TREASURL ROOM George Washington Flowers Memorial Collection DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ESTABLISHED BY THE FAMILY OF COLONEL FLOWERS <_ r. 31 ■ REGULATIONS FOR THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA, AT TUSCALOOSA. WITH AN APPENDIX,! CONTAINING EXTRACTS FROM THE ARMY REGULATIONS, AND FROM THE RULES AND ARTICLES OF WAR. NASHVILLE, TENN.: PRINTED AT THE SOUTHERN METHODIST PUBLISHING HOUSE. 1861. : 7^- ■ • CONTENTS. PAGE Article I, Organization n i 11 II. Admission of Cadets 17 III. Uniform, Furniture, Etc 23 IV. Accounts 25 V. Course of Instruction t m 2G VI. Classification of Cadets and Manner of Instruc- tion 40 VII. General Examinations 41 VIII. Merit and Conduct Rolls t 42 IX. Leaves of Absence 43 X. Library 40 XI. Discipline 50 XII. Miscellaneous .... 60 XIII. Regulations for the Interior Police and Discip- line of the University 62 XIV. APPENDIX.— Extracts from the General Rf.o - lations of the Confederate States Army, am> from the Rules and Articles oF War 91 3KC486 Headquarters University of Alabama, •» July, 1861. } Order ) No. . I The following revised Regulations, having been adopted by the Board of Trustees, by the authority vested in them by law, shall be in full force on and after the 1st day of August, 1861. By order of the Board of Trustees : L. C. Garland, Superinterident University Alabama. 360486 Crttdm. His Excellency the Governor of Alabama, In- spector, ex officio Marion, L. C. GARLAND, President of the University, ex officii CIO. JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT, ex officio. Hon. A. J. WALKER Talladega. Hon. GEORGE W. STONE HavnevUle Hon. R. W. WALKER Florence. CIRCUITS. TERM ExplREg 1. E. PORTER KING Marion 1861 2. FRANCIS BUGBEE Montgomery 1865* 3. JOHN J. ORMOND Tuscaloosa... 1865' 3. NEWBERN H. BROWNE Tuscaloosa 1863 3. WILLIAM S. MUDD Elyton 1865 3. JOHN S. STORRS Shelby co 1865* 4. JOHN N. MALONE Athens 186l' 5. S S. SCOTT Huntsville 1865*. 6. PERCY WALKER Mobile 1863 7. M. L. STANSEL Carrollton 1863.' 8. EDWARD C. BULLOCK Eufaula 1865 9. WILLIAM C. MclVER Macon co 1865* 10. WILLIAM H. FORNEY Jacksonville 1863" 11. FELIX TAIT Wilcox co. 1861. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. His Excellency the Governor of Alabama, Chairman JOHN J. ORMOND, NEWBERN H. BROWNE WILLIAM S. MUDD, JOHN S. STORRS. SECRETARY AND TREASURER. GEORGE BENAGH. FISCAL AGENT. HENRY A. SNOW. IPHilsrg anh % tub trait Staff. COLLEGIATE DEPARTMENT. LANDON C. GARLAND, LL.D., President, and Professor of Menial and Moral Science. Rev. JOHN W. PRATT, M. A., Professor of Logic, Rhetoric, and Oratory. GEORGE BENAGH, M. A., Professor of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy, ANDRE DELOFFRE, M.A., Professor of Modern Languages. WILLIAM S. WYMAN, M.A., Professor of the Latin and Greek Languages* CALEB HUSE, Professor of Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Geology. JAMES T. MURFEE, Professor of Pure Mathematics, and Civil and Military Engineering. WILLIAM J. VAUGHN, M. A., Tutor in Ancient Languages. Prof. DELOFFRE, Librarian. MILITARY DEPARTMENT L. C. GARLAND, Superintendent of the Corps of Cadets. Col. C. HUSE, C S. A., Commandant of the Corps of Cadets. Major J. T. MURFEE, Assistant Commandant. Capt. C. L. LUMSDEN, Adjutant, and Assistant Instructor in Tactics. Capt. J. H. MORRISON, Assistant Instructor in Tactics. SYNOPSIS OF THE COURSE OF STUDIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. The course of instruction in the University is dis- tributed into nine Departments, and each Depart- ment into three classes, as exhibited in the following general scheme : STUDIES PURSUIT). DEPARTMENTS. CLASS I. CLASS II. (LASS [II. Mental and Moral Political Econ- Constitutional Philosophy. omy. Law. Logic, &c Analysis of Eng- Rhetoric; Compo- Advanced Logic lish Language ; sition and Ora- and Rhetoric; Elementary Lo- tory. Criticism. gic; Elemen- tary course in Rhetoric and Composition. Horace ; Latin Composition ; Tacitus; Cicero; Terence; Latin Cicero; Quintil- ian : Seneca ; Latin Prosody. Composition. Plautus. M'Clintock's 1st book in Greek : Demosl henes ; Sopbocles ; Ho- Plato: ZBschylus; Euripides: 1 ir'k Xenophon; He- mer: Gr'k Com- Literature. rodotus: Greek position; Gr'k Prosody. Composition. Modern Languages. French Grammar Spanish Gram- French or Span- and Reader. mar and Read- ish Literature. Pure Mathematics.. Geometry; Alge- er. Trigonometry; Higher Algebra; bra. Mensuration ; Surveying;Nav- Calculus. igation; I>e- * scriptive Geom- etry; Analytical Geometry. Natural Philosophy Experimental Molecular forces Mathematical laws of equilib- andAstronomy. principles of Mechanics and rium and mo- tion, applied to Astronomy. solids, liquids, and airs. CnEMISTRY, &C Experimental course on Eeat; Mineralogy and Geology. Applied Chem- istry. Electricity; ( liiinistry. Military Tactics. Civil Engineer- ing. Military Engi- 10 REGULATIONS FOR THE All the classes are formecj on the 15th day of Oc- tober, and prosecute their work independently of each other to the close of the scholastic year. Parents or Guardians of Cadets may select the course of study which they desire their sons or wards to pursue, or may leave the selection to the Cadet himself: provided, 1. That his previous attainments warrant his en- tering upon the studies selected. 2. That he have at least nine recitations a week. 3. That if he shall burden himself by under- taking too many studies, the Superintendent may require him to discontinue a portion of them. All of the studies of the University, with the ex- ception of those of the Military Department, may be completed in the space of five years, by any stu- dent of average capacity and industry, and the work of the classes has been arranged with reference to this rate of progress. But there is nothing to prevent an earlier com- pletion of the course by those who are capable of so doing. Each Cadet will make known to the Superin- tendent, at such time and in 'such manner as the Superintendent shall prescribe, the departments which have been selected for him ; and he will be assigned to those departments, if, upon examination, he is reported prepared by the examining officer. If a Cadet is found to be unprepared to enter the departments selected, then he will choose others, or the Superintendent will assign him to such studies as, in his judgment, he shall deem most suitable. UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 11 ARTICLE I. ORGANIZATION. 1. A permanent Superintendent, appointed by the Board of Trustees, will have the immediate government of the Institution, and be held respon- sible for its correct management. He will direct the Academic duties ; and all officers — Academic officers, Professors, Assistant Professors, Instructors, and Cadets — shall be under his command. He will render all estimates and communications to the Board of Trustees, and report to the Governor of the State, on or before the 1st day of October of each year, the number of Officers, Cadets, and other persons on duty at the Institution, with a full re- turn of the number and condition of the public arms, and other property deposited at the Univer- sity. 2. The Superintendent, and other Officers and Professors, will be required to give to the Board of Trustees six months previous notice before resigna- tion. 3. The Officers, Professors, and Assistant Profes- sors, shall receive every mark of respect to which their rank and office may entitle them, respectively; but no Officer, Professor, Assistant Professor, or Teacher shall receive any fee, present, or reward, from any Cadet of the University. 4. The Officers shall rank according to Military grade ; the Professors according to date of Academic appointment. 12 REGULATIONS FOR THE 5. All the pupils shall be styled Cadets. The Superintendent is authorized to detail as many Cadets as "Acting Assistant Professors" as may be required, and the appointment shall be considered an honorable distinction. 6. An Academic Board for the transaction of busi- ness shall be constituted as follows : The Superin- tendent, and other Professors of each separate de- partment, of which the Superintendent shall be President. 7. During the examination of any class or section, the immediate instructor shall act as a member of the Board. 8. Any member of the Military or Academic Staff, not a member of the Board, may be required by the Superintendent, in the name of the Board, to attend its meetings, and to give any information, or to ex- press an opinion, but not to vote in the decisions of the Academic Board. 9. A member of the Academic Staff shall be designated by the Superintendent as Secretary of the Academic Board, by whom its proceedings shall be fully and fairly transcribed. 10. It shall be the duty of the Academic Board to recommend for purchase all such books, maps, models, and apparatus, as may be required for pur- poses of instruction ; to examine Cadets and decide on their merits, and recommend to the Board of Trustees such as are qualified to receive diplomas. 11. It shall be the duty of each member of the Academic Board to keep a note of the examination UNIVERSITY OP ALABAMA. 13 of each Cadet, and vote upon the merits of every Cadet when the class-standing is assigned. 12. It shall be the duty of the Superintendent at each annual examination to lay before the Board of Trustees a table showing the class-marks and num- ber of absences from recitation of each Cadet in each department of instruction, indicating in such table the names of those Cadets deemed by their Professor of doubtful proficiency. Any of those Cadets passing an unsatisfactory examination shall be pronounced deficient. 13. No Cadet offering for graduation, pronounced deficient by the Academic Board, shall receive a diploma. 14. A Commandant of Cadets, appointed by the Board of Trustees, and commissioned a Colonel by the Governor of the State, shall have command of the corps of Cadets. The Commandant will be held responsible for the proper instruction of the corps in infantry and artillery drill, for the proper arrangement of all military duties, and for the per- formance of those duties by the Cadets. 15. The Commandant shall be the instructor of the Cadets in infantry and artillery tactics, and such other military branches as shall be prescribed by the Board of Trustees. 16. A Treasurer shall annually be appointed by the Board of Trustees, with such compensation as they may deem sufficient, who shall give bond and security for the faithful performance of his duty. All funds belonging to the University and all 14 REGULATIONS FOR THE deposits made on account of the Cadets shall be deposited with a Fiscal Agent, to the credit of the Treasurer of the University, the certificates of deposit being filed in the Superintendent's office. The Treasurer shall keep separate accounts with the various departments of the University and Cadets, and all debts and credits to these accounts shall be made upon the order of the Superintend- ent. No money shall be drawn from the funds of the University, or from the deposits of the Cadets, but upon the order of the Superintendent, and a check drawn by the Treasurer and countersigned by the Superintendent. The Treasurer's account shall be subject to the revisal and approval of the Superin- tendent. He shall make a monthly balance-sheet, showing the condition of the Treasury, for the use of the Superintendent. He shall make an abstract of all cash payments made on account of the Cadets, for the use of the officers charged with keeping the check-books of the Cadets. He shall return to the Superintendent on the 15th of June, annually, all receipts for payments made on account of Cadets, lie shall make annually a detailed report, to be laid before the Superintendent, setting forth all pay- ments and receipts on account of the University — separating, in distinct accounts, those belonging to the University proper, the Quartermaster, Commis- sary, etc., with the necessary vouchers — and make such a consolidated exhibit as shall show the actual condition of the public funds. UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 15 17. The Quartermaster, who shall be appointed annually by the Board, shall have in charge the supplies furnished to the Cadets, and shall issue them upon orders given by the Superintendent, at prices fixed by the Board of Trustees. He shall keep correct accounts of all supplies which he may receive, and of all articles furnished to the Cadets, separating in both accounts the several species of articles. He shall keep an account against the Treasurer, in which he shall charge that officer with all the articles delivered to the Cadets, at their proper prices, and shall enter therein all proper credits to the Treasurer which may arise in the department. He shall annually prepare a detailed report of his transactions for the preceding year, together with an inventory of the property remain- ing in his hands, and its cost, to be laid before the Board of Trustees by the Superintendent. 18. A Commissary of Subsistence shall be an- nually appointed by the Board of Trustees, with such compensation as they may deem sufficient, whose duty it shall be to receive all supplies of provisions, etc., furnished for the Steward's depart- ment, issue them upon requisition made by the Steward and countersigned by the Superintendent. He shall keep accurate accounts of all expenses of the Steward's department, and make a quarterly statement thereof to the Superintendent, He shall annually make a detailed report of the operations of his department for the preceding year, to be laid before the Board of Trustees by the Superintend- 16 REGULATIONS FOR THE ent, together with an inventory of the property on hand, and its value. 19. A Steward shall be annually appointed by the Board of Trustees, with such compensation as they may deem sufficient, whose duty it shall be to see that the provisions furnished by the Commissary of Subsistence are properly cooked and served up. He shall make weekly requisitions upon the Com- missary for the necessary supplies for the Mess Hall, and be held accountable for them. He shall be responsible for the public property belonging to the Mess Hall, see that the servants attached thereto discharge their duties, and keep the Mess Hall and all its appurtenances at all times in a thorough state of police. Should any provisions furnished by the Commissary be unsound or unfit for use, he shall impiecliately report the fact to the Board of Survey. He shall report all violations of the Mess Hall regulations comins; under his observation and control to the Commandant of Cadets. 20. Three senior officers, next in rank to the Superintendent, shall constitute a Board of Survey, whose duty it shall be to inspect all provisions reported unsound by the Steward, make regular visitations of the Mess Hall by a detail of one of its members, and report to the Superintendent such modifications in the existing regulations as experi- ence may dictate for the order of the Hall and for the comfort of the Cadets. 21. The Superintendent shall keep a register, in which shall be recorded the name of every Cadet as UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 17 soon as lie shall enter the University, with his age, and the county from which he may come. 22. A Surgeon shall he appointed for the Univer- sity by the Board of Trustees at their annual meet- ing. He shall hold his office one year; shall be subject to removal for cause at any time by the Board, and in this case the Board so removing shall appoint another for the residue of the term. lie shall promptly and faithfully attend in person upon the Cadets at the University whenever called upon professionally for that purpose by any of the officers of the University ; shall, at the requisition of the commanding officer, make a careful examination into and report in writing upon the health of any Cadet who, complaining of sickness, may ask on that account to be relieved from any of his duties ; and he shall generally do whatever is proper to be done b} 7 him as health officer of the Institution. For the services so rendered in person, unless him- self sick, and then by some competent physician at his expense, he shall receive in full compensation the payment of a salary agreed upon between him- self and the Board. ARTICLE II. ADMISSION OF "CADETS. 23. All applications for admission into the Uni- versity of Alabama as Cadets shall be addressed to the Superintendent, accompanied by written testi- 18 REGULATIONS FOR THE monials of fair moral character, and of the claims and other qualifications of the applicant, on or before the 1st of July in each year ; and the candi- dates appointed by the Board will be required to repair to Tuscaloosa, and report themselves in person to the Superintendent on the day designated in the letter of appointment. 24. Admission will not be allowed at any other time, except to fill vacancies occasioned by death, resignation, or dismissal, or when the candidate may have been prevented by sickness or other unavoidable cause from reporting himself at the time mentioned in the previous regulation : in which case he shall be examined as soon after he has so reported himself as may be convenient. 25. Each candidate, before he is admitted into the University as a Cadet, must have a good know- ledge of English Grammar, Geography, and Arith- metic. Additional requirements are necessary to admis- sion into certain departments, as follows, viz. : Department of Latin. — Latin Grammar, including Prosody; Arnold's First Latin Book; Caesar's Com- mentaries, four Books ; Virgil's Bucolics and six Books of ^Eneid; Cicero, six Orations. Department of Greek. — Greek Grammar; McClin- tock's First Book; Jacob's Greek Reader; and two Books of Xenophon's Anabasis. Department of Mathematics. — Arithmetic; Algebra. Department of Natural Philosophy. — Algebra ; Geo- metry; Trigonometry; Analytical Geometry. UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 19 Department of Ethics. — English Analysis ; Logic ; Rhetoric. 26. Candidates for admission into any department will be examined by the officer in charge of the same, and assigned to such a position as he may deem best for the interests of the applicant. 27. No Cadet shall be admitted into the Univer- sity proper under fifteen years of age, or who may bring with him at the time of presenting himself any disorder of an infectious or immoral character. 28. The term of service of Cadets shall not be less than one year ; and each Cadet, when he enters the University, shall subscribe in a book, to be kept for that purpose, the following matriculation promise : I hereby engage to serve as a Cadet in the Alabama Corps of Cadets, for the term for which I have entered, and I promise on honor, so long as I remain a member thereof, to obey all legal orders of the constituted authori- ties of the University, and to discharge all my duties as a Cadet with regularity and fidelity. 29. The three students from each county of the State provided for by law shall, upon the recom- mendation of the Superintendent of the Public Schools, or of a member of the Board of Trustees from the district in which he lives, make application and receive appointments as State Cadets. 30. The State Cadets shall constitute a guard for the protection, during the furlough mouths, of the arms, equipments, camp equipage, military stores, 20 REGULATIONS FOR THE and other public property on deposit at the Uni- versity. 31. The preceding clause, however, is not to be construed as relieving any Cadet whatsoever from the liability of being detailed on this duty, at the discretion of the commanding officer. 32. The State Cadets shall have the following dues commuted : tuition, fuel, rent of furniture, use of library, servant's hire, and will be boarded at the expense of the University during the fur- lough months, while serving as members of the guard. Sons of the officers and employees may be re- leased from the payment of tuition fees, and may be allowed to board with their parents, provided they live within the prescribed limits of the Uni- versity. 33. If, after the appointment of a State Cadet, it should appear that his parent or guardian is able to support him as a pay Cadet, he shall be immediately transferred to this class of Cadets, and his vacancy filled in accordance with the regulations. 34. No Cadet discharged from the University shall be reappointed or restored under any circum- stances, unless application is made to the Board of Trustees to reconsider his case, and it can be clearly shown that his case was misunderstood. 35. No student under sentence of suspension, dismission, or expulsion from any other Institution shall be received as a Cadet or student of the Uni- versity, unless in such cases as may seem to the UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 21 Board of Trustees to form proper exceptions to this rule. 36. When an applicant shall be selected for ad- mission, his selection shall be immediatel} 7 com- municated to him by the President of the Board of Trustees, together with such of the regulations as relate to admission. 37. No married person will be appointed as a Cadet at the University ; and if any Cadet shall be married while there, such marriage shall be con- sidered as equivalent to a resignation, and he will leave the Institution. 38. Each selected candidate will be required to bring with him, or provide before his admission, the following articles : Mattrass for a single Bed. 1 pair of heavy Blankets. 1 Comfort. 2 pairs of Sheets. 3 Pillow-Cases. 1 Pillow. 1 Military Overcoat, (uniform.) 1 Military Dress Cap. 1 Roll of Webbing, (white.) 1 Hair-Brush. 2 Combs, (one fine, one coarse.) 1 Clothes Broom. Shaving Apparatus. 1 dozen Towels. 2 Clothes-Bags, (white.) 2 pairs Monroe Shoes. 22 REGULATIONS FOR TIIE 2 pairs Berlin Gloves. 7 Shirts. 1 dozen pairs Socks. 6 Pocket Handkerchiefs. 8 pairs White Pantaloons, (satin drilling.) The board, washing, fuel, and lights, and mathe- matical instruments, will be furnished by the Uni- versity. 39. Each Cadet will be required to deposit semi- annually in advance with the Treasurer a sum suffi- cient to cover his expenses for six months ; and npon the failure of any Cadet to make the deposits above mentioned for the space of six weeks after the time required, such Cadet shall be required to withdraw, at the discretion of the Superintendent. 40. The Superintendent shall make all contracts on behalf of the Board of Trustees, and for the Cadets, for supplying the Cadets with board, fuel, lights, washing, and other necessary articles ; and in no case will it be allowable for a pay Cadet to pay a larger sum for boarding than is paid for the State Cadets. 