the 
 gallant Major Brereton, who had the honour to 
 have fo great a fhare in the fuccefs of that glorious 
 day. 
 
 The French army confifted of two thoufand 
 two hundred Europeans, including artillery and 
 cavalry ; three hundred Coffrees, and between 
 nine and ten thoufand Black troops. They had 
 twenty pieces of cannon in the field, and five in 
 their batteries againft the fort, where they blew 
 up a large magazine of powder upon their re- 
 treat. Our army amounted to feventeen hun- 
 dred Europeans, including artillery and cavalry, 
 three thoufiind five hundred Black troops ; and all 
 our artillery were fourteen pieces of cannon and one 
 howitz. 
 
 The principal perfons among the prifoners who 
 were taken were Brigadier General de Bufly, Le Che- 
 valier Godeville, C^arter-mafter General. Of Lal- 
 ly's regiment, Lieutenant-Colonel Murphy, two 
 Captains and two Lieutenants. Of the Lorrain re- 
 giment, one Captain and one Lieutenant. Of the 
 India Battalion, two Lieutenants and two Enfigns. 
 Of the Marines, Le Chevalier de Poete, Knight of 
 Malta, who died of his wounds. All the above- 
 mentioned were wounded, except M. de Bufly, and 
 an Enfign of the India battalion. Colonel Coote 
 indulged thefe gentlemen together with M. Gode- 
 ville, with leave to g3 to Pondichery on their parole : 
 
 A a but 
 
370 WAR ON THE 1760. 
 
 but when he learnt that feveral officers on parole 
 had h^een in the adion, he wrote to M. de 
 EuiTy and the other two officers, to repair to Ma- 
 drafs according to the tenor of their parole. In an- 
 fwer to which, M. Lally fent to offer him their ranfom 
 in money. 
 
 So compleat a vidory over a fuperior force could 
 not have been obtained, but by the mafterly 
 condud of Colonel Coote, and the univerfal good 
 behaviour of all the officers and men, and it 
 would be great injuflice to pafs over in filence the 
 extraordinary diligence and (kill of the officers of the 
 artillery. 
 
 The Enemy retreated as faft as poffible to Chet- 
 teput, which is eighteen miles from the field of 
 battle, and the next day affembled the remains of 
 their broken army at Gingee ; but the twenty-fixth, 
 M. Lally thought proper to retire within the walls 
 of Pondichery. Our cavalry being fatigued were 
 not able to purfue them the evening of their defeat, 
 but the next day Colonel Coote fent out two de- 
 tachments to harafs the Enemy ; and upon advice 
 of M. Lally's retreat, he fent fredi orders to Cap- 
 tain de VafTerot, who commanded the horfe, to 
 deftroy the French country round Pondichery, 
 as M. Lally had done by the environs of Madrafs. 
 To prevent his being interrupted in this expedition 
 by the Marattas, who were then between Arcot 
 and Chetteput, the Colonel wrote to Innis Cawn, 
 to advertife him that, fmce he had fhewn by 
 his behaviour in the late adlion, as well as 
 by the whole tenor of his condudt, that he came 
 not into the country as a foldier, but only as 
 a plunderer and marauder, he muft now im- 
 mediately quit the country, or he fliould be com- 
 pelled to it, and if intercepted he muft expert 
 no quarter for himfelf or his troops. 
 
 The 
 
1750. COAST OF COROMANDEL. 371 
 
 The Maratta General, fenfible of the fmall bene- 
 fit he reaped from his alliance with the French, who 
 were in no capacity to pay him, decamped without 
 hefitation, and went off to his own country ; 
 and Captain de VaiTerot proceeded without inter- 
 ruption to lay wafte the bounds of Pondichery. 
 This was not done as a mere ad of retaliation, but 
 as a very necelTary flep towards the redudion of that 
 place, as it ftruck a terror into the inhabitants^ 
 promoted the difpofition to defert, and alarming 
 the Black people with the dread of a fiege, caufed 
 them to move off, and deprived the garrifon of 
 the neceflary affiftance of the Cooleys. Befides 
 this, Captain De VaiTerot took four thoufand head 
 of cattle. 
 
 On the twenty-eighth. Colonel Coote marched to 
 Chetteput, and began to eredl batteries, at the fame 
 time Summoning the Chevalier De Tilly, who 
 commanded there, to furrender, which he refufed. 
 The next day, after a breach was made, the garrifon 
 flung out a flag of truce, and furrendered prifoners 
 of war. Here were four officers, fifty-four Eu- 
 ropeans, befides feventy-three who had been wounded 
 in the battle of Wandewafh, and were at that 
 time in the hofpital ; and three hundred Sepoys. 
 In the fort were taken nine guns, and a large quantity 
 of ammunition. 
 
 Captain Smith having been detached after a 
 fmall party of French and fepoys, with two brafs 
 eight pounders, returned with them the thirtieth, 
 and alfo brought in a Captain of the Lorrain regiment 
 and three French CommiiTaries. And Major Monfon 
 having thrown a few fhells into the fort of Timmery, 
 it foon furrendered, and twenty Europeans were made 
 prifoners. 
 
 Colonel Coote immediately after the battle of 
 Wandewafh, fent orders to Captain Wood to in- 
 vert Arcot. He foon got poileffion of the Pettah, 
 having routed Zulapherzing's forces, and taken his 
 
 A a 2 whole 
 
372 WAR ON THE 1760 
 
 whole camp. On the fecond of February he was 
 joined by Colonel Coote, who marched with the whole 
 army, and encamped within two miles of the place. 
 The fame day he began to ered batteries againft 
 the Fort. Two of five eighteen pounders againft 
 the curtain between the North-Weft corner tower 
 and the gateway, one of two eighteen and one twenty- 
 four pounder, againft the tower and curtain Weft 
 of the South- Weft corner tower, and one of a twelve 
 pounder, againft the North gate, to enfilade the 
 Weft front. 
 
 The next day the Enemy threw a number of 
 (hells from the garrifon without any effedt. The 
 batteries were opened on the fifth, and the next day 
 two of our guns were difabled, and two men killed 
 and four wounded. 
 
 On the eighth. Colonel Coote having carried on 
 his approaches to the South Weft, within two hun- 
 dred and fixty yards of the creft of the Glacis, and 
 thofe to the Weft w^ithin two hundred and fifty, 
 fummoned the garrifon to furrender. He received 
 for anfwer from Captain HufTey who commanded 
 there, that in cafe he was not relieved in fix days he 
 would then deliver up the garrifon, on being allowed 
 the honours of war. 
 
 Upon this hoftilities were re-commenced, and fome 
 of our men were wounded at the batteries and in 
 the trenches, by the Enemy's fhells and fire-balls. 
 Our whole lofs amounted to no more than feven men 
 killed and fixteen wounded : for the next day, the 
 approaches being carried on within fixty yards of the 
 creft of the glacis, the garrifon furrendered prifoners 
 of war. 
 
 Colonel Coote took pofleflion of the fort of Arcot 
 the tenth of February, and thereby not only reftored 
 to the Nabob the Capital of his Dominions, but 
 greatly weakened the French force in India, by a 
 capture of two hundred and thirty-fix European fol- 
 diers, three Captains, and eight Subalterns. 
 
 This 
 
1750. COAST OF COROM ANDEL. 373 
 
 This was not only a real and a prefent Jofs to the 
 French, but a great blow to their credit, and ope- 
 rated no lefs on the minds of their own people, than 
 it affected them in the opinion of the country powers. 
 The very day that Arcot furrendered, feven and 
 twenty HulTars, with their horfes and arms, defert- 
 ed and came over to us, and by the laft advices from 
 the Coaft, it is faid that the whole body of their 
 European cavalry has fince followed their example, 
 and are now in our fervice. This is an earneft of 
 the general difcontent at Pondichery, occafioned by 
 their want of pay and the fcarcity of provifions, with 
 a diffidence of one another, a fenfe of their mifcon- 
 du(5t, and in confequence thereof, their calamitous 
 profpedt from this fudden reverfe of fortune. 
 
 M. Lally, immediately after his defeat, fent orders 
 to recal his troops from Seringam ^ by which 
 means he augmented his army with a great rein- 
 forcement of Europeans (near five hundred horfe 
 and foot) but at the fame time being obliged to 
 abandon that part of the country, all thofe valuable 
 diftridls, from whence the Nabob draws fo con- 
 fiderable a part of his revenue, and, without which 
 Trichinopoly does not produce enough to defray 
 the ordinary expences of the garrilbn, were now left 
 to be vifited by his feveral renters and colledors with- 
 out moleftation. 
 
 Rear-Admiral Cornifh arrived at Madrafs the 
 twenty-third of February. As the French had no 
 fleet upon that Coaft, he had no obje6t but to 
 co-operate with the land forces ; howevrer the 
 Falmouth meeting with the Haerlem in her way from 
 Merguy, obliged her to run a-fhore two leagues 
 to the Northward of Pondichery, The garrifon of 
 Permacoil and Allamparva having furrendered pri- 
 foners of war, there remained only Carical of all the 
 fubordinate fettlements on that Coafl. 
 
 Carical is a very fmall but exceeding ftrong 
 Fort, being a pentagon, built exadly on the plan 
 
 A a 3 of 
 
374 WAR ON THE, &c. 1760. 
 
 of Lifle. It being of great importance to reduce 
 the Enemy to the pofTeflion of one fmgle port, 
 both the land and Tea officers under Rear- Ad- 
 miral Cornifh and Major Monfon, were employed in 
 the attack of Carical, and on the fifth of April it was 
 furrendered. 
 
 By the lofs of this place, the French have not a 
 fingle man in the Peninfula, except a fmall garrifon 
 at Mahe on the Malabar Coaft, another at Gingee, 
 and thofe which are blocked up within the walls of 
 Fondichery. 
 
 THE END. 
 
( ses ) 
 
 THE FOLLOWING 
 
 ACCOUNT 
 
 Of the Progrefe and Effcfts of one of thofe violent 
 
 H U R R I C A N E S 
 
 Which fo often attend the Change of the 
 
 MONSOON, 
 
 Is the more curious, as few People have ever fur- 
 vived fuch a Difafter, who have been capable of 
 giving fo clear and diftindt an Account. 
 
 A JOURNAL of the 
 
 Lofs of the PEMBROKE, 
 
 Which was wrecked in St. David's road the 13th of April, 1749. 
 By the Master of the PEMBR O K E. 
 
 ABOUT ten o'clock in the morning it blew Single 
 frefh, the wind at N. E. by E. and a great fea Anchc 
 began to come in. We then having a cable out, ^ 
 the Captain ordered half a cable more to be veered 
 away. At noon I defired the Captain would pleafe Noon. 
 to order more cable to be veered away, he replied, 
 he was afraid if we (hould veere more cable it would 
 bring home the anchor, but that a new forefail and 
 a mizen (hould be bent, which was immediately done. 
 At one in the afternoon it blew very hard, the wind One 
 at N. E. his Majefty's fhip Namur lying about a ca- o'cl^J-. 
 ble's length within us and abaft our beam ; I went 
 to the Captain, as did likewife the Lieutenants, and 
 defired him to go to fea. He replied, he could not 
 
 A a 4 anfvver 
 
[376] 
 Apr. 13? anfwer to go to Tea, unlefs the Namur did, (on board 
 1749. which Rear Admiral Bofcawen's flag was flying) but 
 <- — v^'~"-^ ordered all our ports to be barred in and well fecur- 
 ed, and the tarpawlings down without battening, 
 which made them blow up again after we put to fea. 
 Three At three o'clock I went again to the Captain who 
 o'clock, was fick and in his cabin, and again defired him to 
 go to lea, he feemed very angry, and faid he could 
 not, giving the fame reafon as above i nor would he 
 fufter any more cable to be veered away : at the fame 
 time the fliip rode hard, fl:rained much, and made 
 water. 
 Four. At four the fea increafing, we expected the cable 
 
 Five. ^o V^^^ every minute, at five our cable parted and we 
 caft our head oflf to the (ea, others ife we fhould 
 have fallen on board the Namur ; we immediately 
 fet the forefail and mizen, got on board the main 
 tack, and fet our mainfail and fore and mizen fl:ay- 
 fails, at the fame time fome of our people were em- 
 ployed in heaving in the cable, for the Captain would 
 not have it cut, which took up fome time. I found 
 it to be parted about three fathoms without the fer- 
 vice of the outer cable. It blew fo very hard that 
 the fhip would not bear any more fail. 
 Six. At fix we founded and found fourteen fathoms 
 
 water, at the fame time there being a great head 
 fea, we made but very little way, and found the fhip 
 gained more water than one of the chain pumps 
 could poflibly difcharge, which obliged us to fet both 
 pumps to work. The weather continuing very bad 
 with a great fea and ftrong gales ; at half pafl: fix 
 our mainfail fplit in pieces, we got down the yard in 
 order to bend a new fail, but it blowing fo hard 
 and the fhip lying down very much, we could not 
 Seven, get tlie fail to the yard. At feven we founded eigh- 
 teen fathom water. i\n half psft feven founded 
 twenty fathoms, the wind at N. E. the firft and fe- 
 cond Lieutenants at the pumps encouraging the men. 
 Eight. At eight the carpenter fent word to the Captain that 
 
 the 
 
[ 377 ] 
 
 the fliip gained upon them much, four foot Apr. 13, 
 water in the hold, at the fame time, depth of 1749. 
 water twenty- two fathoms ; half pad eight, our tiller *— "V*-* 
 rope broke fliort off at the rudder head, and we 
 likewife found one of the rudder chains broke. 
 The fails we had now fet were our forefail, mi- 
 zen, and fore ftay-fails. At nine (bunded Nine, 
 twenty-four fathoms water. The fea now made 
 a free paflage over us, and the (hip being water- 
 logged, we hauled up our forefail to eafe her, but 
 cxpeded to go down every minute. In hauling 
 down our foreftay-fail it fplit, and as I looked aft 
 from the fore-caftle I faw the main and mizen mafl: 
 gone, but never heard them go. By this time 
 the fhip righted much, and in about fcven minutes 
 the foremaft went by the board, but the bowfprit 
 held faft, depth of water about twenty-five fathoms. 
 Our pumps continually working. The third Lieu- 
 tenant being on the quarter deck fent forward to 
 me to clear and let go the fmall bower anchor, 
 which was immediately done. We veered the 
 cable out to the fervice and ftoppered the cable, 
 the wind at N. E. by E. we found the (hip drive 
 to fhore very faft, depth of water feventeen fa- 
 thoms. Half paft ten we had eight feet water 
 in the (hip's hold, kept the pumps working. About 
 eleven o'clock we found the (hip fettle, depth of Eleven 
 water twelve or fourteen fathoms, and then the o'clock, 
 anchor brought the fhip up, but the cable part- 
 ed in a few minutes, then we let the (heet an- 
 chor go which was all we had. The fea now 
 made a free paiTage over us again, which broke 
 and tore away our boats and booms. The fheet 
 cable tore out with fuch violence that no man 
 could venture near it, 'till the clench brought up 
 the (hip. Depth of water about feven fathoms. 
 The cable held feme time, but the fea came in 
 with fuch force and fo very high, that in the 
 hollow of the fea the fliip ftruck, and the cable 
 
 im- 
 
[ 378 ] 
 
 Apr. T4, immediately parted. It was now near twelve o'clock, 
 1749. the fhip flruck fore and aft but abaft very hard. 
 
 ' — / — ' The third Lieutenant was near mc when the fhip 
 
 Twelve, firft (truck, but I faw no more of him afterwards. 
 
 o'clock. I kept the fore caftle accompanied by the boat-- 
 fwain, cook, and about eight men more, I got my- 
 felf lafhed to the bitts before the (hip took heel, 
 but fhifted myfelf over to windward when (he 
 began to heel, and laihed myfelf as before, the 
 
 Niorn- ^^^ continually beating over us. About two faw 
 ii-,0 the Captain's cabbin wafhed away, and the (hip 
 almoft on her broad fide. When daylight came, we 
 were fixteen men on the forecaftle, and four hang- 
 ing abaft to the timber heads, but three of the 
 the laft got on a piece of the wreck, which was 
 loofe and drove away, the other was drowned ; 
 all this time the fea came over us in a dreadful 
 manner fo that we could fcarce take breath. About 
 eight o'clock nine men were waflied off the fore- 
 caftle. We could now fee the trees a(hore be- 
 tween the feas. About nine o'clock the boat- 
 fwain and cook were wa(hed away from each fide of 
 me, then I removed myfelf to the cathead as did 
 another man alfo. Abou: ten o'clock all our men 
 v/ere wafhed away except we that were lafhed 
 to the cathead ; we judged we were near two 
 miles off the fhore ; we continued there all the 
 day, the fea beating over us continually fo that 
 we had little time to fetch breath or fpeak to 
 
 *\pr I ^ °"^ another. At noon we found the fea to come 
 "'' every way upon us, and could perceive the wind 
 was fhifted which was the caufe thereof This 
 part of the wreck kept faft, but night coming 
 on we had a difmal profpect before us, having 
 no hopes of relief About midnight the fea a 
 little abatfd, fo that we could fpeak to one ano- 
 ther for the fpace of two or three minutes toge- 
 ther ; but I found myfelf fo weak having been 
 fick ever fmce we arrived in the country, that 
 
 when 
 
[ 379 ] 
 when the fea wafhed me on one fide in my lafh- Apr. 15, 
 ing I was not able to help myfelf up, but was 1749- 
 obliged to get my companion to affilt me. Ac '^ — ^r-^ 
 day light 1 found myfelf much weaker and very 
 thirfty. The fea at this time came over us once 
 in a quarter of an hour : we found the wreck 
 much nearer the fhore than yeilcrday. Some time 
 after day light my companion told me he faw a 
 flag to the northward, which we judged to be 
 at Porto-Novo, a Dutch fetdement, which gave 
 us great hopes that we (hould foon have fome 
 afliftance. About noon we found the fea much 
 abated, fo that it feldom came over us, and the 
 weather began to be fine, but I found myfelf very 
 faint. About two or three o'clock we faw two Three 
 paddy boats coming along fhore about a mile o'clock, 
 without us -, we fpread abroad a handkerchief 
 which I had about my neck that the boats might 
 fee US; one of them feemed to edge towards us 
 for fome minutes but hauled off again. Then we 
 faw feveral Catamarans near the fhore which we 
 judged to be fifhing, we fpread abroad the hand- 
 kerchief again, but none of them approached us. 
 Soon after we faw feveral people gather together 
 afhore, the fun began to grow low, fo that we 
 judged it to be about five o'clock. At laft we 
 faw two of the Catamarans above mentioned co- 
 ming towards us with three black men on each. 
 They took us off the wreck and carried us afhore. 
 As foon as we were landed, we found ourfelves 
 furrounded by about three hundred armed men. 
 My companion told me we were fallen into the 
 hands of the Marattas who were at this time in 
 arms againft the Englifh ; they ordered us to come 
 off the Catamarans : I ftrove to rife, but fuund 
 myfelf fo very weak, and my legs fo terribly bruif- 
 ed, that I could not get up ; upon which fome 
 of them came and lifted me off, and laid me upon 
 the fand, for I could not ftand. I made a fign 
 
 to 
 
( S»o ) 
 
 them that I wanted fome water to drink, but they 
 gave me none, and only laughed at our conditi- 
 on. Their commander ordered fome of them to 
 flrip us, which they did quite naked ; but before 
 they ftripped me, they took a pair of gold but- 
 tons out of my fleeves, two half crowns, my keys 
 and a knife out of my pockets, and having metal 
 buttons on my breeches, they cut them ofFalfo, When 
 they had ftripped me they made a kind of clout of my 
 fhirt to hide my nakednefs. During this time, we 
 were in the utmoft want of fomething to quench our 
 thirft. As I was notable to walk, they led us part of 
 the way to Davecotta (a fort belonging to them) and 
 there put us into a canoe and carried us up a river to 
 the fort walls. About ten this night they put us with- 
 in the walls and laid us on the ground, where we had 
 nothing to cover us but the heavens, and about eleven 
 ^ they brought us a little rice and fome water. Great 
 numbers of people gathered round us, laughing at 
 us, and exprefling great contempt and derifion. We 
 got little fleep that night, being extreamly cold, and 
 not without apprehenfions for our lives, as they had 
 threatened to cut us to pieces with their cutlafles. 
 When day light appeared the gates being opened, I 
 found my felf very fick, and feized with the flux, and 
 my legs extreamly bad, fo that I concluded I could 
 not furvive much longer, if deftitute of better relief. 
 1 told my companion I could not live long, and defired, 
 that if ever he got home, he would give my friends 
 thehiftoryof my death. Some days they gave us a 
 little rice, and fome days none at all. About the fe- 
 venth day they gave me fome lamp oil, with which I 
 bathed my legs, and found fome eafe by it. 
 
 The country people flocked daily to the fort to fee 
 us i but none of them fhewed us the leafl: pity, 
 but on the contrary laughed at, and threatned us 
 with death. Our lodging-place was between the 
 gate-ways, and when we had been there fourteen or 
 fifteen days they carried us into the country. Tho* 
 
 my 
 
[ 38' ] 
 
 my legs were much better, yet ftill I could not walk, 1 749, 
 and my companion was likewife extreme weak, 
 which I believe was chiefly owing to our want of 
 more victuals ; fo they put us into dooleys, or cradles, 
 faflened together with ropes, which they got from 
 the wreck. About four o'clock on the fifteenth day 
 they carried us about twelve miles to their King, who 
 was encamped againfl our Company's troops. By 
 him we were examined, and he queftioned us if 
 cither of us was an officer; this {judged fafeft to 
 deny, as the contrary would render our eicape 
 the more difficult. The King was defirous we Ihould 
 enter into their fervice ; but we told him (by the 
 interpreters who were three Dutchmen) that we 
 could not confent to it. He faid, we (hould want for 
 nothing if we would ferve him ; we replied, we 
 were very ill and not fit for any fervice. However 
 we were ordered a good meals viduals, which 
 was the only one we had had fmce our being amongft 
 them. The linguifts afked us, if it was not bet- 
 ter to enter into their fervice than be fent to prifon ; 
 we told them we could not anfwer to fight againft 
 our own Countrymen. With that they travelled us 
 till midnight (it being near fun fet when we fet out) 
 and then refted till near three in the morning, at 
 which time they fet out with us again, and kept on 
 till noon, when they refted about two hours to eat, 
 and then proceeded about S. W. till it was night, 
 and we came to a fort, and were immediately 
 put into a dungeon. There were two more pri- 
 foners, one of them our fhip-mate, the other a de- 
 ferter from the India company's troops. Our new 
 comrades told us they had been there three days. 
 At fun rifing the next morning the door of the dungeon 
 was opened, and figns were made to us to come out, 
 which my comrades did ; but for my part I kept in, 
 being very ill and weak, and my legs exceeding 
 painful and full of running ulcers. I begged they 
 would get me fome lamp oil to bathe them with, 
 
 which 
 
[ 3»2 ] 
 
 1749. which they accordingly did. They fed us as before 
 with rice, water, and a little gee, viz. a quart of 
 rice a day for four, and a noggen of gee inftead of 
 butter. I bathed my legs with the gee and oil, and in 
 four or five days they were gready mended, which 
 gave me fome fpirits. For we had liberty in the day 
 time to walk before the dungeon. 
 
 In about three weeks time my legs were almofl well, 
 fo that I was able to walk. We now began 
 to entertain- fome hopes of making our efcape. 
 And taking an opportunity, I with fome difficulty got 
 high enough upon the wall to look over it, and found 
 it was very high, and furrounded with a wide 
 mote or ditch ; but there was a path between the 
 wall and the ditch, fo that we might chufe our 
 place to fwim over if it proved deep. We got at 
 feveral times (bme flrands of rope of the dooleys 
 which they had carried us in, as they happened to be 
 left within the bounds of our liberty. And in a 
 few days we got fo many pieces, as when knotted 
 together made feven fathoms and an half After 
 fome confultation we refolved to undermine the 
 foundation of the dungeon at the fartheft part from 
 the guards, and on the twenty-feventh of May began 
 to work. On the firft of June we came to the 
 foundation, being fix feet deep ; and the wall thir- 
 ty inches through. In two days time we had 
 worked upwards on the other fide fo far, that the 
 light began to appear through the furface, fo that 
 we let every thing remain till night. At feven it be- 
 ginning to grow dark, they put us into the dungeon 
 as ufual ; and foon after, we worked ourfelves quite 
 out, and without being difcovered, got over the wall 
 by the help of our rope, and in lefs than half an 
 hour, had all crofTed the mote, though very deep 
 and wide. We travelled all night we judged a- 
 bout fixteen miles, and in the day time hid ourfelves 
 among the bufhes : the fecond night we travelled as 
 befoje to the S. E. and day coming or, we conceal- 
 ed 
 
[ 383 ] 
 cd ourfelves among fome rulhes. About three in 17/19. 
 the afternoon we were difcovered, which obliged us 
 to go on, but we were not molefted. We pro- 
 ceeded till about midnight, and then flept till the 
 dawning of the day. I now had a very (Irong fever 
 on me, and was extremely weak for want of fome- 
 thing to eat. This day, being the third, we agreed 
 to travel till noon and plunder the firft fmgle houfe 
 we could meet with. But providence was more fa- 
 vourable to us than we expeded ; for about 
 ten o'clock we met a Cooley, who told us he would 
 ihew us to Carikal, which was a fettlement belong- 
 ing to the French. We thanked the Almighty for 
 this joyful news, and gladly accepted the offer. About 
 noon we arrived there, and were received with great 
 humanity and kindnefs, but my fever was not at all 
 abated. The next morning the governor fent to Mr. 
 Eofcawen to let him know we were there, and by 
 the return of the meflenger the Admiral defired we 
 might be furnifhed with what money we wanted. In 
 twelve days time we found ourfelves well recovered, 
 and went to Trinkabar, a place belonging to the 
 Danes, where we flayed three days, and then got a 
 paffage to fort St. David's where I arrived with my 
 two fhipmates (the deferter having left us at Carikal) 
 the twenty-third of June, and immediately waited 
 on our Admiral. 
 
 THE END. 
 
P R O C £ K D I M G S of the Commissaries at 
 S A D R A S S. 
 
 ARTICLES propoftd on the 23d Jan. 1754, by MelTrs. 
 PvObert Palk r.nd Henry Vaniittart, as a bafis to the confe- 
 rences they are appointed by the preiident and council of Fort St. 
 George to hold at Sadrafi, with the reverend father Lavaur and 
 Melfrs. De Beaiifet ar;d De Kerjean, deputies an t!ie part of the 
 nii:rquls Dupleix, governor of Fondichery, for terminating the pre- 
 fent troubles in the Carnateck. 
 
 A R T I C L E I. 
 
 Nabob Anaverdy Cawn Behauder Ihall be acknowledged as Scuba 
 of the Carnateck in as full aind ample a manner as his father or any 
 other Soubas have enjoyed the province. 
 
 IF. The king of Tan]ore lliail alfo be comprehended in this treaty, 
 and the peaceable polT<:liion of his kingdom guaranteed to him by the 
 contradting parties. 
 
 To the Konourahle Thomas Saundersj Efq^ 
 Honourable Sir, 
 We met the French deputies early this morning according to ap= 
 pointment. They produced a paper of which the incloled is a 
 tranflation, and fome Perfian writings, which they called original 
 grants, defiring we might examine them. We anfwered, that as 
 they had already been comtiunieated to you, it v/ould be only lofing 
 lime; that we could not take upon lis to fay whether thefe grants 
 were genuine or nor, nor v/hether thofe that gave them had a pov/er 
 lo to do ; that Salabarzing was well known to be in a fituation not 
 to refufe any thing to the French ; and that It was a great doubt 
 whether the Mogul knew what gr.tnts Salabatzing had given, though 
 he is faid to have approved ot his acts. That Gauzedey Cawn's 
 being fent to depofe him was no ftrong argument on his fide ; that 
 In ihort, all thefe points had been fo often contelled between you 
 and Mr. Dupleix, that it was unneceifary to enter on a further dif- 
 cuffion j that the marquis was well acquainted with your fentiments, 
 and that it would be needlels and vain for u-i to attempt to explain 
 them better. We thought therefore that it would be employing our 
 time much more to the purpofe, if we proceeded to the propofals 5 
 and that we would begin by commuri!ca;tjng our preliminaries ; upon 
 v.'hich we delivered them the paper of which we fent vou a 
 Copy vefterday, affuring them at the fan)e time, that if they were 
 admitted, a fpeedy fadsfaiStion might eahly be found for all parties. 
 They entered into a long detail to invalidate Anarverdy Cawn's 
 title, which we fuj)ported by arguments founded on Nazirzing's 
 Phirmaunds, confirmed by Gauzedey Cavvn, and even by the Mogul* 
 This ended in a declaradort from them that they could not conlent 
 
 A tg- 
 
[ 2 1 
 
 to our propofals, but that tliev would tranfmlt them to Pondiclienr 
 and wait for an anfv. er. They then retired, with a promife of 
 fending us what they intended as preliminaries on their part ; and 
 two hours afterwards we received the extraordinary propofitions 
 which come inciofed, but not without reprefenting that fuch an Un- 
 rcafonable demand would rather help to inflame than accommodate 
 the ditferences, however that we would tranfmit it to Mr. Saundera, 
 v.'lio no doubt v;ouldbe full erf" reionnoijfanee for the indcpendancy 
 of Msdrafs. 
 
 On the receipt of our preliminaries it is not improbable but Mf. 
 Dupleix may fend orders to his deputies to return : in that cafe wc 
 ftiall be giad of the fame liberty from you. We arc only forry there 
 is no inclination on their fide towards a reafonable accommodation. 
 They would have it believed, that the marquis's right of govern- 
 u^.ent from the river Krifnah to the fea is inconteftible. 
 We are, with great refpecl, 
 Honourable Sir, 
 Your moft obedTent humble Servants, 
 Sadrafs, 23d Jan. Robert Palk. 
 
 1754. Henry Vansittart- 
 
 Fiyfl Memorial prefented to the deputies of the Eftglijh nation hy 
 thofe of the French nation, in the conferences held at Sadrafs 
 to conjatt on means to terminate the troubles of the country. 
 Itbeingfirft agreed that we ihould begin by communicating recipro- 
 cally the pieces that are to ferve as a bafis to the prcfent negotiation^ 
 the French deputies communicated the following pieces. 
 
 I. A Perwana of Muzapharzing, viceroy of Decan, which ap- 
 points the marquis Dupleix, intitled Zupherzing in the Perfian lan- 
 guage, commarjder of all the territories in his dependance from the 
 river Krifnah to the lea. 
 
 II. Another Perwanaof Saiabatzing, faccefTor to Muzapherzing, 
 confirming the foregoing. 
 
 III. A faned granted by the abovefaid Muzapherzing to Chunda 
 Saib, otherwife called Huflan Doft Cawn, for the Carnateck 
 countrv. 
 
 IV. Another faned granted to the fame by Salabatzlng after the 
 death of Muzaphering. 
 
 V. A Perwana of Salabatzing to give the countries of Arcot 
 and Trichinopoly to the marquis Dupleix after the death of Chunda 
 Saib. 
 
 VI. Two Perwana's of the fame, confirming the foregoing, and 
 nominating Mootis Ally Cawn, governor of the citadel of Velour, 
 lieutenant under the marquis Dupkix in the Arcot and Trichino- 
 poly countries. In one of thefe mention is made of a faned formerly 
 granted to Raja Saib, fon of Chunda Saib, for the Trichinopoly 
 country, 
 
 VII. 
 
1 5 i 
 
 Vll. A moft p.uthentick Phirmaiind from the Great Moglij, ap-« 
 J^roving and confirming all that Salabatzing has done in favour of th« 
 !iiarquis Dupleix. 
 Tranflated fiom the French Signed Fr. Lavau r, fiiperior general 
 original in our hands, of the French jefuits in India. 
 
 Robert Palk. Bausset. 
 
 Hek&y V/irv'siTTART. De Ke;<;e/,m. 
 
 Hhe Anpvjer and the Propofals of the French deputies to the 
 Englijb deputies ajjetnbled at Sndrafs, the l^d of fanuaiy^ 
 
 »754- 
 
 Gentlennen, 
 The propoial that we Cannot avoid making previoiifly to all others, 
 :s the reititution of the French prifoners, which regularly ought to 
 be the firir preliminary, for the reafons which have been fo often fet 
 forth to JVIr. Saunders. 
 
 Coming next to the affairs 6f the Carnateck, and v/hat you call 
 your propofals V/e beg you will remark hrfr, that they are only a de- 
 mand by which you require that we Ihall give up all, before we 
 have treated of any thing. Secondly, that fuch a demand does not 
 appear to be founded on any title j you do not even communicate to 
 lis the title of Mahomed Allee Ca'vn, on v/hich you pretend to 
 juftify thg^legality of your alliance with him, v/hich would not ap- 
 pear lawful to us, conlidering the peace between the two nations^ 
 were Mahomed Al'ee Cawn even authorifed. The faned of Na- 
 ierzing, which you quote in his favour, Ihould be a paper to be; 
 examined ; but iuppofing its exiftence, you cannot difpute that 
 they are invalidated by the Saned granted afterv.ards to others, 
 by thofe who have a right to appoint to the governments of the 
 Carnateck. Thirdly and laftiy, the marquis Dupleix has alreadv 
 abfolutely declared to the . honourable Mr. Saunders, that ha 
 looked upon it as a refufal to treat, to propofe tJie aforefaid preli- 
 minary, that is to begin v.-ith acknowledging Mahomed Allee as legal 
 and abfolute mailer of the Carnateck; if it was relblved to perfift 
 in that, it was to no purpoie to invite lis here. 
 
 We have proved bv authentick pieces the right oi the chief of 
 the French nation to take par^ in the affairs of the Carnateck, and 
 »o make propofals concerning the faid country. The following there- 
 fore are what we have to make, with the fole motive of reftoring 
 peace to the country, and vv'hich cannot but appear advantageous to 
 your nation. 
 
 ARTICLE!, 
 The town of Madrafs, which has liitherto be?n poiTefTed by the 
 Englilh nation only in dependance, and with the acknowledgment 
 of a tribute of 4CO0 pagods a year to the Duan of Arcot, fhall 
 henceforth be independent, free from all tribute, and ihajl have no 
 other u-iafter but the honourable Englifli company ; if ther* are any 
 srrearsdue, they Ihall b« forgiven. 
 
