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ENGRAVINGS 
 
 OF 
 
 THE ARTERIES. 
 
 BY J. P. HOPKINSON, M. D. 
 
 DEMONSTRATOR OF ANATOMY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF 
 PENNSYLVANIA, &C. &C. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 PUBLISHED BY J. G. AUNER, 
 No. 333 Market Street. 
 
 1833, 
 
\-\'<D r p ^ ^ 
 
 ZZUttVttS, 
 
 According to Act of Congress, in tire year one thousand eight hundred and 
 thirty-three, by J. P. HOPKLNSON, M. D. in the Clerk’s Office of the District 
 Court, for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 
 
TO 
 
 WILLIAM E. HORNER. M. D. 
 
 PROFESSOR OF ANATOMY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF 
 PENNSYLVANIA, &c. kc. 
 
 My Dear Sir, 
 
 The great interest you evince in anatomical 
 pursuits, and the indefatigable exertions, for the instruction of 
 your pupils, that characterize your course of lectures, induce 
 me to hope that any effort to facilitate the progress of the student 
 of anatomy, will meet with a favorable reception at your hands. 
 This little production, however, advances another claim to your 
 kind attention, since the “ Special Anatomy” has been assumed, 
 mainly as a guide in its composition. Should the former be found 
 worthy to attend the latter, the great object in its construction 
 must be accomplished. 
 
 With assurances of the highest esteem and personal regard, 
 
 I remain your’s sincerely, 
 
 J. P. HOPKINS®*, M. D. 
 
 Philadelphia, January 1, 1833, 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2016 
 
 ■ 
 
 a 
 
 https://archive.org/details/engravingsofarte01hopk 
 
 
V 
 
 ADDRESS 
 
 TO THE AMERICAN STUDENT OF MEDICINE. 
 
 In putting forth this collection of drawings, illustrating the distribution of tha 
 arterial system, it is to you that I now address myself, as it is for you that the 
 work was undertaken. Numerous as are the treatises on the subject of the arte- 
 ries, accurate and elegant as may be the engravings accompanying them, they 
 are generally much too expensive to find a place on the table of the medical 
 student, whose means (often limited,) should be most ample, to meet, all the 
 demands made upon them, during the course of a medical education. 
 
 Such engravings, too, being more calculated to revive particulars which had 
 only escaped the memory, than to impress them originally, are better placed in 
 the hands of a graduate who once knew them, than of a student who has yet to 
 learn them. Being executed on a grand scale, and with much pretension, the 
 difficulty of reference is exactly so much the greater. The more perfect and 
 complete the work, in fine, the less is it calculated to render assistance to a be- 
 ginner in the study, who requires simplicity and conciseness of description, and 
 facility of reference. This is not said with a view to detract from the merit of 
 any such work, but rather as an apology for offering a production, in many re- 
 spects so inferior to its predecessors. 
 
 Since I have been engaged in teaching anatomy, I have constantly remarked 
 the great difficulty encountered by the student in learning the arterial ramifica- 
 tions, and how easily he forgot them. This, I believe, has arisen from the im- 
 proper mode in which he undertook to learn them : I will therefore offer a 
 remark on this subject. 
 
 There are two ways in which the arteries are studied : The one consists in 
 
 committing to memory, merely, the names of the main trunks — the branches 
 that come off from them, and the order of their succession : This is book anato- 
 my. The other is the dissecting and tracing out the arteries in connection with 
 the muscles, nerves, &c. that surround them : This constitutes surgical anatomy. 
 The first prepares, simply, for an examination : the second for actual practice. 
 Now it unfortunately happens, in the usual course of instruction, that the latter 
 mode, if ever pursued at all, is made to precede the former. Thus, during the 
 first winter, the student goes through his dissecting campaign, and gets some 
 general ideas of anatomy — seldom more. The second winter arrives, and he is 
 a candidate ! — He has no time to dissect now : the time is too precious for that : 
 he must read over the lectures — anatomy among the rest. Now it is, that he 
 pores over the muscles — the nerves — the arteries &c. and perhaps commits them 
 to memory. Upon this he graduates, and commences the practice of surgery ! 
 — Is not this an occurrence of every year, and is it not to be regretted ? I will 
 not here urge upon you the importance of dissections, but merely suggest a plan, 
 by which you may acquire a more useful knowledge of the vascular and ner- 
 vous systems, at least. Suppose you reverse the order generally adopted, and 
 
VI 
 
 study them first, learning them by rote, if you will, (since this seems so essential,) 
 so that you can enumerate all the principal branches, as they come off in succes- 
 sion ; you may then proceed to the dissection, with more ability to trace them, and a 
 better chance of recollecting them, in their most important relations to other parts. 
 