41. All money for the use of the Cadets must be remitted directly to the Superintendent. Any Cadet who shall violate this regulation, or whose parent or guardian shall pay any debt contracted by him during his connection with the University, and in violation of its rules, shall be subject to im- mediate discharge. 42. For all expenses except those denominated "Fixed Expenses," every Cadet leaving the Uni- o UNIVERSITY OP ALABAMA. 2 versity before the expiration of the period for which he has made an advance, shall receive the unex- pended balance. The " Fixed Expenses" are : Tuition for Scholastic Year, $52 00 Washing " " « 24 00 Fuel and Lights " " " 20 00 Medical Fee " " " 5 00 Use of Furniture " " " g 00 Music Fee " " << 5 00 Servants' Fee " « " 4 00 ARTICLE III. UNIFORM, FURNITURE, ETC. 43. Each Cadet shall keep himself supplied at all times, in addition to the articles of clothing which he is required to bring with him, with the following, viz. : 44. One light gray cloth coatee, with three rows of eight gilt bullet buttons in front, and blind but- ton holes of black silk cord, in the herring-bone form, with a festoon turned at the back cud; a standing collar, trimmed with black silk braid,' to fit the neck, and to hook in front— a bullet button on each, side, with a blind button-hole, like the foregoing; cuff four inches wide, to be indented with three bullet buttons, and cord-holes likewise on each sleeve, in the centre of which is to he in- serted the lower button; the bottom of the breast and hip buttons to range; similar cord-holes to pro- 24 REGULATIONS FOR THE ceed from three buttons placed lengthwise on the skirts, with three buttons down the plaits. 45. One surtout coat of gray cloth, of same color as coatee, sufficiently long, with cape attached, and reaching to button of sleeve. 4G. Two white vests for summer, single-breasted, standing collar, sword flaps over pockets. Two pairs of gray pantaloons, for winter, with a black cloth stripe, one and a half inch wide, down outer seam. Eight pairs plain white drilling pantaloons, for summer. 47. Two fatigue jackets, for summer, with stand- ing collar, small button on each side, and eight similar ones down the front. 48. One dress and one forage cap, of such pat- terns as shall be prescribed by the Superintendent. 49. One black stock, two sets white belts, two inches wide, and one account-book. 50. The dress of the Superintendent, to be worn when on duty, to be a frock-coat of dark blue cloth, double-breasted, two rows of gilt buttons, eight in each row. In winter, blue cloth vest, sin- gle-breasted. Pants of dark blue cloth. 51. The dress of the Officers, which shall always be worn on duty, to be that which shall be pre- scribed for the Corps of Engineers of the Confede- rate States Army, except the button, which shall be that of the State of Alabama. 52. The dress of the Professors, to be worn like- wise when on duty, to be a frock-coat of dark blue cloth, single-breasted, one row of eight gilt UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 25 buttons in front; standing collar, to hook in front, with one hook, and slope backwards and upwards from the hook; vest of blue cloth, single-breasted, one row of eight small gilt buttons ; pants of dark blue cloth, the button to be that of the militia of the State of Alabama. 53. All articles of uniform clothing and equip- ments shall be made in strict conformity to patterns prescribed, and of material approved by the Super- intendent. 54. ~No other dress than that which is prescribed shall be worn by the Cadets, or be kept in their pos- session. 55. Each Cadet will unite with his room-mates in purchasing any articles necessary for the common use of all the occupants of his room. 56. Every Cadet is prohibited to sell or otherwise dispose of his clothing, books, or any other articles which he may have purchased for his own use, without permission. ARTICLE IV. ACCOUNTS. 57. No Cadet shall contract an} T debt without permission of the Superintendent. 58. Every Cadet shall keep a book, in which shall be charged every article he may purchase. This book shall be examined by the Superintendent. 59. No Cadet shall obtain from the Superintend- 26 REGULATIONS FOR THE ent an order for goods or money, unless there be a balance due said Cadet in the hands of the Trea- surer equal to the amount of such order. 60. The Treasurer shall keep an account open with each Cadet for whom money shall have been deposited in his hands, in which he shall be credited with the sums so deposited, and charged with the sums paid to his creditors, and for such disburse- ments proper receipts shall be taken by the Trea- surer, and kept on file in his office. 61. Any Cadet shall be permitted to inspect his accounts, and the public records, on application for that purpose, during office hours. ARTICLE V. COURSE OF INSTRUCTION. 62. The studies which shall be pursued, and the instruction which shall be given at the University of Alabama, are comprised under the following ten Departments, viz. : I. Ethics. II. Logic, Rhetoric, and Oratory. III. Natural Philosophy and Astronomy. IV. Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Geology. V. Latin. VI. Greek. VII. Modern Languages. VIII. Mathematics. IX. Tactics. X. Military and Civil Engineering. UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 27 ETHICS. 63. The first class in this department studies Mental and Moral Philosophy ; the second, Political Econ- omy and the Philosophy of the Social Relations; and the third, Constitutional Law, with special ref- erence to the Constitution of the Confederate States, and that of the State of Alabama. The mode of instruction in this department is by text-books and lectures, upon which, as well as upon certain portions of standard authors previously indi- cated, the pupils are frequently and rigidly ex- amined. For the purpose of cultivating the power of analysis, and of forming the habit of readily de- livering their thoughts, they are required, at these examinations, to reproduce, without the aid of ques- tions, all that is material in the lectures and in the books referred to. Books Recommended. — Menial Philosophy. Text- Book, Haven. Books of Reference — Locke, Reid, Stewart, Brown, Cousin, Hamilton. Moral Philosophy. — Text-Book, Alexander. Books of Reference — Jouftroy, Stewart, Brown, Price, Butler, Mcintosh, Wayland, Winslow. Political Economy. — Text-Book, Wayland. Books of Reference— Smith, Say, McCulloch, Mill, Chal- mers. Constitutional Laic. — Books of Reference — The Federalist, The Writings of John Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Calhoun, and the Selected Debates of the United States Senate. 28 REGULATIONS FOR THE For admission into this department, the studies of the first class in the Department of Rhetoric are required. LOGIC, RHETORIC, AND ORATORY. 64. To enter any of the classes in this department, the study of the following text-books is recom- mended : Greene's Introduction to English Grammar, Greene's Elements of English Grammar, Quacken- bos's First Book in Composition. In one class the Analysis of the English Language, Punctuation, Elementary Rhetoric, and Elementary Logic, are the subjects upon which instruction is given. The text-books used in this class are Greene's Analysis, Quackenbos's Second Book in Composi- tion and Rhetoric, and Whately's Easy Lessons on Reasoning. • Another class in this department studies Logic and Rhetoric in connection with Lectures on these subjects by the Professor. Standard authors are referred to in every lecture, and recitations upon these and upon the lectures are required every week. The following list comprises those books of refer- ence which each student in this class ought to pos- sess : Thompson's Outline of the Laws of Thought, Sir "William Hamilton's Lectures on Logic and Meta- physics, Campbell's Philosophy of Rhetoric, Whate- UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 29 ly's Rhetoric, Day's Art of Rhetoric, and Cicero De Oratore. Exercises in compositions weekly, formal essays, written orations, and occasional forensic disputa- tions, constitute a part of the regular duties of this class. Each member of this class should have the following hooks to equip him for these exercises : "Worcester's Quarto Dictionaiy, Roget's Thesaurus of English Words, Whately's Synonyms. Another class in this department attends lectures on Criticism and ./Esthetics. The works referred to in this course of lectures are too numerous to mention here. Students in this class are expected to digest and compare the teach- ings of different authors, to apply principles in the criticism of English Prose and Poetry, and to en- gage in independent researches upon all the subjects discussed in the Lecture-Room. The final examination of this class will create a necessity for an accurate acquaintance with all the subjects pertaining to this department. Regular exercises in declamation will be performed by all the classes in this department. Candidates for admission into this department will be examined on Reading, Writing, Spelling, English Grammar, and Geography. NATURAL PHILOSOPHY AND ASTRONOMY. 65. The First Class in Natural Philosophy is oc- cupied throughout the year with the laws of Equilib- 30 REGULATIONS FOR THE rium and Motion, as applied to Solids, Liquids, and Airs. The topics introduced in this connection vary from year to year, and embrace such as the Centre of Gravity, Friction, Strength and Stress of Materials, Theory of Machines, the Pendulum, the Barometer, the Laws of Gravitation, Hydraulic and Pneumatic Engines, etc., etc. The Second Class in Natural Philosophy and Astronomy, to which the studies of the preceding class are preliminary, commences with the Theory of Undulation, and after having completed the sub- jects of Acoustics and Light, both common and polarized, spends the remainder of the year in the study of Astronomy. To these two classes instruction is conveyed, for the most part, through lectures, reference being constantly had to good manuals, supposed to be in the hands of the students, and the principles of the different subjects being established by such methods as require, on the part of the student, a familiar ac- quaintance with the principles of Algebra, Geometry, Plane Trigonometry, and Analytical Geometry. The general Philosophical apparatus of the Uni- versity is good, especially its apparatus for the de- termination and illustration of the laws of Optics ; and its Astronomical Observatory is fitted up with instruments amply sufficient for all the purposes of instruction. The Third Class in Natural Philosophy and As- tronomy, in addition to the ordinary course in Mathematics, is supposed to be also acquainted with UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 31 the doctrines of the Higher Algebra and the Cal- culus. It is wholly engaged in the study of the Mathematical principles of Mechanical Philosophy and Astronomy. The students of the class have free access to the Observatory, and will devote a laro-e share of their attention to the subjects of Kau- tical and Spherical Astronomy. Text-Boohs. — Mechanics — Smith or Bartlett ; Acoustics— Bartlctt; Light— Jackson ; Astronomy — Gummere ; Pratt's Mechanical Philosophy ; Bart- lett's or Loomis's Spherical Astronomy. CHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY, AND GEOLOGY. 66. Class I. The studies of this class during the year will include the subjects of Heat, Electricity, and Chemistry— which will be taken up in the order named. The leading facts and principles of each science will be brought forward in a series of lectures, illus- trated by specimens and experiments. Recitations upon the subject-matter of the pre- ceding lectures will be heard at stated intervals. Text-books, as such, will not be used, but works will be recommended to students as desirable to be read in connection with the course of lectures. Class II. This class will study Mineralogy dur- ing the first term, and Geology during the second and third. The system of instruction will, as in Class L, in- 32 REGULATIONS FOR THE elude elementary courses of lectures, illustrated by the University collections of minerals, rocks, and fossils, and regular recitations. Books will be re- commended as aids to students following the lec- tures. Students desiring to enter this class are not re- quired to pass a previous examination upon the studies of Class I. Class III. This class may be viewed as the com- plement of Class I. — pursuing the same studies and at the same time, but taking them up in a more ex- tended form, and with special attention to the prac- tical application of the general principles which have been previously examined. Thus, such sub- jects as the Steam Engine, (under Heat,) Electrotype and the Electric Telegraph, (under Electricity,) and the various arts and manufactures with which Chemistry is intimately concerned, may in this class be studied more thoroughly than time will permit in the more general course of Class I. To students thus advanced, special facilities may also be granted for the examination of the University collections and apparatus. The Chemical Laboratory is well furnished with apparatus and chemicals, both for the purposes of illustration and scientific research. The Geological Cabinet contains valuable suites of specimens illustrative of Mineralogy, Geology, and Palaeontology. UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 33 LATIN. 67. The First Class in Latin, with three exercises per week, studies : In the first term — The Satires of Horace and Latin Exercises. In the second term — The Epistles of Horace and Latin Exercises. In the third term — The Odes of Horace and Latin Exercises. For admission into this class, the student must pass an approved examination in Latin Grammar, (Andrews and Stoddard,) including Latin Prosody ; Arnold's First Latin Book, (Ilarkness;) four books of Caesar's Gallic War, (Spencer;) the Bucolics, and six books of the^Eneid of Virgil, (Frieze;) the four orations of Cicero against Catiline ; the oration in favor of the Poet Archias ; and the oration in favor of the Manilian Law, (Johnson.) The Second Class in Latin, with three exercises per week, studies : In the first term — Cicero de Senectute, and De Amicitia, and Latin Composition, (Arnold.) In the second term — Histories of Tacitus, ami Latin Composition, (Arnold.) In the third term — Satires of Juvenal, and Latin Composition, (Arnold.) For admission into this class, the student must pass an approved examination both in the prepara- tory studies and in the studies pursued by the first class. 34 REGULATIONS FOR THE The Third Class in Latin, with two exercises per week, studies : In the first term — Cicero's Oration for Milo, and Latin Composition. In the second term — The Heautontimorumenos of Terence, and Latin Composition. In the third term — The Brutus of Cicero, and Roman Literature. In order to the successful prosecution of this course, the following works, for reading and reference, are necessary, and the student is advised to bring them from home with him when he enters the Uni- versity : Andrews' Latin Lexicon, Riddle and Arnold's English Latin Lexicon, Smith's Classical Dictionary, Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Zumpt's Latin Grammar, Long's Classical Atlas, Doederlein's Handbook of Latin Synonyms, Becker's Gallus, Browne's History of Roman Literature, Lid- dell's History of Rome, and Keightley's History of the Roman Empire. GREEK. 68. The First Class in Greek, with three exer- cises per week, studies : During the first half of the collegiate year — Xenophon's Anabasis, Third and Fourth Books, and Greek Exercises. During the second half of the collegiate year — Herodotus, and Greek Exercises. UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 35. For admission into this class, the student must pass an approved examination in Greek Grammar, Jacob's Greek Reader, the first two books of Xeno- phon's Anabasis, and McClintock's First Book in Greek. The Second Class in Greek, with three exercises per week, studies : In the first term — Selections from the Greek Historians, (Felton ;) and Greek Composition, (Ar- nold.) In the second term — The Olynthiac Orations of Demosthenes, (Champlin ;) and Greek Composi- tion, (Arnold.) In the third term — The Alcestis of Euripides, (Woolsey ;) and Greek Composition, (Arnold.) To enter this class, the student must pass a satis- factory examination in the preparatory studies, and in those pursued by the First Class. The Third Class in Greek, with two exercises per week, studies : In the first term — Thucydides, (Owen;) and Greek Composition. In the second term — The Antigone of Sopho- cles, (Woolsey ;) and Greek Composition. In the third term — The Clouds of Aristophanes, (Felton ;) and Greek Literature. In order to the successful prosecution of this course, the following works, for reading and refer- ence, are necessary, and the student is advised to bring them from home with him, when he enters the University : 36 REGULATIONS FOR TIIE Liddell and Scott's, or Pickering's Greek Lexi- con, Kuehner's Greek Grammar, Yonge's English- Greek Lexicon, Becker's Charicles, Smith's History of Greece, and Browne's History of Greek Litera- ture. MODERN LANGUAGES. 69. Class I. — French. The course is divided into three parts : the first comprising the rudiments of pronunciation, grammar, etc., etc., with their appli- cation ; the second, exercises in translation of French into English ; and the third, exercises in translation of English into French. These three parts correspond to the three terms of the collegiate year. The following text-books are recommended: Fasquelle's New Method of Learning the French Language; J. Roemer's Second French Reader; The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia, by S. Johnson, for translation of English into French, or any other English classic ; Spiers and Surenne's large 8vo French Pronouncing Dictionary. Class II. — Spanish. The course in Spanish begins also with the first principles, and comprises a tho- rough knowledge of the grammar, construction, and derivation of the language. The text-books recommended are : Ollendorff's New Method of Learning to Read, "Write, and Speak the Spanish Language, by M. Velazquez and T. Simonne ; The New Spanish Reader, by M. Velazquez de la Cadena ; Velazquez UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 37 and Seoane's Spanish and English and English and Spanish large 8vo Dictionary. Class III. — A course of French or Spanish Litera- ture. This course will be adapted to the previous studies of the members of the class. Text-books will be recommended accordingly. MATHEMATICS. 70. The First Class in Mathematics, being sup- posed to be already familiar with Arithmetic, and Algebra, through the solution of Equations of the First Degree, commences the year with the study of Algebra, and prosecutes it to the extent requi- site for the successful completion of the usual col- lege course, to wit: through the subjects of Equa- tions of the Second Degree, Formation of Powers and Extraction of Roots, the Bi-nomial Theorem, Arithmetical and Geometrical Progression, and the Theory of Logarithms. It then takes up the study of Geometry, and is expected to complete it with- in the year. A competent knowledge of the studies belong- ing to the preceding class is required for admis- sion into the Second Class in Mathematics. This class pursues in order the subjects of Plane Trigo- nometry, Mensuration, Surveying and Navigation, Analytical Geometry, and the Differential and In- tegral Calculus. The mode of instruction in these two classes con- sists chiefly in the systematic study of approved 38 REGULATIONS FOR THE text-books, together with occasional lectures there- on, by way of explanation or enlargement ; and the progress of the students is constantly tested by rigid examination. The Third Class in Mathematics is engaged in the study of the Higher Algebra, as, the General The- ory of Equations, the solution of Equations of a higher degree than the second, and kindred topics, and a more extensive course in the Differential and Integral Calculus, and the Calculus of Varia- tions. Text-Books. — Smith's Algebra; Pierce's Geome- try; Loomis's Trigonometry, Navigation, and Sur- veying; Loomis's Tables; Courtenay's Differential and Integral Calculus. TACTICS. 71. The courses of Infantry and Artillery Tactics shall conform to the system established for the gov- ernment of the Confederate States Army. Infantry Tactics. — Theoretical and practical in- struction in the schools of the soldier, company, and battalion. Artillery Tactics. — Theoretical and practical in- struction in the schools of the piece and battery. Nomenclature, and description of the different kinds and parts of Light and Heavy Ordnance. Gunnery. — Theory and practice with various Artil- lery Arms. Pyroteclmy. — Manufacture of implements of war. UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 39 Strategy and Grand Tactics, Army Organization and Administration, Advance Guard and Outpost Duty. MILITARY AND CIVIL ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND DRAWING. 72. Military Engineering comprehends all that re- lates to field fortification, laying out and construct- ing forts, lines, and other entrenchments; obstacles, ditch defences, block-houses, and to the crossing of marshes and rivers ; military bridges, with sketches of the attack and defence of permanent works. Civil Engineering embraces the materials, the mechanical principles and details of construction, in masonry, carpentry, foundation in land and in wa- ter, bridges, centres, roads, drainage, locomotives, canals, etc. Architecture continues masonry and carpentry, in the construction of walls, arches, floors, roofs, etc., and teaches details and characteristic forms, which distinguish the various styles of architecture — Egyptian, Greek, Roman, and Gothic. 