SJOUKE GABBES A DUTCH SOURCE FOR ROBINSON CRUSOE LUCIUS L. HUBBARD DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Treasure %oom Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Duke University Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/dutchsourceforroOOsmee SJOUKE GABBES m iSvncle oen podeelte van li<'t ouUekfinAe mm ^SSÊêOÊÊSÊSSSSSm PLATE I. FRONTISPIECE TO KRINKE KESMES, DUTCH EDITION, 1708 A DUTCH SOURCE FOR ROBINSON CRUSOE THE NARRATIVE OF THE EL-HO "SJOUKE GABBES" (ALSO KNOWN AS HENRICH TEXEL) AN EPISODE FROM THE DESCRIPTION OF THE MIGHTY KINGDOM OF KRINKE KESMES, Et cetera BY HENDRIK SMEEKS 1708 TRANSLATED FROM THE DUTCH AND COMPARED WITH THE STORY OF ROBINSON CRUSOE BY LUCIUS L. HUBBARD AUTHOR OF "WOODS AND LAKES OF MAINE" "CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF GULUVER'S TRAVELS." El cetera ANN ARBOR GEORGE WAHR, PUBLISHER 1921 Copyright 19S1 by L. L. Hubbard One hundred and twenty-five copies of this book have been printed for Holland, with a title-page in Dutch. To the People of Holland this little book is respectfully inscribed in the hope that it may help award to one of their countrymen the meed that is justly his "'^602'^ ocbVZci CONTENTS PAGE List of Illustrations ix Apropos xi Preface xiii Introduction xix The Narrative of Sjouke Gabbes com- pared WITH that of Robinson Crusoe i De Historie van den El-ho [Sjoub:e Gabbes] Ill LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS PAGE PLATE I. Frontispiece to Krinke Kesmes, Dutch EDITION, 1708 Front. PLATE II. Title page to Krinke Kesmes, Dutch EDITION, 1708 xxii PLATE III. Final page of Introduction to Krinke Kesmes, 1708, WITH Smeeks's protest xxiv PLATE IV. Manuscript page in Smeeks's hand- writing XXV PLATE V. Page 229 from Krinke Kesmes, 1708, with Smeeks's notes xxvi PLATE VI. Title page to the El-ho's story, Ger- man edition, 1721 xx\aii PLATE VII. Frontispiece to the El-ho's story, German edition, 1721 xxix APROPOS "Beaucoup de nos Modernes ne lui sembloient que les éehos d'autres Savans. . . Quand je lui demandois pourquoi done il lisoit les ouvrages d'autrui, il me répondit que c'étoit pour con- noitre les larcins d'autrui, et que, s'il eut été juge de ces sortes de crimes, il y auroit établi des peines plus rigoreuses que celles dont on punit les voleurs de grands chemins ; a cause que, la gloire étant quelque chose de plus précieux qu'un habit, qu'un cheval, et même que de I'or, ceux qui s'en acquièrent par des livres qu'ils composent de ce qu'ils dérobent chez les autres étoient comme des voleurs de grands chemins, qui se parent aux dépens de ceux qu'ils déval- isent," etc. (Preface of Henri Lebret ainé, in Cyrano de Bergerac 's Histoire Comique des États et Empires de la Lune et du Soleil, Paris, Gamier Frères, page 85 (1875). PREFACE The translation of a Dutch boy's story which is the subject of the following pages, and a careful reexamination of the narra- tive of Robinson Crusoe, brought to the writer the conviction that the latter, in its setting, in many of the incidents which it chronicles, and in the traits and activities of its hero, bears a telling and suspicious resemblance to the former, which preceded it by eleven years, — enough of a resem- blance to justify the query: ''Is not the earlier story in fact, and ought it not of right to be considered, the pattern after which ''Robinson" was molded"?" The lapse of two hundred years may seem to have confirmed title in Defoe, first, to originality for the best conception ex- tant of a story of solitary life in the wilder- ness, and, second, to superiority for the manner in which the literary part of that conception is worked out. If at this late day the right to either of these heritages be contested, it will not do for the ad- [xiv] Sjouke Gahhes herents of Defoe to plead the statute of limitations. The issue must be met fairly and decided on the facts. With the second of these points, except where the two may be deemed inseparable, we are not here particularly concerned. The title to literary superiority will have to be decided on expert testimony by the Court. There is a good deal of force ex- pressed by Hirtius, the friend of Julius Caesar, and supposed author of parts of the Commentaries, when he says: ^^ Con- stat enim inter omnes, nihil tarn operose ah aliis esse perfectum, quod non horum ele- gantia comment ariorum superetur." {Bell. Gall. 8, Praef. 4; quoted by Sanders in Die Quellencontamination im 21. und 22. Buche des Livius. Berlin, 1898, p. 12.) This sentiment applies as well to imitators as to commentators. The habit of literary imitation seems to have originated long before the Christian era, and to have been prevalent until after Defoe's time. "While artistic imitation was thus recognized and approved by ancient critical opinion, plag- iarism was condemned. The ancients un- derstood by plagiarism close verbal imita- Preface [xv] tion or even free paraphrase, especially if the imitator made no direct acknowledg- ment of his sources, or even deliberately concealed tliem."^ On the first point, however, we purpose to go to the Jury, and our evidence will be the Dutch boy 's narrative and parallel pas- sages from ''Eobinson." There will be a good many thoughts and phrases common to the two narratives that a priori need not imply imitation on Defoe 's part. Their sig- nificance lies in the fact that they go to make up essential parts in two works that we are trying to compare by the test of originality. But these thoughts may inferentially be- come more important, if we find that other thoughts have unmistakably been taken by Defoe from the earlier author. The num- ber of such appropriations may be found to be so great, that '' Robinson" will have to be regarded as an imitation, and the credit for originality in the common motif that underlies the two stories will rightly be accorded to Smeeks. 1 Cf. Lucili/us and Horace : A Study in the Classical Theory of Imitation. George Converse Fiske, Univer- sity of Wisconsin Studies, No. 71, 1920, p. 27. [xvi] Sjouke Gabhes In connection with this tiianslation, a perusal of the scanty printed comments on the Dutch story, and frequent converse with scholars of English, have revealed to the writer an amazing and widespread ignorance of the existence either of the story or of the comments. That a claim to priority against ''Eobinson," made in 1910, in a high-class foreign magazine, should not have become known to the gen- eral English-speaking public, might be ex- pected, but that it should not have filtered through into university and other literary circles in ten years, because it was made in Dutch, points to an inexcusable neglect of that language in our institutions of higher learning in this age of culture. The work on this translation, while in progress, also has naturally suggested some by-paths that might appropriately be explored at the same time that the main avenue was being investigated that leads to Defoe's knowledge of the earlier story. But the writer must leave that task — or pleasure — to experts in this particular field, and content himself with the privilege of laying before the public without further Preface [xvii] delay the original text, its translation into English now first made after two hundred years, and such other material as, in spite of drawbacks, he has been able to assemble, and which, together, in his opinion, go far to justify and confirm the conclusions al- ready reached, and claims made, by Dutch investigators before him. These he offers here, not in any sense as exhaustive of the subject, but rather as a contribution to the literature of ''Eobinson." He begs, finally, to acknowledge with gratitude his debt, for their aid in render- ing his translation accurate, to Professor and Mrs. J. G. Winter, Professor M. W. Senstius, Mr. Victor E. Van Ameringen; to Doctor Henry C. Hutchins, for friendly criticisms ; and not least of all to Professor F. N. Scott, for helpful sugestions and en- couragement. Lucius L. Hubbaed Houghton, Michigan July, 1921 INTRODUCTION To readers of Robinson Crusoe who are famil- iar with the story of Alexander Selkirk the statement will perhaps come as a surprise, that the experiences of Selkirk on the island of Juan Fernandez may not have furnished the motif for "Robinson" nor anything more than some "meag-re outlines" for it, if they did even that.^ In fact, the only materials of consequence com- mon to the two narratives are the goats and tame kids, the goat-skin clothing, the recording of time by notches in wood, the study of the Bible, and religious contemplation, and even these may have been taken by Defoe from other sources. For example, we know from the Bucaniers of America, published in Dutch in 1678, and in English, first in 1684, that the island of His- paniola^ furnished wild bulls and cows to the pirates that infested the West Indies. From bulls to goats is not a far cry, and the use of the skins of wild animals for clothing has been of course known from primitive ages. Again, keep- 1 Hettner, Eobinson und die Eobinsonaden. Vortrag, Berlin, 1854. Eeprinted in Litt. Gesch. d. 18. Jahrh., 1865, I, p. 305. 2 Haiti or Santo Domingo. [xix] [xx] Sjouke Gahhes ing an account of time by means of notches in wood was done by Simplicissimus,^ who also made pottery, had his daily employments, and gave expression of other ideas found in ' ' Robin- son." Daniel Defoe according to one of his biog- raphers was a "born tradesman, always writing for the market, always keeping a steady eye on the main chance, ' '* and it was probably the wide interest awakened by Selkirk's experience as re- ported by Woodes Rogers ^ that quickened, but did not necessarily originate, in Defoe the im- pulse to take up and work out a theme along similar lines. Captain Rogers out of his own experience possibly contributed the currents that swept past Selkirk's island, or the third voyage of Columbus may have been responsible for that incident, since its track was across the outflowing waters of the Orinoco. Indeed, even with these exceptions, the incidents recorded by Robinson may not all have been original with Defoe. They may have come from sources little known, or generally forgotten in his time. At any rate, Rogers had brought back from the South Sea a tale of solitary life on a desert island; had seen ^ Der Ahenteuerliche Simplicissimus. Grimmelshaua- en. Repr. Halle, 1902, VI, 19, et seq. 4 The Life of Daniel Defoe. "Wright. London, 1894. 5 A Cruising Voyage round the World. London, 1712; Second Ed., 1718. Introduction [xxi] its hero, and printed an account of him, which was then recently in its second edition, and that an English-speaking public should see in that account the source of Defoe's story, was, under the circumstances, quite natural and quite suffi- cient. Any search for other sources probably did not occur even to scholars of Defoe's day, and the lapse of time has brought with it the accumulating plaudits of generations of readers, for the manner in which he has invested his Robinson with interest, and humanized him. The literary studies of Cyrano de Bergerac, as we have seen on an earlier page, were directed chiefly to ascertain the sources from which writ- ers derived their material,*^ which is an indirect way of re-stating the trite assertion that there is nothing new under the sun. Literary piracy seems to have been prevalent in Cyrano's day. It was with some such thought in his mind too, that Ten Brink ^ took up the consideration of Robinson, but he soon dismissed the search for an antecedent prototype as useless, for the reason that Defoe's creation was so completely original! The purpose of these pages is not to review in extenso the Robinsonian literature, but to con- fine our attention principally to one source from ^Gulliver's Travels and other worls by Jonathan Swift. Henry Morley. London, 1906, p. 421, ■r Eomans in Proza. Leiden, [1899], Afl. VII, p. 414. [xxii] Sjouke Gahhes which Defoe appears to have drawn much of his material, and possibly his inspiration also. Shipwreck or abandonment, followed by exist- ence on an island, isolated from human societ}^, was not a novelty even in Selkirk's time. The publications of his day contained examples of it, some real, — in voyages of discovery, — and some imaginary. Among the latter is the sub- ject of these pages, a story of paramount interest to which Staverman* called attention in 1907. It is the narrative of a Dutch cabin boy, who, aban- doned on Krinke Kesmes, an island in the South Sea, for many years maintained his exist- ence just as, eleven years later, Robinson is reported to have done in the other hem- isphere. A perusal of this story, which forms part of a book published in Holland in 1708, and its comparison with Robinson, will disclose resemblances already noted in our pref- ace, which are more or less disguised in places under cover of a mannerism or method, peculiar to the Robinson narrative when it repeats state- ments previously made in its own pages. There can be no reasonable doubt that Defoe knew this book, and perhaps little, that he had it by him when he wrote parts of his Robinson, but of this 8 Cf. Eobinso7i Crusoe in Nederland. W. H. Staver- man. Groningen, 1907, pp. 45, 51. BESCHRYVINGE Van het magtig Koningryk KRINKE KESMES- ' Zynde een groot, en vcele kkindero Eilanden daar aan hore^ide j Makende te zamen een gedeelte van het onbekende Z U I D L A N D. Gelegen onder den Tropicus Capricornus, Ontdekt door den Heer "• J U A N DE P o S o S, En p.it deszelfs Schriften te zamen ge fielt Door H. SMEEK S^ Te AMSTE RDAM, By N I COL A AS tenHho O R N, i5oekvcrkooper,ovcr 't OudeHecrcn Logement, 1 70S, ■V / '-'" -" '•- PLATK II. TITLK PACK TO KKINKK KK.SMKS, DUTCH f:i)ITIOX. 1708 Introduction [xxiii] the reader will be able to judge for himself.^ The narrative of the Dutch cabin boy was, in part, reprinted by Hoogewerff in 1909,^'' and in a free translation in German, in its entirety, by Max Lehnert in 1920."^ The book opens with an account of the early life of the supposed narrator, Juan de Posos, gives a description of ship scurvy, and then the narrator, after a discussion of voyages of discov- ery, a reference to engineering work on the Texel Stroom, and to some other, personal matters, pro- 9 The title of the work in question, translated into English, is as follows: Description / of the mighty kingdom / Krinke Kesmes. / Being one large, and many smaller / islands thereto belonging; / Making together a part of the / imknown / SOUTHLAND / situated under the tropic of Capricorn. / Discovered by Mr. / Juan de Posos, / and composed from his writings / by H. SMEEKS. / (Print- er's device) / Amsterdam, / At Nicolaas ten Hoorn 's / Bookseller, over the Old Gentlemen's Inn, 1708. / Collation: Pp. — front, t.p. (verso blank); introd. vi (imn.) ; chapter-contents, vi (unn.), 286; 15i/^ cm. (Pis. I and II.) Four Dutch editions are known, of 1708, 1721, 1732, and 1776, respectively. The edition of 1732 has only recently turned up. 10 Eeti N ederlandsche Bron van den Eobinson Crusoe. Onze Eeuw, IX, 9, Sept. 1909, p. 399. T-oa-Bohinsonaden, Band V. der Böhmische Eobinson sowie der Hollandische Eobinson. Raben-Verlag, Char- lottenburg. [xxiv] 8jouke Gabhes ceeds to detail his business affairs and final de- parture from Panama for the Philippine Islands, on a trading voyage. His ship meets with a storm and is driven to the coast of an unknown country, — the South- land, — where a squad of men under command of De Posos is set on land to make a reconnais- sance. The party is taken prisoner by the in- habitants of Krinke Kesmes, treated well, and after mutual trading, suffered to depart. In the interval the narrator utilizes his stay in an im- portant city, Taloujaël, to inspect the public buildings and learn the history, government, and customs of the people. Philosophical discussions between two academies, for men and women re- spectively, are introduced into the narrative, and a great many proverbs are given on silence, religion, education, and against drunkenness, which constitute the precepts by which, in addi- tion to five fundamental laws, the lives of these people are regulated, and lend to this part of the book the character of a Utopia. A good deal of Cartesian doctrine is embodied in the proverbs on religion and in the discussions between the Dutch leader and his cicerone, the **garbon" or overseer. Of the author, Hendrik Smeeks, little is known except that he was a surgeon and lived at Zwolle (in Overyssel), as the signature to his preface rr^ VOOR-REEDEN. tekeningen gemaakt wegens de ftro- men, Havens, Hoofden enz. van 't Texel-flroom , metecnigeflellingcn om onze landen voor verder inbreuk v^an 't water te dekkcn.Hy heef r ook een niet onkundige bcfchry vinge van dcSchceps Scheurbuik gedaan, mcc eenige aan- wyzing om die kwaal te bonnen voorkomen enz Voor de red behoefd de Leezer gene hoogdravende flyl te verwag- ten , vermits de Schryver meer op de zaak zelf als op cene ficrlyke fchryfwyze gelet heeft; en het den Zeeman meer eigen is zakelykhedcn voor te (lellen , dan een opgepronk- re taaie te gebruiken. Doorleeft, merkt op , en doet *er u voordeel mede. ni tAVC»^'*CVcAi. ».J;£Ul^ ÏN- 'U-: OF IXTKODtCTION TO KRINKK KKS.MKS 1708 WITH SMKEKS'S PROTEST ""L ii^^m^^—^mm 'Jö-t%^aX' ^ii*-^*^ tcfi&x^i? 'Jk- 1) aujuk^ »-cti= ^v 2/ fcxJ^'DiUr ^WA>-- -^^ «-^^^ w \>xxrz ^ "^^Öv^.*^ vx^jL*. ,5-i&A>^ Kn^c^Jt) ^3^ PLATE IV. MANUSCRIPT PAGE IN SMEEKS'S HANDWRITING, WITH HIS SIGNATURE Introduction [xxv] indicates (PI. Ill), and died in 1721, at an ad- vanced age." In his earlier life he had probably- had a good deal of experience at sea.^^ The name "Kesmes" is an anagram for Smeeks, and the names of the academies, Nemnan and Wonvure, stand for "Mannen" and "Vrouwen" respect- ively, as Staverman points out. In the Royal Library at The Hague there is a copy of the first edition of "Krinke Kesmes" that belonged to Smeeks himself. From notes in it made in his handwriting we learn, among other things, that the actual preface in his book was written by the publisher, and substituted for one prepared by Smeeks, for on the last page of the former, Smeeks in pen and ink has entered his protest in these words: "This preface has my name printed under it, but I neither com- posed it, nor ever saw it before it was printed" (PI. III). On sheets pasted on the opposite and subsequent pages is a statement, which relates to the same subject: "My introduction to the reader, which I sent to Ten Hoorn, to have printed for this little book, with permission to alter the style, is as follows. ' ' Then come three pages headed "To the Reader" (PL IV), with Smeeks 's signature, and his modest reply to Ten Hoorn 's remark that Smeeks 's introduction was 11 Staverman, loc. cit., p. 54. 12 Nog ecus de N ederlandsclie Bran van de Eoimson Crusoe. Naber. Onze Eeuw, X, 3. March, 1910, p. 428. [xxvi] Sjouke Gahhes the work of a child — "I have never given my- self out for a wise man. ' ' ^^ Opposite the frontispiece we find in a different handwriting from that of Smeeks, but curiously enough signed "H. S.," the following evidence of censor- ship : [I have] "read this little work with the written notes and additions, in the year 1775, and not only found that there is Cartesian senti- ment in it, but that also the opinions of two doc- tors, Bontekoe and Overkamp, are ridiculed, and therefore it is evident to me that the little work is full of pernicious things concerning re- ligion. Eead, 1775. On p. 6 in the second manuscript there is a statement about Dr. Corn : Bontekoe and his work." " So much for the book and its author. De Posos, during his stay in Taloujaël, meets a Dutchman called the Elho or Freeman, and by him is given a written account of the Elho's arrival in Krinke Kesmes as a cabin boy, on a desolate part of the island, and of his years of 13 The writer is under obligations to Baron Mulert of Ommen, and to Mr. Posthumus of The Hague, for tran- scripts and photographs of these inscriptions. The "book in question is filled -with notes, some of which appear to have been made in contemplation of a new edition. (PI. V.) 14 Dr. Bontekoe was a medical man, but wrote on meta- physical subjects, as appears in the passages written by Smeeks, indicated in the censor's postscript. flanhangende ; zijn Mantel was vol Oogeji en Goren, onder zijn O.'^els Ii-iddc hy Boe- ken, Papier, Pennen, Inkt, Pcnzcclcn, cji Verf; in zijn regterPoQt hield hy een Schaa- k, die hy geduurig in baljins zogt te hou- den, mee nu in de cene, dan in 'de andere blaazende, in zijn linker Poot hield hv ccij Touw, daarEezeij, Bokken, enVerkens, met Buffels aangebonden waaren, uie heni goeuwilliL; ich.ecncn te volgen. ivv'-LW>i^i»ii;^ S^c- _ De Cii vj::?^hcid wierd hier verbeeld , door ^^^^3^- ecnm:viger W'^ijF, gekleed met Schaipe-vel- hii, waar onder heen een VVolfuir kijkt, in haar hand was een ^Boek en Paceraoi- tej-, i^ükpa^*- yu>féi/t p+^^- ;^'-W -L/ ts^X^i^»^ o^\.2u tm. - Daar ontrent ilond de Gieri^ieU , dic^^^-^^,^^^ v.';;s een oude, leiijke ma.igcre Caroüic van*-*-^"^»;?^ een Wijf, metireUrbcLiidcV.^^J-n i' Jecd.V^'^^'' Zijnde bloot- voces, kn:>;>pcnJ.c iv.a '>-''decy»/ÏU*t hundcn een vollcGéld- beurs Eoe3 b) h.i.ir ilond jf-W^Wv. een maageren Wolh ' yyttO/m. De Eedclheid^ was een fchoone VrouWf^^^S^JSïkl kofteli)k gekleed, hebbende inde ecne hand v*^-«^5^v.*5t een Lan(Je , in de andere het Vjccid van ^'^•f^^'^^^ ^•'"^y op haar hooi d waseen KjooiiC van SüerrS^ vj>J«. ren, voor haar op een laafel, laagen Kroo-4^^ nen geld , Boeken , en SAvaardcn . -^L i^^ Oi-n Oorioj v/as ccn gepaapend i^'kin,'^^^^ hebbende in oeecne bandeen Bloed -lvva;ird,vl!24.\-«^ t>u^ I PLATE V. PAGE 229 FROM KRINKE KESMES, 1708, SHOWING SMEEKS'S CORRECTIONS Introduction [xxvii] solitary existence in the wilderness. This episode is incorporated in the book between pages 125 and 192 — at least, in the first three editions — and constitutes a pre-Robinsonade/= from which, as we shall try to show, Defoe derived much of the material for his ''Robinson." In the Robinson literature we find an early reference to "Krinke Kesmes" in 1854, in the work of Hettner,^^ ^^^^ however, got his data from the German translation of 1721, and thought the story was an imitation of Robinson Crusoe — not its forerunner. In 1892 August Kippenberg " also considered Krinke Kesmes a Dutch imitation of Defoe ^« and gave it high rank. He points out some misprints in Hettner's notice, and appears erroneously to have thought that the episode had been printed in separate form. His confused and faulty recapitulation of the contents of the book, and other mistakes, show that he could not have con- sulted any of the Dutch editions.^^ He says that 15 We use the term ' ' Eobinsonade ' ' in the sense used by Dr. Hermann Ullrich — a story that portrays "in- sular isolation from human society" {Bohimon und Eoh- insonaden. Weimar, 1898, p. XIV) — and the prefix to indicate that it antedates E. C, 1719. 16 Z,oc. cit., Ill, 1, 323. -^T EoUmon in Deutschland bü sur Insel Felsenburg (1731-43), Hannover, 1892. 18 Ibid., p. 45. 19 He misapplies his pronouns; says that Pesos had [xxviii] Sjouke Gahhes the description of the country, in Krinke Kesmes, is "very strange and full of adventure, and is enlivened with journeys and learned discus- sions"; that the life of the hero of the episode can well have been based on experience. He ends by saying: "Although short, it is written with intuitive creative power, moves manifestly quite within the frame-work of the English Rob- inson, to which, however, it is materially inferior in depth and the art of description. ' ' ^^ Under " Nachahmungen des Originals (Robin- sonaden) " Ullrich lists the German editions: Leipzig, 1721 (Pis. VI and VII) ; Delitsch, 1748 ; Delitsch (1751) ; Schweinfort und Leipzig, 1776; Delitsch, 1776; and Leipzig, 1785. Be- neath the last named, in small tjT)e, is the state- ment : ' ' Our book is only a translation or rather a recast of a work that appeared before De- foe's," and then Ullrich gives the Dutch title of the original edition. On the same page he ascribes the written notes in the Hague copy to the * ' editor. " ^^ No further comments on the Dutch story appear to have been made by Ull- rich. 13 instead of 24 companions; assigns 64 pages to the episode; translates "Wakende Boey" by "Wakre Bote," &c., &c. 20 Hid., p. 47. 21 Loc. cit., p. 105. "lös" ROBINSON CRUSOE, JDie UfonUxè curieufm Avanturm HENRICHTEXELS SSJel(&« im 3a&r i6ss;öuf t>m mbt^^ wöen (Iet) öcrimt, unD i)afclb|t ahcin ^ in kr u«* 3irt)« €wföm!dt mif €lm wff ?tr unöerbörc SBdfè f. 177). ^^ [lii] Sjouke Gabhes limitations, we have the earlier conception of the so-called Robinson motif, told in a natural, simple, and sympathetic way, which retains our interest from beginning to end, and in places even awakens our emotions. THE NARRATIVE OF SJOUKE GAB- BES, COMPARED WITH THAT OF ROBINSON CRUSOE ^Page numbers refer to Krinke Kesmes] (125) Narrator reaches Batavia. Sails on the Wa- kende Boey to the South- land. To rescue survivors of the Goude Draak. KRINKE KESMES I was a lad of twelve years and could read and write when I arrived at Batavia as cabin boy in the Company's ^ service. This was in the year 1655. After I had been there three months I was one day ordered to repair with my sea-chest the next morning on board the ship, the Wakende Boey, which was to sail to the Southland to rescue the cast- aways of the ship, the Goude Drauk, which had been lost there, and bring them to Ba- tavia. On our arrival off the Southland we found the wreck of the ship, and fired KOBINSON CEUSOE [Quotations are from the third edi- tion of W. Taylor, London, 1719, ' ' lion type, ' ' i.e., the issue of that edition in which the tail-piece, p. 364, shows a lion — not a phoenix. Eeferences are to any of the Tay- lor editions, 1719- 1722. Volume I in those editions has 364 pages, so that any reference may be located in any other un- abridged edition by using the propor- tion 1 The Dutch East India Company. Narrative of Sjoiike Gahhes Barren prospect. (126) Party set ashore. Footprints (Cf. p. xlvi). three cannon shots to signal our presence, but there was no sign of anyone upon the strand. We therefore rowed to the shore with the long boat and the shallop to search for survivors from the lost ship, but it was all to no pur- pose; we found not a living person nor an animal, but only a naked sea coast, and a parched land full of thorns and thickets. Having searched on land one day in vain, on the next we sailed along the coast for some hours, firing a cannon- shot every bell. We set men on shore to seek again, who did not find anyone, although they saw some tracks of bare feet in the sand. The third day, we sailed again to the wreck. While we were riding at anchor a short distance from it, the boat was ordered to make an examination along the strand, in the hope that she might 364 whole no. of pages where "a." is the page given in our reference, and "x" the corre- sponding page in the other edition.] P. 61. " I found al- so that the Island I was in was bar- ren," etc. Compared with Rohinson Crusoe (127) find the missing crew of the Goude Draak; she was pro- vided with water, food and drink for several days, and proceeded from the ship along the coast. Of her re- turn I know not, nor whether she found the crew. Right after the departure of the long boat the shallop was sent ashore with twelve men to renew the search. I went along as cabin boy, eager also to get on land again, in the hope of finding something fresh, for I had been, as it were, shut up in the ship for a considerable time without any change of food. Under such circum- stances everybody longs for land and fresh food or fresh water. Boylike, I was glad enough at having come ashore with the party, and I gave little heed to the search for the crew of the Goude Draak; I was there for refreshment. 11. 