DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 with funding from Duke University Libraries https://archive.org/details/highwayworkinnor01prat NORTH CAROLINA GEOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC SURVEY JOSEPH HYDE PRATT. State Geologist ECONOMIC PAPER No. 44 HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA DURING THE CALENDAR YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1914 A STATISTICAL REPORT COMPILED BY JOSEPH HYDE PRATT, State Geologist AND MISS H. M. BERRY, Secretary RALEIGH Edwards & Broe t ghton Printing Co. State Printers 1917 GEOLOGICAL BOARD Governor Locke Craig, ex officio Chairvian Raleigh Frank R. Hewitt Asheville Hugh MacRae Wilmington Henry E. Fries Winston-Salem John Sprunt Hill Durham Joseph Hyde Pratt, State Geologist Chapel Hill LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Chapel Hill, N. C., Hay 1, 1916. To His Excellency , Hon. Locke Craig, Governor of North Carolina. Sir : — The North Carolina Geological and Economic Survey, in cooperation with the United States Office of Public Roads, has collected data for the calendar year 1911 in regard to road work in the State, including mileage, finances, administration, maintenance, uses of convict and free labor, etc. The results of these statistics throw considerable light on the road situation in the State, and it is be- lieved that their publication from year to year will help the people of the State to realize, more than anything else, the inefficiency of present methods of road work and administration, and the necessity for the inauguration of more effective and scientific methods. I am, there- fore, submitting these statistics in the form of a report, to he published as Economic Paper No. 41 of the publications of the North Carolina Geological and Economic Survey. Tours respectfully, Joseph Hyde Pratt, State Geologist. HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA DURING THE CALENDAR YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1914 Compiled by Joseph Hyde Pratt, State Geologist, ayd Miss H. M. Berry, Secretary. The present report covers an investigation, conducted by tlie Xorth Carolina Geological and Economic Survey in cooperation with the United States Office of Public Iioads, in regard to road mileage, road funds, whether by taxation, bond issue, labor tax, etc. ; convict labor on public roads ; administrative boards ; and systems of maintenance. The statistics given in this report apply to the calendar year ending December 31, 1914, and consist, in the main, of tables, accompanied by a brief explanatory text, GENERAL STATEMENT REGARDING NORTH CAROLINA AND HER ORGANI- ZATION AS TO ROAD ADMINISTRATION. ETorth Carolina has an area of 52,286 square miles, which includes a land area of 48,666 square miles and a water area of 3,620 square miles. Its extreme length from east to west is 503 1-4 miles, and ex- treme width from north to south is 1ST 1-2 miles. It is bounded on the north by the State of Virginia, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the. south by the States of South Carolina and Georgia, and on the west by the State of Tennessee. It has one hundred counties, vary- ing in size from Robeson, with the largest land area, amounting to 870 square miles, to ETew Hanover, the smallest, with an area of 162 square miles. Extending from the coast westward to the mountains for a distance of over 500 miles, it includes within its boundaries every variation in topography, from the lowlands of the coastal plain region and the higher region of the piedmont plateau to the steep mountain regions of Western Hortli Carolina. Similar variations are to be found in its climate and geological formations. All these diverse conditions make the highway problems of the various counties of the State exceedingly complex, and each section has its own problems with regard to location, drainage, surfacing ma- terials, and maintenance. Thus, according to the section of the State in which the county is located, it is found advisable to use ma- cadam, gravel, sand-clav, or topsoil as surfacing materials. ETature 6 HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA lias, however, been very generous in supplying rather abundantly suit- able materials for making sand-clay* roads, and because North Caro- lina is essentially a rural State, containing but few large cities, the sand-clay road for the most part meets traffic conditions over a very wide section. The State is exceedingly well watered, and the prob- lem of culvert and bridge construction and repair is a vital one. All the road work in North Carolina is under the direction of local county or township officials. Up to the last two or three years all assessments were made by county commissioners and the accruing funds spent under their direction. Within the past two or three years, however, especially where bonds have been voted for building public roads, special road commissions have been appointed, either for the entire county (when county bonds have been issued) or for townships or road districts, as the case may be; so that during 1914 the road funds of the State were administered by county commissioners, county road commissioners, township road commissioners or trustees, etc. The modern movement for better roads in North Carolina may be said to have begun in 1879, when the General Assembly passed what is known as the Mecklenburg Road Law. This was proposed as a general State law, but when passed it applied to only three counties — Mecklenburg, Forsyth, and Stokes. It provided for the working of public roads partly by taxation and partly by the old labor system; but even in this moderate form it was ahead of its time, and in 18S1 was repealed. Up to the passage of this law all the road work had been done by the free-labor system, which is still in vogue in a number of counties, in some still being the only system in use, and in others supplemented by a road tax or bond issue. This Mecklenburg law, which was reenacted, can be adopted as the road law of any county by a vote of the county commissioners on petition signed by a number of freeholders in the county. The General Assembly of 1913 passed a great many acts relating to the issuing of road bonds by counties and townships. There was a great lack of uniformity in these bills and wide variation in the method of issuing the bonds, some being authorized by election on a set date ; some by election on petition to county commissioners, others to be issued directly by the county commissioners without vote or petition, and still others to be issued in the discretion of the county commis- sioners. Some of the acts called for special road or highway com- missions to take charge of the road work and others placed the road work under the township commissioners and county commissioners. There was one law of a general nature passed authorizing any town- ship (except in the counties of Rockingham, Madison, Anson, and *Sand-clay includes gravel and topsoil. HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA 7 Robeson) to vote upon bonds, not exceeding $50,000, upon petition to boards of county commissioners. Elections for these bond issues are to be called by said board upon petition of one-fourth of the qualified voters of any township. STATE ROAD WORK. Up to the present time no work has been done directly under the State, except such educational work and engineering assistance as could be rendered by the small appropriation of $5,000 a year allotted to the highway department of the Worth Carolina Geological and Economic Survey. Certain special work, however, was allotted to this department by the Legislature of 1913, as the supervision of the construction of the Hickory Hut Gap Road (a link of the Charlotte- Aslieville Highway), which is being built by State convicts, and simi- lar supervision of a link of the Central Highway in Madison County. State convicts were also allotted to do this work. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. The facts given in this report were obtained from chairmen of boards of county commissioners, chairman of road commissions (both county and township), from registers of deeds, clerks of courts, road engineers, road superintendents, and in some cases from private individuals. The county and road commissions were first written to and given an opportunity to fill out the list of questions. A sec- ond request was sent with a personal letter. In many instances third, fourth, and fifth requests were mailed to such parties as it was thought could give reliable answers. In a few cases personal visits were made by engineers of the Geological Survey to road officials and the desired information secured. In compiling the special-tax figures, access was had to the report of the State Auditor, and we were able to compute the amount of special tax from this, thus checking up these returns. This office keeps in touch with the bond issues which are being voted from time to time by different counties and townships, and thus we were able to check this data with the reports sent in. As to mileage in the counties, these figures were adjusted ivith figures which had been received in previous years for total mileage, and the figures for improved mileage were checked by considering average cost per mile with available funds. While all data given may not be absolutely correct, it is believed that it is as nearly correct as can be had from any available sources 8 HIGHWAY WORK IN' NORTH CAROLINA of information. None of the counties or townships in which road work is being done keep accurate cost data, and practically none of the counties have had road maps made of them, so that, while the figures given as to mileage cannot he taken