 A z II. The 
 
[4] 
 
 II. The fald company fiiall be fecured in the legitimate polTeffiotl 
 of Pondemaly and its dependancies. 
 
 HI. Some eftahlilliment fhall be fecured to Mahomed Allee Cawn, 
 vhich ihall be agreed on if the preliminaries are received, and his 
 ditferences with the Maiflbreans about Trichinopoly fhali be con- 
 ciliated. 
 
 IV. In confideration of the foregoing advantages, the Engli(H 
 fliall evacuate the places taken from the French, to u'hom they be- 
 longed, whether by right of conqueft or conceffion, as well as aU 
 other places in the Caj nateck country, without oppofmg the dif- 
 pofition and regulations made by Salabatzing, to whom this right 
 belongs without any doubt. 
 
 Thefe propofals comprehend the priiKipal heads which are the 
 objedft of the negotiation. If any queftions arile which have been 
 omitted, we vi ill add to this memorial, in proportion as they appear. 
 
 With regard to Tanjoar, the marquis Dupleix has already de- 
 clared to the honourable Mr. Saunders, that it w-as in the breaft of 
 the Tanjoreans to be at peace with the French ; and that he would 
 give them aifurances, fr«e from equivocation, if they on their part 
 would lay down then: arnis. We renev/ the fame declaration, as 
 tar as can be necelTary. 
 
 Tranflated from the French Signed Fr. Lavaur. 
 
 original in our hands, Bausset. 
 
 Robert Palk. De Kerjean. 
 
 Henry Vansittart. 
 
 Tj Meffrs. Palk and Vanfittart. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 I have received your letters of the zzd and 23d, with the an- 
 fu'er of the French deputies to yours, and their propofals, on which 
 you fliall have full inttruttions to-morrow morning. 
 
 This is chiefly tadeiire you will demand of the French deputies 
 the dates of the feveral faneds to themfelves and Chundah ; from 
 thefe depends the confuting them. 
 
 Should any orders come to them from Pondichery before you re- 
 ceive ours, acquaint them you expeiSt final ones from me ; and then 
 I fuppofe the conference will break up. 
 
 1 he following is a paragraph of a Letter, dated Bandarmalanka, 
 19th January. , 
 
 " Since ray laft a report has been fpread, that Mr. Eufly has 
 been cut off, and Salabatzing made prifoner, and Jaffir Ally 
 *' Cawn expedts new phirmaunds for the country &\Qxy day."— — 
 Should this be true, it muft be very foon confirmed. 
 I am, Gentlemen, 
 
 Fort St.George, i^th Jan. Your aiort obedient Servant, 
 
 1754. 8 P.M. Thomas Saunders. 
 
[ 5 ] , 
 
 fo Mejfrs. Palk and Vanfittart 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 As on the validity of the feveral faneds Mr. Dupleix Is laid to be 
 Inverted with, depends in a great meafure the anlwer thereto, the 
 tranflator (as you have none) will fet out to morrow morning, when 
 you will demand that he may fee them, take their dates, nay a co- 
 py of them ; by which we /hall eafily judge of their authenticknefs. 
 
 I am, Gentlmen, 
 Fort St. George, 24th Jan. Your molt obedient Servant, 
 
 1754. 1 I P. M. Thomas Sau.vders. 
 
 P. S. Pleaie to return him with the copies exprels. 
 
 To the honourable Thomas Saunders, Efq ; 
 Honourable Sir, 
 Your general letter of the zzd and 23d u'e received the 24th, 
 and laft night we were favoured with two from you of the 24th. 
 Ours of the 23d will fhew you that we have ftriitly adhered to 
 your inilru^ions in the firft ; and with regard to the latter, the 
 French gentlemen are already acquainted with our intentions, and 
 Confent that the faneds ihall be enquired into the moment the tranf- 
 lator arrives. They hope that it may promote the conference, and 
 give us to underfland that by degrees it is not impolfible but we may 
 come to an agreement, though we do not find they are the leatl in- 
 clinable to our firft article. If the news from Bandarmalanka 
 Ihould prove true, and Gauzedey Cawn's fon have received the 
 phirmaunds, it will be a very ftrong argument on our fldc; as they 
 uifift chiefly on the validity of theirs. 
 
 We are, with great refpe<2. 
 Honourable Sir, 
 Sadrafs, 26 Jan. 1754. Your moft obedient humble Servants, 
 ^ paft 10 A. M, Robert Palk. 
 
 Henry Vansittajit. 
 
 To the honourable Thomas Saunders, Efq ; 
 Honourable Sir, 
 The tranflator arriving this morning, the French deputies met us, 
 and we let about copying the faneds. On Moodo Kifnah's obferv- 
 ing the feven firft were only copies, we told them that wc expected 
 to have feen the originals ; they anfwered, that Mr. Dupleix had 
 them at Pondichery, and, if required, they ihould be fent hither ; 
 but that copies attefted by the Caudy were elleemed of equal vali- 
 dity. This caufed fome difpute, but we agreed to proceed in the 
 copying. On examination it appearing that the firft had no date, 
 the father Lavaur immediately objected, that unlets we produced 
 Nazirzing's faned to Anaverdy Cawn, they could not admit of theirs 
 being copied ; that an anfwer Ihould firft be given to their propofals, 
 pnd the Nabobs powers produced, that the pieces on both fides 
 might be examined at the fame time. We replied, that as we had aded 
 
 A 3 ii'om 
 
[ 6 ] 
 
 from the beginning only as allies to the Circar, the faneds could 
 not be in our hands, but in the Nabob's ; that Nazirzing fupport- 
 ing him at the head of a numerous army, was a ftrong faned in his 
 favour; and that we did not join him bur at the repeated inftances 
 of Nazirzing hinifelf Upon this they recalled the copies of three 
 or four of the faneds that were already finilhed. defiring that we 
 would acquaint you with what had happened ; and farther, 
 that if our preliminaries were to be infifted on, the treaty mufc 
 drop ; for that Mr. Dupleix was abfolutely and poffitively deterr 
 mined never to acknowledge Anaverdy Cawn for Scuba of the 
 province. Here the conference ended ; however we had time to 
 obfcrve, that the faned from the Grand Mogul, whidi they declared 
 to be the original, had no chop, only a feal of wax annexed to the 
 cover in which it is faid to have come. Moodo Klftna took a copy 
 of the infcription which we inclofed to you. if the figures at bottom 
 are the year of the Hegyra (and we know not what elfe it can fig- 
 nii'y) it is thirty-four years old ; for this is the year of the Hegyra 
 1167. 
 
 Moodo Kiftna will fet out this evening, as you may probably want 
 him at Madrafs. Should you find it necelTary to return him to us, 
 your orders will meet him on the road. 
 
 Sadrafs, 27 Jan. i 754. We are, with great refpeft, 
 
 The fuperfcription- Honourable Sir, 
 
 A Phirmaundof high dignity Your moft obedient 
 
 in the name of governor humble Servants, 
 
 general Eehauder Zapher Robert P.\lk. 
 
 Jung. Hekrv \ansittaRT, 
 
 On one fide of the feal. 
 The Country belongs to God 3 
 
 ' »i33- 
 
 On the other fide. 
 
 Order belongs to God 3 
 
 1133. 
 
 To the honourable Thomas Saunders, Efq-y 
 Honourable Sir, 
 Inclofed is the copy of a letter which we have ju ft received from 
 the French deputies, with our anfwer. Unlefs our Interpreters are 
 greatly miftaken, the Mogul's faned is not original. 
 
 We beg your anfwer as foon as poffible, as the gentlemen begin tq 
 grow impatient. 
 
 ^ We are, with great refpedt, 
 
 Sadrafs, 27 Jan. 1754. Honourable Sir, 
 
 7 P. M. your moft obedient 
 
 Humble Servants, 
 Robert Palk. 
 Hii.\8.Y Vansittart. 
 
 Letter 
 
[ 7 ] 
 
 Let ley from the French, to the Englijh deputies. 
 Gentlemen, 
 Be lo good as to reprefent to Mr. Saunders, that if we require to 
 fee the original laneds that Mahomed Allee Cawn pretends to have 
 from Nazjrzing, it is only to convince yourfelves, gentlemen, that 
 Mahomed Allee Cawn has impofed upon you ; hut mppofing even 
 the reality of this faned, you are as well acquainted as we, of the 
 little validitv it could be of, after the faneds granted by the fucceflbrs 
 ox Nazarzing. It is therefore needlefs, gentlensen, to wait for this 
 faned all the time it will take to fend for it from Trichinophol'/, where 
 you told'us it was, and to befo long idle. Befides, as you have de- 
 clared to us, that independant of all pieces, Mr. Saunders infilted on 
 the preliminary propofed j pleafe to alk him for his frelh intentions 
 on that article, lince they are decifive for the continuation or the 
 breaking up of the conferences ; without them we could only at the 
 «nd of ffteen days, which would be loft, tell him what was ex- 
 .prefsly declared to him before we came here. 
 
 We beg you will alfo communicate to him all that we have had 
 the honour to fay to you, gentlemen, on the iubjecliof fecuring the 
 nioft perfeft libertv of commerce, fuch as the Englilh may deftre, as 
 well on the means of el1:abli(hing in this country a perpetual and in- 
 variable peace between the two nations. We wilh with all our heart 
 that thefe two objects may make on Mr. Saunders the impreilioa 
 they deferve. 
 
 We are, with true r.elped, 
 Tranflated from the original Gentlemen, 
 
 in our hands, Your moft humble 
 
 Robert P.\lk. And moft obedient Servants, 
 
 JifiNRY Vansittap.t. Fr. L. Lavaur. 
 
 Bausett. 
 De Kerjean. 
 the Anfwer to the foregoing Letter, 
 to the re'verend Father Lavaur and Mejfrs. De Baufet andDe Ker- 
 jean, deputies of the French nation. 
 Gentlemen, 
 We have received the Letter which you did us the honour to 
 write to us ; we have already communicated the contents to Mr. 
 Saunders. 
 
 We are not a little furprized to find th^t Kazirzing's appointment 
 ofAnaverdy Cawn to the foubalhip of the Carnateck is difputed, 
 fmce neither the marquis Dupleix nor you, gentlemen, can be igno- 
 rant, that this malter of Deckan not only granted him the faneds, 
 but fupported him v,-ith a numerous army to put him in poftefnon of 
 the government, which he would have enjoyed peaceably to this 
 day, and the country have remained in perfeft tranquillity, had it fo 
 pieafed the marquis Dupleix. 
 
 A 4 The 
 
[ 8 ] 
 
 The Englifh entered into an alliance with Anaverdy Cawn in fupr 
 port of this title, which, to give it all poilible iorce, has fince been 
 (confirmed by Gauzedy Cawn and his Ion Shaw Abadin Cawn, the 
 fucceeding maftersof Deckan; and it is for thefefubftantial reafons, 
 that his rights are made the bafis of the prefent conferences : wheri 
 this is fettled, the equitable demands of ail parties may be eafily re- 
 conciled. 
 
 As to the {aneds, it was your firft propofal that yours would be 
 enquired into ; and we are at a lofs to guefs the reafon of your de- 
 clining it after iome copies had been taken : pieces of fo publick a 
 nature might, weappreiiend, beexpofed to all the world. Dut wo' 
 cannot help remarking to you, that the firit of thefe faneds is with- 
 oiitdatej and the only original one you produced, faid to come 
 from the Great Mogul, wants what we are affured are the ufual 
 forms, which certainly Ihould not have been negleG.ed in a piece of 
 fo much confequence ; for inllance, it has no chop of the Mogul 
 or his Vifier, it has no fign manual, and under the iuperfcription of 
 the feai annexed to the cover are the figures 1133, the date no doubt 
 pf the Hegyra, according to the cuftom of the country; and if fo, 
 we need not tell you that it is thirty-four years old, this being the 
 year of the Hegyra 1 167. 
 
 Withregard to the faneds of Anaverdy Cawn, we have had the 
 honour to acquaint you, that as we are only allies, the originals he 
 has from time to time received reft with him, and attefted copies may 
 be procured whenever it Ihall be thought necCifary. 
 
 As Mr. Saunders has nothing more at heait than a juft and equi- 
 table peace to the reciprocal advantage of both nations, we cannot 
 butwifh Mr. Dupleix would give proofs of the fame fentiments. 
 We have the honour to be, 
 
 Sadrafs, 27 January, With the moll perfect regard, 
 
 1754. Gentlemen, 
 
 Your moft obedient humble Servants, 
 Robert Palk. 
 Henry Vansjtt.^rt, 
 
 To the honourahle Thomas Saunders, Efq; 
 
 Honourable Sir, 
 We have yet received no anfwer from the French deputies to our 
 letter of the 27th. The father Lavaur took a tranOation of it that 
 evening, as we explained the fenfe to him, for none of them under- 
 flandany Englifli ; and when he came to our remarks, he confefled 
 that things to befure could not be decided by faneds j that we fiiould 
 proceed further in our propofals, and try if affairs could not be ac- 
 commodated in that manner : however, he talked yefterday of* fend- 
 ing us an anfwer j but as it is fo long cotning, we imagine they have 
 
 wrote 
 
[ 9 ] 
 
 wrote to Pondlchery for one. It feems to be paft all doubt, that 
 Mr. Dupleix's friend at the court of Delhi has deceived him. 
 
 We are, with great refpeiit, 
 Honourable Sir, 
 Sadrafs, 29 Jan. 1754. Your moft obedient 
 
 •I paft 8 A. M. Humble fervants, 
 
 Robert Palk. 
 Henry Vansittart. 
 To Mejfrs. Palk fl«^ Vanfittart. 
 Gentlemen, 
 We annex hereto our inftrudtions for your anfwer to the French 
 deputies memorial, lepl/ to their anfwer and propofals, and our freih 
 propofals. l^y what has already paft, we are convinced Mr. Dupleix 
 has no intentions of peace. You will receive an anfwer in writing to 
 pur propofals, which we fuppofe will put an end to the conference. 
 
 We are, Gentlemen, 
 Fort St. George, Your moft obedient {ervants, 
 
 3oJan. 1754. Thomas Saunders. 
 
 Charges Boddam. 
 Henry Powney. 
 Alexander Wynch. 
 John Smith. 
 Charles Bourchier. 
 ^tij'wer to he prefentedhy the Englifo Commijjaries to the fir Jl memo- 
 rial delinjered by the French Deputies at Sadrafs. 
 Our firft propofal being, that Nabob Mahomed Ailee Cawn fiiould 
 be acknowledged Souba of the Carnateck ; his right being founded 
 on faneds granted by the feveral princes of the Deckan, it is matter 
 of furprife to us, that the marquis Dupleix, who is only an ally of 
 the'country powers, fhould alfume to himfelf the authority and go- 
 vernment, not only of this province, but of the whole country 
 from Cape Comorin to the River Kriftna, in direft oppofition to the 
 eftabliihed laws of the Mogul, and his officers legally appointed -, to 
 us, and to every one well known- Yet as Mr. Dupleix in his letters 
 to Mr. Saunders advanced, that he had feveral faneds to fupport this 
 authority, prelling repeatedly an examination of them j and the 
 French commiffaries prefenting the fame, we agreed to it : upon the 
 perufal of fonie of them, the incoherencies appearing fo very ftrong, 
 they then declined, and denied us any farther fcrutiny. The reafon 
 alfigned by Father Lavaur, that unlefs the Nabob's faned from Na- 
 zirzing was firft produced, they would not admit of a farther fcru- 
 tiny, we think unjuft and groundlefs j becaufe on the validity of 
 thofe faneds certainly depends Mr. Dupleix's authority to judge of 
 Nabob Anaverdy Cawn's right, and is therefore what Ihould be firft 
 fettled. But we cannot help thinking that Father Lavaur was influ- 
 enced by a more cogent reafon ; he knew too well they would not 
 bear the teft. The palpable defeds found in thofe we had the pe- 
 jufal of, give us full liberty to make this conclufion. 
 
 As 
 
[ lo] 
 
 As patents of fo publlck a nature are in their very intention grant- 
 ed to be publifhed to the whole community, what can their fuppref- 
 fmg an examination into them mean more thnn a conicioufnefs of 
 their illegality. To every candid reader it muil: certainly appear fo ; 
 and as we are from undoubted facc'^ convinced that they are of no 
 force, we objeft to them, denv their validity, and declare that Mr. 
 Dupleix has no morL- authority to govern this province than any pri- 
 vate perfoii whatfoever. 
 
 Reply to be made hy the Englijh Commijfaries to the anpive; and prc~ 
 fofnls of the French Deputies. Dated Z^ January y 17^4. 
 
 That it is very certain Mr. Dupleix has often wrote to Mr. Saun- 
 ders concerning the French prifoners, and thai he has ufed his in- 
 fluence with the Nabob for their x'elief ; which has been returned 
 with breach of honour, by feveral officers appearing in arms againtt 
 him contrary to their parole ; and though by this they were liable to 
 immediate death, they have by his intercelfion been pardoned : that 
 as Mr. Dupleix cannot be ignorant that prifoners are never releafed 
 till a peace is concluded, he will certainly think it reafonable when 
 we tell him, that when the articles on which the peace and fecuri- 
 ties of the Nabob's government depends are fettled, this will be iin^ 
 mediately confidered. 
 
 And as it appears evidently by the invalidity of thele papers Mr. 
 Dupleix is pleafed to introduce under the name of faneds, that he 
 has no authority to conteft the commiffions granted by the Mogul's 
 legal officers; yet we are ready, if he defiresit, to remove all doubt 
 he may have concerning Nabob Mahomed Alice's juft title, and wil) 
 fend for copies attelled of the fmeds granted him by Naxirzing, 
 Gauzedey Cawn, and confirmed by Gauzedey Cawn's fon, for the 
 perufal of Mr. Dupleix or his commiffaries. 
 
 Tho'our propolal of Mahomed Alice's being Souba of the Carna- 
 teck is founded on juftice and eqiilry, as no Nabob but himfelf has 
 been named to that government lince his father Anaverdey Cawn's 
 death, and is fo far abfolute, that no peace can be concluded with- 
 out it; yet in regard to Mr. Dupleix it is conditional, and he is de- 
 fired to give in his demands, which will be confidered, and, if con- 
 fident with the tranquillity of the country, granted; fo that it can» 
 not be faid that they Ihould give up every thing. And if Mr. Du-. 
 pleix is not fatisned with the faned from Nazirzing, Gauzedey Cawn's 
 cannot bedifputed; but fhould this be the cafe, furely when it is 
 confirmed by Gauzedey Cawn's fon it will be deemed juft to any 
 others. 
 
 They are pleaied to fay they have proved by authentick pieces, 
 that the French had a right to take a part in the affairs on the coafl: 
 of Coromandel. We are of opinion thofe very papers, the invali- 
 dity of which are as clear as the fun at noon, manlt'eft evidently that 
 they had no juft grounds for fo doing ; or that we may be convinced 
 that we err, let Mr. Dupleix produce a faned from the Mogul, em- 
 powering him to take a part with Erat Mooden Cawn and Chunda 
 
 Saib, 
 
[ '> 1 
 
 6aib, in depoiing and killing Anaverdey Cawn ; let him produce a 
 Taned alfo for affilling the lame rebels in the afTafTInation of Nazir- 
 zingj'who it is univerfaily known governed the Deckan by orders 
 from the Emperor j it will be neceflary alfo to produce powers from 
 Gaiizedey Cawn, who was by the Mogul appointed fucceiTor to Na- 
 zirzing, to continue hisfupport to Chundah Saib agalnft Nabob Ma- 
 homed Allee Cawn. If he cannot produce thefe pieces, what title 
 has he to affume the government of the coall of Coromandel ? And 
 as Nabob Mahomed Allee has faneds from thefe legal princes, by 
 what authority can Mr. Dupleix difputethem .? 
 
 When Mr. Saunders made propofals to Mr. Dupleix to treat, he 
 told him it was by virtue of a power from Nabob Mahomed Allee. 
 What then can he mean by his offer, that Madrafs fbould be free 
 from the tribute of 4000 pagodas per annum, paid to the circar of 
 Arcot ; and that Poonamalee fliould be fecured to us ? We can 
 hardly furmife that he could be ignorant that the iettlement of Ma- 
 drafs never has paid fuch tribute, and that the country of Poona- 
 malee is ours by a legal grant; but fuppofing it was otherwife, it 
 has in this conference fufficiently appeared that he has no power to 
 fecure to us either; therefore thefe two articles are certainly ridicu- 
 lous and infolent. 
 
 Equally fo is the third article, to make a prifoner of a prince who 
 has beat his enemies in every battle ; and who, not compelled by 
 neceility, but through a humane difpofition to put a flop to the ca- 
 lamities of war, would treat his enemies as friends. 
 
 The fourth is abfurd and quite unintelligible; the Englilh have not 
 taken any one place from the French, nor are they at this day in pof- 
 fellion of a fingle one belonging to either French or Moors. 
 
 In regard to the King of Tanjore, the offer is an equivocation ; as 
 it is known the King of Tanjore is in alliance with the Nabob, and 
 cannot treat feparately; if a peace is concluded with the Nabob, and 
 Mr. Dupleix will engage not to moleft the King or his country, he 
 will lay down his arms. 
 
 To recapitulate the whole of the French deputies memorial, an- 
 fwer and propofals, they are, that Mr. Dupleix (the chief of the 
 French nation) grafps at the government of the coaft of Coroman- 
 del : that he produces feveral papers, which he terms faneds, to prove 
 his authority, which he offers to examination, but when found de- 
 fective, a further fcrutiny is denied : that he repeatedly defires the 
 Nabob's right may be enquired into ; but when the deputies are told 
 they Ihall be fatisfied in this point, inftead of entering into any en- 
 quiry, they declare abfolutely that Mr. Dupleix never will confent 
 to Nabob Mahomed Allee's being Subah of the Carnatick; and that 
 if the Nabob will betray his mailer, and confent that he Ihall rob 
 him of the whole coaft of Coromandel, he offers to fecure to the 
 Englilh what he would not with impunity attempt to take from them; 
 and what if they had not, he has no power to bertow. To the Na- 
 bob, under whofe protection he Ihould live peaceably, and whofe 
 
 govern- 
 
[ '2 1 
 
 government he fliouid obev, he would give a penfion ; and the Kin? 
 of Tanjore he would tempt to be a villain, in deferting his allies. 
 Thefe propolals will lufficiently fhew to our fuperiors his inclinations 
 to peace; as they will at the fame time convince the Mogul and his 
 officers of his intention to plunder him of his dominions, and induce 
 them to take fuch nieafures as may convince him that thr; liberty of 
 a nation will not eafily become a prey to the ambition of a fingle 
 fobjeCl. 
 
 Propofals to be made hy the EngUpj Co>/imi[faries in hehnlf of Nabob 
 Mnbovisd Allee to the French Deputies at Sadrafs. 
 
 As it is notorioufly evident from what has paifed in this confe- 
 rence, that by the exa-vination of thofe few papers which Mr. Du- 
 pleis calls faneds, and by the luppreifion of any further fcrutiny in^ 
 lo thcrelt, as well as by the orders from the Mogul to his feveral of- 
 ficers of the government of this province and the other part of the 
 coait of Coromandel : tliat thole papers are of no force, (hould Mr. 
 Dupleix perful in aifuming to himfelf an unlawful power thus by 
 adtsof violence in fupportof rebels to rob the Emperor of his coun- 
 try, and the people of tlieir liberty, what can it be productive of but 
 a continuance of the war? And as when it was offered thatattelled 
 copies of the Nabob's faneds Ihould be laid before Mr Dupleix or 
 his Deputies, they, without alledging any thing to difannul his right, 
 or even v/aiting for a perufai of thofe pieces, cc^ntrary to all reafoa 
 and juftice, replied that Mr. Dupleix declared ab'blutely. Nabob 
 Mahomed AHee fliould never be Subah of the province. A fpeech 
 fo arbitrary that it amounts to a publick declaration, that in open vio- 
 lation of all laws, he is refolved to ufurp the government. HoVy' 
 different is this from \m folemn proteftation, that he relerved no ani- 
 mofity to the Nabob, or that he had nothing more (iqcerelyat heart 
 than relloring peace to the country,'' We flatter ourfelves, upon 
 mature confideration Mr. Duplelx's good fenfe will lead him to lav 
 afide a fcheme fb contrary to the eftabliihed laws of the country and 
 fo deltrutlive to the people, and that he will terioufly think of peace ; 
 to promote which, and that he may be convinced of our good in- 
 tentions, we in behalf of Nabob Mahomed Allee Cawq make the 
 following propofals. 
 
 That the jS«fabob, as he is determined not to fwerve from the rules 
 of his government, but afford protedtion equally alike to the Eu- 
 ropean nations fettled on the coaft, and to put an end to the animo- 
 sities the late unhappy troubles have occafioned, will make no di- 
 ftindtion between the French and Englilh, will grant to the Frenchj 
 jaguecrs to the full amount of what were polTeffed by the Englifh ; 
 and that no difpute may in future arife, thofe Jagueers fhall be lb fi- 
 tuated as not to be liable to any inconveniencies from the fettlements 
 or poffellions of the Englilh ; and that in regard to commerce, both 
 nations fhould enjoy a free circulation through the province, without 
 partiality to either ; and that the goods paffing or repalfing through 
 
 each 
 
[ '^ J 
 
 each others Jagueers fhall not be liable to any cuftom or molella- 
 lion. 
 
 That the French fhall evacuate all places poflefled by them or by 
 their order, exclufive of thefe Jagueers ; fhali not interfere in the 
 Nabob's government, give prote6tion to, or aififi: fuch of his lub- 
 |eds who may endeavour to dilturb the peace of defraud him of hrs 
 revenues. 
 
 That when the articles for fecuring to the Nabob his government 
 are adjufted, the releafe of the prifoners Ihall be lettled in fuch man- 
 ner as may be coniiftent with the fafety of his government. 
 
 That the Nabob v.ill give the Myforeans a fecurity for i'uch a fum 
 of money as may upon an equitable itate of the account appear to be 
 due to them. 
 
 That a penfion for Ruzza Saib fliall be agreed on and fettled. 
 
 That in confideration of the above, Mr. Dupleix fhall, in behalf 
 of the French nation, acknowledge and pay all lawful obedience to 
 Nabob Mahomed AUee Cawn, as Nabob of the Carnateck, in as 
 full and ample manner as his father Anaverdey Cavvri poireired \t. 
 
 That the King of Tanjore fhall enjoy his country in peace, free 
 from any molefl:ation. 
 
 That this treaty be figned by Mr. Duplelx, as governor, &c. 
 council of Pondichery, and Thomas Saunders, governor, &c. coun- 
 cil of Fort St. George, with the feals of the refpetlive companies 
 affixed by Nabob Mahomed Allee, Subah of the Carnateck, with 
 jhe feal of the Circar ; by the King of Tanjore with his royal leal^ 
 and the King of Myfore with his. That the feveral articles con- 
 tained in this treaty fhall be guaranteed by each party to the retl ; 
 and that whofoever infringes it ihall be deemed as a common enemy,- 
 and fhall by the reft be compelled to render latisfaQion to the partv 
 aggrieved. That all animofities fhall ceafe, what has paft be buried 
 in oblivion, and a perfect friendfhip and harmony fubfifl. 
 
 To he propsfed in a feparate Article. 
 That as the influence Mr. Dupleix, ais governor of Pondichery, 
 and Mr. Saunders, governor of Madrafs, have on the country pow- 
 ers is well known, Mr. Saunders is ready to concert meafures with 
 Mr. Dupleix for eftablilhing a perfeft peace and friendfhip, not only 
 in this province, but on the whole coaft of Coromandel ; not doubt- 
 ing but if they both fincerely exert their eiKleavours, it may be with 
 fefiility effected. 
 
 To the honourable Thomas Saunders, Efqi 
 Honourable Sir, 
 The incloted letter we received from the French deputies yefter- 
 day, which we deferred anfwering till the Tappies came in, expect- 
 ing your further infli'uQions, as they might in fome meafure direct 
 us in doing it ; but as we have not yet been favoured with them, we 
 
 determined 
 
1 14 ] 
 
 c'etermmed to fend the anfwer, of which a copy alio Comes iir-' 
 doled. 
 
 We have confined ourfelves as ftri£tly as the fubjedl will permlC 
 Us to your former directions; and having thebeftof the argumenty 
 v/e thought it our duty to enforce it. 
 
 We are, with the greateft refpedl, 
 Honourable Sir, 
 Sadrafs, 30th January, Your moft obedient 
 
 1754. 2 P. M. Humble Servants, 
 
 Robert Palk. 
 Henry Vansittart/ 
 
 To Mejfrs. Palk rtrt^ Vanfittatt, Deputies of the Englifh nation. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 It is very true that wepropofed to you to begin our conferences 
 by the expofition and examination of the pieces that might fupporf 
 our reciprocal pretenfions : it is the natural method, if it is intended 
 to proceed according to the rules of juitice. To this end the mar- 
 quis Dupleix defired the honourable Mr. Saunders to fiirnilh you 
 with the titles on which you pretend to juftify the rights of Maho- 
 med Allee. W^ came here in confidence that you had brought 
 them ; but we were miftaken. That did not hinder us from pro- 
 ducing and fubmitting to your examination all our perwanas, in the 
 hopes you gave us of procuring immediately from Madrafs what- 
 ever might exift in favour of Mahomed Allee. But after the timer 
 necefTary, we faw nothing arrive but interpreters defined to exa- 
 mine our pieces ; and you faid that your's or Mahomed Alice's (which 
 is the fame thing) were at Trichinopoly. Notwithftanding this fe- 
 cond delay, which mull be much longer than the former, on account 
 of the diliance of the places, we put ours into the hands of your 
 interpreters. You required copies of them, and v.e conlented that they 
 fhould be taken. They were at work upon them when you fpoke to us 
 of anew faned of Shahabedy Cawn,fon of Gauzedey Cawn, in favour 
 of Mahomed /\.llee; and of another from the Mogul in favour of Sha- 
 habedey Cawn You had prepared us for thefe new pieces by diftant 
 hints in converfation, but you had not yet declared their exigence. We 
 were alfo prepared for them by information that had been given to Nandi 
 Raja of a pretended faned fent by Shahabedey Cawn to Mahomed 
 Allee, which falls of itfelf, as we Ihall make appear in proper time. 
 
 All that, gentlemen, ((ince we muft declare it) give us llrong 
 fufpicions that our pieces, fent by you to Mahomed Allee, niight 
 ferve his people to direft or correct the work they were employed 
 about, which had not been yet communicated to us, and of which 
 they fent you the firlt produftions, as you are lefs interefted to exa- 
 mine ftrlftly into them. 
 
 Further, you informed us that you did not propoi'e to treat 
 upon pieces, but on the propolals which Mt. Saunders had made 
 the invariable bafis of our negociation- Thereupon, gentlemen, 
 
 we 
 
 \ 
 
[ '5 ] 
 
 v:t reprefented to you, firft, that our condercenllon to you mfghf 
 appear excelFive, in that we lubmitted our pieces to you on the 
 diitant hopes of feeing yours. In reality, would it be decent that 
 we fhbuld be I'ubjed; to undergo an examination on the part of your 
 interpreters, without having on our fide the liberty of examining on 
 what you carry on a war againft us ? It is true, that we might f«p- 
 pofe the faned of Nazirzing, which is the only foundation of the pre- 
 tenfions of Mahomed Alice, without weakening ourfelves in the leaft, 
 as we have demonftrated feveral times ; but having very jullihcible 
 occaficn :o doubt of its exiilence, why lliould we give up fuch a fu- 
 perabunaance of right ? 
 
 We had the honour, gentlemen, to tell you, in the feeorRi place, 
 that the delivery of our pieces would only produce dilputes and ufe- 
 lefs delays, if Mr. Saunders v.as inBexible on his firft proportion, 
 and that we mull demand, previoully to every other thing, a final 
 declaration on his part on this article. Thefe, gentlemen, are the 
 reafons which made us recall our piece?. We had the honour to men- 
 tion them to you ; undoubtedly you did not underdand us per- 
 fectly, which makes it neceffary for us to repeat them. 
 
 We lliall anfwer your remarks on our pieces when yours arrive 
 and we enter upon this examination. Be not furprized, gentlemen, at 
 our doubt of the exiftenceof Nazirzing's laned ; if you ellablilh it on 
 proofs like what you have mentioned to us, namely, the aififta-ice he 
 gave Mahomed Allee with a numerous army to put him in poiTef. 
 lion of the Carnateck ; this motive of the v/ar of Nazirzing has 
 hitherto been a myftery undifcovered ; unluckily it is refuted, be- 
 caufe all the world is acquainted with interefts v;hich brought him 
 here, and for which he acted, all of them very foreign to Ma- 
 homed Allee. It is moreover known in what Hght he looked upon 
 him, or rather that he would not fee him. at ail, after the unfortu- 
 nate expedition which thefaid Mahomed Allee undertook with a view 
 of meriting the faned in queftion. Nazirzing thought fo little of 
 him, or of his elder brother who was in the fauie army for the go- 
 vernment of the Carnateck, that at the very time he oifered the 
 fame government to many others, the French even not excepted, if 
 they would abandon the engagements which they were in honour 
 bound to keep. Mahomed Allee himfelf never mentioned this faned 
 till the fbccelTes of the Englifti, his protectors, infpired him with, 
 views on Arcot. The Englifli themfelves when they went to join 
 him at Trichinopoly, aifigned no other pretext but to get payhient 
 of five lacks which Mahomed Allee owed them. We do not ad-" 
 vance this without proofs. At what time was the faned in quellion 
 cited? when it Vvas found neceffary to juftify a train of fads bjr 
 colours of jultice. 
 
 We mult add, gentlemen, to thefe reafons, of Vv'hich we know 
 the infufhciency for forwarding an accommodation, the alfurancea 
 which we give you afref!:, that we are ready to retrench from our 
 rights for the advantage of your nation, when it lliaii be no longer 
 
 required 
 
[ .6 ] 
 
 required tiiat v.-e mufi: begin with abandoning tliem totally, by ac- 
 knowledging Mahomed Allee fole and lawful mailer of the Carna- 
 teck. We difcovered this difpofition in the fenriuients of Mr. Du- 
 pleix, who fent us. If you are willing to make ufe of them, tell us 
 openly and frankly what you require ; we will anlwer you in a man- 
 ner fatisfactory to your nation, in the judgment even of thofe who 
 command it, and who cannot but be acquainted with the advances 
 we have at lead made towards a peace, if we have not the happinefs 
 to conclude it. 
 