 Generally, the main object of pursuit with the young anatomist, is the mus- 
 cular system, because it is less difficult, and affords more employment to the 
 hands and knife ; and seldom does he finish his first subject, with more than a 
 general knowledge of the muscles, and the contents of the gTeat cavities. If, 
 however, you endeavor from the very commencement, to learn somewhat of the 
 arteries and nerves, while engaged in dissecting the muscles, or can accomplish 
 so much, as once to know them well in this way, all the associations of this first 
 dissection, will be easily revived by the book ; — and thus it will assist you, 
 which is, perhaps, all that it can do. Now, it is with the hope of facilitating the 
 accomplishment of both these objects, in relation to the arterial system, that this 
 work has been undertaken, of which I shall next say a few words. 
 
 The plan adopted, consists in a duplicate representation of the arteries. In 
 the one, the outline only is presented, with a view of assisting the memory, 
 in retaining the order of their origin from the principal trunks, and of imparting 
 some preparatory knowledge. In the other, as much of the vessels as can be 
 seen in their relative position to the muscles, is displayed in a representation of 
 the part of the body to which they are distributed. In neither of these is per- 
 fect accuracy made an object, and much less in the former than in the latter. 
 Preciseness is often made subordinate to the more important consideration, of 
 avoiding confusion, as actual dissection is all essential, and will easily correct 
 such inaccuracies. 
 
 In the outline representing the arterial ramifications only, my object has been 
 to represent what may be considered the first lesson, in which every thing is 
 sacrificed to clearness of comprehension. 
 
 These are, in fact, merely copies from my common place book ; of the dia- 
 grams, I have long been in the habit of using in my lectures, and of the utility 
 of which, I am able to adduce from experience, the strongest evidence. One 
 addition has been made, to which I would specially invite attention. The va- 
 rious anastomoses of the arteries, constitute so important a part of their history, 
 particularly in relation to surgical operations, where sometimes the regular chan- 
 nel is interrupted, and the blood obliged to find a new route, that I have intro- 
 duced from authorities all the principal anastomoses and communications, exist- 
 ing among the branches. This will be useful, by becoming at any moment an 
 easy reference on that point. 
 
 Such as it is, this work has been made for you, and not for the author. Every 
 unnecessary expense, and all useless display, have been avoided, to place it with- 
 in the reach of every one, and to make it the student’s companion in the dis- 
 secting room. 
 
 That these anticipations may not be unfounded, is the hope of 
 
 your Friend, 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
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7 
 
 Plate I. EXTERNAL CAROTID. 
 
 A. The common Carotid, which divides just above the thyroid 
 cartilage, into the two following : — 
 
 B. Internal Carotid, enlarged at its root, and situated more 
 externally than the next. 
 
 C. External Carotid, which penetrates into the parotid gland, 
 and at the neck of the lower jaw, divides into internal max- 
 illary and temporal. 
 
 D. Internal Maxillary. 
 
 E. Great Temporal. Emerging from the parotid gland, it passes 
 between the ear and the zygoma, and divides into an ante- 
 rior and a posterior branch. 
 
 1. Superior Thyroid. Distributed to the larynx and thyroid 
 gland, anastomosing with the other arteries of this gland. 
 
 2. Laryngeal Branch of Sup. Thyroid. Supplying interior of 
 larynx, and crico thyroid membrane. 
 
 3. Lingual. Distributed as Dorsalis linguae, Sublingual and 
 Ranina, to soft palate tonsils, sublingual gland, and tongue. 
 
 4. Facial. Emerging from within the lower jaw, it winds around 
 its base to become superficial, and is distributed by the fol- 
 lowing five branches : — 
 
 5. First, Submental, to the muscles inserted into the chin j 
 anastomosing with its fellow, inferior coronary, &c. 
 
 6. Second, Inf. Labial: To the middle of the chin, sometimes 
 wanting. 
 
 7. Third, Inf. Coronary : To the lower lip and the chin, anas- 
 tomoses with its fellow. 
 
 8. Fourth, Sup. Caronary : To the upper lip, and anterior naris j 
 anastomoses with its fellow. 
 
 9. Fifth, Nasal: To the ala nasi. The facial terminates at the 
 internal canthus, anastomosing with the ophthalmic. 
 
 10. Inf. Pharyngeal. To the muscles and mucous lining of the 
 pharynx. 
 
 11. Occipital. Deeply situated beneath the muscles of the mas- 
 toid process. Goes to back of head : anastomoses with the 
 vertebral posterior temporal and its fellow. 
 