as absolutely correct, yet they are close approximations. HIGHWAY WORK IK NORTH CAROLINA 9 Table I Revenue by Counties and Townships from Direct Taxation ( Property and Poll), Special Taxes ( Auto Tax, Dog Tax, Central Highway Tax), Labor Tax, and Private Subscription. It will be noted from this table that in some instances there is a tax levied for the entire county for road improvement, in other in- stances townships have a special levy for road building, while in still other cases there is a county lew supplemented by additional levies in certain townships. In column 1 is given the rate for county levies per $100 worth of property. In column 2 is given the rate of township levies per $100 worth of property. In column 3 is given the rate on polls by counties. In column I is given the rate by townships on the poll. Column 5 gives the amounts obtained from both property and poll taxes in counties and townships. Column 6 gives the purposes for which these taxes are levied, as for repair and maintenance of dirt roads ; construction of new roads ; interest and sinking fund on bond issues ; bridges, etc. Column 7 gives the allotment by counties of the State automobile tax. This tax is supposed to be used for the upkeep of roads, but is sometimes diverted from that purpose. Column 8 specifies certain other sources of revenue, as private sub- scriptions ; dog taxes ; value of labor contributions ; tax for Central Highway; Federal funds; excess fees of county officers used for roads ; United States Department of Agriculture fund ; sale of rail- road stock ; money borrowed by county commissioners for roads ; rail- road tax; and chain-gang tax. Column 9 gives the amounts raised from the sources designated in column 8. Column 10 gives the total amount for road purposes derived from columns 5, 7 and 9. Column 11 gives by counties and townships the number of days of free labor required from citizens in rural districts. Column 12 gives the age limits of citizens who are subject to this labor tax. Column 13 gives by counties and townships the- estimated number of men who are subject to this labor tax. 10 HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA TABLE I. REVENUE FOR ROAD WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA— BY SPECIAL TAXES, Rate on Property Rate on Poll Total Amounts Obtained F or What L T sed County Township County Town- ship >> a o O Town- ship from Property and Poll Taxes $0.16! 0 s _ s. s % 17,629.98 Const, and repr... 0 Repair .25 .75 *1,000.00 0 0 Repair 25-30 75-90c 19,683.00 Constr. Repair . _ .... .20 0 4,500.00 Repr. dirt roads.. Const, and repr... Chocowinity Long Acre... .. _ n .10 2.00 8,256.03 13,724.78 Richland _ Washington _ .20 3 0 Bridges and repr. .10 .30 6,000.00 dirt roads Repair .25 1,000.00 Lockw'ood's Folly___ Northwest _ .12 .36 4,500.00 Int. and sink, fund Smithfield___ Town Creek . ._ . .20 0 51,128.76 Const, and repr.__ Black Mountain.. .20 1,800.00 .20 0 8,759.44 Const, and repr.__ Morganton.. \ .085 2,300.00 Int. and sink, fund Silver Creek f .30 0 30,280.00 Const, and repr._. 0 0 0 .15 0 5,460.00 Int. and sink, fund 10 o 3,000.00 *12,371.00 const, and repr.. .20 0 Repr. and bridges. .20 0 7,242.65 Int. and sink, fund .30 *4,500.00 Int. and sink, fund .10 0 6,836.76 Repr. dirt road — .10 0 *5,000.00 21 § *2,000.00 .55 11,000.00 Int. and sink, fund .35 1.05 6,500.00 o First .071 .22!'] .60 Second .20 5,300.00 Repair.. Third .20 .60 [ .20 .60 j Clay .10 0 1,109.00 Repair - *Estimated. HIGHWAY WOKE IN NORTH CAROLINA 11 GIFTS, LABOR, AND ALL OTHER SOURCES EXCEPT BOND ISSUES DURING 1914. Amount of Auto Tax Other Sources How Derived Amount $ 1,004.00 131.60 Priv. sub.. 1.60 494.40 20.00 8.00 903.00 Priv. sub Priv. sub... Labor, etc.. 856.20 125.60 100.40 Priv. sub. 3,495.40 316.20 Priv. sub.. 284.80 105 60 431.80 4.00 Cjrp. tax. Dog tax... Priv. sub.. Labor Priv. sub.. 400.00 500.00 1 , 000 . 00 ' 2,500.00 500.00 5,000.00 1,100.60 439.40 j Labor ..... \ Priv. sub f Labor. \Priv. sub., 60.00 127.60 Labor 312.80 / Dog tax \ Priv. sub... 1,100.40 Priv. sub... 200.00 1,800.00' 300.00 2,000.00 1.103.00 1 . 100.00 800.00 500.00 100.00 Totals from All Sources Average Number of Days Worked Per Man Age Limit Estimated Number Men Subject to Labor Tax 19,033.98 3 days or SI. 25 21-45 2,000 131.60 6 18-45 1,500 1,000.00 501.60 6 const., 8 repr. 18-50 700 23,677.40 6 18-45 2,000 20.00 8 18-45 1,000 4,508.00 0 903.00 3 18-45 1,200 8,256.03 14,580.98 4 18-45 3,000 6,625.60 0 1,100.40 6 18-45 1,000 4,500.00 0 59,624.16 4 days or S3. 00 21-45 2,835 1,800.00 0 9,075.64 6 18-45 1,200 2,300.00 0 32,080.60 0 0 2,639.40 6 18-45 3,000 0 60.00 6 18-45 1,000 5,787.60 6 18-45 800 5,412.80 4 18-45 1,500 15,471.40 0 7,242.65 0 *4,500.00 0 10,124.56 3 21-45 3,000 5,605.60 8 21-45 1,400 2,000.00] 11, 000.00 j- 6 21-45 600 6 , 500 .00 J 531.80 0 5,300.00 0 1,113.00 4 18-45 300 12 HIGHWAY WORK IN NOETH CAROLINA Table I Rate on Property Rate on Poll Total Amounts Obtained County Township County Town- ship County Town- ship from Property and Poll Taxes For What Used S .25 s_ .. 8. s S No. 2. No. 4 *23,000.00 Int., sinking fund No. 7 No. 8 and repair No. 9. .10 0 11,266.80 Constr. and repr._ and brdg. matr._ Levied by Township.. .20 .60 25,344.40 -Const, and repr... Const, and repr... and bridges .25 0 26,000.00 0 0 0 0 Levied by Township. _ 15-20 45-60 21,880.00 Repr. dirt roads .20 .60 10,059.33 and repair 0 Repr. dirt roads.. .20 *2,000.00 Int. on bends .20 .60 *1,500.00 Int. on bonds.. __ .17 0 47,928.04 Const, and repr. and bridges .25 19,082.15 Const, and repr... .23 } Rocky Mount R. D.__ .20 .60 11,119.38 Const, and repr. Forsyth .28 0 82,728.64 Const, and repr. and bridges __ _ .10 6.482.00 6.800.00 4.500.00 2.600.00 .35 1.05 .25 .30 .90 .25 .75 41,250.00 Const, and repr. bridges Gates 0 0 Rpr. dirt roads Int. on bonds .20 .60 1,318.88 Graham ■ 25 s 1,233.00 Repr. dirt roads .. .30 .90 2,700.00 Repr. dirt roads Repr. dirt roads .30 .90 1,200.00 Granville .30} 28,405.77 Const, and repr. _ Greene .59 10,661.26 Int. sinking fund and repairs Guilford .234 70,000.00 All purposes, in- cluding bridges . Halifax .25 2.00 32,000.00 Int. sinking fund and repairs ’Estimated. tFor three townships. JSandy Creek Township. HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA 13 Continued. Amount of Auto Tax Other Sources Totals from All Sources Average Number of Days Worked Per Man Age Limit Estimated Number Men Subject to Labor Tax How Derived Amount S 852.20 S 852.20 0 23,000.00 0 fSpee. tax _ 603 .00] 505.60 » e 3 o O c & o. £13 M co 3 o o d £ 0. from Property and Poll Taxes For What Used s $ S $ s Int. and Const Hectors Creek ] .20 .60 5,000.00 Upper Little River. _J .12 6.444.00 7.287.00 9,000.00 • 33 J .20 Int., sink, fund, re- pairs and brdgs. 0 .25 2,636.00 Gen. repr. drt. rds. Gen. repr. drt. rds. Gen. repr. drt. rds. Gen. repr. drt. rds. Gen. repr. drt. rds. Gen. repr. drt. rds. Harrellsville .25 .75 2,053.00 Maney’s Neck .25 .75 1,821.00 Murfreesboro _ .05 .15 378.00 .30 .90 3,117.00 Winton .25 .75 2,698.00 Hoke .25 .75 7,500.00 0 Fairfield... . _ .20 .60 696.85 Bridges and repair dirt roads .20 .60 856 .84 .25 .75 36,221.23 Int. sinking fund, reprs. and brgs- Jackson Cullowhee . 1 Dillsboro >■ 10-55 30-1.65 9,118.00 Int. and sinking fund Sylva J Johnston .25 28,874.24 Const, and rpr Repr. dirt roads and grading Jones .20 .60 6,308.79 Lee__ ■ Hi .60 8,655.00 Int. sinking fund, repr. and brdgs. _ .18 0 14,287.72 Const., rprs. and bridges .20 .60 *12,000.00 Int., sinking fund and repairs Macon .34 8,150.48 Repr. dirt roads — Franklin McDowell .10 1,500.00 5.563.39 Repr. dirt roads Int. and skg. fund Int. and skg. fund Int. and skg. fund Int. and skg. fund Marion. __ __ .30 Nebo .20 *1,200.00 Old Fort .25 3,500.00 Madison .30 0 10,916.70 Martin -16 s .50 .50 2,600.00 Int. and skg. fund Const, and rpr Williamston 1.50 7,019.13 Mecklenburg... .30 .10 130,720.00 30c const., 10c rpr., const, and rprs._ Berryhill. .121 Mitchell .50 0 11,000.00 Repr. dirt roads and bridges *Estimated. fHarp’s Hoad. +In three townships. HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA 35 Continued. Amount of Auto Tax Other Sources Totals from All Sources Average Number of Days Worked Per Man Age Limit Estimated Number Men Subject to Labor Tax How Derived Amount $ *200.00 1 $ 698.40 8 1,198.40 6 18—15 1,500 ^ Priv. sub.. ‘300.00 / 13,500.00 8,500.00 400.00 \ 243.20 . 11.037.20 6 18-45 3,000 \ Spec. tax. 4,000.00 / 7,287.00 584.40 Priv. sub 1,000.00 10,584.40 5 days or $2.50 21-45 600 446.00 446.00 6 days or $3.00 18-45 2,500 2,636.00 2,053.00 1,821.00 378.00 3,117.00 2,698.00 469.20 7,969.20 0 0 0 185.60 1S5.60 to 18-15 500 696.85 856.84 U. S. Dept. Agri- 1,377.40 culture Fund 3,802.88. 41,401.51 0 0 0 16.00 16.00 4 18—15 2,000 9,118.00 1,4-5.00 Priv. sub. _ __ 1,000.00 36,349.24 6 days in 8 twps. 21-45 1,800 300.00 1 170.00 ^ Labor sub... _ 700.00 / 7,478.79 2 days or $1.00 21-45 1,000 296.60 8,951.60 0 0 0 1,500.00 1 1,044 40 54,332 12 0 0 0 \ Sale R. R. stock__ 37,500.00 / 449.20 12,449.20 0 0 0 200.00 1 55.60 \ Labor _ 50.00 / 8,456.08 4 days or $2.00 18-45 1,500 105.20 1,605.20 6 18-45 1,000 5,563.39 4 18—15 600 62.00 1,262.00 5 21-45 500 3,500.00 5 21-45 250 6.00 Fed. Fund 10,000.00 10,922.70 6 days or $5.00 18-45 1,500 812.60 812.60 6 21-45 1,700 2,600.00 234.90 7,254.03 4,699.40 135,419.40 4 21-45 2,000 2 21-45 0 11,000.00 4 21—15 1,100 16 HIGHWAY WORK IK NORTH CAROLINA Table I — Rate on Property Rate on Poll Total Amounts Obtained County Township d d o O d £ a h’-S >> o O d If from Property and Poll Taxes F or What Used s .10 s $ S 12,624.73 Const, and rpr Const, and rpr .30 4,303.10 Bensalem Carthage _ Deep River. _ .25 .75 *19,000.00 Const, and rpr Int. and skg. fund McNeills Mineral Springs Sand Hills.. ... _ .30 .90 .30 0 Coopers Creek .30 0 Dry Wells .30 0 .30 .90 .30 0 *40,000.00 .30 0 .30 .90 Red Oaks. _ .30 0 .20 .60 .30 0 0 0 *75,000.00 .20 Const, and rpr 1.50 16.30S.20 Int. and skg. fund 0 Repr. dirt road .20 .60 3.63S.20 and bridge.. ... .35 0 18.7S0.00 Int. sinking fund Pamlico.. _ .20 0 3,579.00 and repr.