 We have the honour to be, with real refpedt,' 
 Pleafe to communi- Gentlemen, 
 
 cate Mr. Saan- Your moft humble 
 
 ders's anfwer. And moft obedient Servants, 
 
 tranflated from Fr. L. Lavaur. 
 
 the original in Bausett. 
 
 our hands. De Kerjean. 
 
 Robert Palk. 
 Henry Vansittart. 
 Not dated, but received the 
 29th Jan. at 1 2 A. M. 
 
 To the re'verend Father Lavaur and Meffrs. De Baufiet and De 
 Kerjean, deputies of the Trench nation. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 If all the reafons you are pleafed to give for declining the exami- 
 nation of your pieces were mentioned at the conference, moft af- 
 fu redly we did not tinderftand them, although we paid the ftricteft 
 attention to all that you did us the honour to fay ; if we examined 
 the Perwanas it was only at your requeft, and to pay a proper re- 
 gard to what, by your own confeirion, was the foundation of your 
 rights. We were willing, gentlemen, to put it in your power X.O 
 luftify your pretenfiOn to the utmoft, that you might not have rea- 
 fon hereafter to fny that we paid no regard to the powers you pro- 
 duced ; not that we could conceive the marquis Dupleix had merit- 
 ed fo much from the Mogul, or that tlie Mogul Ihould confer fo 
 nmchauthority on him, who is known to be the caufe of acalamitous 
 war in his country for five years together, by which a large part of 
 his revenues, not only in this province, but many others has been 
 flopped, and his dominions laid wafte. 
 
 You have endeavoured, gentlemen, to give fpecious reafons for 
 declining the examination, but you have omitted the only materia! 
 one ; the difcovery you no doubt made as well as we, that your 
 faneds were not of a nature to ftand the teft of the flighteft exa- 
 mination, of which the fuperfcription on the feal, not to mention any 
 others, is an inconteftableproof : truth wants no colourings tofetit 
 off, and falfhood is generally detefted by affeding to lay on too 
 many to difguife it. If that which by way of eminence you intitle 
 the moft authentick, carries its own conviQion along with it, what 
 
 judgment 
 
[ 17 ] 
 
 jUdgmerit can we form, gentlemen, of ytiur ctKer pieces ? Th« 
 higheft compliment we can pay them muft be only to place them irl 
 the fame rank. Your filence on fo material an article will be locked 
 tipon as a very ftrong proof, if we wanted others, of what we ad- 
 vanced. Our not having the faneds of Anaverdey Cawn to pro- 
 duce, could be no reafon for your declining the examination of 
 yours, which, had they been genuine, would not have fuifered by 
 being proclaimed to the whole world. The marquis Dupleix hiiu- 
 felf, in his letter to Mr. Saunders of the 25th December, fpeaking 
 of the pov^ers he was inverted with to treat concerning the interelcs 
 of the Carnateck, makes this propofal. 
 
 " if you do not give credit to what I have had the honour to 
 " write to you very particularly on that fubjeft, I am able and 
 ** ready tojuitify it : you may therefore commiflion your deputies 
 " on this head, or fend fach perfon to me as you fliall think fit, and 
 " I will ihew him the original writings." Thefe writings we havs 
 feen, and given you unanfwerable reafons why we cannot think them 
 original ; and you, gentlemen, have too much penetration not to per- 
 eeive the force of them. 
 
 It is very true, that all the world is acquainted with the interefl 
 that brought Nazirzing into this province ; it was to rellore order, 
 and to punifh thofe that had been the difturbers of it. To this end 
 he wrote to the Englilh to alfift the family of Anaverdey Cawn a- 
 gainll all invaders ; and it is for this reafon confirmed by the autho- 
 rity derived from him to his fo'n Mahomed Allee, afterwards named 
 Anaverdy Cawn, that they have conllantly fupported him. Thai 
 Nazirzing offered the government ot this province to the French, 
 Contradicts all his other aclions j and as to the article you advance a- 
 bout the five lacks, as the caufe of our joining him at Trichinopoly, 
 it fervesonly to convince us how little you are acquainted with what 
 pafTed at that time. 
 
 You are very preffing, gentlemen, in your demand of our final 
 declaration on our firft article, but do not on your part make any 
 propofals for the fatisfattion of a prince who, both by his titles and 
 luccefles, has a right not only to be firft confidered, but to be himfelf 
 the Iburce from whence all other parties |]>ould derive a juft fatif- 
 fatlion, and which, we renew our alTurances, he is ready and willing 
 to give. 
 
 As foon as we receive Mr Saunders's final anfwer, we (hall makal 
 
 you acquainted with it; and we muit requeft on our part alfo, that 
 
 you Vv'i'.l communicate the final refolution of Mr. Dupleix, which we 
 
 fincerely wilb may tend to promote a happy end to our negociation. 
 
 We have the honour to be, with pertett rel"pe<St j 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 Sadrafs, 30th Jan. Your raoft obedient humble Servants, 
 
 t754- Robert Palk. 
 
 Henry Van siTT ART. 
 B 2V 
 
[ i8 ] 
 
 To Mejfrs. Palk and Vandttart. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 I have this minute received yours of the 30th, with a tranflate of 
 one from the French deputies, and your reply, which I approve. 
 This morning our inttrudions were forwarded to you, fo that I have 
 only to remark, 
 
 That an examination of Mr. Dupleix's Powers was what he ear- 
 neftly infifted on ; and that certainly thofe powers (hould be firfc 
 proved authentick, as on them he founded his authority to the river 
 Kiftna, &c. is but reafonable. 
 
 The reafon they give for declining the examination is trifling. 
 
 Mr. Dupleix has not fent the originals, but copies, and fays thac 
 the former may be infpefted by any perfon fent to him ; and you cer- 
 tainly have the fame liberty of replying, that the originals are witE 
 the Nabob, and may be infpefted in the fame manner. 
 
 Thofe gentlemen Ihould fufpend their judgment of Shahabedey 
 Cawn's faned till it was exammed ; ftrong fafpicions are what any 
 one may fuggeft. They ought to be regarded as fuch, but will ne- 
 ver be thought convincing proofs. 
 
 The gentlemen feem to acknowledge, at lead not to deny, the 
 faned from Nazirzing. This juftifies the Nabob's conduft in fup- 
 porting his right, as it condemns Chundah and his allies in in- 
 vading it. 
 
 They faw oar propofais, afid afterwards delivered a memorial of 
 feneds. Why ihould they retraft them till by my anfwer they were 
 aflured that 1 was inflexible } and this they certainly could not know 
 before they received it. 
 
 The motives of Nazirzing's coming into the province you have 
 veryjufi:ly explained : that the government was offered to the French, 
 till now I never heard, and might venture to affirm in the negative. 
 The Myforeans made a fruitlels intereft for it. Mauphus Cawn, 
 the Nabob's eldeft brother, did not bid high enough. Mahomed 
 Allee was aKvays reputed the Subah. The reafons afllgned for our 
 joining him at Trichinopoly are notorioufly falfe and fcandalous, 
 for at that time he was not indebted to us. 
 
 What do thefe gentlemen mean by we fhall do fo and fo } Who 
 gave them the power .'' Mr. Dupleix may talk thus in Pondichery 
 araongfl: his flaves ; I do not doubt but they know his difpofition, 
 and polhbly may approve it as little as we do. Surely Mr. Dupleix 
 does not think we are begging a peace, and will accept of any terms he 
 pleafes. I obferve they are particularly fond of granting advantages 
 to our nation^ this is defigned to appear plaufible at home ; but how- 
 ever, we Ihall rake care to fecure the peace of the country, and ever 
 have before us his defigns on the whole coaft. I think it will not be 
 aniifs to aflc them, as we are treating for the Nabob, whether by 
 thefe offers they mean to otier us a bribe to be villains, and betray 
 the truft repofed in us. 
 
 Their 
 
[ (9 ] 
 
 Tlieir faneds are fo defedtive, we can by no mean? allo'Tv theni; 
 Without Mahomed Allee's enjoying the Subahlhip no peace can eri-' 
 fue ; and when thefe articles are agreed on, that of the French pri- 
 lone'rs, a knotty article, remains to be adjufted ina manner confiftent 
 with the fectirlty of the Nabob. Confiderfng the difpofition of Mr, 
 Dupleix, h'ttle, I believe, inclined to drop fo darling a fcheme, I ai^ 
 of opinion the conference will terminate unfuccefsfally. This ad- 
 vantage indeed we fhall reap from it, l^iat our reafonable incli- 
 nations for peace will be manifefted to the publick, and his 
 hoftile difpofition, with the falfity of the authority on which hg 
 fo'.inded it. 
 
 I am, Gentlemen, 
 
 Your moft obedient Servant, 
 
 Thomas Saunders. 
 
 To i/je koiwurahie Thomas Saunders, Efij; 
 Honourable Sir, 
 
 Inclofed is a letter we received laft night, in anfwer to ours of 
 <'eftt;rday, on which we muft oblerve, firft, 
 
 That as they con)mlinicated their pieces to us in a curfbry 
 way, we had not then time fufftcient to examine them, but 
 enough to remark, that the firfl; was not dated, and you are al- 
 ready acquainted with our objeftions to the laft, which can never,' 
 we apprehend, be confuted ; indeed by their method of rea- 
 foning they give up what they would be thought to defend. 
 Secondly, 
 
 The only original, now for the firft time called a letter or faned,- 
 Was reprefented to Us to be of the ftrongeft validity ; and if they had 
 it double, they never once hinted it when it was produced ; even all 
 their pieces at our firft conference were reprefented as originals, and 
 it was not till the copies were beginning that we found they were 
 otherwife. It is true, Mr. Vanfittart did perufe the paragraph from 
 Mr. Dupleix, v/hich was at the end of a very long letter, from 
 'yvhence we are inclined to think it was inferted there on purpofe ; 
 but even here we believe the epochas will not agree : And as to their 
 offering at the lame time to fhew him the original, they very weli 
 knew we had no irrrerpreters, and if we had, we very much doubt 
 If they would have fobmitted it to their examination. Mr. Van- 
 fittart declined it. becaufe they might have afierted afterwards that 
 he had {'ten it with hi^ own eyes. We leave it to you to make the 
 necelfary remarks on their method at accounting for the miftake at 
 Delhi. Thirdly, 
 
 No anfwer at all is it feems the beft they can give tor 
 this article, as well as to feme others contained in otrr letter. 
 Fourthly, 
 
 An anfwer to their propofals you fee is pofitively expefted before 
 Jthey proceed any further : we Ilia! I wait till the tappies come in, and 
 
 B 2 sbep*. 
 
[ 20 ] 
 
 tlien, if we have not the pleafure to hear from you, we fhall give 
 them a very ihort nnfwer to their letter. We could multiply re- 
 Tiiarks to them, but we apprehend tbofe we have already made will 
 be thought fufficient. 
 
 We are, with the greateft refpedt, 
 Sadrafs, 3 1 ft Jan 1754. Honourable Sir, 
 
 9 A. M. Your mell obedieat humble Servants, 
 
 Robert Palk. 
 Henry Vansittart. 
 
 To Mejfrs. Palk rtW Vaafittart, deputies cff the EngUJh nation. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 Not to multiply writings, we have the honour to reply asbriefl/ 
 as polFible to the different articles of your laft letter. 
 
 Firft, We did communicate our pieces to you, and gave you 
 fufficient leifure to examine them. We only refufed to let you have- 
 copies till you fhould communicate yours ; when this is done, we 
 will produce ours again with all confidence, and we will refute by 
 them all the inferences you ftrive to draw for the prefent from our 
 refufal. We will alfo produce the originals without fear, provided 
 you do the fame on your part. 
 
 Secondly, The only original that we have hitherto fliewn you» 
 is the letter or {aned of the Great Mogul which we brought with 
 us, having it double, as we toJd you when we produced it. As 
 this is a decifive piece, it could not be fent without difficulty. We 
 immediately advifed the marquis Dupleix of what you remarked to 
 us on the fubjeft of the epoch marked at the bottom of the feal. 
 The following is the anfwer he fent us immediately on the receipt 
 of your letter : As to the date of the feal, I can fay nothing to you 
 on thatfubjeit; it ivas the duplicate that I deli'ver'dyou : hut to dif- 
 ftpate all doubts on that fubjed, I fend you noiv ivhat ivas at frfi 
 difpatched to me, ivhich is dated the Wth of the month Rejub, the 
 ^th year of his reign ; and upon the chop is the year of the Hegyra* 
 1 163. This is ivhat ivas delivered to me by Us Bachi Caivny. 
 difpatched to bring it me. 
 
 Such is the franknefs with which Mr. Dupleix anfwers on this 
 fubjett. Mr. Vaniittart faw this paragraph of the letter with his 
 own eyes, and we offered at the fame dme to ihew him the original, 
 which we had juft received. It is ijupoflible, gentlemen, to de- 
 clare in a more polite manner than you have done, the fufpicions 
 you affeft to form on this piece, and which you would extend to 
 all the others. All of them, it is true, mult be equally fufpicious to 
 you. But in reality, gentlemen, it we were capable of counterfeit- 
 ing, do you think we iLouId be fo little upon our guard as to be 
 miftaken in the date of the Hegyra, and to make ufe of two diffe- 
 rent Seals. The writers at Delhi might do the latter by making ule 
 of the feal of the reigning emperor for the firft difpatch, and of the 
 feal of his predeccffor, which apparently came firft to their hands, 
 
 for 
 
[ 21 ] 
 
 for the difpatch they afterwards made by way of duplicate ; but 
 fuch a piece of negligence, if" it is one, is a proof of the truth qf 
 the piece. Make whom you wiJi the judge, and he will tell you 
 that the difficulty you make is at the very time a proof of the force 
 with which this piece is inverted. 
 
 Thirdly, The reproach you throw on the marquis Dupleix, as 
 being the caufe of the troubles oi' the country, might with more 
 juftice be applied to the chiefs of your nation ; but whatever advan- 
 tage we might be able to make by entering on this fubjecl, we pals 
 it flighdy over as fuperfluous. In the la.ine manner we fay no- 
 thing of the motives that induced the Grand Mogul to recom- 
 penie the marquis Dupleix ; it would be eafy to ihew them, but 
 the letter of this emperor fubfifts. That is the elfeHtial. 
 
 Fourthly, Laying afide for the prefent all allegations of which 
 we have not yet got the proofs in writing, we will prove to you 
 by a loyal letter from Mr. Saunders himfelf to Chundah Saib, that 
 he interefted himfelf at the beginning for Mahomed Allee, only 
 on account of what this laft owed, or was faid to owe, to the 
 Engiifli nation. We expe«£t to be (oan enabled to confirm this 
 to you by other pieces of your chief's, and to make you alfo agree, 
 sf you will enter upon the proofs, that the Englifh acknowledged 
 Chundah Saib for governor of the Carnateck. 
 
 It is for us, gentlemen, to expect on y«mf part an anfvver to the 
 ropofais we have made you ; tell us if they are fatisfactory or not ? 
 I'e do not allow, as you know of the precedency to be given to 
 the interelb of Mahomed Allee, but we have noc negledted them 
 in our propofals, and when ever you pleafe we will fettle the pro- 
 per eftablifhment which is to be procured for him. 
 
 Sadrafs, 30th Jan. 1754. We have the honour to be, 
 Tranllated from the original Gentlemen, 
 
 in our hands, Your moft obedient humble 
 
 Servants, 
 Robert Pai.k. Fr. L. L.waur. 
 
 Hkmry Vansxttart. Bausett. 
 
 De Kekjean. 
 
 To Mejfrs. Paik aud Vanfittart. 
 Gentlemen, 
 I had replied to your letter, of the 30th when I received that 
 of the 3 1 with a tranfiare of one to you from the French deputies. 
 When Mr. Dupleix prelfed the examination, it was without 11- 
 rnitation, and without any reference to thofe of the Nabob's. 
 
 So difHcult is it to give to falfity even the appearance of truth, 
 that the circumftances offered to fupport it often tend to the ex- 
 ploding it ; and thus in regard to the paper called the Mogul's fa- 
 ned, a duplicate is fomething extraordinary; but that this dupli- 
 cate fhould differ In fo efTential a point from what, after the falfity 
 is exploded, is produced as an original, ferves only to convince 
 
 B 3 more 
 
 ?J 
 
[ 22] ^ 
 
 mere ftrongly of the Invalidity, and to give us the greateft reafon to 
 believe that what ever defeats might be found in the reft, as foon 
 as noticed would be amended, without the lofs of time or trouble 
 of fending to Delhi ; and therefore I think we may perfift in our 
 objection to their validity, and wave all further enquiry, as it will 
 only give them an opportunity to recover from their error, whereas 
 it now turns much to our advantage. 
 
 The franknefs with which Mr. Dupleix anAvers on the fubjeft 
 {as to the date of the fenl 1 can fay no'.kini to you on that fubjed) 
 13 a truth that fei ves to corroborate bis weaknefs in offering to found 
 his authority on ^ falfity, and his chicanery in having the Mogul's 
 feal in fuch readinefs to fupply its defeat. The excufe afterwards 
 framed is equally as abfurd. 
 
 The afperfion that we engaged in the v;ar on account of money, 
 owed by Mahomed Allee to the Englilh nation, is falfe and fcanda- 
 lous. Inclofcd is a copy of that letter to Chundah Saib, dated 3d 
 Auguft, 1751, a Jong time after the war commenced. Trichino- 
 poly was mortgaged, Mr. Dupleix was inlbrmed of it, and fo 
 great was the afTrpnt he ofiered us, as to anfwer that our colours 
 fliouid be no fanftion tp us. More, v.ill be faid on this occafion to 
 Mr. Dupleix when he poihbly may not exped it. 
 
 By what I have wrote you, you will be able to return the pro- 
 per anfwer. Do not orefs any farther exauiination of laneds, it 
 will be of no effedt, when they can fo eafily at Pondichery on every 
 occafion have in readinefs a proper feal for the r>.Iogul, and without 
 floubt for his officers. 
 
 I am. Gentlemen, . 
 
 Fort St. George, the Your moft obedient Servant, 
 
 iftFeb. 1751-. Thomas S.mwders. 
 
 To the hotwurallc Thomas Saunders, Efq ; 
 Honourable Sir, 
 
 Yefterday we were favoured with your letters of the 31ft Ja- 
 nuary and 1 ft inftant, and in the afternoon we received the anfwer 
 from the French deputies, of which we have juft finlihed the tranl- 
 lation we now inclofe vou, with a copy of our letter to them of 
 the .ft. 
 
 Their arguments are all founded on a fuppofuion of the rights 
 of the marquis Dupleix. We fhall therefore make the proofs we 
 have feen of the invalidity of thefe rights the principal objeQ of 
 our reply ; and as they have at once reje'ded all our propofais v/ith- 
 out even anfwering them, they are very evidently determined to 
 come to no reafonable accpmmodation. We fliall therefore tell 
 (hem it is to no purpofe to wait for an anfwer from the marquis 
 Dupleix, as his defigns are plainly publiihed in the letter; and that 
 if they can give us no better hopes of a fuccelsful congrefs, we 
 are ready to fet out for Madrafs ; fo we Ihali probably wait on 
 you ourfclves with the copy of our anfwer. 
 
[ 23 ] 
 
 We do not underftand what they mean in their lafl: paragraph 
 by the article ivhich tve call Jecifi^je, unlefs they have mifapplied 
 the fenfe of the firft paragraph of our letter to them of the 31 ft, 
 wh'ere we fay, as that mujl Jelcrmine : perhaps they have applied 
 that ^0 the feparaie article inftead oi their pofitii'e an fiver, to which 
 it refers fo plainly, that we can hardly think it polfible they (houid 
 mifunderftand it without fonie delign. 
 
 We are with the greateft refptiS, 
 Honourable Sir, 
 Sadrals, 4th Feb. 1754. Your motl obedient humble 
 8 A. M. Servants, 
 
 Robert Palk. 
 Henry Vansittart. 
 
 fo the re-verend Father Lavaur and Mejfrs. De Baufet and De Ker- 
 jean, deputies of the French nation. 
 Gentlemen, 
 We annex hereunto our general anfwer to your memorial, our 
 reply to your aiifwer and propofals, and our frelh propofals toge- 
 ther with a feparate article ; to which we defire your pofitive an- 
 swer, as that muft determine the continuance or end of the con- 
 grefs. 
 
 With regard to your letter of the 30th of January, it is true, that 
 you communicated your pieces to us in a curfory manner. We had 
 not however, time to examirje them all, but fufficient to difcover the 
 defeats we have already reprefented to you. 
 
 You cannot forget that the only original, nov/ for the firll: time cal- 
 led a letter or faned, v/as reprefented to us to be of the llrogeft va- 
 lidity ; and if you had it double, vou never once hinted it to us 
 when it was produced ; even at our firft conference we underftood 
 that all your pieces were to be looked on as orginals, and it was 
 not till the copies were beginning that we found they were other- 
 wife. Nothing can be termed a duplicate that is not in every rc- 
 fped; an exad; copy of the original. 
 
 We could multiply remarks, but we apprehend thofe we hare 
 already made, when impartially conlidered, will be thought lutTi- 
 cient. 
 
 We have the honour to be, with real refpeft, 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 Your mofi obedient humble Servants, 
 Sadrafs, ift February, Robert Palk. 
 
 1754. Henry Vanssttart. 
 
 Anfwer to the three Metnormls, accompanied ijuith a Letter from 
 the ^ngliflj Deputies, dated the \fe Fehuary 1754. 
 Gentlemen, 
 The extraft of the reafons you have pretended to fhew in your 
 three memorials, accompanied with a letter, would foon be made, 
 
 B 4 if 
 
[ 24] 
 
 if we were to leave out the vain allegations, fome fubtleties eafy 
 to be refuted, and the reproaches little becoming vou and us j all 
 is then reduced to a conftant luppofition, without proof or founda- 
 tion of the rights of Mahomed Alice. Begin then with proving 
 this right; this anfwer, gentlemen would fuffice to refute all that you 
 have hitherto faid to us. But we are befides willing to juftity the 
 perplexity this queftion puts you in, and to manifeft clearly that it 
 }s not your<^'ault, if you cannot ani'wer It but bv endeavouring to 
 make that pafs for certain which you ought to prove. 
 
 Firll, You ought to prove, according to your allegations, that 
 the government of the Carnateck was given to Mahomed Allee. 
 We are waiting ready for this proof, fuppofing however that v\'e 
 were to receive it, it would not help your affairs much. 
 
 Secondly, You (liould fuuher prove, that this pretended nomin- 
 nation of Mahomed Allee has not been revoked ; here, gentlemen, 
 is your ftumbling block. The faneds granted to Chundali Saib by 
 two immediate fuccefTors of Na'/irzing, one of whom is nov/ reign- 
 ing, flops you bevond a pGHibilty of pailing anv ftiither. You 
 are obliged to apply to accufing us of taiiicy. Do you then look 
 upon fuch a reproach to be lb trifling as to be thrown fo lightly on 
 the chief of the deputies of the French nation } before you eift- 
 ployed this refource in a defperate caufe, vou ought to have given 
 a litde more attention ; for upon what would you found it ? Upon 
 our pretended refufal, which you ring out fo loudlv, to give you 
 copies of our pieces, after having communicated them to you, and 
 given you a lift, at the fame time that you evade the exhibition of 
 yours, if you have any; it Is not too much to treat upon an equality 
 with you. We will fubmit our pieces again to your examination, 
 when you fhall produce to us thofe that you mention as your title ; 
 without fhewing them, you may fav as often as you will, that your 
 remarks alarmed us ; we will give you full liberty to continue them $ 
 thofe which you have made would infure us, if we had occafion 
 for it, agalnll thofe which you fhall make ; for to what do they 
 amount? The faned, you lay, or phirinaund of the Great Mo- 
 gul, which we have once called a letter which according to you 
 , makes an article againft it's validity, has not the fign uianual of the 
 emperor. Inform yourfelves, gentlemen, of the cuftom of this 
 court, before you hazard the anlwer you make us. It Is befides, 
 you add, without a feal, but it is on the feal you difcover a proof 
 of its falfity. The date at the bottom is fuperannuated. Do you 
 pretend that the emperor muft change his leal every year, and that 
 he can never make ufe of that of his predecelfor, although it be the 
 fame, except juft the date of the time of its being made } Do you 
 pretend too that a phirinaund fent by the emperor himfelf, and 
 brought from Delly, to the knowledge of the whole world, by 
 a confiderable perfon named Us Bachi Cawn, Ihould be of no cre- 
 dit ; becaufe the writers in the difpatch of the duplicate made ufe 
 
 Qf 
 
[ ^S ] 
 
 ©f an older feal than that of the firft dlfpatch. We have replied 
 jn an inconteftible manner to tliis chicanery ; and we fiiall only add, 
 that upon the arrival of this phinnaund, the marquis Dupleix not 
 cnly communicated it by a copy fent to Mr. Saunders, but alfo of- 
 fered to lend him the original by two counfeliors, v/hich Mr. Saun- 
 ders refufed. You it had not in your power, gentlemen, thus toe- 
 vade the communication, but an accufation ot faifity was your re- 
 fource, as it has been before to the Engliih upon fome occalions when 
 they had no anfwer to make. This did not fuffice to relieve you 
 from your perplexities : the invalidating of the phirmaund being 
 proved in the manner we have leen, mult conmiunicate itfelf by a 
 kind of contagion to all the other pieces ; upon which, however, 
 you have with-held your remarks. Mr, Vanfittart only told us 
 verbally, that they were nothing but copies, and that he thought 
 we had produced them on the footing of originals. We told you 
 however at that time, that we had brought only copies attefted by 
 ihe Caudy, and that we did not care, unthout necelhty, to ex- 
 pofe any more than the original, becaufe we had that double. Mr. 
 Vanfittart thinks requifite to contradict us alfo in that circumilance : 
 be that as it will, it has very little regard to the force of the thing, 
 and we only mention it to fhew the difpofition in which you came, 
 gentlemen, or in which you were fent j that is, to fci^e every ftrav/ 
 to keep you here, and not to forward the end to which we ought all 
 to ftrive. You are neverthelefs very zealous for the publick good, 
 and for the maintenance of the fundamental laws of the kingdonc. 
 You declare to us that thefe two points made you take up arms. 
 Thereupon we aik you in the firft place, who gave you the necelTary 
 authority for that .-' Is it Mahomed AHee, Nabob by your favour ? 
 but you relapfe always into a circle of errors, fuppofmg what is 
 to be proved and what you cannot prove. In the fecond place, we 
 refer you yourfelves to the two great objeftsof juflice, with which 
 you defend your caufe, which are, who troubled the publick re- 
 pofe, and who troubles it llill } We refer you to the letter in which 
 the marquis Dupleix has detailed to Mr. Saunders himfelf the 
 practices of your nation, and to which the laft made no replv: 
 [however, gentlemen, when v/e mention in this mariner the Engliih 
 nation, we only mean fuch as have had a part in the praftices in 
 quellion, which many among you condemn:] remark in this detail 
 what was the ftate of affairs before you ftirred up Mahomed Aliee. 
 Chundah Saib acknowledged, not only by the country, but by the 
 Engliih themfelves. Hogee Addee fent by thefe lalf to compliment 
 him, and offer him the Nazar [prefent] according to cuftom, the 
 fame Vackeel who worked with him to obtain the town of St. 
 Thome for you, but in vain. The fame negotiation refumed af- 
 ter you took poffeihon of it, but ftill without effetl. On the 
 pther fide, Mahomed Allec fled to Trichinopoly to capitulate on the 
 f pnfiderable arreais due by his father to the mafter of the Dec'can ; 
 
 the 
 
[ 26 1 
 
 the fame Mahomed Allee who had recourfe to the marquis Du- 
 pieix to be his mediator : this iait obtained a pardon and an eftablifh- 
 ment for him. This, gentlemen, is what preceded the time when 
 the Englilh worked with Mahomed Aliee Cawn, to infpire him 
 with other vievs's correCponding witli their defigns. They never- 
 thelefs ftill wrote .to Chundah Saib in the ftyie of friends, while 
 they were paving the way tor Mahomed Allee to revolt. Proofs 
 of all this have been furnilhed you : let it be judged from thence 
 who began, continued, and fomented the war. 
 
 In vain you endeavour to turn this, by demanding that the »iar- 
 quis Dupleix lliould Ihev.- a faned authorifing hiir. to affift in killing 
 Anaverdey Cawn and Nazirzing. The queftion is much out of 
 place, as it is imprudent. Mr. Dupleix can eafily jutlify himfelf 
 on this head j and you expofe youi tcives to the fame demand on 
 the fubjecl of the deach of Chundah Saib, a much more horrid 
 one, and the circumftances of which prove a crime on all that were 
 the authors. But all this is but a digreihon to turn off the atten- 
 tion from the Perwanas, with which the marquis Dupleix was fup- 
 ported by the immediate faccelTors of Nazirzing, and which have 
 been confirmed by the Mogul. The mention of thcle Perv/anas, 
 as well as thofe appointing Salabatzinj viceroy ef the Deckan, leads 
 us back to the fecond objedl of juftice with which you a^fett to be 
 touched. ' 
 
 What are, gentlemen, the fundamental laws of the country, as 
 you call them, and what is the conltitution of the government of 
 this country ? Is it to acknov/ledge the Grand Mogul for firlt ibve- 
 reign, the governor general of the Deckan for the reprefentative o/ 
 this emperor in the country, and rhe particular governors appointed 
 by the governor general as holding their authority from him ? Do 
 you conform to thefe laws in difputing the phirmaund of the em- 
 peror, and in declining the authority of Salabatzing .'' Leave him in 
 the exercife of his authority, every thing will be in order in all 
 refpects, the conftitution of the government in vigour, and the w^r 
 at an end. If you refufe to acknowledge Salabatzing mafter of the 
 Deckan by all the laws, v/ho is the infringer of the laws, and the 
 difturberof good order .'' You fee very plainly, gentlemen, and it is 
 ibr that reafon that you bring the fon of Gauzedey Cawn into play, 
 or rather (for we are willing to be more conliderate with regard to 
 you, than you about us) you leize at a venture on the phantom 
 Mahomed Allee prcfents to you, and which he is prepairing to pro- 
 duce to us by oppofing Shaw Abadin Cawn to Salabatzing ; but on 
 what title? Is it as having obtained the place of Salabatzing,^ This 
 lafl: has then been till now the true mailer, while you have been 
 trifling with his authority. Befides, in the ill contrived pieces that 
 Mahomed Allee has already tranfmitted to Nandi Raja, it is lignified 
 to Shaw Abadin Cawn, that the Carnateck for a long time has not 
 been dependant on the government of the Deckan. By this it is 
 rendered ufelefs to you to inveft this fon of Gauzedey Cawn with 
 
 the 
 
[ 27 ] 
 the vice-royalty of the Deckan. Is ft then, as Omir Bi!ckfhee, that 
 jShaw Abadin Cawn Ihall difpofe of the Carnateck? But yourfelves 
 have, hitherto, with all People acquainted in this matter, acknow- 
 ledged that the Carnateck does depend on the Deckan. It is on this 
 fcore, that you fupport the titles which Mahomed Allee Cawn pre- 
 tends to have received from Nazirzing and Gauzedey Cawn. 
 
 What can be conc'uded from all that, except that Mahomed 
 ^ilee had a mind to oppofe us with two batteries, one of which, 
 ihou'd liipport the other j but he finds that one deftroys the other. 
 We Ihew ourfelves before hand apprifed of this job of work, to the 
 end that Mahomed Allee may no longer be at liberty to finifh it. 
 
 To continue, gentlemen, to proceed according to the eftablifhed 
 order ; after acknowledging the viceroy of the Deckan, you (hould 
 equally acknowledge him who is now invefted by him with the 
 power of governing the Carnateck. This is Mootis Allee Cawn 
 of Velour, whofe laned v/as notified to you in full form, it is true 
 that he is fo only by the authority of the marquis Dupleix, but ftill 
 he is fo by authority which you cannot conteft j not by that of the 
 marquis Dupleix, but of Salabatzing. Mr. Dupleix, you may fay, 
 got him appointed ; confefs in that, his moderation for you and con- 
 fidcration for you in confenting, although aiTociated in the authority 
 of Salabatzing, that this laft mould appoint to the government of 
 the country a Moor's lord, who has always (hewn at leait as much 
 regard for the Englilh nation as for the French ; to the end that you 
 -might take no umbrage. In this manner he paved a way to the 
 peace he defires, and which you are not inclined to, without giv- 
 ing laws to all the legal mafters of the country. 
 
 Still, to give a turn, you difclaim in favour of the rights of theCe, 
 againft the ambitioi) of Mr. Dupleix, which is no more coherent 
 than all the reft of your declamations The ambition of the mar- 
 quis Dupleix never has appeared, nor will appear, other than to 
 anfwer the truftof thofe who have given him authority in this coun- 
 try, to preferve their rights, and to procure legal advantages to 
 his nation, whilft the only end you propofe is to difmember the 
 country, to difpoffefs the lawful mafters, and to deprive the French 
 of what is lawfully due and acquired to them. How can you ad- 
 vance, that you have taken no place from thefe laft ; their flag torn 
 down by your hands, notwithftanding the protefts of the French 
 commanders contradltts you. You fay with the fame fincerity, that 
 you do not poflefs one place in the Carnateck, while you have com- 
 manders and garrifons in them. You advance too that there has 
 been no other governor of the Carnateck fince Anaverdy Cawn the 
 father, but Mahomed Allee his fon ; whilft we Ihew you, and prove 
 to you, that the faid Mahomed Allee is not, that Chunda Saib was, 
 and that Mootis Allee Cawn is at prefent. Did you intend, gen- 
 tlemen, to make fools of us. i 
 
 All that we have been expofmg is a preparation, vrhat judgment 
 fo form of your propofals : we Ihall not follow them in detail with 
 
 all 
 
[ 28 1 
 
 all the reflections they offer, it will fuffice us to fay, firft, that you 
 will never put the change upon us lb far as to engage us to build 
 on lucb a foundation as the authority of Mahomed Allee, and 
 that you only feelc to eftabliili this foundation j therefore all the reft 
 of your propofals are vain and infignificant. 
 