73. During the months of July and August, a guard, detailed from the Cadets, will be retained at the University, for the protection of the public pro- perty. The rest of the Cadets may receive fur- loughs, not extending beyond the 1st of October. The new Cadets will be required to go into camp on the 1st of September, and there to remain until the 15th of October, in order to become instructed 40 REGULATIONS FOR THE in their military duties before entering upon the scholastic exercises of the year. ARTICLE VI. CLASSIFICATION OF CADETS AND MANNER OF INSTRUC- TION. 74. The Cadets shall be arranged in as few classes as possible, consistent with their right of selecting their studies. Each Professor and Instructor at the head of a separate department shall be the judge of the proper mode of conveying instruction in his own Department, and shall be held responsible for the efficiency of that mode. Each Instructor having charge of a class or sec- tion of a class, for instruction, shall keep daily memoranda of its progress, and of the relative merits of the students, and, at the end of each week, he shall report thereon to the President, ac- cording to such form as he shall prescribe. Erom the weekly class reports, a consolidated re- port of progress will be made out quarterly, and an abstract thereof forwarded to the parent or guar- dian of each Cadet, exhibiting his standing for that quarter, his health, his deposits with the Treasurer, his debits with the Treasurer, the cash on hand or the amount due, as the case may be, and the remit- tance required, if any, to pay arrears, and for the expenses of the next quarter. UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 41 ARTICLE VII. GENERAL EXAMINATIONS. 75. An English Examination is held near the close, of the scholastic year, previous to the regular exam- ination upon the studies of the year. This examination embraces the subjects of Eng- lish Grammar and Modern Geography. All stu- dents of every grade who failed to sustain a satis- factory examination on these subjects at the time of their admission are held due to it. No diploma or certificate of proficiency is con- ferred upon any one until he has exhibited a satis- factory familiarity with these subjects. If a student fails at this examination, he is re- quired to appear at the next, and so on, until the end of his course — the grade of merit which he receives being incorporated in his general average scholarship for the year. The Annual Examination is held at the close of the scholastic year. It embraces all the studies of the year. It is conducted in writing and in oral recitation. All students are held due to this exam- ination, without regard to the time of the year at which they may have entered. This shows at once that entrance at the time when the classes are formed is a matter of prime importance. 42 REGULATIONS FOR THE ARTICLE VIII. DEGREES. 76. Students who complete the studies of the First and Second Classes of any Department, with a grade not less than fifty per cent, of the maxi- mum, shall receive a Diploma of Graduation from said Department, to be conferred in public ; and they shall be numbered among the Alumni of the University. Students who may complete the studies of the First and Second Classes of the several Depart- ments, with a grade of scholarship in each not less than fifty per cent, of the maximum, shall be en- titled to the Degree of Bachelor of the Arts and Sciences of the University of Alabama. Students who may complete the studies of all the classes in the several Departments, with a grade of scholarship in each not less than seventy-five per cent, of the maximum, shall be entitled to the Degree of Master of Arts and Sciences of the Uni- versity of Alabama. The Degree of Master of Arts, hitherto conferred in coarse at the expiration of three years from the attainment of the first degree, is for the future abolished. Candidates for any degree of the University who enter a class in any department higher than the first, must at some annual examination appear with the lower class or classes, and the grade which UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 43 may at such examination be assigned to them shall be incorporated in the estimate of their general average. Students, whether candidates for the Diploma of any Department, or for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts, or for that of Master of Arts, who shall attain to a grade of ninety per cent, upon the merit roll of any of the Departments, shall be considered as attaining in those Departments to honorable dis- tinction, and their names shall be publicly announced upon the day of Commencement, and published in the Annual and Triennial Catalogues of the Insti- tution. The fee for any Degree, including the Diploma, is $2 00, which must be paid as early as the Satur- day before Commencement Day. The University will not be responsible for the safe keeping of any Diploma after the Degree has been conferred. ARTICLE IX. LEAVES OF ABSENCE. 77. The Superintendent is authorized to grant leaves of absence to Cadets, at the request of their parents or guardians, during the entire period of the encampment, provided that each Cadet so per- mitted to be absent shall have been present at least two months in camp, and provided farther that no Cadet shall have such leave of absence against 44 REGULATIONS FOR THE whom has heen recorded, during the year then just terminated, demerits to the number of one hundred and fifty. 78. Every Cadet, on leave of absence for the time of the encampment, shall, before his departure, collect his books, bedding, and room furniture, and deposit them, properly labelled, in charge of the Quartermaster-Sergeant; and he shall leave with the Commandant of Cadets the names of those with whom he wishes to room during the next term. 79. Any Cadet who shall outstay his leave of absence will subject himself to be tried by Court- martial, unless he shall produce a certificate satis- factory to the Superintendent, on his return, of his having been prevented from returning by sickness, or some other unavoidable cause. 80. Any Cadet who shall wilfully absent himself from the University without leave for more than twenty-four hours shall be dismissed. 81. Every Cadet on returning from leave of absence shall immediately report himself to the Superintendent, the Commandant of Cadets, and the First Sergeant of his Company. 82. Any Cadet who shall fail to join the corps at the expiration of his leave of absence, and shall so remain absent for a longer period than two months, shall be publicly dismissed. 83. When a Cadet applies for leave of absence on account of ill health, his application must be ac- companied by the certificate of the Surgeon, of the state of his health, after the following form : UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 15 Cadet , of the University of Alabama, having applied for a eertificatc upon which to ground an application for leave of absence, I do hereby certify that I have carefully examined this Cadet, and find that [Here the nature of the disease, wound, or disability is to be fully stated, and the p'eriod during which the Cadet has suffered under its effects;] and that, in consequence thereof, he is, in my opinion, unfit for duty. I further declare my belief that he will not be able to resume his duties in a less period than [Here state candidly and explicitly the opinion as to the period that will probably elapse before the Cadet will be able to resume his duties. When there is no reason to expect a recovery, or when the prospect of recov- ery is distant or uncertain, it must be stated.] Dated at , this — day of , 18 — . [Signature of Medical Officer.] Which certificate is to be forwarded to the Super- intendent, through the Commandant of Cadets, for their approval and the order of the Superintendent in the case. 84. When a Cadet on leave of absence is pre- vented by ill health from joining the corps at the expiration of his leave, he shall transmit a certifi- cate, in the above form, of the state of his health to the Superintendent. This certificate must be signed by a resident physician of the place at which the Cadet is sick, and it must be accompanied by a report in the following form : I have the honor to forward the above certificate 46 REGULATIONS FOR THE of my ill health, which renders me at present inca- pable of performing my duty ; and to state that I have already been absent, with leave, from the — day of to the — day of , by permis- sion of the , and from the — day of to the — day of , by permission of . [Signature of Cadet.] [Cadet's place of residence for time being.] 85. Cadets absent, with leave, on account of ill health, shall on the fifteenth day of each month transmit a report and certificate, agreeably to the above forms, to the Superintendent. 86. Cadets before going on leave must deposit their arms and accoutrements, and such other public property as shall be designated, in such place as the Commandant may direct. 87. No Professor shall absent himself from the University for a longer time than ten days, without the permission of the Board of Trustees; nor shall any Professor or Officer be absent from his duty at any time, without the assent of the Superin- tendent. ARTICLE X. LIBRARY. 88. There shall be a Librarian annually appointed by the Faculty, whose duty shall be to take charge of all books and other matters belonging to the Li- brary ; and in all things pertaining to his office, not UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 47 expressly provided for iu these laws, he shall be sub- ject to the direction and control of the Faculty. 89. The Librarian shall keep the Library neat and clean — shall register all books, whether donations or purchased — shall record all books lent and re- turned, charge and collect all fines incurred for vio- lation of the Library Laws, and shall call in all books, without exception, in the week preceding Vacation and Commencement. If any book or article shall be presented to the Library, the Librarian shall record the name and residence of the donor. 90. The Library shall be opened at least weekly during term-time ; the books shall be delivered and returned in such order and manner as the Librarian, with the consent of the Faculty, may direct. 91. The use of the Library shall be tendered, free of expense, to the Trustees of the University, to all such persons as have made a donation to the Library of the value of one hundred dollars, to the officers of instruction, resident graduates, and the students; but no graduates shall be considered resident, and as such entitled to the use of the Library, unless they actually reside within the College walls. 92. The officers of Instruction are entitled to the use of the Library at any hour. They shall, how- ever, keep a book, in which the names of the works taken by them from the Library shall be regularly recorded; and they shall subject themselves to a line of one dollar for any neglect of this rule, to be paid the Librarian. No other persons, entitled to he use of the Library, shall take a book therefrom, 48 REGULATIONS FOR TIIE except in the presence of the Librarian or one of the Faculty, who shall take a note of the same be- fore the book is delivered. 93. The officers must return the books of the Li- brary in their possession, at least twice in each scholastic year, the 1st of January and the 1st of July, under the same penalties for neglect that at- tach to Cadets. 94. ~No student, at any time, shall have in his possession more than three volumes, which may be kept two weeks ; except such as are preparing for a public exhibition, who may be allowed a greater number, on application to the President. If books are not returned within the specified time, the drawer shall pay, for every week's detention beyond the limitation, 10 cents for a 12mo, or book of smaller size ; 20 cents for an 8vo ; 30 cents for a quarto ; and 40 cents for a folio. If any book taken from the Library be lost or damaged, the delinquent shall have the privilege of immediately replacing the volume or set — otherwise he shall pay the value of the book or set, if defaced ; double the value, if much injured; and three-fold, if lost; and the amount shall be applied to the use of the Library. 95. Students are forbidden to take down or dis- place any book, and are particularly required to observe order and decorum while receiving books from the Librarian, under penalty of a fine not ex- ceeding fifty cents, and such other punishment as the case may require. 96. Books, valuable for their plates, their rarity, UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 49 their antiquity, or of which the character fits them for consultation rather than reading, may be with- held from circulation by the Librarian. No book taken from the Library can be used by a student as a text-book. 97. If any student shall lend a book of the Li- brary to any person not a fellow-student, or shall permit it to be carried out of the immediate vicinity of the University, he shall be reprimanded by the Librarian ; and if the offence be repeated, all access to the Library shall be denied him. No person en- titled to the use of the Library shall be allowed to carry a book out of the immediate vicinity of Tus- caloosa, except officers of instruction, employed abroad in scientific investigations. 98. The Librarian shall keep a book, properly ruled, in which any person entitled to the use of the Library, and any literary visitor, may write the title, author, and publisher, size and price, of such book or books as they may think ought to be in the Library; and each person so recommending a book shall add his signature to the recommendation. The Librarian shall lay the said book before the Trustees at their annual meeting. 99. If fines inflicted under these laws remain un- paid, the delinquent's privilege of the Library shall be suspended until payment is made. No student's diploma shall be signed by the Faculty until he produces evidence that he is not a defaulter at the Library. 100. The cnre of enforcing these laws, when not 50 REGULATIONS FOR THE enforced by the Librarian, devolves on the Faculty, even in the case of members of their own body, or of the Board of Trustees. AETICLE XI. DISCIPLINE. 101. The Cadets of the University of Alabama shall constitute a Military Corps, and be subject to Military discipline, under the immediate command of the Commandant of Cadets. 102. The Superintendent will convene Garrison Courts-martial and Courts of Inquiry, by order. 103. The punishments to which a Cadet shall be- liable, are comprised in the three following classes : 1st. Privation of recreation, etc., extra tours of duty, reprimand. 2d. Arrest or confinement in his room or tent. 3d. Dismission, with the privilege of resigning; public dismission. The punishment of the first and second classes, mentioned in the preceding paragraph^ may be in- flicted by the Superintendent, or with his approba- tion ; those of the third class after a trial by Court- martial, except in cases of a Cadet's exceeding the limit of demerit, being wilfully and culpably negli- gent of his duties or studies, or manifesting a dispo- sition and determination to resist the authorities of the University, in which case the Superintendent is authorized to dismiss, without the intervention of a Court-martial. UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 51 104. In cases of irregularity or insubordination on the part of Cadets, requiring, in the opinion of the Superintendent, the infliction of the third class of punishment, the Superintendent may convene, by public orders, a Garrison Court-martial, to con- sist of not less than three nor more than five mem- bers ; and in case it consist of three members, then two officers of the University and one Cadet officer shall be detailed on the Court, provided that no officer preferring the charges, or interested person- ally in them, shall be competent to sit upon the Court, whose duty it shall be to try the Cadet upon the charges preferred, and make a finding upon the testimony adduced. 105. The senior officer of the Court shall act as President of the Court, and the duties of the Judge Advocate will devolve upon the junior member. 106. The mode of proceeding in such courts shall conform as far as practicable to the rules for the government of Courts-martia] in the Confederate States military service. 107. The proceedings of the Court, properly authenticated, shall be laid before the Superintend- ent, and, if approved by him, shall be promulgated in orders. 108. A right of appeal from the decision of the Court is reserved to the»ipadet, in which case he shall immediately notify the Superintendent of the same, with a copy of his appeal, whose duty it shall be to forward a copy of the proceedings of the Court to the Governor of the State, accom- 52 REGULATIONS FOR THE parried by the appeal of the Cadet, with his own remarks thereon. Should the case, in the opinion of the Governor, require reinvestigation, the Gov- ernor may direct the original proceedings to be suspended, and refer the same to a meeting or the Board of Trustees, to be called by the Governor for that purpose ; otherwise the sentence of the Court shall go into effect. 109. As obedience and subordination are essen- tial to the purposes of this Institution, any Cadet who shall disobey a lawful command of the Super- intendent, or any Professor, Teacher, Instructor, or other superior officer, or behave himself in a refrac- tory or disrespectful manner to the constituted authorities of the University, shall be dismissed or less severely punished, according to the nature and degree of his offence. 110. No Cadet shall drink, or bring or cause to be brought within the Cadets' limits, or have in his room, tent, or otherwise in his possession, wine, porter, or any spirituous or intoxicating liquors, brandied fruits or viands, upon pain of being dis- missed. 111. ]STo Cadet shall, without permission, go to any inn, public-house, or place where wine, porter, or any spirituous or intoxicating liquors, brandied fruits or viands are fflfel, upon pain of being dis- missed. ]STo Cadet shall visit any public hotel without permission. 112. Any Cadet found drunk, or under the influ- ence of wine, porter, or any spirituous or intoxi- UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 53 eating liquor, brandied fruits or viands, shall be dis- missed. 113. Cadets must forthwith leave the premises upon their connection with the Institution being dissolved, unless they obtain permission from the Superintendent to remain. To such Cadets the Superintendent may grant permission for them to occupy their quarters for such length of time as in his judgment shall be absolutely necessary for them to make arrangements necessary to their de- parture. 114. ~No Cadet shall play at cards, or any other game of chance, or bring or cause to be brought upon the premises of the University, or have in his room, or otherwise in his possession, cards or other materials used in these games, on pain of being dismissed, or otherwise less severely punished. 115. JSTo Cadet shall smoke except in his quarters, (room or tent,) or at such other place as shall be designated by the Superintendent. JSTo Cadet shall smoke during the. hours of study. 116. No Cadet shall cook or prepare food in either barracks or camp, nor have cooked provisions in his room, nor give an entertainment there or elsewhere without permission. 117. ISTo Cadet shall be allowed to keep a waiter, horse, or dog. I 118. Any Cadet who shall wantonly damage any quarters or their appurtenances, shall, besides making good such damages, be otherwise punished, accord- ing to the nature of his offence. 54 REGULATIONS FOR THE 119. Each Cadet, before he leaves the University, shall furnish to the Superintendent a certificate from the Quartermaster and other proper officers that he has turned in all the public property of their respective departments. 120. Any Cadet who shall lose, damage, destroy, sell, or otherwise dispose of the arms, accoutrements, books, instruments, or other public property in his possession, shall, besides paying for the same, be otherwise punished, according to the nature of his offence. 121. No Cadet shall go beyond the limits of the University, or such other limits as shall be pre- scribed, without permission ; nor shall any permis- sion to be absent from the barracks at night be granted, unless upon a special invitation to visit in private families, (in which case the invitation must be sent to the Commandant,) or upon such occa- sions as shall be deemed proper exceptions to this regulation by the Superintendent. 122. Any Cadet who shall insult a sentinel by word or gesture, shall be dismissed, or otherwise less severely punished. 123. Any Cadet who shall answer for another at any roll-call, or who shall engage any other Cadet to answer for him, shall be dismissed, or otherwise less severely punished. 124. No Cadet shall visit during the hours of study, or between tattoo and reveille, nor be absent from his room at those times for any purpose, with- out permission from the proper authority. UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 55 125. Any Cadet who shall absent himself from his quarters at night between the call "to quarters" and "tattoo" for more than ten and less than twenty minutes, shall receive the highest number of demerits attached to any one offence; if absent more than twenty and less than thirty minutes, he shall, in addition to the demerits, be otherwise punished; and if absent for a longer time than thirty minutes, he shall be dismissed. 126. Any Cadet who shall absent himself from his quarters between tattoo and reveille for a longer time than twenty minutes shall be dis- missed. . 127. Duties appropriate for the Sabbath, includ- ing attendance upon Divine service, which shall be imperative, shall be prescribed by the Superintend- ent, and each Cadet shall be required to conform thereto. 128. Any Cadet who shall behave indecently or irreverentlv while attending Divine service, or shall use any profane oath or execration, or profane the Sabbath, shall be dismissed, or otherwise less severely punished. 120. The Cadets are not only required to abstain from all vicious, immoral, or irregular conduct, but they are enjoined, on every occasion, to conduct themselves with the propriety and decorum of gen- tlemen. 180. Any Cadet who shall be guilty of conduct unbecoming an i fiicer and a gentlemen, shall bo dismissed, or otherwise !<•<■< severely punish* d. 56 REGULATIONS FOR THE 131. No Cadet shall send or accept a challenge to fight, nor be the bearer of such challenge, writ- ten or verbal ; nor in any way, directly or indirect- ly, countenance or promote a duel, nor upbraid another for declining to fight, on pain of being dis- missed. 132. Every Cadet who knows that a challenge to fight has been or is about to be sent or accepted by any other Cadet, shall, without delay, give informa- tion thereof to the Superintendent. 133. No Cadet shall use any reproachful or pro- voking language or gestures to another. 134. Any Cadet who shall, by any means what- ever, traduce or defame another, shall be dismissed, or otherwise less severely punished, according to the nature of his often ce. 135. Any Cadet who shall strike, or in any man- ner offer violence to another, shall be punished in like manner. 136. Any Cadet who shall beat or otherwise mal- treat a citizen, shall, besides being amenable to the law, be otherwise punished, according to the nature of the offence. 