255. "going often on Shore for Refreshment. ' ' Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes Wanders towards the interior. Lost in the forest On landing, we went into the interior, at a guess perhaps a three hours' walk, when we came to a wood. Here, my only thought was to look for fresh water or fruit. Like a boy, I quietly withdrew from my party without once think- ing, when I was in the wood, how I should get out of it again. Walking in the rear of the others, I screened my- self behind a bit of thicket and proceeded thus deeper in- to the forest, glad that our people were out of my sight. I lighted my pipe and smoked as I went, but after about an hour's search, finding no fruit nor anything else to eat or drink, I thought I would turn back and look for our party or the strand. I walked prob- ably two hours in an effort to get out of the forest, but the further I walked the more I went astray. I called, I shouted, I screamed until I was hoarse. I was filled with Compared with Rohinson Crusoe fear and terror, and my anxi- ety was inexpressible. Now, for the first time, I realized that I was only a child and had done a childish act, which produced in me the most pain- ful repentance. What should I do ? I was tired from walk- ing, hoarse from screaming, disheartened and dejected. I threw myself on to the ground under a tree, sobbing, moan- ing, and praying God that he would help me. Evening (128) came and I fell asleep from weariness. When I awoke, I was thoroughly cold, and the darkness aroused in me such sjection fear and terror that my hair "^ ■ stood on end, I trembled like a leaf, and the creaking of the trees, as well as the soughing of the wind, frightened me every instant. My disturbed spirit was mortally oppressed, so much so indeed, that no one that has not been in the most terrifying danger of death can know, comprehend, or 80. [R. says that if he had kept a jour- nal of the events of the day he was cast on shore, he] ' ' must have said thus: . . . After I got to Shore . . . I ran about . . . wringing my hands, and beating my Head and Face, exclaiming at my Misery and crying out, I was undone, undone, till tir 'd and faint, I was forc'd to lye down on the Ground to repose, but durst not sleep for fear of being de- vour 'd." [Notice the nega- tion.] 48. It is not easy for anyone, who has not been in the like Condition, to describe or con- ceive the Conster- nation of Men in Narrative of Sjouke Gahies even think it. I groaned in- wardly to God for help until day began to break, which a good deal relieved me. I got up, and did not know in which direction to go, but walked up and down to get warm. On account of the Listofpoa- cold I thrust my hands into sessions. , . ■, , my pockets, where to my great joy I felt my knife, to- bacco box, steel, tinder-box, and a rusk. Thrusting my hand still further down, I found a little ball of string with some hooks, which a sailor had lent me, so that I might do some fishing, if I remained on the strand. This was now the extent of my riches; for my ship clothes were not worth much, as every seaman knows what a cabin boy wears on board. I began to walk again in order to get out of the forest, constantly exclaiming, * ' Oh, (129) Lord! help me!" I v/ished a thousand times that I might such Circumstan- ces; [This was said during the storm, just before R. waa cast on shore.] 54. "I had noth- ing about me but a Knife, a Tobac- co-pipe, and a lit- tle Tobacco in a Box; this was all my Provision. ' ' [Nowhere In his narrative does E. speak of possess- ing the means to make fire, nor of smoking, although he makes a pipe and finds tobacco growing on the is- land.] Compared with Rohiyison Crusoe come to a mountain, from which I could discover the sea, or to a river that should lead me to the sea; but the more I sought, the more I went astray, and the thought of eating or drinking never once entered my mind. I formed a resolution to keep going straight ahead, whither- soever God should lead me, and going on, I came towards evening, a little before sunset, to a marshy pool. The sight of it made me think that I wanted a drink, but on tast- ing of the water I found it to be somewhat brackish, so with my hands I dug a hole a little way from it, into which clear water soon trickled ; of this I drank and felt refreshed. The water in the pool was dreggy, brown and reddish, like the water of a marsh, or water with decayed leaves in it. There I sat groaning and cry- ing again; I could not stop my dismal weeping. I sighed 54. " I walk'd about a Furlong from the Shore to see if I could find any fresh Water to drink, which I did, to my great Joy; ... I went to the Tree . . . , and hav- ing cut me a short Stick, like a Trun- cheon, for my De- fence, I took up my Lodging, and having been exces- sively f atigu 'd, I fell fast asleep, and slept as com- fortably as, I be- lieve, few could have done in my Condition, and found myself the 8 Narrative of SjouJce Gahhes (130) Says a prayer. and sighed, saying, "Alas! poor boy that I am! Oh! what shall I do ? Where shall I go? Oh, God! help me!" I ate half of my rusk,- smoked half a pipe and took another drink from my hole ; all this refreshed me a good deal. I next considered what I should do in such extreme need. Human aid was lack- ing, so out of necessity I went to God. I loosened my stock- ings, fell on my bare knees, and called to God for help. I said the evening prayer and the pater Twster. I even be- came so affected through praying, that I sank down and grew faint and almost unconscious. This feeling lasted until dark, when being tired I lay down and cried myself to sleep. I slept through the whole night and awoke after the sun was up; the sunshine cheered me. most refresh 'd with it, that I think I ever was on such an Occasion. When I wak'd it was broad Day, the Weather clear, ' ' etc. [Cf. with statement in the journal, pp. 81, 82, where R. says it rained all night and continued rain- ing the next day. R. apparently had no further use for hia truncheon than up in the tree, for he does not men- tion it again.] 2 ' ' Beschuit, ' ' sometimes ' ' Bischuit. ' ' Eobinson uses "Rusk," "Bisket," " Bisket-cake, " Cf. infra., p. 91. Compared with Robinson Crusoe I now began to think about my preservation. I was sit- ting by my water-hole and re- joicing over the fresh water in it, for I realized that this was far and away better than the foul water on the ship. Just then it seemed to me as if I were being pushed. I looked around, and although I did not see anyone, deeper in the wood I noticed a very tall tree, which was very prominent because it was so thick. I got up and went towards it, and when I reached it God gave me an in- spiration to mark a number of trees so that I should not lose my water supply. I took out my knife and peeled off a little of the bark; with my knife I then made a wooden hatchet for this work, in order to spare the knife as much as possible. I made also a small wooden shovel, and took a stout bough which I sharp- ened at the small end, and 73. "Then it oc- curr'd to me again, how well I was furnish 'd for my Subsistance, " etc. 76. "I began to comfort myself as well as I could, and to set the Good against the Evil," etc. [R. takes up this theme repeatedly. Cf. pp. 72, 73, 76, 132, 153, 164, 195, 197.] 96. "I had . . . Hatchets . . . but with much chop- ing and cutting knotty hard Wood, they were all full of Notches and dull," etc. 10 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes (isi) Invisible agency again. Club-spear, -which had a thick knob at the other, — this served me for a weapon. I was becoming more and more assured and under this tree, for [as I have said] it was pretty tall, I began to build a hut of boughs. Dur- ing my work the sensation again came over me, that I was being pushed. I looked around, but again I saw no- body; but in the distance, I noticed just such another big tree. Letting the unfinished hut wait, I went to this tree, and having barked it on sev- eral sides, I went on to an- other that stood still further away, and so continuing, I went in all probably a dis- tance of an hour or an hour and a half from the pool. I continued in my quest, and that too in a direct line, so as in time to get out of this lonely forest, and while I was walking I found an apple! apples. Lord! How happy I was. I Continues to blaze a line. 85. [R. M a k e 8 a "Shovel or Spade."] 54. Truncheon, . . [Cf. supra., p. 7] 223. ' ' I thought the Impression was so strong upon my Mind, that it could not be re- sisted, that it must come from some in\'isible Direc- tion," etc. 181. "I stood like one Thunder- struck, or as if I had seen an Ap- parition; I lis- ten 'd, I look'd round me, I could hear nothing, nor see any Thing, ' ' etc. Compared with Robinson Crusoe 11 looked up and saw that I was under a wild apple-tree. Throwing from me my club- spear and shovel, I climbed up the tree with great joy, ate my bellyful of apples, and picked so many — which I threw into the grass under the tree — that on coming down I filled my hat and both stock- ings, and still left some on the ground, I retraced my way from tree to tree by the blazes I had made, and on reaching my first thick tree, which stood on a kind of hillock, I dug a hole, the bottom of which I lined with leaves and on these I laid my apples. I covered the apples in turn with leaves, and after I had thrown sand over the latter, I possessed a storage pit.^ I then stuck some of my boughs into the ground, weaving them together a little at the 54. [Notice that E. took his club up into the tree with him.] 225. "a little rising bit of Ground. ' ' 61. "What to do with myself at Night I knew not, nor indeed where to rest. . . . How- ever, as well as I could, 1 barricade 'd 3"Mod-hol," house. ' ' probably the equivalent of ' ' root- 12 Narrative of Sjotike Gahhes top, and made up my mind that what shelter they did not afford, the sky must. I walked back and forth be- tween my water and my hut, in order that while walking I might be thinking out what I should do; my dejection and anxiety were growing less and less. Afterwards, while I sat in my hut eating an apple, I mused; "Dear me! what is Moralizes man's life! How one will on the use- lessness of wauder from country to coun- goid. ^j.y jj^ quest of merchandise and money! I have nothing now but water and apples, and yet I am quite contented, if I can get more of them. Even if I could exchange myself round with the Chests and Boards that I had brought on Shore, and made a kind of a Hut for that Night 's Lodging. [R's second night on shore.] 53. "After I had solac'd my Mind with the comfort- able Part of my Condition, I began to look round me to see what kind of Place I wa8 in, and what was next to be done." [Cf. also p. 95.] 66. "I smil'd to myself at the Sight of this Money. O Drug ! said I aloud, what art thou good fori Thou art not worth to me, no not the taking off of the Ground, one of those Knives is worth all this Heap," etc. [Cf. also, pp. 152, 288.] Ccmipared with Robinson Crusoe 13 (133) these for gold, I would not think of doing so. When evening came I said my prayers and lay down in my hut on some boughs and leaves, and slept much more peacefully than I did the night before. On awaking in the morning I began to think more composedly about my preservation, indeed, just as I would if I knew I should have to live to the end of my days in the wilderness, which thought, because of my great dejection and anxiety I had not been able previously to entertain. I said to myself that I would first take a drink, then go to my apple tree and stow away the apples that still lay under it; then continue to blaze or to bark trees, as I had begun, in a straight line, in order by this means finally to get out of the forest, and to take note of all fruit trees 95. "I began to be more compos 'd,; and now to sup- port my Spirits, which indeed want- ed it very much, I went to my little Store, and took a small Sup of Eum. ' ' 117. . . . "re- solv 'd to come again, and bring a Bag or Sack, or what I could make, to carry the rest Home." [Cf. in- fra.] 14 Narrative of Sjouke Gahles Secures the rest of his apples. that I might find while I was doing it. So said, so done. Armed with my ehib-spear, I betook myself to my apple tree. On reaching it, I filled my pockets with the apples that lay under it, and contin- uing straight on, I peeled trees at such distances apart that I could easily see from each to the next one. Now and then I found fruit trees and marked them specially, until after some time I had advanced so far that I came Finds a to a Small fresh rivulet near more fniit. which there were fruit trees, both diiferent from, and in greater number than, those I had seen before, and none of which I knew, but trusting in God, I ate from them, and their fruits agreed with me. Now I forgot my storage- pit, pool and apple tree. I followed the river which after some time led me out of the mountain, forcst to a mountain, at the 59. "I at length found myself in the Mouth of a little River, with Land on both Sides, and a strong Current or Tide running up . . . At length I spy'd Compared with Bohinson Crusoe 15 (134) a little Cove on the right Shore of the Creek. ' ' 115. "I went up the Creek ... I found after I came about two Miles up, that the Tide did not flow any higlier, and that it was no more than a little Brook of running water. . . 116. I went up the same "Way again, ... I found the Brook, . . .the Country became more woody than before : in this Part I found dif- ferent Fruits." [It should be noted that S's and R's examinations of their resp. brooks, were, from the circumstances of the two cases, in opposite directions. Each brook headed in an area where fruit abounded, and emptied into a cove or basin near where the exiles respectively made their abodes. R. mentions several hills from which he made observations, casual or frequent. Of these, one was three miles from his habitation, near the W. end of the island. Cf. 200, 201, 205, and 216. Another was above his cave. Cf. 67, 93-5, 215, 219, 238, 240, 245, 274, 296, 312.] foot of Avhich there was a great basin of brackish water into which this river dis- charged, and the basin in turn discharged through a small depression into the sea, as I found later. Wliile I was resting near this basin, I saw a fish jump, so I got out my hook and line, and took them with my club- spear down to the water. Put- ting a piece of apple on the hook, at once I caught a good perch, which I dressed, and baiting my hook with its en- trails, I caught five or six more fine ones. These, after I had dressed them, I roasted 16 Narrative of 8jouke Gabhes Makes tinder. Climbs up the moun- tain. Reaches the sea shore. on wooden spits, and they tasted sweet and good. My supply of tinder was scant, so I tore a sleeve from my shirt, set fire to it, and ex- tinguished the fire between my two shoes ; now my tinder- box was full again, and I was prepared for anything. Hav- ing had plenty to eat and drink, I climbed up the moun- tain, from whose top I could discern the sea, by my guess a good hour's walk distant; this mountain was only a high hill, standing alone in the flat land. I had had plenty to eat, as I have said, and I walked towards the sea in the hope that our ship or people were still there, but found no one. While thus walking along the strand, I looked back continu- ally, so that the mountain should not get out of my sight. On the way I thought I saw a mast behind a dune, 211. "provided with Candles, and a Tinder-box," etc. [R. nowhere speaks of a steel nor of a flint, but must have had the lat- ter on his mus- kets.] 80. ' ' Some Days after this, and af- ter I had been on board the Ship, and got all that I could out of her, yet I could not forbear getting up to the Top of a little Mountain, and looking out to Sea in hopes of seeing a Ship. ' ' [Not positively identifiable with either of the hills above stated. Note, that K. did not use a spy-glass on this occasion, although Compared with Robinson Crusoe 17 with its top sticking out above. I thought also that I Footprints, saw footprints,* but these again disappeared. six jiages back he had recorded the finding of some. The next reference to them is on p. 194, and there as here, R. strains his eyes, trying to dis- tinguish objects far out at sea. Can the reference to "Perspectives" on p. 74 have been a late insertion in his text? See p. 82, infra.] 181. "I was ex- ceedingly surpriz'd with the Print of a Man 's naked Poot on the Shore. ' ' 187. "Heartning myself therefore with the Belief that this was noth- ing but the Print of one of my own Feet." [R. evi- dently went bare- footed.] *In the first reference to footprints, on p. 2, these were described as "naked." 18 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes When I reached the dune I saw an upright stake to which was nailed a tin plate, and on this were the names of our skipper ^ and the ship on (135) which I had come. This dis- turbed me anew, and yet this stake or pole and plate were to me, as it were, almost like comrades; I was a child, and with tears in my eyes, I kissed the stake several times. I sat down with my back towards the stake, resting my chin on my hand, and looked sorrowfully out to sea. I got up again, walked up and down past the stake, and meanwhile read what was on the plate. I resolved to dig the stake loose with my hands, for it was embedded only in dune-sand, and I wanted to get the nails out of it. With this thought I stepped behind it to examine it, and then 5 "Schipper," the ordinary term in Dutch for master of a ship. 57. "Cases of Bot- tles belonging to our Skipper. ' ' [This was on R's first visit to the wreck of his ship, which corresponds in time with the cabinboy 's first find, and seems to be the only pas- sage in either of his first two vol- umes, in which R. uses the term "skipper"; all other references are to "Captain," or "Master." Cf. supra, Introd. p. xlv, and R. C. pp. 11 and 46-49.] Compared with Robinson Crusoe 19 Finds a note nailed to stake. Digs his ship-chest out of the sand. (136) only, as I was looking at the nails and the stake from be- hind, I became aware of a piece of paper and a little tin plate over it which were nailed to the stake on that side, I found written on the paper these words: *'Boy, dig behind this stake. ' ' This dis- turbed me still more than the stake had at first. A cold shiver ran through my limbs, my hair stood on end, and I became oppressed and filled with dread. I trembled and knew not why. I set myself down again against the stake, until I should have become composed. Then I took my club-spear and began to probe with it in the sand and found something hard about a fathom behind the stake. I fell to scratching in the sand with my hands until I came to something like a board, and working down still further, I found that it was my ship- 20 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes chest, I cried, ' ' Oh, gracious God ! I thank Thee, oh Lord ! Help me henceforward, I be- seech ! " I fairly shouted for joy and wept while I was working the chest out. A tar- paulin lay over the top of it, and a rag was wrapped around the key as it stuck in the lock, so that the sand should not injure the latter. I unlocked my chest with great joy and found in it the following, in a letter : * ' Boy, inasmuch as after nine '^ days ' searching and waiting we have been able to find neither the crew of the Goude Draak nor you, we have decided to depart (for the anchorage is bad on this coast) but first to bury at this place your chest and things, in order that they may be of use to you if you 6 The chronology is faulty. On the third day of their presence off the coast the lad went astray, and it was apparently on the fourth day from that time — or the seventh day in all — that he found this note. Compared tvith Robinson Crusoe 21 should chance to come here. Just above, on this little dune, there has been driven into the sand a small stake, under which are buried some other necessaries for you. Good- bye." I fell on my knees, thanked God for His goodness and prayed for the safe journey of my skipper and the ship. Then I got up, filled my pipe to the brim,'^ since now I could afford it, and looked through my chest in which I found the following articles: 3 shirts, 2 linen under- shirts, 2 pairs of linen draw- ers, 4 neckcloths, 2 pairs of stockings, 1 pair of shoes, 1 pair of breeches and a doub- let, of broadcloth, this being my shore suit, 1 English cap, about a pound of tobacco, 11 pipes, 1 tin cup, 2 tin spoons, 3 knives, 8 to 10 shoe-laces, 7 Notice the contrast -with the first day, supra, p. 8. 57. [R., finds among other things in the ship ; clothing, rack, knives, forks, pens, ink, paper, bibles and a pray- er book, besides articles not in S. 's chest.] 170. "there were Pipes in the Ship, but I forgot them boy's action on his 22 Narrative of SjouJce Gahhes paper, pens, ink, and a psalm- book. some needles and thread, 2 combs, 1 gallon-bottle of rack,* 12 sheets of paper, some pens and ink, 1 psalm- book. Takes a I drank a dram after my ™' pipe, like a lord ! Now I be- came easy in my mind and cheerful again. I determined to camp through the coming Fourth day night by this stake, to protect my property, for there was neither man nor beast that at first, not know- ing tliat there was Tobacco in the Is- land ; and after- wards, when I search 'd the Ship again, I could not come at any Pipes at all." [R. last visited the wreck on June 15, and first discover- ed tobacco a month later 1 Pp. 100, 115.] 126. "I would fain have had ... a Tobacco-Pipe. [R. omits to account for the one he had when he came on shore.] 56, [R. took his * * large Dram ' ' af- ter he first came on board the wreck and was in posses- sion of food and other necessaries, but his alleged rea- son therefor was 8 Arrack. Compared with Robinson Crusoe 23 should rob me ! Childish fancy ! After some deliberation, I went up on to the dune, and found the small stake ; I probed near it with my spear ; at two feet in depth there was something hard, I again fell to scratching, but was scarce- ly one foot in the ground when I found a shovel. Zounds! how glad I was! I proceeded to dig with it ; this made better speed than scratching with my fingers. I soon uncovered a board and under it my hammock, which also was wrapped in a fine tarpaulin. When I got it out on top, on opening it I found the following note : "Boy, since you may pos- sibly have to spend your life here, we have agreed to leave these things for you. ' The Master ^ gives you his burn- ing-glass so that you can 9 In Dutch, "Meester" is a title given to a surgeon. to "spirit me for what was before me, ' ' — the landing of his find. The two drinks corre- spond in point of time — the acqui- sition of supplies.] 63. " I piled all the empty Chests and Casks up in a Cir- cle round the Tent, to fortify it from any sudden At- tempt, either from Man or Beast. ' ' [This was the third night. See similar expressions on pp. 68, 82 and 95.] 24 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes (138) Finds other utensils and sup- plies buried. Cutlass. kindle a fire even without tin- der; besides, a piece of sul- phur for matches. Good- bye!" I hastened to examine what they had left, and found the following articles : 1 board, 1 excellent tarpaulin, my ham- mock, straw bed, coverlet, pil- low, 1 pillowcase, 1 axe, 1 short-gun, 2 cases of powder, 100 bullets, 1 piece of sheet lead, 1 ship-cutlass with its belt, 1 keg of brandy, 2 gal- lon bottles of Spanish wine, wine, 100 rusks, 1 small cop- per pan that would hold a "mingelen," ^° 1 Cologne pot of tobacco, another roll of the latter weighing probably 2 to 3 pounds, 1 bladderful of powder, another case of bul- lets, 2 cord fish nets, 1 box of hooks, 12 flints, 1 small pack- age of matches, 1 package of pens, 1 pen-knife, 2 quires of paper, 1 leaden inkpot, with 10 A "mingel" = 1.2 litres, litres. [Eobinson saves from the wreck, among other things, the follow- ing: Boards, p. 57. Tarpaulin, p. 69. Hammock, p. 62. Bed and bedding, p. 63. Axe, p. 58. Clothing, pp. 58, 62. Guns and Ammu- nition, p. 58. Old rusty swords, p. 58. Bread (biscuit), pp. 57, 64. Cases of bottles ("Cordial Wa- ters"), p. 57. Barrel of fine flower, p. 64. Pens, ink, and pa- per, p. 74. Bible, p. 74. Hoogewerflf says 2 Compared with Robinson Crusoe 25 (139) one small can of ink, the New Testament, the Journey of W. Y. Bontekoe, and that of P. van den Broeke ; also a round hand-fflass in a tin box. Now I changed my inten- tion of staying by the stake. I had made my way from the mountain or hill to this point in two courses at right angles to each other; straight across was much nearer, so I thought I would go back that way. I emptied my chest, and re- filled it with rusks, gun-pow- der, tobacco, paper, books, etc. I put on me three shirts with an additional under-garment and hung the cutlass at my side, carried the axe and Books, p. 75. Eoll of sheet lead was too heavy to get over the Ship's side, p. 62.] 197. "I furbish 'd up one of the great Cutlashes, that I had out of the Ship, and made me a Belt to put it on also. ' ' [Cf. pp. 138, 216, 242, 274, 298 and 300, where this weapon is usually referred to as ' ' naked. " See note infra, p. 96J 130. [E. also "took another Way to come back."] 57. "I first got three of the Sea- mens Chests, which I had brok- en open and emp- ty 'd, . . . the first of these I fill'd with," etc. [R. refills a chest, puts on newly found clothing, and re- 26 Narrative of Sjoiike Gahhes Disposes of his things at temporary- resting place. Hangs his hammock in the open. shovel on my shoulders, and two bottles by a cord around my neck. Thus loaded I went to my river, and because the weather was warm I naturally perspired not a little, from which I recovered after a re- freshing drink. Meantime, while resting, I was thinking what I should do with my things. I dug a large hole on high ground, lined it on the underside with leaves, over which I laid boughs, and on these I stowed my things and covered them in their turn with boughs and green turf. In the afternoon I fetched my hammock, the gun and a blad- der of gun-powder, and car- ried bullets and rusks in my pocket. When I came to the river I stuck into the ground on the high place by my pit, four poles, and suspended my ham- mock from them. I made an- other trip and fetched the tar- paulin, a bottle of rack, the cords the fact that the weather was warm.] 83. [According to the Journal, on Nov. 1:] "I set up my Tent under a Rock, and lay there for the first Night, making it as large as I could Compared with Robinson Crusoe 27 fish net, a hook, and some bullets. I got into my hammock and slept peacefully until day came. On this day I fetched the rest of my things to the river ; now I was a rich man ! I took pen, ink and paper and wrote down the foregoing [account]. I said a prayer and sang a psalm as well as I could. I now had to seek a good place for my hut. Looking about me, I noticed not far away a fine high and green with Stakes driving in to swing my Hammock upon. ' ' 64. "I had the biggest Magazine of all Kinds now that ever were laid up, I believe, for one Man." [Fourth day. Cf. also, pp. 66, 73.] 74. "I got several things . . . which I omitted setting down before; as in particular. Pens, Ink, and Paper . . . [75] that while my Ink last- ed, I kept things very exact ; ' ' etc. [Said after his last visit to the wreck.] 80. [Notice that E. did not begin his journal until he was in a meas- ure settled.] 60. ' ' My next Work was to view the Country, and seek a proper Place for my Hab- 28 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes Examines the sur- rounding country. hill close by the river. I went to it and looked it over, and was well pleased. Having fetched my axe and shovel, I cut as many large and small boughs as would be enough for the space I needed. I thrust these into the ground or dug holes for them. Then I inter-twined the boughs at the top and around the sides, as closely together as possible, and in a short time I had made a hut that was tight. After I had completed it thus far, I drew the line which I had set in the salt basin, and on which I now found several perch. I cooked some of them in my little pan. After I had had plenty to eat and a cool drink, I fetched my hammock into the hut and having hung it securely, I also brought in my little bed and the most of my other things. And now I thought I would take a walk around this side of the basin, to see what it itation, and where to stow my Goods to secure them," etc. 67. "In search of a Place proper for this [a permanent habitation],! i ^I found a little Plain on the side of a rising Hill," etc. 82. [Journal en- try.] "I walk'd about the Shore almost all Day to find out a Place to fix my Habitation . . I fix'd upon a proper place under a Rock." [This was after R. 's last visit to the wreck.] 