__ Repr. road and .13 0 9,720.27 bridges. . Rpr. roads and 0 0 bridges. Repr. dirt roads .20 .60 1,200.00 bridges Repr. dirt road .35 1 .05 13,351.41 Repr. dirt road __ .25 0 11,613.00 Repr. dirt road... .15 .45 15,000.00 Brdgs. and gen- .30 0 3,500.00 eral road work__ Int. sinking fund Polk .52 0 10,010.00 and repair Brdgs. int. sinkg. .085 0 6,500.00 fund and rpr Bridges, const.. repair .33^ 1 .00 29,333.00 36, 521. IS Const, and rprs. __ Rpr. dirt roads ... Const, and rpr... Const., rpr., and bridges .21 0 .24 0 2S.000.00 51,256.00 16.050.S1 .35 1 .05 .15 2.00 const, and rpr... *Estimated. HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA 17 Continued. Amount of Auto Tax Other Sources How Derived Amount S 482.00 1,144.20 Labor Priv. sub.. 1,452.60 2,449.60 532.60 162.00 441.20 80.00 699.80 182.00 238.00 502.40 2,033.40 90.00 749.80 1.169.40 1,437.80 1,053.60 1.986.40 Labor- Labor Priv. sub.. Priv. sub.. ! Borrowed by Co Priv. sub Labor Priv. sub Labor and haul- ing — 81,000.00 'l 4,200.00 / 500.00 200.00 Priv. sub 2.000.00 Labor 500,00 Priv. Sub. _ 250.00 Priv. sub. 250.00 Dog tax-. 700.00 Labor- 50.00 Spec. Tax. 175.00 6,000.00 400.00 500.00 3,500.00 Priv. sub.. 1,500.00 200.00 Totals from All Sources Average Number of Days Worked Per Man Age Limit Estimated Number Men Subject to Labor Tax SIS, 306. 73 4 days or S4.00 18-45 2,000 4,303.16 1,144.20 0 0 0 21,700.00 1,452.60 40,000.00 77,449.60 0 0 0 532.60 3 21-45 2,700 16,308.20 912.00 4 18-45 1,200 3,638.20 20,171.20 0 0 0 3,884.00 4 21-50 1,360 10,420.07 0 0 0 6,182.00 8 18-45 1,400 1,200.00 13,589.41 0 0 0 12,515.40 0 0 0 17,533.40 5 18-45 2,000 7,000.00 10,100.00 4 21-45 1,000 63,249.80 4 18-45 3,600 32,002.40 0 0 0 37,958.98 4 days or S2.00 21-50 7,360 29,053.60 2 days or SI .00 21-45 2,960 54,742.40 0 0 0 16,954.01 0 0 0 703.20 2 18 HIGHWAY WORK IK NORTH CAROLINA Table I — County Township Rate on Property Rate on Poll Total Amounts Obtained from Property and Poll Taxes For What Used County Town- ship County Town- ship S .12 $ .... 8 0 s S 10,000.00 Int. on bonds and bridges. __ .20 0 6,993.00 Rpr. dirt road Laurel Hill _ _ .33 J 0 *1,500.00 and repair .50! 0 *2,500.00 Int. sinking fund and repair .30 0 *8,500.00 and repair 0 *4,500.00 and repairs .10 0 5,631.00 and repair 7,450.00 Grading and rprs. .40 1.20 Meadows. .30 1.05 *20,000.00 and repair .40 1.20 0 .20 .60 6,600.00 .10 0 2,784.70 Const, and rpr 0 15 -25c .45 6,073.40 0 367.00 Constr. and rpr... .25 11,066.00 Constr. and rpr.__ .14 .17 .51 16,661.55 and repair .25 70,749.41 gen. road work and bridges Cary.._ Cedar Fork t .10 3,812.66 Rpr. and const... Middle Creek. _ _ _ Panther Branch .25 8,685.00 Repr. and brdgs.. .25 .75 3,750.00 Int. and snk. fund .20 .60 10,000.00 Constr. and rpr. . .21f Constr. and rpr. _ .10 .30 13,757.00 Rpr. dirt roads ... .20 .60 9,000.00 Constr. and rpr... .10 0 6,292.00 Rpr. dirt roads ... .25 32,284.00 Repr.. constr. and bridges ........ .30 .90 *5,000.00 Rpr., constr. and bridges .40 5,135.20 Repair .15 2,811 .00 Repair 1 1 SI, 782, 193. 15 ^Estimated. tExtra. HIGHWAY WORK 1ST XOSTH CAROLINA 19 Continued. Amount Other Sources Totals Average Number of Days Worked Per Man Age Limit Estimated Number Men Subject to Labor Tax of Auto Tax How Derived Amount from All Sources -S 2,500.00 \ 1,500.00 / $ 14,493.60 18—45 3,000 S 493.60 6 1,100.80 8,093.80 0 0 0 *1,500.00 *2,500.00 *S,500.00 *4,500.00 702.60 6,333.60 4 2H5 1,060 7,450.00 216.80 216.80 6 18-45 2,000 1 20,200.00 | 200. 00J 600.00 526.00 1,126.00 6 18-45 2,000 6,600.00 20.00 2,804.70 4 18-45 1,500 216.60 Chain-gang tax 10 cents. 2,536.70 ■ 8,826.70 4 days or $4.00 18-45 1,500 128.40 128.40 6 21-45 1,500 17.00 384.00 612.20 200.00 11,878.20 6 18-45 3,500 1,044.00 3,519.40 600.00 18,305 .55 77,911.81 0 0 o Dog tax. 3,643.00 0 0 0 3,812.66 619.60 9,304.60 0 0 o 3,750.00 398 .40 10,398.40 6 days or §2.00 4 N. R., 8 O. R. 21-45 500 5.60 5,601.90 18-45 1,500 2,800 1,542.00 15,299.00 6 18-45 Cent. Hway. tax 500.00 9,500.00 149 .40 3,000.00 1 10 18-45 200.00 / 9,641.40 3,000 1,590.40 33,874.40 0 0 o *5,000.00 107.60 5,242.80 6 18-45 1,500 3,000 8.00 2,819.00 6 18-45 $76,173.40 $221,271.73 S2, 105, 238. 28 121,225 20 HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA - , ' A review of this table shows that seventy-six counties have levied a special tax for road work, the tax being levied for the' whole county. The greater proportion of this was spent, in connection with the labor tax, in the repair of the dirt roads of the counties. As a rule, this money is not spent under the direction of a competent road engineer or superintendent, but is apportioned among the townships and used to employ people, unskilled in road building, who live along the road, to work at such times as their crops are not needing them. Thirty- seven counties have from one to twelve townships levying special road tax. There were seventeen counties which had a county road tax, supplemented by special township taxes. Twenty counties had a poll tax for roads and forty-six townships in twenty-eight counties re- ported a similar tax. Twelve counties reported other special taxes used for road work, such as dog tax, railroad tax, Central Highway tax, chain-gang tax, etc., aggregating $37,717.70 in 1914; $76,173.40 from the State automobile tax was reported to have been returned to the counties to be used on the roads. During 1914, $92,279 were used in forty-eight counties from private subscriptions of money, labor, and teams. One county sold railroad stock to the amount of $37,500, which was spent on the public roads during 1914, and three counties were aided by the expenditure of Federal funds. This makes a total of $2,105,238.28 which was reported to have been spent on the public roads during 1914 from taxes of various kinds, private subscriptions, Federal funds, etc. Of this amount, it was reported that $312,300 was spent for interest and sinking funds on bond issues ; and it was estimated that $674,577.28 was used for maintenance or upkeep of the public roads, $125,000 for construction and repair of bridges, and $316,628 for the construction of new roads. In addition to the above taxes, sixty-seven counties have a labor tax, and these reported during 1914 an aggregate of 121,225 men subject to this tax who worked on an average 5.17 days each during the year, making a total of 676,733 1-4 days of labor put on the roads in these counties during 1914. Valuing this labor tax at $1 per day, this makes an additional $676,733.25 spent on the roads during 1914. HIGHWAY WORK IK KORTH CAROLINA 21 Table II County and Township Expenditures for Roads by Bond Issues This table gives revenue from bond issues. These bonds are issued either as county bonds or township bonds, and frequently county bonds are supplemented by special bond issues in certain of its townships. Column 1 gives the total amount of bonds by counties and town- ships issued to January 1 , 1913. Column 2 gives date of sale of these bonds. Column 3 gives amount of bonds voted during 1913. Column 4 gives amount of bonds sold during 1913. Column 5 gives amount of bonds voted during 1914. Column 6 gives amount of bonds sold during 1914. Column 7 gives total amount of bonds issued to January 1 , 1915. TABLE II. REVENUE BY BOND ISSUES. 22 HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA ci £ &-r ; O ° S £ S« § §2 <'o£ a © © © © © © © © OC © © © ooooooo ©o ©©©©©©© ©© ©©©©©©© ©© © © to © © lO CM T-I © tc © © 03 bQ §|'Ss « o © © © © © © © © lO 00-2 m>Q °,S 3 S O O 3 c Q ■g-o ^2 O S §2 ffl jg c — 1" CM <5 J» ? O P > 2 3 « O ^ a ? s s > o i -c 2 — a "Tj 5-1 *-5 ' ^ o ° J§ E o hJ GO 03 E- i I = c tt CC O Q HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA 23 o © o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o c o o o o o o o o o o O O O iO o o cc CO o o o o o o o o C O O O' o’ o o o o O' o o o o © o o •g s • ~ CJ ffi £ c ^ « £ a o > n ^ r C £ -5 >> -p ^ Pj 3 c 3 CQ O N CO dodo o’ .2 J2 Q g c I § ^ s § "cj o 5 8 , S -a * „ . *• | S s a £ s ti J 3 o C3 S O fa « P 5 & S 5 M = c t: > 2 o o fa fa >< I I g a fa fa o o o Table II 24 HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA 25 o o o o o © o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O O O iO o ~ c o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o c o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o »o o o~ cm" o o o o O G & § .2 ofe (- _ c3 O ^ SZo & 3 e o o *Z Cl & 1-^ o ^3 o Q a s s -A a a 5 3 3 S. Whitakers, R. D ' 10,000 ' L | I ' I 10,000 Table II — Continued. 26 HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA n«it* Q 2Z2-— c ° :’o bo 3”Q" o o ^ ^ m>p c s «s ° g 32 pq m c oooooooo ■m = cc j= §° - M -a t- 1 “ g C3 £ « 5 2 s s a ® s 2 b « 32 J §• § = I si* HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA 27 28 HIGHWAY WOEK IN NORTH CAROLINA A review of this table shows that up to January 1, 1915, 21 coun- ties and 120 townships had issued or voted bonds amounting to $8,961,800; that of these, 3 counties and 36 townships voted bonds during 1914, amounting to $1,065,500. In 1913 there were $2,338.