LAW LIBRARY 
 
 Duke University 
 durham, n. c. 
 
 w,. flat ^/<?J/ 
 
 DUKE LAW LIBRARY 
 
 L00303714I 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2015 
 
 https://archive.org/details/journalofpublics01 geor 
 
JOURNAL 
 
 OF THE 
 
 PUBLIC AND SECRET PROCEEDINGS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CONVENTION OF THE PEOPLE 
 
 OF 
 
 <3r 33 O HL X -£L 9 
 
 Held in Milledgeyille axd Sayaxxah^ix 1861. 
 TOGETHER WITH THE ORDINANCES ADOPTED. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE CONVENTION. 
 
 MILLEDGEYILLE, GA. : 
 BOUGHTOX, XISBET & BARNES, STATE PRIXTERS. 
 
 is 61. 
 
JOURNAL OF THE CONVENTION, 
 
 HELD AT MILLEDGEVILLE IN OPEN SESSION. 
 
 MILLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA, > 
 Wednesday, January 16, 1SG1. ) 
 
 In accordance with a proclamation issued by his Excel- 
 lency, Joseph E. Brown, Governor of Georgia, hearing date 
 21st November, I860, delegates from the several counties 
 of this State, duly elected by the people thereof, assembled 
 this day in the Capitol, and at the hour of half past ten 
 o'clock A. M., on motion of Mr. Styles, of Ware, the Hon. 
 Henry L. Benning, a delegate from the county of Muscogee, 
 was called to the chair, and Arthur Hood, Esq., a delegate 
 from the county of Randolph, was appointed Secretary, for 
 the purpose of organization. 
 
 The Governor's proclamation convening this bod} 7 was 
 then read, and, on motion, the Secretary proceeded to call 
 the counties, when the following delegates, from the coun- 
 ties prefixed to their names, upon the presentation of certi- 
 ficates of election, were duly enrolled as members of the 
 Convention : 
 
 Appling — Seaborn Hall, J. II. Latimer. 
 Banks— W. R. Bell, S. W. Pruett. 
 Baker — A. H. Colcjintt^C. D. Hammond. 
 L-j~ Baldwin — A. H. Kenan, L. H. Briscoe. 
 Berrien — W. J. Mabry, J. C. Lamb. 
 Bibb — Washington Poe, John B. Lamar, E. A. Nisbet. 
 Brooks — C. S. Gaulden, Henry Briggs* 
 Bryan— C. C. Slater, J. P. Hines. 
 
JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Bulloch — S. L. Moore, Samuel Harville. 
 
 Burke — E. A. Allen, E. B. Gresham, W. B. Jones. 
 
 Butts — D. J. Bailey, Henry Hendricks. 
 
 Camden — N. J. Patterson, F. M. Adams. 
 
 Campbell— J. M. Cantrell, T. C. Glover, 
 
 Calhoun— W. G. Sheffield, E. Padgett. 
 
 Carroll — B. W. Wright, B. W. Hargrave, Allen Rowe. 
 
 Cass—W. T. Wofford, H. F. Price, T. H. Trippe. 
 
 Catoosa — Presley Yates, J. T. McConnell. 
 
 Charlton — F. M. Smith, H. M. Mershon. 
 
 Chatham — F. S. Bartow, A. S. Jones, John W. Anderson. 
 
 Chattooga — Wesley Shropshire, L. Williams. 
 
 Cherokee— W. A. Teasley, E. E. Fields, John McConnell. 
 
 Clark — T. R. R. Cobb, Asbury Hull, Jefferson Jennings.. 
 
 Clayton — R. E. Morrow, James F. Johnston. 
 
 Clay—W. H. C. Davenport, B. F. Burnett. 
 
 Clinch — Benjamin Sermons, F. G. Ramsey. 
 
 Cobb — G. D. Rice, A. A. Winn, E. H. Lindley. 
 
 Coffee — Rowan Pafford, J. H. Frier. 
 
 Columbia— W. A. S. Collins, H. R. Casey, R. S. Neal. 
 
 Colquitt — H. C. Tucker, John G. Coleman. 
 
 Coweta — A. B. Calhoun, J. J. Pinson, W. B. Shell. 
 
 Crawford — W. C. Cleveland, Isaac Dennis. 
 
 Dade— 8. C. Hale, R. M. Pariss. 
 
 Dawson — Alfred W ebb, R. H. Pierce. 
 
 Decatur — Richard Simms, C. J. Munnerlyn, B. H. Gee. 
 
 De Kalb — Charles Murphy, G. K. Smith. 
 
 Dooly — John S. Thomas, Elijah Butts. 
 
 Dougherty — Richard H. Clark, C. E. Mallary. 
 
 Early — R. W. Sheffield, James Buchanan. 
 
 Echols— Harris Tomlinson, J. B. Prescott. 
 
 Effingham — E. W. Solomons, A. G. Porter. 
 
 Elbert — J. C. Burch, L. H. 0. Martin. 
 
 Emanuel — A. L. Kirkland, John Overstreet. 
 
 "Fannin— W. C. Fain, E. W. Chastain. 
 
 Fayette — M. M. Tidwell, J. L. Blalock. 
 
 Floyd — James Ward, Simpson Fouche, F. G. Shropshire. 
 
 Forsyth— Hardy Strickland, H. P. Bell. 
 
 Franklin — John H. Patrick, Samuel Knox. 
 
 Fulton — J. F. Alexander, L. J. Glenn, J. P. Logan. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 5 
 
 Glasscock — Joshua F. Usry, Calvin Logue. 
 
 Gilmer — Joseph Pickett, W. P. Milton. 
 
 Gordon — W. H. Dabney, James Freeman, R. M. Young. 
 
 Greene— -N. M. Crawford, E. J. Willis, T. M. Pouliain. 
 
 Gwinnett — R. D. Winn, J. P. Simmons, T. P. Hudson. 
 
 Habersham — R. C. Ketchum, Singleton Sisk. 
 
 Hatt—E. M. Johnson, P. M. Byrd, Davis Whelchel. 
 
 Hancock — Linton Stephens, B. T. Harris, T. M. Turner. 
 
 Haralson — W. J. Head, A. R. Walton. 
 
 Harris — D. P. Hill, W, J. Hudson, H. D. Williams. 
 
 Hart—H. S. Hill, J. E. Skelton. 
 
 Heard— R. P. Wood, C. W. Mabry. 
 
 Henry — F. E. Manson, E. B. Arnold, J. H. Low 
 
 Houston — J. M. Giles, D. F. Gunn, B. W. Brown. 
 
 Irwin — M. Henderson, Jacob Young. 
 
 Jackson — J. J. McCulloeh, J. G. Pitman, D. R. Lyle. 
 
 Jasper — Aris Newton, Reuben Jordan, Jr. 
 
 Jefferson — H. V. Johnson, George Stapleton. 
 
 Johnson — William Hust, J. R. Smith. 
 
 Jones — James M. Gray, P. T. Pitts. 
 
 Laurens — Nathan Tucker, J. W. Yopp. 
 
 Lee — W. B. Richardson, Goode Bryan. 
 
 Liberty — W. B. Fleming, S. M. Varnadoe.- 
 
 Lowndes — C. H. M. Howell, Isaiah Tilman. 
 
 Lumpkin — Benjamin Hamilton, William Martin. 
 
 Madison — J. S. Gholston, A. C. Daniel. 
 
 Macon — W. H. Robinson, J. H. Carson. 
 
 Marion — W. M. Brown, J. M. Harvey. 
 
 Mcintosh — J. M. Harris, G. W. M. Williams. 
 
 Meriwether — H. R. Harris, W. D. Martin, Hiram Warner 
 
 Miller— -W. J. Cheshier, C. L. Whitehead. 
 
 Milton — Jackson Graham, J. C. Street. 
 
 Mitchell— William T. Cox, Jesse Reed. 
 
 Monroe — R.L. Roddey, Hiram Phinizy, jr., J. T. Stephens 
 
 Montgomery — T. M. McRae, S. H. Latimer. 
 
 Morgan— Thomas P. Saifold, Augustus Reese. 
 
 Murray — Anderson Farnsworth, Euclid Waterhouse. 
 ' Muscogee — J. X. Ramsey, Henry L. Benning, A. S. Ruth 
 ?rford. faa-i ^ 
 
 L5R9 1 ti 
 
 «M > LAW LIBRARY 
 
6 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Newton — W. S. Montgomery, Alexander Means, Purmedus 
 Reynolds. 
 
 Ogkthorpc—D. D. Johnson, Samuel Glenn, Willis Wil- 
 lingham. 
 
 Paulding — Henry Lester, J. Y. Algood. 
 
 Pickens — James Simmons, W. T. Day. 
 
 Pierce — E. D. Hendry, J, W. Stephens. 
 
 Pike — R. B. Gardner, Gr. M. McDowell. 
 
 Polk—W. E. West, T. W. Dupree. 
 
 Pulaski — T. J. McGrifF, C. M. Bozeman. 
 
 Putnam — R. T. Davis, D. R. Adams. 
 
 Quitman — E. C. Ellington, L. P. Dozier. 
 
 Rafam — Samuel Beck, H. W. Cannon. 
 
 Randolph — Marcellus Douglas, Arthur Flood. 
 
 Richmond — George W. Crawford, J. Phinizy, Sr., J. P. 
 Garvin. t 
 
 Schley— 11. L. French, W. A. Black. 
 
 Scriven — C. Flumphries, J. L. Singleton. 
 
 Spalding — W. G. Dewberry, Henry Moor. 
 
 Stewart — James A. Fort, James Hilliard, G. Y. Banks. 
 
 Sumter — W. A. Flawkins, T. M. Furlow, Henry Daven- 
 port. 
 
 Talhot—\\ r . R. Neal, W. B. Marshall, L. B. Smith. 
 
 Taliaferro — Alexa nder H. Stephens, S. H. Perkins. 
 
 Tatna.il — Benjamin Brewton, Henry Strickland. 
 
 Taylor— W. j. F. Mitchell, H. H. Long. 
 
 Telfair — H. McLean, James Williamson. 
 
 Terrell — William Harrington, D. A. Cochran. 
 
 Thomas— A. H. HanselF S. B. Spencer, W. G. Ponder. 
 
 Towns — John Corn, Elijah Kimsey. 
 
 Troup — B. H. Hill, W.P. Beasley, J. M. Beall. 
 
 Twiggs — John Fitzpatrick, S. L. Richardson. 
 
 Union — J. H. Hnggins, J. P. Welborn. 
 
 Upson — P. W. Alexander, T. S. Sherman. 
 
 Walker — G. G. Gordon, R. B. Dickerson, T. A. Sharpe. 
 
 Walton— George Spence, Willis Kilgore, H. D. McDanieL 
 
 Ware— W. A. McDonald, G. W. Styles. 
 
 Warren— M. D. Cody, N. A. Wicker. 
 
 Wayne — Henry R. Fort, H. A. Cannon. 
 
 Washington — E. S. Langmade, Lewis Bui lard, A. C. Harris. 
 
GEORGIA C ON VENTION . 
 
 7 
 
 Webster — P. F. Brown, M. H. Bush. 
 White — Isaac Bowen, E. F. Starr. 
 
 Whitfield — J. M. Jackson. F. A. Thomas. Dickerson Tal- 
 iaferro. 
 
 Wilcox — D. A. McLeocl. Smith Turner. 
 
 Wilkes — Robert Toombs, J. J. Robertson. 
 
 Wttkmson — X. A. Carswell, R. J. Cochran. 
 
 Worth — R. G. Ford, Sr., T. T. Mounger. 
 
 The official returns of the election of delegates from the 
 counties of Chattahoochee. Glynn, and Lincoln, not having 
 been received at the Executive Department, certificates of 
 election could not be procured by the delegates irom those 
 counties, whereupon, 
 
 On motion of Mr. Stephens, of Taliaferro, it was unani- 
 mouslv resolved that the delegates elected from those coun- 
 ties do enrol their names, and participate in the action of 
 the Convention. 
 
 Those counties are therefore represented as follows : 
 
 From the county of Glynn, John L. Harris, and H. B. 
 Troup. 
 
 From the county of Lincoln, La Fayette Lamar, and C. 
 R. Strother. 
 
 From the county of Chattahoochee, A. H. Flewellen, and 
 "William Davis. 
 
 By direction of the Chairman, the roll was called, and it 
 being ascertained that a quorum was present, the Chair- 
 man stated it had been suggested to him, that, before pro- 
 ceeding furthur, it would be appropriate, by prayer, to seek 
 the blessings of God upon the deliberations of this Conven- 
 tion : in which suggestion he most heartily concurred. 
 
 Whereupon, by request, the Reverend Mr. Williamson, a 
 delegate from the county of Telfair, in an impressive and 
 fervent manner, performed that duty. 
 
 Mr. Kenan then moved that the Convention proceed to 
 the election of a President — pending which, 
 
 On motion of Hull, George W. Crawford, a delegate from 
 the county of Richmond, was chosen President by accla- 
 mation. 
 
 On motion. Messrs. Hull. Stephens, of Taliaferro, and 
 Kenan, were appointed a committee to notify the President 
 
8 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 of his election, to request bis acceptance, and conduct hits 
 to the chair. 
 
 The President on taking the chair, addressed the Conven- 
 tion, and tendered his acknowledgements for the honor con- 
 ferred upon him. 
 
 The Convention then proceeded to the election of a Sec- 
 retary, which, on the third ballot, resulted in the election 
 of Albert R. Lamar, of the county of Muscogee. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Wright, by acclamation, Jesse Oslin, 
 of the county of Cobb, was appointed Messenger, and Wil- 
 liam Atkins, of Oglethorpe county, Door Keeper. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Fouche, the following committed was 
 appointed by the President to report upon Rules to gov- 
 ern the deliberations of this Convention, to wit : 
 Messrs. Fouche, 
 
 Hill, of Troup, 
 Clarke. 
 
 Mr. Fleming offered the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed by the 
 President to wait upon the Commissioners of South Caro- 
 lina and Alabama, now in this city, to ascertain when it 
 will be convenient for them to address this Convention, an<l 
 also, to invite them to take seats with this body. 
 
 The resolution was adopted, and the President appointed 
 Messrs Fleming, Rice, and Trippe that committee. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Cobb, the following committee was 
 appointed by the President to make arrangements with the 
 Reverend Clergy of this city and vicinity, so that the ser- 
 vices of some one of them may be secured to open with 
 prayer the deliberations of the Convention on each day of 
 its session, to wit : 
 
 Messrs. Cobb, 
 
 Varnadoe, 
 Briscoe. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Bartow, it was unanimously resolved, 
 that one of the standing rules of this Convention shall be 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 9 
 
 the suppression of all applause or other noisv demonstra- 
 tion during, or following the remarks of auy delegate. 
 
 The Convention then adjourned till ten o'clock to-mor- 
 row morning. 
 
 THUESDAY MOBNIN(x, JANUARY. 17, 1861. 
 
 The Convention met pursuant to adjournment; after 
 prayer by the Rev. Mr. Evans, the roll was called, and a 
 quorum being present, the journal of yesterday was read, 
 when the President announced that communications from 
 South Carolina and Alabama, were before him. which, on 
 motion of Mr. Stephens, of Taliaferro, were read, and on 
 motion of Mr. Toombs were ordered to be printed for the 
 use of the Convention. 
 
 A communication was also received from the Mayor of 
 Atlanta, by the President, in which, by a resolution of the 
 Mayor and Council of that city, this Convention was re- 
 quested to appoint Atlanta as the place of holding the Con- 
 vention for the purpose of forming a Southern Confede- 
 racy. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Anderson, the communication was laid 
 on the table for the present. 
 
 Mr. Fleming, from the committee to wait on the Com- 
 missioners from South Carolina and Alabama accredited to 
 this Convention, reported that the committee haddisharged 
 that duty, and that the Hon. James L. Orr, the Commis- 
 missioner from South Carolina, and the Hon. John G. Short- 
 er, the Commissioner from Alabama, had accepted the invi- 
 tation of, and would address the Convention at any hour it 
 would suggest. 
 
 Whereupon, on motion of Mr. Stephens of Taliaferro, the 
 committee was directed to inform said Commissioners, that 
 the Convention would be ready to receive and hear them at 
 the hour of 12 M. of this day. 
 
 Mr. Fouche, from the committee on rules for the govern- 
 
10 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 ment of the Convention in its deliberations, reported the 
 following, to-wit : 
 
 Rules ov the Convention, for 1S61. 
 
 1st. The President having taking the Chair, a quorum be- 
 ing present, (to ascertain which the President may order 
 the roll to bo called which shall otherwise be omitted,) the 
 Journal of the preceding day shall be read ; immediately, 
 after which, it shall be in the power of any member to move 
 for a reconsideration of any matter therein contained, (pro- 
 vided such member, at the time of reading such matter, 
 shall notify the Convention of his intention to move such re- 
 consideration,) except such matter as has been heretofore re- 
 considered. 
 
 2d. Every ordinance or resolution having been lost or 
 passed, and again reconsidered, shall, immediately thereafter 
 by the Secretary of the Convention, be placed on file in the 
 standing order, and be taken up accordingly, and take pre- 
 cedence from the time of reconsideration only unless other- 
 wise directed by the Convention. 
 
 3d. No member shall speak to another, or otherwise in- 
 terrupt the business of the Convention, while the journal or 
 public papers is reading, or when any member is speaking in 
 debate. 
 
 4th. When any member is about to speak, or deliever any 
 matter in the Convention, he shall rise from his seat and 
 address himself to the Chair; he shall confine himself to the 
 question under consideration, and at all times avoid person- 
 ality. 
 
 5th. No member shall speak more than tw T ice in any 
 one debate, on the same day, without leave of the Conven- 
 tion. 
 
 6th. When two members rise to speak, the first that rises 
 shall be first in order, which shall be determined by the 
 President. 
 
 7th. No motion shall be put or debated until the same be 
 seconded. 
 
 8th. When a motion is made and seconded, it shall be re- 
 duceed to writing, when required by the President or any 
 
GEOEGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 11 
 
 member, delivered in at the table, and read, before the same 
 shall be debated. 
 
 9th. When a question is before the Convention, no mo- 
 tion shall be received, but to adjourn ; to lie on the table, to 
 postpone indefinitely ; to postpone to a day certain ; to com- 
 mit or amend ; which several motions shall have precedence 
 in the order they stand here arranged. The motion for ad- 
 journment shall always be in order, and decided without de- 
 bate ; but the motion for adjournment a second time shall 
 be out of order, until the question before the Convention is 
 first disposed of. 
 
 10th. The previous question being moved and seconded 
 by a majority, the question from the Chair shall be : "Shall 
 the main question now be put V and if the yeas prevail the 
 question shall then be put. 
 
 11th. If a question in debate contains several points, any 
 member may have the same divided. 
 
 12th. When the yeas and nays are called by two mem- 
 bers, each member called upon shall (unless excused) de- 
 clare openly and without debate, his yea or nay to the ques- 
 tion, and upon the call of the House, the members shall be 
 taken by their names in alphabetical order; and no mem- 
 ber shall be allowed to change his vote after the same has 
 been pronounced by the Chair, unless by consent of the 
 Convention. 
 
 13th. When a member wishes to introduce a resolution 
 or ordinance, he shall rise from his seat, address the Chair, 
 read the caption, and on leave report the resolution or ordi- 
 nance instanter ; and these reports, in point of order, shall 
 hold the place of reports from committees. But all resolu- 
 tions expressing the opinion of the Convention, shall lie at 
 least one day on the table, unless otherwise ordered by a 
 majority of the Convention. 
 
 14th. No ordinance shall be committed until it shall have 
 been twice read, after which it may be referred to a Com- 
 mittee. 
 
 15th. When a member is called to order, he shall take 
 his seat until the President shall have determined whether 
 he is in order or not; every question of order shall be de- 
 cided by the President without debate; but if there is a 
 
12 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 doubt in his mind, lie shall call for the sense of the Conven- 
 tion. 
 
 16th. If a member be called to order for words spoken^ 
 the exceptionable words shall be immediately taken down 
 in writing, that the President may be better enabled to judge 
 of the matter. 
 
 17th. When a blank is to be filled, and different sums and 
 different days are proposed, the question shall be taken on 
 the highest sum and most distant day first. 
 
 18th. All petitions shall be numbered as they are receiv- 
 ed, and taken up and decided on in the same order as they 
 were received. 
 
 19th. No member shall absent himself from the service 
 of the Convention, without leave first obtained ; and in case 
 a less number than a quorum of the Convention shall con- 
 vene, they are hereby authorized to send any person or per- 
 sons by them authorized, for any and all absent members, 
 as a majority of such members present shall agree, at the 
 expense of such absent members respectively, unless such 
 excuse for non-attendance shall be made as the Convention 
 when a quorum is convened, shall judge sufficient. 
 
 20th. No member shall leave his seat after adjournment, 
 until the President shall have left the room. 
 
 21st. When any communication is received from the 
 Governor, it shall be in order to take it up as soon as the 
 matter then under consideration is disposed of. 
 
 22d. The unfinished business in which the Convention was 
 engaged at the last preceding adjournment, shall have the 
 preference in the order of the day, and no motion or any 
 other business shall be received until the former is disposed 
 of. And the Secretary shall preserve the unfinished busi- 
 ness at the close of the present Session, subject to the order 
 of the Convention at the next Session. 
 
 23d. No standing rule of the Convention shall be altered 
 without one day's notice being given, expressing the intend- 
 ed alteration ; nor shall any rule of the Convention be dis- 
 pensed with, except by a vote of two-thirds of the members 
 present. 
 
 24th. The Secretary, Assistant Secretary, andEngrossing 
 and Enrolling Clerks shall be sworn, or affirmed, before the 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 13 
 
 presiding officer of the Convention, to discharge their re- 
 spective duties faithfully, and to the best of their skill and 
 ability ; of which oath or affirmation, an entry shall be made 
 in the Journals before they enter upon the discharge of 
 their duties. 
 
 25th. The President may at any time call a member of 
 the Convention to the Chair, to preside over its deliberations 
 for that day's session, and no longer. 
 
 26th. All ordinances read a second time and referred to the 
 Committee of the Whole, shall, unless otherwise ordered by 
 the Convention, be taken up as reports of the Commit- 
 tee. 
 
 The report was received and adopted, and 500 copies or- 
 dered to be printed, under the supervision of the commit- 
 tee. 
 
 The President then proceeded to admininister the oath 
 required by the 21th rule, to the Secretary. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Strother, of Lincoln, the following reso- 
 lution was adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That the President of this Convention be au- 
 thorized to direct seats to be provided on this floor for re- 
 porters and other representatives of Southern presses, as 
 far as may be practicable during open session. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Glenn, of Fulton, it was 
 
 Resolved, That the Secretary of this Convention, be au- 
 thorized to appoint an assistant Secretary, and a Recording 
 Clerk. 
 
 Whereupon, The Secretary appointed Jno. H. Steele of Ful- 
 ton county, assistant Secretary, and J. M. Patton of Bibb 
 county. Recording Clerk; to each of whom the oath requir- 
 ed by the 24th rule, was administered by the President. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Bartow, it was 
 
 Resolved, That His Excellency, Governor Brown, and ex- 
 Governor Howell Cobb, be invited to take seats upon the 
 floor : 
 
 And, on motion of Mr. Kenan, the same privilege was ex- 
 
14 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 tended to the Judges of the Supreme Court, and the Judges 
 of the Superior Courts of this State. 
 
 Mr. Styles offered the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That Messrs. Boughton, Nisbet& Barnes heap- 
 pointed Printers to this Convention. 
 
 Mr. Reynolds moved to amend, so that the printing should 
 be given to both the printing establishments of this city. 
 
 And Mr. Johnston moved further to amend the resolution 
 by inserting the words, " provided the work shall be done 
 at the same rates at which the public printing is now done." 
 
 Mr. Styles accepted both amendments, and the resolution 
 as amended, was unanimously adopted. 
 
 Mr. Fouche offered the following resolution, which was 
 taken up, read, and adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That His Excellency, the Governor, be request- 
 ed to communicate to this Convention, all information in his 
 possession, which may, in his opinion, be calculated to facil- 
 itate its deliberations and action ; and, also, to furnish to the 
 Convention, if in his power to do so, a copy of the ordinance 
 bv which Georgia became a member of the Union. 
 
 The hour of 12 M. having arrived, Mr. Fleming, from the 
 committee appointed for that purpose, introduced to the 
 Convention, the Hon. James L. Orr, the Commissioner from 
 South Carolina, and the Hon. John G. Shorter, the Com- 
 missioner from Alabama, 
 
 The President welcomed the Commissioners, and stated 
 tliat the Convention was then ready to hear what they 
 should be pleased to communicate : 
 
 Whereupon, The Hon. James L. Orr, and the Hon. John 
 O. Shorter, both addressed the Convention, explaining the 
 objects of their mission to this State. 
 
 After which, on motiou of Mr. Stephens, of Taliaferro, 
 the Convention adjourned till ten o'clock to-morrow morn- 
 ing. 
 
G EG KOI A CONVENTION . 
 
 FRIDAY, JANUARY 18, 1S61. 
 
 The Convention met pursuant to adjournment, and was 
 opened with prayer by the Rev. Mr. FHno. 
 
 The roll was called, and a quorum being present the 
 journal was read. 
 
 Mr. Hull then introduced the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That the sessions of this Convention shall be 
 with closed doors — admitting no one but the members and 
 officers of the Convention, and those gentlemen who have 
 been invited to seats on the floor, except when otherwise 
 speciallv ordered by the Convention. 
 
 Mr. Clarke moved to amend by inserting the words, 
 " excepting the door of the gallery," upon which a debate 
 ensued, when Mr. Kenan called for the previous question, 
 which being seconded, the amendment was cut off, and the 
 resolution was adopted. 
 
 The doors were then closed, when Mr. Nisbet offered the 
 following resolutions, which were taken up and read : 
 
 Rewlvcd, That in the opinion of this Convention, it is 
 the right and duty of Gfeorgia to secede from the present 
 Union, and to co-operate with such of the other States as 
 have or shall do the same, for the purpose of forming a 
 Southern Confederacy upon the basis of the Constitution 
 of the United States. 
 
 Resolved, That a commutes of be appointed by 
 
 the Chair to report an ordinance to assert the right, and 
 fulfill the obligation of the State of Georgia to secede from 
 the Union. 
 
 He then moved to take up the first resolution. 
 
 Whereupon Mr. Johnson, of Jefferson, offered the follow- 
 ing preamble and Ordinance, as a substitute for Mr. NisbetV, 
 mid moved the reference of both to a committee of twenty- 
 one : 
 
 " The State of Georgia is attached to the Union, and de- 
 sires to preserve it, if it can be done consistent with her 
 
16 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 rights and safety; but existing circumstances admonish 
 her of danger : that danger arises from the assaults that 
 are made upon the institution of domestic slavery, and is 
 common to all the Southern States. From time to time, 
 within the last forty years, Congress has attempted to pass 
 laws in violation of our rights, and dangerous to our wel- 
 fare and safety ; hut they have been restrained by the 
 united opposition of the South and the true men of the 
 North, and thus far the country has prospered, and the 
 South has felt comparatively secure. Recently, however, 
 events have assumed a more threatening aspect, several 
 of the non-slaveholding States refuse to surrender fugitive 
 slaves, and have passed laws the most oppressive to hinder, 
 obstruct and prevent it, in palpable violation of their con- 
 stitutional obligations. The Executive Department of the 
 government is about to pass into the hands of a sectional, 
 political party, pledged to principles and a policy which 
 we regard as repugnant to the Constitution. These con- 
 siderations, of themselves, beget a feeling of insecurity 
 which could not fail to alarm a people jealous of their 
 rights. By the regular course of events, the South is in 
 a minority in the Federal Congress, and the future presents 
 no hope of a restoration of the equilibrium between the 
 sections, in either house thereof. Hence the Southern 
 States are in iminent peril, being in the power of a majori- 
 ty, reckless of constitutional obligations, and pledged to 
 principles leading to our destruction. This peril is greatly 
 augmented by the recent secession of South Carolina, 
 Florida, Alabama and Mississippi from the Union, by which 
 the Southern States are deprived of the benefit of their 
 co-operation, and left in a still more hopeless minority in 
 the Federal Congress. Therefore, whilst the State of Geor- 
 gia will not and cannot, compatibly with her safety, abide 
 permanently in the Union, without new and ample security 
 for future safety, still she is not disposed to sever her con- 
 nection with it precipitately, nor without respectful con- 
 sultation with her Southern confederates. She invokes the 
 aid of their counsel and co-operation, to secure our rights, 
 in the Union, if possible, or to protect them out of the 
 Union if necessary. Therefore, 
 
GEORGIA COXVEXTIOX. 
 
 17 
 
 First. Be it ordained by the State of Georgia in sovereign Conven- 
 tion assembled. That Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Ken- 
 tucky, North Carolina, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Ten- 
 nessee and Missouri, be, and they are hereby respectfully 
 invited to meet with this State by delegates in a Congress, 
 at Atlanta, Georgia, on the 16th of February, 1S61, to 
 take into consideration the whole subject of their relations 
 to the Federal Government, and to devise such a course of 
 action as their interest, equality and safety may require. 
 
 Section second. Be it further ordained, 6fc, That the in- 
 dependent Republics of South Carolina, Florida, Alabama 
 and Mississippi, be, and they are hereby cordially invited to 
 send Commissioners to said Congress. 
 
 Section third. Be it farther ordained, That inasmuch, as 
 Georgia is resolved not to abide permanently in this Union? 
 without satisfactory guarantees of future security, the fol- 
 lowing propositions are respectfully suggested for the con- 
 sideration of her Southern Confederates as the substance of" 
 what she regards indispensable amendments to the Consti- 
 tution of the United States, to-wit : 
 
 1. That Congress shall have no power to abolish or pro- 
 hibit slavery in the territories or any place under their 
 exclusive jurisdiction. 
 
 2. Each State shall be bound to surrender fugitive slaves, 
 and if any fugitive slave shall be forcibly taken or enticed 
 from the possession of any officer legally charged there- 
 with for the purpose of rendition, the United States shall 
 pay the owner the value of such slave, and the countv in 
 which such rescue or enticement may occur, shall be liable 
 to the United States for the amount so paid to be recovered 
 by suit in the Federal Courts. 
 
 3. It shall be a penal offence definable by Congress and 
 punishable in the Federal Courts for any person to rescue 
 or entice, or to encourage, aid or assist others to rescue or 
 entice any fugitive slave from any officer legally charged 
 with the custody thereof, for the purpose of rendition. 
 
 4. Whatever is recognized as property by the Constitu- 
 tion of the United States shall be held to be property in the 
 Territories of the United States, and in all places over 
 which Congress has excJusive jurisdiction, and all kinds of 
 
18 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 I 
 
 property shall be entitled to like and equal protection there- 
 in by the several departments of the general government. 
 
 5. New States formed out of territory now belonging to 
 the United States, or which may be hereafter acquired, shall 
 be admitted into the Union with or without slavery as the 
 people thereof may determine at the time of admission. 
 
 6. Congress shall have no power to prohibit or interfere 
 with the slave trade between the States, nor to prohibit 
 citizens of the United States passing through, or tempora- 
 rily sojourning in the District of Columbia from having 
 with them their slaves, and carrying them away, but it 
 shall be the duty of Congress to provide by law for the 
 punishment of all persons who may interfere with this 
 right in the same way as is provided for in the foregoing 
 third proposition. 
 
 7. No State shall pass any law to prohibit the citizens of 
 any other State travelling, or temporarily sojourning therein, 
 from carrying their slaves and returning with them ; and 
 it shall be a penal offence, definable by Congress, and pun- 
 ishable by the Federal Courts, for any person to entice away, 
 or harbor, or attempt to entice away or harbor, the slave or 
 slaves of such citizen so travelling, or temporarily sojourning. 
 
 8. The obligation to surrender fugitives from justice as 
 provided for under the Constitution of the United States 
 extends, and shall be held to extend as well to fugitives 
 charged with offences connected with or committed against 
 slavery or slave property as to any other class of offences, 
 and for the purposes of this proposition, whatever is de- 
 fined to be a criminal offence in one State shall be deemed 
 and held a criminal offence in every other State. 
 
 9. The Supreme Court having decided that negroes are 
 not citizens of the United States, no person of African 
 descent shall be permitted to vote for Federal Officers, nor 
 to hold any office or appointment under the government of 
 the United States. 
 
 Section fourth. Be it further ordained, fyc, That refrain- 
 ing from any formal demand upon those slaveholding States 
 which have passed them, of the repeal of the personal 
 liberty and other acts, in any wise militating against the 
 rendition of fugitive slaves, or fugitives from justice, yet 
 the State of Georgia hereby announces her unalterable de- 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 19 
 
 termination not to remain permanently in confederation 
 with those States, unless they shall purge their statute 
 books of all such acts. 
 
 Section fifth. Be it farther ordained, fyc, That if, between 
 now and the time of final action upon the question of her 
 continuance in the Union, the general government should 
 attempt to coerce any one of the States that have recently 
 withdrawn, or shall hereafter withdraw therefrom, the State 
 of Georgia will make common cause with such States, and 
 hereby pledges all her resources for their protection and 
 defence. 
 
 Section sixth. Be it farther ordained, Sf<p., That the State 
 of Georgia will continue to hold, until her final decision 
 in the premises, the possession of Fort Pulaski, and all 
 other Federal property within her borders, which have been 
 seized under the direction and authority of His Excellency 
 the Governor of this State. 
 
 Section seventh. Be it further ordained, §'c, That a 
 Commissioner be appointed by this Convention to each of 
 the slaveholding States, now members of the Federal 
 Union, to inform them of the action of Georgia, and to 
 urge their conformity to the policy herein indicated, and 
 that in response to the request of Alabama, this Conven- 
 tion will also appoint a Commissioner to the Convention, 
 which she has invited at Montgomery on the 4th of Feb- 
 ruary next, who is hereby instructed to urge upon that Con- 
 vention so to shape their action as to conform to, and co- 
 operate with, that of the proposed Congress at Atlanta, on 
 the 16th day of the same month. 
 
 Section eighth. Be it farther ordained, $fc, That if all 
 effort fail to secure the rights of the State of Georgia in 
 the Union, and she is reluctantly compelled to resume her 
 separate independence, she will promptly and cordially 
 unite with the other Southern States similarly situated, in 
 the formation of a Southern Confederacy upon the basis of 
 the present Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Section ninth. Be it farther ordained, That this Conven- 
 tion will adjourn, to meet again on the twenty-fifth day of 
 February next, to take such action in the premises as may 
 be required by the proceedings of the Congress at Atlanta, 
 and the development of intervening events, keeping stead- 
 
20 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 fastly in view the rights, equality and safety of Georgia, 
 and her unalterable determination to main tain, them at all 
 hazards, and to the last extremity. 
 
 After an elaborate discussion, in which Messrs. Nisbet, 
 Johnson, of Jefferson, Cobb, Stephens of Taliaferro, 
 Toombs, Means, Reese, Hill, of Troup, and Bartow, parti- 
 pated, a call was made for the "previous question" which 
 being sustained under the ruling of the Chair, cut off the 
 motion to commit, and a vote on the substitute, and brought 
 the Convention to a direct vote on the first of the original 
 resolutions of Mr. Nisbet. Whereupon the yeas and nays 
 were demanded, which being called resulted as follows : 
 (the President voting in the affirmative) yeas 166, nays 130. 
 
 Those who voted in the affirmative are Messrs. 
 
 Adams of Camden, 
 
 Cox, 
 
 Alexander of Fulton, 
 
 Dabney, 
 
 Algood, 
 
 Daniel, 
 
 Allen, 
 
 Davis of Chattahoochee, 
 
 Anderson, 
 
 Davenport of Clay, 
 
 Bailey, 
 
 Davenport of Sumter, 
 
 Banks, 
 
 Dennis, 
 
 Bartow, 
 
 Douglass, 
 
 Beall of Troup, 
 
 Dozier, 
 
 Benning, 
 
 Dewberry, 
 
 Blalock, 
 
 Ellington, 
 
 Bozeman, 
 
 Fleming, 
 
 Briggs, 
 
 Flewellen. 
 
 Brown of Houston, 
 
 Fields, 
 
 Bryan, 
 
 Fitzpatrick, 
 
 Buchanan, 
 
 Ford, 
 
 Burch, 
 
 Fort of Stewart, 
 
 Burnett, 
 
 Fort of Wayne, 
 
 Butts, 
 
 Fouche, 
 
 Calhoun, 
 
 Furlow, 
 
 Cannon of Wayne, 
 
 Gaulden, 
 
 Cantrell, 
 
 Gardner, 
 
 Carson, 
 
 Garvin, 
 
 Chastain, 
 
 Gee, 
 
 Cheshier, 
 
 Gohlston, 
 
 Clarke, 
 
 Glenn of Fulton, 
 
 Cleveland, 
 
 Glenn of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Cobb, 
 
 Glover, 
 
 Coleman, 
 
 Giles, 
 
 Colquitt, 
 
 Gray, 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 21 
 
 Gresham, 
 
 Gunn, 
 
 Hall, 
 
 Hammond, 
 Hansell, 
 Hargroves, 
 Harvill, 
 
 Harris of Glynn, 
 
 Harris of Mcintosh, 
 
 Harris of Merriwether, 
 
 Harvey,. 
 
 Hawkins, 
 
 Head, 
 
 Hendry, 
 
 Hendricks, 
 
 Hill of Hart, 
 
 Hilliard, 
 
 Hines, 
 
 Hood, 
 
 Howell, 
 
 Hull, 
 
 Humphries, 
 Jennings, 
 
 Johnson of Oglethorpe, 
 Jones of Burke, 
 Jones of Chatham, 
 Lamar of Bibb, 
 Lamb, 
 
 Lattimer of Appling, 
 
 Lester, 
 
 Lindley, 
 
 Logan, 
 
 Logue, 
 
 Lyle, 
 
 Mabry of Berrien, 
 Mallary, 
 
 Martin of Elbert, 
 
 McConnell of Catoosa, 
 
 McConnell of Cherokee, 
 
 McCulloch, 
 
 McDonald, 
 
 McDowell, 
 
 McGriff, 
 
 McLeod, 
 
 Moore of Bulloch, 
 Moore of Spalding, 
 Mounger, 
 Munnerlyn, 
 
 Xisbet, 
 Padget, 
 Patterson, 
 
 Phinizy of Kichmond, 
 
 Pinson, 
 
 Pittman, 
 
 Pitts, 
 
 Poe, 
 
 Ponder, 
 
 Porter, 
 
 Poullain, 
 
 Prescott, 
 
 Pruitr, 
 
 Ramsey of Clinch, 
 
 Ramsey of Muscogee, 
 
 Reed, 
 
 Reese, 
 
 Rice, 
 
 Richardson of Lee, 
 
 Richardson of Twiggs, 
 
 Robinson, 
 
 Robertson, 
 
 Roddey, 
 
 Rowe, 
 
 Rutherford, 
 
 Sheffield of Calhoun, 
 
 Sheffield of Early, 
 
 Shell, 
 
 Shropshire of Floyd, 
 
 Slater, 
 
 Skelton, 
 
 Simms, 
 
 Singleton, 
 
 Sirmons, 
 
 Solomons, 
 
 Spencer, 
 
 Stephens of Pierce, 
 Strickland of Forsyth, 
 Styles, 
 
 Thomas of Dooly, 
 
 Tidweil, 
 
 Tillman,, 
 
 Tomlinson, 
 
 Toombs, 
 
 Troup, 
 
 Tucker of Colquitt, 
 Turner of Wilcox, 
 Usry, 
 
22 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Varnadoe, 
 
 Walton, 
 
 Whitehead, 
 
 Williams of Mcintosh, 
 
 Willis, 
 
 Winn of Cobb, 
 Word, 
 
 Wright, 
 
 Young of Gordon, 
 
 Those who voted in the negative are Messrs. 
 
 Adams of Putnam, 
 
 Alexander of Upson, 
 
 Arnold, 
 
 Beasley, 
 
 Beck, 
 
 Bell of Banks, 
 Bell of Forsyth, 
 Black, 
 Bowen, 
 Brew ton, 
 Briscoe, 
 
 Brown of Marion, 
 
 Brown of Webster, 
 
 Bullard, 
 
 Bush, 
 
 Byrd, 
 
 Cannon of Rabun, 
 Cars well, 
 Casey, 
 
 Cochran of Terrell, 
 
 Cochran of Wilkinson, 
 
 Cody, 
 
 Collins, 
 
 Corn, 
 
 Crawford of Greene, 
 Davis of Putnam, 
 Day, 
 
 Dickerson, 
 
 Deupree, 
 
 Fain, 
 
 Farnsworth, 
 
 Freeman, 
 
 Frier, 
 
 French, 
 
 Gordon, 
 
 Graham, 
 
 Hale, 
 
 Haines, 
 
 Hamilton, 
 
 Harris of Hancock, 
 
 Henderson, 
 
 Herrington, 
 
 Hill of Harris, 
 
 Hill of Troup, 
 
 Hudson of Gwinnett, 
 
 Hudson of Harris, 
 
 Huggins, 
 
 Hust, 
 
 Jackson, 
 
 Johnson of Clayton, 
 
 Johnson of Hall, 
 
 Johnson of Jefferson, 
 
 Jordon, 
 
 Kenan, 
 
 Ketchum, 
 
 Kill go re, 
 
 Kimsey, 
 
 Kirkland, 
 
 Knox, 
 
 Lamar of Lincoln, 
 Langmade, 
 
 Lattimer of Montgomery, 
 
 Low, 
 
 Long, 
 
 Mabry of Heard, 
 Manson, 
 
 Martin of Lumpkin, 
 
 McDaniel, 
 
 McRae, 
 
 Means, 
 
 Mershon, 
 
 Milton, 
 
 Mitchell, 
 
 Montgomery, 
 
 Morrow, 
 
 Neal of Columbia, 
 
 Neal of Talbot, 
 
 Newton, 
 
 Overstreet, 
 
 Paris, 
 
 Patrick, 
 
 Perkins, 
 
GE 0 E GIA C 0 X VEXTIOX. 
 
 23 
 
 Phinizv of Monroe. 
 
 Strickland of TaTnall, 
 
 Pickett, 
 
 Taliaferro, 
 
 Pierce. 
 
 Teasley, 
 
 Pofford, 
 
 Thomas of Whitfield. 
 
 Price, 
 
 Trippe. 
 
 Revnolds, 
 
 Tucker of Laurens. 
 
 Saffold. 
 
 Turner of Hancock, 
 
 Sherman, 
 
 Warner, 
 
 Sliarpe, 
 
 Waterhouse. 
 
 Shropshire of Chattooga, 
 
 Webb. 
 
 Simmons of Gwinnett. 
 
 Wellborn, 
 
 Simmons of Pickens. 
 
 West, 
 
 Sisk, 
 
 Whelchel. 
 
 Smith of Charlton, 
 
 Wicker, 
 
 Smith of DeKaib, 
 
 Willi n sham, 
 
 Smith of Johnson, 
 
 Williams of Chattoosra, 
 
 Smith of Talbot, ' 
 
 Williams of Harris, 
 
 Spence, 
 
 Williamson, 
 
 Stapleton. 
 
 Winp of Gwinnett. 
 
 Starr, 
 
 WorTord, 
 
 Stephens of Hancock, 
 
 Wood, 
 
 Stephens of Monroe, 
 
 Yates, 
 
 Stephens of Taliaferro. 
 
 Yopp, 
 
 Street, 
 
 loung of Irwin. 
 
 So the resolution was adopted. 
 
 Mr. Xisbet then moved to fill the blank in the second 
 resolution with the word seventeen " which agreed to, and 
 on his motion that resolution wag adopted. 
 
 The President then announced the following as the 
 M Committee of seventeen" under said resolution, to-wit : 
 Messrs. Xisbet. 
 
 Toombs. 
 
 Johnson of Jefferson, 
 Bartow, 
 
 Stephens of Taliaferro, 
 
 Benuino'. 
 
 Williamson. 
 
 Brown of Marion. 
 
 Hill of Harris, 
 
 Rice, 
 
 Hill of Troup. 
 
 Trippe. 
 
 Chastain, 
 
 Cobb, 
 
 Colquitt. 
 
 Kenan, 
 
 Reese. 
 