137. Any Cadet who shall wantonly abuse the person of any Cadet, by playing unjustifiable tricks upon him, shall be dismissed, or otherwise less severely punished, according to the degree of the offence. 138. No Cadet shall sign any certificate or state- ments relative to personal altercation between mem- bers of the University, or to any transaction of a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 57 private or personal nature, without permission from the Superintendent. 189. All Cadets who shall combine or agree to- gether to hold no friendly intercourse with another, and any Cadet who shall endeavor to persuade others to enter into such combination or agree- ment, shall be dismissed, or otherwise less severely punished. 140. All combinations, under any pretext what- ever, are strictly prohibited. Any Cadet who, in concert with others, shall adopt any measure, under pretence of procuring redress of grievances, or sign auy paper, or enter into any written or verbal agree- ment, with a view to violate or evade any regula- tion of the University, or do any act contrary to the rules of good order and subordination, or who shall endeavor to persuade others to do the same, shall be dismissed. 141. Any Cadet who shall manifest an insubordi- nate or refractory spirit, evincing a disposition to resist the authorities of the University, thereby disturbing its peace and order, shall be forthwith sent to his home by the Superintendent. But such Cadet shall, after such dismissal, have the right of appeal to the Board of Trustees from the decision of tl}e Superintendent. 142. If any Cadet shall consider himself wrong* «1 by another, or by an officer, he is to complain thereof to the Superintendent, who is hereby re- quired to examine into the said complaint, and to take the proper measures for redressing the wrong 58 REGULATIONS FOR THE complained of. Should the party complaining be refused redress, he may appeal to the Board of Trustees for their examination and order on the case. 143. All communications to the Board of Trus- tees, from any person belonging to the University, shall be made through the Superintendent, whose duty it shall be to forward them to the Board, with such remarks as he may think proper. 144. All publications relative to the University, or to transactions at the University, are strictly pro- hibited. Any Professor, Assistant Professor, Aca- demic Officer, or Cadet, therefore, who shall be at all concerned in writing or publishing any article of such character in any newspaper or pamphlet, or in writing or publishing any handbill, shall be dismissed, or otherwise less severely punished. 145. No Cadet shall apply for or receive money from his parents, or from any person whomsoever, without permission from the Superintendent ; any infraction or violation of which will be considered as a positive disobedience of orders, and punished accordingly. 146. The strictest attention to study and all other duties will be required. Any Cadet, therefore, who shall absent himself from duty of any kind, and fail to render a satisfactory excuse in writing fo ' such absence, shall be reprimanded, put upon extra duty, or contined, according to the circumstances of the case. 147. Any Cadet who shall evince a culpable UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 59 neglect of his studies or duties, shall be required to return to his home by the Superintendent. 148. The Professors, Assistant Professors, and Teachers Avill be held accountable for the regular and orderly conduct of their respective classes or sections, while under their immediate instruction. 149. It shall be the duty of every Officer, Profes- sor, Assistant Professor, and Teacher to report to the Commandant of Cadets any violation of the regulations, or any crime, irregularity, neglect, or any other improper conduct of which a Cadet may be guilty, whenever the same may come under his observation. 150. All immoralities, disorders, misbehavior, or neglect of which Cadets may be guilty, to the pre- judice of good order and military discipline, though not herein expressly mentioned, are to be punished according to the nature and degree of the offence. 151. The Superintendent will cause a Register to be kept of all the delinquencies and punishments which may take place at the University. At the end of every month he will have published to the corps the number of demerits which each Cadet has received for the month ; and at the end of every three months he will, in connection with the quar- terly report to the parent or guardian, send a state- ment of each Cadet's demerits and punishments for the quarter. 152. In all details of military duty, the rules and regulations for the government of the Army of the Confederate States are to be observed, so far 60 REGULATIONS FOR THE are applicable to and do not conflict with the regu- lations adopted for the government of the Uni- versity. ARTICLE XII. MISCELLANEOUS. 153. Each Professor and Instructor, at the head of a separate department, will have charge of and be accountable for the instruments and apparatus supplied for the use of the department. 154. No Professor, Assistant Professor, or Teach- er shall give a certificate, or make any statement or report relating to the qualifications, standing, con- duct, or character of any Cadet, or of any person having been a Cadet, or concerning the examina- tion of any candidate for admission, unless required so to do by the special direction of the Superin- tendent. 155. No Cadet will tender his resignation unless impelled thereto by urgent reasons, which must be fully set forth in his letter of resignation ; such letter must be accompanied by the written consent of his parent or guardian. 156. The Superintendent is authorized to accept the resignation of Cadets in the following cases only: 1st. Ill-health, to be ascertained by the Surgeon's certificate. 2d. Deficiency of funds to defray the necessary expenses. UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 61 In such cases the resignation of a Cadet must be tendered to the Superintendent, who may take such action thereon as he may think proper, sub- ject at the instance of the Cadet to the revision of the Board of Trustees. In all other cases, resigna- tion must be tendered to the Board of Trustees. 157. The Superintendent, and in his absence the officer in command, shall have power to arrest any professor or subordinate officer for mutiny, disobe- dience of orders, unofficer-like conduct, or other offences prohibited by the rules and regulations prescribed for the government of this Institution ; and on such arrest it shall be the duty of the Superintendent, or other officer making the same, to appoint a day for the trial of said professor or other subordinate officer, not less than ten nor more than thirty days from the date of such arrest, and immediately notify the several members of the Board of Trustees tbat said arrest has been made, and shall also furnish the person arrested with a copy of the charges preferred against him. 158. Upon the application of any professor or subordinate officer, it shall be competent for two or more of the Board of Trustees to arrest the Superintendent for unofficerlike conduct, or other offences prohibited by the rules and regulations for the government of this University ; and upon arrest it shall be the duty of the members making the same to furnish the Superintendent with a copy of the charge or charges upon which the arrest Wftfl made, and furthermore to fix a day for the trial not 62 REGULATIONS FOR THE less than ten nor more than thirty days from the date of the arrest, and also to notify the several members of the Board thereof. 159. ~No Cadet shall be admitted into the Uni- versity until he has been inspected by the Surgeon, whose duty it shall be to make a report to the Superintendent, stating the bodily condition of each ; and if any of said Cadets be possessed of any disease calculated to infect others, the Superintend- ent shall either reject or provide that the disease shall not be communicated to others. 160. It shall be the duty of the Commandant of the Corps, or such officer as he shall designate for that purpose, to instruct the new Cadets thoroughly in these regulations during the encampment. 161. The Commandant will cause a copy of these regulations to be deposited in each room of the barracks, and the occupants will be held responsi- ble for its careful preservation. ARTICLE XIII. REGULATIONS FOR THE INTERIOR POLICE AND DISCI- PLINE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 162. The Cadets shall be organized into one or more companies, according to the number, and the officers shall be appointed by the Commandant. The selection shall be made from those Cadets who have been most active and soldier-like in the per- formance of their duties, and most exemplary in UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 63 their general deportment. In the selection of officers, reference will be had to length of service in the corps. 163. From the first of March to the first of De- cember there shall be an infantry or artillery drill every day, when the weather is favorable, (Satur- days and Sundays excepted,) at such regular hour of the day as the Commandant of Cadets may prescribe, and for the residue of the year, at his discretion. 164. There shall be at least one dress parade every day, when the weather permits. 165. There shall be an inspection of the Cadets every Saturday morning, when the weather per- mits. 166. No Cadet shall be absent from any duty whatever, unless he is previously authorized to be absent by the proper authority. 167. The guard will be mounted every morning between the return of the corps from breakfast and eiffht o'clock. DRESS. 168. No Cadet shall retain in his quarterf any article of dress, other than the uniform of the Cadets, prescribed by the regulations, upon penalty of dismission. 169. The overcoat shall not be worn between first of April and first of November, excepl in rainy weather, nor in quarters at any tine' doling study hours. 64 REGULATIONS FOR THE 170. The overcoat shall under no circumstances be worn, at any time, to any section-room. 171. The fatigue dress shall only be worn in quarters or camp, within the chain of sentinels, or at military exercises when directed. 172. Every Cadet shall be neatly attired when- ever his room is visited by an officer. 173. The hair shall be short, or what is generally termed cropped. "Whiskers and mustaches shall not be worn. BADGES OF DISTINCTION. 174. Cadets acting as officers and non-commis- sioned officers shall be distinguished by the follow- ing badges : Captains — Chevrons of four bars of single lace on each arm, above the elbow, point up. Lieutenants — Chevrons of three bars of single lace on each arm, above the elbow, point up. Adjutant — The Lieutenant's chevron, having the angle subtended by an arc. Quartermaster — The Lieutenant's chevron, having the angle subtended by a chord. Sergeant- Major — The Sergeant's chevron, with the angle subtended hy an arc. Quartermaster-Sergeant — The Sergeant's chevron, angle subtended by a chord. First Sergeant — Chevrons of two bars of single lace on each arm, above the elbow, point up, with a lozenge. UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 65 Sergeants— Chevrons of two bars of single lace on each arm, above the elbow, point up. The Color- bearer— selected from the rank of Ser- geants—will wear the Sergeant's chevrons, with a star. Corporals— Chevrons of two bars of single lace on each arm, below the elbow, point up. Coiyorals of the Color Guard— The Corporal's chevrons, with a star. Cadets appointed as acting Assistant-Professors will wear upon their coats three rows of fourteen buttons in front. ARMS, ETC. • 175. ISTo Cadet shall lend or exchange his arms or accoutrements, or use those of any other Cadet. 176. The arms and accoutrements issued to Cadets will not be taken from their quarters except for duty. 177. No Cadet shall alter his musket by scraping, filing, or varnishing the stock, barrel, or any other portion of it; nor shall the lock be removed or taken apart. 178. If a Cadet allows his musket to get out of order, he shall get permission from the Command- ant for it to be put in order by the Ordnance Ser- geant, and the price of the repairs charged to him. 179. Cadets are prohibited from haying in their possession any description of firearms, or other weapon, not issued to them by proper authority. QQ REGULATIONS FOR THE POLICE OF QUARTERS. 180. No Cadet shall remove from the room as- signed to him without permission from the Com- mandant of Cadets. 181. Every Cadet, on rising in the morning, shall neatly fold his comforter, blankets, and sheets, and place these, with his pillow, in a pile on the top of the bedstead, folded with the mattress in it. He shall hang up his extra clothing, put such articles in the clothes-bag as it is intended to contain, and arrange all his effects in the prescribed order. 182. Every Cadet shall attend to the good order and arrangement of his own arms, accoutrements, clothing, and other effects ; the Orderly shall attend to the general police of the room, and shall require each occupant to discharge his proper duty. 183. Cadets shall prepare their clothes for the laundress immediately after reveille, on Mondays and Thursdays, during the time that summer uni- form is worn, and on Mondays, during the time that winter uniform is worn. 184. No Cadet shall throw water from any room in the barracks upon the gallery. 185. No Cadet shall throw any thing from the windows, doors, or galleries of the barracks. 186. No Cadet shall have in his room any article of furniture not prescribed. 187. No Cadet shall keep a light after taps at night, unless he be the officer of the day, Superin- tendent of subdivision, Adjutant, Quartermaster, or UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 67 Assistant Professor ; but all lights, except that of the officer of the day, shall be extinguished at 11 o'clock. 188. No Cadet shall play on any musical instru- ment on Sunday, nor in study hours on any other day. 189. No Cadet shall play at any game with cards, nor at any other game but chess or backgammon, and these only in recreation hours, with the permis- sion of the Superintendent, and shall in no case bet or wager any sum of money or other thing. 190. Cadets shall walk the halls and galleries of the barracks, and pass up and down stairs, in study hours, with as little noise as possible ; running, loud talking, scuffling, or unnecessary noise in barracks, are strictly prohibited at all times. 191. Every Cadet leaving his room on a necessary occasion, or for water, when the sentinels are on post, shall report his departure and return to every sentinel he passes, and shall be absent as short a time as possible. 192. No Cadet shall enter or stop at the guard- room during study hours. 193. Whenever a Cadet receives permission to be absent from his quarters during study hours, or for any duty, he shall show his permit to the officer in charge and the Superintendent of his division, and shall leave it with the officer of the day. 194. No Cadet shall post any placard or notice upon any of the public buildings, or affix to the 68 REGULATIONS FOR THE walls of his room any map, picture, or piece of writing, or drive a nail in the walls or timbers of the barracks, without the permission of the Com- mandant of Cadets. 195. No Cadet shall mark, cut, or in any manner deface or injure the public buildings. 196. No Cadet shall throw missiles or stones of any description in the vicinity of the barracks or other buildings. 197. jSTo Cadet shall introduce a citizen into the barracks during study hours, upon any pretence whatever. ORDERLIES OF ROOMS. 198. There shall be an Orderly detailed for each room occupied by the Cadets, who shall perform the duties until he is relieved by the proper officer. 199. The Orderly shall see that the names of his room-mates are on the orderly board, his own name being the first or upper name on the board. 200. He shall be held responsible for the preser- vation of all public property attached to his room, for the common use of its occupants. 201. He shall be held responsible for the cleanli- ness of the room, the proper arrangement of its contents, and for the strict observance of regula- tions and orders therein. 202. Every morning, immediately after reveille,, he shall thoroughly sweep every part of the floor of his room, brush the dust from the furniture, etc., * UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 69 and sweep the dirt collected out of the room, but shall not sweep dirt into the halls of the barracks during the remainder of the day. 203. He shall see that a light is in his room with- in ten minutes after evening call to quarters. 204. Every night, after tattoo and before taps, he shall cause all the lights in the rooms to be care- fully extinguished. 205. He shall answer promptly and fully to every question put to him by an Officer, or by a Cadet on duty. SUPERINTENDENTS OF DIVISIONS. 206. Each of the Instructors of Infantry Tactics shall superintend a company of Cadets and its com- pany quarters, and shall see that the regulations are duly observed therein. He shall superintend or instruct at the military exercise of his company, and be responsible for the proper observance of all parade and roll-calls. 207. He shall inspect the rooms of his division three times between reveille and tattoo, lie shall also frequently inspect between tattoo and reveille. 208. He shall, after his inspection on Saturday morning, direct the Orderlies of such rooms as arc not in good order to be continued for the same duty for the ensuing week. 209. He shall every morning make to the Com- mandant of Cadets a report, in writing, of all delin- quencies that may have come to his knowledge since his last report, and of the condition of each 70 REGULATIONS FOR THE room, with regard to police, specifying those in the best and those in the worst order, and the names of the orderlies. SUPERINTENDENTS OF SUBDIVISIONS. 210. Each division of quarters, -under the super- intendence of the Assistant Instructor of Tactics, shall be subdivided, and each subdivision shall be placed under the superintendence of one of the officers of the corps, who shall be charged with the immediate care of its police, and the preservation of general good order therein. 211. The Superintendent of a subdivision of quarters, in case of any noise or scuffling, or other improper conduct, in any room, hall, or gallery under his charge, shall repair instantly to the spot, and suppress the irregularity, order the parties to their rooms, and forthwith report the circumstances to the Superintendent of his division, or to the officer in charge. 212. He shall keep a roster of the occupants of each room of his subdivision, and shall, every Sat- urday morning, personally direct those whose turn it is to enter upon their duties as Orderlies for the ensuing week, except in cases otherwise directed by the Superintendent of division. 213. He shall communicate to the occupants of the rooms under his charge such orders as may be given by the Superintendent of division, relative to the police, and shall cause them to be strictly ob- served. UNIVERSITY OP ALABAMA. 71 214. He shall visit every room in his subdivision immediately after taps at night, and shall ascertain, by minute inspection, whether the duties of the Orderly have been properly performed, and whether the occupants of the room are all present and in bed. He shall cause the Orderlies and others, in every case of neglect observed at this visit, to com- ply strictly with the regulations, and shall report the result of his inspection to the officer in charge. 215. He shall also visit and thoroughly inspect all rooms under his charge thirty minutes after re- veille, immediately after which he shall make a report in writing to the Superintendent of his divi- sion, subjoining thereto the word "certified," with his signature. COMMANDANT OF CADETS. 216. The Commandant of Cadets shall make a minute inspection of the rooms, furniture, etc., of the Cadets, at least once a week, and will make a special report thereon to the Superintendent. 217. He will also make occasional inspections of quarters after taps. 218. He shall prescribe the order in which the furniture, bedding, books, clothing, equipments, etc., shall be arranged throughout the barracks. 219. He shall make a report to the Superintendent every morning, between eight and nine o'clock, of the condition of the barracks and of the discipline of the Cadets, noting specially such matters as may require his consideration and action. 72 REGULATIONS FOR THE 220. He shall be responsible for the safe keeping and good order of all arms, accoutrements, and other public property in use by the Cadets. OFFICER IN CHARGE. 221. Each of the Assistant Instructors of Tactics shall be detailed, in turn, as officer in charge for the day ; his tour to commence at guard-mounting. 222. He shall superintend the performance of all the duties of the day which do not require the pres- ence of the Commandant, and see that they are per- formed according to regulations and orders. 223. He shall promptly correct all irregularities which may occur in the barracks, or in their vicinity ; and shall be at the guard-room at taps to receive the reports of Inspectors. 224. He shall be present at class parades and roll- calls during his tour, and shall not absent himself from the barracks or their vicinity, except at meal- times, without the approbation of the Commandant of Cadets. OFFICER OF THE DAY. 225. The officer of the day shall be detailed generally from the roster of Cadets acting as officers. 226. He shall, after receiving his guard, report for orders to the Commandant of Cadets, and shall receive and obey such orders as may be given him, during his tour, by the officer in charge. UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 73 227. He shall give the guard the orders of the day; regulate the reliefs, and have such of the guard dis- missed as are not required for duty. 228. He shall cause the sentinels to be posted at proper times, shall visit them ten minutes after they are posted, and see that they are properly in- structed in their duties. 229. He shall cause all academic signals to be sounded at the proper times. 230. He shall superintend the formation of the classes and sections, require the marchers to report the absentees, and to preserve good order on parade, and while marching to and from the section-rooms, and shall not leave the parade ground until all the sections have reached their recitation rooms. 