 12. Post. Auricular. To the external ear, and side of the head. 
 
 13. Transverse of the Face. To the muscles, on the side of face ; 
 anastomoses with facial and infra orbitar. 
 
 14. Middle Temporal. Passes over zygoma, penetrates tempo- 
 ral aponeurosis, and anastomoses with deep seated temporals. 
 
 15. Anterior Temporal. To superior and anterior portion of 
 cranium, anastomoses with the opthalmic and with its fellow. 
 
 16. Posterior Temporal. To superior and posterior portion of cra- 
 nium, anastomoses with the occipital and other temporals. 
 
8 
 
 Plate II. INTERNAL MAXILLARY. 
 
 A. External Carotid. B. Great Temporal. 
 
 C. Internal Maxillary : concealed by the lower jaw and zygo- 
 matic arch. It passes first horizontally, next rises up, and 
 then passes obliquely forward, to terminate at the spheno 
 palatine foramen. It is distributed by the following thirteen 
 branches. 
 
 1. Tympanic. Through the glenoid fissure to the tympanum. 
 
 2. Small Meningeal. Through foramen ovale, to the dura mater. 
 Often a branch of the next. 
 
 3. Great Meningeal. Through foramen spinale, to dura mater ; 
 also to interior of the ear. 
 
 4. Inf. Dental, or Maxillary. Through posterior mental fora- 
 men to the lower jaw and teeth, anastomosing with facial. 
 
 5. Post. Deep Temporal. Beneath temporal muscle, anasto- 
 mosing with other temporals. 
 
 6. Pteregoid. Several branches to the pteregoid muscles. 
 
 7. Baccal. To the buccinator muscle, and mucous membrane 
 of the cheek. 
 
 8. Ant. Deep Temporal. Beneath temporal muscle, anastomo- 
 sing with other arteries of this muscle. 
 
 9. Sup. Alveolar , or Maxillary. To antrum. Large and small 
 molar teeth of upper jaw. 
 
 10. Infra Orbitar. Through infra orbitar canal : to antrum. 
 Bicuspid and incisor teeth : anastomoses with facial and op- 
 thalmic. 
 
 11. Sup. Palatine. Through posterior palatine canal: to soft 
 palate and roof of the mouth. 
 
 12. Sup. Pharyngeal. To the upper part of the pharnyx. 
 
 13. Spheno Palatine. Through spheno palatine foramen, to 
 Schneiderian membrane. 
 

 
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9 
 
 Plate III. SUBCLAVIAN AND AXILLARY. 
 
 A. Aorta. From its origin at the heart. 
 
 B. Innominata. The root of the right carotid and right sub- 
 clavian. 
 
 C. Left carotid. Arising directly from the aorta. 
 
 D. Left Subclavian. The next trunk, coming from the aorta. 
 
 E. E. Axillarry. The continuation of the subclavian. 
 
 1. Vertebral. Passing to the foramen, in the transverse process 
 of the sixth cervical vertebra. Ascends to the brain. 
 
 2. Inferior Thyroid. Sending off the ascending cervical, and 
 then passing beneath the carotid and jugular, to the thyroid 
 gland, there anastomosing freely. 
 
 3. Superior Intercostal. To the two upper intercostal spaces. 
 
 4. 4. Internal mammary. To the diaphragm and abdominal 
 muscles. It anastomoses with the intercostal arteries, and 
 with the epigastric. 
 
 5. Post. Cervical. Crosses the neck, to the muscles of the sca- 
 pula, above. 
 
 6. Sup. Scapular. From axillary : to back of scapula. Anas- 
 tomoses with scapular artery. 
 
 7. Sup. Thoracic. 
 
 8. Long Thoracic. 
 
 9. Acromial Thoracic. 
 
 10. Axillary Thoracic. 
 
 11.11. Scapular. To the muscles of the scapula : Teres : sub- 
 scapular, &c. 
 
 External mammary arteries, to the 
 ^ parietes of the thorax and the axilla. 
 ^ Anastomosing with the interior mam- 
 mary and the intercostals. 
 