 Secondly, You feeni by them to be afraid to promife the reieafe 
 of the prifoners even after the peace is iiiade ; and you referve foine 
 chicanery to employ on that occafion. However, whether peace Ije 
 made, or war, we demand of you their immediate liberty in the 
 name of the King our mafter, without admitting the ulual Ihift, 
 that Mahomed Allee does not confent to it. It Mr. Saunders does 
 not pay regard to our demand, we Ihall continue to infill on this 
 point in Europe, where perhaps it is already decided. There al(b 
 will be uianifeiled, ii it is not already done, the force of the chime- 
 rical reafons that may have been alledged in juftitication of a war 
 fo contradictory on youi fide to the peace which reigns between the 
 two nations. There, in the fame manner, judgment will be formed 
 on the violation of the law of nations, and of the rights of war, 
 which may have happened in this country. 
 
 Thirdly, You feem, or you aftecl to have forgot the nioft facred 
 engagements, made by Mahomed Allee, and confirmed by your- 
 I'elves, for the delivery of Trichinopoly to the Mailforeans. 
 
 Fourthly, The fecurity which the marouis Dupleix will give, 
 when ferious propofals are entered upon, v. ill be to get Salabatzing's 
 confent, and procure from him the necelfary perwanas, without 
 which any difpofal of the leaft part of the country would be un- 
 juft and unftable; all guarantees would be equally fo, and he would 
 jiot, from the fame principle, acquiefce in the difpofal of any coun- 
 try to the interefted parties, but on the footing thefe countries have 
 been on formerly, in tektion both to the mafter of the Deckan aini 
 the governor of the Carnateck. 
 
 The evident neceility of die conient of the mafter of the Deckan 
 for the alienation of any rights in his country, tells you, gentle- 
 men, if nothing was offered you, when you was olfered an iminu- 
 nity fiom all fubjetVion, and acknowledgment for the town of Ma- 
 drafs ; admitting even that Mahomed Allee Cawn was what vou 
 make him, fuch a conceihon on his part could at furtheft only take 
 place during his life. But Mahomed Allee having no right, to 
 what is the immunity you told us you hold from him reduced ? 
 'Tis nevert+ielefs a point ot more contequence than any other to a 
 nation like the Cnglilh. if you have never paid the tribute inque- 
 ftion, as you lay, the arrears are very confiderable, and the offer 
 merits the more regard. Be fo kind to apply what we have iaid to 
 Pondemaly and Trivendupuram alfo. ^^ e have proofs in writing 
 which contain your confeifion that you applied in vain for the per- 
 xvanas of thefe two territoiies in the life-lime of Nazirzing. A 
 time may come when fomc governor of Arcot may trouble you on 
 thofe heads. If the offers made you do not fu&cc, we have defired 
 
 you 
 
[ 29 j 
 
 you to tell us what is wanting to your purpore. We offer you b€- 
 fides, to procure you on this very country the fum that Mahomed 
 Allee may be indebted to you : this will lave you tjie trouble and 
 delay of a payment to be received on the country which (hall be 
 granted him, and which fhall be loaded with many other mort- 
 gages. 
 
 Are fuch offl-rs as the{e, gentlemen, what fliould appear infoient 
 to you, or the prcpofal you make us of fubmitting to the laws of 
 him whom vou make a Prince in Europe and your flave in India, 
 although invelled with the name of Nabob. You ought not, nor 
 cannot reafonably expect that the French will give up their rights 
 and fubmit to this. You will not perfuade them to it, neither by 
 lending vivftories to A-Iahomed Allee, nor by alledging a right which 
 poirellion, or rather force, gives you. 
 
 We will, however, conmmoicate, according to the duty of our 
 commillion, your propofais to Mr. Dupleix ; and we fhall have the 
 honour to communicate his anfwer, particularly on the article which 
 you call dccifive, and of which we yet comprehend nothing. 
 We have the honour to be, with real refpett. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 Your moft obedient humble (ervants, 
 
 Fr. L. L.WAUK. 
 Bausett. 
 De Kerjean. 
 ToMeJjrs. Palk and Vanfittart. 
 Gentlemen, 
 I have received your letter of the 4th February, with a copy t/i 
 one to the French Deputies, and trcnflate of their anfwer to your 
 feveral pieces. Though this paper is very prolix, yet I can per- 
 ceive nothing in it but what is eafily confuted. 
 
 Mr. Dupleix earneftly prelTed, and thefe gentlemen offered x.o 
 examine the feveral papers called fanedsj certainly thefe Ihould be 
 proceeded on firft, not only for the above reafons, but as Mr. Du- 
 pleix places fo great llrefs on them as thereon to found his authority 
 for the government of the whole country ; and this furely mull be 
 proved before it can be fnbmitted to. 
 
 We have not refufed to prove Illahomed Allee's rights; attefted 
 copies of the faneds have been wrote for, and will be lent for thole 
 gentlemen's perufal : thofe pieces, lb far from having been revoked, 
 have been confirmed. 
 
 If papers, produced as legal proofs, are upon examination found 
 defettjve, and we as fuch reject them, 'tis reaibnable and juft, and 
 no reflection on the French Nation j for they cannot expect an im- 
 plicit fubmiflion to their papers, without they carry with them the 
 necelfary force : thefe do not, and that thofe gentlemen were fenfi- 
 ble of it, fufiiciently appeared by their fupprelfing any further en- 
 quiry. We are very wellinformedof the cullom of the court, thac 
 on the deceafe of an Emperor his feal is totally kid afide, ami the 
 
 « feal 
 
[ 30 ] 
 
 feal of the reigning Prince made ufe of: beudes, does it not appeaf 
 very extraordinary, that upon this faned's proving defettive, ano- 
 rher fhould fpring up in fo fhort a time as a fet of Peons could go 
 from Sadrafs to Pontiichery ; is it not equally fo, that in a patent of 
 a pubiick nature, of fuch confequence as to transfer the right of 
 kingdoms, the duplicate, and what is called the original, ihould 
 differ fo much r" 
 
 Our authority to fupport Mahomed Allee is from Nazirziftg, Gau- 
 xedey Cawn, and Gauzedey Cawn's fon. This you have no occa- 
 fion to gratify thmi in mentioning, as his lawful right is a fuHicient 
 authority for our fupporting him. 
 
 Mr. Dupleix has wrote me many things, and I have anfwered 
 themj nor is there any letter of his unreplied to. I have proved 
 to him that he is the author of the war ; but to what purpofe ? Ths 
 refufal of concurring in the reafonable propofals for peace fiifhci- 
 entlv demonftrate it. 
 
 That Hodjee Addee was fent to Chundah Saib is fcandaloufty 
 falfe ; fo far from it, that on the death of Nazirzing he v.as fuf- 
 pended from his employ, and has never been trufted fmce. 
 
 The fortune of war throws down all diftindion. If Mahomed 
 Allee did apply to Mr. Dupleix, which is not certain, did not Mr. 
 Dupleix alfo, when Seringham was on the point of furrender, ap- 
 ply to hiui and offer him Trichinopoly .'' 
 
 I do not apprehend the calling upon Mr. Dupleix to produce his 
 authority for oppoung a legal Prince is unreafonable ; it he cannot 
 produce it, it will be concluded he has none : to fay that he can 
 eallly juftify himfelf, and to evade juftifving himfelf (which he 
 always, does) will by all mankind be looked upon as a convinciiig 
 proof that he is in the wrong. 
 
 We agree that the fundamental laws of the country are to ac- 
 knowledge the Mogul for firfb fovereign, the Viceroy of the Deckan 
 for his reprefentative in that country, and the particular governors 
 by him appointed as holding their authority from him. This is the 
 rule we have always made the government of our condufl ; the 
 Mogul v.'e acknowledge ; Nazirzing as his Viceroy we obeyed j 
 and Mahomed Allee as his governor, in diftrefs we alliflied. On 
 the death of Nazirzing we continued our allilfance to Mahomed 
 Allee, till a fuccelfor, Gauzedey Cawn, was appointed j and agree- 
 able to his dired:ions, we perfevere in our alliance to the Circar. 
 We could confute even the foundation of Mr. Dupleix's authority ; 
 for Salabatzing never had a faned for the Deckan; but as he is at 
 the head of a large army, it is a prudent meafure to avoid it. As 
 Mr. Dupleix lays down this progretfive rule for us, ought he not to 
 obferve it himfelf.'' Inftead of faying he caneafily joftity himfelf, let- 
 him produce his authority fordepofing x^naverdey Cawn, and mur- 
 dering Nazirzing ; and as he cannot denv that Gauzedey Cawir 
 was Viceroy of the Deckan, how comes it that this faned does not 
 appear ? Shaw Abadin Cawn derives his right ta the DccLan froixi 
 
 th« 
 
the Mogul. Of what force is the mentioning Mootis Allee Cawn, 
 who has acknov'ledged the Nabob ? However, we nnift wave the 
 mentioning of this aifo, as I have only the copy of the agreement 
 made by Mooti.^ Allee Cawn with the Nabob. At the fame time I 
 have a letter from Mootis Allee Cawn, defiring a letter of indul- 
 gence, when we fhall in a few days have the attefted copies of 
 Mootis Allee Cawn's agreement, it will plainly appear whether 
 they intend to make fools of us, or we of them. We have not 
 taken, nor are we in poffeflion of, any places belonging to the 
 French ; wherever we have any force in the Circar's forts, they 
 are under the orders of the Nabob. 
 
 We have no prifoners of the French King's ; as a proof of this, 
 all the officers have given their parole to Mahomed Allee, which is 
 an acknowledgment they were his prifoners ; and though feveral of 
 our men and officers have been taken prifoners, we have never de- 
 manded them of Mr. Dupleix, except thofe that, contrary to the 
 law of nations, Mr. Dupleix ordered to be feized as they were go- 
 ing to St. David from Madrafs with regular pafTports ; befides, we 
 declared we treated in behalf of the Nabob ; theiefore this is a de- 
 viation, and foreign to the intention of the conference. 
 
 The fourth article is grounded on a fuppofition of the legal powet 
 of Salabatzing, and the illegal one of Mahomed Allee. The firft 
 has not been proved, nor the latter confuted. 
 
 There never was that tribute which the French deputies men- 
 tioned fixed on Madrafs; therefore how ridiculous is it to make an 
 otfer of what does not exift ; and as to the offer of procuring us 
 the money, Nabob Mahomed Allee is indebted ; 'tis but an offer, 
 and not a certainty j and no dependency can be had on an offer 
 from thofe who have not a power to fulfil it. 
 
 If the French have any rights they Ihould be proved, and then 
 will not be difputed, but acknowledged; but if fuch proofs are 
 not produced. Nabob Mahomed Allee will conclude that the 
 French are deaf to all reafonable propofals for an accommodation, 
 and are determined to continue their alliance with rebels, which 
 mu ft compel him by real victoiies (which he has already had) to 
 convince them he will defend his government againft all unlawful 
 ufurpers. 
 
 It you can prolong the conference a few days, it will give us an 
 opportunity to get copies of Mootis Allee Cawn's agreement, and 
 be ferviceable in other refpefls. 
 
 I know nothing that has paffed in the conference of their fide 
 that carries with it the leaft weight, but that you have not Maho- 
 med Allee's faneds on the fpot ; they are wrote for, and will be 
 lent attefted by the Caudee : you will therefore acquaint thofe gen- 
 tlemen, that no exceptions may be taken, the faneds wiil be pro- 
 duced. That iVir. Dupleix will hearken to any meafures for peace, 
 I have not the leaft expeftatlon, but that in rejeifting them he may 
 
 appear 
 
L 32 ] 
 
 appear to afl: unjuftly. Let your anfwer, which probably will be 
 the Jaft, be as full as poifibie. 
 
 I am, Gentlemen, 
 Fort St George, Your moll obedient Servant, 
 
 5th Feb. 1754. Thomas Saunders. 
 
 To the honourable Thomas Saunders, Efq; 
 Honourable Sir, 
 Inclofed we lend you a copy of our anfwer to the laft letter 
 from the French deputies, which we hope you will approve. They 
 have informed us that Mr. Dupleix is inflexible, which determines 
 us to leavt Sadrafs in the morning, unlels another letter, which 
 they have been preparing all day, requires an anfwer. 
 
 We are, with the greateft refpeft. 
 Your mofb obedient humble Servants, 
 Sadrals, 5th P'cb. Robert Pale. 
 
 1754. Henry Vansittart. 
 
 To the reverend Father Lavaur, and Mejfrs De BaufTet and De 
 Kerjean, Deputies of the French nation. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 You accufe us of vain allegations and fome fubtilties, eafily tar 
 be refuted, in your anfwer to our laft memoiial ; but we do not 
 find you have been able to prove them fo. RefletStions and re- 
 proaches are eafily njade, but when ill grounded, they return on 
 thofe that make them 
 
 You have begun Vv'ith aflerting the rights of the MarqUis Du- 
 pleix. You have endeavoured to convince lis of his authority, by 
 producing what has fufficiently convinced us that he has none. 
 
 You fay you are waiting ready for us to prove, that the govern- 
 ment of the Carnateck was given to Mahomed Allee ; but at the 
 fame time you give us to underftand, that it will anfwer no end 
 when it is proved. Is not this declaring before, hand, that you are 
 determined no laws (hall reftrain you ? 
 
 You would have us further prove, that this nominatioft of Ma- 
 homed Allee has not been revoked ; you fay the faneds granted 10 
 Chunda Saib by two immediate fucceffors of Nazirzing, one of 
 whom is now reigning, Hops us beyond a poffibility of palfing fur- 
 ther. By the firlt you muft mean Muzapherzing. Did he live long 
 enough to be appointed by the Mogul, or did he get his comminion 
 at Pondichery .'' Perhaps the emperor by a fpirit of divintttion fore- 
 told Nazirzing's cruel fate, and therefore appointed a fuccelfor in 
 time ; and what is almoft extraordinary, a fomenter of divifions 
 amongft his fubjefts, and an actual invader of his government. By 
 the fecond, you mean Salabatzing, of whom you are confeiredly 
 the prop and fupport. Was this bccaufe his appointment of Chunda 
 Saib was of more validity than that of Anaverdey Cawn by Gauze- 
 dey Caiwn, who was fent by his mafter to depofe him } 
 
 Wbem 
 
r 33 ] _ _ 
 
 When Mr. Dupleix prefTed the examination, it was without limi- 
 tation, and without any reference to thoie of the Nabob. Our 
 remarks, gentlemen, moft certainly alarmed you j but you had a 
 ftronger reafon fuggefted to you by your own eyes, as we have al- 
 ready had the honour to tell you, and to prove incontellably. We ne- 
 ver advanced, that the piece faid to come from the Mogul was wirhout 
 a feal. If you will take the trouble, gentlemen, to turn to our letter, 
 or the Father Lavaur's tranflation of it, you will find that it was the 
 want of a chop that we objected to. The moft candid way ws ac- 
 count for it is, that thisconfiderable perfon, named Us Bachi Cawn, 
 has impofed upon you. You may alfo recollett, gentlemen, that 
 we had our doubts of the other pieces, one of them in particular 
 was not dated, for which omiihon Air. De Kerjean endeavoured to 
 account, by blaming the incorreftnels of thefe Eaftern Princes irt 
 writings of the greateft confequence. If you told us at the firft 
 conference, that you had brought only copies attelled by the Caudy, 
 we declare to you again, gentlemen, that we did not hear it ; and 
 as to the plaufible method you have found out of accounting for the 
 defects in that faid to come from the Mogul, by calling it a dupli- 
 cate ; even in your letter immediately in anfwer to our objetlions, 
 you laynothing of it, no not till after you had received the marquis 
 Dupleix's letter, in v/hich he thinks it neceftary to tell you that yours 
 is a duplicate. 
 
 We were fent, and we came, gentlemen, with the beft difpofition 
 In the world ; it was with a ftrong difpofition to do our utmoft to 
 reftore peace to this unhappy country : it is true, if we will feize 
 any thing, they are but ftraws to detain us here ; for we have the 
 misfortune to find that your commiflion will not permit you to for- 
 ward the end which you affeft fo much to defire ; and if you will 
 not, gentlemen, our ftaying longer is to no purpofe. 
 
 If you had made a juft itateiiient of the quefticn, Who troubled 
 the publick repofe .'' you would have begun with giving us a vieyr 
 of the ftate of the province before you joined your troops to Chunda 
 Saib : you would have fhewn us Anaverdey Ca^An in peaceable pof- 
 feilion of his rightful government, and the country in a flourilhing 
 condition : you would then alfo have feen that the Englilh did not 
 take up arms till the dillurbers of this tranquility, carrying defola- 
 tion to the edge of our own limits, and there fpreading your flags 
 clofe to our prefidency, by virtue of authority from Chunda Saib, 
 obliged us to allift the lawful Nabob of the country for the| reftora- 
 tion of order, and the repofe of the people. 
 
 If Chunda Saib was acknowledged either by the country or the 
 Englilh, it is a fecret, gentlemen, which never till now came to our 
 knowledge, and which we would have been glad to have been ?.c- 
 quainted with: we have heard, indeed, that the Phoufdar of Vel- 
 lour went through the ceremony of being made Nabob at Pondi- 
 chery ; but, if from his aftions we may judge, he feems to have but 
 an iflditferent opinion of the rights vou have given him, as little al- 
 
 C * ffioft 
 
[ .u ] 
 
 iiioft ci^ we have or" tlie good intended the Engllfli in the pretended , 
 appointment. We allow it, however, to be a great piece of con- 
 deicenllon, moderation and confideration in the marquis Dupleix to 
 content that Salabatzing fhould appoint a Moorman to the Carna- 
 teck. Ambition is laudable when it only aims at anfwering the truft 
 of thole who have given authority, preferving their rights, and pro- 
 curing legal advantage. Could you but prove that the marquis's 
 ended here, we would be the firll to commend it. 
 
 We are treating for Nabob Anaverdey Cawn, whofe rights Jn- 
 title him to be firll confidered, but they are found inconfiftent with 
 the pretended ones of the marquis Dupleix ; and is it for this rea- 
 fon only that all our propolal? are called ^^ain and infignifcantt 
 or is it, gentlemen, becaufe we will not betray the truft that is repofed 
 in us.'' You gave us to underltand, what we cannot apprehend, 
 that Nazir/ing oftered the province to the French if they would 
 have deferted Chunda Saib. Were we fo firmly attached to a 
 rebel } Then give us alfo leave, as we may do it with more 
 jufticc, to fupport a lawful Nabob in his government. 
 
 Mr. Saunders, gentlemen, refers all his tranfactions to be judged 
 of in Europe, where it will be done with lefs partiality; and if 
 we may make any judgment from the reafons you, gentlemen, have 
 given us, with more candour, there will be manifefted the many 
 affronts which have been continually offered to our nation, by 
 laying wafte our territories, and a declaration that our colours 
 Ihould be no lanction to us, together with the violence commit- 
 ted by feizlng our forces on the open feas, in direft contra- 
 diftion to the peace ellablilhed between the two nations : there 
 alfo it will be manifefted, that the Engllfh are not the only nation 
 whofe rights have been invaded. 
 
 In Euiope it will alfo appear, that the Englifh never confirmed 
 any engagements made by Mahomed Allee lor the delivery of 
 Trichinopoly, which would have been as unjuft in them, as the 
 laying it to their charge is rafh and imprudent in you ; and it 
 will there be plainly feen, that the marquis Dupleix has ufurped 
 an authority which never was conferred upon him, and if we may 
 judge fiom the regard he pays the emperor, never will. You 
 could not have given your fuperiors and ours a clearer demonftra- 
 tion to whom the name of flave moft properly belongs, Salabat- 
 zing or Anaverdey Cawn, than your own declaration, that the 
 former, at the fame time that you call him mafter of the Deckan, 
 had need of the marquis Dupleix's confent to impower him to 
 give a governor to the Carnateck, which is at the fame time 
 a conviction of the regard you pay to the fundamental laws you 
 fojuftly delcribe. 
 
 The demand you make to us for the releafe of the French 
 prilbners is ill placed : you fhould apply to the prince againft 
 whom you have been, and are carrying on an unjuft war, and 
 
 be 
 
[ 35 ] 
 
 he will releafe them whenever it is confiftent with the fafety of 
 his government. 
 
 We do not underftand what you mean by the article loe call 
 deciji've, unlefs you mifunderftand our lettti of the ift ; when 
 we defired your pofitive anhver, it was to our general anfwer to 
 your memorial, to our reply and new propofals ; becaufe by that we 
 might be able to determine the continuance or end of the confe- 
 rence. You have rejefted all thefe propofals with difdain ; to 
 what end then, gentlemen, fhall we wait for an anfwer from 
 Po.idichery } It will be to little purpofe, unlefs you can give us 
 better hopes of the marquis's paclfick difpofitlon, than we have 
 hitherto been able to form. 
 
 The conference then terminates unfuccefsfully. This advantage 
 indeed we Hiall reap from it, that Mr. Saunders's reafonable inclina- 
 tions for peace will be manifell to the publick, and alfo the marquis 
 Dupleix's contrary difpofition, with the invalidity of the authority 
 on which he founds it. 
 
 We have the honour to be, with perfedl refpe6t, 
 Sadrafs, 4th Feb. Your moft obedient humble Servants, 
 
 1754. Robert Palk. 
 
 Henry Vansittart. 
 
 To Meffrs. Palk and Vanfittart. 
 Gentlemen, The 5th of Feb. 1754. 
 
 We fee with great regret an unfuccefsful end to our conferences. 
 The fatisfaftion we fhall receive from your perfonal conduct, and your 
 politenefs with regard to us, will not be the lels flncere. We will 
 not even refufe you the jutlice you claim on the fubje<ft of your good 
 difpofition to conclude. We will add further, gentlemen, that 
 we do not doubt of your uprightnefs in the allegation of the 
 facts you have had occafion to advance. You have followed 
 your infiruCtions to a tittle. 
 
 It was recommended to you to infill firmly and flrongly that 
 Mahomed Allee is the only lawful matter of the Carnateck ; 
 and you have done it, gentlemen, to your beft. It would be 
 fuperfluous to repeat the anfwers we have already made you on 
 that fubjeft. 
 
 You was told to deny boldly that the Engliih confirmed any engage- 
 ment made by Anaverdey Cawn for the delivery of Trichinopoly ; 
 and you have done it with fo good a grace, that you proceed 
 even to fay, that fuch an engagement ivould ha^je been as unjuji 
 in the Englijh, as the accufution is rajb and imprudent in us. 
 We fee evidently by that, gentlemen, that you have been left 
 in ignorance of the pieces we fhall offer to communicate to you 
 before our parting ; you will then fee the flrongeft promifes of Ma- 
 homed Allee, repeated, and confirmed by oath ; a letter fronj 
 Mr. Saunders himfelf to rbe Rajah of Maiffore, wherein he tells 
 him in exprel's teriuc, as to the ad or convention concerning 
 
 C -2 T^richinopolj., 
 
[ 36 ] 
 
 Irichinof-ofyy it is I that am anfiverable. As this affair, gentle- 
 men, is one of thofe wiiich you refer to be examined in Eu- 
 rope, it will there undoubtedly be feen with pleafure, with how 
 niuch charity Mr. Saunders, in the above mentioned letter, warns 
 the MaiHbreans, to he 'well on their quard again]} the French ; 
 that he is afraid leji fome misfortune f^ould happen to their 
 Vacheel at Pondichery ; and that if the enemies (that is the 
 French) fucceed, ivhich God cannrt permit, they will go to Maif- 
 Ibre. It is thus Mr. Saunders has pioufly watched after the 
 fafety of the princes of India, by fpiriting them up againft us by falfe 
 alarms. 
 
 You were told, gentlemen, in the lame manner to difpute our 
 rights obllinately, to admit none of our titles, and to talk high 
 of the neceliity the Ejiglilh were in to take up arms, after harjing 
 fcen the French fags clofe to the prefideney under the authority 
 of Chunda Saib. You have done all that, gentlemen, and it has 
 been often anfwered to. Give us leave, however, to fay one 
 word more to you on the fubjetl of the laft article, to beg you 
 will diilinguilh the times. The only umbrage Chunda Saib and 
 the French can have given you before you took up arms a- 
 gainft them, was their encamping within five leagues of Cudda- 
 lore in his way to Tanjore. That was their road, and a coun- 
 try which acknowledged Chunda Saib for mafter. He never 
 came nearer to your limits, and kept feveral days journey oflF 
 hi the march he made a long time after to go from Chelle- 
 put to Trichinopoly. Mr. Saunders at that time complained to 
 him of nothing but his going into a country engaged by Ma- 
 homed Allee to the Englifh. We thall otFer you alfo, gentle- 
 men, a fight of this fecond letter of Mr. Saunders's, where you 
 may remark that he makes a plea of the mutual friendpip which 
 then fubfultid between Chunda Saib and the Englifh. This letter 
 may furniih you with many reflettions j we fliall make but one 
 at prefent, on the fubjec^ of the injuftiee ft v/oald have been 
 on your part (as you fay) if you had confirmed the engage- 
 ment of Trichinopoly in favour of the Maiilbreans. Was it more 
 jult that Mahomed Allee lliould ergage it to your nation, and 
 you iiccept it ? If a legitimate defence obliged us to join with the 
 Maiflbreans alienated from your party by the faithleffnefs of Mahomed 
 Allee, v/e do not pretend to procure him what he defires, but with 
 the confent of Sakibatzing, who only, as mafter of the Deckan, can 
 legitimate any alienation of a country in his dependance. 
 
 if the above complaint, gentlemen, regards the time when yoii 
 no longer obferved any mealiires, when you feized upon the 
 country and place of Arcot in the abfence of Chunda Saib, 
 who was employed at Trichinopoly , we do not difpute that 
 Raja Saib, his fon, was in the neighbourhood of Madrafs j with 
 this circumftancc however, that the French who were in his 
 armv refufed to follow kim when he went tovi-aids your limits. 
 
 B»t 
 
[ 57 ] 
 
 But a further detail would only lengthen this letter to no pur- 
 pofe ; and we are charmed that you referve this artxle for Eu- 
 rope, as well as the others mentioned in your letter. 
 
 The only one which admits of no delay, is that of the prifoners, 
 whofe deliverance we again demand of you j becaufe we cannot 
 fee the fuhjefts of our king peiifh in vour prifons in a manner 
 fo little conformable to the mutual regard due from the iwo 
 nations in peace, and particularly on a point wherein we have Ihewn 
 you the example. Ihe king depends on Mr. Saunders, and on hiui 
 only. The {hii't he makes of ret"erring us to the prince Mahomed Allee^ 
 is only proper, give us leave to \:\'^^ to rend.T his refufal more Ringing. 
 
 You have then heard, gentlemen, that the Phoiiidar of Vel- 
 lour was made at Pondichery, governor of the Carnateck ; his 
 appointment by Salabatzing was however notified to you, and this 
 iait even wrorayou of it himfelf 
 
 We did not fay that Salabaf/.Ing could not have made this 
 appointment without the confent of the marquis Duplei.x, only 
 that he did n^ake it with the approbation of this Iait, [bi 
 whom it is not furprifing he (hould have fome refpedt. If this 
 Phoufdar does not at^ accordingly, as in effeft he did not puih 
 the advantage he once had over you, it is a confequence of 
 the regard he has always had for your nation, and which is not 
 unknown to us. This confirms what we faid before of the 
 good intentions of the marquis Dupleix, and Ihews plainly that 
 you only refufe to acknowledge fuch a governor of the Carna- 
 teck ; becaufe you have a mind to remain mafters of it under the 
 name of Mahomed Allee. This, gentlemen, will always be a point 
 of divifion as long as you infill on it. 
 
 Be fo good to remind Mr. Saunders that we have made 
 good the declaration the marquis Dupleix made him before wc 
 came here, namely, that it would be to no purpofe to make us 
 fuch a propofal. 
 
 If Mr. Saunders thinks proper to treat on the footing we 
 have propofed, by acknowledging the titles of which we are 
 bearers, we will endeavour, gentlemen, to give you all pofllble 
 fatisfadion. 
 
 It would be loft time, gentlemen, if our conference do not 
 continue, to reply here to the other articles of your letter. Be- 
 fides, the new ftrokes you ftrive to give to our pieces do not 
 alarm us more than the others ; if that to which you obje£t the 
 want of a date did not even exift, our rights would not be 
 the lefs fupported by all the others. But not to mention that 
 the date is fupplied by other circumftances, fuch an omilfion 
 does not denote, as we have faid before, a piece contrived to 
 impofe : remark, gentlemen, that the want of a date is not a 
 fign of invalidity, that it can only affedt particular points, of 
 which the date muft decide, and that is fufficient for us the piece 
 exifts. We ought to know better than any body what im- 
 
 C 3 predions 
 
preflions fuch objeftions make upon us ; be afTured they do not 
 frighten us. 
 
 We have the honour to be, with real refpecl, 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 Your moft humble and jmoft obedient Servants, 
 
 P'r. L. Lavaur. 
 De Bauset t. 
 De Kerjeak. 
 
 To the re'verend Father hzvzMT /itid Mcjfrs De Baufet /7«(i/De Ker- 
 jean, deputies of the French notion. 
 Gentlemen, 
 After our commilTaries had been difrefpeftrullv made to wair 
 twenty days, and fpent a fortnight uiore, when nothing was offered to 
 them but ibmefew papers, by which the very name of faneds is ob- 
 vioufly difgraced, when to their reafonable propofals only an ar- 
 bitrary anlwer was given, contrary to_ that equity and juftice 
 which is the foundation of all lawful right and authority, plainly 
 convinced that Mr. Dupleix had no fmcere intention to adopt 
 meafures for the reftoration of tranquility to the province ; on 
 the contrary, a violent refolution illegally to ufurp an unjutl au- 
 thority, produfiive of the calamities of war, confcious to them- 
 felves they had done their duty, they took their leave ; then. 
 Gentlemen, you prefented them with a letter of the 15th of Fe- 
 bruary, which, as it contains new matter, I fliall do myfelf the ho- 
 nour to reply to. 
 
 You are not ignorant we conferred, empowered by Nabob 
 Mahomed Allee; and when we infilled on his being lawful 
 marter of the Carnateck, it was your part either to difprove or 
 acknowledge his right. It is indeed fuperfluous to repeat your 
 anfwer ; for when, upon your afking for the ianeds, you was told 
 that attefted copies ftiould be fent for, it only produced a pofitive 
 9nd arbitrary declaration from yoy, that Mr. Dupleix was re- 
 folved upon no account to acknowledge Nabob Mahomed Allec 
 as Suba of the Carnateck. Thofe (aneds are by this time on the 
 road, you may fend a perfon to infpeft them. 
 
 I cannot but with furprife remark, gentlemen, that you ar^ 
 extremely over hafty in your conclufions, and too apt to aflert 
 for facl what you cannot have a clear knowledge of In re- 
 gard to the confirmation of the delivery of Trichinopoly, yoH 
 make this quotanon from a fuppofed letter of mine ; " As t« 
 ** the act or convention of Trichinopoly, it is I that am an- 
 *' f-werable.' You are impofed on, 1 never wrote to the Maif- 
 fore King or Dalloway any fuch thing, nor they to me ; nor 
 had I a knowledge of any agreement between the Nabob and 
 the Dalloway, till after Seringham was taken. Our records, 
 where all letters are entered will prove it ; nay the Maiflbre 
 JCing'a vacheei, now here, is convinced gf it. I fend you a 
 
 copy 
 
[ 59 ] 
 copy of the only letter that has any refemblance, and that very 
 diftant from what you mention : further, you forget, gentlemen, 
 the letter to Chunda Saib, wherein 1 write him that Trichinopoly 
 was mortgaged to the Englifh. Mr. Dupleix alfo was advil'ed of 
 it» and his anfwer will always remain as a remarkable inftance of 
 his refpe(St for his Britanick majetly's flag, which he fays Ihall be no 
 fan(Stion to the Engliih fubjeft. I have ufed my mediation to ac- 
 commodate matters between the Nabob and the Maillbre Dalloway, 
 and recommended to his vackeel to get a faned for it ; his reply was, 
 Salabatzing had no faned for, and was not legally inverted with, 
 the government of the Deckan ; and therefore had no power to 
 grant one. Now I am on this fubjeft, I cannot avoid giving you 
 the fentiments of that prince's vackeel in his letter to me, viz. 
 *' You are fenfible of the pretended right of Chunda Saib, v/ho 
 *' applied to Muftaphazing, and by the alfillance of the French 
 " proved a rebel, and is ruining the inhabitants of this province by 
 " his wicked proceedings. It this man is puniflied according to 
 " his deferts, the great Mogul will be vaftly pleafed, and you will 
 " maintain a good name and reputation. As to Nabob Anaverdey 
 " Cawn, he is of the family of the Omrahs, and was honoured 
 " with a ferpau by Nazirzing of the government of the Carnateck : 
 " befides, he has lately received the Mogul's Phirmaund and Gau- 
 ** zedey Cawn's letter in confirmation of that government." 
 