231. He shall be present at all parades and roll- calls during his tour, and require the absentees to be reported to him. He shall then immediately seek all reported to him as absent, and order them to repair forthwith wherever it may be their duty to be. If the duty ceases with the roll-call, he will, nevertheless, seek the individual, to ascertain his presence or absence from the post. He shall report to the officer in charge all whom he does not find, and all such as fail to obey his orders. 232. He shall, immediately after the roll-call for Church on Sundays, inspect all the quarters, make the proper reports against those who have been re- ported absent, and report any others whom he may find in quarters. 233. He shall take prompt and effectual measures 3 74 REGULATIONS FOR THE for suppressing all irregularities and disturbances that may occur in or near the barracks. 234. He shall station himself in or near the guard- room, between reveille and taps, constantly, except when absent on duty or at meals. 235. He shall be held responsible for all public property deposited in the guard-room. 236. He shall report to the officer in charge, for orders, immediately after taps. He shall then im- mediately (unless otherwise ordered) visit the rooms of all Cadets who are reported absent, and he shall repeat his visits at intervals of fifteen minutes to the room of each absentee till his return. 237. On the back of his guard report he shall note all violations of the regulations which may have come to his knowledge during the tour, stating the name of each delinquent, with a clear and precise description of his offence, and the circumstances of time and place when they are not necessarily un- derstood ; he shall also state, particularly, the orders given him by any authorized officer, and the time at which each absentee at taps returned to his room ; and he will subjoin to his report the word "certi- fied," with his signature. SENTINELS. 238. There being, perhaps, no better test of sol- diership and the discipline of a command than the manner in which the duties of sentinels are per- formed, Cadets should understand the honor and responsibility of a soldier on post. UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 75 239. All persons, of whatever rank, are required to observe the greatest respect towards sentinels, and no officer or other person shall make use of any expression, language, or gesture, to a Cadet on post. 240. Every sentinel shall obey the orders of the Commandant of Cadets, Superintendent of Division, Officer in Charge, Officer of the Day, and the Officers and Non- Commissioned Officers of the Guard. 241. At evening parade each First Sergeant shall warn the Cadets of his company who are detailed to mount guard the ensuing day, always taking those for this duty first who have been the longest off*. The guard thus detailed shall be on duty all night, at least one sentinel being on post at a time. 242. Every Cadet of the guard shall appear at guard-mounting in perfect order. 243. Cadets detailed for guard shall wear their side-arms when not on post, and shall not, during their tour, leave the University. 244. As soon as a sentinel is posted in the bar- racks, he shall visit every room under his charge, see that all the occupants are present, and order (if it be in study hours) every Cadet whom he may find visiting, to go to his room. If he fail to obey the order, he shall forthwith call the Sergeant of the guard and report his disobedience. 245. Every sentinel on post, when the call "to quarters" is sounded, shall visit the rooms under his charge, ten minutes after such call, and report those Cadets who shall not have obeyed the call. 76 REGULATIONS FOR THE 246. "No sentinel shall permit a violation of the regulations to take place within the limits of his post, without taking proper measures to prevent it ; nor shall he fail, in any case, to call for the Cor- poral of the guard, and report to him immediately every such violation which comes within his obser- vation or knowledge while on post, and the name of every Cadet who, during his tour, shall have been absent from his room in study hours longer than ten minutes. 247. Any Cadet who shall neglect his guard-duty by deserting, or sleeping on his post, or in any manner impair the securit}^ of the public property by the neglect of the duties devolving upon the guard by law, shall be dismissed, or otherwise less severely punished. 248. Any non-commissioned officer of the guard who shall fail to post his relief at the prescribed hour or hours after taps, shall be subject to the penalty attached to the neglect of duty of a sen- tinel, under paragraph 247. 249. The Sergeant of the Guard shall parade and inspect every relief at the proper time. 250. In all cases not provided for in the forego- ing paragraphs, the service of the guard shall be performed as prescribed by the general regulations of the Confederate States Army. ARRESTS. 251. The Superintendent and Commandant of UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 77 Cadets alone have the power to arrest a Cadet, ex- cept in cases of mutiny, direct disohedien.ce of orders, or gross disrespect to a superior officer, in which cases offenders may be arrested ; but all such arrests shall be promptly reported, through the Commandant of Cadets, to the Superintendent for his approbation. 252. Every Cadet arrested shall confine himself forthwith to his quarters until released, (unless otherwise specially ordered,) except when required to be absent therefrom for the performance of some of his academic or military duties, (to all of which, except those of guard, he shall strictly attend,) and except on a necessary occasion, and for the purpose of going to the mess hall for his meals. 253. Every Cadet charged with breach of arrest shall be tried, and, if found guilty, shall be dis- missed. 254. When a Cadet is confined to the limits of barracks, camp, or the . University, any breach of such confinement will subject him to the penalty prescribed by paragraph 253 for breach of arrest. 255. When a Cadet is under arrest or confine- ment to his room, barracks, camp, or the Univer- sity grounds, he will not apply for any permission to go beyond such limits, unless impelled thereto by strong emergency, and when thus impelled he will make personal application to the Superintend- ent, in writing, setting forth in such application that he is under arrest, and the reasons for which he desires the permission which he asks. 78 REGULATIONS FOR THE 256. No general permit granted to Cadets to go beyond the limits of the University will be valid to any Cadet under arrest or confinement, except for attendance at church in the morning on the Sab- bath ; and any Cadet who shall go beyond the limits for other purposes, when under arrest or confinement, upon such general permit, will sub- ject himself to the penalty of paragraph 253. SICK. 257. At the " Surgeon's Call," the sick not in the hospital shall be conducted to the dispensary by the First Sergeant of each company, who will pre- sent to the Surgeon the company-book, in which the names of the sick are registered, and no Cadet shall be conducted to or report to the Surgeon at the dispensary whose name is not registered on the company-book. 258. Cadets requiring medical attendance at times other than those specified in the regulations or orders, are to report the fact to the Officer in Charge, who, according to his judgment, will either send for the Surgeon or send the Cadet to the hos- pital to see the Surgeon, under charge of an officer or non-commissioned officer of the guard, or un- der such other charge as he may find expedient at the time. 259. Every Cadet excused by the Surgeon from all duties shall be sent to the hospital. 260. The sick Cadets who remain in quarters UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 79 shall not leave their rooms, except for the perform- ance of some duty, or of taking exercise at such times as the Surgeon may have prescribed, with the approbation of the Superintendent; but no such Cadet shall, for any purpose whatever, be absent from his room during any drill, parade, or roll-call from which he shall have been excused by the Surgeon. 261. The sick in hospital shall obey all orders of the Surgeon, and all such police regulations as he may prescribe, with the approbation of the Super- intendent. 262. No Cadet shall go to the hospital unless previously examined and sent there by the Surgeon, except he be sent there as provided by paragraph 258. 263. Ko Cadet shall visit any patient in the hos- pital without a written permission, signed by the Surgeon, and approved by the Superintendent. Every such permission must be left with the Stew- ard of the hospital. 264. All individuals, be their rank or situation what it may, are positively prohibited entering the Cadets' hospital, unless accompanied by the Sur- geon, or some other officer of the Universit} r , or the "Officer of the Day." COMMONS. 265. The Commandant of Cadets is Inspector of the Commons, and will report to the Sujierintendcnt 80 REGULATIONS FOR THE all irregularities in the hall, and every infraction of the mess regulations. 266. The Inspector of the Commons shall ap- point from the officers of the corps a Superintend- ent of the mess hall, and as many Assistant Superin- tendents as he may deem necessary. 267. The Cadets shall be divided into as many squads as there are tables in the mess hall, and the Inspector shall appoint from the officers of the corps a Carver, and from the non-commissioned officers two Assistant Carvers to each squad. 268. As many squads as the Inspector may ap- point shall constitute a section, and each section shall be under the control of one of the Assistant Super- intendents of the hall. 269. The Carvers and Assistant Carvers will cause all regulations to be observed by those at the tables over which they preside, and shall report all viola- tions of the same to the Assistant Superintendents of their respective sections, who will report these violations to the Superintendent of the hall, such report to be transmitted by him to the In- spector. 270. At the signals for breakfast, dinner, and supper, the sections will be formed at such place and in such manner as shall be prescribed by the Com- mandant. 271. Every Cadet of the University shall take his meals at the mess hall. 272. Every Cadet shall march to meals, except the Officer of the day, and the Sergeant and Cor- UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 81 porals of the Guard not immediately on duty ; the latter shall precede the corps to the mess hall. 273. The corps will be received at breakfast, din- ner and supper by the non-commissioned officer having command of the first, second, and third reliefs respectively, and the non-commissioned officer who receives the corps will remain in the hall till the arrival of the relief, which was on post during the meal. 274. The Sergeant or Corporal who receives the corps at the hall shall report any Cadet who may enter the hall before the arrival of the corps, or between its departure and the arrival of the relief which was on post. 275. Each Cadet shall have the particular place at table to which his place in the ranks corresponds, such place not to be changed without the permis- sion of the Superintendent of the hall. 276. All unnecessary or loud talking is prohibited. The Carvers and Assistant Carvers only shall call on the waiters. ^ 277. Wasting, or taking from the mess hall pro- visions or mess furniture, is strictly prohibited. 278. Any non-commissioned officer of the guard who shall fail to report any Cadet who may enter the hall before or after the corps when he has charge, or during the time that his relief is in the hall, shall be reduced to the ranks. 279. The Superintendent of the ball shall see that every Cadet, except those remaining on duty leaves the hall at the command "Rise. 82 REGULATIONS FOR THE 280. The non-commissioned officer commanding the relief on post during a meal, shall, after the return of the corps, march his relief to the hall. He shall preside at the guard table, and see that the ( mess regulations are observed, all violations of which he shall report to the Inspector of the Commons. 281. No Cadet shall go to the Commons, or ap- proach the building occupied by the Steward, except on duty, at any other time or in any other manner than is above prescribed. 282. If any Cadet shall consider any article of the fare provided at his table to be tainted, or other- wise unsuitable for use, he may. report the fact to the Superintendent of the hall, who shall communi- cate the report (with a sample of the provisions complained of) to the Commandant of Cadets. EXCUSES. 283. Any Cadet reported for a delinquency shall express his excuse in writing, upon blank forms, (with which he will always keep himself supplied,) and submit the same, neatly folded, to the Com- mandant of Cadets, before his first orderly hour after the publication of the report on parade. 284. Any Cadet who shall present a false excuse shall be dismissed; and any Cadet who shall pre- sent a disrespectful excuse shall be punished accord- ing to the degree of the offence, and the report for which such excuse shall have been presented shall not be removed. UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 83 285. No Cadet shall address an Officer or Cadet who has reported him for a delinquency on the subject of such report, unless specially permitted by the Superintendent or Commandant of Cadets ; and every Officer or Cadet having made such report against a Cadet shall hold no conversation with him relating to it, unless referred to with the proper permission. 286. AVhen a Cadet is reported absent from quar- ters, or from any duty, he shall be required to ren- der an excuse or explanation for the same; and when it is not stated that he was at the time in the barracks, or within the Cadets' limits, he will be considered as having been beyond the said limits, and liable to be punished accordingly. 287. All absences from quarters at night, which are unauthorized, will be considered as involving special penalty. 288. Appeals to the Superintendent, for a recon- sideration of reports for delinquencies, will not be entertained except during the week on which said reports are recorded, except in cases where it is im- practicable to apply for a reconsideration within that time. Such appeals must be made in writing. 289. Cadets having over 175 demerit for the year will be considered on probation for the next year, and the limits of their demerit for that year will be fixed at 175. Any Cadet on probation exceeding 17") demerit within the year, will be, "ipso dismissed. 290. Any Cadet Officer having 50 demerit for 84 REGULATIONS FOR THE any one quarter shall be forthwith reduced to the ranks. 291. Form of Excuse for Delinquency : (Date.) , 18 . Report, Cadet . Excuse : Respectfully submitted : (Name of Cadet.) Cadet of Univ. Ala. To Colonel , Commandant Corps of Cadets. Endorsement for the above excuse on the reverse and at the top, the whole not to extend more than three inches below the top : Excuse of Cadet , Date Referred to Remarks. recitations. 292. The class sections shall assemble at their respective hours, at such place as shall be prescribed by the Commandant. 293. Silence and soldier-like deportment are en- joined on all Cadets while on class parade, and while marching to and from their recitation-rooms. No Cadet shall have his book open in ranks. UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 85 294. Every Cadet, unless he be an Assistant Pro- fessor, or excused, shall assemble and march with his section. 295. No Cadet shall go to his quarters during the attendance of his section in the recitation-room, unless in case of sickness, when he must immedi- ately report to the proper officer. 296. No Cadet shall leave his class-room without the permission of his instructor, nor shall request such permission until one hour from his entrance has elapsed ; nor then, except on a necessary occa- sion. 297. Every Cadet permitted to leave the class- room shall return as quickly as possible. Any one who remains out more than ten minutes shall be reported by the Instructor in his weekly class report. SECTION MARCHER. 298. The Cadet whose name stands first on the roll shall be the Marcher of his section. 299. The Marcher, as soon as the signal is given, shall form his section at the place of assembling, in two ranks. 300. He shall then call the roll, and note each absentee, whose name he shall give to the Officer of the Day. 301. He shall march his section to the lecture- room, under the direction of the Officer of the Day, in an orderly and soldier-like manner. 302. He shall cause the Cadets of his section to 86 REGULATIONS FOR THE take seats in the lecture-room, in the order of their names on the roll. 303. While a section is under the charge of the Marcher, he shall be responsible, in the absence of the Professor or Instructor of the section, for any injury done to the public buildings, or other public property, and for the good order of his section. 304. When dismissed by the Instructor, he shall form his section as before, and march it, in like manner, to the place where it assembled, and there dismiss it. 305. He shall report in writing to the Officer of the Day every violation of the regulations which has been committed by any member of the section of which he is the Marcher, while in the recitation- room, or while marching to and from it. 306. Whenever a Marcher is not present with his section, the next highest on the roll shall perform the duties of Marcher, and shall be obeyed as such. INSTRUCTORS. 307. Every Instructor shall note, in his weekly class report, the name of each Cadet of the section under his immediate charge who has been delin- quent, with the time and description of his of- fence. 308. He will also state in his report the progress made during the week by his section, and the par- ticular subject on which it has been engaged. 309. He will hand his weekly report to the Super- UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 87 intendent on Friday, between four and four and a half o'clock P. M. 310. The Assistant Professors shall present their class reports to their respective Principal Professors, by whom they shall be transmitted to the Super- intendent. 311. No Instructor will dismiss his section before the proper signal is made, without mentioning the same, with the reasons for so doing, on his weekly report, nor shall he detain his section after the sig- nal to dismiss it has been sounded. SOCIETIES, ETC. 312. No society shall be organized among the Cadets without a special license from the Superin- tendent ; nor shall any assembly of Cadets be held for this or any other purpose, without his express permission, promulgated in orders. TEMPORARY REGULATIONS. 313. The Superintendent is authorized to pre- sciibe, temporarily, such regulations for the general government of the University, and the Command- ant of Cadets such of discipline or police, as may be herein omitted, and experience may show to be necessary, which shall be reported to the Board of Trustees at its next meeting, and, when approved by them, shall be permanent. 88 REGULATIONS FOR THE COMPLIMENTS. 314. Cadets shall, at all times, salute all the Officers and Professors of the University, whether in uniform or not, the Governor of the State, mem- bers of the Board of Trustees, and Officers of the Confederate States Army or State Militia, when visiting the University in uniform. 315. If a Cadet is seated w T hen an Officer ap- proaches him, he will rise, stand in the position of a soldier, and respectfully salute him by raising his hand to the visor of his cap. ORDER OF ATTENDING CHURCH. 316. The Cadets will be marched to church every Sunday morning, (weather permitting,) and will attend the several churches in the following order : Company A. Company B. 1st Sunday in the month Methodist Presbyterian. 2d " " " Presbyterian Baptist. 3d " " " Baptist Episcopal. 4th " " " Episcopal Methodist. 5th " " " At the discretion of the officers commanding companies. The Cadet staff will attend one of the churches attended by the companies. 317. As no preference is given to any religious sect or denomination in the University, officers commanding companies will be held responsible for their faithful compliance with the order in para- UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. 89 graph 316, that the principle of the University may not be violated by their neglect or caprice. RESPONSIBILITY OF CADETS ON LEAVE OF ABSENCE. 318. Cadets on leave of absence are not exempted from conforming to all those regulations which pre- scribe propriety of conduct on the part of a Cadet, but will, in all cases of violation, be liable to punish- ment according to the nature of the offence. 319. Should the Superintendent have cause to know that the conduct of any Cadet while on leave of absence has been immoral or improper, he will immediately notify the parent or guardian of such Cadet of the same, to the end that he do not return to the University. 320. A Cadet, on leave of absence, will report for duty by "guard mounting" on the morning after the date on which his leave expires. 321. No Cadet, on leave of absence, shall remain in the vicinity of the University, (except when his parent or guardian resides there,) unless specially authorized to do so. 322. A Cadet returning from leave of absence be- fore such leave expires, will report for duty by "guard mounting" on the morning after his return. REGULATIONS. 323. A copy of these regulations will be depo- in each room of the barracks, for the safe keeping of which the Orderly will be held responsible, and 90 UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. it is made the duty of Inspectors of Divisions, to the Commandant of Cadets, to see that this regula- tion is complied with. APPENDIX. -*•»- EXTRACTS FROM THE (itar&I gtplafams at fyt ^rmg OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA. EXTRACTS FROM THE GENERAL REGULA- TIONS FOR THE ARMY. ARTICLE XXXVI. DAILY DETAILS AND DUTIES. 384. The daily duties must be announced in orders, and the officers to perform it are to be de- tailed according to the rules of the roster. 385. The number and rank of the officers for daily duty are to be regulated by the strength and cir- cumstances of the camp or garrison. 