{ ^ f t^ V- - Ln^- i 3. ' '^•^i' Thornton & Son Booksellers, n The Broad, Oxford. DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Treasure %oom The Antient and Prefent State UNIVERSITY OXFORD- CONTAINING I. An Account of its Antiquity, paft Govern- ment, and Sufferings from the Danes ^ and o- ther People, both Foreign and Domeftick. II. An Account of its Colleges, Halls, and Pub- lick Buildings ; of their Founders and efpecial Benefadors \ the Laws, Statutes, and Privi- leges relating thereunto in general • and of their Vifitors and their Power, &c, III. An Account of the Laws, Statutes and Pri- vileges of the Univerfity, and fuch of the Laws of the Realm which do any wile concern the fame ; together with an Abftraft of Seve- ral Royal Grants and Charters given to the laid Univerfity, and the Senfe and Opinion of the Lawyers thereupon. To which is added the Method of Proceeding in the Chancellor's Court. With an^PP£;V7)/Xand INDEX to the whole. By JO HN qATLIFFE, L. L. D. and Fellow of New-College in Oxford. VOL. I. London : Printed for E. Curll, at the Dial and Bible againft St. Dunjians Church in Fleetfireet, 17 14. oAi^7 To the Right Honourable JOHN Lord SOMMERS, Baron of Evejham. 4?78 Mr LORD, ^gB|HE Natural Right, by : whicli Your Lordship ; may claim the Patronage of the following Sheets, as the Prince and com- mon Father of Learning, lays me under a neceffary Obligation of addrefTing the fame to Your high Protedion ; which has ever been as A 2 remark- The Dedication. remarkably propitious towards Menof In- duftry in point of Letters, as Your Lord- ship's confummate Knowledge in them has been indifputably^univerfal : And therefore ('tis prefum'd) I may be allow- ed to oifer this humble Tribute of my Ho- mage and Duty to fo great a Protestor of Learning, without doing any Violence or feeming Injuftice to another's Pretenfions. When theUniverfity of O.y/o/J, theSub- jeO: of this Undertaking, and the Forfler- Mother of Your Lord>hih's Education, firft began to nurfe Your tender Years, and to form them (in her Bofom) with the ftrongeft Compofition ofVirtue and found Literature, You gave Mankind very early AlTurances of the various BlcfTing^ ex- pected from thepartirular Felicity of Your natural Endowmenrs : which were foon after improved with the largefl: Share and Acquifition of th- Sciences, and polifhed with all the O' : ^ments and Graces, that either Art or Nature can beftow in Fa- vour of the moft fliining Genius. It was then, My L 3rd, we faw You rifing in this our Hemifphere, as the great Lumi- jpary of the World, not with Light bor- rowed from any other Body in the Firma- ment, but in Your own pure and primi- tive Luftre, gently fhedding down a be- nign Influence on all thofe, who had the happy Solace of Your LoKDSHip'sConver- fation. But The Dedication. But no fooner had Your Lordship left this delightful Seat of the Mufes, eVe You lay concealed for fomeTime from the Eyes of vulgar Speculators, thro' the dark Clouds and Exhalations then arifing in this our Region by the unkind Heat of the Seafon. till your ftronger Beams of Light and Warmth broke forth and difpelled thofe Mifts and Vapours, infefting the Nation with the peitilential Air of Arbitrary Power: And thus was Your Lordship referved for a while by Heaven it felf, in a kind of Obfcurity, only to render Your Appearance again the more acceptable and beneficial to us.' u ^ tv Tyrants and other Monfters, raifed by Tricks and infimous Means to. iiieh Titles of Honour, on the Ruin of their Couiury,, may in the miftakenSenfe of the Multi- tude be efteemed great, in refpe^t. of their. Power or ill-gotten Riches; but only they are really fo, and as fuch will tranfmit a Name" to future Ages ; who, advancing themfelves by noble and virtuouSrA3:ions, prefervethat Nobility untainted ; a Qua- lity entirely due to, and almoft in a pecu- liar manner enriching Your Lordship's Glory. ' . ;, I mijght here pretend to a large Harangue on Your Lordship's ]uft Praifes for your A' 5 great The Dedication. great Skill in the Laws of Nations, as well as thofeofYonr own Country ; for Your deep Search and Penetration into alt Mat- ters of State ; for Your folid Judgment and quick Apprehenfion of Things in all the 5X)liter Parts of Learning and Humanity ; • fbr Your conftant Prudence and Courage in all Your feveral Trials of Grandeur and Adverfity; for Your perfwafive Eloquence at the Bar, and in National AlTemblies ; and laftly, for all Your other great and uncommon Abilities in the Affairs of Life, wherein the Welfare of Human Society, and the Love of Your Fellow-Subjeas have fo readily engaged You : But it wou'd be a needlefs Publication to the "World, fo well acquainted with Your Lordship's Merit, to attempt the many glorious Perfections of that Life ; which, according to its intimate and moft darling Motive in Bufinefs, has ever been employ- ed rather in doing Good, than in making it felf confpicuous m. the Eyes of living Men, or in the Annals of Pollerity. Yetmaugre this. Your Lordship ftands highly vifible among the firftof them, who to their juft Honours can receive no Addi- tion of Glory from the Commendation of the beft of Pens ; tho' I mufl confefs even the ableft Pen can never exceed the Bounds of Truth, in their Praifes, where there is fo much true Worth as in Your Lord* ship's The Dedication. ship's Charader ; but then it muft be alio allowed, that they, who deferve , moft, are generally contented with the leaft : Wherefore left I fhould offend Your Lordship's known Modefty, whilft I am only willing to do Juftice to the Memory of lo much repeated Merit and real Good- nefs, I am in all SubmilTionto Your Lord- ship's Will and Pleafure, bound to pro- ceed no farther. But then, My Lord, it muft be on this Condition, That I may be permitted to enjoy the Satisfaction and common Happinefs of a true EnglifJmtan and a Lover of his Country, in this one Inftance, of acknowledging my felf with 4II the Profeftions of Honour and Efteem, MT LORD, Your Lordlhip's moft Humble, Obedient, and Devoted Servant, J(,h JyJip. ^^^^^^t^^t^^t^^^^i^trf^f^i^f^^f^^'^fff^tffl^^^^l THE 2a;roJ . •'^'^v/ vino Ti^ H Materials here borrow dfrAmf^J'tfor^', ancient Records y. and many excellesjf La'ii^ ^ooks^ for the Serv'tec of the enfuink Vo" Itimes, I nouf rejtore to the VfihUekp yjitt my, Ac- i.nc'iifkdgments^ for the faitie^ by the fe^erdl ^ar- gmdl Quotations the Reader ivill meht Ti^ith in the ■ Perufal thereof: And if the Performance ^dll in any •wife anfwer the Defign of the Compiler ^ he jhall be inclind to think his painful Endeavours to be infome nteajure well rewarded, the l^rkk filf'^eiffg pro-- jeciedfor the Ufe of PerfonSjeither curious or concern d to know^ the Ancient and Prefent State of this re- nown'd and famous XJnj'vj.rfity . Nor is,j,t only cal- culated for i foe Meridian cf" Oxford, biit'it alfo ex' tends it f elf to its SifhrUnivtrfity of Cambridge, fo nearly ally^d to us in RefpiCt of its Charters ofPri- roileges, luit?erties and Imtnunities grafted and trans- mitted thither (in camm.m) -with ihife o/" Oxford by the federal Princes of this Realm, &c. Xhe Firfty and about Half the Second Part of :hefe Treatifts are an Abridgment of Mr, Wood's Hiftory and Antiquities of Oxford^ deli'ver d pom the many Eyfors and evident Ta^'tialitj of that laborious Undertaker and Searcher into Antiejuities • who being a known Friend to the Church of Rome (altho no frofefs'd Paftft) The f REFACE. Tafifi) has difprag'd the Reformation of T^eligion in many 'Particulars, by his filthy Calumnies and RefleSlions on the State of the Univerjitj through the Means of Edward the Sixth's Reign, <3wi bis high Commendations of it under the Adminifiration of Qiieen/M-Siry'sGo'vernment. The Firfi Part being wholly ad.7pted to the Illur fir at ion of the Third, is difpstch'd •with as much Brevity and Clearnefs as the Nature of the Subject ■ and my oTim Leifure "wou d allow , piy Pufpofe being . to render the Book as cheap and eafy to the Buyer as , fcfftble. And therefore faffing over the fabulous Ac- ^counts of King Mem prick, 6^c. founded en Con^ Je&ures of the mofi trivial Kind^ I commence the Hifiurical Part of this Ejjiy with the Foundatiofff and Liberalities of King Alfred ; from which ■ '. I ' l X c'n4"£ " • I'll < I > 'm i ih>' i..i I (V" v.o «r-«i y-. A 1 txi^ lit > ' A! ;«\j (iu- 1 A L'T^^'f' •i.vv LIST O F T H E Subfcribers Names TO THIS BOOK. Tbis ^ for the Large Taper, A. SIR Jonathan Andrews o/'Goodmans-Fields, London, Kp, Sir Tho. Abney of BilHter-Lane, Kt, and Ald< of London. James A<9:on, L. L. B. and Fellow of AU-SouIs- College, Oxon. Jofeph Addifon, £/^;. Anthony Allen, of the Middle-Temple, Efq;. Tim. Awbrey, S. T. V. and Recfor of Staunton St.Johns_, Oxfordfliire; B. * His Grace Charles, Duke of Bolton. * The Right Honcurable Henry, Lord Fif count "Bq- lingbroke. The A L I S T of the * The Honourable Charles, Earl of Burford. * The Honourable Will. Bromley, Efy'y frincifd Secretary of State. * The Honourable James Bridges, Efi', Will- Bake!-, 5. 7*. P. and Rc6lor of Bladen, near Woodftock. Tho. Baker, S. T, B. and Fellow of St. John*s- College, Cambridge. Sam. Baker, A, M. and Re^or of St. Michael- Cornhill. Aaron Baker, f. John Dorrill, o/Fenchurch- Street, Lon- don. Piers Dod, M. B. and Fellow of AH Souls- College, Oxon. John Dobfon, A. B. and Fellow of New-College, Oxon. Dan. Dolins, of Hackney, Efq-^ The Reverend Mr. Will. Dudley. Tho.Dunfter, S.T.P. andfVard€ncfWsLdh2im' College, Oxon. Sir Subscribers Names. Sir Abftrupus Danby, of Maflamfhire in the County of York, Kt. Sir John D'Oyly, ofChiftlehampton m Oxfordfhire, Bar, Charles D'Oyly, of Sowthorp near Lechlade in Glouce- fterfhire. E. '^ TTje Right Reverend John, Lord Bi(hop of 'Ely. The Honourable Henry Egerton, ReBor of Setherington^ Yorkfliire. The Honourable Charles Egerton, Efef; Will. Egerton, L. L. B. and ReHor o/Penfliurft in Kent.^ 5;> John Evelyn, o/" Surry, Bar. Seth Eyre, A. M.. and Fellow o/Magdalen-College, Oxon.' Edw. Edmonds, A.B. and Fellow of New-College, Oxon. Francis Eyles, E/^^ Alderman of the City of London, ^r. John Elwick, c/ Stepney, Merchant. John Kerle Ernley, o/Whetcombe;«Wiltfhire, £/^; Lawrence Echard, A, M, andRe^or of howth in Lincoln- ihire. ^ K * William Fen wick, of the City of London, Efq; Steph. Fleccher, of Oxford, Bookfeller, 14 Books. Marmaduke Fothergill, A. M. ofPontefrad in Yorkfliire.' Jam.Farrer, S,T. P. Fe-Z/oipo/ Magdalen-College, and Pro*^ fejfor of Natural Philofophyy Oxon. G. * The Right Honourable Francis, Earl o/Godol phin, * The Right Honourable Heneage, Lord Guernfey. Roger Gale, of Scruton in Yorkfliire, Ef<^i Sam. Gale, of London, Gent. Powle Garway, of the Middle-Temple, E/^; Edw.Goddard, o/Stargroves iwHampfliire, Gent> Francis Gregor, 0/ f^e Middle-Temple, Eft^; Tho. Gonlope, of Stroud in Netherbury, Dorfetftiire.' Tho.Guy, 0/ Lombard-Street, London, Efq^ Madam Tryphena Grove. Mr. John Gregory of Billiter-Lane, Mmhant, a Nath^ A LIST of the Nath. Gouldj Joreph JekyI, o/Lincolns-Inn New Square. Will. Jones, 5. T, B. and Fdkxo of k\\ Souls- College, Oxon. K. 5;V Peter King, o/'r/je Inner Temple, Kt. 5ir Randolph Knipe, 0/ Billicer-Lane, Kt. White Kennett, S. t. P. and Dean of Peterborough, 7 Books. Bafil Kennet, S. T. B. and frcfident of Corpus Chrifti CoU. Oxon. Robert Keck, of the Inner Temple, £/^; Charles King, Al. D. and Fellow c/Merton- College, Oxon. * Fran. Keqk, p/ Great- Tew /w Oxford fliire, EJq-, Mr. Henry Kelley, of Hackney, Merchant, L. The Right Revercndjohn, Lord BiJJwp c/Litchfield and Cov. The Right Reverend William, Lord Bijhcp of Lincoln, * Francis Lutterell, of the Middle Temple, Ejq; Sam. Lydiat, L. L. B. and t'elioiv of New-College, Oxon. Thomas Livings, 0/ Chelmsford iwElTex. John Little, 0/ Hackney, E/^; Mr. Flenry Lifle, ^/Throgmorton- Street, London, Merch. yl/r. Lancelot Lee, of Newingcon, Merchant. Lethieulier, of Fenchurch-Street, London, Efq; The Lady htVQty 0/ Charter Houfe- Yard, London. M. 5/r Sam. Moyer, o/Walbrooke, Bar, Mr. Morland, of Hackney. Mr. Merreal, 0/ Hackney, Merchant. >^>-. Maufon, of Goodmans-Fields, Merchant. D. Michell, of Goodmans-Fields, London, F.j({; Mr. Thomas Michell, 0/ Lime-Street, London, Merchant, Roberc Michell, o/Alderm anbury, London, £/^j a 2 James A LIST of the James Michell, ofBartlet's-BaiUHngs, Holbourn, E/^; Mr. Sim. Michell, o/'/^/Pall-Mall, £/^; Richard Mufgrave, of London, M. B. Edward Marten, L. L. B, and pello-iv of New- College, Oxon. Charles Mordant, £/f,* and Fdlo-iv-Commoner of New- College, Oxon. Afr. John Morton, ofCornhill, London, Gent. Dr. Morton, o/Devonfhire-Square. Rich. Merri weather, 0/ Thames-Street, London, Ef^i D'Oyly Michel, 0/ London, Effy N. * TIjc Right Honcttrahh Daniel, Earl of Nottingham* William Norcliffe, of London, E[^\ Mr, Nath. Newman, of Cornhill, London, Gint, Madam Newbury, of Stepney. "The Re'verend Mr. Nicholls. Peter Le Neve, Efq^ Norroy., King at Arms. O. * The Ri^ht Honourable Koh&rt, Earl o/" Oxford rt«^/ Morti- mer, Lord H/'gh Treafurer of Gve3.tBrit2iin. 5/> Arthur Owen, of Orielton /wPembrokefhire, Bar/L Arthur Onflow, of the Middle Temple, Ejqj Oglander, of Chichefter in SulTex, Efq; il/r.^Osbpurn, of London, Bookfella, 4 Books. P. * The Right UofioHrahk Thomns, Earl of Pembroke^ Tk \ SubscribersNames. * Tie Right Honourable John, Earl Pawlet o/HInton SC, George, Steward of btr Maje(}ys HouJhoU. * Sir Charles Peers, Kt. and Aid. 0/ London. Thoma^ Purnell, ^/ Hackney, £/^; ; Mr. Humphry Primat, fl/Newington, Merchant, 1 Mr. Ambrofe Page, at Bow-Bridge. i 7^e Lady Prichard, of th^^ Minories, London. Mr. John Peccir, c/Aldgate, London, Gt«f. i Mr. Edward Pectic, 0/ Thames-Street, London, Mercbant. ' Mr. Samuel Perry, -without Aldgate, London, Gent, i CoL Phillip Papillon, 0/" Brewers-Hall, Gent, \\ Mr. Jer. Powell, of Bafinghall- Street, Merchant, I Gregory Page, o/'Greenwich, Efq; \ Sir Thomas Put, o/Comb in Devonfliire, Bar, Fitz- Williams Plumtree, of the Middle Temple, Efq; \ Thomas Pearfon, S. T. P. and Principal of Edmund-HalL Oxon. George Prince, L. L, B, and Fellow of New-CoUege, I Oxon. I Thomas Prince, Ft//oiy 0/ New-College, Oxon. Jofeph Penn, A. M. and Fellow of Worcefter-CoIIege,' Oxon, Carolus Pole, L. L. B^andFellowComwonerofl^Qw-CoUQgG^ Oxon. Alexander Pudfey, S.T.P, and Fellow 0/ Magdalen- Col- lege, Oxon. John Potter, S. T. P, Canon of Chrift-Church, and Royal Profej] or of Divinity at Oxford. Charles Poultney, >ReWjtr o/f/je Inner Temple, Efej; John Poynter, A. M. and Fellow were two Places of ^m^r^/ Study here in£^7^- laed-^ the one for the inftru£liiig of Youth in the Latin, and the other in the (j/eek Tongue : the laft of thefe Places is faid to have been founded by the (jrecians at (jregUde or Grecca- calade, now call'd Kirklade or CreekUde, a (mall Town in IViltJhire : and the other was at Latin- lade, rightly calFd Leccdade or Lechlade, not far from Oxford in (jlocefterjlnre, which Place, fay they, was founded by the Latins for the teaching of the Li-tin, as the other was of the Greek Language. h\ a little Narrative, call'd Hiftoriola Oxonienjis, look'd on as an Authen- tic Account, we are alfo inform'd, that the Britains began an Univerfity at Greglade, which the Saxons remov'd to Oxford : But others on the contrary, think this to be a meer ground- lefs Opinion, with whom I cannot agree. P. 210. K. Alfred only built here (according to Fa-^ bian^ fome Grammar Schools, with whom Z.^«- <^uet feems to concur ^ who yet afterwards re- futes himfelf, faying, that Alfred enfranchiz'd this Place with many Honourable Privileges ; which is not probable he wou'd have procured for, and granted to Grammar Schools only* But, I think, we have undoubted Evidence to prove, that Alfred built three Halls here, therj called by the l^^mes of Great Vniverfity, Little Vniverfity, and the Leffer Vniverjity Hall. Yet Br. Ivpyne. the Oxford Antiquarian avers it for a Truth from the Archives of Vniverfity College, that he only founded one Hall here, under a three-r fold Diftin£tion of Profeillons or Sciences to be therein taught : But the beft Opinion is, that he built three Halls (as aforefaid) in Number, all fubje£l: to one and the fame Head ^ and here- with Bale and our beft Writers agree ^ for in the moil antient Regiflers and Statutes of the Uni- th. 2. of the Univerftty of OxfordT i $ Univerfity, mention is made of three diftin^l Halls of Learning. K. Alfred dividing his whole yearly In- t^^tfAus deJ- . ■> „ ^ n^ J ruj- -J 1 cad. Oxoruls, come mto two Parts, afterwards fiibdivided ^_ ^^ j^^^^j^ the firft of thefe into other Portions, and /on, j^c. gave the Third thereof to the Maintenance of his Scholars at Oxford. And thus as the Fa- ther reftor'd the Univerfity of Oxford, and en- larg'd it with publick Buildings, which it want- ed before his Time : So his Son Edward already remembred, by Right of hiheritance fucceeding to his Father's Kingdom, reftor'd the Univer- fity of Cambridge, which with other Univei-fi- ties had then been for a long while under the Rubbifli of Antiquity, in a State of Defblation, and commanded Hails to be built there, for the Ule of Students, at his own Expence. And as a Nurfer up of the Clergy, he placed therein the Chairs and Seats of Doftors and Mafters, fend- ing for Mafters of Arts and Doftors in Divinity from Oxford, and formally invited them to read and teach at Cambridge. Tho. Radburne in his Chronicle o^ Hyde Abbey ^t Winchefler, (where Alfred and his Son Edward lie buried) and which Chronicle Rofs fays that he had ^een, mentions the fame. And in this flouriihing Con- dition were our two Univerfities left at the Death of K. Edward the Elder. But fuch is the Change of human Affairs, and the mercilefs Enmity which War ever bears to Learning, chat thefe two Schools of Study cou'd not continue long in a tolerable Degree of Splen- dor, nor enjoy a fecure Peace ^ but like other Places of Note and Reputation, fuffer'd the va- rious Traverfes of Fortune, and were liib- je8: to the Ravages and Depopulations of the Danes, Saxons, Normans, and other barbarous People attending their Camps. . ^ For 1 5 The Ant lent and Trefent State VdiVtl, For within lefs than 1 50 Years after K. Ed- ward's Death, this happy Reftoration of Learning, by his Father effeded at Oxford^ and himlelf at Cambridge^ receiv'd feveral Shocks and Interruptions from thefe Bar- barians: for we are afTur'd that among the many Pillages committed by the Danes m the Year 1 002, or then-aboutSj the two Uni- verfities of Oxford and Camhridge were both dreadfully confum'd and burnt by thefe People -, and from thence all Studies ceas'd in both thefe Places (as Radhume relates the Matter) for a- bove 130 Years. But yet after this, Oxford J, D. 1010. was fbon rebuilt, and the Scholars re-aflembled themfelves here : but then it was again de- ftroy'd by the 'Danes, to revenge a general Maflacre committed on them not long before, at the Inftigation of K. Ethclred^ who to put an end to all their Power at once in England, re- folv'd on a general Slaughter, and with the utmoft Secrecy fent Letters into all Parts, com- manding all his Subjects at a certain Day and Hour, to let on the Danes, wherelbever they found them, and to deftroy them all without Companion : Which Royal Commiifion was ex- ecuted with more Cruelty at Oxford, than elle- where : for great Numbers of them here flying to the Churches, were all flain without Mercy, as they flood embracing the Altars. The Confequences of this horrid Carnage were very terrible,not only to the Citizens bear- ing a great Share in this bloody Tragedy ; but alio to the Scholars of the Place,, who were afterwards on Surprize aflaulted by the Incenled Danes, and almoft every one of thembutcher'd in the moft inhuman Manner : Some few indeed by concealing themfelves, made a Shift toelcape the Pvage of this unrelenting People, but imme^ diately Ch. 2. of the Univerfity of Ox fo r d^ 17 diately thereon forfook their Refidence here •, and by this Means the Place was left void of Students for Ibme Time. Nor were the 1)mes the only Perfbns difturbing the Peace and Quiet of the Mufes here ; for even in the Saxon Age, remarkable for the continu- al Ruin and Subverfion of Towns and Cities, this Place fuffer'd the common Fate of others ^ and for many Years, till K. Alfred'^, Time, was BaUhlen.PoIy- famous for nothing, but the Re licks of St. Fn- chron. Johan. defmde, a Virgin^of high Efleem for the Sail- Ca^i*'^ve,&c. ftity of her Life, and firfl reputed a Saint, for that when by a folemn Vow fhe had devoted J. D. 700. her felf to the Service of God, and a lingle Life j Earl Al^ar courted her for a Wife, and purfu- ing her m Flight was miraculoufly ftruck blind, as the Story goes. This Lady Cas we read;^ Malmesiw built here a religious Houfe, as a Trophy of""'* her preferv'd Virginity, into which feveral T)anes, flying for Refuge, from K. Ethelred's Sentence fas juft now intirriated) were de- ftroy'd by the Saxons and their Adherents, and the Houfe burnt with them : But afterwards, the penitent King cleanfed the Sanftuary, re- ^. A 1004. built the Monaftery, reftor'd the old Indow- nients, and added new PolTeilions •, and laflly, Rog. Bp. of Sarum^ gave the Place to Wimund, a learned Canon Regular, who fettled there a perpetual Society of Regular Canons for Divine Service, according to the Whim of thofe Times, of which hereafter. But fcarce were the Scholars return'd to Ox- fordy on the Encouragements o^ Athclflane^ Ed' mund furnamed Ironfidc, and Canute the DariCy ('the firft of that Nation in whofe Reign here, the Affairs of the Univerfity received any Com- fort j but that Harold call'd Light foot immedi- ately fucceeding to the Grown, and being much A. t>. 10? 5. C incens'd 1 8 The, Antie7it and\Prefent State PartL I,f^(iMi,row.4.inceQS-d^gainft the, Place, on the Account pf t' ^99- Ibme of his Friends (lain here in a Tumult^pro- fecuted his Revenge in fo barbarous a Manner^ that the Scholars , were miferably baniih'd and driven irom their Studies •, and the Univerlity it jfelf Being made a fad Speflacle', lay.almoft expiring till the time of the Concjueft. But to give a furtherCharader of C?«?^fe, thai great Patron of Religion and Learning, h'^ the, time of his Life ♦, who by his gpod DifppfitioiV v : . ^ to each o f thefe Per fe^tipns^ di,d ,v/ ^U ?^cquire to himfelf;the ]slame of a ^cccfw4j froi^ all the De- 'r'<2/^,e>. to Literature :^ , and herepn.it. came'to^ pafs, that he ere^ed- publick Schools Iw many TowjDS and Cities^pf the Realm, and endowed them with Stipends. llTuing out of the Royal £l,x- •^h-itrltlR : chequer ^ which he commanded to be open'ci for .tli.e. Sons of the Nobility as well as of the Cpmmonaltyj there to, be maintajin'd and edu- cated in a m(f)re profound part ofX^earning : Be- iides, .this King was lb great , a Friend to our Uiiiv^rfity, that living here hAcall'd together the JEiflates of the Realm, afiembled here for th^ Confirmation of JK. Edgars, others lay, thef : La^Y^pf K. f^w^zrf^ the fu-ft, which at the King'5 C^piwmand the Scliplarij tranflated out of the? ' Baxon into the Latin Ton^^uQ. AD. T042. ^ The next Perfonto be celebrated witli us, Jrchahiwi.E- ^^^ ^^^ tavourable hiclmations to. Learnmg, is iit. 1568. fcl. Edxpi(ird the Gonfeflor, a Man of great Juftir^ 126. b, and Hety, who, hy an Edi£t declar'd and efta- blifli'd, that all the Scholars Goods, howfbever embe^led and perverted, ihould,be fiilly re- turn'd ..to their ancient Qvvners^^ and by this thing's Laws, the Univerlity" was entirely re- flor'^d to all its Stipends forinerly granted by ■ K.. Alfred, and lately loft by the Rapine oi Ha- rold -^ and chefs were the iii'fi: Symptoms of Life Gh. 2, of the Univerfity of Oxfo r d.' i 9 Life in, this Univerfity, after a Languor of ma- ny Years under a CompHcation of Ignorance and Barbariim. I ihould now proceed to the Reign of the Conqueror ^ but that I muft ftep back a little and confider this, as an Vnivcrjity or Place of gene- ral Study ^ before K. Alfrcd'^s Time ; which no ; one will doubt of, who ihall reflefl: on the Dif^ [ferences betwixt this King's and the ancient I Scholars of the Place ; as may be feen in Affe- ^^ y^^^ c^ rius Menevenjis^ who fays, that a fliarp and dii- Cejlis Alwedi, imal Conteft arofe between (jrymb4d and the Edit. 1601. learned Men brought hither by him, and the ?• j^* old Scholars found here at his coming hither -^ ' ' who abfblutelv refus'd to fubmit to the Sta- tutes, Inftitutions and Forms of Reading pre- Icrib'd by him ; which Difference for three Years did not proceed to any great Height ^ but 1 this private Enmity between them afterwards : broke out with tlie utmoft Violence imaginable, appearing more clear than the Light itfelf. To ' appeafe the fe Feuds, K. Alfred he'in^ certified thereof by ^rymbaWs Complaint, immediately came to Oxford, witli a Defign to a4jufl the Matter, and patiently fubmitted himfelf to much Pains, in hearing the Complaint and Caufe of both Parties. The Controverfy de- pended on this, viz.. The old Scholars main- i taining, that Learning fiourifh'd here before ' Grymbald came, tho' the Students were then I lefs in Number than formerly, through the ; Expulfion of many of them by Pagan Tyranny ^ further declaring and proving, from the un- doubted Teflimonv of their Annals, that good Orders and Conflitutions had been already made for the Government of the Place, by Men of great Learning and Piety, as GUd.is, tJ^Mkin, NenniuSj Kenti?ern, and others j who C 2 had /{ kd The tArttient and Trefent State Part i. had there profecuted their Studies to a good old Age, and had the quiet Adminiftratioii of Af- fiiirs here : xA.nd about this Time St. Germairt coming to Oxford, in his Pafliige through Bri^ tain J in a wonderful Manner approv'd the afore- faid Orders and hiftitutions. The King with great Humanity and Attention heard out both fides, exhorting them often to preferve Peace and Amity with each other, and hereon left them, in Hopes that they would mutually fol- low his Advice, and obey his Inftrud'ions : But Grymbdd refenting thefe Proceedings, immedi- ately I'etir'd to the Monaftery at W'mchefler, lately founded by Alfred, and loon after pro- cured his Tomb to be removed thitherto him, in which he delign'd his Bones iliould be put af- ter his Denth, and plac'd in a Vault under the Chancel of St. Peter\ Church in the Eaft, at Oxford^ which Grymhald built with Stone hewn and carved with great Art and Beauty. As this Grymhald was an eloquent Man, and a moft excellent hiterpi'eter of the Scriptures ^ ih was St. Neat, an eminent ProfefTor of Theo- logy at Oxford, being both Regents and Read^ ers in Dhhnty here. Grammar and Rhetorick were t^.ught here by AJfcr the Monk, a Man of extraordinary Parts : Lngicl, Mufick, and A- rithmetick, were alfo taught by John the Monk of St. 'Davids \ and Geometry and Aftronomy by John (a Monk and Collegue of Grymbal^^s) a Perfon of great Knowledge in thofe Sciences ^ and their Leftures were often honoured with K. Alfred's Prefence, whofe Memory for Learn- ing will be ever facred to future Generations. As fome aiHrra Memprick to have founded this City, and open'd an Univerfity here, as ; already remembred -, ih others will have it that ycrtlgern^ King of the Britains, was the Refta- rer Ch. 2. (fthe Unlverfity of O^YOK-Q, t\ rer of Learning herein : but not relying on the Credit of fuch Hiftorians, I haften to fpeak of this Univerfity in the Reign of the aforefaid William the Conqueror ^ wherein we are infor- med, that this King, having heard what was done in the North, fwore, that he would quite exterminate the Northumbrians •, and to that End, refblving to march againft thole Rebels, who were join'd by the IDanes at Tork^ he was forc'd to go a little out of his Way ^ for that the City o( Oxford had at that time rebelled a- gainft him •, but as foon as he befieg'd it, he took it :, for part of the North fide Wall falling down (as fbme fay) of its own Accord, it gave an ea- iy Entrance to all his Troops : But Herii Knigh- ton^ HoHlfiffjiiead, Speed, and others, will have this to be Exo?/, and all Perfons writing thus were impos'd on by faulty Copies. However, the City was now fo much impo- verifh'd, that whereas (according to the general Survey) there were reckon'd within and with- out the City Walls, 750 Houfes, befidcs 24 Manfions on the Walls -^ 500 of them were not able to pay the Geld, tho' this City heretofore paid for Toll and Gable, and other Duties to tlie King per Ami. 20 /. and 6 Sextaries of _Ho- ney, and to Earl Al^ar lo/. which had after- wards the Denomination ot" the Fee-farm Rent, wirh-held from K. Edward the firft for cer- tain Reafons hereafter mentioned, (if any truej whereupon he conlign'd to his Exchequer the Clerkfliip of the Market, and demifed the fame, as the Reader will find in the third Part, under the Title of the Market. K. William, jealous of the Fealty of this Place, and the adjacent Farts, cau-^xl Robert ^''Oily, a Norman, who had received a large Portion of Land from him, in this County, Jvg .C 3 'a 22 The Anfient andTrefent Stafe Parti. a Reward of his Services, to build a Caftle on the Weft fide of the City, fortified with large Trenches and Ramparts, in order to repreis the hifolence of the Inhabitants, and the neigh- bouring Villages ^ and in this Caftle he erefted a Parifh Church dedicated to St. George, to which the Pariihioners not having AccelS, when Maud the Emprefs was befieg'd herein by King Stephen, the Chappel of St. Thomas^ hard by^ and Weftward from the Caftle, was built for that Purpofe : But fome will not allow this to have been built as a Pariih Church, becaufe the O/Tzf/ Regifterexprefly fays, that the Founders therein inftituted fecular Canons of the AufHn Order. Rog. de Iveri being mentioned as a Co- Founder, who, with the aforefaid Roh. endow- ed this Houfe of Canons with certain Revenues iftuing out of their Baronies, and with other Lands and Poffeftions, as you may learn from See Jppendix. the Deed of Roh. D'Oily. $• V- That there were Scholars here in Oxford at this time, tho' Londinenfis ftrenuoufly denies the fam.e, very plainly appears from the antient Statutes of this Chappel or College of St. ^eorge aforefaid, frequent mention being made of the Fellows and Tutors, and alfo of the Commo- ners and others therein refiding ^ in which Sta- tute there is this Provifion made ; that all the Clerks, i. e. the Scholars, iliould eat and drink in the Prefence of fome one of the Canons :j which Canons were afterwards, in K. Stefheri's Reign, tranflated from hence to Oficy Abby, and the Houfe it felf after became an Hoftel or Inn for fecular Students, fubjed to the Jurif- diftion of the Chancellor of the Univerfity. "R^ob. D'Oily is fuppos'd to have. beautified and repair'd the Walls of this- City^ at this Time fenfibly decayed j ajid from- hence it; is fuffici^ ^' ently Gh. 2. (f the Umverftty of Oxford, Zl ently fliewn, that the lame was walled in long before the Conquefl:, or (at leaft) for fome Time. But from the Caflle and City it felf I return to K. Alfred's Scholars, at iirft deipoil'd of their jExhibitions fettled on them by Alfred, and in- jurioufly treated by the Conqueror ^ for endea« Youring with all his Might to extirpate and de- ilroy the Englijh Tongue, and unwilling to have Chriftianity any longer preach- d in the vulgar Language, which the Clergy and Scholars here as earneftly contended to preferve, he retrac- ed and withdrew the Penfions and Stipends granted tcD them by Alfred^ and iffuing from the Royal Exchequer, which forced the Scholars of this College or Hall to live only on the Bene- volence and Devotion of thofe Perfons, as were then Sticklers for the EngUJJj Tongue ^ which they did till fuch time as this College or Hall was afterwards endowed : Yet notwithftanding this Ad: of Refentment, he ratified the Laws of £(5/ir4r/flf the ConFefTor, made fo much in fa- vour of this Univerfitv. The Jetvs, at this time, very much fi'equent- ing Oxford, amafs'd together great Riches, and in the chief Parts of the City fbon purchased as many Houfes in St. Mnrtiti's, St. Edxvard^s and St. Aldate's Pariihes, as gave them the Names ot the Old and ?^rv Jewry ^ and in one of thefe they built a School or Synagogue, wherein certain learned Malters of that Nation taiight the Hebrew Tongue, and explained the Dogmas of the P.abbies to the Advantage of the Students in the Univerfity : And herein they were alfb to perform their Sacrifices and otlier divine Ce- lebratioiis according to their own Mode of Worfliip ^ this we often find call'd the Jewijlj School at Oxford •, but their Burying-place was C 4 without J4 *The Ant tent (iid Trefe/tt State Part I. without Eafi'Gate, where now the Phyfick Gar- den is iituated, a manifeft Indication whereof appeared when the Foundation of the Garden J. D, 1641. Walls were laid ^ as it alfo did when the Ram- pire was built between the Eaftern Bridge and the North fide of the Wall, when many Bones of each Sex, and of all and divers Ag;es, were found by digging here. Befides, contiguous to the Jewry, and behind the "Blue Boar Inn in the inner Court, or near thereunto, they had a Ho^le call'd the Converts, where fuch as had been induc'd by the Induftry of the Dominicans their Neighbours, to embrace Chriftianity, were wont to be lodg'd and fupplied with all Manner of Neceffaries. Thefe Perfons were banifli'd the Univerfity, at the fame time as the reft of their Nation were driven outof £«^- landy on the Account of their feveral Crimes committed here and in other Parts of the Realm : I Ihall now relate the chief of them done ^. P, 1244. at Oxford, viz.. Firfi, there now arifmg very grievous Difputes between the Scholars of this Place and the Jews, whether in Refpefl: of their exceflive Ufury or not, is not well known : On Candlemas Day there happen'd a great Rob- bery to be committed on them, in the Jewry, by plundering their Houfes, and taking from them great Suras of Money ^ for which 45 Scholars were committed to Prifbn •, but yet, at the Inftance of Ruh. Grofihed^ then Biihop ofLincolfj, they were all fet at Liberty by Roy- al Command ^ for that no one appear'd againft them to charge them with any Breach of the Peace, or any other Crime. Yetfomefay, the Occafion of this Robbery was the high Intereft of Money, with which they opprefs'd both the Scholars and Citizens, idly, That in a fblemn Proceilicn to the Relids pf St. Fridefwide^ wherein Ch. 2. cfthe Univerftty of Oxford. 2f wherein the Chancellor and Scholars were at- tended with all the Parochial Priefts and Com- monalty of the Town, the Jews treated the holy Crols, carried before this Solemnity, with many Indignities -^ in particular, a certain Jew of the moft projefted Impudence, mov'd there- unto by the Perfwalion of fome of his Nation, Ihatch'd the Crofs out of the Hands of the Bea- rer, and in contempt of our Saviour, throwing it on the Ground, trampled on it. To punilh this impious Affront, as foon as 'twas made known to the King by his Son Edward, then at Oxford, aWrit was forthwith fent to the Sheriff, commanding him to arreft and imprifon all the *Jews here, and likewife to feize all their per- fonal and real Eftates, and keep them for the King's Ufe, till they found Sureties for them- felves, to undergo the Pains inflided on them \ and their Punifhment was, firft, to ereO: a mar- ble Crofs, of an auguft Size and perfed Work- manfhip, to be fet up on one fide of St. Marfs Church, with our Saviour thereon, which they affer there exhibited, gilt all over, idly. They were to prefent a portable Crofs of Silver gilt, with a Staff fitted to it, (fuchas our Archbifhops were wont to wear before them) to the Pro- ftors, to be carried before the Mafters and Scholars at every folemn ProceiTion. Their Thoughts were conftantly employ'd in finding Ways to efcape fuch an Expence, to be finilh'd before St. Edward'^s Day, (the Day before the Epiphanyj and tho' they had convey'd over all their moveable Goods to certain Friends, be- fore they were imprifon'd ; yet this did not a- vail ^ for the King ordered the Mayor of the City, together with the Bankers, in whofe •Hands their Money lay, to confign them to the Sheriff iii Execution of the Royal Man- 4^te \ 1^6 The AfitietitmdTrefefit State Parti. date^ and after the Money was coUefted and brought to the King, becaule a Crofs could not be ereO:ed in the Place, where the Impiety was committed, without Damage to fome of the neighbouring Inhabitants, the King would have it built oppofite to the jcwijlj Syjiagogue : But even this Place feeming inconvenient to the JKing and his Council, he order'd it to be pla- ced near Merton College, juft by St. John Bap- ir/^'s Church. 3^/y, That the Jews ^t Oxford counterfeited the Abbot and Convent of Ofney's Seal, when Rog. o^ Coventry was in that Oifice, and this they did to the great Damage of the Abby. 4f Z?/)', They refus'd to f'yield any Obe- dience to the Chancellor of the Univerlity, and to acknowledge his Jurifdidion over them ^ and as little Regard did they fliew to the Sheriffs Power and Authority, 5/-%, They entic'd the younger Students of the Univerfity, and the Townfmen's Children, to follow their,R6- Jigion, and forced them ;o undergo their Sym- bol of Circumcifion. And thefe were fome of their chief Crimes committed here ^ others of an inferiour Degree I pafs by in Silence. When they were banifh'd from hence, many of their Houfes efcheated to the King,and were Wm. BurneU. afterwards granted to the Provoft o^ Wells, and their Books fell into the Scholars Hands : a- mong whom there was then Rog. Bacon, well vers'd in the Hebrew Tongue, after whofe Death they fell to the Library of the Frmcif- fpan Friars, (of whom I IKall fpeak hereafter, when I come to treat oTthatLocufl: of Religious Orders infefting this Place) and were there con- fumed by Worms, &c. And thus I have done with the 7fTPj,.( almofl the only People who (vexM the Quiet of the Students here, from the Conqueror's Reign ti.l] .the Y.^r. j :j op, which open'd JCh,ii of the Umverftty of Ox f o r d. ^f open'd a Scene of new Troubles between the Scholars and Townfmen ot this Place •, and .&all be, with other Matters, the Subjed of the following Chapter. CHAP. III. > CfDomeftick Trouhks andT)iBurhances a- rifihg within the Univerfity of Oxford^ tetween the Studeiits^ Citizens^ 8rc. from the Conqueft until the End (f Kjng Hen. IH^ Keign, TH E Mayor and chief Magiftrates of Ox- A. D. 1209^ ford this Year, not being able to find out a Scholar or Clerk, Cfor fo were all Scholars now called) who happen'd to kill a Woman here, apprehended three of the Students, and ilraitways hang'd them up at th6 Town's End, without any Tryal or Examination : Where- upon, the other Scholars being alarm'd, forlbofc the Place, to the Number of three thouland, s-zo^,', C/^ron. and return'd not again till Ibme Time after- ^.i68, ^f. wards ; but repairing to Camhridg^e^ %jading^ and Maidfione in Kent^ ftudied there, and left: the Univerfity naked of Students : This was in the I ith of k. Johns Reign, who (as A'f. Paris obferves) was difpleafed with the Scholars for having Recourle to a Papal hiterdi£t. But on the Difcovery of this Fad, it appeared, that the Citizens had behav'dthemfelves very malicioul^ ly towards the Scholars •, and therefore foon after came to the Pope's Legate then atlVefi-minfi errand ask'd Pardon for their raih Offence in hanging fb maiiy Scholars •, yet a Penance was enjoin'd them, *J to go to all the City Churches^ with Whips " in ^l The Antient and Trefent State Part I. *' in their Hands,bare-footed,and in their Shirts, *' and there pray the Benefit of Abfolution *' from every Parifh Prieft, repeating the Peni- " tential Pfalm ^ and to pay- a Mark of Silver " per Ann. to the .Scholar*; -. which the Townf- men refenting, gave a Portion of Land, called Middenham,nesLt Oxford, on Condition, that the Ahhot of Ofney did yearly pay to the P. of St. Fridefwidcj a Mark to the Ufe of the Univerfi- ty for this Grant ^ and laftly, that they fhould, on every St. Nicobis^s Day, entertain i oo poor Scholars hone ft is refe^ionibus, the Abbot ofEvC' flam yearly paying i6 Shillings towards this Feftival Expence. By the Number of Students withdrawing themfeives#omr hence on this Occafion, it ap- pears that the State of the Univerfity now flou- riih'd ^ as it alfo does from a Tax impos'd on J 2), T068. Houfes, in the City and Suburbs thereof : For Doomfday- whereas heretofore only 20 /. and 6 Sextaries of hook. Honey fer Ann. were paid for toll and (^ahle : the Citizens now, on the Increafe of their Hou- fes being full of Scholars paid 60 /. which was chiefly owing to the Encouragement of our King Hen. from his Proficiency in good Letters, iurnamed Beauclerky who erecting a Palace here for the Refidence of our Kings, gave fo high a Reputation to this Place, that in fucceeding Ages, a prodigious Multitude ofScholars flock'd hither from all Parts of the learned World. The Ground whereon this Palace ftood was an-r ciently call'd the Beaumonts, from its Situation on a fine Hill, which Time has fince level'd, tho' the Ground ftill retains its Name to this Day. The Buildirtg of this Houfe here hy this King, refutes a received Notion of his being a Student at Cambridge • whereas (belidgs) 'tis well known, that the learru?d H^rvefl ^s Wri^ ters. Cfi. V V ^^^ Vniverftty of Oxford. 29 ters term the Reftoration of Literature in that Univerfity) was not carried to that Barn by the Monks of Crowlarul, till this Prince was ad- vanc'd to the State of Manhood r And 'tis ttiore probable, that he fhidied at Oxford, by the many Favours ihewn hereunto in his Grants of Privileiies, tho' fince loft, yet remembred in the Charters of fucceeding Princes, given to this Univerfity. During this King's Reign, there were ipany learned Men at Oxford, as Walter A. D. 1099. Crf/wf, Archdeacon thereof, Wiillam ofMalmef- 1104. bury, Celfus Archmachanus, a Perfbn well endu- ed with all forts of Knowledge, and Roh. Ber- — ' ^^°7« tune, whom (Jervas of Cant, ftiles the Oxford Clerk, by Way of Eminency ^ this Man was through the Pope's Favour, made Bifhop of He- reford i and after his Death, on the Score of a holy Life, in a fair Way of being canonized for a Saint. Tho' there were many others of high Perfeftion in point of Learning, for Brevity's fake here to be omitted • yet I cannot pafs by iVimund the Kmg's Chaplain, of great Letters —-mi*. according to thole Days ^ who purchafmg the Advowfon to St. Fride/wide's Church, then in a decaying Condition, had himlelf prefented to the Priory thereof^ and expelling all the fecu- lar Canons then married, chofe Per Ions in the State of Celibacy into their ftead • and fuch ef- pecially as were of the Number of Students here •, and repairing its Buildings, vifited all the Eftates belonging to it ; and therein inti'o- duc'd the fame School-Exercife as was then in • Ufe in the Univerfity. Leland avers that Learning at this Time neither flourifhed at Ox- ford or Cambridge ; but if he had examin'd the !7y^<9wf;7c/^f«rehaif of the Secular Clerks, publiilji'd a; pook againft the Regulars, a^ others had ; dpn^ before agaiiift the Seculars : vyhich Stamp had at once under his Tuition 60 or 100 Students, 'aiiother Argument of the pood Eft^at^ of this Univerfity, under the reign,r ing Influeiipe of this iCingjs Abpde here for the jnpft part. -^iUll' . For the better Support ai^d Encouragement pf Learning, there now came hither from Excr ter one RobyTull^iny who for. five Years read the holy Scriptures to the Students here, for fame Time much negleded, and in a Manner difu^ led m- England ^ and every Lord's Day preach'd to the People ^ from whofe Doftrine many of the French Jind EngUflj Church received great Advantage. Lelandy highly extolling him for liis Refloration of Learning;, fays^ that he left no Stone unturn'd, in order to inftrud the Youtl^ in the learned Languages, by reading con- ftantly to them in the publick Schools. But he was afterwards fent for to the Roman Court by P. Innocent IL his Fame reaching far and near ; and by P. Celefiine II. advanc'd to a Cardinal- ihip -J and then by P. Lucius VII. made, his Chan- Gh. ^. of the ITniv^rfity (f OyiFOKD, ' '^% Chancellor y^y thefe and other Honours con- ferr'd on him here by the King, he was in fo much Grace and Favour with the King andj pope, that he procur'd of ^ them Bulls and Charters of Privileges, as well for the Govern-, liient and Adminift ration of the Univerfity,. as for the Defence thereof; tho' thefe Privilege^ apd Immunities are fince loft, partly at the Time of the Reformation^ and partly during- the flavages of the Barons Wars ; yet foraa iiaYe, doubte4,, wl^ether there ever were {ud> P;i7vileges or not. , . .. i - \J "■,^On the Dea^h of Henry j our great Patron of ^. D. ii^si Learning, K. Stephen fucceeding to the Crown,^,^ parliament vvasheld atOxfyrdy to confirm- the Rpyal Promises made at nis Inauguratiqrijljj^ Ij'put the Invefiiture of Bijliops^ fettling of Worefi \4WSy and rer^itting of Danc-gelt, a Sum of Sidney formerly paid to the Danes for every Jide of Land in England, not to invade us. There was no doubt forae Interruption given to IJie Students by. this Prince's Death, and.t^ parliament aiTeD^bled here, tho' it remain'd n^ Ipng : But fooii after a Civil War breaking out Tjetvyeen K.-Stefhen and Maud the Emprefs, ,&,- (jout. their refpe6tive Riglit^ to the GrQVfn ; 'Maud was received into the City to the Joy. and 1140 ^tis^adion of the Inhabitants, by [Rok J^Oi- tyy the fecond .of that Name in England y and [jtheDay following, on a thor :^iorr. . i2^j, • The King intending now to go into ^^j^^^, committed the Guardianihip of the Univerfity to the Care of Walt, de Grey, Archbifhop of 7ork^ a Perfon very fit for this Truft, having had an Education formerly here, and alfo to WiUiam de Canfelupe, and Wi/tianf of Tork, by Letters direfted to them, giving them a Power to receive all Scholars Complaints, ajid redrels them according to the Laws, Statutes, and an- cient Cuftoms of the Univerfity. I ■> •^ — 1x45 Soon after a Difpute being between the King and William de Ralegh, Bifhop of Norwich^ a- bout his Eleftionto theSee of W^/>?/-o??, the Kifig referr'd the Matter to the Lawyers at Oxford and Paris, to have their Opinionis thereon •, but the Bifhop obtaining his Eleftion from the Pope through Fraud, was highly difpleafed with the Determination of the Oxford Canonills ' -in the King's Favour, and was not a little ral- lied in the Schools by the young Students Wic > and for a fliller Refutation of the Bifhop^s Right, : . . the Ch. :? , of the Un'iverjity of Ox fo r d. ' 4 ^ the King obcaiii'd a Decifion from the Lawyers of Paris. The' there was this Confent of Opinion, the Bifliop never forgave the Judg- ment ot the Oxonians, but purfu'd them at the Roman Comt with the umoft Hatred a few Years after, when the Carmelites came and fettled here by the Pope's Favour, (^btain'd thro' his Means, rather for the lake of iubduing the Scho- lars Minds, than for improving their own. But as I iliall treat of thefe Caterpillars elfewhere, 1 will now return to our iedltious Citizens, nei- ther to be oblig'd by Cenfures, nor by any Pjk of Grace. For now did they enterprize new Diftur- A. D. 1248. bances with the Students, and in their Madnefs on St. Phil, and Jac. flew a Scholar of Noble Extraction, whom they met late at Night pafl fmg through St. Martinis alias Cairfax Church ; affaulting him, on no Provocation, firft witli> Blows ^ and then with offal Butchers MeajCj * from the Stalls befmeared him all over, in his Attempt to efcape ^ whilft others pelted him with Stones and all the Filth pickt up in the Streets, in their purfuit, reviling him with con- tumelious Language, till at length he fell down half dead before All Hallows Church Door, and being three Days after carried to his own Houfe, died there early in the Morning. The Bailiifs of the City luffering his Murderers publickly to walk the Streets, conversed with them after their iifual manner, and with Arms conducted them to St. Mary''s Church, there to refide, as in a Sanftuary, with greater Safety. TheUni- verfity much incens'd at thefe Proceedings, de- clin'd the further reading of all Lectures, VAid.- declar'd, that unlefs this Matter was duly ani- madverted on and pun ifh'd, fmce the like h:.id often happened with Impunity, tl^.ey wou*d al- toi^e- 46 The Antieiit and Trefent State Part T. together leave their Studies here : nor would . they fuffer the Body ilain to be interr'd^ tilliji they received an expefted Anfwer from the King ?.nd their pretended Diocelan the Biiliop of Lincoln touching the fame •, who becaufe he cou'd not have legal Cognizance ot the Faft, ib as to pronounce any certain Sentence of Con- demnation on particular Perfons, or againft the County at large, he commanded his Chancel- lor immediately to repair to Oxford, and there in Perfon forthwith to caufe a publick Excom- munication in general to be folemnly denounc'd againft all Perfons difturbing the Peace of the Church and the Univerfity, by laying violent Hands on this Scholar, and giving him his Death •, and alfo againft all Aiders and Abet- ters thereof, commanding the fame to be pro- nounc'd in every Church of the City, with Candies lighted, and Bells tolling. After the Performance hereof, he was diligently to en- quire, by a Jury of honeft Men, taken to his Alfiftance, touching the Reafon of this Murder, and to publifli an Agreement made between the N'lc. Tufc. Univerfity and City by the Pope's Legate, du- ring his Refidence at Ofney Abbey, as already noted ^ and on difcover^ of any of the guilty Perfons, to proceed againft them with all Seve- rity, according to the Canon. What Iffue this had is not fb well known, tho' *tis faid, that the Sheriff of the County, by virtue of a Royal Writ, feiz'd on all the Goods of a cer- tain Vintner, an Accomplice in this Murder, mulfting him in the greatefr part of his Wine. The Scholars purfu'd their Refentments for the repeated Injuries done them by the Townf- men- with a conftant unihaken liefolution, of which they gave a Speomen by their Suit a- gainft Roh. Wells ^ Bailiff of North-Gate Hun- dred, Ch. ^. of theUniverJity of Oyivo^Til 47- dred, and a notorious Difturber of the Univer- lity Privileges -^ declaring on Oath, that they • wou'd immediately fhut up the Schools, and ' fuperfede all Exercifes, unlefs juftice was done ; them on this their implacable Enemy, accord- ing to his Demerits ^ which they obtain'd, tho' not according to the Humour of their own Minds. On the 19th o? May this Year, the King at ; Woodfiock granted to the Univerlity feveral Pri- Vik J^^, vileges and Immunities by Charter, as well in the Prefence of the Proftors of the IJniverfity, as of the Town-Burgelfes : the King hereby in Ibme meafure taking care to fortify the Rights and Privileges of the Scholars againft all the Attempts made on them lately by the injurious Townfmen, as formerly by the aiflifting Jervs. The Affairs of the Univerfity being now in a low and troubled State, Learning was corrupted with the Subtleties of Logick and Metaphy- ficks ^ for altho' there were at this time feve- ral Perlbns eminent in the ie Points of Study- yet having had fome part of their Education at Paris, they brought from thence things very light, and hurtful to found Knowledge : Among whom was "S^ichard of Cornwall, Chancellor of Tork, who poifoad the Youth here by Le^hires read in the Schools on the Sentences, in imita- tion of the Faris Fryars •, which employ'd the ftudious Care of many Learned Men for 40 Years afterwards in refuting thefe erroneous Doftrines, and refloring the Univerfity to a found State of Mind : nor were his Tenets only dellrudive of Divinity, of which he was here a publick ProfelTor, and (according to fome) got a great Reputation by his Expofitions of it ;, buC alio of many of the liberal Arts and Sciences. Nor 48 The Anttenta7id Trefent State Part I; Nor" was the Univerfity only perplexed with religious Herefies, ,&nd falfe Principles of Phi- lofophy •, but was alfo embarafs'd with the con- tinual Diffenfions and Strug2;lings of the Predi' . 11 ;z. where after their firfl; coming into £«^/^»^theiL- Mic. Grejy r;ative Country, on the Invitation oftwoChief- dcb.]'efey. (jijj-js jj^ tJiQ £fi£l/Jh Army againft the 5izr*2cr;/, the Qh. ^. oftbe UmveYftty cf Oxford, 51 the Enemy of Chriftendom, they had fettled themfelves at Alls ford and Holney near Aulney, in thofe Counties. Thefe Fryars, v/ith the Provincial Prior of their Societyj a Lover of So- ^^^^^j^^^ Frefc^- litude, had dwelt for fome time on the Top of Mount Carmelus near Ptolemaisy under many Au- fterities of Life, chalHfmg their carnal Luft with fuch kind of Penance ^ and being vifited by thefe Captains, led thither either through a religious Opinion or a Curiofity of feeing the Place, were by them prevail'd on to leave the Mountain, and return into Englnndy with a View of eftablilliing their Order here \ and no fooner were they fettfd (as aforefaid) but they difpers'd themfelves through the chief Cities among us \ and being principally delighted with Oxford^ firft infmuated themfelves into the Af- jfedions of the Mob, and then into the Mind of the better fort, making their way hither by frequenting our Ledures, and taking Degrees in the manner ot other Religious Orders. Pet. Swannington^ a Co-temporary with Hum, NeBon (the'lirll: Profeflbr of Divinity at Cam- bridge) was the firft Doctor in that Faculty of this Order at Oxford^ as was Siin. Stokes the firft Batchelor therein among them, being promo- ted to this Degree at a Time, when no Dwel- ^. d. 11^^. . ling had been alTign'd them here ^ but by afpi- ring to Academical Learning with all poiTible Diligence, thev us'd their utmoft Efforts to ob- tain the f»me -^ Perfons from all Parts of the Learned World coming iiither for Knowledge. At laft, through the Requeft of their Pro- j;,;^^ vincialy they acquir'd a Manfion in Stockvpell Street of Nlc. de Meules, fometime Conftable of the Caftle here, and now bearing the Title of a Barony in Somerfetjhiiey whofe cliief Seat was at Nr.rth Cadbury. See the Inftrument or E 2 Deed t^ 2 The Ant lent and, Trefent State Pa rt I. t)eed of Conveyance in WoocCs Antiquities, in ,[ anfwer to thofe afcribing this Gift to Richard ^ Enrl o^Cornivallj and Brother to Hen. sd. This Foufe was fituate, where now the South part of ^beefier Hdl ftands. The Fryars, defirous to eieft aChappel and other Buildings, but ftrait- ned for want of Room, prevail'd on an Oxford Burgefs, on the fcore ot his Riches and Wif- dom Mayor hereof for many Years together, to aflign and grant them a Spot of Ground con- tiguous to Meules, or Noelfs Building •, for fb Bale calls him ^- which he readily gave them, admiring the Sandity of their Lives •, on the Acquifition whereof they purchas'd Leave of their Diocefir, vind alfo of the Abbot and Con- vent o'^Ofney (this Seat of theirs being with- in St. (jeorge's, now calFd St. Thomases Parifh, and from the Foundation of it belonging to this Abbey) for the building of their Oratory ^ which they obtained through the Means of their Founder N',c. de Meules, Richard Earl of Cornwall, arid Ela the pious Countels of War- J.D. 1256. ^'^^ ' And on St. Agatha's Day an Agreement was made between the Abbot and Convent on the one part, and the Prior and faid Fryars on the other, by the Confent of Henry then Bi- ihop of Lincoln, the Diocefan. This Agree- ment may be read at large in the afore-cited Page of Mr. Wood : And for the Confirmation thereof their Provincial in England by Letters j^\. 2J.J257. granted a Power to John de Rvpha, Procurator of this Order at Oxford, to take an Oath in animas fratrum, for the faithful Obfervance of all things therein contained -^ and the faid John accepting this Proxy by Oath, oWig'd himfelt and all his Family, before the Abbot and Prior of Ofney, and certain Canons thereof. This Oath thefe Fryars repeated every five Years, CIi . 5 . of the Unlverjityof Oxford. ^ j as they did it, according to a certain Writer,^. D. 1178. i when "^g. de Croftweyte was their Prior, and 5 under the Government of Hugh de Rifeburge, 1501. f But thefe Fryars, regardlefs of the Keceflaries ; lately obtain'd, began now to wilh for fine Gar- dens and pleafant Groves, and hereon they had an Acceffion of Ground belonging to Ofney Con- vent : and having amafs'd a good Sum of Mo- ney, they purchas'd the Tithes and Obventi- **-S- ons ufually paid by them to the faid Abbev j and infinuatin£?f themfelves into vukar Aii'edli- ons (as before noted) they grew lb popular, that by a Covert Fraud, under the Name of Buying, they got many Houfes, as Nlc. de Forfl- huil fold them a Tenement, wont to pay three Shillings to the Priory of Littlcmore ^ lb that they appropriated to themlelves many real Eftates. After this, the Abbot and Convent of Ofney granted and quit-claimed, for themfelves and their SucceiTors, to the faid Prior and Fryars and their Succellbrs, that they might for ever hold and quietly enjoy, as far as to tliem rela- ted, all that Portion of Land which Richard Maydeloch for fome time inhabited, where they built a Gate 60 Feet in Length, and 30 in Breadth, lying between the Land of WUllam Eynjljam on one fide, and Richard Lekams on the other, in i^t. George'?, Parilli, in the Suburbs near Ic Huxe^ free and quit for ever of all Demands of Tithes, Oblations and Profits whatfoever, belonging to St. George^s Church j which the faid Abbot and Convent had appropriated, Oc, for the Yearly Rent of 16 Shillings. Upon enlarging their Ground, they increafed their Buildings, with the Ornaments of Gardens and other Pleafures, living here for almofl: 60 Years, during which tipie they had many l^e^lurers qf E their 'I ^4 The Antient and Trefent State Part Ti\ their own Koufe. But at laft transferring them-- '■ felvesto the King's Palace, oppoflte to Stockwell Street, caird the "Benumofits^ they continued there till their Diflblution. This Manfion they obtain'd by the means of one Bob. Bafion, a Car- melite, and in his Time a celebrated Poet, who in a Poem on King Edrvard the iffs engaging the Scots, render'd himfeU'acceptable to the Fa- ther, as he afterwards did to the Son Edward the id, who being in danger by Flight, after the Battle fought between him and Rob. Bruce King o'^ Scotland, was promised Safety, on Con- dition that he would build a Floufe for the Carmelites, on his Return into Efjgland. But through want of Money being not able to build the fame, he was by the Perfwafion of Perfons then in Power prevailed on to grant them his Palace, which accordingly he made good j and farther ordained the Refidence of 24 Fryars therein, attending the Study of Divinity, and each of them to receive five Marks per Ann. out of the Royal Purfe \ which Penfion was af- terwards, in the 4//? of Edward the ^d''s Reign, difputed, and whether wholly taken away we know not. Edward the id, the fame Year he gave his Palace to the Carmelites, granted to them, for the more commodious enlarging this Seat, two other Tenements, fituated almoit op- pofite to Gloccfier ELill in Stockwell Street. And tlms thefe Carmelites in their Primitive Stat^ living the moft reclufe from Human Converfa- tion, but afterwards by receiving ConfeffionsI grown popular, advanced themfelves to great Riches •, and having the moft ample Seat in the City, folaced themfelves with all manner of PJeafures. And that this Palace might have the jfirmer Continuance to them and their Suc- cOiTors, theyprpcur'd a Bull from P. John 21 fi, in •' the Ch. ^. of the Univerfity of O^vo^D. 55 the id Year of his Papacy, by which King Ed- ward's Grant was coniirm'd to them, and a Power given them of leaving their' antient Seat, and either of felling or commuting the lame for other Lands and Houfes, notwithftand- ing Boniface the %th\ Bull to the contrary. Af- ter this they purchased Leave of the Ofr?ey Con- vent (for their new Seat was within St. A'lary A4agdalen^ Parifh) either in the lame Houfe, or the King's Palace, of celebrating Divine Service, and a Liberty of burying their Dead, &c. according to the Tenor of their Privileges, without Diminution or Impediment : which Li- cence they obtain'd from Roh. Gurfington, then Vicar of this Pariili, and from John Dalderby, Biihop of Lincoln J by Letters dated at Bugdcn ^- ^- *>^°' the ^rft Sunday in Lent. Tiiefe Fryars had one School in their firft Houfe, built by Hen. de Haitna, .and in their new Seat they built two Schools themfelves, calling one the 1)ivim'ty and the other the Phi- lofofhy School, from whence iifu'd many learned Men. Their firft Houfe was in the ylrea of the lerter Quadrangle, to the South of Gloccfler Hall now ftanding •, which from its Antiquity fome believe to have been built by thefe Fryars, tho' Rofs will liave their antient Manfion to be near the Banks of the River Thames^ oppofite to Rewly Abbey : but wherefoever it was,uhey let it on their going out IVom theiice,to the Bencdiclim Monks of ^beefier, and the Clofe lying on the South-fide, then called Cornwall ^ which Henry the ^tb fold to Edm.Powel ofS.indford in Oxford- ^'^- ^n^^^- ? JlurCy Gent. And thus having done with thefe Fryars fjr a feafon, I proceed to fpeak of^o^. Grofihcad, J.'Pr^:-^^. Bijhop of Lincoln, who(e Death ga\-e the Stu- dea:s here great Grief: For lie v/a.