24 
 
 JOURNAL OP THE 
 
 The following message having been received from His 
 Excellency the Governor, through Mr. Waters, his Secreta- 
 ry, was taken up and read : 
 
 Executive Department, 
 Milledgeville, January 18, 1861, 
 
 To the Convention: 
 
 In response to the resolution delivered to me by your 
 Secretary on yesterday, I have the honor to state that I 
 have no official information in my possession, of a character 
 not generally made public, which could, in my opinion, 
 facilitate the deliberations and actions of the Convention. 
 
 The original ordinance by which this State ratified the 
 Constitution of the United States, has not, it seems, been 
 preserved. I find a printed copy of it, however, in a sup- 
 plement to the Journal of the Federal Constitution, from 
 which the 'copy is taken which is herewith transmitted. 
 
 , Though not strictly in response to the call made upon 
 me, I take the liberty to lay before the Convention an origin- 
 al letter from the Governor of the State of New York, 
 accompanied by certain joint resolutions passed by the 
 Legislature of that State, on the eleventh day of this 
 month, which were received at this Department by the 
 mail of yesterday. 
 
 JOSEPH E. BROWN. 
 The following is a copy of the communication referred 
 toby His Excellency, Gov. Brown, and also of the resolu- 
 tions : 
 
 STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Executive Department, 
 Albany, January 11, 1861. 
 Sir: In obedience to the request of the Legislature of this 
 State, I transmit herewith a copy of the concurrent resolu- 
 tions of that body, adopted this day, tendering the aid of 
 the State to the President of the United States, to enable 
 him to enforce the Laws, and to uphold the authority of 
 the Federal Government. 
 I have the honor to be, 
 
 Your Excellency's Obd't Servt, 
 
 EDWIN D. MORGAN. 
 His Excellency, Joseph E. Brown, 
 
 Governor of the State of Georgia, Milledgeville. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 25 
 
 Concurrent Resolutions tendering aid to the President of the 
 United States in support of the Constitution and the Union. 
 
 STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 In Assembly, January 11, 1861. 
 
 Whereas, Treason as defined by the Constitution of the 
 United States, exists in one or more of the States of this 
 Confederacy, and 
 
 Whereas, The insurgent State of South Carolina, after 
 seizing the Post-Office, Custom House, Moneys and Forti- 
 fications of the Federal Government, has, by firing into a 
 vessel ordered by the Government to convey troops and 
 provisions to Fort Sumter, virtually declared war; and 
 whereas, the forts and property of the United States 
 ermnent in Georgia, Alabama and Louisiana, have been 
 unlawfullv seized with hostile intentions ; and ■•whereas, 
 further, Senators in Congress avow and maintain their 
 treasonable acts ; therefore 
 
 Resolved, (If the Senate concur.) That the Legislature of 
 New York, profoundly impressed with the value of the 
 Union, and determined to preserve it unimpaired, hail with 
 joy the recent firm, dignified and patriotic Special Message 
 of the President of the United States, and that we tender 
 to him, through the Chief Magistrate of our own State, 
 whatever aid in men and money he may require to enable 
 him to enforce the laws, and uphold the authority of the 
 Federal Government. And that in defense of "the more 
 perfect Union," which has conferred prosperity and happi- 
 ness upon the American people, renewing the pledge given 
 and redeemed by our Fathers, we are ready to devote "our 
 fortunes, our lives, and our sacred honor'* in upholding the 
 Union and the Constitution. 
 
 Resolved, (If the Senate concur.) That the Union-loving 
 Representatives and citizens of Delaware, Maryland, Vir- 
 ginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, Missouri and Tennessee, 
 who labor with devoted courage and patriotism to with- 
 hold their States from the vortex of Secession, are entitled 
 to the gratitude and admiration of the whole people. 
 
 Resolved, (If the Senate concur,) That the Governor be 
 respectfully requested to forward, forthwith, copies of the 
 
* 9 . ■" 
 
 26 CONSTITUTION OF THE* - ' 
 
 foregoing resolutions to the President of the Nation, and 
 
 the Governors of all the States of the Union. 
 *, * 
 
 The preceding Preamble and Resolutions were duly 
 passed. 
 
 By order. H. A. RISLEY, Clerk. 
 
 In Senate, January 11, 1861. The preceding Preamble 
 and Resolutions were duly passed. 
 
 By order. JAMES TERWILLIGER, Clerk. 
 
 Mr. Toombs offered the following resolution, which was 
 taken up, read and adopted : 
 
 Resolved, Unanimously, in response to the resolutions of 
 New York, referred to in the Governor's Message, that 
 this Convention highly approves the energetic and patriotic 
 conduct of Governor Brown in taking possession of Fort 
 Pulaski by Georgia troops, and requests him to hold posses- 
 sion until the relations of Georgia with the Federal Gov- 
 ernment be determined by this Convention: and that a 
 copy of this resolution be transmitted to the Governor of 
 New York. 
 
 Mr. Bartow offered the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That the President do appoint the following 
 " Standing Committees" for the Convention, each to con- 
 sist of thirteen members : 
 
 1st. A Committee on relations with the slaveholding 
 States of North-America. 
 
 2d. A Committee on Foreign Relations. 
 
 3d. A Committee on Commercial Relations, and Postal 
 Arrangements. 
 
 4th. A Committee on Military Affairs. 
 
 5th. A Committee on the Constitution of this State, 
 and the Constitution and Laws of the United States. 
 
 Mr. Martin introduced the following resolution : 
 
 R,esolved, That the Governor be requested to furnish this 
 Convention with a statement of the result of the election 
 of delegates for this Convention, specifying the whole num- 
 
m * GE0EGE4. CONVENTION. 
 
 27 
 
 foer of votes polled m each county, and the number received 
 by each candidate. 
 
 On motion the Convention then adjourned till 10 o'clock 
 to-morrow morning:. 
 
 SATURDAY, JANUARY 19, 1861. 
 
 The Convention met pursuant to adjournment, and was 
 opened with prayer by the Rev. Mr. Willes. 
 
 A quorum being present, the journal of yesterday was 
 read. 
 
 On motion, Mr. Harris, of Meriwether, and Mr. Strother, 
 of Lincoln, got leave to record their votes upon the resolu- 
 tions of Mr. Nisbet adopted on yesterday, they having been 
 absent when the vote was taken, on account of sickness. 
 
 Mr. Clarke moved to reconsider the resolution adopted on 
 yesterday to close the doors of the hall during the sessions 
 of this Convention, in order to amend the same by inserting 
 the words " excepting the door of the gallery." 
 
 The motion to reconsider was lost. 
 
 Mr. Varnadoe offered the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That the reporters allowed seats on this floor 
 by resolution on the second day of its session be permitted 
 to hold seats in the gallery during the sessions with closed 
 doors. 
 
 The resolution was taken up and lost. 
 
 Mr. Martin moved to take up the resolution offered by 
 him on yesterday, calling upon the Governor for informa- 
 tion concerning the number of votes given by the people 
 at the election for delegates to this Convention. 
 
 The resolution was taken up. 
 
 Mr. Hood moved the indefinite postponement of the same. 
 Whereupon the yeas and nays were demanded. 
 
JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 There are yeas 168 ; nays 127, to wit : 
 
 Those who voted in the affirmative are Messrs. : 
 
 Adams of Camden, 
 
 Fitzpatrick, 
 
 Alexander of Fulton, 
 
 Ford, 
 
 Algood, 
 
 Fort of Stewart, 
 
 Anderson, 
 
 Fort of Wayne, 
 
 Bailey, 
 
 Fouche, 
 
 Banks, 
 
 Furlow, 
 
 Bartow, 
 
 Gaulden, 
 
 Beall of Troup, 
 
 Gardner, 
 
 Benning, 
 
 Garvin, 
 
 Blalock, 
 
 Gee, 
 
 Bozeman, 
 
 Gholston, 
 
 Briggs, 
 
 Glenn of Fulton, 
 
 Brown of Houston, 
 
 Glenn of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Bryan, 
 
 Glover, 
 
 Buchanan, 
 
 Giles, 
 
 Burch, 
 
 Gray, 
 
 Burnett, 
 
 Gresham, 
 
 Butts, 
 
 Gunn, 
 
 Calhoun, 
 
 Hall, 
 
 Cannon of Wayne, 
 
 Hammond, 
 
 Cantrell, 
 
 Hansell, 
 
 Carson, 
 
 Hargroves, 
 
 Chastain, 
 
 Harville, 
 
 Cheshier, 
 
 Harris of Glynn, 
 
 Clark, 
 
 Harris of Mcintosh, 
 
 Cleveland, 
 
 Harris of Meriwether, 
 
 Cobb, 
 
 Harvey, 
 
 Coleman, 
 
 Hawkins, 
 
 Colquitt, 
 
 Head, 
 
 Cox, 
 
 Hendry, 
 
 Dabney, 
 
 Hendricks, 
 
 Daniel, 
 
 Hill of Hart, 
 
 Davis of Chattahoochee, 
 
 Hilliard, 
 
 Davis of Putnam, 
 
 Hines, 
 
 Davenport of Clay, 
 
 Hood, 
 
 Davenport of Sumter, 
 
 Howell, 
 
 Dennis, 
 
 Hull, 
 
 Douglass, 
 
 Humphries, 
 
 Dozier, 
 
 Jennings, 
 
 Dewberry, 
 
 Johnson of Oglethorpe 
 
 Ellington, 
 
 Jones of Burke, 
 
 Fleming, 
 
 Jones of Chatham, 
 
 Flewellen, 
 
 Lamar of Bibb, 
 
 Fields, 
 
 Lamb, 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 Lattimer of Appling, 
 Lester, 
 Lindley, 
 Logan, 
 Logue, 
 Lyle, 
 
 Mabry of Berrien, 
 Mallary, 
 
 Martin of Elbert, 
 McConnell of Catoosa, 
 McComiell of Cherokee, 
 McCullough, 
 McDonald, 
 McDowell, 
 McCriff, 
 McLeod, 
 
 Moore of Bulloch, 
 Moor of Spalding, 
 Mounger, 
 Munnerlyn, 
 Nisbet, 
 Padget, 
 Pariss, 
 Patterson, 
 Phinizy of Monroe, 
 Phinizy of Richmond, 
 Pinson, 
 Pittman, 
 Pitts, 
 Poe, 
 Ponder, 
 Porter, 
 Poullain, 
 Prescott, 
 Pruett, 
 
 Ramsey of Clinch, 
 Ramsey of Muscogee, 
 Reed, 
 Reese, 
 Rice, 
 
 Those who voted in the 
 
 Adams of Putnam, 
 Alexander of Upson, 
 Allen, 
 Arnold, 
 Beasley, 
 Beck, 
 
 Richardson of Lee, 
 
 Richardson of Twists. 
 i • 
 
 Robinson, 
 Robertson, 
 Roddey, 
 Rowe, 
 Rutherford, 
 Sheffield of Calhoun, 
 Sheffield of Earlv, 
 Shell, 
 
 Shropshire of Floyd. 
 Skelton, 
 Simms, 
 Singleton, 
 Solomons, 
 Spencer, 
 
 Stephens of Monroe, 
 Stephens of Pierce, 
 Strickland of Forsyth 
 Styles, 
 Teasley, 
 
 Thomas of Doolv, 
 Tidwell, 
 Tillman, 
 Tomlinson, 
 Toombs, 
 Troup, 
 
 Tucker of Colquitt, 
 Turner of Wilcox, 
 Usry, 
 Varnadoe, 
 Walton, 
 Waterhouse, 
 Wnitehead, 
 Williams of Mcintosh 
 Willis, 
 
 Winn of Cobb, 
 Word, 
 Wright, 
 
 Young of Gordon, 
 egative are Messrs.: 
 
 Beall of Forsvth, 
 Bell of Banks, 
 Black, 
 Bo wen, 
 Brewton, 
 Briscoe, 
 
JOUENAL OF THE 
 
 Brown of Marion, 
 
 Langmade, 
 
 Brown of Webster, 
 
 Lattimer of Montgomery. 
 
 Bnllard, 
 
 Law, 
 
 Bush, 
 
 Long, 
 
 Byrd, 
 
 Mabry of Heard, 
 
 Cannon of Rabun, 
 
 Manson, 
 
 Carswell, 
 
 Martin of Lumpkin, 
 
 Casey, 
 
 McDaniel, 
 
 Cochran of Terrell, 
 
 McLain, 
 
 Cochran of Wilkinson, 
 
 McRae, 
 
 Cody, 
 
 Means, 
 
 Collins, 
 
 Mershon, 
 
 Corn, 
 
 Milton, 
 
 Crawford of Greene, 
 
 Mitchell, 
 
 Day, 
 
 Montgomery, 
 
 Dickerson, 
 
 Morrow, 
 
 Deupree, 
 
 Neal of Columbia, 
 
 Fain, 
 
 Neal of Talbot, 
 
 Farnsworth, 
 
 Newton, 
 
 Freeman, 
 
 Overstreet, 
 
 Frier, 
 
 Patrick, 
 
 French, 
 
 Perkins, 
 
 Gordon, 
 
 Pickett, ■ 
 
 Graham, 
 
 Pierce, 
 
 Hale, 
 
 Pofford, 
 
 Haines, 
 
 Price, 
 
 Hamilton, 
 
 Reynolds, 
 
 Harris of Hancock, 
 
 Saffold, 
 
 Henderson, 
 
 Sharman, 
 
 Herrington, 
 
 Sharpe, 
 
 Hill of Harris, 
 
 Shropshire of Chattooga, 
 
 Hill of Troup, 
 
 Slater, 
 
 Hudson of Gwinnett, 
 
 Simmons of Gwinnett, 
 
 Hudson of Harris, 
 
 Simmons of Pickens, 
 
 Huggins, 
 
 Sirmons, 
 
 Hurst, 
 
 Sisk, 
 
 Jackson, 
 
 Smith of Charlton, 
 
 Johnson of Clayton, 
 
 Smith of DeKalb, 
 
 Johnson of Hall, 
 
 Smith of Johnson, 
 
 Johnson of Jefferson, 
 
 Smith of Talbot, 
 
 Jordan, 
 
 Spence, 
 
 Kenan, 
 
 Stapleton, 
 
 Ketchum, 
 
 Starr, 
 
 Killgore, 
 
 Stephens of Hancock, 
 
 Kirnsey, 
 
 Stephens of Taliaferro. 
 
 Kirk land, 
 
 Street, 
 
 Knox, 
 
 Strickland of Tatnall, 
 
 Lamar of Lincoln, 
 
 Taliaferro, 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 31 
 
 Thomas of Whitfield, 
 Trippe, 
 
 Turner of Hancock, 
 
 Warner, 
 
 Webb, 
 
 Wellborn, 
 
 West, 
 
 Whelchel, 
 
 Wicker, 
 
 Willingham, 
 
 So the motion prevailed. 
 
 Williams of Chattooga, 
 
 Williams of Harris, 
 
 Williamson, 
 
 Winn of Gwinnett, 
 
 Wofford, 
 
 Wood, 
 
 Yates, 
 
 Yopp, 
 
 Young of Irwin. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Stephens, of Taliaferro, the Door 
 Keeper was directed to employ an assistant. 
 
 Mr. Nisbet, from the committee appointed to report an 
 Ordinance to assert the right and fulfil the obligation of the 
 State of Georgia to secede from the Union, reported the 
 following : 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To dissolve the Union between the State of Georgia and 
 other States united with her under a compact of Gov- 
 ernment entitled " the Constitution of the United States 
 of America." 
 
 We, the yeople of the State of Georgia, in Convention assem- 
 bled, do declcirc and ordain, and it is hereby declared and or- 
 dained : 
 
 That the ordinance adopted by the people of the State 
 of Georgia in Convention on the second day of January in 
 the year of our Lord seventeen hundred and eighty-eight, 
 whereby the Constitution of the United States of America 
 was assented to, ratified and adopted ; and also all acts and 
 parts of acts of the General Assembly of this State ratify- 
 ing and adopting amendments of the said Constitution, are 
 hereby repealed, rescinded and abrogated. 
 
 We do further declare and ordain, That the Union now sub- 
 sisting between the State of Georgia and other States, 
 under the name of the " United States of America," is 
 hereby dissolved, and that • the State of Georgia is in the 
 
32 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 full possession and exercise of all those rights of sovereignty 
 which belong and appertain to a free and independent State. 
 
 The report was taken up, and, on motion of Mr. Toombs, 
 the ordinance was twice read. 
 
 Mr. Hill, of Troup, moved that the preamble and reso- 
 lutions offered by Mr. Johnson, of Jefferson, on yesterday, 
 as a substitute for the resolutions adopted by the Conven- 
 tion raising the committee to report an ordinance to assert 
 the right and fulfil the obligation of the State of Georgia 
 to secede from the Union, be received as a substitute for 
 the same. 
 
 On which motion the yeas and nays were demanded. 
 
 There are yeas 133 ; nays 164, to wit : 
 
 Those who voted in the affirmative are Messrs. : 
 
 Adams of Putnam, 
 
 Alexander of Upson, 
 
 Arnold, 
 
 Beasley, 
 
 Beck, 
 
 Bell of Banks, 
 
 Bell of Forsyth, 
 
 Black, 
 
 Bowen, 
 
 Brewton, 
 
 Briscoe, 
 
 Brown of Marion, 
 
 Brown of Webster, 
 
 Bullard. 
 
 Bush, 
 
 Byrd, 
 
 Cannon of Rabun, 
 Cars well , 
 Casey, 
 
 Cochran of Terrell, 
 
 Cochran of Wilkinson, 
 
 Cody, 
 
 Collins, 
 
 Corn, 
 
 Crawford of Greene, 
 Davis of Putnam, 
 Day, 
 
 Dickerson, 
 Deupree, 
 
 Fain, 
 
 Farns worth, 
 
 Fields, 
 
 Freeman, 
 
 Frier, 
 
 French, 
 
 Gordon, 
 
 Graham, 
 
 Hale, 
 
 Haines, 
 
 Hamilton, 
 
 Harris of Hancock, 
 
 Harris of Meriwether, 
 
 Henderson, 
 
 Herrington, 
 
 Hill of Harris, 
 
 Hill of Troup, 
 
 Hudson of Gwinnett, 
 
 Hudson of Harris, 
 
 Huggins, 
 
 Hust, 
 
 Jackson, 
 
 Johnson of Clayton, 
 
 Johnson of Hall, 
 
 Johnson of Jefferson, 
 
 Jordan, 
 
 Kenan, 
 
 Ketchum, 
 
 Killgore, 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTIOX. 
 
 33 
 
 Kimsey, 
 Kirkland, 
 Knox, 
 
 Lamar of Lincoln, 
 Langmade, 
 
 Lattimer of Montgomery, 
 Low, 
 Long, 
 
 Mabry of Heard, 
 Manson, 
 
 Martin of Lumpkin, 
 McDaniel, 
 McLain, 
 McRae, 
 Means, 
 Mershon, 
 Milton, 
 Mitchell, 
 Montgomery, 
 Morrow, 
 
 Neal of Columbia, 
 Neal of Talbot, 
 Newton, 
 Over street, 
 Paris, 
 Patrick, 
 Perkins, 
 
 Phinizy of Monroe, 
 Pickett, 
 Pierce, 
 Pofford, 
 Price, 
 Reynolds, 
 Saffold, 
 Sharman, 
 Sharpe, 
 
 Shropshire of Chattooga, 
 Simmons of Gwinnett, 
 
 Those who voted in the negatrv 
 Adams of Camden, 
 Alexander of Fulton, 
 Algood, 
 Allen, 
 Anderson, 
 Bailey, 
 Banks, 
 Bartow, 
 3 
 
 Simmons of Pickens, 
 Sisk, 
 
 Smith of Charlton, 
 Smith of DeKalb, 
 Smith of Johnson, 
 Smith of Talbot, 
 Spence, 
 Stapleton, 
 Starr, 
 
 Stephens of Hancock, 
 Stephens of Monroe, 
 Stephens of Taliaferro, 
 Street, 
 
 Strickland of Tatnall, 
 
 Taliaferro, 
 
 Teasley, 
 
 Thomas of Whitfield, 
 Trippe, 
 
 Tucker of Laurens, 
 
 Turner of Hancock, 
 
 Warner, 
 
 Water house, 
 
 Webb, 
 
 Wellborn, 
 
 West, 
 
 Whelchel, 
 
 Wicker, 
 
 Willi ngh am, 
 
 Williams of Chattooga, 
 
 Williams of Harris, 
 
 Williamson, 
 
 Winn of Gwinnett, 
 
 WorTord, 
 
 Wood, 
 
 Yates, 
 
 Yapp, 
 
 Young, of Irwin, 
 
 re are Messrs. : 
 
 Beall of Troup, 
 Benning, 
 Blalock, 
 Bozeman, 
 Briggs, 
 
 Brown of Houston, 
 Bryan, 
 Buchanan, 
 
-34 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Burch, 
 
 Hansell, 
 
 Burnett, 
 
 Hargroves, 
 
 Butts. 
 
 Harville, 
 
 Calhoun, 
 
 Harris of Glynn, 
 
 Cannon of Wayne, 
 
 Harris of Mcintosh, 
 
 Cantrejl, 
 
 Harvey, 
 
 Carson, 
 
 Hawkins, 
 
 Ghastain, 
 
 Head, 
 
 Cheshier, 
 
 Hendry, 
 
 Clarke, 
 
 Hendricks, 
 
 Cleveland, 
 
 Hill of Hart, 
 
 €obb, 
 
 Hilliard, 
 
 Coleman, 
 
 Hines, 
 
 Colquitt, 
 
 Hood, 
 
 Cox, 
 
 Howell, 
 
 Dabney, 
 
 Hull, 
 
 Daniel, 
 
 Humphries, 
 
 Davis of Chattahoochee, 
 
 v Jennings, 
 
 Davenport of Clay, 
 
 Johnson of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Davenport of Sumter, 
 
 Jones of Burke, 
 
 Dennis, 
 
 Jones of Chatham, 
 
 Douglass, 
 
 Lamar of Bibb, 
 
 Dozier, 
 
 Lamb, 
 
 Dewberry, 
 
 Lattimer of Appling, 
 
 Ellington, 
 
 Lester, 
 
 Fleming, 
 
 Lindley, 
 
 Flewellen, 
 
 Logan, 
 
 Fitzpatrick, 
 
 Logue, 
 
 Ford, 
 
 Lyle, 
 
 Fort of Stewart, 
 
 Mabry of Berrien, 
 
 Fort of Wayne, 
 
 Mallary, 
 
 Fouche, 
 
 Martin of Elbert, 
 
 Furlow, 
 
 McConnell of Catoosa, 
 
 Gaulden, 
 
 McConnell of Cherokee, 
 
 Gardner, 
 
 McCulloch, 
 
 Garvin, 
 
 McDonald, 
 
 Gee, 
 
 McDowell, 
 
 Gholston, 
 
 McGrifF, 
 
 Glenn of Fulton, 
 
 McLeod, 
 
 Glenn of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Moore of Bulloch, 
 
 Glover, 
 
 Moor of Spalding, 
 
 Giles, 
 
 Mounger, 
 
 <j 7 
 
 Gray,, 
 
 Munnerlyn, 
 
 Gresham, 
 
 Nisbet, 
 
 Gunn, 
 
 Padget, 
 
 Hall, 
 
 Patterson, 
 
 Hammond. 
 
 Phinizy of Richmoud, 
 
GEO R G I A CONTENTION. 
 
 35 
 
 Pinson, 
 
 Simms, 
 
 Pirtrnan. 
 
 Singleton, 
 
 Pitts, 
 
 Sirmons, 
 
 Poe, 
 
 Solomons, 
 
 Ponder. 
 
 Spencer, 
 
 Porter, 
 
 Stephens of Pierce, 
 
 Poullain, 
 
 Strickland of Forsyth, 
 
 Prescott, 
 
 Strother, 
 
 Pruett, 
 
 Styles, 
 
 Ramsey of Clinch. 
 
 Thomas of Dooly, 
 
 Ramsey of Muscogee, 
 
 Tidwell, 
 
 Peed, * 
 
 Tillman, 
 
 Reese, 
 
 Tomlinson, 
 
 Pice. 
 
 Toombs, 
 
 Richardson of Lee, 
 
 Troup, 
 
 Richardson of Twiggs, 
 
 Tucker of Colquitt. 
 
 Robinson, 
 
 Turner of Wilcox, 
 
 Robertson, 
 
 Usrv, 
 
 Roddev, 
 
 Yarn a doe. 
 
 Rowe, 
 
 Walton, 
 
 Rutherford, 
 
 Whitehead, 
 
 Sheffield of Calhoun, 
 
 Williams of ^Iclntosh, 
 
 Sheffield of Early, 
 
 Willis, 
 
 Shell. 
 
 Winn of Cobb, 
 
 Shropshire of Floyd, 
 
 Word, 
 
 Slater. 
 
 Wright, 
 
 Skelton, 
 
 Young of Gordon, 
 
 So the motion was lost. 
 
 Mr. Nishet moved that the Ordinance be put upon its 
 passage. 
 
 Whereupon Mr. Simmons, of Gwinnett, offered the fol- 
 lowing amendment : 
 
 " Provided that this ordinance shall 2:0 into effect on the 
 third day of March next.*' 
 
 Mr. Hood moved the previous question, which being 
 -seconded, the question came up on the passage of the ordi- 
 nance, when the yeas and nays were demanded. 
 
 There are yeas 208 ; nays S9 — the President voting in the 
 affirmative — to wit : 
 
 Those who voted in the affirmative are Messrs. 
 
 Adams of Camden. Algood, 
 Alexander of Fulton, Allen, 
 
JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Anderson, 
 
 Bailey, 
 
 Banks, 
 
 Bartow, 
 
 Beasley, 
 
 Beall of Troup, 
 
 Benning, 
 
 Black, 
 
 Blalock, 
 
 Bo wen, 
 
 Bozeman, 
 
 Briggs, 
 
 Briscoe. 
 
 Brown of Houston, 
 
 Brown of Marion, 
 
 Brown of Webster, 
 
 Bryan, 
 
 Buchanan, 
 
 Bullard, 
 
 Burch, 
 
 Burnett, 
 
 Bush, 
 
 Butts, 
 
 Calhoun, 
 
 Cannon of Wayne, 
 
 Cantrell, 
 
 Carson, 
 
 Casey, 
 
 Chastain, 
 
 Cheshier, 
 
 Clarke, 
 
 Cleveland, 
 
 Cobb, 
 
 Cody, 
 
 Coleman, 
 
 Collins, 
 
 Colquitt, 
 
 Cox, 
 
 Crawford of Greene, 
 Crawford of Richmond, 
 Dabney, 
 Daniel, 
 
 Davis of Chattahoochee, 
 
 Davenport of Clay, 
 
 Davenport of Sumter, 
 
 Dennis, 
 
 Douglass, 
 
 Dozier, 
 
 Dewberry, 
 
 Ellington, 
 
 Fleming, 
 
 Flewellen, 
 
 Fields, 
 
 Fitzpatrick, 
 
 Ford, 
 
 Fort of Stewart, 
 
 Fort of Wayne, 
 
 Fouche, 
 
 French, 
 
 Furlow, 
 
 Gaulden, 
 
 Gardner, 
 
 Garvin, 
 
 Gee, 
 
 Gholston, 
 
 Glenn of Fulton, 
 
 Glenn of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Glover, 
 
 Giles, 
 
 Gray, 
 
 Gresham, 
 
 Gunn, 
 
 Hall, 
 
 Haines, 
 
 Hammond, 
 
 Hansell, 
 
 Hargroves, 
 
 Harville, 
 
 Harris of Glynn, 
 
 Harris of Hancock, 
 
 Harris of Mcintosh, 
 
 Harris of Meriwether, 
 
 Harvey, 
 
 Hawkins, 
 
 Head, 
 
 Henderson, 
 
 Hendry, 
 
 Hendricks, 
 
 Hill of Harris, 
 
 Hill of Hart, 
 
 Hill of Troup, 
 
 Hilliard, 
 
 Hines, 
 
 Hood, 
 
 Howell, 
 
 Hudson of Harris, 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 Hull, 
 
 Humphries, 
 Jennings, 
 
 Johnson of Clayton, 
 
 Johnson of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Jones of Burke. 
 
 Jones of Chatham, 
 
 Ketchum. 
 
 Lamar of Lincoln, 
 
 Lamar of Bibb. 
 
 Lamb. 
 
 Langmade, 
 
 Lattimer of Appling, 
 
 Low, 
 
 Lester. 
 
 Linclley. 
 
 Logan, 
 
 Logue, 
 
 Long, 
 
 Lyle, 
 
 Mabry of Berrien, 
 Mallary. 
 
 Martin of Elbert. 
 
 3IcConnell of Catoosa, 
 
 McGonneli of Cherokee, 
 
 McCulloch, 
 
 HeDaniel, 
 
 McDonald, 
 
 McDowell. 
 
 Mc Griff, 
 
 McLeod, 
 
 Means. 
 
 Mershon. 
 
 Moore of Bulloch, 
 
 Moore of Spalding, 
 
 Montgomery, 
 
 Mounger, 
 
 Mannerlyn, 
 
 Heal of Columbia, 
 
 Xisbet, 
 
 Padget, 
 
 Patterson. 
 
 Phinizy of Richmond, 
 
 Pinson, 
 
 Pjttman, 
 
 Pitts. 
 
 Poe, 
 
 Ponder, 
 
 Porter, 
 Poullain, 
 Prescott, 
 Pruett, 
 
 Ramsey of Clinch. 
 
 Ramsey of Muscogee, 
 
 Reed. 
 
 Reese, 
 
 Rice, 
 
 Richardson of Lee, 
 
 Richardson of Twiggs. 
 
 Robinson, 
 
 Robertson, 
 
 Rodcley, 
 
 Rowe, 
 
 Rutherford. 
 
 Saffold. 
 
 Sheffield of Calhoun, 
 Sheffield of Early, 
 Shell, 
 
 Shropshire of Floyd, 
 
 Slater, 
 
 Skelton, 
 
 Simms, 
 
 Singleton. 
 
 Sirmons, 
 
 Sisk, 
 
 Smith of Talbot, 
 Solomons, 
 Spence, 
 Spencer, 
 
 Stephens of Monroe, 
 
 Stephens of Pierce, 
 
 Strickland of Forsyth, 
 
 Strother, 
 
 Styles. 
 
 Teasley, 
 
 Thomas of Dooly. 
 
 Thomas of Whitfield, 
 
 Tidwell, 
 
 Tillman, 
 
 Tomlinson. 
 
 Toombs, 
 
 Troup. 
 
 Tucker of Colquitt. 
 Turner of Hancock, 
 Turner of Wilcox, 
 Ifsrv, 
 
38 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Varnadoe, 
 Walton, 
 Whitehead, 
 Wicker, 
 
 Williams of Harris, 
 Williams of Mcintosh, 
 
 Willis, 
 
 Winn of Cobb, 
 Word, 
 Wright, 
 Yopp, 
 
 Young of Gordon. 
 
 Those who voted in the negative, are Messrs. 
 
 Alexander of Upson, 
 
 Arnold, 
 
 Beck, 
 
 Bell of Banks, 
 Bell of Forsyth, 
 Brewton, 
 Byrd, 
 
 Cannon of Kabun, 
 Carswell, 
 
 Cochran of Terrell, 
 Cochran of Wilkinson, 
 Corn, 
 
 Davis of Putnam, 
 Day, 
 
 Dickerson, 
 
 Deupree, 
 
 Fain, 
 
 Farnsworth, 
 
 Freeman, 
 
 Frier, 
 
 Gordon, 
 
 Graham, 
 
 Hale, 
 
 Hamilton, 
 
 Herrington, 
 
 Hudson of Gwinnett, 
 
 Huggins, 
 
 Hust, 
 
 Jackson, 
 
 Johnson of Hall, 
 
 Johnson of Jefferson, 
 
 Jordan, 
 
 Kenan, 
 
 Killgore, 
 
 Kimsey, 
 
 Kir kl and, 
 
 Knox, 
 
 Lattimer of Montgomery, 
 Mabry of Heard, 
 
 Manson, 
 
 Martin of Lumpkin f 
 
 McLain, 
 
 McBae, 
 
 Milton, 
 
 Mitchell, 
 
 Morrow, 
 
 Neal of Talbot, 
 
 Newton, 
 
 Overstreet, 
 
 Paris, 
 
 Patrick, 
 
 Perkins, 
 
 Phinizy of Monroe, 
 
 Pickett, 
 
 Pierce, 
 
 PofFord, 
 
 Price, 
 
 Eeynolds, 
 
 Sharman, 
 
 Sharpe, 
 
 Shropshire of Chattooga 5 
 Simmons of Gwinnett, 
 Simmons of Pickens, 
 Smith of Charlton, 
 Smith of DeKalb, 
 Smith of Johnson, 
 Stapleton, 
 Starr, 
 
 Stephens of Hancock, 
 Stephens of Taliaferro, 
 Street, 
 
 Strickland of Tatnall, 
 
 Taliaferro, 
 
 Trippe, 
 
 Tucker of Laurens, 
 Warner, 
 Waterhouse, 
 Webb, 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 39 
 
 Wellborn. Winn of Gwinnett. 
 
 West. ' Wofford, 
 
 Whelchel, Wood. 
 
 Willingham, Yates. 
 
 Williams of Chattooga. Young of Irwin. 
 Williamson. 
 
 So the ordinance was adopted. 
 
 Whereupon the President said that it was his privilege 
 and pleasure to declare that the State of Georgia was free, 
 sovereign, and independent. 
 
 Mr. Beall, of Troup offered the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That the Secretary of the Convention prepare 
 parchment upon which to enrol the ordinance of secession 
 for the signature of the members of the Convention, and 
 that the same be deposited among the archives of the State 
 of Georgia. 
 
 Mr. Nisbet offered the following as a substitute for the 
 foregoing : 
 
 Resolved, That the ordinance of secession be engrossed, 
 under the direction of a committee of three to be appointed 
 by the chair, upon parchment, and reported to the Conven- 
 tion for signature at 12 o'clock on Monday next, and when 
 signed that it be deposited in the archives of the State. 
 
 Resolved, That the committee appointed by the above 
 resolution be. and they are hereby instructed to invite his 
 Excellency the Governor, the Commissioners from South 
 Carolina and Alabama, and the Judges of the Supreme 
 Court, who may be in attendance, to be present at the 
 signing of the ordinance. 
 
 The substitute was received and adopted. 
 
 The chair announced the following as the committee un- 
 der the foregoing resolution, to wit : 
 
 Messrs. Beall of Troup, 
 
 Yarn a doe of Liberty. 
 Hawkins of Sumter. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Bartow, the resolution offered by him 
 
40 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 on yesterday for the appointment of standing committees, 
 was taken up and agreed to. 
 
 Mr. Bartow offered the following resolution, which was 
 taken up and read : 
 
 Resolved, That until otherwise ordered by this Conven- 
 tion, the Collectors of Customs and Postmasters within this 
 State, shall continue to discharge the duties of their offices, 
 in accordance with the regulations heretofore governing 
 them. 
 
 Mr. Msbet moved to amend the same by inserting after 
 the word "Postmasters" the words " and all civil Federal 
 officers" 
 
 The amendment was adopted, and the resolution as amen- 
 ded was passed. 
 
 Mr. Alexander of Upson, offered the following resolutions, 
 which were read : 
 
 Resolved, as the sense of this Convention, That the people of 
 Georgia would be willing that the Federal Union, now- 
 broken and dissolved, should be reconstructed whenever the 
 same can be done upon a basis that would secure, perma- 
 nently and unequivocally, the full measure of the rights 
 and equality of the people of the slaveholding States. 
 
 Resolved, That we recommend to any Convention that 
 may be held by the slaveholding States, the consideration 
 of the policy indicated by the foregoing resolution, and that 
 said Convention, in the event that it concurs in the same, 
 should consider and declare the terms and conditions upon 
 which such reconstruction may be had. 
 
 Resolved, That the President of this Convention cause a 
 copy of these resolutions to be forwarded to any Conven- 
 tion that may be held by the slaveholding States. 
 
 Leave of absence was granted to Messrs. Strother of Lin- 
 coln, and Banks of Stewart, on account of sickness. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Hood, the Convention adjourned till 
 ten o'clock Monday morning. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 MONDAY, JANUARY 21, 1S61. 
 
 The Convention met pursuant to adjournment, and was 
 opened with prayer by the Rev. Mr. Crawford. 
 
 A quorum being present, the journal was read. 
 
 Mr. Simms, of Decatur, moved to reconsider so much of 
 the journal of yesterday, as relates to the passage of the 
 resolution, offered by Mr. Bartow, in order to strike out the 
 amendment thereto, concerning " Civil Federal Officers" 
 
 The motion did not prevail. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Harris of Meriwether, Mr. Martin a del- 
 gate from the same county, was permitted to record his 
 vote on each of the propositions offered by Messrs. Xisbet 
 and Johnson, of Jefferson, to the Convention — that delegate 
 having been prevented from voting on the same by indis- 
 position. 
 
 Mr. Martin, therefore, voted in the affirmative for the 
 substitute offered by Mr. Johnson of Jefferson, and in the 
 negative on the resolutions offered by Mr. Nisbet, and in 
 the affirmative on the adoption of the ordinance of seces- 
 sion. 
 
 Mr. Fleming laid on the table the following ordinance, 
 which was read. 
 
 AX ORDINANCE 
 
 To prescribe the mode in which the acts, records and judi- 
 cial proceedings in each of the States lately composing the 
 Union, known as the United States of America, and the 
 records and exemplifications of office books, which are or 
 may be kept in any public office of any such State, not 
 pertaining to a Court, shall be authenticated so as to 
 take effect in the State of Georgia. 
 
 The people of Georgia in Convention assembled, do ordain and 
 declare, and it is hereby ordained and declared as follows, to-icit : 
 
 1st- That until further legislation by the General Assem- 
 bly, the records and judicial proceedings of the Courts of 
 
42 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 any of the States lately composing the Union, known as the 
 United States of America, shall be proved or admitted in 
 any of the Courts within the State of Georgia, by the at- 
 testation of the Clerk, and the seal of the Court annexed, if 
 there be a seal, together with the certificate of the Judge, 
 Chief Justice, or presiding Magistrate, as the case may be, 
 that the attestation is in due form. And the said records 
 and judicial proceedings authenticated as aforesaid, shall 
 have such faith and credit given to them in any Court of 
 the State of Georgia, as they have law or usage in the 
 Courts of the State, from which the said records are or shall 
 be taken. 
 
 Sec. 2. That until further legislation, all records and ex- 
 emplifications of office books, which are, or may be kept in 
 any State of such Union, not appertaining to a Court, shall 
 be proved or admitted in any other Court or office in this 
 State, by the r ttestation of the keeper of said records or 
 books, with the seal of his office thereto annexed, if there be 
 a seal, together with the certificate of the presiding Justice 
 of the Court of the county or district, as the case may be, 
 in which such office is or may be kept, or of the Governor, 
 Secretary of State, Chancellor or keeper of the great seal of 
 the State, that the said attestation is in due form and by the 
 proper officer. And the said certificate if given by the pre- 
 siding Justice of a Court, shall be further authenticated by 
 the Clerk or protonotary of the said Court, who shall certify 
 under his hand and the seal of his office, that the said pre- 
 siding Justice is duly commissioned and qualified, or if the 
 said certificate be given by the Governor, the Secretary of 
 State, or keeper of the great seal, it shall be under the great 
 seal of the State in which such certificate is made. And the 
 said records and exemplifications authenticated as aforesaid, 
 shall have such faith and credit given to them within this 
 State, as they have law or usage in the Courts or office of 
 the State whence the same are or shall be taken. 
 
 Sec. 3. That until such further legislation, the provisions 
 of this ordinance shall apply to the public acts, records, 
 office books, judicial proceedings, Courts and offices of the 
 respective territories, lately of said Union, and countries 
 lately subject to the jurisdiction thereof. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 Mr. Cocliran of "Wilkinson, laid on the table the following 
 preamble and resolutions which were read. 
 
 The aggressions of the people of the Northern States, of 
 the Republic of the United States of America, upon the 
 constitutional rights of the State of Georgia, having been 
 deemed by the people of Georgia sufficient cause to impel 
 her in the maintainance of her rights and honor, to with- 
 draw her connection with the Federal Union, and to resume 
 her sovereignty and independence, j ustice to herself requires 
 that she should demand her proportional part of the public 
 property, and intending to preserve untarnished, her honor, 
 in the discharge of every moral obligation, and in good faith 
 to the creditors of the General Government, contracted with 
 while" Georgia was a member thereof, urge her to a guaran- 
 tee of the payment of her pro rata part of the public debt of 
 the United States, existing at the time of the act of secession 
 of this State from the Union. 
 
 Be it therefore resolved, That Georgia will demand, and en- 
 force her rights, to her proportion of the public property, 
 held by the General Government at the time of the dissolu- 
 tion of the partnership. 
 
 Resolved further, That Georgia will assume and guarantee 
 the payment of her pro rata part of the public debt of the 
 United States, existing at the time of her secession from the 
 Union. 
 
 Resolved further ; That the foregoing resolutions be com- 
 municated to the Governor, with the request that he lay 
 them before the Legislature upon its re-assembling, with 
 the recommendation of this Convention that the Legislature 
 take such action as may be necessary to carry the same into 
 effect. 
 
 Resolved further, That this Convention of the people of 
 Georgia, respectfully call the attention of our sister seceding 
 States to this subject, and ask their co-operation in the poli- 
 cy, and that the Governor of Georgia be requested to com- 
 municate the same to the respective Governor's there- 
 of." 
 
 Mr. Yarnadoe offered the following ordinance which was 
 read : 
 
44 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 " Whj&rmsi many of the citizens of Georgia hold office in 
 the Army or Navy of the United States, who impelled by 
 patriotic impulses, will resign and return to their native 
 State : 
 
 Therefore, The people of Georgia, in Convention, do here- 
 by ordain, that such shall be allowed the same rank and 
 grade in the Army and Navy of the Commonwealth of Geor- 
 gia, with the same pay and emoluments, which they receive 
 in the Army or Navy of the United States." 
 
 Mr. Johnson, of Clayton, offered the following resolutions 
 w T hich were taken up, and read : 
 
 " Resolved, That the Hon. T. L. Guerry, President of the 
 Senate, and the Hon. C. J. Williams, Speaker of the House 
 of Kepresentatives be, and they are hereby invited to seats 
 on the floor of this Convention. 
 
 And be it further resolved, That the gallery be opened from 
 day to day, unless otherwise ordered by the President, for 
 the reception of the ladies, and that this Convention re- 
 spectfully invite them to seats in the same." 
 
 Mr. Cannon, of Wayne, moved to strike out the word 
 " ladies" in the last resolution, which was carried. 
 
 Mr. Styles moved to insert " reporters" pending the con- 
 sideration of which, Mr. Hill, of Troup, moved to strike out 
 all after the word " President" which was carried. 
 
 Mr. Briscoe moved to divide the resolutions, which mo- 
 tion prevailed. 
 
 Whereupon, the first resolution was adopted. 
 
 The second resolution as amended, was then put upon its 
 passage, when 
 
 Mr. Styles moved to insert, " and that Keporters be invit- 
 ed to seats upon the floor." 
 
 Mr. Cannon, of Wayne, moved to amend by limiting the 
 number of reporters to " ten" which motion prevailed. 
 
 The amendment of Mr. Styles, as amended did not pre- 
 vail. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 45 
 
 On the question being put, the second resolution in the 
 following form was adopted, to-wit : 
 
 And he it further resolved, That the gallery be opened from 
 day to day, unless otherwise ordered by the President. 
 
 Mr. Nisbet, offered the following preamble and resolution 
 which were taken up and read: 
 
 "Whereas, the lack of unanimity in the action of this Con- 
 vention, in the passage of the Ordinance of Secession, indi- 
 cates a difference of opinion amongst the members of the 
 Convention, not so much as to the rights which Georgia 
 claims, or the wrongs of which she complains, as to the 
 remedy and its application before a resort to other means 
 of redress : 
 
 And whereas, it is desirable to give expression to that in- 
 tention which really exists among all the members of this 
 Convention, to sustain the State in the course of action 
 which she has pronounced to be proper for the occasion, 
 therefore : 
 
 Resolved, That all members of this Convention, including 
 those who voted against the said ordinance, as well as those 
 who voted for it, will sign the same as a pledge of the unani- 
 mous determination of this Convention to sustain and de- 
 fend the State, in this her chosen remedy, with all its res- 
 ponsibilities and consequences, without regard to individu- 
 al approval or disapproval of its adoption." 
 