 12. Dorsal Branch. To back of scapula : anastomoses with 
 superior scapular. 
 
 13. Anterior Circumflex. Surrounds neck of humerus in front : 
 to deltoid and shoulder joint : anastomoses with scapular 
 and the next. 
 
 14. Posterior Circumflex. Passing posteriorly around neck of 
 humerus, to shoulder joint and deltoid: anastomoses with 
 anterior circumflex, and scapular arteries. 
 
10 
 
 Plate IV. ARTERIES OF THE ARM AND HAND. 
 
 A Brachial. B. Radial. C. Ulnar. 
 
 1. Sup. Deep Humeral , (Profunda major.) Winds around back 
 of the arm, to get to exterior condyle : anastomoses with ra- 
 dial recurrent. 
 
 2. Inf. Deep Humeral , (Profunda minor.) Inner side of arm and 
 internal condyle. 
 
 3. Nutritious Artery. Through medullary foramen, to os humeri. 
 
 4. Anastomotic. Upon internal condyle, to anastomose with 
 ulnar recurrent. 
 
 5. Radial Recurrent . Around exterior condyle, to anastomose 
 with profunda major. 
 
 6. Superficial Branch to Ballof the Thumb. (Superficialis Volae.) 
 
 7. Dorsal branch to the carpus. (Dorsalis Carpi.) 
 
 8. Great Artery of the thumb. (Magna pollicis.) Along the 
 palmar surface of the thumb. 
 
 9. Radial Branch of fore finger, (Radialis Indicis.) Along outer 
 side of fore finger. 
 
 10. Deep seated Arch. (Arcus Profundus.) Situated beneath 
 flexor tendons. 
 
 11. Ulnar Recurrent. Around external condyle. Anastomoses 
 with the anastomotic. 
 
 12. Interosseal. On interroseous ligament. Divides into anterior 
 and posterior branches. 
 
 13. Recurrent Branch of Interrosseal. To back of elbow, anas- 
 tomosing with radial recurrent and deep humeral. 
 
 14. Dorsal Bracli , to back of the hand. (Dorsalis Manus.) 
 
 15. Deep Ulnar branch. (Cubitalis manus profunda.) To join 
 arcus profundus. 
 
 16. Superficial Arch. (Arcus Sublimis.) Situated between pal- 
 mar aponeurosis and flexor tendons. 
 
 17. 17. 17. Digital Branches. To sides of fingers. Anastomose 
 
 freely at their extremities. 
 
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11 
 
 Plate V. AORTA. 
 
 A. Semilunar valves of Aorta, and coronary arteries. 
 
 B. B. Termination of Aorta in common Jliacs. 
 
 1. Arteria Innominata. The common root to the right sub- 
 clavian and right carotid. 
 
 2. 2. Two Vertebruls. 3. Left Carotid. 4. Left Subclavain. 
 
 5. 5. Bronchial. To the lungs. 
 
 6. 6. Ten lower Intercostals. Anastomosing with internal mam- 
 mary. The last with the lumbar and circumflexa ilii. 
 
 7. Phrenic. To Diaphragm and liver. Anastomoses with inter- 
 nal mammary and intercostals. 
 
 8. Cceliac. Divides into three following branches. 
 
 9. Sup. Gastric, or Coronary : to stomach. 
 
 10. Splenic : to spleen. 11. Hepatic : to liver. 
 
 12. Sup. Mesenteric. To small intestines. 
 
 13. 13. Emulgents : to kidnies. 
 
 14. 14. Lumbar Arteries. To abdominal muscles and medulla 
 
 spinalis, anastomose with epigastric, circumflex of ilium and 
 gluteal. 
 
 15. 15. Spermatic. To testicle or ovarium. 
 
 16. Inf. Mesenteric. To large intestines. 
 
 17. Sup. Hemorrhoidal. To the rectum: anastomoses with other 
 haemorrhoidal and lateral sacral. 
 
 18. Middle Sacral. To sacrum. 
 
 19. Epigastric. To rectus abdominis : anastomoses with internal 
 mammary, lumbar, intercostals, and spermatic. 
 
 20. Internal Mammary : anastomoses with phrenic, intercostal, 
 and epigastric. 
 
 21. Circumflex of Ileum : anastomoses with ileo lumbar, internal 
 mammary, lumbar, and intercostal. 
 
12 
 
 Plate VI. EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL ILIACS. 
 