^ not only a E 4 pious 5 6 The Atttient a?id Trefent State Part I. pious and indefatigable Promoter of Learning, but a ftrenuous AfTerter of the Rights and Pri- vileges of the Univerfity, and an Avenger of their Infringements, and alfo a great Supporter of poor Scholars here, who living and dying free from Cenflire, was lamented by all Men, and after his Death by the V^ulgar reputed a Saint. Yea, King Edward the \fl and this Uni- verfity, by Letters to Pope Clement the 5^^, fbl- Jicited his Canonization, which may be read in Mr. Wood, dated May 6th at Carlljle, as did alfo the Abbot and Convent o^Ofney to the fame End, which were tranfcrib d into the Abbey Register, and carefully preferv'd with thofe of the Univeriity. Hen. Lexington fucceeded him in the See, who from a din'erent Temper im- mediately began to enlarge his Jurifdiftion over the Scholars, by di Curbing that of the Univer- fity, which, to obviate his Incroachments, ob- tain'd feveral Bulls fi'om Pope Innocent the 4?^, juft before his Death. By the firft, in the loth Year of his Papacy, he gives Protection to the Jj'berties and Privileges hereunto granted by Kings, Bifliops, &c. as he does by the id, dated * Anaginje. at the fame Time and Place ■**, and infer ib*d to the Bifhops of London ZiU^ Sarum : and a 2>d dated at the fime Place, is diredled to the Stu- dents, in confirmation of the Univerfity and of its Immunities, Liberties and Culloms, which differs little from the former. The ^th, dated the fame D'^y and Place, concerns the Confir- mation of fhe Statutes, &c. which was after- wards confirmed by the Bull of Slxtus the ^th. Tliefe Bulls for the prefent quafh'd the Biiliop's Endeavours, tho' he afterwards gave the Uni- verfity great Trouble: for after /n;2/7Cf;7i--s Death j4hxnnder the A,th being advanced to the Apo- Itolick See, the Biiliop of Lincoln cpmplaiii'd to him Ch. 3' of the Univerfity of OxFOKD. ^7 him of the Scholars lodging in the Caftle at Oxford, alledging, that they refus'd to yie'd Obedience to the Authority, which he and his PredecefTors had ever been in Pofleflion of ^ to whom Alexander, in his Bull dated at Naples, in the firft Year of his Papacy, wrote, that he ihould exercile Jurifdiftion over this Place, notwithftanding any Letters from the Pope ob- tain'd or to be obtain'd to the contrary, unlefs the Letters hereafter obtain'd made full men- tion of thefe Prefents ^ and lb far Lexington pre- vail'd, that he afterwards viftcd the Univerii- ty, and made Inquifition into the Rights of St. George''?, Church here. The Affairs of the Univerfity every Day in-^. D. 1255. creas'd fb faft, by reafon of the great Number of Clerks and Laymen, that the Magiftrates of the Univerfity were infufficient for the Govern- ment of the whole Place •, wherefore the Ma- ilers and Scholars were in fbme meafure obh'g'd to pray the King for an Inflitution of more Magiftrates among them, with a Power to in- tend the Peace and Welfare of both City and Univerfity \ whereupon two more Aldermen, and eight Burgelfes Affiftant, were added to the Mayor and Aldermen already fettled, with two Bailifs to aid and a/lift thefe Perfons ^ and this the King granted with other Privileges by Charter. But I obferve, that in the firft Article of a Charter of Compofition made between the Uni- ^^ Edw, i. verfity and City touching the Inftitution of thele Aldermen and their Afliflants, &c. the fame is fiid to have been granted to the Chancellor and Univerfity ; and that this new hiflitution was for no other Reafon, than for the Peace and Advantage thereof : it appearing from hence, that they cou'd claim no Jurifdidion over the 5 8 The Ant tent and Trefent State Part I, the TJiiiverfitv, for then this hiftitution would E0£ have been to the Peace and Advantage thereof, but rather to its Prejudice. " We *' have (fays the King) infpecled the Cha-ters *' by us granted to the Univerfity of Oxford^ " the 39*feofour Reign, under our Seal then *f -iifed, in thefe Words, viz.. Henrkta, &c, where the Charter for fettling thefe Aldermen is recited in. the iirft place ^ therefore this was granted as a Privilege to the Univerfity. But the Townfraen fubmitted not to this Charter, deeming the feme as void, and only granted in favour of the Univerfity \ for that they were hereby obliged to take an Oath of Fealty in the prefence of the Scholars, who would add another Oath hereunto, which had its rife on the hanging of certain Students before reraember'd ^ which would be a new Argument for their Sub- je£Hon to the Univerfity. The Scholars were fb far incenfed at the Townfmens Difobedience to the King's Commands, that by a Deputation of Maflers they irapeach'd their Contempt be- ;/«. i?J^Iagifiros CT" duos probos C^ legale s homines de f^illa nofird ad hoc ajJlirnandoSy hofp'tia pr^diBa taxari (^ fecundum eorum taxa- tioiiem ea locari pcrmittatis : And if any Con- t rover fy fhould arife about the Taxing or Pay- ment of tjae Rent tax'd, the Deterinlnation thereof Ch. 3 • ^f ^^^ Vniverfity of* Ox fo r W, 6i thereof ihould belong to the rhancellor and Univerfity, as appears by the Royal Charter granted for the Cognizance of Pleas. But whereas, on the advanc'd Rent of Houfes the J. D. 1144,' Students had been at frequent Expences in re- pairing and enlarging them, it would be diffi- cult for the Chancellor and Taxers to decide- Suits arifmg hereon ^ the King therefore order*" ed fuch Taxation to be quinquennial, and to' begin this Year •, from whence the Townfmen perverting the Words of the Charter, infring'd the Charter granted 1244. ^"^ laying, no Taxation ought to be repeated, Ni/t interjc^o quivquennio, let out whatever Houfes were not tax'd before currente illo cjuinquennio, and re- fus'd to lubmit to the Arbitration of the Taxers y having Recourfe to a folemn Taxation. Be- fides, from the Word Domorum in the Letters "^ Patents, they Ccx^k'd up a new Fi'aud, alledging this Word on'y denoted entire Houfes ^ and let out fingle Chambers to Scholars of meaner Rank at pie; fare. But the King, acquainted herewith, commanded the Mayor and Bailiffs, to obferve his Orders to them dir6fted this Year, tam ad utilitatem pauperum & mlnorum qtiam di- vitum & ntajorum ^ commanding them alfo to caufe all Houfes in Oxford, as well greater as leffer Chambers, letten to Scholars, to be tax- ed without delay, in the forefaid Form, when they Ihould be thereunto requir'd, on the Part of the laid Mafters and Scholars. The Biihop of Lincoln ftill perfever'd in his ' I2j6» Claim of furifdiclion over the Students, making fuch Steps herein, that he violated the known Liberties and Statutes of the Univerfity, recei- ved here for mifiy Ages pafl. Wherefore, to- wards the End of this Year, the Scholars chofe nine Artifts, and fent them to the King then at St. ()^ The Antietit and Trejejtt State Part I. St. Albans, to complain of the Injuries intii£led on them b/ tlie Biiliop, aiid to pray timely Re- lief againft thefe Misfortunes ^ which they did tliere in St. Ofwin's Chappel, partly in Writing, and partly by Word of Mouth, according to the Teiftimqny oi M.Paris recording their Prayer ill thefe Word^, viz.. Domine, pro "Domino cu- ram hake de Ecclefia jam vacillante, Vniver/itas P^jfienfis tot altrlxXfr Magifirafan^orum Prala- tarum non mediocriter ferturbatur, Ji fmiliter uno tempore perturbetur Vniverfitas Oxonienfis cum fit Schola lAa Ecclefia, imo Ecclefie fundamentimt, ti- Vtendum- efi vehement er, ne Ecclefia tota ruinam fatiatur, (^c. From hence it appears, that our University was in thefe Times in a high Degree of Dignity, fince the eminent 'Tarifian gave it fp honourable a .Title. ■»r— '1^57. But to purfue this Controverfy, which was this Year adjulted between the Univerfity and the Blfliop, at'i^ Convocation ^held in Lent, on the Appeara^nce of thefe Artiftf at the King's Command \ where, leaft any- t^ing fliould be .enafted in Fraud of the Bifhop,, . his 0//?a^/ was conftantly prefent to proteft againft all At- tempts ^ which he did, when,then the Chancels lor and Univerfity made c-e^tain Statutes. about the Ordinary LeOrures of Mafters, and other JVIatters, as appears by a Memorandum on tl^e :4thof JiK^^^ to be it^xi ixiWood'^ and Tiuj^^s A^^tiquities. — — ^ iz58. Among the Convulfions with which the Uni- verfity was this Year ihaken fpaffing by thofe of the Parliament called Infanum, and held at Oxford^ there happen'd Diffenfions among the Scholars themfelves, being of different Nations, breaking out in an outragiouji Manner \ fo that the Univerfity was divided into Parties, the Welch^ Scotch j and North JSngJiJli, erecting thei ; Banners, I» ^ ?f i^ \ .{,r H, Ch. ^. of the Umverfity of OxvoRD. 6 J Banners, fought it out againfi: the Southern IVfen, in the Fields about Oxford ; in which inr- gagement many were Icill'd and wounded on each lide, and the Southern Men being fubdued, the other parry triuin;^h'd^ but as foon as the Heat of their yonthful Courage grew cold a- gain, they ferioufly coniidering the Heinouliiefs of the Fa£t committed, on mutual Advice ap^ plyM^themfelves to the King, to deprecate the Vengeance tlireaten'd them, dreading die {time very much, efpecially from killing the Brother of iJeoiineVnnce of M'^aies, lately in Prison ^ - ?ind to ingratiate themfe Ives with the King,the5>- at laft relblv'd to make a tender of 4000 Marks to him, 300 to his Son Edward, and 2ootothe,o (Queen-, but in Anfwer to their Supph'cat'kni r rthe King f lid, he had more Regard for the Life of any one Subje^ttlian for any Sum offer'd him. And thus they returned to Oxford with great Anxiety, tho' they were not inftantly puniih'd, 'the King being emplov'd in War, partly with 'LeoUfie, and partly with hts Nobility, and 5b fiot at leifure to infiift a Punishment. ^ This War in the Univerfir'y was a Prelude of the enfuing Tumults in the Kingdom^ if (We may' credit the following Verfes, x;f:L. Chronica fi p enfcs, turn fuguaat Oxonieufes .' ' Pofi paucos Menfesy volat ira:^er'u4ngligenevf^] For the Year afterihefe Difreniion§''Were atrO^C- ford, the EngUjli Barons and Kobility, Sim. Mount ford being their Leader, appealed in Arms, and when the Matter came ito be. decided By Battle, they fell into a Parley with the King,' . and made fome Statutes concerning Provifions at O.'cford to be obferv'd by Foreigners, t j '' put 64 The Afitient and Trefetit State Part I^ jL D, it59' But in Lent this Year fa Time f^r Difputes here as well as at Cambridge) new Difturbances arofe, on the Account of a certain Scholar's breaking Prilbn, and making his Efcape, the Students thinking to exempt him, being de* tain'd for Murder by a Refcous, and by Force to carry him off into fome Church, according to Cuftom, to prevent the Execution of Juftice on Scholars condemn'd ^ being brought out of Prifb'-T to be hang'd near the Ciftle, or in a place called Green Dltch^ they would take them .out of the Sheriffe Hands, and carry them into St.'(^iles^s ChUrch, and forcing: them to abjure the Realm/ difmifs them. - - ji(<;o. Soon after this, an Authority was granted to J»^t 45- H^-i,.JohnWyvllle?c[\ • -■ affording Alhftance to the Barons in their Wars, fliould lofe all the Privileges and Immunities granted by Kings and Popes to this Univerfity. The Scholars returning this Year to Oxford ^ ^i D. 1167. had fcarce fettled themfelves to their. Studies, before new Contefts arofe between the Norf^h Englijl} and Jrijlh ^^^^ ^^^^ thofe of South and North fr^^.f, joind by the Scots ^ which grew jTo high between the EngUflj and /r//?;, tlia: they .were not contented to dill:urb the ^ea<;^ of die Univerfity, in the hoftile Way ofSchoal Dif- putatioiis, but often, even in the midii of the City, Sjuburhs, and adjacent Fields, fought it out in fet Battles ^ but at the Inftance af th? Biihops and Nobility, a League was made be- tween tl^em, which fome fay theSchqUrs brok^ before ^^ev went to Northampton ;. See the A,- greement in Mr.lFood's Antiquities^j^.i 14.. And for the greater Firmnefs thereof, itwi^ftrength- en'd with theSeals of 1 8 confiderahle Men, wifh the Chancellors in the midft thereof, an. Parch- ment :, wli\ch was the feqond Peace made be- tween the Joflj and North Endijl), and this rf- main'd unfliaken tor • many Years. Some will have the Oc^afion of thefe Differences to be a- bout the Antiquity of their Country \ and from hence it appears, a c;reai- Kumber ot Injh ftudi- ed heie about this Time, giving tlie Name to a certain Street in Oxford^ call'd Irifljmofj-fireet ; which Street has difappear'd long fmce, and nothing, now is ieen thereof. F A. The -V. | And altho' lorae fay, when they firft came hi- ther, they were the moil rude and illiterate of „ all the Mendicants^ and were iknt to the Minor I Fryars to be inftru^led in Letters ; yet they, now made the moft confiderable Figure in • all Parts of Learning here \ and from them have we our Aufiin Difputations now in ufe^ every Wednefday and Saturday in, full Term, from Qne a Clock to three in the Afternoon, under a Mafter of the Schools bearing the Office of a Moderator, and for his Trouble receiving of the Univerfity, ever fmce Henry the v^/j's time, 13 Shillings and four Pence. 1 . I ihall end this Chapter with the Clofe of A.B. ifji, Henry the 3<^'s Reign, which as it was long,,ib ■ it adminiftred Variety of Fortune to the Affair:? and Learning of this Place, which w^ie foi: fome time in fo high a Reputation, that Pope Alexander the a,th^ in a Letter to th^ Et^S^iJk J^obilitVj called it the mofh.vleafnnt Fountain af the Mufesy as M. Paris fty.led it the fecond School af the Church j and confidering on vyhat ruinous Foundations the Sciences were now built, .if 5vas laudable to/behold even fb little a Sup^r- ^V'U^iii'e thereon ^ for I will not affirm with ^;^, that the liberal Arts were now in aflour rising' Condition •, but rather conclude with "K^";- Bacon, that they were drooping and al- JTioft expiring with us, as well, as among other (Nations, from the many Errors got into the VerfioiiS Ch. ^. of the Univerfity 0/ Ox fo r d, 75 Verfions of almoft all Books, whereby Sophiftiy had neceffarily ovedpread the Commonwealth of Letters. And the' by the Study ot St. Auftm and Boethipu the Perlpatettck Philoibphy was Jcnown to the VVeftern Chriftians, yet AriflotU liimfelfwas almoft a Stranger to this Age, or (as Bacon f lys) Artfiotle's Philol()phy came late into Ufe among the Latins. The Tranflation of his Natural Philofophy a.id Metaphyficks, with the Comment o^ Averroes and others thereon, were in the Year 1137. excommunicated and driven out of this Part of the World by the Pari fans, by Realbn of his Eternity of the World and of Time^ and alio on the fcore of his Boole touching the Divination of Dr earns, and many otlier Errors tranflated into the Latin Tongue. William de Mocrhech, a Brahantine by Nation, and Bifliop of Corinth in the greater Cjreece, de- ferves well for his Tranflation of many Books into the Latin Language about this time ^ e(pe- cially AnJhtWs Philoibphy, done at the In-^ ftance of Tho. A^^uinas \ and Themifiiui's Com- ment on Arifiotle^s Book de Ccelo & Mundo, as alfo his Tranflation of the Theological Ele- ments of Proclus Diodochus. Again, Arifiotle's Analyticks and the other Parts of his Organon, came very late into the Univerfity. Andif th^ Reader confiders the great Refbrt of Latins hi-r ther, he will acknowledge, that there were but few Interpreters of ^r//?cf/f in any Efteem un- til forty or fifty Years after this Time: yet I would not have him believe, that Ariftotle was not tauglit here until then ^ for that is a great Miilake, and contrary to the Truth of Hiftory ; fince AJferius Menevev.fls will have it, that "Jo- hannes Erigena, a Scotchman, read Arifiotle's Lo- gick to the Students at Oxford, even in the Reign of King ^//rf<^ •, as' alfo it appears that Jngul^ y^ The Anfient andTreJent State Parti. Ingulphus was a Scholar here at Oxford in the Time of Edward the ConfeiTor, and became a great Proficient in the Doftrine of Ariftotle ; not to remember Rob. PulUwj Simon o^ 'Durham, and John of Salisbury, and others too numerous to cite here. But I muft not yet forget John Hantville, who in the Year tiod, or before, took a Mafter of ^rts Degree in the feven libe- ral Arts or Sciences, (among which Lo^ick we reckon as one) •, nor that the Monks of Crow- land read Arifiotle^s Philofbphy at Cambridge in the Year 1 1 09. What contributed moreover to the Decay of Learning during this Reign, befides the Tu- mults, which were frequent here among the Students themfelves, as well as between them and the Townfmen, and the Civil Wars be^ tween the King and his Barons, was the Avarice and Luxury of the Scholars and Clerks them- selves, and the daily growing Orders of the Re- ligious Clergy, who defir'd lb far to introduce Kovelties in Point of Faith, that they departed from the Rules and Sandity of their Founders, and became the very Bane of Religion and Learning. It is' true there are Ibme who have alcribed this Declenfion of Letters to the Re- ception of the Imperial Laws here ^ but whoever Gonfiilts Jufiinian^s Infiitutcs, will find more found Reafoning therein, than in all the Works of Ramus ^ Ockham, and the reft of that Tribe. Yet I offer not this to diflwade or depretiate the Reading of Logick to young Students, fmce 'tis of admirable Ufe to them in the Conduft of o- ther Studies, if they can avoid the Chicanry and wrangling Part thereof, which is fure to render a Man a great Triiler in his Pretences to Knowledge, but in no wife (I think^ more Jearned or knowingo And thus I finifh this Chapter Ch. 4. of the Univerfity of OxfOr d. 77 Chapter with the Life of Henry the Third, who died this Year, not much lamented by the Univerfity, notwithftanding his feveral Grants of Privileges thereunto. CHAP. IV. qA Cont'muation of the chief Troubles ha^* fening in the ilniverjity of Oxford, from the 'Beginning of Edward the FirH''s Reign^ to the End of Henry the Seventh"* Sy with fume other Remarks and Matters relating thereunto, PAfling by the DifTenfions, which arofe at ^. D. 1275. this time among the Scholars themfelves, viz.. between the Welch, Irijio, and thofe o^ Cam- bray living here, with the North-EngUjli and Scotch, whofe Minds were fb much inflamed againft each other, that they committed all the Outrages of War imaginable ^ which were not- withftanding adjufted the next Year, by the . 1274, means of a Delegacy chofen on each fide for this End : And waving alio to fpeak of the feveral Liberties and Privileges beftowed on t-hp TTm'- 117; verfity by Km^ Edward the Firft, on his Accef- fion to the Crown, viz^. of citing the Burgefles "a/, g. Ed.i and other Laymen into the Chancellor's Court *"; <5 & in m all perlonal Anions, notwithftanding ^^^^I'^^J^f^ King's Prohibition, and of fetting Affizes and ,0^^ \^^' Prices on V^iduals, Wine, and other things fold C/.j«/". 5. Et/,i within the Univerfity^ and alfo his Confirma-"'' i^> G^* tion of other antient Charters •, I Ihall haften to treat of the Accommodation made this Year 1178. between the Univerfity and City, touching the Number of Regmtors, who at this time came under 78 The Antient andTrefent State Part L under the Notion of fuch as bought by Whole- 27 Edw. 3. fale and fold by Retail :; the' afterwards thole **• 3- were only fo fly led, who bought and fold in the fame Market, or within five Miles of it. See 5 Edw. 6. ch. 14. 5 Eliz.. ch. i 2. i 3 Ellz.. ich. 25, &c. who in the Civil Law are called Dardanariij from one 1>ar£lams the Author of this Offence : And it was now by unanimous Conlent agreed unto on both fides, viz.. by the Univerfity and City ^ that in the City and Sub- urbs of Oxford there fhould only be one and thirty Regrators •, two without Eajl-^ate ; be- tween this Gate and St. Mary'^s Church four ; between this and All-hallows Church four ^ be- tween All-Hallows and St. Martin's Church four ; between this Church and the Caflle one ^ in Cat- Street two •, within North-(jate two ^ without this Gate fix *, on the h\^ Bridge two^ between South-Gate and St. Martin's Church two ^ with- out Smith-Gate one ^ and near St. Mildred''^ Church one. Of thefe more hereafter. A.l>, 11J9. John Peckamy Archbiihop of Canterbury, held a Synod this Year at Reading with an Alfembly of Engliflj Biihops \ and being prelTed with the Chancellor of Oxford^a Complaint, made a De- cree in favour of our Privileges^ and for the Proteftion of Scholars Goods ; and confirmed the Sentence of Sufpenfion and Excommunica- tion pronounced by him or his Commiifary a- gainft Delinquent Scholars ^ and alfo ratify'd the Sulpenfion of all Clerks holding Benefices, and the Sequeftration thereof, as oft as the Chan- cellor ihould animadvert on them as Difturbers of the Peace, according to a Power long fmcel committed to him ^ and by other Evidences he teftify'd himfelf a Patron of Learning, and a ftrenuous Aflerter of Difcipline here. At the iame time, on the recoining of faife and dipt Money Ch . 4* ^ ^^^ Vmverfity 0/ Ox fo r d. 9 ^ Money condemn'd by publick Authority, and brought into the Mint by many Oxford Citizens, a great Summ thereof was, by the King's fpeci- alOrder, fent hither, as a Means for the Scho* lars to buy themfe Ives Provifions. Oliver Suttoriy Bifhop o^ Lincoln, being this^. D. 1281, Year advanced to that See, in his Vifitation of the City of Oxford, demanded an Account of the Actions and Behaviour of the Chancellor and Prodors ^ and believing, by fome Means, his Authority was flighted, relblved thereon, for the future, to deprive the Univerfity, then fituatedin Lincoln Ty\ocQk, of certain Ecclefia- ftical Rights claim'd by the Chancellor, who was wont to take Cognizance of Scholars Crimes^ belonains of Common Kitrht to the Court-Chri* ftian : But yet, thro' his Alfeaion to Learning, and being reconciled to the Chancellor, he granted, that if, at his V^ifitation at Oxford, there were any Mafters, Scholars or others, by what Name foever called of the Univerfity, found guilty of any Crimes of Eccleiiaftical Cognizance, efpecially that of Incontinency, they fhouki be referr'd to the Chancellor's Court, which was yielded by the Biiliop on this Condition, that the Names of notorious Offenders, not fubmitting to the Chancellor's Sentence, fhould be denounc d to him, whom he promis'd not to prefer afterwards, until they had made the Chancellor fufficient Amends for their Contumacy. But foon after, far greater Difputes broke out between the Univerfity and the Bifliop :, which grew to that Heighth, that the ArchbiHiop was forc'd to interpofe his Au- thority, as well as his Prayers, to keep the Peace between them, by writing to the Univer- fity to yield Reverence to their Diocefan, and to the Bp. to moderate his Claim of Right, and 8o The Antient and Trefejit State ' Part I. and to abftain from future Grievances *, in which Letters there are many things refpefting the Univerfity of Taris, and extolling ours in fuch a Manner, that they added new Repu- tation thereunto •, for fays he, Quanta ntilita- tis C^ quant (£ (It f^ei Ecclefia Anq^lican-a, quant ique honoris & q^loria genti nofrr£ fiudium Vniverfltatis Oxon. quod diverfarum Sclent iarum perfonas pro' duett eximias multiplicium vlrtutum decoratas or- natibus, vos plane noviftis^ & univerfalis Ecclejix non imorat. &c. J. D. liSg. Upon Points ot fome new Difterences arifmg this Year, between the Univerfity and City, touching certain Rights and Privileges, fome of the BurgefTes were excommunicated by the Chancellor:^ who believing themfelves injur'd by this Sentence, appeal'd to the King, to whom the Proftors of the Univerfity, with fome of the Citizens applied, refiding then at Tt^r^, and laid the Cale before him and his Council^ whereon the King wrote to the Univerfity, and determin'd the Matter, by decreeing, that Rob* Wells, and other Fellow-Citizens, under the Chancellor's Sentence of Excommunication, ihould be forthwith abfolv'd, and a temporal Punifliment inflicted on them 'for their Crimes, until the Meeting of the next Parliament •, and that all Forfeitures arifmg from ^f^r<«/-or/, &c. infringing thefaid Rights and Privileges, ihould be received by the Servants of each Body, upon their View, or by the firft Difcoverer of thefe Forfeitures, and be diftributed among the Poor of St. Johnh Hofpital •, fo that nothing do ac- crue to either of the Parties in fuit : And as to all other Difputes among them, they were to continue in the dime State, till the King and Council ihould make further Provifion touching them, commanding all Perfons fo to behave them- CIi. 4' cftheVfiiver/ityofOyi^oviTy, Si themfelves, as to adminifter unto him no juft Caufe of Complaint. The State of Learning was fb much corrup- ted by the Deliriums of the Schools, and the new and fubtJe Opinions of the Mendicants, e- ver ftudious of fliaking the Foundations of Di- vinity and found Philofbphy, which the Arch- Kdr^arhy, biihop could not correal by his late fevere Sen- tence, that Peckham now in Vifitation of Ofney Abby, refolv'd to try the Cure, as his Prede- ceflbr Kilrvarby had done, in his Speech full of Advice to the Convocation of Mafters, repro- ving their Ignorance, &c. whereby they had propagated and defended Errors very unworthy of the Univerfity, and fupported with no Ar- guments, yea rather invented for Contention lake, being the fame which his Predeceilbr had cenfur'd, and of which the Chancellor had fent him a Lift \ wherefore, by a Decree^ he con- demn'd the fame to a perpetual Silence, and confirm'd Kilwarbf^ Sent^snce. Thefe Errors for the moft part had their Rife here on the Scholars Return from Paris to take their De- A. D* 1145. grees as ufual, after Michaelmas, when the Pre- dicants and minor Friars difputed and read Le- ftures with more than ordinary Subtlety. But fcarce were thefe Propofitions condemned,which the aforefaid Fryars defended, and the Aufiin Fryars openly impugned in their Sermons, but a Dominican Doctor here, not only attempted Rich. Knap' to refift the Archbifliop*s Cenfure, but endea- ^^^*^- voured to fow 80 new Heterodox Opinions a- A. D. iz8f. mong the People, and refus'd to appear on the Archbifhop's Summons -^ who calling a Synod of Suffragans, and other orthodox Men, accord- ing to thole Times, after a publick Recital of his Herefies, by a Sentence condemned the fame, and excommunicated the Authors and G Defenders 82 The. Ant tent and Trefent State- Part I. Defenders of them : But Hugh de Aiancbefiery the Predicants Provincial, declar'd to the Arch- biihop, that none but the Pope had any Power over his Order, and {6 appealed to the Court of Romr, and protra(fled for a while thereby the Execution of the Sentence- But at laft, in J. I). 1286. a Convocation held at London, the Archbifhop upon confuiting Men of the moft confammate Wifdom, and in the higheft Stat;ions of the Church, condemn'd eight of the aforefald Arti- cles or Proportions as impious and heretical, forbidding all Perlbns to make any mention thereof, or to defend the fame even in their Scholaftick Exercifes and Determinations. Be- fides a Difference now arofe between the Scho- lars and the Jews (as before intimated) about the Exercife of Jurifdiftion over the latter, whereupon the King, on a Report hereof, made Tat. IS. £Mto him, granted unto the Chancellor of the U- I. 77J. ij. niverfity, a Power of hearing and determining all perfonal Contra<5ts and Actions whatfoever, already commenced, or to be hereafter com- menc'd nnd entred into, ordaining, That if any y^ip iliould, in any of thefe Cafes, be convift of any Fraud or hijury, the Chancellor might reduce him to Obedience, by his Ecclefiaftical Authority 5 and if he was found a Difturber of the Peace, the Chancellor might commit him to the Hands of the Conf^ableof theCaille here, as a Malefador ^ who was to be detain'd in Pri- i^on, till fuch time as he made Satisfaction to the Party offended, and had fuffer'd the Puniih^ mcnt due to his Crime. J^ D. 1Z87. There happen'd the Year enfuing fome Dif^ putes between the Scholars and Townfmen, a- bout the Violation of Privileges given unto the "Univerfity by Royal Grant •, wherefore the King, being mov'd with daily Complaints, granted Ch. 4. of the Umverfity o/O x f o r d. S') granted a Commiflion to ^ohn de Limetot and Rob. de Luttleburyj to enquire into the Caufe, and to determine this Difference, tho' what became of it afterwards, is not fo well known. But in the End of the Year 1 288. a Controver- fy of a fiercer Nature fhewed it fe If between the Biihop of Lincoln and the Matters of the Uni- verfity, who being without a Chancellor, cliofe William de Kinfcote^ a Perfon of good Abilities ^ and after their Eledion, by Proxy, they pre- fented him to the Biihop, for his Admiihon and Confirmation of the Chancellor ele£l: ; who ftiffly refus'd to admit thePrefentation, decla- ring that he would by no Means commit fo great Jurifdi£tion to a Perfon ablent and unknown to him, which not only extended to things corpo- ral, but alio to Matters merely fpiritual : On the contrary, the Mailers alledg'd, that they had, Time out of Mind, been ufed to prefent their Chancellors e led by proxy, and without appearing in their own Peribns : But the Bi- fhop difii I lowing this Plea, the Mafters, by way of Refentment, began to iuperfede all Lectures^ and during this Controverly, many Lefturers left the Univerfity, and going into the Coun- try, demean'd themfelveswith great Pride and Infolence towards the Biiliop ^ yea, they re- fus'd to appear before him out of the Precinds of Oxford : But this Difpute was afterwards adjufted, by the Mediation of fome difcreec Men in the Week before Whitfontide following ^ and upon the Biihop s Admiilion of their afore- faid Prefentation, the Mafters refuni'd their Leftures, and began to read foleninly in their Chambers the Friday in the fame Week. Ko Iboner was Rob. Wells ^ the Bailiff of North-CJare Hujidred releasd from his Excom- Inunicatlon on the foregoing Royal Mandate, G 2 but 84 T/5?f Afitient and Trefent State Part I. but he began to infult the Mafters, and to lord it over them \ firft, by denying them their an- cient Liberties and Privileges enjoyed by them in this Hundred from Time out of Mind, viz.. the Right of Cogniziince, and of judging in all and every Caufe of A^ion arifmg from Con- trails made between the Scholars and Tovvnf- men there. Secondly^ by defaming them with Lies, and by impeaching the Mafters of the U- niverfity in the King's Courts unjuftly, with Theft, Rapine, &c. which was only their fei- zing of Timber, Stone, and other Kufances ly- ing in the Streets, and therefore, by a Statute, forfeited to the Univerfity. TToirdly, by im- prifoning the common Servant of the Univerfi- ty for two Days together, in the Goal without North-GatCj and exciting all Perlons living without the faid Gate, to refill: the ancient Li- berties of the Univerfity. Fourthly^ by at- taching, with the King's Writ, the Chancellors Commiffary, and one of the Prodlors, together with fome other Maflers and Scholars, and alio many of the common Servants of the Univerfi- ty, in order to anfwer fuch Complaints, as he ihould prefer againft them in the King's Court; thefe were the Crimes for which he wa:-;, by the Means of the Mafters, removed from his Baili- wick ; and leaft that the faid Robert iliould be reftor'd to the fame,or to fome other within the City or Suburbs oi Oxford^ and thereby difturb the future Quiet of the Univerfity, through his Malice and filthy Dealings, there was a Statute or Provifion made by the common Confent of the Mafters, that in cafe the faid Robert ihould iat any Time procure fuch Reftitution in the City or Suburbs aforeiaid, they would fuper- fede all Le£l:ures mitil he was totally aiid for ^- ver remov'd and dilcharg'd. At Ch. 4' oftheUniverfttyofOyi^ov.T), 85 At a Parliament held this Year, an End was J. D. 1190. put to all the Dilputes, for {o many Years re- maining between the Unlverfity and City, ^. t6 ^'^p. touching feveral Liberties, Privileges and Cu- ^. iz- t'^'oo. ftoms, to the Satisfadion of the Univerfity 't^'^^,}/' for now the Chancellor and Scholars as well as^^^ '^j^ the Mayor, (who before had the fole Authority) had the Power granted to them of having the Cuftody ot the Peace, and of the AlTize ot Vi- suals, and alfo the Power of determininu; about Weights and Meafures. The Articles obje^ed by the BurgefTes againft the Univerfity, and confider'd in this Parliament, were eleven in Number, complaining ^r/ of the Privileges of the Univerfity, and particularly of that where- by they were forbid to arreft and imp.ifon tiny Scholars fufp(?(5ted as Male riidors. idly^ They complain'd of Regrators, Iluckfters and Fore- ftallers. 3<^/y, Of the Bail and Sureties which Townfmen were forc'd to iind on their commit- ting any Offence againft ^he Scholars, ^thly. Of the Mayor and BurgelTes Oath of Fealty to the Univerfity. 5/-%, Of the Mulds and A- merciaments, and of the Forfeitures of corrup- ted and vitiated Flefa and Fifii. 6thly^ Of thofe who enjovM the Privileges of the Univer- fit-y. nthly^ Of demifmg and letting. out of Townfmens Houfes to Scholars. Bf/j/y, Of ci- ting To'vnfmen into the Chancellor's Court, pf/j/y, Of convening Strangers, or extraneous Peribns into the faid Court inCaufes relating to Scholars, /. e. where a Scholar is one of the Parties litigant, lothly. Of the Claim of Clerks or Scholars, and their Canles from foreign. Courts made by the Chancellor of the Univer- fity. iir/.j/y. Of the Taxations of Scholars Halls or Inns. And thefe were the Points whereon the Citizens petition'd tlic Parliament, G 3 aud 86 The Antient andTrefent State Part I. and the King anl\ver*d them hereunto, in De- fence of the Univerfity, declaring the lame to have bean in PofTeilion of thefe Privileges o/jft- nid fide^ as appears from very ancient Charters and Cuftoms. J.D. lipi. The Fryars of the holy Trinity being defi- rous to fettle at Oxford^ Fdm. Plant agenet. Earl o^ CornwaJly and a great Patron of the Religious in Englaf7di at the Intreatiesof thefe and other Fryars favouring them, purchas'd of the Prior and Fryars of St. >^;7's Hofpital here, certain Tenements lying between Eafi-Gatc Weftward, and Magdalene Bridge Eaftvvard, leading to the Fields behind Men on College, and yearly ren- dring to this Hofpital, in lieu of all Dues, a Pound of Frankincenfe. Edmund pulling down thele Houfes, built a Manfion Houfe and Chap- pel, and by a Deed, the next Year, gave it to thefe- Fryars :;, and loon after. King Edward I. at Edmund^ Requefl, ratified and confirm'd to them and their SuccelTors for ever, the Grant thereof. About which Time, Menon College, and the Vicar of St. Pete/s in the Eaft, wherein this Houfe and Chappel flood, granted unto thefe Fryars to have a free Oratory, Chauntry, and a Burial Place, which the Bilhop of Lin- coln approv'd and confirm'd unto them. Then to enlarge their Bounds, they purchafed of the Mayor add Citizens of Oxford a fmall Piece of Ground, widi Buildings thereon, paying to the City 1^ s. A.d. per yinn. but this Rent being af-. terwards unpaid, WilUam dc Paris and Hen. de Leeds J were, on the Demand of the Mayor and Commonalty, obiig'd to covenant for them and dieir Succeifors, that if, for the future, this Rent, or any Part of it, Ihould be left unpaid, for the (pace of a Week after due Demand, the iVJaycr and BurgefTes might re-enter and di- {train .Ch. 4. of the Univerfity of Oxfo it d. 8 j -lira in far the fame. There was- formerly an ancient Chappel on the Korth fide of the Street v/ith'mEafi-0'ate, dedicated to the Trinity^ whiclj thele Fryars endefavoured to obtain of Si. Fri- defrvides Priory, with the Ground adjoiniilg to it,' relblving to quit their old Houfe, being too ■narrow for them, and to go thither. After a vain Attempt hereof for ibme Time, they at length obtain'd a Demife^ of an adjoining Shop, and two empty Spaces of Ground, upon an hi- .iqueft coniirm'd unto them by Ednu II. wliereby^ ^- »• k was confider'd, what Damage would accrue to him on this Conceifion ^ as they alfo bought "^ ^'^^•^' oi the City three other pieces of Ground, un- der the Town Wall, the one reaching in length from the Poftern ne^LV Smith-Gate, dppofite to Hdrt-H(dl Corner, unto a Spot belonging to Tr/- ^/fj'- Chap pel, on the Korth thereof, and granted to them for ever, by the Priory of St. Fridef- wide J and the other two lying contiguous on the South fide thereof, and reaching to a Baftion at '.the EMd of Kunceval-H^ll Court, yielding there- fore a yearly Rent of 13 s. 4.d, After thefe Purchafes, they, not able to transfer thenl- •felves according to their Defire, with a Royal Licenfe, prociir'd a Writ of Enquiry to the Sheriff, to report on the Oath of a Jury impa- nell'd, '' touching the Damage the King, or a- •■' ny other, might fafFer, by this Removal of *■' the Fryars to Trinity Chappel, within the " Gate, which they had lately purchafed by " the Ring's Leave, with other Parcels of ^' Land, c^t. there to build and dwell for ever, " &c,^\ Whether ever this Inqueft made any Report thereof, or whether the King gave leave, I know not : Yet 'tis certain, Fdrr. lU. gave th^m Leave to build and live there, on icondition tliey would make a Chauntry therein, G .\ ibc 88 The Antient and Trefent State Part I. for their Fonnders and Benefaftors ^ and here they liv'd till they were all killed by an epide- jnical Sicknefs, j4}jm 1351. when their old Houle and Chappel efcheated to the King, and their L.ands to the Lord of the Fee, for want of an Heir or Poffeflbr. On the Return of thefe Fryars afterwards to their antient Seat without the Gate, upon a Tranfplantation from Houn- 4eJlow Convent, of a new Set of them, the Mayor and BurgefTes re-entring their Houfe and Chapel, the Founder of New College bought thefe Ground-plots, unto whom the City re- mitted the aforefaid Rent, to be feen hereafter, and as thefe Men had the King's Leave to re- move, fo had they the fame to return, where they liv'd till the Diffolution of the Houfe. J p^ J2.94. I ^^^1 P^^s by the Difpute renewed this Year between the Univerfity and the Bifliop of Lin- cohi, touching the Admiifion and Confirmation Fog. JTefen- of a Chancellor to that Office, who was cho- ham, fen by the Mafters, and prefented to the Biihop by their Proftor, Peter de Mcdhurriy Doctor of Laws, in the Name of the whole Congregation, but was not admitted and confirm'd without Ibme Difficulty, the Biihop declaring, that the Chancellors were not ele^ed, but only nomi- nated by the Mafters •, and proceeded to fpeak of the riotous Behaviour of the Scholars, relbrt- ing hither in fo great numbers, that it imploy'd the whole Care of our Magiftrates to govern them ^ for though the Chancellor had punifti*d ibme with Excommunication, and others with Sulpenfion, yet their Infolence and Contumacy was fdch, that tliey would rather quit the Uni- verfity than obey his Cenfures : wherefore he wrote to the Biiliops to ail] ft him herein, who for Anfvver return'd, that it any beneficed Clerk was found in Rebellion to the Difcipline of Ch. 4. of the Univerfity of Oxford. 89 of the Univerfity, on a Denunciation of his Name, he fhould either fuffer the Pain inilifted on him by the Univerfity, or ftand deprived of all the Profits of his Living for a certain Term of Years •, and if the Offender had yet no Bene- fice, he ihould be for the future rendred unca* I pable of holding a Benefice. See the Arch- billiop of Tork and the Bifhop of VVinton^sRig. W^meheU Letters. fey, fol. 171. Upon a Grant of the Bifhop of Lincoln^ an. ^Y'^- ^-*^': \. 1230. for obferving of Proceilions and other ^'**'** '^' Solemnities at Enfljam Church near Oxford, in obedience to the Mother Church of Lincoln, m the Whitfon Week, many of the Scholars re- j^ p, \i^6, pairing thither on the fcore of jovial Doings, were alfaulted by the Country People, who kil- led Ibme, and wounded others, and forced the refl to fly back to Oxford through Fear of their Lives. But the Bifhop, on a Report hereof, excommunicated the Authors and Abettors of this Sedition, in all the Churches in OxfordjhirCy by Sound of Bells and Lighting up of Candles^ &c. excluding them even from the Chancels of Cl"iurches, and depriving them of the Society of ChrifHans, and the Benefit of ConfefTion : Which Excommunication lafled till the Feafl of St. Bartholomew following •, and what was the IfTue thereof, or what other Puniihments were inflifted, is not recorded ^ but the Scholars re- lented this fo highly, that intermitting their Leftures, they refum'd not the fame, til! the -^ Offenders had undergone the fevereft Punifli- ments. But on their re fuming their Lectures, Oliver Sutton, at their inflance, requefled the Pope s PermifHon for the Doftors and Maflers at Boniface 8. Oxford, to become Lecturers and Regents in any Univerfity whatfoever, without any farther Exa- mination ^ which Petition of the Bifliop not only ihews 9d The Antknt and Trefent Stafe Part I. iliews the Honour and great Antiquity of jthis Univerfity, but'^that the Scholars received tb^ Power of Readinp, &c. from the Pope for ma-, ny Ages before, as they did in other publick Schools of Learning. See the Petition in F. 141. Wood's jifjti€j. Nor do I doubt, but that the Pope'granted the Biihop's Pvequeft, through his .' /,. good Inclination to this Place of Study, havhig • , '^formerly given hereunto many Privileges. . ■. . 4, D. 'itgj,^ But the Conflict, which enfued the next Y,ear beCween the Scholars and Townfmen, was of far more difmal.Confequenc^vlihan the Ruflfle thle Students received a.t Effjh am : ThisConflift -^7-r i\ ".' *^^s- begun oil. the account of two Varlets of dif- ferent Countries falling together by the Ears on fome trifling Occaflon ; fome endeavouring to helpi the one, -and others the other, in refped of /theii- Countries, the Fight was transferred to their Favourers^ and the Skirmifli fo far in-*- creafed, that the Scholars and Townfmen leav- in-g their Houfe;?, came to flght it out in an open manner, and many vvere killed on both fides^ particularly one^ ^Fulk de Neyrmljljy Redor of fichelften : wher«5f a Complaint being made to the. King," he-fent his Judged to reftbre th« Peace, and'coridemti the Homicides:^ who on their coming to' Oxford^ and hearing the Mat- tec, obliged the Townfmen to pay unto the Scholars the Sum of 200 /. for the Damage they "had done thera in the Plunder of their Goods. Chon. Edit. Aild-thus far from IV-alft^Am. But Mr. Wood 1605. />. 69. gives a much 'larger Account hereof, refuting fhefalfe Ailertionsof thofe, who fay this Diffe- rence happen'd at Cambridge, an. i 26a. , and not at Oxford \ which Relation, becaufe of its Length, I rather chufe to refer to, than give it in this Place •, tho' I mufl: fubjoin, that tlie ^<>wnfmen were readily difpofed hereunto, by fe''?ri: theit Ch. 4« ^ t^^ Umverfity of Ox fo r d. 91 their Difinclination to the Chancellor's Autho- rity, and from their Averfion to maintain the Immunities of the Univerfity. Their Hoftili-* ties continued for many Days together with fuch Outrage and Fiercenels, that the Scholars were at laft compelled to leave the Place, arid fetirev But no fooner was the Bifhop o^ Lincoln aSc(:)uainted herewith, but he excommunicated the Townfmen, according to the ufual Formi, with Bell, Book, and Candle ; under which they remained from Eafier till Afcenfion Day^ thd Sentence being read every Sunday during that time,inall the Parilh Churches within the Arch- deaconry of O.v/ord/: when at length the Univer* fity aiT^ City came to an Agreement, upon tneir paying the Fine impoled on them, by the King's Judges,, and obliging themielves to yield and fubmit to all the Liberties and Privileges of the Univerfity hitherto uled, in all and every Ar- ticle ^ and on their Reftitution to the Chancel- lor, of all fuch Perfons, as had been relcued and let at liberty by the Bailiffs of the City, on their Commitment to Prifon by the Chancellor. But yet, notwithftanding thefe BloodiKeds and DiiTenfions \ aild altho' Minerva at this time? feem'd to give place to the angry God of War \ yet the next Year the fixth Book of the Decre- tals being very lately brought into the Univer- iity, the Scholars began to read the fame, 011 the Recommendation of Boniface %th not long before. And from this Pope's Letters fome have inferr'd, that Cambridge was not at this time reckon'd ariiong the Number of Univerfi- ties, for that this Book is not in his Letter re- commended to it, as it is to Paris, Oxford^ Bo- noniay and Salamanca, and many other Places ^ yet hedireded it to no other Place, under the Kame of an Univerfity ,befides the four Places or Schools 9? The Antiejit ajidTrefent State Parti. Schools of Learning juft now mentioned : But I fhall not now proceed on this Head, having al- ready given a more early and probable Begin- ning to that Univerfity. J. D. 1300. The Animofities between the Univerfity and City again reviving, King Edward fent Com- miflioners to heal their Differences *, find loon after, on the Scholars Complaint of the piiblick Ways near Oxford negleded, and of the great Filth and Kartinefs in the very Streets of the City it felf, commanded the Mayor and Bailiffs i?y a Writ fent to them fand inferted in the Jippendix) forthwith to fee that all the Lanes and Streets were repaired in their Pavements and Pitchings, for the future removing from thence all Swine-, as he alfo by Writ com- manded the Sheriff to fee, that the fame Care was taken in the Suburbs •, whereby every Townfman was obliged to mend the Way be- fore his own Door, and to remove all Nufances of Stone, Timber, Dirt, &c. Yet all thele Matters were to be done according to the Dif- cretion of the Chancellor and Proftors for mai ny Years paft, having had the chief Power here- in 5 and as oft as the Townfmen refufed to o- ^■' bey the Univerfity in refpeft of cleanfing the Streets^ recourfe was had to the King's Writs, to be met with in the 33^ and 34?/? d^ Edward the 1/, and not only levelled againft the afore- faid kind of Nufances in the Streets, but alfo a- gainft Tallow-Chandlers melting Tallow, &c. in the Streets, before their Doors, or in their Houfes, infecting the Air with noxious Smells -and Stenches, to the prejudice of Mens Healths. Edw.lW- in the %th Year of his Reign, command* ,ed the Chancellor and Mayor to fee that Clerks and Laymen, i. e. Scholars and Townfmen, did •^very third Year repair the Pavements of the Streets, Ch. 4. of the U?nverftty of Oxford* 95 Streets, Co far as each of their Houfes reached in Length ^ which Writ was afterwards re- 8 Edtv. j. peated. Of others I will not here fpeak, the' our Kings have from time to time fent a great nlany to this End, whereby we enjoy a pretty wholibm Air even to this Day. The King this Year calling a Parliament at Lincoln, with which he refolv'd to confult a- bout his Right to the Travers'd by Pope Bo- niface the 8f^, whom the Scotch had corrupted with Money : whereupon he ient for four of five of the moft able Civilians from hence, and two or three fvovc\<:ambridge -^ hut Oxford only fent two, for which fee Vrynne^s Animad- verfions on Cookers Fourth Part of his InfiituteSy Chap. 44. Pope Boniface, in Friendfliip to our Univer- ^l D. i^or. fity ( as aforeiaid ) did either in this or the foregoing Year, by his Bull, in the Appendix, ^^i^ *i"» confirm all the Royal Charters granted here- unto, exempting it from the Power of Arch- biihops, Billiops, and all ordinary Jurifdiftion ; which yet Mr. Wood thinks was obtained from Pope Boniface the gth, on his Entrance on the Popedom, anno 1389. firft, on the Students Re- flilal to acknowledge Archbiiliop Arundef^s Ju- ri(di£lion, on his attempt to viiit the Univeriity, being exempted by the Authority of a Papal Bull from Archbijfhops, Bifhops, &c. which Bull Richard the id by \A^rit commanded to be Tat. 20. R. 2. rejected, Boniface the 9th being then in the See /''J''/ 3. ?«.j2- o^ Rome ^ and for that this Exemption was more probably granted at the Scholars Requeft then living there (^as the King's Words ad infiantiam veflram feem to declare) than at the Prayers of thofe commorant in the Univerfity almoll: 100 Years before. Befides, idly, when the Deere- tijls and Civilians openly accused our Chancel- lor ^ The Antient avd'Prefe7tt State Parti. lor and Mafters, in a Convocation of the Cler-. gy held in tJie Province of Canterbury^ for ob- taining this Bull ^ they laid, that this ought to be the more refented, becaufe the Exemption was modern, and lately purchas'd. Moreover, 3<^/y, when the Scholars refused to appear at the Archbiihop's Viiitation, pretending the Autho- rity of this Bull, Pope John^ on the Archbiihop's Complaint, by a Bull dated at Rome m the id Year of his Papacy, irritated and annulled this Bull, exprefly calling of it Boniface the sith\ and order'd the Univerfity to become flibjeft to theMetropolitical Vifitfttion. Again ffays he) if Boniface the 8?^ granted this Bull, why was the Agreement made between the Univeriity and the Archdeacon, to be hereafter ihewn?, Why alfo did a Cuftom prevail after his Papa- cy, of prefenting our Chancellor to the Biihop of Lincoln for his Confirmation ? This Boniface not only granted Leave for reading the Decre- tals here (as before remembredj but alfo at this time released us from a Royal Tax, exempt- ing the Clergy from Tenths and Fifteenths, The Scholars being in diftrefs for want of Halls and hms, now in the Poffeilion of the Ci- tizens, refufmg to yield them up to them, in purfuance of antient Statutes, whereby they were forbid the future converting of their Hou- fes letten to Gownfm.en, to any other Ufe, pro- vided they bond fide paid the Yearly Rent, as tax'd by Clerks and Laymen aforefaid ^ t-he King, on Complaint hereof, by Writ com- manded the Townfmen to quit their Poffeilion of the Scholars hms, efpecially now fmce the* Students had refum'd the reading of Ledures^ and what induced the King to fee his Commands executed with more ftridnefs, was the Reforc of Scotch-men, whom he would have relide at Oxford, i Chi 4. of the Umverfity of Ox fo r d^ ^5 Oxford, left the young Nobility and Gentiy of that Nation, by a foreign Education, fhould be poifbn'd with State-hmovations ; and on his Re- turn from his Expeditions thitlier, he brought all the Scotch PriPjners to receive their Educa- tion here. And indeed fo far had the Citizens infringed our Laws and Cuftoms, that they were now fummon'd into the King's Court, and on hearing of the Caufe, were by his Command forbidden all future Violations thereof. The firft Crime charged on them was their fuffering the Number of Regrators to increafe, contrary to the late Agreement between them and the Scholars, liniiting them to one and thirty ^ which Agreement being reported to the Parlia- ment, and afterwards to the Privy Council_, the King by Writ fignified to the Mayor and ?5 Edvf. 1. Burgeffes, that he would have them abide by the fame Agreement, if according to Equity. idly. They pray'd him to prohibit the City Bai- liffs in meddling in and about the Weight and Meafure of Bread and Beer, without the Ad- vice and Confent of the Chancellor, or his Dcr puty or Deputies, according to an Ordinance of Henry the 3^, ratify 'd and coniirm'd by Ed- ward the ly?, by his Writ afore laid, exprelly commanding the Burgeffes not to meddle here- in without the foregoing Advice and Confent. ^dly. This Writ moreover commands the May- or and Citizens to aid and aifift the Chancellor, upon an Occafion, m arreftmg and imprilbning Difturbers of the publick Peace. And laftly, commanding that they would not hinder Stran- gers, and Perfons not free of the Town, from felling their Wares by Wholefale here accord- ing to Cuftom, if they did not fell by Retail within the Town. And at the fime time Let- ters or Writs were fent to the Citizens about their g6 The Antient and Trefent State Pa re X, their obferving the Privileges and Immunities, which this King; and his Predeceflbrs had grant- ed to the Univerlity, which yet were not re- garded •, for the Townfmen being enrich'd by Trade, through the vaft Number of Scholars, fortify'd themfelves in their Wealth, and not only defpifed the Students here, but alfo fhew'd Contempt and Refiftance, even to the King's Commands. >iD. 1505. The King, on a Report of the many Incon- veniencies attending the Exercifes of Jufis and Tournaments near this Place, and of the Preju- dices accruing to Scholars thereby, and alfb ha- ving freih in mind the fre^ueut Complaints made to his Predeceflbrs againft the fame in Cambrid^ejljire, and the feveral Quarrels enlu* Clauf. ;?. ing thereon, by Writ to the Sheriff prohibited £dw. I. w.z. thefe Sports; with a Defign, as fome think, to fecure himfelf againft evil Confpiracies hatch*d atthefe and other celebrated Games, command- ing the Chancellor and BurgefTes here to fortify the Town- Walls, and to ihut up their Poftern Gates, which till now were without Doors \ for that (as he faid) Men of bad Fame lurk'd in the Suburbs^ and were fometimes received into the City. 1507. And now coming to the End of King Edward the i/'s Reign, I fliall iliew a Reafon, why- Learning made no greater Advancement thro* this Prince's known Affeftion thereunto •, who was {6 far difpleas'd at the Papal Provijions of Ecclefiaftical Livings and Dignities conferr'd on Foreigners, that out of a pious Care fot Religion and Learning he apply'd to Pope Cle- ment the <^th, for a fpeedy Remedy hereby ^ and againft thefe ill Pr^^tices were the Statute's of Provifers made, to prevent the entire Dimi- nution of the Number of Students here, at the. Clofe Ch. < . of the Univerfity 0/ Oxford. 97 Clofe o^ Henry the 3^'s Reign, amounting to thirty thoufand ^ and tho' the Decreafe hereof may be in Ibme meafure imputed to the Plague then more frequent here than fince, and alio to the Fryars enticing away young Scholars into their Societies ^ yet moft Writers of that Age chiefly afcribe this ill State of Learning to the Papal ProvtfiofjSy i. e. the Grants of Benefices not yet void to Strangers. To confirm the Truth of the foregoing Number of Scholars here at the End of the late, and Beginning of this Reign, Mr. Wood fiys ^ Firft, That the Number of Halls and Inns here, whereof he had leen a Lift of their Names and Situations, were above 300. iMy, That there were no lefs than Ten Religious Houfes then in Oxford, wherein Scholars dwelt, ■^dly, That the Num- ber of Viftualling Houfes, wherein Scholars lived, was great ^ as was that of Cottages in the Suburbs, and of Houfes on the City Walls and Gates. 4thly,- He remembers the fiouriihing Trade of the Citizens from the feveral Parts of the Town ailign'd them to vend their Commo- dities, as the Drapery, the Cordwainery, the Fletcheryy Cotelary, &c. Places now only known to us by Name, 'sthly. The great Refort of Students from all Parts of £^roj5(?, repairing hi- ther on the Score of Literature, as Welch, Scotch, Jrijhy French, Italians, Spaniards, Bohemians, Polonians, &c. and becaufe the Chancellor was not able of himfelf to intend the Government of them, befides his CommifTary he was wont to depute, for his AiTiftance, in hearing the Cau- ses arifing from fuch a Concourfe of Men, a Peribn called the Hcbdomodal Judge, or Arbiter, much like to the prefect AiTelTor in Power. The next Year Y^n-% Edward 11. to damon- ftrate an early Care of the Univerfity, during H Pk.^' 9 8 The Antient a7td Trefent State Parti. rienfurc granted, that it fliould be lawful for the Chancellor to convene any Citizen before him, notwithftanding any Prohibition of his to the contrary •, and at the fame time, another Writ was fent to the Sherilf, Mayor and Bailiffs, ftriftly commanding them to affiftthe Chan- cellor in the Execution of his Office, and in no wife to infringe the Privileges granted by him or his Predeceifors to this Univerfity. The Year 1310. fupplies us with nothing, befides the Increafe of the Number of Regrators now in Oxford^ exceeding a Hundred, contrary to the aforefaid Agreement, which was made for the mutual Advantage of Scholars and Town (men dwelling here^ the Chancellor and Mafters hereupon impeached theTownfmen be- fore the King, and lb far prevailed in their Suit, that he determined the Matter by two Writs, the one dated May i/\th, and the other Septem- her 16th : The Tenor of the la ft runs thus, ipeaking to the Burgefles, viz,. F'obis igitur niAndamus^ ficut alias mandavimus , ffjuod Ji it a ejty turic id cpiod per vos contra ordinationem pne'- diElamy ad damnum pradiclorum Cancellarii C^ Scholar ium, & aliorum in villa inhabit ant ium Cfr confluentium ad eandem^ cfi viinits rite attentatum in hac parte, facialis fine dilatione ernendari^ dum tamen per hoc nobis nullatenks pnejudicetur^ vel caufim nobis JianificetiSy ^uare mandate nofiro pra-' di^o alias inde direSlo minimi paruifiis. JiT) I MX. '^^9 Dominican Fryars here at Oxford refufing to undergo any other Examination than that of their own .Order, began this Year to cavil at fome of our Statutes made (as they laidj in Fraud and Prejudice of their Society ^ whereby they came to fuch a Rupture with the Scholars, that the fame was the next Year carried to the Court Q^Rome : Firflj complaining of a Statute made Ch. 4 . cf the Umverftty of Oxford. 99 made 60 Years before, againft Perfbns being In- ceptors in Divinity, until they had been Regentb in Arts ; whereunto they were admitted only by the previous Conlent of the Chancellor and Ma- ilers, every Mafter having a Negative Voice herein as to the Grace fued for : And this, they j[aid, was an hijury to them, in that they be- came Regulars even in rheir moft tender Years, and thereby rendred themlelves uncapable of this Regency, as contrary to the Inftitution of their Order, idly^ Impeaching a Statute touch- ing rir/p^r/ performed by hiceptors in Divinity at St. Marfs Church :, but antiently celebrated by thefe Fryars in their own Houfe, as they were by others formerly in the Schools,. They more- over complained of the Sermons, preached for the Degree of a Batchelor in Divinity, and now transferr'd from their Houfe and Schools to the laid Church \ the antient and approved Cu- ftoms of the Univerfity being hereby loft, which every one at the taking a Degree was fworn to obferve : And further, that this Place of the Mafters Appointment was not lb well adapted for Sermons and Difputations, as* their own Houfe, being remote fi'om all Noife and Diftur- bance ^ and that the Univerfity had not Power to make this Alteration. 3^/y, They condemned a Statute, impowering Batchelors in Divinity alone to read on the Bible in the Univerfity, as a prepofterous Way of Study for them to ex- plain the holy Scriptures in the moft diificult Parts, without knowing the Elements of Divi- nity -^ it being not of that difficulty to read on the Bible, as on the Sentences -^ and therefore ill done to lefTen the Number of Expounders on the one to increafe the Number of the other, contrary to the Cuftom at Paris, where the Stu- dents expounded twice on the Bible, before H 2 they ICO The Antient and Trefent State Parti. they proceeded to the Sentences. 4?«/>, They blamed a Statute made about nine Years be- fore, requiring the Conlent of the a£lual Re- gent and the Majority of the Kon-Regent Ma- kers, for the Confirmation of any Law or Sta- tute made ; So that when the Statutes were made about expounding as aforefaid, and tranf- ferring Difputations, only the actual Regents, with part of the Non-Regents, and one Phyfi- cian, gave any Vote thereunto ^ the adual Re- gents in Divinity, Canon and Civil Law all diH- fenting •, yet the Divines ever fubmitted to thefe and other Statutes, '^thly^ They difal- lowed a Statute obliging every Graduate firft of till to fwearto the Obfervance of the Laws and Cuftoms of the Univerfity, the Impofition of this Oath being prejudicial to them, efpecially at this Seafon \ the Oath forbidding them the Confultation of Lawyers, and frightening Scho- Jars from their Converfe, left contrary to their Academical Oath, they iliould too much fa- vour the Fryars. Year, whereby the Cuftody of the Aflize of ^l' Bread and Beer, in the City and Suburbs ofOAr- ford.y was taken away from Rich. d'Amory^ (to II Edw. 1. whom it had been given) and committed to the Chancellor and Mayor, on the Payment of i oo Shillings to the King's Exchequer. J. D. I iz'j. There now arofe a Difpute between the Uni- verfity Ch. 4. of the Un'iverfity of Oxford. 