 Mr. Nisbet then moved their adoption, which motion 
 prevailed. 
 
 Mr. Shropshire, of Floyd, laid upon the table the follow- 
 ing resolution, which w r as read : 
 
 " Whereas, it is now, more than ever before, the duty of 
 Georgia, to husband all her resources, and whereas, an eco- 
 nomical administration of the Government, will greatly 
 tend to the accomplishment ot this object. 
 
 Therefore he it resolved, That a committee of, be ap- 
 pointed, whose duty it shall be to inquire into the power 
 of this Convention, to reduce the number of Senators and 
 Representatives in the General Assembly of Georgia, and if 
 the power to do so, exists in this body, to report an ordi- 
 nance or such other measure as will effect this purpose, and 
 on such basis as they may think best. 
 
46 
 
 JOUENAL OF THE . 
 
 Mr. Beall, of Troup, from the committee to prepare the 
 Ordinance of Secession for the signatures of the delegates, 
 reported that the committee had discharged that; duty, 'and 
 that the ordinance was engrossed upon parchment, and was 
 subject to the disposition of the Convention. 
 
 Mr. Cobb offered the following resolutions, which were 
 read : 
 
 Resolved, That the committee on foreign affairs (when ap- 
 pointed), be requested to nominate to this Convention for 
 its ratification, the names of two proper persons to represent 
 the State of Georgia, as Commissioners to the Conventions 
 of the people of the States of Lousiana and Texas respec- 
 tively. 
 
 Resolved further, That the same committee be requested 
 to consider and report upon the propriety of requesting 
 those slave-holding States, which shall not have seceded by 
 the fourth day of February next, to appoint Commissioners 
 to represent such States, at the Congress of the seceding 
 Stalls, to be held at Montgomery on that day. 
 
 He then moved to take up and adopt the first resolution. 
 
 Which motion prevailed. 
 
 Mr. Martin moved to take up his resolution, directing 
 that the Ordinance of Secession be published by proclama- 
 tion of the Governor, and submitted to the people of this 
 State for ratification by the 20th of February next, &c. 
 
 The motion to take up prevailed. 
 
 He then moved that the resolution be adopted. 
 
 The motion was lost. 
 
 Mr. Chastain laid on the table the following resolution, 
 which was read : 
 
 Resolved, That this Convention in behalf of the Republic 
 of Georgia, assume the payment of debts to become due 
 carriers of mails from and after the passage of the Ordinance 
 of Secession. 
 
 The President, at 12 o'clock M. announced to the Con- 
 vention, that the hour had arrived for signing the Ordinance 
 of Secession, and having first placed his signature thereto, 
 
GEORGIA CuXYEXTIOX. 
 
 4? 
 
 the Seeret-ary was directed to ,; call the counties," when 
 the delegates proceeded to affix their signatures to the 
 same. 
 
 Mr. Xisbet then moved that the committee to prepare the 
 Ordinance of Secession for. the signatures of the delegates, 
 now cause the great seal of the State to be attached there- 
 to. 
 
 The motion prevailed. 
 
 Air. Milliard ottered the following resolution, which was 
 taken up, read, and adopted. 
 
 Resolved, That the President of this Convention, cause a 
 certified copy of the ordinance just signed, to be sent to our 
 Senators and Representatives in the Congress of the United 
 States : and also a similar copy to the President of the Unit- 
 ed States ; and a similar copy to the Governor of each of 
 the States lately composing the United Srates of America. 
 
 The President announced the following Standing Com- 
 mittees.'' to-wit : 
 
 Committee on the Relations with the Slave-holding States 
 of North America: 
 
 Messrs. Penning, 
 Poullain," 
 
 Alexander of Upson, 
 
 Hawkins. 
 
 Woffordi 
 
 Lamar of Pibb. 
 
 Langmade, 
 
 Styles, 
 
 Stephens of Monroe, 
 Spencer. 
 McDaniel, 
 Means, 
 
 Cannon of Wayne. 
 
48 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Committee on Foreign Relations: 
 
 Messrs. Toombs, 
 
 Stephens of Taliaferro, 
 
 Colquitt, 
 
 Hull, 
 
 Johnson of Jefferson, 
 Poe, 
 Briscoe, 
 Fleming, 
 Warner, 
 Hansell, 
 Douglass, 
 . Chastain, 
 Davis of Putnam. 
 
 Committee on Commercial and Postal Arrangements. 
 
 Messrs. Anderson, 
 
 Harris of Glynn, 
 Bell of Forsyth, 
 Bailey, 
 
 Hudson of H arris, 
 
 Alexander of Fulton, 
 
 French, 
 
 Hood, 
 
 Calhoun, 
 
 Shropshire of Floyd, 
 
 Dabney, 
 
 Sims, 
 
 Casey. 
 
 Committee -on Military Affairs: 
 
 Messrs. Bartow, 
 Tidwell, 
 
 Brown of Marion, 
 
 Bryan, 
 
 Robertson, 
 
 Montgomery, 
 
 Giles, 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 49 
 
 Messrs. Saffold, 
 Burch, 
 
 Smith of Talbot, 
 Strickland, 
 Rutherford, 
 Martin of Elbert. 
 
 Committee on the Constitution of the State, and Consti- 
 tution and Laws of the United States : 
 
 Messrs. Cobb, 
 Clarke. 
 
 Stephens of Hancock, 
 
 Ramsey of Muscogee, 
 
 Crawford of Green, 
 
 Hill of Troup, 
 
 Glenn of Fulton, 
 
 Reese, 
 
 Trippe, 
 
 Fouche, 
 
 Kenan, 
 
 Rice, 
 
 Lamar of Lincoln, 
 
 Leave of absence was granted to Mr. Styles of Ware, on 
 account of important business, and to Mr. Usry on account 
 of sickness in his family. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Chastain, the Convention then adjourn- 
 ed till 10 o'clock to-morrow morning. 
 
 TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 1861. 
 
 The Convention met pursuant to adjournment, and was 
 opened with prayer by the Rev. Mr. Adams. 
 
 A quorum being present, the journal of yesterday was 
 read. 
 
 Mr. Varnadoe's resolution, relative to officers in the 
 Army and Navy of the United States, (citizens of Georgia 
 who will resign and return to their native State) was taken 
 up and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. 
 4 
 
50 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Mr. Alexander's (of Upson) resolutions relative to a re- 
 construction of the late "Federal Union" was taken up, and 
 referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. 
 
 The Ordinance laid upon the table on yesterday, intro- 
 duced by Mr. Fleming, "to prescribe the mode in which the 
 acts, records, and judicial proceedings in each of the States 
 lately composing the Union known as the ' United States of 
 America,"' and for other purposes, was taken up and refer- 
 red to the Committee on the Constitution of the State, and 
 the Constitution and Laws of the United States. 
 
 The resolution of Mr. Shropshire of Floyd, to appoint a 
 Committee whose duty it shall be to inquire into the power 
 of this Convention to reduce the number of Senators and 
 Representatives in the General Assembly, and if so, to re- 
 port an Ordinance thereon, was taken up. 
 
 On motion, the blank in the resolution was filled with 
 .the word "sixteen" 
 
 The resolution was then adopted. 
 
 The second of a series of resolutions introduced by Mr. 
 Cobb on yesterday, requesting the Committee on Foreign 
 Relations, to consider and report upon the propriety of 
 requesting those slaveholding States which shall not have 
 seceded by the 4th day of February next, to appoint Com- 
 missioners to represent said States at the Congress of the 
 seceding States to be held at Montgomery on that day, was 
 taken up and referred to that Committee. 
 
 Mr. Varnadoe's resolution relative to the employment o^ 
 small armed steamers to ply along the sea-coast, to prevent 
 depredations of piratical or marauding parties, was taken 
 up and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. 
 
 Mr. Chastain's resolution relative to the assumption of 
 debts to become due to carriers of mails from and after the 
 passage of the Ordinance of secession, was taken up and 
 referred to the Committee on Commercial and Postal Ar- 
 rangements. 
 
 Mr. Simmons of Gwinnett, laid on the table the following 
 quasi protest, which was taken up, read, and ordered to be 
 spread upon the journal : 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 51 
 
 "We, the undersigned delegates to the Convention of the 
 State of Georgia, now in session, while we most solemnly 
 protest against the action of the majority in adopting an 
 Ordinance for the immediate and separate secession of this 
 State, and would have preferred the policy of co-operation 
 w T ith our Southern sister States, yet as good citizens, we 
 yield to the will of a majority of her people as expressed 
 by their representatives, and we hereby pledge "our lives, 
 our fortunes, and our sacred honor," to the defence of 
 Georgia, if necessary, against hostile invasion from any 
 source whatever. 
 
 Milledgeville, Ga., January 22d, 1861. 
 
 JAMES P. SIMMONS, of Gwinnett, 
 THOMAS M. McRAE, of Montgomery, 
 F. H. LATIMER, 
 DAVIS WHELCHEL, of Hall, 
 P. M. BYRD, 
 
 JAMES SIMMONS, of Pickens." 
 
 Mr. Garvin offered the following Ordinance, which was 
 taken up, read, and referred to the Committee on the Con- 
 stitution of the State, and the Constitution and Laws of 
 the United States, to-wit : 
 
 AN ORDINANCE : 
 
 " The people of Georgia in Convention assembled, do 
 hereby ordain that all white persons residing within the 
 limits of this State at the date of the Ordinance of seces- 
 tion, are hereby constituted citizens of the State, without 
 regard to place of birth, or length of residence." 
 
 Mr. Bartow laid upon the table a communication from 
 the Post Master at Savannah, w T hich on his motion, was 
 taken up, read, and on motion of Mr. Chastain, w r as refer- 
 red to the Committee on Commercial and Postal Ar- 
 rangements. 
 
 Mr. Styles of Ware, offered the following resolution^ 
 which on his motion, was referred to the Committee on 
 the Constitution of the State, and the Constitution and 
 laws of the United States : 
 
52 
 
 JOUENAL OF THE 
 
 Resolved, That it be referred to the Committee on the 
 Constitution to enquire and report on the expediency of 
 appointing forthwith a council to consist of citizens of this 
 State, to act with the Governor of the State as his coun- 
 sellors and advisers, and to be called " a Council of Safety." 
 
 Mr. Cobb, from the Committee on the Constitution of 
 the State, and the Constitution and Laws of the United 
 States, reported the following Ordinance : 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 To provide for the execution of sentences passed by the 
 Courts of the United States within the limits of the State 
 of Georgia; and for the execution of process issued by 
 the same Courts, and to preserve indictments : 
 The people of Georgia, through their Delegates in Con- 
 vention assembled do hereby declare and ordain, That all 
 persons now confined in the Penitentiary of this State, un- 
 der sentence upon conviction for crime, by any Court of 
 the late United States, for the Districts of Georgia, shall 
 continue in. such imprisonment until the full execution of 
 such sentences shall have been accomplished in the same 
 manner as if the Ordinance of Secession had not been 
 passed. 
 
 And it is further declared and ordained by the authority afore- 
 said, That all persons now arrested or confined in the jails 
 of this State, under process from the said Courts of the 
 late United States shall not be released or discharged by 
 reason of the said Ordinance, but shall continue under the 
 said arrest or imprisonment until discharged by due process 
 of law 7 . And all persons who shall have heretofore given bail 
 to answer to any warrant or other process from said Courts, 
 shall not be, released from the obligation of such bonds, but 
 shall be (with their sureties) bound to appear and answer 
 to such Courts of this State, as may be directed by this 
 Convention. 
 
 And be it further ordained and declared, That all indict- 
 ments heretofore found true in the said Courts, and not 
 hitherto disposed of, shall continue in full force and virtue 
 until heard and determined by the Courts to which juris- 
 diction thereof may be transferred. And all process or 
 warrant, or other criminal proceeding issuing out of, or 
 
GE0EGE4 COXYEXTIOX. 
 
 53 
 
 returnable to the said Courts, shall lose no virtue by reason 
 of the said act of secession, but shall be returnable to. and 
 executed in the name of the Court to which jurisdiction 
 may be given by this Convention. 
 
 The report was taken up. and the Ordinance read twice 
 and passed. 
 
 From the same Committee. Mr. Cobb also reported the 
 following Ordinance, which was taken up and read: 
 
 AX ORDIXAXCE 
 
 To declare, and continue in force in this State, sundry laws 
 of the late United States of America, in reference to the 
 African slave trade. 
 
 The people of Georgia, in Convention assembled, do hereby 
 declare and ordain. That all the Laws passed by the Con- 
 gress of the late United States of America, and in force in 
 this State prior to the 19th day of January, 1S61, except 
 the fifth section of the act of 10th May, ISOO/be, and the 
 same is hereby declared to be in full force in this State; 
 Provided, the same shall not be construed to extend to the 
 importation of negro slaves from any one of the slavehold- 
 ing States of the late United States of America, or from 
 either of the Independent Republics of South Carolina, 
 Alabama, Florida, or Mississippi. 
 
 Be it further ordained and declared, That the Governor 
 of Georgia shall discharge all the duties required by said 
 laws of the President of the United States, and the Attor- 
 ney or Solicitor General of the Judicial District where the 
 case arises, shall discharge all the duties required of the 
 District Attorney, and the Sheriff of the county all the 
 duties required of the Marshal. 
 
 Be it further ordained, That the State of Georgia shall be 
 substituted for the United States, in every portion of said 
 laws where the substitution is required by the present inde- 
 pendent condition of said State. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Hansell. the Ordinance was made the 
 special order of the day to-morrow, and 500 copies of the 
 same were ordered to be printed. 
 
54 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Mr. Toombs, from the Committee on Foreign Relations 
 made the following report : 
 
 "That the Committee, in accordance with the resolution 
 adopted on yesterday, have nominated W. J. Vason, Esq., 
 of Richmond county,' as the Commissioner from Georgia to 
 the State of Louisiana, and General J. W. A. Sanford, of 
 Baldwin county, as the Commissioner from Georgia to the 
 State of Texas." 
 
 The report was taken up and the nominations ratified. 
 
 Whereupon the President was requested to issue com- 
 missions to said Commissioners. 
 
 Mr. Carswell offered the following resolution, which was 
 taken up and adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That a Committee of five on Printing, be ap- 
 pointed by the President ; also, a Committee of five on 
 Enrolling, and a Committee of five on Accounts. 
 
 Whereupon the President announced as the Committee 
 on Printing : 
 
 Messrs. Munnerlyn, 
 Hammond, 
 Harris of Hancock, 
 Price, 
 Porter. 
 
 Committee on Enrollment : 
 
 Messrs. Fort of Wavne, 
 Briscoe, 
 
 Moor of Spalding, 
 Furlow, 
 
 Johnson of Hall, 
 Committee on Accounts: 
 
 Messrs. Carswell, 
 
 Adams of Putnam, 
 
 McDonald, 
 
 Gresham, 
 
 McConnell of Catoosa. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Anderson, the Convention then ad- 
 journed till 10 o'clock, to-morrow morning. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 55 
 
 "WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 23, 1S61. 
 
 The Convention met pursuant to adjournment, and was 
 opened with prayer by the Rev. Mr. Mum. 
 
 A quorum being present, the Journal of yesterday was 
 read. 
 
 The President then announced the following as the Com- 
 mittee of sixteen, under the Resolution adopted on yester- 
 day to inquire into the power of this Convention to reduce 
 the number of Senators and Representatives in the G-eneral 
 Assembly of Georgia, and if so, to report an Ordinance for 
 the same, to-wit : / 
 
 Messrs. Shropshire of Floyd, 
 Dabney, 
 Varnadoe, 
 Spencer, 
 
 Ramsey of Muscogee, 
 
 Mallary, 
 
 Bailey, 
 
 Phinizy of Monroe, 
 Beall of Troup, 
 Smith of DeKalb, 
 Knox, 
 
 Simmons of Gwinnett, 
 Reynolds, 
 
 Turner of Hancock, 
 
 Garvin, 
 
 Gresham. 
 
 Mr. Toombs, from the Committee on Foreign Relations, 
 reported that said Committee have had under consideration 
 the subject of a Congress of the States, which have with- 
 drawn from the government of the United States of Amer- 
 ica, proposed to be held at Montgomery, in the State of 
 Alabama , on the 4th day of February next, and recommend 
 the adoption of the following Resolutions, which were 
 taken up and read : 
 
 Resolved, That this Convention will to-morrow at 12 
 o'clock elect ten Delegates, to represent the State of Geor- 
 gia in said Congress, with such powers as the Convention 
 
\ 
 
 56 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 may hereafter confer upon them, ard that a majority of 
 all the votes cast shall be necessary to a choice ; Provided, 
 That two Delegates shall be chosen for the State at large, 
 and one from each Congressional District in this State. 
 
 2nd, Resolved, That the Committee on Foreign Relations 
 do prepare instructions for said Representatives, to be sub- 
 mitted to this Convention. 
 
 The first Resolution was then put upon its passage, when 
 Mr. Stephens of Hancock moved to strike out the word 
 "to-morrow," and insert "to-day." 
 
 The motion was lost and the Resolution was then adopted. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Toombs, the second Resolution was 
 also adopted. 
 
 Mr. Toombs, from the same Committee, also reported 
 the following Resolutions, which were taken up, read and 
 adopted : 
 
 1st, Resolved, That this Convention cordially unite in 
 the invitation extended by the Convention of the Republic 
 of Alabama, to those of the slaveholding States which 
 may not have -withdrawn from the government of the 
 United States of America by that time, to send Commis- 
 sioners to represent them at a Congress of the States which 
 have withdrawn, to be held at Montgomery, Alabama, on 
 the 4th day of February next. 
 
 2nd, Be it further Resolved, That the President of this 
 Convention do send a certified copy of this Resolution to 
 the Governors of the States of Delaware, Maryland, Vir- 
 ginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, 
 Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas, with the request that they 
 lay them before the Legislatures or Conventions of their 
 respective States. 
 
 Mr. Warner laid upon the table the following Ordinance, 
 which was taken up, read, and referred to the Committee 
 on the Constitution of the State, and the Constitution and 
 Laws of the United States. 
 
 Be it Ordained, by the People of Georgia, in Convention as- 
 sembled, That the following words shall be added to the 
 
GEORGIA CONTENTION. 57 
 
 5th Section of the 4th Article of the Constitution of the 
 State of Georgia, to- wit: "And that no Law, or Ordinance, 
 shall be passed, impairing the obligation of contracts, nor 
 shall private property be taken for public use without just 
 compensation." 
 
 Be it further Ordained, by the authority aforesaid, That 
 the following sections shall be added to the Consti- 
 tution of the State of Georgia, and become part thereof, 
 to-wit: "Full faith and credit shall be given in this State 
 to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of any 
 other State, heretofore known and recognized as the United 
 States of America, and shall be received in evidence in the 
 Courts in this State, under the same rules and regulations 
 as prescribed by the Acts of Congress of the late United 
 States, passed the 26th day of May, 1790, and the 27th 
 March, 1S04." 
 
 Be it further Ordained, by the authority aforesaid, That all 
 judgments, sentences, and decrees, heretofore made and 
 rendered by the Federal Courts within the State of Geor- 
 gia, shall remain operative, and in full force, as well as all 
 laws heretofore enacted by the said Federal Congress which 
 may be beneficial and applicable to the wants, interests, 
 and present condition, of the people of Georgia, until 
 otherwise altered or repealed by the General Assembly of 
 this State. 
 
 Mr. Hill, of Troup, laid upon the table the following 
 Ordinance, which was taken up, read, and on his motion 
 referred to the Committee having matter germain to the 
 subjects before them : 
 
 AX ORDINANCE 
 
 To continue in force the Laws, and to preserve the order, 
 peace, and conveniences of the people of Georgia, until 
 otherwise provided : 
 
 Whereas, The State of Georgia has seceded from the 
 Federal Union; and whereas, we deem the right, and 
 therefore desire the act, of secession, to be peaceable, and 
 said act shall be peaceable unless otherwise ordered by the 
 Federal Government : 
 
5S 
 
 / 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Therefore, he it Ordained,, by the People of Georgia, in Cpmen- 
 tion assembled, and it is hereby Ordained by the authority of 
 the same : 
 
 Section 1st. That until otherwise provided, all laws and 
 regulations of the Government of the United States, not 
 inconsistent with the Ordinance of secession, and which 
 are applicable to the condition and wants of the people of 
 this State, and necessary to preserve undisturbed the rights 
 of non-residents acquired and vested prior to the passage 
 of the Ordinance of secession, be, and the same are here- 
 by continued in full force, and of binding obligation, upon 
 the authorities and people of the State of Georgia. 
 
 Sec. 2nd. Be it further Ordained, by the authority aforesaid, 
 That collectors of customs, and all other officers connected 
 with the revenue service, and all other officers connected 
 with the Post Office Department in this State, and all mail 
 carriers, mail contractors, and mail agents, be, and they 
 are hereby allowed to continue to perform their functions 
 of office in this State under the laws, and accountable 
 to the government of the United States, as heretofore. 
 
 Sec. 3rd. Be it further Ordained, That the Courts and 
 officers thereof of the United States within the State of 
 Georgia, be, and they are hereby authorized to continue 
 in the discharge of their respective duties until otherwise 
 provided by this Convention, or the Convention of the 
 seceding States. 
 
 Sec. 4th. Be it further Ordained, by the authority afore- 
 said, That until otherwise ordered, the State of Georgia will, 
 in good faith, observe and keep all treaties and contract obli- 
 gations made and entered into by the General Government 
 while Georgia was a member thereof, as far as the same 
 are applicable to, or require duties of, the State of Geor- 
 gia. 
 
 Mr. Benning, from the Committee on the Relations with 
 the slaveholding States of North America, made the fol- 
 lowing 
 
 REPORT : 
 
 "That they have had under consideration the subject of 
 sending Commissioners to the slaveholding States, and have 
 
GEOKGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 59 
 
 instructed him to report the following Resolution, and do 
 recommend its adoption by the Convention : 
 
 "Resolved, That this Convention appoint a Commissioner 
 from the State of Georgia to each of the States of Dela- 
 ware, Maryland, Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, 
 Kentucky, Missouri, and Arkansas, to present to the Legis- 
 latures or Conventions, or in the event neither shall be in 
 session, to the Governor of those States, the Ordinance of 
 Secession of Georgia, and to invite the co-operation with 
 her and other Seceding States, in the formation of a 
 Southern Confederacy.'' 
 
 The report was taken up and. read. 
 
 Mr. Benning, from the same Committee, made the fol- 
 lowing 
 
 REPORT: 
 
 "That they have had the subject of the inter-State Slave 
 Trade under consideration, and they have instructed him 
 to report the following Ordinance, and recommend its 
 adoption, to-wit: 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 In relation to the inter-State Slave Trade. 
 
 Be it Ordained by the People of Georgia, in Convention as- 
 sembled, and it is hereby Ordained by the authority of the 
 same, 
 
 That all laws relating to the inter-State Slave Trade, 
 which were in force at the time of the passage of the 
 Ordinance of Secession, shall be deemed and held to be still 
 in force. 
 
 The Report and Ordinance were taken up and read. 
 SPECIAL ORDER. 
 
 The special order of the day, which was the Ordinance 
 to declare in force in this State sundry laws of the late 
 United States of America, in reference to the African 
 Slave Trade, was taken up. 
 
 Mr. Cobb moved to recommit the same to the Committee 
 
60 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 on the Constitution of the State and the Constitution and 
 Laws of the United States. 
 Which motion prevailed. 
 
 Mr. Cobb, from said Committee, then reported back the 
 Ordinance with the following amendments: 
 
 To the first section, by adding to the exception, the 
 following : 
 
 "And also so much of the Act of 10th May, 1820, as declares 
 the offenses therein specified to be Piracy, and in lieu of the 
 penalty of death therein specified, there shall be substitu- 
 ted imprisonment in the Penitentiary for a term of years 
 not less than five, nor exceeding twenty, in the discretion 
 of the Court." 
 
 And also by adding to the first section the following 
 words : 
 
 "Provided, further, The slaves so introduced from the 
 slaveholding States of North America shall not have been 
 imported from beyond sea into such State since the 20th 
 day of December, 1860." 
 
 The amendments were received, and the Ordinance, as 
 amended, having been twice read, was unanimously 
 adopted : 
 
 Mr. Cobb, from the Committee on the Constitution of 
 the State and the Constitution and Laws of the United 
 States, reported the following Ordinance, which was read, 
 and 500 copies of the same ordered to be printed: 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To resume jurisdiction over those places within the limits 
 of Georgia, over which jurisdiction has been heretofore 
 ceded to the late United States of America — and to pro- 
 vide for compensation to the said United States for the 
 improvements erected thereon. 
 
 The People of Georgia, in Convention assembled, do hereby 
 declare and Ordain, 
 
 That the cessions heretofore made by the General As- 
 sembly of this State, granting jurisdiction to the late 
 United States of America over specified portions of the 
 territory within the present limits of the State of Georgia 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 61 
 
 be, and the same are hereby revoked and withdrawn, and 
 that full jurisdiction and sovereignty over the same are 
 hereby resumed by the said State. 
 
 Be it further Ordained, That the buildings, machinery, 
 fortifications, or other improvements, erected on the land 
 so heretofore ceded to the said United States, or other prop- 
 erty found therein, shall be held by this State, subject to 
 be accounted for in any future adjustment of the claims 
 between this State and the said United States. 
 
 Mr. Johnson, of Clayton, offered the following resolu- 
 tion, which was read : 
 
 "Resolved, That twenty-five thousand copies of the or- 
 dinance of secession be printed for the use of the Conven- 
 tion, together with the delegates names and county which 
 they represent, in their order as appears on the parchment; 
 also, the names of those delegates and the counties they 
 represent who refused to sign the ordinance." 
 
 Mr. Johnson, of Clayton, moved to take up the resolu- 
 tion, which motion did not prevail. 
 
 Leave of absence was granted to Mr. Burnett of Clay, 
 on account sickness. 
 
 Mr. Styles offered the following resolution, which was 
 read, taken up and adopted: 
 
 " Resolved, That the State Treasurer be instructed to 
 make advances of mileage and per diem pay to delegates, of 
 the amount due." 
 
 On motion of Mr, Hill, of Harris, the Convention then 
 adjourned till ten o'clock to-morrow morning. 
 
 THURSDAY, JANUARY, 24, 1861. 
 
 The Convention met pursuant to adjournment, and was 
 opened with prayer by the Rev. Mr. Flinn. 
 
 A quorum being present, the journal was read. 
 
62 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Oil motion of Mr. Cochran of Wilkinson, his preamble and 
 resolutions, relative to the payment of Georgia's pro rata 
 part of the public debt of the late United States, and to de- 
 mand her proportionate part of the public property, was 
 taken up, read, and referred to the " Committee on Foreign 
 Relations." 
 
 Mr. Hill, of Troup, moved to add Mr. Cochran, to the 
 " Committee on Foreign Relations." 
 
 Which motion prevailed. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Cannon, of Wayne, leave of absence 
 was granted to Mr. Bozeman, of Pulaski, on account of in- 
 disposition ; and on motion of Mr. Cobb, leave of absence 
 was granted to Mr. Winn, of Gwinnett, on account of sick- 
 ness in his family. 
 
 Mr. Anderson, from the " Committee on Commercial and 
 Postal Arrangements," reported the following ordinance, 
 which was read, and on motion of Mr. Shropshire, of Floyd, 
 300 copies were ordered to be printed. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To make Provisional Postal Arrangements in Georgia. 
 
 Whereas, it is desirable that there should be no disturb- 
 ance in the present postal arrangements in this and other 
 States. 
 
 Therefore, he it ordained, and it is hereby ordained and declar- 
 ed by the people of Georgia , in Convention assembled, 
 
 That the existing postal contracts and arrangements shall 
 be continued, and the persons,charged with the duties there- 
 of, shall continue to discharge said duties until a postal trea- 
 ty shall be concluded 3 or until otherwise directed. 
 
 Be it further ordained by the authority aforesaid, That in 
 case the Government of the United States, or its officers or 
 agents, shall fail or refuse to execute said contracts, or carry 
 on said arrangements, it shall be the duty of the Governor 
 of this State, to make all contracts and appoint all officers, 
 which may be necessary to keep sufficient mail facilties to 
 meet the wants of the people of Georgia, until otherwise 
 ordered by the proper authorities. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION 
 
 63 
 
 The resolution accompanying the report of Mr. Benning 
 from the Committee on the Relations with the Slave-holding 
 States of North America, relative to the appointment of a 
 Commissioner to each of the States of Delaware, Maryland, 
 Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, Kentucky, Missouri, 
 and Arkansas, was taken up, read, and adopted. 
 
 The report of Mr. Benning, from the same committee, be- 
 in o- an ordinance in relation to the enter-State slave trade, 
 
 o ■ 
 
 was taken up and read ; and having been twice read was ad- 
 opted. 
 
 Mr. Alexander, of Upson, offered the following resolution, 
 which taken up, read, and agreed to : 
 
 Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed by the 
 President of this Convention, to examine the Great Seal of 
 the State of Georgia, and report whether any, and what, 
 changes in the same have been rendered necessary by the 
 withdrawal of this State from the late Federal Union. 
 
 The following is the committee announced by the Presi- 
 dent, under the foregoing resolution : 
 
 Messrs. Alexander, of Upson, 
 Logan, 
 Glover, 
 
 Glenn, of Oglethorpe, 
 Phinizy, of Richmond. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Burch, leave of absence was granted to 
 Mr. Phinizy, of Richmond, from Friday till Monday next. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Bartow, the door of the gallery was 
 closed, and the Convention went into secret session. 
 
 After which the door was opened, and in accordance with 
 the resolution of Mr. Toombs, adopted on yesterday, the 
 hour of 12 o'clock M. having arrived, the Convention pro- 
 ceeded to elect ten delegates to represent the State of Geor- 
 gia, in the proposed Congress to be held at Montgomery, in 
 the State of Alabama, on the 4th of February next, to-wit : 
 two from the State at large, and one from each Congressional 
 District in the State. 
 
64 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 The result of which, was that Robert Toombs, of the 
 county of Wilkes, and Howell Cobb, of the county of Clarke, 
 were duly elected for the State at large, and the following 
 named persons for the several districts affixed to their names 
 to-wit : 
 
 Francis S. Bartow, for the 1st Congressional District. 
 
 Martin J. Crawford, " 2d. " t; 
 
 Eugenius A. Nisbet, " 3d. " " 
 
 Benjamin H.^Hill, " 4th. 
 
 Augustus R. Wright, " 5th. " " 
 
 Thomas R. R. Cobb, " 6th. 
 
 Augustus EL Kenan, " 7th. " " 
 
 Alexander H. Stephens. " 8th. " " 
 
 Leave of absence was granted to Mr. Dennis for a few 
 days ; also to Messrs. McDonald, of Ware, Gray, Jordan,, 
 Briggs, and Mitchell. 
 
 Mr. Singleton laid upon the table the following ordinance, 
 which was referred to the Committeee on Military Affairs : 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To organize a mounted military police in each of the sev- 
 eral counties of this State, and for other purposes. 
 
 Whereas, war may be one of the consequences of seces- 
 sion, and whereas, the recent outrage upon the State of Vir- 
 ginia, admonishes us that in the event of such war, attempts 
 will be made to incite our slaves to insurrection, and where- 
 as, the vicious and unprincipled, during the absence of many 
 of the true men from their respective counties in the defence 
 of the State, may be disposed to seize upon such opportuni- 
 ty, to commit wrongs and outrages upon the then defence- 
 less wives and children of the absent, as well as upon other 
 good people of the State for remedy^thereof: 
 
 Section 1st. Be it ordained by this Convention of the people 
 of the State of Georgia assembled, and it is hereby ordained by the 
 authority of the same, 
 
 That it shall be the duty of his Excellency the Governor, 
 to accept the services of one Company, consisting of not 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 more than fifty nor less than fifteen mounted men, from each 
 of the several counties of this State, to act as a mounted 
 military police for their several counties, as hereinafter de- 
 clared. 
 
 Sec. 2d. And be it further ordained, That each of said 
 companies shall be like officered as other Cavalry companies, 
 and commissions shall be issued to their officers by the 
 Governor, commissioning them as officers of the Mounted 
 Military Police, of then respective counties. 
 
 Sec. 3d. And be it further ordained. That said mounted 
 military police, shall constitute a distinct and independent 
 arm of the military of the State, not subject to the orders 
 of any officer of any army having authority in this State, nor 
 of any officer of militia thereof. 
 
 Sec. 4th. And be it further ordained, That his Excellency 
 the Governor, shall furnish to this mounted military police 
 from time to time, such arms as he may deem appropriate 
 to their peculiar service, and as can be spared for that pur- 
 pose. 
 
 Sec. 5th. And be it further ordained, That the head-quar- 
 ters of each of said companies, shall be at the county sites 
 of their respective counties whenever they shall be regularly 
 mustered into service. 
 
 Sec. 6th. And be it further ordained, That a majority of 
 the Justices of the Inferior Court of each county, shall have 
 power to call into actual service, the said police of their 
 respective counties, and to discharge them whenever the 
 said Justices may deem proper, subject however to be again 
 called into service by said Justices ; and said Justices are 
 hereby further empowered to pass orders from time to time 
 requiring the commanding officer of their said company, to 
 either increase ordimishthe rank and file of his company to 
 any number within the limits heretofore prescribed. 
 
 Sec. 7th. And be it further ordained, That when any com- 
 pany of the mounted military police, shall be mustered into 
 service, it shall be the duty of the officer in command of the 
 same, to at all times retain at least one-fourth of his com- 
 mand at his head-quarters, unless from good and sufficient 
 
JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 reasons, to be judged of by him, he shall order them tem- 
 porarily to occupy some other position, or to the perform- 
 ance of some other duty. He shall also cause the entire 
 county to be patroled by detachments of his command, un- 
 der charge of proper officers. 
 
 Sec. Sth. And be it further ordained, That the pay, rations 
 and allowances of the mounted military police while on ac- 
 tive duty, and only while on such duty shall be the same as 
 the Cavalry of the army. But, be it remembered always, 
 that each officer and private of said companies, shall furnish 
 their own horse and be allowed the rate of dollars per 
 month, for the hire of the same. 
 
 Sec. 9th. And be it further ordained, That all persons en- 
 listing as privates in any of said companies, be bound to 
 serve for one year from time of enlistment, unless sooner 
 discharged by the officer in command, and be bound by all 
 the rules of w r ar, unless herein otherwise provided, while 
 in actual service ; and at all times during their enlistment be 
 exempt from all road and jury duty. 
 
 The Convention then adjourned till eleven o'clock to- 
 morrow morning. 
 
 FRIDAY, JANUARY 25, 1861. 
 
 The Convention met pursuant to adjournment, and was 
 opened with prayer by the Rev. Mr. Adams. 
 
 A quorum being present, the journal of yesterday was 
 read. 
 
 Whereupon the President laid upon the table a commu- 
 nication from the State of Mississippi, with accompanying 
 documents accrediting the Hon. T. W. White, of that State, 
 as a Commissioner to Georgia, for purposes therein speci- 
 fied— 
 
 Which was taken up and read. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Stephens, of Taliaferro, th'e following 
 resolution was adopted : 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 67 
 
 Resolved, That all the papers accompanying the commis- 
 sioner from the State of Mississippi, as well as those with 
 the commissioners from the States of South Carolina and 
 Alabama, be printed as an appendix, to the journal of the 
 proceedings of this Convention. 
 
 Mr. Alexander, of Upson, laid upon the table the follow- 
 ing resolutions : 
 
 Whereas, The Hon. Thomas W. White, the Commissioner 
 from the State of Mississippi, has arrived in this city ; be it 
 therefore 
 
 1st. Resolved, That the Hon. Thomas W. White be, and 
 and he is hereby invited to a seat on the floor of this Con- 
 vention. 
 
 2d, Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed by 
 the President to wait on Mr. White and ascertain at what 
 hour and in what form it will be agreeable to him to com- 
 municate with this Convention. 
 
 The resolutions were taken up, read and adopted. 
 
 Whereupon the President announced the following as the 
 committee under the foregoing resolutions, to wit: 
 Messrs. Alexander of Upson, 
 Reynolds, and 
 Simmons of Pickens. 
 The President laid on the table a communication from the 
 Legislature of the State of Tennessee, which was read and, 
 on motion of Mr. Glenn of Fulton, laid on the a table for 
 the present. 
 
 Mr. Whitehead offered the following resolution, which 
 was read : 
 
 " Resolved, That when this Convention adjourns on Tues- 
 day next, the 29th instant, it adjourns to meet in Savannah 
 at the call of the President." 
 
 Mr. Benning, from the committee on the " Relations of 
 the Slaveholding States of North America," made the fol- 
 lowing report : 
 
 " That he is instructed by that committee to report the 
 following resolution, and to recommend its adoption by the 
 Convention : 
 
JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Resolved, That in the opinion of this Convention no State 
 ought to be admitted into the new confederacy to be formed 
 at Montgomery, unless such State shall tolerate the exist- 
 ence of slavery as one of its own domestic institutions, and 
 shall permit an inter-state traffic in slaves with its citizens, 
 and that should any State at any time abolish the institu- 
 tion within its limits, such State shall ipso facto cease to be 
 a member of the said Confederacy." 
 
 The report was taken up and read. 
 
 Mr. Anderson, from the committee on "Commercial and 
 Postal Arrangements," reported the following preamble and 
 resolutions : 
 
 Whereas, The policy of direct trade between the States 
 of the South and foreign nations assumes more than ordi- 
 nary importance in view of the relations which the seced- 
 ing States must bear to the world, 
 
 Therefore be it resolved, That this Convention is forcibly 
 impressed with the necessity to the future welfare and honor 
 of the South, of direct trade with European nations from 
 some port or ports upon the Atlantic coast at the South? 
 under the dominion of the Southern Confederacy. 
 
 Resolved, That our members to the Southern Congress to 
 be held at Montgomery, are hereby earnestly requested to 
 "bring this subject forward at an early day before that assem- 
 bly, and to urge the adoption of efficient measures to accom- 
 plish this great measure of Southern independence. 
 
 The resolutions were taken up, read, and 300 copies 
 ordered to be printed. 
 
 Mr. Nisbet offered the following resolution, which was 
 taken up and read, to wit : 
 
 " R,esolved, That in pursuance of a resolution of this body 
 authorizing the appointment of Commissioners to the slave- 
 holding States, the committee on Foreign Relations be, and 
 they are hereby instructed to nominate to the Convention 
 suitable persons to act as Commissioners aforesaid, at 12 
 o'clock to-morrow, and that, at that hour, the Convention 
 proceed to elect the same." 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 Mr. Hood, of Randolph, offered the following as a substi- 
 tute for the same : 
 
 " Resolved, That the committee on the Relations with the 
 Slaveholding States be instructed to suggest to the Conven- 
 tion the names of fit and proper persons to represent the 
 State of Georgia as Commissioners under the resolution 
 heretofore adopted to the States of Delaware, Maryland, 
 Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky, ^Missouri, 
 and Arkansas." 
 
 Mr. Kenan moved to strike out & Delaware" 
 
 When, on motion, the resolution and substitute was laid 
 on the table for the present. 
 
 Mr. Cobb, from the committee on the Constitution and 
 laws of the State, and the Constitution and laws of the 
 United States, made the following reports : 
 
 First. 
 
 AX OEDIXAXCE 
 
 To abolish the Circuit and District Courts of the United 
 States for the District of Georgia, and to establish other 
 Courts in lieu thereof, and to continue in force certain 
 judgments and executions. 
 
 The people of Georgia in Convention assembled hereby declare 
 and ordain, 
 
 That the Circuit and District Courts of the late United 
 States for the State of Georgia, be, and the same are here- 
 by abolished as Courts of the said United States. And the 
 same are hereby re-established as Courts of the independ- 
 ent State of Georgia, with the same jurisdiction and powers 
 as they had under the laws of the United States, except so 
 far as the same are modified by the ordinances of this Con- 
 vention. 
 
 2. That the commissions of all the judges and officers of 
 said courts are hereby terminated. And the Governor of 
 this State is hereby authorized to appoint and commission 
 judges and officers of said courts, to hold their commissions 
 until the further action of this Convention. 
 
 3. The causes now pending in said courts, civil and 
 
70 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 criminal, are continued without prejudice in the courts 
 hereby established, and the judgments and decrees hereto- 
 fore rendered therein, and the executious issued thereon 
 shall lose no right, lien, or validity by the operation of this 
 ordinance, or the ordinance of secession, but shall continue 
 in force as if the said courts remained in existence. 
 
 Second. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To adopt and continue in force the laws of the late United 
 States, in the State of Georgia, except as therein speci- 
 fied. 
 
 The people of Georgia in Convention assembled do declare and 
 ordain as follows : 
 
 Section 1. That such and so much of the laws of the 
 late United States, as are not inconsistent with the ordi- 
 nance of secession, and the other ordinances of this Con- 
 vention, and as are applicable and adapted to our present 
 condition and necessities, be and tTie same are hereby 
 adopted and continued in force in this State — saving and 
 excepting, however, the laws on the subjects following, to 
 wit : The Army ; Bounty Lands ; Cadets ; Census ; Coast- 
 ing Trade ; Treason ; Fisheries ; Lands ; the Navy ; Pen- 
 sions ; Printing; Public Money; Timber; Treasury De- 
 partment ; and the War Department. 
 
 Sec. 2. That in all cases in which remedies are provided in 
 civil cases, or punishments are prescribed in criminal cases, 
 both by the laws of the said United States and by the ex- 
 isting laws of this State, then and in all such cases the laws 
 of this State shall take precedence to, and be administered 
 before the said laws of the United States. 
 
 Third. ' 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To define and declare what shall be Treason and Misprision 
 of Treason in the State of Georgia and also certain fel- 
 onies. 
 
 Thej)eoj)le of Georgia inConvention assembled do hereby declare 
 and ordain, 
 
 That if any person or persons owing allegiance to the 
 State of Georgia shall levy war against said State, or shall 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 71 
 
 adhere to her enemies, giving them aid and comfort within 
 the said State or elsewhere, or shall in the name of the late 
 United States of America, or any other foreign power, 
 seize or attempt to seize and hold possession against the 
 declared will of said State, of any fort, arsenal, mint or 
 other building within the territorial limits of said State, 
 and shall be thereof convicted on confession in open court, 
 or on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act 
 of the treason whereof he or they shall stand indicted, such 
 person or persons shall be adjudged guilty of treason against 
 the State of Georgia, and shall suffer death. 
 
 A person having knowledge of the commission of any 
 of the treasonable acts aforesaid, and conceals or fails to 
 discover the same as may be to the Governor of said State, 
 or some one of the Judges thereof, shall be guilty of Mis- 
 prision of Treason, and on conviction shall be punished by 
 imprisonment and labor in the Penitentiary not less than 
 five nor longer than years. 
 
 Any citizen of the State of Georgia, wherever resident, 
 who shall, without the permission of said State, directly or 
 indirectly commence or carry on any verbal or written cor- 
 respondence or intercourse with any foreign government, or 
 any officer or agent thereof, w T ith an intent to influence 
 the measures or conduct of such government, adversely to 
 the existence or interest of said State in relation to any dis- 
 putes or controversies with said State, or to defeat the 
 measures of the government of said State ; or if any such 
 person not duly authorized shall counsel, advise, aid, or 
 assist in any such correspondence, such citizen of Georgia 
 shall be guilty of a felony, and on conviction shall be pun- 
 ished by imprisonment in the Penitentiary not less than one 
 nor more than three years, and by a fine not exceeding five 
 thousand dollars. 
 
 Fourth. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 In relation to oaths heretofore required of public officers 
 and Attorneys at Law. 
 
 The jieople of Georgia in Convention assembled declare and 
 ordain, 
 
 That the oath heretofore required to be administered to 
 
JOURNAL OP THE 
 
 public officers and Attorneys and Solicitors at Law, to sup- 
 port the Constitution of the United States shall be hereafter 
 discontinued. 
 
 Fifth. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 Concerning Citizenship. 
 