- 800 in bonds sold, and during 1914 $2,345,000 worth of bonds were sold by 7 counties and 55 townships. Table III Classified Bond Mileage. This table gives road mileage by counties. Column 1 gives, by counties, the total number of miles of public- roads in the State. These figures are only approximately correct. Column 2 gives by counties the total number of miles of macadam roads in the State. Column 3 gives the number of miles of macadam roads constructed in the various counties during 1914. Column 4 gives, by counties, the total number of miles of sand- clay or topsoil roads in the State. Column 5 gives, by counties, the number of miles of sand-clay or topsoil roads built during 1914. Column 6 gives, by counties, the total number of miles of gravel roads in the State. Column 7 gives, by counties, the number of miles of gravel road built during 1914. Column 8 gives, by counties, the total number of miles of specially surfaced road (including bituminous macadam, asphalt macadam, Tarvia, and concrete roads) in the State. Column 9 gives the number of miles of specially surfaced road built during 1914. Column 10 gives the kinds of surfacing material used in columns S and 9. Column 11 gives, bv counties, the total number of miles of road graded and shaped but not surfaced. Column 12 gives the number of miles of road graded but not sur- faced during 1914. Column 13 gives, by counties, the number of miles of unimproved dirt road. TABLE III. CLASSIFIED HOAD MILEAGE IN NORTH CAROLINA DURING 1914. HIGHWAY WORK IK NORTH CAROLINA 29 PT?°H Via paAOidinpijq sa|ij\[ jaqin’njsj OO-'fOOvOC-'fC^O OC5COO®aO©«©OOU3»«OCOT-iQr*- O OO O O O Cl OO t"— CO O vOOO»OOr^C5COCii— 'OOCOOOCCCICQO (N^^NHcocoionrH-coococo II6I ni paoBj -jug %o^ jnq P0PBJQ pBO>£ sappj -laqumN paoBjang jo^ 1 n q pop^O pBop[ sapn laqumjq pnox O N (N N lO O VO VO pBOH paaBjing ApBiaadg jo puix 3 E N6I lima pno^ paOBJJUg ApBIO -adg jo sapj\[ jo jaqinnjq; SpBO^J paoBjing ApBio -adg jo saniM jaqmn^ iBjo.p =pi6i upa J9ABJQ sapH laqranjs^ I3ABIQ jo sapj\[ jo jaquin^ jbjox LI6I KPS jiosdox paB ABJO-piIBg jo sapj\[ jaqum^r jiosdox pus Abjd - puBgsapj^ jaquin^ jbjox ii6i upa mBpBOBJ\[ sapj\[ jaqinu^T pBoy UIBpBDB J\[ Sapj\[ jaqinnsj jbjox Pboh opqnx sapx\[ Jaquin^j OOOOtQiOCOOOOO , — , i i — ■ , — . r*-. . — rx is ;s ~ j— ' «o 04 co o uo co O VO 03 s ci c3 o o > P 2 1 UOOOCOGOOOUGoa *Estimated Table III — Continued. 30 HIGHWAY AVORK IN NORTH CAROLINA pBoy; via pOAOJClUIIUfl S0IIH aaquinjq £ 1 s s 1 s lllp!l!SSl#liliI»ail ^161 U T P 90 ^J -jng ^ 4 nq pap^JQ p'BO'^J S9 ITK -laqtan^j o o © r-~ o pao'Bjmg jo>j jriq pap^jQ puo^j sajij\[ jaquiriM I^X © © o >o © © »o S? g ** 2 S§§ S C M S ° - s s P^OH paaBjjng Ajpnoadg jo pui\[ 3 e H PQ fm upa p^°h paoBjing jCjjbio - adg jo sajx j\[ jo jaquiri^ P'BOU paoBjang q'Bioadg jo sa]ij 4 jaqinn^ j'Bjox *161 upa joabiq sajij\[ aaquin^j jaA^jQ jo sapp\[ jo jaqranjq jbjox O I to 2 g mi *iT n a jiosdox pu'B A'Bjo-pn'eg jo sajij,\r .iaquin^ M N O i to £ g 3 SSSS 2 : g § ^ § g g 55 posdoj, puu AT3\D -pu'Gg sapj\[ jaqum^r jbjox § g s g ?S 2 §S 2 |^g §5 net upa UIBpEOEJ^ sapM jaqran^j pEOH nrepEDEW S3]tJ\i jaquinjvj pnox S : g pBOH oqqnj S 3 ]ti\[ jaquivi^ ISIiill 11 1 11111111 1111 1 111 IS mill Snfa oouooo HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA 31 = § 3 CO 10 1-0 3 10 2 ? 2 S | w io o n o o m 2 g 2 g " § 2 g ^ S 3 r 1 ° 1 0pOO "gr uo uo co S 3 S 2 § S M S S f S 3 £ S lo o o 1 § sgss ? i i 8 : : gipliiiiB&IiliiiiliililllllSIipliiilsp! Table III — Continued. 32 HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA PBOH f H6i upa puoa paoBjjng Ajjbio ,- 3dg JO S3[JW JO laqumjq 15.25 pBOap3313J-Hlg/?J -{Bioadg jo sappi laqran^ p?jox 56.25 j'lci Ji^a: jaABIQ sapH jaqran^j S’ 3 J3ABJQ jo sajip[ JO jaqxnn^j pnox o - CM O ^161 JTPa jtosdox p^^ ^BjO-pUBg JO sajij\[ jaqtunjq o »o C5 CO 1,619.5 jtosdox put? iCBp -pnng sajrj\[ iaqran^j jbjox o o -s ' ISO rG o O +3 I 35 G +3 o & > s o > bflpq o ft d ■5 £ o xs O H +? G o3 o o g ^0'> 3 £ QQ 0 ) n ‘ fcfi - r~. " k. 'O •-< o G <2 u -3 ►> cn G d o c "2 j3J2=§-5£gH5J3g3 2 <3 § g s i (* T3 o 2 J 2 a t, I Currituck. T able IV — Continued. 36 HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA HIGHWAY WORK 1ST XORTH CAROLINA 37 Table IV — Continued. 38 HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA a$3o-^o-sh>> o n y—i cp o3 ^ ci ciO-r ^e/?p.A O O O O' o o o o o »o O 10 t'- LT r>» Cl CC »— I o » "2 t: ^ o o £0 c ^ J3 -— H H a .t: S - a -S O W H o >. .£ ^ C c h £ a 5 o-g a So-^i bfi - hD - * S3 , ts-p. w r? «-H ^ OQ 3 i J3 ci ^ P3 O S So** g£ ® > o °-^ 03 -5 sZ O >P Cl ri< t-~ Ph Ph Ph o - 0 ° ^ .2 o c o P3 K P$ a J3 -? c3 _ | O S -g t S ci o -+j “ > 02 02 02 02 02 02 \ S 5 © u _c Wayne 35 .65 Better than hired labor 8,750 Wilkes... Catawba... Would be good plan... W'ilson 55 .50 Think they should be so employed 13,750 Yadkin.. Yancey... HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA 39 40 HIGHWAY WORK IN' NORTH CAROLINA Table IV gives data in regard to the use of convict labor on the public roads in 1914. This shows that there were 1,888 short-term convicts used by the counties during 1914 and 155 State convicts. Thirty-one counties leased their convicts to other counties for use on public roads. The average cost for guarding, feeding, and general care of a convict ranges from 45 cents to $1 per day. Estimating the value of the convict labor at $1.25 per day per man and the num- ber of days worked during the year at 200, gives the total value of con- vict labor for 1914 of $460,250. Table V What Was Spent on Roads in 1911 and Hoic It Was Spent In this table is brought together the revenue from all sources (in- cluding taxes, subscriptions, bond issues, labor tax, convict labor, etc.) used on the public roads during 1914. Hone of the counties have kept exact figures in all cases as to the proportion of bond issues spent during this year, but it is believed that the figures given are fairly accurate. In this table is also given the number of miles of road surfaced and graded, together with estimated cost per mile of such improvements. Along with this statement is worked out the total amount spent in road construction during 1914 and an estimated statement as to the amount spent in the maintenance or upkeep of all the public roads during 1914. Column 1 gives the funds from all sources except bond issues. This is given entirely by counties, but in many instances the sums given represent money raised by special taxes in certain townships. This, however, is given in detail in Table I. Column 2 gives the estimated proportion of funds raised from bond issues spent during 1914. This is given by counties and townships. Column 3 gives the estimated value of the free-labor tax, valuing it at $1 per day per man. Column 4 gives the estimated value of convict labor as worked out in Table IV. Column 5 gives the total amounts from all sources spent on road work in 1914. Column 6 gives the number of miles of macadam road built in 1914, and column Y gives the cost per mile of this type of road. Column 8 gives the number of miles of sand-clay or topsoil road built in 1914, and column 9 the cost of this type of road per mile. HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA 41 Column 10 gives the number of miles of gravel road built in 1914 and column 11 the cost per mile. Column 12 gives the number of miles of specially surfaced road (including asphalt macadam, bituminous macadam, concrete, etc.) built in 1914, and column 13 gives the cost per mile of these types of road. Column 14 gives the number of miles of road graded but not sur- faced during 1914, and column 15 gives the cost per mile for grading. Column 16 gives the estimated total cost of roads graded and sur- faced during 1914. Column 17 gives the estimated amount spent on maintenance r ad repair during 1914. Columns 16 and 17 do not represent all the money given in column 5, as in many instances a certain amount of the road tax is used for interest and sinking fund on bond issues and in some instances for bridge building or bridge maintenance. 42 HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA TABLE V. WHAT WAS SPENT ON ROADS County (Bond Issues) Township Funds from All Sources Except Bond Issues Estimated Funds from Bond Issues Estimated Value Labor Tax at $1.00 Per Day Estimated Value of Con- vict Labor at $1.25 Per Day Total Amounts Spent Number Miles Macadam Built in 1914 $ 19,033.98 s S 6,000 3 25,033.98 Alexander... __ 131.60 9,000 9,131.60 1,000.00 1,000.00 501 .60 9,800 10,301.60 23,677.40 12,000 7,500 43,177.40 Ashe __ 20.00 8,000 8,029.00 4,508.00 4,508.00 9,159.03 25,000 3,600 7,500 25,259.03 14,580.98 12,000 1,250 27,830.98 6,625.60 6,625.60 5,000 5,000.00 5,000 5,000.00 5,600.40 5,600.40 10,000 10,000.00 5,000 5,000.00 5,000 5,000.00 Buncombe. __ _ 61,424.16 50,000 11,340 37,500 92,764.16 Burke... 11,375 64 11,375.64 10,000 10,000.00 32,080 60 25,000 7,500 64,580.60 Caldwell. 2,639.40 18,000 20,639.40 Camden _ 60.00 6,000 6,060.00 5,787.60 5,787.60 5,000 4,800 9,800.00 5,000 5,000.00 Caswell. _ __ _ 5,412.80 6,000 11,412.80 Catawba 27,214.05 27,214.05 10,000 10,000.00 10,000 10,000.00 Chatham. 10,124.56 9,000 19,124.56 Cherokee. _ __ _ 25,105.60 3,600 28,705.60 40,000 40,000.00 5 Chowan 5,831.80 5,831.80 Clay __ __ 1,113 00 1,200 2,313.00 Cleveland 23,852.20 23,852.20 No. 4 _ _ 10,000 10,000.00 15,000 15,000.00 No. 7 5,000 5,000.00 No. 8. .. __ 5,000 5,000.00 Columbus _ _ 13,775.40 24,000 8,750 46,525.40 Craven. . 29,579 40 6,250 35,829 40 Cumberland 26,872 00 26,872.00 Currituck ... __ 143.60 5,000 5,143.60 Dare 61 60 3,000 3,061.60 Davidson.. 23,217.00 6,000 5,000 34.217.00 Davie 22,708.13 120,000* 142,708.13 Duplin.. 5,604.40 18,000 23,604.40 7,500* 7.500 .00 Durham. 50,123.34 17,000 67.123.34 1 Edgecombe 31,882.13 10,000 41,882.13 Forsyth... . 