109 veriity and Archdeacon of Oxford, on a Claim of Eccleiiaftical Cognizance ^ the CoJleO:ors of the Archdeacon's Revenues averring the fame to have been in the Archdeacon's Predeceflbrs Time immemorial, even in Caufes where Scho- lars were Parties •, vvhich was as ftrenuoully de- nied by the Chancellor and Mafters : And af- ter many vain Attempts againft the Univerfity, the Archdeacon, then a-broad, on a Tranfmif- iion of thefe Grievances to him, laid them be- fore the Pope for his Decifion. Whereupon a Papal Bull was emitted to Walter, Archbifhop of Canterbury, commanding him to cite the Chancellor, Proftors, and certain Mafters, to appear at the Court of Rome within fixty Days from the Date thereof, who, on its immediate Receipt, order'd the Abbots of O/;/^' and Rew ley to execute the lame, according to the Form thereof, by a Publication of it in the Univerfi- ty. The king, on the Chancellors Applica- tion, wrote to the Pope, and in Commifera- tion to the low Eftate of the Univerfity, pray- ed him to name Delegates, or Arbitrators, for the Decifion of this Caufe in England • and af- terwards, by Letters to the Archdeacon, he j^ij,jppg„^'jjf^ prevail d on him to recall his Caufe from the^'. xxxiii. laid Court ^ which the Arbitrators hereunto chofen determin'd anno 1330. at which Time the Univerfity, by certain Articles exhibited, did declare the Rights of the Chancellor, in all Caufes of Fornication, Adultery, &c. with an Allowance of fome |urifdidion to the Archdea- con •, the firft Article being this, viz.. She V- niverfitas, five Archtdlaconus ontediElus, pr^vemat in corrigenda fuper lapfu carnis ReEhores, Vicarios, ac Capellanos parochiales infra Villam Oxon. C^ Suburbium bencficiatos CT- miniftrantes ac familiar res eorundem, fi fiudentes fucrint^ qui diB^o modo no The Antietit and Trefent State Part I. prtevenerit, habeat in hujufmodi pcrfonis correElio' nem ilia vice ; which in EngV^i was a kind of Concurrency in |urifdi£lion, and no more. >1D. 1527. On K. Edward llld's AccelTion to his Father"'s Crown, who was deposed by his Subjeds, many Privileges were granted by him to the Univer- pat I Eda i.fity, and all the ancient Charters confirmed im- f. I. W.8. mediately by way oi^ Infpeximus, and particu- larly the Charter of King Edw. I. given in the Year 1 3 1 5. and ratifying all the Grants o^ Hen- ry III. as already remembred. And he more- over confirm'd a Compofition, or Agreement, made between the Scholars and Townfmen, by the Authority of K. Edw. I. as alfo this King's Tat.i. Edrf.y. Letters Patents, fent to the Bailitfs and others, $.1. OT. 2,5. to whom thefe Matters appertain'd, concern- ing the Protettion of the Chancellor and Scho- lars, and alio of their Goods and Se'wants, a- gainft all Injuries and Violences whatfoever. By thefe and other Grants hereafter taken No- tice of, K. Edward fliew'd luch a grateful Senfe of his Education here, under the Tuition of Walter Bur ley y that he deferves to be preferr'd before all his Predeceffors, on the Account of his Patronage, and many Liberalities conferred llI^^. £ III. now join'd them together conditionally herein •, for uporx the Mayor's Non-Compliance herewith, the Chancellor alone was to have theCuftodyof the faidAiTize^ and whereas, by a Grant, the Al- dermen did, twice a Year, hold a Court-Leet in their Wards, or Aldermanries, they now, by virtue of this Leet, excluded the Chancel- lor from the Cuftody aforefaid, tho' he paid a Moiety of the five Pounds therefore ^ and here- upon Ch. 4. of the TJniverJlty tf Oxford. hi upon was this new Charter given, whereby it was order'd, that tho' the Chancellor and May- or were alfb equally to have the Cuftody of the Ailize of Weights and Meafures, yet, if the Mayor was defective in his Duty, the faid Pow- er Ihould devolve to the Chancellor. The Ci- tizens hereupon believing their Jurifdiftion to be much Lmpair'd by thefe new Grants, applied to the King by way of Complaint, who, by^^^^f-^'^^'^* two Writs, commanded the Chancellor and^* "'• ^5* Mayor to attend him and his Council, at Tork^ with the Charters and Muniments of both Cor- porations, for the better ending of this Contro verfv, which he afterwards order'd to be heard and difcuiTed at Woodfiock ^ and by his Writ to Le Scroop y Chief- Juftice of EngLmd, then fit- ting at Torky he forbid him the Cognifance of Caufes between Scholars ^ and loon after this Matter was argued and adjudged at Woodflock, in favour of the Univerfity, tho' fome lay that this Affair was afterwards debated at WalUng- ford and London. Soon after, the King lent a-Pj/.n. E^w, nother Writ, to explain unto the Chancellor >• h ?• ^'• and Mayor, the Manner and Form of keeping this Ailize of Bread and Beer ^ and the Method of puniihing Bakers and Brewers for non-obfer- ving this Aifize^ and that if the Chancellor was wanting in his Duty about thele Affays to be made of Bread and Beer, the Mayor ihould fupply fuch Defe^l \ and if the Mayor was wanting on his Part, then the Chancellor might exercile the Power \ yet each of the Perfons was to give the other a due Premonition of their Purpofe in this Matter, &c. And on the Ac- count of this Writ and another which follows, touching the killing of great Bealls, there was celebrated in the Mayor's Houfe, what we call Dies Amoris, whereunto all the Scholars and Townfmen 1 1 2 The Antient and Trefent State Part I. Townfmen were invited. And on the 29th of July following, the King fent another Writ to the Chancellor, to continue in Force for three Years, touching the Arreft of Perfons excom- municated, after the fame manner as has been ufed and pradis'd on the Signification and De- nunciation of Bifhops •, which Writ was fent at the Petition o^'^obert Bifhop o^Chichefler, then Chancellor of the Univerfity of Oxford. The King moreover, being defirous to take Care of the Scholars Health, (as already obferved) order'd a publick Proclamation to be made a- gainft the Butchers killing of Cattle within the Walls of Oxford, on Complaint that many Oxen, Cows, Sheep, Calves, &c. were daily flaughter'd within the fame : And alfo againft the laying of Dirt, Filth, and other Nufances, in the Streets and Lanes hereof, whereby the Air became fo infefted, that many of the No- bility declined coming hither ^ and the Scho- lars, Townfmen and others, living here, being thereby affected, died thereof^ and he com- C/tftt/". It. manded the Chancellor, Mayor, and Warden Edw. 5. p. 5. ofMerton College, to fee thefe his Writs put ^' in Execution : But the Mayor and Burgeifes, by way of Complaint, fignified to him, that Lih.de Plac. there had been a Place afligned Time out of Coron. in Mind for the Butchers to kill their Cattle in, fof^ioe'^'^^' ^"^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ Meat, rented of the King him- ' lelf, at the rate of 100 Shillings /jtr am. in Farm of the faid Town, and that the faid Butchers had exercis'd their Trade therein. Time im- memorial, without Interruption, and that no other Place could be ailign'd them for this Pur- pofe, without Diminution of the aforefaid Farm. Soon after, on a Report made to the King, of the Difobedience ihewn to his former Com- mands, Ch. 4. (fthe Univerjity of Oxford. iij mands, he ifllied out another Writ to the Chan- cellor, and laid Warden, commanding them forthwith jointly to •"Tee that the faid Nufances were immediately remov'd •, and on the fame Day, by a Writ to the Sheriff, order'd him to make Proclamation for this Eiid, notwithftand- ing any Pretence of the Townfmen giving Op- pofition thereunto by their Anfwer, (as afore- faid) touching the ufual Place for killing of Cattle: But this not having its due Effe£t, the King, by another Writ, o^ the \'&th oi February this Year, commanded the Chancellor, Mayor, &c. to punifh whomlbever they found contra- vening his Royal Orders , according to the Quantity and Quality of their Offence, by a Fiue or otherwile : Yet the Butchers would not fubmit hereunto, till they were forc*d to remove into Lomhardftreet, afterwards call'd SUyittg' lane, on the Increafe of Difeafes here, and on the difperfmg of the Scholars into the Country. What occurs further remarkable this Year, is the King's Quinquennial Commiilion for Paving and taking Care of the Streets, whereby he im- powers the Chancellor and Mayor to diftrain Clerks as well as Laymen, and to compel them hereunto. Befides other Privileges granted to the Uni- verfity and City o^ Oxford, in the Year 1331. the King order'd that Wine fhould not be foldPJ^ 5. Ha. dearer in the City and Suburbs hereof than in^ ^- "'*^- ^- ^ London, faving a Half-peny a Quart, having,^" gj _^^' '*• Dec. 20. on the Requeft of his Privy-Council, granted the fame thing ; adding hereunto, that • the Chancellor fhould have Cognizance of Pleas in all perfbnal Contra(5ts, and touching things 'moveable, where one ot the Parties was a Scho- lar, notwithftanding any Royal Prohibition to the contrary, unlefs the faid Prohibition ihall 1 expreily 114 The Antient md 'Vrefent State Pa rt I. exprefly mention this Grant ^ and that the Chancellor and Mayor might for the three Years next eniuing, compel both Clerks and Laymen to repair the Paving and Pitching of the Streets before their Houfes, and on the Mayor's ISJon-Compliance herewith , the Chancellor Hiould have Power of himfelf to fee this Order fulftli'd : But in all Writs jointly tranfmitted to the Chancellor and Mayor, after the great Conflift, this Claufe or Provision was wont to beinferted, viz,. That the Mayor of the City did not intermeddle in any Matter folely rela- ting to the Cognizance of the Chancellor, which in Refcripts before was omitted. In recounting the Sufferings of this Place from our domeftick Broils ^ the Scholar's Re- cefs this Year to Stamford in Lincohjhire, on a Pretence of certain Animofities ariiing among themfelves, mav be reckon'd none of the leaft Misfortunes, whereby Merliri's ancient Predi- £Hon was fulfilled, according to the enfuing Verfes, viz., DoUrina fiudium ubi nunc viget ad vada Bounty ^Tem^ore venture celehrahitur ad vada Saxi* Camhden and TwynCy without affigning any Time, do afcribe this ReceG to the Fate of the Northern Scholars, who, fubdued by thole of the Southern Parts, went to Stamford and flu- died there. Rich. White of Bajingfioke, with whom Lo7idinenfis agrees, fays. That the Uni- verfity o^ Cambridge being infeded with Pelagl- anifm, went to Caerleon in Wales, and there e- refted anUniverfity for about looPhilofophers, who afterwards came to Stamford, and Ipread the tierefy there, which, through its Novelty, was io prevailinSj that it brought thither many Oxford Ch. 4. of the Univerfity of Oxford. 115 Oxford Students ^ and tho' the Univerfity Re- cords lupport neither of thefe Opinions, yec doubtiefs there were now Ibme Feuds among the Scholars, as appears from the Complaint of the Church of Durham againft Merton College, refufing to chufe Northern Scholars hereinto on a Parity of Right with the Southern Men. Thefe Differences (according to others^ arofe fj'omfbme Statutes now made about Servants, Workmen, &c. and grew to fuch a Height, that the King, on Notice hereof, fent Com- „ ^ p . miifioners to Oxford^ to end the fame ^ and at \^^' ^' ^^* • the fame Time, by a Writ to the Chancellor, Proftors, Matters, and Scholars, commanded a Submiffion to their Sentence, whatfoever it was, which Decifion, for the prefent, quieted thefe Difturbances. But foon after there happened a Rupture again, by the Means of fome unlawful Meetings, wherein were committed all the Afts of Violence imaginable, as Plunder, Murder, and Mayhem, &c. But whoever thefe Rioters were, whether Scholars or Townfmen, the King, on Knowledge hereof, impower'd Per- Ions to go to Oxford^ and, by a Jury, to enquire into the Matter, and to punifh the Aggreflbrs, and their Abettors, according to the Laws of England ', yet what became of this Affair after- wards I know not. But the King, by two Writs to the Chancellor, forbad the Scholars and their Servants, to carry or keep Arms in their Houfes •, and in another Writ, fent three Days after, he rebuk'd the Chancellor and Prodors, for their Negleft in puniihing thefe Offenders- And tha fame Day three Writs were lent to the p.t/. izz/sp. Mayor and Bailiffs •, the firft forbidding them »?. io, to wear Arms ^ the fecond commanding them to caufe Proclamation to be made againft clan- deftine Meetings in breach of the Peace ^ and I 2 the 1 1 6 The Antie7it and Trefent State Part I. the third ordering them, at the Chancellor's and Pro£tor"s Requeft, to arreft all Malefaftors * wbomfoever : For this End alfb were Writs if- fucd to the Sheriff o^ Oxford cind Berkjlnre^ this Office being now executed in one Peribn fot both Counties •, and hereupon the Troubles at Oxford were for a while appealed. The Scholars continued at Stamford for feve- ral Months, difputing and reading Leftures to the neighbouring Youth ^ but, at length, the Univerfity, leaft this antient Suream of Learn- ing fliould be dried up, befougnt the King to abolifh and annul this new School or Seminary, by compelling the Students to return to their ancient Mother, the Univerfity of Oxford .- C/ir«/: 8. E^jp. Hereupon, by a Writhe ordered the Mayor 5. M, 17. j^j^^ Bayliffs oi" Oxford, by their Crier, to make Proclamation, That it was his Royal Will and Pleafure, That all Mafters and Scholars, doing Scholaftick Exerciles at Stamford^ fhould return to Oxford, under Pain of Confifcation of Goods,- for that he would not fuffer Vnlverfties to be held in any other Parts than in thofe where they'now are fettled \ and at the fame time iffued a Writ to the Shen^ oi Lincoln, with an Order to him to publifli this his Pleafure throughout his Baili- wick. But the Scholars not returning hereon, the Sheriff, by the King's Command, went to Stamford, and there, by Proclamation, confif- cated the Goods of the Scholars not returning by a Time prefixed ; yet notwithftanding this, fome few remained at Stamford for a Year almoft after, in the Study of the liberal Arts, and therein informing their Auditors \ which the Oxford Scholars very much refented ; and if a timely Remedy had not been given, their Num- ber at Stamford would have increas'd ^ ib that renewing their Complaints, the King wrote to William Ch. 4. of the TJniverfity 0/ Oxford. 117 William Trujfcll, and the Sheriff of L/wc^/;;, to ^•^^- 9- Eire. extirpate the faid Scholars, and to continue^' '■- ^* ■'■• there, till they had quitted the Town. Yet this did not avail, for no fboner were they gone, but the Students return'd thither again, at the Inftance of the Townfmen, and kept up their old Difcipline for many Months : But the King, to effeO: his Purpofe, impowerM Perfons to collect theie Scholars Names, and to tranf- mit them to him, and alfb to feize their Goods and confifcate the fame : And to this end was an Inquifition made at Stamford^ in the Prefence of the faid Perfons, by a jury •, and on a Return of tli^ir Names, who obftinately remain'd at Stamford, in the Exercifes of the Schools, a- bout 40 of them were punifh'd with Lofs of Goods and Imprifonment. And to prevent the like future Recefs, a Statute was made, obli- ging every Candidate for a Degree, (among o- ther thingsj to fwear never to read, or hear a Jleader there as an Vniverfity, having had the Reputation of 2l general Sttidy, long eVe Edward the 3d's Interdiftion, as appears from our Re- gifters, and from a Book of || IVljct clefs, who^ II Lih.dedjf- from a Student at Oxford, went and read as a '^'/'^- S^^^^^-i Regent there for 25 Years before this « ' kind, among the Logicians ^ dividing themfelves into Sefts, call'd in L^tn Nominales and Rcales : And iisOchm was the Founder" of the firft, lb was Duns Scotus the Patron of the other ^ yet ibme fay, that Peter aAheUrd was the Chief and Author of the Nominal ifis. This Diverfi- ty of Opinions ariling between two Fellows of i^(?rf<3;7 College, foonfpreadic fe If throughout the Univerfity, and kindled new Divifions be- tween the Northern Men, adhering to the Real- I 4 ipf 1 20 The Antient and Trefent State Part I. j/?j, and tlie Southern to the 1evonjlnre, Somerfetjhire, Glocefierjhire, Oxfordjlure, and to to London, and from thence foon after fpread- ing it felf throughout the Kingdom, it cut off the Tenth Part of the Inhabitants. Our Ox- ford Aftronomers are faid to have foretold this Diftemper fbme Years before by certain Con- jeftures taken from a total Eclipfe of the Moon, and from the Conjundion of the three fuperior Planets, Anno 1345. And thus far of this fad Difeafe is fufficient ; therefore I fliall leave this Subject, and proceed to fpeak of the Choice A. D. liSo o^ William de Palmorna to be Chancellor of the Univerfity, who being chofen by the Convoca- tion, was prefented to John Buckingham Bifhop of Lincoln, for his Confirmation of this Election, who by frequent Procraftinations deferr'd the fame fo long, that Archbiihop I/lip, at the Do^- ftors and Matters Requeft, wrote to him, ei- ther to confirm the Ele£lion within fix Days, or to fhew Caufe why he did not : but the Bi- fhop relying on his Privilege purchased ot" Pop^ Clement, refufed Obedience hereunto : Where- upon Ch. 4. 0/ the Univerfity of Ox for d. 125 upon the Archbifhop believing the Matter de- Reg. JJIep. volv'd to himfelf, fent John de Carleton, Doftor M ^o, ^e. of Law, to confirm the Eieftion aforefaid, at the time appointed for the Bifhop's expefted Confirmation thereof ^ and then feverely cen- furing the Biihop's Contumacy, he refcinded all the Biihop's Privileges, whereby he claim'd Exemption from Archiepifcopal Jurifdiftion, as M. of Canterbury and (jodwin relate the Matter. The Univerfity was now as little famous for M D. ijjz^ Learning, as'it was for its Number of Students, which was fo far diminiih'd in this refpeft, that the fourth Part of the Scholars did not fiarvive the late Sicknefs \ whereupon it happen'd that many of the Townfmen liv'd in their Halls, and that thefe, and the religious Houfes in and about the City, did not yield above half their Rents. Upon the Return of the Scholars hither after AD. 13 s?- the Plague, the King confirmed many of the Privileges aHd Immunities of the Univerfity ^^'^^' ^7- ■^»'* and in particular, that the Chancellor fhould ^' '"f^^ /'" have the Conlervation ot all the Rights of the ^. \^ „\'-j' fame, and a Power to execute the Laws there- of, any wife tending to the Benefit of the Uni- verfity, and be alfb authorized to hear and de- termine the Caufes of Delinquents, and on oc- cafion to banifh iUch Perfons ^ which the May- or and Bailiffs lately oppofed, to whom the King fent a Writ, commanding them not to hinder the Chancellor in the Exercife of his antient Jurifdiftion, in refpeft of Scholars and Townfmen. Edward the ^d, in the 'Sth Year of JP^r. 8. Edw. his Reign, tranfmitted a Charter almoft in the ?• t-^' '"■*^* fame Form with that in the firft of his Reign to the Sheriff of Oxford and Berks, hereby ordain- ing the Mayor and Bailiffs to caufe Proclamation to be made againft all unlawful Conventicles and 1 2(5 The Antient and Trefent State Part I. and Afiemb lies of Scholars and others mOxford ; and from hence having an Opportunity of lord- ing it over the Citizens, as they thought, John Bereford, a Burgefs at this time of famous memory, purchas'd another Charter fubfcrib'd by the King and Council, whereas the firft was only fublcrib'd by the King himfelf, praying this additional Claufe, viz,. Nolumus quod aliquis vefirum (innuendo civium) occajione arrefiationisy captionis feu detentionis malefailorum pradi^orum pro di^£ pads noflrA confervatione rationabiliter ftzEharum coram Cancellario IJniverjitatis Oxon. vel ejus Commijfario trahatur in placitum futurum, nee cccajionctur in aliquo vel gravetur, 'Q^c. whereby the BurgefTes had a iliare in the Watch and Ward, and alfo the CaVe of Hue and Cry, &c, (antiently given to the Univerfity) now granted to them \ and wou'd hereby imprifon Delin- quents \ and were not bound to releale them on the Chancellor's Demand ; and by thefe Grants being willing to have the entire Government of the City in themfelves, and the Scholars not confenting thereunto, all things feem'd to tend to a Rupture, and by their mutual Animofities they brought on the enfuing bloody Conflict between them • which I fliall give at large. ^. D. IM4. ^" ^'^ Feaft of St. Scholafiica the Virgin, le- veral Scholars going to a Tavern then called Swyndlefiocky and in Ibme modern Deeds Swyn- fiock (but lately known by the Name of the Mermaid^ at Cairfax, and being ferv'd with bad Wine, order'd the Vintner to change the fame for better, and for his fawcy Language they broke his Head with the Flagon \ who thereon went and laid the Matter of his Grief before his Servants and fome of his Neighbours, among whom were Rich. Forejler, Rob. Lardiner, and ^chn Bereford^ the Landlord of the Houfe by a C'ity Ch. 4. (f the Univerjity ^Oxford. 127 City Leafe, who having aifiduoufly waited an Occafion of quarrelling with the Students, and now believing they had a fair one in their Hands, infimediately aJTembled the Townfmen at St. Martins Church by ringipg out the City Eell, and in a hoftile manner attacked the de- fencelels Scholars in the Streets, and even the Chancellor himlelf, in his Endeavours to quiec this Tumult J but the Scholars feeing them- ielves in danger, met arm'd at St. Mary's Church on the ringing out of a Bell at thfe Chancellor's Command, and defended them- felves till Night parted them, without any Mifchief done on either fide. The next Morn- ing being Wednefday, the Chancellor order'd Proclamation to be made in the King's Name, both at St. Marfs and Cairfax, againft the Scho- lars and Townfmens wearing Arms, and at- tempting any thing in breach of the publicfc Peace ^ the Scholars in obedience hereunto laid down their Arms, but the Townfmen by the Incouragement of the Bailiffs, and being ftill warm with Yefterday's Madnefs, put themfelves into a readinefs to engage the Scholars on the Sound of the aforefaid Signal \ and going to the Aufiin Schools, affaulted a Doftor in Divi- nity in his Determinations, together with his Auditory, and then by the means of an Ambuf- cade of 80 Perfbns plac'd in St. Giles's Church, they furrounded the Students in the Fields cal- led the Beaumonts, and fbon put them to flight, being without Arms, Ibme getting into the j4u- fiin Convent, and others into the City, with the Lofs of one flain, and others milerably wounded. Hereupon all things were again in confufion, and on the aforefaid Signal given, both Sides ran again to Arms, and the Students being e- qual 1 28 The Antlefit and Trejent State Part I. qual to the Townfmen in Courage, tho* not in Kumber, fuftain'd the adverfe Shock with great Bravery till the Time of their f^efpers, when about 2000 of the Country People, invited hereunto by Money and other Sollicitations, broke open the Weft Gate of the City ('for the Scholars had Ihut up moft of the Gates againft them) and thereby entring, came in aid of the Enemy, and wholly pofTefs'd themlelvesof the City *, which put the Scholars into fuch a Pa- nick, that they inftantly fled to their Halls, whither the Townlmen haftened, and this Day deftroy'd five of thofe Houfes with Fire and Sword, killing and wounding all the Scholars they found in the Streets, and deftroying their Provifions, &c. But at laft, Night put a ftop to their Rage ^ and the next Morning a Procla- mation was renew'd in the King's Name againft offering any Violence to the Scholars Perlbns or Goods, when the Chancellor and other prin- cipal Men were Himmon'd to attend the King then at Woodfiock. But at the Sun-rifmg the* Townfmen met again armed, and let on the Scholars, who without Refiftance betook them- felves to their Hoftels, which they breaking open, killed and wounded all the Scholars they found therein, throwing their Bodies into Pri- vies, and fome they buried, and others had no Burial at all : and among them, in Hatred of the Sacerdotal Order, they treated the Clergy in the moft inhuman manner, deftroying all the Religious Crofles in the Town, and this Day burning and robbing 1 4 more of their Hoftels. Meg. Merton, The Blftiop of Lincoh, after this Riot was ?• 51, Ji. ended, upon Knowledge thereof given to him by the Heads of the Univerfity, inhibited the Clergy from adminiftring to any Townfmen, and order'd this Interdift to be lolemnly pub- Hlh'd Ch. 4. of the Univerfity 0/ Ox fo r d. 129 lifh'd every Sunday and Holiday : And the King being made acquainted herewith, com- manded all Sheriffs, Mayors and Bailiffs in the Realm to give Proteftion to all Scholars lately driven from Oxford by the Dilbrder there ^ and feizing on the Liberties of the City by his Judges fent thither, he granted the greater pare of them to the Univerfity, which it enjoys to this very Day. However, for a time the Uni- verfity was in a manner diffolved, and all the Scholars, befides thofe of Mcrton College ^ going to their Relations and Friends in the Country, continu'd there for a Year or two. Upon the King's Judges coming hither, the Scholars and^ ^^ j^.^^ Townfmen were indicted, and the aforefaid Lardiner^ Vorefier^ and Bcreford imprilbn'd, as was alfo the Sheriff of the County, for not af- fifting the Chancellor according to his Duty ; and on the Chancellor's Removal from his Of- fice, John Laundcls fucceeded. The former Mayor and Bailiffs being by the King's Order committed to the Tower, John de St. Frldef- wide was chofen Mayor, and William Somerford and Hugh de Yeftele, alias Eyfley, eleded Bailiffs for the remaining Part of the Year. On their Names being returned to the King, Attorneys were difpatched to Court to fue his Majefty's Pardon for the fiid Riot, whither the Univerfity at the fame time fent their Advocates to Ibllicit a Determination hereof: whereupon on a Sum- mons, each Side fent Advocates to London, where- by the Univerfity wholly refign'd up her felf and her Privileges into the King's Hands •, and then the.Townfmen alfo produc'd their Refignation, yielding up all their Liberties and Privileges, their Perfons and Goods, moveable and immove- able, and all their Gilds and Societies whatfo- Cver, general and fpecial ^ and entirely fub- K mittei 130 The Antient andVrefent State Part I. mltted all their Rights and Privileges to the King's Dirpoial \ and this rhey did (as acknow- ledg'd in the Form oftheir Surrender) " becaufe '* if they were proceeded againft iblemnly, and ** by any other Courfe of Law, the Examina-* *' tion of their Caufe wou'd tend to their great- ** er Confufion and Puni/hment, &c. Thele Surrenders were made on the Wednefday next John Arch- after the Feaft of St. T)unflan the Biihop, in the bifhop of Prefence of the Lord Chancellor and Treafurer wu'iwt de ^^ England, and all the Judges, in the Council- Edingtciu Chamber by the Exchequer at Weftminfier, both Parties befeeching the I^ing to accept of the fame, who order'd them to be put into the Ma- iler of the Rolls Hands, till he ihou'd on due Advice accept or reject them •, which he three Days after accepted, and pardon'd all the Scho- lars Offences in this or any other former Tumult committed (as his Letters ftill extant bear wit- nefs^ by a Proclamation encouraging the Scho- lars Return to Oxford. And as to the Townf- men, who were now under Excommunication, at the Interce/Tion of many of the Nobility and chief of the Univerfity, the King with his Council, on hearing the Allegations of both lides decreed, viz,. That all the Townfmen im- prilbn'd (except the afore faid B ere ford and Lor diner) fliou'd pay the Sum of 250/. be- fides the Reftitution of their Goods to the Mafters and Scholars, as an Amends for Injuries done them (T>eath and Mayhem excepted) and this Summ to be paid by St. James-T'xde then next enfuing, or elfe to find good Bail for the Payment thereof, at certain Terms to be agreed on between the Parties : And hereupon Bereford and Lardiner v^ere to be releafed from Prifon, on the Bail of the Mayor and Bailiffs for their Appearance at the next Aflizes ; or elfe the- Bodie:^ Ch. i 4. qftbe Univerfity 0^ Ox fo r d. 151 Bodies afore faid to be remanded to Goal with- in three Days after the Feaft of St. Peter ad P'incuU, and there to remain in Manner atbre- faid. And then the next Day the King, at the Inftance of the Nobility and Mafters, granted a Proteftion to the Citizens for a whole Year, on Condition they furniifh'd the Scholars with Proviiions and other Neceffaries, almoft half the Students being now returned to Oxford : Or which, as loon as the King had Notice, he en- treated them to refume their Leftures, and all other profitable Scholaftick Exerciles ; and thus about 4 Days after Trinity the Regents refum'd their yearly ordinary Leftures, which they con- tinued to read at Pleafure, (and no otherwife) till fifteen Days before Mich, and then, by Let- ters requefted them even to read in the Autumn Vacation ^ for the Time between the 4th after Trinity, and the 1 5 th Day before Michaelmas^ was not reckon'd full Term ,• the Univerfity ha- ving now three Terms proper for the Reading, and other formal Exercifes, for in the 4th Exercifes were only perform'd at Pleafure, and not impos'd by Virtue of any Necelfity in re- Ipeft of Degrees, and lb improperly a Term. And as it is^ faid to have formerly happened at AthenSy onaQiiarrel of the like Nature, be- tween the Scholars and Citizens ^ where the So- phifts, on refufal to do any publick Exercifes, taught the Youth in their private Houfes ^ even fo here were the Scholars altogether inftru£ted in private for Ibme time, until the King pub- Jicklyopen'd the Mouths of the Ledturers ^ and for an Encouragement now granted to them the moft ample Charter yet obtained, containing many antient and modern Privileges, Ibme of which were taken away from the Citv and con- ferr'd on tl^ Univerfity ; on the Grant where- K 2 : of 1 J 2 The Antie?it and Trefem State . -Part I. of the Mayor and Bailiffs immediately, on the King's Writ direOred to them, deliver'd up the Standard of VVeii^hts and Meafures, with the Seal belonging thereunto, into the Chancellor's / Hands ^ and in a few Days after were the Con- tents of the fame publiih'd^ arid efpecially thofe touching the Market, f^de Append, p. xxviii. The City having made Reftitution and A- mends, in fome meafure, for the Damage done in the lateConfiift, by a Payment of the Summ aiTign'd, the King, by his Writ, now reftor'd it C.29. E,hv. 5. J.Q ^11 ifg Liberties, faving thofe granted by this Charter to the Univerfity, whereof the Citi- zens flood now depriv''d •, to which may be alfb added the Right o^ Watch and Ward^ or bearing Arms (as the Charter Phrafes it) for ever, by his Grant confirming the fame to the Univerfity, to the great Advantage of the Scholars ^ fmce under a Pf etence thereof, the Towhfme;i were always embarraffmg the Scholars Quiet by their Infults andOppreffions. ' The City of OA*/<>r^i/ by their Deputy to the A.D. 1557. Biiliop of £/«co//7, in the Year 1355. praying in fbme meafure a Mitigation of the hiterdiil under which it lay, but no Revocation thereof^ now fent other Deputies to defire a total Abro- gation of it ^ which ai laft they obtained con- ditionally,,, ws:. That the City on St. Scholafti^ cas Day^ ihould celebrate fo many Mafles at the City Expence, for the Souls of Scholars and others kill'd in this Tumult : Others fiy, that the Mayor and Bailiifs,with 60 of the chief Bur- geffes, were obliged on that Day at St. Mary's, to fwear Obfervance of the cufiomary Rights of the Univerfity, unlefs they have a Caufe of Abfence to be approv'd of by the Vice-Ghan- cellor •, and alfo at their own Cofts, there to fay Mafs by a Deacon or Subdeacon, for die Souls of the flain ■: and it was further ordered, that Ch, 4/'^ of the Univerfity of Oxfor d. i ^ ? that "the laid Number of Citizens fhoukl after Mais ended, fingly offer up a Penny at the high Alftify"6f which forty Pence was to be diitribu- ^ ted tbpodr-ScholarSj and the Refidue to the Gurate of St. tJMarfs. And for the better Ex- ecution hereof, at the Proftor's Inftance, it was agreed between the Bodies, that a Deed fhould befram'd if^r this end, containing thefe Con- I''- At' P* ^^- ditions, e'xcluding the Authors of this Sedition : And whereas the Mayor and BurgefTes had bound themfelves to the Payment of too Marks, in the faid Church, on account of the aforefaid Damage ^ by this lafl Agreement it was provided, that no Demand fhould be made hereof, whilft they perform'd thefe Conditions, all which the King confirm'd by a Charter of Jnfpcxinms of the firft of June, the Univerfity then releafmg the City Horn all Caufes of A- ftion commenced by reafon of this Confiift, ex- cept as before excepted, and requir'd to appear at the Aflizes ^ which Decifion was obferved till Qj Ellz^nhcth^s Reign, when the Scholars impleaded them intheSumm of i 5ooMarks,tor omitting the fame for i 5 Years, by reafon of a Prohibition to celebrate Mafs according to the Tenor of the faid Agreement:' wherefore it was order'd by the Privy Council, that inflead of the Mafs on this Day, there fhould baa Ser- mon and Communion at this Church, with the VH- fcirt j. aforefaid Offering, and at length this came only to publick Prayers, with the Obla- tion of fixty Pence, as now in "Ufe. Lofi- dinenfis fays, that the Mayor was obliged to wear a Halter or Rope about his Neck, on this ProcefTion, which through the Dignity of his OiHce was afterwards chang'd into a Silken-Pv.ib- band ^ with whom I cannot agree •, tho' 'tis cer- tain the voung Scholars were wont to rally him with much Contempt on this Occafion, till this K 3 Infolenc^ IJ4 ' The Anttent andTrefent State Parti. Infolence was reftrain'd by a Statute, under the Pain of Imprifonment. The Dillenfions between the Univerfity and jiuftin Fryars, were now brought to an Iflue, which had their Rife froni a Monk of tliat So- ciety, appealing from the Chancellor and Pro- ctor's Sentence pronounc'd againft his Order, to the Court of the Archbiihop of Canterbury \ which Diflenfion being of no Moment, ihall have no farther Room here ^ and therefore I ^ M'p. 13 j8. now defcend ■** to the Citizens Remonftrance a- gainft the late Charter given to the Scholars, who, forgetful of their Danger, and the Mercy of the Univerfity enfuing thereupon, now be- gan to oppofe our Privilege of the Market, viz., the Cuftody of the aforefaid AiJize, &c. by denying the Chancellor the free Exercife and Enjoyment thereof : wherefore the King, on the Scholars Complaint, firmly enjoin'd •j- Fat. \i. £(/. -{- the Townfmen not to let or hinder them in i-r* '•• ^^' 3- the Ufage hereof^ but, according to the Te- nor of the late Charter, to aid and aifift the Chancellor and his Minifters, in the Execution of thefe Academical Privileges ; and the next Year he repeated this Order with the Tranf- I ^^t'll- miifion of another II , commanding the She- EdxD. 5. f ij.jfYj according to ancient Cuftom, tofwearthe Mayor, Aldermen and BitrgelTes, to obferve and defend our Privileges. J V. 1560. There now fwarm'd in England a fort of Men very troublefome to the Realm in general, and to the Univerfity in particular, viz.. The four Orders of FraKcifcans, whom the Clergy found to be fuch Enemies to Church Government, that they chofe Richard Fitz,-JRalph, Chancellor, ofOxfordy and Arch-bifhop of ^rw^^/7, perlb- nally to reprefent to the Pope, the Grievances hereby accruing to them and the two Univerfi- ties. Ch. 4» . Time another Writ iffued out, commanding all 3- •^- ^- '^'^•44'E,cclefiafticks, and their Minifters, not to ad- mit this Caufe into their Courts •, and by this Means, for the prefent, was the Fryar's Inlb- lence reprefs'd •, whereunto they were fb far in- clined, that in the next Age, or fboner, they were expell'd the Congregation-Houfe \ and a Statute made, forbidding the Prefence of any' two of them there at the fame time ^ enabled on the Account of^iCarraelite in his Speech, de- faming many fecular Students, who was there- on degraded and banifh'd the Univerfity. 4 D. I ■',66, I ihall pafs by feveral Things relating unto us for thefe three laft Years, and proceed to the Complaint of the two TJniverfi:ies, touching the Fryars Pride, and Contempt of all their Laws and Statutes •, whereupon, on a Summons of the Chancellor and Prodors, and of the four Orders Ch. 4» of the Umverfity of O-^TOKDi 137 Orders of Mendicants to appear by their Pro- vincials^ both Parties fubmitted to the Decifi- on of the Parliament, and it was decreed, "jtz. -Jy* ■^'^''M^' That the Chancellor and Mafters hereof ihould TuTlond.'^' treat the Fryars in doing Exerciies, and fuing for their Degrees, with all Benignity, and that the Statutes of the Univerfifies, againft recei- ving Perfons under 1 8 Years of Age, ihould be repealed, and all other Laws in their Prejudice be ineffe£tual ^ provided they fued not for Pa- pal Bulls contrary to the Plights of thefe Uni- verfities, and the Laws of the Land :, but that they referred their future Debates, and the Pu- nifhment of all TrefpaiTes whatever to the King and his Council ^ and thus were thefe Difputes, for the prefent, ended : Yet the Fryars, the next Year, had cited the Chancellor to the Court of Rome, if the King had not immediate- ly forbid the fame. But thefe Fryars were not '^•^* '5*^^' only grievous to us, but to all Chriftendom in general, in no wile anfwering the End of their Inftitution, viz.. The Extirpation and Refuta- tion of Herefies, which, by their Means, en- creafed fo faft, that Archbijfhop Langham now lent to Oxford 30 Articles full of Herefy, with Letters publickly condemning the fame as er- roneous ^ on the Publication of which Letters all Perfons were prohibited either to approve or defend thefe Opinions in the publick Schools or elfewhere, under the Pain of the greater Ex- communication, to be canonically fulminated apainft them by the Cliancellor after a third Mo- nition to the contrary. About this time Arch- bifliop Whittlefey, firft a Student here, and then Head of Peter Houle in Cambridge^ (to evince his Affection to his Mother Univerfity) by a Bull from P. Vrhan V. in the appendix, obtain'd, that the Chancellor of Oxford's Ele£lion fhould be no longer coRfirin'd by the hiih.o^oi'Lincohy - and i;5 The Antient andTrefent State Parti. A. D. 1401. and the like Bull was granted to Cambridge, in Relpeft of the Biihop of £/y. — -U76. A Commiifion was granted to certain Bifhops, Vide^Aft^nd. f^^rmerly Students at Oxford, to hear and deter- ^' ' mine a Difference between the Chancellor, Doctors in Divinity, and Matters of Arts, on one fide, and the Dolors and Batchelors of C/- vil and Canon Law, on the other, occafion'd by ibme Statutes made the foregoing Year, in pre- judice of the latter ^ from which the Lawyers, on Complaint to the King, were exempt, it be-? ing granted unto them by Letters, to take their Degree at th6 ufual Term of Years •, on doing the wonted Exercile, notwithftanding any Sta- tute of the Univerfity to the contrary. And on hearir^ the Matter on both fides, in St. PauVs Church, urged by their relpedive Advocates, an Agreement was made between the Parties^ and Montague, Inglesby, and others, expeH'ci from hence, for raiiing thefe Commotions, were reftor'd : And the Commiilioners repealing thole Statutes, which were the Caufe thereof^ publilh'd two others in favour of the Lawyers \ which, for their length, I here omit ^ and thefe Afts ^o much afflifted the Divines, and elpecially the Artifts,flipping no Opportunity of yexing the Lawyers, that the whole Univerfity >vas involved herein -, and their firft Refent- ments fell on a Dominican, whom they expelFd the Convocation, and then the Univerfity, for preaching an inlblent Sermon againft the So- phifts : Hereof, the Dominicans, on complaint to their General, thro' the Merits of the Per- !*«:/. SI- ^d. fon, procured a Royal Mandate for his Refto- }, M. 28. ration, which fome of the Maflers refitting in an armed manner, kept unlawful Conventicles, and treated the Lawyers with great Inhumani- ty : Piii^ tho* the King, on hiformation hereof, im- Ch. 4. (f the JJmverJtty of Oxford.' 139 ijtipower'd the Chancellor, Sheriff and Mayor, to reftrain the fame, his Letters availed not in promoting Peace, whereupon a fecond Commifl {ion was granted for the ending of thefe Diffe- rences, happening in the Congregation-Houfe, on the Denial of Ibme Graces to abfent Perfons, which the Regents refus'd to grant, till the next Year the King interpos'd herein. On K. Richard IPs coming to the Crown, a^. D. 1577. great Ferment arofe in the Univerfity among the Artifts, by the Means of Ibme Monks di- fturbing the Scholars Peace, which the King en- deavoured to reftore by CommiiBoners jfent hither for this end •, but on the ill Treatment of them, he fummon'd the Chancellor, Proctors, and faid Monks, to appear before him, and give an Account of their Behaviour, and in the Interim put the Univerfity under a Sufpenfion of all itK Privileges •, but on the Monks Submif- iion to his Mercy ,their Offences were pardon'd, and the Mulft lately impos'd on them was re- mitted. About this Time was the Predidion of Af chin don, and others, at Oxford, from a great Eclipfe fulfiird, relating to Ibme new Opini- ^. I'- iJ4S« ons which would happen in Religion ; and ef- pecially his Predi^lon about the Rife of a new Prophet, drawn from the Conjunction o^ Saturn and Mars mCancer, meaning John JVickliffS.T.?. 8//j of June,' and Warden of Canterbury-Co\\es,e, who, by ^«woU^7«' his publick Preaching and Difputations here, became a warm Impugner of the ^^omif] Errors and Superftitions,and had many Followers here- in, who, writing and difputing in Defence of him, were fbmecf them condemn'd of Here (y, as John Ayfion, A. M. and Fellow of Merton, Nic. Hereford, S. T. P. and Fellow of Queens \ Phil. Rc^yngdon, S. T. P. and Regular Canon of teic^fln, Lmr, Bedeman^ A. M. John Afivard- by. 140 The Antient andTrefent State Parti. hy, S. T. P. and Vicar of St. Maryh Oxon. John Huntman, and Walter Dajlj, Proftors, &c. And fb firmly was WickHjf^s Doftrine now rooted in the Univerfity, that P. Greg. XI. hearing there-J: of, by a Bull, in the 6th Year of his Papacyy viz.. this or the foregoing Year, iifTlied his FuU mination againft the lame, feverely reproving the Chancellor's Kegleft, in fuffering this He- refy to diffufe it felf ^ yet the ProftorSy-'and many of the Mafterswere in doubt whether they Should receive or rejeft this Bull with Contempt^ as anew and unheard of Thing ^ which fb afto- niHi'd the Religious, that the Monkifh Writers fearing to commit the whole Matter to Wri- ting, break the Thread of their Difcourfe as oft as they come to treat hereof: Fart of this Bull I have thought fit to place in the A^fendlxy whereby the Pope's Opinion may be the better known touching Wkhliff^s Doctrine. And be- iides this Bull, he fent Letters to the Archbi- ihop oi Canterbury, and Bifhop of Lo»^7' coming hither to fettle the Peace of the Place, and to fupprefs the Herefies prelented by tlie Lawyers, he was refilled in his Vifitation of the Univerfity by the Chancellor and Proftors, in virtue of this Exemption ^ wherefore the King^-'^-^^- ^'^-"^ immediately, on notice hereof, by Writ com-^' '" ' *^' manded them to fubmit to the Archbifhop's Power, and to renounce this Bull in the Pre- fenceof his MelTenger, and to certify this their Renunciation to him by .a publick Inftrument, f}:ri£tly requiring them to make ufeofno Bull in prejudice of the King's Prerogative, and alio therein affirming this Exemption to be a perni- cious Impofition on them. And indeed it the L 4 Univer- 1^2 7he Antient and Trefent State Part I. Univerfity had renounced this Bull, it had not well conllilted its own Advantage, fmce the chief Grounds of our Rights were therein con- tain'd, efpecially that remarkable Privilege of the Cognizance of Caufes relating to Clerks ; nor was it needful for it to have fued the Revo- cation thereof from Pope John, if the fame had been already renounc'd. And it was further in- fixed on by the chief of the Students, that if this Exemption were fet afide,which theydifallow'd of, the R ight of Vifitation belonged to the King, and not to the Arch-bifhop •, but at length, on a Reference tp the King, this Right was deter- min'd in favour of the Archbiihop. Yet this Tat. 20. S. z. Decifion, whereby the King adjudg'd this Vifi- f. 3. m. 9. tation to belong of common Right to the Arch- biihop,and not to himfelf, does not reach the Pa- pal Exemption, and therefore not the Immunity of the Univerfity \ on which account this Vifita- tion did not now proceed. But notwithflanding this DiftraSiion of Affairs here, yet the Bufmeis of the Schools did not ceafe, as ufual, according to antient Statute ^ whereby the Scholars, on the Invafion of their Liberties and Privileges, were wont to have Recourle unto this Remedy. Therefore Trynn^ in a Book entitl'd, T%e Tre- fence of the Vniverfity of Oxford refuted, lays, that the Chancellor and his Commilfary, by the Interpofition of this Bull, forbid the Archbiihop to vifit the Univerfity ; and that on the Com- plaint of the Doctors, Proftors and Mafters, the Method of obtaining thereof was condemn'd by them and the whole Convocation of Ma- J.B^, Parker. flteJ*s. But he and his Author are both mijflaken herein ; for thefe Complaints were lodg'd a- gainft the Divines and Artifts, and the Statutes (as aforefaidj by the Lawyers ; and that not in the Cor.vccation of the Univerfity, but in that of Ch. 4. (f the Uriiverjity of Oxfo r d. x ^ ^ of the Clergy, Anno 1395. when the Lawyers impeached this Exemption, becaufe it prevent- ed a Vifitation, which they hoped to make good Advantage of. Befides, it is a Miftake, that the Chancellor and Commiffary purchas'd this Bull of Exemption, fmce our Regifters and many Writers of our Hiftory, fay, the fame was granted by Pope Boniface %th, before thefe Men were born ; and it is altogether as impro- bable, that Boniface ^th fhould grant it, it be- ing in favour of Lollardy •, and another Objeftion againft this Opinion, is, a Statute of the Realm ^^ ^^'^' *• now making it a Framunire for any one to pro- ^' cure llich Bull from the Court of Rome. The Univerfity, in the Year 1399. percei- ving the Damage it fiiftain'd by Vafal FrovifionSy applied for Relief herein to the King, who inj^^ zjEdw imitation of his Anceftors, by wholfom Laws j, ch. i. endeavour'd to fupprefs the fame, as the Bane j Rich. z. ch. and Ruin of the Church, as well as our Uni- ?• 7 ^'V/'« *- verfities : for thefe Frovifors being for the moit^,^" i^;. , part Aliens, arter their Collation to fuch Bene- ^h. 15. fices and Dignities, were wont to demife them ii //. 4. j, to the Englijlj for a yearly Rent : but it matters & 4- not, in another refpeft, on whom they were conferred, whether on Denizens or Aliens, Unce Provi/ions do equally deprive the Patron of his Prefentation ^ for thofe were ftyled Frovifors, who purchafed thefe Collations of the Pope, who claim'd the fame as belonging to him of Comrnon Right, in oppofition to the true Patron's Right of Prefentation. And now coming to the lafl Year of the 1 ^th -« fore fent Deputies to the Council of Conflanccy fb it alfo now received a Command from Pope Eugene^ to fend their Legates or Syndicks to the Council of Bafd, which accordingly they did ; yet excufmg it felf from this honourable Privilege by realbn of the great Poverty under which it then labour'd, through the Occafion of frequent Law Suits with the Citizens, with whom they had to deal for two Years together, upon the account ot their Extortion in the. Prices ot Visuals, &c. which fo fir incenled the Univerfity, that upon a Summons of feve-[ ral of the principal Citizens to appear be-, fore the Convocation, many of the BurgefTes were difcommon'd, or interdicted all man-' nerof Commerce with Scholars and privileged Perfons, until they made their Submiflion, and asked Pardon for their Offence, which they loon afterwards did by the Advice of the King's Judges coming in their Circuit hither •, and by their Interceilion for them they had equitable Terms granted them. * M Kot i62 The Antlent and Trefent State Part I. J. D, 14^4. Not long after, a grievous Contention broke out among the Scholars themfelves, which the Chancellor not being able to quiet in the Courfe of a whole Year, he therefore called into his Aid the Endeavours o^ Humphrey Duke of (jlo- cefter. The Source of this Sedition proceeding from the Arrogance of the Civil Lawyers and the Batchelors of Decrees, affuming the Title of Mafters to themfelves, contrary to the Sta- tutes and Cuftoms of the Univerfity \ in refent- ment hereof, the Regents and Non-Regents made their Complaints to the King and other Men in Power, by way of Letters, by whom the Law- yers were ih difcountenanc'd, that they were fbrc'd to have Refuge to the Court of Arches and the Arch-Bifhop's Power ^ but the King, on the Mafters Requeft, order'd this Caufe to be remanded to the Univerfity, for that it cou'd not be transfer r'd to the Arches, or any other foreign Court, without doing Violence to the Privileges of the Scholars. Thefe Diffenfions, which were owing to lb fmall a Beginning, grew to fuch a Bulk, that they divided almoft the whole Univeriity into Factions and Parties j and indeed might have prov'd of very mifchievous confequence to the Scholars, had not the Biihop of London J whom Fo^e Innocent the ^th made the Guardian of our Liberties, in conjundion with the Bifhop of Sarum, interposed his Authority, and put an end to the fame, being herein alfift- ed by our good Patron the Duke of Glocefier, as aforefaid, who was never wanting to fupport us in Cafes of the greateft Difficulty. — ' 1441. The King, in imitation or after the Example of certain Prelates, who had been Encouragers of Learning, obferving the Decreale of the Scho- lars Stipends here, gave the Manner of Ponyng- ton in Hampjhire (for fome time belonging to the Ch. 4, -ff the UniveYpty of Oxford.' i5^ the Priors Aliens o^Ohbume) with certain Pen- lions and Portions of Land at Milhurnheck, Turn^ w^th, Charleton and Vfwynbourne in the faid County, to St. Anthony's Holpital in London, on the condition of paying 50 Shillings fer Week by equal Portions to five Scholars, coming from Eaton School to the Univerfity, for their Sub- iiftance here till they took their Degrees j which was duly paid till the Year 1474, when Edward the /\th annex'd this Holpital to St. 6'ffor^e's Col- lege in Wind/or Caftle ; and then the faid Rent came to the Scholars o^ Oriel College in Oxford : And foon after this King impower'd the Uni- verfity to purchafe Lands for certain Ufes. In the Year following there arofe a great •'• ^* '44*' Conteft between the Mafters of Arts and thole of Grammar, which not only difturbed the Peace of the Univerlity, but foon after put an End to the Grammar Line or Faculty it felf : Which Difpute was occafion'd by the Nomina- tion of certain Mafters of Arts at ftated Times, for the viliting of the Grammar Schools in rela- tion to the Exercile performed therein-, en which account they receiv'd two Marks out of an antient Rent, and four more out of the Uni- verlity Stock *, aiid if this Mony Ihould by any means fall fhort, it was to be made good by the Contributions of the Grammarians ; and this of- ten happening, the Grammarians by diminilh- ing the Number of their Scholars, now refused the Payment thereof^ whereupon the King, on hearing the Complaint made to him, by Writ forbid the further exacting hereof : But the Ar- tifts did not ceale in their Demand, for they laid this Matter again before his Majefty, and pray'd him not to fufFer the chief Faculty in the Univerlity to be injurioully treated ; yet not- withftanding this lecond Application, theGram- M 1 mariand 1^4 The Antient and P/efent SfMe Part li marians getting the better herein, ceafed to pay this Stipend for many Years : and pending this Suit, the Artifts citing a Grammarian be- fore them, deprived him of the Privilege of thad Art, for not commencing his Degree according to his Oath and a Statute made for that Purpofe. In the Year 1458. a Difpute between the U- niverfity and City happened, upon. the account of a certain privileged Perfon imprifon'd by the Magiftrates of the City : and on a great Debate between the Univerfity and City, what Perfbns fhould enjoy the Privileges of the former, vi^, whether they iliould be extended to Scholars Servants, and to fuch Perfons, who receiv'd Liveries from them only ^ or to others^ with whom the Scholars had efpecially to do, as Bookfeilers, Barbers, &c. this Matter was by the King's Command referr'd to the Decifion of the Biihop o^ Lincoln, on whom the Chancellor of the Univerfity and Deputies from the City waited, being then in London \ but the Students of the Univerfity, fearing hereby to fall again under the Jurifdidion of the Diocelan, or (at leaft) fufpefting the Juftice and Equity of that Prelate, on the i %th of January came to this Refolution, viz.. " That the faid Biiliop had *' no Power or Authority from the Univerfity '' to treat of or determine any Difference or *' Suit,arifmg between the Scholars andTownf^ /' men ^ which Difference or Suit did any wife " concern the Cufloms, Statutes and Privileges w" of the Univerfity, or any Abufe thereof, if .." fuch. Such was the Proteflationof the Uni- verfity, left any one fiiould think it fubje^t to Epifcopal Jurifdiftion Cfroni which it had been long fince exempted by Papal Bulls) and left that the Diocefan fhou'd from this Handle let ^imfeif again into the Affairs of the Scholars ^ which ui/r .Ch . 4. of the Univerfity qfO^ ford. \6<^ which is a plain Evidence of the religious Care of our Predeceffors in defending the Rights and Liberties of the Univerfity, who dreading the -Biihop's Tyranny, wou'd not (b much as fufFer ^im to he an Arbitrator therein, well knowing how eafily tlieCounleis of Great Men pafs'd into Authority and Command at lair, and that an armed Gueft once admitted, feldom fail'd in time of not being repelled without Violence : Therefore letting afide the Biihop of Lincoln^ and appointing another Arbitrator in his ftead, the Univerfity impower*d Doctor Ch.iundlery then Chancellor, and Gecrge T^vil Biihop of Exoriy with others, to take care and adjuft this Bufinefs of privileged Perlbns ^ whereupon the Compofition, which is placed in the Third Part of this Undertaking, was made and figned by the Univerfity and City ^ and after this the Chancellor fet at liberty one of the Bailiffs, whom he had committed to Goal for the Impri- ^ , *y «^* _? Ibnment of theaforejaid privileg'dPerlbn, which he did not do upon the king's Precept : for al- tho' the Mayor endeavour'd to procure the fame by his Application to the King and Council then at Woodfiock ^ yet it was not granted, but upon Deliberatioi?. aecreed by the King in Council, " That the faid BailiiTfhould remain in Cuftody " during, the Char.cellor's Pleafure, for that he *' was a prefumptuous Tranfgreflbr of the Pri- " vilegesof the Univerfity. After tliis Controverly was ended, the King^. D. 1459. by Letters Patents commanded the Bailiffs to take care and fee, that the Streets were clean- fed, for the better avoiding of the Plague and other Sicknefs •, and enjoinM the Chancellor to remove all Panders, Bawds and Harlot^twelve, ^r at leait ten Miles from Oxfurjdy according to i66 The Antlent and Trefent State Parti. the Charter granted in the 13^ Year of his Reign for this End and Purpofe. J -p j.g^^ And now approaching the End of //f»ry the 6f^'s Reign, I will a little confider the State of the Univerfity at this time -^ for altho' this Prince had the Misfortune to be iavolved very much in Wars, yet he ever appear'd a great Patron of Learning, as may be feen from Kings College in Cambridge, and Eaton near Windfor, of both which Colleges he was the Founder •, and as he received his Education here in Oxford, which his Father Henry the Fifth had done be* fore in Queen j College under the Tuition of Car- dinal Beaufort, fo he ever Ihewed himlelf a great Friend to our Univerfity, and efpecially to New College, AH Souls, and Maudlins : But yet fo great was the Decay of Learning, that whereas the Univerfity was heretofore wont to boaft of its Thoufands, there was Icarce now a Thoufand Scholars herein, which may be a- Icribed to the Paucity of Ecclefiaflical Prefer- ments beftow'd on the Students of this Place, which, for the generality, were now appropri- ated to Cathedral and Collegiate Churches. Another Reafon of this Declenfion of Learning may be imputed to the Bifhops withdrawing the Exhibitions or Stipends, which they were accuftom*d to beftow on the Education of Scho- lars at the Univerfities •, for the Bifhops now, who had been formerly wont to refide in their Palaces, became Courtiers, and left their Dio- ceffes to fhift for themfelves in a mofl fcanda- ious manner, whereby they expended the great- eft part of their Wealth on a luxurious and rio- tous Way of Life. And befides the Mifchiefof pApal 'Provifionsy which were grown fb infa- moufly bad, that Pope Eugene conferred the Deanery of a Church by way of Frovtjion on a Perfon Ch. 4. (fthe Umverfity 0/ Oxford. 167 Perlbn not in Holy Orders, which he is faid to have purchas'd of the Pope for 1 040 Marks, the Univerfity it felf was in no fmall Fault, for laying afide a wholefbme Statute of Robert Groffhead's againft buying of Offices, which pre- ferr'd none but Perfons qualify 'd in refpeft of Learning. And fo great was the Corruption of thofe Times, from the Avarice of the Bifhops Servants, that Perfons bought Holy Orders, who perhaps were never matriculated in the Univerfity ^ paffing thofe by who had fpent their Time therein for many Years. Hereupon the Univerfity, by Letters to the Archbifhop of Canterbury f put him in Mind of his Nurfing Mother, and prayed him to apply a fpeedy Re- medy to all thefe Evils, efpecially that of 'Papal Provifions ^ who for the future thereupon took care, that no one iliould be admitted to Orders within his Province, unlefs he brought Letters Teftimonial from the Archdeacon of the Place where he liv'd, or from the Chancellor of the Univerfity, or his Deputy, touching his Merits and Qualifications. But this Care did not long obtain, the Bifhops Officers rendering the fame inefFedual and vain. Nor did Learning only lie expiring with us at this time, but alio in all foreign Parts -^ which every good Italian laying to Heart, it induced Pope Nicholas at length to build that famous Library on the Vatican^ for the Reftoration of Learning, if poffible. A Quarrel happening between two Francif- ^ j^ ^ ,^^ cans, the one procur'd an Inhibition from the Court of Arches to hinder the Proceedings of the other in his Doftor of Divinity's Degree ^ which was ferv'd on the Chancellor's CommL- fary fitting to give Degrees with the Proctors, on whom it was alfo executed •, who notwith- ftanding proceeded in their Bufmefs, and about M 4 three 1^8 The Antient andTrefent State Part I. three Days after, fending, for the Perfons who aififled in the Service of this hihibition, two of them were, by the Confent of the Congregation, committed to the Caftle Prifon as Difturbers of the Peace and Infringers of the Univerfity Pri- vileges, and were by the CommifTary fufpended from the Office of General Proftors in his Court for a Senfon ^ and Morlcy, who brought the In- hibition from the Arches to him, was impri- J.D. 1467. Ibn'd in Bocardo. Soon after this there arofe a- nother Controverfy between the Profl:ors of the Univerfity and the Bailiffs of the City, occa- fion'd by the faid Bailiffs fetting at liberty an Offender, whom the Proftors had imprifon'd, contrary to their Will ^ and hereupon the Proc- tors , caufmg them to be fummon'd into the Chancellor's Court, they were mulded in the Sum ol forty Pounds ^ which Sum after much Struggle they paid ^ and thus was the Peace of the Place reftored. —1468. Now about this time King Edward the /\.th very readily confirm'd and ratify 'd all the Privi- leges granted to this Univerfity by his Predecef- Ibrs, among which was the Cognizance of Cau- fes in Suits relating to a Scholar on the one part, * and alfo the Taxation of Scholars Houfes, and the Oath of the four Aldermen and eight Bur- geffes, and fome other Citizens •, and laftly the Charter o? Edward the 3<5/, granted to the Scho- lars immediately after the great Conflict with the Townfmen. He farther confirm'd the Com- pofitlon made between the Univerfity and Rich, d'^mory, about the Jurifdiftion of North-Gate Hundred ^ and alfo the Charter of Edward the . 3fif, touching the Market, and the Claim of ; Cffufes determinable within the Univerfity Pre- , cin£l:s, whenfoever the Chancellor iliall think fit to demand the fame : He alio confirm'd - Henry Ch. 4. 