 We, the People of the State of Georgia, in Convention assem- 
 bled, do declare and ordain, and it is hereby declared and or- 
 dained. 
 
 1st. Every person, who at the date of the Ordinance of 
 Secession was residing in this State, and was then by birth, 
 residence or naturalization, a citizen of this State, shall con- 
 tinue a citizen of this State, unless a foreign residence shall 
 be established by such person, with the intention of expatri- 
 ation. 
 
 2d. So also shall continue every free white person, who 
 after the date aforesaid, may be born within the territory of 
 this State, or may be born outside of that territory, of a 
 father who then was a citizen of this State. 
 
 3d. So also every person, a citizen of any one of the 
 States now confederate, under the name of the United States 
 of America, who within twelve months after the date of the 
 Ordinance of Secession, shall come to reside in this State, 
 with the intention of remaining, upon such persons taking 
 the oath of allegiance to this State, below provided. 
 
 4th. So also every free white person, who shall be en- 
 gaged in the actual service, military or naval, of the State, 
 and shall take an oath of his intention to continue in such 
 service for at least three months, unless sooner discharged 
 honorably, and also the oath of allegiance below prescribed. 
 In this case, the oaths shall be administered by some com- 
 missioned officer of the service in which the applicant for 
 citizenship may be engaged, superior in rank to the appli- 
 cant, and thereupon certificate of the citizenship of the ap- 
 plicant, shall be signed by the officer and delivered to the 
 applicant. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 5th. So also, every person not a citizen of any of the 
 States above mentioned, at the date aforesaid, who may 
 come to reside in this State, with the intention of [remain- 
 ing, and may be naturalized according to the naturalization 
 laws of this State ; until they may be altered or repealed, 
 the naturalization laws of the United States accommodated 
 to the special condition of the State, are hereby made the 
 laws of this State, except that instead of the oaths required 
 by those laws in the final act, the oath of allegiance to this 
 State, and of abjuration below provided, shall be taken. 
 
 6th. In all cases , the citizenship of a man shall extend to 
 his wife, present or future, whenever she shall have a resi- 
 dence in this State, and shall extend also, to each of his 
 children, that under the age of eighteen years, may have a 
 residence in the State ; provided, That in no case, shall citi- 
 zenship extend to any person, who is not a free white per- 
 son. 
 
 7th. That the oath of allegiance to this State, shall be in 
 the words, to-wit : 
 
 " I do swear (or affirm) that I will be faithful and true 
 allegiance bear to the State of Georgia, so long as I may con- 
 tinue a citizen thereof." 
 
 8th. The oath of abjuration shall be in the following 
 form, to-wit : 
 
 44 1 do swear (or affirm) that I do renounce and forever 
 abjure, all allegiance and fidelity to every prince, poten- 
 tate, or sovereignty whatever, except the State of Geor- 
 gia." 
 
 On motion of Mr. Cobb, the fourth of the series of the 
 foregoing ordinances was taken up, read twice, and passed, 
 to-wit : 
 
 The " Ordinance in relation to oaths heretofore required 
 of public officers and Attorneys at Law." 
 
 On motion of Mr. Wofford, 300 copies of the first, second, 
 third, and fifth, of the foregoing ordinances, were ordered to 
 be printed. 
 
JOUENAL OF THE 
 
 Mr. Poe offered the following resolution, which was taken 
 up, read, and agreed to : 
 
 " Resolved, That his Excellency, the Governor, be re- 
 quested to afford such facilities to the Secretary of this Con- 
 vention, as will enable him to have t alien, a photograph of 
 the Ordinance of Secession, provided no expense accrue to 
 the State therefor, and provided, also, that no risk be incur- 
 red, of the loss of, or damage be done to said ordinance, in 
 taking said photograph." 
 
 Mr. Hull laid upon the table the following resolution, 
 which was taken up, read, and adopted : 
 
 " Resolved, That our late Senators and Representatives in 
 the Congress of the United States, be invited to seats upon 
 the floor of this Convention." 
 
 Mr. Ramsey was excused from serving on the committee 
 to take into consideration, and report upon the expediency 
 of reducing the representation of the General Assembly of 
 Georgia, and Mr. Robinson appointed in his place. 
 
 The Convention then went into secret session, and hav- 
 ing spent some time therein, the doors were opened, when 
 
 Mr. Beall, of Troup, from the Committee on the Ordi- 
 nance of Secession, offered the following resolution, which 
 was taken up, read, and adopted : 
 
 " The committee to whom was entrusted the duty of pre- 
 paring parchment, and engrossing the Ordinance of Seces- 
 sion, for the signature of the members of the Convention, 
 called to tlieir aid the services of Maj. H. J. G. Williams, 
 who cheerfully and with some labor, engrossed the same to 
 the full satisfaction of the committee, and refused all pecu- 
 niary compensation. 
 
 Be it therefore resolved, That Maj. H. J. G. Williams be 
 allowed to sign his name under the attestation of the Clerk, 
 in the manner following, namely : 
 
 Engrossed by H. J. G. Williams. 
 
GEORGIA C ONVENTION . 
 
 75 
 
 Mr. Johnson, of Clayton, offered the following resolution, 
 which was taken up, read, and adopted : 
 
 " Resolved. That the Treasurer be authorized to pay the 
 members of the Convention their mileage, and per diem pay 
 upon their accounts being approved and signed by one of 
 the auditing committee. 
 
 And be it further resolved. That the President of the Con- 
 vention, when it adjourns, be required to draw his warrant 
 upon the Treasurer for the pay of its members and officers, 
 in the same manner as has heretofore been done by the 
 President of the Senate, and Speaker of the House of Rep- 
 resentatives, of the Georgia Legislature." 
 
 On motion of Mr. Stephens, of Taliaferro, the following 
 resolution was taken up, read, and adopted : 
 
 '* Resolved, That the Governor be requested to have pub- 
 lished in such newspapers as he may think proper, all the 
 ordinances of this Convention as they pass, that immediate 
 and general notice may be given of the same, unless other- 
 wise directed by this Convention." 
 
 The President laid on the table a communication from 
 T. S. Hopkins. M. D. of Wayne county, with accompanying 
 papers, contesting the seat of Mr. Cannon, of that county, 
 in the Convention. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Fort, a committee on elections was an- 
 nounced by the Chair, and the communication with the ac- 
 companying papers were referred to the same. 
 
 Tiie following is the Committee on Elections : 
 
 Messrs. Styles, 
 Roddey, 
 Butts, 
 
 Brown, of Houston, and 
 Gaul den. 
 
 Mr. Alexander, of Upson, from the committee appointed 
 to wait upon the Hon. Thomas W. White, the Commissioner 
 
76 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 from the State of Mississippi, made the following report, to- 
 wit : 
 
 " That the committee have waited upon Mr. White, and 
 informed him of the action of this Convention, inviting him 
 to a seat upon the floor of the Convention, and expressing 
 the readiness and desire of the Convention to receive him at 
 such time as will be most agreeable to himself; and that 
 he informed the committee that it would be agreeable to 
 him to appear before and address the Convention at noon 
 on Monday next." 
 
 Mr. Williamson offered the following resolution, which 
 was read and referred to the Committee on Foreign Rela- 
 tions : 
 
 "Resolved, That the Committee on Foreign Relations be 
 requested to report an ordinance, if in their judgment it be 
 necessary, to secure to citizens of Georgia, who have obtain- 
 ed from the United States of America, a patent right for in- 
 ventions, and citizens of Georgia, who have made applica- 
 tion and placed in office a model for a patent, their rights in 
 the same." 
 
 Mr. Cobb moved to take up the ordinance in reference to 
 land heretofore ceded to the late United States of America. 
 
 The motion was agreed to, and the ordinance w T as taken 
 up, read twice, and passed. 
 
 The report of Mr. Anderson, from the committee on 
 Commercial and Postal Arragements, being an ordinance 
 to make provisional Postal Arrangements in Georgia, was 
 then taken up. 
 
 On motion, the same was recommitted, and reported back 
 with the following amendments, to-wit : by striking out in 
 the first section, the word " continued" and inserting the 
 words " allowed to continue ;" and by inserting in the second 
 section, " and do all other things" after the word u officers.'''' 
 
 The ordinance as amended, was read twice and passed. 
 
 Mr. Fort, from the Committee on Enrolment, made the 
 following report : 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 " That they have had enrolled, and it is now ready for the 
 signature of the President : 
 
 An Ordinance To provide for the execution of criminal 
 process issuing from the Courts of the late United States of 
 America." 
 
 Leave of absence was then granted to Messrs. Stephens of 
 Monroe, Roddey, Logue, Davis of Putnam, Hansel], Hum- 
 phries, Bryan, Cleveland, Furlow, Robertson, Perkins, Pon- 
 der, and Banks of Stewart. 
 
 The Convention then adjourned till ten o'clock to mor- 
 row morning. 
 
 SATURDAY, JANUARY 26, 1861. 
 
 The Convention met pursuant to adjournment, and was 
 opened with prayer by the Rev. Mr. Means. 
 
 A quorum being present the journal was read. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Bartow, the doors were closed, and the 
 journal of yesterday, when in secret session was read. 
 
 After which the doors were opened, when 
 
 Mr. Nisbet offered the following resolution, his resolution 
 and Mr. Hood's substitute, of yesterday, having been with- 
 drawn: 
 
 Resolved, That the Committee on Foreign Relations be, 
 and they are hereby instructed to nominate Commissioners 
 to certain slaveholding States of the late American Union, 
 in accordance with an Ordinance of this Convention, author- 
 izing the appointment of such Commissioners; and that 
 the Convention will, on Monday next, at eleven o'clock, 
 proceed to the election of the same. 
 
 The resolution was taken up, read and adopted. 
 
 Mr. Cobb, from the Committee on the Constitution of 
 the State, and the Constitution and Laws of the United 
 States, to whom was referred a resolution inquiring into 
 the propriety of appointing a Council of safety to advise 
 
78 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 with, and assist the Governor of this State in the discharge 
 of his Executive duties, made the following 
 
 REPORT : 
 
 "That they have had the same under consideration, and 
 are satisfied that for the present, at least, such a Council 
 is unnecessary and impolitic." 
 
 The Report was received and adopted. 
 
 Mr. Styles, from the Committee on Elections, made the 
 following 
 
 REPORT : 
 
 " The Committee on Elections have had under considera- 
 tion the subject of the protest from Wayne county, in rela- 
 tion to the seat now filled by the Hon. H. A. Cannon, and 
 have instructed their Chairman to report that they find the 
 election returns from Wayne county, in proper form, and 
 duly certified by the superintendents of the election, and 
 that the returns show that Hon. Henry R. Fort, and the 
 Hon. Henry A. Cannon, received a majority of the votes 
 admitted in the general count, and were declared duly 
 elected by the Superintendants to seats in the Convention. 
 They further find, however, that the ballots from one of 
 the precincts were rejected by the Superintendants in th e 
 general count because of there being no oath or affidavit at- 
 tached to, and returned with the polls by the managers at that 
 precinct, and though it is represented by ex parte certifi- 
 cates that the polls of this rejected precinct would, if they 
 had been counted, have shown a tie between the sitting 
 delegates and Dr. F. S. Hopkins, the contestant, the evi- 
 dence produced before the Committee fails to rebut the pre- 
 sumption that the Superintendants acted in strict accord- 
 ance with the law governing elections in rejecting the re- 
 turns from the disputed precinct. But whether the Com- 
 mittee be correct or not in this conclusion, the contestant 
 has failed to pursue the prescribed rule laid down by the 
 act of 1831, regulating the manner for contesting elections, 
 and has therefore failed to bring his case before the Com- 
 mittee in such a manner as to justify them in considering 
 the testimony adduced. In justice to the sitting member, 
 your Committee have thought proper to state these facts, 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 79 
 
 and to state further, that upon investigation they ascertain 
 the fact that he declined to serve the county under the 
 circumstances, and only consented to claim his seat after 
 being earnestly requested so to do by a large majority of 
 all those who voted on the day of election. 
 
 Your Committee therefore recommend that the protest 
 be laid upon the table, and that the Hon. Henry A. Can- 
 non do retain his seat." 
 
 The report was taken up, read and unanimously agreed 
 to. 
 
 Mr. Shropshire of Floyd, from the Committee to inquire 
 into the power of this Convention to reduce the number of 
 Senators and Representatives in the General Assembly of 
 Georgia, and if, in the judgment of said Committee the 
 power exists to report an Ordinance for that purpose, made 
 the following 
 
 REPORT: 
 
 " Your Committee have had the subject under considera- 
 tion, and while they do not doubt the power of this Con- 
 vention to make such reduction, yet there is great diversi- 
 sity of opinion as to the propriety of doing so, without 
 submitting the action of the Convention to the people for 
 ratification or rejection. They have, however, agreed upon 
 an Ordinance which they have instructed me to submit to 
 this Convention, and recommend its adoption ; each indi- 
 vidual member of the Committee reserving to himself the 
 privilege of voting for, or against any proposition which 
 may be made, w T ith a view to obtaining the popular will on 
 this subject." 
 
 The report was taken up, aud the Ordinance read, to- 
 wit : 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To alter and amend the 3d, 4th, 7th and 8th Sections of 
 the 1st Article of the Constitution of the State of Geor- 
 gia, and for other purposes. 
 
 Be it ordained by the jieople of Georgia in Convention assem- 
 bled, and it is hereby ordained and declared by the authority of 
 the same, 
 
 1. That from and after the adoption of this Ordinance, 
 
JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 the third section of the first Article of the Constitution of 
 this State shall be so altered and amended as to read as fol- 
 lows, to-wit : 
 
 Each Congressional District in this State shall be known 
 as a Senatorial District, by the same number which desig- 
 nates it as a Congressional District. The Senate of Geor- 
 gia shall be composed of forty Senators and no more, five 
 to be chosen from each District as they are now or may 
 hereafter be organized, by the legally qualified voters there- 
 of, on the first Wednesday in October, until the day of 
 election is altered by law. 
 
 2. Be it further ordained by the authority aforesaid, That 
 the fourth section of the first Article of the Constitution of 
 Georgia shall be so altered and amended as to read as fol- 
 lows, to-wit : 
 
 No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained 
 the age of twenty-five years, and been five years a citizen 
 of this State, and shall have usually resided within the 
 District from which he shall be returned at least one year 
 immediately preceding his election, except persons who 
 may have been absent on lawful business of this State, or 
 of any government of which Georgia may hereafter become 
 a part. 
 
 3. Be it further ordained, That the seventh section of 
 the first Article of the Constitution of this State, shall be 
 so altered and amended as to read as follows, to-wit : 
 
 The House of Representatives shall be composed of one 
 hundred and thirty-three members, and no more, one to be 
 chosen biennially from each of the counties as now organ- 
 ized by the legally qualified voters thereof, on the first 
 Wednesday in October, until the day of election is altered 
 by law. 
 
 4. Be it further ordained, That the eighth section of the 
 first Article of the Constitution of this State, be so altered 
 and amended as to read as follows, to-wit : 
 
 No person shall be a Representative, who shall not have 
 attained to the age of twenty-one years, and have been a 
 citizen of the State of Georgia five years, and have actual- 
 ly resided in the county in which he shall be chosen one 
 year immediately preceding his election, unless he shall 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 81 
 
 have been absent on the public business of this State, or of 
 any government of which Georgia may hereafter become a 
 part. 
 
 5. Be it further ordained, That the foregoing alterations 
 and amendments shall not be so construed as to vacate the 
 commission of any member of the present General Assem- 
 bly of Georgia." 
 
 Mr. Mallary, from the same Committee, offered the fol- 
 lowing minority report, aad moved its adoption by the 
 Convention : 
 
 " The undersigned, from the Committee to reduce the 
 number of members of the General Assembly, beg leave 
 to dissent from the report of the majority of the Commit- 
 tee, to present our reasons therefor, and to present our plan 
 for said reduction in lieu thereof. In the first place, we. 
 do not believe this Convention is clothed with the power to 
 make said reduction ; but Being mindful of the necessity 
 of such reduction, we think that if the plan adopted bv 
 this Convention is submitted to the people, and by them 
 ratified, it will cure any want of power. In the second 
 place, no plan should be adopted by this Convention which 
 would not likely meet the approbation of the people, and 
 we do not believe the people of this State would be con- 
 tent with any plan which did not secure to each county at 
 least one representative, and a representation in the Senate, 
 exceeding in number that of a mere executive or municipal 
 council. 
 
 Therefore, we recommend, instead of the Ordinance 
 reported by the majority, that this Convention instruct the 
 Committee to prepare and report an amendment to the 
 Constitution, to the effect that the first twenty counties 
 having the highest representative population, according to 
 the Federal basis, be entitled to two representatives, and 
 all the counties to one each ; and that the Senate consist of 
 eight members from each Congressional District, as now, or 
 hereafter to be organized, the qualifications of Senators 
 and Representatives to be the same as the Constitution 
 now prescribes, except that a Senator shall reside one 
 year, in some one countv of the District from which he is 
 6 
 
82 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 elected— the whole not to take effect until ratified by the 
 people. And we would also suggest, that as the Congress 
 to assemble at Montgomery may have the power to abolish 
 the district system, or to change the apportionment, this 
 whole subject had better be postponed until the re-assemb- 
 ling of this Convention. 
 
 (Signed) CHARLES E. MALLARY." 
 
 Mr. Beall of Troup, offered the following as an amend- 
 ment to the third section of the Ordinance reported by the 
 majority, which was taken up and read : 
 
 "The House of Representatives shall consist of eighty- 
 seven members, and no more, to be chosen biennially on the 
 first Monday in October next, from the Congressional Dis- 
 tricts as now organized by the State, by the legally quali- 
 fied voters of said several Districts, namely, from the first 
 Congressional District, fifteen members ; from the second 
 fourteen members; from the third eight members; from 
 
 the fourth, eleven members ; from the fifth, twelve mem- 
 
 • 
 
 bers; from the sixth, eleven members; from the seventh, 
 eight members; and from the eighth, eight members." 
 
 On motion of Mr. Cobb, the foregoing reports and amend- 
 ment were laid on the table until after the proposed recess 
 of this Convention, and, on motion of Mr. Johnson of 
 Clayton, 500 copies of the same were ordered to be printed. 
 
 Mr. Hamilton laid on the table the following resolution, 
 which was taken up, read, and agreed to : 
 
 Resolved, That the Committee on Foreign Relations be 
 instructed to enquire and report whether any change should 
 be made in the device on the coins hereafter to be made at 
 the mint at Dahlonega, in the county of Lumpkin. Also, 
 whether any change should be made in the management of 
 said mint ; and in the event they should be of opinion any 
 change should be made, that they report to this Conven- 
 tion such changes as they may deem necessary." 
 
 Mr. Johnson's (of Clayton) resolution directing that 
 25,000 copies of the Ordinance of Secession, be printed, was 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 S3 
 
 then taken up. when he offered the following as a substi- 
 tute therefor : 
 
 Resolved, That twenty-five thousand copies be printed 
 for the use of the Convention, of the resolutions offered by 
 the Hon. E. A. Nisbet, delegate from the county of Bibb, 
 declaring it to be the right and duty of Georgia to secede 
 from the Union, and appointing a committee of seventeen 
 to draw T up the Ordinance for secession, &c., and the vote 
 that was taken on said resolutions by yeas and nays. Also, 
 the resolution offered by the Hon. H. V. Johnson, a delegate 
 from the county of Jefferson, as a substitute to said resolu- 
 tions, with the vote that was taken on the same by the 
 yeas and nays. Also, the report of the Committee of seven- 
 teen, which reported the Ordinance for secession with the 
 vote that was taken on the Ordinance, by the yeas and 
 nays. Also, the names of each delegate and the county 
 the) 7 represented, who signed said Ordinance in the order 
 in which they stand, on parchment, and the names of each 
 delegate and the county they represented, who refused to 
 sign the same. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Strickland, the substitute and original 
 resolution was laid on the table for the balance of the ses- 
 sion. 
 
 Mr. Anderson, from the committee on Commercial and 
 Postal Arrangements, reported the following ordinance, 
 which was taken up, read, and made the special order of 
 the day for Monday next ; 300 copies of the same were 
 ordered to be printed : 
 
 AX ORDINANCE 
 
 To make provisional arrangements for the continuance of 
 commercial facilities in Georgia. 
 
 Whereas, It is due to the citizens of Georgia engaged in 
 commerce and agriculture, and the citizens of foreign States 
 engaged in lawful commerce with this State, that no sudden 
 or abrupt change should be made. 
 
 Beit ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assem- 
 bled, and it is hereby ordedned by the authority of the same, 
 That collectors of customs and other officers connected 
 
84 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 with the same in the various ports of this State, be allowed 
 to continue to perform their functions under existing laws, 
 until otherwise ordered, or until the Congress about to as- 
 semble at Montgomery shall legislate on the same. 
 
 Be it further ordained by the power aforesaid, That should 
 circumstances arise during the recess of this Convention to 
 make it necessary in the opinion of the Governor to .place 
 the custom house under the control of the Government of 
 this State, then the Governor shall be empowered to take 
 possession of the same, appoint all officers and establish the 
 revenue, collection and navigation laws of the United States,, 
 so far as they may be applicable until otherwise provided for. 
 
 The first ordinance reported on yesterday by Mr. Cobb, 
 from the "Committee on the Constitution of the State and 
 the Constitution and Laws of the United States," to wit : 
 
 " An ordinance to abolish the Circuit and District Courts 
 of the United States for the District of Georgia, and to 
 establish other courts in lieu thereof, and to continue in force 
 certain judgments and executions" — was taken up and read^ 
 
 On motion of Mr. Clarke, the same was recommitted for 
 amendment. 
 
 Mr. Clarke then moved to amend the third section of the 
 ordinance, by adding thereto the following words : " But 
 the stay law of the General Assembly of 1860 shall apply to the 
 judgments and proceedings of said Court." 
 
 The amendment was received. 
 
 Mr. Clarke also offered the following as an amendment to 
 the first section — to add the words : 
 
 " But in case any coercive measures are adopted by the 
 present Federal Government, said Court, and all other 
 Courts shall lose the jurisdiction of a cause in behalf of any 
 citizen of a non-seceding States, to take effect by order of 
 the Governor, and to continue until the action of the Gen- 
 eral Assembly." 
 
 The amendment was lost. 
 
 Mr. Hood offered the following amendment : 
 
 To strike out in the first section all after the words 
 
GEOEGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 85 
 
 41 United Stales" where they occur the second time ; to strike 
 out the second section, and to strike out the following: words 
 in the third section, to wit : after the word "criminal," the 
 words " are continued without prejudice in the Courts hereby es- 
 tablished." 
 
 Mr. Hill, of Troup, called for the "previous question," 
 which being seconded, the ordinance, as amended, was put 
 upon its passage, when Mr. Hood demanded that the yeas 
 and nays be recorded. 
 
 There are yeas 204 ; na} r s 54, to wit : 
 
 Those who voted in the affirmative are Messrs. : 
 
 Adams of Camden, 
 
 Alexander of Fulton, 
 
 Alexander of Upson, 
 
 Algood, 
 
 Anderson, 
 
 Bartow, 
 
 Beasley, 
 
 Beck, 
 
 Beall of Forsyth, 
 
 Benning, 
 
 Black, 
 
 Bowen, 
 
 Brewton, 
 
 Briscoe, 
 
 Brown of Houston, % 
 
 Brown of Marion, 
 
 Brown of Webster, 
 
 Buchanan, 
 
 Bullard, 
 
 Burch, 
 
 Bush, 
 
 Butts, 
 
 Byrd, 
 
 Calhoun, 
 
 Cannon of Rabun, 
 
 Carson, 
 
 Carswell, 
 
 Casey, 
 
 Cheshier, 
 
 Clark, 
 
 Cochran of Terrell, 
 Cochran of Wilkinson, 
 
 Cobb, 
 
 Cody, 
 
 Coleman, 
 
 Colquitt, 
 
 Corn, 
 
 Crawford of Greene, 
 Crawford of Richmond, 
 Dabney, 
 Daniel, 
 
 Davenport of Clay, 
 
 Davenport of Sumter, 
 
 Day, 
 
 Deupree, 
 
 Dewberry, 
 
 Dickerson, 
 
 Fain, 
 
 Farns worth, 
 
 Fleming, 
 
 Flevvellen, 
 
 Fields, 
 
 Fitzpatrick, 
 
 Ford, 
 
 Fort of Stewart, 
 
 Freeman, 
 
 Frier, 
 
 Gardner, 
 
 Gavin, 
 
 Glenn of Fulton, 
 
 Glenn of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Glover, 
 
 Giles, 
 
 Gordon, 
 
JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Graham, 
 
 McConnell of Cherokee 
 
 Gresham, 
 
 McCulloch 
 
 G unn, 
 
 McDaniel, 
 
 Hale, 
 
 McDowell, 
 
 Haines, 
 
 McGriff, 
 
 Hamilton, 
 
 McLain, 
 
 Har s roves, 
 
 McRae, 
 
 Harville, 
 
 Means, 
 
 Harris of Glynn, 
 
 Milton, 
 
 Harris of Hancock, 
 
 Moor of Spalding, 
 
 Harvey, 
 
 Montgomery, 
 
 Hendricks, 
 
 Neal of Talbot, 
 
 Hill of Harris, 
 
 Nisbet, 
 
 Hill of Hart, 
 
 Overstreet, 
 
 Hill of Troup, 
 
 Pariss, 
 
 Hilliard, 
 
 Patrick, 
 
 Hines, 
 
 Perkins, 
 
 Hudson of Gwinnett, 
 
 Phinizy of Monroe^ 
 
 Hudson of Harris, 
 
 Pickett, 
 
 Hucofins. 
 
 Pierce, 
 
 Hull, 
 
 Pinson, 
 
 Hust, 
 
 Pittman, 
 
 .Tack son. 
 
 Pitts, 
 
 Jennings, 
 
 Poe, 
 
 Johnson of Clayton, 
 
 PofFord, 
 
 Johnson of Hall, 
 
 Porter, 
 
 Johnson of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Poullain, 
 
 Jones of Burke, 
 
 Prescott, 
 
 Jones of Chatham, 
 
 Price, 
 
 Kenan, 
 
 Ramsey of Muscogee- 
 
 Ketehum. 
 
 Reed, 
 
 Kill o-ore 
 
 
 Kimsey, 
 
 Reynolds, 
 
 Knox, 
 
 Rice, 
 
 Lamar of Lincoln, 
 
 Richardson of Lee. 
 
 Lamar of Bibb, 
 
 Riehardson of Twifrsrs 
 
 Lattimer of Montgomery, 
 
 Robinson, 
 
 Low, 
 
 Rowe, 
 
 Lester, 
 
 Rutherford. 
 
 Lindlev, 
 
 Sharman, 
 
 Lot] 0 *. 
 
 Shame. 
 
 Lvle, 
 
 Sheffield of Calhoun, 
 
 Mabrv of Heard. 
 
 Sheffield of Earl v 
 
 Mallarv 
 
 Shell 
 
 Manson, 
 
 Shropshire of Chattooga* 
 
 Martin of Elbert, 
 
 Skelton, 
 
 Martin of Meriwether, 
 
 Simmons of Gwinnett, 
 
 McConnell of Catoosa, 
 
 Simmons of Pickens, 
 
6 E 0 E G I A CONVENTION. 
 
 87 
 
 * ^^-.^iCLC-Ll. 
 
 Tnf'bpT ryf ( 'r.l rill ifr 
 j. u^iiCl \.i l \_UlULllll, 
 
 v i i m fin r 
 
 TurnPT fif TT a n p r> o b 
 
 -L Ullitfl L7± JldilLULlVi 
 
 >_ USA., 
 
 TTsr v. 
 
 Smith of Charlton. 
 
 Varnadoe, 
 
 Smith of Johnson. 
 
 Warner, 
 
 S/i rimATis 
 
 OU1U lLiU 11 e , 
 
 Wa tptTi niisp 
 
 >> A LCI 11 U LI T C . 
 
 i _ UCULC) 
 
 Webb, 
 
 Sra pton 
 
 LCil_'lvrLV_/l_I. 
 
 W ellborn, 
 
 Sr pit 
 
 KJ L ell 1 • 
 
 West. 
 
 SstPT^lipn< nf TTHnpfif-b 
 
 OlCl'IlCll-- Ui _LL CI 11 C C C IV , 
 
 Wb el eh el 
 
 <r pnli pit c nf T'flliftfHrrn 
 
 IC LCl'llCUo KJ 1 -L ClllCllCll lf« 
 
 Wicker 
 
 i \ i l rv ci • 
 
 LiCCL) 
 
 "V\ i 1 1 1 n o*li am 
 
 >> lLllll^llu.111, 
 
 ^■tri r V 1 9 n n ("it EViTSipfili 
 
 L 1 1 l iv 1 cl 11 l _l Ul -1- vJ 1 V L 11 . 
 
 \\ lib runs n t Clin ttnnrra 
 
 * " 11 ilcl li_l._ I'l HO. L I U U Cl 
 
 Sfari oil 1 an <1 nw Tritnall 
 
 kj LI lLAIuiiU UI Jl aUlull] 
 
 Williams nf TTfliMMs 
 
 it lixiLiiii.^ ui nan ii. 
 
 1 C111U.1C11C. 
 
 \\ 1 1 h r i m sfm 
 
 ' 1 1111 cl 111. . Ull. 
 
 Teaslev. 
 
 Willis. 
 
 r F i riTfi M s nf Tl fin ' t ~ 
 
 "W ni"n fit ( !nh1a 
 
 Thomas of Whitfield, 
 
 Worrbrd. 
 
 Tornlinson, 
 
 Wood. 
 
 Toombs. 
 
 Word. 
 
 Trippe. 
 
 Yates, 
 
 Troup, 
 
 Yopp. 
 
 Those who voted in the negative are Messrs.: 
 
 Arnold. 
 
 Lattimer of Appling, 
 
 Bailev. 
 
 Lo°:an, 
 
 Blalock, 
 
 Mabry of Berrien. 
 
 Cannon of Wayne, 
 
 Martin of Lumpkin, 
 
 Douglass, 
 
 McLeo-i 
 
 Dozier, 
 
 Mershon. 
 
 Ellington, 
 
 Moore of Bulloch, 
 
 Fouche, 
 
 Morrow. 
 
 French, 
 
 Mounger. 
 
 Gee, 
 
 Munnerlyn. 
 
 Gholston, 
 
 Newton, 
 
 Hall. 
 
 Pads:et, 
 
 Hammond. 
 
 Patterson. 
 
 Hansell. 
 
 Ponder, 
 
 Harris of Mcintosh. 
 
 Pruett, 
 
 Head, 
 
 Ramsey of Clinch, 
 
 Hendry. 
 
 Shropshire of Floyd. 
 
 Herrinsfton. 
 
 Slater. 
 
 Hood. 
 
 Simms. 
 
 Howell, 
 
 Spencer, 
 
 Johnson of Jefferson. 
 
 Stephens of Pierce, 
 
 Kirkland, 
 
 Styles, 
 
 Lamb. 
 
 Tillman. 
 
 Langmade, 
 
 Tucker of Laurens. 
 
JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Turner of Wilcox, 
 
 Walton, 
 
 Whitehead, 
 
 Williams of Mcintosh, 
 Young of Gordon. 
 Young of Irwin. 
 
 So the ordinance, as amended, having been twice read, 
 was adopted. 
 
 The second ordinance, from the same committee, reported 
 by Mr. Cobb, on yesterday, to-wit : 
 
 "An ordinance to adopt the laws of the late United 
 States"— was taken up, read twice, and adopted. 
 
 The third ordinance from the same committee, reported 
 by Mr. Cobb, on yesterday, to-wit : 
 
 " An ordinance to define certain offences against the State 
 of Georgia" — was taken up and read. 
 
 Mr. Simmons, of Gwinnett, moved to recommit the same 
 for amendment, which was agreed to. 
 
 Whereupon Mr. Cobb moved to fill the blank in the 
 second clause, after the word " than" with the word "ten" 
 The amendment was received. 
 
 Mr. Simmons (of Gwinnett) then moved to strike out the 
 second clause, which was lost. 
 
 Mr. Wofford moved to strike out the third clause, which 
 was lost. 
 
 Mr. Simmons (of Gwinnett) moved to strike out the 
 words " or interests" in the third clause, which motion was 
 lost. 
 
 The ordinance was then read twice, and passed. 
 
 The fifth ordinance reported on yesterday by Mr. Cobb, 
 from the same committee, to wit : 
 
 " An ordinance concerning citizenship" — was taken up. 
 
 On motion, it was recommitted, and amended by strik- 
 ing out the word "now" in the third section, and inserting, 
 in lieu thereof, the word "lately." 
 
 The ordinance was then twice read and passed. 
 
 The report from Mr. Benning, chairman of the " Comrnit- 
 mittee on the Relations with the slaveholding States of 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 89 
 
 North America," relative to the admission of States into 
 the Southern Confederacy to be formed at Montgomery, was 
 taken up, read, and recommitted to same committee. 
 
 Mr. Whitehead's resolution relative to the adjournment 
 and re-assembling of this Convention at Savannah, was 
 taken up, when amendments from Messrs. Corn, Cannon of 
 Rabun, and Starr, and a substitute from himself, were pre- 
 sented — all of which were laid on the table for the present. 
 
 Mr. Briscoe, from the committee on Enrollment, reported 
 as duly enrolled and ready for the signature of the Presi- 
 dent of the Convention— 
 
 An ordinance to continue in force the laws against the 
 African slave trade. Also, 
 
 An ordinance in relation to the inter-State slave trade — 
 which, being signed by the President, was deposited in the 
 office of the Secretary of State. 
 
 Mr. Nisbet offered the following resolution, which was 
 taken up, read, and agreed to. 
 
 Resolved, That the committee on Military Affairs be, and 
 they are hereby requested to enquire into the expediency 
 and practicability of establishing an Armory for the use of 
 the State within the limits of this State, and report to the 
 Convention. 
 
 Leave of absence was granted to Messrs. Garvin, Allen, 
 Douglass, Anderson, Harris of Meriwether, Bell of Banks, 
 Styles of Ware, Cochran of Wilkinson, and Richardson of 
 Lee. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Hill, of Troup, the Convention then 
 adjourned till eleven o'clock, Monday morning. 
 
 MONDAY, JANUARY 28, 1861, 
 
 The Convention met pursuant to adjournment, and was 
 opened with prayer, by the Rev. Mr. Flinn. 
 
 A quorum being present, the Journal was read. 
 
JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Mr. Ramsey moved to reconsider so much of the jour- 
 nal of Saturday as relates to the passage of the Ordinance, 
 reported by Mr. Cobb, from the Committee on the Consti- 
 tution of the State, and the Constitution and Laws of the 
 United States, to-wit : 
 
 "An Ordinance, in relation to the Circuit and District 
 Courts of the United States." 
 
 The motion to reconsider prevailed, and the Ordi- 
 nance was referred back to the same Committee. 
 
 The hour of 12 having arrived, the order of the day, 
 to-wit: the reception of the Hon. Thos. W. White, Com- 
 missioner from the State of Mississippi, to Georgia, took 
 place . 
 
 Mr. Alexander, of Upson, chairman of the Committee for 
 that purpose, introduced that gentlemen to the President of 
 the Convention, who, having extended a cordial welcome to 
 him in its behalf, stated that it was then ready to receive, 
 or hear, any communication he, as a Commissioner from 
 Mississippi, was prepared to deliver or communicate. 
 
 Whereupon the Commissioner aforesaid addressed the 
 Convention. 
 
 Mr. Colquitt, (in the absence of Mr. Toombs, the Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Foreign Relations,) made the 
 following Report, to-wit: 
 
 The Committee on Foreign Relations, to whom was re- 
 ferred the duty of recommending to the Convention suitable 
 persons to fill the offices of Commissioners to several 
 designated States, have had the same under consideration, 
 and 
 
 REPORT : 
 
 For Virginia, H. L. Benning, of Muscogee. 
 For Maryland, A. R. Wright, of Richmond. 
 For Kentucky, H. R. Jackson, of Chatham. 
 For Tennessee, H. P. Bell, of Forsyth. 
 For Missouri, L. J. Glenn, of Fulton. 
 For Arkansas, D. P. Hill, of Harris. 
 For Delaware, D. C. Campbell, of Baldwin. 
 For North Carolina, Samuel Hall, of Macon. 
 
 The Report was taken up and read, when, on motion of 
 
GEOEGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 91 
 
 Mr. Toombs, (who stated that Mr. Jackson had declined to 
 to serve as Commissioner to Kentucky,) so much of the 
 Report as referred to that State, was recommitted to the 
 Committee on Foreign Relations." 
 
 The remainder of the Report was agreed to, 
 
 Mr. Stephens, of Taliaferro, from the Committee on 
 Foreign Relations, reported the following Resolutions : 
 
 Resolved, That the delegates sent from this State by this 
 Convention, to the proposed Congress to assemble at Mont- 
 gomery, Alabama, on the 4th day of February next, be 
 fully authorized and empowered, upon free conference and 
 consultation with delegates that may be sent from other 
 seceding States, to said Congress, to unite with them in 
 forming and putting into immediate operation, a temporary 
 or Provisional Government, for the common safety and 
 defence of all the States represented in said Congress. 
 Such temporary or Provisional Government not to extend 
 beyond the period of twelve months from the time it goes 
 into operation, aad to be mod eled as nearly as practicable 
 on the basis and principles of the late Government of the 
 United States of America. The powers of the delegates 
 so appointed by this Convention in this particular, being 
 hereby declared to be full and plenary. 
 
 Be it further Resolved, That said Delegates be likewise 
 authorized, upon like conference and consultation with the 
 delegates from the other States in said Congress, to agree 
 upon a plan of permanent Government for said States, 
 upon the principles and basis of the Constitution of the 
 late United States of America, which said plan or Consti- 
 tution of permanent Government shall not be binding or 
 obligatory upon the People of Georgia, unless submitted to, 
 approved, and ratified by this Convention. 
 
 The report was taken up and read, when Mr. Fouche moved 
 to lay the same upon the table for the present, and to print 
 300 copies thereof. 
 
 The motion was lost, and the Report was agreed to. 
 
 SPECIAL ORDER. 
 The special order of the day, to-wit: 
 "An Ordinance, to make provisional arrangements for the 
 
JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 continuance of Commercial Facilities in Georgia," was then 
 taken up and read. 
 
 Mr. Hood, of Randolph, from the minority of the Com- 
 mittee on Commercial and Postal Arrangements, reported 
 the following Ordinance, as a substitute for the Ordinance 
 proposed by the majority of said Committee: 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To make Provisional Arrangements for the continuance of 
 Commercial facilities in Georgia. 
 
 We, the People of Georgia, in Convention assembled, do declare 
 and Ordain, and it is hereby declared and Ordained, 
 
 First, That all citizens of the State of Georgia, who, on 
 the 19th day of January, 1861, were holding office con- 
 nected with the Customs, under the Government of the 
 late United States, within the limits of this State, be, and 
 they are hereby appointed to hold, under the Government 
 of this State, exclusive of any further connection ^whatever 
 with the Government of the late United States, the same 
 offices they now fill, until otherwise directed, and to receive 
 the same pay and emoluments for their services. 
 
 Second, That until the Convention or other Provisional 
 Government shall otherwise provide, the Governor shall ap- 
 point to all vacancies which now exist or may hereafter 
 occur in such offices. 
 
 Third, That until otherwise provided, the Revenue, Col- 
 lection, and Navigation Laws of the late United States, so 
 far as they may be applicable, be, and they are hereby 
 adopted and made the laws of this State, saving that no 
 duties shall be collected upon imports from the States 
 forming the late United States, nor upon the tonnage of 
 vessels owned in whole or in part by the citizens of said 
 States; Provided, if the said late United States should as- 
 sume an attitude of hostility towards the State of Geor- 
 gia, then the Governor, by his Proclamation, shall put them 
 upon the same footing with all other foreign nations. And, 
 saving and excepting the Act of Congress, adopted the 3rd 
 day of March, 1817, entitled "An Act authorizing the de- 
 posit of papers of foreign vessels with the Consuls of their 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 93 
 
 respective nations," which Act is hereby declared to be of 
 no force within the limits of this State. 
 
 Fourth, That all vessels built in Georgia, or elsewhere, 
 and owned to the amount of one third by a citizen, or citi- 
 zens, of Georgia, or of any of the seceding States from the 
 late United States, and commanded by a citizen thereof, 
 and no other, shall be registered as vessels of Georgia, un- 
 der the authority of the Collector and Naval officers. 
 
 Fifth, That all the official acts of the officers aforesaid, 
 in which it is usual and proper to set forth the authority 
 under which they act, or the style of documents issued by 
 them, or any of them, shall be in the name of the State of 
 Georgia. 
 
 Sixth, That all monies hereafter collected by any of the 
 officers aforesaid, shall, after deducting the sums necessary 
 for the compensation of officers, and other expenses inci- 
 dent thereto, be paid into the Treasury of the State of 
 Georgia, subject to the order of this Convhntion, or the 
 General Assembly. 
 
 Seventh, That the officers aforesaid shall retain in their 
 hands all property of the late United States in their posses- 
 sion, custody, or control, subject to the disposal of the 
 proper authorities, who will account for the same, upon a 
 final settlement with the Government of the late United 
 States. 
 
 Mr. Hood moved that the substitute be adopted in lieu 
 of the original Ordinance. 
 
 Whereupon Mr. Hill, of Troup, demanded that the yeas 
 and nays be recorded. 
 
 There are yeas 130, nays 119, to-wit: 
 
 Those who voted in the affirmative, are Messrs. 
 
 Adams of Camden, Butts, 
 
 Alexander of Fulton, Calhoun, 
 
 Algood, Cannon of Wayne, 
 
 Bailey, Carson, 
 
 Bartow, Chastain, 
 
 Benning, Cheshier, 
 
 Blalock, Clarke, 
 
 Brown of Houston, Cobb, 
 
 Buchanan, Colquitt, 
 
 Burch, Cox, 
 
JOUENAL OP THE 
 
 Crawford of Greene, 
 
 Davis of Chattaooochee, 
 
 Davenport of Clay, 
 
 Davenport of Sumter, 
 
 Dewberry, 
 
 Douglass, 
 
 Dozier, 
 
 Fleming, 
 
 Flewellen, 
 
 Ford, 
 
 Fort of Stewart, 
 
 Fort of Wayne, 
 
 Fouche, 
 
 Furlow, 
 
 Gaulden, 
 
 Gee, 
 
 Gholston, 
 
 Glenn of Fulton, 
 
 Glenn of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Glover, 
 
 Giles, 
 
 Gresham, 
 
 Gunn, 
 
 Ball, 
 
 Hamilton, 
 Hammond, 
 Hansel!, 
 Harvill, 
 
 Harris of Glynn, 
 
 Harris of Mcintosh, 
 
 Hawkins, 
 
 Head, 
 
 Henderson, 
 
 Hendry, 
 
 Hendricks, 
 
 Hill of Hart, 
 
 Hilliard, 
 
 Hines, 
 
 Hood, 
 
 Howell, 
 
 Huggins, 
 
 Jackson, 
 
 Jennings, 
 
 Johnson of Oglethorpe, 
 Jones of Burke, 
 Jones of Chatham, 
 Knox, 
 
 Lamar of Bibb, 
 
 Lamb, 
 
 Lattimer of Appling, 
 
 Lester, 
 
 Lindley, 
 
 Logan, 
 
 Logue, 
 
 Lyle, 
 
 Mallary, 
 
 Martin of Elbert, 
 
 Martin of Lumpkin, 
 
 McConnell of Catoosa, 
 
 McCulloch, 
 
 McDowell, 
 
 McLeod, 
 
 Milton, 
 
 Moore of Bulloch, 
 Moor of Spalding, 
 Mounger, 
 Padget, 
 Patterson, 
 
 Phinizy of Richmond, 
 
 Pickett, 
 
 Pittman, 
 
 Poe, 
 
 Porter, 
 
 Poullain, 
 
 Prescott, 
 
 Price, 
 
 Pruett, 
 
 Ramsey of Clinch, 
 
 Ramsey of Muscogee, 
 
 Rice, 
 
 Robinson, 
 
 Roddey, 
 
 Rutherford, 
 
 Sheffield of Calhoun, 
 
 Sheffield of Early, 
 
 Slater, 
 
 Skelton, 
 
 Simms, 
 
 Singleton, 
 
 Solomons, 
 
 Spencer, 
 
 Stephens of Pierce, 
 Strickland of Forsyth, 
 Taliaferro, 
 Thomas of Dooly, 
 Tillman, 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 95 
 
 Tomlinson, 
 
 Toombs, 
 
 Troup. 
 