 A. Aorta. B — B. Common Macs. C. Ext. Mac. 
 
 D. Int. Mac. E. PouparCs Ligament. F. Foramen Ovale. 
 
 1 — 1. Middle Sacral. Down middle of sacrum to coccyx. 
 
 2 — 2. Ileo Lumbar. To iliacus and quadratus muscles : anas- 
 tomoses with circumflexa ilii and lower lumbar aiteries. 
 
 3 — 3. Jjateral Sacral. To interior of spinal canal : anastomoses 
 with middle sacral. 
 
 4 — 4. Obturator. Passes through obturator foramen to hip 
 joints, and to muscles on inner side of thigh : anastomoses 
 with ischiatic, and surrounds obturator foramen. 
 
 5. Dotted line ; representing obturator arising from epigastric. 
 
 6. Middle ILsemorrhoidal. To lower part of rectum, prostate 
 gland, &c. 
 
 7. Vesical. To bladder. From root of umbilical artery of fetus. 
 
 8. Uterine. In female, to uterus : anastomoses with arteries of 
 uterus, o.varium,and fallopian tubes. 
 
 9 — 9. Gluteal. Through ischiatic foramen, to glutei muscles : 
 anastomoses with ischiatic and femoral. 
 
 10 — 10. Ischiatic. Through sacro-sciatic notch, to hamstring 
 muscles : anastomoses with branches of femoral. 
 
 11. Internal Pudic. Branch of preceding. Passes out of pelvis 
 and returns between two sacro-sciatic ligaments. 
 
 12. Lower Ileemorrhoidal. To sphincter ani muscle. 
 
 13. Perineal. Transversely across the perineum. 
 
 14. Urethro-Bulbar. To corpus spongiosum urethrae, at the bulb. 
 
 15. Dorsal Branch. To back of penis. 
 
 16. Cavernous Artery. To cellular structure of penis. 
 
 17. Circumjlex of the Ilium. To iliacus internus, and abdominal 
 muscles; anastomoses with ileo-lumbar, internal mammary, 
 and lumbar arteries. 
 
 18. Epigastric. To rectus abdominis muscle : anastomoses with 
 interior mammary, lumbar, and lower intercostals. 
 
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13 
 
 Plate VII. FEMORAL AND T1BIALS. 
 
 A. PouparPs Ligament. B. Femoral. C. Profunda. 
 
 D. D. Tendinous insertion of triceps. E. . interior Tibial. 
 
 F. Posterior Tibial. 
 
 1. Subcutaneous of abdomen. (Art. ad cutem abdominis ;) anas- 
 tomosing with epigastric and interior mammary. 
 
 2. External Pudics. To penis and scrotum : or labium ex- 
 ternum. 
 
 3. Extern. Circumflex. To glutei: vastus externus, cruralis, 
 knee and hip joints ; anastomoses with gluteal, ischiatic, and 
 articular arteries. 
 
 4. Intern. Circumflex. To adductor and hamstring muscles 
 and hip joint : anastomoses with obturator, and external 
 circumflex. 
 
 5. 5. 5. 5. Four Perforating. Passing through triceps tendon to 
 
 gluteus magnus, and flexor muscles of thigh : anastomoses 
 with external circumflex, gluteal, and ischiatic. 
 
 6. Anastomotic. To inner side of knee joint : anastomoses 
 with the articular. 
 
 7. 7. 7.7. 7. Five Articular. From Popliteal to knee joint, in- 
 
 ternally and externally. 
 
 8. 8. Gastrocnemial. To two heads of gastrocnemius muscle. 
 
 S. Recurrent Tibial. To anastomose with articular arteries. 
 
 10. Int. Malleolar. To inner side of ancle joint. 
 
 11. Ext. Malleolar. To outer side of joint: anastomoses with 
 peroneal and tarsal. 
 
 12. Tarsal. To outer surface of tarsus : anastomoses with ex- 
 ternal malleolar, external plantar, and metatarsal. 
 
 13. Metatarsal. To metatarsus : anastomoses with branches of 
 external plantar. 
 
 14. Dorsal of Great Toe, (Dorsalis Hallucis.) To back of great 
 toe, and outer side of next toe. 
 
 * Termination of anterior tibial, passing to the sole of the foot 
 to join plantar arch. 
 