114. "Having now secur'd my habita- tion, as I thought, Compared with Rohinso7i Crusoe 29 (141) Finds brick-clay. Builds a circular hut, stick- ing boughs Into the ground, was like. Where the river falls into the basin, the water is very red, and the shore where I had dug was sticky and smooth like clay. On my way out I threw a shovelful of this earth some distance over the ground, in order to see just what it was, and going on for a quarter of an hour, I found a red rocky bank with many holes in it. After prob- ably a long quarter of an hour, on my way back I ex- amined the red clay, which I then spread out rather thin and went to my hut. I also got some fruit. It occurred to me that if the clay were good, I should be able to build a fine cabin with it. When I went to it the next time I found that it was dry, hard and strong, at which I greatly rejoiced. When I returned to my hut, I meditated, while smoking my pipe, on what I had to do. I cut a number of thick and fully to my Mind, I had a great De- sire to make a more perfect Dis- covery of the Is- land. ' ' 68. "Before I set. up my Tent, I drew a half Circle before the hollow 30 Narrative of Sjoiilce Ga'b'bes and wat- tling them. Makes ladder. stout boughs, and having clipped from the main stems all the side-boughs, I stuck the former very deep and close to each other into the ground in a circle, which was eighteen of my feet in diam- eter. I began to wattle these from the bottom up, like a farmer's hedge, and by work- ing almost constantly, I had the structure in a few days as high above the ground as I could make it. Not being able to reach any higher, I had to make a ladder, for which I prepared two fine straight limbs, each nine of my feet long. But since I had no auger nor chisel, I had to make the holes with my knife, which proved so difficult that I got blisters on my hands and had to suspend this work, and either do lighter work or sit still. Place, which took in about ten Yards in its Semi-diame- ter from the Rock . . . I pitch 'd two Rows of strong Stakes, driving them into the Ground till they stood very firm like Piles." Vol. II, 122. ' ' rad- ling or working it up like Basket- work all the way round. ' ' 68, ' ' The Entrance into this Place I made to be not by a Door, but by a short Ladder, to go over the Top, which Ladder, when I was in, I lifted over after me." [R. gives no further details of his Ladder, except a journal entry that he finished it; p. 93. Cf. Introd. p. xlviii.] Compared with Robinson Crusoe 31 Thought suddenly comes to him of having woven bird cages. (142) Lines basket with clay. The door or rather entrance to my hut I had made five of my feet high and two and a half wide; for this I was go- ing to weave a door, and while I was busy with it, the thought suddenly came to me, that in the fatherland I used to make square bird cages of willow twigs, I let the door wait and began to work on what I shall call a ** bottom," a foot and a half square. Wattling " this up on the sides also, a foot and a half, behold! I had a basket, and turning it over, a stool — mag- nificent furniture ! I went with it to the clay-strand, smeared my basket on the out- side with clay, dried it in the sun, besprinkled it with water with a green bough, then smoothed the cracks close with my hand, and my basket became as tight and hard as if it were coated with red stone, 11 See p. 146 (K. K.), where osiers. 125. "It prov'd of excellent Advan- tage to mo now, that when I was a Boy, I used to take great Delight in standing at a BasTcet-maJcer's in the Town where my Father liv 'd, to see them make their Wicker-ware; and being, as Boys usually are, very officious to help, and a great Obser- ver of the Manner how they work 'd those things, and sometimes lending a Hand, I had by this means full Knowledge of the Methods of it, that I wanted nothing but the Materials; when it came into my Mind, that the Twigs of that Tree from whence I cut my Stakes that grew, might possi- he speaks of having 32 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes Makes a milk-yoke for carry- ing clay. Makes peep-holes in hut. Lines hut with clay. at which I rejoiced not a little. Now I could make con- tainers for my goods, and whatever I needed. This set me to thinking, so that I at once began again to weave, and made two more similar baskets. These fin- ished, I chopped a stiff piece of wood a fathom long, put on each end of it a string, tied the baskets to these, and this J used as one does a milk- yoke ; with it I carried clay to the hut. Having cut some peep-holes in the hut, I fell to smearing, sprinkling and smoothing, and in three days had my hut coated, dry and smooth to the height of five feet, and it was as strong and hard as if it were of red brick. bly be as tough as the Sallows, and Willows, and Os- iers in England, and I resolved to try. "ii« iiaCompare the above paragraph with the following pasage from the earlier part of "Krinke Kesmes, " p. 7: "I had my lodgings in the house of a cooper, an old and honorable citizen, where for pastime I helped him peel hoops, that is, take off the bark or make them white. I put on a leathern apron, and took up coopering for a pastime, and got such a liking for it, that I became able not only to lay a hoop well, but to prepare staves, make a bucket, a pail, an anker, and so forth." Compared with Robinson Crusoe 33 (148) Calls this hut his castle. After my hands got well, I took up work on my ladder again. I wound linen around my knife and although I worked rather slowly, I got five steps or rungs completed, and by their aid I wattled my hut together at the top, leav- ing there a hole a foot square, that I could close with a lid, or open to let in fresh air or let out the smoke. My roof having been smoothed and be- come dry, I considered that in this structure I had a castle. Furthermore, I made several baskets to keep my things in and to put winter stores into, and coated them like my hut with red clay. 126. "I employed myself in making, as well as I could, a great many Bas- kets, both to carry Earth, or to carry or lay up anything as I had occa- sion." [R. had al- ready made a "Hodd" to carry away the earth from his cave; p. 86. Cf. K. K. p. 142.] 170. "In my Wick- er Ware also I im- proved much, and made abundance of necessary Baskets . . . for my laying Things up in, or fetching Things home in." 182. [E. first calls his ' ' Cave ' ' or "Home "his "Cas- tle."] 247. "My first Wall had now a 34 Narrative of Sjoiike Gahbes Adds to hü hut. I built on to my round hut also a fine square one, that was fifteen feet on each side, a fine and substantial structure having like the round one an opening at the top and peep- holes lower down. Now I was lord of two castles. In the day time I wrote a journal of my doings, and from reading it often I learned it by heart. compleat Eoof over it . . . and at the Hole or Place which was left to go in or out by the Ladder, I had plac'd a kind of Trap-door, ' ' etc. [E. had a "Door to come out, ' ' through the back of his cave, pp. 78, 179, and finally made peep-holes or portholes; p. 190. Cf. Introd., p. 1.] 190. "double Wall . . . having in it seven little Holes, about as big aa I might put my Arm out at . . . and through the seven Holes, I contriv'd to plant the Mua- quets, of which I took Notice, that I got seven on Shore out of the Ship; these, I say, I planted like my Cannon, ' ' etc. Cf. p. 212, "like Compared with Robinson Crusoe 35 Once upon a time, while on my way to get some fruit, I noticed a fine mound that looked as if it had been made by hands. It was invested round about with trees grow- ing trunk to trunk in a circle, and there was a single tree in the centre. I could see this hill from my hut, but had never given it any considera- tion; it was four hundred Pieces of Can- non," and p, 215, ' ' all my Cannon, as I call'd them; that is to say, my Muskets, ' ' etc. 286. "and aa I cooked it without Doors," (for I made no Fire with- in my inner Wall.") [The cabin boy's fire appears to have been inside his hut (K. K. p. 145). E. says of a fire-place, and of fuel, p. 72, "and what I did for that, as also how I enlarg 'd my Cave, and what Conveniencies I made, I shall give a full Account of in its Place," but he fails to keep the first part of hia promise.] P. 70. "My new Cave, which in my fancy I call'd my Kitchen. ' ' 36 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes (144) steps distant. Upon reflec- tion I got my axe and went and chopped off three of the trees two feet above the ground. Builds hut on a mound •with aid of standing trees by cutting off their tops. Stepping inside the ring, I could not avoid the conclusion that this group had been planted there. Fetching my ladder I chopped off all the other trees in the ring, leaving the stems ten feet high; that of the tree in the middle I left twenty feet high, trimming from it all its branches, and peeling all the stems to the ground. P. 86. "I work'd to make this Room or Cave spacious enough to accom- modate me as a Warehouse or Magazine, a Kitch- en," etc. 141. [R. used sun- baked pots in wicker baskets.] 142. "The heat of the Sun bak 'd them strangely hard." 123. "The Circle or double Hedge that I had made, was not only firm and entire, but the Stakes which I had cut out of some Trees that grew thereabouts, were all shot out and grown with long Branches, . . . I was surpriz'd, and yet very well pleas 'd, to see the young Trees grow; " Compared with Rohinson Crusoe 37 These trees were eighteen and twenty inches in girth. I thought I would build a fort- ress at this place ! I went to it during the day, to while away the time wattling-in the enclosure with thick boughs, which I pounded close to- gether with a stake. This castle after some time was fin- ished as far up as the roof, which in the course of time took shape also. My door was two and a half feet square beginning two feet above the ground. I fetched here my cask of brandy and a bladder- ful of gun-powder, my rusks, some bullets, etc. Finally, I went there to live, with my bed and most of my things, having buried the rest in my other houses, where they were well protected. 190. "These Trees having been plant- ed so thick before, they wanted but a few Piles to be driven between them, that they should be thicker, and stronger," etc. 69. ' ' Into this Fence"^ or For- tress" [his en- closed Cave] etc. [Vol. II, — CA de- scription of Will Atkins's house.] 119. . . . "Bower, and surrounded it at a Distance with a strong Fence, being a double Hedge, as high as I could reach, well stak'd, and fill'd between with Brushwood" . . . 124. "and placing the Trees or Stakes lib In the sense of protection against attack. 38 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes in a double Row . . . they grew presently . . . and afterward serv 'd for a Defence al- Makes salt, dries fish. Makes more baskets, tables, etc. (145) Disturbed by noise at night. I had also obtained a whole stone basketful of salt in the holes in the red rock at the end of the salt basin, had laid by a fine supply of dried fish, and had a good many baskets coated outside and inside with red clay, and with lids on them; wicker tables, stools and a bedstead. My existence was now quite secure. I took no note of days, weeks, months, nor years, nor did I know how long I had been here. After a long time as I was sleeping quietly in the middle of a dark night, I heard a dreadful confusion of roars that woke me up ; still I remained tranquil because no one, neither man nor beast, could injure me in my fort- ress. However, I made a fire, which was soon done, for I 139. [R. mentions the lack of salt. On p. 251 he eats salt on goat 's meat, and could not have procured it from the Span- ish wreck, because the goods in the latter had been spoiled by the water. Some modern edi- tors insert "salt" in the text (p. 174) in connection with butter and cheese.] Compared with Robinson Crusoe 39 always kept a good supply of very dry boughs and also of coarse split wood. My door was shut and my peep-holes were stopped up. Having placed my gun in readiness, I laid some wood on the fire and went to bed again. Wlien day came, I was curious to know what it was that had made the noise. Kills a Opening my peep-holes, I saw wild bull, ggven black bulls which looked as if they had been fighting, because two or three among them were bleeding. One ap- proaching my castle, came within twelve or fourteen paces of me and stood still, looking in my direction, I rested by gun through a peep- hole and shot him right in the forehead, so that he fell dead. Immediately reloading, I 71. "The first shot ^^*^^ made myself ready in case I ™ade among more should come, but the ?^f.'.^. Creatures, I others retired in the direction of the forest. This was the game. ^rst game that I had seen. kill 'tl a She-Goat. ' ' 40 Narrative of Sjoulce Gahhes I went to the bull with shovel, cutlass and knife. He lay on his side and I could not at first get him on to his back, but I dug a furrow behind him, and he gradually settled into it, almost on his back. With the axe I cut his throat from which he bled freely. On ripping him up, I found him very fat, and fetching Osier table, from my other house an osier table, I laid the fat on it which was very abundant, and would weigh more than a hundred pounds. I presently fell to rendering it in my cop- per pan, and recovered two fine clay-lined basketfuls of grease, as well as three basket- fuls of the best meat, which I salted. I blew up the blad- der, cleaned the intestines at the basin, dried some, filled others with salted meat and Pemmican. grease ^- and of these I dried some in the smoke and others 148. ' ' At last find- ing it impossible to heave it [the boat] up with my little Strength, I fell to digging away the Sand to undermine it, and so to make it fall down. ' ' 12 Pemmican was probably known in Europe at this date. Compared with Robinson Crusoe 41 (147) Takes some brandy and wine. Daily occu- pation. in the air. His horns I cut off, dried and scraped, and they made good cups. I boiled and roasted from the bull's carcass until it be- gan to be offensive. Then I made a deep wide hole into which I let it slip, helping it along with levers, and cover- ing it with earth. I was thankful to God for His good- ness. Many times every day I looked with joy upon my stock of victuals. I had not touched my brandy nor my wine. I was keeping them against a sick day, yet I got a longing and had to take a taste, and so, one morning, I took a little brandy ; at noon, when I ate my dinner, I took with my meat a half tin cup- ful of Spanish wine. I felt after it as if I were going to a wedding feast with the Gods ! After that the tap was shut for a long time. Now my daily work was to make salt, to catch fish, boil, 212. "So I in- ter 'd him [the old goat] there to pre- vent Offence to my Nose." 151. "I had all that I was now capable of enjoy- ing. ' ' 160. ''Thus I lived mighty comforta- bly." 95. "I went to my little Store, and took a small Sup of Rum, which however I did then and always very sparingly, knowing I could have no more when that was gone." [Cf. p. 273.] 83. Nov. 4. "This Morning I began 42 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes Builds pleasure hut at the basin. Another on the mountain. (148) Makes clay floor in fortress. roast, or dry them; to make chests and baskets of various sizes and fashions, to smooth them evenly inside and out with clay, and then to dry them; and to cut and dry wood, of which I always had a hutful in store, besides a great heap or stock. I also had a big basketful of dry wood-scrapings which under a burning-glass caught fire "in a hurry, ' ' Everything was going well with me now. I lived happily and quietly in my solitude. I had also built a substantial hut at the basin on the clay- strand, where I could fish, sleep, and cook; this was for my entertainment. I had also built a hut on the hill or mountain, but I did not coat it with clay because of the great labor involved, but I made in my fortress a clay floor which dried off smooth and neat, and was excellent, but proved too cold for my to order my times of Work, ' ' etc. [These were: 1. Times of work; 2. Going out with gun; 3. Sleep; 4. Diversion.] 134. "but having regularly divided my Time, accord- ing to the several daily Employ- ments that were before me, such as. First, my Duty to God, and the reading the Scrip- tures, . . . Second- ly, The going Abroad with my Gun for Food, . . . Thirdly, The or- dering, curing, preserving and cooking what I had kill'd or catch 'd for my Supply. ' ' 119. I built me a little kind of a Bower ... so that I fancy 'd now I Compared with Robinson Crusoe 43 Goes bare- footed. Clothes wearing out. Dried fish. bare feet. I went barefooted in order to save my shoes and stockings, and almost naked in order to preserve my cloth- ing. My shirts and outside garments were wearing out and were also becoming too small for me. When I wore an undergarment I left off my shirt. No one could save and take care of his clothes better than I did. However, I had to make apparel, at first out of my hammock and later out of my straw mattress, and after that I had to sleep on dry leaves on a woven bed- stead, which nevertheless was quite comfortable. The basin furnished me with as many fish as I wanted. Dried fish was my mainstay, I might say — my bread — which I ate after I had boiled or roasted it, and it agreed with me very well. Now and then I shot a wild bull. I built huts in superabundance as a pastime and now had had my Country- House, and my Sea-Coast-House. ' ' 158. "My Cloaths began to decay too mightily. ' ' 98. I went a fish- ing, but caught not one Fish that I durst eat of, till I was weary of my Sport; when just going to leave ofif, I caught a young Dolphin. I had made me a long Liine of some Rope Yarn, but I had 44 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes Thirteen huts. Pleasure- house. thirteen, beside the "gallery" at the basin. My beard was beginning to sprout, a sure sign that I had lived here a long time; and yet I was al- ways cheerful and well. no Hooks, yet I frequently caught Fish enough, as much as I car'd to eat; all which I dry'd in the Sun, and eat them dry." [This is the only time E. speaks of fishing, and his statement seems like a very per- functory attempt to cover two points in the other story, — the dried fish and the ' ' mon- strous" fish, p. 69. We are left utter- ly in the dark as to how he caught fish without hooks or a net, and from one who goes into particulars as he generally does, it is hard to accept the statement as self-prompted. Note that E. ate his fish uncooked — in effect a nega- tion of what should 9eem to be the more natural course.] Compared with Rohinsmi Crusoe 45 Views the country. Finds rushes. (149) Makes a leaden lamp. Once upon a time, wishing to see where the river came from, I took my gun and cut- lass with me, and after an hour's walk, by my guess, I saw, beside the river, what seemed to me an entire marsh filled with rushes, many of them along its edges. These were most welcome to me, and having cut a goodly quantity of them, I spread them out to dry, I cut, besides, a bunch which I took with me to make lamp-wicks, for I had a good deal of grease in store, be- cause now and then I shot a wild bull. Now that I had lamp-wick- ing, I made a leaden lamp as a sailor does on board ship, and burned a light at night which was a great pleasure to me. Some days later, I 126. [Continuing his statement about sallows, willows and osiers (sup^'a, ]>. 32) R. goes on to say:] "I went to my Country- House, as I call'd it, and cutting some of the smaller Twigs, I found them to my Pur- pose ... I came the next time pre- par'd with a Hatchet to cut down a Quantity, which I soon found, for there was great Plenty of them: these I set up to dry within my Circle or Hedge, and when they were fit for Use, I carried them to my Cave. ' ' 90. "when I had kill'd a Goat, I sav 'd the Tallow, and with a little Dish made of Clay, which I bak'd in the Sun, to which 46 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes Hakee mats and coverlets. Makes clothing vrith rushes. Uses bull- hides for shoes and stocldngB. Habitation is on east coast of Southland. fetched several loads of dry rushes, cutting still more and laying them out to dry; in this way I collected a whole hutful. I made mats from them to lay over the leaves on my bedstead which were in disorder, and also made cov- ers to spread over whatever I might see fit. Finally, I clothed myself with rushes — what cannot poverty con- trive ! And now I did almost nothing but make rush mats, large as well as small, and of all patterns. In this way I lived a con- siderable time quite content- edly. I had covered the floor of my fortress with rush mats. I had also dried eight or ten bull-hides as large as I could strip them off; these were good for shoes, stockings, etc., etc. By this time I was thor- oughly acquainted with the forest and knew well how to make use of the directions of I added a Wiek of some Oakum, I made me a Lamp. ' ' 159. "I made me a Suit of Cloaths wholly of these Skins." [of goats] 160. "Thus I lived mighty comforta- bly." 176. [R. evidently went barefooted, but used goat skins for ' ' Busk- ins, to flap over my Legs, and lace on either Side like Spatter-dashes. ' ' 130. "I could not see which was my way by any Direc- tion but that of Compared with Robinson Crusoe 47 (150) Calls his fortress his castle. Outlook on the mountain. sunrise and sunset. Against the sunrise was the sea; at midday the sun stood over the river, and against the sunset were the forest and hinter- land. Once upon a time a brisk gale sprang up at sea and be- came more and more violent, accompanied by thunder and lightning, so that the forest seemed to be blowing down. The storm became so fright- ful, with rain and heavy peals of thunder, that although I was in my castle, I became very uneasy and in my fright did not know where to hide. Indeed, some trees were up- rooted, and even the wind at times came in gusts like thun- derclaps; this lasted about two days and two nights, when the storm abated. I perceived that the wind was still drawing strong, and went up the mountain to my outlook. The sea was running very high with deep troughs. the Sun, nor even then, unless I knew very well the Position of the Sun at that time of the Day." 48 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes Storm at sea. Eclipse of the moon. (151) Storm carries away hut on the mountain. Coming down again, I went to catch some fish, and while I was fishing, the wind began to blow with increasing force. As I went to my fortress with a basket of fish, the gale rose again and the longer it lasted the more violent it be- came. The moon was now at the full, and the clouds seemed fairly to fly across it. I sat in the lee of my castle, for the weather was now dry. The moon slowly became dark just as if in an eclipse. This frightened me and made me go inside. My lamp was burn- ing and after I had made a little fire I went to bed; still I could not sleep, but was full of fear and apprehension. When day came, I saw the water in the sea was very an- gry and high, but the wind was falling. I went again up the mountain, in order to take a look at the tempestuous sea, and could not find my hut there. It had been broken off 94. [R. experienc- ed an earthquake and a hurricane.] Compared with Rohinson Crusoe 49 Replaces hut. Visits the Outlook. even with the ground and all my wattlings and weavings were gone, and I never saw them afterwards. That made me build another hut later. I fished again and boiled what I caught, at the basin. After having eaten heartily, I thought I would go up the mountain and search for the pieces of my hut, the Out- look. When I arrived on top, I noticed some black objects at sea, but could not tell what they were. I was slightly in- disposed from the former storm, and did not feel well. I drank some brandy to re- vive me, which I fetched out of my fortress, and it Strengthened me mightily. Then I went to the shore. The wind was still fresh from the sea and made unusually high water. Noticing a shallop driving straight towards the strand, I tightened my belt " and 94. "the Motion of the Earth made my Stomach sick." 95. "and now to support my Spir- its, which indeed wanted it very much ... I went to my little Store and took a small Sup of Eum. ' ' [This was said after the storm and earthquake.] 97. [The Storm 13 ' ' haalden strak mijn Vis-touw, ' ' The writer sub- 50 Narrative of Sjouke Gabhes Sees a boat drifting towards shore. (152) Prepares to secure it. Takes it into the slough. pulled off my rush coat. Then I took a good look at her. The sea-floor here was flat and in consequence there were no breakers. I got a firm hold on her and dragged her grad- ually into the slough or dis- charge from the basin, about ten minutes from its mouth. She had no oar, but forward in her lay a kedge with a rope which I made fast on land. I was nearly exhausted by my efforts to prevent the shallop brings E. 's wreck nearer shore.] 55. [K. had found the ship's boat the day after he was washed ashore, but could not use it.] 97. "I found a small Barrel, and two or three Pieces of the Wreck of the Ship, which were driven on Shore by the late Hurricane; and mitted this translation to several cultured Dutch peo- ple. Most of them disapproved of it; few endorsed it without reserve. He then asked Mr. V. Stefansson, the arctic explorer, the significance of "fish-line" among mariners. Because of the interest and impor- tance of the term, Mr. Stefansson 's reply is appended in full: ' ' As to the expression ' fish-line. ' In my association with sailors, both native users of the English language and foreigners who have learned English at sea, I have found that a certain type of rope or line is always known as ' fish-line. ' My impression is that in size this line varies from about the diameter of an ordinary pen- cil, when it is called 'cod-line,' down to hard twisted string not much stouter than ordinary wrapping cord. Line intermediate between these two sizes we always buy and use under the name of fish-line. ' * It happens that sailors use this line a great deal, and naturally, the more they use it the more inclined they are to use it for any new emergency. Consequent- Compared with Rohinson Crusoe 51 from going ashore, but now looking towards had her under control. *^« ^""^^^ '^'^^^',1 -r . , ,1 ^ thought it seem'a I went to my castle, made a ^ ,. ,• v. 4. •^ ' to lie higher out fire, warmed myself, and took ^^ ^.j^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ half a cup of Spanish wine, it us'd to do." which restored my strength. [For oorrelation of Going again to the strand, I th® sources of sup- saw many casks, chests and P^^ ^^ the two , T • • 1 narratives — chests, parcels come driving on, and ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ some that already lay embed- introd., p. xlv.] ded on the strand ; a true sign ly, any broken thing is likely to be mended or lashed together with fish-line. Their carry-all bags and duffle bags commonly have their mouths tied with the string, either by wrapping the string around the folded mouth of the bag, or else by having it as a draw string. Sim- ilarly, gauntlet gloves may have draw-strings of fish- line to tighten the gauntlet around the arm, and in the North our water boots frequently have draw-strings at the top to tighten them around the leg just below the knee. It is also not uncommon that in place of a belt a sailor will insert into the top of his trowsers as a draw-string a length of fish-line which then serves as a belt not detachable from the garment. ' ' Without asserting any strong opinion as to what the particular Dutch sentence you quote may mean, I can say at least that there is nothing out of conform- ity with ordinary English usage among sailors in the trans-literating, 'I tightened my fish-line' into 'I tight- ened my belt.' " If this rendering be correct, the expression adds an important item to the proof adduced by Naber, that Smeeks was familiar with sea-faring terms, for he has here used one that is not recognized even by the lands- men of his own country. — Translator. 52 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes Finds wreckage on shore. Finds clothing, biscuits, and wine. (153) As rich as a kingl that in the late storm a ship had gone aground or been wrecked hereabouts. I hur- riedly fetched my axe, broke open some chests, and found in them shirts, clothes, tobac- co, et cetera, such as a sailor or soldier is accustomed to have with him. Most of the chests were still dry inside. I appropriated as many of the contents as I could, and brought away to my castle a load big enough for four; what was wet, I dried. I can- not express the joy I felt, and neither can anyone know it or imagine it, that has not been in the uttermost poverty.^* Into some of the chests very little or no water had come. Out of these I took, and at once put on, a shirt and some clothing, and I felt that I was veritably as rich as a great king. I also found some rusks, ate them with some 14 Cf. supra, p, 6, Compared with Robinson Crusoe 53 Stern of ship driven on shore. Hopes of companion- ship. Spanish wine, which restored my failing strength. Going back to the strand to fetch more things, I saw the entire stem of a ship come driving on, with many more casks, chests, boxes of stock- fish, planks, and so forth. Now I became joyous, hoping that in the wreck there would be another living person for my society. It drove so far upon the beach that it held fast, like many of the smaller objects, as I have mentioned. There was exceedingly high water when this stuff came up on land. When the wind sub- sided and the water fell, the wreck stood so high and dry that I could not get into it, but ran around it, calling and shouting, to see if there were any one in it; but no one made answer. 