 Tucker of Colquitt. 
 Turner of Wilcox, 
 Usry, 
 Varnadoe, 
 
 Walton, 
 
 Waterhouse, 
 
 Wellborn, 
 
 Whitehead, 
 
 Williams of Mcintosh, 
 
 Word, 
 
 Young of Gordon. 
 
 Those who voted in the negative are Messrs. 
 
 Adams of Putnam, 
 
 Alexander of Upson, 
 
 Arnold, 
 
 Beasley, 
 
 Beck, 
 
 Beall of Forsyth, 
 
 Black, 
 
 Bowen, 
 
 Brewton, 
 
 Briscoe, 
 
 Brown of Marion, 
 Brown of Webster, 
 Bush, 
 Byrd, 
 
 Cannon ot Rabun, 
 Cantrell, 
 
 Cochran of Terrell, 
 
 Coleman, 
 
 Corn, 
 
 Dabney, 
 
 Davis of Putnam, 
 Day, 
 
 Dickerson, 
 Fain, 
 
 Farns worth, 
 
 Fields, 
 
 Fitzpatrick, 
 
 Freeman, 
 
 Frier, 
 
 French, 
 
 Gordon, 
 
 Graham, 
 
 Gray, 
 
 Hale, 
 
 Hargroves, 
 Harris of Hancock, 
 Herrington, 
 Hill of Harris, 
 Hill of Troup, 
 
 Hudson of Gwinnett, 
 Hudson of Harris, 
 Hust, 
 
 Johnson of Clayton, 
 
 Johnson of Hall, 
 
 Johnson of Jefferson, 
 
 Jordan, 
 
 Kenan, 
 
 Ketch urn, 
 
 Killgore, 
 
 Kimsey, 
 
 Kirkland, 
 
 Lamar of Lincoln, 
 Latt Lmer of Mo n tgomery , 
 Low, 
 
 Mabiy of Berrien, 
 Mabry of Heard, 
 Man son, 
 
 Martin of Merri wether, 
 
 McConnell of Cherokee, 
 
 McDaniel, 
 
 McRae, 
 
 Means, 
 
 Mershon, 
 
 Mitchell, 
 
 Montgomery, 
 
 Morrow, 
 
 Neil of Talbot, 
 
 Newton, 
 
 Nisbet, 
 
 Overstreet, 
 
 Paris, 
 
 Patrick, 
 
 Phinizy of Monroe, 
 
 Pierce, 
 
 Pinson, 
 
 Pitts, 
 
 Pofford, 
 
 Reese. 
 
96 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Reynolds, Thomas of Whitfield, 
 
 Rowe, Tidwell, 
 
 Saffold, Trippe, 
 
 Shannon, Tucker of Laurens, 
 
 Sharpe, Warner, 
 
 Shell, Webb, 
 
 Shropshire of Chattooga, West, 
 
 Shropshire of Floyd, Whelchel, 
 
 Simmons of Gwinnett, Willingham, 
 
 Simmons of Pickens, Williams of Chattooga, 
 
 Sirmons, Williams of Harris, 
 
 Sisk, Williamson, 
 
 Smith of Charlton, Willis, 
 
 Smith of Johnson, Winn of Cobb, 
 
 Smith of Talbot, Wofford, 
 
 Spence, Wood, 
 
 Stapleton, Wright, 
 
 Stephens of Monroe, Yates, 
 
 Street, 'Yopp, 
 
 Strickland of Tatnall, Young of Irwin. 
 
 Teasley, 
 
 So the substitute was adopted in lieu of the original 
 Ordinance, and having been read twice was passed with 
 the following amendment, to-wit : 
 
 After the words "holding office," in the first section, to 
 add the words, "or who may have resigned, and where 
 resignations may not have been accepted." 
 
 Mr. Cobb, from the Committee on the Constitution of 
 the State and the Constitution and Laws of the United 
 States, submitted the following, which, on his motion, with- 
 out being read, was laid on the table until after the pro- 
 posed recess, and 1,000 copies ordered to be printed: 
 
 The fundamental principles of Free Government cannot 
 be too well understood or too often recurred to. Hence 
 we declare this 
 
 BILL OF RIGHTS. 
 
 All Government derives its authority from the consent of 
 the governed; who may modify, alter or annul the same 
 whenever their safety or happiness requires it. No Gov- 
 ernment should be changed for slight or transient causes, 
 nor unless upon reasonable assurance that a better will be 
 established. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 97 
 
 Protection to person and property is the consideration of 
 allegiance ; and a Government which knowingly and per- 
 sistently denies or withholds snch protection from the 
 governed, releases them from the obligation of obedience. 
 
 Xo citizen shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property, 
 except by due process of Law: and of life or liberty only 
 by the judgment of his peers. The writ of habeas corpus 
 shall not be suspended unless when in case of rebellion or 
 invasion the public safety may require it. 
 
 A well regulated Militia being necessary to the security 
 of a free State, the right of the People to keep and bear 
 arms shall not be infringed. 
 
 The prevalence of the Christian Religion among the 
 people, and the basis of Christian principles underlying the 
 laws, entitle this State to be ranked among the Christian 
 nations of the earth, and as those principles are indepen- 
 dent of all political organization, no religious test shall 
 ever be required for the tenure of any office, and no re- 
 ligious establishment allowed ; and no citizen shall be 
 deprived of any right or privilege by reason of his relig- 
 ious belief. 
 
 Freedom of thought and opinion, freedom of speech, and 
 freedom of the Press, are inherent elements of political 
 liberty. But while every citizen may freely speak, write, 
 and print, on any subject, he shall be responsible for the 
 abuse of the liberty. 
 
 The right of the People to appeal to the Courts, to pe- 
 tition Government on all matters of legitimate cognizance, 
 and peaceably to assemble for the consideration of any 
 matter of public concern, can never be impaired. 
 
 For every right there should be provided a remedy, and 
 every citizen ought to obtain justice without purchase, 
 without denial, and without delay, conformablv to the 
 laws of the land. 
 
 Every person charged with an offence against the laws 
 of the State, shall have 
 
 1st. The privilege and benefit of counsel. 
 
 2nd, Shall be furnished, on demand, with a copy of the 
 accusation, and a list of the witnesses against him. 
 
 3rd, Shall have the compulsory process of the Court to 
 obtain the attendance of his own witnesses. 
 
9® 
 
 JOUENAL OF THE 
 
 4th, Shall be confronted with the witnesses testifying 
 against him, and 1 
 
 5th, Shall have a public and speedy trial by an impar- 
 tial Jury. 
 
 No person shall be put in jeopardy of life or liberty 
 more than once for the same offence. 
 
 No conviction shall work corruption of blood, or general 
 forfeiture of estate. 
 
 Excessive bail shall not be required or excessive fine* 
 'imposed; nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 
 
 The power of the Courts to punish for contempts should 
 always be limited by legislative acts. 
 
 A faithful, honest, and fearless execution of the laws is 
 essential to good order; and good order in society is es- 
 sential to true Liberty. 
 
 Legislative Acts in violation of the fundamental law are 
 void; and the Judiciary shall so declare them. 
 
 .Ex post facto laws, or laws impairing the obligation of 
 contracts, or retroactive legislation affecting the rights of 
 the citizens, are prohibited. 
 
 Laws should have a general operation, and no general 
 law should be varied in a particular case, by special 
 legislation^ except upon notice to all persons to be affected 
 thereby. , 
 
 The right of taxation can be granted only by the 
 People, and should be exercised by their agents in Govern- 
 ment only for the legitimate purposes of Government. 
 
 In cases of necessity, private ways may be granted upon 
 just compensation being first paid; and with this exception 
 private property shall not be taken except for public use ; 
 and then only upon just compensation, such compensation, 
 except in cases of pressing necessity, should be first provi- 
 ded and paid. 
 
 The right of the people to be secure in their persons, 
 houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches 
 and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall 
 issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirma- 
 tion, and particularly describing the place or places to be 
 searched, and the persons or things to be seized. 
 
 Extreme necessity only should justify the declaration of 
 Martial Law. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 99 
 
 Lar^e standing armies m times of Peace are dangerous 
 to Liberty. 
 
 No soldier shall, in time of Peace, be quartered in anv ♦ 
 house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of 
 War, but in a maimer prescribed by law. 
 Titles of Nobility are inconsistent with Republican Equali- 
 itv, and civil honors should come by merit and not by in- 
 heritance. 
 
 All powers not delegated to the Government, expressly 
 or by necessary implication, are reserved to the People of the 
 State. And in all doubtful cases the denial of the grant is 
 the ground safest for the liberty of the People. 
 
 The enumeration of rights herein contained shall 'not be 
 construed to deny to the People any inherent rights which 
 they have hitherto enjoyed. 
 
 Mr. Briscoe, from the Committee on Enrollment, reported 
 as duly enrolled, and ready for the signature of .the Presi- 
 ident, certain Ordinances passed in secret session, which 
 were signed by the President, and transmitted to the Gov- 
 ernor. 
 
 Mr. Singleton moved that Mr. Brown of Marion be placed 
 upon the Committee on Accounts, in lieu of Mr. McDonald 
 of Ware, who was absent. 
 
 The motion was agreed to. 
 
 Mr. Bartow, from the Committee on Military affairs, 
 made the following 
 
 REPORT : 
 
 The Committee on Military affairs, to whom was referred 
 an Ordinance to organize a mounted police in each of the 
 several Counties of the State, and for other purposes, have 
 considered the same, and report that, in their opinion, the 
 mid Ordinance ought not to pass. 
 
 The report was taken up and agreed to. 
 
 Mr. Bartow, from the same Committee, also made the 
 following 
 
 REPORT : 
 
 That the Committee to whom was referred a Resolution 
 directing them "to inquire into the expediency and practi- 
 
100 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 eability of establishing an Armory for the use of the State 
 within its limits, and to report to the Convention," ask 
 leave for further time, to make their report. 
 
 The report was taken up, read, and the leave asked, was 
 granted. 
 
 Leave of absence was granted to Messrs. Buchanan, Hill 
 of Hart, Martin of Elbert, Turner of Hancock, Moore of 
 Bulloch, Pinson, McGriff, Fitzpatrick, Cobb, Richardson 
 of Twiggs, and Smith of Johnson. 
 
 The Convention then adjourned till ten o'clock to-mor- 
 row morning. 
 
 TUESDAY, JANUARY 29, 1S61. 
 
 The Convention met pursuant to. adjournment, and was 
 opened with prayer by the Rev. Mr. Crawford. 
 
 A quorum being present, the journal was read. 
 
 Mr. Tidwell, moved to reconsider so much of the journal 
 of yesterday as relates to the passage of 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To make Provisional arrangements for the continuance of 
 Commercial facilities in Georgia. 
 
 Mr. Hood moved the previous question, which, being 
 seconded prevailed, when the yeas and nays were demanded 
 to be recorded. 
 
 There are yeas 113 ; nays 143, to- wit : 
 
 Those who voted in the affirmative are Messrs. 
 
 Adams of Putnam, Briscoe, 
 
 Alexander of Upson, Brown of Marion, 
 
 Arnold, Brown of Webster, 
 
 Beasley, Bullard, 
 
 Beck, Burnett, 
 
 Beall of Troup, Bush, 
 
 Black, Byrd, 
 
 Brewton, Cannon of Rabun, 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 101 
 
 Cochran of Terrell, 
 
 Cody, 
 
 Corn, 
 
 Dabney, 
 
 Davis of Putnam, 
 
 Day, 
 
 Deupree, 
 
 Dickersou, 
 
 Fain, 
 
 Freeman, 
 
 Frier, 
 
 French, 
 
 Gordon, 
 
 Graham, 
 
 Gray, 
 
 Hale, 
 
 Haines, 
 
 Hargroves, 
 
 Harris of Hancock, 
 
 Henderson, 
 
 Herrington, 
 
 Hill of Harris, 
 
 Hill of Troup, 
 
 Hudson of Gwinnett, 
 
 Hudson of Harris, 
 
 Hust, 
 
 Johnson of Clayton, 
 
 Johnson of Hall, 
 
 Johnson of Jefferson, 
 
 Jordan, 
 
 Kenan, 
 
 Ketchum, 
 
 Killgore, 
 
 Kimsey, 
 
 Kirkland, 
 
 Lamar of Lincoln, 
 
 Langmade, 
 
 Lattimer of Montgomery, 
 
 Low, 
 
 Long, 
 
 Mabry of Heard, 
 Manson, 
 
 Martin of Meriwether, 
 
 McDaniel, 
 
 McEae, 
 
 Means, 
 
 Mershon, 
 
 Mitchell, 
 
 Montgomery, 
 
 Morrow, 
 
 Neal of Talbot, 
 
 Newton, 
 
 Nisbet, 
 
 Overstreet, 
 
 Paris, 
 
 Patrick, 
 
 Phinizy of Monroe, 
 
 Pierce, 
 
 Pitts, 
 
 Pofford, 
 
 Reynolds, 
 
 Rowe, 
 
 SafFold, 
 
 Sharman, 
 
 Sharpe, 
 
 Shropshire of Chattooga, 
 Shropshire of Floyd, 
 Simmons of Gwinnett, 
 Simmons of Pickens, 
 Sirmons, 
 Sisk, 
 
 Smith of Charlton, 
 Smith of Johnson, 
 Smith of Talbot, 
 Spence, 
 Stapleton, 
 Starr, 
 
 Stephens of Monroe, 
 Street, 
 
 Strickland of Tatnall, 
 Thomas of Whitfield, 
 Tidwell, 
 Trippe, 
 
 Tucker of Laurens, 
 
 Warner, 
 
 Webb, 
 
 West, 
 
 Whelchel, 
 
 Willingham, 
 
 Williams of Chattooga. 
 
 Williams of Harris, 
 
 Williamson, 
 
 Wood, 
 
 Wright, 
 
 Yates, 
 
 Yopp, 
 
 Younff of Irwin. 
 
102 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Those who voted in the negative are Messrs. : 
 
 Adams of Camden, 
 
 Alexander of Fulton, 
 
 Algood, 
 
 Bailey, 
 
 Banks, 
 
 Bartow, 
 
 Bell of Forsyth, 
 Benning, 
 Blalock, 
 Bo wen, 
 
 Brown of Houston, 
 
 Bryan, 
 
 Burch, 
 
 Butts, 
 
 Calhoun, 
 
 Caunon of Wayne, 
 
 Carson, 
 
 Chastain, 
 
 Cheshier, 
 
 Clarke, 
 
 Cleveland, 
 
 Coleman, 
 
 Colquitt, 
 
 Crawford of Richmond, 
 Daniel, 
 
 Davis of Chattahoochee, 
 
 Davenport of Clay, 
 
 Davenport of Sumter, 
 
 Dennis, 
 
 Dewberry, 
 
 Douglass, 
 
 Dozier, 
 
 Farns worth, 
 
 Fleming, 
 
 Flewellen, 
 
 Fields, 
 
 Ford, 
 
 Fort of Stewart, 
 
 Fort of Wayne, 
 
 Fouche, 
 
 Furlow, 
 
 Gaul den, 
 
 Gardner, 
 
 Gee, 
 
 Gholston, 
 Glenn of Fulton, 
 
 Glenn of Oglethorpe* 
 
 Glover, 
 
 Giles, 
 
 Gresham, 
 
 Gunn, 
 
 Hamilton, 
 
 Hammond, 
 
 Hansell, 
 
 Harville, 
 
 Harris of Glynn, 
 
 Harris of Mcintosh,. 
 
 Harvey, 
 
 Hawkins, 
 
 Head, 
 
 Hendry, 
 
 Hendricks, 
 
 Billiard, 
 
 Hines, 
 
 Hood, 
 
 Howell, 
 
 Huggins, 
 
 Hull, 
 
 Jackson, 
 
 Jennings, 
 
 Johnson of Oglethorpe,. 
 Jones of Burke, 
 Jones of Chatham, 
 Knox, 
 
 Lamar of Bibb, 
 
 Lamb, 
 
 Lester, 
 
 Lindley, 
 
 Logan, 
 
 Logue, 
 
 Lyle 5 
 
 Mallary, 
 
 Martin of Lumpkin, 
 
 McConnell of Catoosa, 
 
 McOonnell of Cherokee. 
 
 McCulloch, 
 
 McDowell, 
 
 McLeod, 
 
 Milton, 
 
 Moore of Bulloch, 
 Moor of Spalding, 
 Mounger, 
 
GEOEGrlA CONVENTION. 
 
 103 
 
 Muimeiiyn, 
 
 Padget, 
 
 Patterson, 
 
 Phinizy of Richmond, 
 
 Picket, 
 
 Pittman, 
 
 Poe, 
 
 Ponder, 
 
 Porter, 
 
 Poullain, 
 
 Prescott, 
 
 Price, 
 
 Pruett, 
 
 Ramsey of Muscogee, 
 
 Reed, 
 
 Rice, 
 
 Richardson of Lee, 
 
 Robinson, 
 
 Roddey, 
 
 Rutherford, 
 
 Sheffield of Calhoun, 
 
 Sheffield of Early, 
 
 Shell, 
 
 Slater, 
 
 Skelton, 
 
 Simms, 
 
 So the motion to reconsider 
 
 Singleton, 
 Solomons, 
 Spencer, 
 
 Stephens, of Pierce, 
 Strickland of Forsyth, 
 Taliaferro, 
 Teasley, 
 
 Thomas of Dooly, 
 
 Tillman, 
 
 Tomlinson, 
 
 Toombs, 
 
 Troup, 
 
 Tucker of Colquitt, 
 
 Turner of Wilcox, 
 
 Varnadoe, 
 
 Walton, 
 
 Waterhouse, 
 
 Wellborn, 
 
 Whitehead, 
 
 Williams of Mcintosh, 
 
 Willis, 
 
 Winn of Cobb, 
 
 Wofford, 
 
 Word, 
 
 Young of Gordon, 
 was lost. 
 
 Mr. Clarke, from the " Committee on the Constitution 
 and Laws of State, and the Constitution and Laws of the 
 United States," laid on the table the following report and 
 resolutions referred to therein 
 
 "Mr. President : I am instructed to report a set of resolu- 
 tions in counection herewith, for providing some remedy 
 against the unlawful seizure of the arms and other property 
 of the State of Georgia, by the authorities or people of oth- 
 er States, and which report is also made at the suggestion 
 und request of his Excellency the Governor of this State. 
 
 JVhercas, late events indicate a disposition upon the part 
 of certain persons at the North, either under the authority 
 of the State officers, or in unruthorized bands to seize and 
 retain arms and ammunition intended for the seceding States, 
 and wheras, Georgia cannot and will not tolerate any such 
 interference with her rights, under the Laws of Nations 
 therefore: 
 
104 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Be it resolved, That upon sufficient information being givea 
 to him of any such interference with arms or ammunition, 
 intended for Georgia, the Governor of this State be, and he 
 is herby authorized, immediately to demand of the Gover- 
 nor of the State where such outrage is committed, a restitu- 
 tion of the property, or ample remuneration for the same, 
 with security against the repetition of such outrage. And 
 if such indemnity is not given w T ithin twelve days from the 
 date of the demand, the Governor of this State is hereby au- 
 thorized to make reprisals from the property of the citizens 
 of such recreant State, to be found within the borders of 
 this State, or the waters adjacent thereto ; and in his dis- 
 cretion he may issue in addition thereto, letters of Marque 
 and Reprisal against the commerce going to and coming 
 from the ports of such recusant State under the flag of the 
 United States of America. 
 
 Be it further resolved, That whenever the Governor shall 
 thus proceed, the judgment and other liens in favor of citi- 
 zens of such recusant State proceeded against shall be sus- 
 pended, and such citizens shall lose and not be allowed to 
 hold any status as Plaintiffs in any of the Courts of this 
 State. 
 
 The report was read and laid on the table till after the re- 
 cess. 
 
 Mr. ISisbet, from the committee of seventeen, to report 
 the Ordinance of Secession, after stating that it was written 
 by Mr. Toombs made the following 
 
 REPORT, 
 which was taken up, read, and adopted. 
 
 " The people of Georgia having dissolved their political 
 connection with the Government of the United States of 
 America, present to their confederates, and the world, the 
 causes which have led to the separation. For the last ten years 
 we have had numerous and serious causes of complaint 
 against our non-slaveholding confederate States, with refer- 
 ence to the subject of African slavery. They have endeav- 
 ored to weaken our security, to disturb our domestic peace 
 and tranquility, and persistently refused to comply with thek 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 105 
 
 express constitutional obligations to us in reference to that 
 properly, and by the use of their power in the Federal 
 Government, have striven to deprive us of an equal enjoy- 
 ment of the common Territories of the Republic. This hos- 
 tile policy of our confederates has been pursued with every 
 circumstance of aggravation which could arouse the pas- 
 sions and excite the hatred of our people, and has placed the 
 two sections of the Union, for many years past, in the con- 
 dition of virtual civil war. Our people, still attached to the 
 Union, from habit and National traditions, and averse to 
 change, hoped that time, reason and argument, would bring, 
 if not redress, at least exemption from farther insults, inju- 
 ries and dano-ers. Recent events have fully dissipated all 
 such hopes, and demonstrated the necessity of separation. 
 Our Northern confederates, after a full and calm hearing 
 of all the facts, after a fair warning of our purpose not 
 to submit to the rule of the authors of all these wrongs 
 and injuries, have, by a large majority, committed the 
 Government of the United States into their hands. The peo- 
 ple of Georgia, after an equally full and fair and deliber- 
 ate hearing of the case, have declared with equal firmness, 
 that they shall not rule over them. A brief history of the 
 rise, progress and policy of anti-slavery, and of the polit- 
 ical organization into whose hands the administration of 
 the Federal Government has been committed, will fully jus- 
 tify the pronounced verdict of the people of Georgia. The 
 party of Lincoln, called the Republican party, under its 
 present name and organization is of recent origin. It is 
 admitted to be an anti-slavery party, while it attracts to 
 itself by its creed, the scattered advocates of exploded po- 
 litical heresies, of condemned theories in political economy, 
 the advocates of commercial restrictions, of protection, of 
 special privileges, of waste and corruption in the adminis- 
 tration of Government ; anti-slavery is its mission and its 
 purpose. By anti-slavery it is made a power in the State. 
 The question of slavery was the great difficulty in the way 
 of the formation of the Constitution. While the subordi- 
 nation and the political and social inequality of the African 
 race were fully conceded by all, it was plainly apparent 
 that slavery would soon disappear from what are now the 
 non-slaveholding States of the original thirteen ; the oppo- 
 
JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 sition to slavery was then, as now, general in those States, 
 and the Constitution was made with direct reference to that 
 fact. But a distinct abolition party was not formed in the 
 United States, for more than half a century after the Gov- 
 ernment went into operation. The main reason was, that the 
 North, even if united, could not control both branches of 
 the Legislature during any portion of that time. Therefore, 
 such an orginazition must have resulted, either in utter 
 failure, or in the total overthrow of the Government. 
 The material prosperity of the North was greatly depen- 
 dent on the Federal Government ; that of the South not at 
 all. In the first years of the Republic, the navigating, com- 
 mercial and manufacturing interests of the North, began to 
 seek profit and aggrandizement at the expense of the agri- 
 cultural interests. Even the owners of fishing smacks, 
 sought and obtained bounties for pursuing their own busi- 
 ness, which yet continue — and half a million of dollars are 
 now paid them annually out of the Treasury. The navi- 
 gating interests begged for protection against foreign ship 
 builders, and against competition in the coasting trade ; 
 Congress granted both requests, and by prohibitory acts, 
 gave an absolute monopoly of this business to each of their 
 interests, which they enjoy without diminution to this day. 
 Not content with these great and unjust advantages, they 
 have sought to throw the legitimate burthens of their busi- 
 ness as much as possible upon the public ; they have suc- 
 ceeded in throwing the cost of light-houses, buoys, and the 
 maintenance of their seamen, upon the Treasury, and the 
 Government now pays above two millions annually for the 
 support of these objects. These interests in connection 
 with the commercial and manufacturing classes, have also 
 succeeded, by means of subventions to mail steamers, and 
 the reduction of postage, in relieving their business from 
 the payment of about seven millions of dollars, an- 
 nually, throwing it upon the public Treasury, under the 
 name of postal deficiency. The manufacturing interest 
 entered into the same struggle early, and has clamored 
 steadily for Government bounties and special favors. This 
 interest was confined mainly to the Eastern and Middle non- 
 slaveholding States. Wielding these great States, it held 
 great power and influence, and its demands were in full 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 10? 
 
 proportion to its power. The manufacturers and miners 
 wisely based their demands upon special facts and reasons, 
 rather than upon general principles, and thereby mollified 
 much of the opposition of the opposing interest. They 
 pleaded in their favor, the infancy of their business in this 
 country, the scarcity of labor and capital, the hostile legisla- 
 tion of other countries towards them, the great necessity of 
 their fabrics in the time of war, and the necessity of high 
 duties to pay the debt incurred in our war for independence ; 
 these reasons prevailed, and they received for many years 
 enormous bounties by the general acquiescence of the whole 
 country. 
 
 But when these reasons ceased, they were no less clamor- 
 ous for government protection; but their clamors were less 
 heeded, — the country had put the principle of protection 
 upon trial, and condemned it. After having enjoyed pro- 
 tection to the extent of from fifteen to two hundred per 
 cent, upon their entire business, for above thirty years, the 
 Act of 1846 was passed. It avoided sudden change, but 
 the principle was settled, and free-trade, low duties, and 
 economy in public expenditures was the verdict of the 
 American people. The South, and the Northwestern States 
 sustained this policy. There was but small hope of its re- 
 rersal, — upon the direct issue, none at all. All these classes 
 saw this, and felt it, and cast about for new allies. The 
 anti-slavery sentiment ol the North offered the best chance 
 for success. An anti-slavery party must necessarily look to 
 the North alone for support ; but a united North was now 
 strong enough to control the government in all of its de- 
 partments, and a sectional party was therefore determined 
 upon. Time, and issues upon slavery, were necessary to 
 its completion and final triumph. The feeling of anti-*sla- 
 very, which it was well known was very general among 
 the people of the North, had been long dormant or passive, 
 — it needed only a question to arouse it into aggressive ac- 
 tivity. This question was before us : we had acquired a 
 large territory by successful war with Mexico ; Congress 
 had to govern it, how — in relation to slavery — was the ques- 
 tion, then demanding solution. This state of facts gave form 
 and shape to the anti-slavery sentiment throughout the 
 North, and the conflict began. Northern anti-slavery men 
 
108 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 of all parties asserted the right to exclude slavery from the 
 territory by Congressional legislation, and demanded the 
 prompt and efficient exercise of this power to that end. 
 This insulting and unconstitutional demand was met with 
 great moderation and firmnesss by the South. We had shed 
 our blood and paid our money for its acquisition ; we de- 
 manded a division of it, on the line of the Missouri restric- 
 tion, or an equal participation in the whole of it. These 
 propositions were refused* the agitation became general, 
 and the public danger great. The case of the South was 
 impregnable. The price of the acquisition was the blood 
 and treasure of both sections — of all ; and therefore it be- 
 longed to all, upon the principles of equity and justice. 
 The Constitution delegated no power to Congress to exclude 
 either party from its free enjoyment ; therefore, our right 
 was good, under the Constitution. Our rights were further 
 fortified by the practice of the government from the 
 beginning. Slavery w r as forbidden in the country North- 
 west of the Ohio river, by what is called the Ordinance of 
 1787, That ordinance was adopted under the old confede- 
 ration, and by the assent of Virginia, who owned and ceded 
 the country; and, therefore, this case must stand on its own 
 special circumstances. The government of the United 
 States claimed territory by virtue of the treaty of 1783 
 with Great Britain; acquired territory by cession from 
 Georgia and North Carolina; by treaty from France, and 
 by treaty from Spain. These acquisitions largely exceeded 
 the original limits of the Republic. In all of these acquisi- 
 tions the policy of the government w T as uniform. It opened 
 them to the settlement of all the citizens of all the States 
 of the Union. They emigrated thither with their property 
 of every kind (including slaves), — all were equally pro- 
 tected by public authority in their persons and property, 
 until the inhabitants became sufficiently numerous, and 
 otherwise capable of bearing the burthens and performing 
 the duties of self-government, when they w^ere admitted 
 into the Union, upon equal terms with the other States, with 
 whatever republican constitution they might adopt for 
 themselves. 
 
 Under this equally just and beneficent policy, law and 
 order, stability and progress, peace and prosperity marked 
 
GEORGIA COXVEXTIOX. 109 
 
 every step of the progress of these new communities, until 
 they entered as great and prosperous commonwealths into 
 the sisterhood of American States. In 1S20, the Xorth en- 
 deavored to overturn this wise and successful policy, and 
 demanded that the State of Missouri should not be admitted 
 into the Union, unless she first prohibited slavery within 
 her limits, by her Constitution. After a bitter and pro- 
 tracted struggle, the North was defeated in her special ob- 
 ject: but her policy and position led to the adoption of a 
 section in the law, for the admission of Missouri, prohibit- 
 ing slavery in all that portion of the territory acquired 
 from France, lying Xorth of 36 deg. 30 min. Xorth latitude, 
 and outside of Missouri. The venerable Madison, at the 
 time of its adoption, declared it unconstitutional; Mr. Jef- 
 ferson condemned the restriction, and foresaw its conse- 
 quences, and predicted that it would result in the dissolu- 
 tion of the Union. His prediction is now history. The 
 Xorth demanded the application of the principle of prohi- 
 bition of slavery to all of the territory acquired from Mex- 
 ico, and all other parts of the public domain, then and in 
 all future time. It was the announcement of her purpose 
 to appropriate to herself all the public domain then owned 
 and thereafter to be acquired by the United States. The 
 claim itself was less arrogant and insulting than the reason 
 with which she supported it. That reason was her fixed 
 purpose to limit, restrain and finally to abolish slavery in 
 the States where it exists. The South, with great unani- 
 mity, declared her purpose to resist the principle of prohi- 
 bition to the last extremity. This particular question, in 
 connection with a series of questions affecting the same 
 subject, was finally disposed of by the defeat of prohibitory 
 legislation. 
 
 The Presidential election of 1S52. resulted in the total 
 overthrow of the advocates of restriction and their party 
 friends. Immediately after this result, the anti-slavery por- 
 tion of the defeated party, resolved to unite all the elements 
 in the Xorth, opposed to slavery, and to stake their future 
 political fortunes upon their hostility to slavery everywhere. 
 This is the party to whom the people of the Xorth have 
 committed the government. They raised their standard in 
 
110 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 lS56,and were barely defeated; they entered the Presidential 
 contest again, in I860, and succeeded. 
 
 The prohibition of slavery in the territories, hostility to it 
 everywhere, the equality of the black and white races, dis- 
 regard of all constitutional guarrantees in its favor, were 
 boldly proclaimed by its leaders, and applauded by its fol- 
 lowers. 
 
 With these principles on their banners and these utter- 
 ances on their lips, the majority of the people of the North 
 demand, that we shall receive them as our rulers. 
 
 The prohibition of slavery in the territories is the cardi- 
 nal principle of this organization. 
 
 For forty years this question had been considered, and de- 
 bated in the halls of Congress, before the people, by the 
 press, and before the tribunals of justice. The majority of 
 the people of the North in I860, decided it in their own fa- 
 vor. We refuse to submit to that judgment, and in vindi- 
 cation of our refusal, we offer the constitution of our coun- 
 try, and point to the total absence of any express power to 
 exclude us; we offer the practice of our government, for the 
 first thirty years of its existence, in complete refutation of 
 the position that any such power is either necessary or prop- 
 er to the execution of any other power in relation to the 
 territories. We offer the judgment of a large minority of 
 the people of the North, amounting to more than one-third 
 who united with the unanimous voice of the South against 
 this usurpation ; and finally, we offer the judgment of the 
 Supreme Court of tfie United States, the highest judicial 
 tribunal of our country in our favor. This evidence ought 
 to be conclusive, that we have never surrendered this right ; 
 the conduct of our adversaries admonishes us that if we 
 had surrendered it, it is time to resume it. 
 
 The faithless conduct of our adversaries, is not confined 
 to such acts as might aggrandize themselves or their sec- 
 tion of the Union ; they are content, if they can only injure 
 us. The constitution declares, that persons charged with 
 crimes in one State and fleeing to another, shall be deliver- 
 ed up on the demand of the Executive authority of the State 
 from which they may flee, to be tried in the jurisdiction 
 where the crime was committed. It would appear difficult 
 to employ language freer from ambiguity ; yet, for above 
 
GrE 0 R GrlA C 0 N VEX TI 0 N . 
 
 Ill 
 
 twenty years, the non-slaveholding State, generally, have 
 wholly refused to deliver up to us persons charged with 
 crimes affecting slave property ; our confederates, with pu- 
 nic faith, shield and give sanctuary to all criminals, who 
 seek to deprive us of this property, or who use it to destroy 
 us. This clause of the constitution has no other sanction 
 than their good faith; thai is withheld from us ; we are 
 remediless in the Union ; out of it, we are remitted to the 
 laws of nations. 
 
 A similar provision of the Constitution requires them to 
 surrender fugitives from labor. This provision and the one 
 last referred to, were our main inducements for confederat- 
 ing with the Northern States ; without them, it is histori- 
 cally true, that we would have rejected the Constitution. 
 In the fourth year of the Republic, Congress passed a law to 
 give full vigor and efficiency to this important provision. 
 This act depended to a considerable degree upon the local 
 magistrates of the several States for its efficiency ; the non- 
 slaveholding States generally repealed all laws intended to 
 aid the execution of that act, and imposed penalties upon 
 those citizens whose loyalty to the Constitution, and their 
 oaths, might induce them to discharge their duty. Congress 
 then passed the act of 1850, providing for the complete ex- 
 ecution of this dutv bv Federal Officers. This law which 
 their own bad faith rendered absolutely indispensable for 
 the protection of constitutional rights, was instantly met 
 with ferocious revilings, and all conceivable modes of hos- 
 tility. The Supreme Court unanimously, and their own 
 local Courts, with equal unanimity, (with the single and 
 temporary exception of the Supreme Court of Wisconsin,) 
 sustained its constitutionality in all of its provisions. Yet 
 it stands to-day a dead letter, for all practicable purposes, in 
 every non-slaveholding State in the Union. We have their 
 covenants, we have their oaths, to keep and observe it, but 
 the unfortunate claimant, even accompanied by a Federal 
 Officer, with the mandate of the highest judicial authority 
 in his hands, is everywhere met, with fraud, with force, and 
 with legislative enactments, to elude, to resist and defeat 
 him ; claimants are murdered with impunity ; Officers of 
 the law are beaten by frantic mobs, instigated by inflamma- 
 tory appeals from persons holding the highest public em- 
 
112 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 ployment in these States, and supported by legislation in 
 conflict with the clearest provisions of the Constitution, and 
 even the ordinary principles of humanity. In several of our 
 confederate States, a citizen can not travel the high-way 
 with his servant, who may voluntarily accompany him, with- 
 out being declared by law a felon, and being subjected to 
 infamous punishments. It is difficult to perceive how we 
 eould suffer more by the hostility, than by the fraternity of 
 such brethren. 
 
 The public law of civilized nations requires every State 
 to restrain its citizens or subjects from committing acts in- 
 jurious to the peace and safety of any other State, and from 
 attempting to excite insurrection, or to lessen the security, 
 or to disturb the tranquility of their neighbors, and our 
 Constitution wisely gives Congress the power to punish all 
 offences against the laws of nations. 
 
 These are sound and just principles which have received 
 the approbation of just men in all countries, and all centu- 
 ries. But they are wholly disregarded by the people of the 
 Northern States, and the Federal Government is impotent 
 to maintain them. For twenty years past, the Abolitionists 
 and their allies in the Northern States, have been engaged 
 in constant efforts to subvert our institutions, and to excite 
 insurrection and servile war amongst us. They have sent 
 emissaries among us, for the accomplishment of these pur- 
 poses. Some of these efforts have received the public sanc- 
 tion of a majority of the leading men of the Republican 
 party in the National Councils, the same men who are now 
 proposed as our rulers. These efforts have in one instance 
 led to the actual invasion of one of the slave-holding States, 
 and those of the murderers and incendiaries, who escaped 
 public justice by flight, have found ' fraternal protection 
 among our Northern Confederates* 
 
 These are the men who say the Union shall be preserved. 
 
 Such are the opinions and such are the practices of the 
 Republican Party, who have been called by their own votes 
 to administer the Federal Government under the Constitu- 
 tion of the United States ; w T e know their treachery, we 
 know the shallow pretences under which they daily disre- 
 gard its plainest obligations ; if we submit to them, it will 
 
GEOKGIA CONVENTION. 113 
 
 be our fault and not theirs. The people of Georgia have 
 ever been willing to stand by this bargain, this contract ; 
 thev have never sought to evade any of its obligations ; 
 they have never hitherto sought to establish any new gov- 
 ernment, thev have struggled to maintain the ancient right 
 of themselves and the human race,, through and by that 
 Constitution. But they know the value of parchment rights, 
 in treacherous hands, and therefore, they refuse to commit 
 their own to the- rulers whom the North offer us. Why ? 
 Because by their declared principles and policy, they have 
 outlawed three thousand millions of our property in the 
 common territories of the Union, put it under the ban of 
 the Republic in the States where it exists, and out of the 
 protection of Federal law everywhere ; because they give 
 sanctuary to thieves and incendiaries who assail it to the 
 whole extent of their power, in spite of their most solemn 
 obligations and covenants ; because their avowed purpose is 
 to subvert our society, and subject us, not onlv to the loss 
 of our property but the destruction of ourselves, our wives 
 and our children, and the desolation of our homes, our al- 
 tars, and our firesides. To avoid these evils, we resume the 
 powers which our Fathers delegated to the Government 
 of the United States, and henceforth will seek new safe- 
 guards for our liberty, equality, security and tranquility.' 5 
 
 f On motion of Mr. Nisbet, 10,000 copies of the report 
 were ordered to be printed in pamphlet form, for the use 
 of the Convention. 
 
 Mr. Moor, from the Committee on Enrolment, made the- 
 following report : 
 
 The Committee on Enrolment report that they have en- 
 rolled and have now ready for the signature of the President 
 the following ordinances, to-wit : 
 
 An ordinance to adopt certain laws of the late United 
 States. 
 
 Also an ordinance to define certain offences against the 
 State of Georgia. 
 
 Also an ordinance concerning citizenship. 
 
 S 
 
114 
 
 J OUKNAL OF THE 
 
 Whereupon the President signed, and the same were de- 
 posited in the office of the Secretary of State. 
 
 Mr. Wofford offered the following resolution, w T hich was 
 taken up, read, and adopted. 
 
 " Resolved, That the Pension Agent of the United States 
 for the State of Georgia be requested to exercise the usual 
 functions of his agency, until further instructed by this 
 Convention/' 
 
 Mr. Johnson, from the Committee on Enrolment, made 
 the following report : 
 
 Mr. President : — I am instructed by the Committee on 
 Enrolment to report as duly enrolled — 
 
 An ordinance in relation to oaths. 
 
 An ordinance to make provisional postal arrangements in 
 Georgia, and 
 
 An ordinance in reference to lands heretofore ceded to the 
 late United States of America. 
 
 Whereupon the President signed, and the same were de- 
 posited in the office of the Secretary of State. 
 
 Mr. Rice, from the Committee on the Constitution of the 
 State and the Constitution and Laws of the United States, to 
 whom was referred an ordinance in relation to the Circuit 
 and District Courts of the United States, reported the fol- 
 lowing : 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To abolish the Circuit and District Courts of the United 
 States for the District of Georgia, and to establish other 
 Courts in lieu thereof, and to continue in force certain 
 judgements and executions. 
 
 The 2?eople of Georgia in Convention assembled, hereby declare 
 and ordain, 
 
 That the Circuit and District Courts of the late United 
 States for the State of Georgia be, and the same are hereby 
 abolished as Courts of the said United States, and the Dis- 
 trict Courts of the United States for the Northern and 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 115 
 
 Southern Districts of the State of Georgia are hereby re- 
 established as Courts of the independent State of Georgia, 
 with the same jurisdiction and powers as they had under 
 the laws of the United States, except so far as the same are 
 modified by the ordinances of this Convention. 
 
 2. The commissions of all the judges and officers of said 
 Courts are hereby terminated. And the Governor of this 
 State is hereby authorized to appoint and commission a 
 judge and other officers of said Courts to hold their com- 
 missions until the further action of this Convention — the 
 said Judge to reside in or near the city of Savannah in this 
 State, and the said Judge shall receive at the rate of twen- 
 ty-five hundred dollars per annum as his salary. 
 
 -3. The causes, civil and criminal, now pending in the 
 Circuit Court of the late United States of Georgia, are 
 hereby transferred to the District Court now hereby estab- 
 lished for the Southern District of Georgia, and the said 
 District Court shall have power to hear and determine the 
 same. 
 
 4. The causes, civil and criminal, now pending in the 
 District Courts of the Northern and Southern Districts of 
 Georgia are continued without prejudice in the said Courts 
 now hereby established: and the judgments and decrees 
 heretofore rendered therein, and the executions issued there- 
 on, shall lose no right, lien or validity by the operation of 
 this ordinance or the ordinance of secession, but shall con- 
 tinue in force, as if the courts remained in existence, and 
 the stay law of the General Assembly of 1860 shall apply 
 to the judgments and proceedings of said courts. 
 
 5. No civil suits in favor of citizens of other States shall 
 be instituted in said Courts until the further orde r of this 
 Convention, except cases of admiralty and maritime juris- 
 diction. 
 
 The report was taken up and agreed to, and the ordinance 
 having been twice read, was adopted. 
 
 Mr. Fleming laid upon the table the following ordinance, 
 which was read, and laid on the table till after the recess. 
 
116 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To alter and amend the first section of the third article of 
 the Constitution of Georgia. 
 
 The people of Georgia in Convention assembled do declare and 
 ordain. 
 
 That so much of the first section of the third article of 
 the Constitution of Georgia, as is in the following words, to 
 wit : " The Supreme Court shall consist of three Judges, 
 who shall be elected by the Legislature, for such term of 
 years as shall be prescribed by law, and shall continue in 
 office until their successors shall be elected and qualified," 
 shall be stricken out, and the following inserted in lieu and 
 place thereof, to wit : 
 
 The Supreme Court shall consist of five Judges, who 
 shall be appointed by the Governor of the State, with the 
 advice and consent of two-thirds of the Senate, and shall 
 hold their office during good behavior. 
 
 And be it further enacted, That so much of the said first 
 section ol the third article of the Constitution, as is in the 
 following words, to-wit : " And shall sit at least once a 
 year, at a time to be prescribed by law, in each of the five 
 judicial districts, to;be hereafter laid off and designated by 
 the Legislature for that purpose, at the most central point 
 in each judicial district, or at such other point in each dis- 
 trict as shall, by the General Assembly, be ordained for 
 the trial and determination of writs of error from the seve- 
 ral Superior Courts included in each judicial district," shall 
 be stricken out, and the following inserted in lieu and place 
 thereof, to-wit : And shall sit at least twice a year at Mill- 
 edgeville; or wherever the Capitol of the State may be, for 
 the trial and [determination of writs of error, from the sev- 
 eral Superior Courts of this State. 
 
 And be it further ordained, That so much of the said first 
 section of the third article of the Constitution, as is in the 
 following words, to-wit : " And the said court shall at 
 each session, in each district, dispose of and finally deter- 
 mine each and every case on the docket of such court, at 
 the first term after such writ of error brought," shall be 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 117 
 
 stricken out, and the following inserted in lieu thereof, to- 
 wit: " And the said court shall, at each session, hear each 
 and every case on the docket, unless prevented by Provi- 
 dential cause, and shall, in their discretion, dispose of and 
 finally determine the same, either at the first or second 
 term after such writ of error brought, and no decision shall 
 be pronounced orally, but each and every decision shall be 
 reduced to writing and submitted to the other Judges, or a 
 majority of them for correction and approval before it is 
 pronounced." 
 