 To what purpofe is it, gentlemen, to fay our commlffaries were 
 told to difpute your rights obftinately, and to admit none of your 
 titles : I know of no rights but Pondichery and its diftrift, nor any 
 titles but the marquis Dupleix, the French Eail India company's 
 governor ; it is true, your vanity furnilhed you with chimerical 
 ones, and the fame exceflive blind vanity hurried you on Indifcreetly 
 to prefs an examination of them : but when the principal one was 
 exploded, and the fpots began to appear in the others, you fup- 
 preffed a further fcrutiny ; by this you meant to hide their defects. 
 Thus gentlemen, you perfectly convinced us of their invalidity ; Co 
 difficult is it to fupport a wrong caufe, that the arguments made 
 ufe of to corroborate, often expofe it the more. I rejjeat we ac- 
 knowledge no territories or titles but what are founded on law- 
 ftil authority ; and till the marquis has proved his, we rejeiit them, 
 and regard them as invalid. It is needlefs to repeat the many ads 
 of violence done us by Chunda and his Allies j I could produce 
 fome pieces of the marquis and marchionels's, many more there 
 are, I will give them their due weight, let the rabble, for whom 
 they were deiigned, put them to the ufe they pleafe ; but when 
 the officer of Mr. Dupleix's forces, whom Chunda's fon writes 
 that he had fent with a detachment to inliilt our colours at St. 
 Thome, when the French alfo plundered and burnt our houfes at 
 the Mount; and the furniture was carried to Pondichery, when 
 our officers at Conjeveram weie ordered on the ramparts to be ihot 
 by their own countrymen. Thele fafts carry with them a force 
 
 C 4 nyr 
 
L 4^^ J 
 not to be coiur?.diLlcd ; and when Mr. Dupleix writes me that his Bri- 
 tannick fvlajelly's flag fliall be no i'anCtion to his fubjeds ; whtn on 
 the open icas he, contrary to treaty, piratically v/ith armed veflels 
 siTaults and makes piiloners our men going v/ith a regular pafTport 
 from Maoiiifs to I'ort St. David : how chearfully do 1 fubmit it to 
 his moll" Cliiiftian Majdly to judge and punilh this breach of treaty, 
 this alTront to his Britaiinick iVlaicfty. 1 have before toid vou, that 
 "^i'richinopoly was moitgaged to us, the I ond is now in our hands ; 
 it is a legal one. I have related to you, that we never confirmed 
 the agreemcnr of Trichinopoly, and that Vencatrow, the MaifTore 
 Vackeel, is convinced of it, and acknowledges it; and futber, that 
 he fays Salabatzing has no power to give a lar.ed for it ; tor tljat he 
 has none himlell. 
 
 By the date of my letter to Chunda Saib, it appears to have been 
 vrittcn above a year after we hr.d joined Nabob Mihomed Aiiee. 
 The purport was to inform him that Trichinopoly was tr.ortgaged to 
 the Englilh, and dcfire he would ceafe conmntting hofti'ities there ; 
 fo great, gentlemen, b your ignorance of real fatts ; and as ground- 
 lels is your alFertion that Chunda Saib was acknowledged by the 
 whole province ; he was not by any one power in the country : as 
 a proof of this, he was obliged immediately on his leaving Pondi- 
 cherr, by the help of your forces to begin his aflumed government 
 by the befieging efforts ; for no officer paid him obedience. Pleafe 
 to remark the MailFore Vackeel s words : " You are fenfible of the 
 *' pretended right of Chunda Saib, who applied to Muftaphaz- 
 " ing. and by the afhftance of the French proved a rebel, and is 
 " ruining the inhabitants of the province by his wicked proceedings." 
 You lay that Hodjee Addee, o\ir Vackeel, was lent to Chunda 
 Saib to conif l!a:ent him ; your knowledge of this affair, which I 
 think may be doubted, is beyond mine: Hodjee Addee immediately 
 on the death of Na/irzing v.as difmifl'ed from his employs, and 
 never fince that time trufted. Jn regard to the fecond letter to 
 Chunda Saib, it tells him, that after the treacherous affaflination of 
 Kazirzing, Na! ob Mahomed Allee was Subah of the Carnateck ; 
 that he had fince been confirmed by the Mogul and Gauzedy Cawn ; 
 and that J would fpport him offering terms to Chunda Saib if he 
 defilfed from his rebellion. Of all the pieces you have referred to, 
 there is not a fingle aflertion but what has been proved groundlefs, 
 the fupports of your pretended rights defe(^ive and null : they cor- 
 refpond indeed with a wicked caule, perpetrated with afTairi nation, 
 ?nd rebellion. 
 
 It has been often repeated to you, that we never had, nor have 
 any priloneis of yours : thofe in our fettlemenrs are there by the mu- 
 tual agreement of ) our commandant and the Nabob. This a6t of 
 purs was through a motive of compalfion at your officers requeft. 
 We are ready to furrender them when you and the Nabob agree 
 «n the terms : what others are in the Nabob's ^orts were made pri- 
 foners fighting ?galnft him in his own dominions, and are by him 
 
 cop-! 
 
[ 4> ] 
 
 confined. You are acquainted with this, a convincing proof is in 
 Pondichery ; pleafe to afk your officers to whom the/ gave their 
 parole. 
 
 You have been already informed, that we were not ignorant of 
 the iTiam inveiliture of Mootis iMlee Cawn at Pondichery j that 
 fugar was diftributed for the children, and the cannon difcharged 
 to awe old women. How tender, gentlemen, are you in proteft- 
 ing you did not fay that Salabatzing could not make fuch an ap- 
 pointment ; but yet fo plealing, fo tickling it was to your vanity, 
 that you could not avoid letting us know that he did it with the 
 marquis's approbation, for whom it was not furprifing that he had 
 fome refpecl;. This is in French telling us what we have declared to 
 you in Englifh, that Salabatzing is not at liberty to do as he pleafes, 
 cannot make officers himfelf at Aurengabad, but muft fubmit to 
 JMr. Dupleix's approbation at Pondichery. From hence the murmurs 
 and general dlfTatifadtion that prevail among the omrahs and leading 
 men from Aurengabad to the fea. The truth is, the rebellion at 
 Delhi prevents the Mogul at prefeut from putting an end to thefe 
 irregularities. What ads of gencrofity has the Nabob ever expe- 
 rienced from the enemy .? Surely you cannot call the killing of his 
 father and depriving him of his government fuch. A4ootis Allee 
 Cawn may indeed be fenfible of the friendthip of our nation, in 
 leaving his fort unmolelted, when laft year there was no force to 
 oppofe it, and in reconmiendlng a friendfliip between him and the 
 Nabob; and if Mootis Allee Cawn did fufpend taking any advan- 
 tages that offered, it muft be attributed to the fenfe he has of the 
 illegality of the title you invefted him with. That we aim at keep- 
 ing the Carnateck is fo abfurd, that the very otters made in the 
 conference immediately refute It. 
 
 I cannot concur with you that Mr. Dupleix has made good his 
 declaration to me : he offered his pretentions to an examination, 
 but it was fupprefTed : he affured me he dropped all animofuv to 
 Nabob Mahomed Allee ; but without waiting for a fcrutinv of 
 his faneds, it was declared pofitlvely he would never upon any ac- 
 count acknowledge him as Nabob of the province. 
 
 I am very willing (and have already fhewn myfelf fo) to treat of 
 meafures for reftoring tranquility ; but to what purpofe is jt, wheri 
 Mr. Dupleix will not co-operate with me ; and infifts on an ac- 
 knowledgement of titles which have been already proved unjuft and 
 and illegal. 
 
 It is very evident that the dates of commiffions cancel or prove 
 their validity ; for inftance fuppofe a faned dated 1754, and ano- 
 ther 1755, ^^^ former would of confequence be revoked and an- 
 nulled by the latter ; fo that what you have advanced on that 
 fubjed falls of Itfelf 
 
 Thus far in regard to fubjects that have been introduced and dlf- 
 cuffed during the conference, it will not be foreign to the purpofe, 
 J cpnceivp, w examine the propofals and anfwers of each party ; 
 
 as 
 
[42 1 
 
 as both declare their fincere inclination to reftore tranquility, let it 
 appear why it has not fucceeded. 
 
 Empowered by Nabob Mahomed Allee, we conferred, what 
 regards the other parties is fo dependant on this point, that it would 
 of courfe be eafily adjulled ; therefore I (hall proceed to fay, we 
 propofed Mahomed Allee ihould, agreeable to his legal fancds, be 
 Nabob of the province ; and that he would give the French Ja- 
 pcers to the fame amount as the Englifh j a free liberty of trade 
 Ihould be impartially granted to both, and both be confidered a: 
 common friends to the Circar. 
 
 Can any thing be more reafonable, more equitable, than to 
 propofe that a prince inverted with a legal authority ihould be ac- 
 knowledged as fuch by thofe who as Grangers live under his pro- 
 te^ioD. If it is not acknowledged it certainly Ihould be difproved, 
 or theperfon difputing it without any legal authority, mutt be deem- 
 ed acting contrary to the eilablilhed laws of the country : What 
 was the anfwer ? Without waiting for an examination of thefe titles, 
 it was, that Mr. Dupleix never would on any account acknowledge 
 Nabob Mahomed Alice as Suba of the Carnateck. 
 
 When the Nabob offers to his enemies the fame advantages as 
 to his friends, and when thefe muft appear beneficial to all that 
 think tbemfelves fubject to the eftablilhed government, what can a 
 refufai of them mean, more than a firm refolution by power of army 
 to ufurp ? Let me add, that from thefe propofals the Englilh have 
 not endeavoured to gain to tbemfelves any particular advantages, but 
 are fatisiied, in obedience to the government, to be concerned as 
 Common friends with the French ; and that the liberty of trade 
 fhould be mutual, without partiality to either. How unjuft then is 
 the refieftion you make, gentlemen, that the Englifh defign to re- 
 main mafters of the province under the name of Nabob Mahomed 
 Allee : thofe very propafals refute it : and if you are refolved that 
 this /hall always be a point of divifion, we fhail always retain our 
 juft fentiments and inclination for peace, and only defend when 
 hoftile invafion requires it. So moderate are the Nabob's propofals, 
 that to perfons unacquainted with fa£ts, they would feem to come 
 fronj a prince in diftrefs, and not one whofe army has never been 
 repulfed ; but wherever his ftandard has been difplayed, the fpoils 
 of the enemy's arms have been conftant marks of his vidory. 
 
 The exprelhon you ufed when our propofals were made you is 
 remarkable ; " That it would at once be giving up all." If your 
 intentions are to ufurp all, it may be fo ; though it may be afked at 
 the fame time what right you have to do it, or what reafon to ex- 
 peft a tame fubmiihon to it, and this muft appear to all mankind 
 unreafonable ; probably you may conclude that Nabob Mohamed 
 Allee, fenfible of our friendlnip to him will aft partially in his favours 
 to us ; no doubt he will gratefully remember our fteady alliance to 
 the Circar, but fofar as concerns what might be concluded and rati- 
 fied 
 
[ 4.^ 1 
 fied by treaty. The contradting parties, the King of MaiiToie, King 
 of Tanjore and Morarow, v/ould guarantee it ; by this means the 
 jealoufy is removed 
 
 Now follow your propofals to exempt Madrafs from a tribute of pa- 
 godas 400c per annum, to fecure to us Poonamallee, to fee our debt 
 paid, and to make a provifion for Nabob Mahomed Allee in a pri- 
 vate capacity. The marquis Dupleix's tides are to be acknowledged 
 as prince of all the territories to the river Krifna. 
 
 By thefe conceifions to us, and the diveiting the Nabob of his 
 government, at firft view it would feem to be'wich a defign to tempt 
 us to be villains, in betraying the truft repofed in us by the Nabob. 
 by whofe powers we treated. If Mr. Dupleix's own actions are 
 of fo black a nature as to induce him to think fo meanly of the reft 
 of mankind, to them let him add this. But we have fome reafon 
 to conclude that he well knows that our alliance with the Circar, 
 and attachment to the Mogul's legal officer, is fuch as not to be 
 iTiaken by any motives of felf-intereft, ?nd rather think this is art- 
 fully defigned to amufe his and our fuperlors; but by writing 
 them, how beneficial to our interell his offers have been? This 
 might be anfwered at once, that he would generoufly promil'e us 
 what is not his to give- To inveft him with a power, to take not 
 only them, but every thing elfe away from us when he pleafed : but 
 1 ihalldefcend to particulars, and firft. Madrafs never has paid nor 
 been taxed with fuch a tribute ; next, we have a legal grant for 
 Poonamallee ; and as to the third, it muft be done by a mortgage on 
 other countries. Neither this nor the other two has Mr. Dupleix 
 any power to do, or procure effeftually ; for when Monf BuiTy 
 extorted from Salabatzing an order for the rents of the Rajamun- 
 drum and Chickakole countries, the Nabob of thofe governments 
 paid no regard to it, but difperfed the troops who were fent to 
 collect the revenue. Thefe, gentlemen, are not fpecious argu- 
 ments, but facts which clearly prove the infufficiency of the power 
 you aflume. 
 
 Though you thought fit by no other means to fet afide the Na- 
 bob's rights, than pofitively to declare it was not Mr. Dupleix's 
 pleafure to ackowledge them ; this did not lead our commiffaries 
 to make ufe of the like arbitrary weapons ; when an examinatiou 
 of the marquis's pretenfions was prefTed, they judged it an impro- 
 per rule for their conduct, and chearfully acceded to the propolal, 
 with a refolution to acknowledge, if juft, and it not, to object to 
 them. Of the capital one from the Mogul, upon a flight view 
 the defedts appeared ; it had the feal of the precedent emperor of 
 fo old a date as 1133 of the Hegyra : and when blots in fome others 
 alfo became obvious, you were ftaggered and immediately fupprelled 
 a further fcrutiny ; the reafon you alledged was weak, for an exami- 
 nation of the Nabob's would have neither added to or diminillied 
 the force of your fanedj; befides as thefe papers were produced 
 
 by 
 
[ 44 ] 
 by you voluntarih-, a^; the firft and principal fubjcdl to be difcufled, 
 fliould not it have been finiihed before frtih matter was introduced ? 
 You were fo fenfible of their invalidity, that vou declined the pro- 
 pofed examination of your faneds ; but Mr. Dupleix foon furnilhed 
 you with a iaive, that it was a duplicate ; that the original was in 
 Pondichery ; that the error in the feal was a mifiake of the Mogul's 
 iecretary in affixing the old emperor's leal inftead of the prelent. 
 To thele I anfwer, that it is unufual to fend duplicates of faneds 
 from the Mogul ; that if this is ad-.ilitted, as the duplicate is to 
 fupply the place of the original, common fenfe dictates that it 
 fhould be in every refpecl the fame as the original ; and that in 
 patents transferring the right of kingdoms, great accuracy and cor- 
 rednefs is obferved ; and that the feal could not be the millake of 
 the fecretary, as it is univerfally known, that after the deceafe of an 
 emperor, his feal is never made ufe of. As the falfity of this faned 
 has been palpably proved, and the arguments to fupply its defedts 
 confuted j as it i.-. a faned from Delly, and not from Pondichery, 
 that will carry with it the proper weight ; and as a total fupprethon 
 has been made of an examination of the rett upon their defects ap- 
 pearing ; for thefe realons we do objedt to, and deny the rights which 
 Mr. Dupleix may from thefe papers pretend to, and regard him 
 with that politenels which one nation owes another, only as gover- 
 nor of Pondichery and its dependancies. 
 
 If, Gentlemen, this letter fnould appear fpun out to a great 
 length, impute it to a ftrong defire that no one fubjetl you have 
 advanced may be unreplied to. Our fuperiors may |u(lly claim a 
 right to be acquainted who commenced, continued, and Hill conti- 
 nue this calamitous war : you have very difingenuoufly faid the 
 Englilh, but not fupported your allegation. In treating this point, 
 I will be governed by thofe very rules you have perfcrlbed: that 
 the fundamental laws of the country are to acknowledge the Grand 
 Mogul for firft fovereign ; the govenor General of the Deckan for 
 his reprefentative in that country; and the particular Governors 
 appointed by the Governor General of the Deckan, as holding their 
 authoiity fiom him. 
 
 Should we trace thefe troubles fo far back as the unhappy war 
 between our two narions, we have the greatell reafon to complain ; 
 for according to the eftablilhed laws of nations, in a neutral 
 prince's dominions peace ihould be preferved ; fuch prince has a 
 right to inliil on it : and if afcer the lofs o. Madrafs, Nabob Anever- 
 dey Cawn, fenfible of the injury to his country through our mis- 
 fortune, endeavoured to prevent future rnifchiefs, from this you 
 can lake no umbrage, without contradiding thofe fundamental prin- 
 ciples by which the reft of the world are governed. This war 
 fubfided, and fome time after Mullaphazing, who had by his ill 
 conduct undergone a reproof from his uncle Nazirzing, and dif- 
 gufted recired to his fmall government of Adoni, where he was 
 engaged in foaic dilputes with his neighbours, when Chunda Saib, 
 
 who 
 
L 43 J 
 
 who had by ftratagem made his efcape from the Maratta's, cirtcred 
 into the fervicc of Bernia Remeadar of Cheatal Darga as a (er- 
 inidar over two or three hundred horfe, and was defeated in a bat- 
 tle fought with the people of Bedanore or Savanore. He tirll: 
 inftilled into Muftaphazing the feeds of rebellion ; the fcheuie was 
 laid for feizing the government of the Carnateck ; certain people 
 who had before aililted Chunda Saib in the reduction of Trichi- 
 nopoly, came into an alliance with them ; they collefted what 
 force they were able, and marched towards Arcot, a flcirmifh with 
 the Circar's troops happened, when they were joined by the forces 
 of their allies, a battle was fought wherein Nabob Anaverdey 
 Cawn was flain, Arcot was taken and the ufurpation commenced. 
 From hence, gentlemen, thofe calamities v/hich have lb long pre- 
 vailed took their rife : Had the Englilh any concern in them ? 
 None; Why then do you unjultly cail the odium on them ? Let 
 Mr. Dupleix produce a ianed from the Great Mogul or Nazirzing 
 for dellroying the legal governor of the province and fomenting 
 a rebellion ; I call upon him to do it, or his and our fuperiors muft 
 plainly be convinced that he has afted in open violence to the fun- 
 damental laws of the country in rebelling agai.ift Nabob Anaver- 
 dey Cawn, the legal governor of the province, holding his autho- 
 rity from Nazirzing, the Governor General of the Deckan, the 
 reprefentative of the great Mogul ; an obedience to which, yoa 
 have laid down as the fundamental laws of the country, and con- 
 fequently ought to obey. 
 
 As every thing that has fince happened is evidently the effect 
 of that rebellion of which Chunda and his allies were the caufe, 
 it is but a reafonable affertion that they are the authors of the 
 whole ; and on the contrary, thofe who have withllood thefe re- 
 bels ading in oppofition to the fundamental laws of the country, 
 are juftihed. This you may urge is a conclulion very general, but 
 it is a juft one. 
 
 Rebellion can only be fupported by a£ls of violence : fuch have 
 appeared J the lives and property of the fubjefl: were invaded j 
 Mahomed Allee, fon to Nabob Anaverdey Cawn, inverted with the 
 Trichinopoly government, v/hich was the principal one of the 
 province, after Arcot was taken, faithfnl to his nialler, protected 
 the rights of the Circar. Here, gentlemen, the Englilh firft made 
 their appearance j from the Mogul and his officers they had re- 
 ceived phirmaunds for their fettlements and trade, and lived under 
 the prote(2tion of his governors ; and it was but gratitude to fupport 
 his officers, it was jult too. They joined Mahomed Allee, and ac- 
 tjuainted Nazirzing with the ftate of the province, he approved 
 of their condudt, wrote to Mahomed Allee to be firm in the govern- 
 ment of the Carnateck, marched himfelf to fettle the province, and 
 then confirmed Mahomed Allee in it ; Muftaphazing, fenfible of his 
 error, fubmitted ; but Chunda and his allies continued rebellious, 
 a confpiracy was formed with the Cuduapa and Condanore Nabobs, 
 and Nazirzing the lawful prince of the Deckan was aiTalEnated. 
 
 So 
 
[ 46 ] 
 
 So true is what I have before faid, that rebellion muft have recourle 
 to, and be fupported by ads of violence ; this commenced with the 
 death of the lawful governor of the Carnateck, and was continued 
 by the alfainnation of the Great Mogul's viceroy of the Deckan, 
 Thefe are fatts which clearly prove that Mr. Dupleix (not we) 
 who commenced, Hill continues this war, and as we have acted 
 very conformable to, fo has he in open violation of thofe fundamen- 
 tal laws of the country, which he is fubjett to, and ought to obey. 
 In your memorial of a faned, I do not obferve, gentlemen, one for 
 this authority; if you have any, pleafe to produce it, or acknov/- 
 ledge you had no right to aiH thus, but have afted as an ally toa rebel. 
 After the afTallination, Muftaphazing was releafed and fet up as 
 prince of the Deckan, who, with Chunda and Nazirzing's treafure 
 and jev.'els, were conducted to Pondichery. It was induftrioufly 
 fpread about that a divifion was made of thofe jewels and treafures. 
 Some gratuities luight be diftributed to the villains who adted their 
 parts in the betraying and aiTafTmation of Nazirzing ; but the fup- 
 portet of this rebellion, having the right of poflellion, took for 
 himfelf the greateft part. Muftaphazing had a fmall matter gene- 
 roufly beftowed on him for his expences ; greater honours were 
 indeed allowed him, thofe of prince of the Deckan, and to Chunda 
 Saib the fubafhip of the Carnateck. It was a prudent meafure 
 firft to appoint a prince of the Deckan, and fubah of the Car- 
 nateck ; for who will difpute but a prince of the Deckan has 
 a power to give jageers, and a fubah of the Carnateck to govern 
 the province. Nabob Mahomed Allee indeed might arte whe- 
 ther all this was done by the Mogul's order, and if Mr. Du- 
 pleix cannot (as it is well known he cannot) produce any of the 
 laneds ; every thing from this mock authority proceeding, is defec- 
 tive, contrary to the eftablilhed laws of the country, and only the 
 adts of rebels. To proceed, gentlemen, Muftaphazing, thus ac- 
 cording to the forms of Pondichery regularly inverted, began his 
 government, it is faid, by afts of generolity for the airaffination of 
 Ills uncle J to Mr. Dupleix a large dillridt, to madam Dupleix 
 another, to the gentlemen of the fuperior council each according 
 to his rank, jageers to the officers according to their rank, the 
 fame to Mr. Dupleix's black minillers likewife ; though to do juftice 
 to the gentlemen of the fuperior council, I never heard that they 
 have had any Ihare in the management of thefe atFaiis, but fllently 
 condemn and deteil them ; the fame I may fay of the gentlemen 
 cflicers. Thefe are what Mr. Dupleix calls his rights : it may be 
 by Ibme imagined that thefe gratuities were intended as a reward 
 for the afTailination of Nazirzing only j no, the rebellion was ftill to 
 be profecuted. Muftaphazing faw and heard the murmurs in the 
 army, then awed by the guns of Pondichery ; he dreaded their 
 fury when they were removed from thence, knew the horrid mur- 
 *ler was unanimoufly detefted, and was fenfible that a power ufurp- 
 ed nmft be fupported by force, and that he could never ellablifh 
 his government in the Deckan without it ; the French troops were 
 
 nc- 
 
[ 47 3 
 neceflary, they accordingly joined him ; but fhort-lived is pov^'er 
 ufurped by indireft means : after a kw days march from Pondi- 
 chery, the Nabobs of Cadaapah and Condanore, who had mur- 
 dered Nazirzing, put an end to his life and ufurpation. I accom- 
 panied this prince fo far, that I might, as I begun with his rebellion, 
 conclude with his fate, fuch as is generally the end of ufurpers. 
 I Qiall now return to the province: Chunda Saib and his allies, 
 foon after the departure of Muftaphazing, took the field and begun 
 their operations by plundering, befieging of forts, and bv force 
 garrifoning them. Nabob Mahomed Allee on the murder of Nazir- 
 zing had taken refuge in Trichinopoly, where the Englilh fent a fmall 
 detachment for his fecurity j and on Chunda Saib's taking the field 
 with his allies, the Englilh detached a larger force to join the Na- 
 bob's army, which after taking Verdachilum, they did near Volcon- 
 da ; here a fkirmilh happened, and at Utatore another ; the rebels 
 being greatly fuperior, the Nabob's army crofTed the Cauvery and 
 Coleroon, and encamped under the cannon of Trichinopoly, the 
 rebels followed; as a fiege was imprafticable, they formed a bloc- 
 kade for feveral months and raifed works, but at fuch a diftance as 
 proved of no fignification. At length the Maiflbreans and Mora- 
 row joined the Nabob, when the Rebels to do them juftice, made 
 a good retreat with their cannon and baggage to Seringham, which 
 in a fliort time capitulated ; and the traitor Chunda Saib, who had 
 formed a defign of efcaping by promifes to Monagee, was in the 
 fullnefs of his crimes executed. Pleafe to remark, gentlemen, as 
 the French continued their alliance with Chunda Saib, the Englifli 
 were firm in their attachment to Nabob Mahomed Allee, who had 
 received a legal phirmaund from Nazirzing: the death of that 
 prince did not cancel this phirmaund ; he was killed by rebels ; the 
 government was by them ufurped j the Nabob faithful to his fo- 
 vereign, ftill continued to defend his rights. We wrote to the 
 Mogul- of the revolution, and our attachment to the Circar, and 
 defired his orders, that we might aft in obedience to them. He 
 was gracioufly pleafed to fend Nabob Mahomed Allee a phirmaund 
 for the Carnateck, to appoint Gauzedy Cawn viceroy of the Dec- 
 kan who likewife granted Nabob Mahomed Allee a faned and o-ave 
 us orders to fupporthim: this phirmaund from the Mogul, this 
 faned and thefe orders from Gauzedy Cawn have never been re- 
 voked ; from which it is obvious, that Nabob Mahomed A"ee 
 Cawn's title is juft, and that we have acted according to the fun- 
 damental laws of the country ; and as Muftaphazing never could 
 receive any faned from the Mogul, nor is it the leaft probable that 
 any would ever have been granted to a publick difturber of the 
 peace of the country ; fuch rights as Mr. Dupleix may pretend 
 to defire from him, fuch authority as Chunda Saib might have 
 alledged for the Carnateck, are unjull, illegal, and of no force; 
 and confcquently Mr. Dupleix is proved by thefe fads to prolong 
 the war, contrary to the eftablllhed governiueat. 
 
 As 
 
[ 48 ] 
 
 As I have diTcufled the affairs of this province, which were 
 iranlafted on your part by a pretended authority from Muftaphaz- 
 ing, I fhall now return to the army, the command of which was given 
 to Salabatzing, who was reieafed from confinement j and your 
 troops, very indifferent who it was, fo as they had a fpecious 
 pretence, continued their march w ith him to Hydrabad. As fbon 
 as the news of the affaifmation of Nazirzing reached Delly, Gau- 
 zedey Cawn received from the Mogul a faned for the Deckan. 
 Some months were fpent in fettling this affair, when he marched at 
 the head of his army towards his government, and arrived at Au- 
 rengabad, where he was poilbned by Salabatzing's mother. Here, 
 gentlemen, is another horrid act to fupport that caufe, the juftnefs 
 of which you take fb much pains to defend ; and when the mother 
 was with the Omrah's, entreating her fon Salabatzing to difmifs the 
 French troops, bitter was his reply, that had fhe not poifoned his 
 uncle, he might peaceably have enjoyed fbme fraall government un- 
 der him, but now he detained the French as his fecurity. Stung 
 with remorfe, fhe retired to her tent, fetting fire to it with defign to 
 perifh in the flames, but was prevented. In this appears a plain 
 convidion, that Salabatzing acknowledged Gauzedey Cawn, and 
 would have fubmitted to him. He remains at the head of his 
 army at Aurengabad, environed by a French guard, and (as I have 
 had the honour already to tell Mr. Dupleix) not at liberty to 
 adt as he pleafes, in continual apprehenlions from the Omrahs, who 
 are in general diffatisfied. The Phirmaund from the Mogul to Na- 
 bob Mahomed Allee is flilJ in force, and confirmed by his Vifier 
 Shecaubudy Cawn, fon to Gauzedey Cawn, I have already told 
 you, fhall be forth-coming. By a train of fa£ts clofely connected, 
 I am perfuaded of the juftnefs of the Nabob's title ; and confe- 
 quently our alliance with him, will to yours and our fuperiors ap- 
 pear, that you have ingenioufly endeavoured to throw that odium on 
 us, which a feries of circumllances prove you the authors of ; and 
 that you commenced, continued, and flill continue a calamitous war, 
 contrary to the fundamental laws of the country, every one muft 
 be convinced of I am lorry, gentlemen, propofals fo reafonable, 
 fo moderate, fojuft, and fo beneficial to your real intereft, as thole 
 which our commiffaries had the honour to make you, fhould meet 
 with fo cold a reception ; I would, if there were any grounds, I 
 would hope that Mr. Dupleix figuring to himlelf the idea, and as 
 from a rihng ground beholding the group of miferies fpringing from 
 poilbnSj alfaffinations, breach of confanguinity, thoufands by dif- 
 ferent deaths perilhing, yet lefs miferable than thoufands furviving, 
 he would conclude, that the happinefs of a whole people muft be 
 of more importance than the ambition of one lubjefl fatisfied by 
 fuch crimes ; and if he will Itill refleft further, that this fcheme 
 during a courie of five years, fupported by the perpetration of'' 
 crimes fhocking to relate, alfifted by armies generally fuperior in 
 number, yet always defeated, has been as yet fruftrated ; confcious 
 cf ihe wickednefs of the defign, he would prefer peace, and hearken to 
 
 reafon- 
 
purftie his plan, he nmft know, that the fame firm meafures which' 
 have already feived to difconcert, will vigoroufly continue to op- 
 pofe it. 
 
 Pleafe, gentlemen, to acquaint Mr. Dupleix, that whatever 
 pieces I receive from him are tranfmitted to my luperiors j and I am 
 perfuaded he will do me the fame juftice in tranfmitdng mine to 
 his, as it will furnifh them with the furelt means to judge of the 
 real Hate of affairs on this coaft. 
 
 I have the honour to be> 
 Gentlemen, 
 Fort St. George, the Your moft obedient humble fervanr, 
 15th Feb. 1754. Thomas Saunders. 
 
 To the honourable Thomas Saunders, Efq; Gozernor of Madrafs. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 We have received the writing in form of a letter, which jou did us 
 the honour to addrefs to us in the time when our lail Europe fhip was 
 on the point of failing. The French interpretation could not be finiih- 
 ed foon enough to fend it by that conveyance. We doubt not but you 
 have fupplied this want, and put it in the power of your fuperiors, to 
 communicate, if they think proper, to ours, this laft writing ; of 
 which we could give them but a flight knowledge. We did all in 
 our power to fulfil what you recommended to us on this point ; we 
 are now going to reply a little more at leifure to the honour you have 
 done us in prolonging our commilfion as deputies of our nation. 
 
 We fliaJl begin, Sir, with confelhng to you, that being at Pondi- 
 chery, we at the utmoft only flattered ourfelves, that you would' 
 honour us with an anfwer on the fubjedl: of our prifoners at Trichi- 
 nopoly, whofe milerable fituation induced us to intercede with yoii 
 for them, before our departure from Sadrafs : it was no longer their 
 h'berty that we demanded, only the prefervation of their lives } and 
 we aded in this, lefs as deputies than as members of the French na- 
 tion. We were therefore doubly furprifed at the reading of your 
 letter ^ firfl:, at your leaving us in the dark about the fuccefs of our 
 requefi:, and then, at your pleafing to continue with us the dif- 
 cullion of what had been treated in the conferences at Sadrafs, 
 With regard to this laft point, we have requefted of our governor 
 to give his confent to our entering on one more aft of our pall dig- 
 nity i and we made him fenfibie of our reafbns ; among which, give 
 us leave to remark to you the defire we have of juftifying ourfelves, 
 in your opinion, Sir, and in the opinion of all that may read your 
 writing, from the reproaches you have there thrown on us. We 
 defire no more than the ftrifteft juflice. 
 
 The firfl: reproach is, to have been ivantitig in refpeSl and re- 
 gnrd towards your commifTaries, in making them wait at Sadrafs, 
 We might complain. Sir, that you put us to this necellity, by not 
 fending us the neQeflary paffports. I'heir delay indeed was lucky 
 
 J> for 
 
. [ 50 ] 
 
 for us ; for if we had received them a fortnight (boner, we ffioakl 
 have run a rilque of meeting with fome misfortmie on the road, 
 v.'hich, as it was, we did not pafs without danger from the quantity 
 of water we yet found. 
 
 If you would pleafe to acknowledge on the fide of the French 
 commifTaries, an equal right to complain of want of regard and re- 
 fpeft, you would find them better founded. This does not point at the 
 perfonal behaviour of your commilTaries, at which we cannot but 
 exprels our fatisfaflion, but at the manner in which they were obliged 
 to aft with us. When we produced our titles, the very next day 
 after our arrival, the 22d of January, although you are plealed to 
 fay it was not till after a fortnight ; they anfwered us, that they 
 were not fent to treat upon titles, but to propofe to us the prelimi- 
 nary you had preicribed as the bafis of the whole negociation. This 
 was to acknowledge Mahomed Allee, &c. Forced, however, by 
 the (entiments of natural jullice, they could not refufe to promife 
 us, that they would immediately get his titles fent from Madrafs. 
 They wrote accordingly, and received for anlwer, that they were 
 at Trichinopoly. We again demanded that they fliould be fent 
 for J and while we were waiting for them, you recalled your com- 
 niiffaries, who declared to us the end of the conferences the 4th Fe- 
 bruary, and adually fet out the 6th. 
 
 Notwithftanding all this. Sir, you found a fecond reproach to 
 make us, on t/re impatknce ixihich hindered us ^uniting arty longer 
 for the arri'val of thofe titles. Where were we to wait for 
 them .'' and how long } Vouchfafe to confider, that your depu- 
 ties fet out from Sadrafs two days before us; for we did not begin 
 our journey till the 8th in the morning j and that you tell us \n 
 your laft letter, that the titles in queftion are yet on the road from 
 Trichinopoly ; you invite us neverthelefs beforehand to come to 
 Madrals to fee them. We cannot guefs how much it may take 
 more for their arrival there : befides, what would be the effect ? 
 Judgment may be formed from what has already paffed, and from 
 the refletlions which we have already fufficierrtly made on thele 
 titles, fuppofing even that you could actually produce them. Among 
 thefe titles you fpeak of fome, which, though of an old date, are 
 neverthelefs now mentioned for the hrlt time. Such is the Mogul'a 
 Phirmaund in favour of Mahomed Allee. We ihall fee hereafter 
 how you feek to contrive fome probability for iritroducing this piece, 
 which becomes neceffary in order to oppofe to the Phirmaund of that 
 Emperor in favour of the marquis Dupleix. 
 
 You tax us in the third place \'iixh. precipitation and lightnefs, iff 
 helie-Tjing and ad'vancing as atiefled fa8s fuch as toe cannot knotu 
 nxjith any certainty. The utmoft of our defire is however, Sir, 
 that they will be pleafed in Europe to pay regard, both in your 
 writings and in ours, to fuch parts only as are fupported with proofs. 
 But to fee if your reproach be well founded, let us take by way of 
 example the very fad on which you attack us, and of which you 
 
 arc 
 
[51] 
 
 are fpecially concerned to fhew the falfity, as well as our precipita> 
 tion in giving belief to it. 
 