88,390 69 25,000 32,500 145,S90.69 Franklin... _ _ 21,157.20 6,250 27,407.20 20,000 20,000.00 Bouisburg 40,000 40,000.00 *Esti mated. HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA 43 DURING 1914, AND HOW IT WAS SPENT. Cost Per Mile Number Miles Sand-Clay and Topsoil Built in 1914 Cost Per Mile Number Miles Gravel Built in 1914 Cost Per Mile Number Miles Specially Sur- faced, 1914 Cost Per Mile Number Miles Graded but Not 1 Surfaced, 1914 1 Cost Per Mile Estimated Total Cost of Roads Graded and Surfaced in 1914 Estimated Amount Spent in Mainte- nance and Repair During 1914 $ -S _ S 5 8 500 S 2,500 5 11,533.98 10,131.60 9.901.60 20,562.40 8,020.00 4,508.00 23,659.03 25,330.98 3.125.60 19 200-350 15 600 13 600 22,015 2 5 3 800* 300* 500* 1,600 1,500 11,500 20’ 10* 10* 500* 500* 500* 20 900 18,000 3,100.40 4 6 6 20 5 1,000 1,000* 1,000* 1,500 1,200* 27.5 2,000 59.000 10.000 33,764.16 9,075.64 5 10 1,000 800 35.000 14.000 29.580.60 6,639.40 6,060.00 12.587.60 10 500 7 200 6,400 - . 11,412.80 1,222.05 25 1,050 10 800 34,250 4 800 3,200 38,410 15,924.56 10,795.60 5 5 1,850 1,850 2 2 3,080 3,080 4,600 5,831.80 2,313.00 2,852.20 30 1,000 30,000 25 350 125 15 200 750 33,750 11,250 21,000 8,775.40 24.577.40 5,872.00 5.143.60 3.061.60 23,717.00 10,708.13 21.604.40 35 600 3 57 10 1,000* 2,000 400-1,000 10 10 10 750 800 50 10,500 122,000 7,500 5,000 , 7 2,250 5 2,800* 7 10 10 5 1,500-2,000 500 1,000 500 47.000 10.000 78,000 62,500 18,123.34 31,882.13 28,890.69 11,007.20 5 20 50 1,000* 1,800 500 4 5 8,000* 2,000* 1,000 44 HIGHWAY WORK IN' NORTH CAROLINA Table V — County (Bond Issues) Township Funds from All Sources Except Bond Issues Estimated Funds from Bond Issues Estimated Value Labor Tax at SI .00 Per Dav Estimated Value of Con- vict Labor at SI. 25 Per Day Total Amounts Spent Gaston___ ___ _ $ 43,757 00 •S s S 12,500 Gates.. 1,796.98 1,796.08 6,500 6,500.00 Graham 5,133.00 5,133.00 Cheoah 3,000 3,000.00 Granville 30,244.27 12,000 42,244.27 Greene __ 11,105.26 12,000 2,250 Bulls Head .. 6,000 6,000.00 Hookertown 3,000 3,000.00 Township. J 3,000 3,000.00 6,000 6,000.00 6,000 6,000.00 Shine _ 3,000 3,000.00 Snow Hill 6,000 6,000.00 Guilford.. ... .. 89,708.00 19,000 108, 70S. 00 Halifax... _ 33,924.60 41,424.60 40,000 40,000.00 Halifax 60,000 60,000.00 Harnett... 9,698.40 9,000 2,500 21,198.40 Black River. __ 2,500 2,500.00 Haywood _ 18,374.20 18,000 5,500 41,874.20 10,000 10,000.00 Henderson 10,584.40 25,000 3,000 14,500 53.0S4.40 12,000 12,000.00 ' Hendersonville .. 50,000 50,000.00 Hertford. . ___ 13,149 00 15,000 28,149.00 Hoke 7,969 20 10,000 17,969.20 Hyde 1,739 29 1,739.29 Iredell 41,401 51 50,000 98,651 .51 Jackson ... 9,134 00 S.000 17,134.00 15,000 15,000.00 Dillsboro 15,000 15,000.00 Sylva 30,000 30,000.00 Johnston _ 36,349.24 lO.SOO 5,000 52,149.24 25,000 25,000.00 Jones . .. 7,478 79 2,000 9.47S.79 Lee ... . 8,951 60 40,000 48,951.60 Lenoir.. __ 54,332 12 12,500 66,822.12 Lincoln ._ 12,449 20 90,000* 102,449.20 Macon _ 8,456.08 6,000 14,456.05 Franklin __ 40,000* 40,000.00 McDowell.. . 21,930.59 12,000 33,930.59 Marion 25,000 25,000.00 Nebo 5,000 5,000.00 . 20,000 20,000.00 Madison __ _ 10,922.70 130,000 9.000 149,922.70 Martin.. _ 10,666.63 10.200 20.S36.63 R.obersonville.. . 9,000 9,000.00 . Williamston ._ 5,000 5,000.00 . Mecklenburg 135,419 40 8,000 25,000 165,419.40 Mitchell. . ... 11,000.00 4,400 15,400.00 9,000 9,000.00 . Montgomery 22,609.89 S,000 30,609.89 |_ Number Miles M acadain Built in 1914 HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA 45 Continued. Cost Per Mile Number Miles Sand-Clay and Topsoil Built in 1914 Cost Per Mile Number Miles Gravel Built in 1914 Cost Per Mile Number Miles Specially Sur- faced, 1914 Cost Per Mile Number Miles Graded but Not Surfaced, 1914 Cost Per Mile Estimated Total Cost of Roads Graded and Surfaced in, 1914 Estimated Amount Spent in Mainte- nance and Repair During 1914 $3,000-4,000 14 700-1,250 -3 $. _ S 41,650 6,530 S 14,607.00 1,716.08 2D 223 2 1,500 3,000 5,133.00 10 40 250-1,500 800 8,750 32,000 15,894.27 15, 155.26 40 55 1,000* 1,300 40,000 90,600 36,168.00 40,824.60 6 2,100 10 600-700 10 1,000* 5 600* 13,000 10,698.40 4,000* 2 2,000* 20,000 31,874.20 60 300-1,000 35 500 71,500 27,584.40 28.149.00 2,969.20 1,739.29 14,651.51 17.134.00 25 500 25 100 15,000 40 1,650 66,000 60,000 20 3,000* 50 500 10* 200* 27,000 42,149.24 4 20 30 50* 5 500 1,000 1,000 1,500* 1,800* 2,000 42.500 30.000 95.000 41.500 5,478.79 451.60 36,822.12 1,449.20 7,956.08 15 1,500 20* 11 6 3 1,000* 1,500* 4,000* 36 20 6 10 4 55 15 40 30 2,000 2,000 2,000* 2,000* 3,000* 250* 600-5,500 81,150 12,000.00 60 5 2,000* 50* 132,000 14,000 9,000.00 16,866.63 4,000 1,500 125,000 9,000 43,419.40 15,400.00 3 3,000 15 150 20 200 25 50 7,500 21,609.89 46 HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA Table V — County (Bond Issues) Township Funds from All Sources Except Bond Issues Estimated Funds from Bond Issues Estimated Value Labor Tax at SI. 00 Per Day Estimated Value of Con- vict Labor at SL 25 Per Day Total Amounts Spent Number Miles Macadam Built in 1914 $ 22,844.20 8 S 22,844.20 3,900 3,900.00 7,000 7,000.00 41,452.60 15,250 56,702.60 10,000 10,000.00 25,000 25,000.00 30,000 30,000.00 17,449,60 40,000* 25,000 57,449.60 16.S40.80 8,100 5,000 29,940.80 8,000 8.000.00 4,000 4,000.00 4,550.20 4,800 9,350.20 2,000 2,000.00 20,171.20 215,000 235,171.20 3.8S4.00 5,440 9,324.00 10,420.07 5,000 7,500 22.920.07 7,382 ,0u 11,200 18,582.00 13,589.41 13,589.41 12,515.40 2,000 14,515.40 24,533.40 10,000 11,250 46,783.40 40,000 40,000.00 Polk 10,100.00 96,000 4,000 110,100.00 63,249.80 14,400 2,500 80,149.89 32,002.40 6,000 10,000 48,002.40 29,440 15,000 82,398.98 29,053.60 30,000 .5,920 15,000 79,973.60 54,742.40 22,500 77.242.40 3 16,954.01 260,000 276,954.01 14,493.60 25,000 IS, 000 5,000 62,493.60 25,093.80 10,000 35,093.80 13,783.60 4,240 6,250 ’4,273.60 20,416.80 12,000 32,410.89 15,000 15,000.00 40,000 40,000.00 50,000 50,090.00 7,726.00 12,000 19,726.00 58,000 58,000.00 2,804.70 6,000 8.S04.70 8,S26.70 6,000 2,500 17,326.70 512.40 9.000 9,512.40 22,265.75 21,000 7,500 50,765.75 2 18,305.55 100,000 81,724.47 19,750 101,474 .47 13,054.60 3,500 17,000 17.000.00 10,398.40 3,000 1,750 15,148.40 5,601.90 9,000 14,601.90 24,799.00 16,800 50.349.00 54,000 54,000.00 9,641.40 30,000 39,641 40 38,874.40 13,750 52,624.40 5,242.80 9,000 14, 242. SO 2,819.00 54,000 IS, 000 74.S19.00 Totals- 2,044,738.28 2,422,400 591, 0S0 460,250 5, 406, 945. IS *4 HIGHWAY AVORK IN KOETH CAROLINA 47 Continued. Cost Per Mile Number Miles Sancl-Clay or Topsoil Built in 1914 Cost Per Mile Number Miles Gravel Built in 1914 Cost Per Mile Number Miles Specially Sur- faced, 1914 Cost Per Mile Number Miles Graded but Not Surfaced, 1914 Cost Per Mile Estimated Total Cost of Roads Graded and Surfaced in 1914 Estimated Amount Spent in Mainte- nance and Repair During 1914 s 20 $ 300* 5 •S 200* S 10,900 $ 15,344.20 13 29 300 800-1,000* 10 1,800* 125 400-500* 100,350 21,352.60 25 4 5 800-1,000 2,000* 2 1,800* 14 9 400-500* 1,362 5,100 41,828 12,000 15,621.60 29,940.80 10 1,200 - -- - 5 400 2,000 9,350.20 61 3,000 4 3,000* 12 1,600 214,200 4,971.20 9.324.00 22,920.07 9.582.00 12,714.41 7,015.40 17,408.40 18 500* 9,000 875 7,500 45,000 25 35 5 45 1,500* 850-1,000 3 2,300 45 5 10 5 10 20 250 2,000 250-350 100 500* 1,200 800 1,000* 96,900 39.000 21.000 37.500 12,000 55.000 271,000 17.500 21.000 18,300 102,500 4,000.00 41,149.80 27.002.40 44,S98.9S 67,973.60 22.242.40 5,954.01 18,000.00 8,093.80 5,973.60 12,000.00 75 10 500 500 30 35 500 1,000* 3,000 25 14 35 40 3* 65 1,200 1,500* 500 500 2,100* 1,500 5 8 5* 200 1,500 1,000* 30 1,750 - 15 1,250 58,750 18,976.00 2* 5* 1,800* 1,800* 3* 5* 6 8 1,200* 1,200* 50 1,000 7,200 15,000 300 12,200 100,400 27,500 17,050 1.604.70 2.326.70 9,212.40 38,565.75 17,905.55 73,974.47 1,604.60 2,100 80 25 15} 1,255 300 1,100 30 300 it 8,800 10* 200. 50* 50 4,500 10,648.40 14,601.90 49,849.00 50 750 5 1,000* 20 600 54,500 50 500* 25,000 9,000 14.641.40 43.624.40 14,242.80 7,419.00 9 1,000 3 4,200 17 3,200 67,000 1,61?} 211 15} 1,290.5 3,199,278 1,690,30 : 48 HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA Table V gives a general statement in regard to expenditures on roads during 1914 from all sources and what was accomplished with these expenditures. This table shows that there was a total expendi- ture from all sources (taxes, bond issues, labor tax, and convict labor) during 1914 of $5,406,945.18, of which $2,044,738.28 was the ex- penditure from all sources except bond issues. There were $2,422,400 from bond issues, and it is estimated that $591,080 of free labor and $460,250 convict labor were used in road work during 1914. This table also gives the mileage of surfaced and graded road obtained from this expenditure, and shows that during 1914 there were 48 1-6 miles of macadam road constructed at an average cost of $3,923 per mile; 1,6191/2 miles of sand-clay or topsoil at an aver- age cost of $1,180 per mile; 211 miles of gravel road at an average cost of $2,113 per mile; 15^4 miles of specially surfaced road at an average cost of $5,150 per mile; 1,2901/2 miles of road graded at an average cost of $1,002 per mile. It is estimated that $3,199,298 were spent in surfacing and grading these roads during 1914, and $1,690,307.59 in the maintenance and repair of the dirt and surfaced roads. Cost data, whether for con- struction or maintenance, have not been kept by any of the counties up to the present time. HIGHWAY WOEK IN NOETH CAEOLINA 49 Table YI Statement by Counties and Townships as to Administrative Boards and Systems of Maintenance Column 1 gives tlie name of the hoard which controlled road mat- ters during 1914, by counties and townships. Column 2 gives the manner in which the public roads of the various counties and townships are maintained. Column 3 gives, by counties, the estimated amount of tax money, value of free labor, etc., used in the maintenance or repair- of the public roads during 1914. Column 4 states whether or not the splitdog drag is used in main- tenance work, and what other implements were used. Column 5 gives the sentiment in the county as reported as to use of wide tires. 