 And be it further ordained, That so much of the said first 
 section of the third article of i;he Constitution, as is in the 
 following words, to-wit : " The Judges of the Superior 
 Courts shall be elected for the term of lour years, and shall 
 continue in office until their successors shall be elected and 
 qualified," shall be stricken out, and the following inserted in 
 lieu thereof, to-wit : The Judges of the Superior Courts 
 shall be appointed by the Governor, with the. advice and 
 consent of two-thirds of the Senate, and shall continue in 
 office during good behavior." 
 
 Mr. Hamilton laid on the table the following ordinance, 
 which was taken up, read twice, and adopted : 
 
 " In view of the present condition of the country, and 
 the alleged apprehension of foreign capitalists as to the 
 scarcity of capital invested in this State — 
 
 Be it ordained, That to encourage the manufacturing and 
 mining and other permanent improvements of this State, 
 this Convention does hereby declare it to be the fixed policy 
 of Georgia to protect'all investments already made, or which 
 may be hereafter made by citizens of other States, in mines 
 or manufacturing in this State, and capital invested in any 
 other permanent improvement." 
 
 Mr. Bartow laid on the table the following resolution, 
 which was taken up, read, and adopted : 
 
 Whereas, Certain patriotic citizens of Georgia and South 
 Carolina placed in the service of the State large numbers 
 of their slaves, without remuneration, who were actively 
 and laboriously employed at Fort Pulaski for about two 
 weeks — 
 
118 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Be it resolved by the "people of Georgia in Convention assem- 
 bled, That the Governor be requested to convey to each of 
 the gentlemen who contributed this force, the thanks of this 
 Convention for their patriotic action. 
 
 And be it further resolved, That the Governor be also re- 
 quested and authorized to make a suitable gratuity in money 
 to the slaves thus employed. 
 
 Mr. Bartow also offered the following : 
 
 "An ordinance concerning officers of the militia" — which 
 was read and laid on the table. 
 
 Mr. Singleton laid on the table the following resolution* 
 w^hich was taken up, read, and agreed to : 
 
 " Resolved, That the Committee on Accounts, at their 
 earliest convenience, make a report providing for the pay of 
 delegates sent by this Convention to Montgomery, and 
 Commissioners sent to the Slaveholding States." 
 
 Mr. Whitehead's resolution relative to adjournment, and 
 the re-assembling ^of this Convention, was taken up and 
 read. 
 
 Mr. Whitehead moved to fill the blank therein with the 
 word " Savannah" The motion was lost. The word 
 "Macon" was also proposed, which was lost. The blank 
 was then filled with the word " Milledgeville," and the reso- 
 lution was adopted. 
 
 Mr. Toombs, from the "Committee on Federal Relations," 
 to whom was referred the consideration of appointing a 
 Commissioner from Georgia to Kentucky, reported that the 
 committee recommended the appointment of the Hon. W. 
 C. Daniell to that State. 
 
 The report was taken up and agreed to. 
 
 Mr. Means offered the following resolution, which was 
 taken up, read, and agreed to : 
 
 " Resolved, That the Convention signify its purpose to 
 encourage, cherish, and advance, by all legitimate means in 
 their power, all the important home institutions within their 
 limits, whether literary, scientific, mechanical, agricultural, 
 or professional, that they may aid in developing as far as 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 119 
 
 practicable, the moral and intellectual resources of the State 
 to sustain her present, and advance her future fortunes." 
 
 Mr. Glenn, of Fulton, offered the following preamble and 
 resolutions : 
 
 Whereas, Information has been communicated to this 
 Convention of the death of the Hon. Charles Murphy, a 
 delegate elect from the county of DeKalb. which occurred 
 at his residence on the morning of the 16th instant. 
 
 Be it resolved unanimously. That this Convention do hereby 
 sympathize with the family of the deceased in their sad be- 
 reavment, and deeply regret the loss of his services to the 
 State and country. 
 
 Resolved, That the Secretary furnish a certified copy of 
 this resolution to the family of the deceased. 
 
 The same were taken up. read, and made the special order 
 for the afternoon of this day. 
 
 The President laid on the table the following communi- 
 cation from the Hon. Thomas Y. Simons, chairman of the 
 Committee on Engrossed Ordinances and Resolutions of the 
 South Carolina Convention, which was taken up and read : 
 
 Charleston. January 22, 1S61. 
 
 To the Honorable the President of the Convention of the people 
 of Georgia: 
 
 Sir : — I have the honor herewith to transmit to you. for 
 the use of the distinguished body over which you preside, 
 printed copies of the following documents, adopted by the 
 people of South Carolina, in convention assembled, to-wit : 
 
 1. The declaration of the immediate causes which induce 
 and justify the secession of South Carolina from the Fede- 
 ral Union, and the ordinance of secession. 
 
 2. The address of the people of South Carolina, assem- 
 bled in convention, to the people of the Slaveholding States 
 of the United States. 
 
 •3. Report on the address of a portion of the members of 
 the General Assembly of Georgia. 
 
 4. Reports and resolutions providing for commissioners 
 to the Slaveholding States. 
 
120 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 5. The correspondence between the Commissioners of the 
 State of South Carolina to the Government at Washington, 
 and the President of the United States. 
 
 The noble position which Georgia has taken in the main- 
 tenance of constitutional guarantee and right, has cheered 
 the hearts and nerved the arms of our people in their de- 
 fence. 
 
 In the earnest hope that our respective commonwealths, 
 having cast aside the yoke of a hostile section, and resumed 
 their separate independence, may soon be united with their 
 sisters of the South in a Confederacy having similar insti- 
 tutions to protect, and similar interests to promote, and 
 which may forever stand forth as at once the emblem and 
 the realization of a government of liberty without licence, 
 of law without oppression, and of philanthrophy without 
 fanaticism, 
 
 I am, with the highest regard and esteem, 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 THOMAS Y. SIMONS, 
 Chairman Committee on Engrossed Ordinances and Resolu- 
 lutions. 
 
 The Convention then adjourned till 4 o'clock this after- 
 noon. 
 
 4 o'clock P. M. 
 
 Mr. Briscoe, from the committee to obtain the services of 
 a suitable clergyman to officiate by opening the daily ses- 
 sions of this Convention with prayer, offered for adoption 
 the following resolution : 
 
 " Resolved, That the thanks of this Convention are due, 
 and are hereby tendered to the Rev. William Flinn and the 
 Rev. H. J . Adams (residents in this city) for their accepta- 
 ble services to this Convention." 
 
 The resolution was taken up, read, and unanimously 
 adopted. 
 
 Mr. Hill, of Troup, moved to reconsider so much of the 
 resolution adopted this morning relative to the re-assem- 
 bling of this Convention at " Aiilledgeville" after the recess. 
 
 The President decided that the motion was out of order. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 121 
 
 Mr. Hill appealed from the decision of the Chair. The 
 appeal was sustained by the Convention. 
 
 Whereupon, Mr. Hill moved to take up the resolution, 
 to strike out " Millcdgeville" and insert "Savannah" upon 
 which motion the yeas and nays were demanded to be re- 
 corded. 
 
 The yeas are 137. Nays 100, to-wit : 
 
 Those who voted in the affirmative are Messrs. 
 
 Adams of Camden, Frier, 
 
 Alexander of Fulton, Furlow, 
 
 Alexander of Upson, Gaulden, 
 
 Banks, Gardner, 
 
 Black, Gholston, 
 
 Blalock, Glenn of Fulton, 
 
 Brew ton, Glenn of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Brown of Houston, Glover, 
 
 Brown of Marion, Giles, 
 
 Brown of Webster, Gordon, 
 
 Bullard, Gunn, 
 
 Bush, Hamilton, 
 
 Butts, Hargroves, 
 
 Calhoun, Harvill, 
 
 Cannon of Wayne, Harris of Glynn, 
 
 Henderson, 
 Hendry, 
 Hill of Harris, 
 Hill of Troup, 
 Hines, 
 Hood, 
 Howell, 
 
 Hudson of Harris, 
 
 Huggins, 
 
 Hust, 
 
 Johnson of Hall, 
 Jones of Burke, 
 Jones of Chatham, 
 Kirkland, 
 Lamb, 
 
 Lattimer of Montgomery, 
 
 Lindley, 
 
 Logan, 
 
 Logue, 
 
 Lyle, 
 
 Mabry of Heard, 
 
122 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 McConnell of Catoosa,, 
 
 McCulloch, 
 
 McDowell, 
 
 McLane, 
 
 McLeod, 
 
 Means, 
 
 Mershon, 
 
 Moore of Bulloch, 
 
 Moor of Spalding, 
 
 Morrow, 
 
 Munnerlyn, 
 
 Overstreet, 
 
 Patterson, 
 
 Phinizy of Monroe, 
 
 Phinizy of Kichmond, 
 
 Pitt man, 
 
 Pitts, 
 
 PofFord, 
 
 Porter, 
 
 Poullain, 
 
 Prescott, 
 
 Price, 
 
 Ramsey of Clinch, 
 
 Ramsey of Muscogee, 
 
 Richardson of Lee, 
 
 Robinson, 
 
 Roddey, 
 
 Sherman, 
 
 Shell, 
 
 Slater, 
 
 Skelton, 
 
 Simms, 
 
 Sirmons, 
 
 Smith of Charlton, 
 
 Smith of Johnson, 
 
 Solomons, 
 
 Spencer, 
 
 Stapleton, 
 
 Starr, 
 
 Stephens of Monroe, 
 Stephens of Pierce, 
 Strickland of Tatnall, 
 Teasley, 
 
 Thomas of Dooly, 
 
 Tidwell, 
 
 Tillman, 
 
 Tomlinson, 
 
 Troup, 
 
 Tucker of Colquitt, 
 
 Tucker of Laurens, 
 
 Turner of Wilcox, 
 
 Usry, 
 
 Varnadoe, 
 
 Whitehead, 
 
 Williams of Mcintosh, 
 
 Williamson, 
 
 Willis, 
 
 Winn of Cobb, 
 
 Wofford, 
 
 Wood, 
 
 Word, 
 
 Wright, 
 
 Yopp, 
 
 Young of Gordon. 
 Young of Irwin. 
 
 Those who voted in the 
 
 Adams of Putnam, 
 
 Algood, 
 
 Arnold, 
 
 Bailey, 
 
 Beasley, 
 
 Beck, 
 
 Bell of Forsyth, 
 
 Beall of Troup, 
 
 Benning, 
 
 Bowen, 
 
 Briscoe, 
 
 Burnett, 
 
 ;ive are Messrs. 
 Byrd, 
 
 Cannon of Rabun, 
 
 Chastain, 
 
 Cheshier, 
 
 Coleman, 
 
 Corn, 
 
 Crawford of Greene, 
 Dabney, 
 
 Davis of Putnam, 
 Davenport of Clay, 
 Day, 
 Deupree, 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 123 
 
 Dickerson, 
 
 Farnsworth, 
 
 Fields, 
 
 Fort of Stewart, 
 
 Freeman, 
 
 Gray, 
 
 Graham, 
 
 Hale, 
 
 Hammond, 
 Hansell, 
 
 Harris of Hancock, 
 Head, 
 
 Herrington, 
 Hilliard, 
 
 Hudson of Gwinnett, 
 Jackson, 
 
 Johnson of Clayton, 
 
 Johnson of Jefferson, 
 
 Johnson of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Kenan, 
 
 Killgore, 
 
 Kimsey, 
 
 Knox, 
 
 Lamar of Lincoln, 
 Lamar of Bibb, 
 Lester, 
 Manson, 
 
 Martin of Lumpkin, 
 
 Martin of Merriwether, 
 
 McConnell of Cherokee, 
 
 McDaniel, 
 
 McRae, 
 
 Milton, 
 
 Mitchell, 
 
 Montgomery, 
 
 Mounger, 
 
 Neal of Talbot, 
 
 Newton. 
 
 Padget, 
 
 Paris, 
 
 Patrick, 
 
 Pickett, 
 
 Pierce, 
 
 Poe, 
 
 Ponder, 
 
 Eeed, 
 
 Reese, 
 
 Reynolds, 
 
 Rice, 
 
 Rowe, 
 
 Rutherford, 
 
 Saffold, 
 
 Sharpe, 
 
 Sheffield of Calhoun, 
 Sheffield of Early, 
 Shropshire of Chattooga, 
 Simmons of Gwinnett, 
 Simmons of Pickens, 
 Sisk, 
 
 Smith of DeKalb, 
 Smith of Talbot, 
 Spence, 
 Street, 
 
 Strickland of Forsyth, 
 
 Taliaferro, 
 
 Trippe, 
 
 Walton, 
 
 Warner, 
 
 Waterhouse, 
 
 Webb, 
 
 Wellborn, 
 
 West, 
 
 Whelchel, 
 
 Willi ngham, 
 
 Williams of Chattooga, 
 
 Williams- of Harris, ' 
 
 Nisbet, 
 So the motion prevailed. 
 
 Mr. Johnson, from the Committee on Enrolment, 
 ed as duly enrolled, and ready for the signature 
 President, the following Ordinances : 
 
 An Ordinance to make provisonal arrangements 
 continuance of commercial facilities in Georgia. 
 
 An Ordinance in relation to the Circuit and District 
 Courts of the United States in the State of Georgia. 
 
 rep or t- 
 of the 
 
 for the 
 
124 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 An Ordinance to protect investments of Foreign Capital. 
 
 All of which were signed by the President, and deposited 
 in the office of the Secretary of State. 
 
 Mr. Hill of Troup, offered the following resolution, which 
 was taken up, read, and agreed to : 
 
 " Resolved, That the delegates to this Convention, from 
 the county of Chatham, be, and they are hereby requested 
 and authorized to make all suitable arrangements for the 
 sittings of this Convention when it shall assemble after the 
 recess in the city of Savannah." 
 
 Mr. Clarke of Dougherty, offered the following resolution, 
 which w T as taken up, read and agreed to. 
 
 " Resolved, That His Excellency, the Governor, be, and he 
 is hereby authorized to advance to our Commissioners to 
 the several States, and the members of the State to the 
 Montgomery Convention, such sums as, in his discretion 
 may be necessary, and to draw his warrant on the Treasury 
 for the same." 
 
 Mr. McLeod of Wilcox, laid on the table a preamble and 
 resolution, which was taken up, read and referred to the 
 Committee on Foreign Eelations. 
 
 Mr. Glenn of Fulton, offered the following resolution: 
 
 Resolved, That His Excellency, the Governor, be, and he 
 is hereby requested to order an election for a delegate from 
 the county of DeKalb, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the 
 death of the Hon. Charles Murphy, deceased, or any other 
 vacancy that may occur after giving ten days notice for said 
 election." 
 
 The resolution was taken up, read and adopted. 
 
 Mr. Bartow offered the following resolution : 
 
 " Resolved, That the Messenger and Door Keeper of this 
 Convention be allowed each, eight dollars a clay, as their 
 compensation, and that the assistant Door Keeper be allow- 
 ed two dollars a day while on duty." 
 
 "The resolution was taken up, read and adopted. 
 
 The special order of the afternoon, to-wit : 
 
 The preamble and resolution offered by Mr. Glenn of 
 
GEOKGIA CONVENTION. 125 
 
 Fulton, relative to the death of the Hon. Charles Murphy, 
 a delegate elect, from the county of DeKalb, was taken up, 
 read, and unanimously adopted. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Kenan, the Convention then adjourned, 
 subject to the call of the President, or in the event of his 
 resignation or death, to the call of the Governor, in ac- 
 cordance with the resolution adopted this afternoon. 
 
126 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 IN SECRET SESSION 
 
 AT MILLEDGEVILLE. 
 
 THURSDAY, JANUARY 24, 1861. 
 
 The Convention met in secret session. 
 
 Mr. Bartow,from the Committee on Military Affairs, made 
 the following reports : 
 
 First : — 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 Concerning Officers of the Army and Navy. 
 
 Whereas, certain officers of the Army and Navy of the 
 United States, citizens of the State of Georgia, impelled by 
 patriotic motives, have already resigned their appointments, 
 and tendered their services to the State ; and whereas, oth- 
 ers desire to make the same tender. 
 
 Be it ordained, by the people of Georgia, in Convention as- 
 smbled, 
 
 That all such officers who have resigned for the purpose 
 aforesaid, or have made such offer, and all those on the ac- 
 tive list who may resign and make such tender of service 
 within such time as circumstances may admit,|shall be receiv- 
 ed into the service of the State, and shall be appointed and 
 commissioned by the Governor, to the same relative rank 
 in the Army and Navy of Georgia, which they held under 
 the Government of the United States, and shall receive the 
 same pay from their entrance into service as they were en- 
 titled to at the time of their resignations. 
 
 Provided, That such commissions shall not extend beyond 
 the time at which a Government of the Southern Seceding 
 States shall be established, and provided further, that the 
 Governor of this State shall employ such officers in the ser- 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 127 
 
 vice to which they may be respectively attached, in such a 
 manner as in his judgment the public exigences may re- 
 quire. 
 
 Second : 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 To provide for the public defence. 
 
 Be it further ordained by the people of the State of Georgia, in 
 Convention assembled, 
 
 That the Governor of this State is hereby authorized to 
 raise and equip a regular military force, and to employ the 
 same in such defensive service as the public security in this 
 or neighboring States may demand. Such regular force 
 shall not exceed two regiments of infantry, or infantry and 
 artillery in such proportion as the Governor may direct. 
 The Governor as Commander-in-Chief, shall appoint and 
 commission the necessary officers for these forces, selecting 
 as far as practicable, officers of the United States Army, who 
 may have entered the service of this State, according to 
 their relative rank, but all such commissions may be revok- 
 ed whenever a Government shall be established by the 
 Southern States to which Georgia shall accede. 
 
 And be it farther ordained, That for the regulation of all 
 military matters, not otherwise provided for by the laws of 
 this State, the articles of war, and the army regulations de- 
 clared and established by the United States Government, as 
 lately existing, are hereby adopted as far as applicable to 
 the present condition of this State. 
 
 Third: 
 
 Resolved, That the Governor be authorized to purchase 
 for the defence of the sea-board of Georgia, two propeller, 
 or other steamers, and two sailing vessels, of light draft, to 
 be armed and manned in such manner as their tonnage and 
 capacity may require. 
 
 The reports were severally taken up, read, and made the 
 special order of the day to-morrow. 
 
 The Convention then went into open session. 
 
128 
 
 JOUKNAL OP THE 
 
 FRIDAY, JANUARY 25, 1861. 
 
 The Convention met in Secret Session. 
 The Journal of yesterday was read. 
 
 SPECIAL ORDER. 
 
 The special order of the day, to-wit : the Resolutions and 
 Reports of Mr. Bartow from the Committee on Military 
 affairs, were taken up for consideration : 
 
 On motion of Mr. Bartow, the Resolution author- 
 izing the Governor to purchase, for the defence of the State, 
 two propeller or other steamers, and two sailing vessels, 
 was taken up, and, on his motion recommitted and amended 
 by inserting the words "or procure," after the word "pur- 
 chase;" striking out the word "two" and inserting "three;" 
 and striking out the words "and two sailing vessels." 
 
 He also moved to amend the same by inserting the fol- 
 lowing additional Resolution: 
 
 Resolved, That the Governor be requested to contract 
 with the Cuba Telegraph Company, for the construction of 
 branch lines from the mainland to Brunswick, and such 
 other place on the coast as may be expedient for the use of 
 the State. 
 
 The amendments were received, and the Resolutions as 
 amended were adopted. 
 
 Mr. Bartow then moved to take up the Ordinance for the 
 public defence. On his motion the same was recommitted 
 for amendment, when he offered the following, to add to 
 the second section the words : 
 
 "The officers and enlisted men raised by this Ordinance 
 shall receive the same pay and emoluments as are provided 
 for similar service by the Laws of the United States." 
 
 The amendment was received and the Ordinance was 
 read twice and adopted. 
 
 He then moved to take up the Ordinance concerning 
 officers of the Army and Navy, and recommit the same for 
 amendment. 
 
 The Ordinance was amended by striking out the first 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 129 
 
 proviso, to-wit : "Provided, That such commissions shall 
 not extend beyond the time at which a Government of the 
 Southern seceding States shall he established. 
 
 The amendment was received and the Ordinance having 
 been read twice was adopted. 
 
 Mr. Bartow, from the Committee on Military affairs, also 
 reported the following Resolutions, which, on his motion, 
 were taken up, read, and adopted, to-wit : 
 
 "Whereas, The present attitude of the State of Georgia 
 requires that she should be put immediately in a state of 
 defence, and this military preparation demands prompt 
 action and sound organization, both for efficiency and 
 economy. 
 
 Be it Resolved, That the Governor be, and he is hereby 
 empowered to employ such a military staff as may be 
 necessary for effecting: an organization, and introducing: a 
 sound system of administrative accountability. 
 
 Be it further Resolved, That these appointments shall be 
 temporary, until such time as the Southern seceding States 
 shall establish a Government, and provide a Military Es- 
 tablishment for their common defence, and that the officers 
 so appointed shall keep their offices at such points, to be 
 stationed in such manner as the Governor and Commander- 
 in-Chief may direct." 
 
 On motion of Mr. Bartow the foregoing Ordinances and 
 Resolutions were ordered to be enrolled, and when signed 
 by the President, to be delivered to the Governor. 
 
 The Convention then went into Open Session. 
 
 9 
 
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONVENTION, 
 
 AT SAVANNAH, 
 
 In Open Session. 
 
 SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, 
 March 7th, 1861. 
 
 The Convention, in accordance with the Proclamation 
 of the President, under its resolution at Milledgeville to 
 
 take a recess, met this day at the hour of 12 o'clock, M., in 
 
 this city, and was opened with prayer by the Rev. Mr. 
 Caldwell. 
 
 A quorum being present, the journal of its last day's 
 proceedings at Milledgeville was read. 
 
 Mr. Hood offered the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That the President of this Convention do take 
 the following oath : " I do solemnly swear that I will sup- 
 port, maintain, and defend the Constitution of the Provis- 
 ional Government of the Confederate States of America to 
 the best of my ability, so help me God" — before the Hon. 
 William B. Fleming, Judge of the Superior Courts of the 
 Eastern District ; and that, thereupon, the President ad- 
 minister the same oath to each of the members of this 
 Convention, the Secretary and assistant Secretary. 
 
 The resolution was taken up, read and disagreed to. 
 
 Mr. Smith, of DeKalb, offered the following resolution, 
 which was taken up, read, and adopted. 
 
 Resolved, That the name of P. F. Hoyal be enrolled as a 
 
. 132 JOUENAL OF THE 
 
 member of this Convention, and that he be allowed to take 
 his seat in the same. 
 
 Mr. Saffold offered the following resolution, which was 
 taken up, read and adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That the Messenger of the Convention be 
 authorized to distribute, in equal proportion, to each mem- 
 ber of the Convention, the printed address of the " Commit- 
 tee of seventeen." 
 
 Mr. Hamilton, of Lumpkin offered the following resolu- 
 tion : 
 
 Whereas, It will become necessary for the Confederate 
 States of America to select a location for a National Capi- 
 tol. Be it, therefore, 
 
 Resolved, That the Governor of this State be, and he is 
 hereby authorized to furnish, free of charge, any such loca- 
 tion that might be made in this State. 
 
 The resolution was taken up, read and lost. 
 
 Mr. Garvin, from a minority of the Committee on Ee- 
 duction of the General Assembly, offered the following as 
 a substitute for the previous report of said Committee, 
 to-wit : 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To alter the 3d and 7th sections of the 1st Article of the 
 Constitution of the State of Georgia. 
 "The Senate shall consist of forty members; four from 
 each Senatorial District. There shall be ten districts ar- 
 ranged as follows : 
 
 The First District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Appling, Bryan, Bulloch, Chatham, Camden, Charlton, 
 Clinch, Coffee, Effingham, Emanuel, Glynn, Liberty, Mcin- 
 tosh, Montgomery, Pierce, Scriven, Telfair, Tatnail, Ware, 
 and Wayne. 
 
 The Second District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Baker, Berrien, Brooks, Calhoun, Clay, Colquitt, Dooly, 
 Decatur, Dougherty, Early, Echols, Irwin, Lee, Lowndes, 
 Mitchell, Miller, Randolph, Terrell, Thomas, Wilcox, and 
 Worth. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 The Third District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Chattahoochee. Harris. Muscogee, Marion. Macon, Quit- 
 man, Stewart, Sumter, Schley, Taylor, Talbot and Web- 
 ster. 
 
 The Fourth District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Baldwin, Bibb, Crawford, Jones, Jasper, Houston, Laurens, 
 Putnam, Pulaski, Twiggs, and Wilkinson. 
 
 The Fifth District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Burke, Columbia, Glasscock, Hancock, Jefferson, Johnson, 
 Lincoln, Richmond, Warren, Wilkes, and Washington. 
 
 The Sixth District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Clarke, Elbert, Franklin, Greene, Hart, Madison, Morgan, 
 Newton, Oglethorpe, Taliaferro, and Walton. 
 
 The Seventh District shall be composed of the counties 
 of Butts, Clayton, Fayette, Henry, Meriwether, Monroe, 
 Pike, Spalding, Troup, and Upson. 
 
 The Eighth District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Campbell, Carroll, Cobb, Coweta, DeKalb, Fulton, Haral- 
 alson, Heard, Paulding, and Polk. 
 
 The Ninth District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Banks, Cherokee, Dawson, Forsyth, Gwinnett, Habersham, 
 Hall, Jackson, Lumpkin, Milton, Pickens, Rabun, Towns, 
 Union, and White. 
 
 The Tenth District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Cass, Catoosa, Chattooga, Dade, Fannin, Floyd, Gordon, 
 Gilmer, Murray, Walker, and Whitfield. 
 
 At the first election held under this Ordinance there shall 
 be four Senators elected from each Senatorial District, two 
 of whom shall hold their office for two years, and two for 
 four years, and the first Senators elected for each District, 
 shall be divided into two classes by lot. as soon as the 
 Senate shall convene and organize. 
 
 At every subsequent election which shall be held bien- 
 nially, each district shall elect two Senators, who shall 
 hold their office for four years. After each future enumera- 
 tion of the inhabitants of the State, made under the Laws 
 and Constitution thereof, the General Assembly, at its next 
 session, may arrange the foregoing Senatorial Districts in 
 such manner as will, as nearly as practicable, give to each 
 an ecjual representative population. 
 
JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 The House of Representatives shall be elected biennially, 
 and shall consist of one hundred and thirty-two members ; 
 each county shall have one representative. 
 
 These amendments shall be submitted for ratification to 
 the people of this State, at an election to be holden on the 
 first day of July next, which shall be managed and con- 
 ducted in the usual manner now established by law. Each 
 voter shall endorse on his ticket the words, " Ratification" 
 or "No Ratification." The managers in each county shall 
 make returns in the maimer now prescribed, to His Excel- 
 lency the Governor, who shall add up all the returns, and 
 by proclamation on or before the first of August next en- 
 suing announce the result. If a majority of votes be given 
 for ratification, the election in October next for members of 
 the General Assembly shall be held according to this 
 amendment, and the Governor shall so announce in his said 
 proclamation. 
 
 The report was taken up, and read, and 500 copies 
 ordered to be printed. 
 
 Mr. Shropshire, of Floyd, moved to commit the forego- 
 ing to the Committee on Reduction, and also, to recommit 
 the original report and substitute to the same Committee. 
 
 The motion was agreed to. 
 
 Mr. Bell of Forsyth, offered the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That the people of Georgia in Convention 
 assembled, most heartily approve the election by the Con- 
 gress at Montgomery, of the Hon. Jefferson Davis to the 
 Presidency, and the Hon. A. H. Stephens to the Vice Presi- 
 dency of the Provisional Government of the Confederate 
 States of America, the duties of which position their dis- 
 tinguished public services, and acknowledged abilities emi- 
 nently qualify them to discharge. 
 
 The resolution was taken up, read, and unanimously 
 adopted. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Crawford of Greene, the Secretary of 
 the Convention w r as directed to transmit a copy of the 
 foregoing to the Congress of the Confederate States of 
 America. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 135 
 
 Mr. Johnson of Clayton, offered the following resolution, 
 which was taken up, read, and agreed to. 
 
 Resolved, That Reporters of newspapers be allowed seats 
 on the floor of this Convention, when in open session, and 
 that the Door Keeper and Messenger provide seats for the 
 same. 
 
 Mr. Tidwell offered the following resolution, which was 
 taken up, read, and agreed to : 
 
 Resolved, That Dr. P.F. Hoyal, a delegate elect, from the 
 county of DeKalb, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the 
 death of the Hon. Charles Murphy, be allowed to sign the 
 Ordinance of Secession, as a delegate from said county of 
 DeKalb. 
 
 The President laid upon the table communications from 
 the Governor of New York, in reference to the resolution 
 of this Convention in relation to the seizure of Fort Pu- 
 laski, and from the Governors of Maryland and Alabama, 
 acknowledging the receipt of a copy of the Ordinance of 
 Secession of this State, which were read by the Secretary. 
 
 The President also laid upon the table communications 
 from Dr. Wm. C. Daniell, the Commissioner from this State 
 to the State of Kentucky ; and from D. C. Campbell, Esq., 
 the Commissioner from this State to the State of Delaware? 
 which were read by the Secretary. 
 
 The Convention then adjourned till 11 o'clock, to-mor- 
 row morning. 
 
 FRIDAY, MARCH 8, 1861. 
 
 The Convention met pursuant to adjournment, and was 
 opened with prayer by the Rev. Mr. Landram. 
 
 A quorum being present, the journal of yesterday was 
 read. 
 
 Mr. Crawford, of Greene, offered the following preamble 
 and resolution, which were read: 
 
 Whereas, During her connection with the late United 
 
136 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 States, the State of Georgia was dependent upon the North- 
 ern States for her school books, and this dependence still 
 continues; and whereas, it is important that, in all matters 
 pertaining to education, the South should be independent of 
 her late confederates. Therefore, to aid in effecting this de- 
 sirable object — 
 
 Be it resolved by the Convention of the people of Georgia, That 
 His Excellency, the Governor, be requested to offer a prize 
 of five hundred dollars each for the following works, to be 
 written' or compiled by citizens resident in the Confederate 
 States of America, viz : A Spelling Book for the use of 
 Common Schools ; an Arithmetic ; an English Grammar ; 
 a Geography, and two Reading Books, one for beginners, 
 and one for more advanced scholars ; the prize to be awar- 
 ded by a committee appointed by the Governor, and the 
 books selected to be published and printed within the Con- 
 federacy, and the copy right to be owned or disposed of by 
 the authors or compilers of the several books. 
 
 Mr. Robertson, of Wilkes, offered the following resolu- 
 tion, which was read : 
 
 Resolved, That the Governor be requested to communi- 
 cate to the Convention what provision he has made for the 
 defence of the State against invasion ; the number and char- 
 acter of the arms distributed, and at what points, and the 
 amount which has been expended for the same. 
 
 Mr. Benning offered the following propositions as a sub- 
 stitute for the third and seventh sections of the first article of 
 the Constitution of Georgia : 
 
 The Senate shall consist of thirty-two members ; four 
 for each Congressional district, as it shall exist at the time 
 of their election. Each Congressional district shall, by its 
 elections biennially on the first Wednesday in October next, 
 elect its four members in the mode prescribed by the present 
 law, until that law may be changed by the Legislature. 
 
 The House of Representatives shall consist of sixty-four 
 members, eight for each Congressional district, as it shall 
 exist at the time of their election. Each Congressional dis- 
 trict shall, by its electors, biennially, on the first Wednes- 
 day of October, elect its eight members, in the mode pre- 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 137 
 
 scribed by the present law, until that mode may be changed 
 by the Legislature. 
 
 And on Mr. Benning's motion the same was referred to 
 the " Committee on the Reduction of the General Assem- 
 bly." 
 
 Mr. Rice, of Cobb, offered the following resolution which 
 was taken up and read : 
 
 Resolved, That a committee of seven be appointed to ex- 
 amine into the condition of the defences of the city of Sa- 
 vannah and its approaches ; to inquire what additional 
 defence, if any, may be necessary, and to report to the Con- 
 vention at the earliest possible day. 
 
 Mr. Styles moved to lay the same upon the table for the 
 balance of the session — pending which, 
 
 On motion of Mr. Varnadoe, the resolution was laid on 
 the table for the present. 
 
 Mr. Hood laid on the table the following ordinance, which 
 was read, and, on his motion, was referred to the "Commit- 
 tee on the Constitution of the State, and the Constitution 
 and Laws of the United States:" 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 In relation to citizens of Georgia holding offices under the 
 Government of the late United States. 
 
 1st. Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention as- 
 sembled, 
 
 That from and after the j)assage of this ordinance, any 
 person who now resides in Georgia, or who was at the date 
 of his appointment a citizen of Georgia, or who received his 
 appointment as a citizen of Georgia, and who now holds 
 any office or appointment under the Government of the 
 late United States, either civil or military, of honor or profit, 
 (other than persons connected with the postal service, and 
 who actually reside in, and perform the service within the 
 limits of the State,) and who shall not resign the office or 
 appointment so held within ten days after a knowledge of 
 the passage of this ordinance, shall forfeit his citizenship, 
 and shall never hereafter be a citizen of this State. 
 
138 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 2nd. Be it further ordained, That in the event of a hostile 
 demonstration by the Government of the late United States 
 against the Confederate States of America, or any one of 
 them, then, and in that event, all property or estate, real 
 or personal, belonging to any such officer, civil or military, 
 who shall have continued to adhere to the said government 
 of the United States, after notice as herein before provided 
 for, shall forever forfeit all of his said estate, real or per- 
 sonal, to the State of Georgia ; the said property to be 
 forfeited and confiscated in any county in which the said 
 property, or any portion of it, may be situate — the same to 
 be forfeited in an action in the nature of an information — 
 one half thereof to the State, and the other half to the in- 
 former. 
 
 3rd. Be it further ordained. That in the event no person 
 shall make information thereof, it shall be the duty of the 
 Grand Jury of the county to enquire into the matter, and 
 require the Attorney or Solicitor General of the circuit to 
 prosecute the same to judgment, and, in that event, one half 
 thereof shall go to the county, and the other half to the 
 State. 
 
 4th. Be it farther ordained, That should the question of 
 notice as prescribed for in the first section of this ordinance 
 arise, it shall not be necessary to prove actual notice to the 
 said officer, but it shall be held and construed to mean ten 
 days after reasonable time shall have elapsed to receive 
 such information by due course of mail. 
 
 Mr. Styles offered the following resolution, which was 
 taken up and read : 
 
 Resolved, That the Secretary be instructed to appoint a 
 page for the convenience of this Convention. 
 
 Mr. Fouche moved to insert " two pages" instead of a 
 pager 
 
 The motion was lost. 
 
 The motion to adopt the resolution was also lost. 
 
 The ordinance offered by Mr. Fleming "to alter and amend 
 the first section of the third article of the Constitution of 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 139 
 
 Georgia," was taken up, and, on motion of Mr. Eamsey, 
 was referred to the " Committee on the Constitution and 
 Laws of the State, and the Constitution of the United 
 States." 
 
 The report of Mr. Clarke, from the Committee on the 
 Constitution and Laws of the State, and the Constitution 
 of the United States," to- wit : A preamble and resolutions 
 in relation to reprisals — was taken up, and recommitted to 
 the same committee. 
 
 The report of Mr. Cobb, from the Commmittee on the 
 " Constitution and Laws of the State, and the Constitution 
 of the United States," to-wit : The " Bill of Eights"— was 
 taken up, and, on motion, was postponed for the present. 
 
 Mr. Anderson's preamble and resolutions in relation to 
 " Direct Trade," was taken up, and on motion of Mr. Styles, 
 was postponed for the present. 
 
 Leave of absence was granted to Messrs. Porter, Bailey, 
 and Wofford for a few days. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Eice, the Convention then went into 
 secret session, and having spent some time therein, the 
 Convention adjourned till eleven o'clock to-morrow morn- 
 ing. 
 
 SATUEDAY, MAECH 9, 1861. 
 
 The Convention met pursuant to adjournment, and was 
 opened with prayer by the Eev. Mr. Crawford. 
 
 A quorum beiug present the journal was read. 
 
 On motion, the journal of yesterday when in. secret ses- 
 sion, was read, secrecy having been removed from the pro- 
 ceedings of the Convention of that day. 
 
 The President announced the following committee in ac- 
 cordance with the resolution of Mr. Eice adopted on yester- 
 day relative to the defence of Savannah, and its approaches, 
 to-wit : 
 
140 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Messrs. Rice, Varnadoe, Burnett, Gaul den, Williams, of 
 Mcintosh, Giles, and Alexander, of Upson. 
 
 The President laid on the table a communication from 
 Messrs. Toombs, Nisbet, Stephens, Bartow, Hill, and Cobb, 
 delegates to the Congress at Montgomery, and members of 
 this Convention explanatory of their absence. 
 
 He also laid on the table a communication from General 
 John W. A. Sanford, Commissioner from Georgia to Texas, 
 which, was read, and on motion of Mr. Alexander, of Upson, 
 was laid on the table. 
 
 Mr. Varnadoe offered the following preamble and resolu- 
 tion, which were taken up and read : 
 
 Whereas, General David E. Twiggs, late of the United 
 States Army, actuated by a sense of duty and patriotism, 
 and in obedience to the allegiance due his native State, de- 
 livered upon demand to the regularly constituted authori- 
 ties of the independent State of Texas, all the property of 
 the late United States Government under his control, and 
 ordered its troops beyond the borders of said State. 
 
 Resolved, That this Convention indorse, approve, and 
 ratify his conduct in the premises, and recognize in him a 
 brave and honorable scldier, and a worthy and patriotic son 
 of Georgia. 
 
 Mr. Alexander, of Upson, offered the following amend- 
 ment to the foregoing : 
 
 Resolved, That neither General Twiggs, nor Colonel 
 Hardee, requires any vindication among their old friends 
 and neighbors in Georgia. Their defence may be found 
 written by the point of the sword upon the battle-fields of 
 their country, and upon the scarred forms of her enemies ; 
 yet this Convention but yields to a natural impulse when 
 it expresses the scorn with which the people of Georgia 
 look upon all attempts on the part of an abolition press, and 
 a venal and fanatical government to tarnish their fame, and 
 to filch from them the rewards of long lives of glorious 
 deeds and heroic doings. 
 
 The amendment was received, and the resolution, as 
 amended, was unanimously adopted. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 141 
 
 Mr. Tidwell, from the Committee on Military Affairs, 
 made the following report : 
 
 Whereas, by an ordinance passed by this Convention, Of- 
 ficers of the Army and Navy of the late United States, were 
 to be received upon their resignation, into the Army of 
 Georgia, with the same rank and pay. In conformity with 
 this ordinance,Major Myers, a Paymaster in the Navy of the 
 late United States, was appointed Paymaster by the Gov- 
 ernor, and transferred to the Pay Department of the Army 
 of Georgia : 
 
 And whereas, by an Act passed ,by the Congress of the 
 Confederate States, organizing the Staff of the Army, no 
 mention is made of Paymasters ; Quarter-masters, by this 
 act, are to do the duties of Paymasters. We, therefore, 
 recommend Major Myers for the position of Quarter master 
 in the Army of the Confederate States, with the rank as 
 held by him in the Army of Georgia ; and that the Secre- 
 tary of this Convention be instructed to forward a copy of 
 this recommendation to the Secretary of War. 
 
 The report was taken up, read and adopted. 
 
 Mr. Tidwell offered the following resolution, which was 
 taken up and read : 
 
 Resolved, That the thanks of this Convention, are due 
 and hereby tendered to R. R. Cuyler, the President of the 
 Central Railroad, together with the Directors thereof, for 
 their kindness and liberality in presenting to the delegates 
 and officers of this Convention, free tickets over said road, to 
 and from the city. Also to the city authorities for their 
 liberality and kindness in furnishing the Convention with 
 the large and comfortable Hall which it now occupies. 
 
 Resolved, That said President and Directors, with the 
 Mayor and Aldermen of the city of Savannah, be invited to 
 seats in this Convention. 
 
 Resolved, That the Secretary give to the said President 
 and Mayor notice of these resolutions. 
 
142 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Various amendments to the same were offered by Messrs. 
 Hood, Garvin, and Gaulden, pending the consideration of 
 which, on motion, the resolutions and amendments were re- 
 ferred to a committee of five to report thereon, to-wit: 
 
 Messrs. Tidwell, 
 Garvin, 
 Hood, 
 
 Gaulden and 
 Martin of Elbert. 
 
 The resolution of Mr. Crawford, of Greene, laid on the 
 table on yesterday, relative to school books of the Confede- 
 rate States of America , was taken up and read. 
 
 Mr. Fouche offered the following as a substitute for the 
 same, to-wit : 
 
 Whereas, the frequent change of text-books in our schools, 
 is not only a source of great and unneccessary expense to 
 the people of this State, but has a manifest tendency to re- 
 tard the progress of pupils in acquiring the elements of a 
 sound and practical education ; and has afforded the means 
 to the enemies of our institutions, of driving a profitable 
 trade in books, which are often made the vehicles for' im- 
 posing upon the unsuspecting and untrained minds of the 
 young, their absurd theories and dogmas upon the subject 
 of African equality, and the sinfulness of African slavery — 
 therefore, 
 
 Be it resolved by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled, 
 
 1st. That a Board of Commissioners to consist of seven 
 members, be appointed by the Governor, with the advice 
 and consent of two-thirds of the Senate, at the next session 
 of the General Assembly of this State, whose duty it shall 
 be to select, compile, or compose, a complete series of text 
 books, in every department of literature and science, which 
 upon being examined and approved by the Governor and 
 two-thirds of the Senate, shall be adopted as text books in 
 all the Schools, Academies, and Colleges in this State. 
 
 2d. That no teacher in this State, shall be entitled to 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 participate in any public fund now existing, or hereafter to 
 be raised in this State, or any county thereof, for education 
 al purposes, unless said teacher shall have adopted and used 
 the text books provided for in the foregoing resolution. 
 
 3rd, That a copy of this Preamble and Resolutions be 
 sent to his Excellency the Governor, with a request to 
 bring the the same to the attention of the General Assem- 
 bly at the opening of its next session, in order that the 
 proper steps may be taken by that body for carrying into 
 effect the measures herein set forth. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Crawford of Greene, the foregoing 
 substitute and original Preamble and Resolutions, w T ere re- 
 ferred to a Committee of seven, to report thereon, to-wit : 
 
 Messrs. Crawford of Greene, 
 Fouche, 
 Means, 
 Munnerlyn, 
 Rice, 
 Hull, and 
 SafFold. 
 
 Mr. Wofford offered the following Preamble and Resolu- 
 tions, which were taken up, read, and adopted : 
 
 Whereas, Under the Government of the United States 
 prior to the secession of Georgia there has been annually 
 paid to the Pensioners resident in said State a sum of 
 money amounting to about twenty-three thousand dollars : 
 
 1st, Resolved, That this Convention urge the Congress of 
 the Confederate States to make immediate provision for the 
 payment of the Pensioners resident in this State, the 
 amounts heretofore allowed them by the Government of 
 the United States. 
 
 2nd, Resolved, That the Secretary communicate the 
 above to the Congress of the Confederate States. 
 
 Mr. Shropshire of Floyd, fr om the Committee on Reduc- 
 tion of the General Assembly of this State, to whom was 
 committed, and recommitted, all the measures proposed in 
 the Convention for that purpose, reported the following: 
 
JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To alter and amend the 3rd, 4th, 7th, and 8th Sections 
 of the 1st Article of the Constitution of the State of 
 Georgia, and for other purposes. 
 
 1st, Be it Ordained, by the People of Georgia, in Convention 
 assembled, and it is hereby Ordained and. Declared, by the 
 authority of the same. 
 
 That from and after the adoption of this Ordinance, the 
 third Section of the first Article of the Constitution of this 
 State, shall be so altered and amended, as to read as fol- 
 lows, to- wit: 
 
 Each Congressional District in this State shall be 
 known as a Senatorial District, by the same number which 
 designates it as a Congressional District. The Senate of 
 Georgia shall be composed of forty Senators and no more ; 
 five to be chosen from each of said Districts by the legal- 
 ly qualified voters thereof, biennially, on the first Wednes- 
 day in October, until the day of election is altered by law. 
 