386. Independently of the officers detailed for guard duty, the officers for daily duty will be as follows : 387. In large camps there will be a general officer of the day for each division ; a field officer of the day for each brigade; a captain of the day for each regiment; and such general and regimental staff officers of the day as may be necessary to attend to the various details, and to receive and execute orders, according to their respective stations. In every regiment and garrison, besides the officer of the day, there will be detailed daily, if the strength of the garrison will permit, a subaltern, four non- commissioned officers, a drummer, and such fatigue parties as circumstances may require for the police 94 EXTRACTS FROM THE of regiment or garrison. In small commands, sub- alterns may be detailed for duty as officers of the day, and they will also discharge the duties of offi- cers of police. The officers thus detailed are to remain in camp or garrison during their tours of duty. 388. The General of the day is to superintend the regularity and discipline of the camp in every par- ticular ; he is to visit the guards of the camps and the outposts ; he is to call out and inspect the in- lying pickets as often and at such times as he thinks proper; he is to receive all reports in camp, and make immediate communication of any extraordi- nary circumstance to the General-in-Chief. 389. The Field Officer of the day has the immediate superintendence of the camp of the brigade; he is to be present at the mounting and dismounting of all the brigade guard, particularly of the inlying pickets, which are always considered under his com- mand ; he is to call them out to inspect them, to order such patrols from them as he may judge ne- cessary to insure the regularity and order of the camp ; and in the event of the inlying pickets being ordered to march, he is to march with them. 390. The Captain or Subaltern of the day, of each regiment, superintends the cleanliness and regularity of the camp or quarters of the regiment ; he attends the parading of all regimental guards, and orders the roll to be called frequently, and at unexpected periods, and reports every thing extraordinary to the commanding officer ; he is to visit the hospital at GENERAL # REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 95 various hours, and make a report of its state to the commanding officer of the regiment or gar- rison. 391. The Adjutant of the day, of the brigade, is to assist the general staff officer of the day in the various details of it, and, in his absence, to perform his duty as such and attend for orders at head- quarters. 392. The officer of police, under the direction of the officer of the day, is to make a general inspec- tion into the cleanliness of the camp or garrison. ARTICLE XXXVII. "honors to be paid by the troops." 395. The President is to be saluted with the highest honors — all standards and colors dropping, officers saluting arms, drums beating and trumpets sounding. 396. The same compliments will be paid to the Vice-President. 397. A Major-General commanding-in-chief is to be received by cavalry, with swords drawn, trumpets sounding the march, and all the officers saluting, standards dropping ; by infantry, with drums beat- ing the march, colors dropping, officers saluting, and arms presented. 398. A Major- General is to be received, by cavalry, with swords drawn, trumpets sounding twice the trumpet flourish, and officers saluting; by infantry. 96 EXTRACTS FROM THE with three ruffles, colors dropping, officers saluting, and arms presented. 399. A Brigadier- General is to be received, by cavalry, with swords drawn, trumpets sounding once the trumpet nourish, and officers saluting ; by infantry, with two ruffles, colors dropping, officers saluting, and arms presented. 400. An Adjutant- General, or Inspector- General, if under the rank of a general officer, is to be received at a review, or inspection of the troops under arms, by cavalry, with swords drawn, officers saluting; by infantry, officers saluting, and arms presented. The same honors to be paid to any field officer authorized to review and inspect the troops. When the inspecting officer is junior in rank to the officer on the parade, and in the command of the troops to be inspected, no compliments will be paid ; he will be received only with swords drawn and arms shouldered. 401. All guards are to turn out and present arms to general officers as often as they pass them, except the personal guards of general officers, which turn out only to the Generals whose guards they are, and to officers of superior rank. 402. To Colonels, the guards of their own regi- ments turn out and present arms once a day ; after which they turn out with shouldered arms. 403. To Lieutenant- Colonels and Majors, their own guards turn out with shouldered arms once a day ; at other times with ordered arms. 404. When the command of a regiment devolves GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 97 on a Lieutenant- Colonel, or Major, the regimental guards will pay him the same compliment as is ordered for the Colonel. 405. Officers in command of forts or garrison have a right to the complimentary honors from the troops under their command which are due to the rank one degree higher than the rank they actually hold in the line of the army. 406. To the Secretary of State, Treasury, War, and Navy Departments, and other members of the Cabinet, to the Chief Justice, the President pro tempore of the Senate, and Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Confederate States, and to Governors within their respective States arid Territories, the same honors will be paid as are specified for a Major-General com- manding-in-chief. 407. Officers belonging to any foreign service, who may call at any camp or garrison, by invitation from the commander of the camp or garrison, may be complimented with the honors due to their rank or quality. 408. American and Foreign Envoys or Ministers will be received with the compliments due to a Major- General. 409. The colors of a regiment passing a guard are to be saluted with the utmost respect — the trumpets sounding, and the drums beating a n Kirch. 410. Where two regiments meet on their march, the regiment inferior in rank is to halt, ami form in parade order, and salute the other regiment, 98 EXTRACTS FROM THE which proceeds on its march, with swords drawn and bayonets fixed, trumpets sounding or drums beating, standards or colors flying until it has cleared the front of the regiment which has halted. 411. Where guards present their arms, the officers, on all occasions, salute with their swords. 412. Where general officers, or persons entitled to salute, pass in the rear of a guard, the officer is only to make his men stand shouldered, and not to face his guard about, or beat his drum. 413. Where general officers, or persons entitled to a salute, pass guards while in the act of relieving, both guards are to salute, receiving the word of command from the senior officer of the whole. 414. All guards are to be under arms when armed parties approach their posts ; and to parties com- manded by commissioned officers, they are to pre- sent their arms, drums beating a march, and officers saluting. 415. No compliments by guards or sentinels will be paid between retreat and reveille, except as pre- scribed for grand rounds. 416. All guards and sentinels are to pay the same compliments to the officers of the navy, marines and militia in the service of the Confederate States as are directed to be paid to the officers of the army, according to their relative ranks. 417. It is equally the duty of non-commissioned officers and soldiers, at all times and in all situations, to pay the proper compliments to officers of the navy and marines, and to officers of other regiments, GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 99 when in uniform, as to officers of their own par- ticular regiments and corps. 418. Courtesy among military men is indispensa- hle to discipline. The good or the brave officer or soldier is always respectful toward superiors. His respect will not he confined to martial obedience, but will be extended to other occasions. Thus it is always the duty of the inferior to accost or to offer first the customary salutation, and of the superior to return such complimentary notice. 419. Sergeants with swords drawn will salute by bringing them to a recover; with muskets, by bringing the left hand across the body, so as to strike the musket near the right shoulder. Cor- porals out of the ranks will carry their muskets at a shoulder, as Sergeants, and salute in like manner. 420. When a soldier without arms, or with side- arms only, meets an officer, he will continue to move on, but he is to raise his hand to his cap, looking at the same time in a respectful and sol- dier-like manner at the officer, who will make a suitable acknowledgment to the compliment thus offered. 421. A non-commissioned officer or soldier being seated, and without particular occupation, will rise on the approach of an officer, and make the cus- tomary salutation. If standing, it would be proper \o turn toward the officer for the same purpose. If the parties remain in the same place, or on the same ground, such compliments would not in general be repeated. 100 EXTRACTS FROM THE "SALUTES." 422. The national salute is determined by the number of States composing the Confederacy, at the rate of one gun for each State. 423. The President of the Confederate States alone is to receive a salute of twenty-one guns. 424. The Vice-President is to receive a salute of seventeen guns. 425. The Heads of the great Executive Departments of the National Government ; the Major- General com- manding the army ; the Governors of States and Terri- tories within their respective jurisdictions, fifteen guns. 426. A Major- General, thirteen guns. 427. A Brigadier- General, eleven guns. 428. Foreign Ships of War will be saluted in return for a similar compliment, gun for gun, on notice being officially received of such intention. If there be several posts in sight of or within six miles of each other, the principal only shall reciprocate compliments with ships passing. 429. Officers of the navy will be saluted according to relative rank. 430. Foreign officers invited to visit a fort or post may be saluted according to their relative rank. 431. Envoys and Ministers of the Confederate States and foreign powers are to be saluted with* thirteen guns. 432. All officers of the army having rank above that of Colonel, whether of the line or staff, by GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 101 brevet or otherwise, will be complimented, on offi- cial visits, by salutes according to their highest rank, provided they be senior to the officer in com- mand where the visit is made. 433. A general officer will be saluted but once in a year at each post, and only when notice of his in- tention to visit the post has been given. 434. Salutes to individuals are to be fired on their arrival only. 435. A national salute will be fired at meridian on the anniversary of the Independence of the Confederate States, at each military post and camp. ESCORTS OF HONOR. 436. Escorts of honor may be composed of cav- alry or infantry, or both, according to circumstances. They are guards of honor, for the purpose of re- ceiving and escorting personages of high rank, civil or .military. The troops for this purpose will be selected for their soldierly appearance and superior discipline. 437. The manner of receiving and escorting the personage is as follows : 438. The escort will be drawn up in line, the centre opposite to the place where the personage presents himself, with an interval between the wings to receive the personage and his retinue. On his appearance, he will be received with the honors due to his rank. When he has taken his place in the line, the whole will be wheeled into 102 EXTRACTS FROM THE platoons or companies, as the case may be, and take up the march. The same ceremony will be ob- served and the same honors paid on his leaving the escort. 439. When the position of the escort is at a con- siderable distance from the point where the person- age is expected to be received, as for instance where a court-yard or wharf intervenes, a double line of sentinels will be posted from that point to the escort, facing inward, and the sentinels will suc- cessively salute as the personage passes. 440. An officer will be appointed to attend the personage escorted, to bear such communications as he may have to make to the commander of the escort. FUNERAL HONORS. 441. On the receipt of official intelligence of the death of the President of the Confederate States at any post or camp, the commanding officer shall, # on the following day, cause a gun to be fired at every half-hour, beginning at sunrise and ending at sun- set. When posts are contiguous, the firing will take place at the post only commanded by the supe- rior officer. 442. On the day of the interment of a Major- General commanding-in-chief, a gun will be fired at every half-hour until the procession moves, begin- ning at sunrise. 443. The funeral escort of a Major- General com- manding-in-chief shall consist of a regiment of GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 103 infantry, a squadron of cavalry, and six pieces of artillery. 444. That of a Major- General, a regiment of in- fantry, a squadron of cavalry, and four pieces of artillery. 445. That of a Brigadier- General, a regiment of infantry, one company of cavalry, and two pieces of artillery. 446. That of a Colonel, a regiment. 447. That of a Lieutenant-Colonel,, six compa- nies. 448. That of a Major, four companies. 449. That of a "Captain, one company. 450. That of a Subaltern, half a company. 451. The funeral escort shall always be command- ed by an officer of the same rank with the deceased, or, if none such be present, by one of the next in- ferior grade. 452. The funeral escort of a non-commissioned staff officer shall consist of sixteen rank and file, commanded by a Sergeant. 453. That of a Sergeant, of fourteen rank and file, commanded by a Sergeant. 454. That of a Corporal, of twelve rank and file, commanded by a Corporal ; and, 455. That of a private, of eight rank and file, commanded by a Corporal. 456. The escort will be formed in two ranks, op- posite to the quarters or tent of deceased, with shouldered arms and bayonets fixed, the artillery and cavalry on the right of the infantry. 104 EXTRACTS FROM THE 457. On the appearance of the corpse, the officer commanding the escort will command, Present — Arms ; when the honors due to the deceased will be paid by the drums and trumpets. The music will then play an appropriate air, and the coffin will then be taken to the right, where it will be halted. The commander will next order, 1. Shoulder — Arms. 2. By company, (or platoon,) left wheel. 3. March. 4. Column forward. 5. Guide right. 6. March. 458. The column will be marched, in common time, to appropriate music; and on reaching the grave, will take a direction so as that the guides shall be next to the grave. When the centre of the column is opposite the grave, the commander will order, 1. Column. 2. Halt. 3. Right into line, wheel. 4. March. The coffin is then brought along the front to the opposite side of the grave, and the commander then orders, Present — Arms. And when the coffin reaches the grave, he adds, 1. Shoulder — Arms. 2. Order — Arms. 3. Parade — Kest. GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 105 459. After the funeral service is performed and the coffin is lowered into the grave, the commander will order, 1. Attention, company. 2. Shoulder— Arms. 3. Load at will. 4. Load. When three rounds of small-arms will be iired by the escort, taking care to elevate the pieces. 460. This being done, the commander will order, 1. By company, {or platoon,) right wheel. 2. March. 3. Column forward. 4. Guide left. 5. QuickMAB.cn. The music will not begin to play until the escort is clear of the enclosure. 461. The pall-bearers, six in number, will be se- lected from the grade of the deceased, or from the grade or grades next above or below it. 462. At the funeral of an officer, as many in com- mission, of the army, division, brigade, or regiment, according to the rank of the deceased, as can con- veniently be spared from other duties, will join in procession in uniform and with side arms. The funeral of a non-commissioned officer or private will be attended in like manner, by the non-commis- sioned officers or privates of the regiment or com- pany, according to the rank of the deceased, with side arms only. 463. Persons joining in the procession, follow the coffin in the inverse order of their rank. 464. The usual badge of military mourning is a piece of black crape around the left arm, and also 4 106 EXTRACTS FROM THE upon the sword hilt; and will he worn when in full or in undress. 465. As family mourning, crape will he worn hy officers (when in uniform) only around the left arm. 466. The drums of a funeral escort will he covered with hlack crape or thin hlack serge. 467. Funeral honors will he paid to deceased offi- cers, without . military rank, according to their as- similated grades. ARTICLE XXXVIII. INSPECTIONS OF THE TROOPS. 468. The inspection of troops as a division, regi- ment, or other body composing a garrison or com- mand, not less than a company, will generally he preceded by a review. 469. There will be certain periodical inspections, to wit: 1. The commanders of regiments and posts will make an inspection of their commands on the last day of every month. 2. Captains will inspect their companies every Sunday morning; and Lieutenants will inspect their squads every Wednesday morning. 3. Medical officers having charge of hospitals, will also make a thorough inspection of them every Sunday morning. 4. Inspection when troops are mustered for pay- ment. GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 107 470. Besides these inspections, frequent visits will be made by the commanding officer, company, and medical officers, during the month, to the men's quarters, the hospital, guard-house, etc. FORM OF INSPECTION. 471. The present example embraces a battalion of infantry. The inspecting officer, and the field officers and staff officers, will be on foot. 472. The battalion being in the order of battle, the Colonel will cause it to break into open column of companies, right in front. He will next order the ranks to be opened, when the color-rank and color-guard, under the direction of the Adjutant, will take post ten paces in front, and the band ten paces in rear of the column. 473. The Colonel seeing the ranks aligned will command : 1. Officers and Sergeants. 2. To the front of your com- panies. 3. March. The officers will form themselves in one rank, eight paces, and the non-commissioned officers in one rank, six paces in advance, along the whole fronts of their respective companies, from right to left, in the order of seniority ; the pioneers and music of each company in one rank, two paces behind the non-commissioned officers. 474. The Colonel will next command : 1. Field and Staff. 2. To the front — March. 108 EXTRACTS FROM THE The commissioned officers thus designated will form themselves in one rank, six paces in front of the colors, from right to left, in the order of seniority ; and the non-commissioned staff, in a similar man- ner, two paces in rear of the preceding rank. The Colonel seeing the movement executed, will take post on the right of the Lieutenant-Colonel, and wait the approach of the inspecting officer. But such of the field officers as may he superior in rank to the inspector will not take post in front of the battalion. 475. The inspection will commence in front. After inspecting the dress and general appearance of the field and commissioned staff under arms, the Inspector, accompanied by these officers, will pass down the open column, looking at every rank in front and rear. 476. The Colonel will now command: 1. Order arms. 2. Rest ; when the Inspector will proceed to make a minute inspection of the several ranks or divisions, in suc- cession, commencing in front. 477. As the Inspector approaches the non-com- missioned staff, color-rank, the color-guard, and the band, the Adjutant will give the necessary orders for the inspection of -arms, boxes, and knapsacks. The colors will be planted firm in the ground, to enable the color-bearers to display the contents of their knapsacks. The non-commissioned staff may be dismissed as soon as inspected ; but the color- GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 109 rank and color-guard will remain until the colors are to be escorted to the place from which they were taken. 478. As the Inspector successively approaches the companies, the Captains will command: 1. Attention. 2. Coynpany. 3. Inspection of arms. The inspecting officer will then go through the whole company and minutely inspect the arms, ac- coutrements, and dress of each soldier. After this is done, the Captain will command : Open — Boxes ; when the ammunition and the boxes will be ex- amined. 479. The Captain will then command : 1. Shoulder — Arms. 6. To the rear, open order. 2. Close order. 7. March. 3. March. 8. Front rank, about face. 4. Order — Arms. 9. Unsllng knapsacks. 5. Stack — Arms. 10. Open knapsacks. 480. The Sergeants will face inward and close upon the centre at the 2d and 3d commands, and will stack their arms at the 5th command ; at the 6th and 7th commands, they will face outward, and resume their positions. When the ranks are closed, preparatory to take arms, the Sergeants will also close upon the centre, and at the word take their arms, and resume their places. 110 EXTRACTS FROM THE 481. The knapsacks will be placed at the feet of the men, the flaps from them, with the great-coats on the flaps, and the knapsacks leaning on the great-coats. In this position the Inspector will ex- amine their contents, or so many of them as he may think necessary, commencing with the non- commissioned officers, the men standing at atten- tion. 482. When the Inspector has passed through the company, the Captain will command : Repack — Knapsacks ; when each soldier will repack, and buckle up his knapsack, leaving it on the ground, the number upwards, turned from him, and then stand at rest. 483. The Captain will then command : 1. Attention. 2. Company. 3. Sling — Knapsacks. At the word sling, each soldier will take his knap- sack, holding it by the inner straps, and stand erect ; at the last word, he will replace it on his back. The Captain will continue, 4. Front rank, about face. 8. Shoulder — Arms. 5. Close order. 9. Officers and Sergeants, 6. March. to your posts. 7. Take — Arms. 10. March. And will cause the company to file off to their tents or quarters except the company that is to re-escort GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. Ill the colors, which will await the farther orders of the Colonel. 