4 TABLE VI. ADMINISTRATION AND MAINTENANCE. 50 HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA HIGHWAY WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA 51 o •2 3 O O O fcfl > CJ C 3 cd O O cd cd cd pH O 52; Ph H H 'So > > S n 2 o g a g > S C. £ d o H P P P I S ^ O O O Q p p p & CQ P P p II II ° p p p Tf CO o o N (M fO « N r— -rJH CO l-H lO OO i— i o t"- io id m m id QO rf OO TJH o t'- O CO O O O CP fl T 3 a o 73 T3 cd o o btl d d o Q, o o o o ®®SSEiO p p ^ S d o >> rt ESS o o o O O O o o o o o o DOOPiPSH! >3 ►>> >>3 I>> ^ o o o o o o O O O O O O O o s*° £ T3 . . £ S5 S S "3 (5 ° ° p O o ffl .a J >3 k >3 K ^3 ^ fi C c ? ~ P 3 £ O O O O O O O H s ^ O a >, | a a §'! a o >. >> ■ c c O O >> >> O § 1° O Cd c3 | - H o ■ .& P r— O PP © — | P f" P § O a o a >> p O c c oooooooo OH OO OOOHHOOH OHO Ph w o ao 03 £ S 3 O O O Ph H O O c3 fl £ ,3 '3 3 £ ,g «3 p P K ■3 §■ Sfe is •a - (2 P C3“ P !g S| cd -P3 PcoO E S OOQPflG a > > a d d d 3 a o a a a a X X X X Iredell. Table VI — Continued. 52 HIGHWAY WORK IK NORTH CAROLINA None apparent. HIGHWAY WORK IK XOKTH CAROLES' A 53 3 I !§ i J 1 1 i si a □ c Steel drags I None as Table VI — Continued. 54 HIGHWAY WOIiK IN NORTH CAROLINA ci u t'P S £ II6I UT aouBaa^uiBj^ ui p 0 SfX JOqB^ 001 j jo anjBA pnB A0UOJ\[ XBX JO •(jray p0jBini^sg[ ^.2 Pi. 2 o-o“ c/J o hM oo OO a go aupi >> >> ^ pp CflCCcCcC oooooooc OOhHOHOO HIGHWAY WORK IN' NORTH CAROLINA 55 Table VI gives the statement, by counties and townships, as to administrative boards and systems of maintenance. This gives in detail the counties which use the road drag and other implements in the maintenance of roads, and the attitude of the various counties as to the use of wide tires. In this table, also, is stated the kinds of administrative boards in the various counties ancl townships. f PUBLICATIONS OF THE NORTH CAROLINA GEOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC SURVEY BULLETINS 1. Iron Ores of North Carolina, by Henry B. C. Nitze, 1893. 8°, 239 pp., 20 pi., and map. Out of print. 2. Building and Ornamental Stones in North Carolina, by T. L. Watson and F. B. Laney in collaboration with George P. Merrill, 1906. 8°, 283 pp., 32 pi., 2 figs. Postage 25 cents. Cloth-bound copy 50 cents extra. 3. Gold Deposits in North Carolina, by Henry B. C. Nitze and George B. Hanna, 1896. 8°, 196 pp., 14 pi., and map. Out of print. 4. Road Material and Road Construction in North Carolina, by J. A. Holmes and William Cain, 1893. 8°, 88 pp. Out of print. 5. The Forests, Forest Lands, and Forest Products of Eastern North Caro- lina, by W. W. Ashe, 1894. 8°, 128 pp., 5 pi. Out of print. 6. The Timber Trees of North Carolina, by Gifford Pinchot and W. W. Ashe, 1897. 8°, 227 pp., 22 pi. Out of print. 7. Forest Fires: Their Destructive Work, Causes and Prevention, by W. W. Ashe, 1895. 8°, 66 pp., 1 pi. Postage 5 cents. 8. Water-powers in North Carolina, by George F. Swain, Joseph A. Holmes, and E. W. Myers, 1899. 8°, 362 pp„ 16 pi. 0^lt of print. 9. Monazite and Monazite Deposits in North Carolina, by Henry B. C. Nitze, 1895. 8°, 47 pp., 5 pi. Out of print. 10. Gold Mining in North Carolina and other Appalachian States, by Henry B. C. Nitze and A. J. Wilkins, 1897. 8°, 164 pp., 10 pi. Out of print. 11. Corundum and the Basic Magnesian Rocks of Western North Carolina, by J. Volney Lewis, 1895. 8°, 107 pp., 6 pi. Out of print. 12. History of the Gems Found in North Carolina, by George Frederick Kunz, 1907. 8°, 60 pp., 15 pi. Out of print. 13. Clay Deposits and Clay Industries in North Carolina, by Heinrich Ries, 1897. 8°, 157 pp., 12 pi. Out of print. 14. The Cultivation of the Diamond-back Terrapin, by R. E. Coker, 1906. 8°, 67 pp., 23 pi., 2 figs. Out of print. 15. Experiments in Oyster Culture in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, by Robert E. Coker, 1907. 8°, 74 pp., 17 pi., 11 figs. Postage 10 cents. 16. Shade Trees for North Carolina, by W. W. Ashe, 1908. 8°, 74 pp., 10 pi., 16 figs. Postage 6 cents. Cloth copies 50 cents extra. 17. Terracing of Farm Lands, by W. W. Ashe, 1908. 8°, 38 pp., 6 pi., 2 figs. Postage If cents. 18. Bibliography of North Carolina Geology, Mineralogy, and Geography, with a list of Maps, by Francis Baker Laney and Katherine Hill Wood, 1909. 8°, 428 pp. Postage 25 cents. Cloth-bound copy, 50 cents extra. 19. The Tin Deposits of the Carolinas, by Joseph Hyde Pratt and Douglas B. Sterrett, 1905. 8°, 64 pp., 8 figs. Postage 4 cents. 58 PUBLICATIONS N. C. GEOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC SURVEY 20. Water-powers of North Carolina: An Appendix to Bulletin 8, 1910. 8°, 383 pp. Postage 25 cents. 21. The Gold Hill Mining District of North Carolina, by Francis Baker Laney, 1910. 8°, 137 pp., 23 pi., 5 figs. Postage 15 cents. Cloth copies 50 cents extra. 22. A Report on the Cid Mining District, Davidson County, N. C., by J. E. Pogue, Jr., 1911. 8°, 144 pp., 22 pi., 5 figs. Postage 15 cents. Cloth copies 50 cents extra. 23. Forest Conditions in Western North Carolina, by J. S. Holmes, 1911. 8°, 116 pp., 8 pi. Postage 15 cents. 24. Loblolly or North Carolina Pine, by W. W. Ashe, Forest Inspector, U. S. Forest Service (and former Forester of the North Carolina Geological and Economic Survey). Prepared in Cooperation with the Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1914. 8°, 176 pp., 27 pi., 5 figs. Postage 15 cents. Cloth copies 50 cents extra. 25. Zircon, Monazite, and Other Minerals used in the Production of Chemi- cal Compounds Employed in the Manufacture of Lighting Apparatus, by Joseph Hyde Pratt, Ph.D., 1916. 8°, 120 pp., 3 pi. Postage 15 cents. Cloth copies 50 cents extra. 26. A Report on the Virgilina Copper District of North Carolina and Vir- ginia, by F. B. Laney, Ph.D., 1917. 8°, ... pp., . . . pi., . . . maps. Postage . . cents. In press. 27. The Altitudes of North Carolina, 1917. 8°, ... pp. Postage . . cents. In press. ECONOMIC PAPERS 1. The Maple Sugar Industry in Western North Carolina, by W. W. Ashe, 1897. 8°, 34 pp. Postage 2 cents. 2. Recent Road Legislation in North Carolina, by J. A. Holmes. Out of print. v 3. Talc and Pyrophyllite Deposits in North Carolina, by Joseph Hyde Pratt, 1900. 8°, 29 pp., 2 maps. Postage 2 cents. 4. The Mining Industry in North Carolina During 1900, by Joseph Hyde Pratt, 1901. 8°, 36 pp., and map. Postage 2 cents. Takes up in some detail Occurrences of Gold, Silver, Lead and Zinc. Copper. Iron Man- ganese, Corundum, Granite, Mica, Talc, Pyrophyllite, Graphite, Kaolin, Gem Minerals, Monazite, Tungsten, Building Stones, and Coal in North Carolina. 5. Road Laws of North Carolina, by J. A. Holmes. Out of print. 6. The Mining Industry in North Carolina During 1901, by Joseph Hyde Pratt, 1902. 8°, 102 pp. Out of print. Gives a List of Minerals found in North Carolina; describes the Treatment of Sulphuret Gold Ores, giving localities; takes up the Occurrence of Copper in the Yirgilina, Gold Hill, and Ore Knob districts; gives Occurrence and Uses of Corundum; a List of Garnets, describing Localities ; the Occurrence, Associated Minerals, Uses and Localities of Mica ; the Occurrence of North Carolina Feldspar, with Analyses; an extended description of North Carolina Gems and Gem Minerals; Occurrences of Monazite, Barytes, Ocher; describes and gives Occurrences of Graphite and Coal; describes and gives Occurrences of Building Stones, including Limestone; describes and gives Uses for the various forms of Clay; and under the head of “Other Economic Minerals,” describes and gives Occurrences of Chromite, Asbestos, and Zircon. 7. Mining Industry in North Carolina During 1902, by Joseph Hyde Pratt, 1903. 8°, 27 pp. Out of print. 8. The Mining Industry in North Carolina During 1903, by Joseph Hyde Pratt, 1904. 8°, 74 pp. Postage 4 cents. Gives description of Mines worked for Gold in 1903 ; description of Properties worked for Copper during 1903, together with assay of ore from Twin-Edwards Mine; Analyses of Limonite ore from Wilson Mine; the Occurrence of Tin: in some detail the Occurrences of Abrasives ; Occurrences of Monazite and Zircon ; Occurrences and Varieties of Graphite, giving Methods of Cleaning; Occurrences of Marble and other forms of Limestone; Analyses of Kaolin from Barber Creek, Jackson County, North Carolina. PUBLICATIONS N. C. GEOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC SURVEY 59 9. The Mining Industry in North Carolina During 1904, hy Joseph Hyde Pratt, 1905. 8°, 95 pp. Postage If cents. Gives Mines Producing Gold and Silver during 1903 and 1904 and Sources of the Gold Produced during 1904 ; describes the mineral Chromite, giving Analyses of Selected Samples of Chromite from Mines in Yancey County; describes Commercial Varieties of Mica, giving the manner in which it occurs in North Carolina, Percentage of Mica in the Dikes, Methods of Mining, Assocated Minerals, Localities, Uses; describes the mineral Barytes, giving Method of Cleaning and Preparing Barytes for Market; describes the use of Monazite as used in connection with the Preparation of the Bunsen Burner, and goes into the use of Zircon in connection with the Nernst Lamp, giving a List of the Principal Yttrium Minerals; describes the minerals containing Corundum Gems, Hiddenite and Other Gem Minerals, and gives New Occurrences of these Gems; describes the mineral Graphite and gives new Uses for same. 10. Oyster Culture in North Carolina, by Robert E. Coker, 1905. 8°, 39 pp. Out of print. 11. The Mining Industry in North Carolina During 1905, by Joseph Hyde Pratt, 1906. 