 2nd, Be it farther Ordained, by the authority aforesaid, 
 That the fourth Section of the first Article of the Constitu- 
 tion of Georgia shall be so altered and amended as to read 
 as follows, to-wit : 
 
 No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained 
 to the age of twenty-five years, and been five years a citi- 
 zen of this State, and shall have usually resided within 
 the district from which he shall be returned, at 
 least one year immediately preceding his election, except 
 persons who have been absent on lawful business of this 
 State, or ol the Confederate States of America. 
 
 3rd, Be it further Ordained, That the seventh Section of 
 the first Article of the Constitution of this State shall be so 
 altered and amended, as to read as follows, to-wit : 
 
 The House of Representatives shall be composed of 
 eighty-five members, and no more. Eleven from the first 
 Congressional District; thirteen from the second District ; 
 ten from the third District ; eleven from the fourth Dis- 
 trict; twelve from the fifth District; ten from the sixth 
 District ; nine from the seventh District ; and nine from the 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 145 
 
 eighth District. Said members to be elected, biennially, by 
 the legally qualified voters of each District, respectively, 
 on the first Wednesday in October, until the day of election 
 is altered by law. 
 
 4th, Be it further Ordained, That the eighth Section of 
 the first Article of the Constitution of this State be so 
 altered and amended as to read as follows, to-wit : 
 
 No person shall be a Representative who shall not have 
 attained the age of twenty-one years, and have been a citi- 
 zen of the State of Georgia five years, and have usually 
 resided in the District in which he shall be chosen one year 
 immediately preceding his election, unless he shall have 
 been absent on the public business of this State, or of the 
 Confederate States of America. 
 
 5th, Be it further Ordained, That the foregoing altera- 
 tions and amendments shall not be so construed as to vacate 
 the commission of any member of the present General 
 Assembly of Georgia. 
 
 The Report was taken up and read, when Mr. Shrop- 
 shire of Floyd moved to print 500 copies of the same for 
 the use of the Convention. 
 
 Mr. Hansell moved to lay the Report on the table till 
 the 25th day of December next. 
 
 Upon which motion a discussion ensued, pending which, 
 on motion of Mr. Hansell, the Convention adjourned till 
 eleven o'clock Monday morning. 
 
 MONDAY, MARCH 11, 1861. 
 
 The Convention met pursuant to adjournment, and was 
 opened with prayer by the Rev. Mr. Clarke. 
 
 A quorum being present, the journal was read. 
 
 The unfinished business of Saturrday, to-wit: the con- 
 sideration of Mr. Harvell's motion to lay upon the table, 
 until the 25th day of December next, the report of Mr. 
 Shropshire of Floyd, from the "Committee on Reduction 
 10 
 
146 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 of the General Assembly," was taken up and discussed ; 
 when the question being put, 
 
 On motion of Mr. Fouche, the yeas and nays were de- 
 manded to be recorded, on agreeing to the motion, and are 
 yeas 54, nays 206, to-wit : 
 
 Those who voted in the affirmative are Messrs; : 
 
 Adams of Camden, 
 Bozeman, 
 Brewton, 
 Cannon of Rabun, 
 Cannon of Wayne, 
 Carswell, 
 
 Cochran of Wilkinson, 
 
 Corn, 
 
 Fain, 
 
 Farns worth, 
 
 Fitzpatrick, 
 
 Fort of Wayne, 
 
 Frier, 
 
 Gaulden, 
 
 Oholston, 
 
 Hall, 
 
 Hammond, 
 Hansell, 
 
 Harris of Glynn, 
 
 H arris of Mcintosh, 
 
 Henderson, 
 
 Hendry, 
 
 Herrington, 
 
 Huggins, 
 
 Jones of Chatham, 
 
 Kimsey, 
 
 Lamb, 
 
 Lattimer of Appling, 
 Lattimer of Montgomery, 
 Low, 
 
 Mabry of Berrien, 
 
 McDonald, 
 
 McGrifF, 
 
 McRae, 
 
 Mershon, 
 
 Mounger, 
 
 Pickett, 
 
 Prescott, 
 
 Pruett, 
 
 Ramsey of Clinch, 
 Ramsey of Muscogee, 
 Rice, 
 
 Richardson of Twiggs, 
 
 Sirmons, 
 
 Sisk, 
 
 Stephens of Hancock, 
 
 Stephens of Pierce, 
 
 Strickland of Tatnall, 
 
 Styles, 
 
 Tomlinson, 
 
 Tucker of Colquitt, 
 
 Usry, 
 
 Williams of Mcintosh, 
 Young of Irwin. 
 
 Those who voted in the negative are Messrs. 
 
 Adams of Putnam, 
 
 Alexander of Fulton, 
 
 Alexander of Upson, 
 
 Algood, 
 
 Allen, 
 
 Anderson, 
 
 Arnold, 
 
 Banks, 
 
 Bell of Banks, 
 Beall of Forsyth, 
 
 Beall of Troup, 
 
 Benning, 
 
 Black, 
 
 Bo wen, 
 
 Briggs, 
 
 Briscoe, 
 
 Brown of Marion, 
 Brown of Webster, 
 Bryan, 
 Burch, 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 147 
 
 Bush, 
 
 Byrd, 
 
 Calhoun, 
 
 Cantrell, 
 
 Carson, 
 
 Casey, 
 
 Cheshier, 
 
 Clarke, 
 
 Cleveland, 
 
 Cochran of Terrell, 
 
 Cody, 
 
 Coleman, 
 
 Collins, 
 
 Colquitt, 
 
 Cox, 
 
 Crawford of Greene, 
 
 Dabney, 
 
 Daniel, 
 
 Davis of Chattahoochee, 
 
 Davis of Putnam, 
 
 Davenport of Clay, 
 
 Day, 
 
 Dennis, 
 
 Deupree, 
 
 Dewberry, 
 
 Dickerson; 
 
 Douglass, 
 
 Dozier, 
 
 Fleming, 
 
 Flewellen, 
 
 Fields, 
 
 Ford, 
 
 Fort of Stewart, 
 
 Fouche, 
 
 Freeman, 
 
 French, 
 
 Furlow, 
 
 Gardner, 
 
 Garvin, 
 
 Gee, 
 
 Glenn of Fulton, 
 
 Glenn of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Glover, 
 
 Giles, 
 
 Gordon, 
 
 Graham, 
 
 Gresham, 
 
 Gunn. 
 
 Hale, 
 Hamilton, 
 Hargroves, 
 Harville, 
 
 Harris of Hancock, 
 
 Harris of Merriwether, 
 
 Harvey, 
 
 Hawkins, 
 
 Head, 
 
 Hendricks, 
 
 Hill of Hart, 
 
 Hilliard, 
 
 Hines, 
 
 Hood, 
 
 Hoyal, 
 
 Hudson of Gwinnett, 
 
 Hudson of Harris, 
 
 Hull, 
 
 Hust, 
 
 Jennings, 
 
 Johnson of Clayton, 
 
 Johnson of Hall, 
 
 Johnson of Jefferson, 
 
 Johnson of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Jones of Burke, 
 
 Jordan, 
 
 Kenan, 
 
 Ketchum, 
 
 Kill gore, 
 
 Kirkland, 
 
 Knox, 
 
 Lamar of Lincoln, 
 
 Lester, 
 
 Lindley, 
 
 Logan, 
 
 Long, 
 
 Lyle, 
 
 Mabry of Heard, 
 
 Mallary, 
 
 Marshall, 
 
 Martin of Elbert, 
 
 Martin of Lumpkin, 
 
 Martin of Meriwether, 
 
 McConnell of Catoosa, 
 
 McConnell of Cherokee, 
 
 McCulloch, 
 
 McDaniel, 
 
 McLain, 
 
:S JOUENAL C 
 
 Means, 
 
 Milton,' 
 
 Mitchell, 
 
 Moore of Bulloch, 
 
 Moor of Spalding, 
 
 Montgomery, 
 
 Morrow, 
 
 Munnerlyn, 
 
 Neal of Columbia, 
 
 Neal of Talbot, 
 
 Newton, 
 
 Overstreet, 
 
 Padget, 
 
 Pariss, 
 
 Patterson, 
 
 Patrick, 
 
 Perkins, 
 
 Phinizy of Monroe, 
 
 Phinizy of Richmond, 
 
 Pierce, 
 
 Pinson, 
 
 Pittman, 
 
 Poe, 
 
 PofFord, 
 
 Ponder, 
 
 Poullain, 
 
 Price, 
 
 Reed, 
 
 Reese, 
 
 Reynolds, 
 
 Richardson of Lee, 
 
 Robinson, 
 
 Roddey, 
 
 Rutherford, 
 
 Saffold, 
 
 Sharman, 
 
 Sharpe, 
 
 Sheffield of Calhoun, 
 Sheffield of Early, 
 Shropshire of Chattooga, 
 Shropshire of Floyd, 
 Slater, 
 Skelton, 
 
 Simmons of Pickens, 
 Simms, 
 
 So the motion was lost. 
 Leave of absence was grants 
 
 p THE 
 
 Singleton, 
 Smith of DeKalb, 
 Smith of Johnson, 
 Smith of Talbot, 
 Solomons, 
 Spencer, 
 Spence, 
 Stapleton, 
 Starr, 
 
 Stephens of Monroe, 
 Street, 
 
 Strickland of Forsyth ? , 
 
 Taliaferro, 
 
 Teasley, 
 
 Thomas of Dooly, 
 
 Thomas of Whitfield, 
 
 Ti dwell, 
 
 Trippe, 
 
 Troup, 
 
 Tucker of Laurens, 
 
 Turner of Hancock, 
 
 Turner of Wilcox, 
 
 Varnadoe, 
 
 Walton, 
 
 Warner, 
 
 Waterhouse, 
 
 Webb, 
 
 Wellborn, 
 
 West, 
 
 Welchel, 
 
 Whitehead, 
 
 Wicker, 
 
 Willingham, 
 
 Williams of Chattooga, 
 
 Williams of Harris, 
 
 Williamson, 
 
 Willis, 
 
 Winn of Cobb, 
 
 Winn of Gwinnett, 
 
 Wood, 
 
 Word, 
 
 Wright, 
 
 Yates, 
 
 Yopp. 
 
 Young of Gordon, 
 d to Messrs. Robertson, of 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 149 
 
 Wilkes, Burnett, of Clay, Ellington, of Quitman, and Buch- 
 anan, of Early. 
 
 The Convention then adjourned till eleven o'clock, to- 
 morrow morning. 
 
 TUESDAY, MARCH 12, 1S61. 
 
 The Convention met pursuant to adjournment, and was 
 opened with prayer by the Rev. Mr. Porter. 
 
 A quorum being present, the journal was read. 
 
 The President laid upon the table a communication from 
 the Hon. Charles C. Jones, Mayor of the. City of Savannah, 
 and from Col. A. R. Lawton, Commanding at Fort Pulaski, 
 inviting this body to visit that Fort, and advising it that a 
 steamer was provided for that purpose. 
 
 The communications on motion of Mr. Whitehead, were 
 taken up and read, when Mr. Alexander, of Upson, offered 
 the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That this Convention accept the invitations of 
 the city authorities of Savannah, and of Col. Lawton, in 
 command at Fort Pulaski, to visit that Fort, and that the 
 Convention would indicate Thursday next at 9 o'clock A. 
 M. as the time for said visit. 
 
 Resolved, That the Secretary of this Convention commu- 
 nicate this acceptance to the city authorities, and to Col. 
 Lawton. 
 
 Mr. Fouche offered the following ordinance which was 
 read : 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To transfer to the Government of the Confederate States of 
 America, the occupancy and use of the Forts and Arsenals 
 in this State, and also to turn over to said Government, 
 the arms and munitions of war, found in said Forts and 
 Arsenals at the time of their occupancy by the authori- 
 ties of this State, and for other purposes. 
 
 Section 1st. Be it ordained by the people of Georgia, in 
 
150 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Convention assembled, That the direction and management 
 of all military affairs in this State, looking to the common 
 defence of this State, and the other States of the Confede- 
 rate States of America, against any attack npon them, or 
 any of them, by any foreign power, shrll be and is hereby 
 transferred to the Government of the Confederate States of 
 America. 
 
 Sec. 2d. Be it further ordained,. That the Governor of this 
 State be, and he is hereby authorized and directed to trans- 
 fer to the Government of the Confederate States of Ameri- 
 all arms and munitions of war, acquired from the late 
 United States, in the Forts and Arsenals in this State, to- 
 gether with the possession, occupany, and use of said Forts 
 and Arsenals and their appurtenances; andheis hereby furth- 
 er authorized to make the same disposition of any arms or 
 munitions of war belonging to this State, muskets, rifles, and 
 other small arms excepted, taking proper vouchers for all 
 the said arms, munitions of war, and other property so 
 transferred. 
 
 Messrs. Styles, Spencer, Benning, and Hudson, severally 
 laid upon the table amendments to the report of the Com- 
 mittee on Reduction of the General Assembly, which were 
 read. 
 
 Mr. Styles laid on the table the following ordinance and 
 and resolution, which were read : 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To appropriate money for the use of the Confederate States 
 
 of America. 
 
 Section 1st. Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in 
 Convention assembled, and it is hereby ordained by the authority of 
 the same, That his Excellency the Governor, be and he is 
 hereby authorized and required to tender to the Government 
 of the Confederate States of America, the sum of five hund- 
 red thousand dollars to be placed in the Treasury of said 
 Government as a common fund for such purposes as circum- 
 stances and the exigencies of the times may demand. 
 
GEOKGTA CONVENTION. 
 
 Sec. 2d. Be it further ordained, That for the purpose of 
 carrying out the foregoing section, his Excellency be fur- 
 ther authorized to issue the bonds of the State in such sums 
 and payable at such time as he shall deem most expedient, 
 bearing seven per centum interest, payable annually. 
 
 Resolved, That his Excellency the Governor, be and he 
 is hereby authorized and instructed to furnish side arms to 
 all officers of Military Companies, who have or who may 
 hereafter draw arms from the State. 
 
 Mr. Styles offered the following resolution which was 
 read, and laid on the table. 
 
 Resolved, That all the plans for the reduction of the 
 Legislature, be printed and referred to the people, and that 
 we recommend that a Convention be held on the -ith day 
 of J uly next, to consider the same. 
 
 Mr. Warner offered the following resolution, which was 
 taken up, read, and laid on the table. 
 
 Resolved, That the various propositions reported for the 
 reduction of the members of the Legislature, be recommit- 
 ted to the committee with instructions to report the substi- 
 tute offered by the delegate from Richmond, for the major- 
 ity report of the committee. 
 
 The regular order of the day, to-wit : the unfinished busi- 
 ness of yesterday, being the report of the Committee on Re- 
 duction, was taken up, the question being on Mr. Shrop- 
 shire's, (of Floyd) motion, to print 500 copies of the same. 
 
 The motion was withdrawn, when Mr. Johnson, of Clay- 
 ton, offered the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That the question of reduction of the General As- 
 sembly, be made the special order for to-morrow, 12 o'clock. 
 M.. and that 300 copies of the report of the committee, and 
 the substitute to the same, together., with all the amend- 
 ments, be printed for the use of the Convention. 
 
 The resolution was read. 
 
 The report of the committee was then taken up by sec- 
 tions. 
 
152 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 The first section having been read, Mr. Garvin moved to 
 amend the same, by striking out all after the words " no 
 more" and inserting the following : 
 
 Four from each Senatorial District. There shall be ten 
 districts, arranged as follows : 
 
 The Fiest District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Appling, Bryan, Bulloch, Chatham, Camden, Charlton, 
 Clinch, Coffee, Effingham, Emanuel, Glynn, Liberty, Mc- 
 intosh, Montgomery, Pierce, Screven, Telfair, Tatnall, 
 Ware, and Wayne. 
 
 The Second District shall be composed of the counties 
 of Baker, Berrien, Brooks, Calhoun, Clay, Colquitt, Dooly, 
 Decatur, Dougherty, Early, Echols, Irwin, Lee, Lowndes, 
 Mitchell, Miller, Randolph, Terrell, Thomas, Wilcox, and 
 Worth. 
 
 The Third District shall be composed of the counties 
 of Chattahoochee, Harris, Muscogee, Marion, Macon, Quit- 
 man, Stewart, Sumter, Schley, Taylor, Talbot, and Web- 
 ster. 
 
 The Fourth District shall be composed of the counties 
 of Baldwin, Bibb, Crawford, Jones, Jasper, Houston, Lau- 
 rens, Putnam, Pulaski, Twiggs, and Wilkinson. 
 
 The Fifth District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Burke, Columbia, Glasscock, Hancock, Jefferson, Johnson, 
 Lincoln, Richmond, Warren, Wilkes, and Washington. 
 
 The Sixth District shall be composed of the counties 
 Clark, Elbert, Franklin, Green, Hart, Madison, Morgan, 
 Newton, Oglethorpe, Taliaferro, and Walton. 
 
 The Seventh District shall be composed of the counties 
 of Butts, Clayton, Fayette, Henry, Merriwether, Monroe, 
 Pike, Spalding, Troup, and Upson. 
 
 The Eighth District shall be composed of the counties 
 of Campbell, Carroll, Cobb, Coweta, DeKalb, Fulton, Haral- 
 son, Heard, Paulding, and Polk. 
 
 The Ninth District shall be composed of the counties 
 of Banks, Cherokee, Dawson, Forsyth, Gwinnett, Haber- 
 sham, Hall, Jackson, Lumpkin, Milton, Pickens, Rabun, 
 Towns, Union, and White. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 153 
 
 The Tenth District shall be composed of the counties 
 of Cass, Catoosa, Chattooga, Dade, Fajmin, Floyd, Gordon, 
 Gilmer, Murray, Walker, and Whitfield. 
 
 At the first election held under this ordinance, there shall 
 be fouf Senators elected from each Senatorial District,two of 
 whom shall hold their office for two years, and two for four 
 years ; and the first Senator elected for each district, shall 
 be divided into two classes by lot, as soon as the Senate 
 shall convene and organize. At every subsequent election 
 which shall be held biennially, each district shall elect two 
 Senators who shall hold their office for four years. After 
 each future enumeration of the inhabitants of the State, 
 made under the laws and constitution thereof, the General 
 Assembly, at its next session, may re-arrange the foregoing 
 Senatorial Districts in such manner as will, as nearly as prac- 
 ticable, give to each an equal representative popula- 
 tion. 
 
 Mr. Clarke offered as an amendment and substitute for 
 both, the following : 
 
 The Senate shall consist of forty-four members, and the 
 State shall be divided into twenty-two Senatorial Districts, 
 each of which shall consist of six contiguous counties, to be 
 arranged by the General Assembly, and be entitled to two 
 Senators, both of whom shall not be chosen from any one 
 county. When a new county is organized, it shall, by the 
 General Assembly be added to some district which it may 
 adjoin, and in such event, such district may consist of more 
 than six counties. If the act organizing any county shall 
 be repealed, the district which embraced said county may 
 contain less than six counties. 
 
 Mr. Johnson, of Hall, introduced a resolution that the 
 several plans for the reduction of the Legislature, be laid 
 on the table for the present, but before the decision of which, 
 a motion to adjourn was offered and carried; accordingly, 
 after granting leave of absence to Mr. Anderson of Chatham, 
 the Convention adjourned till 10 o'clock to-morrow mom- 
 ma-. 
 
154 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 WEDNESDAY, MARCH 13, 1861. 
 
 The Convention met persuant to adjournment, and was 
 opened with prayer by the Rev. Dr. Rosenfeld. 
 
 A quorum being present, the Journal was read. 
 
 Mr. Robinson of Macon offered the following Resolu- 
 tion : 
 
 Resolved, That no delegate of the Convention shall be 
 allowed to draw his per diem pay for the day the Convention 
 visits Fort Pulaski. 
 
 The Resolution was read. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Fouche, the Ordinance introduced by 
 him on yesterday, "To transfer to the Government of the 
 Confederate States of America, the occupancy and use of 
 the Forts and Arsenals in this State, and also to turn over 
 to said Government the arms and munitions of war found 
 in said Forts and Arsenals at the time of their occupancy 
 by the authorities of this State, and for other purposes," 
 was referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. 
 
 Mr. T id well, from the Special Committee of seven, made 
 the following 
 
 REPORT : 
 
 The Special Committee to whom was referred the 
 original Resolutions, together with the several amendments, 
 tendering the thanks of the Convention to the President 
 and Directors of the Central and other Rail Road Com- 
 panies ; and also to the city authorities of Savannah, for 
 their kindness and liberality to the Convention, beg leave 
 to offer for the consideration of the Convention, the fol- 
 lowing Resolutions, as a substitute, and in lieu of said 
 original and amendments : 
 
 Resolved, That the thanks of this Convention are due and 
 hereby tendered to the Presidents and Directors of the 
 Central, South-Western, Savannah & Augusta, Atlantic & 
 Gulf, and the Savannah, Albany & Gulf Railroads, for their 
 kindness and liberality in passing all the delegates and 
 officers of this Convention who traveled over their respec- 
 tive roads, free of charge, and to the officers of the Savan- 
 nah, Albany & Gulf and Atlantic & Gulf Railroad, f©r 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 155 
 
 their liberality in returning delegates, free of charge, from 
 the late session of this Convention at Milledgeville. Also, 
 to the Mayor and Aldermen of the city of Savannah, for 
 furnishing the Convention, free of charge, with a large 
 and comfortable Hall. 
 
 Your committee cannot, although not specially charged 
 with the duty, withhold an expression of their gratitude to 
 the officers of those Railroads who have so generously and 
 patriotically passed recruits to the army over their roads, 
 free of charge, or for a mere nominal sum. Such acts of 
 patriotism extended to those who make a voluntary tender 
 of their services and offer their lives, (if necessary,) in de- 
 fense of an insulted, injured, and oppressed people — should 
 have a place in the history of the country, as well as entitle 
 such companies to the confidence and support of a generous 
 people. 
 
 Resolved, That the Presidents, Directors and Superin- 
 tendents of said Railroads, together with the Mayor and 
 Aldermen of the city of Savannah, be, and they are hereby 
 invited to seats in this Convention, w T hen not in secret ses- 
 sion. 
 
 Resolved, That the Secretary give notice of these Resolu- 
 tions to the Presidents of said roads, and the Mayor of the 
 city. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Tidwell, the rule w r as suspended, and 
 the Report was taken up, read, and adopted. 
 
 The President laid upon the table a telegraphic dispatch 
 from the Hon. Howell Cobb, President of the Congress of 
 the Confederate States of America, dated at Montgomery, 
 the 12th instant, in which he advised the President of this 
 Convention, that he had mailed to him a copy of the Con- 
 stitution ; which was taken up and read. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Reese, the rule was suspended, w T hen 
 he introduced the following Resolution, which was taken 
 up, read, and adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That the Committee on Printing be, and they 
 are hereby instructed, so soon as an authenticated copy 
 of the permanent Constitution adopted by the Congress at 
 Montgomery, shall be received by the President of this 
 
156 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Convention, to have 500 copies of the same printed for the 
 use of the Convention. 
 
 The Resolution of Mr. Johnson of Hall, to lay all mat- 
 ters in relation to Reduction, on the table, being first in 
 order, was taken up and the Resolution was lost. 
 
 The amendment of Mr. Clarke to Mr. Garvin's amend- 
 ment of the first section of the Ordinance reported by the 
 Committee on Reduction, and substitute for both the 
 amendment and original, being next in order, was taken up. 
 
 Mr. Clarke moved for a division of the subject matter of 
 his amendment and substitute, to-wit : to strike out for the 
 present in his proposition, the words "to be arranged by 
 the General Assembly," and to consider first the remainder 
 of his amendment. 
 
 The motion to "strike out" and divide prevailed. 
 
 Mr. Chastain moved to strike out "twenty-two" — the 
 number of Senatorial Districts proposed — and insert "forty- 
 four." 
 
 Mr. Stapleton moved to divide that motion— first to put 
 the question upon striking out; and second, upon insert- 
 ing. 
 
 The motion prevailed. 
 
 And the motion to "strike out" twenty-two, the number 
 of Senatorial Districts, also prevailed. 
 
 Mr. Chastain moved to fill the blank with "forty-four," as 
 the number of Senatorial Districts. 
 
 The motion prevailed. 
 
 The amendment and substitute was further amended by 
 striking out the word "six," wherever it occurred, and in- 
 serting "three;" also to strike out "two Senators," and 
 insert "one Senator." 
 
 The question then came up on the adoption of the amend- 
 ment and substitute, ' when the yeas and nays were de- 
 manded to be recorded. 
 
 There are yeas 173, nays 100, to-wit • 
 
 Those who voted in the affirmative, are Messrs. 
 
 Adams of Camden, Banks, 
 
 Alexander of Upson, Bartow, 
 
 Algood, Beasley, 
 
 Allen, Bell of Banks, 
 
6 EOB G I A CONVEXTI 0 X . 
 
 157 
 
 Black. 
 
 Gee, 
 
 Bowen. 
 
 Gholston. 
 
 Bozeman, 
 
 Giles, 
 
 Brewton, 
 
 Gordon, 
 
 BriggS; 
 
 Gunn, 
 
 Briscoe. 
 
 Hale. 
 
 Brown of Houston. 
 
 Hall, 
 
 Brown of Webster. 
 
 Hammond, 
 
 Bryan, 
 
 Hansell, 
 
 Bush, 
 
 Harvill. 
 
 Butts, 
 
 Harris of Glynn, 
 
 Cannon of Babun, 
 
 Harris of Mcintosh, 
 
 Cannon of Wayne, 
 
 Hawkins, 
 
 Carson, 
 
 Henderson, 
 
 Carswell, 
 
 Hendry, 
 
 Chastain, 
 
 Hendricks, 
 
 Che shier, 
 
 Herrin2ton. 
 
 Clarke, ' 
 
 Hill of Hart. 
 
 Cieaveland, 
 
 Hiiliard, 
 
 Cochran of Terrell, 
 
 Hines. 
 
 Cochran of Wilkinson, 
 
 Hoval. 
 
 Coleman, 
 
 Hood. 
 
 Colquitt, 
 
 Howell. 
 
 Corn, 
 
 Hudson of Gwinnett, 
 
 Cox, 
 
 Huggins, 
 
 Daniel, 
 
 Hust. 
 
 Davis of Cbattaooochee, 
 
 Jackson, 
 
 Davenport of Clay. 
 
 Johnson of Clayton, 
 
 Davenport of Sumter. 
 
 Johnson of Jefferson, 
 
 Day, 
 
 Jones of Chatham. 
 
 Dennis, 
 
 Jordan, 
 
 Deupree. 
 
 Kimsey. 
 
 Douglass. 
 
 Kirkland, 
 
 Dozier, 
 
 Lamb. 
 
 Fain, 
 
 Lattiiner of Appling. 
 
 Farnsworth, 
 
 La t rimer of Montgomery, 
 
 Flemmir. 
 
 Lester. 
 
 Flewellen. 
 
 Logue, 
 
 Fields, 
 
 LyTe. 
 
 Fitzpatrick. 
 
 Mabrv of Berrien, 
 
 Ford, 
 
 Mallarv. 
 
 Fort of Stewart, 
 
 Marshall, 
 
 Fort of Wayne, 
 
 Martin of Elbert, 
 
 Frier. 
 
 McConnell of Catoosa, 
 
 French, 
 
 McConneU of Cherokee, 
 
 Furlow, 
 
 McCulloch, 
 
 Gaulden, 
 
 McDonald. 
 
 Gardner. 
 
 McGrnf, 
 
158 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 McLain, 
 
 McLeod, 
 
 McRae, 
 
 Mershon, 
 
 Milton, 
 
 Mitchell, 
 
 Moore of Bulloch, 
 
 Morrow, 
 
 Mounger, 
 
 Munnerlyn, 
 
 Overstreet, 
 
 Padget, 
 
 Paris, 
 
 Patterson, 
 
 Pickett, 
 
 Pitts, 
 
 Pofford, 
 
 Ponder, 
 
 Porter, 
 
 Prescott, 
 
 Price, 
 
 Pruett, 
 
 Ramsey of Clinch, 
 Reed, 
 
 Richardson of Lee, 
 
 Richardson of Twiggs, 
 
 Robinson, 
 
 Roddey, 
 
 Rutherford, 
 
 Sheffield of Calhoun, 
 
 Sheffield of Early, 
 
 Slater, 
 
 Skelton, 
 
 Simmons of Pickens, 
 Simms, 
 
 Those who voted in the 
 
 Adams of Putnam, 
 Alexander of Fulton, 
 Arnold, 
 
 Bell of Forsyth, 
 Beall of Troup, 
 Benning, 
 
 Brown of Marion, 
 Burch, 
 Byrd, 
 Calhoun, 
 Casey, 
 
 Sirmons, 
 Sisk, 
 
 Smith of Charlton, 
 Smith of Johnson, 
 Smith of Talbot, 
 Solomons, 
 Spencer, 
 Stapleton, 
 
 Stephens of Monroe, 
 
 Stephens of Pierce, 
 
 Strickland of Tatnall, 
 
 Styles, 
 
 Taliaferro, 
 
 Teasley, 
 
 Thomas of Dooly, 
 Tillman, 
 Tomlinson, 
 Troup, 
 
 Tucker of Colquitt, 
 
 Tucker of Laurens, 
 
 Turner of Wilcox, 
 
 Usry, 
 
 Webb, 
 
 Wellborn, 
 
 West, 
 
 Whelchel, 
 
 Whitehead, 
 
 Williams of Mcintosh, 
 
 Williamson, 
 
 Winn of Cobb, 
 
 Winn of Gwinnett, 
 
 Yates, 
 
 Yopp, 
 
 Young of Irwin. 
 
 negative are Messrs. 
 Collins, 
 
 Crawford of Greene, 
 Crawford of Richmond. 
 Dabney, 
 
 Davis of Putnam, 
 Dewberry, 
 Dickerson, 
 Fouche, 
 Freeman, 
 Garvin, 
 
 Glenn of Fulton, 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 159 
 
 Glenn of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Glover, 
 
 Graham, 
 
 Gray, 
 
 Gresham, 
 
 Haines, 
 
 Hamilton, 
 
 Hargroves, 
 
 Harris of Hancock, 
 
 Harris of Merriwether, 
 
 Harvey. 
 
 Head, 
 
 Hill of Troup, 
 
 Hudson of Harris, 
 
 Hull, 
 
 Jennings, 
 
 Johnson of Hall, 
 
 Johnson of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Jones of Burke, 
 
 Kenan, 
 
 Ketchum, 
 
 Kill gore, 
 
 Knox, 
 
 Lamar of Lincoln, 
 
 Lamar of Bibb, 
 
 Low, 
 
 Lindley, 
 
 Logan, 
 
 Long, 
 
 Mabry of Heard, 
 Man son, 
 
 Martin of Lumpkin, 
 Martin of Merriwether, 
 McDaniel, 
 Means, 
 
 Moor of Spalding, 
 Montgomery, 
 Neil of Columbia, 
 Neil of Talbot, 
 
 Newton, 
 Patrick, 
 
 Phinizy of Monroe, 
 Phinizy of Richmond, 
 Pierce, 
 Pinson, 
 Pittman, 
 Poe, 
 
 Poullain, 
 
 Ramsey of Muscogee, 
 Reese, 
 Reynolds, 
 Rice, 
 Shannon, 
 Sharpe, 
 Shell, 
 
 Shropshire of Chattooga, 
 Shropshire of Floyd, 
 Singleton, 
 Spence, 
 Starr, 
 
 Stephens of Hancock, 
 Street, 
 
 Strickland of Forsvth, 
 Thomas of Whitfield, 
 Tidwell, 
 Trippe, 
 
 Turner of Hancock, 
 Walton, 
 Warner, 
 Wicker, 
 Willingh'am, 
 Williams of Chattooga, 
 Williams of Harris, 
 Willis, 
 Wood, 
 Word, 
 Wright, 
 
 Young of Gordon. 
 So the amendment and substitute, as amended, to- 
 wit: "The Senate shall consist of forty-four members, and 
 the State shall be divided into forty-four Senatorial Dis- 
 tricts, each of which shall consist of three contigious coun- 
 ties, and shall be entitled to one Senator. When a new 
 county is organized, it shall, by the General Assembly, be 
 added to some District which it may adjoin, and, in such 
 event, such District may consist of more than three coun- 
 
160 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 ties. If the Act organizing any county shall be repealed, 
 the District which embraced said county, may contain less 
 than three counties;" was adopted in lieu of the original 
 and the substitute of Mr. Garvin. 
 
 Mr. Roddey moved that the Senatorial Districts bear- 
 ranged and organized by a Committee of this Convention, 
 when Mr. Styles offered the following Resolution, which 
 was accepted by Mr. Roddey, in lieu of his motion, to-wit : 
 
 Resolved, That the substitute just passed, be referred to 
 a Committee of twenty-four, three from each Congressional 
 District, who shall arrange the Districts, and report by 
 Ordinance, in accordance therewith. 
 
 The Resolution was adopted. 
 
 Mr. Styles offered the following Resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That the subject of reducing the House of Rep- 
 resentatives, and all Ordinances thereto relating, be laid 
 upon the table. 
 
 The Resolution was read. He then moved to take up 
 the same, which motion was lost. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Alexander of Fulton, the Convention 
 then adjourned till eleven o'clock, Friday morning. • 
 
 FRIDAY, MARCH 15, 1861. 
 
 The Convention met pursuant to adjournment, and was 
 opened with prayer by the Rev. Mr. Axson. 
 
 A quorum being present, the journal was read, w T hen Mr. 
 Hill, of Troup, moved to reconsider so much of the pro- 
 ceedings of yesterday as relates to the ordinance reported 
 by the Committee on the Reduction of the General Assem- 
 bly. 
 
 The motion to reconsider was lost. 
 
 A message was received from his Excellency, the Gover- 
 nor, through Mr. Waters, his Secretary, which, on motion 
 of Mr. Bartow, was laid on the table until the Convention 
 convened in secret session. 
 
Georgia c unrEirraox. 
 
 101 
 
 The President laid on the table the following communi- 
 cations : 
 
 Is:. A communication from the Hon. Howell Cobb. Pre- 
 sident of the Congress of the Confederate Stares of Amer- 
 ica, enclosing a certified copy of the " Constitution of the 
 Confederate States of America.*" adopted March 11. 1861, 
 to-wit : (which said communication was ordered to be placed 
 in true appendix of the journal of this Convention.) 
 
 CONSTITUTION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, 
 
 We. the people of the Confederate States, each State 
 acting in its sovereign and independent character, in order 
 to form a permanent federal Government, establish justice, 
 insure domestic tranqility and secure the blessings of liberty 
 to ourselves and our posterity — invoking the favor and 
 guidance of Almighty God — do ordain and establish this 
 Constitution for the Confederate States of America. 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 Section 1. 
 
 All legislative powers herein delegated shall be vested in 
 a Congress of the Confederate States, which shall consist 
 of a Senate and House of Representative?. 
 
 Section -2, 
 
 i: The House of Representatives shall be composed of 
 members chosen every second year by the people of the 
 several States : and the electors in each State shall be citi- 
 zens of the Confederate States, and have the qualifications 
 requisite for electors ol the most numerous branch of the 
 State Legislature ; but no person of foreign birth, not a 
 11 
 
162 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 citizen of the Confederate States, shall be allowed to vote 
 for any officer, civil or political, State or Federal. 
 
 2. No person shall be a Representative, who shall not 
 have attained the age of twenty-five years, and be a citizen 
 of the Confederate States, and who shall not, when elect- 
 ed,, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be 
 chosen. 
 
 3. Representatives and Direct Taxes shall be apportioned 
 among the several States, which may be included within 
 this Confederacy, according to their respective numbers, 
 which shall be determined, by adding to the whole number 
 of free persons, including those bound to service for a term 
 of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all 
 slaves. The actual enumeration shall be made within three 
 years after the first meeting of the Congress of the Con- 
 federate States, and within every subsequent term of ten 
 years, in such manner as they shall, by law, direct. The 
 number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every 
 fifty thousand, but each State shall have at least one Rep- 
 resentative ; and until such enumeration shall be made, the 
 State of South Carolina shall be entitled to choose six — the 
 State of Georgia ten — the State of Alabama nine — the State 
 of Florida two — the State of Mississippi seven — the State 
 vOf Louisiana six, and the State of Texas six. 
 
 4. When vacancies happen in the representation from any 
 State, the Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of 
 election to fill such vacancies. 
 
 5. The House of Representatives shall choose their speak- 
 er and other officers ; and shall have the sole power of im- 
 peachment ; except that any judicial or other federal officer, 
 resident and acting solely within the limits of any State, 
 may be impeached by a vote of two-thirds of both branches 
 of the Legislature thereof. 
 
 Section 3. 
 
 1. The Senate of the Confederate States shall be composed 
 of two Senators from each State, chosen for six years by the 
 legislature thereof, at the regular session next immediately 
 preceding the commencement of the term of service ; and 
 each Senator shall have one vote. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 163 
 
 2. Immediately after they shall be assembled, in conse- 
 quence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally 
 as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of 
 the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the sec- 
 ond year ; of the second class at the expiration of the fourth 
 year ; and the third class at the expiration of the sixth 
 year ; so that one-third may be chosen every second year ; 
 and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise, during 
 the recess of the legislature of any State, the Executive 
 thereof may make temporary appointments until the next 
 meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such va- 
 cancies. 
 
 3. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have at- 
 tained the age of thirty years, and be a citizen of the Con- 
 federate States ; and who shall not, when elected, be an 
 inhabitant of the State for which he shall be chosen. 
 
 4. The Vice-President of the Confederate States shall be 
 President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they 
 be equally divided. 
 
 5. The Senate shall choose their other officers ; and also 
 a President pro tempore in the absence of the Yice-President, 
 or when he shall exercise the office of President of the 
 Confederate States. 
 
 6. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all im- 
 peachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be 
 on oath or affirmation. When the President of the Con- 
 federate States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside ; 
 and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence 
 of two-thirds of the members present. 
 
 7. Judgment, in cases of impeachment shall not extend 
 further than to removal from office, and disqualification to 
 hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit, under 
 the Confederate States; but the party convicted shall, 
 nevertheless, be liable and subject to indictment, trial, 
 judgment and punishment according to law. 
 
 Section 4. 
 
 1. The times, places and manner of holding elections 
 for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in 
 each State by the Legislature thereof, subject to the pro- 
 visions of this Constitution; but the Congress may, at any 
 
164 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to 
 the times and places of choosing Senators. 
 
 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every 
 year; and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in 
 December, unless they shall, by law, appoint a different 
 day. 
 
 Section 5. 
 
 1. Each House shall be judge of the elections, returns 
 and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of 
 each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a 
 smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be 
 authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, 
 in such manner and under such penalties as each House 
 may provide. 
 
 2. Each House may determine the rules of its proceed- 
 ings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with 
 the concurrence of two-thirds of the whole number, expel 
 a member. 
 
 3. Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, 
 and from time to time publish the same, excepting such 
 parts as may, in their judgment require secresy ; and the 
 yeas and nays of the members of either House, on any 
 question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, 
 be entered on the journal. 
 
 4. Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, 
 without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than 
 three days, nor to any other place than that in which the 
 two Houses shall be sitting. 
 
 Section 6. 
 
 1. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a com- 
 pensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and 
 paid out of the treasury of the Confederate States, They 
 shall, in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the 
 peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at 
 the session of their respective Houses, and in going to and 
 returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in 
 either House, they shall not be questioned in any other 
 place. 
 
 2. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time 
 for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 165 
 
 under the authority of the Confederate States, which shall 
 have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have 
 been increased during such time ; and no person holding 
 -any office under the Confederate States shall be a member 
 of either House during his continuance in office. But 
 Congress may, by law, grant to the principal officer in each 
 of the Executive Departments a seat upon the floor of 
 either House, with the privilege of discussing any measures 
 appertaining to his department. 
 
 Section 7. 
 
 1. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the 
 House of Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or 
 concur with amendments as on other bills. 
 
 2. Every bill which shall have passed both Houses, shall, 
 before it becomes a law, be presented to the President of 
 the Confederate States ; if he approve, he shall sign it; but 
 if not, he shall return it with his objections to that House 
 in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the ob- 
 jections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider 
 it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that House 
 shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with 
 the objections, to the other House, by which it shall like- 
 wise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that 
 House, it shall become a law. But in all such cases, the 
 votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays., 
 and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill 
 shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. 
 If any bill shall not be returned by the President within 
 ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been pre- 
 sented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if 
 he had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, 
 prevent its return ; in w T hich case it shall not be a law. 
 
 The President may approve any appropriation and dis- 
 approve any other appropriation in the same bill. In such 
 case he shall, in signing the bill, designate the appropria- 
 tions disapproved ; and shall return a copy of such appro- 
 priations, with his objections, to the House in which the 
 bill shall have originated ; and the same proceedings shall 
 then be had as in case of other bills disapproved by the 
 President. 
 
166 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 3. Every order, resolution or vote, to which the concur- 
 rence of both Houses may be necessary (except on a ques- 
 tion of adjournment) shall be presented to the President of 
 the Confederate States ; and before the same shall take 
 effect, shall be approved by him; or being disapproved by 
 him, shall be re-passed by two-thirds of both Houses ac- 
 cording to the rules and limitations prescribed in case of a 
 bill. 
 
 Section 8. 
 
 The Congress shall have power — 
 
 1. To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, 
 for revenue necessary to pay the debts, provide for the 
 common defence, and carry on the government of the Con- 
 federate States; but no bounties shall be granted from the 
 treasury; nor shall any duties or taxes on importations 
 from foreign nations be laid to promote or foster any branch 
 of industry; and all duties, imposts, and excises shall be 
 uniform throughout the Confederate States : 
 
 2. To borrow money on the credit of the Confederate 
 States : 
 
 3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and 
 among the several States, and with the Indian tribes ; but 
 neither this, nor any other clause contained in the constitu- 
 tion, shall ever be construed to delegate the power to Con- 
 gress to appropriate money to any internal improvement 
 intended to facilitate commerce ; except for the purpose of 
 furnishing lights, beacons, and buoys, and other aids to 
 navigation upon the coasts, and the improvement of harbors 
 and the removing of obstructions in river navigation, in 
 all which cases, such duties shall be laid on the navigation 
 facilitated thereby, as may be necessary to pay the costs 
 and expenses thereof : 
 
 4. To establish uniform laws of naturalization, and uni- 
 form laws on the subject of bankruptcies, throughout the 
 Confederate States, but no law of Congress shall discharge 
 any debt contracted before the passage of the same : 
 
 5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof and of 
 foreign coin, and fix the standard of measures : 
 
 6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the 
 securities and current coin of the Confederate States : 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 167 
 
 7. To establish post offices and post routes ; but the ex- 
 penses of the post office department, after the first day of 
 March, in the year of our Lord eight hnndred and sixty- 
 three, shall be paid out of its own revenues : 
 
 8. To promote the progress of science and useful arts, 
 by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the 
 exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries : 
 
 9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court : 
 
 10. To define and punish piracies and felonies committed 
 on the high seas, and offences against the law of nations : 
 
 11. To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, 
 and make rules concerning captures on land and water: 
 
 12. To raise and support armies; but no appropriation 
 of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two 
 years : 
 
 13. To provide and maintain a navy : 
 
 14. To make rules for the government and regulation of 
 the land and naval forces : 
 
 15. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute 
 the laws of the Confederate States, suppress insurrections, 
 and repel invasions : 
 
 16. To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining 
 the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be 
 employed in the service of the Confederate States, respec- 
 tively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority 
 of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed 
 by Congress : 
 
 17. To exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases what- 
 soever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) 
 as may, by cession of one or more States and the accep- 
 tance of Congress, become the seat of the Government of 
 the Confederate States ; and to exercise like authority over 
 all places purchased by the consent of the Legislature of 
 the State in which the same shall be, for the erection of 
 forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful 
 buildings: and 
 
 13. To make all laws which shall be necessary and 
 proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, 
 and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the 
 government of the Confederate States, or in any depart- 
 ment or officer thereof. 
 
163 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Section 9. 
 
 1. The importation of negroes of the African race, from 
 any foreign country, other than the slaveholding States or 
 Territories of the United States of America, is hereby for 
 bidden ; and Congress is required to pass such laws as shall 
 effectually prevent the same. 
 