0/ the Untverpty o/Ox ford. i6<) Henry the 4f^'s Charter touching the Limits and Bounds of the Univerfity, and the Inftitu- tion of a High Steward hereof, together with his Charter, remitting the five Pounds paid for the chief Right of the Market *, and concerning the Banifhment of lewd Women, and the Re- moval of Diftuibers of the publick Peace ten or twelve Miles from the Univerfity. King Edward the ^th, this Year, founding ^- ^- ^4^^* a Chauntry at Windfor^ affign'd the fame to two Priefts, to be chofen out of each Univerfity j who enjoy'd the fame by an indifputable Right till the Year i 5 54 or i 568, when the Dean and Canons of Windfor rejected the Choice of this Univerfity, endeavouring to afllime this Right to themfelves ^ but upon producing our Deeds^ they were caft in their Pretenfions : and King Edward, to evince his farther Affeftion to the Scholars here, by Letters fignify'd to the Uni- verfity his Pleafure of taking qn himfelf the Title of Protestor of the Univerfity, which ad- ded no fmall Honour hereunto. Palling by the Animofities between the Law- • M7o» yers and Phyficians in the Year 1470, which were not ended without Bloodfhed ^ and the Difcord which arofe between two of the Halls here in the Year 1477, wherein fome were flain, and many wounded •, I will proceed to the Con- firmation of our Charters by Pope Sixtus the 4f^, who on the Requeft of the Univerfity, fol- licited by the Abbot of Abingdon going to Rome on the Affliirs of his own Convent, tranfmitted a ratifying Bull to be read in the Appendix'^,*' P- ^tciv. whereby he confirm'd all the Papal Charters or Bulls, which having been granted unto us, and were either effaced by Age, revok'd by former Popes, or by any other Misfortune lofl, particu- larly that remarkable Bull long fince granted by Pope 170 The Anttent andTrefent State Part I. Pope BonifMC 2th, and then refcinded by King Eichard the id. And by this Confirmatory Bull of Pope Sixttts, the Univerfity had both Civil and Eccleliaftical Jurifdidion ratify'd unto it^ whereupon the Chancellor afterwards afferted an Apoftolical Authority '^ and conducing him- felf by the Privileges granted in Boniface's Bull, he fet afide the Regal Power of vifiting the Univeriity, till the Time of the Reformation, when all thefe Bulls were overthrown and de- flroy'd at once. There was alio this Year ano- ther Bull granted unto us by the fame Pope, in confirmation of that which was given by Pop e Innocent thQ ^.th, anno 1254. by which he pro- nounc'd the Univerfity free and exempt from Vifitation and ail foreign JurifdiSrion whatfb- ever. And thus much of Papal Bulls for the prefent. There being nought of any Importance for the Courfe of many Years enfuing, proper for the main Defign of this Undertaking, but what I fliall have occaflon to remember elfewhere ; I will not detain the Reader with the frequent Ravages of the Plague and other malignant Fe- vers about this time, and for thirty Years after ^ but proceed to treat of the Commotion or In- liirreftion at Oxford, occafion'd by certain Law- yers of Peckwater Inn and Hinxcy Hall ; who, rambling the Streets for the better part of the Night, at laft came to Braz.cn Hall, and there infulted the Northern Pro£lor, committing ma- ny other Enormities ^ which Riot the Chancel- lor's Commiffary, on due Enquiry thereinto, punifh'd by imprifoning the Ring-leaders, lend- ing fome to the Cafile, and others to Bocardo. •«-Ai50(5. But the Tumult arifmg here foon after was of far worfe confequence, when the Southern and 7S(orthern Scholars with Arms fought it out in Ch.4» of the Umverfity of Ox^OKD, lyi , in High-flreet near St. Maryh Church, in a pitcht Battle •, in which Skirmifh the Principal oiHart-Hall^ then Fellow of Exeter College, was i killed_, with two others, and many wounded. :] About the fame time there alfb happen'd ano- A. ther Conteft between the Lawyers and Peafants ■"*« of Tarnton holding Eftates from Rewley Abbey ; which the Kobility and others fo far refented, that they refolved to fupprefs and difpoifefs the Univerfity of all its Privileges •, and truly they had accompliih'd the fame, had not Archbifhop Warham ftrenuoufly defended our Caule, and prevaird with the King not to fuffer a Disfran- chilement thereof. The Northern Proftor dying the next Year, ^. D. 1507. another Difpute (tho'ofa gentler Nature) fell out between the Doftors and Mafters about the Choice of a SuccefTor •, and at laft, by the Con- fent of the Refident Doftors and Mafters, one Tool the Senior Regent was chofen for this Of- fice, till the firft Day of Michaelmas Term next enfuing, when a Convocation might meet on Tool's quitting his Regency •, it being a Doubt whether he could hold this Office after the End of his Regency •, and tho' there were Statutes concerning the Chancellor's Death, yet they could find none touching a Proftor's Death : Whereupon the Archbiihop, then our Chancel- lor, was confulted, together with the Biihop of London^ who, on reading our Letters, return'd for anlwer, That there being no Statute in this Cafe, the fame RefpeHr ought to be had herein, as in the Choice of a Succejfor on the Chancellor's Death, And thus on the Refcript of thefe Men, the Doftors and Mafters proceeded to the Choice of a new Proftor, whereon Bentley, a Fellow of ^ew College, was elected Northern Proctor, which ended the Difpute. Coming - 172 *The Antient andTrefent State Part I.j ^ArjoS. Coming now to the laft Year of Hen.ithh Reign, I will conclude this Chapter with the. lame \ at which time Learning wss at lb low an Ebb here, that tlie Greek Tongue was now of the laft Contempt ^ and the Scholars addicting themfelves to Sophifms, and other trivial Stu- dies, were perfedl: Strangers to found Erudition j and fo empty was the Univerfity of Gownfmen, that our Halls and Inns became the Shops of Tradefmen, the only Perfons making any Show of Letters being WieU^^s Followers ^ who did not prefume to appear in the Schools,in Defence of their honeft Opinions, thro' Fear of the Pope and his Horfe-Leaches, ever fucking both Mony and Blood from them, on Pretence of Heretical Pravity. But now I proceed to a better Scene of Knowledge, which I ihall occafionally treat, of in the enfuing Chapter. - — ' ~t:^ CHAR.V, Of the State of the Univerfity of Oxford, from the beginning of Hen. ^th^s Reign to the End (f Queen Elizabeths. -,,-^i5op.T|V^ ING Henry VWl. after the Example of J\^ his noble Anceftors, coming to the Crown, at the Requeft of Arch-biihop Warham^ Chan^ cellor. Sir X^omas Lovell, High Steward, an4 Dr. Faufjtleroy, CommifTary of the Univerfity, not only confirm'd all its Charters of Privileges ^ but, as ibme fay, encreas'd the fame ^ among which he confirm'd that of Ediv. IV. by a Diplo- — — ^"jio. tna truly Royal, and exceeding all the Grants of his Progenitors ^ which was foon after loft, and not recover'd for fome Years^ At this Time the Ch. 5. cf the Univerfity o/Oxford. 17^ the Univerfitv being much troubled- at the Lois of (oms Par>al Bulls, privily ftolen away, and of which it had been in Poileiiion for time iirime- Kwrial, pray'd the Chancellor to procure an Ex- eraplification tiiereof firom the Apoftolick Cham- eery-, and tho' it does not appear whether this was ever done, yet 'tis certain that we were foon after repolTefs'd of them ^ but on the Extir- pation of the Papal Power, fome immoderate Zealots againft Popery committing them to the Flames, have depriv'd the World of an entire Hiftqry of this Univerfity, which, in refpeft of the laft Age, mull be'iiird by many Chafms and Jntercifions. The Scholars thus deploring the Lofs and Diminution of their Privileges, were treated bv the Townfmen very ill, by their in-^^ /), ij,x; Ringing the moft ancient and known Rights of the Univerfity, whereof tliey firft complained to the Chancellor, for their Treafury was emp- ty, and that it would coft them dear to renev\r their Privileges, and much more to increafe them, wherefore they pray'd the AiTiftance of many principal Men, who had been heretofore Students herein, and were not now wanting, to- gether with the Chancellor, in the Relief of our KecefTity, or in the Defence of the Scholars, from the hijilries of the Townfmen. Whilft thefe Things were in Tranfaftion, the City Bailiffs were, by the Chancellor's Commifiary, fufpended ab ingrejfu Ecclefiie, for their Contu- macy, in not appearing before him at a Day and Place legally aihgned. And fuch, indeed, _«..^, 5 j5j were thelnfultsof the Citizens, that the Con- vocation was forced to difcommon the Mayor, for not fuperfeding the Procels of his Court a- gainft a Privileged Perfon on the Chancellor's Mandate. Nor was this the only Inftance of the Townfmens Rancour to our Privileges, in re- taining »74 The AntieTttandTrefem State Parti. taming the Caufe of a privileged Perfbn in their Court, for giving a mortal Wound to a Citizen ; for they idly interrupted the Chancellor in the Correftion and Imprilbnment of Delinquents! ^dly. They refus'd to obey the Chancelbr's Mandate for the impanelling of Juries. 4f^/y, They impanel fd on a Jury two of the fiiperior Beedles of the Univerlity, and other privileged Perfbns, anciently exempt from Juries. For thele and the like Injuries were the Bailiffs impeach- ed, but the Univerfity Magiftrates confidering with themfelves how hard a Matter it would be to punifh thefe Criminals according to their Demerits, for want of a Royal Charter in this behalf, forthwith complain'd hereof to Cardi- nal Wolfey, and other Patrons of Learning, arid lucceeded in their Wifhes ^ for the Bailiffs were commanded now to appear before the Chancel- lor's CommiiTary, Proftors, and others, in St. Mary*s Church, and on Examination openly and freely confeffing the Crimes laid to their Charge, Sentence was flraitways pronounc'd on JPenanee en- them, viz.. That each of them in St. Martin's joined the Bat' Church in Oxford, fliould, in a ftanding Poflure, liffiof Ox- 1jq1(J in his Hand a Waxen Taper of a Pound °' * Weight, from the Beginning of the Gofpel to the End thereof, and then offer their Tapers up to St. Martin \ and it was alfo enjoin'd them that they fhould, in the next general' Proceffion of the Univerfity, walk before the Crofs, from St. A/ii^-ys Church to the Place where the Crofs was taken, and faying ihort Prayers, fhould each of them repeat the Pfalter of the BleiTed Virgin for the good Eflate of the King and Kingdom. But the Citizens fb far refented this Sentence, that they immediately applied to the King, in order to excufe the Bailiffs, and complained of Ibme of the Scholars, for burning the late May- or's Ch. 5' oftheUnwerfityofOyi?OKDl lye or's Houfe, and putting him in Fear and Dan- ger of his Life, and for aflaulting feveral Citi- zens ^ whereupon they pray'd the King to fum- mon the CommifTary, Proftors and others, to appear before him and his Council, and give an Account of the Wrongs by them inflifted on the Baih'ffs ; which the King had done, had not Cardinal IVolfey^nd others, by interpofing here- in, laid the whole Matter before him ^ which induced his Majefty to give the Bailiffs and other Burgeffes fblliciting this |Affair at London, a dif^ graceful Repulfe 5 fo that the Bailiffs were for- ced to apply to the Chancellor of Oxford, for the Revocation of the Sentence pronounc' d againft them ', which he granted on the Condition of their returning to Oxford, and their acknow- ledging in publick their Offences, and depreca- ting the deferved Punifhment thereof, which they did the firft Day of the next Term, before the Commiffary and Regent Maimers : There was moreover to this Punifhment added, viz.. ' That each of them fhould pay four Pounds in ' Satisfaftion of the Expence which the Univer- * fity had hereby fuftain'd, and give Bond for the * Payment thereof within 1 5 Days after the fol- * lowing Eafter, under the refpedive Forfeiture ' often Pounds each. Soon after the Townfmen finding Means to e- lude the Force of our Charters, through the Craft and Subtlety of the Lawyers, perverting their Senfe on fome light Frailties ot Expreflion, oblig'd the Univerfity to apply to Wolfey for the Explanation, Augmentation, and Prelervation of them ', which he procur'd by that remarka- ble Charter bearing Date the firfl ofy^pril, i ^.th of Hen. 8. under the Great Seal of England, and fubfcrib'd, viz.. Per ipfum Regem, & de data prd" di^d authoritatt farliamentK About the Time we 1 76 The Antie'nt and Trefent State Pa r 1 1. we had thefe Difputes wich the City, certain Scholars gave the UniverfTty Trouble, among the chief of them was John Morri^^ Doctor ot Canon Law, who was firft imprifon'd and ex- pell'd afterwards the Univerlity, for perfwading others to refift the Chancellor's Authority • and from hence no fmali Difference arofe thro* the Complaints which fome of his Friends made to the King •, but by the Cardinal's Means, Morris^ on his Return to Oxford^ after a Years Baniih- jtnent, was forced to acknowledge his Offence, and promile a future SubmiiJion to the Laws hereof \ and then in Virtue of the Royal Man- date, he was, by a folemn Congregation, refto- red to his former State among us. A,t>. 15x7. About the End of Lent^ a Time remarkable for Seditions, ('as has been already noted) a grie- vous Controverfy arofe between the Benedi^ines and Ciftercians here, about fome Philofophical Qiieftions difputed In the Schools ; which from Arguments grew to Blows \ and the latter, over- came by the Enemy, were driven to their Halls ^ but the BenediBines did not triumph with Impunity *, yet they were fo far incens'd at the pecuniary Mulfts and other Pains infiifted on them, that, by the Perfwafion of Alderman Haines, late Mayor of the City, whofe Houfe the Scholars had fir'd, they refolv'd to revenge their Wrongs, even by the Death of the Pro- ftors : And meeting together at the fald Hdnes\ Houfe, one Night, there waited the Time of the Pro^ors going their Rounds in the City, who, when they came to Cairfax, were affaulted by a Sally from the faid Houfe ^ which, from the Clattering of Swords and crying out of fome, caus'd many of the Citizens to rife from their Beds, for the keeping of the Peace j otherwife they had perpetrated their Villany : but on th^ Inter- Ch. 5. cftheUtiiverfityofOy.^o'^Ti, 177 Intervention of the BurgelTes, the Ruffians ran away and concealed themfelves that Kight ^ yet on their Endeavours to efcape the next Morn- ing, three of them were feized, and with them the faid Haines imprifon'd. Not long after, in a Tumult, wherein fom.e were mortally wound- ed, Haines was the Leader and hicendiary, feek- ing all Occaiionsofdifturbing rhepublick Peace of the Unlverfity \ wherefore he was for ever baniih'd from hence •, who yet, upon his Re- pentance, obtain'd Leave afterwards to return ^ but lofmg his Authority with his Neighbours, and growing into daily Contempt, he left then the City of his own accord, and died poor : And his Son in law, Biridal, being before the Chan- cellor found guilty of this Sedition, fuffer'd the like Puniihment with his Father, and fome o- thers, whole Pains were afterwards remitted. But yet die Townfmen would not permit the A, D, i^ao. Scholars to enjoy any long Repofe, difturbing our Quiet by their Violations, and frequent In- fringment of our Privileges, under a Conceit that we had loft the Charter procur'd by Wolfcy •, whereupon they fcrupl'd not to aflault the Scho- lars with Arms in the publick Streets,asin parti- cular fome of ^rW^^zf^Hall, killing one and wounding many otherSjafter a flout Refiftance ot the Students •, and on the Expulfion of one Wem^ the Scholars, in the Night time afiliiling fome of the Citizens,put them to flight:, but on the King's Writ for an Enquiry hereinto, fome of them were arrefled and committed to Goal. Where- upon the Univerfity, thinking it high time both to renew and enlarge theirCharters, committed this Affair to the Management of Dr. London^ then of New College, a Perfon well acquainted with their Privileges, and with the Difputes be- tween the Scholars an 1 Townfmen, with a Povv- N er 1-7 8 The Antient andTrefent State Part I. er to let the Cardinal into a thorough Knowledge of thefe Controverfies, who had lately fent Dr. hongUnd. to the Univerfity for this End. At length, by the Advice and Means of the Bifhops of Callipli and Lincoln^ the King granted a Char- ter according to the Wifhes and Expeftation of the Univerfity. For towards the Beginning of the Year 1523, the Cardinal obtained this Royal and ample Charter, which he tranfmitted by cer- tain Delegates to Oxford -^ but the Promulgation thereof ^o fharpen'd the Townfmen's Refent- mentSjthatbyaRemonftrancetheyopenlyrefus'd Obedience thereunto •,' which being at length re- ported to the King, the Matter came to be pub- licity heard and difculs'd in the Privy Council ; and nothing being determin'd hereon,theTownf- men were every where in Cabals, how to abro- gate or (at ieaft) to diminiili the fame ^ which the Scholars refenting, lodg'd their Complaints with the great Men, charging the Townfmen with the Infringment of feveral jof their antient Privileges : But the Cardinal falling into Dif- grace, and foon after into Ruin, this Charter lay dormant in the Exchequer,till the Year 1565, when the fame was tranfmitted again hither for the due Obfervation of it. A. D. 1511. The Lutheran Herefy (for fuch was it now fiil'd almoft every where) began to diffufe it felf throughout the whole Univerfity, and to gather Strength fo far, that Wclfey was forc'd to fend hither for certain Scholars, to come from hence to London, for the refuting of thefe new Opinions '^ whereupon the Univerfity named and appointed certain Perfons for the holding of a Convocation at the Cardinal's Houfe in London^ with other Learned Men, and Prelates of the Realm, for the Condemnation of Luther^s Do- ftrine, as altogether repugnant to Chriftianity j a Ch. 5.' of theUniverfity of Qyi^OYivi, 17^ a Tranlcript of which Cenfure was afterwards lent to Oxford^ and aifix'd on the Sun-Dial of the South-fide of St. Mary\ Church-yard, and fooa after Luther'^ Books were burnt here, and at Cambridge. And it is remarkable that thisSchifm (as it was called^ was chiefly prolifick in Cardi- »^/-College, on or from the Refidence ■ of fome Cantabrigians here ^ among whom was John Clark^ one of the junior Canons of this Society, whofe private Leftures and Difputations our Scholars much frequented ^ and who, for his fmgular Learning and Piety, was in fo great Value, that in all their Doubts he became their Oracle : Whereupon many of them were committed to Prifon by the CommilTary. But I haften to the Year i 528. when a confiderable Law-fuit as well as other Difputes between the Univerllty and City, fell in with the more difmal Confequen- ces of a malignant Plague or Sicknefs at this time, which Controverfies having been for fome while, now came to an open Rupture, upon the Townfmens Accufation of the Scholars on feve- ral Articles, but efpecially the Proftors, for Li- juries done the Citizens in their Night- Watch. The Univerfity having en joy 'd the Right of keeping a Court-Leet in the Guild-Hall of the City, as well from ancient Cuflom, as from Royal Charter of Privilege, this Year detcr^ min'd to hold the fame as ufual j but upon a Pro- cefs made out to the Bailiffs to impannel and fummon a Jury of eighteen lawful Men for this purpofe, the Bailiffs, emboldned with the Belief that the Charter lately procur'd by Wolfey was not ratify'd and confirm'd, refus'd to yield Obe- dience to the faid Procels : Whereupon they were cited to appear in the Chancellor's Court, on a certain Day, before the Chancellor's Commiifa- ry, to anfwer this Contempt 3 for which Neg- N z left I So The Antiejit and Trefent State Part 1. left or Contempt, a Sentence was pronounc'd a- gainft them, w'zl. That in Punijliment thereof Edm. Irlfhpwuld go to the Cafilc Vrifon^ and Will. Clare the younger to Bocardo, and there remain du' ring Pleafure. But this Sentence was no Admo- nition to them, for within a Year or two after- wards, the Mayor order'd the Guild-hall Doors to be ihut up againft the Entrance of the Com- miifary, Proftoi s and others, thereinto : Where- upon the fiid Commiffary fummon'd William Perry y one of the Bailiffs, and the Mayor's A- gent herein, to appear in the atorefaid Court, and not allowing of his Excufe, viz.. the May- or's Order, he. decreed him excommunicated, as he alfo did Richard Gunter^ the other Bailiff, and aJ^ich. Heath, the Mayor, for their Difb- bedience, in not appearing on his Summons, the one being cited by an inferior Beadle, and the o- ther by the fuperior Beadle in Divinity ; which Ecclefiaftical Cenfures were afterwards commit- ted to Writing, and deliver'd to the R edor of St. Ebb's Church, to which Heath did belong, to be read and publifli'd either by him or his Cu- rate, on the next Saturday following, in the faid Church : But upon their Submiilion to the Laws and Cuftoms of the Univerfity, and taking an Oath to obey them, and the Laws of the Church, they were afterwards abfolved from their Ex- communication by the Commiffary, in the Con- ventual Church of the Carmelites • and hereup- on were the Univerfity and City again reconci* led to Peace. ^. D. 1532.; Yet about two Years after, the fame was bro- ken again ^ for that Peace and Tranquillity was too great a Happinefs for us to enjoy long, from the turbulent and factious Spirit then raging here among us, upon the Account of feveral Liberties and Privileges difputed by each Body. Upon a Re- Ch. 'J* of the Univerjity of O'^^osiD. i8i Report of thefe Differences made to K. Hen. 8. he commanded both the Univerfity and City to furrender and deliver up into his Hands all their Rights and Charters of Privileges, hi a Convo- cation, therefore, of the Univerfity, held on the 3^ of Jan. this Year, for the laid end, it was decreed by the Confent of the greater part of the Regents and Non-Regents thereof, that there ihould be two Inftruments or Deeds of this their Surrender fealed ; and by Virtue of the one, all Privileges, as vvell Royal as Epifcopal, fliould be furrendred as aforefaid ^ and in the o- ther, only fuch as were 'Jij>\al ; and only the latter (if polfible) fhould be furrendred, lea- vino; thole Privileges behind them which were granted by Topes and Bi(l}ops ,• but changing our purpofe, we afterwards fubmitted our Papal and Epifcopaly as well our Royal Grants to the King, by this Refignation of them. And the City, a- bout the fame time, tranfmitted the greateft part of their lyiplomas (tho' not al?, as they have iince complain'd) to the King, together with a Bond, whereby they oblig'd themlelves to abide and ftand to his Majefty's judgment and Deter- mination. Whatfoever Offices, &c. became va- cant in the Univerfity Difpofal the King filled up and gave away, in the intermediate Space of Time ^ and after he had weigh'd and confider'd well the Complaints made on each fide, he rati- fied and confirmed all the ancient Privileges of the Univerfity, commanding all Subje£ls, efpe- cially the Mayor and Citizens of Oxford, in no wife to infringe or violate any of them i And loon after were confirmed alio the Liberties of the City, tho' not according to the Expeftations of the Citizens, for that new Difputes and Varian- ces immediately arofe between the two Bodies or Corporations. But this Charter o^the Uni- N 3 verfiiy 1 82 The Anttent and Trefent State Part I. verfity was for many Reafons afterwards re- vok'd, and not reftor'd until the Year 1 543. as it has been already obferved. On the fixth of T>ecember the enfuing Year, there were here difcommon'd by a Sentence of the Convocation, the Mayor, two Aldermen, and twenty other BurgefTes, whofe Names and Crimes I rather chufe to forget than remember in this Place, as too tedious to the Reader ; and ihall therefore advance to 'treat of the Methods now ufed by the King, in difannuUing the Papal Power here among us. For no fooner had he gain'd the Title of Supreme Head of the Church of England^ next under God ; but that the Clergy alfb, in Convocation affembled, avowed on the Word of Fr lefts, that no Synods could be held without his Summons, and no Synodical or Pro- vincial Conftitution could be made or executed without the Royal Alfent and Confirmation thereof, under the great Seal of £«^/^»^^ which Declaration and Relblution was now fent by them to the Parliament, for a firmer Ratifica- tion, which gave this Statute the Name of The Suhmiffion Aci of the Clergy. And as thisUniver- fity had before, in the Year 1531. given a De- cifion on the Point of the King's Divorce, {6 was it now, on the King's Requeft to deliver its Opinion touching his Supremacy \ which, on due Confideration, was unanimoufly confented unto by 30 Doctors, and Batchelors in Divinity, delegated by the Convocation for the Solution of the following Queftion, te- rell. This Thunderbolt reach'd the Head of the City Recorder Wentworthy a fworn and de- clared Enemy to the Univerfity, and a great Promoter of all thefe DiiTenfions and Troubles, whereby every Peribn was forbid to confult him as a Lawyer, or to retain him in any Suit what- fbever, or to keep any Correfpondence with him or his Family *, yet during this difcommo- ning, fbme Perfons, regardlefs of* their Duty, and of the Oaths by them taken to defend the Univerfity Rights according to their beft Abili- ties, at length began to deal with the Perfons diicommon'd : wherefore they were admoniih*d by the Vice-Chancellor to forbear this Offence, under the Pains to be infli£l:ed on 'em by the Sta- tutes, of the Univerfity. ^t thisTime the Ma- glftrates of the Univerfity receiving frequent Complaints touching the Behaviour of the late Mayor QVilUam Patter) who, on leaving his faid OjSice, encourag'd tiie Bailiffs of the City in Law-fuits with the Univerfity, with the Promile of Aid herein from the City Cheft : A Convoca- tion was hereupon called, and for this and o- ther Crimes againft the Scholars, he was by u- nanimous Confent thereof, depriv'd of his Deal- ings with all Students and privileg'd Perfons* This gave an Occafion both to the Univerfity and City, of laying their Grievances before the King,. Gil. 6. €ftheUniverfityofOy.?OYiT)l Hof King, in his Council-Chamber at Whitehall^ ivE on the CounciTs, Hearing the Complaints on, each fide, it was pronounc'd in favour of the', Scholars, and the difcommon'd Citizens wer^ commanded to return home, and by a publick Acknowledgment of their Errors to ask Pardon for the fame, which they did accordingly on the ftrft of AwTufi, at a folemn Convocation in a Form prefcrib'd them. But before this Form was publickly read and fubfcrib'd by them, they' each of them feparately acknowledged their Ofc fence, and promifed a future Obedience and Ohftrvance of all the lawful Liberties, Privile^i ges, and Cuftoms of the Univerfity ; which Ac- knowledgment being forthwith reglftred, and o« . penly read by one of the Proflors in the Con- vocation Houfe, a Tranfcript thereof was given to each 'of the Criminals to fubfcribe his Name, and let his Seal thereunto ^ after they had done this, they were immediately pronounc'd to be. relaxed from the Sentence which they had in-^ eurr'd, whereby thefe two Corporations wer^ * reconcil'd for many Years. "-<,\'.\f But hence-forward the Peace of the X^nU verfity was not fb well preferv'd among ita own Members, miferably divided in their Ci^v pinions, and diflra£led with Religious DiiJ; putes, which were chiefly owing to Perlbns Pa- piflically and Puritanically inclin'd, the one fide adhering (as was pretended) to Arminitu and his Difciples, with (bme Leaven of Popery ming- led with their Principles ^ whilfl the other ftre- nuoufly aflerted the Doftrine of Calvin and his Followers. Among the Number of thefirft was William Laud, Batch, in Divinity, and after- wards Archbifiiop of Canterbury, who in th^ Year 1 606. utter'd fome Expreffions in a Ser- mon of his preach'd at St, ^^r/s Church, too much 2o8 The Antleftt and Trefent State Part I. ' much favouring ("as was thought by many of the Univerfity) of the %omcin Superftition ^ where- fore he was called upon by Y)uAiray^ the Vice- , Chancellor, to give an Account thereof ^ but LauA, fo far clear'd himfelf of the Charge a-, gainfl him, as to efcape a Re(:ra£^ation of his Opinions^ tho' the fame was earneftly laboured, and contended for with too much Realbn, by many of the chief of the Univerfity. Indeed theie Religious Differences very much quick- ened the Advancement of Learning, whilft each Party was fearching; for a found Foundation to ground the Superftrufture of their Belief on,^' but the ill Confequences of a perfecuting Spirit ever void of Charity, gain'd no Reputation or Advantage to Religion it felf : And from thefe Beginnings of Wrath and Vengeance in the U- niverfity, and King 'James's ^ramiiig a State-Po- licy on certain Principles of Religion^ by.hiin' conceived and adapted for the Support, of Arbi- trary Power in the Prince, the enfuing-Rage. of . Civil War and Rebellion Iprung up in the Land, which in few Years after introduc'd that heavy Vifitation on the Univerfity, which for Ibme time put an End to all our juft liberties and. Privileges, and became a Scourge in the Hands^ of Tyrants, to chaftife the Weaknefs and Folly of an undifcerning Spirit of Ambition. . In tjiik froward and angry State the Univerfity (ton(;i::[ nu'd for many Years, calling Perfons to an AcV, count on very flight Suggeflions from their Sermons, according to the Humour of thofs who had acquir'd fome Efle^m among the Court Flatterers, ilnd with the King himfelf, who was but too well pleafed withthefe violenC Proceedings in the Univerfity, believing this to". be the fureft Method of Efhiblifhing an abfb- lute Power in himfelf. It is true, he liv'd not -H-'^ to . Ch.6, of the Univerjity of O^vo-^Yi, 209 to fee the fatal Miferies his vyretched King- Craft had begun : But his Son King Charles the firft fucceeding him, a Prince of a more wilful and lefii cautious Spirit, purfued the fame Mea- flires his Father had entred upon, of fupporting his Government by a Party, which were to re- ceive their Principles from ambitious Church- men. For he, having ftronger Inclinations to advance the Prerogative, thought this End could not be accomplifh'd by any better Means, than by aggrandizing the Church, fo that they might lord it over the Laity ^ and therefore the Terms of Communion in his Reign were multi- plied and encreas'd, by ordaining fuch Condi- tions for the Admiilion of its Members therein- to, as had not been heretofore required ; which being introduc'd under the Countenance of Re- gal Authority, more firmly riveted to his Inte- reft and Defigns, all the afpiring Clergy, who we/e willing to narrow the Foundation of Reli- gion, that they might thereby exclude many^ good Chriftians from Preferments in the Church, upon the View almoft of a Monopoly. Thus were fome of the thirty nine Articles now ex- plain'd in a Senfe far different from the Letter, that Men might be diftinguifh'd under the Names o^ Caivinifis and Arminims •, the whole- fbm Doctrines of Obedience, as contain'd in the Homilies, were alio improv'd into the Divine Right of Kings,and ta the unlimited Conditions of Subjection to tliem : Thefe and fuch like Doctrines put this unthinking Prince upon fuch Meafures as ripen'd the Difcontents fown in his Father's Time, and brought on the Calamities which fo fatally overwhelmed the Son, and in his Ruin threatened almofl a total Deftru^ion to this Univerfity. ' P 1 210 The Antient and Trefent State Parti. 1 will not here e;ive a particular Relation of all the Sermons cenfur'd by the Univerfity , du- ring the Chancellorfhip of that Arminian ^rch- bifhop L^Md, almoft for no other Reafon but that thev favour'd too much o^ Calvin Ifm, the' on the Principles thereof the Articles them- felves were originally founded, yet with fome latitude, on a pious Defign of inviting all Chri- ftians into Communion with us : for as William lOiight^ of 5ro^<^^rff^-Hall hadbeen imprifbn'd long before for a Sermon preach'd at St. Peter^s Church in the £<«/?, on Palm-Sunday, wherein he afferted the Subject's Right of taking up Arms againft the Prince, in cafe of Perfecution for Re- ligion ^ fo no fooner was Laud made Chancel- lor, on the Deceaie of that wileand excellent Perfon the Earl of Pembroke, but that leveral Perfbns were called in Queftion for Taxing the Bifliops with Arminianlfm, the fafhionable Do- ftrine of thofe Days under fome Difguiffe ^ which brought on an Appeal before the King at Woodfioci by Brian Dz^j^p^, then Vice-Chancellor, touching the Pro£tors of the Univerfity, who had received the Appeal of two Perlbns under the laid Du^fas Difpieafiire, for refufing on a Summons to deliver up to him the Copies of two Sermons preach'd by them : This Matter gave the Univerfity much Trouble ^ but it wa^ at length decided in the Vice-Chancellor's Fa- vour by the Perfwafion of //^z/i/,tho' how agree- able to Law I fhall confider in another Place ^ by which Royal Decifion the Proctors were commanded to lay down their Offices, which they accordingly did, in a Convocation- held on the 26th of Aiigufl, and the tvo new Proftors ele£led the Day before^ were fworn into theif Room, Aq I Ch. 6. ' of the Univerjity of Oxford. 2h At the lame time were read in Convo^ion certain Royal Conftitutions, adapted to me fu- ture Punifhment of the like Offences, and in Precaution thereof. As firft, if the Vice- Chan- cellor fhall think fit to demand the Sermon of any Scholar, being prefent thereat himfelf, or on the Complaint of any Perfon offended therewith, fuch Preacher ihall be oblig'd to deliver up a true and perfect Copy thereof upon Oath to the Vice-Chancel lor , that the lame, by Cognizance taken thereof, may be in- fpefted either in Virtue of Leicefiers Statute, or that more modern one, whereby the Vice-Chan- cellor is requir'd to take fix Doftors to his Affi- ftance ^ which fiid Statutes fhall retain their an- tient Force and Vigour, until fome new Laws Ihall be provided touching the fame. 2^/y, That if the Vice-Chancellor lliall command any Perfon to go to Goal on the Account of his De- merits, or fhallcommit any onetoaBeadle for his Imprifonment, he Ihali go without Delay, or any Reluftancv ; and in Default thereof fhall be expelled the Univerlity, and cenfur'd as a Diflurber of the publick Peace thereof, and be for ever in this Cafe, without the Benefit of an Appeal. Lafllv, He commanded the Delegates now imploy'd in making a new Body of Statutes, to difpatch and haften the finilliing of the fame. The Chancellor, who was indeed a ftrenuous AfTerter of all our Liberties and Privileges, and the greateft Support of I .earning of any Perfon in his Time, now falling into Difcredit, and af- terwards into the Hatred of the .Parliament, gave the unruly Citizens hereby frelh Occafions of invading our Rights, and infulting our Per- Ions. For letting at nought the Power and Au- thority of the UniverfitylVIagiftrates, they now P 2 appointed 2 1 2 The Antient and Trefent State Part I. app(ii|ted a Clerk of the Market out of their own Body, and in their Court Leets they took Cosninmce of Paving and cleanfing the Streets, and afcertain'd Prices on Candles according to Pleafure, which Right had been vefted in the Chancellor alone for Time immemorial ^ and laftly, they fcrupl'd not to arreft our Perfons by the Mayor's Procefs, and to bring Scholars and privileg'd Perfons before their own Tribunal ^ and alfo to difturb the very Proctors themfelves in their Night-watch, claiming to themfelves all Felons Goods : And to confummate their Malice againft our Privileges, they prefented to the Parliament falfe and fcandalous Petitions touching the fame, with a View of Repealing all our Charters. But the Univerfity obviated all thefe wicked Arts and Machinations,by a Pe- tition foon after prefented alfo to the Houle of Lords. The Merits of thefe petitions were heard on both fides," May 9. 1640. a Commit- tee being in the mean while appointed to fearch the Records of each Body : And when .the Lords feem'd inclin'd to pronounce in Favour of the Univerfity, the Earl of Berhjhirc^ Lord High Steward of the Cit^j, pray'd an Arbitra- tion hereof :i and the Univerfity^ on their Part, nam'd the Earls of Pembroke^ Vorfety Brifiol 9 the Bifhops of Lincoln and Chichefler \ and the City, on their behalf nominated the Earls of Bath and Southampton, the Vifcount Say, the Lord Roharts, and fbme others. Soon after the Upper Houle of Parliament order'd two or three Perfons to adjufl this Difference among them, andfo the Matter ended. Pending this Controverfy, the Mob of the Cify every Day and Night affeinbled at Cairfax, traducing the Magiftrates of the Univerfity with all tj"»e reproachful Calumnies their Ma- lice Ch. ^. (f the Univerfity 0/ Oxford. 213 lice could invent \ and aiTaulted one of the Proftors in the Execution of his Office, on his coming to difperfe this Rabble, met together in the High'fireetj m order to refcue a lewd Wo- man from Puniihment. The Prodor in Def- pair of repreffing this Riot by his own Autho- rity, earneftly importun'd the Mayor's Aid and Afiiftance for calming the Citizens Minds, and bringing them to Order \ whereupon fbme of the Ring-leaders were feiz'd and imprifbn'd. This Ferment grew to fuch a Height, that tlio Townfmen rung out their Alarum Bell once or twice, and proclaim'd open War with the Scho- lars, and if they had been as willing to engage as the froward Citizens, no doubt as bloody a Slaughter had now enfued thereupon, as in the great Conflict, anno\'>,<^^, which God for ever avert. Thus were the Heats and Pailions between the Scholars and Townfmen, and even amons^ the Students themfelves, contending with each other in the Pulpits and elfewhere, with more Warmth than Reflection, about Doftrines ra- ther favouring of the Schools than Religion, the unhappy Preludes of that Herce Civil War which foUow'd in the Kingdom thereupon, and brought on that heivy Judgment of a Vifitation in this Univerfity -^ which 1 fiiall now confider rather with Grief and Lamentation than with the Sentiments of Wrath and Indignation, for the Iniquities and Violence attending it. This Vifitation of the Univerfity of Oxford was begun in the Year 1 647, by certain Perfons delegated by the Parliament for this End, and was not finjih'd till the Year enfuing -^ m which the Earl of Pembroke was contented to be em- ploy'd as Chancellor of the Univerfity, who had taken an Oath to defend the Rights and Privile- P 3 ges ; 1 4 The Antient and Trefent State Part I. ges thereof^ ' notwithftanding which, as the ' U^rl of Clarendon ohijsi-ves m his Hiftory, * out of the extreme Weaknefs of his Underftand- - inq, and the miferable Compliance of his Na- ture, he fuffer'dhimfe If to be made a Proper- ty in joining with Brent, Vrynne, and fome Committee Men, and Presbyterian Minifters, as Commiliioners for the Parliament,to reform the Difcipline, and erroneous Doftrine of that famous Univerfity, by the Rule of the Co- venant •, which was the Standard of all Mens "Learning and Ability to govern ^ all Perfbns of that Quality being requir'd to fubfcribe that Teft ,• which the whole Body of the Uni- verfity was fb far from fubmitting to, that they met in their Convocation, and, to,their eternal Renown, (being at the fame Time un- der a ftrid and ftrong Garrilbn, put over them by the Parliament, the King in Prifon, and all their Hopes defperate) pafled a pub- lick Aft and Declaration againfi: the Covenant, with fuch invincible Arguments of the Illega- lity _, Wickednefs and Perjury, contain'd m it, that no Man of the contrary Opinion, nor the Affembly of the Divines (which then fate at Wefiminfier, forming a new Catechifm, and Scheme of Religion) ever ventur'd to make any Anfvver to it ^ nor is it indeed to be an- fwer'd, but mufl remain to the World's End, as a Monument of the Learning, Courage and Loyalty, of that excellent Place, againft the higheft Malice and Tyranny that was ever ex- ercis'd in or over any Nation ^ and which thofe famous Commiffioners only anfwer'd by ex- pelling all thofe who refus'd to fubmit to their Jurifdiftion, or to take the Covenant -^ which was, upon the Matter, the whole Univerfity, ■fcarce one Governor and Mafter of College or [ Hall, Ch. 6. of the Univerfity of Oy^^OKti, 215 Hall, and an incredible fmall Number of the Fello'vs or Scholars, fubmitting to either. Whereupon that Delolation being made, they .placed in their Rooms the moft notorious fa- ftious Presbyterians in the Government of the feveral Colleges or Halls, and fuch other of the fame Leaven in the Fello'vfhips and Scho- lars Places, of thofe whom they had expell'dj without any Regard to the Statutes of the fe- veral Founders, and the Incapacities of the Perlbns that were put in. The Omnipoteuca of an Ordinance of Parliament confirmed all that was this Way done ^ and there was no farther contending againft it. * It might reafbnably be concluded, tluit this wild and barbarous Depopulation would even extirpate all that ^.earning, Religion and Loyalty, which had fb imminently tiouriili'd there -^ and that the fucceeding ill Husbandry and unskilful Cultivation, would have made it fruitful only in Ignorance, Profanation, A- theifm and Rebellion y but by God's wonder- ful BleiTmg, the Goodnefs and Richnefs of that Soil could not be made barren by all that Stupidity and Ignorance. It choak'd the Weeds, and would not fulTer the poifonous Seeds, which were fbwn with Induftry enough, to fpring up ^ but after feveral Tyrannical Governments mutually fucceeding each other, and with the fame Malice and Perverfenefs endeavour'd to extinguiih all good Literature and Allegiance, it yielded a Harveft of ex- traordinary good and found Knov/ledge in all Parts of Learning ; and many who were wick- edly introduc'd, apply'd themfelves to the Study of good Learning, and the Practice of Virtue, and had Inclination to that Duty and Obedience they had never been taught -, fo Pa . * that 1 c \ I 2 1 6 The Ant lent and Trefent State Part J. ' that when it pleafedGod to bring K. CharlesU. ' back to his Throne, he found that Univerii- *,tv (not to undervalue the other, which * had nobly likewife rejefted the ill Infufioiig ' which had been induftrioufly poured into it^ ' abounding in excellent Learning, and devo- * ted to Duty and Obedience, little inferior to * what it was before its Defolation ; which is a lively- Inftance of God's Mercy and Purpofe, * for ever fo to provide for his Church, that ' * the Gates of Hell fhall never prevail againft ' it ^ which were never open'd wider, nor with ' more Malice than in that time. And thus far from the Hiftory of that noble Peer, the Earl of Clarendon \ a Copy of which he bequeath'd as a Legacy to the Univerfity of Oxford^ to make Ibme Reparation for the Damages it fuftain'd during the Rage of this unnatural civil War : which Gift, if it had been rightly improv'd and honeftly manag'd by thofe who had the Care of its Impreffion, might have been a Bene- faftion of an ineftimable Value to us. But it falling into the Hands of a Perfbn opprefled with the want of Money, &c. it has come fliort of its jufi: ProEt and Advantage above three thoufand Pounds, hideed there were fbme lau- dable Efforts made to recover part of this Sum in the Vice-Chancellorfhip o\'D\:. Lane after ^ by Vertue of a Sequeflration ; but his honeft En- deavours have fince been rendred vain and fraiit- lefs, by the bafe Spirit of one of his SucceiTors. Leaving then this Digreilion, which is fo natu- ral to fall in upon a Mention or Recital of my Lord Clarendon'' s Hiftory, I will now proceed to give a more particular Account of this dire- J. L). i(<47. fuJ Vifitation, begun on Saturday the firft of May, by Nath. Brent, Warden of Merton Col- lege, Mr. Edmard Corbet of the fan^e, JoM P^- ■ - lixto?i Ch. 6. cfthe Univerfity of Oxford. 217 lixton of the Middle Temple Efq-, Mr, Hen, Wtlkinfun fen. late of MagdalenHalij Will, Frynne of Lincoln s- Inn Elq; Will. Tiffing Gent. Sir Will, Cobb Knight, George Greenwood Gent. Dr. Johi Wilhnfon Principal of Magdalen Hall, Edward Reynolds late of <:JMerton Fellow, Rob. Harris of Magdalen Hall, Eran. Chejnell late of Merton^ John Packer of Berkshire Efq; John Wilkinfon of Bucks Gent. j£'/;« Mills of Chrift-Church A. M. Chrifiofher Rogers Principal of iVfiP Inn Hall, JFiV/. Ct;;^ Efq^ Barth. Hall of the Middle Tem- ple Efq^ Tho. Knight of Lincolns-hm Efq^ 7o^» Heylin of Greys-Inn Efq; Will.T>rafer of Nether- Worton Efq^ 6'^^. ^rc;^ of hincolns-Inn Efcjj John Car twright of Aynoe Efq*, ^nd Sam. Dunch of Pufcy Efq;, all thefe were Delegates com- miffion'd by that which (in the facred Stile of thofe Times) was called The Blejfed Parliament^ and were order'd to vifit the Univerfity, and each of its Colleges and Halls,for the better Re- formation and good Government thereof, and for the Correftion of all Excelfes and Abufes therein. Soon after this Parliamentary Order, a Citation was iffued out for the Commence- ment of this Vifitation, which was highly pro- moted by a fort of People then known by the Kame of Seekers ^ from their Hopes of fucceed- ing into the Places of Perfons expell'd or remo- ved from thence ^ which Citation fee in the Affendlx p. cxxvi, and Copies thereof were deliver'd to all the Heads of Colleges and Halls, and to the Proftors of the Univerfity, and o- thers affixed on the Walls and publick Places .therein, for their Appearance on the 4th of June. In the mean while the Governors of the Univerfity had frequent Meetings at Chnft- Church and All Souls Colleges, in order to confi- der what was proper to offer upon this Occafion, '" and 2 1 8 The Ant lent and Trefent State Pa rt I • and in this critical Juncture of Affairs ^ and on the fir ft of June^ a Convocation was thereupon alTeinbled , wherein Dr. Fell thd Vice-Chancellor, after-he had open*d the Caule of that AiTembly, made an eloquent Speech on the Nature of the Matter then before them j whereupon the Scholars immediately reiblv'd with one Confent to exhibit an Apology, or their Reafbns for their Non-conformity to the Demands of the Commillioners, which was call'd the Decree of the Univerfity of Ox- fordy fliewing by the ftrongeft Arguments, and fuch as were never yet anfwer'd, the Illegality of taking the Solemn League and Covenant^ which with the Apology, is too long to be inferted here ^ and therefore I ihall return to the Viii- tors expeded on the Day of Appointment, re- ferring the Reader to the League and Covenant^ and this Judgment thereon printed by it felf. On the 3d o^June Merton College Gates were • fet open for their Reception^ fthe Vifitation be- m ing held therein) where many of the Scholars in the utmoft Defpair waited their coming, there . being all manner of Provifion made for that end. But their journey from London was deferred by a Hidden Tumult happening there, by an Infult committed on the Parliaments Forces ,* where- upon the abfent Delegates difpatch'd a Pacquet of Letters to their Minilters at Oxford ^to fignify a Prorogation of their Meeting until the long Vacation Time, there being alfo now a Muti- ny among the Garrifon at Oxford , which might interrupt their Vifitation, and prove of dangerous Coiifeqiience to the Affairs of Parlia- m.ent, which was mobbed and infulted alfo in London. This News gave the Scholars Ibme Dawnings of Hopes, believing that the few De- legates prefent at Oxford would not attempt a Work Ch. 6. of the Univerftty of Oxford. 219 Work fo difficult and dangerous from the Po- fture of the Parliament 3 or Cat ieaft ) they thought this would put off the Vifitation till thofe Commiffioners now in London could weH attend : But the next Morning the aforelaid Ro- gers^ Harris, Reynolds, Wilkinfon len. and Chey- nell, prepar'd themfelves^to enter on the \^ifi ra- tion, it being their Intereft that this Vifitation ihould proceed, being likely to become Gainers thereby, which animated their Courage much. T>unchy ^Draper, and John Wilkinfon Gent, were already repair'd hither, not in the leaft doubt- ing of a Convention of almoft all the Commif- fioners. Harris went to St. Mary?, Church, ac- companied with a great Number of the Stu- dents, rather affefted with the Novelty of the Thing than with any Rei^ft or Love to the Presbyterian Intereft ; from whence, after Prayers and a Sermon preach'djthey immediate- ly attended him to the Schools •, but before the Delegates could get thither, it vvas p^ift eleven a- clock in the Morning •, for it is to be obferv'd, • that according to the Tenor of the abnvefaid Ci- tation, the Time aftign'd by the Delegates for the Appearance of the Perfbns fummon'd, was between the Hoi#s of Nine and Eleven in the Morning •, which Period of Time being elapfed by the long ringing out of the Sermon Bell, and the Prayers and Sermon enfuing thereupon, the \'ice-Chancellor, Doftors and Proftors, with many Mafters of Arts, exhibited their Prefence by a diligent Attendance and Expectation of the Court fitting, laying hold on this Occafion as a Plea to elude the Force of the Citation *, although at the fame tim.e they had refolved a- mong themfelves not to acknowledge the Pow- er and Jurifdidion of this pretended Tribunal : and therefore, left the Commiffioners ihould $ pro- 220 The Antient and Trefent State Part I. proceed againfl: them immediately, as P^rfons contumacious and confeiling the Articles exhi- bited, they pleaded the irregular Seflion of the Court, and protefled againfl the Incompetency thereof in Refpeit of time. The Students with this Opportunity put into their Hands of pro- craftinating the Vifitation, immediately entred the Convocation Houfe, (for they were before walking before the Doors, and fitting in the A- podyterium) and by the Voice of their Profl:or, in the Prefence of a Notary Publick, declared, that in purfuance of an Order of both Houfes of parliament, thev gave Appearance fas com- 4 June, manded) on the Day, Place and Hours ap- pointed for that End ; and the faid Time being now pafTed, they did not hold themfelves ob- lig'd to continue or fbay there any longer, and hereupon the Vice-chancellor commanded the Perfbris to return each of them to their refpe- ftive Homes. The Vice-Chancel lor and Doftors, in their return "home, with the Beadles before them, happen'd to meet the Vifitors in the narrow Paf- fage before the Schools, whom one of the Bea- dles faluted in this manner. Farcwe/l, Gentle- men, it is pafi eleven a-clockB W^hereupon the Scholars gave a great Shout, and thus left the Vifitors to be attended by the Towns Boys and the young Students, who charged the Perfons cited with an unheard of Contumacy. On the 5th oi'June it was agreed among the Delegates of the Univerfity, ly?, That no one iliould give any Appearance at this Court with- out anew Citation emitted and ftrencthned with c the Names of five Commiilioners. idly. That no one appear on a Holiday. 3^/y, That when- Ibever any Perfon appear'd, he Should know by \vh^l; Authority he w^is fummon'd thither, an^l if Ch. 6, of the llmverfity of Ox v or d. 221 if the Viiitors refus'd to acquaint him, that he fliould immediately depart. 4//?/)?, That if the Vifitors gave any Indications of their Power, then he ihould anfwer under this Caution inter- posed, viz,. Saving the Rights of the Kingdom, tht Vniverfity'y and mv Cc 'lege , and all others whatfoe- ver, and howfoever unto me accruing, ^thly. That every Student Ihould pray a due Time to be af- fign'd him for the giving of his Anfwer, and fhould alfo demand a Copy of his Accufation in Writing, and if refufed to be granted, he ihould notwithftanding give in his Anfwer in Writing. 6thlyj That if they attempted to ad- minifter the Oath De Officio to him, in Relation to his Anfwer thereon, he Ihould refufe the fame, as illegally tender'd, it being prohibited by Aft of Parliament. On the 26th of Augufl following, a new Ci- tation was iffued out by both Houfes of Parlia- ment for the Vifitation and Reformation of all Colleges and Halls in this Univerfity •, which was ftiled the Additional Ordinance, wherein, after it wasdeclar'd that the Cathedral Church or College o^ Chrifi -Church is no lefs fubjeft to the Power of this Vifitation, together with its Dean, Prebendaries and Students, &c. belonging there- unto, than other Colleges ^ it is thus decreed ; That the Vifitors firft appointed, or any five of them, &c. or more, fliould be fully impower*d to adminifter the Solemn League and Covenant^ and the Negative Oath, and ■a\\^o to compel all Univerfity Members to take the fime. idly^ That it ihould be lawful for the fald Vifitors to demand* and thoroughly toperufeall the Sta- tutes, Regifters, Diaries, Matriculation-Books, Charters, and Books of Accounts commonly called the Burfar's Books, the Conftitutions, and all manner of Writings relating to the Go- ^ • vern- 322 *The Antient and Trefent State Part I. vernment and Affairs of the faid Univerfity, and of all Colleges and Hails appertaining there- unto, ^dly. That they might fummon before J them and imprifon any Perfon, after a perfonal I Citation ferved on him, and compel him to produce the aforefaid Writings or any of them, and on refulal commit the Party in Contempt to Goal, until fuch time as the laid Books, &c. were deliver'd up to the Vilitors, or elfe Ibme iiifficient Cauie fliewn to the contrary, viz.. why he did not produce them. And Ufily, That they fhould have the Power of the Univerlity Priibn, and might imprifon any Member of the Univerlity, or of any College or Hall therein, refufingor omitting to appear before them after fuch perfonal Citation. 4.thly, That all Mem- bers and Officers of the Univerfity, and of eve- ry College and Hall therein, and all other Per- fons within the Precinds thereof, of the Age of one and twenty Years and upwards, or at leaft ilich and as many of them as fliall be judged convenient, ihall be by thefe Vilitors alTembled or impanell'd, to enquire by Virtue of an Oath touching all Crimes and Offences whatlbever contain'd in the aforelaid Ordinance, according to the Articles ofhiquiry founded in the faid Ordinance, and a'pprov'd by the Handing Com- mittee of the Lords and Commons named in' this Ordinance •, and judicially to appear with their Prefentment of thefe Crimes ; and that thefe Vilitors might compel all WitneflTes whatfoever to appear under an Examination upon Oath, in the Cogiiifance found for the Punifhment of thele Crimes. ')fhly. That Oliver 5?. Johns, the Kind's Atturney-General, Ihould write this Commiilion, and tranfmit it to thefe Vifitors, thereby giving them a full Power of vifiting this Univerlity, and of all Colleges, Halls, and ♦ H Mem- Gh.6. of the Vmver/tty of OxfotudI $2j Members vvhatfoever, without any further Warrant or Authority whatever , and this CommifTion was fealed with the Great Seal of Em I and then in Ufe, tho' a falfe one. 6thly^ Tliat the Authority of the Parliament would le- cure and indemnify the laid Viiitors in whatlb- ever they fhould do in execatingrof the faid Or- dinance, ithly. That the faid Vifitors, or any five of them, fhould be impower'd to alTume a Scribe or Aftuary, or any other Officers necef- iary in this Vifitation, who were for their Ser- vice herein to receive Stipends to be decreed tiiem by the ftanding Committee of Lords and Commons. %thly. That all Sheriffs, Mayors, and other Magiftrates, fhould be at Hand, and aflift the aforefaid Vifitors, or any five of them or more, and their Officers, in the Execution of all Matters entrufled with them : And thus far of the chief Heads of this additional Order. The fame Day other Mandates were iffued out touching this Vifitation, flich as, via. ifi. That the Vifitors fhould fit together at Oxford de die in diem J making the aforefaid Enquiry, though fbmeof them had or fhould adjourn the Vifita- tion to a further Day, and that they fhould be- gin the fame with the Magiflrates of the Unlver- fitv, the Heads of Houies, and Canons of C/^r//?- Church, idly. That it was the Duty of thefe Vifitors not only to enquire touching the Stu- dents of the Univerfitv,but alfo tochaflife them, and to reform their Manners, sdly, That they fliould enquire who were prefent at the Convo- cation held on the t i th of July, 1 6^1. and tranf^ mitted to his Majefly, then waging War againfl the Parliament, the Univerfity Mony by way of Loan, which tho' a fmall Sum *, has never fince ^ 860 1. been paid by the Crown, but is made a Part of the Pro^lors Petition in pafTing the Univerfity Accounts. . Sept, 224 ^he Antient andTrefent Stats Part I. Seft. 24. the Committee emitted their De- cree for vifiting the Univerfity, and that the CommifTioners or Vifitors named in the Ordi- nance made May i . might enquire, hear and de- termine, all and lingular Crimes, Oifences, A- bufes, and other Matters whatibever, accord- ing to the Laws and Statutes of the Realm, or according to the Cuftoms or Statutes of the U- niverfity legally eftablifh'd, and according to the Statutes of every College and Hall, in the Courfe and Method of Vifiting the Univerfity ^ and all Colleges, Halls, Mafters, Scholars, Go- vernors, ProfefTors, Students, Fellows, Mem- bers and Officers, or any of them apart ^ and that they fhould have Authority to proceed to all the aforefaid Effects and Purpofes, and even to a definitive Sentence againft any Magiftrate of the Univerfity, or any Head of a College or Hall therein, in Purfuance of the Laws, Sta- tutes and Cuftoms aforefaid, or any of them, for the Reformation of the Univerfity, and of 'all Colleges and Halls'in the fame, and for the due Punifhment of all their Crimes, Abufes, and ExcefTes. Moreover it was order'd by the faid Committee, that the Vifitors fhould be im- power'd to examine touching the Dean, Canons, Students, &c. of the Cathedral or Collegiate Church called Chrifi-Church ^ and alfo touch- ing all and every Governour, Mafter, Profef^ lor, Fellow, Graduate, Student, Scholar, and Member, of all and every College and Hall within the Univerfity, and all and every /officer belonging to thele Colleges and Halls, on the following hiterrogatories, viz.. ij?, (Whether all or any of their Members had Jomitted to take the Solemn League and Co- venant, or the Negative Oath, or either of them. i^/^jWhetJier all or any of them, in their ' , Office Ch. 6, (fthe Univerfity of Oxfok d» 225 Office or Station, had impugned the Execution of the Order of Parliament, touching the Dire- ftory or Difcipline thereof? si/y, Whether any of them had oppos'd any Article of Doctrine therein, either by Word or Writing ? and efpe- cially whether they had deliver'd, approv'd, or openly profefs'd, 2iny Arminian, Sochiian, or Papal Error} ^.thly. Whether any of them had been in Arms againft the Parliament, or any Forces rai fed by the Authority of Parliament, or had been aiding and ailiOing to Forces levi*- ed againft the Parliament ^ and efpecially whe- ther any of them had tranfmitted any Money or Gold, or Silver Plate to the King, as an Aid or Encouragement for him to wage War againft the Parliament, or had pray'd him to fend For- ces to Oxfordy to fcreen Delinquents there from the Juftice of the Parliament, or had per- fwaded him to garrilbn the City and fortify the fame againft the Parliament, and to coUeft Mo- ney for the Defence thereof, from the Month of June 1 6^2. to the faid Month in the Year 164.6. or at any Time within the faid Time ? 'ythly. What Crimes, Offences, and Abufes, have been either formerly or. lately committed by any Officer or Member of the Univerfity, againft any Laws or Statutes of the Realm •, or againft any Statutes or Cuftoms of the Univer- fity ^ or againft any particular Statutes of parti- cular Colleges or Halls. After f^his came a Commiffion under the greae Seal of Endand, to begin the Vifitation ^ for tho' the Parliament had not the genuine and au- thentick Seal, yet they made ufe of a fpurious one in all their Matters : and thereupon they commanded the Attorney-General and others of that ftde concerned herein, to hafteii and dif- patch tliis Commiilion j which was done on the Q. 27th 326 The Antient and Trefent State Part T. A. D. 1647. 