222, "O that there had been but one or two; nay, or but one Soul sav'd out of this Ship, to have escap 'd to me, that I might but have had one Companion, one Fellow-Creature to have spoken to me, and to have con- vers'd with! In all the Time of my solitary Life, I never felt so earn- est, so strong a De- sire after the So- ciety of my Fel- low-Creatures, or so deep a Eegret at the Want of it." [Cf. Reflections on Companionship, pp. 156, 222, 223, 234, 253, and where the desire for compan- ionship seems rath- er to have degen- erated into the 54 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes Climbs aboard by rope. Examining it on all sides with attention, I saw that the entire starboard side was stove in, the mizzen yard lay across the ship and the mizzen sheet hung to port, to which side also the whole wreck heeled over. I took a firm hold on the rope and climbed up against the hull, I found no one. I looked into the hold and through the decks, and went into the round house, where there were six chests and three bottle-cases, and a (154) great English dog, which on Finds a ° * i , • dog on the Seeing me, wagged his tail '^^^^- and came and licked my hand. On the half -deck was a great Cologne clay pot with water in it. To port under the half- deck were two cannons that were looking out of their port- „ ,.,. holes, and a third with its car- Condition ' of wreck, riagc overturned, that had wish to have a ser- vant or slave, pp. 235-7, 240, 241, 249, and 252.] 97. "When I came down to the Ship, ... I could now walk quite up to her when the Tide was out;" [Sec- ond position o £ B's wreck.] 55. ' ' small Piece of a Rope . . . hang down by the Fore-Chains so low, as that with great Difficulty I got hold of it, and by the help of that Rope, got up into the Forecastle of the Ship." 226. "Besides the Dog, there was nothing left in the Ship that had life." [Cf. 226 fnd infra, p. 56.] Compared with Robinson Crusoe 55 rolled over to this side from the starboard. The great cabin had four windows, and the panes in them were but little damaged, and the Cap- tain 's bunk was still entire. When I saw this I did not at first know what to do, but after I had thought the mat- ter out, I pulled all the run- ning line from the mizzen mast, and cut off the mizzen headline aloft under the top- sail. The end of it fell over the side and extended almost to the ground ; I could bridge the gap comfortably with the ladder I had made. Again, I went all through the ship, below deck, then above, shout- ing to see if there were any people in it, but none came out, nor did I hear any one. Searching about, under the half deck, I noticed the car- carpenter's penter 's chest open. In it were a saw, some hammers, hatchets, chisels, planes, au- gers and other tools. With a Searches again for survivors. chest. 58. "Carpenter's Chest, which -was a very useful Prize to me." 56 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes Throws articles over the side of the wreck. (155) Finds clothing, food, tobac- co, etc. Takes dog to his castle. hatchet, a hammer, a crowbar, et cetera, I went back to the round house, in which there were ten beds and in the beds were three more bottle-cases. I threw over the side two straw-beds, two coverlets, and four pillows, to take to my castle. I opened also a steers- man 's chest, and found in it twelve good shirts marked "H. G.," with three suits of underclothes and a suit for shore-leave, a cheese, some to- bacco, and pipes, a marine chart and some other things. I threw also the shirts and clothes over the side, and de- scended along the mizzen head-line to take away all of these things and place them in safety. The big English dog cried after me and was going to jump down from above. This moved me to come up again, and I tied his muzzle and low- ered him with the mizzen sheet and followed after him. 56. ' ' flung as many of them over-board as I could manage of their Weight." 75. [first wreck] * ' and as for the Dog, he jump'd out of the Ship of himself, and swam on Shore to me the Day after I went Compared with Eohinson Crusoe 57 Makes pack- saddle for dog. Dog car- ries baskets. (156) This dog was big and strong and I used him as my burden- bearer. Wlien I had joined him, I took to my castle as much as I could carry. I rested there a while, and gave the dog some boiled fish and a drink of water, and every time I fed him that animal evinced for me greater and greater friendship. Evening came and I was weary, and yet I went with my "Draager" (so I named my dog) to the river and let him drink ; I had there a mess of boiled fish which he de- voured. We went back to my castle, and on arriving there, I cut for him from a dried bull-hide a saddle to go over his back. I took two uncoated baskets a foot and a half long, and two, a foot long, fastened them together with two ropes, and they constituted his car- rying outfit. I made a fire, boiled and roasted some fish, and Draa- on Shore with my first Cargo." [This tardy state- ment does injus- tice to the natures of both Robinson and the dog and is thus in effect a contradiction. 226. [Spanish wreck] * ' when I came, close to her, a Dog appear 'd upon her, who see- ing me coming, yelp'd and ery'd; and as soon as I call'd him, jump'd into the Sea, to come to me ... I gave him a Cake of my Bread . . . I then gave the poor Creature some fresh Water. ' ' [This incident, eight years after the death of R's first dog, is inject- ed into R's narra- tive in a para- graph of ten lines, in connection with the episode of the 58 Narrative of Sjouke Oabhes Continues to plunder the wreck. ger and I ate our fill, and slept quietly. The next morn- ing at daybreak I went with Draager to the wreck, after having put on him his saddle and baskets. When I reached the deck, I broke chests open one after another, and found in them clothes, linen, to- bacco, merchandise, rusks, cheeses, et cetera. There was a key in one bottle-case with which I opened at least four other cases which were all full of brandy ; I again threw over the side of the wreck linen and woolen stuffs, and what- ever was of use to me, and we both spent this day in carry- ing. We had plenty to eat and drink. The wreck lay aslant on the after end of the port side, and in the lower parts was still full of water. I salvaged all that I could, for nothing came amiss to me, and a good deal of stuff went into each of my huts. I made two more rather Spanish wreck, which itself has not even the merit of novelty (for the wreck-idea was ful- ly exploited in the earlier part of the story) and is ap- parently used, or is useful here only as jiadding ; and never another word about the dog oc- curs in the remain- ing hundred pages — during R's stay on the island. The similarity to the Dutch story is very apparent here, not only in the late introduction of this wreck episode into R's narrative, but in the final abrupt passage into obliv- ion of his dog.] Compared with Rohinson Crusoe 59 Makes a wagon. (157) long baskets for Draager; I lowered the bottle-cases with the mizzen sheet, I carried linen and woolen, and Draa- ger each trip carried six one- gallon flagons, and thus I speedily got the seven bottle- cases over. I could lower empty chests as I did the bottle-cases, but could not take them away, until it oc- curred to me that I had a saw. So I sawed four blocks from a round and solid tree, and contrived from them four wheels, which I made fast under a rectangular block of wood, and thus I had a wagon. I made draught tackle for Draager, who could easily pull the wagon with one chest on it, when I pushed a little. Thus in a short time I trans- ported many large and small chests, several bundles of stock fish, and a variety of other things. After this, on visiting the ship's cabin, I found four 85. "as to a Wheel- barrow, I fancy 'd I could make all but the Wheel, but that I had no No- tion of, neither did I know how to go about it ; be- sides I had no pos- sible way to make the Iron Gudgeons for the Spindle or Axis of the Wheel to run in, so I gave it over. [On p. 96 R, says:] "At length I con- triv 'd a Wheel with a String, to turn it with my Foot," etc. [and on p. 170,] "con- trived well enough to make them [pottery] with a Wheel. ' ' 60 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes Becomes richer and richer. Gunner' s- room. Powder- room. small casks of rusks, each cask of the size of a beer quarter- keg, cans, glasses, two silver cups, bottles of wine, beer, oil and vinegar, the bunk with its curtains, chairs, benches, lamps, candle-sticks, a chest of candles, et cetera. Nor did matters stop here. We became richer and richer, for I had not yet visited the gunner's room, and on enter- ing it, I found a great many- beds and chests, many cart- ridges in their holders, two parchment lanterns and two bottle-cases of brandy. I dared not go down into the powder-room for fear of the water. Having lowered the two bottle-eases and their bottles, I took them to my castle. Then further, I re- solved to cut an opening down in the gunner's room, so that through it the water [from the powder-room, if any] should relieve itself, and I took an auger of large diam- Compared with Robinson Crusoe 61 (158) Bread for six years. eter and bored through [from the gunner 's room to the pow- der-room.] I was surprised that no water came out. [From outside the ship] I bored also in front of the powder-room, but there I im- mediately got water. I went again into the wreck, lighted a lantern, went down into the powder-room, which I found undamaged, entire and dry, where there was plenty of powder and cartridge- paper. (Cf. Dutch text.) On the other side was the bread-room, as dry as cork. In it I found for myself and Draager more bread than we needed for six years, and in addition many Leyden and cream cheeses, twenty-four bottle-cases, each with its key, and two unopened tuns — un- provided with spigots — that contained butter. When I had looked these things over, I brought some rusks and cheeses on deck, 62 Narrative of Sjouke Gabhes lowered them over the side, and took them to my castle; and after I had had some- thing to eat with Draager, we returned to the wreck. The water having discharged it- self, I saw some forty round pots, sealed on top with plas- ter. I did not know what was in them, but opened one. It was full of olive oil, a portion of which had presently to go to my fort, where I now had bread, cheese, oil, brandy, and all that I could desire besides. Next I had to investigate the casks that had been washed up onto the strand, and I went over there with my auger and some wooden stoppers or spigots. I found three casks of mum,^^ one of vinegar, (159) three of French and three of Rhine wine. I took a dram, while considering what I should do.^® Roll them away 15 A kind of beer. 16 Apparently the same cause operated here that act- uated E's drink on the wreck — trouble ahead. Cf. E., p. 56. Compared with Robinson Crusoe 63 I could not. I had found with the oil-pots six more bottle- eases of brandy. This I poured away because I al- ready had more brandy than I wanted. Having brought » the cases to the river, and having rinsed the bottles clean, I tapped into these four cases of mum and two of French wine. I had found also three empty ankers^^ in the round house, and filled two of them also with French wine, for I preferred that to Rhine wine. "We took these also to my wine-hut. Having filled the Wine- third with wine-vinegar, I vinegar. j^j-Qught it into my castle, where I also poured away the brandy from a bottle-case and fetched French wine to fill the latter. I poured away so much brandy that I was able to French draw off an entire hogshead ^'^®" of French wine into the 17 An "anker" has a capacity of ten gallons. 64 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes (160) Enumera- tion of re- sources. empty bottles, and rolling the empty hogshead to the river, I rinsed it clean, and placed it under the dense shade of a tree where the sun could not come at it. I brought over here also another cask, and tapping into each of these the contents of a ten-gallon case, I found that Draager could pull them easily. Thus I got all the wine,, mum and vine- gar over as far as under the trees, where I well covered them in addition with boughs. I brought four bottle-cases of brandy out of my castle again, and took them to the brandy-hut, where I now had twenty-four cases of brandy stacked up in piles alongside of one another. In the bread- hut I had sixteen chests of ship-biscuit and three quar- ter-casks of rusks; in the cheese-hut, fourteen Leyden and twenty-seven cream cheeses ; in the oil-hut twenty- four round pots of oil ; in the 179. [R. makes a recapitulation of his resources.] Compared with Robinson Crusoe 65 powder-hut, thirty-eight cart- ridges in their cases and six plastered chests full of filled cartridges. In this I had, be- sides, sixteen reams of cart- ridge paper. In the rush-hut I had many bundles of dried rushes; in the wood-hut, dry twigs and split-wood with a big pile of the latter nearby in addition. In the salt-hut I had six plastered chests of salt, besides six bundles of stockfish which I had re-dried. Moreover, I had a hutful of hammocks and clothing, and in my castle a fine bed with all its appurtenances, two bottle-cases of brandy, one of Rhine and one of French wine, a bottle-case of mum and one of wine-vinegar; be- sides, an "anker" of French wine, a quarter cask of rusks, a chest of ship-biscuit, a chest of candles, a tea kettle, with a dozen cups and saucers; tea, coffee-beans, and a remnant of sage. 66 Narrative of Sjouke Gables Kettles, &c. (161) Compares his life to that of a king. All of these I fetched out of the bread-cellar with three new kettles, linen and woolen in sufficiency, tobacco, pipes, and what not. Now I lived the life of a king and in addition had the companionship of my dog. 175. "like a King I din'd too all alone, attended by my Servants; . . . My Dog ... sat always at my Eight Hand," etc [Cf. 117,151,286.] Goes into the wood for diver- sion and for game. At one time, taking a fine flint-lock musket ^® (for I now had six of them), I went into the forest for diversion, and also to see if I could get a bull. After I had walked about half an hour, I saw from afar an exceedingly large bird which was sitting on a high tree. I crept up as near to him as possible, and standing behind a large tree and laying my gun over a 70. "I went out once at least every Day with my Gun, as well to divert myself, as to see if I could kill any thing fit for Food," etc. [Cf. p. 212, where R., enumer- ating his muskets for the third time, adds one to their number, and uses a similar form of statement. Cf. p. 31.] 18 The cabin-boy did not include this in any of his in- ventories, and by bringing it in thus subsequently he gives variety to his narrative. In the same way he later introduces a sounding-line and lead (162), his spy- glass (165) and two large hooks with chains. (162). His spy-glass is one of the few articles from the wreck to be thus introduced by E. On this point cf. further, p. 69. Compared with Rohinson Crusoe 67 Kills a large bird. Descrip- tion of bird. (162) limb, I shot him right in the breast, so that he dropped dead. He fell as heavily as a big sheep. It was a wonder- fully large and pretty bird; his body was of the size of a cassowary that I had seen at Batavia. He was too big to carry, so I went and got my wagon, and Draager had to be hitched up. On the back end of the wagon I had a projec- tion like that on a sled for pushing. I laid an axe with some rope on the wagon and we set out and found the bird. I placed him on the wagon and brought him to the castle where I viewed him with in- terest. His bill was curved like an eagle's beak, but blood-red. His head and breast were of a golden yel- low, and on his head he had a very beautiful red tuft. His neck as far as his back was green and blue, like that of some of our tame ducks at home, and his back was jet 229. [After his re- turn from the Spanish •wreck E.] ' ' began to repose myself . . . lived easy enough. ' ' 61. [On a previous "view" of the country, the day after he landed, E.] "shot at a great Bird which I saw sitting upon a Tree on the Side of a great Wood; ... I took it to be a Blind of a Hawk, its Colour and Beak resembling it, but had no Talons or Clawa more than com- mon, its Flesh was Carrion, and fit for nothing," [Cf. Introd., p. xlvii.] 84. "Nov. 14, 15, 16 . . . kill'd a largo Bird that was good to eat, but I knew not what to call it." 68 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes black. His wings were blood- red like the best parrot feathers, and so too was his tail. His legs were very large and black, and on them were very thick and red curved claws. His wings were ex- ceedingly large, the shafts be- ing more than twice as thick as swan 's quills. I cut off his feet, wings and head, which I let dry. On stripping his body I found it very fat and white, and when cut up he was inconceivably fat inside, not strong but very sweet. I boiled and roasted from him several days. Draager and I gourmandized tidbits from him until he was gone. After some time I brought the shallop into the basin, and made some oars from the wainscoting that I had broken out of the great cabin and out of the round-house ; for I had taken down all the bunks in the latter, the wainscoting and cupboards in the former. 194, . . . "when wandring more to the West Point of the Island than I had ever done yet, and looking out to Sea, I thought I saw a Boat ... I had found a Pros- pective-Glass [sic] or two, in one of the Seamen 's Chests, . . . but I had it not about me," etc. . . . [Note that the use of his spy-glass by E. comes after fif- Compared with Robinson Crusoe 69 Sounds the basin. (163) Hooks a monstrous fish. Now, I rowed sometimes for diversion in the basin, to fish there. I had taken the sound- ing line and the lead from the wreck, and once wishing to sound the basin, I found it, a cannon shot from land, quite fifty fathoms deep. I had found in the ship three large hooks with chains, used for catching sharks. Fishing with these for diversion in the basin, I tied a stout stake to the line for my float, with an- other good set-float. Lower- ing to the bottom the hook with a piece of meat on it, I at once had so vigorous a bite that my floats went under like lead. I slackened my line, and rowed quietly to land, where, having made the shal- lop fast, I pulled up very gently and got the float in sight, which again was dragged down, when I in turn paid out my line again. This continued well nigh four hours, during which I alter- t e e n years, al- though mention of it was made in a paragraph supple- mentary to the list of objects taken from the wreck. This forms a strik- ing parallel to the earlier narrative. Kobinson intro- duces his Perspec- tive Glass (mis- printed * ' Prospec- tive ' ' in three places, pp. 194, 215), and variously written ' ' Glass, ' ' pp. 245, 274, 276; * ' Glasses, ' ' pp. 216, 220, 308; "Perspective," p. 238, and Perspec- tive Glass, pp. 274, 296.] 70 Narrative of Sjoiike Gahhes nately pulled in and paid out, until the fish being tired let himself be drawn near to the shore. I had passed my line over the thick limb of a tree that overhung the water, and over this I pulled and brought him up. As soon as I saw a great big head above the surface, that was more than mon- strous,^^ and such a danger- ous mouth stretched wide open, I ran frightened into my hut. When I looked out he was sinking gradually towards the bottom, drawing the line very gently after him. I tired him out and again gently drew him close to the shore, and two feet above the water, when I looked at him attentively. He was flat and quite as large as a good- sized table, well nigh like a (164) ray, and was of a brown color. Releases I took a cutlass and severed him. 19 "Zeer monstereus" (Cf. E. C. 349, "vast mon- strous"). Compared with Robinson Crusoe 71 the line next to the chain, when he once more settled in- to the water and did not come to sight again. I thought of him very often, but never be- fore nor since that time have I seen such a monster. Shoots black swans. Again, once upon a time when I was on Outlook moun- tain, I saw a great many large black birds in the depresesion or outlet through which the basin discharges into the sea. I quickly loaded two guns and going thither I shot with two charges five of the birds, so close together were they, and getting one of them, I saw that they were black swans. They floated with the flood tide towards the basin. I fetched my shallop, picked up the other dead ones, brought them into a hut, plucked them and saved the feathers. Their grease was suitable for my lamp. I salted four and dried them in the smoke. In all my 111. "I kiU'd a Sea-Fowl or two, something like a Brand-Goose. " 83. "killed two Fowls like Ducks. ' ' 72 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes (165) First use of spy-glass. Discovers people on the strand. First visit of savages. stay similar birds had not been there. I shot a good many of them for the grease, and for the feathers with which I filled four bed-ticks. After some time they went away and did not return. Now I and my Draager lived as we pleased. But the world and all that is therein and thereon are subject to change. After I had lived a considerable time very quietly and happily with my dog, thinking little more of the fatherland or of the ship, I was on one occasion on Out- look mountain, looking around with a spy-glass, when I discovered some people near the stake. This threw me into fear and into hope, for I did not know whether it would bring me good or ill, happi- ness or misfortune. Betaking myself to my castle, I loaded my six guns, closed my door and stopped the peep-holes, except one 197. [After eigh- teen years on the island] "live just in the same com- pos 'd Manner as before . . . redu- e'd to my former calm, sedate way of Living." 215. "mounted to the Top of the Hill, and pulling out my Prospective-Glass ' ' [sic] ..." I pres- ently found there was no less than nine naked Sav- ages." [First vis- itation, and first u^e of spy-glass by either exile! Cf. also 238.] 215. "Then I pre- par'd myself with- in, putting myself in a Posture of De- Compared with Rohinson Crusoe 73 Prepares for defence. Natives build fires. towards the strand. I bound Draager's muzzle so that he would not bark. Looking out, I saw men, women and chil- dren marching towards the wreck, entirely unconscious of my castle. They looked at the wreck and went on to the river where, finding my huts, they made frightful gestures and shouts which disturbed and frightened me a good deal. All of them together could not do anything to me in my castle, but they were, by my guess, about a hundred strong, and really could starve me out. From the wood-hut they fetched wood and thanks to its dryness made fire quickly, and appro- priated all of my dried fish that they could find. I wit- nessed all their doings through a peep-hole. They sat in five fence; I loaded all my Cannon, that ia to say, my Muskets, which were mount- ed upon my new Fortification, and all my Pistols, and resolv'd to defend myself to the last Gasp, not forget- ting seriously to commend myself to the Divine Pro- tection, and earn- estly to pray to God to deliver me out of the Hands of the Barbar- ians." 212. "I fancy 'd myself now like one of the ancient Giants, which were said to live in Caves and Holes in the Rocks, where none could come at them," etc. [This was after the first visitation of savages. Cf. su- pra, p. 215.] 74 Narrative of Sjouke Gaihes Discover casUe. (166) Tmst in God. groups about the fires. "While they were eating, warming themselves and blustering about, one of them (I believe) saw my castle, whereupon he uttered a cry and all came shouting towards me, each running at the top of his speed. While they were still at the wreck, I prayed God that he would inspire in me what was best for me. The chances were that I could shoot the half of them dead, but I had no water. They could prob- ably very speedily have starved me out. Then, too, I could not know if still more Southlanders were approach- ing or not, and all this made me full of anxiety and fear. In case I came out, they could kill me. I knew of no remedy. God had saved me from so many dangers, I now prayed earnestly to Him again; and when I had finished, I kindled a fire in God's name, ate my 102. "I had no water in my whole Habitation. ' ' Compared with Robinson Crusoe 75 Fires a shot into the air. Goes towards sayages. (167) fill of rusks, drank a cup of wine with them, and gave Draager his bellyful of fish and ship-biscuit. I fired a shot into the air, at which they all fell on their faces. I drank another cup of wine, and went out of my castle with my cutlass and a loaded gun. They lay at the side of the castle in the edge of the wood, still all on the ground ; when, coming out of my hut, I said to them, "Men, what country is this ? ^^ and what people are you ? ' ' They all remained flat on the ground until I lifted one up by the hand, and made signs to him that the others also should stand up, which they did. Then I motioned to them that they should sit down. This I did with great polite- ness, with one arm out- stretched motioning down- wards to them, at the same time turning my head some- 20C/. The Isle of Pines. Boston, 1920, p. 57. 34. "It is impossi- ble to express the Astonishment of these poor Crea- tures at the Noise and the Fire of my Gun ; some of them were even ready to dye for Fear, and fell down as Dead with the very Terror. ' ' 241. "I took him up" [Friday] 250. "taking him up by the Hand." 243. ' ' I made Signs for him to go," etc. [Cf. p. 249.] 76 Narrative of Sjotike Gahhes Distrib- utes food to savages. what, at which they all again fell to the ground on their faces. They regarded me pos- sibly as one of their gods, be- cause I was white and had thundered. Having the gun in my hand, I fired it over their heads. They remained prostrate, lying there like dogs. Taking advantage of this, I fetched out another loaded gun, with a basket-ful of ship-biscuit, and taking my former position, I again lifted up a man, indicating to him that they should all stand up, which they did, and after I had distributed the biscuit among them, they became more at ease, took each other by the hand and danced thus around my castle, singing and sometimes clapping hands. They were all as naked as they were born, and without shame disburthened them- selves from behind and before like dogs, and that too with- out even turning themselves 288. "for it was impossible to them to conceive that a Man could dart Fire, and speak Thunder, and kill at a Distance with- out lifting up the Hand, as was done now. ' ' 251. "and I be- lieve, if I would have let him, he would have wor- shipped me and my Gun." 216. "they were stark naked, and had not the least Covering upon them. ' ' Compared with Robinson Crusoe 77 Two races of savages. around. This band was of two races, so far as I could see, some as black as pitch, with wool on their heads; others were russet-colored like fallen and dried leaves, and had long hair. The women had very thick bellies, and long drooping breasts, and were impudent bitches. After they had danced and shouted awhile, they all dis- appeared in the forest. I thanked God that he had de- livered me from this peril. I now believed myself to be above all danger, and went and examined my huts. I found that my wood and fish were mostly gone; the other things they had not touched. I thought it was now time to provision my castle, in case they should come again. I poured out the brandy from twelve anker-cases, and rinsing the bottles, I filled them with water and brought them into my castle, further 216. "for an Hour and more before they went off, they went to dancing, and I could easily discern their Pos- tures and Gestures by my Glasses. ' ' [First visitation.] 238. "they were all dancing in I know not how many barbarous Gestures and Fig- ures their own Way, round the Fire." [Second visitation.] 