8°, 95 pp. Postage 4 cents. Describes the mineral Cobalt and the principal minerals that contain Cobalt ; Corundum Localities; Monazite and Zircon in considerable detail, giving Analyses of Thorianite; describes Tantalum Minerals and gives description of the Tantalum Lamp; gives brief description of Peat Deposits; the manufacture of Sand-lime Brick; Operations of Concen- trating Plant in Black Sand Investigations; gives Laws Relating to Mines, Coal Mines, Mining, Mineral Interest in Land, Phosphate Rock, Marl Beds. 12. Investigations Relative to the Shad Fisheries of North Carolina, hy John N. Cobb, 1906. 8°, 74 pp., 8 maps. Postage 6 cents. 13. Report of Committee on Fisheries in North Carolina. Compiled hy Joseph Hyde Pratt, 1906. 8°, 78 pp. Out of Print. 14. The Mining Industry in North Carolina During 1906, by Joseph Hyde Pratt, 1907. 8°, 144 pp., 20 pi., and 5 figs. Postage 10 cents. Under the head of “Recent Changes in Gold Mining in North Carolina,” gives methods of mining, describing Log Washers, Square Sets, Cyanide Plants, etc., and detailed descrip- tions of Gold Deposits and Mines are given; Copper Deposits of Swain County are described; Mica Deposits of Western North Carolina are described, giving Distribution and General Character, General Geology, Occurrence, Associated Minerals, Mining and treatment of Mica, Origin, together with a description of many of the mines; Monazite is taken up in consider- able detail as to Location and Occurrence, Geology, including classes of Rocks, Age. Associa- tions, Weathering, method of Mining and Cleaning, description of Monazite in Original Matrix. 15. The Mining Industry in North Carolina During 1907, hy Joseph Hyde Pratt, 1908. 8°, 176 pp., 13 pi., and 4 figs. Postage 15 cents. Takes up in detail the Copper and Gold Hill Copper District; a description of the Uses of Monazite and its Associated Minerals; descriptions of Ruby, Emerald, Beryl, Hiddenite, and Amethyst Localities ; a detailed description with Analysis of the Principal Mineral Springs of North Carolina ; a description of the Peat Formations in North Carolina, together with a detailed account of the Uses of Peat and the Results of an Experiment Conducted by the United States Geological Survey on Peat from Elizabeth City, North Carolina. 16. Report of Convention called by Governor R. B. Glenn to Investigate the Fishing Industries in North Carolina, compiled hy Joseph Hyde Pratt, State Geologist, 1908. 8°, 45 pp. Out of print. 17. Proceedings of Drainage Convention held at New Bern, North Carolina, September 9, 1908. Compiled by Joseph Hyde Pratt, 1908. 8°, 94 pp. Out of print. 18. Proceedings of Second Annual Drainage Convention held at New Bern, North Carolina, November 11 and 12, 1909, compiled by Joseph Hyde Pratt, and containing North Carolina Drainage Law, 1909. 8°, 50 pp. Otct of print. 19. Forest Fires in North Carolina During 1909, by J. S. Holmes, Forester, 1910. 8°, 52 pp., 9 pi. Out of print. 60 PUBLICATIONS N. C. GEOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC SURVEY 20. Wood-using Industries of North Carolina, by Roger E. Simmons, under the direction of J. S. Holmes and H. S. Sackett, 1910. 8°, 74 pp., 6 pi. Postage 7 cents. 21. Proceedings of the Third Annual Drainage Convention, held under Auspices of the North Carolina Drainage Association; and the North Carolina Drainage Law (codified). Compiled by Joseph Hyde Pratt, 1911. 8°, 67 pp., 3 pi. Out of print. 22. Forest Fires in North Carolina During 1910, by J. S. Holmes, Forester, 1911. 8°, 48 pp. Out of print. 23. Mining Industry in North Carolina During 1908, ’09, and ’10, by Joseph Hyde Pratt and Miss H. M. Berry, 1911. 8°, 134 pp., 1 pi., 27 figs. Postage 10 cents. Cloth copies 50 cents extra. Gives report on Virgilina Copper District of North Carolina and Virginia, by F. B. Laney; Detailed report on Mica Deposits of North Carolina, by Douglas B. Sterrett; Detailed report on Monazite, by Douglas B. Sterrett; Reports on. various Gem Minerals, by Douglas B. Sterrett ; Information and Analyses concerning certain Mineral Springs ; Extracts from Chance Report of the Dan River and Deep River Coal Fields; Some notes on the Peat Industry, by Professor Charles A. Davis; Extract from report of Arthur Keith on the Nantahala Marble; Description of the manufacture of Sand-lime Brick. 24. Fishing Industry of North Carolina, by Joseph Hyde Pratt, 1911. 8°, 44 pp. Out of print. 25. Proceedings of Second Annual Convention of the North Carolina For- estry Association, held at Raleigh, North Carolina, February 21, 1912. Forest Fires in North Carolina During 1911. Suggested Forestry Legislation. Com- piled by J. S. Holmes, Forester, 1912. 8°, 71 pp. Postage 5 cents. 26. Proceedings of Fourth Annual Drainage Convention, held at Elizabeth City, North Carolina, November 15 and 16, 1911, compiled by Joseph Hyde Pratt, State Geologist, 1912. 8°, 45 pp. Out of print. 27. Highway Work in North Carolina, containing a Statistical Report of Road Work during 1911 by Joseph Hyde Pratt, State Geologist, and Miss H. M. Berry, Secretary, 1912. 8°, 145 pp., 11 figs. Postage 10 cents. 28. Culverts and Small Bridges for Country Roads in North Carolina, by C. R. Thomas and T. F. Hickerson, 1912. 8°, 56 pp., 14 figs., 20 pi. Postage 10 cents. 29. Report of the Fisheries Convention held at New Bern, N. C., December 13, 1911, compiled by Joseph Hyde Pratt, State Geologist, together with a Compendium of the Stenographic Notes of the Meetings Held on the two trips taken by the Legislative Fish Committee Appointed by the General As- sembly of 1909, and the Legislation Recommended by this Committee, 1912. 8°, 302 pp. Postage 15 cents. 30. Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the North Carolina Good Roads Association held at Charlotte, N. C., August 1 and 2, 1912, in Coopera- tion with the North Carolina Geological and Economic Survey. Compiled by Joseph Hyde Pratt, State Geologist, and Miss H. M. Berry, Secretary, 1912. 8°, 109 pp. Postage 10 cents. 31. Proceedings of Fifth Annual Drainage Convention held at Raleigh, N. C., November 26 and 27, 1912. Compiled by Joseph Hyde Pratt, State Geologist. 8°, 56 pp., 6 pi. Postage 5 cents. 32. Public Roads are Public Necessities, by Joseph Hyde Pratt, State Geologist, 1913. 8°, 62 pp. Postage 5 cents. PUBLICATIONS N. C. GEOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC SURVEY 61 33. Forest Fires in North Carolina during 1912 and National and Associa- tion Cooperative Fire Control, by J. S. Holmes, Forester, 1913. 8°, 63 pp. Postage 5 cents. 34. Mining Industry in North Carolina during 1911-12, by Joseph Hyde Pratt, State Geologist, 1914. 8°, 314 pp., 23 pi., 12 figs. Postage 15 cents. Gives detailed report on Gold Mining in various counties with special report on Metal- lurgical Processes used at the Iola Mine, by Claud Hafer; description of a Cyanide Mill, by Percy Barbour ; the new milling process for treating North Carolina Siliceous Gold Ores at the Montgomery Mine, including a description of the Uwarrie Mining Company’s Plant; notes on the Carter Mine, Montgomery County, by Claud Hafer ; also a description of the Howie Mine and its mill; a detailed report of the Coggins (Appalachian) Gold Mine, by Joseph Hyde Pratt ; a list of gems and gem minerals occurring in the United States ; special descriptions of Localities where the Amethyst. Beryl. Emerald, and Quartz Gems Occur as taken from United States Geological Survey Report by Douglas B. Sterrett; a report on the Dan River Coal Field, by R. W. Stone, as reprinted from Bulletin 471-B of the United States Geological Survey; a special report on Graphite, by Edson S. Bastin and reprinted from Mineral Resources of United States for 1912; a special report on Asbestos describing both the Amphibole and Chrysotile varieties; a report on the Mount Airy Granite Quarry; special report on Sand and Gravel, giving Uses. Definitions of Various Sands, etc. ; the portion of a Bulletin on Feldspar and Kaolin of the United States Bureau of Mines, which relates to North Carolina, and which takes up in detail Occurrences, Methods of Mining, and Descrip- tions of Localities of Feldspar anjJ Kaolin mines in North Carolina, prepared by Mr. A. S. Watts. In this Economic Paper are also given the names and addresses of producers of the various minerals during the years covered by the report. 35. Good Roads Days, November 5th and 6th, 1913, compiled by Joseph Hyde Pratt, State Geologist, and Miss H. M. Berry, Secretary. 8°, 102 pp., 11 pi. Postage 10 cents. 36. Proceedings of the North Carolina Good Roads Association, held at Morehead City, N. C., July 31st and August 1, 1913. In Cooperation with the North Carolina Geological and Economic Survey. — Statistical Report of High- way Work in North Carolina during 1912. Compiled by Joseph Hyde Pratt, State Geologist, and Miss H. M. Berry, Secretary. 8°, 127 pp., 7 figs. Postage 10 cents. 37. Forest Fires in North Carolina during 1913 and a Summary of State Forest Fire Prevention in the United States, by J. S. Holmes, Forester, 1914. 8°, 82 pp. Postage 8 cents. 38. Forms covering the Organization of Drainage Districts under the North Carolina Drainage Law, Chapter 442, Public Laws of 1909, and Amendments. And Forms for Minutes of Boards of Drainage Commissioners covering the Organization of the Board up to and Including the Issuing of the Drainage Bonds. Compiled by Geo. R. Boyd, Drainage Engineer. 133 pp. Postage 15 cents. 39. Proceedings of the Good Roads Institute held at the University of North Carolina, March 17-19, 1914. Held under the auspices of the Departments of Civil and Highway Engineering of the University of North Carolina and The North Carolina Geological and Economic Survey. 8°, 117 pp., 15 figs., 4 pi. Postage 10 cents. 