27th of September, and from the Ordinance al- ready exhibited in no wife different, begins thus, •viz,. CaroluSy Dei gratia, &c. fidelibus & admo' dum dileBis, ISlath. Brent Ecjulti aurato, Edvoar^ do Corbet, &c. (here are all the other Commif- fioners recounted in order). Sciatis, quod nos at' tendentes ac dejignantes Regulationem ac Re forma-' tionem Vniverftatis nojha Oxonienjis^ ^ Ecclejtde Cathedralis feu CoIlegiatA, feu Collegii i/£dis Chri- fii, nee non aliorum omnium Coll. & Aularum in" tra diEham Vniverfitatem, &c. On the 30th oi September a Citation was to e- very Head of a Houfe, commanding him to ex- hibit and deliver up all their Statutes, Regi- flers. Diaries, Books of Account, and all man- ner of Conftitutions and other Writings^ touch- ing the Bufinels and Government of their Socie- i ties, into the Hands of the Vifitors fitting toge- ! ther at Merton College. And the fame Day they cited Dr. Eell, the Vice-Chancellor, to ap- pear before them at this College, in order to fiibje6fc himfelf to their Enquiry and Examina- tion, and to give an Anfwer to fuch Queftions as fhall be propounded to him. And ^dly. They hereby ordered him to tranfmit to them (the Vilitors) by the Hands of their Mandatory, all the Books and Afts of Convocation, and all o- ther Writings of the Univerlity, which were in the Cuflody of the Regifter of the Univerfity. The fame Day the Proftors were command- ed to produce their Books, Keys, &c. but nei- ther the Proftors, nor the Vice-Chancelbr o- bey'd their Orders \ nay, not io much as the Heads of Houfes, they all refufing to deliver up their Books, &c. to the Delegates. And on the lame Day, the Vifitors appointed two, three, or four Delators, or hiformers, in every Gollei^e and Hall,: to infped the Daily Afl:s of all Ch* 6. (f t/be Umver/tty (f OxFOKv* 227 all Governors, Profe/Ibrs, Officers, &c. of the Univeriity. On the firft of OBoher, the Vifitors ordered Cheynell, one of their Number, to wait on the Standing Committee at London, touching the So- lution of fome Doubts contained in the Articles agreed on for the Surrender of the City of Ox- ford, and arifing about the lame ^ and to receive their Anfvver to five Queftions propofed by the Vifitors *, that by removing thefe Obftruftions, they might proceed with greater Freedom and Alacrity in the Reforming of the Univerfity. On the 4th o^Otlober^ the Vifitors again com- manded Dr. Fell to appear before them on the Wednefday following, and to bring with him the Univerfity Books, and thofe of his own Houfo, which they order'd by a Citation tranfmitted to him on the Day aforefaid, to which he refufed Obedience, communicating the Vifitors Com- mands to the Delegates of the Univerfity, who the next Day fent Letters to the Vifitors under the Publick Seal of the Univerfity, to know by what Authority they demanded their Statutes, Regifters, &c. tho' what Anfwer was given hereunto we know not. On O^ober the 6th the Heads of Houfes ap- peared ^ but brought not with tliem the Books and Regifters demanded by the Vifitors, pray- ing to know by what Authority they were fum- moned thither :, for that the Comraillion drawn in the King's Name was of a forg'd Nature, &€, At the fame Time a Mandate in Vl^riting was iifued out, and given to the Heads of Colle- ges, commanding them to appear on the nth Inftaiit, and bring with them all their Books, Statutes, &c. aforefaid, and to deliver them into their Hands, or to ihew Caufe in Writing to the contrary ; after which the Vice-Chan- Q, 2 cellor, 22S The Antlent andTrefent State Parti. cellor. Dr. Fell, was again called for his Ap- pearance this Day at Noon, according to the Vifitors Decree. On OSiober the 7th the Clerk of the Univerfity was order'd to produce the Keys of the Schools and the Convocation- Houfe, who anfwer'd that they were in the Cu- ftody of the Vice-Ghancellor ; which thing was alfo at the fame time affirmed by the Beadles, being commanded immediately to furrender up their Staves to them. Hereupon the Vice- Chancellor was again cited, but he not appear- ing, the Vifitors prorogued the Term to the fif- teenth of A^w^/w^fr, notwithftanding it was wont to commence the loth o^OBober i, and this they did by a Decree affixed up and down on the Walls, &c. in the publick Places of the Uni- 7 OQob, verfity. On this Day the Mafter of Pembroh' College appear'd, and exhibited his Anfwer in this manner. * According to the Commands ' of the Citation I appear. I have infpefted * your Commiffion, and thoroughly confider'd * the fame. I find the King's oSIame, together * with the Year of his Reign, and the great ' Seal put thereunto *, but I would know whe- ^ ther this Commiffion was granted and iffued * by his Majefiy's Confent : - and I pray leave of * waiting on the King, and that with the great- * er Delire^ becaufe, if the fame has been e- * mitted without his Knowledge or Confent, I * cannot obey it with a fafe Confcience ^ for * that a Violation of the Oaths taken to the * King, the Univerfity, and my own College, * would from thence follow and enfue : Andfo * you have my Opinion. Hen. Wlghtwick, O^o^fr the 8th, the Proctors of the Univerii- ty, in the Name of all the Students, refufmg to acknow- Ch. 6. qftheUniverfityofOyiVQ'Siii, 229: acknowledge the aforefaid Perfons as lawful Vifitors, appear'd in the Morning, with a Pro- teftation to this EfFed, before the faid Vifitors, viz.. ' Whereas the Vice-Chancellor and Pro- ftors (the Magiftrates and publick Officers of theUnlverfity) have been commanded by fe- veral Citations to appear before the faid Com- miilioners, fitting together in Merton College ; and whereas they have communicated this to him and us, (the Delegates of the Univerfity^ we the, faid Delegates, together with the Vice-Chancellor and Proftors, duly weighing the Premiffes, and deliberating thereon, in the Name of all the Students, Cpaying all manner of Reverence to both Honourable Houfes of Parliament, and dueRefped: to every Perlbn thereof, and to the Offices they execute) do with Humility interpole our Opifiion, and fay, that vve can acknowledge no other Vifitor than the King himfelf, or him unto whom he has immediately delegated and granted his Power ^ for as much as this Power of Vifiting the Univerfity is to be acknowledged among the undoubted Rights of the Crown, (which we are bound to defend, as well on account of feveral Obligations in Law, as on Account of our late Proteflation) and alio among the chief Privileges of the Univerfity, f which we are no lefs obliged by feveral Statutes and Oaths to maintain ) and that the lame beiongs to the King, and no one elfe : And therefore, with- out manifefl Danger of .various and manifold Perjury, we think we cannot fubmit to this Vifitation, nor can we acknowledge the Per- fons fent by both Houles of Parliament to be lawful Vifitors, &c. To the Right Worfhip- ful T^th. Brent Knt. and the reft of the Com- niiilioners fitting together in Aicrton College, Ci 3 B-irnahy 23 D The Antient and Trejent State Part I. BArnaby Love, Notary Publick, efpecially re- quired to bear Witnefs hereunto. On the fame Day an Order was affix'd on the Walls of Pembroke College Hall, commanding all the Members of this College perfbnally to appear between the Hours of feven and eight in the Morning;, the next Day, there to receive the Vifitors Decree about the Mafterihip of that Society. At Noon another Order was affixed on the School's Gate, depriving Dr. Fell of the Vice-Ghancellorihip, on a Pretence th^at he was admitted thereunto by the Marquefs of Hert^ ford, but in reality becaufe he oppos'd the Pro- ceedings of the Vifitors with fmgular Honefty and Magnanimity. Hereupon they tranfmit- ted another Decree to him, commanding him to yield up the Statute- Books, Keys, Seals, and other Badges*of his Office, as Vice-Chancellor, together with all Writings, Goods, and pub- lick Deeds, belonging to the Univerlity ^ which he refufmg to do, another Order was the lame Day promulgated, whereby he was declared to be deprived of his Oifice ; and Notice hereof given to the Pro-Vice-Chancelbrs, Do£Vors, Proftors, and all Scholars. OElober th^ pth the Vifitors chofe one Langley, a Presbyterian Mi- nifter into the Headfhip of Pembroke College, in the Room of Henry Wightwick ejected ^ pre- tending firfij' thB.t the Parliament had pronoun- ced the faid Lanq^ley to be the Mafter thereof, Ang4 z6. jn Aug-u^ laft. idly. That Wightwick was ele- ildd by the Society contrary to Right and Equi- ty, 'uiz.. in Contempt of the frequent Com- mands fent by the Parliament, and forbidding the eleO:ing of Wightwick. On the fame Day, the Vice-Chancellor furamon'd John French, the tJniverfity-Regifter before him ., and delive- riiag to him the Book of Convocation- Afl:s,com- ,•> manded Ch. 6. of the Univerjity of Okfokd, 231 manded him to regifter the Names of the Dele- gates chofen the firft of June laft ; who were impower'd to anfwer in tlie Name of the Uni- verfity, touching all Things concerning the pub- lick State thereof. On the 1 1 th of October^ Brent and Wilhnfon moved, that they might at* tend the Committee at London, and acquaint them with their Proceedings herein, and re- ceive further necefiary Inftru£bions, in Relati- on to Dr. Fell, who notwithftanding his Depri- vation, a£led as Vice-Chancellor ^ and that a Report hereof fhould be made to the Earl of Pembroke, the Chancellor of the Univerfity, praying to name Ibme other fit Perfon in the Room of Dr. Fell, remov'd from his Office. But the lame Day the Vice-Chancellor calfd a Con- gregation of Regent Mafters, and began the Term according to the Statutes and Iblemn Cu- ftom of the Univerfity, without ihewing any Regard to the aforefaid Prorogation of the Viii- tors j and the Beadles laying down their Staves according to antient Cuftom, he commended their Diligence and Fidelity. In the After- noon the Heads appear'd before the Vifitors, and gave their Realbns why they could not de- liver up the Things lb often in vain demanded of them, each of them in a different Form, al- tho' they all agreed almoft in the fame Matter, viz,. ' That thefe Books contain'd the Secrets of the Societies, and therefore could not be dif- cloled without incurring the Danger of Perju- ry ^ for that according to the Statutes, the Government and Affairs of thefe Bodies ought not to be infpefted by any one of what Con- dition foever ^ unleis by the particular Vic- tors appointed by each refpe£live Founder thereof, and their Delegates and Commiiia- riesonly j and that they were each of them Q. 4 * "^ 23 2 The Ant\ent and Trefent State Pa rt I. * in their feveral Stations bound by an Oath to * take crtre and fee the lame obferved. And therefore pray'd, that they might not be forced to the Violation of their Statutes, and confe- quently of their Oaths, which they thought no human Power could difpenfe with, or releate them from. The fame Day between the Hours of rwo and four in the Afternoon, Ibme of the publick ProfeiTors and Lefturers appear'd before the Vifitors, in obedience to a Citation of the pth of O^obcrj who were commanded not to obey Dr. Fell as Vice-ChanceDor, for the future, it being fignified to them, that they need not perform their Lectures according to Cuftom, fince they had prorogued the Term^ as afore- fald. On the I ith the Viiitors prorogued their next Meeting or SefTion to the i6th, and it was the fame Day fignified to Dr. Fell to attend the Committee of I,ords in London \ for an Order was made the %th of th^'s Month for thearreft- ing of the Vice-Chancellor, and bringing him a Prifoner to London. On the 23<5/ Dr. Potter^ Prefident of Trinity College^ fupplying the Ab- sence of Fell J held a Convocation, wherein the Tranfadions of theUniverfity-Delegates, and the Anfwf»r of the %th in the Name of the Uni- * ^verfity, prefented by the Proftors to the Par- liament Vifitors, were approved and ratify'd. On the i6ih the Vifitors met at theHoufeof Sir William Tippyng, a Conde legate in Canditch^ and prorogued their next Seilion to the i^thprox. on which at two a Clock in the Afternoon they affembled at Mr. CheynelPs Chambers, fituated oxer Merton College great Gate ^ and there anci ^ then decreed Dr. Potter, the Pro- Vice-Chancel- lor, to be cited to appear before them the Day following, for to anlwer to fuch Matters as ihould Ch. 6. of the Univerfity o/Oxfo r d^ 2 » » fhould be then objefted to him : But tho' Potter did not appear, yet he fent his Anfwer in Wri- ting. A Report being made by Brent and Wil- kinfon of thefe Proceedings, to the Lords and Commons affembled at Wcfiminfiery they left the whole Matter of the Delegacy or Commit- tee to the Difcretion of the Vifitors, impower- ing them to hear and determine the whole Bufi- nefs .by fuch proper Ways and Means as were neceiTary. Nov. the id, the Pro-Vice-CKan- cellor and Mafters in Convocation enabled, That whereas Congregations, by reafon of the uncer- tain State of the Univerfity, cou'd not conve- niently be had often, the Bufinefs ufually treat- ed of therein {Iiould be tranfa£ted now in Con- vocation. On November the i!^y the Provoft of Oriel College, being cited the Day before, ap- pear'd, and gave the like Anfwer in the Kame of his Society with the other Heads of Colleges, refufmg to deliver up the Books, &c. And on the fame Day the Vifitors fent their Mandates to Dr. Jamei AdaflerSj and the reft of the Fel- lows of New College, inhibiting them from pro- ceeding to the Eledlion of a Warden, Fellow, or any Officer whatlbever ^ which Inhibition was iifued out on the account of Dr, /*/»/^f 's Death, the late Warden of this College. On November the ^th the Vifitors fummon'd before them Dr. Potter, Pro-Vice-Chancelbr, Dr. Rad- cUffe, Principal of Braz.en-mfe, Dr. Walker^ Mafter of Vnhcrfity College, Dr. Nervlin, Prefi- dent of Corpus Chrifil, Dr. Oliver, Prefident of Afaudlins, Dr. Lanffbain, Provoft of Queens Col' lege. Dr. Gardiner, Dr. Payne, and Dr. Iles^ Canons of Chri ft -Church, Mr. Waring and Mr. Hunt the Prorfors, Hen. Tower, Sub-Reftor o^ Exeter College ; who all of them appeared be- fore the Vifitors the next Day, fitting at zJ^er- ton 2 J 4 ^^^ Antient and Trefent State Part I. ton College, and anlwer'd the Interrogatories propounded. The like Citation went to Dr. Bayley, Prefident of St. John's College, and Dr^ Geo. vJ^orley, Canon ofChrifi Church , but they being then abfent from the Univerlity, efcap'd the Cenfures of the Vifitors for a Seafon. On JSl'ov. the 6th the Vifitors met, and adjourn'd their further Seflion to the i ^th inftant. On Nov. the 'jth, the Fellows of New College, who were lent to wait on the Vifcount Say and Seal, and the Lord Nath. Flennesy to entreat them to ufe their Endeavours with the Parliament, that they might proceed to a free EleOrion of a War- den, returned ; who faid they might chufe John White, commonly known by the Name of the Patriarch of Tfomhefier, to be their Warden; but if they prefume to chufe any other Perfon, they would neither approve or forgive that Action. On the pth and i oth of this Month, the aforefaid Doctors and Proctors went to IVefi- tninfier, loon after follow'd by Ibme of the Vi- fitors ; and all of them befides Dr. Walker ('who. excus'd himfelf on the fcore of Sicknefs) waited ■ on the Committee fitting in the Painted Chamber there. On the i %th, the Committee affembled in the Queen's Apartment, where were prefent the Earls o? Pembroke, tiJManchefer, and . 1648. On the ^oth of CMarch, after feveral Per- fons had been cited and examined on Interroga- tories touching the Jurifdiftion of this Vifitati- on, and the Caufes and Conlequences thereof, it was order'd, that Dr. Sheldon ihould be oufted of the Wardenihip ot All Souls College, and that John Palmer ihould fucceed him, and that Ed- ward Corbet, one of the Vifitors, iliould fucceed Dr. Hammond in his Canonry of Chrifl Church and Oratorlhip in the Univerfity, being expell'd from both j and that, on the Amotion of Dr. John Ch. 6. cftheUniverfitycfO^^o^Ti, 2J9 John Wall, and Dr. Robert Payne ^ Canons of this Church, Mr. Cornifi and Mr. John Mills iliou'd be placed in their room. Dr. aJf^orris, Profefl lor of Hebrew, dying about this Time, the King named Mr. Edward Pocock late of Corpus Chrifii ' College to be his Succeflbr in that Profeflbrihip, and a Canon of Chrift-Church • which the Par- • liament, at the IntercefTion of Mr. John Selden, ratify 'd and confirmed, altho' he vvasfoon after deprived of the Canonry. There were many others indeed of great Loyalty remov'd from their Headihips and Fellowihips in the Univer-. lity, on the account of their Adherence to the King and his Intereft, who on the Reftoration of Charles the id were reinftated in their for- mer Stations, or elfe preferred to high Dignities in the Church and State, according to their re- Ipedive Merits and Abilities -^ but of thefe the Number being too great to be here particularly inferted, 1 rather diftinguifh the chief of them among the Heads of Colleges and Halls at the latter End of the Second Part of this Work, with a Star as they defer ve : And proceed to fpeak briefly of the Situation of this Celebrated Univerfity, and thus conclude the Fir fl Part. The Univerfity and City of Oxford are feated on a fine rifmg Ground, in the midft of a plea- fant and fruitful Valley of a large Extent, at the hifluence of the two Rivers Ifis and Cherwell, with which they are encompalled on the Eaft, Weft, and South, as alfo with a Ridge of Hills at a Mile's dlftance, or thereabouts, in the Form of a Bow, touching more than the Eaft and Weft Point;^ with the Ends •, fo that the whole lies in the Form of a Theater. In the Area ftands the City mounted on a fmall Hill, and adorned with fo many Towers,' Spires and Pin- 240 ^^^ Antient and Trefent State Part I, pinnacles \ and the Sides of the neighbouring Hills fo fprinkled with Trees and Filla's, that fcarce any Place equals the Profpeft. It was the Sweetnefs and Commodioufnefs of the Situ- tion (no doubt) that firft invited the great and judicious King Alfred to make this Place the . perpetual Refidence of the Mufes by his Libe- ralities and Encouragements : And the Kings of England have ever fince (efpecially when at any time forced from London by War, Plague, or other Inconvenienciesj been wont to re- move hither, not only their Royal Courts, but the Houfes of Parliament and Courts of Judica- ture : Many Synods and Convocations of the Clergy have alfe for the fame reafon been held here, of which as they have promifcuoufly hap- pen'd in Order of Time, take the following Ca- talogue., eA Catalogue ofTarliaments^ Councils and Termsy that have leen held at Oxford. A Parliament held at Oxford in K. Etbelred^s Reign, 1002. A Parliament 2it Oxford under K. Canute's Reign, 1018. A Parliament at Oxford under K. Harold Hare- footy 1035. A Conference at Oxford under K. William RufuSy 1088. A Conference at Oxford in the Time of King Stephen. A Council at Oxford againft the Waldenfes, un- der Hen. 2d, 1 1 60. A Council at Opcford under Hen, idy Becht Arch-Bifhop, 1166. A Ch. 6. of the Univerfity of Oxf ok d. 241 A General Aflembly at Oxford, at which Hen.id made his Son John King of Ireland, 1 177. A Parliament at Oxford called Varliamentum magnum, temp. Hen. idi, 1185. A Council at Oxford in the Time of Richard i theFirft. A Conference at Oxford in the Reign o^ K.John. A Parliament held at Oxford in the Reign of Hen. 3d, which firft gave Occafion to the Barons Wars. A Council at Oxford under Stephen Langton, Arch-Bifhop, 1222. A Council at Oxford, 1227. A Council at Oxford under Stephen Arch-Biihop of Canterbury and his Suffragans, i/^.Hen.3dy 1230. . A Council at Ox/or^, 1233. A Council at Oxford under Edmund, Arch-Bi- iliop of Canterbury. A Council at Oxford by the Bifhops, temp. Hen, 3. 1241. The Term kept at Oxford, 31 Hen^ 3d. A Council at Oxford, 1 247. A Council held at Oxford by the Bifliops, 1 250.^ A Parliament at Oxford, called Farliamentum infanum, 41 //. 3. A Council at Oxford^ 1258. A Parliament at Oxford, 1161', A Parliament at Oxford, 1 2^4. A Council at Oxford under Arch-Bifhop Ted- ham, 1 27 1 . A Council at Oxford under Robert Winchelfeaj Arch-Bifhop, 1290. A Parliament fummon'd at Oxford, 4 Edx^. 3d, A Parliament at Oxford, Nov. 19. 1382. A Parliament at Oxford, 6 Rich. id. The Term kept at Oxford, 1 1 Rich. id. The Term kept at Oxford, 16 Rich, id, R A 242 The Antlent and Trefent State, S^c. A Convocation of the Clergy ^t Oxford by Arch- Biihoip Jrundely 1395. A Parliament at Oxford^ i Car. i . i(!)25. A parliament fummon'd at Oxford, 1644. The Terras kept at Oxford eodem temp, it being the King's Head Quarters in the late Civil Wars. A Parliament at Oxford, 166^. the Plague at London. The Term at the fame time kept at Oxford. A Parliament ^t Oxford, 1680. but was loon difiblved then on the Pretence of a Plot hatcht by the Earl of Shaft shury againft the King ^ but in reality a Plot of the Kings a- gainft our Government in Church, thro'- his obftinate Refufal of PaiTing the Bill of Exclu- The End of the Firfi Tart, THE Antient and Prcfent State O F T H E UNIVERSITY O F OXFORD. PART II. CHAP. I. Of College Sy Hallsy and puhlick 'Buildings iff the Univerfity of Oxford, and of their Founders a7id effeciafBenefa^iorSj 8rc* ,AVING given the Reader a View oi the Antiquity, paft Government and Sutferings of this Univerfity, from the Danet and other barbarous People, both foreign and domeftick, &e» in the F/r/if- Part of this Under- taking, I haften now to treat of its Colleges, Halls and publick Buildings •, of their Founders R 2 and ? ^ % 244 The Antient andTrefent State Part II. and efpecial Benefaftors, &c. of the Laws, Statutes and Privileges relating thereunto in general, and of their Vifitors and their Power, drc. which will make up the Second Part of this Work : And firft, according to the Order here defign'd, I will begin wit^h its Colleges, Halls and publick Buildings *, of their Founders and efpecial Benefactors, &c. And here I muft alfb acquaint the Reader (as I have elfewhere ihewn) that antiently in Oxford, before the Students were fupply'd wij;h Colleges and Halls endow'd, they were wont to lodge in Citizens Houfes (as now at Leyden and many other Univerfities beyond the SeasJ and had their Meeting Places to hear Ledures and to dilpute, .without any Diftinftion of Habit, After this there vyere divers Houfes i^^t apart proper only for Students to live together in So- ciety (as now in the Inns of Court and of Chan- cery at London) and thefe Places being diftin- guiih'd from the private Houfes of Townlinen, were call'd either Inns from the Saxon, or Ho- flels from the French, and at prefent are named Halls, wherein they then liv'd for the mofl part on the charitable Contributions and Exhi- bitions of the Nobility, Bifhops, and other weal- thy Perfons, but now wholly on their own Ex- pence • and this they did until leveral bountiful Patrons of Learning, in their Wifdom, thought meet to fettle for ever plentiful Revenues in Lands and Houfes, to maintain in Diet, Cloaths and Books, fuch Students as by Merit ai^d Worth Should from time to time be chofen thereinto, and to fettle large Pehfions and Sala- ries for ProfciTors and Lefturers to inftruft them, and for a Head to govern them according to the Founder's Wil1,and not his own ^ that is, ac- cording to certain Statutes and Ordinances made by Ch. I. qftheUniverJity of O^^o^D. 245 by the faid Patrons or Founders, and thefe are now called Colleges •, whereof the firft thus en- dow'^dm Europe were Vniverjity,Baliol,^\\dMer~ ton Colleges iwOxford^ all made Colleges in the 1 3f/7 Century j altho' Univerfity College has been reckon'd a Place for Students ever fmce the Year 872. by the Royal Bounty of our a* forefiid Saxon King Alfred^ and was antiently called Aiama Aula XJniverfitatis ^ wheie were divers Profeflbrs, and all the Liberal Sciences read. And thus did thefe voluntary Contribu- tions ceafe, and the Cuftom of living in Townl^ mens Houlesgrow into difule, upon the Build- ing, Endowment and Increafe of Colleges, which we find were erefted on very narrow Li- mits of Ground, if we confider their Begin- nings. For in their Infancy almoft every Col- Jege was included within the Verge of fbme Hall or Tenement \ and antiently many of them were called Halls, ^sVniverfty Hall^ Ba~ liol Hally StapUdon Hall, Queens Hall, &c. as may be leen in old Writings, yet Merton College was for the moft part called ^JPHcrton Houfe • ■?A\d in Edxvard the ^d\ Reign we meet with this College ftyled T)omus five Aula de Merton, and T)omus five Collegium de his laft Will and Teftament gave it to the Scholars, for a learn- ed Maintenance herein. Others fay, William Caerliph, Bilhop of Durham, was Founder there- of*, but the Manufcript Copy of Acts of the Bi- ihops of Durham is herein filent ; and Rofs af- firms, that William the Archdeacon, for fome Time a Fellow hereof, dying in his Return A. D. 1^49. from Rome, endowed the flime with Lands, &c. for this quoting (t^. P<«r/j-. Lf/^^ti alcribes this Endowment to William Shirwood, a Perfon alio herein educated, who, on his Return from Pa- ris, and other foreign Univerfities, was made Chancellor of Lincoln ; yet he doubts about this William^s Sur-name, affirming nothing pofitive- iy thereof, ancient Writers i;ecordijig only the Chriftiau Ch. I. oftheUmvefJttyofOyLFOKD. 249 Chriftianand Sur-nameof Men, as this laftwas often taken from fome Dignity they had in the Church, or from the Place of their Nativity, whereby Pofterity has been left much in ■ the dark about them : He further adds from a^M. Paris ^ that William oi^ Durham going to vifit the Roman Court, was there chofen Archbifhop of Roan in France •, and dying on his Departure from that Court was buried at his own See : But whoever confults M. Paris, will find him fpeakingof the Rector oflVeermude, and not of of this Archdeacon. Bale avowedly writing Shirivood'^s Life, makes no Mention of his en- dowing this College ; and Pits, a Follower of Bale in almoft every thing, tho' he feems to Icnow nothing of the Archdeacon's Munificence, yet in his Affendix he plainly alcribes thofe things to him, which in the Work it felf he re- ports of Shirrvood ; ib that the unwary Reader only confulting Pits, may take both thefe for one and the fame Perfbn ^ but notwithilanding theie various Opinions, the Archives of this College are moftly credited, making no men- tion o^ Shirrvood, but only of William the Arch- deacon, recorded to Pofterity for his faid Cha- rity hereunto. Nor was the Archdeacon only a Friend to this Society, but to the Univerfity alfo at large, bequeathing three hundred and ten Marks for the liberal Education often or twelve Students, which Money the Chancellor and Mafters lent to Scholars, on Security given for the Repay- ment thereof, fo that from the Intereft hence arifmg, the laid Number of Students might be fupplied with Money for their Necellities. This prevail'd for many Years, as may be leen in a Letter from Adamde Marifco to Rich, de St. A- ^' ^* *^^'^' ^atha^ Chancellor of the Univerfity, requefting the 2t;o The Antient andTrefent State Part II. the Loan of 40 /. o^ DurharnsM-onQy for 5/w. de ydenciennes, and from feveral other Wri- tings : And the Univerfity to increafe the an- nual Produce of this Money, purchafed certain Houfes, viz.. Braz^eri'Nofe Hall, the Lejfer V- niverfity Hall, &c. which were then in the Townfmens Hands •, with a yearly Rent of 15/. iffuing out of two Houfes in St. Peter's Pa- riih in the Eaft ^ what other Rents or Tene- ments (if any before the qth. o^ Fdw. i.) were purchafed, is not fb well known, there being during this Period of Time, a great Silence of the Conveyances of Lands and Houfes in and near Oxford. At length the Chancellor and Maflers, willing to rid therafelves of this Truft, ailign'd Durham s Benefaftion to a certain Num- A, D, 1280. b^r of Mafters appointed by the Regents, as O- verfeers of the Archdeacon's Will, now dead 30 Years, as fbm.e will have it ^ who finding that the Univerfity had borrow'd 1 00 /. and up- wards of this Sum, and that the Ref.due being lent to divers Perfons, was not repaid, a Delega- cy of four Mailers was fettled thereupon, for the Adminiflraticn of this ^harity, according to the Form of an Eleftion, too long and tedi- ous here to relate : And the Burfar of this Col- lege afterwards laid out the Refidue of Dw harns Money on advantageous Purchafes, as of^ 6 Edrv. 3. ten as they offer'd themfelves, buying a large Houfe, now called Saherne-'H?i\\, called former* ly Spicers-H^Ll], and in Henry IIPs Time flriled Durham-Hid], from Jlndrexv of Durham, then a Citizen in Oxford, which was the fame Hall as founded by King Alfred. The Maflers and Scholars now in Pofieflion of this Houfe, re* folved to make it the perpetual Habitation of this Society, which afterwards taking its Name from the Univerfity, was called Great Vniver-' Ch. I. oftheUniverfityofOyi^OYiTi, 2^1 /"^y-Hall, it being greater than the other two, ftiled the Lefler Vniverfity Halls •, yet it was for Ibme time called Burham-H^LW, from IVilUam of Durham^ by whofe Money it was purchafed, which is the moft probable Opinion. In the Archives of 'L'«/'z;fr/?f)' College there Is a Charter fortified with the Seal of the Univer- lity, which mentions William of Durham this •^. D, 1220. Year, a Tranfcript of which appears in the Col- lege Statutes even to this Day • tho' M. Paris avers that William of Durham did not die until the 49th o'^ Hen. III. which muft be a Miftake in him, lince the afore laid Charter granted by the Chancellor, Doftorsin Divinity, and Pro- O:ors of the Univerfity, in purfuance of Dur- ham's laft Will and Teftament, bears Date in the Fourth Year of the faid King's Reign ; and in the fame there is mention made of his Exe- cutors paying 400 Marks to the faid Chancellor, Doftors and Proftors ^ which furely was not done before the Teftator's Deceafe ; and if not, it is a plain Proof that he died before the Time ailign'd by M. Paris, About the Year 1 292. the Univerfity made the fir ft Body ot Statutes for the Government of the Matters and Scholars of this College, which prevail'd till the Year 131 1. when cer- tain new Statutes were delivered under the U- niverfity Seal, and for the further Confirmation thereof the College procur'd the affixing of the Seal of the Court Chrifiian o^ Oxford ^ and thefe Conftitutions and Ordinances, with fbme others made about the sdof ^;c^. II. were in Force until the Year 1475. at which Time the Num- ber of Fellows and Scholars were encreas'd, and m three Years after fome other Statutes were made and publifh'd, moft ot which do retain their Force to this Day, but want much Regu- lation 452 The Antient and Prefent State Part 11. lation and Amendment, as well as fome additi- onal Injunftions • and, if I am not miftaken, a RoyalConfirmation for the better Continuance and Eftablifhment of them. In the next Place, deligning to fpeak of ef- pecial Benefaftors who have increased the Num- ber of Fellows and Scholars in this College, by beftowing on them Liberalities in a lelTer De- gree ; fuch as was Walter SkirUvo, Bifhop of Durham, who, on a Purchale of the Mannor of A' D. X403. Rothyng in EJfex^ gave it to this College, for the Maintenance of three Fellows, born within the Diocefles of TorJi or Durham, and to be cho(en (contrary to the Durham Statutes) without Re- Ipeft to any Degree • yea, tho' Under-Gradu- ates, provided they be of approv'd Morals and Learning ^ and, befides other bounteous A£Vs, he gave fome Manufcript Books, and among them his own Treatile about Generation and > . i4o6- Corruption ; and dying March 24. the Society were formerly wont every Year to fay a Iblemn Mafs for his Soul, with a Deacon and a Sub- Deacon, on the 23d o^ February. Tho' this was not the firft Benefaftor after William o? Durham ; for about the Year 1319. one Thil. de 'Beverley ^ Reftor of Kangham^ fometimes call'd Vhil. Tn- £tfberd gave to this Society an Eftate at Taghley in Holdernefsj for the Maintenance of two Fel- lows born at Beverley in Holdernefsy and in the neighbouring Villages •, and if none of thefe Natives were found fit, they might be chofen elfewhere at Pleafure : And foon after, Rob. de Hepingham, Chancellor of Tori^, gave 300 Pounds for the Purchafing of Eftates, for the Support of other Fellows in their Studies, allotting to each of them 6 Marks fer Annum, and the Re- mainder to be-expended on their Robes ^ but thefe Benefadions of Tng-Hberd and Kepinfham, have Ch. I. oftheUmverfity(fOyi¥OYijyl 2*^5 have long fince been loft ^ efpecially the latter, which Pet. de Lmgton vainly endeavour'd to re- cover. Hen. Percy, Earl of Northumherland, and Lord of the Mannor of Cockermouth, at the Re- queft of the Univerfity, in Aid of this College, (whofe Revenues were now in a very low Con- dition, thro' the Chancellor's Application of them to the Payment of Debts, and Repair of i<. A 1443.' Buildings) gave the Advowlbn of the RecStory of ArncUffe at Cravaney in Torkjlnre, with three Acres of Land there fituated, to the Mafterahd Fellows of this Society, in Dr.Bunon^s Head or Mafterfliip : This he gave for the Subfiftence of three Students of the Degree of Mafter or Bat- chelor in Arts, and of the Diocefes of Tork, Durham y or Carlijle, to be chofen into this Col- lege for the Study of Divinity, and to enjoy all the Rights and Privileges of'Fellows ; and loon after caufed this Benefice to be appropriated to the College, with a yearly Penfion of twenty Marks, to be referved as a Stipend for the Vi- car •, whereof the Univeriity wrote two Letters, one to John Kemp J Archbiiliop of Tbr^, and the other to the Dean and Chapter thereof. Cardi- nal Beaufort gave 40 Marks to this College, for the Building of a new Hall, adding fbme new to the old Buildings, which were in a ruinous Con- dition. Joan Davis, the Wife of -^(7^fr Hewct, a Ci- ■ i i^^6> tizen of Oxon, gave fomeTenements, Lands, &c. lying in the Parifhesof St.^f/zrfm andSt.T7;(?»24/, in Oxford ^ whereupon this College for ever ob- lig'd it felf to pay yearly from the Rents thence ifluing, the Sum of forty Shillings for the Main- tenance of two Logich Lefturers, or one Logic'k and the other a Philofophy Leftarer, in this Col- lege : She alfo gave JFive Founds and Ten Shil- lings 254 The Anttent andTrefent State PartIL lings for the Augmentation of the Matters and Fellows Commons ^ and on every Chriflmas Day two Shillings and four Pence to the Prifoners in the Caftle at Oxford^ as fhe alfo did at Eafter •, and to the Prifoners in Bocardo fhe gave one Shil- ling at Chriflmas, and another at Eafler. A»J)» i^^l' Robert Dudley, E2Lr{ o^ Leicefter gave to this College fome Lands and Eftates lying in Mont» £omeryjhirey for the Maintenance of two Scho- lars, to be named by his Wife, during her Life- time, and afterwards by his Heirs, and thele w^re to receive the Sum of Twenty Pounds each of them for their refpeftive annual Stipends j and he foon after was fucceeded in his Bene- faftion by Otho Hunt, formerly a Fellow of this College, and then Redor of Methley in Tork- ^jtr" ^9o» Jhlre, who gave a Free or Copy-hold Eftate in. this Parlih for the Maintenance of one Scholar to be elected from Swim on in the Parifh of Worthy or any other Part of the faid Parilh -, and alio from the Parilhes of Kirkhurton and Methley ; and laftly out of any Place within the Diocefs of Tori ', and in Deleft thereof from the neigh- bour Counties. —•1592. John Frieflon of Alt oft s, in the fame County, gave fome Lands at PontefraSl for the Subliftence of one Fellow or Exhibitioner, to receive from the Rents thereof Ten Pounds per Annum, be- fides the Ufe of a Chamber, and an Exemption from Expences calFd Decrements ', nor was this all ^ for he alfo made a Provifion for two Scho- lars to be chofen out of Torkjljire, affigning them a yearly Rent of Five Pounds, befides fome Profits and Emoluments out of the afore- faid Eftate at PontefraB j and moreover, gave the College a Sum of Money, with which was purchas'd a Dwelling Houfe on the Weft fide of the College ; which being repair'd, was made into Ch. I . (f the Untverftty of Ox fo r d.^ 2 5" 5 into Chambers for Scholars ^ the Area of which Houfe, fince pull'd down, and a fmall Part of the back fide is now taken up by the Weft fide of the new Quadrangle, and by fo much of that fide as Frontwife looks to the Street, and is in St. Marfs Parifh. %oh, Gmjley, fbmetime a Scholar of this Col- yj^ 2?. 161Z. lege, and afterwards Re£lor of Tittejley in Sur- rey, gave hereunto the Impropriation of Flam- fiead in HartfordJInre, afTigning 5o Pounds per annum, being half the Revenue to the Vicar, was to be diftributed between^ the: Mafter aii4 Fellows that Day prefent. or T ^ofT bnfi .'-c^i^A After the Reformation, Stm'. Perrot, fbmi^ time Fellow of Magdalen College, fettled a Sti- »<^ ^^'^• pend' for a Sermon to be preach'd^arSt. Piter's Church in the Eaft^ on the Feaft of St. Simon and Jude^ by a Fellow of this College, and in defeft thereof by a Commoner, or, laftly, by a Fellow of Magdalen College, in the Forenoon, of that Day ; which Stipend is-iffuin^ out of a Houfe and Land in Oxfordjlnrcy given to the College for this End. { The Building of this College being too nar- row and fcanty for the Reception of the great Number of Scholars reforting hither, Whiti^r hall, on the South fide adjoining to this Houfe^ and fronting Kybald-fireet^ was purchaled; and foon after fome other Tenements were added to Vniverfity-H^LW-^ for that which was lately cab led Salvern e'lidil), was now ftiled -Great Vniver* j?ry-Hall (asbefore obferv'd^ iiirefpett ofKinf!; Alfred's Foundation • and particularly a Tener ment lying on the Weft fide, puuchas'd of the veiled Nuns of Stodeley. In the Cafe of Mr. t/J^fr, who, mov'd for .a Bnn. R?g. z. Mandamus to the Vice»Chancel)or of the Uni-?^. 3- Mlb" S verfit:v iua > 258 The Antient and Trefent State Part It* veriity of Oxford for refufing to admit of his Appeal, made to the faid Vice-Chancellor and Convocation on a Sentence of Expulfion from this College, it became a Queftion whether the iaid Vice-Chancellor and Convocation were Vifitors of the fame ^ for it was affirm'd, that the Body of the Univerfity in Convocation Atrere legal Vilitors hereof : But whoever reads the Statutes of this College, and conliders'the! many Precedents thereon in relation to this Vi- sitatorial Power, muft acknowledge theVice-^ -Chnnceibr, Do£lors in Divinity, and the two Pro£Vors of the Univerfity, to' be the Vifitors hereof, and not the Convocation at large, as then contended for. In the Year 1 7 1 1 . this College was viiited by the Vice-Chancellor, Doftors and Proftors, (z.9 aforefaid) in the Cafe of Mr. Thomas yi lien , a Fellow thereof unduly depriv'd ('as was alledg'd in his Appeal^ for that he had been in the Pol- feilion of an Ex;clefiafl:ical Living beyond the Time indulged by the local Statutes of this Col- lege t But upon Mr. Allen^S Pleading for th^ wonted pra£lice of the Fellows, (tho' contrary to StatJ of holding their Fellowfhips with Church Preferments^ &c. two Statutes or Or- dinances were made then by the Vilitors, the pne commanding all Fellows to quit their Fel- lowships, at the Expiration of one Year after their Inftitution into any Reftory or V^icarage^ and the other enjoining all Fellows thus inftitu* ted, to give Notice or Intimation of fuch Itifti-t tution to the Collelge, within the Space of one Month after receiving the fame, under the Pain of forfeiting the Benefit of this Year of Grace. ^ In the Year 1557. there happen'd a Conteft among the Fellows of this College, about, the Cliok« Ch. I . (fthe llniverfity ^Oxfor d. 259 Choice of a H^ad, whom they call Mafier^ which was referr'd to the Vifitors. BalioL'College. ABOUT this Time there appear'd in j, d. n6B, Oxford many worthy Patrons of Learn- ingj beginning to fiirnifh this Place with Colle- ges, Halls, and other publick Buildings ^ and in Refpe£t of thofe Times to endow them with ample Revenues Cfor as yet no College or Hall was formally endowed) for the Support of Li- terature, among whom was 7ofc» BaUql ofBer- nard-CafileinTorkJhire, Knight, Father of John Baliol, King of the Scots^ who defigned the Foundation of a College here for the liberal E- ducation of poor Scholars ^ on whom he fettled yearly Exhibitions, until he could provide them with a fit Houfe, and other Accommodations j which pious Work he lived not to fee finifh'd, dying foon after he had projected the fame: ■ ■ ■ -'169. But at the Time of his Death he recommended the Perfefting of his Charity to his Re lift De- vorgi/la , and the Care of his Teftamentary Executors, praying them to fee thefe Stipends duly paid and apply'd, and not to fuffer his Mu- nificence to fink. Whereupon, after mature Deliberation about the fulfilling of this Truft, (thefe Stipends being to be collefted from the Inheritance already wafted on his Funeral Ex- pences) DevorgilU, with the Confent of his Ex- ecutors, fettled thefe Exhibitions on a Houle which fhe rented of the Univerfity in Horfe- mAnger-ftreet ^ and this fhe did at the Perfwa- fion of Richard Stickshury^ his Confeffor, and a Minor Fryar 5 (as 'tis faid.^ ^lary de St. Paul, S 2 Coun- s6o The Anti^?itand Trefent State Part IT. Countefs of Pembroke^ before founded and en- dowed Pemhroke-Y{'3i\{ in Cambridge^ at the Re* queft of her Confeflbr, a Fryar of the fame Order. DevorgUU maintain'd thefe Scholars on thefe Revenues iii the laid Hoafe, until fuch Time as ihe had purchafed an Eftate tor them, and efta- * blifh'd the ftitie utito theim for ever ^ and when the)' had liv'4 for fome time berej fhe preJcrj- A.D. 1182. fc*^^ ^"^^ tranfmitted to them, under her own Sea!, a Body of Statutes, according to which fke woiild have her Colkge Affairs to be admi* niftred, and her Scholars govera'd ; which Sta- tutes were fifft delivered to Hugh de Hertifot tfriA William de Mcnyl '^ the one a Minorite, and the other then a Scholar. ^tOA,/ Two Years after the fending of thefe Statute^ Xievorgilla^ impower'd by a Royv^l Charter, pur- chafed a Tenement of John de £jp, a Citizen, called St. Mary's Hall, on the Weft fide there- of contiguous to a Houfe for fome time belong- ing to' Geoffrey Saucer ^ and gave iit^ with three Acres of Land, lying to the Eaft and Nortli thereof, to the Principal and Scholars of thi^ College for ever^ as a perpetual Habitation for them, Thomas de Ewe the Son coi:ifirming as Heir his Father's Grant ^ which fhe afterwards rebuilding and adding new Edif^c^ thereunto, the j5rf/«W Men began to inhabit, . leaving their old Manfion rented of the Unjverfity, which taking its Name from its antiei:it Inhabitants, was afterwards, for Diftin^iou-fake, called Old Baliol Hall ^ and the fame Year fhe fettled and conveyed this Tenement with Lands bought at Stanwortbam or Stamfordham^ and Hoivth in Nor- thamptonjlnre^ by the Executors of her Husband's Will, granting the fame to the Principal and Scholars, and their Succeffors for ever : And this fhe did in the Prefence o^ ^athnny Bifhop of 7)urham, Oliver Biikop of Li-ficdh/^ Hog. de Rod- well Chancellor of the Univerfity, ^Im. ^andave Archdeacon of Oxford^ and many others ; and that the Charity began by jier Husband might be perpetual, flie caus'd the fame, (as 'tis faid in her Charter of Foundation j to be ereded in Honour of the Holy Trinity ^ the "Blcpd ^rr- gin^ and St. Katharine the Martyr : And for the further and .better Eftabliihment of this Benefaction, it was afterwards, ratify'd by her Spn, John Baliol, Kiag of Scotland, and OZ/Ver Bifhop of Lincoln :j and three Year.s S ^ after 2^2 The Antient and'pYefent State Part II. after the faid DevorplU and her Husband's Executors difcharg'd the faid Principal and Scholars from all Debts wh^tfoever arifmg from the Beginning of the World to that Time. Yet notwithftanding what has been Ikid from An- nals of undoubted Credit, fome Hiftorians or Antiquaries will have it, that this College was founded by his Son, John Baliol j and others make Sir Edward Baliol his Kephew, to be the Founder thereof, pailing by John Baliol the Fa^f ther, and DevorgUla his Wife. For their Original Stipends, every Fellow Cin Kumber lixteen) was to receive Two Pence on Sundays, 2tnd a Penny every other Day in the Week ; which Sum a certain Writer fays. Sir John Baliol affigned and allocated out of the firft Eftate of this College, not exceeding 27 /. 9 s, 4 d. per arm. but was foon after augmented by the Liberality of other Benefaftors : For no fooner had DevorgUla finifli'd this Work, but we meet with Hugh de Wichnhroke, commonly czWtdi Hugh de Wien, who gave a Soke of Land and fom.e Dwelling-Houfes in St. Lawrence Jew- ry in London, with the Right of Advoufon to this Parilli Church, purchafed of Hen. Facet, to whom it defcended from William Facet, who ac- \ quir'd the fame by a Royal Grant, (it formerly belonging to the Abbot and Convent o^ Montr e- ville in France) with all the Appurtenances • and the next Year, by the Confent of the Bi- fhop o^ London, the Dean and Chapter o^St.Tauts, and the Vicar incumbent, this Church was ap- propriated hereunto, on the yearly Payment of a hundred Shillings to the Vicar hereof, ifllung out of the Offerings and fmall Tythes j as ap- pears by a Compofition then made. Then Hugh de Warkenby, and William de Go- tham, (the one Principal, and the other not long before Ch. I. (ftheUmverJltyofOyi¥OY.D, c^3 before a Fellow hereof) gave four MelTuages in Schoolfireet, for the Maintenance of a Chap- lain, to celebrate Divine Service in St, Catha~ nWs Chappel within this College : And Rich. 4e Hunjingdore^ in Imitation of thefe Men, gave a Houfe in the City, lying Eaftward of Alban- HalJ, with Ibme other Lands in Oxfordjhire, for the Support of another Chaplain ^ and in this King's Reign many other Benefadors fol- lowing the Example o^ Hunfingdore, gave feve- ral MefTuages in Oxford to this Society, which J now forbear to mention, being chieiiy of the Number of Halls and Schools, to be treated of elfewhere. Hitherto each Fellow only received eight Fence fer Week, and were under an Obligation of leaving the College, as foon as they had ta- ken a Matter's Degree in Arts • from whence it came to pals, that fuch as were in indigent Cir- cumftances, either apply 'dthemle Ives to Me- chanick Trades, or were forced to beg for their Subiiftence \ whofe Condition was pitied by e- very good Man : Hereupon did Sir William Fel- ton^ive to the Scholars of J?^//o/- Co liege the , , ^y Reftory of jibboldefley in J-Juntingtovjliire, with the Mannor belonging thereunto, increafmg the Number of Scholars, and the Weekly Stir pendof each Fellow to twelve Pence •, befides the Money given by him for the buying of Books and Cloaths for them : And P, Clement the 6th Gondrm'd this Gift by the Appropria-^ tionofthe laid Reftory to the College, and at the fame Time provided for a Vicar's Stipend, and alfo ratified Feltons Statute or Conftitution touching the Non-EjeO:ment of Fellows, tho' they ihould take their Matter's or Do<^or*s De- gree, before they attain'd any Ecclefiattical Be- nefice or preferment. S 4 Sir t^4 ^^ Antient and Trefent State Part II, Sir 'Phil. Somervyhy Lord of the Mannor of Wlcknore in Staffordjhire, by a G3nveyance gave to this College the Church oftJMike'l Benton in the County of Northumberland^ with fome other Eftates in the fame Pariih, for the Maintenance of fix Scholars, to be added to the antient Num- l)er of fixteen Fellows, who with a Defire of ha- ving all the Fellows fubjed to one Form of Go- vernment, made new Statutes, Ibme of which thwrtrt and contradift Devorg^illa's \ wherein 'tis thus ordain'd, v'it^. ifi, That'thefe Scholars to be cholen by the Votes of the fixteen Fellows fhall be of the Neighbourhood of the faid Pariih, and be of the Number of poor Children. iMy, That the Fellows Should chufe themfelveg a Mafter, {for fo he would now have him ftiled j by com- mon Suffrage, to prefide over the Fellows, Chaplains,* Scholars, Servants, &c. of the Col- lege 'j and after their Eleftion of him they were to prelent him to the Lords of the Mannor of Wic\nore^(fo long as it remain'd in the Someruyle •Family j and then to the Chancellor of the U- niverfity or his Commiffary, and laftly, to the ; .^ Warden of 2)«r/7;r-CoIlege; heretofore belonging to the Monks o^ Durhat/tf and given to Baliol College by Gilbert de Ponte" 4 ^<^»P' 2. fraB 2L\id. 'Tho.de Humbletoti, Fellows, after they had purchafed the fame of John FettepUce, Ci- tizen oi" Oxford. In the T5th of Edw. 3. pFi//. ^. D. ii^z» de Brokelby and Iho. de Cave^ formerly Feljowsj gave unto this College a Tenement between itJlfargaret~li:i\[ and Old and New Bali^*5. T 4- wliich sSo The Antient and Trefent State Part II. which had been formerly granted hereunto, to be ratified and confirm'd : And at the fame time this eminent Knight fettled feven Stipends on the Scholars hereof, whereuntothe Year en- fuing he added an Eighth ^ and ordain'd that they fhould be chofen out of Devonjhire^ So-- merfetjhire, Dorfetjhirey OxfordjJnre, EJfex, and other Counties, wherein he had Eftates, and gave as a Provifion for them the Sum of 91 /. S s. 10 d. r fcr annum, requiring that his Scho- lars fhould enjoy all the Rights and Privileges of the old Foundation : By his laft Will he be- queath'd 40 /. to this College, and fb did his Lady at the Time of her Death •, which, as an Example, encouraged the Son and Heiir to add the like Gift. Befides Benefaftions of lefler Value given by others, Sam. Hill, born at Morton- Hampfiead in Devon, and educated in this College, and then promoted to the Reftory of Waflegan in Corn- wall, gave 1 00 /. for the Maintenance of four poor Scholars, to be elected out of Devonjliire and Cornwall, and each of them to receive 30 Shillings pfr yinmim- In the next place we come to the Liberality J»U, j6i6. ofKins, Charles \. who gave certain Lands and Tenements to the Univeriity on this Condition, . That out of the Revenues thereof, the Uni- verfity would take care to maintain one Fellow at Exeter, another at Pembroke, and a third at Jefus CoUqge ^ all which were to be Natives of the lilands of Guernfey and Jerfey ; and after they had furniih'd themfelves with Academical Learning, they were to be remitted thither for Ecclefiaftical Affairs and Preferments, as they offer'd themfelves void and empty. And the Year following, John Maynard gave unto this College a yearly Revenue of 40 /, 20 /. of whicPi^ i Money Ch. I. of the Vniverfity of Oxford." 2S1 ^oney is appropriated to a Divinity-Le^ure, and 20/. to a Ledure in the Oriental Tongues; and the Remainder he would have go to the Augmentation of the Fellows Stipends. The Buildings of this College were hereto- fore various and irregularly fituated ^ the North (Gate, before a Way was open'd into Exeter- ftreet, was the chief Entrance into this College, and was built about the Year 1 43 2. at the fame Time when thofe Chambers between the new Chappel and this Gate (being now the Rector's Lodgings) were built ; on which, and on other College-Buildings, William Palmer^ a Fellow hereof expended above 1 00 /. and the afore- faid Edm. Stafford built the Weft Gate, which was afterwards pulled down and rebuilt; who alio built a Charriber of 24 Feet in length, un- der the old Library, whereon Tho. BentUy But- ler of this College, erected feme Chambers on ^- ^' i597t the Eaft fide of the prefent Quadrangle. John Periam Knight, and Citizen o^ Exeter, built the 1618. Rooms between the South-fide of the Library, and Eaftwardof the new Hall, being called Pe- ricmC^ Buildings even till this Day. Everard Chambers, befides rebuilding the Gate oppofite to Jefus College with the Chambers over it in the latter End of Qiieen Eliz.abeth''s Reign, as aforefaid, gave to this College the Sum of 225 /. — — '^OJ- 6 s. Sd. But this Gate has been fmce pulled down, and very lately rebuilt in the fumptuous and ftately Manner you now behold it. Exeter Hall, or Dining-room, was at firft the fame with that in St. Stephen's Hall, and was foon after pulled down, and another built almoft in the Midft of the upper Court, and was half co- ver'd by Bifliop Stafford, whereunto John Phil- lips. Dean of Crediton, and formerly Fellow and Keftor pf cliis College, added a Kitchin, This ■^all sS 2 The Antient and Trefent State Part II, Hall was again pluck'd down, when the prefent wtf. D. 1618. Hall was built with a Cellar under it, by Sir John j4ckland, a Knight in Devonjlnre j when the afore- faid Kitchin was taken down, and another ere- fted Weftward of this Hall ^ which the Fellows ufed till very lately, and was built by Rich. San- dy^ alias Nafier^ Dr. Robert VUvaine^ William Orford, and William Helme^ Students herein. But this Kitchin flood not long, for it was late- ly pulled down and rebuilt, with the Weft lide of theiirft Court, by the Contributions of feve- ral Perfons educated in this College, in the fame Form you now fee this Quadrangle. 'Tis thought the Founder built a Library for his Fellows here, (tho' the Place where it was is not known) who gave thereunto many Books, and would have furniilied the fame with exqui- fite Monuments, had he lived longer. Soon ,^,-_ 13(58. after, John Grandifon, Bifliop of Exeter^ gave hereunto many Books in Divinity ^ as did alio Sim. Bredon, a famous Mathematician, at the fame time, beftow fome Mathematick Books hereon. But in Edw. Ill's Reign this Library being in a ruinous State, William Rede, Bifhop ofChichefier, repair'd the fame, and gave 2$ Manufcripts thereunto, befides a Legacy at the Time of his Death. And- then feveral Bei:j^fa- £lors (among whom were Tho. 'Brentynghum, Bi- ihop of Exon, and John Mofe, Reftor of this < College, and afterwards of St. Pctcr''s Church in Exeter) built a neat and handlbme Library, at the Eaft end of the upper Court, which being too fmall for the Number of Books given, af- 1^04. ter it was repair'd by Bliho^ Stafford , it was by him extended in length, and covered with Lead, which was afterwards filled by Benefaftors with, learned Authors, Rog. Keys, Chantor of ExoKy — 14<59' giving the 1 8 Volum.es of Hugh de Vtewia's Com- Ch. I. oftheUniverfityGfO:ii?o^ii. 2S^ Gomment on the Bible, and H. Lawrence^ fome time Reftor hereof, gave all his Books,and at his Death 40 j. to buy Books. Dr. ^orf w^« gave St. Aufiiri's Works, as did JohnJDotyn^ M.B. Reftor hereof,and then one ofthe Vicars of 5;«w2pf(;w,C^c. at the Time of his Death, give all his Phyiick Books, with fome others. Laftly, Sir Wilh^m Petre Knight, and John Kcnnd L. L. D. and Archdeacon o^ Oxford, gave many Books. But fome few Years after the entire Furniture was-^- ■^- ^5^7- removed to the old Chappel, which was con- fij" ^584. verted to a Library, and the Library turned in- to Chambers, by thofe who contributed to the building of the aforefaid Kitchin, each Man gi- ving 20 /. and the College it felf 5o I. As long as the Scholars of this Foundation li- ved in i^^rr-Hall, they made yfeof St. Peter^s Church in the Eafi for Divine Service ; and on their Removal to StapUdon-HzW, now the Scite of the prefent College, they frequented St. /W//- dred's Church -J after this they built a fmall"-— - ^S*^» Chappel within the Limits of the College, pur- chafing Leave of the Bifliop of Lincoln, The prefent Chappel is fituate in the upper Court, on the North fide thereof, of Beauty and Ele- gancy enough, the fir ft Stone being laid the 1 1 th of zJJ^arch, 1 522.* it was finilh'd in 1624. at the chief Expence of Dr. ^eorge Hackwelly formerly a Fellow of this College, who gave hereunto the Sum of 1 200 /. and the College it felf 200 /. and moreover the faid Hackrvell gave to the Socfety 30 /. per annum, for the preach- ing of a Sermon yearly on St. Jameses Day, on which it was confecrated. By the firft Statutes of ^Ar^r^'r-College the Re- ftorfliip was to be from Year to Year, but upon a Review of thefe Statutes anno i ^66. it was to continue as other Headlhips did in the Uni- verfity. About ?84 The A7itient andTrefent State Part II. About the Year t 688-9. there arofe in this College a creat Controverfy touching the Ex- puljfion of one Colmey^ for Incontinency^ who thereupon appealed to the Bifhop of Exeter, the local Vifitor of this College ; he received his Appeal, and granted an Inhibition to any fur- ther Proceedings againft the . Appellant, and made an Order, requiring the Reftor and Fel- lows to give an Account of their Proceedings frb fmia juris & contemptus. The Redor, on the Service of this Order, fent a fubmiflive Let- ter to the Bifhop, and no farther Proceedings were had for Ibme time. But afterwards Dr. t^afiers was commiflion'd to determine this Appeal by going to the College ; and to this End a Citation was fixed up on the Chappel Door of the l^id College, requiring the Appear- ance of the Rector, &c. on the 23d ofMarch^ &c. who appear'd accordingly, and tender'd a Proteftation, but the CommifTary proceeded to give Sentence for Colmey's Reftoration, and a- warded 20 Marks for Cofts. Sometime after this Sentence the Reftor and Fellows proceed- ed againft Colmer fas pretended Fellow) for a- nother Aft of Incontinency, who appealed again to the Bifliop, and he received his Appeal a fe- cond Time, and refolved on a Vifitation in Per- fon, and to that End he fent a Citation to the College, dated May 16. 1690. and came him- lelf to vifit on the i5th of June following -^ and when he carne the Chappel-Doors were ihut a- gainft him, and then he appointed another Vi- iitation on June 24. enfuing, and coming, the Reftor and Fallows tendred a Proteftation under the common Seal •, becaufe, by the College Sta- tutes, his Vifitarion was once in five Years, and having vifited fo lately by his Commiffary, Gould not v-ifit fb fpon again. Whereupon the Bilhop Gh. I. of the Univerftty of Oxford; 2S5 Biihop fufpended five of the feven fenior Fel- lows, (having fufpended eleven in all) and re- ftor'd Calmer^ and proceeded to deprive the Re- ctor j and then feven of the fenior Fellows, who were fb after the Sulpenfion of the other, chofe Mr. Paynter to be their Redor* Oriel-College. BY Camhden^ Prynn^ and others, K. Edw. IL has had the Honour and Charity of this Foundation given to him, formerly founding a Houfe of Carmelite Fryars in Oxford , and ano- ther of Predicants at Langley in Hertfordjliire : But, notwithftanding the Authority of thefe great Men, it does not appear, that he contri- buted any further to the Foundation of it, than the bare granting it a Charter of Incorporation, thereby giving a Power to his Almoner (^dam^^^- '7- •^'^"'• le Bromcy of purchafmg Lands and Tenements ^"^ towards erecting and endowing the fame, con- iifting of a Reftor and Scholars in different Fa- culties, under the Name of St. Mary's Houle in Oxford. By Virtue of this Charter, thefaid Bronte, formerly one of the Clerks in the Court of Chancery, purchas'd of Roa. AfarjJjall of Tacklej in OxfordfiiirCy a Tenement or MelTuage^ then lately built in St. Mary^s. The Chambers and Dining-Room of this Houfe lying at (bme Diftance from the Street were demifed to Scho- lars ; but the Shops, Cellars, and Vaults, next to the Streets, were letten to the Townfmen : And herein was at firft founded a College of Students in the Faculties o^ Logick and "Divt-nity^ with a Permiilion or Leave for fome of the Fel- lows CO ftudy the Canon Law, if they pleafed ^ and 8S6 The Antient and Vrefent State Part II. and to this End they were to Ipend fbme Time ill Logicky and the Civil Law. On December the 6th Le Brome conveyed this Houfe with all its Appurtenances, to John Laghtoriy ReOror eleft, and the Scholars therein placed together for e- ver, and on the 20th of the lame Month, King Edward II. ratified and confirmed this Convey- ance, on^ the Founder's Surrender or Refigna- tion of this Society into the King's Hands, which he did fat leaft) with a View of having it eftablifh'd on a more ilafting Foundation, by making the King as 'twere the Founder thereof in cafe his Majefty ihould not increafe the Re- venues, as he conceived he would. On the 2 ifl of January, in the Year enfuing, it was ere£ted into a College of Divines , for the Maintenance of which, with the ReBor, whom the King \ Would have called Provofi, he gave one MeiTu- age, five Shops, and as many Ground-Rents, with one Cellar in St. Ma-rf% Parilh, belonging to the faid aJWarJhall, with an Affignment alio of one MefTuage fituate in Canditch-ftreet, and a Hall commonly called Peri!lous-Ha.\], to the laid College, which he had received from Adam le Brome for this End, to which College rhe moreover gave the Advowfon of St. fiJMarf^ Church in Oxford^ on the condition of keeping four Chaplains or Priefts, for the daily Celebra- tion of Divine Service therein. Befides, for the better Maintenance of a grea-* ter Number of Fellows or Scholars in this Soci- ety, King Edward granted a further Power of purchafmg an Efiate of 60 /. per Ann, by which Grant, and the fore-mention'd Benefaftions, he leeras to have acquir'd the Title of Founder of St. Adarf^ Houle in Oxford. After this, Adam le Brome providing for the good Government of his Fellows, and being the firft Vrovojt thereof himfelf^ Ch.i. of the Univerfity of O^^OKvt, 2S7 himfelf, made a Body of Statutes, and deli ve- ^- ^. ij^. red them to the Society, on the i^dof A/ky, which were three Years afterwards confirm'd by Henry de Burgafie, Biihop of Lincoln, whereby it was ordain'd, that in this College, befides the Provofi, there fhould be ten Scholars or Fellows maintain'd in the Study of Divinity ^ yet it was afterwards granted by the Vifitor, that any three of this Number might apply themfelves ^if they thought fit) to the Knowledge of the Cofjon Laws : Then the faid Brome, to make a more liberal Provifion for his Fellows, in re- ipe^t of their Stipends, on a Treaty with one Harlefion procured the Church of Aher forth in Torkjlnre to be given to this College, Har- lefion having a Part in the Advowfbn or Im- ^.^^ propriation thereof : And Edw. III. out of his great Benevolence gave unto it a large Meflliage in St. John Baptifts Parifh, or at leaft for the 5 £^h>. 3, moft Part therein fituate, vulgarly known by the Name of Le Oriele, which James of Spain afterwards of his own Accord flirrender'd up to the Fellows, which James had received the fame formerly as a Grant from Queen Eleanor', where- unto the Fellows of St. . iji^, Mannor called Swaynfwick in Somcrfetjliire, not far from the Bath, for the Maintenance of two Fellows, and fix Exhibitioners, (for fo are they called, whoareiToton the Foundation, and to whom Stipends are paid for a certain Number of Years) in Commemoration of whom the. Prb- voft and Fellows oblig'd themfelves to the fa- cred Offices of a Placebo, and a Diripj accord- ing to the Superftition of the Roman Worfhip. • And that: this College might not want a Por- ter, yohn Jachman, A.M. and heretofore a Fel- low of this, by his laft Will and'Teftament, bear- ing Date the i ^xh of <>JMarch , i^jpp. gave a •Dwelling-Houfe with fome Land lying in St: Giles's Parifh, to this College, on Condition of their maintaining one poor Scholar out oiWor- cefierjljire, whole Duty it fliould be as a publicJfc Porter, to open and fliut up the College-Gates. ^ U About (-^ The Antieritand Trefent State Part IL About the latter End of Kmg Edward Ill's Reign, the Fellows of this College, affifted by the charitable Contributions of feveral well affe- £led to Learning, on the Purchafe of fome MeC. -fuages, began to reduce their Manfion-Houfe to better Model, and to build the fame in a Quadrangular Form, having Oriel Tenement for its VVefterri Side (it lying towards Schydyard- jfhreet, now called St. Mdry-hall-lane) and St. John Baptifi-fireet on the Southern fide thereof: And herein they liv'd till the Year 1^20. when the South fide was entirely pull'd down with the greatefl Part of the Weft fide, and then was e- re6ledthat Pile of Buildings reaching from the Weft iide of the prelent Chappel to the North fide of the publidk Gate, whereunto^/-. Blencow^ Do6lorof CmYLaw, and late Proveft of this Gol- ■3ege, gave thirteen Hundred Pounds : And in theYear 1538. the Eaft and North fides of this Court being pluck'd down, ill three or four Years Time the whole College was re-edified, both in Beauty and Largenefs f 'afr excelling the' ' former Strufture thereof ; to which the Pri^vofi and Fellows .Q,^ve <^o L a-piece, in the whole amounting to 950/. and the laite Provoft, Dr. William Lewis, now Mafter of St. Crojfe's Hofpi- tal, ne?ii'WiTito}7, gave 100/. hereainto •, as did alio Rob. Pierponty Earl of Kingfton, and Rlch^ Kmghtley, of Prefion in IS^orthampt onjhire, both of them having been formerly Gent lemen Com- moners of this Society ; and Dr. Tol/on, befides the Money he expended on the Provoft's Lodgi- in2;, and the many Books given by hiim to the JLibi-ary, now contributed 1150 /. towards the publick Building of this College. 