107. "I fill'd a large square Case Bottle with Water, 78 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes Gets more things from wreck. (169) furnishing it with four bottle- cases of mum, four cases of French and three of Rhine wine, and two of wine-vin- egar. From the bread-hut I brought over the remaining three casks of rusks, with six- teen chests of ship-biscuit, ten Lej^den and twenty cream cheeses, twenty pots of oil, thirty bottles full of butter, thirty-six more cartridge cases with filled cartridges, besides of linen and woolen as much as I had room for, rope in sufi&ciency, kettles, axes, a shovel, et cetera. My castle was a half hour's walk from the wreck. I went to the latter with my wagon and brought away twelve more bottle-cases, after hav- ing set out the bottles which held brandy, and broken out the middle partitions; I brought the cases empty to my castle, to store things in. I piled chests and cases one upon another, up to nine and and set it upon my Table." Compared with Rohinson Crusoe 79 more space in castle by consol- idation. Provides ten feet high. First, I filled the undermost, then setting an empty one on this, I filled that also, and so in succession. My ladder, chests, and bottle cases were my steps, by means of which I brought the empty containers into position. I left the peep-holes everywhere free. When these were all thus stowed away and piled up one upon another, I still had, in spite of the quantity, a very large and spacious chamber, for it was twenty-eight feet, measured across right in the middle, from one wall to the other. I had enough lamp-wicking and tinder, besides candles, lamp and candlesticks. Next, I had to provide my- self with fire-wood and salt, which I also fetched. Fur- Adds fur- ther to his supplies in thcrmorc, I fetched as many empty chests from the gun- ner's room as I could store. With my dog I brought these the castle. 78. "I had no room to turn my- self; so I set my- self to enlarge my Cave and Works farther into the Earth." 80 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes (110) Harque- buses. Living in peace and plenty. into the castle, after having filled them with rope, rusks, and with whatever I fancied besides. Also, I concealed the rest of my cheese and oil. I now intended to defend my castle, provided no forces with firearms should come. My opinion was that I was well provided for six years. At one time, while I was examining the wreck careful- ly, I found two more casks of filled hand-grenades with fuses in them, and fetched a hundred and fifty over. Again, noticing the butter tubs, I filled three more bran- dy-ankers with butter. I found also four brass harquebuses -^ which I brought over, besides a keg of bullets. And now I had no more storage room, but was ready and provided with everj^- thing, I prayed to God that He would keep and help me, 21 Swivel-guns. 211. [R. removed to the newly found cave, for security, those things about which he was most' anxious — his pow- der and spare arms.] 213. "I was now in my twenty-third Year of Residence in this Island, and ... I could have been content to have capitulated for spending the rest of my Time there, even to the last Moment, till I had laid me down and dy'd, like the old Goat in the Cave. I had also arriv'd to some lit- tle Diversions and Amusements," etc. [This was after the first visitation of the savages.] Compared with Robinson Crusoe 81 Makes pas- sage way and gate. Second mention of use of spy- glass. Second visit of natives. (171) and continued to live in peace and plenty. I began to construct two fences, eight feet high, and eighteen feet long, one on each side of the door, extend- ing straight out, and in order not to be surprised, I closed this passage with a gate. I may add that I dared never go so far abroad as formerly, and always first scrutinized the wood or the river, and then used my spy-glass from the Outlook. In the course of time dur- ing the full moon, as I sat be- fore my door smoking, I heard in the direction of the wood a dreadful clamor and shouting that frightened me not a little. It approached nearer and nearer. I shut my gate and door as securely as I could, praying God for help. The noise went towards the river where it stopped. When day came, I saw at the river, by guess, probably [R's parallel was his passageway through the rock, which he finally closed with a door, pp. 121, 247.] 217. "yet all this while I liv'd un- comfortably, by reason of the con- stant Apprehen- sions I was in of their coming upon me by surprise. ' ' 218. "and if I did at any time ven- ture abroad, it was not without looking round me with the greatest care and caution imagin- able." [Cf. also p. 229.] 82 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes Means war. Third men- tion of use of spy-glass Katives have painted faces. Fires into the air. Natives laugh. a thousand people, some with wooden spears, and others with large clubs with which they broke in pieces my huts, and then burned them; from which I perceived that it was war. Having loaded my harquebuses and guns, I made ready to fight. I could see, through my spy-glass, that some of the natives had en- tirely colored their faces with a yellowish paint, while others had rings around their eyes, and a streak over their fore- head and nose. Most of them were not painted at all. They were holding a coun- cil, so it seemed, after which they came running with yells up to the castle and beat upon it with their clubs amidst a great clamor. I fired a shot up into the air, and looked to see whether like the first band they also would fall to the ground, but they remained standing and laughed, and continued to beat just as hard 238. [R's second mention of the use of his spy-glass was when he saw the Spanish wreck (p. 220). The se- cond visit of na- tives was his third, as it was also of S. Cf. supra p. 82, and references on p. 69 etc.] Compared with Rohinson Crusoe 83 Shoots into band. Natives return. (172) Renew attack. on my fort, so I shot, through a peep-hole, one of the painted ones in the head, and he tumbled over. Then I fired another shot into the band, and they gave a mighty shout and fled to the wood, taking with them two or three that were dead or wounded. ' ' God be thanked thus far," said I to myself. I took a "roe- jjjgj." 22 q£ wine on the vic- tory, and gave Draager a dish of fish. After about half an hour they came back with terrible shouts, but did not dare come very near, but went to the strand where they again held a council. Then twelve paint- ed ones with their wooden spears came forth up to my gate, but not being able to get it open, made signs to a group that had thick staves and clubs. These, after having 22 A long-.stemmed glass, bulging below the rim. The Germans have a saying, ' ' Rhein Wein aus Eoemern. ' ' Drink Rhine wine from "roemers." 84 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes Cuts off head of dead savage. forcibly broken open the gate, stepped into the passageway to my door, when I let fly at them with a harquebus loaded with musket-balls and case- Shoots six. gj^Q^^ g^ which six fell in their tracks, and the others went away on the run. I came out with a cutlass, killed those that were not dead, among whom was a youth whose head I cut off and threw out towards those that had re- tired, and they came and stood round about it. I went inside, loaded the harquebus as before, and then took three hand-grenades, and threw one into the crowd. They re- mained where they were standing and it struck. Some were wounded, but the others stood their ground. Indeed, even more came up, where- fore I threw my second and third in among them, which did good execution, for they yelped like dogs. They were still near by, so I took two 242. [Friday cuts off the head of dead savage with Eobinson 's sword. This was in this ease also the sec- ond visitation of the natives. Cf. In- trod., p. xliii.] Compared with RoMnson Crusoe 85 guns and coming with these to the end of the passage-way, I fired one into the crowd. One man fell in his tracks, and another uttered a cry. Presently I fired my other gun also, whereupon they went yelping towards the strand. Whether they buried (173) their dead there or east them into the sea, I do not know. jj,,j;^gg They went to the river build fires whcrc they made many fires "re^ight^ and stayed by them that day howling. and the whole night, all the while howling by turns, now at one fire and then at an- other. During the day I had repaired my gate. I slept quietly, for I had had a dram, and relied firmly on the wake- fulness of my dog. Enemies The suu had been up prob- return and ^^^y ^j^ hour whcU my CU- indicate submission, cmies agaui drew near the strand, silently and without a cry. Then they halted, and after holding a council, as it seemed, twelve painted 86 Narrative of SjouJce Gahies (174) heroes stepped out towards my castle with their wooden spears in their hands. I placed my harquebuses in readiness with my slow-match ignited and came with two loaded guns out in front of my door. At sight of me they fell upon their faces and after they had lain some time, one stood up, grasped an earthen sod, laid it on his head, crossed his arms before his breast, and came all bowed down towards me. Wlien he stopped I motioned to him. He came right up to my gate, and squatting, laid both of his hands like an ape on the sod that la}' on his head, also trying several times to speak, without looking at me. The main band were watching this from a distance, and his elev- en comrades remained lying on the ground. Having satisfied myself that everything was secure, I took my gun in my hand, Vol. II. 114. [On- ly in one passage does E. indicate a posture resembling in some degree that described in the other text:] ' ' their Posture was generally sitting upon the Ground, with their Knees up towards their Mouths, and the Head put between the two Hands, leaning down upon the Knees." [This has no such signifi- cance as squatting among the natives of Java, which even to this day indicates inferior- ity or submission. It's parallel to the squatting in Sjouke's narrative was the act of placing R's foot on Friday 's head by the latter. Cf. infra, p. 97.] Compared with Robinson Crusoe 87 hung a naked cutlass by a rope on my arm, and stepped to my gate (which was a stout hedge) where the native was squatting three or four steps away. I said to him, ''Here, fellow, what do you want?" He looked up and I motioned to him to come to the hedge. When he reached it, he began to howl, and clapping on his breast pointed to the dead bodies and then to the sea, from which I concluded that he wanted to fetch the dead bodies away. Hereupon I made signs that the others, in- cluding those that lay on the ground, should leave. He turned around and called to them, whereupon they all got up and ran to the large band on the shore. I bade him stand still. Gives sav ^^igh hc did. I fetched some age rusks , o. • i and wine, rusks and Spanish wme, which I ate and drank with him, I within, and he without, the gate. When I saw that 88 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes (175) Native removes bodies Gives sav- age wine and rusks for the band. that pleased him, I indicated that he must come alone and take away the dead bodies, first retiring a short distance, which he did. After I had unfastened the gate and gone into my castle, where I was sitting inside my door, with my harquebuses and guns ready, he came into the passage and dragged the bodies, one by one, a bit away outside the gate, and threw them down in a heap. When he had fetched the last one and was outside, I came out again with wine and rusks. Motioning to him to stand still, I shut my gate very tight, and made a sign that he should come to me, which he did. I presented him with six rusks and a bottle of wine. Taking these, he again squatted, and after having snored like a sleeping person, he got up and went to the main band. I stayed at the grate in order to be able to Compared with Robinson Crusoe 89 (176) see whatever they might un- dertake to do. Thirty-six painted heroes with their spears came howl- ing up to the dead bodies, and lifting them, carried them to the large band. When they reached it, a terrible howling and yelling began. They marched thus to the river. Similar outbursts continued through the entire night, first at one fire, then at another, and sometimes at two fires to- gether, all of which I could see and hear. In the morning the corpse- bearer came right up to my gate where he began to howl dismally. Perceiving through my peep-holes that no other people were near, I came out with gun and cutlass. He was squatting as before, with both of his hands on his head. I made a sign that he should remain thus, and turning around, I was proceeding to fetch wine and bread for him. [R. includes a ' ' howl ' ' in many of his descriptions of noise made by the natives:] Vol. II, 68. "they gave two great skreaming Shouts. ' ' Vol. II, 113. "dis- mal Skreaming and Howling! " Vol. II, 114, "they all run skreaming and yawling away, with a kind of a howling Noise. ' ' Vol. II, 116, "raisr ed a hideous Cry." Vol. II, 270. "made such a Howling and Crying, that I never heard a worse Noise. ' ' Vol. II, 330. "rais- ed a howling Cry. ' ' Vol. II, 331. "a most hideous Out- cry and Howling. ' ' 157. ' ' Bread, I mean the Bisket. " 90 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes Katives retire. Draager barked, and when I looked back, this chap was away up on the fence, but as soon as I saw him, I shot him and he tumbled down on the outside, whereupon a uni- versal yell and mighty howl went up at the river. A painted man came out from the band, just as the dead one had done. I threw two biscuits to him, and al- lowed him to drag off the dead body. On the w^ay several others met him to help him carry it. Wlien they reached the dead one they yelled at the top of their lungs, and when they joined the band with the corpse, they all yelled equally loud, as if the uttermost ruin were ap- proaching them. Finally they went off into the forest. Any- body can think whether I was glad. Having closed my gate, door and peep-holes, I lighted a fire and boiled and roasted like a prince, making good Cf. 56, 63, "Bis- ket;" 97, 121, 127, "Bisket - cake;" 23, ' ' Kusk or Bis- ket of their Kind. ' '] Compared with Robinson Crusoe 91 cheer with Draager. I set up a victory-beaker, and laid my- self quietly to sleep for a long stretch into the following morning. (177) Inasmuch as I had paper 75. "while my ink ir^nn-li T ■I^Tr^/^+/^ /1/~v»iti-> oil Inst^fJ, T Irpnt. enough, I wrote down all these events, and know them almost by heart from having read them often. lasted, I kept things very ex- act." [Cf. also p. 122.] To gain space in my castle I broke up my clay floor and threw it away. I embedded the oil pots in the ground, and consolidated my belongings as much in breadth and height as I could. I fetched more powder, case-shot and bullets from the wreck, with many more biscuit, and everything else that I considered neces- sary and could stow away. With crowbars and chisels I made four loop-holes, two towards the wood and one on 179. [R. gained space by enlarg- ing his cave. Cf. supra, p. 36.] 124. "This made me resolve to cut some more Stakes, 92 Narrative of Sjoitke Galhes Plants sharp poles around his fort. Approach possible by only one way. Finds sods on fence poles. Third visit of natives. each of the adjacent sides, and plastered them well. Around my fort I put into the ground stakes sharpened at the upper-end, in two rows that were two paces apart. And now no one could get near me in the fort except through my passage-way. Once upon a time during the night Draager began to bark violently, yet I heard no noise; but on awaking in the morning, I saw that all my poles were covered with green sods. Frightened at this, I thought that if an enemy were numerous enough, they might easily bury my entire fort. I looked about in all directions, but perceived no one. When I let Draager out, he betrayed no suspicions. Throughout the entire day I kept a sharp lookout, but saw no one. In the evening I made a light and went to bed. In the early and make me a Hedge like this in a Semicircle round my Wall; I mean that of my first Dwelling, which I did ; and placing the Trees or Stakes in a double row, at about eight Yards distance from my first Fence, they grew presently, and were at first a fine Cov- er to my Habita- tion, and after- ward serv'd for a Defence also, as I shall observe in its Order." 190. "I resolv'd to draw me a sec- ond Fortification, in the same Man- ner of a Semi-cir- cle, at a Distance from my Wall, just where I had jdanted a double Row of Trees, about twelve Years before. . . " Compared with Robinson Crusoe 93 (178) Surround- ed at night. Fires at random. Outlook. night Draager began again to bark. Having screened my light, I quietly opened my loop-holes and silently level- ling my harquebuses I let fly in different directions. There- upon followed a terrible yell. Directly closing the loop-holes again, I loaded my weapons with a heavy charge, and brought them again to bear. After about two hours Draa- ger began again to growl. I stopped him from barking, and at once fired around again, at which again fol- lowed the same sort of cry. I stopped up my loop-holes, loaded my harquebuses again and went to bed, leaving the watch and all to Draager. When day came, neither my dog nor I perceived any danger, and I went out in- tending to go to the Out- look, but dared not do so for fear of being surprised. I therefore stayed all day at and in the fort, keenly on the 214. "I was sur- priz'd with seeing a light of some File upon the Shore . . . (215) step'd short within my Grove, not dar- ing to go out, lest I might be surpriz'd 94 Narrative of Sjoiike Gahhes Natives build fires at night. (179) alert and keeping watch with Draager, In the evening, after I had shut fast my gate and door, I made a fire and a light. In the early part of the night Draager growled as before. Looking out through my peep-holes, I saw a great many fires, yes, fires without number, as well at the river and along the strand, as everywhere in the wood, which disturbed me some- what, though I speedily be- came calm, thinking that be- cause God had protected me so many times. He would pro- tect me now as well. Having placed everything in readiness that could serve in an approaching battle, and standing two lint-stocks close at hand, I gave Draager only a little to eat, so that he would not become drowsy. I ate some rusks with a little wine and went to bed, and slept until Draager waked me by barking. Then I heard a good . . . Then I pre- par'd myself ■with- in .. . not for- getting to com- mend myself to the Divine Protec- tion." Compared with Rodinson Crusoe 95 deal of noise, yells and calls, and what sounded sometimes as if there were singing. Wlien I looked out, I saw aflj-el^ the wreck in full flame, which so startled me that I could not stand. Creeping to my bunk I fainted away, but when I came to myself again, and realized the situation, I prayed to God, crying for help. After a few hours the fire reached the powder-room and caused a fearful blast, whereupon a terrible shout went up. The entire army was gathered near the wreck, dancing, jumping and sing- ing. In silence I awaited the outcome of it all, and placed myself entirely at ease, for I knew that I had food, drink, powder and lead, in a strong fort, where they could do nothing to me. When day came and there were no natives in sight, I stepped out well armed with Draager, went around my 96 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes Goes to burnt wreck. (180) Outlook. While he is asleep at the Out- look, castle is cap- tured. castle and looked in every direction with a spy-glass, but saw nothing unusual. Towards midday I thought I would take a walk over to the wreck and see what con- dition it was in. After I had had my mid- day meal, I went thither with Draager. I had a loaded gun hanging by a rope from my shoulder, and a cutlass-^ by my side. On my arrival there, I found some pieces and frag- ments, some of them still burning; tears moistened my eyes at the sight, I went with a sorrowful heart up to the Outlook to see if from there I could discover any people still in the vicinity. I saw not a soul, and sitting down there, I fell asleep. When I awoke I saw people at my castle. I was completely alarmed. I went down and walked slowly towards it, considering the 23There is no mention of a scabbard anywhere in this narrative. 216. "I took two Guns upon my Shoulders, and two Pistols at my Gir- dle, and my great Sword by my Side, without a Scab- bard." [ Cf. p. 177. This was af- ter the first visita- tion of savages ac- tually witnessed by R.] Compared with Rohinson Crusoe 97 while what I should do. As I neared the castle, I saw prob- ably thirty painted men, who had taken possession of it. Anybody can imagine my state of mind. I reflected ''delay is dangerous," and determined to die or win back my fort. My courage was greater than ever, and I looked upon these people as Approaches nothing better than dogs. As natives. ° . . "^ I was walking right up to them, one of their number without his spear came to- squats. wards me and squatted, as in the former case, and I mo- tioned to him to stand up, which he did. While we were standing quietly together, an- other of the group came to- wards me with a spear. About half-way, he threw from him his spear, and coming to (181) the first man, squatted. I motioned him to rise, which he did. Then he pointed to his people, beat upon his breast, and made a sign that 98 Narrative of Sjoiike Gahhes Made pris- oner and stripped. no harm should happen to me. While I stood thus, thinking what I should do, I was em- braced and seized from be- hind. The two that stood in front of me also darted for- ward, and the six of them took away my gun., and pulled off my clothes. Then I was as naked as they, and thought naught else than that they would kill me, the more be- cause those that were near the fort came up on the run with their spears, yelling; but one of those that had seized me made a sign to them, and they all threw aside their spears, came up to me, and all squatted. Compared with Rolinson Crusoe 99 Natives dance and sing around him. (182) March away with prisoner. And immediately standing up again, they took each other by the hand, and sang and danced thus round about me. I motioned towards my castle, thinking were I only in it, ''I would teach you a different kind of dance!" The six that had undressed me and stood by me, together laid hold of me and I too had to dance with them ; whereupon the others clapped their hands and shouted as loud as they could. I danced in a sorrowful mood although I now perceived clearly that they did not wish to kill me. The dancing having ended, I again motioned them towards my castle, whereupon one shouted and some twenty more natives came out of it into view, who had concealed themselves there until now. Wlien these joined us each man took up his wooden spear again. They placed me in their midst, and began to march along the strand. I kept looking at the fort, and as we passed it, I began to weep, over which they did not once con- cern themselves. We passed also the stake where I had dug up my chest et cetera, at the sight of which my heart became more and more op- pressed. Then, having walked along the strand about six hours, they turned to the left into the forest, and after a half hour came to a halt, and got some fruit of which we all partook. They broke boughs from the trees, and placed them on the ground for their bedding with me in 100 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes (183) Small bas- kets for smudges. Mosquitoes and flies. their midst, and gave some to me, which I laid under a big tree, and lay down upon them naked, and became as cold as ice. They lay round abovit me, sleeping quietly, except six that remained awake all the time and sang as they held watch over me, and periodically were re- lieved by others. On account of their singing and the cold I could not sleep. Noticing that, they made a fire, and laid me by it ; I recovered somewhat. I commended myself to God, and awaited patiently what should happen, thinking continually of my castle. In the morning we resumed our march, and after an hour came out of the forest at a pool where there were about a thousand little baskets, woven from thin twigs, of a fashion and size like a gunner's lantern. Of these each person took one, and they gave me one also. I examined it, and found that its bottom inside and halfway up was lined with clay or potter's earth, and that in it there was the bark of some kind of tree. I could not realize what this meant, but after an hour's walk, when the sun was somewhat higher, I saw millions of mosquitoes and flies come up out of the marsh, whereupon the people quickly set fire to the bark in their baskets, and made it smoke. This smoke had a pleasant odour, and kept all the mosquitoes and flies away from us. Having passed this morass, we came towards Compared with Robinson Crusoe 101 evening again into a wood, where they at once made fire, and proceeded to lie down around it, guarding me as before. In the morning we marched on again, and again came out on to the strand at a great bay. Proceeding along the strand about two hours, we encountered a river, and after having walked along it, we again entered a wood, where many fruits were growing. About midday we made a (184) halt, and another band joined us. The first all squatted. After that, they stood up and sang and danced like mad. The others had brouglit fruit with them, and after it had been distrib- uted, we went on again. After about two hours' march we found floating in the river many rafts tied fast with ropes to trees that stood on the se rafts bank. By means of these, we set ourselves across, cross -, .-, . and went on till we came to another river, again doing with the rafts that lay there, as we had done before. Having in this manner passed about six or seven rivers, we came to a sandy flat. We had now marched some seven or eight days. I was tired and dispirited, although they had done me every service they could. We crossed over this plain, and again entered the forest, when they all began to sing, some running ahead during the singing. I saw many people and huts afar off. Wlien we approached them great num- bers of the people came towards us to see me. 102 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes Comes be- fore aged chief. (185) Is married to native. We still went on, and I came in front of a large hut, where an oldish man sat in the door, before whom we all had to squat. After having looked closely at me he made me come to him. He held a long discourse with those that had captured me, but I could not understand what was said. When they had ended their discourse, I had to go into the big hut, where I saw four naked youths and six naked young females. These all came up to me, inspected me very closely, touched and felt my body all over. I stood there, stupidly, not knowing what they were going to do with me. After an hour all in the hut -* be- gan to sing and to dance around me, in which the master of the house also took part, and then one of the aforenamed females came and squatted before me. They motioned to me that I, too, must squat, and when I did so, the old man stood up and laying a hand on the head of each of us, began to shout so loud that I was frightened. Then those that were outside the hut answered. Those inside again began to sing and to dance, and those outside the hut did the same. This having lasted by guess a half hour, the young woman stood up, took me by the hand and walked outside with me, followed by the others. She led me to a neighboring empty hut, 24" Tent" — synonymous with "hut." Compared ivith Bohinson Crusoe 103 where this daughter and I went in. The others shut the door, after which they went away sing- ing and we two remained alone by ourselves in the hut. (186) I looked all through the hut, and saw in it a basket with roasted fish that was still warm. She took a herring out of it with her hand, opened it and offered it to me. I took time by the forelock, thinking I should recognize the opportunity and make use of it, and feast as much as I could. After this the door of our hut was opened, and I followed her out. She led me again into the big cabin, where roast meat, fish and eggs were set before me. Having eaten hurriedly, we went (187) to the river to catch fish. When evening came, I had to go to our hut again with my heathen, where we remained sleeping until morning. My greatest hardship was that I had to go naked.-^ Outcry. I had lived thus a month or two, when there arose one night a frightful outcry, which be- came more and more intense. My companion also cried and wept. I was frightened. She em- braced me all in tears, then releasing me she went and squatted, beating on her breast. I pushed open the door of our hut and saw in- numerable fires around as far as my vision could 25 E. " could not abide the thoughts of . . . going naked." 158. 