 15. Peroneal or Fibidar. From posterior tibial, down to ankle 
 and outer side of foot : anastomoses with anterior tibial. 
 
 16. Nutritious. To the tibia. 
 
 17. Int. Plantar. Along inner side of foot to the great toe: 
 anastomoses with dorsalis. 
 
 18. Ext. Plantar. Crosses sole of foot to outer margin. 
 
 19.19. Plantar Arch. Sending perforating arteries to interosseal 
 
 muscles : anastomoses with metatarsal arteries $ terminates 
 in anterior tibial. 
 
 20. 20. 20. 20. Four Digital Arteries. Arising from platar arch 
 to supply the toes. 
 
14 
 
 Plate VIII. FCETAL CIRCULATION. 
 
 A. A. The liver. 
 
 Fig. I. 
 
 B. Vena cava, ascendens. 
 
 1. Umbilical Vein. Running in the umbilical fissure, to open in 
 left branch of sinus venae portae. 
 
 2 — 2. Vena Portae. Dividing to form the Sinus. 
 
 3 — 3. Left branch of sinus venae portae. 
 
 4. Right branch of sinus venae portae. 
 
 5. Left hepatic vein. 
 
 6. Ductus Venosus. Conveying blood from umbilical vein, into 
 
 left hepatic vein, and thus into vena cava. 
 
 5. 5. Branches of pulmonary artery, to right and left lungs. 
 
 6. Ductus Arteriosus. Conveying blood from pulmonary artery 
 
 into aorta. 
 
 7. 7. Great trunks from aorta, to supply head and upper ex- 
 
 tremities. 
 
 A. A. Right auricle and ventricle, communicating by ostcum 
 
 venosum. 
 
 B. B. Left auricle and ventricle ; also communicating. 
 
 1. 1. Superior and Inferior venae cnvae. 
 
 2. Eustachian Valve. Directingtheblood toward the foramen ovale. 
 
 3. Foramen Ovale. Forming a communication between the two 
 
 auricles. 
 
 4. Valve in left auricle, opposed to foramen ovale, and subse- 
 
 quently closing it. 
 
 5. Pulmonary Veins. Returning blood from lungs to left auricle. 
 
 Fig. II. 
 
 1. Right ventricle of foetal heart. 
 3. 3. Aorta. 
 
 2. Left ventricle. 
 
 4. Pulmonary Artery. 
 
 Fig. Ill, 
 

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15 
 
 Plate IX. CiELIAC ARTERY. 
 
 Fig. I. 
 
 1. Cseliac Trunk. 2. Hepatic, to liver and gall bladder. 
 
 3. Right Gastro Epiploic. To right extremity of the stomach. 
 
 Branch of the hepatic. 
 
 4. Superior Gastric , or Coronary. To cardia, and upper curve 
 
 of stomach. 
 
 5. Splenic, which supplies the pancreas, in its course to the 
 
 spleen. 
 
 6. 6. Vasa Brevia. From cul de sac of the stomach. 
 
 7. Left Gastro Epiploic. Termination of splenic, to great cur- 
 
 vature of stomach. 
 
 8. Branches passing into the spleen. 
 
 Fig. II. Arteries of Colon. 
 
 A. Superior Mesenteric. B. Inferior Mesenteric. 
 
 1. Ileo Colic. To caput coli, and termination of ileum. 
 
 2. Right Colic. To right ascending colon. 
 
 3. Middle Colic. To transverse colon. Terminates in superior 
 
 left colic branch. 
 
 4. Superior Left Colic. To transverse colon, completing the 
 
 great colic arch. 
 
 5. Middle Left Colic. To ascending colon. 
 
 6. Inferior Left Colic. To sigmoid flexure. 
 
 7. Superior Hxmorrhoiclal. To rectum. Being the termination 
 
 of inferior mesenteric. 
 
 8. Great Colic Arch. 
 
 Fig. III. Vena Portie. 
 
 A. Vena Cava. B. Vena Porte. C. Sinus Vense Porte. 
 
 1. Superior Mesenteric Vein. 
 
 2 . Inferior Mesenteric Vein. 
 
 3. Splenic Vein. Receiving also those from left end of stomach, 
 
 and from the pancreas. 
 
 4. Superior Gastric, or Coronary. 
 
 5. 5.5. Three Venos Cavx Hcpaticx. From liver, opening into 
 
 vena cava.