 This is the promife of Trichinopolv, made by Mahomed Allee 
 to the Maiiroreans, and guaranteed by the Englifh : we founded, 
 and do found our belief of the firft part on two authentick aQs 
 made by Mahomed Allee, and confirmed by oath. The fecond, 
 which regards you, is clearly exprefTed in the letters of MefTrs. 
 Gingen, Cope, and yourfelf, Sir ; thofe of the two former are ad- 
 dreffed to Nanderauze, one of the minifters of the P»aj?., aind yours 
 to him'df 
 
 Is it believing lightly after fuch evidences? We know now that 
 you pretend neiier to have ivrote ftich a thing either to the Raja or 
 his minijlers. Let us fee then whether the arguments you produce 
 to perfuade us of this, ought to work in us z change of that fentimenc 
 which the letter abovementioned had very jullly given us. 
 
 In the firft place, the Maifjore en^joy who is with you, is con- 
 I'inced, you fay. Sir, that you nelter took part in the engagement 
 in quejlion ; but his mafter, better acquainted with his own affairs, 
 advances the contrary. He has put into our hands the pieces which 
 juftify his aflertion ; he empowered us to profecute it, and to this 
 end fent one of his envoys with us when we went to Sadrafs, 
 Which of thele two authorities Ihould prevail.'' 
 
 In the fecond place, yoii fend us a copy of a letter which may., 
 add you, ha^ve fame reference to "what i':e helie^je^ and the contents 
 of tuhich deceived us. It is in reality very much like that which 
 we produced. There is no difference, according to the tranflation 
 We have got of it, except that the article, importing your engage- 
 ment, is left out, and a phrafe, with which we have no reafon to 
 be pleafed, totally changed. What would you have us think of this 
 difference? On one fide, you tell us that it is regiftered at Madrafs* 
 the fame as you communicate it, and it would look ill in us not to 
 believe you : on the other fide, it is in the hands of the Raja, fuch 
 as we produce it. The conformity between the two fhev/s that the 
 draft produced by the Raja is not a made piece : the want of 
 erazements and interlineations, which would appear in this draft, 
 if the Raja had altered it, convinces us that he has not attempted it. 
 This is tiie riddle, of which we leave the Unravelling to different 
 people from us, and proceed to your third argtiment j it is drawn 
 from one of your letters to Chundah Saib, the which you would 
 infinuate we omitted with defign, although we mentioned it, and 
 communicated it at the fame time with that v.-hrch makes the prefent 
 queftion. The advantage you propofe to draw from this letter, 
 turns on the mention you there make of the engagement of Trichi- 
 nopoly to the Englilh, before that which was made to the Maiffore- 
 ans, as if the firll deniorfftrated the impolfibility of the fecond. 
 The marquis Dupleix has already fhewed you, Sir, in his letter of 
 the iSth February, 1752, that the engagement made to the Englifli 
 could not be brought {q far back as the Epoch, you alfign it ; but 
 
 D 2 f'-ippoiing 
 
[ 52 ] 
 
 fuppofing the (a.&. to be as yon fay yourlelf j might not the neceflltf 
 of affairs, v.hich induced Mahomed Allee to make a (econd en-; 
 gagenicnt, have led him likewile to confirm it by facrificing the iirft 
 to the want and the defire you had of fixing the Mailforeans i» 
 your party ? We dare not take upon as to fay, as thefe people ad- 
 vance, that is, that your real defign was not to abandon your views 
 on Trichinopoly, even when you gave them your promife ; and 
 they jurtity their affertion by the condudft you have obferved to- 
 wards them. 
 
 For us, we Ihall be content with reprefenting to you, that, by 
 your own confetlion, you cannot produce the engagement you pre- 
 tend to have been made to you, as a reafon proper to prove, that 
 you took no part in that which was made to the IVIaifforeans. Yoa 
 add. Sir, ahnoft inllandy, in your letter, that being become a 
 mediator between Mahomed Allee, and Nandi Raja, the Maiflbre 
 imm'A.tr, you a^I-vifed the ^uackeely or envoy, of the Raja to obtain ft 
 Janed from Salabatzing. How is it poilible you iliould have given 
 hiiii fach advice to fecure Trichinopoly to him, if you had rights 
 upon it ; had you forgot thefe rights in making an advance fo corf- 
 trary to them r At lealt, it appears that in writing this laft article, you 
 was crouded with fo many objefts, that they made you forget what 
 you had laid to us a little before. You was in a hurry to produce this 
 envoy again, to infinuate through his means, and in his name, many 
 things eiiential to your caufe, which you would wilh to be true, or 
 at leaft to be believed in Europe. Such are the uncertainty of the 
 authority of Salabatzing, the invalidity of the rights of Chundah 
 Saib, the nobility of Mahomed Allee, a ferpaiv gmen to him by 
 Nazir zing for the go^'ernment of the Carnateck. This inveftiture 
 confirmed by the Mogul, and by a letter from Gauzedey Cawn, if 
 this envoy had read your own thoughts, Sir, he could not have 
 better collefled, under one point of view, all the different articles 
 which you have at heart to confirm, among which the Phirmaund 
 of the Mogul, in favour of Mahomed Allee, does not hold the laft 
 rank j for the reft, he does not talk like a man of this country, in 
 afcribing fo much honour to Mahomed Allee, for his having re- 
 ceived a ferpaw from Nazirzing, and in declaring him by this token 
 governor of the Carnateck. The Moors and Indians all know 
 that a lerpaw, which commonly is only a prefent of fome cloth, is 
 not a dillinction to build fo much on, and much lefs a proof of an 
 employ given. Perhaps this envoy fpoke with a defign to fupport 
 only on conjedure, a point which he knew not to be true : he 
 fliould have ufed the fame circumfpedion in mentioning the Mogut 
 and Gauzedey Cawn. Before we leave this envoy, give us leave 
 to remark of how much weight can be all that he has wrote, and 
 all that he fays. The letter which you quote of his. Sir, refers 
 plainly to the time when the Mailforeans, leagued with you, had 
 the fame interefts, and declaimed in the fame tone againft Salabat- 
 aing, againll Chundah Saib, and againft us, in iavour of Mahomed 
 
 Ailee i 
 
[ 53 1 
 
 Allee; and as to what this envoy may fay at prefent, if you haves 
 mind to knov/ his true fentinients, give him leave to explain him- 
 felf at twenty leagues ditlance from Madrafs j he will tell you, he 
 was fent by the minifter Nandi Raja, to engage you to perform thofe 
 vtry promifes, which you deny upon his own evidence. We have 
 been affured from good hands, that you have detained him againfk 
 his inclinations: certain people, v/ho would be prying into all myfte- 
 ries, pretend that you doit with a defign to make it be believed in 
 Europe, that the Maiiforeans are not far from returning to your 
 party, fmce they keep an envoy with you. But without detaining 
 ourfelves on thefe kinds of politicks, we continue our juftifica- 
 fion. 
 
 The firft reproach which prefents Itfelf, after thofe which we 
 have already refuted, is that of an excefl-ve "vanity, <which blinded 
 Hs to that degree, as to make us demand the mojl imprudently in the 
 ■nx'orld, that our titles Jhould be examined. Others than you. Sir, 
 will fee in our proceeding a ditference quite oppofite to vanity j 
 and thofe that ihall read what was wrote on one tide and the other 
 on this fubjeft by the deputies of the two nations, v/ill remark, that in 
 your letter you put in your own drefs what palTed in the conferences, 
 t-o take an advantage which the truths of the fafts, which Vv'e fup- 
 pofe )ou have not had leifure to examine, would not give you. It 
 will be feen in the authentick writings, which we refer to, that 
 we only refufed to give copies of our pieces till you had produced 
 yours ; and there alfo will appear the very well grounded reafons 
 vt^e had to adl in that manner. If you have a mind to know what 
 was our defign in advancing, that your conmiilfaries had orders to 
 difpute our rights, it was only to defcribe what had palfed in our 
 conferences, when, after the account that was given you of the 
 firft communication of our pieces, you fent initead of titles, 
 which we had been made to expert, interpreters to examine ours 
 afrefli. Our pieces were fo entrulled to them, that they were 
 jaking copies in a feparate chamber from that which we were in. It 
 was upon certain words of your commiifaries, thro' which v/e faw, 
 that fome fecret piece of bufinefs was preparing at Trichinopoly ; and 
 upon the declaration which was repeated to us of the necelfity of ac- 
 knowledging Mahomed Allee, previoufly to every thing, that one 
 of us went and withdrew as well the pieces as the copies, by this 
 time almoft finilhed, faying, that we would again produce all of 
 them, and even the originals (for we had brought only attefted 
 copies) as foon as you Ihould have in readinefs thofe you ought to 
 communicate, and have it in your power to produce them. For 
 the reft, your interpreters did not fay a word againll our pieces.^ 
 and if we may affume a right of afferting any thing without proof, 
 we could pronounce with truth, that they found them irreproach- 
 able. Your coinmiftaries amuied us to the erjd of the conferences 
 in the chicanery, which may be feen in their writings, and of which 
 we leave the judgment to thofe to v/hom it Ihall belong. 
 
 D 3 You 
 
. [ 54 "J 
 Yo:a had your reafons, Sir, fqr adding to all the other reproaches 
 already pointed out, that of our ignorance of the fads; but you are 
 not more lucky in the choice of the example by which you would 
 convince us. It is on the fubjett of one of your letters to Chundah 
 Saib, which we quoted to fhew that you talked to him ftill as a 
 ifriend, when he was on his way to Trichinopoly. This letter is of 
 the month of Auguft, 1751 ; it is mentioned in that of the marquis 
 Dupleix of the i8th February, 1752, upon this your anfwer, to 
 move our ignorance, that hy the date of jour letter it muft haie 
 been -wrote abo've a year after you had joined Mahotned Allee. Does 
 this prove that it was not of the time we referred to it ? No, af- 
 furedlyj nay, admitif you choofeit, that it was even later than we 
 niake it, it will only be a ftronger proof of what we advanced, as it 
 will make it appear, that you kept up ftill longer with Chundah Saib 
 the appearances of friendfliip, true or falfe ; let our ignorance reft. 
 Sir, on that, we place the declarations of friendlhip you made 
 to Chundah Saib; in a time when yop had already joined his 
 enemy a whole year j this laft circuniftance does not render our 
 flfiertion falfe : and if your conduft gives the lie to your letter, 
 the contradidion falls rather on you than on us. It carries in- 
 deed an accufation of quite a differenc nature from ignorance, 
 which you impute to us. 
 
 It is however after this fo lucky an imputation, that you 
 think you have a right to overiec with one fingle word what 
 \ve had advanced upon the jufteft grounds, and to advance on 
 your part, what is contradiiSted by a crowd of witnelfes. How- 
 can you fay. Sir, that Chunda Saib never was ackowledged (at 
 leaft you add by any one of authority) and that he vvas obliged 
 on his leaving Pondichery, to be^ege the ftrong places of the 
 Province. Name one fingle fiege that he made, except that ot 
 Chetteput, a place that had for maiiy years belonged to his per- 
 fonal enemy, and which even he only invefted to make him pay the 
 money he owed to the Circar : he had then tn his camp and 
 in his attendance the greateft part of the lords of the country. 
 We aflert what we faw, and what we could get attefted by 
 thoufands of witnefTes, if it was neceflary : but you know very 
 •well yourfelf, that if the whole country had not been in fub- 
 luiilion and peaceable, Chunda Saib would never have entered 
 upon the fiege of Trichinopoly, wherein, notwithltanding all your 
 aflurancesof friendftiip, he could never doubt but you would op- 
 pofe him. The truth of this is, that little do you concern your- 
 felf how much the invalidity of what you alledge appears here, 
 provided the fame evidence cannot be given in Europe. 
 
 You are contented with replying on the faft of Hodgee Ad- 
 dee, from which it appears plainly, that the Englilh themfelves 
 did acknowledge Chunda Saib, that ivhat lue knoto of this af- 
 fair may be called in quejiion, and is beyond your knoiuledg^. 
 Only a few lines after this anfwer you conclude, that in all our 
 
 pieces 
 
[ 55 ] 
 
 pieces there is mt one true faS, or one that has not heen re- 
 futed. " You are in ihe right, Sir, if the method of refuting which 
 we have been jull obferving appears to you lufficient, of which 
 the very refpeft v/e have for you mull make us doubt. It is 
 however found convenient for the avoiding all perplexities ; it 
 would have been a great one in the plan of the hiftory you 
 propofed to exhibit, if in the courfe of it you had found Chunda 
 Saib acknowledged and peaceable poffeffor, in tracing the rile 
 that you would allign to the prefent war. You ftrive your 
 utnioft to prove that the French begun it, and to that end 
 you advance, that before this the French had a quarrel with 
 Anaverdey Cawn, which has been demonftrated to you to have 
 been totally finilhed before the beginning of that now in queftion. 
 But Mahomed Allee, you will lay, is Ion of Anaverdey Cav/n, 
 difpolTefled by Chunda Saib, and we only fupport his rights, 
 which Chunda Saib had ufurped. What, Sir, are the rights 
 of Mahomed Allee derived from his father in a moveable go- 
 vernment i Did Mahomed Alice himfelf pretend to have any til! 
 you forced him to fuppofe fo ? Was not all fettled with him 
 as he deli red it, till you led him to revolt ? This is not found- 
 ed on funple allegations, the proofs exift and have often beea 
 fiiewn you. 
 
 In vain do you endeavour to make but one of thefe tv/o dif- 
 ferent wars ; you will find no connettion between them bat 
 iuch as two fucceeding events muft neceflarily have : the efforts 
 you make to ellablilh another, to jurtify you in the war you are now 
 making, proves clearly that this laft gives you no pretext to act in 
 a manner as if the French did appear to be the authors. 
 
 The detail you have taken the trouble to go tlirough, of 
 what has palfed ilnce the Epocha, you have chole to fix, would 
 furnifli us with a fair field to take our revenge for the reproach 
 you fo frequently make us on the fubjeft of facis ; but it is 
 with regret we fee ourfelves in a lituation to conteft on fuch a 
 matter with the chief of a nation, and efpecially of yours ; and 
 we Aall difpenle with it as far as polhble : we can do it on 
 this occafion, without appearing to abandon either the interell 
 of out nation or of the truth. The marquis Dupleix addrefTed 
 to you, Sir, two years ago a recital of thefe fame events, to 
 which you have not yet given any anfwer. We refer to the 
 memorial of the i&th February 1752, all fuch as would attain 
 * a true knowledge of the alt'airs in queftion. The difference they 
 will find between your narrative and that which we fpeak 
 of, is that the marquis Dupleix does not fupport what he ad- 
 vances on his lole authority, but that to every fatt he annexes 
 the proof 
 
 W e refer it in the fame manner to the pieces and men)o- 
 rials of the marquis Dupleix, for the information of thole who 
 are to judge ot the grievances ot the tv/o nations, and which you 
 
 D 4 difplay 
 
[56 ] 
 
 dlfplay fo pompoufly to the advantage of yours ; we do not deny 
 that they will have reafon to be furprifed in Europe at what has 
 pail'ed in India between Europeans, whofe fovereigns and the 
 )3odies of the nations are in peace ; but the point is to fee on 
 which fide the blame lliould fall. You complain bitterly that 
 our governor declared to you that your flag fhould no longer be 
 k fecurity to you : fuch an article merited that you Ihould have 
 quoted the letter ; and you will give us leave, at leaft to doubt, 
 from the ftrong reafons that we have to believe he never did 
 write to you in this tone. He might however in fome degree 
 have been hipported in it: Had he not a right to make re- 
 prifals after you had infulted and torn down the French flag 
 from the places where it was planted, and demoliflied Covelong 
 after a pofleliion of two years and a half j but the French went 
 to St. Thome; fuppofing that true, does St. Thome belong to 
 you .'' But the country houfes of the Englifn were burnt ! their 
 lurniture carried off, fome of which was brought to Pondichery ! 
 It was in a Moor's country, tl«it the Moors, lawfully enraged, 
 made thefe expeditions, although fome French might have been 
 found in the croud at a time when the body of the French de- 
 tachment refufed to follow Rajah Saib on thefe kinds of expe- 
 ditions, what would there be furprifmg in it .'' V\'ithout com- 
 iriending thofe whom it' may concern, we may venture to lav, 
 that their fault will be nothing to compare to that of your 
 people, who carried fire even into our limits. But the governor of 
 Pondichery flopped fome Englifh troops paiTmg through the road 
 of that town : was he to blanse, fmce thefe troops were going 
 to the camp of Mahomed Allee ? that againft all reafon you 
 keep our people prlfoners at Cuddalore ; and that he had rea- 
 fon to believe you would embark them to fend them out of 
 the country. 
 
 We do not, Sir, but the lift of your grievances is well fuf- 
 riflied to repiv to all thofe that can be oppoied to you : there 
 remains to make the comparifon and verification. This lall point 
 will be often embarraliing ; but a fuie rule to judge of the 
 excefs of the two nations would be this, let it be leen on which 
 fide appears nioft animofity. The fame fpirit which has guided 
 the fword and the fire to ad, guides alfo the pen to write. It 
 niav be feen in the writings of the two chiefs on which fide 
 harih exprelfions, the I'evereft reproaches, and the moft oflenfive 
 inveftives reign principally. We Ihall not think of anfwering thofe 
 ■which your lall letter is filled with againll our governor; if on 
 one fide we are touched with them, on the other we cannot be 
 led to offend the leaft in the world agamlt that refped which 
 we are willing always to fhew to your poll. The marquis Du- 
 pleix cannot but approve a modefty of which we find the mo- 
 del in his writings ; we fee, in them that you reproach him con- 
 tinually with the blackeji of conduit, ajjajjinationiy poifmhigs, ibme 
 
 ■ of 
 
[ 57 ] 
 
 of which too have no foundation but fables which you have 
 adopted, and which we never before heard of j fuch is that 
 which concerns the mother of Salabatzing : you ftrive to make 
 him appear as the author or the accomplice of all thefe crimes. 
 Nothing more however is requifite for his full juftification but 
 to read your own narrative. On his fide, he never fpeaks to 
 you of the death of Chunda Saib, but on thofe occafions where 
 yourfelves oblige him to it, and then in the concifefl manner, 
 although nothing fo fhocking has pafled, nor that can with more 
 grounds be imputed to Europeans. It feems to us, Sir, (give U3 
 leave to tell you fo) that it would better become the chief of 
 a nation, fuch as you are, to let this crime reft with thofe that 
 did it, than to juftify it by giving room to believe that the 
 whole nation approve it. You have endeavoured to difguife 
 the affair by feveral means ; at laft you agree that Chunda Saib 
 was executed as a criminal ; fo far is certain, that his head was 
 cut off at the breaking up of a council, at which the chief of 
 your army affifted ; it is faid that even this council was held 
 in his tent. It is therefore of the Englifh that it might be de- 
 manded with much more juftice, than of us ; whence derive 
 their right to judge, and to put to death in an infamous manner 
 Nabobs and governors } For all that you fay. Sir, againft Chunda 
 Saib and his titles, does not difprove him to have been legi- 
 timate governor of the Carnateck. Vouchfafe not to be of- 
 fended at this word, and to fupport for a moment our temerity, 
 until it Ihall be dilfipated by our juftification. We have but one 
 very plain queftion to afk you ; Was not Salabatzing the mafter 
 of Deckan, when Chunda Saib was put to death .'' and had not 
 this laft a faned from Salabatzing ^ You was not ignorant of it, 
 and when we produced afrelh this faned at the conferences, no 
 pbjeftion was made to it. All that you fay as yet againft it 
 yourfelf, amounts to no more than empty declamations againft all 
 our pieces in general ; nothing decifive on this fubjeS, only 
 that one is without date, and that two draughts of another are 
 fealed with two different feals. We have futficiently replied to 
 thele two chicaneries, neither of which has any reference to 
 the faned Chunda Saib was invefted with. You will here pro- 
 duce Gauzedey Cawn, as having annulled the faned of Chunda 
 Saib by that which he granted to Mahomed Allee. Shew us 
 then this, Sir, for we deny it ; and further, to fatisfy you that 
 we do not deny after your method, we will prove to you that 
 we have authority for denying it, and this by a letter from 
 Gauzedey Cawn himfelf to Chunda Saib. We fpoke of this 
 to your commiffaries, and they may recolledl it. 
 
 Suppofe even there was a faned of Gauzedey Cawn in favour 
 of Mahomed Allee ; when Salabatzing became without the leaft 
 doubt fole mafter, had not he a right to revoke it } If he did 
 <iot do it exprefsly, it is becaufe fuch a faned never appeared ; 
 
 but 
 
[ 58 1 
 but he wrote to you exprefsly that Mahomed Alice was a re- 
 bel, and that he forbid you aliilling him : this is proved by the 
 very letter of Salabatzing. After this can one conceive how a 
 roan like you can perfilt obllinately in faying that Mahomed 
 Alice is legitimate niafter of the Carnateck : ftill lefs can one 
 conceive how you can hope to fupply his want of right by 
 inveighing again ft thofe that fay he has none ; it is never thelefs 
 the method you adopt, and obferve whither it leads you, to the 
 difputing Salabatzing his authority, or the inventing to evade it, 
 the vaineft fubtleties ; to the relufing to acknowledge thofe that 
 he has named for the government of the country, and to the 
 denying or making a ihew of ignorance of their titles, even after 
 they have been notified to you ; at the fame time that you have 
 laid in another place, that you acted oniv by the orders of Sala- 
 batzing, in your letter to the marquis Dupleix, dated 21ft Sept. 
 1753 ; and in your letter of the 18th October following, you 
 admit of his right to fubftitute whom he fhould think proper 
 to the government of the provinces in his fubjeclion ; and in 
 that of the 1 8th December following, you fay that the prince of 
 Deckan, from whom you received letters to afiill Mahomed 
 Allee, would rejoice to the refufing to hearken to any condi- 
 tions of peace, unlefs they are begun by fubmitting to Mahomed 
 Alice in acknowledging invifibie titles and chimerical rights : to 
 the eltabliihing on fo flight a foundation, the advantages you 
 vrouid procure for your nation when it depends only on your- 
 feif to procure very foiid ones. We offered you fome, which 
 do not deterve the contempt you hold tliem in ; but it is plain 
 to be feen by the manner in which you. reject them, that there 
 are none you would accept from any other hand but Mahomed 
 Alice's, of whom you ha\e made your idol, but an idol of 
 the country faihion, which has no other movement but that 
 which you give it. 
 
 If you are offered the independency and immunity of tribute 
 for the town of Madrafs (which is an ineftimable advantage) 
 you pretend that you have it already ; for in denying the ac- 
 knowledgment in quefrion, you cannot, Sir, niean with regard to 
 former times, when we knew very affuredly that it did e.xill : 
 you have the proof in your books, and we in the demand that 
 was made of it by the father of Mahomed Allee himlelf to the 
 marquis Dupleix j it is therefore with regard to the prefent time 
 by virtue of fome conceffion -, but from whom .'' it can be from 
 no one but Mahomed Allee. If you are offered large fums on 
 the footing of reimburfing your expences in the war, it is a 
 fnare, you fay, to difengage you fro. a iMahomed Allee ; and you 
 take the opportunity ot beftowing the blackeit epithets on the 
 marquis Dupieix. if you are offered territories, you reply the 
 grants are already given you. 
 
 We 
 
[ 59 ] 
 
 We know very pofitively that they were not by Nazlrzing; 
 this then is again by Mahomed Allee. It muft indeed be con- 
 fefled that thefe advantages otFered on our part do not come 
 near what you propofe to yourfelves, and of which you leave 
 no longer the leaft doubt. Tou gi've us to underjland that 
 Trichinopoly is in your hands as a mortgage and fecurity^ and 
 that you hanje a contrad in good form. The firft form and 
 moft elTential fliould be, that he who made it, has a right to 
 what he difpofes of, and this condition he moft certainly fails 
 in J but this is no difficulty with you j you have got pofleffion, 
 and you propofe to keep it. As to the Arcot country, you con- 
 tent yourfelf with poflefling a few Jageers there, in order that 
 the French may pretend to no more ; becaufe your juftice in- 
 clines you to eftabliih equality between the two nations. For 
 all the reft of the country, you are fatisfied with being mafters 
 of it under the name of Mahomed Allee : it is for this you 
 choofe that this country fhould remain to him, and that every 
 other perfon be incapable of poflelfing it. Mootis Allee Cawn 
 of Velour, with whom you acknowledge to live in good intelli- 
 gence, even ftnce Salabatzing fent him the (aned which was com- 
 municated to you, cannot get your confent, becaufe he is not 
 Mahomed Allee. Salabatzing himfelf cannot name any other ; 
 becaufe his choice cannot be deemed free, if it falls on any 
 other but Mahomed Allee ; in fuch a cafe the right devolves 
 on yourfelf to appoint this laft. We offered this lame Maho- 
 med Allee a confiderable eftabliftiment out of the Arcot coun- 
 try ; the propofal is intolerable, it is treating a prince like a pri- 
 vate perfon. This pretended prince was contented heretofore, 
 but you are not fatisfied. What is the meaning of all that. 
 Sir } It is eafy to divine ; this is the method by which you feek 
 to eftabliih equality between the two nations, by remaining in 
 pofTeflion of a confiderable kingdom, proteftors of Mahomed Allee 
 in all the reft of the Carnateck, and making a particular diftri- 
 bution of a few Jageers to ferve as a meafure of the liberality 
 Mahomed Allee is to fliew the French. See there the end of 
 thefe propofals, fo full of reafon and juftice, fo conformable to 
 the laws of the country, and which we cannot rejeft, according 
 to you; without declaring ourfelves unreafonable, and fomething 
 worfe. The commerce, you zdd, Jhall be free to the French, juH. 
 the fame as to the Englifh, although we may well be perfuaded 
 that Mahomed Allee, out of gratitude and friem^Jhip, luould di~ 
 Jiinguifh the Englifh in his fa^jours. However this preference 
 need not alarm us ; the liberty of commerce in the Arcot country 
 fijall be guaranteed by the chief of the Marattas, the king of Tan~ 
 jore, the Myforeans, (s'c. What again does this mean, Sir, and what 
 can the prefent and the future lords of Deckan think of it ? What ! 
 Shall a country of their dependence be fubjedit to be guaranteed 
 by the powers you have named.'' What! thefe powers which 
 
 are 
 
[ 6o j 
 
 are tributary to them (hall oppofe the alterations they may th'nk 
 proper to make in this province ; and it is in this manner that 
 you would make it appear that you fupport only the fundamental 
 Laws of the Mogul Empire, while the very idea overthrows 
 them utterly. This pretended guaranty which cannot take place, 
 and which is little known to the Afiaticks, prefents an idea quite 
 different from that which you would lend it for the commerce 
 of the Arcot country : we fee the end of it, it is the maintain- 
 ing Mahomed Allee and his defcendants in the government of 
 this province, in fpite of the lords of Deckan, and of the em- 
 peror himfelf ; it is the continuance of a war, the duration of 
 which has already been too long ; it is the ruin of Myfore 
 and Tanjour, which will be the confequence of the necelhty this 
 guaranty will put the mafters of Deckan to, in order to reduce 
 thefe tributaries into thejull bounds they ought to obferve with 
 regard to them : this is all that can be hoped from a guaranty 
 as chimerical as it is oppofite and injurious to the Mogul go- 
 vernment. We do not alii you what means you would piulue 
 to engage thefe powers in this imaginary guaranty. We do not 
 carry our curiofity fo far ; but fuppofing it had no other ob- 
 jedion but the commerce, which afturedly is not the cafe, we 
 beg you will permit us to offer the following refledtions. If 
 ■we fliould meet with any moleffation, any infult, or any in- 
 juftice, our refource m ill be to arm all the people abovementioned, 
 to make a league like that, which by many contrivances you 
 at length formed againft us, and to begin a war vvorfe than 
 this, provided our guarantees will confent to it. If a private 
 Frenchman Ihould fuft'er the lofs of a thoufand pagodas the na- 
 tion fliall give lacks to Morarow to engage him to come and 
 ravage the whole country, and get juftice done to the perfon agr 
 grieved. // is thus that the EngliJJj do not feek any ad'uan- 
 tage for thevifel'ves alone, and propofe to hold all in common 
 •with the French. 
 
 In comparing, Sir, your propofais with ours, three very juft: 
 conclufions fhould be drawn, with which we fliall finilh this 
 letter. 
 
 The firft conclufion, is, that very nmch is wanting to your 
 defiring a parity of treatment for the two nations, and to your 
 having taken, for the rule of your pretenfions, and your propofais, 
 an equality of juffice. Parity of treatment would be, that no 
 more favour be fliewn to one nation than the other ; you are 
 willing however, by your own confelllon, to have as much as 
 the French (and even infinitely more, as you fliew without ac- 
 knowledging it) while for this the French are obliged to ftrip 
 themfelves by the rights they have ; and to inveft you with 
 thofe you have not. Equality of juftice demands that every 
 one receive according to his rights. Thofe of the French are 
 
 real 
 
[ 6i J 
 
 real and well founded, and your refufal to acknowledge them 
 cannot weaken them, no more than your protellations annul 
 them. 
 
 The fecond conclufion will be, that you have without the 
 leafl title, an ambition more real and more unmeafurable, than 
 that which you feek to infer from the titles of the marquis Du- 
 pleix. You exclaim for that the lawful mafters of Deckan have 
 alTociated him, to do him honour in the government of their 
 country, as if he afplred to nothing lefs than the ufurping the 
 whole. What exercife, or what ufe has he hitherto made of 
 this authority ? Shew it us, and juftify by fome lawful inftance, 
 the dread you feign. He will not conient that you give for 
 fnarter of the Carnateck a man who is enflaved to you, who is 
 a rebel againll Salabatzing, to whom he is accountable, as 
 well as to us, for the blood of Chundah Saib. See here the 
 fobjett of your cries againft him j the mafters of the coun- 
 try have given him expiefsly the province of Arcot with that 
 of Trichinopoly. He fees with plealure the government of 
 the firft in the hands of him whom Salabatzing has chofen to 
 govern it, and he is endeavouring to procure, by lawful means^ 
 the fecond for the MailToreans, to whom you promifed it, and 
 whom you difappointed. Would you in his place have afled 
 like him .'' It is very evident not, by your endeavouring to ufurpi 
 the kingdom of Trichinopoly on a tide as groundlefs as the 
 celfion of a man who has no manner of right to it, and who 
 never can have that of alienating it. Let the country recover Its 
 tranquility, and the marquis Dupleix will aftonifh, by frelh ftrokes 
 of difintereftednefs and moderation, thofe that have not fo much 
 as he. 
 
 The third conclufion fhould be, that you are very far from 
 wifhing for peace as he does. He has endeavoured at it quite 
 in a different manner from you, whether you confider his con- 
 dudl or his offers. The affeftation, which may be called Im- 
 moderate, wherewith you ftrive to lay the rupture of the con- 
 ferences he propofed to you at his door, fhews plainly that 
 you only endeavoured to fave appearances, and to turn them 
 againfl him, If the thing were poflible. 
 
 Excufe, Sir, the length of this letter ; one word advanced 
 without proof requires often many refiedions to refute It ; we 
 fhould have many others, but the equivalent will be found ir» 
 former writings. If any thing fhould difpleafe you, Sir, In what 
 we have been expofing to you for our juftlfication, we beg 
 you will attiibute it only to the neceflity we were drove to, 
 both by the end we were feeking and the matter we were 
 treatmg. 
 
 The marquis Dupleix laughed when we requeued of him on 
 jfour part, Sir, that he would not forget to tranlmit your let- 
 ters. 
 
[_ 62 ] 
 ters to his fupeiiors. He is not, fays he, the perfon that 
 wilhes the leaii to give them a knowledge of pieces fo favour- 
 able to his caufe. 
 
 We have the honour to be, with profound refpeft, 
 Sir, 
 Pondichery, the yth Your moft obedient and humble Servants, 
 
 March, 1755- Fr. L. Lavaur 
 
 Bausett. 
 De Kerjean- 
 
 PRIDEAUX's Account of the H E G I R A. 
 
 FROM the flight of Mahomet, the Heglra, which is the JE.XA 
 of the Mahometans, begins its computation. It was hrft ap- 
 jpointed by Omar, the Third Emperor of the Saracens, on thisocca- 
 non. There happened a conteft before him about a debt of money : 
 the Creditor had from his Debtor a bill, wherein he acknowledged 
 the debt, and obliged himfelf to pay it on fuch a day of fuch a month. 
 The day and the month being pafs'd, the Creditor fues his Debtor 
 before Omar for the money. The Debtor acknowledged the debt, 
 but denied the day of payment to be yet come, alledging the month 
 in the bill mentioned, to be that month in the year next enfuing ; 
 but the Creditor contended that it was that month in the year laft 
 paft ; and for want of a date to the bill, it being impolfible to decide 
 this controverfy, Omar called his council together, to confider of a 
 method how to prevent this difficulty for the future ; where it was 
 decreed, that all bills and other inftruments fhouid ever after have 
 inferted into them the date both of the day, of the month, and alfo 
 of the year, in which they were figned. And as to the Year, he 
 having confulted with Harmuzan, a learned Perfian then with him, 
 by his advice, ordained all computations to be made for the future 
 from the flight of Mahomet from Mecca to Medina. And for this 
 reafon, this .^ra was called the Hegira, which in the Arabick Lan- 
 guage fignifieth a Flight. It takes its beginning from the fixteenth 
 day of July, in the year of our Lord fix hundred twenty and two. 
 And ever fmce this decree of Omar (which happened in the eigh- 
 teenth year of it) it hath conftantly been ufed among the Mahome- 
 tans, in the (a.me manner as the computation from the incarnation of 
 our Lord Chrift is with us Chriftians. The day that Mahomet left 
 Mecca, was on the firft of the Former Rabia, and he came to Me- 
 dina on the twelfth of the fame month. But the Hegira begins two 
 months before, from the firft of Moharram. For that being the 
 firft month of the Arabian Year, Omar would make no alteration 
 
[ 63 ] 
 
 as to that, but anticipated the computation fifty- nine days, that he 
 might begin his ,/Era from the beginning of that year In which this 
 Flight of the Impoftor happened, which gave name thereto. Till 
 the appointing of this ^ra, it was ufual with the Arabians to com- 
 pute from the laft great war they were engaged in. 
 