104 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes reach, but did not know what it all meant. She indicated to me that it was oiir enemies, who would kill us. I motioned in return that we should flee. She made a sign that we were sur- rounded. We went together to the big cabin. The old man sat there dejected and groaning. Taking a wooden spear, I asked for warriors to go to meet the enemy, but the old man, shaking his head, got a horn, went to the door of the cabin and blew as hard as he could; thereupon followed the sound of about a hundred horns. Not knowing what that meant, I went to my hut, taking a wooden spear with me with the inten- (188) tion of protecting myself, whoever might come against me. My female companion followed me, lamenting and weeping. In the course of time day came, and I saw afar off several groups of men, people clothed and armed — to my great amazement. I also heard shooting, which ap- peared still more strange. Taking my female by the hand, I motioned to her that she should go with me towards the place where the shooting was. It seemed to me they would not kill me. She was unwilling to do so, and I went alone to meet the enemy, and came to a troop of horse, and when the captain saw me, he halted. I fell on my knees and clasped my hands together. He motioned to me to come to him, which I did, and was narrowly inspected by him. He caused a Compared with Rohinson Crusoe 105 Is clothed and mounts a horse. (189) Slaughter of savages coat, breeches and a hat to be given me, also a horse onto which I climbed, but not having sat a horse much in my life, one can think how that went. I rode in the front rank. And so riding gently forward we came to our hut. I pointed out to the captain that this was the hut where I lived, and asked him with folded hands to spare it. He at once placed several horsemen before the door, among whom was myself. Now I saw different troops coming from all sides. A cannon was fired, at which signal there began a murder- ing that was pitiful to see. Not only men and women, but children willingly let themselves be killed, without defending themselves more than did the ancient Jews on their Sabbath. This moved me to cry out, when an under-ofiScer look- ing at me sternly, rattled his sword, so I had to be silent, because he was in command of us who were in front of the hut. I asked him if I might go into the hut, which he with a sign permitted. I got off the horse and went in. All in the hut began to shout, and squatted. I hem-hem 'd to them, whereupon they became silent. This I had learned from the old man, who did that when he wished to be heard. They knew me from my white face, and from seeing my hands and feet, and my female darted to me and embraced me in tears. Upon my saying "hem ! hem !" she be- came still. She gave me a roasted fish and some 106 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes eggs, which I distributed among my fellow horse- men in addition to some fruit, which they ac- cepted and ate. It was strange that all these people so willingly let themselves be put to death, without offering the least resistance, just (190) as if they all were doomed to a religious sacri- fice.2« The massacre being ended, I rode as a newly captured horseman back with my troop, without knowing whither. After some days' march we came to an arm of the sea, where many rafts lay, some with two, others with three or four sails; by these we were all set over. Our company was a hundred men strong, rid- ing in ten ranks. Each rank had an officer or corporal. On their standards was a golden sun in blue satin, in which the angel Baloka in a purple garment was seated, writing. This had more eyes than are ever represented on Argus. His appearance was very wonderful, because it consisted altogether of eyes, ears and hands, goes to which appeared strange to me. "We were the first Kesmes company to return, of three thousand horsemen, being auxiliaries which this island, Krinke Kesmes, had loaned to her neighbors. Upon landing, I was placed in a peasant's house until an order came from Kesmes that I should go thither. On my arrival at Kesmes I was brought 26As described on page 83 of Krinke Kesmes. Compared with Rohinson Crusoe 107 into a scholastic assembly where twenty-four very eminent men were sitting. The chairman made (191) me sit at a small table, on which were paper, pen and ink. They indicated to me that I must write, and after I had done so, my writing went around. Writes out and each of these gentlemen inspected it in turn, his adven- yyj^iw an illustrious looking man, receiving it into tures. 1 • 1 T T • 1 his hand, read it aloud, and rising, asked me in good Dutch how I had come to the Kaskes nation (which word means "stranders," or "strand- dwellers " ) . In reply I recounted what had hap- pened to me; at which they all wondered. He bade me write out all this, which I readily did, because I knew it by heart, as well as I did my AB C's. After I had delivered up my paper, it was at once translated into the language of the country. In the afternoon ten lads came to me, greeted me in the Dutch tongue, which they could speak, read and write very well. After three days I was sent from the capital Kesmes to this city Taloujiiel to teach the Dutch language to young people here as my life work, which I am still doing. They give me very honorable maintenance, and my school is never larger than six young people, whom I instruct in the Dutch language and (192) teach them to understand, speak, read and write it. 108 Narrative of Sjouke Gahhes These Southlanders think that the happiness of their country and their good and very excellent government alone depend upon the proper education of the youth, and therefore no rags of women may be school mistresses, nor drunken tipplers, nor ill-mannered men, school- masters here. Such are despised as much as those that lack natural intelligence, or are idlers and cants and not smooth-tongued. They believe here that all, or most faults that are peculiar to many people, are those received in their youth from their tutors and teachers, and that the same remain by them through force of habit. Therefore the schoolmasters here must be intelligent, very attentive, provident and courteous. I have subjected myself to their laws and still live in accordance therewith as honor- ably as I can. Therefore I have been presented with this red coat and this red cap, which are garments of honor here. The sign embroidered on my breast means, in the language of this country, El-ho, that is free- man. DE HISTORIE VAN DEN EL-HO DE HISTORIE VAN DEN EL-HO (125) IK was een Jonge van twaalf jaaren, en kon leesen en schryven als ik op Bataviu voor Jonge in Kompagnies dienst aankwam, dit was in het jaar 1655. Daar drie maanden geweest zijnde, wierd my gelast om den aankomenden morgen, my met mijn kist te vervoegen op het Schip de Wakende Boey, dat na 't Zuidland zou zeilen, om de Schipbreukelingen van het Schip de Goude Draak, welk daar vergaan was, van daar te haaien, en op Batavia te brengen. Wy daar komende, vonden het Wrak van 't Schip, schoten drie kanonschoten tot zein dat wy daar gekomen waren, maar niemand vertoon- den hem op 't strand ; wy niemand verneemende, voeren met de Boot en Sloep na Land, om het daar gebleven Volk van de Goude Draak op te zoeken, dog dat alles was vergeefs, wy vonden geen leevend mensch of dier, maar een dor Land en naakte Strand, veel doornen en kreupel-bosch. Daar een dag vergeefs gezogt hebbende, zeil- den wy den tweeden dag de kust eenige uuren langs, elk glas een kanonschoot doende, zetten weer Volk naa Land om te zoeken, maar vonden niemand, dog zaagen eenige drukkingeu van bloote voeten in 't zand. (126) 112 Be Historie Den derden dag zeilden wederom hy 't Wrak. Settend daar wat van daan voor anker, de Boot wierd geordineerd de Strand langs te ontdekken, op hoope of zy 't Volk van de Goude Draak mogten vinden ; de Boot was voor eenige daagen met waater, eeten en drinken voorsien, deese ging van Boord de Wal langs ; van haar weedervaaren weet ik niet, ook niet of zy 't Volk gevonden hebben of niet. Voort naa 't afgaan van de Boot, wierd de Sloep naa Land gesonden, met twaalf Man om weeder te gaan zoeken, ik raakten als jonge meede in de sloep, begeerig om ook eens op 't Land te treeden, op hoope van eenige ververs- sing te vinden, want ik had al eenigen tyd in het Schip als opgesloten zonder ververssing geweest, in zulk een geleegendheid verlangd elk naa land en ververssing. Ik gelijk een jongen, was blijde dat ik meede aan land kwam, ik dagt weinig om te zoeken naa (127) 't Volk van de Goude Draak, 't was my om ver- verssing te doen. Wy aan land treedende, gingen landwaard in, na gissing wel drie uuren gaans, als wanneer wy aan een Bosch kwamen. Hier dagt ik niet anders als om ververssing of eenige vrugten te zoeken. Ik als een jonge my van 't Volk stille afzonderende, zonder eens te denken als ik in 't Bosch was hoe daar weder uit te komen. Ik agter aan gaande, verbergde my van den El-ho 113 agter wat kreupel-bosch, en raakten dus bosch- waard in, en was blijde dat ons Volk my uit het gesigt was, ik stak een pj^p tabak aan, daar meede ging ik het Bosch in ; dog naa ontrent een uur zoeken geen vrugten of ververssing vindende, wilde ik weeder keeren, en ons Volk of 't strand zoeken, ik ging wel twee uuren om uit het Bosch te komen, maar ik verdwaalden hoe langer hoe meer : ik riep, ik schreiden, ik kreet tot heesch wordens toe ! ik was vol schrik en vrees, mijne benaudheid was onuitspreekelijk ; nu zag ik eerst dat ik een jonge was, en jongens werk gedaan had, dat in my het aldersmertelijkste berouw baarde. Wat zoude ik doen? ik was moede geloopen, heesch gekreeten, benaud van herten, mismoedig van gedagten. Ik wierp my onder een Boom ter aarde, zugtende, kermende, en God biddende dat hy my wilde helpen ; den avond (128) viel, en ik raakten door vermoeidheid in slaap. Ontwaakende, was ik door koud, en de duister- heid baarden in my zoodaanige schrik en vreese, dat my mijn hairen te berge reesen, ik beefden als een blad, en het geruisch der Boomen zoo wel als de zuisende wind, ontstelden my elk oogenblik, mijn beklemd gemoed was doodlijk benaud, jaa zoodaanig, dat niemand als die in de schrikkelijkste doods gevaren zijn geweest, dat kan denken, weeten of begrijpen. Ik zugten inwendig tot God om liulpe, tot dat den dag 114 De Historie (129) begon op te komen, dat my vry wat verligte ; ik stond op, wist niet waar te gaan, wandelden om de wermte te krijgen wat heen en weer, stak om de koude mijn handen in de sak, daarin voelden ik mijn mes, tabaks-doos, vuurslag, tonteldoos, en een Bischuit, dit verheugden my niet weinig; dieper tastende, vond ik een kluwentje touw met cenige hoeken, my van een Matroos in bewaring gegeven, daar ik, zoo ik op strand bleef, meede visschen zou ; dit gezegde was nu al mijn rijkdom, mijn Scheepsplunjen waren niet veel waard, gelijk elk Zeeman weet wat een Jonge op 't Schip aan heeft. Ik peurden weer te gang om uit het Bosch te raaken, altijd roepende, ó Heere ! helpt my. Ik wenschten duisend maal dat ik een Berg mogt ontmoeten, van waar ik de Zee ontdekken kon, of een Riviere die my tot aan de Zee zoude brengen, maar hoe ik meerder zogt, hoe ik al meerder verdwaalde, niet eens om eeten of drinken denkende. Ik nam een besluit van altijd regt uit te gaan, waar my God ook brengen wilde ; dus doende, kwam ik teegen den avond, wat voor Sonnen ondergang, by een moerassige Poel ; waater ziende, dagt ik op drinken ; dat proevende, bevond het selve wat brak te zijn. Groef een weinig daar van daan met mijn handen een kuil, daar vers waater in kwam ; ik dronk, en wierd verkwikt ; het waater in de poel van den El-ho 115 was drabbig, bruin, en rood-agtig, als veen-poel- waater, of daar verrotte blaaden in zijn. Hier zat ik al weer zugtende, en schreijende, mijn droevig weenen had geen einde ! geduurig zugten ik ; zeggende, og ik arme Jonge ! wat zal ik doen ? waar zal ik heen ? 6 God ! helpt my ! Ik at mijn halve Beschuit op, rookten een halve pijp Tabak, en dronk uit mijn kuil; dit alles verkwikten my kragtig. Ik bedagt my wat ik doen zoude in zulk een uitterste nood ; Mensschen hulp ontbrak my, dies ging ik uit nood tot God; ik maakte mijn koussen los, viel op mijn (130) bloote knien neder, en riep tot God om hulpe; bad het Avond-gebed en het Vader Onse. Ik wierde zelf zoo beweegd onder het bidden, dat ik neer viel, en wierd flaauw en als van mijn zelve. Dit duurden tot het duister was; en ik moede zynde, leide my needer, en raakte al schreijende in slaap. Ik sliep den geheelen nagt door, en wierd wakker als de Son op was, dat my verblijde. Nu begost ik op myn behoudenis te denken; ik zat bij mijn waaterkuil, en verheugden my in 't vers waater, en dagt, dit is nog beeter als het stinkend waater te Scheep. Met scheen het my of ik aangestoten wierd, ik omsiende, zag niemand, en Bosch-waard in ziende, zag een zeer dikken hogen Boom, die zeer kenbaar om sijn dikte was ; opstaande, ging daar naa toe ; by den 116 De Historie zelven komende, gaf God my in, dat ik Boomen zou teikenen, om mijn waater niet te verliesen; ik mijn mes van leer, en schilden hem zoo wat of; ik maakten met mijn mes een houten beitelt jen tot het boom schillen, om mijn mes wat te sparen. Ik maakten ook een klein houten schupje, en nam een brave tak die ik voor aan scherp sneed, en agter aan een braven knobbel had, dit was mijn geweer. Ik wierd hoe langer hoe geruster, en ik begon onder dien Boom, daar (131) 't wat hoog was, een Hutje van takken op te regten ; onder mijn werken kwam het my weer voor als of ik gestoten wierd; omsiende, zag weeder niemand, maar verre van my ook zulken dikken Boom ; ik laatende de begonnen hut staan, stapten naa dien Boom toe, welke opk rondom ontbast hebbende, en doen weeder riaa een die verder stond, dit zoo vervolgende, raakten wel een uir of anderhalf van den poel. Ik zogt al voort, en dat op een linie regt uit, om metter tijd uit dit eensaam Bosch te raaken ; in 't gaan vond ik een Appel ! 5 Heer ! wat was ik blijde. Ik zag op, en was onder een wilden Appel-boom; mijn kodde-spiets en schupje van my werpende, klom ik met groote vreugde den Boom op, at mijn buikje vol, en plukten zoo veel, die ik onder den boom in 't gras smeet, dat ik afkomende, mijn hoed en beide koussen vulde, en nog eenige liet leggen. van den El-ho 117 Ik van boom tot boom die geteikend had weder te rug, en by mijn eersten dikken boom komende, die als op een kleine hoogte stond, groef ik een kuil, welke onder met blaaden beleide, daar mijn appels op ley, die weeder met blaaden dekte, en boven met sand oversmeeten hebbende, had ik een modliol. (132) Ik stak eenige takken in de grond, die boven wat vlegtende, en dagt, dat mijn takken niet dekken, moet den Heemel dekken. Nu wandelden ik naa mijn waater, dan naa mijn hut, om al wandelende to overdenken wat ik doen zou ; mijn droefheid en benaudheid ver- minderde hand over hand. In mijn hut sittende, en een appel eetende, dagt ik lieve God, wat is des menschen leven, hoe swerft men van 't eene Land in 't ander om geld en goed, ik heb maar Waater en Appels, en ben nu wel te vreeden als ik die maar krijgen kan, dat ik mijn Appelen nu voor goud ver- ruilen kon, ik zou dat waarlik niet doen. Wanneer den avond viel, bad ik God, en lei my in mijn hut op wat takken en blaaden ter neer, slaapende veel geruster als te vooren ; des morgens ontwaakende, begon ik bedaarder op mijn behoud te denken, jaa zoodaanig, als of ik in 't bosch mijn leven zou moeten einden, dat ik te vooren door al te grooten droefheid en angst niet doen kou. 1]8 De Historie My dagt dat ik eerst eens zou drinken, dan naa mijn appel-boom gaan, en die daar nog onder leggende appelen bergen; daar naa de boomen zoo als ik begonnen had al voort te teekenen of (133) t'ontbasten; en dat op een regte lijn, om zoo eindelijk uit het bosch te geraaken, en agt op alle Fruit-boomen te nemen ; zoo gedagt, zoo gedaan. Ik peurden na myn appel-boom, met myn kodde-spies gewaapend; daar komende, vulden ik mijn sakken met die daar onder geleegen ap- pelen; en al regt uit voortgaande, ontschilde ik de boomen op zoodaanigen verheid, dat ik die makkelijk kon sien, nu en dan eenige vrugt- boomen vindende, die bysonder teekende, tot ik naa eenigen tijd zoo ver kwam, dat een klein soet Riviertje vond, waar ontrent zig ook verscheiden en meer Vrugt-boomen vertoonden, welke ik niet en kende; maar at daar van in Godsnaam ; zy bekwamen my wel. Nu vergat ik mijn Mod-hol, Poel en Appel- boom; ik volgden de Rivier, welke my naa eenigen tijd uit het Bosch geleide, tot aan een Berg, aan wiens voet een groote kom van brak Waater was, daar hem deese Rivier in ontlaste, en die kom ontlaste haar weeder door een smalle sleuf in Zee, zoo als ik daar naa bevond. Ik rusten by deese kom, en sag een Visch springen, kreeg een hoek met mijn tou, bragt die met mijn kodde-spies te waater, aan de hoek van den El-ho 119 een stukje appel doende, en ving voort een goede (134) Baars, dien ik schoon maakte, en van desself s ingewand weeder aanslaande, ving ik nog vijf a ses schone Baarsen, die schoon maakende, bried ik die aan houte speeten, zy smaakten lekker en goed. Mijn Tondel was weinig, dies tornden ik een mouw uit mijn hembd, daar de brand in steekende, doofden dat tusschen mijn beide Schoenen uit ; nu was mijn Tondel-doos weer vol, en ik van alles klaar. Wel gegeten en gedronken hebbende, klom ik den Berg op, van wiens top ik de Zee kon zien, naar gissing een groot uur gaans ver; dien Berg was maar een hogen heuvel, als alleen in het vlakke land staande. Ik had wel gegeeten, als gezegt heb, en wan- delden naa de Zee, op hoope of ons Schip of Volk daar nog was ; maar vond niemand. De Strand dus langs wandelende, zag ik geduurig om, dat den Berg niet uit mijn gesigt raakte ; ik al voort- gaande, dagt my dat ik een Mast zag agter een Duin, en met sijn top daar boven over uitsteek- ende ; my dagt ook dat ik voetstappen zag, doch deeze verdweenen weeder. Op de Duin komende, zag ik een opgeregte Staak, daar een Tinnen plaat aan was gespijkerd, daar de naam van de Schipper en het Schip op (135) stond, daar ik meede gekomen was. Dit ont- stelden my weeder op 't nieuw, en egter was my 120 De Historie deese staak of paal en bord, als half geselschap- agtig; ik was een Jongen, en kusten de Staak verscheiden maal met betraande oogen. Ik setten my neder met de rug tegen den paal, het hoofd in de hand, en zag bedroefd te Zee- waard in. Ik rees weder op, heen en weder voorby die staak wandelende, en dikwils het bord leesende, besloot ik de Paal met mijn handen los te graven, alzoo die in duin-sand stond, om dat ik de spijkers daar uit dagt te krijgen ; dit den- kende, trad agter de staak om daar naa te sien, en zoo als ik na de spijkers en de paal van agteren zag, wierd ik een Briefje en een tinnen plaatje daarboven gewaar, welke daar gespijkerd waaren ; vindende daar op, Jongen, graaft agter deese Staak ; dit ontstelden my nog meer, als eerst de staak had gedaan; een koude grilling reed mij door de leeden, mijn hairen reesen my te berg, ik wierd benaud, en vreesden zeer, ik beefden, en wist niet waarom. Ik zetten my weer needer tegen den paal, tot dat ik bedaarde. Doen nam ik mijn kodde-spiets, en begon te peilen in 't zand, en vond iets hards, omtrent een vadem agter de staak; ik trok met mijn handen aan 't (136) krabben, tot ik op een plank kwam, en al voort arbeidende, bevond het mijn Scheeps-kistje te zijn. Ik riep, ó goede God ! ik danke u, o Heere ! helpt my dog voortaan; ik huilden van blijd- schap, en al schreijende arbeiden ik mijn Kistjen van den El-ho 121 daar uit. Op het deksel was een Presenninge gclegt, en om de Sleutel die in 't slot stak, was doek omgewonden, om dat het zand het slot niet beschaadigen zouw. Ik sloot met groote vreugde mijn kistje op, en vond het volgende op een Brief: Jongen, alzoo wy naa neegen daagen zoehens en ivagtens, nog Volk van de GOUDE DRAAK, nog U heUen konnen vinden, is goed gevonden te vertrekken, (alzoo 't op deese Kust kwaad leggen is) en ii Kistjen en goed hier te hegraaven, ten einde, indien gy hier koomt, u daar van te dienen. Begt boven op dit Dnintjen, is een kleyn paalt jen ingeslaagen, daar 07ider zijn nog eenige nood- zakelijkheden voor u begraven. Vaart wel. Ik viel op mijn knien, dankten God voor sijn goedheid, en bad voor de behouden Reis van mijn Schipper en Schip. Opstaande, stopten ik een volle Pijp, dat 'er nu op staan kon, ik mijn Kist doorsiende, vond daar in dit volgende goed. 3 Hcmhden, 2 Linnen Hembdrokken, 2 Linnen Onderbroeken, 4 Dassen, 2 Paar Koussen, 1 Paar ^^^"^ Schoenen, 1 Laakense Broek en Wambais, zijnde dit mijn landganger, 1 Engelsche Muts, omtrent 1 Pond Tabak, elf Pijpen, 1 Tinnen Kopje, 2 Tinnen Leepels, 3 Messen , 8 d 10 Veeters, wat Naalden en Gaaren, 2 Kammen, 1 Stoops Boutelje met wat Arak, 12 Vel Papier, wat Pennen en Inkt, 1 Psalmboek. 122 Be Historie Ik dronk een soopje op mijn pijpje als een Heer. Nu wierd ik weer gerust en vrolijk. Ik besloot den aankomenden nagt bij deese staak te campeereen, om mijn goed te bewaaren, daar nog Mensch nog Dier was die my beroven kon; Jongens werk ! Ik mij beraadende, ging op de duin, en zag het paaltje, peilden daar met mijn spiets, op twee voet diep was het hard, ik weer aan 't krabben, dog was nauw een voet in de aarde, of vond een Schop, bloed wat was ik blijde ! ik aan 't graaven, dat beeter spoet maakte als 't krabben met mijn handen. Ik ontdekten eerlang een Plank, en daar onder mijn Kooy, deese was nog met een brave Presenninge om- wonden ; ik dit alles boven op hebbende, vond in 't openen den volgenden Brief. Jongen, nadien gy tnoogelijk u leeven hier zult eindigen, m verstaan u dit goed te vereeren. De Meester geeft u sijn Brand-glas, om by gebrek van Tontel vuir te maaken, neevens een stuk Swaavel tot Swaav el-stokken. Vaart wel. Ik was yverig alles door te zien, en vond dit volgende goed; 1 Plank, 1 Brave Presenning, mijn Hangmat, Bultzak, Kombaars, Hoofdkus- sen, 1 Sloop, 1 Bijl, 1 Kort-roer, 2 Kardoesen Kruit, 100 Kogels, 1 stuk Platlood, 1 Scheeps- houwer met zijn riem, 1 vaatje Brandewijn, 2 Stoops Botteljes Spaanse Wijn, 100 Beschuyt&ti, 1 Kooperen Pannetje van een Mingelen, 1 van den El-ho 123 (139) Keulsche Pot met Tabak, nog een Prik, weegende wel 2 a 3 pond, 1 Blase met Kruit, nog 1 Kardoes met Kogels, 2 Lijnen Vis-want, 1 Doosje met Hoekken, 12 Vuirsteenen, 1 bosje Swaavelstok, 1 bos Pennen, 1 Pennemesje, 2 Boek Papier, 1 Looden Inktpot, met 1 kawietje Inkt, het Nieuwe Testament, de Reise van W. Y. Bontekoe, en die van P. van den Broeke, nog een rond Spiegeltje in een blikken doosje. Nu veranderden ik van voorneemen om by de Staak te blijven. De Weg van de Berg of heuvel tot hier toe, had ik als een winkelhaak gegaan, dat nu regt toe regt aan veel naader was; dies dagt ik dus mijn weg te neemen. Ik maakten mijn Kist leedig, die weer vullende met de Beschuit, Bussekruit, Tabak, Papier, Boeken &c. Ik trok drie Hemden aan, met nog een onderkleed, en hong de Houwer op de zijd, de Bijl en Schop op de nek, en 2 Boutteljes met een tou om den hals ; dus ging ik naa mijn Rivier toe; en alzoo het warm was, sweeten ik niet weinig, dat ik met een frissen dronk weer herstelde. Terwijl als ik rusten, dagt ik wat ik doen zou; ik groef een groot gat op een hoogte, dat bestrooiden ik onder in met blaaden, daar takken over heen ley, daar op bergden ik myn goed, dit dekten ik met takken en zooden ; des agtermiddags haalden ik mijn kooije, met het 124 De Historie roer, een blaase met busse-kruit, kogels en byschuit [sic] in mijn zak. By de Rivier komende, sloeg op de hoogte by mijn Kelder vier paaltjes in de grond, daar mijn hangmat aan vast maakten. Ik deed nog een togt, haalden de pressennige, bonttelje met arak, vis-wand, en hoekken, met wat kogels; by mijn kooy koomende, sliep ik gerust, tot den dag aan kwam ; deesen dag keeeg [kreeg] ik al mijn goed by de rivier ; nu was ik een rijk man ! Ik kreeg pen, papier, en inkt, en schreef dit voorgaande op. Ik sprak een Gebedt, zong een Psalm zoo goed als ik kon. Nu moest ik een goede plaats voor mijn hut zoeken ; rondom ziende, zag niet verre van my (140) een braven hogen en groenen heuvel, digt aan de rivier; ik ging derwaarts, die besiende, be- haagden my wel. Mijn Bijl en Schop gehaald hebbende, kapten ik zoo veele groote en kleine takken, als ruim noodig had ; die in de grond graavende en steekende, boven en rondom door een vlegtende, zoo digt als mogelijk was, en maakten in korten tijd een digte hut. Die dus verre voltooid hebbende, haalden ik mijn Wand, dat ik in de zoute kom geset had, op, waar aan verscheiden Baarsen waaren ; hier van kookten ik in mijn Pannetje. Wel gegeeten, en een koelen dronk genomen hebbende, haalden ik mijn hang- van den El-ha 125 mat in mijn hut, die wel ophangende, bragt ik daar mijn kooy in, met mijn meeste goed. Nu wilde ik de Kom eens aan deese zijde om- wandelen, en zien wat daar te doen was. Daar de rivier in de kom valt is 't waater zeer rood, als ook de strand daar ik groef, was het als leem, kleeverig en glad ; ik smeet een schop vol wat ver op 't land, om te zien wat het was, een quartier- uur voortgaande, vond een roode klippige oever, met veele kuilen ; dit duurden wel een groot quartier, als ik weerom wandelde, om de roode leem te ondersoeken, die wat dun uitbreidende, ging naa mijn hut ; ook haalden ik wat vrugten. (141) My schoot in, dat indien de Leem goed was, ik een schoone Hut zou konnen bouwen. Naa de leem gaande, bevond ik dat die droog, herd en sterk waar, daar over ik my zeer verblijde. By mjai hut komende, practiseerden onder een pijp tabak wat my te doen stond. Ik hieu een party dikke en steevige Takken, die van alle zijd- takken gekort hebbende, groef die vry diep en digt by malkander in de grond, als een ronde kring; zijnde dit rond agtien van mijn voeten wijt, dit begon ik van onder op te vlegten, als een Boeren-tuin, en alzoo ik daar aan byna geduurig arbeide, had ik dit in weinig daagen zoo hoog, als van de grond maaken kon. Niet hooger konnende koomen, moest ik een ladder maaken, waar toe twee brave regte takken 126 De Historie bereide, elk lang negen van mijne voeten. Maar alzoo geen boor nog beitel had, moest ik met mijn mes de gaten maaken, 't welk my zoo hard viel, dat blaren in mijn handen kreeg, mijn arbeid moest staaken, en ligter werk doen, of stilzitten. De deur of ingang van mijn Hut, had ik vijf van mijn voeten hoog, en derdehalf breed gemaakt ; hier toe wilde ik een deur vlegten, daar meede besig zijnde, schoot my in, dat ik in 't (142) Vaderland wel vierkante Vogelkooitjes van willige Teenen gemaakt had. Ik liet de deur staan, en begon te arbeiden aan een Boodem van anderhalf voet vierkant ; deese aan de zijd ook anderhalf voet optuinende, had ik een mand, en die omkeerende, een stoel, kostelijk huis-raad! Ik hier meede naa de leem-strand, smeerde mijn mand van buiten met de leem, die in de Son droogende, besprengden die met een groene tak met waater, dan de reeten met de hand digt strijkende, wierd mijn mande zoo digt en hard, als of sy met roode steen omtrokken was, dat my niet weinig verblijden ; nu kon ik kisten voor mijn goed maaken, en wat ik van nooden had. Dit deed my denken, dat ik terstond weer begon te vlegten nog twee zoodaanige korven; deese veerdig hebbende, hakten ik een steevig hout, een vadem lang, aan elk eind een touw, bond de manden daar aan, dit had ik als een melk-juk ; hier haalden ik nu leem meede naa de van den El-ho 127 hut. In de hut eenigc kijkgaateu gesneeden hebbende, tijden ik aan 't smeeren, sprengen en strijken, en kreeg mijn hut in drie daagen vijf voeten hoog, besmeerd, glad en droog, en was zoo vast en hard als of sy van roode steen gebakken was. Mijn handen weeder herstelt zijnde, vatten (143) ik mijn leer weeder aan, windende linnen om mijn mes, en wat langsaam werkende, kreeg daar vijf sporten of treeden in ; door behulp van deese, tuinden ik mijn hut boven toe, laatende daar boven in een gat een voet groot, zoo voor lugt als rook, dat ik met een deksel kon sluiten en oopenen. Mijn dak bestreeken en droog gewor- den zijnde, meenden ik een Kasteel te bezitten. Voorts maakten ik verseheiden manden, die als mijn hut met roode leem bekleedende, zoo tot berging van mijn goed, als om winter provisie in te doen. Ook bouwden ik nog een schoone vierkante hut by den mijnen aan, die vijftien voeten elke zijde vierkant was ; een schoon en sterk gebouw, heb- bende boven een gat als mijn ander, en beneeden kijkgaaten. Nu was ik al Heer van twee Kas- teelen, daags sehrecf ik mijn doen aan, en door 't dikwijls leesen, kon ik dat al van buiten. Op een tijd wat vrugten willende haaien, zag een braven heuvel als met handen gemaakt, deese was rondom beset boom aan boom in de ronte, 128 De Historie en een boom in 't midden ; ik kon deese van mijn hut zien, maar had daar nooit aan gedagt, dit was vier honderd treeden van mijn huis. Ik my bedenkende, haalden mijn bijl, en kapten drie (144) boomen twee voeten boven de grond af, daar binnen treedende, kon niet anders zien of dit was daar