'Tis reporred, that the Mayor of the City^ in the great Conflict between the Scliolars ancj Townfmen, was hang'd in the fecond built Halt of Ch. I . (fthe Univerjity (/Oxford. 291 of this College ^ which then ftood in the fame place where the prefent Chappel is fituate, and was puird down about the Year 1535. at which Time ("tis faid) a Piece of the Halter was found about one of the great Beams thereof ^ and then was a third publick Hall ere£l:ed on the North fide of the old Quadrangle, at the Expence of the Students, Cthe firft Hall being in Oriel Houfe or Tenement.) Upon the pulling down of this third Hall, or Dining-room, in the Year 1537. the prefent Hall or Refeftory was in two or three Years afterwards built on the Eaft fide of the new Quadrangle. The firft Library belonging to this College was ere£Ved on the Eaft fide of the old Quadran- gle about the Year 1 444. by Dr. (^afcoinge, who beiides many Books gave five Marks towards the Building thereof: And altho' the College had no Library before this, yet it had a pretty good Stock of Books kept in Chefts and Coffers, which were given by fome of the Provofts and Fellows hereof, and lent out to the Scholars, on putting in of Caution for the Return of them. The prefent Library was built on the North fide, about the Year 1637. to the Structure of which Edward Combe, formerly a Fellow of this College, at the Time of his Death, anna 1619. gave too/. This Society firft of all performed Divine Service at St. Marys Church •, but afterwards by Reafbn of the Daily Aftemblies of the Uni- verfity had therein, on the Account of Convo- cations, Congregations, &c. this Place feeming fbmewhat inconvenient to the Scholars, Leave -was obtain'd from the Bifhop of Lincoln, anno 1372. for the Celebration of Divine Worfhip in a Chappel, built or to be built within the Col- lege, which 1 believe was never perfectly finiih- U 2 ed. $9^ The Antient and Trefent State PartlL §d, altho' begun by them about this Time ^ for i that they afterwards, in the Year 1437. (ued " for Leave agjlin of the BiHiop of the faid See for faying Prayers at St. t-Jl^ary's Church, out of the Preciiids of the College 1 Yet it is moftcfir- rain that they had a fmall Chappel which was fituated oppofite to Corpus Chrifli College Fore- Gate, as appears from a Cut of this College, drawn in the Year i ^66. But this Chappel was puird <\o\v\\ hnno i52o, when the new Quadran- gle was attempted, and Divine Service laid irt a large Chamber on the North fide of the Court, until the prefent Chappel was iinifhed x.John London, fometime War- den of this College, and a Perlbn equally infa- mous forFalfhood and Ingratitude. This Great Man, of whom I am now to fpeak, was born at Wickham, a Town in Hamfjhire, a- A. D* 1514, bout iiMiles diftant from JVinchefier, in the Road from hence to Tortfmouth, and was the Son. of John Long, and Sibyl his Wife. Indeed Authors differ very much about his Sir-name 5 Leland will have it to be Perrot, calling him by this Kame j Harfesfidd^ formerly a Fellow of this ^o4 *The Antient and Trefent State Part II. this College, and a pretty good Hiftorian, gives him the Name oflVickham ^ but the beft Wri- ters, with whom the Heralds do agree, will have it to he Long -^ and that of fr/c^/7^;» they afcribe to the Place of his Birth, as it was ufual in thofe Times for the Clergy and Laity to re- ceive one of their Sirnames from the City or Town where they were born • and fometimes from the natural Beauty or Imperfection of the Body, as the Longs, Shorts, Gibhs, &c. which was not the Cafe of our Founder, for that he was of a middle Stature. But the better to con- fute a Marginal Falfhood touching his Birth, lately added to the Life of King Henry the 4^^, by an anonymous Editor of the Hiftory of Eng' land in 3 Vol. in Folio^ I will here infert the Genealogy of this pious Founder, as coUefted and delivered by "IRjbert Heers, Fellow of this College at the Time of the Founder's Death, who in a ihort Treatife of Wickhani's Life added to a Statute Book, and given to Winchefier Col^ lege, has the following Relation of his Family, with the Charader of his honeft Parents, viz.. William Stratton begat on the Body of Amey^ Daughter of the Lord Stratton near Selhourn in Hampjhire, four Sons, 'viz,. Richard, Stephen, Robert and John (who all died without IlTue) and three Daughters, -viz.. Mice, Julian, and Eleanor : Alice marry'd John Bowde, by whom he had two Daughters, viz.. Sibyll (our Foun- der's Mother by an Intermarriage with John Long) and Agnes, from whom j4lice the Wife of William Perrot delcended : And this is fuf- ficient touching his Pedigree, the more Curious may learch the Herald's Office. Wickham. ha- ving had an Initiation in Grammar Learning among the Sons of certain Koblemen at Wiri- cheficr, on the Expence OiT^c. Vdall^ Kt. was remov'd Ch. I. (f theVniverJity of OyiYO%V)\ joj remov'd from thence to Oxford^ where he fpent his firft Years in Logick and Mathematlcks^ un* der the Tuition of Lewis Carleton^ afterwards Biihop of Hereford \ but following the Inclina- tion of his own Genius, he afterwards became a Student of the Civil Law under the Inftrudion of WiUiam Dorach ; and then by Letters of Commendation from the faid Vdafl to M^ilUam Courtney and John Buckingham, he grew into an Acquaintance with them ; the one being loon after Chancellor of the Univ^rfity, and then o? Canterbury^ and the other Arch-Deacon o^ Northampton^ and then Bilhop of iL?«co/». After Wickham had continu'd five or fix Years at Oxford (highly valued by the moft Learned Men there, being both in Writing and Speak- ing one of the politeft Genius's of the Agej his FsitTonVdall, then Conftable oflVinchefter Caftle and Lord Lieutenant of Hampfljire, fent foif him, and made him Secretary of his Difpat- ches to the King and his Council, as well as Of. his private Affairs ^ which Imployment he ma- naged with fo much Prudence and Fidelity, and with a Reputation beyond a Perfon of hid Years, that he was not only made ufe of by Vdall, but within the compaft of three Yeard was chofen by William Edington^ Bifhop of Wm-' chefler, and Lord High Treafurer of England^ to be his Secretary alio. Whilft Wickham was in this Office, King £,d* ward the ^d, in his Return frojn Portfrnouth^ making fome Stay at Winton, was fo well pleas'd with the Majeftick Air and Beauty of our Foun- der, and receiving a great Character of him from Vdall and Edingtony engaged him in hiS Service, and made him Surveyor of Dover, Windfor^ and Hadley Caftles, and feveral of his Mannors, whp with equal Diliaence and Ho- X " nefty ^q6 The Antie^it and Trefm1{ State Part II. nefty vvell acquitted hUpIqlf of theCommiiUons. entrufted to him ^ and befides, anrwer'd fb per- tinently to feveral pplitical Queftions which the Kii'ig put to him, that the Idea which this Great Monarch conceived of his Merit, daily increafed with him. Thro' his great Skill in Geometry and Architefture, Wkkham had the piredion of the Building of Wind/or Caftle, be- ing thp Place of the King's Birth, and where he had at once the* Kings of France a.nd Scotland Prifoners -^ and being relblved to ereft a Monu- ment to his Victories, he preferr'd this to all other Places, and caufed the antient Buildings to be demoliihed, and order'd a newandmoft magnificent Structure to be ere£ted. The en- tire Care of this being repofed in Wiclham, he acquitted himfelf with the utmoft Honour, fi- nliliing the whole in three Years Time. His Enemies gave fuch a malicious Turn to an In- fcription which he placed on that Palace, that it expofed him to the King's Difpleafure ^ but fbon removing thq larne, he made it contribute to his Intereft with the King, The Words were thefe, viz,. This made WiqJiham. The King, in confidence of his good Beha- viour in the Church, comipanded him to go in- to holy Orders, as he did in the Year 1 351, and was immediately made ReiSior of St. ^JMnrtlns, in the Fields^ and Dean of the College dedi- cated to this Saint in Lcndon^ and Archdeacon of Lincoln^ Northampton^ and Buckingham-^ and. the King not thinking thefe Benefices a fuffi- cient Reward for fo much Merit, made him J. Principal Dean of Wells ^ and Keeper of the. Privy Seal. In the Year 1367, he was created Biiliop of Winton^, and foon after Lord High Chancellor of England, and Preiident of the Council j and in fine, he had fo large a Share in Gh. i . of the Univevfity of Okford. 3 07 in th^ King's Affe£lions, that nothing was done without him. To difciharge the Duties laid on him by his fpiritual and temporal Dignities, he applied himfelf on tlie one hand to regulate his own Manners according to the ftrifteft Difci- pline,. and to eflablifli in his Diocels a Clergy leading an exemplary Life, and luch as were able to inftruft their Pariihioners ^ and on the other hand, he omitted nothing, that might tend to an exa£V Adminiflration of Juftice. Be- ing informed in the Year 1371. that thcGreac Seal Would be taken from him, he prevented the Difhonour by a Surrender of it to the King, who returning into England after a very fuccef^ fill War in France, found his Treafury much exhaufted : Upon which the Duke o^Lancafter, one of the King's Sons, at the Head of feveral of the Nobility, complained of the Ecclefia- fticks then having the greateft part of the high Offices of State, by reprefenting to the King, that it was not the Clergy's Bulinefs to inter- meddle with temporal Affairs, and that it was more proper for thofe Places to be filled by the Laity, who would dilcharge them with more Fidelity. The King being perfwaded, that if; he flighted thefe Complaints, he fliould difb- blige a powerful Faction, and if he turn'd out the Clergy, he fhould draw vaft Sums of Money from them on their being called to an account, refolved on a Change : But the Laity, promoted! to thefe important Charges, fupply'd them fo ill, that his Majefby was forced to re-efi:ablifh the Clergy therein. The Duke of Lancaftcr was remov'd from the Helm, but yet on the Prince of Walcs''s Death, returned to the Ad- miniflration '-, and now being in Power, and the King in a languifliing State of Health, he Vehemently declared againft the Clergy, and /'iVv-''^ X 2 left 3o8 The Antient andTrefent State Part II. left no Stone unturned to ruin Wickham, cauiing him to be accufed of Infidelity to his Prince, and for a criminal Excortion of Money from his Felbw-Subjei ion,' he appointed and inftituted feventy Scho- lars, ten Chaplains, three Clerks, and fixteen Ghcffi^^ers, withhandtbm Stipends affign'd them for their Maintenance ^ dividing his Fellows or Scholars into ArtiHs and Lawyers, by direftiiig, ten of the latter to apply themfelves to the Stur dyof the Civil Law, and as many more of tliem (b the Knbw ledge of the Canon Law • and the other fifty he would have become Proficients in jirt't and Divinity^ under fbme Exceptions and Aitiplifications : As for the Chaplains and Clerks, they were to be qualified for the Choir, by fuiging and reading Divine Service, and that the Chorifters may aflift herein, he built them Schools at the Weft End of the Chappel, and appointed Mafters for their hiftrud:ion. ; By the Statutes of this College it is provided, that all the Founder's Kinfmen grammatically educated at Winchefler -School, ihall be eleded and admitted into this Coll ?ge as Fellows, by xvay of fpecial Prerogative before all others^ without undergoing any Years of Probation, aiidihall enjoy the full Right of Fellows \ and ill Defeft of fuch Kinfmen only, the Choice is extended to others according, to the Counties dire£ted in the Statute. < '> i . \ :^ By a Compofition entred into between the tJiiiverfity and the Founder of this Society, it was agreed, that the Fellows thereof fhould be- admitted to all Degrees in the Univerfity, without asking any Grace of the Congregation of Mafters, or undergoing any Examination %y them in the publick Schools, provided they' were examined in the College according to the Form of the Univerfity, and' had their Graces giveil them in the like Manner by the Govern- ment of the Houfe. But in Procefs of Time the other Students of the Univerfity grew fo invi- dious 3i6 The Antient andTrefent State PartiL dious hereupon, that ?b(^ve 200 Years after- wards the Regent-Mafters difputed this Privi- lege of the College anno 1 507. but on a fblemn Hearing, Archbifhop Bancroft, then Chancellor of the Univerfity, adjudged this Controverfy in Favour of the College, declaring the Society to have been in PoiTellion of this Privilege for a- bove 200 Years, and fo the Matter has refted until this Day. v ••.i-'> This College has fbme other Privileges and Immunities diftinft from the Univerfity Rights. ^ and Cuftoms, as a Diftin^lion of Habits, &c^ which being of a lefs Importance, i forbear toi remember in this Place -^ and ihall pafs on to ce- lebrate the remaining Charities of Wickhamy who perceiviug the Nave of the Cathedral Church of St. Swithins at Winchefi-er, to be iu Ibme Decay and out of Repair, pulled down the fame, and rebuilt it from the Choir- Door to the Weftern Entrance thereinto, with two lofty Ifles, fupported with large Pillars of the Gothick Order, betwixt two of which Pillars this Founder lies buried under a very rich Monu- ment cafed with Porphyry Stone in the South Ifle thereof. By his iaift Will and Teftament ('befides the Legacies of Money and Silver Plate which he beqi^ath'd to his Colleges) he left Money for the Difcharging all Debtors out of Prifbn within his Diocefe thus detain'd^ for Sums under 20 /. and order'd his Executors to fee the High Ways from Winchefter to be re- pair'd out of the Wealth he devifed. In ihort. It may be laid of Wickham, that he was the grea- teft Founder and Benefactor to the State of the Church and good Learning, of any Subject ever yet living in England : Indeed he was an Ene- my to Wlcklijf, through the Darknels and ftrong Prejudices of a fuperftitious Education, which ' ' was Ch. I . of the Ufiiverjity of Oxford'. j i 7 was the only known Blemiih of his Life and Cha- rafter ^ which ought to be cover'd and conceal'd from us by a Multitude of Charities. Among the Benefactors of this College, in point of Time, John Buckingham, Biihopof Z/«- coln, claims the firft Place •, who, on the 7th of January, 1 388. convey'd hereunto the Advow- fon of the Church of SwalcUff in Oxfordflnre^ with other Eftates lying therein ; and at the fame time granted a Power unto the College of appropriating this Church, with that ofLobber^ bury in the fame County. Then .. Thomas Bekyngton Doftor of Laws, and fbmC-i. D. 144Q. time Fellow of this College, but afterwards Re- ftor of St. Leonard''s^ near Hafiings, in the Di- ocefs of Chichefier, then in the Prelentation of this Society, and alio Reftor of Sutton Courtney in BerJifhire, Dean of the Court of Arches, and afterwards Bifhop of Bath and Wells, in the 19th Year of Henry Vl's Reign, begg'd of this King the Mannor ofT^wnton LongvilUj for this Col- lege, and procured the fame to be annex'd here- unto j and at the Time of his Death bequeath'd many other Legacies. Thomas Jane, Doftor of Decrees, and once a '454' Fellow of this College, and ther. Canon of St. Taul\ Archdeacon ofEffex, Dean of the Royal Chappel, and laftly Bifhop of A^flnp/W:), on the 20th of Febr. in the lOth Year of //^^^ry VTI. gave a Tenement, and an Eftate in Lands, at Curtlington in Oxfordjlnre, to this Society. And Clement Harding, L.L.B. and formerly a Fellow 1507, hereof, on the 2 id of December, in the 23d of Henry VIL gave unto this Society fome Lands fituate at Burton in Berkflnre, and iVanborough in Wiltfure. William Warham, Do<^or of Laws, and here- i-jcp. tofore a Fellow of this College, and then Ma- fter ^i 8 The Antient and Frejent State' Part^.- fter of the Rolls, and at length palling through' feveral other Dignities in Church and State,, made Lord Chancellor of England ^ and Afch- bifhop of Canterbury y gave he^reunto a Mefluage with fome Lands in Hampjhire, at a Town called Kifigfclerey which came to him by Pater- nal Inheritance •, befides Books, and fqme Sil- ver Plate of 1 44 Ounces Weight. ' ' '' . ' . jLD. 1519. j^obcrt ShirhourtiCj another Fellow hereof, ^4 afterwards Canon of Lincoln, Archdeacon of Huntington, and Dean of St. Pauls^ and then Biihop ofChichcfier, in the Year 1519. gave un- to this College a MefTuage with all the Appurr tenances, at Harrow on the Hill, in AfidSefex,^ on Condition that one of the Fellows faid MalS on the Day whereon Leftures were read for the Inftruftion of. the Scholars ; and left the Prieft. iliould be defective in his Duty, he aifign'd a yearly Stipend of 10/. ifluingout of an.Eftate near Wicoynb in. BuchinghamJJiire, to one of the Fellows hereof. The fame Perfon founded four, . prebends in the Cathedral Church ofChichefler^ fthe firft called the Furfars Prebend, the fecond' ftyl'd the Excet Prebend, tjie third nam'd.the Windham Prebend, and the fourth the Bargham_ Prebendj with" a Statute, that none of thefe fhould be given to any other Perfon than one of the Fellows of this or the College near Winton. 1524. Tloomas Wells y Doftor of Divinity, and like- wife heretofore a Fellow of the fame College, but afterw^^rds Chaplain to Arphbifliop Warhoin^ and Ke^or o^ Hey ford Warren in Oxfordpjire, on the 1 3th of July, 1 524. gave an Annuity often Pounds, purchased of the, Convent of St. Anfiin at Canterbury for 200 /. and now payable out oF the Royal Exchequer ; and this he gave on- Condition that 6 /. thereof ihould be yearly given to three Priefts of the College,- two o^ which Ch. I . of th^XTmverfty^OyifO's^Ty, ^ 1 9 which to be Artists^ and the third a CiviUam ; and all to^e named and chofen by the Warden and Deans, being under Graduates. John Smith, Bm^eisof Ipfwich in Suffolk, gave J. D.i^zS, on the 20th of OBoher certain Lands and Tene- ments at Bir changer, and other Places in Effex and Hertfordfliire, ot the yearly Value of ill. unto this College, on Condition that the Sum of 3 /. was equally divided among three Priefts, two Artifts, or Divines, and one Canonift or Civilian, according to the Warden's Difcretion and Nomination only. William Flejhmotigcr, Doctor o^ Canon Law, '5^^' fome time Fellow of tliis Foundation, and then De^inofChichefier, gave the Mannor of 6ibma^-. hall at Tackley in EJfex, on Condition that eight Fellows (one half Artifts or Divines, and the o- ther Canonifts or Civilians) ihould receive 8 /. p^r Ann. to be equally divided among them : And to aflift the Wickh/imifis in buying the Man- nor of Staunton St. Joh-ns, he contributed 2co /. oil Condition that twelve Fellows (fix of which he would have to be Divines or Artifts, and the other fix either Canonifts or Civilians) did by equally divided Portions, receive from thence the Sum of 1 2/. viz..\ios. each. And towards the aforelaid Mannor of 5r*i/^^7/^o;7, Tho^ Mellinf, fome time a Fellow of this Col- ^— - 15 jj- lege, gave alfo 200 /. under this Condition, viz.. That two of the Fellows being graduate Priefts, ^the one a Student in Divinity or Arts, and the other in the Canon or Civil Law) on the Choice and Nomination of the Warden and two fenior Deaps, fhouldeachof them receive yearly the Sum of 2/. which are called the Hey ford Le- ftures, from the Place where he was Rector. Tljomas White, firft Fellow of this College, -««^, 1558. and then Head-School- Mafter and Warden of Win^ 320 The Afitient andTrefent State Part II, iVi»chefter-CoUes,ey but at laft Bifhop of Wz«- ton, gave the Msnnor o^ Mafl-^place in HampPiire to this Sacieuy, on this Condition, that every Fellow on the Day of his Admiffion, fhould have paid him the Sum of i 3 j. and 4 d. And J. D. 15B9 Chrifiopher RavoUns^ born in St. £^&'s Parifh in Oxford, Fellow of this College, and then Vicar of Adderlury in Oxfordjhire, gave all his Eftate in Lirtcolnjhire to this College, and made the Warden and Fellows hereof Truftees for the yearly Payment of twenty Marks to a Gram- mar-School at Adderbury, out of the fame j and as to the Reiidue of his Eftate thus given, he left it to the Difpofal of the Warden and Deans among the Fellows of this College, pro- vided the greater Part of them were Artifts. ' 1613. George Fyves, firft Fellow of this College, and then Fellow and Warden of Wtnchefter^ gave an Eftate of i o /. per Annum, on this Con- dition, that 3 /. thereof be paid to a Preacher for a Sermon on Trinity Sunday, at this College, and the other 7 /. to be divided among a Mo- derator, a Relpondent, and two Opponents at Difputations, on the Monday before the Uni- verfity Aft begins. " ^^^5" Letitia Williams, the only Curatrix of the Will of her Husband Tljomas Williams ^ gave an Eftate or Annuity of 1 2 /. to the two Wick- ham Colleges, for two Sermons to be preach'd by a Presbyter of each College, at Paufs Croffy London, and the two at each College on Gun- powder Treafon Day : And for five Orations or Speeches, two of vhich are to be fpoken at Nevo College, on the Founder's Commemoration, immediatelv preceding St. Thomas'^s Day, the one in Praife of the Founder, William de Wick- ham, and the other in Commendation of thofe ' moft excellent Princes, Queen EUt.^hth and King C h . I * of the Univerfity 0/ Oxford. 521 King "James I. and as many on the fame Argu- ments or Subjefts in the College near WintoTty with a fifth for a yearly Salutation of the War- den and Pofers of 2\(>ip-Co liege ; and thele three laft are fpoken by three of the Scholars in the School. Arthur Lakcy Fellow of this and Winchcftcr- College, and then Wardtin of this College, and at laft Bifhop oi'Bath and IVellsy gave an annual J. D. 1616. Eftate of 10 /. for the Endowment of certain I^eftures. Robert Pink, Warden of this College, and ReO:or of Staunton St. Jehns aforefaid, and of Colern, purchased and gave unto this Society 1*^47« the Advowfon of the Church of IVotton in Ox- forcijhir€. Michael Woodward, Fellow of this and Wir- chcfier-CoWe^e, and then Warden of this Col- lege, and Redor o^Brightwe/l in Berkfhire, pur- chafed and gave unto this College, feveral Fee- ^'^7?* farm Rents in Tork-finre, for an additional Sti- pend of 40 s. per Ann. to be paid to each of the ten Chaplains, and alio an Eftate at Brightivc/l aforefaid, of 85/. charging the fame with fe- veral Payments to this -and J^zW/7f/?7^'s College Chappel in Cambridge ^ both for Height and Extent of A rea, fo does its Hall excel all others in the two Univerfities, be- fides that o^Chrlfi-Churcb in Ojvr/or^s/jin Largenels, but yet is a far better proportion'd Room than that ofChrifi'Churchy and is adorn'd with an an- tique and beautiful VVainfcot, fee up in the Wardenfhip of Dr. London, fas fuppos'd^ by Archbiihop Warham. About the Year 1574. the Roof of the old Quadrangle was rais'd one Story in Height a- bove the Founder's Buildings, at the publick Expence of the Society, which has render'd the other three fides of the Court very magnificent, • and fuitable to the Strudure of the common Hall and Chappel. In the Year 1682. was begun the Building now fituate between the Eaft-Gate of this Col- lege and the Garden, partly on the Strength of the College Treafury , and partly on the Con- tributions of many honourable and worthy Pa- trons of Learning -^ and is erefted according to the Model of the Royal Palace at Ferfailles, fa- ving that it is not built upon Pillars -^ or to come nearer home, 'tis of the like Plan with the ^ Queen's Houie at Winchefter, with its feveral Proje£linns and Fallings back in a uniform and elegant Manner. This Building is fronted by a curious Piece of Iron-work, 1 30 Feet in length, let up in the Year 1711. and was made by that ingenious Artifl: Mr. The. Rchlnfon, at Hide-Park Corner. In fine, the Buildings of this College are all fumptuous, fiately and beautiful •, the Eftate of the Society plentiful, if well managed and ho- neftly in^efted, and- -the Inftitution thereof wife? Ch. I . of the Unlverjity o/^ Ox fo r d. 32? wife and of admirable Contrivance, if duly ob- ferved and confulted ; and it has produced fmce its Foundation as many eminent and confide- rable Men in all the Faculties of Learning, as the moft ancient College in either Univerfity, altho' the Crop be thin at prefent, through the fupine Negligence of a late Warden, and the Difcouragements arifmg from domeftick Quar- rels, and the Forgetfuinefs of fuch as owe Ibme Gratitude to the Memory of a munificent Foun- der : But it is to be hoped from the ingenuous Senfe, which many Perfbns, and elpecially at the lower Part of the Society, at prefent have of Matters, that the Splendor of its Reputa- tion will be foon reftor'd to its full and antient Luftre for Learning and good Manners. Among the principal BenefaLtors to our late Buildings may be reckon'd the Reverend Dr. John Nicolas, Dr. Henry Beefton^ Dr. Richard Traffics y Dr. Tho. Bralthwait^ fucceilively War- dens of this College •, Francis Turner, Bifhop of Ely, and Fellow hereof^ and Peter Mews, Bi- dliop of Winton, Laur. St. hoc, Edvoyn Sandys, ^nd (iJ^artyn Sandys of Ombejley in IVorcefierJhire, Fellows ^ and alfb John Rawlinfon of Combe in Hamppire, Fellow ; the Honourable James Bridges, Son of the Lord Chandois, John Kerle Ernley, Robert Sharrock, James Btiller^ Phil. But- ler, Thil. Rajldeiah, and Hugh Barker, Elquires, , Sir William Pole and Sir Cholmondlcy T)ecring, Baronets, Fellow-Commoners hereof, with ma- ny others too numerous to be here inferted, Who gave as follows, vi^. I. Dr. John 7\J^colas • • 445 Dr. Richard Traces — — — . 1 42 Dr. Henry Bceficn — — — . 100 Dr. Thomas Brathwait - — ■ 50 Y 2 Dr. 2 24 The Antie fit afidTrefejit State Part II. /. Dr. Francis Turner .- too Dr. Veter Mews - — lOO Lour. St. Loe ■ — 360 Edxvyn S.indySy Elq^ 100 Aiartin Sundys ■ — — . ^o John Ravelin f on ^ Efq^ — — 50 Hon. James Bridges, Elq',--ioo John Kerle Ernley^ Efq:, — ■ 100 IR^hert Sharrock, -^^^j ^^^ James Buller, Efq-, 50 Thll. Butler y Elq:^ ' 50 "ThiL Fafnleigh, Efq- — 50 f/ugh Barker, Efq^ 1 00 Sir mil. Pole, Bar. 50 Sir Cholm. Deerlng, Bar.— —50 T Lincoln-College. ' H E Founder of this College was Richard Flemmin^, born at Crofion in TorJcjJnre, of Cent.j.N.9c.mi eminent Family, but was himfelf (as ^^/hich thy Right Hand hathflanted^ it was fuch a Spur in the Bifhop's Side, that he immediately refolv'd to become a Benefaftor heieunto, and cou'd fcarce contain himfelf till Trifiroppe had made an end of his Difcourfe, wherein he complain'd of the great want of Buildings, and of Scho- laftick Ditcipline : whereupon the Bifliop an- fwer'd, that he would doall that was defir'd ^ and in the Year following he finifh'd the whole Building, and augmented the Number of Fel- lows from feven to twelve, and for their Sub- iiftence appropriated two Benefices, the one called Tvoyford in Buckinghamjljire, and the other Long Compton in Oxfordfliire. He moreover gave them a Body of Statutes on the eleventh of February J ^479' fubfcribed with his own Hand, for the Government of this Society, according to Triflroppe^s Defire ^ herein among other things ordaining, that in the Ele£lion of a Reelor and Fellows, great Regard fliould be had to the Dio- ceffes of Lincoln, TorJi, and Bath and Wells ^ viz. That the Rector ihould neceffarily be chofen out of the Diocefs of Lincoln, and that the Fel- lows fliould be chofen out of the Dioceffes a- bovemention'd,with a particular Refped had to the Parifh of Kotheram, if there were any there- of qualify'd for this Eleftion. Th\s Rother am was Lord High Chancellor of England, and by a Tranllation from Lincoln made Arch-Bifhop o^Tork. . After him there follow'd many Benefaftors, and as there were fome who only gave certain Rents for the oblerving of perpetual anniverfa- ry Commemorations of themfeives ; fo there were others, who augmented the Number of Fellc^ws •, among whom was Walter Bates, a Commoner 530 The Antient and Trefent State Part II. Commoner of this College, who gave a Houfe and Gardens in the Neighbourhood of this Col- lege •, whereupon the ReO:or and Fellows by a Bond oblig'd themfelves and their Succeflbrs to celebrate a Yearly Obit for him : And alfo John Crosby, Treafurer of the Church of Lin- coln, gave a hundred Marks for the Purchafe of Lands to maintain one Chaplain Lawyer : And William Dagvyle, an Oxford Gentleman, by his laft Will devis'd unto this Society a Tenement called the Chrifiophers in Magdalene Parifh, ^d another called Dagvyle-lm\ in All-hallows Pariih, with another Tenement in St. Martin's Pariih ; and laftly he gave a Garden lying in ^rand-font Street fnear Oxford) in Berhfhire, which were an Reverfion to defcend to this College after the X)eath of his Wife. Edmund Audi ey, Bifhopiof Sarum, at the Inftance of Dr. Tho. Drax, Reftor, gave the Sum of 40 Pounds for the Purchafe of certain Lands in Buchnghamfliire, to buy Gowns or Liveries for the Fellows, and befides this Benevolence, he gave unto them the Patronage of a certain Chauntry about the fame time founded by himfelf in the Chappel, which he built in the Cathedral at Salisbury on the South fide of the high Altar. And fome Years before this Gift of Audi ey^ Wtlliam Smith, Biihop of Lincoln J gave hereunto two Mannors, the one in Stajfordfljire and the other in Oxford' poire ^ and 'tis certain, that he intended to have beftow'd on this College all the Eftate, &c, which he fettled oil Bra:Lcn-nofe Hall, if the Re£l:or and Fellows wou'd have comply'd with the Conditions of his Charity. Edward Darby ^ Ibmetinie Fellow of this Col- lege, and then Arch-Deacon of Stow in Lincoln- finre, gave Money for the Purchafe of Lands to the Yearly Value of two Hundred Pounds, for the Ch. I . of the Univerfity o/Ox ford. 371 the Maintenance of three Fellows above the a- forefaid Number of twelve ; one of which he Would have to be born within the Archdeaconry b^StoWy another inlsljrthamftonjhire orLeicefier^ piire, and a third in Oxfordjhire ^ and that thele ihould altogether enjoy the fame Privileges of the College with the reft of the Fellows. William Findern, Kt. Son of the aforefaid Fin- dern^ gave Ibme Lands at Chalgrave in Oxford- jhire, of the yearly Value of twenty Shillings, Reprizes excepted, for an anniverfiry Sermon to be preach'd at Chilrey in BerkJIiire, making mention of him and his VVife in their Prayers. Jane Trappy V^idow of^ I? obert Trapps o^ Lon- don ^ by her \A^ill commanded her Executors to afhgn over unto this College certain Lands of hers in Kent, for the Maintenance of four Scho- lars herein by way of Exhibition ^ which ihe would have called Trapps Scholars j two of thefe are to be chofen from any Place whatfoever by the ReOror and Fellows, and their SuccefTors -, and the other two alternately by the Truftees of the Free School ?it Sandwich in Kent, founded by Ro^er Manwood, Serjeant at Law, and one of her Executors *, the Reftor and Fellows having the Nomination of one, and the Truftees the Nomination of the other ^ and to each of thele Exhibitioners ihe allocated the Sum of two Pounds thirteen Shillings and eight Pence per jinnum. John Smith, formerly Re£tor of Wykeham Breux in the Diocefs o'i Canterbury, gave an An- nuity of fifteen Pounds, ifluing out of certain Lands in the Parifli of Wingham in Kent, to the Re^or and Fellows, for the yearly Maintenance of one Scholar Exhibitioner, on the Allowance of fourteen Pounds ^ and the other twenty Shil- lings he gave to the LTe of the College : And : rho. ^^2 The Antient andTrefent State Part 11. Tl^o. Haynes^ of the Parifh of Chrifi Church in London^ by Will bequeath'd fix Pounds ^er Arm, towards the Education of two Exhibitioners, to be chofen by the Mayor, Recorder, and three Senior Aldermen of the Town of Zf /ctf/^fr, of his Confiuiguinity, wherefoever born or edu- cated •, and in deficiency ofthefe, out of the Free School of Leiccfter or Melton in the iaid County. . '. The foremoft Q^^drangle on the Weft fide of this College, is the moft antient Strudure of the whole Building, being erefted foon after the Founder's Death, partly out of the Money A!^'hich he bequeath'd for this End, and partly from the Benefactions of others, among whorti ..,.1^^ I have already ^emembred Will. Findern^ Efq. The ReClor's Lodgings, and the South fide of the firft Court were built out of the Money of 7/70. Behymtorj, Bifhop ot Bath and Wells^ which he gave for this End in his Life-time, viz.. two hundred Pounds : whereupon the Redor and Fellows bound themfelves in a Bond to his Exe- cutors, Hu^h Svgar, John Pope, and Rich. Swan, to obferve an Anniverfary in remembrance of this Bifhop : and the remaining Part of this South fide was erefted at the Expence of Rother ram^ fecond Founder hereof. The Weftern fide of the LefTer Court was built 1612. out of that Money, -viz.. 300 /. which Sir Tho. Rothc- ram^ Knt. and feme time Fellow of this Col- Jege, gave, in the Reign of Queen Eliz.a'jethy to make good the Damage which the College had fuilaia'd by him formerly, when he went oif in Burfarmip (as they fay) with a great Sum of the College Treafure, and privily fled into Ireland. The Eaft Part thereof was fet up at the fame time with the new Chappel, partly hy the Libe-rality of the Benefadors, araon^ whom Ch. I . of the Univerfity of Ox fo r d. 533 whom were Peter Manwood^ Knt. who gave 30/. and Rich. Franklin, who gave 20/. about the lanie time as the Weft fide was built. The pub- lick Hall on the Eaft of the greater Court, to- gether with the Buttery and the Chambers over the fame, and the Kitchin, were built by John ^' ^- H?(5. ForeJIr aforefaid. The Library, together with the Chambers under and over it, and the old Chappel contiguous hereunto, make up the North-fide of the great Court : This Library was alfo ereded at the fame time by the faid Forefiy whereinto were put the Books which the Founder himfelf bequeathed, with thoie given — »4U« by Tho, Gafcoigne. hi the Year 16 %6. this Li- brary was converted into a Chamber and Clo- lets, the whole Furniture being remov'd to the old Chappel, which being contiguous, was chang'd into a Library at the Expence of Na- thaniel Crew, the prefent Bifliop oi Durham, but then Fellow of this College. As to the Chappel :, the Society were firft wont to afTemble in St. Adildred^sChuvch. for the Celebration of Divine Service, and that always, unlefs it was when the College Statutes required them to meet ellewhere on the Fcafts of St. Michael and o^ All-hallows ^ but this Church has been demolilli'd with Age long fince, and \\\ the fame Place or near, from tlie Stones there- of, a certain Oratory was ereded with two Chambers under it, at the Coft of the faid John ^^ Forejt, Dean of Wells, who, for the building thereof and the Buttery by it, purchased coitaiii Ground-plots of the Burgefies oi Oxford, and not long after, viz.. on the i zth of February, Divine Service was had therein, in honour of St. Afildrcd or St. Hifgh, Bifliop of Lincoln, or both, to whom it was dedicated •, and it was calj'd by the Kame of die Tatrcnefs till Hen. the 8?/;'s 5 7 4 "The Antieut and Frejent State Pa r t II. Sth'sTime. In the Year 1531. the prefent Chappel was built at the Expence of John Wil- liams, B'/hop o^ Lincoln, and as fuch the Vifitor of this College •, and on the 15th of September, it was confecrated by "^ch. Corbet, Bifhop of Oxford. A All-Souls College. L L-SO V LS College, in point of Time founded next unto Lincoln, is fituated in St. Marys Pariih, in the High-fircet, near the Church of that Name ^ the Founder hereof be- ing Henry Chichley, the Deicendant of a good Family at Higham Ferrers in Northamftonjlnre, where he was born, and being of a fit Age, was lent from thence to Winchefler-Schooi, and plac'd on the Foundation there, for the fiike of Grammar Learning, and in the Year 1387. was by a Iblemn Eledion tranflated to iVfir-College in Oxford ^ wherein, after a laudable Progrels in Academical Studies, by an ailiduous Appli- cation thereunto, he proceded Doftor of Civil Law, and was defervedly efteem'd among the chief Ornam.ents of that Society, which he ibon after left for a Life of Pleafure in the Country. But Rich. Medford, Biihop of Sarum, knowing the Merits of this Perfon, if he could prevail on him to follow Bufmefs, fent for him into his Family, among his Friends and Acquaintance, and (before all others) preferrd him to be of his intimate Council, who was by this Biihop made jLD. 1402. Archdeacon o^Sarum, and then Chancellor of the Church of that Name ; and in thefe Offices giving Proofs of his great Prudence, by this Bi- iiiop's Means he became known to King Hen- ry Ch. I . (f the Univerfity ofOxFORD.' 5^5 ry IV. and was by him fent in frequent Em- baifies to foreign Princes ; and having the Ma- nagement of the higheft Matters of State com- mitted to him herein, he approv'd himfelf a faithful Agent, and an excellent Counfellor : Whereupon he loon grew in fuch Favour with the King, that on the Death o^^uy Mohun, Bi- fhop of St. Davids y he fucceeded to that See, and was confecrated Bifhop thereof by the Hands of the Pope himfelf, then refiding at 5/- ena. From this Time he became more and more in the King's good Graces, and in Favour with his Son, in this See giving Hifficient Evi- dence of a Mind fit for the Care and Conduct of Matters of the greateft Confequence in Church and State : and about five Years after he was by ' Henry V. advanced to the Archbillioprick of ^. D. 1414; Canterbury, on the 29th of July, and receiv'd the Pall from the Hands of the Bifhop oi Win- ton in the moft fcilemn manner. Being in this high Station of Preferment, he amaffed together great Riches, which in his Life-time he laid out on pious Ufes •, for befides his Buildings at Oxford, and at Higham-Ferrers^ he gave to this Univerfity 1 23 /. 5 j. S . t459« Pontificate, erefted not only for the Celebration of Divine Service therein, but for the Burial of Bodies deceafed : And as foon as this neat and elegant Edifice was raifed to the Top, Chichi ey came to Oxford, and with the AlTiftance of Will. Biihop of Lincoln, Tho. Bifliop of H'Vcc- fler, and Tho. Bifhop of Norwich, he confecra- ted the fame in Memory of all the Saints depar- ted, making firft an Agreeipenc with Oriel -'I44>. College (to which St. (tJ^ far y'^s Church belongs, and which on this fcore received 200 Marks* j for exempting his Society from hearing Di- vine Service therein, and from the Payment cf all Dues whatfoever heretofore paid thereunto. The Archbiihop of Canterbury for the Time being is the local Vifitor of this College. Arch^ biihop Cranmer in the Year 15^1. by a Cora- million dated the 1 2th of Afay, vifited this Col- lege upon the Complaint of the ill and loofe Be- haviour of the X^ellows of this Koufe, grown Z 3 fcan- 542 The Antiejtt andT^refejit State Part II. fcandalous for their Factions, Diflenfions, and Combinations one againft another ^ for their Compotations, Ingurgitations, and other endr- mous and exceilive Vices. In this Vifitation the Archbilliop gave them a Set of Injunftions, Declarations, and hiterpretations of their Sta- tutes, to the Number of 24. one of which was. for the Refidence of the Warden, not to be ab- fent above 60 Days in the Year. Magdalen-College. ■» WJlltam Tatten^ the Founder of this Col- lege, was born at Wahifleet in Lincoln- Jhlrc, where liv'd his Father, Richard Patten, and his l^lotlier Margery ^ Daughter o^ Richard Brereton Knight, his Father and Mother being both defcended from antient Families in their refpeftive Countries, had befides William two other Sons, the one named Johtj, a Graduate in this Univerlity, and afterwards Archdeacon of Surry, and (^as fbme fayj Dean of Chichefier ^ Snd Richard o? Bafelow in Derbyshire. William^ fur-named JVainfleer, from the Place of his Birth, according to the Cuftom of the Monks in thole Times, was for the firft Part of his Education fent to IVickhamf -School, near Winchefier, and from thence remov'd to Oxford, tho' to what College fome have doubted, but m oft probably to iVf IP-College, as Tradition has deliver'd it down ^ others fay to ^Jldcrton, and that he was either Chaplain or Poft-Mafter therein. He ftay'd not long in Oxford after he was promo- ted to the Degree of a Batchelor in Divinity, C^ Degree in that Age not fo common as in the prefeiJt) but was made chief Mafter of Winchc' ficr- Gh. I. (ftheUniverntyofO^YOViD. ^4j fler-School^ (which is a vehement Pre fumption that he was a Fellow of Wiclihamh College in Oxford^ it being a Poft of good Reputation an4 Profit, and never given to any other than a Wickhamifi) wherein he continued for twelve Years together, and was then advancM by his good Patron K. Henry VI. to be Provoft of Ea- ton College ; and laftly, on the 30th of July, 1447. he was created Bifliop of Wincheftcry o- ver which he prefided 39 Years, in which tima he was for 9 Years Lord High Chancellor o^Eng- landy viz.. from the 1 1 th of OBober, 1 449. to the ^th of July 1458. quitting this Oihce a little before the Battle of Northampton. He ftuck clofe to the Intereftof his aforefaid Patron, fb that he was frown'd upon by King Edward IV, and in the Employments ofBifhop and Cnan- cellor (as premifedj he amafled together Mo- ney enough to attempt great Defigns, and by fome publick Work of Charity to perpetuate his Name to after Ages;, and to this End he firft built a Hall, and then a College at Oxford, dedicating both of them to St. A^^fary Magdalen \ of v^^hlch in their proper Order. Wa'mflcet Hrft intending to found a Hall, pur- chafed a Royal Charter, bearing Date the 5th o?<>J^ay, m the 25th Year of Henry VI's Reign, whereby he was enabled to inftitute and fettle 50 graduate Scholars therein, which Kumbev; might be increafed or diminiflied according to the Augmentation or Dimiiuition of the Reve- nues purchafed, and wherewith he endowM the fame, befides the Power gi^/en him of fettling a yearly Eftate of 100 Marks thereon, and the Right of having a Common Seal for the Di(- patch of publick Bufinefs, which was alfo ex- prefly granted in the faid Charter. Z 4 After 544 ^'^^ Antient md Trefent State Part II, After this he commilTioned John ^ooAmanfion of :^fexy Efqi to find out a fit Place for the Stru^lure defign'd by hiiHj who agreed with the Mafter and Brethren of St. Johfi's Hofpital without Baft-gate, for the Purchafe of certain Lands and Houfes leading from this Gate of the City to St. Johns-ftreft, Eaftward, and to Horfe- mullane, now called Logick-lane^ Weftward. Thefe Tenements, befides Gardens and Back- fides, were nine in Number, and among them was Borftar-Hall, Hare-Hall^ Pencrith-Hallj and Nightingale- Hall ^ and when he had bought thefe he delivered them into the Founder's Hands, to be applied to the aforefaid Ufes ; who being in PoiTeiTion thereof, immediately converted them into one Hall dedicated to the Honour of St. A'fary Magdalen, wherein he pla- ced the Perlbns hereafter mentioned, as appears by a Charter of Foundation dated the 28th of ^uguft, Boftar-Hall, being 1 3 5 Feet in Length, and 37 in Breadth, was fituated the next Houfe Weftward of the Saracens Head in High-ftrcet, formerly called the ScrudU-Ojfice. Hare-Hall^ 7 5 Feet in Length, and 66 in Breadtli, &c. After this the faid Prefid^iit and Fellows, or Scholars, bought four other Tenements of V- ni'verfity -CoWe^e for the Enlargement of their Hal), two of which were on the Eaft fide of Boftar or A'fagdale7i-Y{2t.\\ and the other two be- tween Horfe-muUane and Vni-verftty-CoWe^Q^ one of which going by the Kanie of Little Vniver- fity-Hall j and all thefe Houfes the Founder pull'd down to make Room for his Hall \ and lb f^r of Magdalef!-H^\] for the prefent is fuffi- cient. I p -oceed in the next Place to Ipeak of the Foundation of this College, and of transfer- ring tlie Scholars of this Hall into a College-. For Ch. I. of the Untverfity of Oxfor d." 345 For the Founder having for fbme while before defign'd this Work, reported the Matter to King Henry VI. who would have had him be- gin the lame at Cambridge •, but Wainfleet excu" Sng himfelf put the King in Mind of his Leave promis'd him for the converting of St. John^s Hofpital, built by the King's Anceftors, to the Ufe of Letters ^ to which his Majefty affented, and immediately on the 27th of September he -^- ^' ^A^^* gave the Holpitalars Leave to quit the fame for ever to the Preiident and Scholars ofAf.igdale?2- Hall, with a Power granted on the 27th ofOfto- her, of conveying the Advowfonof this Hofpi- tal to the Founder ; which they prefently do- ing, the fame was on the 5th of July delivered ^457* into the Hands of the aforefiid Prefident and Scholars, at the fame time ailigning unto them all their Manners, Lands and Poffeilions, Spi- ritual and Temporal, belonging to the HofpitaJ ^ for which the Prefident and Scholars ftipula- ted to allow them a Maintenance during their Lives. After this Alignment the Founder on the 18th of July the flime Year, was impower'd by a Royal Charter to found a College oncertain Lands lying without Eaft-gate, on this fide the River Cherwell, procuring for his College the Confirmation of an Eflate of ico /. fcr Ann. granted thereunto. After tliis Settlement the Prefident and Scholars in the Month of June, convey 'd this Holpital over to the Founder him- felf, who on Poffeflion thereof chang'd it into a College on the 12th of the fame Month and • ^4^3. Year, and therein placed the Perfons to be elfe- where remembred • unto whom he forthwith granted Leave ofelefting and admitting other Fellows thereinto, and within three Days after, the Prefident and Scholars of tiJMagdiilen-ii?A\ dpliver'd the fame up to this new College, and were 5 ifi The Antient and Trefent State Part 11. were therein chofen themlel ves by a ne wEleftion. The Founder having efl^bliih'd thefe Mat- ters according to the ulual Forms of Law, and obtaining an additional Confirmation of this his Foundation through the Means of a Bull from Pope Cdixtus 111. and afterwards from Pope Sixtus IV. by which Bulls he exempted his Col- lege as much as in him lay from all Legatine, Archiepifcopal and Epifcopal Jurifdidion and Authority^and made it only fubjeft to the Power of the Bifhop o^Wmton, as local Vifitor, giving unto him the Probat of Wills of all fuch Perfons as were of the Number of his Foundation, if they happened to die within the College. Du- ring the Time the Strudure of this Houfe was raifing, he placed his Fellows either in the Neighbouring Hofpitals or in ^J^agdalen-lrldiWy and in promoting of this Work he chiefly made Ufe of William Orchard, as his Undertaker in Mafonry, in building the Tower, after he had finifh'd the great Quadrangle, Hall, and Chap- pel, who added Buttreffes to the Hall and Chap- pel, and made an End of the Library, Cloyfters, Chambers, &c. and laftly built the great Weft- ern Window of the Chappel, after the Model of that of All-Souls College. AH thefe Buildings the Founder liv'd to fee finifh'd out of the Quar- ries at Hedington •, and the Number of Fellows defign'd by him being compleated, he now af- fembled them under one Roof, whereas they were before diftributed in different Habitations ^ and provided for all the furviving Hofpitalars with Food and Lodging, during their Lives. And Magdalen-li^iW laying afide its new Name, was again called Bofiar-Ha.\\, and was inhabited by the Students of the Univerfity for many Years afterwards, wherein John Seymour, and John Collys were Principals, about the End of Edward, .Ch. I . of the Uftiverfity of Ox ford, ' ^ 47 Edward IV's Reign : But when many of the Halls lay void, and this among the reft, the College let out the fame to Thomas Brown, d. Taylor, and after him to Roo^. Baclfter, a Vint- ner. No fooner were the Buildings of this Col- lege in this manner perfe£led, and the fame in- habited, but the pious Founder, after mature ^/^ jy^ j^-n Deliberation touching the Government thereof, fent a Body of Statutes to the Prefident and Fel- lows, form'd on the Plan of thofe of A^ir-Col- lege ^ in the Beginning of which Statutes he or- dains this Foundation to be a perpetual College for poor and indigent Clerks in the Univerfity o^ Oxford, ftudying the Arts and Sciences ^ and that it ihouid enjoy and bear the Name of St. Mary Aia^dalen College , in Honour of the Blef- fed Virgin, St. <>JHary ysu ktttw^ he is iMich furpriz,^d at thefc Procedings, /tid f.t'- pe^s that you pjou'd fend me an aocguntofwhat "pajl- on thatOccafion, andtvhcth'er you did '.receive 'his Majefiy" s faid Mandafe before you dJafe.Dr.'Hjone.h, Thereupon the ViJe-Prefident arid^pello^s dre^ up their Cafe relatmg'to their lafte Eiecbion of n April ix, a PfeMent, which was prefented' |j tb the Duke otOrmondj Chancellor iof this X^mveulity, witli a Letter, wherein th'e\?l3egg'd 'his Grace -to in- terpofe with the King tor them, that they might not lie under his Difpleafure, for not b6- ing in' a Capacity of obeying his' Commands. This Submiilion not being fuisfaftovy, and tHe Duke ofOrmond's Intei^pbfttion litUe regarded, the Vice-Prefident and Fellows were cited to ^ -^^i^^^ 2^3^ * appear before the Ecclefiaftical Commiffio- . t^^^^ ^^ Tiers ^t Whitehall y -f- when the Vice-Prefident •and other deputed Fellows appear^ before the •Cortimiffioners according to tne faid Citation : And it being demanded of them. Why 'they re- fused to ebey the King's Afandate ? they prayed '/Fvme to confider of it, which wag gf anted to the I ithy when their Anfo/er was given -in and -read, wherein they alledg'd, " Thac St, Mary ^J^MAgd.ilene Coll^ in0.vv 559^ from the Matter, in order to his Expulfion - That having left Cambridge, he taught School at Chippenham in Wdtjliire, under a NoncoiW formift Minifter without Licenfe : That in September, 1683. he was admitted of St. /I/4- . , ry Magdalen Hall in Oxen, where fuch fre- quent Complaints were brought againft hiiH Xp the Principal, for histroubleibme Humouu and unquiet Temper, that to pre fee ve th^ Peace of the Society, he was defir'd to leave the faid Hall : That after his leaving Magda- len Hall, he was admitted into Magdatm Col- lege, where difcourfing about Religion,, he declar'd. That there was no Protcflant but would cut the King's Throat ^ tho' at other times he faid, Tljat whatfoevcr he pretended, he was r^ttlly a Member of the Church oUor HoiighV Pl(tce nias declared void } To whlqh the greater Pa'rt^ahfr'er*cl, TTj^y could pot do it without ti^tihe^ dita^'id'^P^rpry^' arid'iyerepjfe wouid 'not tio^iA During j;}lis Examinatibii -Dr.' ii/'oaj-^came int^ Court,' without any Jitt^kd^ince,' and 'hfevjrt^ waited 611 it was ended, 'and the Corftrnfiflioners at a Paufe, he defir'd tjeave to fpeak a few Hnhotefia- Words, ^; which t)eing granted, he faid^ "m^ir they hai/im been vleds*dtd deprive hitk af'hii Plach of prejidem of that Coltcfe^ hi^' did. proie^' a^ai^Jt all their ryi(k:eedj.77gi,.iti, tr(j^icQ'af htpi'dnd' his Right, ,p iiHegnl, mijkB and null ; andth&thre he appear d to bif Soverei^ 'Lord the'KhT^^'^ih his Courts of- Jufiice. XJp'oii', which the^ 'SBrlirigers and youne Scholars iji th$ Room ^ave -a-jy^iw, which fb {n'cens'd their Lprdfl^ips, mat ribtwitft- ftanding'^JiU the Proteftations ithe P;-e!fld^iit and Pellows could make^' file t^reiident in! particu- lar offering to purge- liiinfelf by Oath that -he was no ways.acceflar^to rp^ yet'theli^btd'Chieif juftice •(vas'hot to W'paCTfted, but'clikr^^^ Vi-^o\\T)':^Hou^hj bound hitn in ?i BondoFYebo/. and Security to the like Value,' to make his Ap- pearanc|:,atthe King's BcTtph Ba:rthe T^rm- fol- lowing. "' Moreover '^t^ie/Lqrd ChieFjufticS faid they had met with i^ot^tfi^but Aff^ofnii-'-from the College: Thnt'^a§ fof himfelf he'-vaiued not whjtrPe'ople falH of'-^hiHi, but was refbtved to vindicate the Hpudur of his Mafter to the laft Drop of his Blood •^'^nd {^ t)XQ'Crvii Power could not keep'.them in Or diCr' the Military '^ibuld. The ingenious (asHe waSriick-Tiani''db5rWay'df Irony) .Si Ch. I* i of the Umverfity of Oylfokd. ; 'q6j Irony) Baron Jwwfr likewife fhew'd his Reieilt- tnent upon this Occafion, by punning on the late. Prefident's Name, and faying to him, Sir\, Toil mufi not think to huf (Hough) «a. About which time feveral Officers then in Town came into the Room. On Tuefday the Court being fnety Dr, Sii^ord, one of the Fellows, oifer'da . , y Paper in anfwer to what was objeded the Friday Oft. sjJ i before, that the King's Mandate in favour of '^ Mr. Farmer implied an hihibition, which their Lordfhips having perufed, would not' fufterto be read publickly, but ask'd the Felbws whe* ther they Vvould iign it ? bidding them do it at their Peril. The Fellows being withdrawn, and not thinking it was necefl^ry to fign a Plea' which the Commiilioners refus'd to have argued, they return'd the Paper into the Court, fubfcribed only l)y' Dr. Fairfax and Tix.^Stajford. Their Lordfhips taking no further Notice of that-Pa- per, the Biihop of Chefier > aSk'd the FeSloWB whether they would inftal the Bifhop of 'Oxm. Prefident, or ailift at the inftalling of him ?. Tc this they infwer'd as before(, jdiat as they^.^iauid not do it without deliberate' Perjury, fo it was XiQt in their Power to do it. Thereupon Mr. Wiggins, Chaplain to the Bi^^op ofOxfordi i"^- power'd HS a Proxy to be inlialfd Prefident for his Lord, fthen coiifin'd to his Chamber by fome Indifpofition) was put into the Prefident's Stall by the Biftiop of Chcficr^ none of the Fellows being prefent but Mr. Charnock, and took> the Oaths which the Statutes enjoin the Prefident at his Admiilion, and the Oath of Allegiance and Supremacy. Then their Lordihips condu- ced him to the Prefident's Lodgings •, ' where knocking three Times, and the Dor nod being •open'd, a Sm.ith was fent for to force it open, and Mr. Wiggins took Poifeirion of tite Jjodg^ inJis. r ^68 . The A?ftle7tt andTrefent State Part II. ings. Immediately after, the Bifhop of Chefier ask'd the Fellows whether they would obey the Biihop of Oxofi. as now inftall'd Prefident, by virtue of the King's Mandate ? Dr. Fairfax an- fwer'd, He neither could nor would obey him, having already a lawful and ftatutable Preii- f Dr. Tho. dent -^ others -t* comply'd with his Majefty's mas 5mith Pleafure, and others again defir'd Time to con- JmI ^''\ ^^^^^ °" ^ vveighty a Queftion •, which was gran- Ctoinock. ^g^ . ^j^g g.^^p ^^ ^fj^p^ bidding them go and confult about it among themfelves. In the Af- ternoon this Anfwer was given in by the Society, (except Dr. Fairfax) : That whereas his Majefiy had been ^leas'*d by his Royal Authority^ to caufe the Bipop ofOxon- to be infialPd Prefident, they did fubmit as far as was lawful and agreeable to the Statutes of the College , and no way prejudicial to the Right and Title of Dr, Hough. This An- fwer was accepted, except the laftClaufe, which the Lord Chief Juftice, and Baron Jenner de- clar'd, as Judges, to be infignificant, fince no- thing they could do could any way invalidate Dr. Hough's Title, but left them ftill at Liber- ty to be Witnefles for him, or to be any other way ferviceable to him in the Recovery of his Right •, and upon this Affurance the Society wasprevail'd with to leave out the laftClaufe. Br. Fairfax perfifting in his former Anfwer, re- ceived Sentence ofExpulfion, againft which he protefled as null, unjuft and unlawful. This Proteftation was over-ruled by the Commiflio- ners, and a Copy of the Sentence denied, tho* moft earneftly defir'd at the Inftance of Doftor Hedges and Mr. Vice- Chancellor, two Days afl^ ter. Their Lordfhips thinking they had gain'd their Point, declared, that they were well fatis- fied with the Anfwer the Society had gi- ven them ^ and tho' before they had laid a Li- b»l Ch. I. of tbeUmvei^ty of Oyi?OKTfk 569 bel to their Charge, yet that Night they de- clared they had met with nothing buf CiviHty^ and that they fhould receive the fame from them ^ that they had iliewn tiiemfelves«Men of excellent Tempers, and that they would repre- fent it faifhfully ^bove to their Advantage, and immediately difpatch'd an Exprefs to Court- with an Account of their Proceedings. On Wednefday Morning, the Fellows having been ^^' ^^* order'd the Day before to bring in their Anfwer to the following Queftions. i. What Gifts and Provifions the\ had for the Entertainment of Stran- gers ? 2. What was the Value of them ? 3. How they voere applied ? 4. ^nd where was the Place of Entertainment ? They made it appear very fatisfadorily, that one Year with anocher they gave almoft 1 00 /. in Charity-Money, over and above what by their Statutes they are oblig'd to give. . Upon which their Lordfhips expatiated' upon their generous Bounty and Liberality, fay- ing, the Complaint on this Account was ground- left, and that it would induce his Majefty to entertain better Thoughts of them in all other Matters. On Thurfday the Fellows having pre- Oct, 27. fented to the Commiifioners a Lift of Leafes which had been renewed for two Years laft paft, Mr. Charnock, the new Convert, ask'd their Lordfhips, whether thefe Leafes ftood good which had been fealed fince Dr. Hough's Ele-^ ftion ? the Lord Chief jurtice anfwer'd, Tes j for Corporations always fpeak by their Seals. Then their Lordfhips peruled the College Rei^ifters, and finding nothing in them toobjed againft, they were returned, and the Court adjourn'd. On Friday Morning the Commiifioners acquain- 0.?. 