 The Hegira being that, which all of the Mahometan Religion 
 have, ever fmce the conftitution of Omar, computed by ; the fubjedi 
 matter of the Hiftory which I now write obligeth ine henceforth 
 to make ufe of this .^ra through the remaining part of it. But 
 becaufe it computeth by Lunar Years only, and not by Solar, it 
 is requifite that I here inform the reader of the nature of thofe 
 years, and the manner how the Hegira computeth by them. An- 
 ciently the Arabs, although they always ufed Lunar Years, yet by 
 intercalating feven months in nineteen years, in the manner as do the 
 Jews, reduced them to Solar Years ; and confequenily had their 
 months always fixed to the fame feafon of the year. But this growing 
 cut of u(e about the time of Mahomet, their year hath ever 
 fince been ftriiStly Lunar, confiding of only three hundred fifty- 
 four days, eight hours, and forty-eight minutes, which odd hours 
 and minutes in thirty years making eleven days exattiy, they inter- 
 calate a day on the zd, 5th, 7th, icth, 13th, 15th, i8th, zift, 
 2j.th, 26th, and 29th years of this Period. So that their year, in 
 thofe years of this period, confifl:s of three hundred fifty-five days, 
 by reafon of the intercalated day, which they then add to the laft: 
 month of the year. And this year all that profefs the Mahometan 
 Religion have ever made ufe of; and there is a paffage in the Al- 
 coran whereby they are confined to it. For the Impofi:or there 
 calls it Impiety to prolong the Year, that is, by adding an In- 
 tercalary month thereto. So that according to this account, the 
 Mahometan Year falling eleven days Ihort of the Solar ; it 
 hence comes to pafs, that the beginning of the year of the Hegira 
 is unfixed and ambulatory (the next year always beginning eleven 
 days fooner than the former) and therefore fometimes it happens in 
 Summer, fometimes in Spring, fometimes in Winter, and fome- 
 times in Autumn ; and in thirty and three yeirs compafs goes 
 through all the different feafons of the year, and comes about a^ain 
 to the fame lime of the Solar Year, although not exactly to the 
 fame day. Which being like to create fome contufion to us wha 
 are ufed to the Solar Year ; to prevent this, after the year of the 
 Hegira, in the margin I add the day of the month in the year of 
 our Lord in which it begins. The months of the Arab Year are as 
 follows; I. Moharram. 2. Saphar. '^. The forms)- Rabin, i^. The 
 later Rabia. t^. The former "Jornada, b. The latter fomada. "j-Rajeb. 
 S.Shaban. f^. Ramadan. 10. Shaijuall. 11. Dulkaada iz.Dulhagha. 
 The firil hath thirty days, and the fecond twenty-m'ne, and fo 
 alternatively to the end of the year ; only in the intercalary years, 
 Dulhagha hath thirty days, becaufe of the day added, but on all 
 other years only twenty-nine. 
 
 AChro- 
 
[64] 
 
 A chronological Table for thirty-fi'oe Years of the Hegira^ nuith the 
 Days of the Month on inhich they begin in the Solar Tear. 
 
 Years of Chrift Years of the 
 
 from I ft Jan. Hegira. 
 
 ^ ( 20 - Dec. 2 1 
 
 641 21 - Dec. 10 
 
 642 22 - Nov. 30 
 
 643 23 -Nov. 19 
 
 644 24 - Nov. 7 
 
 645 25 - oa. 28 
 
 646 26 -oa. 17 
 
 647 27 - oa. 7 
 
 648 28 -Sept. 25 
 
 649 29 - Sept. 1 4 
 
 650 30 - Sept. 4 
 
 651 31 - Aug. 24 
 
 652 32 - Aug. 12 
 
 653 Si- Aug. 2 
 
 654 34-JuJy 22 
 
 655 35 -Jul/ «» 
 
 Years of Chrift 
 
 Years of the 
 
 from I ft Jan. 
 
 Hegira. 
 
 622 
 
 I - July 16 
 
 623 
 
 2 - July 5 
 
 624 
 
 3 - June 24 
 
 625 
 
 4 -June 13 
 
 626 
 
 5 - June 2 
 
 627 
 
 6 - May 23 
 
 628 
 
 7 - May 1 1 
 
 629 
 
 8 - May i 
 
 630 
 
 9 - April 20 
 
 63. 
 
 10 -April 9 
 
 632 
 
 1 1 - March29 
 
 633 
 
 12 - MarchiS 
 
 634 
 
 1 3 - March 7 
 
 635 
 
 14 -Feb. 25 
 
 636 
 
 15 - Feb. 14 
 
 637 
 
 16 - Feb. 3 
 
 638 
 
 17 -Jan. 2 J 
 
 639 
 
 1 8 - Jan. I a 
 
 THE end: 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Che De, Adm. of the 
 French fleet, anchors in 
 fort St. David's road 1 9a 
 
 engages with Adm. Pocock, 
 
 breaks the line of battle and 
 bears away 1 94 
 
 his lofs 195 
 
 engages with Adm. Pocock 
 
 a fecond time 205 
 
 avoids him 206 
 
 his fleet, greatly fuperlor 
 to the Englilh, whom they en- 
 deavour to avoid, but are pre- 
 vented 343 
 
 — — efcape in the night and fail 
 to Pondichery 345 
 
 • ■ engage the Englifh fleet, 
 but give way with all the fail 
 they can make 3 46 
 
 retreat to Pondichery 347 
 
 ■on fight of Adm. Pocock's 
 fleet weigh anchor and make 
 good their retreat to the 
 iflands 350 
 
 Adlercron Colonel, marches to 
 the relief of Trichinopoly 178 
 
 • takes pofleffion of Wan- 
 
 dewafli 
 
 ■ evacuates it and returns 
 
 to Madrafs 179 
 
 — and his regiment ordered 
 
 to England 191 
 
 Ahmed Abdalla, chief of the 
 Pattans, marches to Delli and 
 
 takes the Mogul and all his 
 Omrahs prifoners, and after 
 plundering the palace replaces 
 the Mogul on his throne 339 
 
 marches to Agra, feizes 
 
 the revenues, and iflues his 
 orders to the Nabobs and Ra- 
 jas to acknowledge his fon 
 Timur King of Lahore, whom 
 he appoints to fuperintend 
 Indofl:an ibid, 
 
 enters Delli a fecond 
 
 time and places his fon Timur 
 on the Mogul's throne 341 
 
 Alamparva taken 373 
 
 Allum Geer, placed on the 
 throne of the Moguls by the 
 Omrahs 1 1 1 
 
 is taken prifoner with all 
 
 his Omrahs by Ahmed Ab- 
 dalh, who replaces him on 
 the throne 339 
 
 murdered by two Moors 
 
 difguifed in the habits of Fa- 
 keers 341 
 
 A met Shaw, a young prince, 
 his remarkable behaviour 188 
 
 Amoortarow, the Maratta Va- 
 keel, comes with the Nabob 
 to Madrafs 1 84 
 
 ■ aflaulta Trepalour, and 
 
 is killed 1 86 
 
 Anaverdy Cawn, appointed Na- 
 bob of Arcot and confirmed 
 by Nazirzing 43 
 
 Andrews Mr. lent from Madrafs, 
 £ to 
 
INDEX. 
 
 to take charge of the fa£tory 
 at Vifagapatani 293 
 
 Angria, Governor of Severn - 
 droog, turns pirate 153 
 
 extends his conquefts fixty 
 
 leagues ibid. 
 
 ■ takes the Darby and Re- 
 
 ftoration from the Englifli, 
 and the Jupiter from the 
 French 154 
 
 throws off his allegiance to 
 
 the Marattas, who apply to 
 the Governor of Bombay for 
 afliftance againft him ibid, 
 attacks a Dutch fleet, burns 
 two Ihips and takes a third 
 
 • on feeing the Englifh fleet 
 
 abandons the fort of Geriah 
 
 '59 
 
 ■ tries to make his peace with 
 
 the Marattas, who infift on 
 
 being put in pofTeflion of the 
 
 fort 1 60 
 
 Arabs, very infolent and given 
 
 to plunder 333 
 
 plunder the Englifli facElory 
 
 at Gombroon 338 
 
 Ajcot, taken by Col. Coote 372 
 
 Articles of agreement between 
 
 the company and the Raja of 
 
 Vifanapore fettled by colonel 
 
 Forde 294 
 
 Articles of capitulation for fort 
 
 St. David 198 
 
 for Gombroon 208 
 
 for Vifagapatam 45 
 
 Aurengzebe, tries to reduce the 
 
 Marattas for twenty years, 
 
 but in vain i 38 
 
 d'Auteuil, his meflage to Col. 
 
 Lawrence 47 
 
 ■ his march to furprize 
 
 Trichinopoly 171 
 
 — — difgraced for having fuf- 
 
 fcred C. Caillaud to get into 
 
 Trichinopol/ 173 
 
 B 
 
 BAllapa, commander of the 
 Marattas, killed 97 
 
 Balazerow, fuccecds his father 
 Budgerow in the government 
 of the Marattas 1 38 
 
 Bank remarkable, between the 
 Cauvery and the Coleroon, 
 defcribed 6 1 
 
 Bazaletzing, vifited by M. Dc 
 Bufly 362 
 
 Bendermalanka taken by the 
 French 1 66 
 
 Bengal, bad news from thence 
 prevents the Englilh from fup- 
 porting the Viceroy againft 
 the French ibid. 
 
 Black Capt. wounded thro' the 
 leg in a faiJy 265 
 
 Bombay 1 2 3 
 
 Bonnagery, taken by the Ma- 
 rattas, who abandon it 90 
 
 Brereton Major, makes a fally 
 from fort St. George to the 
 Governor's garden-houfe 255 
 
 — takes the command of 
 
 the army and furprizes Con- 
 jeveram 288 
 
 — — takes Trivitore 355 
 
 attacks Wandewafii, and 
 
 takes the Pettah 356 
 
 — his behaviour in the bat- 
 tle of Wandewafli 368 
 
 ^ dies of his wounds 369 
 
 Bourdonnals M. de la, his ac- 
 count of the Monfoon 351 
 
 Buchanan Capt. and Capt. Forbes 
 refufe a large bribe from the 
 Marattas to put them in pof- 
 feffion of Geriah 1 6 1 
 
 Budgerow, ufurps the govern- 
 ment (of the country Ibuth of 
 Guzarat) over the Marattas, 
 and is called the Nanna i 38 
 
 BufTy De, and his troops, or- 
 dered 
 
INDEX. 
 
 dered by Salabatzlng to return 
 to Pondichery 165 
 
 ■ takes poffelHon of Hydra- 
 bad, and fortifies it to defend 
 hifiifelf 52 
 
 ——plunders the Bazars 165 
 ——is reinforced from Pondi- 
 chery ibid. 
 
 takes Vfap.'.patHni i56 
 
 taken pnlonei 369 
 
 CAdapah Nabob of, killed by 
 the Marattas 186 
 
 Caillaud Capt. his party, fur- 
 rounded by the French in 
 Tondenian's country 118 
 
 • mediates between the King 
 
 of Tanjore and Tondeman, 
 and prevents hoftilities 162 
 
 marches out of Trichino- 
 
 poly to the afliftance of Ifouf 
 Cawn 169 
 
 — — goes againft Madura 1 70 
 
 attempts to take Madura 
 
 by furprizes is diiappointed 
 
 ibid. 
 
 - turns the fiege of Madura 
 into a blockade, and marches 
 to relieve Trichinopoly 1 72 
 
 deceives the French, and 
 
 relieves Trichinopoly 173 
 
 marches from Trichinopoly 
 
 to beficge Madura : batters in 
 
 breach, and is repulfed 1 8 i 
 
 lands with a Detachment at 
 
 Madrafs 208 
 
 • receives a Major's commif- 
 
 iion 2 1 o 
 
 •> fent to get afliftance from 
 
 the King of Tanjore, &c 219 
 
 - — gets fome troops of horfe 
 from him and marches to 
 Chengalaput 221 
 
 . lays a plan for furprifing 
 
 Sadrafs, but is diiappointed 
 224 
 
 Major, w^ounded at the 
 
 taking of Conjeveram 288 
 
 Call, chief engineer, his journal 
 231 
 
 Carical, defcrihed and taken 373 
 
 Cauvery ri/er 6i 
 
 Cauverypauk, taken by Capt. 
 Clive 68 
 
 Chillambrum, taken by the French 
 
 92 
 
 Choultry, defcribed 98 
 
 Chout, or tribute, paid to the 
 Marattas 139 
 
 Chunda Saib, ferves as General 
 under Dueft Allee Cawn, who 
 gives him one of his daughters ' 
 to wife 42 
 
 ^goes with the Nabob to the 
 
 afliftance of the Queen of 
 Trichinopoly, and under pre- 
 tence of a vifit gets pofleffion 
 of the town, imprifons the 
 Queen and puts the feveral- 
 competitors for the govern- 
 ment to death ibid. 
 
 befieged in Trichinopoly, 
 
 and carried prifoner to Sattar- 
 rah by the Marattas 43 
 
 at the requeft of Muza- 
 
 pherzing releafed from im- 
 prifonment 45 
 
 ;goe3 to Pondichery, and 
 
 gains over the French to join 
 Muzapherzing ibid. 
 
 appointed Nabob of Arcot 
 
 by Muzapherzing 44 
 
 retreats with the French in- 
 to Pondichery 48 
 
 raifes an army, is aflifted 
 
 by the French, and appointed 
 Governor of Arcot by M. 
 Dupieix 54 
 
 inarches with the French 
 
 againft Trichinopoly, and in- 
 verts it (^5 
 
 is taken prifoner by Mo- 
 
 >nagee , 73 
 
 — — and privately beheaded ibid. 
 E 2 his 
 
INDEX. 
 
 his chara(Ster 73 
 
 Clive Capt. joins the army at 
 Trichinopoly ; is fent for to 
 Madrafs to command the fiege 
 ofArcot, which he takes 57 
 
 commands Arcot during the 
 
 fiege 58 
 
 Tallies out and takes all the 
 
 enemy's cannon and levels their 
 trenches ibid. 
 
 — marches out of Arcot after 
 
 the enemy, whom he totally 
 defeats, and takes the forts of 
 Tiinery, Cauverypauk, and 
 Conjeveram ibid. 
 
 — — detached to cut off the fup- 
 plies of the enemy 69 
 
 is furprifed at Samieveram 
 
 by the French, who take the 
 Pagoda 70 
 
 — — is in danger of being cut 
 down by a French Sepoy ibid. 
 
 — — ftorms and retakes the Pa- 
 goda, and befieges Pitchunda 
 ibid. 
 
 — — takes M. D'Auteuil and his 
 whole party prifoners 72 
 
 . takes Covelong and Chen- 
 
 galaput 84 
 
 lands with the troops at 
 
 Geriah 160 
 
 takes pofleffion of the fort 
 
 161 
 
 fent from Madrafs to re- 
 take Calcutta 166 
 
 ' detaches two thirds of the 
 
 army from Calcutta into Gol- 
 conda to prevent M. De Con- 
 flans from reinforcing M. 
 Lally's Army 292 
 
 Coftrees defcribed 7 2 
 
 Coleroon river 60 
 
 Colguddy plundered by Colonel 
 Heron, 1 46 
 
 Co leries, defcribed 65 
 
 Conflans De, commands the 
 French army in Golconda, 
 
 and marches to attack Vifa- 
 napore 291 
 
 " army encamped near Tal- 
 
 lapool 294 
 
 — — determines to cannonade 
 Col. Forde in his camp, and 
 is defeated by him 29; 
 
 retreats after the battle to 
 
 Rajamundry and Mafulipatara 
 297 
 
 and encamped two miles 
 
 from the walls of Mafulipa- 
 tam 301 
 
 upon the approach of Col. 
 
 Forde retreats into Mafuli- 
 patam ibid. 
 
 fends an officer to Colonel 
 
 Forde to aflc quarter for the 
 garrifon, which is granted 
 
 304 
 
 Commiflaries, at Sadrafs 1 1 2 
 
 Congrefs, appointed by Mr. 
 Saunders and Dupleix to be 
 held at Sadrafs, Mr. Palk 
 and Vanfittart fent on the be- 
 half of the Englilh, F. L'A- 
 vaur, M> De Kerjean and De 
 Baufett for the French ibid. 
 
 Coop Saib, comes over from the 
 
 French and joins the Englilh 
 
 ar.my with one thoufand horfe 
 
 and fourteen elephants, &c. 
 
 72 
 
 Coot bodeens, treaty with Mr. 
 Spencer 317 
 
 Coote Col. joins the army at 
 Conjeveram, and takes the 
 command of it 360 
 
 takes Wandewafli and Ca- 
 
 rangoly 361 
 
 marches to relieve Conje- 
 veram 363 
 
 marches to oppofe the 
 
 French 564 
 
 line of battle 365 
 
 marches to Wandewafh 
 
 367 
 Coote, 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Coote, Col. gains a compleat 
 viftorjr over the French 368 
 
 — — takes pofTeflion of the French 
 camp and artillery ibid. 
 
 takes Brigadier Gen. de 
 
 BuITy and Le Godeville, with 
 feveral other great officers, 
 prifoners 369 
 
 deftroys the country round 
 
 Pondichery 370 
 
 obliges Innis Cawn, the 
 
 Maratta General to return 
 
 home ibid. 
 
 -—takes Chettcput 371 
 
 — — takes Arcot 372 
 
 reftores the Nabob to his 
 
 capital ibid. 
 
 — — takes Parmacoil and Allam- 
 parva _ ^ 373 
 
 Corniili, Rear Adm. joins Adm. 
 Pocock 351 
 
 arrives at Madrafs 373 
 
 Cope Capt. marches to the a.C~ 
 fiftance of Mahomet Allee 
 Cawn 5' 
 
 Coza Abdallah Cawn, appointed 
 Nabob of Arcot 43 
 
 Cuddalore, taken by the French 
 196 
 
 Cumberland reduced from fixty- 
 fix guns to fifty-eight 343 
 
 in great diltrefs 352 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 Alton Capt. diflodges the 
 French from Outatoor 7 1 
 Ihut up in Trichinopoly 
 
 and in want of provifions 
 
 Danes, attack the King of Tan- 
 jore's pagodas 163 
 
 Davecotah, taken by the En- 
 glilh who have a grant for it 
 from the King of Tanjore 
 
 .59 
 abandoned by the Englifh, 
 
 the French take poffeflion t>f 
 it 207 
 
 D'Leyrite fucceeds M. Godeheu 
 163 
 
 Delli, plundered for three day» 
 by the Pattans, who retire to 
 Lahore 1 90 
 
 Deckan, a third part of the 
 Mogul's empire 135 
 
 views of the feveral pro- 
 vinces in it ibid. 
 
 Divy ifland, taken by the French 
 from the Engliih 87 
 
 Draper Col. arrives at Madrafs 
 
 and marches to Wandev/afli 
 
 213 
 
 -makes a faliy from fort 
 
 St. George into the Black 
 Town, and puts the French 
 into confufion, who abandon 
 their cannon 217 
 
 leaves the army and re- 
 
 turns to England for recovery 
 of his health 287 
 
 Dueft AlJee Cawn, Nabob of 
 Arcot 41 
 
 killed in battle with the 
 
 Marattas 43 
 
 Dupleix M. writes to Nazirzing 
 and infifts that none of the 
 family of Anaverdy Cawn 
 fhall ever govern Arcot 49 
 
 -and Chunda Saib lay a 
 
 fcheme to aflaffinate Nazir- 
 zing ibid. 
 
 ■ aflbciated with Muzapher- 
 
 zing in the government of the 
 Deckan, and affiimes the ftate 
 of an Eaftern Prince, and is 
 proclaimed a Nabob ibid. 
 
 — — proclaims Rajah Saib Na- 
 bob of Arcot, and by forgery 
 got himlelf declared Governor 
 of the Carnetick, keeps his 
 Durbar, and fupports the 
 charafter of Souba of the 
 Deckan 77 
 
 E 3 Dupleix, 
 
r N D E X. 
 
 Dupleix, M. falfe aflertion in 
 his Memoire fee Nste 73 
 
 offers the Nabobihip of Ar- 
 
 cot to Mootis Allee Cavvn 
 
 77 
 *~ — his manner of relating a lofs 
 
 of 364 French fee Note 1 09 
 • forgery of the Mogul's fa- 
 
 neds detected hy Mr. Van- 
 
 fittart 1 1 4 
 
 — — is fuperfeded, and returns 
 
 to France 135 
 
 Dupleiv Fateabat, built in 17^0, 
 
 and burnt by Capt. Clive 
 
 '7SI 53 
 
 Duftuck, or order, under the 
 Chan Sumaun, or Steward's 
 Seal, for the honourable com- 
 pany's holding the king's fleet 
 atSurat 328 
 
 ELlavanafore taken by the 
 French «74 
 
 Ellis Mr. applied to by the in- 
 habitants of Surat to recom- 
 mend the fitting out an expe- 
 dition from Bombay for taking 
 pofTeflion of the caftle and 
 Tanka 3 1 i 
 
 Elmiferam, furrenders to Capt. 
 Daiton 68 
 
 furrenders to Monagee 102 
 
 Englifli and French propofals 
 113 
 Eiadmoodin Cawn, fee Muza- 
 pherzing 44 
 
 d'Ellaing Count, taken prifoner 
 2 19 
 • inferts a very extraordi- 
 nary claufe in the articles of 
 capitulation for Gombroon 
 330 
 
 IT' It'/pauick Lieut, wounded 
 ^ through both arms 265 
 
 Forde Col. marches to Nelloure 
 ,76 
 
 batters it ibid. 
 
 deferred by the Sepoys and 
 
 retreats 177 
 
 is ordered to the fbuth- 
 
 ward to prevent the defigns of 
 the French againil Trichino- 
 poly ibid. 
 
 his expedition to Golconda 
 
 292 
 
 lift of the forces under his 
 
 command 293 
 
 — embarked from Calcutta the 
 1 2th October, and arrives at 
 Vifagapatam ibid. 
 
 ^joins the Raja's army ibid. 
 
 encamps within three miles 
 
 of Tallapool 294 
 
 marches to get between M. 
 
 de Conflans and Rajamun- 
 dry ibid. 
 
 forms in line of battle 295 
 
 engages the French army 
 
 296 
 
 after an obftinate difpute 
 
 gains a compleat vitlory ibid. 
 
 • gets poffeifion of the French 
 
 camp, baggage, ammunition 
 and all their artillery, except 
 four field pieces 297 
 
 delivers up the fort of Ra- 
 
 jamundry to the Raja of Vifa- 
 napore 299 
 
 marches towards Mafuli- 
 
 patam ibid. 
 
 ■ enters into an alliance with 
 
 the Raja of Narfipore, and is 
 reinforced with his troops 300 
 
 takes pofl'elTion of the 
 
 French camp near Malulipa- 
 tam 301 
 
 invefts and takes Mafuli- 
 
 patam by ftorm 302 
 
 French army, demand a fum 
 of money of Tan jour but are 
 refufcd i retire to Fondichery 
 
 45 
 French 
 
INDEX. 
 
 French army, retreat in the 
 night, and leave their artil' -;/ 
 behind them 47 
 
 * encamp near fort St. 
 
 David 80 
 
 — march to Aurangabad, 
 
 and ire difturbed by Ballaze- 
 row the chief of the Marattas 
 
 — intrench near Trividv 
 
 attack a convoy going 
 
 to Col. Lawrence, near Tri- 
 vidy, and are repulfed 90 
 
 retreat to Alietore and 
 
 MoutehiiJenour 102 
 
 troops on the ifland of 
 
 Seringam reinforced from Pon- 
 dichery, crofs the river, and 
 attempt to efcalade Trichino- 
 poly ; take Dalton's battery, 
 and turn the guns againft the 
 town 107 
 
 are repulfed with great 
 
 lofs J 08 
 
 defign to invade Tan- 
 
 jore with a party of Ma- 
 rattas 1 09 
 
 flop the proceedings of 
 
 the congrefs 1 1 4 
 
 march into Tonde- 
 
 man's country with an intent 
 to prevent him from fending 
 any provifions to the Engliih, 
 or joining them 115 
 
 invade the King of 
 
 Tanjore's country, take Killy 
 Cottah and Koiladdy,and make 
 themfelves matters of the 
 bank, which they begin to cut 
 in three or four places i 22 
 
 invert Trichinopoly, 
 
 and cut off the the communi- 
 cation from the Engliih i 24 
 
 retreat, and encamp on 
 
 the ifland of Seringam 1 26 
 
 difpute the Nabob's 
 
 right to Velloure 1 50 
 
 — — march an army to Cup- 
 
 port Mootis Allee Cawn ibid, 
 •endeavours to get the 
 
 dominion of all the provinces 
 of the Deckan 1 63 
 
 ■ ambitious delign difco- 
 
 vered by Ballazerow 164 
 
 — appear againft and in- 
 vert Trichinopoly 1 yz 
 •ordered to return from 
 
 Trichinopoly to Pondichery 
 
 ■ retake Outremalour 
 
 178 
 
 plunder Conjeveram and 
 
 are repulfed 179 
 
 remain ftrongly in- 
 
 trenched at Wandewalh for 
 
 two months 180 
 
 take Chetteput 181 
 
 receive a reinforcement 
 
 from Europe 192 
 fleet anchor in fort St. 
 
 David's road ibid. 
 
 -army enter the bounds 
 
 of and take fort St. David ibid. 
 
 Admiral breaks the line 
 
 and bears away 194 
 
 •their lofs in the battle 
 
 on the 28th of April 1758 
 -fleet forms a line of 
 
 battle 204 
 
 ■ get off by the favour 
 
 of the night and anchor in 
 Pondichery road 206 
 
 fail from Pondichery 
 
 road for the iflands 207 
 
 -feize a large Dutch 
 
 fhip and carry it into Pondi- 
 chery ibid 
 army abandon Serin- 
 
 gam and the Englifli take pof' 
 feffion of it ibid. 
 
 take Nagore 208 
 
 march to Trivalour, 
 
 and fend deputies to the King 
 
 of Tanjore to demand feventy 
 
 E 4 Iscks 
 
INDEX. 
 
 l,<oks of roupees, a free paflage 
 for their array through his 
 country, and afliftance of his 
 troops ibid, 
 
 demand a fecond time 
 
 five lacks of roupees ; the King 
 will give them but four 2 1 o 
 -advance againft Tan- 
 
 jore and fire into the town, on 
 which the negociation is ftop' 
 ped ibid, 
 
 -encamps at the mount. 
 
 takes polfeflion of the Garden- 
 houfe and inverts Madrafs 216 
 
 takes pofleffion of the 
 
 Black Town ibid. 
 
 feizesSadrafs,turnsout 
 
 the Dutch foldiers and garrifons 
 it 223 
 
 feizes Poullacat, a 
 
 Dutch fettlement 24.7 
 
 — foldiers fent to guard 
 
 three boats laden with ammu- 
 nition from Sadrafs to the Black 
 Town, while aileep are over- 
 come and bound by the boat- 
 men who land at fort St. 
 George 251 
 
 — fpring a mine which is 
 
 of no far vice to them 27 1 
 
 — evacuate their trenches. 
 
 quit the black town and raife 
 
 the fiege of fort St. George 
 
 280 
 
 ' army ready to mutiny 
 
 283 
 
 abandon Narfipore and 
 
 retire to Mafulipatam 300 
 army of obfervation 
 
 prevent Col. Forde's receiv- 
 ing fupplies fromRajamundry 
 301 
 
 take Rajamundry 302 
 
 ihips, with Dutch co- 
 
 blow up the EnglilTi faftory 
 
 337 
 fleet fuperior in num- 
 
 ber and force to the Englilh 
 fleet, which endeavoured in 
 vain to provoke them to fight 
 
 343 
 " endeavour to efcape in 
 
 the night, but are prevented by 
 
 the Revenge 344 
 
 efcape by hazy weather 
 
 . 345 
 
 ■ begin to give way with all 
 
 the fail they could make 346 
 
 continues to retreat 347 
 
 fail for Pond^chery to dif- 
 
 embark their men 347 
 
 • In Pondichery road on 
 
 fight of Adm. Pocock's fleet 
 weigh anchor and efcape him 
 by (leering to the fouth, and 
 make good their retreat to the 
 iflands 350 
 rcfolved to take Tagada 
 
 357 
 
 a. party defeated near I'ri- 
 
 chinopoly 358 
 
 army takes Seringam, and 
 
 cut the garrifon to pieces 359 
 afl"embled at Arcot, join- 
 ed by the fon of Chunda Saib 
 and Irmis Cawn 361 
 
 defeated at Wandewafli 
 
 andlofe their artillery 368 
 
 prifoners on parole 370 
 
 Huflars defert to C«l. 
 
 Cootc 373 
 
 'Auzedey Cawn, Buckflice 
 f to the Mogul 43 
 
 appointed Viceroy of 
 
 lours appear before Gombroon 
 
 and take it 333 
 
 bleak the articles of 
 
 the Deckan by the Mogul 5 , 
 
 poifoned by his own 
 
 fifter J>,6 
 
 -his fon, Shaw Abadin 
 
 capitulation for Gombroon and Cawn, appointed by the Mo- 
 
INDEX. 
 
 gul to fucceed him, who is 
 
 oppofed by Salabatzing, fet up 
 
 by M. Dupleix 87 
 
 Geriah, defcribed and and taken 
 
 161 
 
 Gingee, taken by the French 5 2 
 
 > delcribed 78 
 
 invefted 79 
 
 is abandoned ibid 
 
 Gingens De Capt. encamps under 
 the walls of Trichinopoly 55 
 Godeheu Mr. Commiffary Ge- 
 neral and Governor General 
 of all the French fettlements, 
 arrives at Pondichery from 
 France, fuperfedesM. Dupleix 
 and introduces his propofals 
 " for a fufpenfion of arms to Go- 
 vernor Saunders 1 26 
 Godevile Mr. taken prifoner by 
 Col. Coote, who grants him 
 his parole 369 
 Gombroon, an Engllfh fettle- 
 nient taken by the French ^^ i 
 Gore Capt. killed. 348 
 
 H 
 
 HArdwicke Indiaman, attack- 
 ed by two French fliips 
 306 
 Heron, Lieut. Col- his expedition 
 to colleft the revenues in the 
 Madura and Tinnevelly coun- 
 tries 1 43 
 
 ■ accompanied by Mau- 
 phus Cawn ibid. 
 
 — ' arrives at Maduraibid. 
 
 • takes the Governor, 
 
 with all his treafures 1 44 
 
 marches to Tinnevelly 
 
 ibid. 
 
 ■ returns to Madura 
 
 146 
 ■ carries away the ima- 
 ges from Colguddy Pagoda 
 which enrages the CoUeries, 
 who attack him in the defiles in 
 
 Natana woods and recover their 
 images ibid. 
 
 ■ returns to Trichinopo- 
 ly, and tried at a court-martial 
 for mifcondudl ibid. 
 
 Hookum, or order, under the Vi- 
 zier's feal, to Mr. Spencer, to 
 afiift and advile with Sciad 
 Moynodeen Cawn in the go- 
 vernment of Surat 324 
 
 Houfbul Hookum, under the 
 great feal of the Nabob, to Mr. 
 Spencer to take the caftle of 
 Surat for the Mogul 325 
 
 • totheEnglilh company 
 
 accompanying the phiruiaud 
 
 330 
 
 Huflars, fifty defert from the 
 
 French and enter the Engllih 
 
 array. Are of great fervice 28S 
 
 J 
 
 Ageers, explained 128 
 
 James Commodore, com- 
 mands the company's marine- 
 forces, joins the Maratta fleet, 
 and fails in quefl; of Angria's 
 fleet 1 56 
 
 chaces them ibid. 
 
 isprevented from com- 
 
 ing to an adion by the dilato- 
 rinefs of the Maratta fleet ibid, 
 anchors off Bancote, 
 
 which furrenders to him on a 
 fummons 1 5 8 
 
 anchors off Dabul with 
 
 an Intent to attack it, but re- 
 ceives orders to return to Bom- 
 bay 1=59 
 
 lent to reconnoitre Ge- 
 
 riah ibid, 
 
 -joins the fleet under the 
 
 command of Admiral Watfon 
 
 ibid. 
 
 Jembikifhna and Seringam taken, 
 
 The French army furrender 
 
 prlfoners 
 
INDEX. 
 
 prilbners of war, and are fent 
 to fort St. David 74 
 
 Ingeram, taken by the I-'rench 
 166 
 
 Johnfton Mr. fent to Vifanapore 
 293 
 
 Journal of the fiege of Fort St. 
 George 23 1 
 
 Ifouf Cawn, the Nelloure Sou- 
 badar fent to the aififtance of 
 Mauphus Cawn 1 68 
 
 — ■ marches from Trichi- 
 
 nopoly to join the Englifh 
 near Madrais, and in his way 
 takes Ellavanafore 2 \ 3 
 
 Juncan, explained 134 
 
 K 
 
 Klllpatrick Capt. fiiot thro' the 
 body, and prevented by the 
 lurgeon from being cut to 
 pieces by th.e Marattas 104 
 
 Kirk Capt. killed at the head of 
 his grenadiers, who are imme- 
 diattlyled on by C apt. Kill- 
 patrick to revenge his death, 
 and rout the French army 
 100 
 
 Kiftnarauze, an ally to the Na- 
 bob, Killedar of Tagada 357 
 
 Knox Capt. detached to purfue 
 the enemy as far as Raja- 
 mundry 298 
 
 » is joined by Capt. 
 
 Maclean with a reinforcement, 
 comes up with the enemy. 
 His Sepoys throw down their 
 arms and difperfe ibid. 
 
 • takes poffeflion of Ra- 
 
 jamundry ibid. 
 