zoo gepoot; mijn leer haaiende, kapten ik de boomen in 't rond af, laatende de stammen tien voeten hoog, den middelsten stam liet ik twintig voeten lang, hem berovende van alle sijne takken, en haar alle aan de grond ont- bastende. Deese Boomen waaren in de rondte agtien en twintig duimen dik ; hier dagt ik een Fortres te bouwen ! ging daar daags voor tijdverdrijf aan tuinen, met dikke takken, die ik met een staak op een sloeg. Dit Kasteel wierd naa eenigen tijd volmaakt op het dak naa, dat 'er ook naa verloop van tijd mede op kwam; mijn deur was twee en een half voet vierkant, twee voeten van de grond; hier haalde ik mijn vaatjen Brande- wijn, en een blaas vol Buskruit, mijn halve Beschuiten, wat Kogels & e. Op 't laast ging ik daar met mijn Kooy en meeste goed woonen, begraavende het overige in mijn andere Huisen, daar 't wel bewaard was. Ik had ook al een geheele steene mand vol zout gewonnen in de kuilen van de roode rots, aan het einde van de zoute kom. Ook had ik al een van den El-ho 129 brave party gedroogde Visch gemaakt. Ik had ook veele korven, van buiten en binnen met roode (145) leem bekleed, en deksels daar op, gevlogten Taafels, Stoelen, en Bedsteede; mijn leeven was nu geheel gerust. Ik wist van geen daagen, weeken, maanden nog jaaren. Ook wist ik niet hoe lang ik daar geweest had, Naa een langen tijd, als ik gerust sliep in 't midden van een duistere nagt, hoorden ik een vreeslijk gebrul, verwerd door malkander, dat my wakker maakte ; dog ik bleef gerust, alzoo my niemand, nog Mensch, nog Dier, in mijn Fortres kon beschadigen. Egter maakten ik vuur, dat ras gedaan was, alzoo altijd een goed deel zeer drooge takken, en ook gekloofd grof hout had ; mijn deur was geslooten, en mijn kijkgaaten toegestopt. Mijn Geweer klaar gemaakt hebbende, leide wat hout aan, en ging weer te kooy. Den dag komende, was ik nieusgierig te weeten wat 'er was ; mijn kijkgaaten openende, zag ik seeven swarte Stieren, die scheeuen als gevogten te heb- ben, alzoo 'er twee a drie onder waaren die bloeden. Eene na mijn Kasteel komende, kwam op twaalf of veertien treeden bj' mj-, stil staande, en ziende naa mijn fort; ik leide mijn roer uit een kijkgat, en schoot hem regt in sijn sterre, dat hy needer plofte, en terstond weer laadeude, 130 De Historie (146) maakten my gereed of 'er meer kwamen, maar de andere vertrokken weer Bosehwaard in. Dit was het eerste Wild dat ik gezien had. Ik naa hem toe, met schop, houwer, en mes; hy lag op zy; ik konde hem niet op syn rug krijgen, dog groef een greb agter hem daar hy ontrent op sijn rug kwam in te glijen. Ik hieuw met de Bijl de strot af, daar hy dapper uit bloede, hem optornende was hy zeer vet; en haalden uit myn ander huis een teenen taafel, daar het vet op leide, dat zeer veel, en meer dan honderd pond was; ik teeg strak aan 't smelten met mijn kooperen pan, en kreeg twee brave geleemde manden vol vet, als ook drie manden vol van het beste Vlees, dat ik zouten ; de blaas die blies ik op, de dermen reinigden ik aan de kom, eenige droogden ik, andere vulden ik met gezouten vlees en vet, daar van eenige in de rook, en andere in de lugt droogende; sijn hoorens sloeg ik af, die drogende en schrapende, waren goede beekers. Ik kookten en braaden van hem, tot hy begon te ruiken, doen maakten ik een diepe groote kuil, laatende hem daarin glijden, hem wat met hef- boomen helpende, en met aarde bedekkende, en (147) dankte God voor syn goedheid. Veelmalen op eiken dag, zag ik met vreugde naa myn kost. Myn Brandewijn nog Wijn had ik niet aange- roerd, ik bewaarden die voor een zieken dag. van den El-ho 131 egter kreeg ik lust, en most eens proeven, nam op een morgen wat Brandewijn ; des middags wat Vlees eetende, nam mijn half tinnen kopje vol Spaansclie Wijn daartoe ; my dagt of ik met Goden ter Bruiloft ging! daar meede was het tap toe, voor een langen tijd. Nu was mijn daagelijks werk, Zout maaken, Visschen vangen, die kooken, braaden, en droe- gen; Kisten en Manden te maaken van veel 'erley groote en fatsoen, die van binnen en buiten met leem digt te strijken, en dan te droogen, hout te hakken en te droogen, waar van altijd een hut vol in voorraad had, nevens nog een groote mijt of staapel; ook had ik een brave mand vol gedroogd schraapsel van hout, dat vliegens met een brand-glas vuur vatte. Dit was nu alles wel, ik leefden dus vrolijk en gerust in mijn eensaamheid. Had ook een goede hut geboud aan de kom op de leem-strand, waar in zijnde, kon visschen, slaapen en kooken ; dit was een plaisirig ding. Ik had ook een hut geboud op den heuvel of berg, maar die beleem- ^^*^^ den ik niet om de groote moeite ; dog ik maakten in mijn fortres een leemen vloer, welke glad en suiver opdroogde, dat braaf was, maar te koud voor mijn bloote voeten; ik was bloots voets, om mijn schoenen en koussen te spaaren, en was bynaa naakt, om mijn goed te bewaaren, mijn hembden en kleeren wierden oud, en my 132 De Historie ook te klein, als ik een onderkleed aan trok, liet ik mijn hembd uit, niemand kon sijn goed meer- der spaaren en bewaaren dan ik ; egter moest ik eerst van mijn hangmat, doen van mijn bultzak my kleeden, en sliep op drooge blaaden in een gevlogten bedsteede, dat heil goed was. De kom verschafte my Viseh na begeeren, gedroogde Visch was mijn Brood, die at ik tot het gezooden of gebraaden, en bekwam my zeer wel; nu en dan schoot ik een wilden Stier; ik houden hutten in overvloed uit tijdverdrijf, en had nu al dertien, nevens een gallery aan de kom. Mijn Bard begon uit te botten, een vast teeken dat ik hier al lang gewoond had; dog ik was altijd vrolijk en gezond. Eens op een tijd willende zien waar de Rivier van daan kwam, nam mijn roer en houwer meede, naa een uur gaans naa gissing, zag als een heel moeras bysijden de rivier vol Biesen ^^*^) staan, en veele biesen langs de kant ; dit kwam my wel, een goede rest biesen gesneeden heb- bende, spreiden die van een om te droogen, sneed voorts een bos, nam die meede om lamp-pit te maaken, alzoo veel Vet in voorraad had, want nu en dan schoot ik een wilde Stier. Lamp-pit hebbende, maakten ik een looden lamp, als Matroos te Scheep doet ; uu branden ik des nagts ligt, dat my groote vreugd was. Naa eenige daagen haalden ik verscheiden dragten van den El-ho 133 drooge Biesen, weer andere snijdende en te droogen leggende, versaamelde alzoo een geheele hut vol ; hier maakten ik matten van, om op mijn blaaden te leggen, dat uit de kunst was; en maakten ook deekens om over te dekken zoo veel begeerde ; eindelijk, ik kleeden my in biesen, wat kan de armoed niet versinnen ! En nu deed ik bynaa niet als matten te maaken van biesen, zoo grooten als kleinen van alderhande fatsoen. Dus leefden ik een geruimen tijd wel te vree- den. De vloer van mijn fortres had ik nu met biesen matten beleid; ik had ook wel agt a tien Stieren-vellen gedroogd, zoo groot als die konde afvillen, deese waaren goed tot schoenen, kous- sen, &c. Nu was ik geheel bekend in 't Bosch, en wist Sonnen op-en needergang wel waar te neemen; (150) aan Sonnen opgang was de Zee, teegen over de Rivier was de Son middaags, aan Sonnen onder- gang was het Bosch en Land. Eens op een tijd begon het uitter Zee helder op te blaasen, dat hand over hand toenam, met donder en blixem, dat het bosch scheen om te waaijen, het stormden zoo vervaarlijk, met reegen en felle donderslaagen, dat ik, alhoewel in mijn Kasteel zijnde, geheel benaud wierd, en van schrik my niet wist te bergen; jaa Bohmen wierden uitgerukt, de Wind gaf zomtijts slaagen of het donderslaagen waaren; dit duurden wel 134 De Historie (151) twee claageii en nagteu, als wanneer het bedaar- den. Ik zag de Lugt nog sterk trekken, ging op den Berg in mijn uitkijk, de Zee schoot nog zeer hol ; en weer afkomende, ging wat Visch vangen, onder het visschen begon de wind weer hand over hand aan te haaien. Met een mande met Visch naa mijn fortres gaande, begon het als vooren hoe langer hoe herder te stormen. Het was nu volle Maan, de Wolken scheenen over de Maan te vliegen ; ik zat in ly van mijn Kasteel, alzoo het droog weer was. De Maan wierde al langsaam duister, even als een Eclips, dat my verschrikte en in mijn huis deed gaan; mijn lamp brande, en ik ging, naa dat wat vuur aangelegt had, te kooy, dog kon niet slaapen, maar was vol schrik en vreese. Dag wordende, zag het waater in Zee zeer verbolgen en hoog, de wind bedaarden; ik ging weer naa den Berg, om de ongestuime Zee eens te besien, maar vond mijn Hut niet, deese was op de grond afgebrooken, en al mijn tuinen en vlegtingen waaren weg, die ook nooid weer gesien heb, dat my daar naa een ander deed bouwen. Ik Visten weeder, en kookten die by de kom; wel gegeeten hebbende, wilde ik na de stukken van mijn Hut den Uitkijk op den Berg zoeken ; boven komende, zag eenige swarte dingen in Zee, van den El-ïio 135 dog kon die niet bekennen. Ik had een halve ontsteltenis van den vorigen Storm gehad, en voelde my niet wel, nam wat Brandewijn tot mijn verkwikking, welke uit mijn Fortres haalde, daar die ook dronk, dat my kragtig sterkten. Doen ging ik naa 't strand; de wind was nog sterk uit Zee, en maakten uitneemend hoog waater. Ik zag een Sloep regt naa strand drijven, haalden strak mijn Vis-touw, en trok mijn biesen rok uit, doen nam ik hem waar; hier was een vlakke strand, en by gevolg geen branding. ^^^^^ Ik kreeg de Sloep vat, en sleepten die al zagjes in de sleuf of uitgang van de kom, wel een half quartier binnenwaarts ; de Sloep had geen Rie- men, maar voor in lag een Dreg met een Tou, die ik aan land vast maakte. Ik was hyna. afgemat om de Sloep van land te houden, dog had hem nu vast. Ik ging na mijn Kasteel, maakten vuur, warm- den my, en nam een half kopje Spaansche Wijn, dat my weer kragten byzette. Weeder aan strand komende, zag veele Vaten, Kisten, en Pakken aan komen drijven, waar van eenige al vast zaaten op 't strand ; een waar teeken dat in den vorigen Storm een Schip hier ontrent geblceven ofte vergaan was ; ik haalden knap mijn bijl, sloeg eenige Kisten op, en vond daar in Hembden, Plunjen, Tabak &c. zoo als Matroos 136 De Historie (153) of Soldaat gewend is meede te neemen ; de meeste waaren van binnen nog droog. Ik plunderden zoo veel ik konde, brengende voort een dragt a vier in mijn kasteel, dat nat was droogden ik. Mijn blijdschap kon ik niet uitdrukken, en kan ook niemand weeten of denken, als zulke die in de alderuitterste armoed geweest zijn. Eenige Kisten was geen of zeer weinig waater in gekomen, uit die trok ik voort een hembd en plunjen aan, meenden waarlijk zoo rijk te zijn als een groot Koning ; vond ook eenige Bes- chuiten, die nuttigde met wat Spaansche wijn, 't welk my weer sterk maakte. Naa 't Strand gaande om meer te haaien, zag ik een gants Agter-Schip aan koomen drijven, met nog veele Tonnen, Kisten, Bossen Stokvis, Planken &c. Nu wierd ik verblijd, hoopende dat daar in nog een leevend Menseh zouw zijn tot mijn gezelschap. Dit dreef zoo ver op strand tot het vast bleef zitten, als ook veele goed, zoo genoemd heb. Het was nu by uitneementheid hoog waater als dit goed op strand aan kwam; de wind bedaarende, en 't waater vallende, zat het Wrak zoo hoog en droog, dat daar niet in konde komen, maar liep daar rondom, roepende en schreeuwende, of daar Volk in waar; dog niemand gaf antwoord. Ik het met aandagt rondom besiende, zag dat het geheele Stuur-boord aan stukken was, de van den El-ho 137 besaans-roede lag dwers over 't schip, en de besaans-schoot hing over bak-boord, daar het geheele Wrak over helde; ik kreeg het tou vat, en klom teegen 't Wrak op; ik vond niemand, ik zogt onder en boven, ik kwam in de Hut, daar ses Kisten, en drie Kelders vond, met een groote (154) Engelsche Dog, welke my siende kwispelsteerte, en mijn hand lekten; op 't halve dek was een groote Keulsche pot met water; aan bak-boord onder het halve dek, twee Stukken die uit haar Poorten keeken, en een Stuk met sijn ropaard omgevallen, van stuur-boord daar tegen aan gerold, de kajuyt had vier vensters, de glasen waren weinig beschadigt, de Kapiteins kooy nog geheel in wesen. Ik dit gesien hebbende, wist niet wat te doen ; wat gepractiseert hebbende, haalde al 't loopende wand van de besaans-mast, en hakten de besaans hoofd-touwen boven onder de mars-zaaling af, die buyten boord vallende, raakten by naa grond; hier kon ik met mijn gemaakte leer gemakkelijk by. Ik al weer na beneden, dan booven, roepende of 'er geen Menschen waren; dog kwam nog hoorden niemand. Onder 't halve dek herom soekende, zag ik de Timmermans-kist open, daar in was zaag, ham- ers, hylen, beitels, sehaaven, booren &c. Ik met bijl, haamer, breek-3-ser &q. weer na de hut, daar tien koven in waren, en in de koyen waren nog 138 De Historie drie kelders. Ik smeet twee Buitsakken, twee Dekens, en vieer hooft-kussens over boord, om naa mijn Kasteel te brengen, ik opende een ^^^^^ Stuurmans kist, vond daar in twaalf goede hem- den, getekend H. G. met drie pak onder-kleeren en een Landganger, een Kaas, Tabak, Pijpen, Zee-Atlas &c. Ik smeet de Hemden en Plunjen ook over boord, en daalden langs de besaans hoofd-touwen af, om dat alles te bergen. Den grooten Engelschen Hond, kreet my naa, en wilde van boven springen; dit bewoog my weer naa boven te komen; ik bond hem de bek toe, en liet hem met de besaans-schoot na beneden, daar ik hem volgde; desen Hond was grof en sterk, en ik gebruikten hem tot mijn Lastdrager. By hem komende nam ik zoo veel als draagen kon na mijn Kasteel ; hier wat rustende, en den Hond wat gekookte Vis gevende, met wat water, bewees my dat beest hoe langer hoe merder vrindsehap. Den Avond viel, ik was vermoeid, dog ging met mijn Drager, (zoo noemden ik mijn Hond) naa de rivier, en deed hem drinken ; ik had daar een party gekookte Vis, die hy op at. Wy weeder, na mijn kasteel gaande, en daar komende, sneed hem van een drooge Stieren huid een Vel over zijn lijf; ik nam twee ongeleemde manden van anderhalf voet, ook van een voet, die met twee van den El-ho 139 touwen aan een hegtendo, dit was sijn gereed- schap, om te dragen. (156) Ik maakten vuur, kookten en braaden Vis, at met mijn Draager ons buyken vol, wy sliepen gerust. Des morgens met den dag ging met Draager naa 't Wrak, zetten hem zijn manden en vel af; boven koomende, sloeg ik de kisten op een ry open, vond kleeren, Linnen, Tabak, Koop- manschap, Beschuit, Kaasen &c. In eene kelder stak een sleutel in, daar ik wel vier meede op maakte, die alle vol Brandewijn waren ; ik wierp weder linnen, wollen, en wat my diende over boord, en besteeden dien dag, met ons beiden te draagen, wel eetende en wel drinkende. Het Wrak sat als schuins op de agterste bil van bak- boord, en was beneden nog vol water. Ik berg- den al wat ik kon, niets mishaagden my, in elk van mijn hutten kwam vry wat goed. Ik maakten nog twee langagtige manden voor Draager. De kelders liet ik met de bezaans- schoot af; ik droeg linnen en wollen, en Draager elke reis ses stoops flessen ; dus kreeg ik haast de seeven kelders over. De leedige kisten kon ik ook als de kelders aflaaten, maar kon die niet voortkrijgen, tot my inviel, dat een zaag had, ik zaagden vier blokken van een gaven ronden Boom, maakende daar van vier raaden, die onder een langwerpig vierkant vast maakende, toen •57) had ik een waagen. Trekgereedschap maakten ik 140 De Historie voor Draager, welke de waagen met een kist makkelijk kon trekken als ik wat aanschoof. Dus kreeg ik in weinig tijd veel groote en kleine kisten, eenige bossen Stok-vis, met veel'erley goed. Hier naa de Kajuit visiteerende, vond vier kleine tonnetjes fijne Beschuit, elk tonnetje als een biervierendeel, Kannen, Glaasen, twee Sil- veren Beekers, Bouteljes met Wijn, Bier, Oli, Azijn, de Kooy met sijn Gordijnen, Stoelen, Banken, Lampen, Kandelaars, een kist met Kaarssen &c. Hier bleef het nog niet by, wy wierden hoe langer hoe rijker, de Konstapels-kaamer had ik nog niet gevisiteert ; daar koomende, vond zeer veele Kooijen en Kisten, veele Kardoesen in haar kookers, twee hoorne Lantaarens, en twee kelders met Brandewijn, Ik dorst naa beneden in de Kruit-kaamer niet gaan, uit vreese voor 't waater. De beide kelders en flessen afgelaaten hebbende, bragt die naa mijn Kasteel. Voorts resolveerden ik om onder in de Konstaapels-kaamer een gat te houwen, ten einde het waater hem daar door ontlasten zou, en nam een avangaar of groote kruisboor, en boorden daar door; daar geen waater uit (158) kwam, dat my verwonderde; boorden even voor de Kruit-kaamer, daar terstond waater kreeg; ik weer in 't Wrak, stak eene lantaarne aan, ging van den El -ho 141 doen in de Kruit-kaamer, die ongeschonden, gaaf, en droog bevond, daar braaf Kruit, en ook Kardoes-papier in was. Aan de andere zijde was de Brood-kaamer, zoo droog als kurk; hier vond ik voor my en Draager, meer Brood als voor zes jaaren van nooden had. Daar by veel Leidsche en Soete- melks-kaasen, vier-en-twintig Kelders, elk met sijn Sleutels, twee toegemaakte Tonnen zonder spontgaaten, daar Booter in was. Dit bezigtigt hebbende, bragt wat Beschuit en Kaas boven, dat aflaatende, naa mijn Kasteel bragt ; en met Draager wat gegeeten hebbende, tyden wy weeder naa 't Wrak. Het waater zig ontlast hebbende, zag in de veertig ronde Potten, boven met kalk toegemaakt ; ik kenden die niet, eene open doende, was die vol Boom-olie, hier van moesten voort een party na mijn Fort ; daar had ik nu Brood, Kaas, Oly, Brandewijn, en voorts al wat ik wenschen kon. Nu moest ik de Vaaten visiteeren die op strand gespoeld waaren, ging met mijn boor en eenige swikjes of bosjes daar naa toe. Hier vond ik drie vaaten Mom, (159) een vat Azijn, drie vaaten Fransche, en drie vaaten Rinsche Wijn ; ik dronk eens, en dagt wat my te doen stond. Voortrollen kon ik niet, ik had by de Oly-potteu nog ses kelders Brande- wijn gevonden, die weg goot, om dat meer Bran- dewijn had als begeerde; deese kelders aan de 142 De Historie rivier gebragt, en schoon gespoeld hebbende, tapten ik 'er vier vol Mom, en twee met Fransche Wijn. Ik had ook drie leedige ankers in de Hnt ge- vonden, twee vulden ik ook met Fransche Wijn, alzoo die liever dronk als Rinsche ; deese voerden wy ook naa mijn wijn-hut ; een met Wijn-azijn vullende, bragt ik in mijn Kasteel, daar ook een kelder Brandewijn wech goot, en haalden die vol Fransche Wijn. Ik goot zoo veel Brandewijn wech, dat ik een oxhoofd Franse wijn af tapten, dat naa de rivier rollende, spoelden dat schoon, ley dat onder een digte schaaduwe van een Boom, daar geen Son kon by koomen; hier in bragt ik een ander vat in over, t' elkens een Ankers-kelder vol tap- pende, kon Draager die gemakkelijk trekken; dus kreeg ik al de Wijn, Mom, en Azijn over, tot onder de Boomen, daar die nog met Takken wel dekkende. Ik bragt vier kelders Brandewijn weer uit (160) mijn Kasteel in de Brandewijns-hut, al waar nu vier-en-twintig kelders Brandewijn had, op en by malkander staan. Ik had in de Brood-hut sestien Kisten met Beschuit, en drie vierendeels vaaten met fijne Beschuit. Ik had in de Kaas- hut veertien Leidse en seeven-en-twintig oude Soetemelks-kaasen. Ik had in de Oly-hut vier- en-veertig ronde potten Olye. Ik had in de van den El-ko 143 Kruit-hiit agt-en-dartig Kardoesen in hare kookers, eu ses geleemde Kisten vol gevulde Kardoesen, Ik had daar ook in sestien riem Kardoes-papier. Ik had in de Bies-hut veele bossen gedroogde Biesen. Ik had in de Hout- hut, drooge Rysen, en gekloofd Hout, met nog een groote stapel daar by. Ik had in de Sout- hut ses beleemde kisten met Sout, daar by ses bossen Stok-vis die weder gedroogd had. Voorts een hut vol Kooyen en Plunjen, en in mijn Kasteel een braave kooy met al wat daar toe behoord, twee kelders Brandewijn, een kelder Rinse, en een kelder Franse Wijn ; een kelder Mom, en een kelder Wijn-azijn : noch een anker Franse wijn, een vierendeels vat met fijne Beschuit, een Kist met Scheeps-besehuit, een kist Kaarsen, een Teekeetel, met een dosijn Kopjes en Schoteltjes, Tee, Koffi-boonen, en een rest Zaaly, dit alle haalden ik uit de Brood-kelder, (161) met drie nieuwe Keetels, Linnen en Wollen zat, Tabak, Pijpen, en alles. Nu had ik een Konings leeven, en daar by ook geselschap aan mijn Hond. Op een tijd een brave Snaphaan krijgende, (want ik had 'er nu ses) ging voor plaisier in 't Bosch, om te zien of ik ook een Stier bekoomen kon; ontrent een half uur gewandeld hebbende, zag van verre een uitneemenden grooten Vogel, die op een hogen boom zat; ik bekroop hem zoo 144 De Historie naa als mogelijk was ; staande nu agter een dikke Boom, en mijn roer over een tak leggende, schoot hem regt in de Borst, dat hy dood om laag kwam, hj' viel zoo swaar als een groot Schaap. Het was een wonderlijken grooten en schonen Vogel, sign lighaam was zoo groot als een Kasuaris, welke ik op Batavia gesien had. Hy was te groot om te draagen, dies haalden ik mijn waagen, en Draager moest in 't span ; ik hadde agter aan de waagen een leuning, als aan een sleede gemaakt, om aan te schuiven. Een bijl met wat touw op de waagen gelegt hebbende, toogen wy te veld, en vonden hem; ik ley hem op de waagen, en bragten hem naa 't Kasteel, daar hem met aan- dagt bezag. Sijn nebbe was krom als een Arends bek, maar bloed rood; sijn hoofd en borst was (162) goud geel ; op sijn hoofd had hy een zeer schoone roode kuive ; sijn nek tot aan de rug, was groen en blaau, als zommige Vaderlandse tamme Eenden ; sijn rug was git swart ; sijn vleugels waaren bloed rood, als de beste Papegais-veeren, en zoo ook sijn steert; sijn beenen waaren zeer grof en swart, daar aan zeer dikke en roode kromme klauwen ; sijn vleugels waaren by uitneementheid groot, de schaften waaren meer als eens zoo dik als Swaane schaften. Ik sneed hem sijn pooten, vleugels, en hals af, die liet droogen; sijn lighaam afvillende, bevond dat zeer vet en blank; hem opsnijdende, was onbe- van den El-ha 145 denkelijk vet van binnen, 't welk niet sterk, maar zeer zoet was. Ik kookten en braaclen van hem verscheide daagen, ik en Draager smulden daar lekkertjes van, tot hy op was. Naa eenigen tijd bragt ik de Sloep in de Kom, maakende eenige Riemen van 't waagenschot dat ik uit de Kajuit en uit de Hut brak ; want al de kooijen in de hut, het beschot en kastjes in de kajuit had ik afgebrooken. Nu roeiden ik somtijts voor plaisier in de kom om daar te visschen. Ik had de peil-lijn en 't lood uit het Wrak gekreegen, en willende de kom eens peilen, vond ik die een kanon-schoot van land, wel vijftig vaademen (163) diep. Ik hadde drie groote hoeken met kettings, daar men Heyen meede vangt, gevonden; hier raeede om vermaak in de kom vissende, bond een brave staak aan de lijn tot mijn vlot, met nog een goed stel-hout : de hoek met een stuk vlees te grond laatende, had voort zoo sterke beet, dat mijn vlotten onder gingen als lood; ik vierden mijn lijn, en zoetjes naa land roeijende, daar de Sloep vast gelegt hebbende, haalden al zoetjes op, en kreeg het vlot te zien, dat weer om laag getrokken wierd, wanneer mijn lijn weer vierde ; dit duurden wel bynaa vier uuren, dat ik nu ophaalde, en dan vierde, tot den Viscli vermoeid zijnde, hem aan strand liet leiden. Mijn lijn had ik over een dikke Boom-tak, welke boven 't waater was, geleid; hier over 146 De Historie haalden ik hem op ; zoo haast een zeer groote kop boven zag, die zeer monstereus was, sparde hy zoo een vervaarlijken bek op, dat ik door schrik in mijn hut liep ; uitziende, teeg hy zagt naa de grond, de lijn zagtjes naatrekkende ; ik maakten de lijn klaar, en vierden al uit, maakten hem dus moede, en trok hem weer zoetjes tot digt aan de strand, tot op twee voet naa boven 't waater, daar hem aandagtelijk bezag. Hy was plat, en wel zoo groot als een zeer groote taafel, geleek (164) wel naa een Rog, was bruin van koleur; ik nam een houwer en sneed de lijn by de ketting af; dus zetten hy 't weer naa beneden, en kwam nooit weeder te voorschijn ; ik dagt zeer dikwijls op hem, maar heb nooit voor of naa dien tijd zoo een monster weer gesien. Nog eens op een tijd op den berg de Uitkijk zijnde, zag zeer veele groote swarte Vogels in de sleuf of goote, waar door de kom haar in Zee ontlaste; ik laaden straks twee roers, en der- waarts gaande, schoot in twee schooten, vijf van de gezeide Vogels, zoo digt laagen sy by een ; en een krijgende, zag ik dat het swarte Swaanen waaren; zy dreeven met de vloed naa de kom; ik haalden mijn sloep, kreeg de overige doode, bragt die in een hut, plukten en bewaarden de veeren ; het vet was goed in de lamp ; vier zouten ik, die in de rook droogde. In al mijn tijd waaren hier zoodaanige Vogels niet geweest, ik van den El-ho 147 schoot 'er veele om het vet, en de veeren, waar meede vier biiltzakken vulde. Naa eenigen tijd vertrokken zy, en kwamen niet weer. Nu leefden ik en mijn Draager zoo wy begeer- den. Maar de Wereld en al dat daar in en op is, is de verandering onderworpen. Dus een ge- ruime tijd, zeer gerust en vrolijk met mijn (165) Hond leevende; weinig meer op 't Vaderland of 't Schip denkende ; was ik op een tijd op den Berg de Uit-kijk, met een Verre-kijker wat rond- om ziende, ontdekten ik eenige Menschen by de Staak, dat my in vreese en hoope bragt, niet weetende of het goed of kwaad, geluk of ongeluk voor my zoude brengen. My in mijn Kasteel begeevende, laaden ik mijn ses roers, mijn deur en kijkgaaten stoppende, behalven eene naa de strand. Draager bond ik sijn mond, om dat niet blaffen zou. Uitsiende, zag Mannen, Vrouwen, en Kinderen naa 't Wrak marcheeren, op mijn Kasteel niet eens denkende. Zy bezagen het Wrak, en trokken voort naa de Rivier, daar zy mijn hutten vin- dende, een vervaarlijk gebaar en gekrijt maakten, dat my zeer ontstelde en verschrikte. Zy alle konden my in mijn kasteel niet doen; maar zy waaren naa gissing wel hondert Men- schen, die my waarlijk konden uithongeren. Zy haalden hout uit de hout-hut en maakten vliegens vuur, mijn droog hout moest daar aan 148 Be Historie geloven, en al mijn Vis die zy vonden, pakten zy aan; al haar doen beschouden ik door een kijk- gat, zy zaaten in vijf partyen romdom [sic] die vuuren, onder haar eeten, warmen en tieren, zag (geloof ik) eenen mijnen Kasteel, daar op een (166) geroep maakende, kwaamen alle al schreeuwende naa my toe, elk up het lierdste loopende. Toen zy nog aan 't Wrak waaren, bad ik God dat hy my wilde in geeven wat my best was. De helft dood te schieten was wel kans toe ; maar ik had geen waater, zy konden my wel haast uitgehongerd hebben. Ook kon ik niet weeten of nog meer Zuidlanders aan kwamen of niet ; dit alles maakten my vol angst en vreese. Indien ik uit kwam, konden zy my dooden, ik wist geen raad. God had my uit zoo veele gevaaren gered, ik bad nu weer van herten; en eindigende, ley ik in Gods naam vuur aan, at mijn buik vol beschuit, dronk een beeker wijn toe, gaf Draager sijn buik vol vis en Scheeps-beschuit. Ik schoot een schoot boven uit, waar op zy alle op hun aangesigten vielen ; ik dronk nog een beeker wijn, en begaf my met mijn houwer en een gelaaden roer uit mijn kasteel. Zy laagen aan de zijde van 't kasteel in 't Bosch nog alle ter aarden, tot ik agter mijn hut komende, haar toe sprak, Mannen wat Land is dit? en wat Volk zijt gy? Zy bleeven alle leggen, tot ik eene by de hand op ligte, hem teeken doende, dat de van den El-ha 149 anderen ook zouden opstaan, 't welk deeden. Wenkten haar dat zy zouden gaan zitten; dit (167) deed ik met groote belceftheid, haar met een uitgestrekten arm om laag wenkende, daar by mijn hoofd wat omdraijende, waar op zy alle weder ter aarden vielen, op haar aangezigten. My moogelijk voor eene van haare Goden aan- siende, om dat ik blank was, en gedonderd had. Het Roer in mijn hand hebbende, schoot ik over haar heen los. Zy bleven als Houden leggen ; my daar van dienende, haalden voort een ander gelaaden roer, met een korf vol Scheeps-beschuit, en mijn vorige post weer in neemende, beurden ik andermaal een Man op, hem wijsende dat zy zouden opstaan, zoo als zy deeden ; en de beschuit haar omdeelende, wierden zy vryer, vattende malkander hand aan hand, en dus om mijn kasteel heen dansende, al singende, en somtijts in de handen klappende. Zy waaren alle zoo naakt als zy gebooren waareu, en zonder schaamte haar van agteren en voren ontlastende als Honden, zelf zonder haar eens om te draaijen. Deesen Trop was uit twee geslagten naa ik sien kon, zommige zoo swart als pik, met wol op haar hoofdeu ; anderen waaren rosse als afgevallen en gedroogde blaaden, en liaddeu lang hair. De Vrouwen hadden zeer dikke buiken, lange todden van borsten, zijnde onbeschaamde teeven. 