28. ted the Fellows, they had reprefented teem fairly to the King, but that his Majeity expect- ed fome farther Submiilion, which they advis'd B b them ■yjb The Antient and Trefent State Pa rt II Suhmi£ion im- them to make, ' By acknowledging their Con- foi^d by the Court u^on the Fellows. The Fellowi Jteafons why they refufe to fign U. tempt to his facred Majefty in Perlbn, and ta his Letters : That they fliould promife to be- have themfelves loyally for the future : That -they fhould own the Proceedings and Legali- ty of the Court, implore his Majefty's Pardon, and lay themfelves at his Feet ; and that they ihould declare their entire Submiflion to the Bifhop o^Oxon. as their Prefident. The FeU lows anlwer'd in Writing, * That they had en«* deavour'd in all their Anions, to exprels theic Dyty to his Majefty ^ and being confcious to themfelves, that in the whole Conduct of the Bnfmefs before their Lordihips, they had done nothing but what their Oaths and Sta-» tutes had indifpenfably oblig'd them to, theyd; could not make any Declaration, whereby? they acknowledged that they had done any thing amifs, having aded according to the principles of Loyalty and Obedience, ib far as they could without doing Violence to their: Confciences, or Prejudice to their Rights^ (one of which they conceived the ele£ling of a Prefident to be) from which they were fwoni' upon no Account tq depart. Upon the Peru- fal of this Anfwer, their Lordihips expreft their Diflike of it, fayine, it did not come up to the Addreft lent to his Majefty at Bath, nor to the paper they deliver'd in on Tuefddy : Whereup- on a frefh Queftion being put to the Fellows, \Vhether they would obey the Biftiop of Oxford as their Prefident, all, except one or two, an- fwered, they could not do it. Then Mr. Ful" ham^ being particularly interrogated, he al- ledfie^t, * That the Biihop of Oxford had not * ^ofTeilion in due form of Law, nor by proper * Ofticers % and that he was informed, that the * proper Officer to give PofTeffion of a Free- ' hold Ch. I . of the Univerfity 0/ Ox fo r d. 5^7 1 * hold was the Sheriff with a Pojfe Comitatus, To this the Lord Chief Juft ice replied in a Pa{^ iion •, ' Pray who's the beft Lawyer, you or I > * Your Oxford Law is no better than your Ox^^ ' ford Divinity : If you have a Mind to a Pojfe * Comitatus, you may have one loon enough. Mr. Fulham endeavoured to make an Excufe for what he had faid, which their Lordfhips rejeft- ed •, and having thought fit to fufpend him from the Profits of his Fellowihip, for his Cont^mft and opprobrious Language ^ they adjourn'd till the 16th. of November, and immediately went for London. The King having (een an Account of the Proceedings of the Vifitors, his Majefty or- der'd them, that at their Return to the Col- lege, they fhould fummon all the Fellows t3 a]^pear before them, and endeavour to mak^ them fenfible of their Offences *, and if they fhould refufe to fubfcribe the above-mentioned Submifiion, immediately to expel them for their ObftirTacy. Purfuant to thefe Inftrufl:ions, the Lords Commiffioners return'd to Oxford \ and being fate, the firft thing they did was to lend Nov. i6. for the Buttery-Book, then they called for Mr. Joyner and Mr. Allihone, two Rom An Catholicks, whom they enter'd aftual Fellows, all Oaths be- ing difpens'd with, befides that of the College : That done, the Bilhop oiChefter made a Speech Bifiop of Cht^ to the Fellows, wherein he told them, ' Thai ^i^iV Speech ' their many Contempts, and wilful Difobedi- * ence had occafioned this Vifitation, which * would end at laft in their Ruin : That their * Society had been long exercifed in the Me- '^ thods of Quarelling ; had always been trou- * bled with fadious Spiris, and tefty IV^utl- ■" neers, ever lince the Reitoration of the late King : That they had encouraged Quarrels among themfelves *, Quarrels between them- • B b 2 ' feivess 37' The Antient and frefent State Part It < felves and Prefident ^ Quarrels, at length be- * tween themfelves and Vifitor. That by thefe' * Steps, from Quarelling with the Prefident and ' Vifitor, they had at lafl advanc'd to the high- ' eft Pitch of Infolence, to Quarrel with their ' Prince, and affront his facred Majefty. Then he endeavoured to make them fenfible of their irregular Conduft, and heinous Offences, from their firfl: difobeying the King's Mandate to that Day, He told them, * They urg'd the Obfer- vances of their Statutes, of which they had not been fo conftant pbfervers when their own Humour prompted them to a Difpenfa- tion ; witnefs (faid he) that of being ferved per Mafculos, by which great Scandals have come to this Society by Realbn of Baftards. His Majefty Cadded he) was extremely ama- zed that his Clemency iliould be delpis'd • but yet, to your Comfort be it fpoken, his Patience and. Goodnefs extend as far as your Provocations can : But if you ftill perfift in your Obftinacy, thofe that are too tall to fland, and too ftubborn to bend, deferve to be broken. And now I think I have faid enough to let you know, that the Fig-leaves you have fo artificially fticht together are not fufficient to cover your Nakednefs. I wiih to God you had the fame Tendernefs for your own Concern as his Majeftv's CommiiConers have for you. ^.ut if you ftill perfift to op- pofe the Royal Power of the King, we who are come to vindicate the Right and Honour of his Majefty, refolve to difcharge our Con- fciences, and Duties to God and the King, withf^ut any Refped of Popularity, that's but the Paraviife o<^Foo's, and Scorn of wife Men; and therefore, as for us, we have no more f Regard to People's Diflike than what they * drepi. Ch. I. of tbeUmverJity of Oxford^. j7j ' dream. By reafbn therefore of yoiir late Hy- pocritical Submiffion, the Commiffioners have * thought fit to draw rup an Inftrument, to which if you Ihall immediately fubfcribe be- fore you leave the Room, we fhall leave you to his Majefty's Pardon : And this we expeO: from you all, except Dr. Thomas Smith and Mr. Chamock, with whofe Behaviour the King is fb well fatisfied, that he expefts no more from them. The above-mention'd SubmiiU- on being read to the Fellows, all, except Dr. Thomas Smith and Mr. Chamock refus'd to fign it," Mr. Thompfon bain^ call'd in his Turn, al- ledg'd he had always been obedient to the King's Commands ^ that he was not concern'd in the Eleftion of Dr. Hou^h \ that he voted for Mr. Farmer^ and was ready to lubmit to the Bi- iliop ofOxon. and fo he was excufed. After a fhort time, all who refus'd to fign the Submif- iion, being 25 in Number, were called in, and by Sentence of their Lordihips depriv'd and ex- pel I'd from their Fello'»'lhips, for their Difo- bedience to his Maje^y's Commands, and ob- ftinately contemning his Royal Authority ; a- gainft which they ail protefted, declaring they Avould ufe all juft and legal Ways of being relie- ved. This Sentence was confirm'd by a Decree made at Whitehall by the Ecclefiaftical Com- miilioners, declaring, That Dr. Hough (who ^''j ^'^"S^ , had been deprived before) and the [aid 1% f^^-^ojvs^lcpfir'd.' lows J Jhould be incapable of Receivings ar bei?ig ad- mitted into^ any Ecclefafiical Dignityy Benefice or Promotion ^ and fuch of them who were not yet in holy Orders^ they adjudged incapable of receiving or being admitted into the fame. Thus by a Sen- tence of an illegal Court, were a Society of Learned and Worthy Proteftants turn'd out of their Freeholds, to make Room far a Popiih i" B b 3 Semi- J 74 The Antient andTrefent State PartIL Seminary-, and thus was King Jama prevail'd with by his Evil Minifters to affume 'a Power, not only to difpence with Laws but with Oaths alfo. Afrer the Expulfion of the Fellows, moft of the Demies were likewife tum'd out o? Mag- daleh-College, by the Biihop of Oxford and Mr. Charnock his Vice-Prefident^ and Roman Catho- licks put in their Places. To acknowledge the King's Favours, the Bifhop of Oxford publiih'd a Book containing Reafons for abrogating the Tefi and Tenal Lawsy and his Majefty comman- ded the Stationers not to Print any Anfwer to the fame. The numerous AddrelTes which were daily prefentedj to the King by the Diflenters, upon account of the late 'Declaration for Liberty of Confcience, could not but mortify the found Par- ty of the Church oi England, who Juftly look'd upon that Declaration as a Jefuitical hivention to advance Papifis to Places of Truft, and by degrees to introduce them into the Legiilature. But to aggravate thtir Affti^ion, the Court Creatures gave 'em to underftand that they ought themfelves to imitate the Non-Confor- miftSj and fill up the Chorus of the grateful Acknowledgers of the King's Indulgence ^ ur- ging as an indifputable Motive, that his Maje- sty had been gracioufly pleafed to declare, * That he would proted and maintain his Arch- * bifliops, BiiKops, Clergy,' and all other his * Subjefts of the Church of £«^/^w<^, in the free * Exercife of their Religion, and in the quiet *and full Enjoyment of all their Poffeilions, . f without any Moleftation or Difturbance what- * foever. The Biihops of Durham, Chefier^ Lincoln, Coventry and Litchfield, and St. Davtds prevailed, the firft with the City of Durham^ ■and the reft with the Clergy under their Pa- Ch. I .^ of the Univerjity qfOxFORo. ^y^ jftoral Care, to fign Addrefles of Thanks, which they prefented to his Majefty ; the Dean and Chapter ofJRipoK, and fome few Corporations, did the like ^ but yet thefe Proteftant Addreffes were fo dry and jejune, that they leem'd rather like the forc'd Thanks which a corrected Child gives to a levere Parent, whilft he ftill holds the Rod in his Hand •, or the awkward Complir- ments we pay to fuch as have injur'd us, when 'tis in their Power to do us further Mifchiefj than like the hearty and unforc'd Acknowledg- ments which flow from the Senfe of a Favour receiv'd. The Bilhop o^ Ox-ford was not lb fuc- cefsful as the reft of the Court Prelates ^ for not- withftanding the extraordinary Zeal he fhewed upon this Occafion, his Clergy ftill refus'd to Jign an Addrefs which might prove of fo dange- rous Confequence : Yet to let the World know that 'twas not either out of a fullen Caprice, or Difloyalty, that they denied to pay that Ho- mage to his Majefty, they gave their kealbns in Writing to their Biftiop. The Fellows of this College were on the 25th ofOflober, 1688. re, ftored to their Fellowfhips by the King's Let- ter, to the Biihop of JVIncheficr, when the King faw himfelf falling from the Throne, for his Tyranny and unjuft Ullirpations on our Reli- gion, Liberties and Properties, according to the common Fate of wicked Princes, who woul4 enflave their People to gratify their own Abo- minations. The Founder lies buried in iVin^ c/jf/?^r-Cathedral. Bb4, Bra- ^^6 The Antient and. Trefeut State Part He Brazen-nose Coll:ege. W I/lrafn Smyth , the firft and efpecial Foun- der of this College, was born at Farn-' portb in the Parifli of Prcfcote in Lancajhlre^ and was the Son of Rob. Smyth of Polehoufe at Widdows in the fame Pariih ^ who, after he had given him an Education in the Rudiments of Learning, fent him to Oxford to perfeft his Studies there, and placed him either in Lincoln or Oriel College \ for both thefe Societies claim the Honour of him. Some fay, that he was Rvftof Lincoh^ and then of Oriel -^ which may not be improbable, if we would argue from his Benefaftion given to this laft College, and from lome old Burfar''s Accounts of Lincoln College, wherein William Smyth is found a Commoner in the Year 1 4.78. But the Plague raging much in Oxford, he v/ith many other Scholars went to Camhridtrc^Rud was there firft made Head of Pern- broke-Hall^ and then Mafter of the fame. Not long after this he became Arch-Deacon of Sur- rey, -!md paffing thro* many Fund ions in the Church, he was in the Year 1492, created Bi- fhop of Litchfield and Co'vevtry ^ and at Litchfield he founded an Hofpita! for a Mafter, two Prefl byter Chaplains, and ten poor Men ^ befides whidh, he founded here a publick Grammar- School, on which King Henry the '-jth fettled the Revenues of the Hofpital of Denhall at Wyrehall in Chefloire, together with the Profits of the Impropriate Church of ^z^^f(3« for ever. After he had been three whole Years in this See, he was tranllated fix)m hence to the Dio- cels of Lincoln, and being in the King's good GniceSo Ch,i. (f the ITmver/ity of Oxford, ^~- Graces, was made one of Prince of Arthur^s Council, and Prefident o^ Wales ^ and about the fame time he was chofen Chancellor of this U- niverfity, which Office he refign'd two Years afterwards \ and finding himfelf grow heavy with Age, he began to confider how he iliould difpole of his Wealth ; and to this end con- iiilted his Kinfman Rich. Sutton, of the Pariih of Presbury in Chejhire, Efq; And it was agreed between them to lay their Stocks together, and ereft Ibme publick Building at Oxford, which might be an Ornament to their Mother the Univerfity, and likewife a Perpetuation of their own Names to fucceeding Ages. Whereupon they then obtain'd of the Mafter and Fellows of Vniverfty-College, two Halls antiently dedicated to Learning,and fituateontheWeft iideo^SchooU fireety called Brazen-nofe and Little Vniverfity- Hiill'^ which were demis'd on a covenanted year- ly Rent of 3 /. to be paid to the faid College : And hereupon Sutton and others, to whom the(e Houfes were then let, ftipulated to pay for the Mafter and laid Fellows the ufual Sum of twelve Shillings, paid to the Church-wardens of St. Maryh Parifh, on account of thele Tenements •, and were alio to fee, that one Year after the Date of this Demife, forty Pounds fhould be expended on the Repair of the old, and ereft- ing new Buildings- After this, certain Halls, called St. Mary and Salisbury- Hall, were demis'd to the faid Smyth and5«rr«7»on the '^th of February, 1509. by the Scholars of Oriel College, together with fmall Garden-plots lying between Brazen-nofe Hall on the North, and Little Edmund Hall on the South : And by this Grant the Fellows thought to make Ibme Compenlation for Smyth^s Bene- volence to them j the Priory of St. Fridefwidt jng The Antient ani Trefent State Part II, at his Inftance remitting the yearly Rent of 1 3 Shillings and 4 Pence unto them for Land ly^ ing oppofite to the College. On the Purchala of thefe Tenements, and the refitting and en- larging of Braz-en^nofe Hall, King Henry the J. D. 1511. M, on the 25?^ of Januaryy in the sd Year of his Reign, iffued out Letters Patents at the Re- queft of the Founders, whereby he impower'd them and their Executors or Affigns, to erefl; and eftabliili a College at Oxford in the Place of BraTLcn-nofe Hall, for a Principal and fixty Scholars, to receive an Education in Philofophy and Divinity here ^ and by this Charter they were ftyled by the Name of the Principal and Scholars of Kings Hall and Braz^en-nofe College in Oxford, with an Authority for the Founders to purchafe and convey Lands, Tenements, &c. of the yearly Value of 300 Pounds, exclufive of all Taxes and Reprifals. 5 H. 8. The next Year after this Grant was made, the faid Smyth purchas'd the whole Eftate be- longing to the Priory of Coldnorton in Oxford- fhire, with all its Appurtenances, of Tho. Hobhy^ Dean of St. Stephens Chappel, Wejlminfter 5 which Priory efcheated to the Defeat of a Prior and Convent, and was thereupon bought of his Majefty by the Dean and Canons of Wefiminfier, Nor was Sutton^s Munificence much inferior to Smythh ; who, after the Building of the Col-r lege was finiih'd, which this Biihop's Death re? — — iS2i'tarded tor fome time, on the \ ^th of February fent the Principal and Fellows a Body of Sta- tutes under his own Seal, before made and a- greed on by Smyth and himfelf. From which Statutes it appears, that the Co- Founders fettled herein a Principal and 1 2 Fellows for the Study ofDivinity and Philofophy, all to be Natives within the piocel§ of ^.itchfield and Coventry j ' with Ch. I .^ (fthe Univerfity of Oxfor d.^ '^ ^ with this further Precept, that if there were any born in Lancajhire or Chefhirey (then within the aforefaid Diocefs) eipecially in the Pariihes of Trefcote and Presbury, they fhould have the Preference in refped of all others, if they were found qualify'd in Morals and Learning : and if no one appear'd fit in the aforefaid Diocels, then their Election was to be out of the Diocels of Lincoln ; and if proper Peribns were wanting in each of thefe Diocefles, they might chufe a fit Perfbn at large from any College or Hall in the Univerfity of Oxford. Sutton increas'd the Number of twelve Fel- lows firft inftituted, by at length adding three Priefts hereunto for the 'yearly Celebration of folemn Mafs, and a Dirge for the Reft of his Soul after his Deceafe, and on this account eve- ry Year allowed unto each of them the Sum of five Marks : And moreover allocated the Sum of 1 3 Shillings and 4 Pence for the Augmenta- tion of the Students Commons \ and befides this, to 25 Priefts then prefent at thele Solem- nities, the Sum of 5 Pence each : But thefe Penfions were after adjudged to be paid, as they are at prefent, to, his three Fellows, at the Time of the Reformation of Religion, on the account of their fuperftitious Ends. And now I come to treat of fuch Perfons, who have been any ways Benefactors to this So- ciety iince the Founder's Days : And the firft we meet with was John William/on j Minifter of St. ^eorge^s Church at Canterbury, who at the Time ot his Death gave 200 Pounds for the '^- 0- iJ^f. buying of Lands, to fupport or maintain two Fellews or Scholars on the Profits thereof, born in the City or Palatinate of Chefier, who were to be either of his own Blood or Name, or of the Blood and Name oSJohn Tort^ Serjeant at Law, John ♦J So The Antlent andTrefent State Part II. A.D. 1528. JohnEltony ^M^ls Baker, Canonof the Church of Sarum, alfo gave unto this Society certain Lands in Oxfardjhlre and Glc efterflnre, as a Sub- fiftence for o^e Fellow to be chofen out of the Diocels oi' HerefoiikiOjiye or iVorcefierjhire, of hig Confanguinity ^ and in defe£t of fuch therein, out of the Diocefs of Sarum ; and if no fit Perlbn be found therein, then any Scholar or Student in Oxford may be elefted. William Porter, Clerk, at the time ofliis De- ceafe left it in chari:;e to the Executors of his Will, to purchafe fome other Lands for the better Maintenance of one other Fellow born in the Diocefs of Hereford, and in defect of fuch fit Perlbn, to be chofen out of the Places lying between Oxford and the faid Precinft : And for the Performance of this Truft, a Deed was made between Porter^s Executors on the one part, the Principal and Scholars of this College on the lecond part, and the Warden and Scho- lars of IVem College on the third part ; whereby it is covenanted among the aforefaid Parties, that on the Ath of November the Principal and Scholars aforefaid ihou'd celebrate a yearly O- hlt, and that the Warden of New College ihould be hereunto invited by them, and after the So- iemniries of the Mais he ihould offer one Pen* ny, on which account he was afterwards to re- ceive twenty Pence ; and laflly, that the faid Principal and Scholars ihould every %th Day of this Month have the Sum of 1 3 Shillings and 4 Pence divided among the Members then pre-r fent. Edward Darbey, Arch-Deacon of Stow in Lin- colnjhire, gave 1 20 Pounds for the Purchafe of an Annuity of fix Pounds ^er Annum, for the Maintenance and Education of one Fellow, to be chofen out of the faid Arch-Deaconry, and QU Ch. I. of the TJniverfity of Oxford. 581 on defed of a Perfon duly qualify'd therein, then to be elected out of Leicefierjhire • and for for want of fuch in this County, then out of ^l\[orthamj)tonjlnre ^ and if none appear qualify'd herein, then he decreed the EleAion out of 0;c- fordfhire-^ and on the 19th of March he con-^"^* *^^^' firm'd this Gift to the College. William Clifton, Sub-Dean of the Church of Torli^ on the 3^ of OBoher the fame Year gave certain Lands in Torkfljire and ^locefterJJnre, for the Support of one Graduate Fellow in Prielts Orders, to be alternately chofen out of Tprk^ Jhire and Lincolnjliire ^ and for want of a fit Per- fon herein, then out of Nottinghamjlnre. And Brian Higden^ Dean of this Church, dy- ing June the '^th, gave a certain Sum of Money 31 ^. 8. for the buying of an Eflate, in order to the Maintenance of one Fellow to be alternately chofen out of Torkjlnre and Lincolnjldire, as ap- pears by a Deed tripartite of the ^d of September in the Year 1 54^. ratifying this Gift to the So- ciety, Jocofa FranlUnd Widow, and Daughter of Robert Trapps, Goldfmith and Citizen of Lon- don, by her lafl Will gave feveral Lands and ^ ^ Tenements, for the Increafe of the Principal's Commons, and the Fellows Stipends, and for the Maintenance of one Fellow, who corn- pleated the Number Twenty, and might be e- leded out of any Englijlj County, a Regard be- ing had to her Kindred and Ccnfanguinity herein. She fo far excelled all other Benefad:ors. to this College, that fhe is daily remember'd \\\ their Grace after Meals, and was bury'd in St. Leonard''^ Church in Forjier-lane, London, under a beautiful Monument ere^led at the College Expellee. Hither-- ^S 2 The Antient and Prefect State Part II. Hitherto of Benefaftors to Fellowfhips ^ I come next to fuch as have endow'd the Scholars with Penfions, Exhibitions, &c. And firft John. CUymortd, Prefident o^Corpm Chrifli College^ gave 480 /. for the purchafmg of Lands for the Edu- cation bf fix Scholars, to receive four Marks each of them out of the yearly Revenues there- of j which Scholars he appointed x^ be chofen oiit of certain Villages m certain Counties, as firft out of Frampton near SoJlo?7 in Ltncolnjhtrey the Place of his Birth, or at leaft out of that County *, idly, out of Moreton or Stewkton, near the River Teys in Durham, the Place ^here his Vicarage lay, or at leaft out of the faid County j Sdly, out o? Overton, Havant, or Mottesfont in Hampjhire, where be was fucceffively Re£lor of thefe Parishes, or at leaft out of that County ; ^thiy, out of Bengare near Wells in Somerfetjhire^ where he enjoy'd a Prebend, or Mongtm near Taunton, where he was formerly the Re^or of the Place, or at leaft out of the fame County ; %thly, out of BiJl}ops-Clyve in Gloceficrjhire, where he was polTefled of the Reftory to the Time of his Death, or at leaft out of the faid County 5 6thly^ out of the City of Oxford, or at leaft the County of this Name, &c. This Benefaction .A I>. I $86. ^^ g^^'^ t^^^ ^^^^ ^^ J^ne, and the Scholars main- tained thereon are called Claymondh Scholars. Humphrey Ogle of Salford in Oxfordjhire gave 100 /. for the buying of Lands in fome Place, for the Maintenance of two Scholars out of the Yearly Rents thereof, to be eleded out of Pre f- cote in Lancajljire. Ajid John Lord Mordant gave Money for the purchafmg Lands for the Sup- " port of three Scholars, each of them receiving from hence four Pounds per Annum *, which Scholars he would have to be in the Nomina- tion of his Heirs, and to be ftiled Lord Mor- dant*% Scholars. AUx' Ch. I . of the Univerfity of Oxford. ^ J> Alexander Nowelly Dean of St. Paul\ London] affign'd Stipends for fix Years to 1 3 poor Scho- 13 £//j. lars, viz,, to each of them a Penfion of 3/. 6 s. M. per Ann. commanding them to be chofen of the Free School at Middleton m Lancashire ^ found- ed by him, and in defeft of fit Perfbns there, then out of the Schools of WhalUy and Bumiey in this County 5 and for want of fuch in thefe Schools, then out of any other Schools in this County. Thefe Scholars were to be thirteen Years of Age at their Entrance into the College, T^well died the 1 ^th of February y and has a fo- lemn Commemoration obferv'd for him by the Society on the faid Day. Jocofa Frankland ahove-mention'd moreover gave Stipends or Exhibitions to four Scholars, affigning them an Allocation of fifteen Pence per Week, with an Addition of five Pence in the Chriftmasy Eafier, and Whit fun Week, for Increafe of Commons ; when Stipends are found given to a Bible-Clerk and a Logick-Reader, viz,, to the laft four Marks, and to the firft three Marks fer Annum. And George Palin, a Citizen of London, gave Exhibitions to four ^- ^. i^op* Scholars, viz,, four Pounds per Annum to each of them, and would have them chofen out of • his own Country, Chejhire. James Sinks, alias Stoddard, of London, gave -— - i^o/* an Annuity of Ten Pounds, payable out of an old Holpital in London, lituated in the Jervry^ for the Maintenance of two Scholars, the one here, and the other of Queens College in Cam- ■hridge, to be equally divided between them. Sam. Raddife, S.T.P.-devifed Lands at Ha- -«— 1^48' warden in the County of Bedford, to the yearly Value of Forty Pounds, for the Maintenance of two Scholars, and to the Ule of the Principal, Fellows, G^c•. o'i Braz.en-nofe College. And John Mil' 384 Tbe AnHe?it a?idTrefent State Partly ^JMilward, of Haverford-Wefi in Pembrokejhire, A. D, i6j4. gave an Eftate of 8 /. 13 s. and 4 d. per Annum^ for the. Maintenance of one Scholar at this Col- Jege, being Student himielf John Cartwrighty of tAynoe inT^orthatTjptoti" Jhire, gave an Annuity of Ten Pounds, payable out of an Eftate in the Parifh of Bloxham in Ox- fordjhire, to the Ufe of this Society, for the Subfiftence of two Scholars born in Chejhire^ IVorthamptonJhire, and Oxfordjln're ; and efpeci- ally to be chofen from the pubiick Grammar- School found by him at Aynoe aforefaid 5 or from the Parifhes of Bndworth or Wrenbury in Chcjlnre : He had the Power of naming thefe during his Life, and then it was to devolve to his Heirs. And thus far of fuch as have aug- mented the Number of Scholars, or given any yearly Exhibitions hereunto. It is ti'ue there were other Benefaftors, whole Munificence has been imploy'd to otlier Ufes : Such as Sir John Port, of Etwallm Dorfetjhire^ 1560. Knt. who bequeathed 200 Pound to this HoulCj for the founding of two pubiick Le£lures, to be read in the Common Hall by two Learned Gownfmen, the one in Philofophy and the o- ther in Humanity, aUigning four Pounds a Year to each. And 'J^ch. Harper of Swarkfl on in Der-^ byflnre, one of the juftices of the Common Pleas, founded a Lefture in the Greek Language, and - >— 1572. endow'd the fame with an annual Stipend of four Pounds iffuable out of certain Lands in the- faid County. And John Barncftcn, S.T.P. fome-^ time Fellow of this College, and then Preben* dary of Sarum, inltituted a Lefture in the Hc' *- — 1628. brew Toneue, and fettled thereon a yearly Sti- pend of fix Pounds, payable out of certain Pol^ felfions of his at London, in a Street called the Strand* This Cli. I. cf theUniverfity of Oyi^oviD, 3S5 This College is fituated partly in St. l€W'ColUoe fhall adjuft the famCj. Christ- ^o8 The Antient and Frejejtt State Part ir^ Christ-Church-College, THomM Woolfey, titular Cardinal of SanBa Cacilia, and Archbiihop of lork, being highly advanced in Honours, and ftored with Riches beyond any Subject of his Time in Chri- ftendom, (among many other vaft Defigns con*, ceiv'd in his Mind) apply'd his firft Thoughts towards the Building and Founding of two Col- leges, the one at Ipfwich, the Place of his Na* tivity, and the other at Oxford, where he re- ceived the better Part of his Education in a Fel- low/hip of ^ • J. D. i54<5. The next Year, on ']>(ov. 4* the King emiti: ted other Letters Patents, v^hereby he tranfta-- ted the EpiTcdpal See from Ofi/cy to this Society^ making the Church thereof a Cathedral, by the Kame"(according to its Charter of Foundation) ofEtclejfia Chrifil'Catbcdr all's Ox on. ex fun dat tone Rtgis Henrici oflavl, and by thefe Letters Pa- tents he appointed and fettled therein a Bifhop, Dean, and eight Canons, making Rob. King the firft and laft Biihop of Ofney, the firft Bifhop of this Church •, and gave unto Rich. Cox the Dean, and Will. Haines S.T.B. Will.TreJham S. T. P, Tho. Day L. L. B. u4lex. Belfire A. M. J.'Dyai^ A. M. J. Curthofpe A. M. • Tho. Bernard A. Mi and Rob. Banks, Canons, and their Succeflbrs for ever, the whole Ground of the late College^ together with all the Edifices, &c. within tbcf aforefaid Scite ^ and to thefe he added PecH i64ter-/nny with thfe Land on the Weft fide of PeckwaterQu'a.dr's.n^le towards Fifi-fireet, toge- ther #ith Canterbury College, and all its Build-^ ings, and a fmall .Portion of Gi'ound adjoining to this College, and belonging to OmZ-College,; three Rods in Gompafs : Laftly, he gave here-* linto befides two Manfion Hdufes, the one cal:^ led St. £^tr^r^'s-Hall near the Weft fide ofPeck-: ip<«f-^r Quadrangle, andtheother being an Alms-' Sfoufe in Aldatc^s Pariih. Note, Pechvater'* Inn wAs once kilowli hy the Name oi Fine- Hall.' i All thefe things K. Henry VIW. gave to his new-fbunded College, belides Lands and TTener ments difpers'dup' and down in Oxford, and pari^ ticularly half thp. Grove beloingirtg to Durham>^ College, which the Founder of St. John Bapfifi's: College afcerwards'.purchafed. Hereunto hav« been iince added, feveral EftateS, conlifting in Lands, ell. I. of the Univerjity of 0:i?oyiD, . 40$ Lands, Tenements, Tithes, Penfions, &c, ly- ing in divers Parts o^ England, and valued at j^- bout 2000 /. fer Ann. which the King granted to the Dean and Canons, for the perpetual Maintenance of eight Petty Canons^ each of them to receive i o /. fer arm. one Evangellz,aj- tor with a yearly Penfion of 8 /. one PojHUator with a Stipend of <5 /. 1 3 /. 4 ^, eight Clerics allow'd to each of them for their Stipend <5/. 1 3 J. 4 ^. to the Mafter of the Chorifters 13/. 6 s, 8 ^. per ann. one Organift v/ith an annual Stipend of 10/. eight Chorifters, albw'd each for his Stipend 6 1. 13/. 4 ^. The publick Pfofeflbrs in the Univerfity of Oxford, viz,, in Dlv'mlty, Greek, Hebrew, to. receive from hence each of them yearly the Stipend of 40 /. Sixty Students or Scholars do likevvife receive from this Charity the Sum of eight Pounds for each of their Stipends. The Schoolmafter 20 /. The Uiher i o /. Forty younger Students in ludo lipjerfirio to be inftruO:ed in grammar Learning, yfhich is lince alter'd; for that thefe laft are now Students in the Univerfity (according to fome Writers of the beft Credit) Queen EUz^a-A, D, i^^j. heth having confign'd over the Stipends of thele ^rammar-Sch.o\?irs, about the Beginning of her Reign, for the Maintenance of 40 Students to be chofen outof that Seminary of Learning caird Wcfimiufier-SchooX, of her Father's Foundation. Moreover, the laid Dean and Canons are enjoin- ed to pay 6 /. per Ann. to each of the 24 Scho- lars of the King and his Succellbrs Nomination. The whole Number ,of Students by Q_.Eliz.a' beth's Alteration to be juft an Hundred. The yearly Election for thefe at Wefiminfier is on the 25th of April. John Chaloner S.T.P. formerly of this Houle, - —1620. by his laft Will and Teftament of June 20. be- D d 3 queath'd 4o6 The Anttent ondTrefent State Part IIJ queath'd an Annuity of 20 /. which he ordered to be paid either to Ibme Lecturer in Divinity of the fame Society, or to poor Scholars to be taken from Amfrfden in Buckingham^ire ^ Goldcf" hurgh or Knaresburgh in Torijhire^ after the DCf ceafe of him and his Wife. J.D.\66i, ^^^" Bofiocie of New Wind for in Serljhire^ gave imto this College certain Tenements, ii- tuate therein in Peafcod-fireet ^ the Rents of which Houfes are every Year, on the 8th of December^ to be divided between four poor Students by the Dean and Canons, with an ef^ pecial Regard to be firft had in this Dividend, to the Bene faftor's Kindred, if there be any luch in the College : And this Legacy was to come to the Society after the Death of Edith, Relift O^ William BoJj^oQle, Thomas White '^ Citizen of London y by his laft Will arid Teftament devised an Annuity of 8 /. for the Maintenance of certain poor Scholars in the Univerfity, one Moiety of which Sum he gave to a Student of this Houfe, and the other to a Student of 7r;>wVy-College in Cambridge, and for'the t'ayment of this Annuity, he charged certain Houfe" in ShoeAane^ London. Charles Brr-nton'^ a Student of this College, conveyed cvor inTruft the perpetual Advowlbn of Staumc-; fuper Vagam^ on Condition that they prefent unto the fame, upon any Vacancy there- of, or.^' of the one and twenty" Senior Students to be nominated by the Suffrage of the reft of the Students. • ^^^V William TiurFlron of London, by his laft Will gave the Sum of 800 /. to Kings-College ^ at Ox- ford, for the Education of one Scholar therein ; which Sum of Money was at length adjudg'd to this College, after a Conteft at Law about thiq Matter with On>/-Col]ege, ( which likewiie boaft^ Ch. I, of the Univerfitjicf O^FOKu, 407 boafted to be a Royal Foundation^ and Brazen- Nofe College ; whereupon another Scholar was added to the Number of an Hundred Students in this College. 'SJch. Gardiner, S. T. P. and a Canon of this A. D. i<55j. Collegiate Houfe, gave certain Eftates lying at Boreton, on the Water in Gloiicefterjlnte, of the yearly Value of 14/. for the Maintenance of two Scholars or Servitors to be named by the Dean and Chapter unto this Charity. Rich, Busby S. T. P. formerly a Student of thi« Houfe,and afterwards chief Mafter o^Weft- 9ninfier-Schoo\, and Prebendary of the Church QfiVefiminH-er, founded two Lectures here, the one for the Oriental Languages, and the other for the Mathematicks, which he endow'd with honourable Stipends , and moreover gave 1 00/. for the adorning the Common-Room or Con- clave, where thefe Leftures were to be read^ which Room was then given to the publick Ufe of the Mafters of this College. This was the ^me Busby, who being in his Life time cholen Vijitor of Batioi College, at the Time of his Death founded a Catechetick Le£lure in Baliol' College, and endowed the fame with a Stipend of 20 /. per ann. I take Notice of this f though improperly here) becaufe it was omitted by me among the Benefactors to that College. As to the Buildings of this College, it has been laid, that the Cardinal left the fame unfi- niih'd, and to be perfefted by the Benevolence of the fucceeding Age : He railed indeed the Eaft and South fide of the la rgeft Quadrangle (except the Stair-cafe leading to the Common Hall; and the greateft Part of the VVeftern fide thereof: On the North -fide he defignM to have built a large.Chappel, but was not fb happy as ;o. fee the fame accompliih'd, living only tobe- D d 4 hold 4o8 *The Antlent and Trefent State Pai't ll. hold the Foundation thereof laid. It wasalfo his Purpofe to have made a fine C loy ft er round this large Quadrangle •, but he falling into Dif- grace, foon after he had projected this Scheme of Building, no Addition, was made thereunto for almoft an hundred Years. In the Year 1638) the Lodgings of two of the Canons, (call'dthe firft and eighth Prebend) on the North fide of the Court, began to be enlarged, yet the fame were not then finiih'd by reafon of the Civil Wars foon breaking out, but only the Shells or Out-walls thereof raifed from the Ground. An^ tho' CromwelFs Party had made ufe of the Tim- ber for Fuel, yet on the Reftoration of King Charles II. this Quadrangle ( call'd Woolfefs Quadrangle) met with many Benefactors, and was finifh'd as you now fee it in the Year 1655. After this, to reprefent this Court and the Buildings thereof more beautiful and magnifi^ cent, the fame was funk about four Feet in Depth oC Earth, and the remaining Part there- of being wall'd up with Stone now makes a ve- ry fpacious and pleafant Walk for the Scholars round about it. And in the Year 1 669, in the middle of this Square was ere£ted a very large Bafon for the Fountain Ipouting Water through the Statue 0? Mercury thereinto. . The Buildings on the South-Eaft of this large Court are called the Chaplains Quadrangle^ which have been burnt twice, and as often rebuilt by the College ^ being the Buildings which Henry VIII. repair'd and gave to the College, with fome Houfes and Stables now belonging to the Dean and Canons. T^c^ip^af ^r-Quadrangle is a- nother Pile of Building of this College, on the North-Eaft fide of the great Court, fo call'd from an ancient Inn or Hoftel fituate South- Weft therepf: This Inny in -the 30th of King Henry ,Cb.i^ ^theUfdverfity ofOyifOKT). 409 Henry III. by the Gift o^ Falph the Son of liich, Feckwether^ delireiided to the Priory of Sr. Fri- defwide •, but this Court had heretofore another Name, which it received frpm Vinc^Hall^ which was adjacent hereunto, and in the midft oi fJtn, Vlll'skeign, was added to the lame by tWs King", the Founder of our College ^ which was increas'd with a new Addition of Buildings in the Deanlhips of Dr. Da;?p^ and Dr. Samuel Fell^ but notwithftanding, in tlie Deanihip of Dr. Henry Aldrich, this whole Quadrangle, or at ieaft three fides thereof were pulled down and rebuilt, in a very ftately and elegant 'manner, at the Expence and Coft of fundry Benefaftors, fuch as Dr. Radcliffe, Sir Edward Hanncs Knt. and Dr. of Phyfick, the Honourable the Lord Charles Somcrfet Brother to the prefent Duke of Beaufort y and many others, too numerous here to relate. The Church now belonging to this College is a Part of the Church heretofore belong- ing to the Priory of St. Fridefwide^ without the Eaft fide of the great Quadrangle, well e- nough fituated in Confideration of the Plain- nefs of the Edifice : But the publick Hall on the South lide of this Quadrangle makes fufficient amends for the Rudenefs of the other, it being one of the largeft Rooms in England, with a magnificent Stair-cafe afcending to it, erefted in the Year \6^o. This College being a Royal Foundation is on- ly vilited by the King or Queen on the Throne, in Perlbn, or by their Commiffion under the Great Seal of (jreat Britain ^ King Henry VIII. on his new Inftitution thereof having left or ap- pointed no fpecial Vilitor by any Statutes ; and therefore the Crown as Heir is Vifitor, which fome have deemed a Happinels. Trinity- 416 The AHtleni andTyefent State Part II. Trinity-College. A Mong many other Religious Houfes dlflbt-r _ ved by K. Henry VIII. Durham-CoWege was one, being a Seminary in the Univerfity oiOxfordy for the Education of the Monks of the Cathedral Church at Durham. This Houfa after its DiiTolutionjWas by Letters Patents bear- A "P* i5Si» ing Date the 14th oi February, in the 7th Yeaf oi Edward VI's Reign, together with all its Apr purtenances, .contained within the Scite and Li- mits thereof, demiled unto George Owen of God-^ fiow in the County of Oxford^ Elq; the King^ Phyfician, and to William Martyn Gentleman % the King only referving to himfelf, his HeirS and Succellbrs^ an Annuity of i /. 6 u 2 d. for ever out of it ; which Perfons, by Deed of I^- ^enture, or Inflrument in Writing, dated the :iOtfi of February y m the firft and lecond Year »— .-.IJ54. ofPib/7. & tylfary, convey 'd and affign'd over unto Sir Thomas PopCy o^Tettenhamin Hertford-; Jhire Knt. all the faid College by the Name of a Meflliage ; who, as loon as he had pofleC- fed himielf of it, and the aforefaid Annuity was remitted to him and his future College, re- folv'd to convert the fame to the Ufe of Learn- ing, and to this End obtain'd a Royal Charter- dated the 8th of March, the fame Year, autho- rifing him to ereft and found a College confifting qf one Prefident in Prieil's Orders, twelve Fel- lows, (four of which to be in the lame Orders) and eight Scholars ; and was alio impower'd to endow them and their Succelfors with any Lands cr Ppfleilions within the Villages of IVroxton, Sal/cot, Holcombj &c. in the County o^0xfor4^ and in other Places, which for Brevity-lake I omiti Ch. I.' (fthe Vniveffity o/Oxforb." 411 mit \ and according to the Form of this Char- ter or Royal Licenfe on the 1 8th of March ^ he ^ -P- 1$ JJ.' founded and eftabliihed this College • and con- firmed all this his feid MeiTuage to the Prefi- dent and Fellows, whole Karnes are taken out of the Charter of Foundation, and placed elfewhere. The Founder referyed a Pow- * er unto himfelf and Heirs, of chufing this Prefident, Fellows, and Scholars, until liicJi iTime as the Number appointed by the Royal Charter fhould be filPd up : And moreover had Leave granted him of founding a publick School at Hookmrton^ or elfewhere, to the Honour of JefusChrifiy and of affigning Stipends to the Mafler and Uiher thereof^ and 'tis thought he delign'd this School as a Seminary for his Col- lege ^ which School he never liv'd to finiih, and (fbme fayj he never began it ; yet there is a Record of the firfl: of ^pnV, afferting, that he founded a School at pedington in OxfordJJure, and called it Jefus School. After this Inftitution of a Prefident, Fellows and Scholars, he furnifh'd his College with all KecefTaries, by building, ift^ a Library, to which he gave 93 Vol. and among them fomi Manufcripts ; then he adorn'd the Hall, Kitch- en and Buttery with proper Implements and Furniture, erecting a Chappel over thefe in the Year 1 557. and the fame Year gave many Pre- fents, beiides the Legacies- he bequcath'd by his iaft Will and Teflament, at the Time of his Deceafe : All which thing? were faithfully con- fign'd over to the College by Hugh Paxvlet, and his Wife the Lady Elizabeth^ Executrix of the Founder's Will, who had fcrap'd together all thefe Riches from the Spoils o^lVroxton Con- vent, and other fupprefs'd Religious Houfes. After 412 The Antie7tt andTrefent State Part II. After this, in Care of the Goyernnient of his College, he began to confider of proper- Statutes for the Ule thereof, which are da- ted at Tattenhanger the firft of May^ ISS^* wherein 'tis aifirmed, that he founded this Society for the Propagation of Chriftiani- • ty, and for the Subfiftence of poor and in- digent Scholars in the Univerfity, twenty in Number, to be yearly elected on any Vacan- cy ^ twelve of thefe he ftiles Fellows, to be e- ducated in the Studiesof Philofophy and Divinity, calling the other eight Scholars, whom he would have to be inftrufted in Logick, Rhetoricky &c. and all thefe to be chofen out of the Counties and Dioceffes wherein the College has Ecclefia- Itical Livings, or Lay Eftates, efpecially fuch as iliall be born in the Mannors hereafter na- med, or whofe Parents ihall be, hihabitants thereof, viz., Bradwelly Filkim, Brouahton, Coggs^ Wilcoty T^nhley, Eafion, Dunthorp, Seamell, Hooknorton, Svoerford, Wigginton, ^rdley, Tadr martort, Woollafion and (iJHarch, Baldington in Oxfordshire, Little Compton, and Dumhleton in ^loitceflerjlnre^ ShottefwelldcnA. Light ftvell in War- wickjhire ^ jirlejion, Hilton, Eggington, Swind- fen, Barrow, Steinfon, Normanton and Jijhe in Derhyjlnre, Knotting in Bedford^iire, Tattenhanger and Ridge in Hertfordjhire, and Ditton in Kent. In each of thefe Villages and Towns the Foun- der had then Eftates -, and if no one appear 'd duly qualified in Relped of Learning and Mo- rals from thefe Places, on the ftated Day of E- leftion, viz^. on Trinity-Monday, then the Prefi- dent and Fellows might chufe from any other Parts Perfons born within the Realm of Eng' land, or any of the circumjacent Iflands, but they cannot chufe more than two out of any County. Ch. I. of the Univerflty of Oxford^ 41 j County befides Oxfordjlnre, from whence five might be ele^d. :; .On the 30th' of -^^^ the fame Year, the Foun- der confirm'd the Kumber of his Fellows and Scholars now compleat in Number^ accordiiig to Form of Law ; and on the 1 oth of September the following Year he conveyed unto them othe r Lands in Oxfordjlnre, as a Provifion for them in Point of Fuel, Malt, Wheat, and for more fb- lemn Feafting Days called Garvdiesy a gmidiis ; from which Eftate he order'd a Maintenance for four other poor Scholars, who were to be on the fame Bottom with the former eight Scho- lars, and enjoy the like Privileges in every Re- lpe(^ ^ and to thele he allow'd Commons to the Value of 2/. lis. per Artn.-^nd \ I. 13 j. for their yearly Stipend : And out of thefe Lands he ailign'd 20 s. per Ann. to one of the Fellows or Scholars to' play upon the Organs in the Chap- — * pel, and to a Barber 35. 4 <5^. as an additional Pay to his Wages of 10 9* per Ann, AixiAthbs much may fulfice touching the FoundatiojtfiOf this Society, with this Addition only, thutthe Founder appointed two other poor Scholats,the one to perform the Office of a Porter, and the o- ther that of a Butler, yearly affigning to them out of an Eftate at Dunthorpmd Scawell ^is. for Commons, and 40 j. fo;' their Stipends each ; and by this Deed the Prefident and Fellows were bound to pay id Marks to the School-Mafter, and 8 to she XJiher o^ Dedmgt on -School-^ but- this Benefaftion has been fince dropt, and came to nothing. Benefa^ors who have beftowed Exhibitions,* &c. to this College, fince its Foundation, aip as follow, viz,. Rtch. Blount of London Riq-^ )py Will bequeath'd.ioo /. towarcjs the Mapnte- iiance of one Scholar, according to the La^^ anii " Institution '414 ^^ JntieHf and Vrefent Stat^ Part II. Inftitution of this Society ^ with which Money was purchafed the Reftory of l^dge in Hert^ fordjhire, and confirmed to the College in the ild Year of Q; Elizabeth's Reign. Katharine Confiablc, the Widow of Sir Johfi ConfiabUy of Kirkly-Knole in Torkjhire, Knt. by J. D. ijpo. her Will the 4th of ^«^«/?, devifed an Exhibi- tion of I o /. per Ann. for the Education of one Scholar in this College, to be chofen from th^ publick School of Huljhant in this County ; ^d for the Payment hereof has charged the Tithed of the Parifh or Village ofButhershy herein. John Whetfton of Rodden in Dorfetjhire, Mer- chant, at the Requeft of Ralph Ironfide Father of Gilbert Ironfide Bifhop of Briftot, gave 560 /. for the Maintenance of poor Scholars, which was got out of the Hands of the Executor about fix Years after with great Difficulty, and then * — i6i4» lodg'd in the Hands of Bifhop Andrews • with which Money the College bought an Eflate at Oakley in Buckinghamjhire^ adding jthereunto 5/. only. Edward Bathurfl^.T.V. and ReO:or of d?f- fing-Warden in Northampton ^ a Perfbn of exem- ^— 1^67. plary Life and Learning, devifed certain Lands in Thorpe-Mandeville in this County, to the year- ly Value of 24 /. to this College, where he had his Education j which by his Will he order'd to be laid out in charitable Ufes therein mentio- ned after the Death of his Sifter Judith ^ ere- fting the Founder's Statue of Stone to^vards the Common Hall at his own Expence, anno i (J5^. And now whilft 1 am on the Benefaction of the Bathurfis, it will not be unleafonable to remem- ber that neat and elegant Pile of Building, wi. this College Chappel wainfcotted with Cedar,and adorn'd with fine Paintings and other exquifite Worl*manfliip by the beltHands ^ which Ghap*- pel Ch. V. of the Umverfity of OxfordV ^ t j pel vvas almoft erefted at the piroper Cofts of* Ralph Bathurfl, M. D. and late Prefident of this College, whereunto he contributed 1 900 /. be- iides the Money expended on making the Prefi- dent's Lodgings more handibm and convenient. This Man, as he had a happy Genius difpibs'd to all Parts of Learning, fo was he reputed the po- liteft Perfon of his Time in the whole Univer- fity, who had the Satisfaction to live and lee (as he was pleafed to exprefs himfelQ the greateft Man in the whole Commonwealth of Letters ('meaning my Lord Somers) rifen to the Height of Power, Honour, and Riches, from being a Commoner in Trinity College. Nor whilft I remember this worthy Prefident,' ought I to forget a Benefaftion of Tho. Rowney of Oxford Elq^ giving the Sum of 1000/. to trinity, Bxeter^ and Jf/wj-College in Oxon. for the Purchafing of Advowfons ^ wherewith Tri^ nity-Co\\Q^Q making up their Dividend or Share thereof with their own Money, purchased the Reftory of l^therfield-Grays in Oxfordjljire. The Buildings of' this College, which had now changed its Name from Durham to Trinity-CoU lege, were at the Time of the new Foundation in a very ruinous and defblate Condition, but being repaired by Sir Thomas Pope, we^e inhabi- ted by his Society without much Ornament a- bout them ; and fo they continued till Dr. Ralph Kettle (who built KettU'Hall for the Reception of Commoners to this College) about the Begm- ning of King James I's Reign, erefted Garrets round the Court. In the Prefidentihip of Dr. Sathurfi a fine Strufture of Building was raifed by the Contributions of Archbilhop Sheldon, and other Bifhops and Gentlemen once of thisio^th of the fam6 Month and Year ; for a Demife of which Mef- fuage, befides an Annuity of 20 s. ftipulating for himfelf and his Heirs, that the fiffl Pr^fi^ dent of his Foundation fliould be elefted out o"f the Canons or Students of Chrift-Church afore-^ laid, and for ever after, upon any Vacancy 6i the Prefidentfhip, either by Death, Refigni- tion, or otherwife, if the Fellows of his Col- lege could not agree upon a fit Perforl aitforig themfelves for this Office, then they IKould b*6 obliged to chufe a Succeflbr from this College ; who, from' whence Ibever chofen, was to be ad- mitted within feven Days by the Dean and Chapter afo'refaid, or in the Deans Abfence by the Chapter alone; and in the Abfence of th^ Dean and Chapter, then by the Chancellor of the Univerfity, ot his Vice-gerent. But th* faid Dean and Chapter claiming for them stnd their Succeflbrs to become perpetual Vifitors of this Society, and that all Appeals and Interp're- tations of Statutes, Ct-c Ihould be referred to them, the Founder not confenting hereunto, rather chofe to feek out for a new Scire to e- re^l his College on, than to build it on fuch hard Conditions and Limitations upon the Ground intended for this End. On the 19th of Mdy the fame Yeaf he con- a. D. tjfr, fi.rm'dand ef^abliflii'd this his Foundation, ac- crordmg to' Form of Law, aitd the Tenor of the rifOl'fffaid Chatter j whereiit, under the Nam'e £ e af 4 1 8 The MU^nt 'and Tr-efe^it Stats Part It of St. John Baptifi's College, he placed one Pre- fident and three Graduate Fellows to occupy the 'fame till others fhould be added thereunto ^ rand of tliefe Alexander Beljire, S- T. B. and Canon of Chrlfi-Church, was the firil: Prefidfint ; J^alph de Wyncdn, Kdw. Chambre, and He». d'Au- heriy^ Mafters in Arts, were the firft Fellows or Scholars, intowhofe Polfeifion he deliver'd the faid Mefluage, Grove, and other Appurtenan- ces ', and for the Maintenance of thefe he en- dowed the fime with the yearly Revenue of 30 /. to be paid by the Mayor and Commonalty of the City,, adding hereunto the Maunors of Long-Witnnm, .Fifield, Comnor^ Eaton^ Kingjtone^ Bakepuz.e, Frylflxam ^ud (jar ford, with their Ap- purtenances, as. well in 0^/cr^ as BerkJJjire, he^ iides many other Tenements and Church Ad- Vowfons. And having done all thefe things ac- cording to Law, the King and Queen, by Let- ters Patents .of the iiuft of t^^y, in the 3d and ■4th of their Reign, granted feveral Privileges and Immunities to them,- too long to be here e- nurnerated. .;ij, c... i ... r:.r. -^"'.r Soon afterthi^, the.Fdun^er refolv'd to aug- ment the ]S^um,ber of his Fellows-, and to enjoin them a diif^retjtJVIethodcin their Studies-, and "to this Efid .he abrogated ;and cancell'd the for- mer Charter ofi FGundfition, and procur'd ano^ A. P. 1557. .that of the 0hl6fMarch^zin the 4th and 5th of jPhll. d-il^^rj^jrand founded this College as it were anew, acidvng hereunto larger Revenues, >nd enjoining his Fellows the Study of bi")th jb?^ws,.as well as the Stqdies of Divinity and P^^i* lofophy. , After the Number. of Fellows was thiis 'ucreas'4 ^nd compleat, he appointed the tn, a new Body:of Statutes for the Ufe of them and the>rS.ucceflbrs.^ and by thefe, under one Pre i- fitkntj he iectkd fifty .Fellows and Scholar; ?j witi^ Ch, I . oft be Unlverfity ^Oxford. 419 with a Command of twelve of them to be Law- yers j three Ghaplain-Priefts •, three Lay-Clerks to live unmarried, and fix Chorifters : But on O^. 1 2, 1 5 77. the Inftitution of thefe Chaplains, Clerks and Chorifters, was by the unanimous Confent of the Prefident and Fellows annull'd ; for that the College Eftate being impair'd (I know how) was not fufficient for the Mainte- nance of this Number. Before this Time the Founder had enlarged the College Out-lets by the Addition of three Acres of Ground, pur- chafed of Dr. George Owen •, with another Acre lying between the Road from Smyth-gate to IVoodfiock on the Eaft, and St. Johns College and the Canal running out o? Magdalen Pariih on the South, which was granted by the Fellows of iV^ip-College for a Term of Years, and this, with the aforefaid three Acres was encompafs'd with a Wall out of the Legacy of William Sprotte L. L. B. and once a Fellow of this College, left by Will of the 8th of Augujt, in the i oth of King James \. And thus much of the Founder, who at his Death bequeath'd 3000 /. to his College for the purchafingof Eftates : And moreover, that the Foundation it felf might be reckon'd among the Members of the Univerlity, it was granted, that the Prelident, and every Scholar of it, Ihould enjoy the fame Privileges and Immuni- ties with other Colleges ; which was afterwards confirm'd under the Univeriity-Seal affix'd to an Inftrument of the 1 8th of Jan. by the Con- vocation of Regents, &c. and is now remaining with them in the College Archives. As to its Benefaftors, John Cafe, DoOior o^ A. D, itou Phylick gave 1 00 /. for the buying an Eftate of 5 /. fer Ann. to be diftrlbuted among two Stu- dent Fellows in Divinity, according to the Dif- E e 2 ere- 420 The Antlent and Trefent State Part II. cretion of the Prefident and ten fenior Fellows, to be named de novo every Year. J. D. I $80. Walter Fijh, Merchant-Taylor in Londony gave an Annuity of 7 /. 6 s. 8 d. to be paid by the Company of Merchant-Taylors to this College, ■and to be divided among five indigent Scholars of this College in Divinity, and is now paid by the faid Company. And the Lady ^J^fary May — - — -1590. gave an Eftate of 5 /. ^er Ann. as a Stipend for a Lefture in Divinity ; but this Benefaction is loft. I59Z. Hugh Henley, tt^erchant-Taylor, gave 50/, for the perpetual Maintenance of one poor ■*"""•"■ *'''^^?* Scholar. And George Palin, Citizen of London, gave 300 /. to purchafe Lands for the Support of four Scholars ftudent in Arts, by way ofEX- hibitiotij with which an Eftate of 16 1, per Ann, ^ was bought ; and this Exhibition they were to receive, till they became Dolors in Divinity. 'r-^'-^^^iii TJoomas Paradyne, Citizen of London, gav'e an annual Exhibition of 10/. to four poor Scho- lars, 't/it. to one 4 /. and 2 /. a-piece to each of the others, which Exhibition he paid him- ielf during Life, and at his Death bequeath'd 200 /. to purchafe an Eftate for the perpetual -Payment thereof. 1. Dr. IVill. Gibbms, a very eminent Phyfician in 'LotidoYj, and formerly a Fellow of this College, bought and gave hereunto the per|)etual Ad- vowlbn of the Reflory of Beverley in Torkjhire, as a Reward for the moft deferving Perfon in Divinity in the laiti College, well knowing how commendable Learning and Religion is from the great Confcfoufnefs and Share thereof in himfeir^ and this excellent Patron thereof ha- ving no Children of his own, it is expected that he win da other Charities in Reality, without niucJi Talk or Bcafting thereof, like another of that Faculty^ who pxomis'd Golden Mountains. JfcSUS^ ph. I. (ftheUmveffuyofQyivo^.Dl 421 Jesus-College. HVgh Trice, DoO:or of the Canon Laws in the Univerfity of Oxford, and Treafurer of the Church of St. 'David's, having in his Life Time by his Profeilion and Employments amaf^ led together a confiderable Sum of Money, in his old Age, refblved to leave behind him fbme publick Acknowledgment of his good Fortune in the World ; and to this End confulting his Friends, they came at length with him to this Opinion, that he ihould in the moft humble manner intreat Queen EUz^aheth to found aCol- Jege at Oxford, granting a Power to him for to fettle Revenues thereon, for the Maintenance of certain Scholars to be chofen out of IFales, this being Prices Native Country ; vv^hereunto her Majefty confented, and at Pr/V c's Inftance granted a Royal Charter for this Purpofe, bear- ing Date the 27th of Jwwe, 1571- from which Charter Ibme few things may be noted touching the Foundation of this College -^ as firft, Thac Q: Eliz.. is faid to have founded the fame within the Precinfts of an ancient Hoftel called Ij/hite- hall, and heretofore belonging to the Priory of St. Fridefwide, and in her Charter fhe orders this College to be ftiied Collegium Jefu infra Civita- teT7z.& Vniverfitatem Oxon. ex fundatione Regint& ElizabethiE. idly, It is in this Charter alfo de- creed. That this new Corporation fhould con- Jift of one Pincipal, eight Fellows, and as ma- ny Scholars \ and that the Queen,at the Inftance, of Trice fhould have the firft Nomination of all thele. sdly, For the honourable Subfiireuce. of the aforefaid Number of Students in the fe- voral Arts and Sciences, her Majefty imp&wer'd E e 3 the 42 2 *The Antient and Trefent State Part II. the faid Hugh Price, his Executors, Admini- ftrators, or Afligns, to endow this Society with the yearly Revenue of i6o /. 4thly, The Queen fupply'd the Builders with Materials and Tim- ber from StoTv and Shotover Woods : And laftly. She commiflion'd certain Perfons to take Care of the Buildings, and to affift in every thing ap- pertaining to the fpeedy Dotation of this Society. «. Hereupon Hugh Price conveyed over feveral Lands, MefTuages and Tenements, lying in Breclnochjhire^to the Principal,Fellows,and Scho- lars aforefaid, for the perpetual Maintenance and Society of them and their Succeffors •, but this Munificence did not amount to'.its firfl: De- lign, the Revenues of thefe Eftates being after- wards fo far diminifhed and impair'd, nay ffbme fay) reduced to nothing, that fome of the Stu- dents only enjoy'd the Title of Fellows until Weftphaling's Benefa£tion came to the College, (of which hereafter) and only two or three of thefe Fellows, with the Principal, and fome Commoners lived in the College. Soon after this Gift of Price was made, the publick Edi- fice was begun, efpecially that Part thereof which fronts the Eaft, and lies towards the South, which was finilh'd by the faid Commifii- oners according to Price^s Defire. But Price dy- ing before the Building of this College was com- pleat, he bequeathed 700 /, for this End, Part of which Sum (400/.) was laid out in the Pur- chafe of Lands by Poweliy2ind. the Refidue thereof (300 /.) emp'oy'd in Building hyEubule Thelwall. Th\s Hugh Price was born at Brecknock iii>; Wales, ^md afterwards educated at Ofney, un-: •der the Tuition of his Uncle, a Canon of thi$ Abby, where he fo improved himfelf in his Stu-< dies, and the Merit of a good Life, that he fboni: Ijecame Prebendary ofRochefier^ and afterwards Tre^ Ch. I. (ftheU7uverfit)>ofO\vo'SiTt. 42^ Treafurer of the Church aforelaid, a true Re- gard being paid to his excellent Learning and great Abilities in the Canon Laws *, a thing very rare in this Age. Among the Benefactors to this College, Dr. Griffith Lloydj Principal thereof, gave hereunto certain Lands in C^r^/^4^/(/j/>f, for the Mainte- nance of one Scholar or Fellow only of his Con- languinity on the Revenues thereof; but this Gift was not to come into the polTeilion of the So- ciety till after the Death of hisWife and Daugh- ter J*<«? L/^?)'^ ; Hereupon the Students of this College were fill'd with fo great Expedations of oth^r futbre BenefaftorSj in imitation of the Pattern which lAoyd had fet them, that on the 7^/7 of July, I 589. they obtain another Charter of Mortmain from Queen Eliz,abcth, for increas- ing the Revenues of this College to 200 Pounds per j4-finum, beildes all manner of Burthens and Charges whatfbever ; alTigning Delegates for the making of Statutes, &c. Herbert IVefiphali/ig, S. T. P. and Bifliop of Herefordy gave certain Eftates in Herefordjhire^ within the Mannor of Batche, for the Mainte- nance of two Fellows and as many Scholars thereon in the Study of good Letters, in the Choice of which he prescribes a principal Re- gard to fuch as fhall be of his Blood. See the Will, dated 1602. Henry Rowlands^ born at Llyn in the Pariih of Mellteirne in Car'aarvan^ure^ and for Ibme time Chaplain of 7{jvo College, Minifter of Launton m Oxfordjlnre, and then BiHiop of Bangor^ out of his good Affedion to this Society gave cer- tain Lands and Tenements in the fjle of A^an^ A. D. 1609* for the Support of two Fellows, or the like Number of Scholars in this College ^ one of thefe he would have chofen from Llyn or Bangor £ e 4 School '4^4 Ths Antient andTrefent State Part 112 School, and the other from Beaumaris School ; and thks Gift he made with a Command, that if any Perlons of his Kindred by Blood fhould appear equal to others in Learning, they were to rcoeive the Preference. How this Injunftion has been obferved in this and other Colleges, I ij^all confider hereafter. . Owen JVood, born in the IJle of Man, and Fair low of this College, and then Dean oi Armagh in Ireland, gave 1 60 /. to which his Wife af- terwards added 40, for the Purchafe of an 'S^ ilate, on the Revenue of which was to be main- tained one Fellow and one Scholar of the Num- ber of his Kindred, if any* appeared fit for this Charity : And with this Money, and fbme o^ ther, certain Lands were bought at Dorfton in Herefordjhire, which with Wefiphaling^s Bene- faction, amounts to forty Pounds per Annum in this County. J'homas Reddriche, born at Carmarthen, and MInifter of But ley in Sujfolk, gave two Tene- ments In the Parifli of ffr An, for the Muintenance of one Fellow in the No- mination of the Heirs of his Family. - 1^79. Sir Tho. Wynne y of a very antient Pedigree of that Name at Lanvayer-del-Hdyeme in Denbi. 15 S 3 . Queen Mary's Reign, on the 1 6th of AuguFt, it was fold to Edward Freer e o^ Oxford, E{q^ Bro- ther-in-law to the faid Baylie^ and aftef\'?ard to William Freere, his Brother by Right of Inhe- ritance •, and from him at length,, on the 10th cf December, 19 Eliz., it was purchafed* by the Mayor and Bailiffs of Oxford, in the Name of the whole Corporation, for about the Sum of 4.30 /. Hereupon the Citizens granted out fe- veral Leafes thereof, and therein provided a- gainft the ufual Fairs' held before the publick Gate of the Priory, to the Damage of the re- tailing Tradefmenof theCity, which afterwards Ibid it to the Foundrefs of Wadham College, ISljcholas Wadham of Merefield in Somerfet'' fhif-Cy, Efq^ for fome time a Gentleman-Com- moner either of Corpus Chrifii or Chrifi -Churchy partly by a laudable Frugality of his own, and partly by that of his Wife Dorothy, had laid up J40C0 1 a great Sum of Money, befides an Eftate of 80 /J per Annum, which being of his hiheritance, he augmented it to the' y^early Value of three Thou^" land Pounds and upwards. Herewith Nicholas Wadham being enriched, he iirft conceived Thoughts of founding a College at Venice, for the Education o't EngUfli Youth in th$ Romifli Religion, both he and his Wife being Papifts : But being advifed and perfwaded by certain Friends rather to perform this Work in his own Country, and efpecially at Oxford, he immedi- ately changed his Refolution, and determining to ereCt a College, he no fooner began to pur- chafe Ground for thi<; End, bat he departed thi^ JCife \ which for fome time put a flop to thh intended Foundation, thoV it did in no wile break oIV the Defiain ; for he took care in hia " ' WiH Ch. I." * of the Univerjity of OxfordT 4 j j Will tD join fuch Perfpns in Truft with his Wife (tliQ Executrix ther^fof) as were of the Number of his Kindred and Servants^ to fee his hitentiou fully perforiti'd, and the Work finifh'd, whofe • CdunftI ^nd Advice his Lady generally made uleof. ^ Wadham firft made, choice of the Ground- plot, .on which Gloceper-Hall now -ftands, for the! Scifc'e and Building of his College : But on Wadham's DeJith, Dr. Hawlcy^ the Principal thereof, refiifed to lay down his Headship, without a Promife of being made the firft Preli- dent of the Society. Hereupon the Lady Do- rothy was obliged to forego' her Husband's Pur- p'ofe, and at a great Rate to' purchafe the afbr«- faid Priory of the City of Oxford, for a Seat to tuild this College on : Nor was this Piirchale Ifiade without Condition, viz.. That .the Towqi fliould have the Nomination of one I^'ellow and two Scholars ^ and in plirfuance hereof, Tho. Harris^ the Son of Vrancis Harris, a Vintner, was njtmed as Fellow, and William V otter, the Son of a Mercer, and Ifaac Smyth^ the Son of a' Tayldr in Oxori. were named as Scholars. Ori the Conveyance of this Priory to the faid Voro- thy, by the Citizens aforefaid, Af^/ 29//;, 16 10". upon the Payment of 600 I. the ruinous Build- ings thereof, efpediailly on the South fide of the prefent Quadrangle, were pulled down, and ai U^f a/fign'd for laying the Foundation Stone, iffz., th6 3 ifi of July enfuing, when the Vice- Chancellor, Doctors and Proftors of the Uni- verfity, affembed at St. A' the 3*^, or then about, given by" 7{jchard Scgrym aforelaid to this Priory ; which was held by the Canons for fome time under the Name oftheGre^t Aietfuage, fituate' at the Cor- ner a fore faid, on thefe Conditions, viz,. That after his Death fome Canon of this Priory fhould be thereon maintain'd for ever, there to ce\e- ' brate an jAnniverfary for the Souls of him and his Parents, and alfo one Chriflian Paddy, ^dly^ This Tenement was cd.l'ied Scgrjm-Ha/l, and in the Time of this ^/tW<^, or before^ was inha- bit^ Ch. I. . of the Univerftty of O^BOViD, 4J7 bited by cert?LJn Clerks or Scholars, and enjoy'd fhis Name till the Beginning ofHcuyy the (5///3 Reign, when it began to be called ^rpad-gatC' Hall, from the Broad Gate then built, and lead- ing thereinto ; and in our Writers 'tis lome-r times ftiled Broad-gate, and fbmetimes Segrym, and then by Corruption Scgreve Hall, ^thly. There was another Tenement lying near the Eaft thereof, ^dded hereunto, to enlarge this Hall, which Tenement once belonged to the Monks of Abingdon, having the other Moiety of St. Aldate's Church : Moreover another Tene- ment was alio added, lying on the Eaft of the fprmer, which the Principal o^ Broadgate-Will in Henry the 7f^'s Time lented of New-College, $thly, 'Tis faid this Hall was principally dedi- cated to the Study of the Civil and Canon Law, as appears from our Regifters, and elfe where. This Hall, at the DilTolution of the Abbies by Henry the 8f/;, was given to his College iq Oxford, anno regni 38, together with the faid Tenements belonging then to the aforefaid IV^onks. This fame Segrym-Hall, in the 6th of J.D. liS;. King Edward the ifi, was valued at 40 s. per Annum Rent, and thus it continued for many Years, till the Year 1 5 1 7, when it was only let for 30 s. to one John Noble, Principal thereof; yea, for 20 x. on the Principafs repairing of it. On the aforefaid Diffolution of Abbies, wheq not only this Hall, but the. Univerfity it felf was alnroft deftltute of Scholars, it was not let for above 13^. 