 » detached againft Nar- 
 
 fipore 299 
 
 - • takespoffeffionof Nar- 
 
 fipore 300 
 
 L 
 
 • ^ takes Fort St. David, 
 
 and blows up the fortifications 
 202 
 
 encamps in the bounds 
 
 of Negapatam, and demands 
 of the Dutch money, &c. 
 cannon, ammunition and pro- 
 vifions 208 
 
 lends a third tin)e an 
 
 officer of rank, with a prieft, 
 to treat the King of Tanjore, 
 and to remain as hoflages for 
 the psrfonnance on his part 
 210 
 
 accomplifheshis defign 
 
 with the King of Tanjore, and 
 defeats it by his own halty 
 temper 2 1 1 
 
 defeated in a fally, 
 
 raifes the fiege of Tanjore, 
 
 and returns to Pondichery 
 
 212 
 
 ■ takes Arcot, Tripaf- 
 
 fore and Conjeverani Trino- 
 inalay, and ihews a defign to 
 take Chengalaput but is pre- 
 vented by the arrival of four 
 companies of Sepoys ibid. 
 
 attacks Major Cail- 
 
 laud's party at the Mount, and 
 after an obftinate difpute re- 
 treats 222 
 remarkable letter to 
 
 the Gov. of Pondichery inter- 
 cepted by Major Caillaud, and 
 fent to Madrafs 224 
 
 raifes the liege of fort 
 
 L 
 
 Ally M. arrives at Pondi- 
 chery from Europe 1 92 
 
 St. George, and leaves his can- 
 non behind 228 
 
 retreats precipitately 
 
 from the Black Town, and 
 blows up Col. Lawrence's 
 country houfe 286 
 
 — takespolTeflionofCon- 
 
 jeveram, and fortifies it 287 
 
 — ■ - refumes the command 
 
 of the French army at Arcot 
 
 362 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Lally M. plunders Conjeveram 
 
 363 
 
 • — defeated by Col. Coote 
 
 at Wandewafli 368 
 
 ■ retreats to Chetteput, 
 alTembles the army at Gingee 
 and retires within the walls of 
 Pondichery 370 
 
 — recalls his troops from 
 
 c-eringanri 373 
 
 Lawrence Col. marches from Ma- 
 
 drafs to the aH' 1:ance of Nazir- 
 
 zing, and is appointed Gene- 
 
 raliifimo over his army 46 
 — — informs Nazirzing of a 
 
 defign againft him ibid. 
 takes the chair in the 
 
 council on the removal of Mr. 
 
 Floyer j fets out for England 
 
 • returns from England 
 
 and takes the command of the 
 army 65 
 
 • is attacked by the 
 
 French whom he repulles, and 
 relieves Trichinopoly. 66 
 
 "■ gains a compleat vic- 
 
 tory over the French 68 
 
 retires from the army 
 
 on account of his health 76 
 
 his reafons againft at- 
 tacking Gingee 79 
 
 • embarks from Madrafs 
 
 with Capt. Gaupp's company 
 
 and arrives at fort St David 
 
 80 
 
 marches out to attack 
 
 the French, who retreat to 
 Pondichery 81 
 
 -encamps at Trichanky, 
 
 and attacks their advanced poft 
 atVillanour ibid, 
 
 marches back and en- 
 
 camps at Bahoor, the French 
 
 army is ordered by M. Dupleix 
 
 to follow him and are defeated 
 
 ibid. 
 
 • enters Trivedy with 
 
 his troops 84 
 
 marches to relieve 
 
 Capt. Dal ton at Trichinopoly 
 
 .9' 
 goes to meet the King 
 
 of Tanjore, and is elegantly 
 entertained by him 92 
 arrives at Trichnopoly 
 
 encamps on the plain, 
 
 and is detained twelve month? 
 for want of provifions 94 
 
 with Mr. Palk, is coim- 
 
 millioned to treat with the King 
 of Maifore, but prevented by 
 the French 95 
 
 ■ marches into Tanjore 
 
 country and is joined by that 
 King's forces 97 
 
 joined with recruits 
 
 from England 98 
 
 threatened to be at- 
 
 tacked by the French, which 
 he endeavours to avoid but 
 finds it impoffible 99 
 
 — attacks and defeats 
 
 thera 1 00 
 
 his army reinforced by 
 
 Capt. Ridge loz 
 attacks the French ar- 
 
 my near the Golden Rock, de- 
 feats them and takes poffeffion 
 of their camp with eleven 
 pieces of their artillery 104 
 
 wounded in the arm ibid. 
 
 cantons his troops in Koi- 
 
 laddy ibid. 
 
 marches to the afliftance 
 
 of the King of Tanjore 1 22 
 
 reviews the army, and 
 
 marches with Monagee to the 
 relief of Trichinopoly 1 24 
 
 cannonades the French 
 
 ——goes to join the army as a 
 
 volunteer, and lands at Sadrafs 
 
 jSo 
 
 takes poft at the Mount, 
 
 and keeps open the communi- 
 cation 
 
INDEX. 
 
 catioa between Madrafs and 
 Chengakput 213 
 
 reinforced at the Mount 
 
 215 
 
 marches from the Mount, 
 
 and reinforces the garrilon at 
 Madrafs ibid. 
 
 ^ letter from him to the 
 
 Governor, giving an account 
 of the fuperftition of the In- 
 dians, and the pradlices of 
 their Priefts. See Introduciion 
 
 Lorrain regiment mutiny, and 
 declare their refolution to put 
 the country under contribu tion, 
 unlefs they are paid their ar- 
 rears in three days, which 
 they receive and return to their 
 quarters 290 
 
 M. 
 
 M 
 
 Aclean Capt. attempts to 
 take Concale by furprize 
 
 ■ ■ is reinforced and takes it 
 
 ibid 
 Madrafs, reinforced with troops 
 
 from England 
 
 ■ reiiiiorced 
 
 - befieged 
 
 -journal of the (iege 
 ■ the fiege raifed 
 
 123 
 228 
 ibid. 
 
 2l6 
 
 280 
 
 Madura Gov. of, cuts off a party 
 
 of Col. Heron's troops, and 
 
 plunders the villages about 
 
 Tinnevilly in fight of his army 
 
 145 
 Madura defcribed 
 
 delivered 
 
 up to 
 
 170 
 
 Capt. 
 183 
 
 374 
 
 Caillaud by treaty 
 
 Mahe, a French garrifon 
 
 Mahomet AUee Cawn, Nabob of 
 Arcot, Governor of the Car- 
 natick, bis title difputed by the 
 French, which was the origin 
 of this war 41 
 
 made Nabob of Arcot, 
 
 upon the defeat of his father 
 
 retlies to Trichinopoly 44 
 
 follicits with the Eng- 
 
 lish for afllftance to fupport 
 him againft the Rebels, and is 
 joined by Capt. Cope at Wal- 
 dore : his gallant prefent to 
 Nazirzing 46 
 
 ' his camp is routed by 
 
 the French 5 i 
 
 efcapes from the French 
 
 to Trichinopoly 54 
 
 appointed Nabob of Ar- 
 cot, and is fupported by Capt. 
 Cope ibid. 
 
 — his character 1 4 1 
 
 ■ is diftrefled by the extra- 
 vagance of his brother, and 
 unable to pay the workmen to 
 compleat his fortification ibid. 
 
 ' is advifed by the Englifh, 
 
 and fettles at Arcot to fave ex- 
 pences 142 
 
 met by Col. Lawrence, 
 
 Mr. Palk and Mr. Walib, and 
 invited to Madrafs 1 48 
 
 is received at the com- 
 pany's Garden-houfe, by the 
 Governor, &c. 1 49 
 
 fets out to colleft his re- 
 
 venues, accompanied by Major 
 Kilipatrick ibid. 
 
 Mahomed Ifouf Cawn Soubadar 
 of Nelloure, his character 117 
 
 Maiffore King of, his army joins 
 the Englilh 137 
 
 Maiflbreans, demand Trichino- 
 poly but are refufed 74 
 
 • withdraw their troops 
 
 from the Englifn army 7 5 
 
 ■ declare war againft the 
 
 Engiifh-company, and are de- 
 feated by Capt. Dalton 88 
 ■they attack an advan- 
 
 ced poft and cut all the men to 
 
 pieces ibid. 
 
 Marattas invade Arcot and kill 
 
 the Nabob in battle 42 
 
 • cavalry cut the French 
 
 Sepoys to pieces 70 
 
 • chiefs at variance 75 
 
 I ■ ... demand Trichinopoly and 
 are 
 
I N D E 
 
 are refufed ; feparate their 
 
 troops ibid. 
 attack the Englifh camp 
 
 and are repulfed 89 
 
 — ■ — and Maiflbreans join the 
 
 French at Seringam 95 
 
 try to cut off the com- 
 
 munication between the garri- 
 fon of Trichinopoly and Ton- 
 deman's country and are re- 
 pulfed ibid, 
 
 •enter the Tanjore coun- 
 
 try, plunder it, burn the vil- 
 lages, and drive off the cattle 
 II I 
 — — defcribed 1 3 7 
 
 — — governed by Bramins or 
 Priefts 138 
 
 • profefs the Gentoo reli- 
 
 gion, and believe in the tranf- 
 
 migration of fouls 139 
 
 ■ free-booters, their drefs 
 
 and manner of living ibid. 
 
 — — grow rich by making their 
 
 neighbours tributary to them 
 
 140 
 
 are a deftructive foe, 
 
 and an unferviceable friend 
 
 ibid. 
 
 ambitious vievi^s of ex- 
 
 tending their territories, they 
 march to Delli and fet up a 
 Mogul 141 
 
 — conclude a treaty with 
 
 the Governor of Bombay, to 
 join in the redudion of Angria 
 
 '55 
 
 enter the kmgdom of 
 
 Maifore Ibid. 
 demand thechoutof Ar- 
 
 cot and Trichinopoly 183 
 threaten to lay walle the 
 
 countries if not paid 1 S4 
 expence of taking a party 
 
 into Englifh pay 214 
 farm out their revenue of 
 
 Surat to an officer 309, 310 
 
 • very troublefome to the 
 
 Englifti in the affairs of Surat 
 320 
 
 army routed by the Pat- 
 tans 340 
 
 retire at the inftance of 
 
 Col. Coote 370 
 
 Mafulipatam fiege of 302 
 
 — — — the French garrifon fur- 
 render prifoners ot war to Col. 
 Forde 3" 4 
 
 Mauphus Cawn enters Arcot 
 with 2000 horfe to join the 
 Englifh 1 1 7 
 
 — with his troops join 
 
 Col. Lawrence i?3 
 
 refufes to march till 
 
 his fubfidies are paid i 25 
 
 — — — — blocked up by the Po- 
 lygars, gains a compleat victory 
 over the rebels 1 68 
 
 ■ oppofes his brother, 
 and drives his forces out of 
 Madura 1 69 
 
 Meah Atchund, applies to the 
 Marattas for alfiftance to turn 
 out Novas Allee Cawn from 
 the government of Surat 310 
 
 is joined by theSiddee 
 
 ■ ■ his treaty with Mr. 
 Spencer 3 1 6 
 
 Meer Saib, repulfcs the French 
 near Ellavanafore, and dies of 
 his wounds 1 74 
 
 MIchie Captain, killed 348 
 
 Mogul Shaw Hamet, depoled by 
 Shaw Abadin Cawn, the Vi- 
 zier, and deprived of his eye- 
 fight HI 
 
 Monagee, pays the Nabob a vifit 
 
 with the aflurance of friendftip 
 
 from the King of Tanjore 
 
 184. 
 
 Monfbn Major, wounded at the 
 
 taking of Conjeveram 288 
 
 ' ■ takes Timmery fo rt 571 
 
 Moafbon 
 
I N D 
 
 Alonfoon defcribcd ibid. 
 
 the huiricanes at that 
 
 feafon exemplified in the lofs 
 of the Pembroke 375 
 
 Moolah Allee Shaw, Governor 
 of Gombroon, refides at Or- 
 mus 333 
 
 very toublefbme to the 
 
 merchants, and extorts, by 
 means of his Arabs, great loans 
 from them 333 
 
 — — — aflures the Englifli of af- 
 fillarKe 337 
 
 — — refufes, when called on, 
 
 for fear of the French 337 
 
 • enters into an alliance 
 
 with the French 338 
 
 Moors, the ^Mahometans impro- 
 perly fo called Introduciion 
 
 — — their manners ibid. 
 
 and character 1 87 
 
 Mootis Allee Cawn, his character 
 >37 
 
 — ^ — his deceitful conducl 149 
 
 , . outwitted by Dupleix 
 
 ibid. 
 
 - — refufes to pay his tribute 
 to the Nabob • 50 
 
 fends his Vakeel to nego- 
 tiate at Madrafs i 5 1 
 
 — pays part of his tribute to 
 Major Killpatrick ibid. 
 
 ■ refufes to fulfil his en- 
 gagement ibid. 
 
 Moracin Mr. fent to reinforce 
 M. De Conflans at MafuHpa- 
 tam 3p6 
 
 . finds it taken ; fails with 
 
 his troops to Gangam, where 
 they are greatly harafTed by 
 theRaja _ 3^7 
 
 arrives at Pouliacat : is 
 
 attacked by Col. Filher, who 
 lakes ten of his officers pri- 
 foners ^ 307 
 
 — returns to Pondichery 
 
 with the remains of his army 
 307 
 
 E X. 
 
 Morarow, Commander of the 
 Marattas in Narzirzing's army, 
 account of him 48 
 
 fent in purfuit of the 
 
 French, and with fifteen men 
 
 breaks through their army 
 
 ibid. 
 
 his detachment defeated 
 
 by the French 5 1 
 
 — has a defign upon Tri- 
 
 chinopoly 83 
 
 is joined by 3000 Marattas 
 
 84- 
 goes over to the Freach 
 
 85 
 
 ravages the country, and 
 
 cannonades Trividy, which the 
 Engliih take from them, and 
 they retire 8g 
 
 attacks a party of the Tan- 
 
 jore troops 1 22 
 
 •—for a iiipulated fum, paid by 
 the Nabob and King of Tan- 
 jore, leaves the French army 
 and returns to his own coun- 
 try 1 24 
 
 — — rebels, and endeavours to 
 make himfelf independent 164 
 
 MufToot, Siddee, feizes the caftle 
 of Surat 1756, and appro- 
 priates to himfelf one third 
 part of the revenues of the 
 town 309 
 
 — — his force 3 1 5 
 
 . furrenders the caftle of Su- 
 ral 318 
 
 Muzapherzing, lays claim to the 
 government of the Carnatick 
 
 44 
 
 — — goes to Sattaarah, enters 
 
 into alliance with Chunda 
 
 Saib, whom he gets releafed, 
 
 and applies to Ballazerow for 
 
 aiTiftance to fupport his pre- 
 
 tenfions, who difappoints him 
 
 ibid. 
 
 - — raifes an army, is joined by 
 
 the French, gains a victory 
 
 over 
 
INDEX. 
 
 over Anaverdy Cawn whom 
 he kills near Arcot, and takes 
 Mauphus Cawn prifoner 44. 
 
 » takes Arcot, over-runs the 
 whole province, retires to Pon- 
 dichery, and appoints Chunda 
 Saib Nabob of Arcot ibid. 
 
 — — raifes contributions and lays 
 fiege to Tanjore, and receives 
 a large fum to raife the fiege 
 
 — — and Chunda Salb, marches 
 out of Pondichery with 2. 
 large army commanded by M. 
 D'Auteuil 46 
 
 his army difperfed, he fub- 
 mits to Nazirzing, who detains 
 him a prifoner of ftate 48 
 
 proclaimed by the French 
 
 Viceroy of the Deckan 53 
 
 . — routed 54 
 
 N 
 
 NAnna, the aftmg Chief of 
 the Marattas 138 
 
 Nanna Pundit Praden, Chief of 
 the Marattas, his propofals to 
 confirm the government of 
 Surat to the Englilh company 
 
 Nanderauze, his plot to feize 
 Trichinopoly 8 5 
 
 is prevented by Capt. Dal- 
 
 ton 86 
 
 endeavours to get pofieflion 
 of Trichinopoly by ftratagem, 
 and makes a propofal to M. 
 De Sauflay to join him, which 
 he rejefts with difdain 1 46 
 
 — — decamps from Trichinopoly, 
 marches home and raifes a re- 
 bellion 1 47 
 
 — — takes Tinnevelly and be- 
 fieges Madura i6z 
 
 Nazeabulla Cawn, refufes to pay 
 his arrears and is fupported by 
 the French 178 
 
 Nazirzing, appointed Viceroy of 
 the Deckan by the Mogul 44 
 
 marches an army frou. Au- 
 
 rengabad, to punifh Muza- 
 pherzing and Chunda Saib for 
 their Rebellion 45 
 
 routs the rebels forces, and 
 
 cuts the French gunners to 
 pieces 48 
 
 retakes Arcot 49 
 
 marches to retake Gingee ; 
 
 furrounds it rz 
 
 is murdered by the Nabobs 
 
 of Cadapah and Condanore in 
 concert with the French. They 
 plunder his tent, and divide 
 the fpoil at Pondichery 5 3 
 
 Nelloure, defcribed 176 
 
 Nizam Almuluck, Viceroy of the 
 
 Deckan 43 
 
 - dies, and leaves four fons, 
 
 Gauzedey Cawn, Nazirzing, 
 
 Salabatzing and Nizam Allee 
 
 43 
 
 O 
 
 OMrahs, their cowardice and 
 treachery 1 88 
 
 their defign againft the life 
 
 of Amet Shaw ; are out-witted 
 
 by him 1 89 
 
 ——are put privately to death 
 
 190 
 
 Opium, given both to men and 
 
 horfes to ferve inftead of food, 
 
 as it damps the appetite and 
 
 enables them to endure fatigue 
 
 See Introdudion 
 
 Order under the Vizier's, &c. 
 
 329 
 Origin of the war 41 
 
 Ormus defcribed 332 
 
 built by the Portuguefe, 
 
 who are expelled by the Per- 
 
 fians and Englifli Traders ibid. 
 
 Outremalour, fortification de- 
 
 ftroyed by Col. Aldercron 1 78 
 
INDEX. 
 
 T} Alk Mr. in company with the 
 
 X Nabob and Col. Lawrence, 
 goes to the King of Tanjore's 
 court 92 
 
 - - — QomniilHoned with Col. 
 Lawrence to treat with the 
 King ot' MaiiTore 95 
 
 — fucceeds with the King 
 
 of Tanjore, and engages him 
 to fend 30:0 horle and 2000 
 Sepoys to join Col. Lawrence 
 
 97 
 appointed one of the 
 
 ConimifTaries to treat with the 
 
 French, and goes to the con- 
 
 grefs at Sadrafs 1 1 2 
 
 15 unfuccefsfiil at Tan- 
 
 jore, occafioned by the trea- 
 chery of his Liriguift 1 1 7 
 
 *^ fuccceds with the King 
 
 of Tanjore "to fend his ca- 
 
 ' valry to join Col- Lawrence's 
 army 122 
 
 — influences the King of 
 
 Tanjore to rertore Monagee, 
 wliom he makes Prime Mini- 
 (ler and appoints Commander 
 m Chief of his army 123 
 
 ■ fent with Mr. Vanfit- 
 
 tart to Pondichery and they 
 return with the treaty and 
 truce 128 
 
 — — deputed with Col. 
 
 Lawrence and A'lr. Walih to 
 
 invite the Nabob to Madrafs 
 
 148 
 
 Pattans, defcribed 187 
 
 good foldiers 1 88 
 
 — invade the Mogul's 
 
 empire 339 
 
 defeat Shaw Abadin 
 
 Cawn, and place Timur on 
 the Mogul's throne 341 
 
 Perwana, granted to Air. Spencer 
 321 
 
 &c. .324 
 
 under the coochuck, or 
 
 fmall feal, to Mr. Spencer, to 
 proreft the inhabitants, mer- 
 chants, pilgrims and trade of 
 Surat 326 
 
 under the fmall feal, 
 
 to Mr. Spencer, for haftening 
 the remittances from Surat to 
 the Mogul 327 
 
 Peelagee, a Bramin, ufurps the 
 government of Guzarat over 
 the Marattas 138 
 
 Pharrafs Cawn, Deputy Gover- 
 nor of Surat, is propofed Go- 
 vernor 3 1 1 
 
 Phirmaund, (firman) or order, 
 under the great Mogul's feal 
 and underfealed by his Viiier ; 
 for the Company's holding the 
 government of the caftle of 
 Surat 327 
 
 PIgot Mr. Governor of Ma- 
 rafs, his behaviour ; diftri- 
 butes 50000 roupees to the. 
 garrifon 229 
 
 Pocock, Adm. his fleet fails from 
 Madrafs in quell of the French 
 fleet 192 
 
 — comes up with and en- 
 gages them on the 2ifl: of 
 April, 1758 ibid. 
 
 repairs his damages at 
 
 Madrafs, and fails in quell of 
 the French fleet which he 
 finds in Pondichery road 1 9 5 
 
 is prevented from com- 
 ing up with them for many 
 days ibid. 
 
 returns to Madrafs 
 
 road 196 
 
 — difcovers the French 
 
 fleet in Pondichery road, and 
 makes flgnals tochace them 203 
 
 "^ engages the French 
 
 fleet the third of Augull, 
 «7j7 205- 
 
 • his fleet anchor off" 
 
 Carical 20b 
 
 Pocock, 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Pocock, Adm. refits his fquadron 
 at Bombay, and fails for the 
 coast of Coromandel 342 
 
 • ciulfes off Pondichery 342 
 
 • — -waters his fleet at Trinco- 
 nialay ibid. 
 
 • difcovers the French fleet 
 
 and chafes them idid. 
 
 • ma-kes a fignal for a general 
 
 chafe 345 
 
 - — makes a figrnal for the line 
 of battle, which the French 
 avoid by hazy weather 
 
 346 
 
 • difcovers the enemy's fleet, 
 
 and both make the fignal for 
 battle and engage 346 
 
 • anchors with his fleet in Ne- 
 
 gapatam road, and repairs, his 
 damages 348 
 
 • receives a letter from the 
 
 governor and Council of fort 
 St. George ibid. 
 
 — — fails from Negapatam road 
 and difcovers the French fleet 
 in Pondichery road 3^9 
 
 I I obliged to leave off the 
 chafe and return to Madrafs 
 to water his fleet for his voyage 
 to Bombay before the change 
 of the Monfoon 3 5 1 
 
 •"—detaches Rear Admiral Cor- 
 nifh with {i.x fhips for the coaft 
 of Coromandel 352 
 
 ' detaches Rear Adm. Ste- 
 vens from Bombay With four 
 fhips for the coalt of Coro- 
 mandel 353 
 
 receives orders to return to 
 
 England ibid. 
 
 — — anchors at Anjengo and fails 
 for England 354 
 
 » ' arrives at St. Helena, and 
 waits to convoy a large fleet of 
 India fhips : arrives fafe in the 
 Downs ibid. 
 
 Polier Capt. prevents the enemy 
 
 from cutting off his retreat 
 
 119 
 
 — cannonades them.gatns a vi^cy 
 and retreats in good order 120 
 
 ■ conducts the Nabob to his 
 
 capital 147 
 
 commands the troops '\n fort 
 
 St. David v/hen it furrendered 
 to M. Lally ; figns the Capi- 
 tulation 201 
 
 takes Outremalour 178 
 
 to wipe off his difgrace for 
 
 the lots of fort St. David, offers 
 
 to go a volunteer with Col. 
 
 Draper in a fally from Madrafs 
 
 202 
 
 Polygar of Marava offers a free 
 
 faffage for the Englifh troops, 
 nd invites them to fettb in his 
 country 145 
 
 Prefl:on Capt. cuts ofi^ M. Lally'3 
 fupplies, and greatly harraffes 
 him during the fiege of Ma- 
 drafs 22 i 
 
 intercepts a convoy of the 
 
 enemy's ftores, &c. 235 
 
 Priells the Bramins, abfblve theii' 
 warriors by facrificing of a Buf- 
 falo 139 
 
 Q. 
 
 OUeenborough takes the Ru- 
 by, a French fnow 206 
 R 
 Aja, or nominal Prince of 
 the Marattas, defcribed 138 
 Raja of Vifanapore, imprifons the 
 French Chief, plucks down 
 their colours and hoifl the 
 Englilh 291 
 
 ■ 'applies to Col. Cli ve at Cal- 
 cutta for alfiftance to free him 
 from French tyranny 291 
 
 troops more intent upon 
 
 plundering the enemy's camp 
 
 than lighting 297 
 
 Raja of Narllpore, joins his troops 
 
 with Col. Forde's army 30O 
 
 Rajamundry, given to the Englifh 
 
 by the Raja of Vifanapore 294 
 
 ——defcribed 298 
 
 - — ► taken by the French 302 
 
 F Raillard 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Raillard Lieut, fent to the relief 
 of Tagada 358 
 
 • isdefeited by the horfe arid 
 
 Sepoys ibid. 
 
 — — Joles his guns, is routed and 
 deftroys himfelf ibid. 
 
 Recruits, unufed to the climate, 
 fome drop down dead after a 
 march of eight niiles 2S9 
 
 Refleftions on the ficge of fort St. 
 George 28; 
 
 Reprefentaticn made to the Mo- 
 gul, by Mr. Spencer, in behalt 
 of theEngliih Eaft-India Com- 
 pany 3ZI 
 
 SAdet Allee Cawn, Nabob of 
 Arcot 42 
 
 Saha Raja, the nominal Prince 
 ef the Marattas 1 3 S 
 
 St David fort, invefted by the 
 French « 96 
 
 • furrenders 198 
 
 St. Thomas's Mount, defcribed 
 
 , 215 
 
 Salabatzing, proclaimed by the 
 
 French Viceroy of the Deckan 
 
 54 
 
 • in oppodtion to Gauzedy 
 
 Cawn, appointed by the Mogul 
 i 10 
 
 . his charafler i 3 6 
 
 .——he, with M. De Buffy and 
 Lav/, enter the Kingdom of 
 Maiflbre, and raife a coniribu- 
 tion of fifty-two lack of rou- 
 pees >45 
 
 . difcards M De Bufly 165 
 
 writes to the Governor of 
 
 Madrafs, for his aiiiftance to 
 oppofe the French ibid. 
 
 • is deprived of afliftance by 
 
 the lofs of Calcutta 166 
 
 — — comes to terms with the 
 French 167 
 
 • — —quits the French intereft, 
 and meets his brother Nizam 
 Ailee at Hydrabad 305 
 
 treats with the Englilh, and 
 
 grants them Mafulipatam, Ni- 
 zampatam, and obliges the 
 French troops to leave the 
 country 305 
 
 •"Salilbury, fprings a leak and is in 
 great didrefs 352 
 
 Saunders Mr. Governor of Fort 
 Sc. George, arrives at Madrafs 
 
 endeavours to negotiate a 
 
 peace with M. Duplei.K 1 1 2 
 
 agrees with Mr. Godeheu 
 
 on a fufpenlion of arms 1 26 
 
 •~- — entertains the Nabob at Ma- 
 drafs 1 4.S 
 
 complains to Mr. Godeheu 
 
 of Nanderauze's breach of the 
 fufpenfion 162 
 
 Sauifay De, Commander of the 
 French at Seringam, refufes to 
 join Nanderauze in an attack on 
 Trichinopoiy during the fuf- 
 peniion of arms 146 
 
 comnmnicates the defign to 
 
 Major Killpatrick 1 47 
 
 Schaub's Captain, company fent 
 in boats from Madrats for Fort 
 St. David, are taken by the 
 French and carried into Pondi- 
 chery 80 
 
 Seringam ifland, defcribed 60 
 
 Seringam pagoda's, defcribed 61 
 
 — — occupied by tlie enemy 62 
 Severndroog, defcribed 157 
 
 — - attacked, burnt and taken, 
 by Commodore James ibid. 
 
 Shafifljury arrives at Fort St. 
 
 George from Bonibay 268 
 Smith Capt. fends a reintbrcement 
 
 to Tagada 357 
 furprizes a French convoy 
 
 35? 
 
 attacks Seringam, and is 
 
 wounded 360 
 
 Smith Capt. Is joined by the King 
 
 of Tanjore and Toiideman ibid, 
 
 Siddee, Admiral of the Mogul's 
 
 lieet. 
 
I N D 
 
 fleet, refides at Dundee Ra- 
 
 japore 308 
 
 Somerfet Captain, wounded in his 
 
 ankle 34S 
 
 Spencer Mr. prevents the Marat- 
 tas from joining the Siddee br 
 Meah Atehurid ~ 320 
 
 Shaw Abadin Cawn, his afcen- 
 dency over the Moguls re- 
 folves to murder him 339,340 
 
 ■ employs two Moors to mur- 
 der the Mogul 341 
 
 confines all the fons and 
 
 friends of the Mogu 1, and places 
 on the throne one of the Mo- 
 gul's relations ibid. 
 
 joins an army of Marattas 
 
 ibid. 
 
 is defeated and routed twice 
 
 bythePattans ibid. 
 
 Stevens Rear Admiral, command 
 ofthe fleet devolvcson him 353 
 
 retakes three Erglifti veileis 
 
 from the Malwans, piirites, and 
 fails to thecoaft of Coron:andel 
 
 Surat, inhabitants, invite the Eng- 
 lifli to take poffeilion of the 
 caftle, in order to preierve their 
 property 3 f 2 
 
 Surat caftle and tanka, delivered 
 up to the Englifn 316 
 
 Surat guns, &c. found in the 
 catlle, given to the Englifti 
 couipany 3 1 8 
 
 Sufpenfion of arms, articles of, 
 &c. 126 
 
 T 
 
 Agada fort, furrendered to 
 the French on honourable 
 
 terms 359 
 Tanjore, defcribed 63 
 kingdom of, its extent and 
 
 revenues ibid. 
 
 . — ' — and Tondeman's troops to 
 
 join the EngliJh 65 
 
 — — troops, commanded by Mo- 
 
 nagee, re take Koiiaddy 7 1 
 
 E X. 
 
 King, promifes to join Col. 
 
 Lawrence,and deceives him 88 
 
 King, his fplendid court 92 
 
 troops, join the Englifli army, 
 
 and leave it the fame d?y 93 
 
 horfe, inftead of puriuingthe 
 
 enemy, plunder their camp 105 
 
 King, threatened by Nande- 
 
 rauze to have his country laid 
 watte, if he did not quit his en- 
 gagements with the Engllih ic6 
 
 troops, commanded by Mo- 
 
 nagee, defeat the Marattas, and 
 take eight hundred horfe 1 1 z 
 troops di(banded by the ad- 
 vice of Succogee ibid. 
 
 in the French intereft 1 1 7 
 
 troops, under Monagee, join 
 
 theEngliih 124 
 
 King, his charadler 136 
 
 ——King, and Tendeman proteil 
 again ft the Engliih treating with 
 the Marava 145 
 
 King, infills on the reftitu- 
 
 tion of his country taken from 
 him by the Polygar of Marava 
 162 
 alfo two diftrifts that Mona- 
 gee had conveyed to Tonde- 
 man ibid. 
 
 King, confents that the 
 
 French fnould pafs through 
 his country, offers them a fmall 
 fbm of money, but reftifes 
 chera ii:^' troops 309 
 confines the twoFi-ench h ou- 
 tages, and in a fally defeats the 
 French arniy 2 1 1 
 chic;'.neryto Major Caillaud 
 
 ^ . -'9 
 
 Tanjoreans, make a fucctfsfiil 
 
 fally, rout M. Lally's army, of 
 
 tv.'^o thoufand three hundred 
 
 and feventy French, and raife 
 
 the flege of 1 : ijore 2 1 1 
 
 Tondeman's caarader 137 
 
 Trichinopoly King of, dies 42 
 
 three coiiiDCtitors for the 
 
 throne 
 
 ibid. 
 Trichinopoly 
 
IN D E X. 
 
 Tricliinopoly Queen, imprifoned 
 by Chunda-Saib, burns the Al- 
 coran, on which he fwore to be 
 true to her, and poifons herfelf 
 ibid. 
 
 I government changed, and 
 becomes dependant on the Na- 
 bob of Arcot 43 
 
 — — taken by the Marattas ibid. 
 
 — — defcribed 58 
 
 — — garrifon makes a (ally, and 
 diftreffes the French in their 
 retreat 105 
 
 »■ reinforced 1 og 
 
 — • — in diftrefs for want of provi- 
 fion and fuel 1 1 5 
 
 ■ reinforced from Fort St. 
 
 David 174 
 
 — — its importance 175 
 
 Tripety feaft, defcribed 185 
 
 Trivedy, taken by the French 5 1 
 
 garrifon, fally out on the 
 
 French, and are put to the 
 
 fword 95 
 
 — — furrenders to the French 
 ibid. 
 
 Truce, figned by Governor Saun- 
 ders and Sieur Godeheu 1 3 1 
 
 V 
 
 VAnfittart Mr. appointed one 
 of the commiflaries to treat 
 with the French, and goes to 
 the congrefs at Sadrafs 1 1 2 
 ■■ difcovers Dupleix's forgery 
 of the Mogul s laneds 1 1 4 
 
 fent with Mr. Palk to Po«idI- 
 
 chery, and returns with the 
 treaty and truce 1 28 
 
 VafTerot De, Captain, with ten 
 troopers, performs a gallant 
 action 22 1 
 
 lays wafte the bounds of 
 
 Pondichery 370 
 
 Vifagapatam, fummoned by M. 
 de BufTy, and furrendered 167 
 
 Volconda Governor of, declares 
 for the French 55 
 
 W 
 
 WAndewalh, taken by Col. 
 Adlercron, and evacuates 
 it 179 
 
 — ■ — taken by the Englifli 36 1 
 battle near, gained by Col. 
 Coote 368 
 
 Watfon Admiral, arrives at Ma- 
 drafs with a fleet Jroni England 
 126 
 — — commands the Englifli fleet 
 againft the pirates on the Ma- 
 labar coaft 1 5 2 
 
 arrives at Bombay 1 59 
 
 fummons the fort of Geriah 
 
 to furrender, but receives no 
 anfwer 1 60 
 
 filences their batteries and 
 
 burns Angria's fleet, and takes 
 the place ibid. 
 
 Weyaconda, attacked and batter- 
 ed in breach, efcaladed, and 
 taken by Col. Lawrence 105 
 Wood Capt. routs Zulapher- 
 zing's forces, and takes his camp 
 374 
 
 FINIS. 
 
\ 
 
■'/f?^//