40. Forest Fires in North Carolina during 1914 and Forestry Laws of North Carolina, by J. S. Holmes, State Forester, 1915. 8°, 55 pp. Postage 5 cents. 41. Proceedings of Seventh Annual Drainage Convention of the North Caro- lina Drainage Association held at Wilson, North Carolina, November 18 and 19, 1914. Compiled by Joseph Hyde Pratt, State Geologist, and Miss H. M. Berry, Secretary, 1915. 8°, 76 pp., 3 figs. Postage 5 cents. 42. Organization of Cooperative Forest-Fire Protective Areas in North Caro- lina, being the Proceedings of the Special Conference on Forest Fire Protec- tion held as part of the Conference on Forestry and Nature Study, Montreat, 62 PUBLICATIONS N. C. GEOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC SURVEY N. C., July 8, 1915. Prepared by J. S. Holmes, State Forester, 1915. 8°, 39 pp. Postage 4 cents. 43. Proceedings of the Second Road Institute, held at the University of North Carolina, February 23-27, 1915. Compiled by Joseph Hyde Pratt and Miss H. M. Berry, Secretary, 1916. 8°, 128 pp. Postage 15 cents. 44. Highway Work in North Carolina During the Calendar Year Ending December 31, 1914. Compiled by Joseph Hyde Pratt, State Geologist, and Miss H. M. Berry, Secretary, 1916. 8°, . . pp. In press. 45. Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Drainage Convention. Held under the Auspices of the North Carolina Drainage Association and the North Caro- lina Geological and Economic Survey, Belhaven, N. C., November 29, 30, and December 1, 1915. In press. VOLUMES Vol. I. Corundum and the Basic Magnesian Rocks in Western North Caro- lina, by Joseph Hyde Pratt and J. Volney Lewis, 1905. 8°, 464 pp., 44 pi., 35 figs. Postage 32 cents. Cloth-hound copy $1 extra. Vol. II. Fishes of North Carolina, by H. M. Smith, 1907. 8°, 453 pp., 21 pi., 188 figs. Postage 75 cents. Cloth-houncl copy $1 extra. Vol. III. The Coastal Plain Deposits of North Carolina, by William Bullock Clark, Benjamin L. Miller, L. W. Stephenson, B. L. Johnson, and Horatio N. Parker, 1912. 8°, 509 pp., 62 pi., 21 figs. Postage 35 cents. Pt. I. — The Physiography and Geology of the Coastal Plain of North Carolina, hy Wm. Bullock Clark, Benjamin L. Miller, and L. W. Stephenson. Pt. 11. — The Water Resources of the Coastal Plain of North Carolina, by L. W. Stephenson and B. L. Johnson. Vol. IV. — The Birds of North Carolina — In press. BIENNIAL REPORTS First Biennial Report, 1891-1892, J. A. Holmes, State Geologist, 1893. 8°, 111 pp., 12 pi., 2 figs. Postage 6 cents. Administrative report, giving Object and Organization of the Survey; Investigations of Iron Ores, Building Stone, Geological Work in Coastal Plain Region, including supplies and drinking waters in eastern counties. Report on Forests and Forest Products, Coal and Marble, Investigations of Diamond Drill. Biennial Report, 1893-1894, J. A. Holmes, State Geologist, 1894. Postage 1 cent. Administrative report. Biennial Report, 1895-1896, J. A. Holmes, State Geologist, 1896. Postage 1 cent. Administrative report. Biennial Report, 1897-1898, J. A. Holmes, State Geologist, 1898. Postage 2 cents. Administrative report. Biennial Report, 1899-1900, J. A. Holmes, State Geologist, 1900. Postage 2 cents. Administrative report. Biennial Report, 1901-1902, J. A. Holmes, State Geologist, 1902. Postage 1 cent. Administrative report. 8°, 15 pp. 8°, 17 pp. 8°, 28 pp 8°, 20 pp. 8°, 15 pp. PUBLICATIONS N. C. GEOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC SURVEY 63 Biennial Report, 1903-1904, J. A. Holmes, State Geologist, 1905. 8°, 32 pp. Postage 2 cents. Administrative report. Biennial Report, 1905-1906, Joseph Hyde Pratt, State Geologist, 1907. 8°, 60 pp. Postage 3 cents. , Administrative report ; report on certain swamp lands belonging to the State, by W. W. Ashe; it also gives certain magnetic observations at North Carolina stations. Biennial Report, 1907-1908, Joseph Hyde Pratt, State Geologist, 1908. 8°, 60 pp., 2 pi. Postage 5 cents. Administrative report. Contains Special Report on an examination of the Sand Banks along the North Carolina Coast, by Jay F. Bond, Forest Assistant, United States Forest Service; certain magnetic observations at North Carolina stations: Results of an Investiga- tion Relating to Clam Cultivation, by Howard E. Enders, of Purdue University. Biennial Report, 1909-1910, Joseph Hyde Pratt, State Geologist, 1911. 8°, 152 pp. Postage 10 cents. Administrative report, and contains Agreements for Cooperation in Statistical Work, and Topographical and Traverse Mapping Work with the United States Geological Survey ; Forest Work, with the United States Department of Agriculture (Forest Service) ; List of Topo- graphic maps of North Carolina and counties partly or wholly topographically mapped; de- scription of Special Highways in North Carolina; suggested Road Legislation; list of Drain- age Districts and Results of Third Annual Drainage Convention; Forestry reports relating to Connolly Tract, Buncombe County and Transylvania County State Farms; certain Water- sheds; Reforestation of Cut-over and Abandoned Farm Lands on the Woodlands of the Salem Academy and College; Recommendations for the Artificial Regeneration of Longleaf Pine at Pinehurst; Act regulating the use of and for the Protection of Meridian Monuments and Standards of Measure at the several county seats of North Carolina; list of Magnetic Declinations at the county seats, January 1, 1910; letter of Fish Commissioner of the United States Bureau of Fisheries relating to the conditions of the North Carolina fish industries; report of the Survey for the North Carolina Fish Commission referring to dutch or pound-net fishing in Albemarle and Croatan sounds and Chowan River, by Gilbert T. Rude, of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey; Historical Sketch of the several North Carolina Geological Surveys, with list of publications of each. Biennial Report, 1911-1912, Joseph Hyde Pratt, State Geologist, 1913. 8°, 118 pp. Postage 7 cents. Administrative report, and contains reports on method of construction and estimate of cost of road improvement in Stantonsburg Township, Wilson County; report on road conditions in Lee County; report on preliminary location of section of Spartanburg-Hendersonville Highway between Tryon and Tuxedo : report of road work done by United States Office of Public Roads during biennial period; experiments with glutrin on the sand-clay road: report on Central Highway, giving Act establishing and report of trip over the Highway; suggested road legislation; report on the Asheville City watershed; report on the Struan property at Arden, Buncombe County; report on the woodlands on the farm of Dr. J. W. Kilgore, Iredell County; report on examination of the woodlands on the Berry place, Orange County; report on the forest property of Hiss Julia A. Thorns. Ashboro. Randolph County; report on the examination of the forest lands of the Butters Lumber Company, Columbus County ; proposed forestry legislation ; swamp lands and drainage, giving drainage districts ; suggested drainage legislation; proposed Fisheries Commission Bill. Biennial Report, 1913-1914, Joseph Hyde Pratt, State Geologist, 1915. 8°,' 165 pp. Postage 10 cents. Administrative report, and contains reports on the work of the State convicts on Hiekory Nut Gap Road, Henderson County, and on the link of the Central Highway in Madison County which is being constructed with State convicts ; report on road work accomplished by the State Survey and by the United States Office of Public Roads during biennial period ; suggested road legislation ; a forestry policy for North Carolina ; report on investigation. Timber supply of North Carolina ; reports on the examination of certain forest lands in Halifax County; report on the ash in North Carolina; report on the spruce forests of Mount Mitchell ; report on the forest fire conditions in the northeastern States, by J. S. Holmes. Report on the work of the United States Forest Service in North Carolina in connection with the purchase of forest reserves and their protection : timber tests, including strength of timber, preservation of timber, timber suitable to produce pulp, distillation of certain woods and drying certain woods ; suggested forestry legislation ; report on the swamp lands and their drainage in North Carolina ; suggested drainage legislation ; report on magnetic observations made during biennial period ; report on the economic value of the fisheries of North Carolina ; report on the survey made in Albemarle, Croatan, and Pamlico sounds by the Coast and Geodetic Survey ; suggested fisheries legislation. Biennial Report, 1915-1916, Joseph Hyde Pratt, State Geologist, 1917. 8°, .... pp. Postage . . cents. 64 PUBLICATIONS N. C. GEOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC SURVEY Samples of any mineral found in the State may be sent to the office of the Geological and Economic Survey for identification, and the same will be classi- fied free of charge. It must be understood, however, that no assays or quanitative determinations will be made. Samples should he in a lump form if possible, and marked plainly on outside of package with name of sender, postoffice address, etc.; a letter should accompany sample and stamp should be enclosed for reply. These publications are mailed to libraries and to individuals who may desire information on any of the special subjects named, free of charge, except that in each case applicants for the reports should forward the amount of postage needed, as indicated above, for mailing the bulletins desired, to the State Geologist, Chapel Hill , N. C. J4W2 9-20 ay 2 '348 Date Due Form 335— 40M— 6-39— S N873 54877 N.C, Geological and Economic Survey: Highway work in N.C* 1914 DATS DUE I ISSUED TO 553 N873 no. 44 54877