484. In an extensive column, some of the rear- most companies may, after the inspection of dress and general appearance, be permitted to stack arms, until just before the Inspector approaches them, when they will be directed to take arms and resume their position. 485. The inspection of the troops being ended, the Held and staff will next accompany the Inspector to the hospital, magazine, arsenal, quarters, sutler's shop, guard-house, and such other places as he may think proper to inspect. The Captains and subal- terns will precede him in his visits to their compa- nies and sections respectively. 486. The hospital being at all times an object of particular interest, it will be critically and minutely inspected. 487. The men will be formed in the company quarters, in front of their respective bunks, and on the entrance of the Inspector the word Attention will be given by the senior non-commissioned officer present, when the whole will salute with the hand, without uncovering. 488. The Inspector will examine the general arrangement of the interior of the quarters, the bunks, bedding, cooking and table utensils, and such other objects as may present themselves; and afterwards the exterior. 489. The Adjutant will exhibit to the Inspector the regimental books and papers, including those 112 EXTRACTS FROM THE relating to the transactions of the Council of Ad- ministrations. The company books and papers will also be exhibited, the whole together, generally at the Adjutant's office, and in the presence df the officers not otherwise particularly engaged. 490. The inspection of cavalry and artillery will conform to the principles laid down in the foregoing paragraphs, regard being had to the system of instruction for those arms of service re- spectively. AETICLE XL. FORMS OF PARADE. 500. On all parades of ceremony, such as Re- views, Guard-mounting, at Troop or Retreat Pa- rades, instead of the word "Rest" which allows the men to move or change the position of their bodies, the command will be, "Parade — Rest." At the last word of this command, the soldier will carry the right foot six inches in rear of the left heel, the left knee slightly bent, the body upright upon the right leg; the musket resting against the hollow of the right shoulder, the hands crossed in front, the backs of them outward, and the left hand upper- most. .At the word "Attention," the soldier will resume the correct position at ordered arms. In the positions here indicated, the soldier will remain silent and motionless ; and it is particularly enjoined upon all officers to cause the commands above GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 113 given, on the part of the soldier, to be executed with great briskness and spirit. 501. Officers on all duties under arms are to have their swords drawn, without waiting for any words of command for that purpose. "I. DRESS PARADE." 502. There shall be daily at least one dress par- ade, which may be at troop or retreat, as the com- manding officer may direct, or at both beats, should he think proper so to order. The parade at troop will be termed the morning parade, and that at retreat the evening parade. In either case it will be conducted as follows : 503. A signal will be beat, or sounded, half an hour before troop or retreat, for the music to assem- ble on the regimental parade. At the same time, each company will turn out under arms, on its own parade, for roll-call and inspection by its own officers. 504. Ten minutes after that signal the Adjutants call will be given, when the companies will be marched (the band playing) to the regimental par- ade, where they will be formed in their relative positions in the order of battle, arms ordered and at a rest, the officers at their post, on foot, with swords drawn, the Adjutant on the right of the line. The music will be formed in two ranks on the right of the Adjutant, and from the Adjutant's call to troop or retreat, the band will pin v. Tl e 114 EXTRACTS FROM THE senior officer present will take command of the parade, and will take post at a suitable distance in front, opposite the centre, facing the line. 505. Ten minutes after the Adjutant's call, the Adjutant will order the music to beat off, when it will commence on the right, beat in front of the line to the left, and back to its place on the right. 506. When the music has ceased, the Adjutant will step two paces to the front, face the line, and command : 1. Attention. 2. Battalion. 3. Shoulder — Arms. 4. Prepare to open ranks. 5. To the rear, open order. 6. March. 7. Right — Dress. At the sixth command, the ranks will be opened according to the system laid down in the Infantry Tactics, the commissioned officers marching to the front, the company officers four paces, field officers six paces, opposite to their positions in the order of battle, where they will halt and dress. The Adju- tant seeing the ranks aligned, will command : Front ; and march along the front to the centre, face to the right, and pass the line of company officers eight or ten paces, where he will come to the right-about, and give the word, Present — Arms ; when arms will be presented, officers saluting. GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 115 507. Seeing this executed, he will face about to the commanding officer, salute, and report, "Sir, the parade is formed." The Adjutant will then, on intimation to that effect, take his station three paces on the left of the commanding officer, one pace re- tired, passing round his rear. 508. The commanding officer having acknow- ledged the salute of the line by touching his hat, will, after the Adjutant has taken his post, draw his sword, and command : 1. Battalion. 2. Shoulder — Arms; and add such exercises as he may think proper, concluding with, Order — Arms. 509. The Adjutant will now pass round the right of the commanding officer, advance upon the line, halt midway between him and the line of company officers, and command : 1. First Sergeants, to the front and centre. 2. March. At the first word they will shoulder arms as Ser- geants, march two paces to the front, and face in- wards. At the second word, they will march to the centre and halt. The Adjutant will then order: 1. Front — Face. 2. Report. At the last word, each in succession, beginning on 116 EXTRACTS FROM THE the right, will salute, by bringing the left hand smartly across the breast to the right shoulder, and report the result of the roll-call, previously made on the company parade. 510. The Adjutant again commands: 1. First Sergeants, outward — Face. 2. To your posts — March ; when they will resume their places and order arms. The Adjutant will now face to the commanding officer, salute, and give the result of the First Ser- geant's reports. The commanding officer will next direct the orders to be read, when the Adjutant will face about and announce : Attention to orders. He will then read the orders. 511. The orders having been read, the Adjutant will face to the commanding officer, salute, and report ; when, on an intimation from the com- mander, he will face again to the line, and an- nounce, The parade is dismissed. All officers will now return their swords, face in- wards, and close on the Adjutant, he having taken position in their line, the field officers on the flanks. The Adjutant gives the word : 1. Front — Face. 2. Forward — March; GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 117 when they will march forward, dressing on the cen- tre, the music playing ; and when within six paces of the commander, the Adjutant will give the word, Halt, The officers will then salute the commanding officer, by raising the hand to the cap, and there remain until he shall have communicated to them such in- structions as he may have to give, or intimates that the ceremony is finished. As the officers disperse, the First Sergeants will close the ranks of their respective companies, and march them to the com- pany parades, where they will he dismissed, the band continuing to play until the companies clear the regimental parade. 512. All company officers and men will be present at dress parades, unless especially excused, or on some duty incompatible with such attendance. 513. The dress parade being essential to insure the complete equipment and neatness of the troops, as well as to exhibit them under arms at least once a day, commanding officers will be held responsible that they are not dispensed with, except on extra- ordinary and urgent occasions. II. REVIEW. 514. Preparatory to a review, the Adjutant will cause a camp-color to be placed 80 or 100 paces, or more, according to the length of the line, in front of and opposite to where the centre of the 118 EXTRACTS FROM THE battalion will rest, where the reviewing officer is supposed to take his station ; and although he may choose to quit that position, still the color is to he considered as the point to which all the movements and formations are relative. 515. The Adjutant will also cause points to he marked, at suitable distances, for the wheelings of the division, so that their right flanks, in marching past, shall only be about four paces from the camp- color, where it is supposed the reviewing officer places himself to receive the salute. 516. The battalion being formed in the order of battle, at shouldered arms, the Colonel will com- mand, 1. Battalion prepare for review. 2. To the rear, open order. 8. March. At the word March, the field and staff" officers dismount, the company officers and the color rank advance four paces in front of the front rank, and place themselves opposite to their respective places, in the order of battle. The staff" officers place themselves, according to rank, three paces on the right of the rank of company officers, and one pace from each other ; the music advances through the centre and forms in two ranks, (the band in front,) between the colors and the line ; the color-guard replace the color- rank ; the Sergeant-Major and the Quartermaster-Sergeant take post one pace from each other, and three paces on the right of the front rank of the battalion. GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 119 517. When the ranks are aligned, the Colonel will command, Front ; and place himself eight paces and the Lieutenant- Colonel and Major will place themselves two paces in front of the rank of company officers, and oppo- site to their respective places in the order of hattle, all facing to the front. 518. When the reviewing officer presents himself before the centre, and is fifty or sixty paces distant, the Colonel will face about, and command, Present — Arms ; and resume his front. The men present arms, and the officers salute so as to drop their swords with the last motion of the firelock. The non-commis- sioned staff salute by bringing the sword to a poise, the hilt resting on the breast, the blade in front of the face, inclining a little outward. The music will play, and all the drums beat, ac- cording to the rank of the reviewing officer. The colors only salute such persons as, from their rank, and by regulation, (sec An. X XXVII.,) arc entitled to that honor. If the reviewing officer be junior in rank to the commandant of parade, no compli- ment will be paid to him, but he will be received witli arms carried, 519. The reviewing <>f]i<'er having halted, and acknowL dged the salute <>'' the line by touching 120 EXTRACTS FROM THE raising his cap or hat, the Colonel will face about and command, Shoulder — Arms ; when the men shoulder their pieces; the officers and non-commissioned staff recover their swords with the last motion, and the Colonel faces to the front. 520. The reviewing officer will then go toward the right, the whole remaining perfectly steady, without paying any further compliment, while he passes along the front of the battalion, and pro- ceeds round the left flank, and along the rear of the file-closers to the right. "While the reviewing officer is going round the battalion, the band will play, and will cease when he has returned to the right flank of the troops. 521. When the reviewing officer turns off to place himself by the camp-color in front, the Colonel will face to the line and command, 1. Close Order. 2. March. At the first command, the field and company officers will face to the rujht-eibout, and at the second com- mand all persons, except the Colonel, will resume their places in the order of battle ; the field and staff officers mount. 522. The reviewing officer having taken his position near the camp - color, the Colonel will command, GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 121 1. By convpany, right wheel. 2. Quick — March. 3. Pass in review. 4. Column, forward. 5. Guide right. 6. March. The battalion, in column of company, right in front, will then, in common time, and at shouldered arms, be put in motion ; the Colonel four paces in front of the Captain of the leading company ; the Lieu- tenant-Colonel on a line with the leading company; the Major on a line with the rear company; the Adjutant on a line with the second company; the Sergeant-Major on a line with the company next preceding the rear : each six paces from the flank (left) opposite to the reviewing officer; the staff officers in one rank, according to the order of pre- cedency, from the right, four paces in rear of the column ; the music, preceded by the principal musician, six paces before the Colonel ; the pioneers, preceded by a Corporal, four paces before the prin- cipal musician ; and the Quartermaster-Sergeant two paces from the side opposite to the guides, and in line with the pioneers. 523. All other officers and* non-commissioned officers will march past in the places prescribed for them in the march of an open column. The guides and soldiers will keep their heads steady to the front in passing in review. 524. The color-bearer will remain in ranks while passing and saluting. 525. The music will begin to play just after the Leading company has completed the se^oii'l wh- 122 EXTRACTS FROM THE taking particular care that they play in the same time or cadence as that in which the column is marching, and wheel to the left out of the column, and take a position opposite to and facing the reviewing officer, and will continue to play until the rear of the column shall have passed him, when it will cease and follow in the rear of the battalion, unless the battalion is to pass in quick time also, in which case it will keep its position. (See paragraph 531.) 526. The officers will salute the reviewing officer when they arrive within six paces of him, and re- cover their swords when six paces past him. All officers in saluting will cast their eyes towards the reviewing officer. 527. The Colonel, when he has saluted, at the head of the battalion, will place himself near the reviewing officer, and will remain there until the rear has passed, when he will rejoin the battalion. 528. The colors will salute the reviewing officer when within six paces of him, and be raised when they have passed by him an equal distance. The drums will beat a march or ruffle, according to the rank of the reviewing officer, at the same time that the colors salute. 529. When the rear of the column has passed the reviewing officer, the Colonel will command, 1. Battalion. 2. Guide left. And the column will be directed, by turning to the GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 123 left, to the ground which it previously occupied, when the Colonel will command, 1. Column. 2. Halt. 3. Left into line, ivheel. 4. March. 530. "When the line is formed in order of battle, the Colonel will cause the ranks to be opened, the officers taking post in front, and the review will terminate by the whole saluting, as at the begin- ning. 531. If, however, instructions have been previ- ously given to march the troops past in quick time also, the Colonel will, instead of halting the column and wheeling it into line, as above directed, give the command, 1. Quick time. 2. March. At which command the column will change the time of marching, and pass by the reviewing officer either at shouldered or at support arms ; and no salute will be offered by either officers or men. The music will have kept its position opposite the reviewing officer, and will commence playing at the same time as is directed when the battalion passes in common time, and as the column ap- proaches, will place itself in front of and march off with the column, and continue to play until the battalion is halted on its original ground of forma- tion. The review will terminate in the same man- ner as prescribed above. 124 EXTRACTS FROM THE 532. The Colonel will afterward cause the troops to perform such exercises and manoeuvres as the reviewing officer may direct. 533. When two or more battalions are to be re- viewed, they will be formed in parade order, with the proper intervals, and will also perform the same movements that are laid down for a single battalion, observing the additional directions that are given for such movements when applied to the line. The Brigadier and his staff, on foot, will place them- selves opposite the centre of the brigade : the Brig- adier two paces in front of the rank of Colonels ; his Aids two paces on his right, and one retired ; and the other brigade staff officers, those having the rank of field officers, in the rank of Lieutenant- Colonels and Majors ; and those below that rank in the rank of company officers. 534. In passing in review, a Major-General will be four paces in front of the Colonel of the leading battalion of his division ; and the Brigadiers will be on the right of the Colonels of the leading bat- talions of their brigades ; staff officers on the left of their Generals. 535. Upon occasions when the line exceeds two battalions, the reviewing officer may, at his option, to save time, cause them to march past in quick time. In such cases the mounted officers only will salute. 536. A number of companies less than a battalion will be reviewed as a battalion, and a single com- pany as if it were with the battalion. In the latter GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 125 case the company may pass in column of pla- toons. 537. If several brigades are to be reviewed to- gether, or in one line, this further difference will be observed : the reviewing personage, joined by the General of the division, on the right of his division, will proceed down the line parallel to its front, and when near the Brigadiers respectively will be saluted by their brigades in succession. The music of each, after the prescribed salute, will play while the reviewing personage is in front or in rear of it, and only then. 538. The battalions will take, in marching, inter- vals between them of forty paces. 539. In marching in review, with several battal- ions, in common time, the music of each succeed- ing battalion will commence to play when the music of the preceding one has ceased, in order to follow its battalion. When marching in quick time, the music will begin to play when the rear company of the preceding battalion has passed the reviewing officer. 540. The reviewing officer or personage will acknowledge the salute by raising or taking off his cap or hat when the commander of the troops sa- lutes him, and also when the colors pass. The re- mainder of the time occupied by the passage of the troops he will be covered. 541. The review of cavalry and artillery will be conducted on similar principles, and according to the systems of instructions for those arms of ft 126 EXTRACTS FROM THE III. " GUARD MOUNTING." 542. Camp and garrison guards will be relieved every twenty-four hours. The guards at outposts will ordinarily be relieved in the same manner, but this must depend on their distances from camp, or other circumstances, which may sometimes require their continuing on duty several days. In such cases they must be previously notified to provide themselves accordingly. 543. Thirty minutes before guard mounting a call will be sounded for the men warned for duty to turn out on their company parades for inspection "by the First Sergeants, -superintended by a commis- sioned officer of each company. Ten minutes after, a second call will be sounded for the duty men to repair to the regimental or garrison parade, con- ducted by the First Sergeants. Each detachment as it arrives will, under the direction of the Adjutant, take post on the left of the one that preceded it, in open order, arms shouldered, and bayonets fixed; the supernumeraries five paces in the rear of the men of their respective companies. If the guards are intended for the grand parade, they will take post in the order prescribed above, under the direc- tion of the general staff officer, or his assistant, the Adjutant of the day. 544. The following regulations respecting mount- ing guards are drawn up with reference to the grand parade ; with a few obvious variations, they will equally apply to regimental or garrison parade. GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 127 545. The ranks being opened and aligned, the officers of guards will at the word "front" take post twelve paces in front of the centre, in one line, ac- cording to rank, and with swords drawn : the Ser- geants in one rank, four paces in the rear of the officers ; and the Corporals in one rank, four paces in the rear of the Sergeants ; the whole facing to the front. 546. The Adjutant of the day will dress the lines, count the files, verify the details by reference to the written orders, and tell off the guards, whilst the general staff officer appoints the officers and non- commissioned officers to the several guards, and designates the post which they are to occupy. 547. The staff officer will then command : 1. Officers and non-commissioned officers. 2. About — Face. 3. Inspect your guards — March. The commander of each guard then commands : 1. Order arms. 2. Inspection of arms. The two highest in rank of each guard will divide the ranks between them, accompanied by the other officers, and inspect accordingly; during the in- spection the band will play. 548. The inspection ended, the officers and non- commissioned officers will take post in their r> ive guards, as though each guard were a company of a battalion, in open order, under review; at which time, also, the officers of the day will take post in 128 EXTRACTS FROM THE front of the centre of the guards, the old officer of the day on the right of the new officer of the day, one pace retired. 549. The staff officer will now command : 1. Parade — Rest. 2. Troop — Beat off; when the music, beginning on the right, will beat down the line in front of the officers of the guards, to the left, and back to its place on the right, where it will cease to play. 550. The staff officer continues, 1. Attention. 