150 De Historie (163) Naa dat zy wat gedanst en geschreeud hadden, liepen zy alle Bosehwaard in. Ik dankte God dat hy my van dit perijkel verlost had. Nu meenden ik alle gevaar te boven te zijn, en ging en bezag mijn hutten ; bevond dat mijn hout en vis meest voort was, het ander hadden zy niet aangeraakt. My dagt het nu tijd te zijn om mijn Kasteel te voorsien, of zy weederom kwaamen. Twaalf Ankers-kelders goot ik de Brandewijn uit, de flessen spoelende, en met waater vullende, bragt die in mijn Kasteel ; dat vorder voorsiende met vier kelders Mom, vier kelders Franse, en drie kelders Rinse Wijn, twee kelders Wijn-aziju. Uit de Brood-hut bragt ik over de overige drie vaatjes fijne Beschuit, met sestien kisten Scheeps- besehuit, tien Leidse, en twintig Soetemelks- kaasen, twintig potten Oly, dertig flessen vol Boter, nog ses-en-dertig kardoes-kookers met gevulde Kardoesen, voorts Linnen en Wollen zoo veel bergen kon. Touwen zadt, Keetels, Bylen, Schop &c. Mijn Kasteel was een half uur gaans van 't Wrak ; ik met mijn waagen daar heen, en haalden nog twaalf fles-kelders, daar de flessen met Brandewijn uit zetten, brak de middelschotjes (169) daar uit, die leedig naa mijn Kasteel brengende, om wat in te bergen. Kisten en kelders staapelden ik op een, tot van den El-Jw 151 neegen en tien voeten hoog, eerst vulden ik de onderste kist, daar dan een leedige opsettende, vulden die dan ook, en zoo vervolglijk ; mijn leer, kisten en kelders waaren mijn trappen, daar de leedige dingen by op bragt. De kijkgaaten overal vry laatende. Wanneer dit alles dus gevlyd was en soo op een gestaapeld, had ik nog een zeer ruim en groot gemak ; want het was agt-en-twintig voeten regt in 't midden door te meeten van d'eene wand aan d 'andere. Lamp-pit en Lonte had ik genoeg, neevens Kaarsen, Lamp en Kandelaars. Nu moest ik my nog van Brandhout en Zout verzorgen, dat ook al haalde. Voorts haalden ik zoo veel leedige kisten uit de Konstaapels-kaamer als bergen kon; dese bragt met mijn Hond in 't Kasteel, die vullende met Touw, Beschuit, en voorts daar ik zin in had ; bergden ook mijn overige Kaas en Oly, had nu een voorneemen van mijn kasteel te ver- weeren, als 'er geen gewaapende kwamen. Mijne meininge was, dat wel voor ses jaaren versien was. Op een tijd het Wrak met aandagt (170) visiteerende, vond nog twee vatten met gevulde Hand-granaaten, met pijpen daar in, daar ander- half honderd van over haalden, en ziende weer de Boter tonnen, vulden ik daar van nog drie Brandewijns ankers. 152 De Historie Vond ook vier metaalen Bassen, die over bragt, neevens een vaatje roer-koogels. Eu nu kon ik niet meer bergen, maar was van alles klaar en voorsien. God biddende, dat my wilde bewaaren en helpen; leevende weeder gerust en wel. Twee Tuinen begon ik aan te leggen, van agt voeten hoog, en agtien lang, aan elke zijde van de deure, regt uit gaande, om niet overvallen te worden, deesen gang sloot ik met een deur. Ook en dorst ik nooit zoo verre als voor deesen van huis gaan, altijd het bosch of de rivier eerst bespiedende, dan op de Uitkijk ziende met mijn verrekijker, Naa verloop van tijd was het volle Maan; als ik voor mijn deur zat en rookten, hoorden ik boschwaard in, een j'selijk geroep en geschreeuw, dat my niet weinig verschrikte ! het kwam hoe langer hoe naarder; ik sloot mijn poort en deur zoo vast ik kon ; biddende God om hulpe. Het gedruis ging naa de rivier, daar het bleef. Dag wordende, zag ik aan de rievier [sic] naa (171) gissing, wel duiseud Menschen, voerende eenige houten spiessen, andere groote knodsen, daar zy mijn hutten meede verbraaken en dan verbran- den; waar aan ik merkten dat het Oorlog was. Mijn Bassen en Roers gelaaden hebbende, be- reiden ik my tot vegten. Door mijn verrekijker konde ik zien, dat eenige hun aangesigten met van den El-h o 153 een geelagtige verf geheel geverfd liaddeu; an- dere hadden ringen om de oogen, en een streek over 't voorhoofd en nens; de meeste waaren gants niet geverfd. Zy, zoo 't scheen hielden raad; daar naa al schreenwende naa 't kasteel loopende, slaande met hun kodden op 't kasteel met groot geraas. Ik losten een schoot boven uit, en zag of zy als de eerste troep ook ter aarden vielen; maar zy bleven staan, en lagten, slaande eeven sterk op mijn fort, dies schoot ik uit een kijkgat zoo een geschilderden door sijn hoofd dat hy beuitelden. Doen nog eens in den hoop brandende, schreeu- den zy geweldig, vliedende naa 't Bosch, en twee a drie zoo dood of gekwetst meede neemende. God heb dank tot dus ver zeid ik in my zelven ; ik nam een roemer Wijn tot victory, en gaf Draager een sehootel Vis. Naa omtrent een half uur, kwamen zy met (172) gruwlijk geschreeu weederom, dog dorsten niet naaby komen, maar trokken naa de Strand, daar zy weer raad hielden; als wanneer twaalf ge- schilderden met haar houte spiesen uittraaden tot aan mijn poort; dog die niet konnende op krijgen, wenkten een party met dikke staaken en knodsen; deese dan met geweld de poort opbreekende, traaden in de gang naa mijn deur, als wanneer ik een Bas met Muskets-kogels en schroot op haar loste, waar door ses onder de voet 154 De Historie raakten, de andere gingen loopen. Ik met een houwer uit, die niet dood waaren maakten ik dood, waar onder een jonge was dien ik het hoofd af hieu, haar dat toewerpende, daar zy rondom kwamen staan ; ik naa binnen, laadende de Bas als voren, en nam doen drie hand-granaaten, een tusschen haar werpende, bleven zy staan, hy sloeg, eenige wierden gekwetst, nog bleven zy staan ; jaa daar kwamen nog al meer by, waarom mijn tweede en derde ook tusschen haar in liet gaan, welke goede werking deeden, want zy kreeten als honden; zy waaren uaaby, dies nam ik twee roers, daar meede aan 't einde van de gang komende, schoot daar onder, een viel onder de voet, en een ander kreet ; straks losten ik ook mijn ander, waar op zy al krijtende vertrokken naa 't strand. Of zy haar dooden daar be- (173) groeven, dan of zy die in Zee smeeten, weet ik niet. Zy trokken naa die rivier, daar zy veele vuuren maakten, alwaar den dag en de geheele nagt meede voort voeren, altijd by beurten huilende, dan by 't eene vuur, en dan by 't andere. Ik had al by daage mijn poorte weer versien; slaapende gerust, alzoo eens gedronken had, my geweldig op de wakkerheid van mijn Hond ver- laatende. De Zonne was wel een uur op geweest, als wanneer mijn Vyanden weeder naa de strand van den El-h o 15ó toogen, stil en zonder geschreeu, daar halte hiel- den, en zoo het scheen raad houdende, traaden weeder twaalf geschilderde helden uit naa mijn kasteel, met hun houte spiesen in de hand ; ik zette mijn Bassen klaar, mijn lont-stok gereed, en kwam met twee gelaaden roers voor mijn deur; zy my ziende, vielen op hun aangesigt, en wat geleegen hebbende, stond eene op, welke een soode aarde opkrabde, leide die op sijn hoofd, sijn armen voor sijn borst kruissende, kwam al bukkende naa mijn toe ; en stil staande, wenkten ik hem ; hy kwam tot aan mijn poort, gaande op sijn hurke zitten, leide als een Aap sijn beide <^'^*^ handen op de soode, welke op sijn hoofd lag, verscheidemaal versugtende, my niet dervende aanzien, nog toespreeken ; de groote troep zag dit van verre aan, en sijn elf Makkers bleven op de aarde leggen. Ik alles oversien hebbende, met mijn roer in de hand, en een blooten houwer met een touw aan den arm hangende, trad tot aan mijn poorte, (zijnde dit een sterk hek) alwaar hy op de hurke zat, drie a vier treeden daar buiten. Ik spraak hem aan, hier Karel, wat ivild Grj? Hy zag op, ik wenkten hem aan 't hek te komen; daar komende, begon hy te huilen, en op sijn borst kloppende, wees op de dooden, en dan naa de Zee, waar uit ik besloot dat hy de dooden wilde haaien. Hier op deed ik teeken, dat de andere 156 De Historie die teegen de grond laagen, zouden vertrekken. Hy hem omkeerende, riep haar toe, waar op zy alle opstonded, en liepen by de groote troep op strand. Ik wees hem hy zou stil staan, dat hy deed ; ik haalden Beschuit en Spaansche Wijn, die ik met hem at en dronk, ik binnen, en hy buiten de poort ; ziende dat hem dat wel behaagde, wees ik hem, dat hy alleen de dooden moest haaien, en wat te rugge gaan, dat hy deede. De Poort los gemaakt hebbende, vertrok in (175) mijn Kasteel, gaande binnen mijn deur zitten, mijn bassen en roers veerdig hebbende. Hy kwam in de gang, en sleepten een vor een, een stukweegs buiten de poort, die op een hoop neer smijtende. Wanneer hy de laatste haalde, en buiten was, kwam ik weeder met Wijn en Beschuit uit, hem wenkende te staan, sloot ik mijn poort zeer vast toe; teiken doende dat by my zoude koomen, dat hy deede. Ik beschonk hem met ses Beschuiten en een boutelje Wijn. Hy dit aan- neemende, zat weeder op sijn hurke; en ronkte als een slaapend mensch, stond op en ging by de groote trop [sic]. Ik bleef aan de poort om dit alles aan te zien, wat zy zouden aanvangen. Daar kwamen ses-en-dertig geschilderde helden met haare spiessen, al huilende tot by de van den El-ho 157 dooden, welke opneemende, droegen die tot by de groote troep. Daar komende, verheften zig een yselijk gehuil en gekrijt. Zy marcheerden al krijtende naa de rivier; dit duurden den ge- heelen nagt, dat zy by beurten huilden, altemets by twee vuuren te gelijk, dat ik alles zien en hooren kon. Den dooden-haalder kwam des morgens tot voor mijn poorte, daar hy hard op begon te huilen. Ik door mijn kijk-gaaten rondom geen ander Volk verneemende, kwam uit, met roer en houwer. Hy zat als vooren op sijn hurken, met sijn beide handen op sijn hoofd. Ik deed teiken dat zou zitten blijven, en my omkeerende, wilde hem wijn en brood haaien; Draager blaften, en als ik om zag was dien kwant al boveu op het hek; maar ik dit ziende, schoot hem van boven dat naar buiten neerbuitelden, waar op weer een algemeen geschreeuw en groot gehuil by de rivier op ging. Een geverfden kwam uit den hoop, even als den dooden had gedaan; ik wierp hem twee Beschuiten toe, laatende hem den dooden weg sleepen; onderweege ontmoeten hem verscheiden anderen om hem te helpen draagen ; deese by den dooden koomende, balkten zoo hard als zy konden, en daar meede by de troep komende, schreeuden zy alle eeven hard, als of haar het uitterste verderf was naakende. Eindelijk trok- 158 De Historie ken zy Boschwaard in. Elk kan denken of ik blijde was: mijn poorte, deur, en kijkgaaten geslooten hebbende, leide ik vuur aan, en kookten en braaden als een Prins, maakende met Draager goede cier; ik zettender [sic] een victory -beeker op, gaande gerust leggen slaapen, tot den vol- genden morgen een gat in den dag weg. Naademaal ik papier genoeg had, schreef ik alle (177) voorvallen aan, die haast door 't dikwils leesen van buiten konnende. Om plaats te winnen, brak ik mijn leemen vloer, die weg werpende ; groef de Oly-potten in de grond ; voegende alles zoo kort op en aan een als my doenlijk was. Ik haalden nog kruit, schroot, en koogels uit het Wrak, met nog veel Beschuit, en al dat noodig agte en bergen kon. Vier schietgaaten, twee naa 't bosch, en aan eiken zijde een, deese maakten ik met breekysers en beitels, die wel beleemende. Rondom mijn Fort maakten ik boven aan scherpe paaltjes in de grond, twee treeden breed. En nu kon my niemand als door mijn gang het Fort genaaken. Eens op een nagt begon Draager geweldig te blaffen, dog ik hoorden niet ; maar des morgens ontwaakende, zag dat al mijn paaltjes met zoo- den bedekt waaren ; waar door verschrikte, den- kende dat zy sterk zijnde, wel mijn geheele Fort zouden begraaven. Rondom uitziende, vernam niemand. Draager uitgelaaten hebbende, was van den El-ho 159 ook gerust. Don gohoclen dag zag ik sneedig uit, niemand verneemende ; savonts stak ik ligt aan, en begaaf my te kooy. In de voornagt begon Dranger weer te blaffen. Mijn ligt bedekt heb- (178) bende, opende zagt mijn sehietgaaten, mijn bas- sen stille aanbrengende, gaf ik rondom vuur. Daar op volgden een yselijk geschreeu. De sehietgaaten terstond weeder stoppende, laaden ik mijn bassen zeer wel, en bragt die weer te boorde. Naa ontrent twee uuren begon Dranger weer te gnorren; ik verbood hem 't blaffen, en gaf voort rondom weer vuur, daar al weeder zulk een gekrijt op volgde. Ik stopten mijn sehiet- gaaten, laaden mijn bassen weeder, en peurden te kooy, alles en de Wagt op Dranger laatende aankomen. Dag wordende, ik en mijn Hond niets ver- neemende, traden naa buiten, met voorneemen naa de Uit-kijk te gaan, dog derfte niet, uit vreese van verrast te worden, bleef darom dien dag b}^ en in mijn Fort, sneedig oppassende, en met Dranger de wagt houdende. Mijn poort en deur des avonds wel geslooten hebbende, maakten ik vuur en ligt. In de voornagt gromden Dranger als voren. Door mijn kijkgaaten uit- ziende, zag zeer veele vuuren, jaa zonder tal, zoo aan de rivier, langs de strand, als over al in 't boseh, dat my wat ontstelde; dog bedaarden 160 De Historie haast, denkende, God had my zoo veel maaien bewaard, hy zou my nu ook wel bewaaren. Alles klaar gemaakt hebbende, dat tot een (179) aankomende Batailje dienen kon, en twee Lont- stokken gereed staande, gaf Draager maar weinig eeten, om niet slaaperig te worden. Ik nam fijne Beschuit met wat wijn, en begaf my naa kooy, zoo lang slaapende, tot Draager my wakker blaften. Ik ontwakende, hoorden veel getier, ge- schreeuw, en geroep, somtijts als of zy zongen. Uitziende, zag het Wrak in volle vlam, dat my zoo ontstelde, dat ik niet staan kon, kruipende naa mijn kooy, wierd flaauw ; doch weeder by my self komende, en alles overdenkende, bad ik God al schreyende om hulp, als naa een weinig uuren vuur in de Kruit-kaamer kwam, dat een ver- vaarlijke slag gaf, waar op een yselijk geschrey opging. Het geheele Leeger was omtrent het Wrak vergaderd, daar danssende, springende, en singende. Ik my stil houdende, verwagten wat daar van koomen wilde; en stelden my geheel gerust, denkende dat eeten, drinken, kruit, en loot had, in een sterk Fort, daar zy my niet konden doen. Dag wordende, en niemand vernemende, trad met Draager welgewaapend uit, rondom mijn Kasteel gaande, en met een verrekijker overal herom ziende, zag niets. van den El-ho 161 Dagt teegen de middag eens naa 't Wrak te (180) gaan, en te zien hoe het geschaapen stond. Naa ik mijn middag-maal gedaan had, stapten ik met Draager derwaarts, ik had een gelaaden Roer met een tou op mijn schouder hangen, en een Houwer op zijd. Daar koomende vond wat stukken en brokken, eenige nog brandende; de traanen bedauden mijn oogen op dit gesigt. Gaande met een bedroefd hert op den üit-kijk of nog Menschen ontdekken kon, zag niemand, daar op needer zittende, raakten in slaap, ontwaak- ende, zag Volk by mijn Kasteel. Ik wierd geheel verschrikt, afkoomende, trad langzaam der- waarts, my ondertusschen bedenkende wat my te doen stond, naader koomende, zag wel dertig ge verf den by mijn Kasteel, dat zy ingenomen hadden. Elk kan denken hoe ik te moede was. Ik dagt kort beraad goed beraad, neemende voor te sterven, of mijn Fort te winnen, mijn moed was meerder als ooit, ik agten haar niet meer als honden. Regt op haar aan treedende, kwam een van haar zonder spiets naa my toe, gaande op de hurk sitten, als voor deesen, ik wenkten hem op te staan, dat hy deed: zaamen stille staande, kwam nog eene uit haar troep, met een spiets naa my toe ; omtrent ten half weegen smeet hy zijn spiets van hem, by de eerste komende, ging op (181) zijn hurken sitten; ik wenkten hem op te staan; hy opstaande, wees my naa zijn Volk, klopten op 162 Be Historie zijn Borst, doende teeken dat my geen kwaad zou geschieden ; dus staande, en denkende wat ik doen wilde, wierd ik van agteren omarmt en ge- vat; die twee welke voor my stonden schooten ook toe, my met hun sessen mijn geweer ont- neemende, en mijn kleederen uit trekkende ; doen was ik zoo naakt als zy, denkende niet anders of zy zouden m}- dooden, te meer, om dat die geene welke by 't Fort waaren, met een gekrijt met hun spietsen kwamen aanloopen ; dog een van die my gevat hadden haar teeken doende, wierpen zy al haar spietsen van haar, en by my koomende, zaaten alle op haar hurken needer. En straks weer opstaande, vatten malkander by de hand, dansten dus al zingende om my heen. Ik wees na mijn Kasteel, denkende waar ik daar in, ik zou u anders leeren dansen. Die ses welke my uitgeschud hadden, en by my stonden, vatten my meede aan, en moest ook met haar dansen; waar op de anderen in haar handen klapten, en schreeuwende zoo hard zy konden. Ik dansten met een droevig gemoed, nu wel merkende dat zy my niet wilden dooden. Het dansen ge- ëindigd zijnde, wees ik haar weer naa mijn (182) Kasteel; waar op eene een schreeu geevende, kwamen nog wel twintig uit mijn kasteel te voor- schijn, welke haar daar in tot nog toe verborgen hadden; deese by ons komende, nam elk sijn houte spiets weer op, my in 't midden zettende, van den El-ho 163 en begonden de strand langs te marcheeren; ik geduurig na 't Fort ziende, en dat passeerende, begon te sehreijen, dat zy haar niet eens kreun- den. Wy passeerden ook de Staak daar ik mijn Kist &c. uit gegraven had, welke ziende, wierd mijn hert hoe langer hoe meerder beklemd. Dus ontrent [sic] ses uuren langs strand voortge- trokken zijnde, keerden zy haar links het Bosch in, en hielden naa een half uur halte, eenige wat vrugten haaiende, daar wy alle van aaten; zy rukten wat takken van de Boomen, die tot hun beddingen schikkende rondom my heen, my eenige meede deelende, die ik onder een grooten Boom needer leide, daar naakt op leggen ging, en zoo koud wierd als ys. Zy laagen rondom my, slaapende gerust, behalven ses die altijd wakker bleven, en de wagt al zingende rondom my hiel- den, die t'elkens door anderen afgelost wierden. Ik kon door haar zingen en koude niet slaapen ; zy dat merkende, maakten vuur ; my daar by leg- gende, bekwam ik wat. Ik beval my aan God, (183) en verwagte geduldig wat my weedervaaren zou, denkende geduurig om mijn Kasteel. Des morgens gingen wy weer aan 't marcheer- en, en raakten naa een uur uit het Bosch by een poel, alwaar wel duisend korfjes van dunne rijsjes gevlogten stonden, van fatsoen en groote als mijn Konstaapels lantaarn ; hier van nam 'er elk een, aan my ook een geevende; ik bezag dit, 164 De Historie vindende het van binnen den bodem, en half weg de hoogte met leem of pot-aarde bestreeken, daar bast van Boomen in lag; ik konde niet weeten wat dit beduide ; maar uaa een uur gaans de Zon wat hooger rijsende, zag milioenen muggen en vliegen uit het moeras opkoomen, als wanneer zy straks vuur maakten, en elk sijn bast in de korf deed rookenj deese rook had een aangenaame reuk, en deed alle muggen en vliegen van ons blijven. Dit moeras gepasseerd zijnde, kwamen wy weeder teegen den avond in een Bosch, daar zy terstond vuur maakten, en rondom gingen leggen, my als voren bewaakende. Des morgens weer voort trekkende, kwaamen weer aan strand, aan een grooten inham ; omtrent twee uuren langs strand gegaan hebbende, ont- moeten een rivier, die langs gaande, raakten weeder in een Bosch, daar veele vrugten stonden ; (184) ontrent de middag halte houdende, kwam nog een Troep by ons, die eerst alle op de hurken gingen zitten; daar naa opstaande, zongen en dansten als gekken. Zy bragten vrugten meede, welke omgedeeld hebbende, trokken weer voort; naa omtrent twee uuren gaans vonden veele vlotten in de rivier, met touwen aan boomen, op 't strand staande vast gebonden, met welke wy ons alle over zettende, toogen al voort, tot weder aan een rivier kwaamen, doende weeder met de daar leggende vlotten als te vooren. Dus wel van den El-ho 165 ses a seeveu rivieren gepasseerd hebbende, kwaameu aan een zandige vlakte. Nu hadden wy al seeven ofte agt daagen gemarcheerd. Ik was moede en mak, hoe wel zy my alle dienst deeden die zy konden. Deese vlakte overtrek- kende, kwaamen weder in een Bosch, als wanneer zy alle begonden te zingen, eenige al zingende voor uit loopende, zag ik van verre veele Men- schen, en hutten. Welke naaderende, kwamen zeer veele van de zelve ons teegen om my te zien. Nog vorder gaande, kwam ik voor een groote hut, daar een oudagtig Man in de deur zat, daar voor wy alle op de hurken moesten zitten; hy my nauw besiende, deed my by hem komen : hy hield een lang discoers met die, welke my gevangen (1S5) hadden; doch ik konde hun niet verstaan. Het discoers ge-eindigt hebbende, moest ik in de groote hut gaan, alwaar vier naakte Jonge- lingen, en ses naakte jonge Vrouluy sag, deese alle naa my toe koomende, bezaagen my zeer nauw, over al mijn lichaam tastende en voelende ; ik stond onnosel toe te zien, niet wetende wat men met my zoude aanvangen. Naa een uur begon- den zy alle in de tent te singen en te te [sic] danssen rondom my; en den Huis-heer ook wat gedanst hebbende, kwam een der voornoemde Vrouluy voor my op de hurke sitten: zy wees my dat ik ook zoo doen moest, 't welk doende, stond den Ouden op, ons elk een hand op 't 166 De Historie hoofd leggende, begon zoo liért te schreeuwen dat ik verschrikte, waar op die buiten de tent waaren antwoorden. Weeder beginnende te zingen, en te danssen, deeden die buiten de tent waaren het zelve. Dit naa gissing een half uur geduurd hebbende, stond het jonge Vrou-mensch op, my by de hand vattende, trad met my buy- ten, van de anderen gevolgt; brengende my in een daar bystaande leedige hut, daar deese Dogter en ik in gingen : de andere slooten de deure ; daar naa al zingende weg gaande bleven wy met ons tween alleen in de hut, daar in zag ik (1S6) Ilooy, gedroogde Blaaden, en biesen Matten. Ik was verkoud kuchende en hoestende ; zy deed my in 't Hooy ter needer leggen, en my met matten van biesen overdekt hebbende, kroop zy by my onder, om my te verwermen, dat zy op een aange- naame manier wist te doen. Deese Heidin had een zeeker Toover-character, daar zy my zoodaanig meede betooverden, dat ik al mijn ongemak. Kasteel en alles quam [sic] te vergeeten, Naa eenige uuren malkander zoo verwermd te hebben, dat wy zaamen wel sweeten, was ik van mijn verkoudheid geneesen. Wy opstaande, voelden ik de koude lugt weeder, en bevond doen eerst als een anderen Adam dat wy naakt waaren. Over al de hut doorsiende, zag daar een mand met gebraten Vis die nog werm was; van den El-ho 167 zy een Haaring met haar hand daar uit krijgende, maakten die op, my die aanbiedende ; ik vatten die gelegentheid by 't hair, denkende ik zal de tijd waar neemen, en my daar van bedienen, en brasten zoo veel ik kon. Hier naa wierd de deur van onse hut geopend ; en ik haar volgende, bragt 23- my weer in de groote hut, daar my gebraaden vlees, vis, en eyers wierden voor geset. Wel gegeeten heb- (187) bende gingen wy in de rivier vis vangen. Avond wordende, moest ik met mijn Heidin weer naa onse hut, daar wy tot den morgen bleeven slaapen. Mijn grootste ongemak was dat ik naakt moest gaan. Dus een maand of twee geleefd hebbende, ont- stond op een nagt en [sic] vervaarlijk geschrey, dat zig hoe langer hoe meer verheffende, mijn gesellin ook deed schreyen en krijten ; ik ver- schrikte, zy omarmde my al krijtende ; my los- laatende ging op haar hurke zitten, slaande voor haar borst ; ik de deure van onse hut opstootende, zag ontelbaare vuuren rondom, zoo verre ik beoogen kon, niet weetende wat dit beduiden ; zy wees my dat het onse Vyanden waaren, welke ons wilden dooden. Ik wees haar weeder dat wy zouden vlugten. Zy deed teeken dat wy rondom beset waaren. Wy gingen zaamen naa de groote hut. Den Ouden zat bedrukt en zugte. Ik een houte spiets neemende, verzogt manschap om de 168 De Historie Vyand op te zoeken ; maar den Ouden sijn hoofd schuddende, kreeg een hoorn, gaande in de deur der hutte, en blies zoo hard als hy kon ; daar op volgde het geluit van wel honderd hoorens. Ik niet weetende wat dat beduiden, ging naa mijn hut, een houte spiets meede neemende, met voor- (188) neemen van my te verweeren, wien ook op my aan mogt komen. Mijn Gesellinne volgde my naa, kermende en krijtende ; het wierd met 'er tijd dag, en zag van verre verscheiden Troepen, gekleed en gewaapend Volk, dat my kragtig ver- wonderde; hoorde ook schieten, dat my nog vreemder voor kwam ; vattende mijn Vrou- mensch by de hand, wees ik haar dat zy met my daar naa toe zou gaan, my dogt zy zouden my niet dooden ; dat zy niet doen wilde ; ik dan alleen den Vyand te gemoet gaande, kwam by een troep Paarden, den Kapitein mijn ziende, hield stil; ik op mijn knyen vallende, leide mijn handen te saamen. Hy wenkten my by hem te koomen, dat ik deede, en wierd van hem nauw besigtigd, als zijn leeven geen blank mensch gezien hebbende. Hy deed my een Rok, Broek, en Muts geeven, ook een Paard daar op ik klom; maar mijn leeven niet veel te Paard geseeten hebbende, kan men denken hoe dat toeging. Ik reed in 't voorste gelit. Dus zagt voort rydende, kwaamen by onse hutten. Ik wees den Kapitein mijn hut daar ik woonde, bid- van den El-ho 169 dende hem met gevouwene handen die te willen verschoonen. Hy zetten voort eenige Ruiters voor de deure, daar ik meede onder was. Nu zag ik verscheide Troepen van alle kanten aan- (189) koomen, een Kanon wierd afgeschooten, op welk zein het aan een moorden ging, dat bedroefd te zien was; zoo wel Mans, Vrouwen, als Kinders, lieten haar gewillig dooden, zonder haar meer te weeren als de oude Jooden op haaren Sabbath plagten te doen. Dit beweegde my tot schreijen, els wanneer een Onder-Officier my nors aan- ziende, op sijn Swaard klopten, dies moest ik swijgen, wijl hy ons die voor de hut stonden commandeerden ; ik bad hem of ik eens in de hut mogte gaan ? dat hy my met een wenk vergunde. Van 't Paard in de hut treedende, begonden zy alle te schreeuwen, zittende op haar hurken; ik hem, hemden ; waar op zy stil sweegen ; dit had ik van den Ouden geleerd, welke dat deed als hy gehoord wilde zijn : zy my aan mijn blanke aan- gezigt kennende, en mijn handen en voeten ziende, schoot mijn Vrouwmensch naa my toe, my omarmende al schreijende : ik hem, hem zeg- gende, sweeg zy stil ; zy gaf my gebraaden Vis en Eyeren, die ik aan mijn gezelschap te Paard, nevens wat Fruit omdeelden, dat zy aan naamen en nuttigden. Het was wonderlijk dat alle deese menschen haar zoo gewillig lieten dood slaan, zonder de minste teegenweer te bieden, even als 170 De Historie (190) of zy alle tot een Goddelijke Offerhande gedoemd waaren. Het moorden geëindigd zijnde, reed ik als een gevangen nieuwen Ruiter met mijn troep weeder te rug, zonder te weeten waar heen. Naa eenige daagen mareheerens kwamen wy aan een arm van de Zee, daar meenigte Vlotten laagen, eenige met twee, andere met drie en vier zeilen; hier meede wierden wy alle overgezet. Onse Kompagnie was hondert man sterk, rijdende in tien gelederen, elk gelit had een Offi- cier of Korporaal: in haar Standaards was op blaauw satijn een gouden Sonne, waar in den Engel Baloka in een purpere rok zat en schreef ; deesen had meerder oogen als van Argus ooit verdigt is; sijne gedaante was zeer wonderlijk, als geheel bestaande uit oogen, ooren en handen, dat my vreemt voor kwam. Wy waaren de eerste Kompagnie die weeder keerden van drie duisend Ruiters, zijnde Hulp benden, welke dit Eiland Krinke Kesmes aan haare Nabuuren geleend hadden. Ik aan Land koomende, wierd in een Boeren huis gelegt, tot order van Kesmes kwam, dat ik daar zou komen. Daar komende, wierd ik in een Scholastique vergaadering gebragt, alwaar vier-en-twintig zeer agtbare Mannen zaaten. Den (191) Voorzitter deed my aan een klein taafeltjen zitten, daar papier, pennen en inkt op was ; men wees my dat ik schrijven moest, 't welk doende, van den El-h o 171 ging mijn schrift rondom, elk van deese Heeron beschouden het, tot het een aanzienlijk Man in sijn hand krijgende, dat overluid las; hy op- staande, vroeg my in goed Hollands, hoe ik by de Natie Kaskes (welk woord beteekend Strand- ers, of Strand hewooners) gekomen was? Ik ant- woordende, verhaalde het geene my weeder- vaaren was; waar over zy haar alle zeer ver- wonderden. Hy gebood my dit alles op te schrijven, dat ik vaardig deed, alzoo ik het zelve als een A. B, C. van buiten kon. Dit overgeleeverd hebbende, wierd het voort in deese Land-taale overgeset. Des agtermiddags kwaamen my tien Jongelingen, in die Hol- landsche taal begroeten, die zy vry wel spraaken, leezen, en schrijven konden, Naa drie daagen wierde ik uit de lïoofd-Stad Kesmes, naa deese Stad Taloujaël gesonden, om alhier geduurende mijn leeven, eenige Jeugd de Hollandsche taaie te leeren, dat als nog mijn werk is. Men geeft my hier zeer eerlijk onderhoud, mijn Schoole is nooit sterker als ses jonge Lui- den, die ik in de Plollandsche Taaie onderwijse, (192) en doe verstaan, spreeken, leesen, en schrijven, Deese Zuidlanders meenen, dat het geluk van haar land, en haare goede en zeer heerlijke regeering, alleen afhangd van de goede opvoe- dinge der jeugd, daarom moogen hier geen todden 172 De Historie van wijven, School-matressen nog geen dronkene snipers, of kwaalijk gemanierde mannen, School- meesters zijn ; de zulke worden veragt, zoo wel als die haar natuurlijk verstand ontbreeken neevens, de talmers en teemers, die niet glad van tong zijn. Zy gelooven hier, dat alle, of de meeste fouten, welke veele menschen als eigen zijn, zy die in haare Jeugd, van haare Opvoeders, en Onder- wijsers ontfangen, en dat de zelve dan door gewoonte haar by blijven. Daarom moeten hier de Schoolmeesters verstandig, zeer opmerkende, voorsigtig, en welleevende zijn. Ik heb my naa haare wetten gevoegd, en leeve nog daar naa zoo eerlijk als ik kan ; daarom ben ik beschonken met deese roode Rok en roode Muts, dat hier een kleed van eere is. Het teeken op mijn Borst geborduurd, is in deese Landtaal El-ho dat is vryman. FINIS Date Due ' 1 1 Form 335. 45M 8-37. 339.3133 SÓ37N 32ö022