4 J. and io it was given to the College aforefaid by Henry the ^th. And thus much ofJSroad-^ateHall, I now proceed tofpeak oC Pembroke College in St. Aldatc's Parifli, near the Church of this Name, where I flmll fp.sak of its Foundation, Benetaftors, and other Mat- ters relating thereunto. F f 3 Thym.tf ■^ J i8 The Ant tent and Trefent State Part IT. 'Thomas Tifdale, Efq; born at Sandford Veanly in Berkjhire (for there he was baptized Feb, 1 3?/?, 1 547 J at the Time of his Death, at Clymptoti near Woodflocl in Oxfordflnre^ by his laftWill of the 30f^ of J««f, i5io. bequeathed five thoufand Pounds to purchafe Lands and Tene- ments for the Maintenance of certain Fellows and Scholars to be chofen from the Free School at Abingdon, into any College within the Uni- , verfity of Oxford. Thereupon Arch-Biihop \ Abbot and others of efpecial Note, together with the principal BurgeiTes of the Town of A" hingdon, who were by the Will made Truftees hereof, would have immediately covenanted with Baliol College to increafe the Number of the Fellows of that Society t But after many Difputes touching feven Fellows and fix Scho- lars ofTifdaWs Foundation to be placed there- in, this Projeft came to nothing, they being now prevailed on by the Promile of a new Be- nefaftor (Richard Whtghtwick, S.T.B. heretofore of Baliol College^ to fix on Broad-gate Hall for the Settlement of this Charity, which IVhi^ht- fpick had long fince thought of endowing. In'the mean time Sir Nicholas Kemp, Knt. and William Bakerj Efq; purchafed Lands and Tenements with this Sum of 5000 Pounds in Berljhire and VViltfhire^ with their Appurtenances, for the fli- ture Maintenance of Fellows and Scholars on Tifdale-s Foundation. Whereupon the Mayor, Bailiffs and Commonalty o^ Abingdon, with the Earl of Pembroh then Chancellor of the Uni- verfity, prayed the King to impower them to found a certain College, confifting of a Mafter, Fellows and Scholars, within the Univerfity of Oxfordy and Precinfts of Broad-gate Hall ^ and to grant to the faid Mafter, Fellows and Scho- lars, Letters Patents, qualifying them to pur- chale Ch. I, ' tf'theUmverfityofO'i^^oKDl chafe Lands and Tenements for the Mainte- nance of them and their Succeflbrs. The King immediately confenting hereunto, iifued out to them a Charter of Mortmain, dated June the 29th, 1 6"24. wherein it is ordained, that a per- petual College fhould be founded within the Li- mits of this Broad-gate Hall, for the Study of Divinity, Civil and Canon Law, Phyfick, and the liberal Arts and Sciences, confifting of one Mafter, ten Fellows, and as many Graduate or Non-Graduate Scholars, more or lefs, accord- ing to the Statutes of the College hereafter to be eftabliihed, and that this College ihould enjoy all the Privileges of a Body Politick, and be known by the Name of the Afajler, Fellows, and Scholars of Pembroke College within the Vniver- fity of Oxford, of the Foundation of King James, ad onera &. Cufiagia Tho. lifdde & Rich, iVhight* wick. He further order'd George Arch-Bifhop of Canterbury, Williar^ Earl oiVemhroke, and Chan- cellor of the Univerfity, Sir John Bcnnct, Knt. Sir Euh. Thelwall, Knt. IValt, Darrcl, Efq^ and the faid Richard P0jightrvicl, or any four or more of them, to make a Body of Statutes for the Ufe of this Society. With this Charter was granted another, called a Charter of A fort main ^ whereby this College was allowed to purchafe Lands and Tenements to the Yearly Value of feven hundred Pounds. After this, the Mafter, Fellows and Scho- lars had PofTeiTiondeliver'd unto them of Broad- gate- Hall, then enlarged, and fo far encreas'd 'in Building, as was fuificient to receive the whole Number of Students. Three Years af- ter the College received a Body of Statutes^ figned and fubfcribevi within the Year of Dr. Frewens Vice-Chancollorfliip : And in thefe F f 4 Sta- 4?9 '/U o The Jntient and Trefent Stat^ Part JIJ '^ ^ ■ Statutes it is ordained, That four of T^tj dale's i?ello\vs fhould be chofen from among his KiriJ dred, and the other feven being Mafters of ArtSj" fliou'd be in holy Orders *, and that the Scho- lars of this Foundation fhould be of the Free School at j^ingdon in Berkjlnre \ two of whom ought to be of his ConHinguinity^ atidof indi- sent Fortunes \ and if none fuch can -be found m this School, then they may be chofen froni elfewhere, provided they be of his Blood : And as to the other four, they ought to be Natives Xii Ahingdon^ and elefted from this School j and named Sir WillUm 5^w«ef's Scholars* '• -■'^'^ '>- . As to the Benefadion oi Mch, Wht^mUV^ who founded three Fellowfliips and four Scho- larihips, arid gave Lands of the Value of a hun- dred Pounds i^er ayinnum^ for the Maintenance of therfl ^ he would have two of the* Fellows and two of the Scholars - to \}Q either of his Name or Kindred, wherefoever born or edu;- cated, and the three other' to be chofen from j4bhgdoii School. The Blfeftion fof Tifdale^s Scholars is on the Tnefday' ^fter the ^\:^ Sunday in Augufi yearly ^ wherein 'the Maffer'of the College, and two o? Ti [dale's Senior- Fellows^ with the Matter of Chrifi's-Hofpital at Ahlngdon^ the two Senior Curators thereof, and alfo the Schodlmafter of the aforeJTaid School, are mad^ Eleftor's thereof. ■ ^ ...... Among the principal Benefa£l:ors of this Col- . lege, 2.heT: George Abhot\ Arch-B\{ho^ ofCarir- terhury, \Vh6 gave 366 Pounds for the Redemp- tion of a Law-Suit between Baliol College and the Town of Ahingdo?2y ^bout ' the Settlement of Tifdale\ Charity, we meet with King Charles the ifl^ who'granted unto thib' Society the per- petual Advowfon of St. Aldate^^ Church there- tmto adjoiriins;, and mbreovor out oi his pure Ch.i; of the Umverjty (fOxFOKDl. 441 Affeciion to it, gave certain Lands for the-^.-P- i<55<5. Maintenance of one Fellov/, to be chofen froiti the Ifles o^Gu^rnfey or Jerfey^ and therein borni Then, ^ ^ •'' ' Juliana St ajf or d. Wife 0^ Alexander Stajford^ j<5i8. pf Holhorn in Middle f ex ^ Gent* gave 5 /. fer Ann. towards the Education of two poor Scho-^ lars in this College, to be bred up in the Stu- dy of Divinity, and orderM the Mafler to have the Nomination of them,, who were to enjoy this Charity till they became Matters in Arts j provided they ablented not themfelves from the College above one Quarter in the whole Year i butthis Gift was not to take Place till after her and her Husband's Death. '^ i Francis Rous, by hft Will and Teftament of March 18. 1657. deviled an Eftate of 40 /. fer "Ann. out of the Tithes of the Church of Boo^- ham magna in Surry, to be paid hereunto for the iMaintenance of two Students in this College; tind another 20 /. fer Ann. for the Education of another Student in this Society, which laft Gift was iffuing out of a Penfion paid for a Te- nement in the Mannor of Mutton in Cornroall, during the Life-time of the two Bigfords ^ and after their Death alio iifuing out of another Te- i*ement at Coxokhury in ^evonjljire for ever : And the Scholars thus to be chofen he would have to be of low Fortunes, viz., under i o I. fer Ann. of a fit Age for Learning, and either of his own Pofterity, or of the Stock ot Rob. Rich, and Ar- thur, being his Brethren, or laftly of the De*- fcent from his Sifters l^chols or Vpton^ and if no fuch appear'd, then to be elected out of the two upper ClaiTes of Eaton School *, thefe were to ftudy Divinity, and to give fome publick Speci- men of their Proficiency therein before they were Batchelori^ in Arts, and not to enjoy this Bene? 445 The Antient and Trejent State Fart If, Benefaftion above feven Years, when others were to fucceed them on the like Conditions. Lafily, Dr. George Morley, late Bilhop of Winch efier, at the Time of his Death, founded five Scholarfliips more than were formerly in- ilituted ; and thefe he would have to be filled with Students from the Ifles of ^nernfey and Jer- fey^ and endow'd the fame with a liberal Aln lowance, .,.^ . -' ■ The Lodgings of this College at its firft Foun*' 4ation were the fame with thofe belonging to JBrW^^fe-Hall, together with thofe ulUally ren» ted by the Principalg of this Hall, -u/z.. uie A" bingdon-hodi^mgs'^ the New College Lodgings, and Cambey's Lodgings. Upon the^ pulling down the greateft Part of thefe, were built the South and Part of the Eaft and Weft Sides of the Quadran- gle, with Ttfdale^s and Wightwi^k^s^ Mo^ey, and ether Benefaftors. There are jfince ere£Ved for the Ule of the Mafter very elegant, large, and convenient Lodgings ; and if the whole College had been made liiitable hereunto, it would be one of the neateft Colleges in the Univerlity, the Chancellor whereof for the Time being is appointed the Local Viiitor of this Society. Of Halls in general. OF the great Number of Halls and Inns heretofore in the Univerfity of Oxford^ there are only now feven remaining, which are Object to the Government of their Principals ; and all thefe Cexcept St. e>^/iry-Hall and 67o- f ^y?^r-Hall) were in ancient Times the Ho\ifes of Townfmen let out to Scholars, as Habita- tions for the Mules, on yearly Rents ; and if thefe Halls had not fallen into the Hands or Pof- fe/fion Ch. I * t^ the Univerfity of Oxfor d.' 44 j feilion of Colleges, 'tis probable thefe Houfes of Learning alfb had in the Reigns of Henry VII. ^nd Henry VIII. been converted to other Ufes, The ancient Manfions of the Students here were vulgarly called Hojielsy but in Courfe of Time they began to be ftiled Halls : and this Ti- tle fo thoroughly prevail'd at laft, that Colle- ges were diftinguiih'd by the lame Name, as Merton-U^Ll], Baliol-HKW, Orf>/-Hall, &c. as already remembred, and to be every where met with in ancient Writings ; Archbilhop Arundel^ in a Conftitution commands that none of Wick- liff's Books be read in Schools, Halls, Hoftels, or any other Place whatlbever within the Uni- verfity of Oxford, This Word ^ula (accord- ing to Recan Gorop) is derived from the Gernjan Word j4ll or Hall, which fignifies to keep or cover ; it being a Place wherein Merchandizes were put and kept as in a Staple ^ for the Citi- zens o^ Oxford fay, they were heretofore of the Staple, and fo fold Lead and Tin, Wooll and Jiides, &c. But enough of this. In former Times the Principals of thefe Halls were chofen by the common Suffrages of all the Students therein placed -^ and he who had a Su- periority of Votes in each refpe£llve Hall, was by the Chancellor of the Univerfity, or his Commiffary, admitted to the Execution of this Office, upo.T putting in of fufficient Caution to pay the yearly Rent of fuch Houle, &c. But now all thele Principals or Heads are appointed by the Chancellor, except him of £<^;?;ww<^-Hal], which Right Queens College refufed to yield up, when all the reft of the Colleges granted this Power of Nomination and Appointment to Rob. Tindlcy, EarlofLf/Vr/?fr, and to the fucceeding Chancellors of the Univerfity for ever, about the Year 1570. The 444 ^^^ Antient andTrefent. State Part It The Principals and Students of thefe Halls are governed and kept in Order by Statutes heretofore made and delivered by the Chancel- lor, and the whole IJniverfity, and in Courle of Time corre£led and augmented for this End : And according to thefe ancient Statutes, the principals and their Scholars were obliged to go to their Parilh-Churches on folemn Days for ' Divine Service, as Magdalen-HsiDy Edmimd:'' Hall, and ffan-}la.Wf to St. Peter''% Church in the Eajt ; iAlban-B.^W to ^JHerto/i-Church 5 St. Mary-Ud-W to St. (tMary's Church ^ T^w /»«-Hall to St. Teter's Church in the Bailiff-^ and Glocefier-'ii2\\ to St.Thomas^s Church. Thefe. Halls ar^ not yearly endow'd with Eflates and Revenues ; yet Ibme of them have Exhibitions or yearly Stipends given for the Maintenance of certain Students therein. The Students pay a yearly Rent to the Principals, and live at their own Charge as at the Inns of Court in London, No Commoner, Battelar, or other Scho- lar, of what Condition foever, ought to be ad- mitted into any Hall, until he actually comes to the Univerfity, and to the Hall, with his Books and other Goods to flay therein^ nor ought any one to be admitted into any Hall, un- iels he has a Chamber \yithin the fame, or Lodg- ing annex'd thereunto ; and every Scholar of T 5 Years of Age, at the Time of his AdmiBion into the Hrtll, or within three Months after, i]iall be obligM to take an Oath, before the Prin- cipal or Vice-Principal, and two ienior Com- moner'^ thereof, to the Obf^rvation of the Sta- tutes and Cuftoms of the Halls, under Pain of Amotion or Expulfion from thence •, and if he be within lifteen, then as loon as he is of that Age. Alban- Ch}'ii''- cfthe TJnlverftty of Oxford: " ' ^^^t^ Alban-Hall. TH E moft ancient Hall at prefent in the Univerfity of Oxford is thki called Alban^ Hall, fituated in St. John Baptift's Pariih, on the Eafl fide of Merton-Co\\es,e , and receiving its Name^according to Writers treating hereof, from the Convent of St. Alban^s : For Ibme will have it^ that this Hall was built by the Mohlcs there- of, iind aflfign'd for the Ufe of the Youth of that' Houfe, to give theni an Academical Education!* But thefe are Miftakes ^ for thefe Monks never claim'd any Right to themfelves in this Hall, having Habitations here in another Place. And the true Reafbn of giving this Name to the faid Hall, was from an ancient Tenement or Meflu- age of Rob. de St. Albms^ an Oxford Citizen, li-- ving here in King Joh7^s Reign, and fome Years' after-, Who convey'd this Tenement, with ano- ther Weftward thereof (afterwards called Nuni' Hall^ to the t^uns of Lmlemore' inOxfordpire^ about the Beginning of. Hem^ Ill's Reign, \yho about the fame time gave eight other Tene- ments in the Pariih of St. Aldatc^ Oxon. to the Nuns of Stodeley in this County. Thefe Houles Were afterwards inhabited by Scholars, under ' the Name of Alban-H^ll and iV«;7-Hall, which firft Appellation occ'urs about the End of Ed- roard Fs Reign, tho' doubt lefs thefe Houfes were dedicated to Letters fome Time before. The laft of them wasunder the Appointment of iT/-pr- /(j«-Gollege, upon a Deinife and an Order, that the younger Scholars of the Founder's Blood ihould be thevein inftruOied in the firfl:' Parts of • an Univerfity' Education then called Triviats._ Soino 446 The Anttent andlPrefefit ^tate Part if. Some Years after thefe italls became fubje£t to divers Principals, efpecially the laft of them; But when the Collegiate Church of St. John Bap" I Hen. 6, fij} was rebuilt, there was a Coalitidii between thefe Halls, for the Students of each to come under the fame Difcipline and Principal • tho* how long this Union laftcd is uncertain : For from the Year 1445. ^^^^ Edward IV's Acceifiori to the Crown, they were under the Governtnent of different Principals ^ however, in Henry Vl's "Reign and afterwards, th^ Fellows of Merton-. College often demis'd them to the Convent of Littlemore, which Ibmetimes put them under the Government of two, and fometimes under one of their Fellows, by the Conlent of the reft of the Univerfity. By a Deed 4ated 1452; it appears, thsit Chrifiina, Abhe(s of Litplemore^ gave thefe fwo Halls, therein called jilbon and Noone-B.^W, together with two Gardens there- unto belonging, to the Warden and Fellows of Mertort'Coile^e for the Terrai of 99 Years ^ and fjy another Deed dated Dec, 1 5. in the 1 2th of ^en. VII. it appears that this Convent of veiPd Nuns let out Alban-H^W^ and a Garden Soiith- tvard thereof, between tlie faid CJollegef VJe^-^^ ward, and ai Garden belonging to Bdidl'Co\\Q%e on the^ft, for the Term of 67 Years, at the Rent of 13^. 4 <^. per Ann. In Edward IV^ Timie thefe Halls were diftin£l, and in Henry the Vl's Reign they were united, ; But to come nearer pur own Times : The F-ellows of ^(fr^o;/-College were in PofTeilion of them by frequent Demifes, until they carte to Cardinal Woolfey with the PrioVy of Littlemcre it felf. Henry VIII. Gi;ave thefe Halls to his Phy-* fician, Dr. George Owen, form'erly a Felldv^ of Merton, and this he did towards the^ End of hii Reign, and Ovden foc'ii Jifter cTonvey^d th-enif td Ch. I. of the Univerfity of Ox^okdI ^4j Sir John Williams, ('afterwards Baron of 'Thame') and Sir John Grefham Knts. who on the 3d of December, by the Leave of Edward VI. aiUgn'd a iir», ^« them again over to John Pollard and Roh. Perrot, ErqrsJ. and they on the 1 6th of June trai^fer- fed their Right to the Warden and Fellows of ^tfr/-. fer Ann. ifldiable 'fi-om thence^ and payable Go him and his Heirs* ^tid this A-grebmentL was confirmed by Roger ke 2?^rww"^^w<'* Whether. "Th^. de-'-Afdlmesbury de« aViifed the fame to-the Scholars does not appear ; J. D. 12.70' but it was allign'd over to the Canons'of O^^y ^'i^eMdl^riiiai-y'Redi'or of cdrkey, near Ox- fbrdi'tihder- 1^'^ '^ame of -* ; ']\4ei?iiage with -its E^ffec^sv'- K!'^ii^&HUe'd in 4feli^t-h betweeri^'-St, P^lf>'fe*-dhttV^>^^arli'ant.^Pe}er's €toch as fw* as a Houfe belonging to the Priory oiW^^Veik Ofney- Ahhy was oblig'd to pay the Donor on till * Scim »r t hi^ Gift; r he ' Sti TTi " of on e M^fk, and alfo 8 s. to Ellz^aheth the Daughter of ^- dam de Oakley, J?Q3 fi^. . Jl " ■ U . a . i The Abbey afterwards repair'd this Meflliage ](XfttEtar' out Dfithe ly^arlyijR^ntis, arid ib^rtWe Coaifent>of tliiCrUnii^ty let it out as. a Dw^r iing/for. SchoJaf%Ms-.inay • hd'Taid almoft of all thEdHoufes of this 'tooa^ vent Jn^ Ox.ford ; which anaTde great Advantage from' the'. Rents th^reoif'^ ;eipecially inthofe !Ages, when there werfei- fd t:.. I J many Ch. I . oftheUwAJef^ty -ef Ok poitp* '" y 4 5 £ mafiy Thoufands of- Scholars" fivinjpjjere. 'It cannot iind wlien- this Hail was fir lib dfidicated»jt(>; the Mufes ; and on perufing the Rentals of the Abbey, touching -their -Hmt fcg in Qw / o r n ^^ — vwa. find no Mention thereof older than Edward Il's 11 Edvf. li Reign, when, this*, fift IK is fald';tq^,'ftand empty, as it almoft did in the Reign o? Hen. VIII. when it ; was confifcated witli the- otheF'PofleHiqns.-of the Monks, after various ^Trij).lSjDf.F;ofctune^ But King Henry did not -keep- it in; jhis ^^w^ long:v ibr by Letters-Patents of thi^-^^i^N^M t/fT^fH, I 54^. he grmited the fama j^Jff^i 5^^ low 2i\-\6. Rob. Bygat -^ \>f}\(y{oot\ after |^ave^ k to^l^Ken.^* William. Burnell Gent, antj, this laft, fqx the^Doni fideration of 40 Marks,- affign'd.tfae'^ame oven 7 E^^- ^» to William Denyfe^ f roVoft -of "Qi^eerHi-CQW^^e^ on the 28th of Jw/y,. if 57. Th^^-Sqciety q^ ^aftf?zjrColJege- having'" thus by \ Bumril's Gift obtain'd fihis Hailythey; converccfl it. again tcr the Ufe" of Scholars,^ on -Condition rnade with^ the Chancellor of ^the Univ&rfityjWhat-fthey ^ould for ever have th|?.N<)niinati<>n-0f a'P^vin^ cipal in their Right, -who was to.be'adi»kJt^dLJbrji the Chancellor or his rCommiif«p*,^,- as appears from" an Agreement mad.e-between the-Chancel- lofy Mafters, and Scholars of the "tJniveriity,and this Society, on the firfl: Day of M^t/vby in the firft Year of the Reign . of (i Eliz,abethy vyhfch Covenant is in Force e\ten unto,.thi* pay •, .al* tho' there heretofore. happen'd a. Gputrpverly at Law, upon'their^I^omination of a- Succeflbr to Tho^ Bomsfield^'on his Refignati^nof this Of- fice ;- the Chancellor of the LJniyerfity aiTeriing a Right of-Co-Ele6l:iai\.\yith the CoUege, and the Students pretending; the, fame. This Matter was referred, to Juftice ^T^/wif/Zry, on his .co- ming, who inflamed the Strife, in Hopes of making a good Caufe of it. But on receiving G g 2 ' the 4^2 The Antient and Trefent State Part II. the Opinions of Civilians and common Lawyers, it was given in Favour oi Queens-Co\\es/-College. By this Gift (yet not without a long Law-liiit^ this Meffuage came to the Scholars of the faid ColTege, then called St. Af^iry HalJ or College^ together with five Shops Northward, adjoining thereunto : Which they converted to the Ufe of Students ;, altho' we know not the precife time when this Houfe became the Mufes Habitation j and this Half had its Name fl-om the aforefaid College or Hall. The Catalogue of it^ PrirjcipaU is very imper- feft, and all that we know here is, that the fame was governed either by the Provofts or fome of the Fellows of this College, for many Years *, but it was inhabited by Scholars, jinno ^Bom. 1333. Or»f /-Col lege new built this Hall at the Time when ic was firft cOnfecrated to the Mufes ^ but there is little now remaining of this Building, befides the old Hall on the North iide, arid foihe few Chambers on the Eaft : For the reit was pUUed down in the Year 154.7, when Ch. I. of theUniverfity of Qyi^oviD, 4.'5j when thefaid Hall was rebuilt. The modern Publick Hall with the Cellar under it, and the Chappel over it, with the Buttry, and ibme Rooms on the Weft, were built at the Expence of Dr. Saunders the Principal, and ibme other Benefa£tors. Since the enlarging and beautify- ing of Colleges, this Hall fuffers the like Fate with all others in the Univerfity, and is little inhabited by Students. The moft remarkable thing of this Hall I Icnow of, is, that it gave an Education to the famous Sir Thomas ^J^ore Knt. and Lord High Chancellor of England^ fent to Oxford at the In- ftance of Cardinal Morton Archbiihop o^ Canter- bury. This ftJ^ore was a great Genius, and ac- cording to thofe Times a Perfon of excellent Learning. New-Inn-Hall, or Trilleck- Inn, « THIS Hall is fituate between the Nortly Bailif, or a Place called The Seven T)ead' ly SinSy and a Street leading from Carpenters- fir.eet to St. Teter'^ Church in the B^Uff: Th\s Houfe was in antient Tijnes inhabited by th(? Pennards ybeing Citizens in Oxford ; from whence Iprung Fridefwide, the Daughter and Heirels of William Pennardy who convey'd this Houfe, then lying between a ^odfiow-Tenement and the Homeftall of John Bybury, to John Trilleck Bi- fho^o^ Hereford, and Tho. Trilleck his Brother, by a Deed bearing Date the i ith of^pril 1349. But this Prelate dying inteftate anno i .^^'o. the Right to this.Houle came wholly to his laid Bro- G s 3 ther, 4')4 • ^'^^ JntieM and Trefent State Part. I Jy thei-y*whoib6ut iix Yeats-afci^rwardstransfeFif'd- tha^ fejTie to Hugh P.enbriggey.Rog. Otery, an4 Wait: Bromj Fftilbu flf St. Magpus Church, in Z,^i:iflff ^ . arid : thefe ' .again , after Penhrigge^s A. D. 1369. Death,. affigiTjiithe faid Houfe to WUllam de IVickkam Biihop of WSnton, and. others, with at-^ nother Tenement cAlled by the -Name q^ Hoffi-i tUJrjlleckinfia. . Wjckhum being thus in Poff^lIlTff . 1 3 pi. on hereof, and impower'drby a.-Royal Charter S^uneS. tb (this Eiid,.. gave. the laid. Houfes, together with three .Goirdens lying on the Weft thercQfJ aaiid alfb one other Mefluage:.ftiled Rofes-Halt^ bounded with a.Garden, to.ithe Warden ^nd Felbws of iV(f2r.-£lollege. - . vs{^ - At is fa id, .that thefe Houfes 'were fi'tft d.adi-, cated to.the.Mufes in TtillecUs Time ^ for thmit they began to be called Inns or Hoftels,..as-.ap.-t pears from the Deed of Conveyance made by B rvwn an d O/ fry^-Clerks •, trnd w-er e then by the Convocation of Mafters aifign'd as Habitations ——— 1455. for the Whjte 9r Bernarj^ne y^opk^y or: ai>y b* ther Religious whatfpeyef. Afterwards they were filled with Ci'uiliani^tiW Edw. VFs Time, and produced many learned ProfefTors in this Study-; whereof tnoft- oi th6xdi^ere\]felcljfmf7^ v/ho hd.'ffe been- iin Ornament to~the:UniverJty by their Le^ures read th^pe,;\vheh they/fued foi- theif'Ctegeees. -And thus 'much ofnhis -St. Ma^RY MAdi)SL'feSf HAtllW IT riow^ -follows that I fiimld give fome Ac- : coijht' 6^Sti-9 Hall, among vulgar WrifegPs acknowledged to be the Parent 6r:^Jigduhn^Co\}e^e ifl^lfy which^adjoins theii^i ~ ■■ '^ L-' unto : Chi*. offMlfmver/lt:/cto Innr ' ■ -_— i<-'2Jqn;.'. .: . It v\aJffee:tootediddsh^i^*d^V^X^^^^"^^ greater, fiehfefaftors. t6 Ais place; thtt'^Bi'e^or^ I will ' not "jjafs by, • "Sif ^hffiniis\Fi^fa%'^ aSfer- wards Lord Fairfax ^ .the General: ^tp^Hief;' "Par lia-i kient - Forces," ivha-^mongil:-i)ther^Mkftaic^i;^CS preferited i5o, written^ Dy- the llaric! "of "Mri Rog. IJodJmrth; and'-^fetiting*td"Qur^j^^/i^Hi* .^ ^ ^ • ftory^ "^s may be gitefled'by' the-itrfFV(3i5Si^'6f *' '* • the v^s"<^ie%-ta3c~eh'"fi:'<^ them7-'^:T:^here 'BooS^l^n'^ in one :of Jhe rielw Gallenesi ktely fet ''-tit^^n the mi(M.le-|*art theLibi^rjr. ■ Next'tX) them'on the R^ght^Hand flahds- that rtdblfe' PairfeFiijf^iental 'M&iifeipts bought- %'the'tJni Ye?itty^.t?f the -late^ %^l ''Btcri- tir^f on; '\vho' colle6te*d^'thern ; in- th^ Kaft ; and on;th'e L'eft'Hand ftaMthe^Hanafcmpti^c^'tlie Lord '"jPfhtHfr!,- and ■•t;hofe '^l^h-the'uMveriity bought'^ oPMr. greav&s. ''In''tKe'':'(yth^r^.(5alfery ftand th^'^brientai- IVfanufciFiptis- brtii^t'Trom "the Eait^ Dr..Pococy|-,- an\i^Vchas'dl^t*fe^-^^ "niv^riity'^jtbgether with ;ttvb other-fecfels' of 'Jfeook-s, ;xVrii:i:fenand pr'iitte'd %^):\i6iexy^t>b:'Mdr- 'flyal, Iate'R^O:or of jC?^c0/??"4:^ollege;>."-^d- thofe of Dr.: TTJo: Barlow, hV^%ritA Bifhop' 6f i/«c the , ^Library, fince it is ncrw 'become fo largej'-is ap- ^- prov'd I Ch. I. of the Univer/tty of O'i^POKD^. ' 46 J pro v'd by many wife Men, and there are fome now living, who have taken the fame Courfe. • The World has had feveral printed Cata- logues of the Books in the Bodleian Librar)'". That of the printed Books, publifk'd by Dr. Hyde, was in the Year 1574-. fmce which Time tliere have come in fo many Thoufands more, that a new Catalogue is now compofing by the Learned Dr. Hudfon, theprefent Library-keep- er, which will give the World full Sati.sfaftion in this Point, and that as foon as may be. 'Xs to the Manufcripts, an Account of them was alfo publiih*d above 20 Years ago, fmce wliicli Time the Univerfity has bought all the Manu- scripts of the - decealed Dr. Edward Bern^d:, with fuch of his printed Books, as wei^ fit for their Library. ' : :r? . ' ' '^ ! Upon the vv'hole, this Library is much larger than that of any Univerfity in Europe •, n^yj, it exceeds thofe of all the So^^ereigns in Europ'e^ except the Emperor's and the Frfw^' •Kmg% 'which are both of them rolder by alitioftr an hundred Years; Thefe, as does the Vatkan'yii Rome^ lAitMedicean at 'Florence*,, dnd B^arjbk'$^^ at Venice], exceed the Bo-dieim in Crf and eminent Perfonages, who had received their Education in this Univerfity, for the accom- plilhing of this grand Delign ; which was no Iboner fignified unto Bodley^ but he wrote a Let- ter to the Univerfity, highly approving of their Relblution, and advifed them to recommend this Affair unto Sir John Bennet, Judge of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, and alio to communicate the fame to as many of the Bi- ifiops as had been Students here. Whereupon Sir John Bennet was wrote to about this Matter, and the Univerfity receiv'd from him a Latin Letter, dated January the 21/, \6\i. full of Affeftion and Promifes of Kindnefs : and on the firft of^prilj the Year following, he wrote ano- ther in Englijh, in which he was of Bodley^s O- pinion about our fblliciting of Contributions to this End, and of regiflring the fime with their Benefactors Names ^ and herein he promifed to be at the Tenth Part of the Expence in the"^ Purchafe of Ground for the Eafl fide thereof^ which was made of the hihabitants of Cat-flreet at a high Rate. Then Delegates were named by his Advice for to confider of tliys Matter, and to make a Report of their Opinion to the Con- ' vocation, which they did on the id of (J^ay, j^ D. i^it. by the means of certain Articles hereupon : And about this Time many of the Nobility and • Bifhops fent in their Benefactions, as alio leve- ral of the Gentry and Clergy, amounting to the Sum.of about Twelve Hundred Pounds : But this not being fufHcient for the finifhin;^ of this laudable Defign,.the fame was at a ftand for fome time ^ and in the mean while Bodlcy died, and left to the Uuiverlity all his Lands and Te- H h 2 nements. 4^8 The Antient and Trefent State Part II. nements, together with all his Real and Perfb- nal Eftate, to be laid out on the Library, and on this Building, as already remember'd; This Legacy of Bodley's gave fo much Life and Spirit to the Univerfity, that we proceed- ed to the Foundation- ftone on the North fide of the Building^ March the 30f^, Anno Domini 1 5 1 3. and in fix Years Time finifh'd the whole Strufture j during which Time there came in 4500 /. as Benefa£lions hereunto, befides what was given by Bodley and others before we en- tered on the Building. On the South fide of the Schools Court ^ up one Story, you have the Anatomy-Schooly and contiguous thereunto the %heiorkk'School^ on the lame Floor, which was firfl appropriated to Hebrew, and then to Mufick, Under the Ana- tcmy-Schod is the Nat ur/tl 7hitofofhy-School, and under that of Rhetor ick that of Mujicky which gave way to that of Rhetorick, On the North lide of this Court is placed the Chil Law-School^ and under it the Moral Philofofhy-School -^ and adjoining to the faid Law-School is the School of Languages, heretofore only peculiar to the Creek Tongue ; and under the Linguifi-School lies that o^ Grammar and Hiflory. On the Eafl fide of the Court are^built four Schools alio; of the two upper_^ one is appropriated to geometry and Arhhmetick, and the other to Afironomy, and under thefe twd lie the Metaphyfick and Logick- Schools : And thefe Twelve Schools are called the Schools of Arts ^ wherein the Profeffors have their Chairs, and the Auditors Benches to fit on, whilft the proper Exercife in them is per- forming, by Difputations and Ledures. The Divinity-School on the Wefl fide of this Court, was begun, according; to fbme, in the Y«ar I 390. and lay liofinifh'd for 60 Years if' terwards j Ch. I.' (fthe Univerpty of Oxfor d. 469 terwards \ but this Aflertion is contradicted by ouf Regifters, \\rhich fay, that when the Stu- dents of the Univerfity firft apply'd themlelves to the Building of this School in the Year 1 477, they purchaled o? Baliol-College a void Space of Ground lying within the City- Wall, Weftward of Exeter College, and on the Eaft of School- ftreet, having Exeter-Jireet on the North, and fbme Houles belonging to the Convent of Dor» chefier on the South, where Dorchefter-School flood, and fome other Houfes belonging to Ba^ Uol-College, and adjoining to Mildred-ftreet. Af* ter the Univerfity had made this, with fome o- ther Purchafes, they began to build this School, but could not advance therein for want of Mo- ney : Whereupon they were obliged to write to the BenediBmes then affembled in a general Chapter at Northampton, for their Ailiftance herein, who gave 100/. towards carrying on this Work, on condition this School fhou'd be open to the Monks of their Order •, to which we may alfb add the Munificence of the Avftjn Monks, as appears by a Letter written by the Univerfity to the Prelates of that Order then in a Council at Northampton : And Arch-Bifhop Ghichiey gave a good Sum of Money here- unto, as did alfo the Deans of St. ?^«/'s, Sarum, Wellsy Exeter, Lincoln, and many others, with their Chapters. But Humfhrey Duke of 67o- cefler gave lb amply, that he is fald to be the Founder of this School \ on which when the Univerfity was about to raife another Story, it was fignify'd unto the Duke, this was a conve- nient Place to build a Library on, as being re- mote from all Noife and Secular Employments ; and then they offer'd him the Title : But 'tis not known, whether he accepted it ^ yet *tis certain he was a great Benefactor to us, by ii-'i Hh 3 traiii- ;47o The Antient andTrefent State ParlilL tranfmitting Money immediately hithei^ for diis End, and at the Time of his Death leaving I oo /. by Will for this Purpofe, befides a great Number gf Manufcripts for the fiirnifhing ury in Oxfordjliire, who purchafing five Acres of Ground South of St. Mary Magdalene College y thereon ere^ed about the Square thereof, mofl jaagnificent Walls and Gates, which Walls are 14 474 ^^^ Antient and Trefent State Vivt II. 14 Foot of the beft fquared and pollflied Stone, the like not to be elfewhere (een ; and one Gate there of the Comp/it Order of Building, to the Expeace of five or fix hundred Poimtis, on the Front of which is this Infer iptioil to be feen, 'viz,. Gloria Del Optimi Maxtmi^ 'j^otiori Caroli T^gis, in ufumAcademi 1 693 Richard Lydall, M. D, 1704 Edmund Marten, M,D, 1709 John Holland, S.T.P. 'BISHOTS. '1297 William de Hothum 1 348 Thomas de Bradwardyn 1 349 Simon de Illep 1 3<^9 William Read 1375 Robert de Wickford 1420 JThoiiias de Rodeburne 1452 Thomas Kemp 1452 John Chadworth 1478 John Marihall 1505 Richaiid Fitz- James 1523 Richard Rawlins 1 541 John Chambers 1559 John levvell 1 $60 John Farkurft 161 9 George Carletou 1 660 Edward Reynolds 1^.6^ John Earle BuhUn Canterbury Canterbury Chichefier Dublin Chichefier Canterbury Lincoln Landajfe London St. Davids Peterbor, Sarum Norwich Chichefier Norwich SarurJi Exeter- Ch. If (ftbe Univerfity q/^Oxford: EstETER-CoLLEGE. RECTORS. I %66 y Ohn Neale, A, M. iS7P J Robert Newton, A.M, 1578 Thomas Glaj^ier, LL,D. 1 592 Thomas Holland, 5. T. P. 1611 JohnPrideaux, S,T.P. 1 542 George Hakewell, 5. T. P, 1549 John Conant, S. T. P. 1661 Jolhua Maynard, S.T^Ii. 1555 Arthur Bury, 5.T.P. 162^ William Paynter, S.T,Pi "BISHOPS. 1 3 81 William Courtney Canterbury 1 369 William Rede Chichefier 141 3 Richard Courtney Norwich 1445 Walter Hart Norwich 1449 Nicholas Tregury Duhiin 1449 John Halfe Lichfield and Coventry 1505 JohnArundell Exon 1553 John Holyman 3rifioL 1595 John Chardon Down & Connor 1 6 1 5 Lewis Bayly Bano-or 1641 JohnPrideaux Worcefier T641 Thomas WinnifFe Lincoln 166 z Edward Hall Chepr Oriel- {M^o The Antie?a an^ Trefint State Part II. •; Orid j^f^ Oriel-College. F ROVOSTS. 1325 A Dam de Brome 1332 l\ William de Leverton 1 347 William de Hawkefvvorth, 5. T. P. 1349 William de Da ventry 1373 Jo^ n Co ly nt re 1385 John Middleton, S.T.P, 1394 John Maldon, A' M, 1 40 1 John Poflel William Corffe, S.T.P, 1414 Thomas Leyntwardeii Henry Kayle 1425 Nicolas Herry John Carpenter Walter Lyhert or he Hart 1445 John Halfe, S.T. 'S. 1449 Henry Sampfbn Thomas Hawkins 1478 John Ta^rlour, 5. T. P. Thomas tornifh 'i 507 Edmund Wylford, S. T.P, 1516' James More, S.T. B. 1530 Thomas Ware, S.T, P. 1538 Henry Mynne 1540 William Haynes, S.T.'B, 1550 John Smyth, A.M. I 9 (^4 Roger Marbeck I 555 John Belly, LL.D. 1572 Anthony Blencow, LL.T). 16 iq William Lewis, A. M, 1611 John Tolfon, S.T.P, i6'44 John Saunders 1552 Robert Say, S. T. P. 1691 George Roy fe, 5. T P, 1 708 George Carter, S.T.P, S h Ch. I. of the Umverjtty of Oxford. 'BISHOPS. 139^ Thomas Arundell Canterbury 1445 Richard Praty Chichefier 1443 John Carpenter Worcefler 1445 Walter Hart Norwich 1450 Regin. Peacock Chichefier 1459 John Halfe Z,. & Cov. 1 49 1 Thomas Cornilh 1660 Hugh Lloyd Landajfe Queen's'College. V-^^r TROFOSTS. Richard de Retteford Q!^^^^ JohndeHotham ^ College. 1351 Henry de Why tfield Thomas de Carlifle, ^. M, Roger Wheldale, A, M, 1420 Walter Bell, A.M. 1427 Rowland de Byrys, A. M, 1439 Thomas Eg lesfie Id, A.M. 1442 William Spencer, A.M. 1459 John Peyrfon, A.M. 1483 Henry Booft, A.M. 1 489 Thomas Langton, LL- D. 149^ ChriftopherBainbrigge, ^.M 1508 Edward Rigge, A. M. William Devenilh or Denys, ^/i, M» 1559 Hugh Hodgfon, A.M. 1561 Thomas Francis, M.D. 1553 Lancelot Shaw, S.T.B. 1565 Alan Scot, A. M- ■ T575 Bartholomew Bousfie Id, /.M. 1581 '492 Queens Coflefe The Antient andTrefent State Part II, T RQFQSTS. J 58 1 Hqnry Robinfon, S.T.P, J59P Henry Airay, S.T.B. 1616 Barnaby Potter, S.T.P, 1616 Chriftopher Potter, S.T.T» i54y Gerard Langbain, 5.7'. p. 1657 Thomas Barlow, S. T. P, 1577 Timothy Halton, S.T.P, 1 704 William Lancafter, 5. T. T, 13 IS HOTS. 1419 Roger Wheldale 1405 Henry Beaufort 1493 Thomas Langton i$oS Chriftppher Bainbrigge 1598 Henry Robinibn 1629 Barn. Potter 1 57 1 GuyCarleton x6'j6 Thomas Barlow 167 1 Henry Compton 1700 William Nicholfbn Carlijle IVintoH Winton Tork Carlijle Carlijle 'Briflol Lincoln. London Carlijle CHARTER-FELLOWS. William de Cundale William de Hawkefworth William de Palmorna William de Colynghani Thomas de Trumlhagh John de Dumbleton William de Renham Robert de Hard ley William de Heightelbury Regin. de Stratton William de Wantyng liugh de Mollyngton. New- Ch. I. of the Univerftty of Oxford; New-College. WAR'DENS, R' Ich. Toneworth Nic. Wickham 1393 Tho. Cranleigh, S.T.P, 1395 Rich. Malford, 5. T. B, 1403 JohnBouke, S.T.B» 1429 Will. Elcot, S. T. B. 1435 Nic. Ofyibury, S.T.B, 1453 Tho. Chaundler, S,T,P, n 1475 Walter Hill, X^. 1494 Will. Porter, S,T,B. , 1 520 John Reade, 5. T, B. 1 521 John Young, 5.T. P. 1526 John London, L.L.D. 1 542 Henry Cole, L. L. T). 1551 Ralph Skinner, A. M. 1553 Tho. White, L. L. D» f o"'"! 1573 Martin Culpepper, ^/. 2). r., ^i 1 599 George Ryves, 5. T. P. '; i5i 3 Arthur Lake, 5. T. P. 16 m Rob.Pynke, S.T.P, * 1 547 Henry Stringer, S. T. P* 1548 George Marilial, S. T. B, 1658 Mich. Woodward, S. T. P. 1575 John Nicolas, 5. T.P. 1^79 Hen. Beefton, L. L. D, 1 70 1 Rich. Traffics, L. L, D. 1703 Tho. Braithwait, L. I,, D^ 1712 John Cobb^ L. L, D. BI- « 494 T^^^ Antient artd "^relent State Part 11. CoUege. 'BIS HOTS. 1397 Tho. Cranleigh 1 41 4 Hen. Chichley 1443 Tho. Bekington 1447 Will. Waynfleefc . 14^2 John Kinglbote 1480 JohnRuffell 1 499 Tho. Jane 1 501 Hen. Deane 1504 Will. War ham 1504 Rich. Mayew 1 508 Rob. Sherbourne 1 5 1 7 John Younge 1522 Hugh Inge 1 541 Will. Knight 1554 John Holy man 1555 John Why te 1555 James Turbeville 1550 Tho. Younge 1589 John Underbill 1597 Tho. Bilfbn 1598 Hen. Rowlands 1616 Arthur Lake 1555 Alex. Hyde 1579 Will.Beaw 1674 Ralph Bridecke 1674 Peter Gunning 1584 Fran. Turner 1585 Tho. Kenn 1 708 Tho. Maningham 1 708 Charles Trimnel 1710 Phillip BifTe Will. Meyrick Lewis Owen Duhlin Cant, B.& Wells Winton Carlijle Lincoln Norxcich Cant. Cant. Hereford Chichefler CallipoUs Dublin B. & WeUs Briftol Winton Exon, Tprk Oxon, Winton Bangor B, & WeUs Sarum ■% Landaffie Cbich. ' Ely Ely B. & WeJU Chich. Norwich Hereford IJle of Man Titular Bijhop of Cafa Lincoln- Ch. I . of tie Univerfity of Oxfor d. tiJNCOLN^CoLLEGE. 495 Lincoln Cvflegr, 1435 1479 1488 I4P3 1503 1518 1538 1558 1560 1563 1574 1572 1590 1610 1668 1672 1685 RECTORS, William Chamberlain JohnBeke, S.T.B, John Triftroppe George Strangeways, S. T. j?. William Bethome, S, T. ?. Thomas Banke, 5. T. P. Thomas Drax, S.T.P, John Cottisford, 5. T. P. HughWefton, A.M. Chriftopher Hargireve, A. M, Hen. Henfhaw, B. T. *B. Francis Babington, 5. T. F. John Bridgwater, > A. M, John Tatham, A. M, John Underbill, 5. T*. P. Richard Kilby, A. Af. Paul Hood, S. T. P. Nath. Crew, LL,D, Thomas Marihal, S.T.P, Fitzherbert Adams, 5. 7". P. 'BIS HOTS, 1495 William Smyth 1509 John Penny i520 William Bifhop 1622 William GifFord i63(j JohnAtherton j66o Robert Sanderfon 1660 Henry Hall 1579 Nath. Crew LiticiAn CaHifle Chalcedon Waterford Lincoln DoTpn and Connor Durham Al l- 496 The AntieHt andTrefent State PartIL ^l^jLx All-Souls-College; urv^ W A ripens: 1437 T) Ichard Andrews, LL.D, i\ Roger Keys, LL.B, 1445 Wil^i^^ Kele, A, M. 1459 William Pdtman, LL.'D. 1^66 JohnStokys, ^. A/. 1494 Thomas Hobbys, A>M* 1503 William Brook 1524 JohnCoale, A.M. 1527 Robert Woodward 1533 Roger Stokely, j4. M^ 1535 John Warner, M.D. 1555 Seth Holland . . 1558 John Pope, LL.Bi Ditto Warner 1565 Richard Barber, LL.I), 1571 Robert Hoveden, ^.Af. i5i4 Richard Mocket, S.'T.P. j6iS Richard Aft ley, S.T.P. * i535 Gilbert Sheldon, S. T. P. 164.S John Palmer 1660 Ditto Sheldon 1 550 John Meredith, LL.D. 166% Thomas James, S.T.P. i685 Leopold William Finch 1702 Bernard Gardiner, LL.D, 'BISHOTS. 1455 Robert Stilllngton Bath and WeHi 1472 James Gold well Norwich 1554 Gilbert Bourne ^ath and Welis 1557 David Pole Tete/borough 1507 2ft.' »'^ (f the Univerfity of O^^OKD. ' -497 ''All-Souls 'Bis HOTS. Colleg-e. 1 570 Nicholas 'Bullingham 1580 JohnWatlbn 1 5 1 1 Giles Thompfon 1621 JohiiHanmer'' 1535 Roger Manwaring j66o Brian Duppa;^ ■" 1664 Gilbert Shei46n j66o Jeremy Taylour William lohnfbn Worcefier Winton ^ Giocefier' ^ j4faph 'I St. Davids Winton Canterbury jD.& Conmr Meath TTl Magdalene-College. ( ' n. T RES I'DE^JfS. '^^ \\\ r- John Horfley, S. T. B. Magdalene William Tibbard, 5. ^ '2?. ^ College. 148(5 tlichard Mayew5. T:p. ' ' L/^VNJ ! 504 John Clay mond, S.T.'Si.^ ' ^ ' ■ ('ri i'5id JohnHygden, ^.T.P.r^^' ^nrnodT Q^?r 1525 Laurence Stubbes, S.T. P. .';:X'^ -"'?' f-'f27 irhomas Knolles, S.T. P. ' •■ '"^r 15^35 Owen Oglethorp ^i'5 52 Walter Haddon, LL.D, f 1553 Ditto Oglethorp ' 1 5 5 5- Arthur Cole, 5. T. 5. 1558 Thomas Coveney l$6'i Laurence Humphrey, S.T, P., 1590 Nicholas Bond, 5. T! P. •' -^ '• ' lilToT John Harding, S.T P. ' ^ 1(5^1 o William Langton, 5. T. P, 1626 Acceptus Frewen, S.T.P,' *"^i(J44 John Oliver, S.T. P. 16^^ John Wilkinfon, 5. T ?. . ^^'^' Kk 1649 49^ T^^^ Anient 'and Trejjen^StaPB '^^vtl\ Cjjjlcge: p p^E S I %> E,NTS. 1.649 Thomas Good will J. 5, T. p.- ; :;^ ^^^w^ 1660 ]ohn Oliver refior'd , ; • 1 65 1 Ttiomas Pierce, S,%.P. 1671 Henry Clerk, A/. i).L,,.," .1687 John Hou gh, S. T. F.,] , j, ^ -, ? f. b i 1 7 00 John Rogers, S: T.P,.^,,. ,^^ -^ y .1702 Thomas Bayly, S.T.A. ^ -^T ^).7o6-Joi^ph Harwar, S,T)f^,\: 'BIS HdTS, 1502 Richard Fox Winton 1 5 1 4 WilliamjAtwaker 1 R J AdO .t Lincoln 1 5 1 5 Thomas Woolfey Tork 1520 John Voy fey -j, r. rryExon 1521 John Longland Lincoln ■ '. 1530 John Stokefley London IS 55 RegmaidPole - ^.v. , CV^ijzf . q 7 j^ j l^ .- \J 1555 George Cootes ^ v/ey£l/[J:-i£cC/?#^^Bl, 1556 Owen Oglethorp [^nom^vA^ ^^^^'^fifory 1559 Thomas Bentharn.j^ n5b--7Ur-^*;^ i'^i'^* I 570 William Bradbridgerjjj^g oorrs-f^'^ff^ ' r. ^ i 1573 William .Qyerton; ^[iQfiJI • ■ L.-^ *^ff«T 1581 John BuUinghanViod^si^L' ^^^^^fi^i 1584 Thomas Ood\vyiV,^Q|j]^P^fj - r, B. QT Jf^lls 1584 Thomas Cooper .^•tor'i'=»f-'' 5fc-^y Hum. Humphreys Hereford l585 John Lloyd St. Davids William Thomas Worcefier Wadham-College. WAR^D ENS. Wadham T) Obert Wright, 5. T. P, College. i<^i3 J\ John Flemming, S.T.B. * \6i6 William Smyth, 5. T. P. 1635 Daniel Efcot, S.T.P. 1 544 John Pit, S. T. "S. 1648 JohnWilkins. S.T.F. 1659 Walter Blandford, S.T.P, Gilbert Ironfide, S.T,P. 1689 ThomasDunfter, ^.r.'P. "B I SHOTS. 1660 Nicholas Monlc Hereford 1661 JohnGauden Worcefier 1657 Seth Ward Sarum 1^71 Walter Blandford Worcefier 1684 Thomas Sprat Rochefier 1689 Gilbert Ironfide Hereford 1713 Thomas Lindefay , Armagh CHARTER-FELLOWS. William Smyth, A.M. John Goodridge, A, M. Edward Drunkard, A, M, John Ch. I . (fthe Unlverfity o/Ox fo r d. 507 W*idham~ CHARTER^FELLOfVS. College John Pit, AM, James Harrington, A.M. Daniel Efcot Humphrey Sydenham Richard Pulefton Francis Strode Ralph Flexney - Thomas Harris William Payton C HART ER-SC HO LARS, Nicholas Brewin Robert Ellis Amias Hext John Wolley William Arnold Walter Stonehoufe William Bofwell John Willis John Fla veil Richard Tapper Alexander Huilh George Hill William Potter Pembroke-College. MASTERS. 1524 ry^Homas Clayton, M. D. Temhrole * 1^47 X Henry Wightwick, 5.r.:». CoUege, 1 547 Henry Langley, 5. T. P. 1 660 Wightwick refiord T664 John Hall, S.T.P. 1 709 - — ^ Brickenden, 5. T. P. 5o8 The Antient ondTrefent Stai;^ PartlL College. v; "B l S H O T S. 1 540 Edmund Bonner , London 1560 Thomas Young Tork 1614 John Phillips IpofMan ■16S9 John Hall £nJiol CHJRTER.FELLOIVS. Thomas Godwin Robert Payne Chrifiopher Tefdale Nicholas Coxeter Charles Sagar Thomas Weftley Henry Wightwick John Price William Lyford William Griffith CHARTER-SCHOLARS. John Lee William Reade Francis Dring Richard Allen John Bowles John Grace Thomas Milllngton . Humphrey Gvvynne Richard Kirfoate. ■ George Griiiith i.ta; A"^^- Ch. I . of the Umverfit)i ^OxfoK d. ^^o A r T Alban. 1437 TJ Ogei- Martyn, ^. ii/. ',,: - ' H38 J\ Robert Aihe, ^. ^. 1444 John Gygur, ^. il/., . ^ 1450 William Sbyrefe, A. M, 1452 Winiam Romfey, A.M, 1458 Thomas Danet, S. T. P. Richard Fitz- James 1501 Hugh Saunders, 5. Tl ?. — 1503 John For fter, A.M. 1507 John Bev^rftone, A.M, 1507 William By fie, A.M. lyop William Walker, A^M. 1 5 1 o John Poxwell, A. M, 1 5 14 John Hoper,. X /k/. v.i Simon Ball, A. M. / 1 527 Walter Buckler, A. M^ 1530 Robert Tay lour, A.M» 1532 William Pedyll, ^.M. 1534 Robert Huyck, M,D» 1535 Richard Smyth, A.sJ^. 1535 Humphry Burafordy a^. Af. . ,| -, 1543 John Eft wick,, e^.vl/. ;£;nodT . Robert Mafters, LZ/. Z>. Henry Maftersy A. aJM. i5i4 Anthony Morgan, nA. M, 1620 Richard Parker, S.T".?. 1624 Edward Chaloner 1625 Richard Zouch, LL,D. 1641 Sir Giles Sweit, LL,D, 1664 510 The Antient and Prejent State Part H. Jilhan Hall. PRINCITJLS. ur>rw 1664. Thomas Lamplugh, S. T.P.2 • 1573 NarcilTus Marfh, 5. T.P. " 1578 Thomas Bouchier, LL.D, 'BISHOPS. 1505 Richard Fitz- James London \6l6 Francis Gougn Limerick NarciiTus Marlh jirmagh rin T -- Hart-Hall. VRlNCSTALiS. „ Bart-Hall. 1 35© XTIcholas Hawe, A. M. ^^^^^^'^^^^^ 1378 XNl Richard Tonworth, ^., i*/- 1 38 1 Nicholas Wickham, A.M. .i^ilfiW 1384 Thomas Cranleigh, A. M. ii^^ioV, 1387 John Walter, A.r\j 1420 William Prenty, A.M. 1425 John Gorfich, A.^yii, 1425 John Heyth, A. M. 1 425 Richard Here, A. M, 1428 Ditto Heyth 1436 Michael Trewynard, A. M, 1438 JohnWeftlake, A.M. 1 44 1 Robert Care w, c^. ii/. 1 441 William Sende ^. i^. 1445 J<^^^ Andrews, A. M. 1448 Walter Windlbre, A.aJ^' 1 45 1 JohnTreganfon, A.M- 1453 William Summayfter, A. M, 1455 John Fermour, A. M, 1458 Richard Mayoth . " 1472 John Harrow, A.%JM, 1478 Walter Cowfe^ A.tM. • | V ^-i ' 1482 James Babbe, A.M. L «^i?.i i486 Ditto Cowfe '^^4 ?^£J 1488 Richard Paynter, A.M. i??.i 1495 Trot,' A.M. '^'^ 1495 William Glover, A.M. ':i I 501 John Rugge, A.M. - ci 1503 William "Ewey, A.M. ^Q^f 1505 John Parkhoufe, M.'2. ' QQEi 1510 Thomas Mede, A. M. - -^ ^<^ ^ ^ I 5 14 Thomas Iryifli, A.M. '^^^ ot^aI 1522 John Moreman, S^ T. B. '''^. •'-^>^ 1527 JohnWhyte, A.M. +^-f''^ 1535 John French, ^. A/.- fW Pf-^i 1541 Robert Bromhal), A.M. '^ '^4^^ 1544 William More, A> M. ^^•^■f 1545 Thomas Vivian, A.M- '-"'^ ^^^^ 1549 Phil. Rondell, M^S. '^] i^e^ 1599 John Eveleigh, -<^. A/. ' •^^t!" i(504 ^12 The Jntknt andTrefeni State PartIL Han HaU. T RINC IPALS^ 1 504 Theodore Price, A. M. j6ii Thomas lies, S. T. P, 1 6 S3 Philip Parfons, M.'D. 1653 Philip Stephens, ^. ^. 1.660 Timothy Baldwyn, LL»D, 1563 JohnLamphire, iV/. -O. 1588 William Thornton, A. M* 1707 Thomas Smith, S. T. P. 1 710 Richard Newton, 5. T. P. I / TRINClTe/LLS.^ Edmund 1 317 TOhn de Cornwall- Hall. 1 31 9 J Robert Luck %0^^V^^J 1325 John de Bere 1351 — Thorp 1 3 8 1 William Hamfterl^ 1385 Edward Uptou. '; 1390 William Tay lour 1397 Henry Circeft^r. 1399 Henry Rumworth 1 408 Henry Bermingdon 1410 Peter Clerk,. ^/^^^ Payne 1 41 4 John Darley, 5. T. B* 1434 William Britpiv. .-_ 1438 John Thamysv ,\ ,K ,''':-?i'T nrioj I451 Thomas Leigh 1478 Richard Brooke^ . . „■../. 1499 Humphry Wiftow, 5. 7!*. iP*.Tio'lT 1501 Thomas Cawfe .fijrril 1502 William Parinfon A] :-o\ l"-^I .r^N 8r|.i . x;4 l9.^1 )orjia >./-'f I ■^••inriDr^ 83fr .T — - ?QI-i mr/tdiW ?tP4.t ">I nfioL I D? I '-RilllVV fcri q r.'rloj ?o7'i •:;:m")ilT - ■ - ' ;rftorIT '..I riilof r/V:(.foj' 1528 Ch. I . of the Umverfity of Oxford, TRINCITJLS. 1 505 Chriftopher Falbwfield 1507 John Pyttys 1520 John Cuthbertfon, S.T.'B, 1528 Miles Braithwait 1530 William Robinfbn 1537 Ottewell Topping 1540 Thomas Peyrfbn, j4. M. 1 54(J Ralph Rudde, A. M. 1 569 Nicholas Cook, A, M. 1569 Nicholas PuUen, A. M, 1572 Phil. Johnfon, A.M. i%'j6 Henry Robinfbn, A.iJlf. 1 581 Thomas Bowsfield, A.M. 1 50 1 John Aglionby, S.T.P, 1610 John Ravvlinfon, S.T. P, 1 53 1 Adam Agray, S.T.P. 1658 Thomas Tully, S. T. P, 1675 Steph. Penton, A.M. 1^83 Thomas Crofthwait, S. T. P, 1685 John Mills, S.T.P. 1707 Thomas Peirlbn, S. T. P. St. Mary-Hall. T RINC IPJLS. I43<^ 1 X /"Illiam Croten, A.M. 1438 V V Henry Sampfon, A.M. 1445 Richard Wylcyer, A.M. 1450 John Smith, A. M, LI St. Mary^ Hall, 345^ 5 1 4 The Antlent and Trefent State Part II. St, Mary- HalL , PRINCITJLS. i4-";2 Henry Popy, J.M. 14.^8 Thomas Parys, ji.M. 1469 Thomas Sadler, j4.M. 1499 John Tay lour, ^. M. 1^02 Richard Vaughan, ^4, M. 1502 pichard Dudley, ^. M» 1506 Tho.Heretage, J.^JU. 151 1 William Brooks, y4. >^. 1521 Richard Lorgan, 5. T. P. 1530 Robert James, A. Af* 1537 William' Pye, ^.^. 1532 John Rixman, A- M. 1 543 Anthony Albon, A. M, 1546 Morgan Phillips, A.M. I 550 William Northfolk, A. a^. 1 5;; 3 William Wood, A.aJ^. 1555 \^^illiam Allyn, A- , Edm. Price, LL>B, ]ohn Eftmund, LLB, Fran. Bevans, LL.D, Robert Crane, LL,B, John Ferrar, A. M. John Budden, LL.D, Charles Twifden^ LLB, Robert Lodington, A. aJM. Chriftopher Rogers, 5. T. P* Chriftopher Prior, S, T. P. Ditto Rogers John Lamphire, M.I>, William Stone, LL.B, Thoitias Baily, 5. T, P. John Brabant, 5. T. P. 'BIS HOT S. 1541 Arthur Bulkley 1 561 Richard Davies 1566 Hugh Jones 1576 William Blethin i^5P Rowland Merick Banffor 5f . Davids Lmdaff' Landajf Ba?}gor Magda- Ch. I. cfthe Univer/tty of Oxford, 5 1 7 Magdalene-Hall. . itL. PRINCITJLS, Richard Barnes Kdvvard Grove 02 John Stokefley 05 John Longland 07 William Azard 09 Richard Stokes 1 1 John Kaley, X zJJI. 16 Henry Wytzyng 28 Robert Psrkhoufe 29 Chriftopher Rooks 32 John Burgefs, A. M. 35 John Green, A. M, 37 Richard Engeft 41 Simon Parret, A. M, 50 John Redman, A. M. 5 3 Thomas Coveney, A. M. 58 Adrian Hawthorn, A. M. JO Rob. Lyfter, A.M. & LL.B. 601 James Huffee, LL.T>. 505 John Wilkinfon, A.M. 643 Thomas Read, LL.D. 64.6 Ditto Wilkinfon 548 Henry Wilkinfon, 5- T. P. 661 James Hyde, M. D. 681 William Le vet, 5. r. P. 693 Richard Adams, M, D» 'BISHOPS, John Stokefley Londo?i John Longland Lincoln 1663 Jof Henfhaw Peter burgh 1668 Jobi Wilkins Chefier LI 3 Gvo- 5iS TJje AntientandTrefent State Part 11. Qlocefier' Glocester-Hall. Hall. TRINCITJLS. 1560 T TC T Illlam Stocker, S.T. B. 1553 VV Thomas palmer, ^.A/. 1564 Ditto Stocker 1575 Henry RufTel, u4. M. I J 79 Chriftopher Bagihaw, A, M, 1 581 John Delabere, <>Jkf. D, 1593 John Hawley, LL.D. 1626 Degory Whear, J. M; 1647 Tobias Garbrand, M. D, 1660 John Maplet, M.T>. 1662 By rom Eaton, S.T. P. Berf. WoodrofFe, S. T. P. 1712 Rich. Blechinden, LL, D. IN '/*t INDEX TO THE Firft Volume. A. ABelard, Peter, Author of the Nomina lifts. Page 119 Academies, vphence fo calCd^ p. 3, &c. See Univerfities Alban Hall, 445'. Prhici^als and BiJhapSy 5*09 Alfred, K. whether Founder of the Vniverjity of Oxford, 12. Only refioreditj 19. And aU lovp'd Stipends to Students, i 5^ 23 All-Souls College^ 334. Wardens and Bijhops^ 496 Arches Court. An Inhibition from thence to the Vniverjity, 1 67. Slighted by the Commiffary and Pro^ors, 168 Arch-Deacon o/Oxfbrd claims Ecclefiajtical Cog- niz^ance in the Vniverjity, 1 09 Andotle's Philofcphy firjl in Oxford, 75 Arminians and Calvinifts ^«"i;/<5/f theVniverfity, 207 Arts and Sciences almoji expiring, A. D. 1 272. 74, 172. Difcouraged by Papal Provifons, 97, A Summary of the Caufes of their Decay in Oxford, 153,16(5,185 Auftin Fryars. See Fryars. LI 4 B. INDEX to the First Volume. B. BAcon, Roger, 25, 74 Baliol College^ 259. TroBors^ Prwcipals, M^fters^ and Bipops, 485 "Benfiiices, horo proportioned to Degrees, 160. appropriated to Cathedrals ^ See. to the Difcou- ragement of Academical Learning, 1 66 Bibles, TfalterSy &c. to he printed by the Vniver- ftty,^ All Bodleian L/c'r^ry, 457. The Keepers of it, 463, 454 Brazen-nofe College, 376'. "Principals and Bi- Jhops, 499 Bailiffs of Oxford excommunicated for imprifon- ing Scholars, 66. And Burgejfes, 80, JSai' liffs do Penance for Breach of Privileges, 174 Burley, Walter, Tutor to King Edward 111. in Oxford, no C. CAerleon, Cambridge Scholars go to Jiudy there, i i 4 Cambridge Vniverfity refiored by Edward, Kinifiurbances, p8, &c. Crutched Try^LTs fettle ?'» Oxford, 121. Fryars go a- hroad for their tJMafters Degrees ^ 1 48 G. ST. Germaine comes to Oxford, 20 Glocefter //^//, 45 (J. Principals y 518 Grammarians and Mafters of Arts dif agree, 153 Greek LeBure founded in Magdalen, and fever al other Colleges, I 83 Grofthcad, Robert, Biflop of Lincolriy 55 Grymbald famous at Oxford, 12,19 H. HAines, Alderman^ Fomenter of a Sedition^ 175, &c. Halls and Inns let by the Townfmen to Scholars, 5 8, 59, 60, 94, 244. Their Number^ 97, 246'. 0/ Halls in general, 442 Mzn Hall, 447. Principals, 51O Heb. &c. Vide Oriental Tongues. K. Henry, Beauclerk, built a Palace at the Beaumonts in Oxford, and probably was edu- cated there, 28, 29 IC. Henry VI. educated in Oxford, founded Ea- ton and Kings College in Cambridse, 1 66 Hoveden the famous Hifiorian^ in Oxford, 35 I. I N D ]g X to the First Volume. I. K. James I. his Politicks, 2oS Jefus College y 42 1 . Principals andBiJJjops, Jews have a Synagogue or School in Oxford, 23. Commit a T^ot^ and are plunder''dj 24, 25 Ingulphus, an Oyiford Scholar, i59 K. K Night of Broadgate Hall preaches the Da* ^rine of T^jfiflance in Defence of Religion, 2IQ L. LAud, His Sermon ^f 5f. Mary'j, An. i5o5 excepted again fl, ic]. Oppofes Calvinifm, 210. ji Friend to the Vniverfity, 2 1 1 Learning. See Arts and Sciences. Havock made of it, 188 Legate'^ Houfe at Ofiiey ajfaulted by the Scholar s^ Lent, a Time of old remarkable for "RJots, i'j6 Library, Publick, 457, 4<^3j 4^9 Lincoln, the "Bijljop of, claims JurifdiBion over the Scholars, 57,61,79,83,88, 103, 158 Lincoln Co //t'^f, 324. Re^ors and Bijhops, 495 Logick, the Vfe of ^ it, q6 Lollardy defended in Oxford by Cromp, 149 Lawyers and *Thy(icians contend about Precedency^ 144, 169, 183, 202. Lawyers and other Students difagree, i 38, 1 50, 1 62, 1 70. Their Contefi with the Peafants of Yarnton, 1 7 1 Lutheranifm in Oxford^ A. D. 1 521; T78 M. INDEX to the First Volume. M. MAgdalene Ct;//^^f, 342. Trejldent and 14 Fellows turned out in Queen Mary V Reign, 189. Trejldent and 25 Fellows expell'd in K.]2imQs\Vs Reign, 373. Trefidents and'Bi- fjops, 497 Magdalene Hall^ 4^4. Principals and Bijhops, 517 ^Imsbury, William, ftudied in Oxford, j4.Tl. 1 104. 29 P. MartyrV TVife''s Bones digged up in Oxford, 190 Q. Mary'j Benefaclions to the Vniverfity, 189 Her Expuljion of many Members for refufwg to comply with Idolatry, 1 89 St. Mary Hall, 452. Principals, 5 1 3 Mayor of Oxford made the King's 'Butler at the Coronation, 3 4 Memprick, 9 Merton College, 272. Wardens and Bijlwps, 487 Monks caufe Difiurbance in Oxford, 139 Morris, DoBor of Canon Law, imprifon'd and ex- pell d for Contempt of the Chancellor^ 1 75 Muleum Afhmoleanum, 47 ^ N. STt Neot, an eminent Divine in Oxford, 20 New College, 303. Wardens and BiJIwps, 49f>. ^ Compoftion between the Vniverfity and Founder hereof^ 315 Kevv-Inn Hal], 453. Principals and BiJIwps, 515- Nominaies and Reales, two Se^s of Logicians, up Noorivagation. See Watch and Ward. jNorthampton, allowed by the King to be a Vni- verfity, 6^. Scholars retire thither, 69. And fight the King's Forces, 70. 'But return to Oxford, , 71 O, INDEX to the First Volume. O. OCWiam, 1 20 Oriel College, 285. Provofis and Bijhops^ 490 Oriel College dif agree in the Choice of a Trovofi, I45> I4<5 Oriental Tongues appointed by Clement V. to be taught in Oxford, i o5, 1 95 Ofney, the Epifcopal See tranjlated from thence to Chrift-Church, 404 Oxford burnt y A.D. 1 190. p.34. Another dread- ful Fire, A.D. i 235. p. 43. Two Bailiff's and 8 Burgejfes created A.D. 1255. P« 57 Oxford Vniverjity, the Antiquity of it, 9, 10, &c. u4 Place of Learning before A'.Alfred'j Tme,ip, DoSbors and Maflers here may be LeBurers and Regents in any other Vniverfty, 89. Exempted from ordinary Jurifditlion, 93. Sends Deputies cr Syndicks to the Council of Conftance, 1 5o. Receives a Command from the Pope to fend them to the Council of Baiil, 1 5i P. PApal Bulls to the Vniverfity loft, 1 73 Paris, Students remove from thence to Ox- ford, 39 parliament, Members for the Vniverfities firfi granted, 202. Parliaments^ Councils and Terms held in Oxford, 240 Pembroke College, 435. Maflers and Bijljops, f07 Phyficians College in London, the Rife of it, 1 84 Phyfick-Garden, 473 l^h^ue very grievous in Oxford, 123, &C. 201 Plantagenet, Edmund, builds a Houfefor Fryars in Oxford, 85. Popery declines in Oxford, 183 Precinels of the Chancellor'' s JurifdiBion^ 154 Principals o///^//j, by whom appointed, 443 Print- 1 N D B X to the First Volume. Printinii-Houre, 472,475. Of the Antiquity of Printings 478, &C. Priviler^ed Pfr/tfwj, 164 privileges and Power of the Chancellor ^ &c. over the City, nn, '78,8^, 92, 98, 103, 104, 107, 1 08. Granted by E-dward III. \ t o, &c, i i 8, 125,1 29, &C. 132, 154. And by fucceeding Kings, 1 40, 172, 1 8 r . zAll ratified by Hen- ry VIII. 185. and O^ Mary, i 90 Proftors to be 8 Tears fanding Maflers, 1 85 Provifions, Pa^al, their Mij chief, 97, 153, i65, 167 Pro fefTo rs Tublick^ in Divinity, Greek, Hebrew, their Stipends from Chrift-Church, 405 PuUein, Robert, flourijljed in Oxford, A. D, 1 1 34. ^ ^ 30 Proftors of the Vniverfity depriv'd of their Office for receiving an Appeal, 2 1 o Quarrels between the Scholars and Townfmen^ A.D. 1209, p. 27, 36^^, 37. A. D. 1232. p.41. A.D. 1235. p.43. A.D.1248. p.45. Again, p. 49, 58. A. D. 1263. p. (^7,80,82. A.D. T 297. p. 90, 92,95. T?7f great Quarrel on St. ScholaflicaV Day, A.D. i 354- p.25,&c. How ended, 132. Other Quarrels, i58, 173, 174, 175, 179, 200, 203. Jnfolence of the Townfmen in 164.0. 212 Queens College, 292. parrel about their Pro-^ vofi, 141. Provofirs and Bifiiops, 491 R. REformation of Religion, the Effefts of it itt the Vniverfity, 1 82 — I %6, i 90 — 1 94* JC. Richard I. born in Oxford, very kind to it^ 32,34 I N D E X to the First Volume> S. Scholars of old had no dlfiinB Habits, 244. their prefent Number living on the Revenues of Colleges are about \ooo, 245 Scholars, 30000 in Oxford about the Tear 1231, p. 40, 91. NoL'th-Engliih and Irifh Scho- lars quarrel y 50. As alfo Welch, Scotch, and North- Englijh, 6ij 63, 71, 77. Num- ber of Scholars reckoned i /^OOO about the Tear 1263. p. ^6, Of what Nitionsy 97. Nor- thern and Svithern Men o^uarrel, 103, I0(5", 120,145, T47, 170. And Mafvcrs and Ju- niors , 111. Few Scholars in Ox ford, 123,125. 6000 Students^ A.D. i36'o. p 135. Lawyers and other Students quarrel, 138, 1 52 Scholaftica, the Quarrel m that Day, 116, 2pO, How ended , J32 School-Divinity, burnt, igg Schools, Public^, 4<5c> Scotus, Duns, 119 Sermons on Sundays and Holydays, zind by the Ca- nons of Chrift-Church, 198. Sermons to be delivered up to the fice-Chanccllor on his De- mand, 111 Somers, Lord, his Character by Dr. Bathuril, 41 5 Stamford, the Scholars Reccfs thither, 114. Th^y 0re recaWdby the King, 116. What Founda- tion for a Vniverpty at Stamford, 117,118 Suits Perfonal, cogniz.able by the Chancellor, where one Party is a Scholar, I^p Supremacy of the King own'd by theVniverfity,itl THeatre, 471 Triniry College, 410. Trefidents and £lpops, "503 UNiverfitieS in general, and the Re aCon iff the Name^ p. l^6iC, Thel^ture, Laws, and Govern-^ ' <^ . INDEX to the First Volume. Government of fuch SocictieSy 4, 5, 5. 71?^ j4rts and Sciences taught in them^ 7, 8 Univerfity College, 247. Its Fiftors, 258. Mafiers and 'BiJhopSj 483 VAcarius, a famous Profejfor of Law in Ox- ford, 33 Vatican Library, founded by Pope Nicholas, 167 Vifitation of the Vniverjity by Royal CommijfionerSy 183. F"i/ited by 'Delegates in virtue of the Le- gatine Power, 190, 191. ^nd Parliament De- legates, 11^ — 217, &c. OfM.'&^ 1 5 ^ Wightwick, deprived by the Parliament Fiftorf ofthe Mafierjhip of Fembroke College, 230 William the Conqueror withdraws Alfred*/ 5r;- pends, 23 Wme, how to be fold in Oxford, 113 Woolfey does good Offices for theVniverfity pith Henry VIII. 174, iVSr"!?? FINIS. 'V-^ ,ykj3r^^ \ % *'' H^:A ■ ] ( I ''■I r i /.•; f X- ' ■-'% l« . ■• '♦.