2. Shoulder — Arms. 3. Close order — March. At the word "close order" the officers will face about; at "march," resume their posts in line. The officers having taken their posts in line, the staff officer will command : Present — Arms. At which he will face to the new officer of the day, salute and report, "Sir, the guards are formed." The new officer of the day, after acknowledging the sa- lute, will give the necessary instructions to the staff officer, who will cause the same to be executed, the staff" officer giving the word of command. But if the staff officer should be senior to the officer of the day, he would report without saluting with the sword, and immediately retire. In this case the Adjutant of the day would be instructed to give the GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 129 orders in the following paragraph, or the officer of the day would give them himself. 551. The guard having shouldered arms, and per- formed such exercises as may be required by the officer of the day, the staff officer will again com- mand : 1. By guard, (or platoon,) right wheel. 2. March. 3. Bass in review. 4. Column forward. 5. Guide right. 6. March; when the whole will march past the officer of the day according to the order of review, conducted by the staff officer, marching on the left of the first di- vision ; the Adjutant of the day on the left of the last division. 552. When the column has passed the officer ot the day, the guards will break off under their re- spective commanders, and take the route to the several posts assigned them, the staff officers break- ing off at the same time ; the music for the parade, which has wheeled out of column and taken post opposite the officer of the day, will cease, and the old officer of the day salute, and give the old or standing orders to the new officer of the day. The supernumeraries, at the same time, will be marched by the First Sergeants to their respective company parades, and dismissed. 553. Guards which are assigned to new posts, will be conducted to and established in them by the officer of the day, and the staff officer detached from head-quarters for the purpose. 130 EXTRACTS FROM THE 554. In bad weather, the ceremony of turning off guards on the usual parades may be dispensed with by the officer of the day, and the inspection be made under shelter. Also, in case of guards which may have to mount in the night, or at the close of the day, after fatiguing marches, the ceremony of turn- ing off may be dispensed with ; but never that of inspection. 555. The officer of the day will always be present at guard mounting. No other officer, except a gen- eral officer, will interfere with or give any order on the parade to the staff officer on duty there. The commander of the troops or garrison, though under the rank of General, is of course an exception to this rule. 556. The regiment that furnishes the Adjutant of the day, will also furnish the music for the grand parade. 557. The guards are to move in the greatest order to their respective posts, marching by platoons when the road will permit. 558. The officer of the old guard having his guard paraded, on the approach of the new guard, com- mands : Present- — Arms. 559. The new guard will march, in quick time, past the old guard, at shouldered arms, officers salut- ing, and take post three or four paces on its right, where, being aligned with it, its commander will order : GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 131 Present — Arms. The two officers will then approach each other, and the relieving officer take his orders from the relieved. Both officers will then return to their respective guards and command: 1. Shoulder — Arms. 2. Order — Arms. 560. The officer of the new guard will now direct his Sergeant to make a list of the guard, dividing them into three reliefs, and placing the most steady and experienced at the body of the guard, and at the remote and responsible posts ; and will himself proceed to take possession of the guard-house or guard-tent, and the articles and prisoners in charge of the guard. 561. During the time of relieving the sentinels, and of calling in the small posts, the commanders of the two guards will, when near the enemy, visit the avenues leading to the post, the old commander giving to the new all the information he may pos- sess relative to the enemy. 562. The detachments and sentinels from the old guard having come in, it will be marched at shoul- dered arms along the front of the new guard, in quick time, the new guard standing at presented arms ; offi- cers saluting, and the music of both guards beating, except at the outposts, where it is prohibited. 563. On* arriving at the camp or post, the com- mander will send the detachments composing it, under the charge of an officer or non-commissioned 132 EXTRACTS FROM THE officer, to their respective regiments, unless the offi- cer of the day should be present to inspect the old guard, when he will cause the same to be done under their proper officers. Before the men are dismissed, their pieces will be drawn, or discharged at a target; on rejoining their companies, the chiefs of squads will examine the arms, etc., of their men, and cause the whole to be put away in good order. 564. When the old guard has marched off fifty paces, the officer of the new guard will order his men to stack their arms, or place them in the arm- racks. 565. The commander of the guard will then make himself acquainted with all the instructions for his post, visit the sentinels, and question them, the offi- cers and non-commissioned officers, relative to the instructions they may have received from other per- sons of, the old guard. IV. RELIEVING SENTINELS. 566. Sentinels will be relieved every two hours, unless the state of the weather, or other causes, should make it proper or necessary that it be done at shorter or longer intervals. 567. The first relief having been designated, and ordered two paces to the front, the Corporal of the new guard will take charge of it, and go to relieve the sentinels, accompanied by the Corporal of the old guard, who will take command of the old senti- nels when the whole are relieved. 568. If the sentinels are numerous, the Sergeants GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 133 are to be employed, as well as the Corporals, in re- lieving them. 569. The relief, with arms at a support, in two ranks, will march by a flank, conducted by the Cor- poral on the side of the leading- front rank man ; and the men will be numbered alternately in the front and rear rank, the man on the right of the front rank being No. 1. Should an officer approach, the Corporal will command, carry arms, and resume the support amis when the officer is passed. 570. The sentinels at the guard-house, or guard- tent, will be the first relieved and left behind, the one most distant will be the next relieved, and the others in succession, as the relief returns to the guard. 571. When a sentinel sees the relief approaching, he will halt and face to it with his arms at a shoulder. At six paces the Corporal will command : 1. Relief. 2. Halt; when the relief will halt and carry arms. The Cor- poral will then add, "No. 1," or "No. 2," or "No. 3," according to the number of the post, Arms — Port. The two sentinels will, with arms at port, then approach each other, when the old sentinel, under the direction of the Corporal, and in his hearing, will whisper the instructions to the new sentinel. This done, the two sentinels shoulder arms, and the old sentinel will pass, in quick time, to his place in 134 EXTRACTS FROM THE rear of the relief. The corporal will then com- mand : 1. Relief. 2. Support — Arms. 3. Forward. 4. March ; and the relief proceeds in the same manner, until the whole are relieved. 572. A relief is always to be marched in the greatest order, and the Corporals will be answerable that the sentinels, when relieving, perform their motions with spirit and exactness. V. RECEPTION OF THE OFFICER OF THE DAY BY THE GUARD. 573. When the sentry before the guard perceives the officer of the day approach, he will call, " Turn out the guard, officer of the day /" when the guard will be paraded, and salute him with presented arms. 574. When the officer of the day approaches the sentry before the guard, at night, the latter will challenge, " Who comes there f" and the first will an- swer, " Officer of the day." The sentinel will reply, "Halt; turn out the guard ; officer of the day!" The guard will be paraded, and the commander of it will direct the Sergeant to advance, who will say, u Ad- vance, officer of the day, with the countersign." The offi- cer of the day will give the countersign, when the Sergeant, turning to the officer of the guard, says, " The countersign is right." The officer of the guard will then say, "Advance, officer of the day." He may GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 135 also demand the parole if he thinks necessary. The guard will stand at shouldered arms. 575. The officer of the day will examine the guard; see that they are vigilant; that none are absent; and that their arms and accoutrements are in order; that the officers and non-commissioned officers are acquainted with their duty ; and that the sentinels are properly posted, and have received proper orders. VI. GRAND ROUNDS. 576. The Officer of the Day, wishing to make his rounds, will direct an escort of a non-commissioned officer and two men to accompany him. 577. When the rounds are challenged by a sen- tinel, the Sergeant will answer, "Grand rounds," and the sentinel will reply, "Halt, grand rounds. Ad- vance, Sergeant, with the countersign." Upon which the Sergeant advances and gives the countersign. The sentinel will then cry, "Advance, rounds," and stand at a shoulder until they have passed. 578. When the sentinel before the guard chal- lenges, and is answered "Grand romids," he will reply, "Halt, grand rounds. Turn out the guard; grand rounds." Upon which the guard will turn out, and be drawn up in good order, at shouldered arms, the officers taking their posts. The officer commanding the guard will then order a Sergeant and two men to advance towards the rounds, and challenge. When within ten paces, the Sergeant will halt, and challenge briskly. The Sergeant of 136 EXTRACTS FROM THE the grand rounds will answer, " Grand rounds.'''' The Sergeant of the guard replies, "Stand, grand rounds. Advance, Sergeant, with the countersign." The Sergeant of the rounds advances alone, and having given the countersign, returns to his round. The Sergeant of the guard calls to his officer, "The coun- tersign is right-" on which the officer of the guard calls, "Advance, rounds." The officer of the rounds then advances alone, the guard standing at shoul- dered arms. The officer of the rounds passes along the front of the guard immediately to the officer, who keeps his post on the right, and gives him the parole. He then examines the guard, orders back his escort, and, demanding a new one, proceeds in the same manner to other guards. 579. All material instructions given to a sentinel on post, by persons entitled to make grand rounds, ought to be promptly notified to the commander of the guard. 580. All general officers, as well as the com- mander of the post or garrison, may visit the guards, and go the grand rounds, and be received in the same manner as prescribed for the officer of the day. ARTICLE XLL OFFICER OF THE DAY. 622.. As soon as the new guard has been marched off, the officer of the day will repair to the quarters of the commanding officer, and report himself, and GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 137 receive such further instructions as may be neces- sary. 623. The officer of the clay must see that the officer of the guard is furnished with the parole and countersign before retreat. 624. The officer of the day will visit the guards frequently duriug the day, at such times as he may deem necessary; and will also make his rounds when he visits the guard at night, which must be done after 12 o'clock. 625. Upon being relieved, the officer of the day will make such remarks, in the report of the officer of the guard, as circumstances require, and present the same at headquarters. OFFICER OF THE GUARD. 626. It is the duty of officers on all guards to in- spect all reliefs of sentinels, both when they go on and come off their posts ; to call the rolls frequently, and, by every means in their power, to keep the men under their command in the most perfect state of vigilance and preparation. They will be respon- sible for the security of the prisoners and property committed to their charge ; it will be their duty to suppress all riots and disorders, and in case of hre to give the alarm, and be instrumental in extin- guishing it. They are also watchfully to superin- tend the conduct of the non-commissioned offic taking care that they are correct in the performance of their duty, that they maintain a proper authority, and prevent every species of irregularity among the men. The}' must particularly ascertain that the 5 138 EXTRACTS FROM THE guards, except while visiting their sentinels ; nor are they to enter any house or place of public amusement. Corporals themselves are well informed with respect to the orders they are to deliver to the several sen- tinels, whom they must frequently visit, to be as- sured that they know their duty and have received the proper instructions. 627. Officers commanding guards, when going to visit their sentinels, are to mention their intention, and the probable time of their absence, to the next officer in command. 628. The officers are to remain constantly at their 629. Neither officers nor soldiers are, on any ac- count, to take off their clothing or accoutrements while they are on guard, but are always to be in their uniform, fully equipped for the service. 630. The officer who mounts the camp guard must give orders to the sentinels not to suffer any person to pass in or out of camp, except by one of the guards, nor then, till the officer of the guard has examined him. 631. The officer of the guard must see that the countersign is duly communicated to the sentinels a little before twilight. 632. In case one of the guard deserts, the officer of the guard must immediately change the counter- sign, and send notice thereof to the officer of the day, who is to communicate the same to the other guards, and to headquarters. 634. The officer of the guard will send to the officer of the day at guard-mounting, by a non- commissioned officer, a report of his tour of service. GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 139 according to the following form, a copy of which will be left with the officer who relieves him : Report of a guard mounted at , on the , and relieved on the PAROLE. S the guard was visited by the officers 8 of the day; and an account of every material circumstance 4 that baa transpired during his tour. Also a Dote of any dam 5 age done to guard-hone tent. List of Prisoners. Confined. Names. B o o i lharges. 3entenc'a Rems : 1 1 When. By whom. 8 8 ■ A. B., Lieut, of Regiment of , ■nn an ding the Guard. 140 EXTRACTS FROM THE DUTIES OE SENTINELS. 636. Sentinels will not allow themselves to be re- lieved, except by an officer or non-commissioned officer of their guard or party ; nor will they receive orders from any other than such persons, or the commanding officer, or the officer of the day ; which orders will be immediately notified to the com- mander of the guard, by the officer giving them. 637. Orders or instructions to sentinels will be given in the most distinct manner, and they will be held strictly accountable that all rules or regulations depending upon their vigilance and attention be punctually observed, or that breaches of them be immediately reported. 638. Sentinels must take the greatest care not to be surprised. They must keep themselves on the alert, observing every thing that takes place within sight and hearing, and will habitually walk their posts briskly to and fro. They will carry their arms at support, or on either shoulder, but will never quit them, or bring them to an order. In wet weather, if ther^be no sentry-box, they will secure arms. 639. For a sentinel to quit his post without leave, is one of the most serious military offences. It is also forbidden to sentinels to hold conversation with any person, when not necessary for the proper dis- charge of their duty. 640. During the day, sentinels on the outposts must stop every party of men whether armed or not, until they have been examined by the officer of the guard. 641. A sentinel placed over the colors or arms, must suffer no person to touch them, except by or- GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 141 der of some officer, or a non-commissioned officer of the guard. If placed over a magazine or arsenal, or over supplies of any kind, he will call for the " Corporal of the Guard" if any person under the rank of officer wishes to enter or touch them. Placed over prisoners, he must suffer no person except an officer, or a non-commissioned officer of his guard, to converse with them ; nor must he permit the prisoners to leave their place of confinement. 642. In case of disorder, a sentinel must call out, "the guard ;" and if afire take place, he must cry "fire!" adding the number of his post. If in either case the danger be great, he must discharge his fire- lock before calling out. 643. It is the duty of sentinels to repeat all calls made from posts more distant from the main body of the guard than their own, and no sentinel will be posted so distant as not to be heard by the guard, either directly or through other sentinels. 644. Sentinels will present arms to general and field officers, to the officer of the day, and to the commanding officer of the post. To all otljAr officers they will carry arms. 645. When a sentinel in Lis sentry-bos an officer approaching, he will stand at attention, and as the officer passes, will salute him by bringing the left hand briskly to the musket, as high as 1 1 1 « * ri shoulder. 646. The sentinel at the guard-house, or L r n;ml- tent, when he sees any body of troo] 9, or an officer entitled to compliment approach, must call "turn th< guard! 1 ' 142 EXTRACTS FROM THE 647. Though the regulations dispense with guards turning out as a matter of compliment after sunset, yet sentinels will, when officers in uniform approach their posts, pay them proper attention, by facing to their proper front, and standing steady, shouldered arms. This will be observed until the evening is so far advanced that the sentinels begin challenging. 648. Immediately after receiving the countersign, and until reveille, sentinels must challenge all who approach them. They must not suffer any person to advance nearer than the point of their bayonet, until they have received the countersign, placing themselves in the position of "arms port" for that purpose. 649. A sentinel in challenging will call out, "who comes there?" If answered — "friend with the counter- sign" and he be instructed to pass persons with the countersign, he will reply, " advance, friend, ivith the countersign!" If answered "friends" he will reply, " halt, friends, advance one with the countersign" If an- swered — "relief," "patrol," or "grand rounds," he will repls — "halt! advance Sergeant (or Corporal) with the countersign," and satisfy himself the party is what it represents itself to be. If he have no authority to pass persons with the countersign, if the wrong countersign be given, or if persons have not the countersign, he will cause them to stand, and call, " Corporal of the guard !" 650. All persons, of whatever rank in the service, are required to observe the greatest respect towards sentinels; and no officer, or other person, shall make use of any opprobrious terms towards a sol- GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 143 dier on his post, or attempt to maltreat him in any manner, under pain of being punished for a breach of discipline. ARTICLE LV. ORDERS. . 902. Orders are either general or special. General orders, issued from the head-quarters of the army, are styled General orders ; from other head-quarters, they are simply styled Orders. They are the orders of the day, and are published as circumstances may render it necessary. They announce the orderly hours at head-quarters ; the times and places of the distributions of supplies ; the time and order of march ; the hours of the different beats and signals, of guard mounting, and the assembling of detach- ments ; the regulations of police ; the strength and composition of guards, and the periods of their relief; the number and grades of orderlies, the acts of Con- gress, and the regulations of the War Department, which have reference to the troops, and with which they ought to be made acquainted ; the appointing of General Courts Martial, Courts of Inquiry, Boards of officers, and their sentences and opinions; the commendations or animadversions which the con- duct of the troops may elicit, as well as exhortations suitable to particular occasions ; and in general every occurrence proper to be communicated to the troops, or others interested. 903. Special orders are such orders as do not re- late to the service in general. They have reference to particular objects and individuals only. They need not, therefore, be published to the whole army. 144 GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. or to the whole command of the officer who issues them. Besides the particular individual to whom such orders may he sent direct, they are to be com- municated as a matter of course to Colonels, or other commanders whom they interest. 907. The parole, and countersign, or watchword, are issued from the head-quarters of the highest in com mand. They are in the nature of orders, but are neither general nor special. 908. The head of the order will indicate the source from which it emanates, as well as the place and date, and the foot of the order will cite the name of the commander who gives the order. EXTRACT FROM O'BRIEN OK" COURTS- MARTIAL. ON BREACHES OF ARREST. " The breach of arrest described in the article, has always been held as a 'very heinous crime and been severely punished. It is looked upon as a violation of honor, pledged either expressly or tacitly, by the accused party. It is considered that his arrest is one on honor, and that he is freed from the pain of imprisonment only because his word is understood to be given that he will conform to the restraint im- posed. The often ce is deemed similar to that of a prisoner of war who violates his parole. The breach of arrest may consist either in transgressing the limits prescribed, or in violating the particular con- ditions implied or expressly stipulated in the arrest."