 2. Congress shall also have power to prohibit the intro- 
 duction of slaves from any State not a member of, or Ter- 
 ritory not belonging to this Confederacy. 
 
 3. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not 
 be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion 
 the public safety may require it. 
 
 4. No bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law denying 
 or impairing the right of property in negro slaves shall be 
 passed. 
 
 5. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless 
 in proportion to the census or enumeration hereinbefore 
 directed to be taken. 
 
 (>. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from 
 any State, evcept by a vote of two-thirds of both Houses. 
 
 7. No preference shall be given by any regulation of 
 commerce or revenue to the ports of one State over those 
 of another. 
 
 8. No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in 
 consequence of appropriations made by law ; and a regular 
 statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of 
 all public money shall be published from time to time. 
 
 9. Congress shall appropriate no money from the treasury 
 except by a vote of two-thirds of both Houses, taken by 
 yeas and nays, unless it be asked and estimated for by some 
 one of the heads of Department, and submitted to Congress 
 by the President ; or for the purpose of paying its own ex- 
 penses and contingencies ; or for the payment of claims 
 against the Confederate States, the justice of which shall 
 have been judicially declared by a tribunal for the investi- 
 gation of claims against the government, which it is hereby 
 made the duty of Congress to establish. 
 
 10. All bills appropriating money shall specify in federal 
 currency the exact amount of each appropriation and the 
 purposes for which it is made ; and Congress shall grant no 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 169 
 
 ■extra compensation to any public contractor, officer, agent 
 or servant, after such contract shall have been made or such 
 service rendered. 
 
 11. No title of nobility shall be granted by the Confede- 
 rate States ; and no person holding any office of profit or 
 trust under them, shall, without the consent of the Con- 
 gress, accept of any present, emolument, office or title of 
 any kind whatever from any king, prince or foreign State. 
 
 12. Congress shall make no law respecting an establish- 
 ment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; 
 or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press ; or the 
 right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the 
 government for a redress of grievances. 
 
 13. A well regulated militia being necessary to the secu- 
 rity of a free State, the right of the people to keep and 
 bear arms shall not be infringed. 
 
 14. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any 
 house without the consent of the owner ; nor in time of 
 war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. 
 
 15. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, 
 houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches 
 and seizures, shall not be violated ; and no warrants shall 
 issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affir- 
 mation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, 
 and the persons or things to be seized. 
 
 16. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or 
 otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or in- 
 dictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the 
 land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual ser- 
 vice, in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person 
 be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy 
 of life or limb ; nor be compelled, in any criminal case, to 
 be a witness against himself; nor be deprived of life, liber- 
 ty, or property, without due process of law ; nor shall pri- 
 vate property be taken for public use, without just compen- 
 sation. 
 
 17. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy 
 the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury 
 of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been 
 committed, which district shall have been previously ascer- 
 
170 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 tained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause 
 of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses 
 against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining wit- 
 nesses in his favor; and to have the assistance of counsel 
 for his defence. 
 
 18. In suits at common law, where the value in contro- 
 versy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury 
 shall be preserved ; and no fact so tried by a jury shall be 
 otherwise re-examined in any court of the Confederacy, 
 than according to the rules of the common law. 
 
 19. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive 
 fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 
 
 20. Every law or resolution having the force of law, shall 
 relate to but one subject, and that shall be expressed in the 
 title. 
 
 Section 10. 
 
 1. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or con- 
 federation ; grant letters of marque and reprisal, coin money; 
 make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in pay- 
 ment of debts ; pass any bill of attainder, or ex 'post facto 
 law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts : or grant 
 any title of nobility. 
 
 2. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, 
 lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except 
 what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspec- 
 tion laws ; and the nett produce of all duties and imposts, 
 laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the use 
 of the treasury of the Confederate States ; and all such 
 laws shall be subject to the revision and control of Con- 
 gress. 
 
 3. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay 
 any duty on tonnage, except on sea-going vessels, for the 
 improvement of its rivers and harbors navigated by the 
 said vessels ; but such duties shall not conflict with any 
 treaties of the Confederate States with foreign nations ; 
 and any surplus revenue, thus derived, shall, after making 
 such improvement, be paid into the common treasury. Nor 
 shall an}^ State keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, 
 enter into any agreement or compact with another State, 
 or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 172 
 
 invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of 
 delay. But when any river divides or flows through two 
 or more States, they may enter into compacts with each 
 other to improve the navigation thereof. 
 
 ARTICLE II. 
 
 Section 1. 
 
 1. The executive power shall be vested in a President of 
 the Confederate States of America. He and the Vice-Pre- 
 sident shall hold their offices for the term of six years ; but 
 the President shall not be re-elisrible. The President and 
 
 o 
 
 Vice President shall be elected as follows : 
 
 2. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the legis- 
 lature thereof may direct, a number of electors equal to 
 the whole number of Senators and Representatives to 
 which the State may be entitled in the Congress ; but no 
 Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of 
 trust or profit under the Confederate States, shall be ap- 
 pointed an elector. 
 
 3. The electors shall meet in their respective States and 
 vote by ballot for President and Vice President, one of 
 whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same 
 State with themselves; they shall name in their ballots 
 the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots 
 the person voted for as Vice President, and they shall make 
 distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of 
 all persons voted for as Vice President, and of the number 
 of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, 
 and transmit, sealed, to the seat of government of the 
 Confederate States, directed to the President of the Senate; 
 the President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the 
 Senate and House of Representatives, open all the cer- 
 tificates, and the votes shall then be counted ; the person 
 having the greatest number of votes for President shall be 
 the President, if such number be a majority of the whole 
 number of electors appointed; and if no such person have 
 such majority, then, from the persons having the highest 
 numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for 
 as President, the House of Representatives shall choose im- 
 mediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the 
 
172 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 President, the votes shall be taken by states, the represen- 
 tation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this 
 purpose shall consist of a member or members from two- 
 thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be 
 necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representa- 
 tives shall not choose a President, whenever the right of 
 choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of 
 March next following, then the Vice President shall act as 
 President, as in case of the death, or other constitutional 
 disability of the President. 
 
 4. The person having the greatest number of votes as 
 Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number 
 be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; 
 and if no person have a majority, then, from the two high- 
 est numbers on the list the Senate shall choose the Vice- 
 President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two- 
 thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of 
 the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. 
 
 5. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office 
 of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of 
 the Confederate States. 
 
 6. The Congress may determine the time of choosing 
 the electors, and the day on which they shall give their 
 votes; which day shall be the same throughout the Confed- 
 erate States. 
 
 7. No person except a natural-born citizen of the Con- 
 federate States, or a citizen thereof, at the time of the 
 adoption of this Constitution, or a citizen thereof born in 
 the United States prior to the 20th December, 1860, shall 
 be eligible to the office of President ; neither shall any 
 person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained 
 the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resi- 
 dent within the limits of the Confederate States, as they 
 may exist at the time of his election. 
 
 8. In case of the removal of the President from office, 
 or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the 
 powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve 
 on the Vice-President ; and the Congress may, by law, pro- 
 vide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability 
 both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what 
 officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 173 
 
 accordingly until the disability be removed or a President 
 shall be elected. 
 
 9. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his 
 services a compensation, which shall neither be increased 
 nor diminished during the period for which he shall have 
 been elected; and he shall not receive within that period 
 any other emolument from the Confederate States, or any 
 of them. 
 
 10. Before he enters on the execution of his office, lie 
 shall take the following oath or affirmation: 
 
 "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully 
 execute the office of President of the Confederate States, 
 and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and 
 defend the constitution thereof.'' 
 
 Section 2. 
 
 1. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the 
 army and navy of the Confederate States, and of the militia 
 of the several States, when called into the actual service of 
 the Confederate States; he may require the opinion, in 
 writing, of the principal officer in each of the Executive 
 Departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of 
 their respective offices; and he shall have power to grant 
 reprieves and pardons for offences against the Confederate 
 States, except in cases of impeachment. 
 
 2. He shall have power, by and with the advice and 
 consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two- 
 thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nomi- 
 nate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, 
 shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and con- 
 suls, Judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of 
 the Confederate States, whose appointments are not herein 
 otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by 
 law; but the Congress may, by law, vest the appointment 
 of such inferior officers, as they may think proper, in the 
 President alone, in the courts of law or in the heads of 
 Departments. 
 
 3. The principal officer in each of the Executive Depart- 
 ments, and all persons connected with the diplomatic 
 service, may be removed from office at the pleasure of tile 
 the President. All other civil officers of the Executive 
 Department may be removed at any time by the President, 
 
174 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 or other appointing power, when their services are un- 
 necessary, or for dishonesty, incapacity, inefficiency, mis- 
 conduct, or neglect of duty; and when so removed, the 
 removal shall be reported to the Senate, together with the 
 reasons therefor. 
 
 4. The President shall have power to fill all vacancies 
 that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by grant- 
 ing commissions which shall expire at the end of their next 
 session; but no person rejected by the Senate shall be 
 re-appointed to the same office during their ensuing re- 
 cess. 
 
 Section 3. 
 
 1. The President shall, from time to time, give to the 
 Congress information of the state of the Confederacy, and 
 recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall 
 judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary 
 occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them ; and in 
 case of disagreement between them, with respect to the 
 time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as 
 he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and 
 other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be 
 faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of 
 the Confederate States. 
 
 Section 4. 
 
 1. The President, Vice President, and all civil officers 
 of the Confederate States, shall be removed from office on 
 impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or 
 other high crimes and misdemeanors. 
 
 ARTICLE III. 
 Section 1. 
 
 1. The judicial power of the Confederate States shall 
 be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such Inferior Courts 
 as the Congress may from time to time ordain and estab- 
 lish. The judges, both of the Supreme and Inferior 
 Courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and 
 shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compen- 
 sation, which shall not be diminished during their continu- 
 once in office. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 175 
 
 Section 2. 
 
 1. The judicial power shall extend to all cases arising 
 under this Constitution, the laws of the Confederate States, 
 and treaties made or which shall be made under their 
 authority; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public 
 ministers and consuls ; to all cases of admiralty and mara- 
 time jurisdiction; to controversies to which the Confed- 
 erate States shall be a party ; to controversies between two 
 or more states: between a state and a citizen of another 
 state where the state is plaintiff; between citizens claiming 
 lands under grants of different states ; and between a state 
 or a citizen thereof, and foreign states, citizens or subjects; 
 but no state shall be sued by a citizen or subject of any 
 foreign state. 
 
 2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public min- 
 isters, and consuls, and those in which a state shall be a 
 party, the supreme court shall have original jurisdiction. 
 In all the other cases before mentioned, the supreme court 
 shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, 
 with such exceptions, and under such regulations, as the 
 Congress shall make. 
 
 -3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeach- 
 ment, shall be by jury, and such trial shall be held in the 
 state where the said crimes shall have been committed ; but 
 when not committed within any state, the trial shall be at 
 such place or places as the Congress may by law have 
 directed. 
 
 Section 3. 
 
 1. Treason against the Confederate States shall consist 
 only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their 
 enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be 
 convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two wit- 
 nesses to the same overt act or on confession in open court 
 
 2. The Congress shall have power to declare the punish- 
 ment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work 
 corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of 
 the person attainted. 
 
276 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 Section 1. 
 
 1 . Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to 
 the public acts, records, ard judicial proceedings of every 
 other state. And the Congress may, by general laws, pre- 
 scribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceed- 
 ings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. 
 
 Section 2. 
 
 1. The citzens of each State shall be entitled to all the 
 privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States, 
 and shall have the right of transit and sojourn in any State 
 of this Confederacy, with their slaves and other property : 
 and the right of property in said slaves shall not be thereby 
 impaired. 
 
 2. A person charged in any State with treason, felony, 
 or other crime against the laws of such State, who shall 
 flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall, on 
 demand of the Executive authority of the State from which 
 he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having 
 jurisdiction of the crime. 
 
 3. No slave or other person held to service or labor in any 
 State or territory of the Confederate States, under the laws 
 thereof, escaping or lawfully carried into another, shall, in 
 consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharg- 
 ed from such service or labor : but shall be delivered up on 
 claim of the party to whom such slave belongs, or to whom 
 such service or labor may be due. 
 
 Section 3. 
 
 1. Other States may be admitted into this Confederacy 
 by a vote of two-thirds of the whole House of Representa- 
 tives, and two-thirds of the Senate, the Senate voting by 
 States ; but no new State shall be formed or erected with- 
 in the jurisdiction of any other State ; nor any State be 
 formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of 
 States, without the consent of the legislature of the States 
 concerned as well as of the Congress. 
 
 2. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 177 
 
 all needful rules and regulations concerning the property of 
 the Confederate States, including the lands thereof. 
 
 3. The Confederate States may acquire new territory ; 
 and Congress -shall have power to legislate and provide 
 governments for the inhabitants of all territory belonging to 
 the Confederate States, lying without the limits of the 
 several States ; and may permit them, at such times, and in 
 such manner as it may by law provide, to form States to 
 be admitted into the Confederacy. In all such territory, 
 the institution of negro slavery as it now exists in the Con- 
 federate States, shall be recognized and protected by Con- 
 gress, and by the territorial government: and the inhabi- 
 tants of the several Confederate States and Territories, shall 
 have the right to take to such territory, -any slaves lawfully 
 held by them in any of the States or territories of the Con- 
 federate States. 
 
 • *JjJ iLS& *' : h- J ? .-ft'** *..*»*t ••*»•">• K' \ !, t-*r .-r^'f, 
 
 4. The Confederate States shall guaranty to every State 
 
 that now is, or hereafter may become a member of this 
 Confederacy, a republican form of government, and shall 
 protect each of them against invasion ; and on application 
 of the legislature (or of the Executive when the legislature 
 is not in session) against domestic violence. 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 Section 1. 
 
 1. Upon the demand of any three States, legally assem- 
 bled in their several Conventions, the Congress shall summon 
 a Convention of all the States, to take into consideration 
 such amendments to the Constitution as the said States shall 
 concur in suggesting at the time when the said demand is 
 made ; and should any of the proposed amendments to the 
 Constitution be agreed on by the said Convention — voting 
 by States — and the same be ratified by the legislatures of 
 two-thirds of the several States, or by Conventions in two- 
 thirds thereof— as the one or the other mode of ratification 
 may be proposed by the general Convention— they shall 
 thenceforward form a part of this Constitution. But no 
 State shall, without its consent, be deprived of its equal 
 represention in the Senate. 
 12 
 
178 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 ARTICLE VI. 
 
 1. The Government established by this Constitution is 
 the successor of the Provisional Government of the Con- 
 federate States of America, and all the laws passed by the 
 latter shall continue in force until the same shall be repeal- 
 ed or modified ; and all the officers appointed by the same 
 shall remain in office until their successors are appointed 
 and qualified, or the offices abolished. 
 
 2. All debts contracted and engagements entered into be- 
 fore the adoption of this Constitution shall be as valid 
 against the Confederate States under this Constitution as 
 under the Provisional Government. 
 
 3. This Constitution, and the laws of the Confederate 
 States, made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or 
 which shall be made under the authority of the Confederate 
 "States, shall be the supreme law of the land ; and the judges 
 in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the con- 
 stitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstand- 
 ing. 
 
 L The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, 
 and the members of the several State legislatures, and all 
 executive and judicial officers, both of the Confederate 
 States, and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or 
 affirmation, to support this Constitution : but no religious 
 test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or 
 public trust under the Confederate States. 
 
 Hi The enumeration, in the Constitution, of certain rights, 
 shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained 
 by the people of the several States. 
 
 6. The powers not delegated to the Confederate States 
 by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are 
 reserved to the States, respectively, or to the people there- 
 of. 
 
 ARTICLE VII. 
 
 1. The ratification of the Conventions of five States shall 
 be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution be- 
 tween the States so ratifying the same. 
 
 When five States shall have ratified this Constitution, 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 179 
 
 in the manner before specified, the Congress under the Pro- 
 visional Constitution, shall prescribe the time for holding 
 the election of President and Vice President ; and, for the 
 meeting of the Electoral College ; and, for counting the 
 votes, and inaugurating the President. They shall, also, 
 prescribe the time for holding the first election of members 
 of Congress under this Constitution, and the time for as- 
 sembling the same. Until the assembling of such Congress, 
 the Congress under the Provisional Constitution shall con- 
 tinue to exercise the legislative powers granted them ; not 
 extending beyond the time limited by the Constitution of 
 the Provisional Government. 
 
 EXTRACT FROM THE JOURNAL OF THE CONGRESS. 
 
 Congress, March 11, 1861. 
 
 On the question of the adoption of the Constitution of 
 the Confederate States of America, the vote was taken by 
 yeas and nays ; and the Constitution was unanimously 
 adopted, as follows : 
 
 Those who voted in the affirmative, being, Messrs. Wal- 
 ker, Smith, Curry, Hale, McRae ; Shorter and Fearn, of Ala- 
 bama, (Messrs. Chilton and Lewis being absent) ; Messrs. 
 Morton, Anderson and Owens, of Florida ; Messrs. Toombs, 
 Howell Cobb, Bartow, Msbet, Hill, Wright, Thomas R. II. 
 Cobb and Stephens, of Georgia, (Messrs. Crawford and Ken- 
 an beiag absent) ; Messrs. Perkins, deClouet, Conrad, Ken- 
 ner, Sparrow and Marshall, of Louisiana ; Messrs* Harris, 
 Brooke, Wilson, Clayton, Barry and Harrison, of Mississip- 
 pi, (Mr. Campbell being absent) ; Messrs. Rhett, Barnwell, 
 Keitt, Chesnut, Memminger, Miles, Withers and Boyce, of 
 South Carolina ; Messrs. Reagan, Hemphill, Waul, Greg*?, 
 Oldham and Ochiltree, of Texas, ( Mr. Wigfall being ab- 
 sent.) 
 
 A true copy : J. J. HOOPER, 
 
 Secretary of the Congress. 
 
 Congress, March 11, 1861. 
 I do hereby certify that the foregoing are, respectively, 
 
180 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 true and correct copies of " The Constitution of the Con- 
 federate States of America," unamiously adopted this day, 
 and of the yeas and nays, on the question of the adoption 
 thereof. 
 
 HOWELL COBB, 
 
 i 
 
 President ol the Congress. 
 
 2d. A communication from Win. J. Vason, Esq., Com- 
 missioner from Georgia to the State of Louisiana, with 
 accompanying documents. 
 
 3d. A communication from Samuel Hal], Esq., Commis- 
 sioner from Georgia to the State of North Carolina, with 
 accompanying document. 
 
 4th. A communication from A. R. Wright, Esq., Com- 
 missioner from Georgia to the State of Maryland. 
 
 All of which (Mr. Hull being in the chair) were taken 
 up, read, and ordered to he recorded in the appendix to the 
 to the journal. 
 
 Mr. Nisbet offered the following resolution, which was 
 taken up, read, and adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That the Constitution of the Confederate States 
 of America, be the order of the day for to-morrow at 10 
 o'clock, A. M. 
 
 Mr. Hawkins offered the following resolution, which 
 was read : 
 
 Resolved, That a Committee of sixteen, two from each 
 Congressional District as now organized be appointed to 
 arrange ten Congressional Districts for the State upon the 
 basis of the new Constitution, and report at the earliest 
 practicable time. 
 
 The President announced the following as the Committee 
 of twenty-four, three from each Congressional District, to 
 apportion the Senatorial Districts, and report an Ordinance 
 in accordance therewith, to-wit : 
 
 Mr. RODDEY, Chairman, 
 
 from the 3d District. 
 1st District, Messrs. Varuadoe, j 
 Gaulden, 
 Yopp. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 181 
 
 2d District, Messrs. Clarke, 
 
 Furlow, 
 
 Dozier. 
 3rd District, Messrs. Long, 
 
 Lamar, of Bibb. 
 4th District, Messrs. Tidwell, 
 
 Hoyle, 
 
 Beasley. 
 
 5th District, Messrs. Shropshire, of Floyd, 
 
 Chastain, 
 
 Dabney. 
 Gth District, Messrs. Hull, 
 
 Martin, of Lumpkin, 
 
 McDaniel. 
 
 7th District, Messrs. Briscoe, 
 Keese, 
 Fitzpatrick. 
 
 8th District, Messrs. Singleton, 
 
 Neal, of Columbia, 
 Johnson, of Oglethorpe. 
 
 Mr. Logan offered the following resolution, which was 
 taken up, read, and adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That the Committee on the " Constitution and 
 Laws of this State, and the Constitution of the United 
 States" be instructed to inquire into the propriety of re- 
 porting an Ordinance to this Convention, consenting to the 
 location of the permanent capitol of the Confederate States 
 of America within the State of Georgia, and granting 
 limited jurisdiction over such portion of territory as may 
 be necessary for that purpose. 
 
 Mr. Poe offered the following resolution, which was taken 
 up, read, and referred to the Committee on the Constitu- 
 tion and Laws of the State, and the Constitution of the 
 United States, to-wit : 
 
 Resolved, That when any case shall be called for trial, in 
 any of the Courts of this State, if it shall be made to ap- 
 pear that either party is unprepared to proceed to trial by 
 reason of said party or his counsel being, or having been 
 engaged in the military service of this State, or of any of 
 
1S2 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 the States of this Confederacy, then, and in that case, it 
 shall be the duty of the presiding Judge, or Justices, to 
 continue said case generally. 
 
 Leave of absence was granted to Messrs. Flewellen, 
 Strother, Turner of Hancock, Patterson, Giles, Beck,, 
 Moore, of Bulloch, and Dennis. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Varnadoe, the Convention then went 
 into secret session, and having spent some time therein, it 
 adjourned till ten o'clock, to-morrow morning. 
 
 SATURDAY, MARCH 16, 1861. 
 
 The Convention met pursuant to adjournment, and 
 was opened with prayer by the Rev. Mr. Baker. 
 
 A quorum being present, the Journal was read. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Nisbet, the doors were closed, and the 
 
 Convention went into secret session, 
 j 
 
 On motion of Mr. Stephens, of Taliaferro, the Constitu- 
 tion adopted unanimously by the Congress of the Confed- 
 erate States of America, at Montgomery, March 11, 1861, 
 and submitted to this Convention of the People of Geor- 
 gia for ratification, was taken up and read. 
 
 Mr. Alexander, of Upson, offered the following resolu- 
 tion : 
 
 Resolved, That the ConstitutioE adopted by the Congress 
 at Montgomery on the 11th day of March, 1S61, for the 
 permanent government of the Confederate States of Amer- 
 ica, be referred to a committee of seven, with instructions 
 to frame and report, during this morning's session, an Or- 
 dinance to accept and ratify the same for the State of 
 Georgia. 
 
 The resolution was taken up, read and adopted. 
 
 The President announced the following, as the commit- 
 tee of seven under the foregoing resolution, to-wit : 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 183 
 
 Messrs. Alexander, of Upson, 
 Fleming, 
 Rice, 
 
 Crawford, of G-reene. 
 AVarner, 
 Clarke and 
 Reese. 
 
 Mr. Clarke offered the following' resolution, which was 
 taken up, read, and adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed by 
 the President to report to this body the number of Journ- 
 als of the proceedings of this Convention to be published 
 tor distribution, together with the manner of printing and 
 binding ; and to report, also, upon the compensation to be 
 allowed the Secretary and his assistant for their services. 
 
 Whereupon the President announced the following as 
 the committee under the foregoing resolution, to- wit : 
 Messrs. Clarke, 
 
 Bartow and 
 Chastain. 
 
 Mr. Carswell, from the Committee on Accounts offered 
 the following resolution, which was taken up and read: 
 
 Resolved, That the members of this Convention be al- 
 lowed mileage to and from this Convention at its second 
 session, the distance to be computed to MilledgeviJle. 
 
 Mr. Martin, of Lumpkin, offered the following, as a sub- 
 stitute therefor : 
 
 Resolved, That the State Treasurer be instructed to set- 
 tle with the Delegates of this Convention, their per diem 
 pay and mileage from their residences the most direct 
 route to and from Savannah, for the second session of this 
 Convention. 
 
 Mr. Styles moved the "previous question," which being 
 seconded and sustained, the main question, to-wit : the 
 adoption of Mr. Carswell' s resolution, was put when the 
 yeas and nays were demanded to be recorded. 
 
 The yeas are 150, nays 106, to-wit ; 
 
184 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Those who voted in the affirmative are Messrs. 
 
 Alexander of Fulton, 
 Arnold, 
 
 Beall of Banks, 
 Bell of Forsyth, 
 Beall of Troup, 
 Blalock, 
 Bowen, 
 
 Brown of Houston, 
 
 Burch, 
 
 Bush, 
 
 Butts, 
 
 Byrd, 
 
 Cannon of Rabun, 
 Cannon of Wayne, 
 Cantrell, 
 Carswell, 
 Chastain, 
 Cheshier, 
 Cleveland, 
 Cochran of Terrell, 
 Coleman, 
 Collins, 
 Corn, 
 Cox, 
 
 Davis of Chattahoochee, 
 
 Davenport of Sumter, 
 
 Day, 
 
 Deupree, 
 
 Dewberry, 
 
 Dickerson, 
 
 Fain, 
 
 h arnsworth, 
 
 Fitzpatrick, 
 
 Ford, 
 
 Fort of Wayne, 
 
 Fouche, 
 
 Freeman, 
 
 French, 
 
 Garvin, 
 
 Glenn of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Glover, 
 
 Gordon, 
 
 Graham, 
 
 Hall, 
 
 Haines, 
 
 Hamilton, 
 
 Hammond, 
 Hargroves, 
 Harris of Glynn, 
 Harris of Mcintosh, 
 Harris of Meriwether, 
 Hawkins, 
 Head, 
 Henderson, 
 Hendricks, 
 Hill of Hart, 
 Hoyal, 
 Howell, 
 
 Hudson of Gwinnetfc, 
 Huggins, 
 Hust, 
 Jackson, 
 
 Johnson of Clayton, 
 
 Johnson of Hall, 
 
 Johnson of Jefferson, 
 
 Jones of Burke, 
 
 Ketch um, 
 
 Kimsey, 
 
 Kirkland, 
 
 Lamar of Lincoln, 
 
 Lamb, 
 
 Lattimer of Appling, 
 Lattimer of Montgomery, 
 Low, 
 Long, 
 
 Mabry of Berrien, 
 Manson, 
 
 Martin of Elbert, 
 
 Martin of Lumpkin, 
 
 Martin of Merriwether, 
 
 McConnell of Catoosa, 
 
 McCulloch, 
 
 McLain, 
 
 McLeod, 
 
 Mershon, 
 
 Milton, 
 
 Moor of Spalding, 
 
 Mounger, 
 
 Munnerlyn, 
 
 Neal of Columbia, 
 
 Newton, 
 
 Nisbet, 
 
GKE ORGIA C OX VEXTIOX . 
 
 IBS 
 
 Overstreet, 
 Padget, 
 Patrick, 
 Perkins, 
 
 Phinizy of Monroe, 
 
 Pickett. 
 
 Pierce, 
 
 Pin son. 
 
 Pofford, 
 
 Prescott, 
 
 Price, 
 
 Ppuett, 
 
 Ramsey of Clinch, 
 Rarnsev of Muscogee. 
 Reed, t 
 
 Richardson of Lee, 
 Roddey, 
 Rutherford. 
 Sheffield of Calhoun. 
 Shell, 
 Skelton, 
 
 Simmons of Pickens, 
 
 Singleton, 
 
 Sirmons, 
 
 Sisk, 
 
 Smith of Charlton, 
 Smith of DeKalb, 
 Smith of Johnson, 
 Stapleton, 
 
 Starr, 
 
 Stephens of Hancock, 
 
 Stephens of Monroe, 
 
 Stephens of Pierce, 
 
 Street, 
 
 Styles, 
 
 Taliaferro, 
 
 Tidwell, 
 
 Tillman, 
 
 Tomlinson. 
 
 Troup, 
 
 Tucker of Colquitt. 
 
 Tucker of Laurens, 
 
 Turner of Wilcox, 
 
 Walton, 
 
 Waterhouse. 
 
 Webb, 
 
 Wellborn, 
 
 West, 
 
 \\ helchel, 
 
 Wicker, 
 
 Williams of Chattooga, 
 
 Williams of Mcintosh. 
 
 Williamson, 
 
 Wood, 
 
 Wright, 
 
 Yates, 
 
 Young of Gordon. 
 Young of Irwin. 
 
 Those who voted in the negative are Messrs. 
 
 Adams of Camden, 
 
 Adams of Putnam, 
 
 Algood, 
 
 Banks, 
 
 Beaslev. 
 
 Bennins:, 
 
 Black, ~ 
 
 Brew ton, 
 
 Briscoe, 
 
 Brown of Marion, 
 
 Brown of Webster, 
 
 Buchanan, 
 
 Bullard, 
 
 Burnett, 
 
 Calhoun, 
 
 Carson, 
 
 Casev, 
 
 Clarke, 
 
 Cochran of Wilkinson, 
 
 Cobb, 
 
 Cody, 
 
 Colquitt, 
 
 Crawford of Richmond, 
 
 Dabney, 
 
 Daniel, 
 
 Davis of Putnam, 
 
 Davenport of Clay, 
 
 Douglass, 
 
 Dozier, 
 
 Ellington, 
 
 Fields, 
 
 Fort of Stewart, 
 
 Frier, 
 
 Furlow, 
 
186 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Gardner, 
 Gee, 
 
 Gliolston, 
 Glenn of Fulton, 
 Gray, 
 Gunn, 
 Hale, 
 Harvill, 
 
 Harris of Hancock, 
 
 Harvey, 
 
 Hendry, 
 
 Herrington, 
 
 Hilliard, 
 
 Hood, 
 
 Hudson of Harris, 
 
 Hull, 
 
 Jennings, 
 
 Johnson of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Jones of Chatham, 
 
 Jordan, 
 
 Kenan, 
 
 Killgore, 
 
 Knox, 
 
 Lamar of Bibb, 
 Lester, 
 Lindley, 
 jOgan, 
 Logue, 
 Lyle, 
 Mallary, 
 Marshall, 
 
 McConnell of Cherokee, 
 
 McDaniel, 
 
 McRae, 
 
 Means, 
 
 Mitchell, 
 
 Montgomery, 
 Neal of Talbot, 
 Paris, 
 
 Phinizy of Richmond, 
 Pitt man, 
 Poe, 
 Ponder, 
 Porter, 
 Poullain, 
 Reynolds, 
 Rice, 
 Robinson, 
 Sherman, 
 Sharpe. 
 
 Sheffield of Early, 
 Shropshire of Floyd, 
 Slater, 
 Simms, 
 
 Smith of Talbot, 
 
 Solomons, 
 
 Spence, 
 
 Stephens of Taliaferro, 
 
 Strickland of Forsyth, 
 
 Strickland of Tatnall, 
 
 Thomas of Dooly, 
 
 Thomas of Whitfield, 
 
 Trippe, 
 
 Usry, 
 
 Varnadoe, 
 
 Whitehead, 
 
 Willingham, 
 
 Williams of Harris, 
 
 Willis, 
 
 Winn of Cobb, 
 Winn of Gwinnett, 
 Word, 
 
 So the resolution was adopted. 
 
 Mr. Stephens, of Taliaferro, laid on the table the follow- 
 
 ing ordinance 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 Additional to a previous ordinance of the Convention on the 
 subject of citizenship. 
 
 Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in sovereign Convention 
 assembled, 
 
 That all white persons resident in the State at the time 
 
GE ORG I A G 0 X VEXTI OX . 
 
 1S7 
 
 of the secession of the State from the United States, with 
 the bona fide intention of making it the place of their abode, 
 shall be considered as citizens of this State without refer- 
 ence to the place of birth : Providal. that any person not 
 born in this State, can except hi in or herself from the ope- 
 ratiun of this ordinance by a declaration in any Court of 
 Record in the State within three months from this date 
 that he or she does not wish to be considered a citizen of 
 this State. 
 
 On motion of ttf* Stephens (of Taliaferro) the ordinance 
 was taken up, read twice, and adopted. 
 
 Mr. Cobb offered the following resolution: 
 
 Resolved, That the Committee on the Constitution and 
 Laws be instructed to revise the Constitution of the State 
 of Georgia, and report the same to this Convention, with 
 such alterations and amendments as they may recommend 
 for adoption. 
 
 The resolution was taken up and read, when 
 Mr. Clarke offered the following amendment : 
 
 " But the subject of reduction being now before the Con- 
 vention is not submitted to said committee until after the 
 final action of this Convention on that subject." 
 
 The amendment was received, and the resolution, as 
 amended, was adopted. 
 
 Mr. Alexander, of Upson, from the Committee of Seven, 
 who were instructed to report this morning an ordinance to 
 adopt and ratify the Constitution of the Confederate States 
 of America, reported the following : 
 
 ORDINANCE 
 
 To adopt and ratify the Constitution of the Confederate 
 States of America. 
 
 Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled, 
 and it is hereby ord.ained by the authoritii of the same, 
 
 That the Constitution adopted by the Congress at Mont- 
 gomery, in the State of Alabama, on the eleventh day of 
 
1S8 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 March, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hun- 
 dred and sixty-one, for the " permanent federal government" 
 of the Confederate States of America, be, and the same is 
 hereby adopted and ratified by the State of Georgia, " act- 
 ing in its sovereign and independent character." 
 
 Mr. Stephens, of Taliaferro, moved to take up and agree 
 to the report, upon which motion Mr. Hull demanded that 
 the yeas and nays be recorded. 
 
 ^ , * • 
 
 There are yeas 276 ; nays none. 
 
 Those who voted in the affirmative are Messrs. 
 
 Adams of Camden, 
 Adams of Putnam, 
 Alexander of Fulton, 
 Alexander of Upson, 
 Algood, 
 Arnold, 
 Banks, 
 Bartow, 
 Beasley, 
 Bell of Banks, 
 Bell of Forsyth, 
 Beall of Troup, 
 Benning, 
 Black, 
 Blalock, 
 Bo wen, 
 Bozeman, 
 Brewton, 
 Briggs, 
 Briscoe, 
 
 Brown of Houston, 
 Brown of Marion, 
 Brown of Webster, 
 Bryan, 
 Buchanan, 
 Bullard, 
 Burch, 
 Burnett, 
 Bush, 
 Butts, 
 Calhoun, 
 
 Cannon of Rabun, 
 Cannon of Wayne, 
 Cantrell, 
 
 Carson, 
 
 Carswell, 
 
 Casey, . 
 
 Ch as tain, 
 
 Cheslner, 
 
 Clarke, 
 
 Cleveland, 
 
 Cochran of Terrell, 
 
 Cochran of Wilkinson, 
 
 Cobb, 
 
 Cody, 
 
 Colemail, 
 
 Collins, 
 
 Colquitt, 
 
 Corn, 
 
 Cox, 
 
 Crawford of Greene, 
 Crawford of Richmond, 
 Dabney, 
 Daniel, 
 
 Davis of Chattahoochee, 
 
 Davis of Putnam, 
 
 Davenport of Clay, 
 
 Davenport of Sumter, 
 
 Day, 
 
 Deupree, 
 
 Dewberry, 
 
 Dickerson, 
 
 Douglass, 
 
 Dozier, 
 
 Ellington, 
 
 Fain, 
 
 Farns worth, 
 Fleming, 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 189 
 
 Fields, 
 
 Fitzpatrick, 
 
 Ford, 
 
 Fort of Stewart, 
 Fort of Wayne, 
 Fouche, 
 
 Freeman, 
 Frier, 
 French, 
 
 Furlow. 
 Gaulden. 
 Gardner 
 
 Garvm, 
 Gee. 
 
 Gholston. 
 
 Glenn of Fulton, 
 Glenn of Oglethorpe. 
 Glover, 
 Gordon, 
 Graham, 
 Gray, 
 Gunn, 
 Hale, 
 Hall, 
 Haines, 
 Hamilton, 
 Hammond. 
 Hansell, 
 Ha rg roves, 
 Harville, 
 Harris of Glynn, 
 Harris of Hancock, 
 Harris of Mcintosh, 
 Harris of Meriwether, 
 H arvey , 
 Hawkins, 
 Head, 
 Henderson, 
 Hendry, 
 Hendricks, 
 Herrin^ton, 
 Hill of Hart, 
 Hill of Troup, 
 Hilliard, 
 Hood. 
 Hoval, 
 Howell, 
 
 Hudson of Gwinnett. 
 
 Hudson of Harris. 
 
 Huggins. 
 
 HulL 
 
 Humphries, 
 Hust, 
 Jackson. 
 Jennings, 
 
 Johnson of Clayton, 
 
 Johnson of Hall. 
 
 Johnson of Jefferson, 
 
 Johnson of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Jones of Burke, 
 
 Jones of Chatham, 
 
 Jordan. 
 
 Kenan, 
 
 Ketchum, 
 
 Killgore, 
 
 Kimsev. 
 
 Kirkland, 
 
 Knox, 
 
 Lamar of Lincoln, 
 Lamar of Bibb, 
 Lamb. 
 
 Lattimer of Appling, 
 
 L a 1 1 i m e r o f M o n t g o m e ry , 
 
 Low, 
 
 Lester, 
 
 Lindley, 
 
 Logan, 
 
 Logue, 
 
 Long, 
 
 Lyle, 
 
 Mabry of Berrien, 
 
 Mabrv of Heard, 
 
 Mallary, 
 
 Manson, 
 
 Marshall, 
 
 Martin of Elbert, 
 
 Martin of Lumpkin, 
 
 Martin of Meriwether, 
 
 McConnell of Catoosa, 
 
 McConnell of Cherokee, 
 
 McCulloch, 
 
 McDaniel, 
 
 Mc Griff, 
 
 McLain, 
 
 McLeod, 
 
 MeRae, 
 
190 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Means, 
 Mershon, 
 Milton, 
 Mitchell, 
 
 Moore of Bulloch, 
 Moor of Spalding, 
 Montgomery, 
 Morrow, 
 Mounger, 
 Munnerlyn, 
 Neal of Columbia, 
 Neal of Talbot, 
 Newton, 
 Nisbet, 
 Overstreet, 
 Padget, 
 Paris, 
 Patrick, 
 Perkins, 
 
 Phinizy of Monroe, 
 Phinizy of Richmond, 
 Pickett, 
 Pierce, 
 Pinson, 
 Pittman, 
 Pitts, 
 Poe, 
 Pofford, 
 Ponder, 
 Porter, 
 Poullain, 
 Prescott, 
 Price, 
 Pruett, 
 
 Ramsey of Clinch, 
 
 Ramsey of Muscogee, 
 
 Reed, 
 
 Reese, 
 
 Reynolds. 
 
 Rice, 
 
 Richardson of Lee, 
 Robinson, 
 
 Roddey, 
 Rutherford 
 Saffold, 
 Sharman, 
 Sharpe, 
 
 Sheffield of Calhoun, 
 
 Sheffield of Early, 
 Shell, 
 
 Shropshire of Chattooga, 
 Shropshire of Floyd, 
 Slater, 
 Skelton, 
 
 Simmons of Pickens, 
 
 Simms, 
 
 Singleton, 
 
 Sirmons, 
 
 Sisk. 
 
 Smith of Charlton, 
 Smith of DeKalb, 
 Smith of Johnson, 
 Smith of Talbot, 
 Solomons, 
 Spence, 
 Stapleton, 
 Starr, 
 
 Stephens of Hancock, 
 Stephens of Monroe, 
 Stephens of Taliaferro, 
 Street, 
 
 Strickland of Forsyth, 
 
 Strickland of Tatna.ll, 
 
 Styles, 
 
 Taliaferro, 
 
 Teasley, 
 
 Thomas of Dooly, 
 
 Thomas of Whitfield, 
 
 Ti dwell, 
 
 Tillman, 
 
 Tomlmson, 
 
 Tnppe, 
 
 Troup, 
 
 Tucker of Colquitt, 
 
 Tucker of Laurens, 
 
 Turner of Wilcox, 
 
 Usry, 
 
 Varnadoe, 
 
 Walton, 
 
 Warner, 
 
 Water house, 
 
 Webb, 
 
 Wellborn, 
 
 West, 
 
 Whelchel, 
 
 Whitehead, 
 
 ■ 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 191 
 
 Wicker, Winu of Gwinnett, 
 
 Willingham, Wood, 
 
 Williams of Chattooga, Word, 
 
 Williams of Harris, Wright, 
 
 Williams of Mcintosh, Yates, 
 
 Williamson, Yopp, 
 
 Willis, Young of Gordon, 
 
 Winn of Cobb, Young, of Irwin, 
 
 So the ordinance, having been read twice, (every mem- 
 ber present voting on its passage) was unanimously adop- 
 ted. Whereupon 
 
 The President declared that the Constitution of the Con- 
 federate States of America, had been ratified. 
 
 Mr. Chastain offered the following resolution, which was 
 taken up, read, and adopted. 
 
 Resolved, That the injunction of secrecy be removed from 
 the proceedings ot the Convention to-day, except the action 
 of this Convention on the ordinance submitted bv Mi". Sin- 
 gleton, a delegate from Scriven county. 
 
 Mr. Nisbet offered the following resolution, which was 
 taken up, read, and adopted : 
 
 Rvsolued, That the President of this Convention transmit 
 to the President of the Congress of the Confederate States, 
 a copy duly certified, when enrolled and signed, of the ordi- 
 nance this day passed, ratifying and adopting the permanent 
 Constitution. 
 
 Mr. Cobb, from the Committee on the Constitution and 
 Laws of the State, and the Constitution of the United 
 States, made the following report : 
 
 The committee to whom was referred the resolution pro- 
 viding for the continuance of causes in the several Courts, 
 under certain circumstances, 
 
 REPORT 
 
 That they have had the same under consideration, and 
 recommend that no action be taken on the subject by this 
 Convention. 
 
192 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Mr. Strickland, of Forsyth, laid upon the table the fol- 
 lowing resolutions, which were taken up, read, and referred 
 to the Committee on Military Affairs : " 
 
 Resolved, That his Excellency, the Governor, be, and he 
 is hereby authorized and instructed to turn over to the gov- 
 ernment of the Confederate States, the two regiments of 
 regular troops now being raised under an ordinance of this 
 Convention ; Provided that the government will accept the 
 enlisted soldiers together with all the officers of the two 
 regiments as appointed by the Governor of this State, for 
 and during; the term for which the recruits have been .en- 
 listed. 
 
 Resolved, That this Convention hereby approves the 
 action of his Excellency, the Governor, in proceeding to 
 organize and hold in readiness for active service, under the 
 provisions of the act of the Legislature, all the volunteer 
 forces of this State, which may not be n eeded for the ser- 
 vice of the Confederate States ; and that he be authorized 
 to arm said troops as fast as organized, and to call the offi- 
 cers together for drill and training when necessary, that the 
 whole force may be made efficient, should it be needed for 
 the purpose of repelling any invasion, or attempted inva- 
 sion of the soil of this State. 
 
 Mr. Hood laid upon the table the following ordinance, 
 which was taken up, read, and referred to the Committee 
 on Military Affairs : 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To authorize the Governor to raise and expend money for 
 the defence of this State. 
 
 Be U ordained by the people of Georgia in sovereign Conven- 
 tion assembled, and it is hereby ordained by authority oj the same, 
 
 That his Excellency, the Governor of this State, be, and 
 he is hereby authorized to raise and expend such sums of 
 money as may be necessary to carry out all ordinances of 
 this Convention, and all acts of the Legislature which pro- 
 vides for the public defence of this State ; and for that pur- 
 pose he is hereby authorized to issue and sell bonds of th is 
 
GEORGIA COXVENTIOX. 193 
 
 State, having such time to run as he may designate, with 
 interest coupons attached, payable at such place, or places, 
 as he may think proper, until he shall have raised such sums 
 of money as the exigencies of the State may require ; said 
 bonds to be for one thousand dollars each, or such less sums 
 as the Governor may find to be most saleable. 
 
 And be it further ordained, That the faith and credit of 
 this State are hereby solemnly pledged for the redemption 
 of all such bonds and interest coupons as the Governor may 
 issue and dispose of under this ordinance. 
 
 And be it farther ordained, That in case the Governor shall 
 be unable to raise by the sale of bonds, a sufficient sum for 
 the defence of the State, heis hereby authorized to issue and 
 dispose of Treasury Notes, in sums of twenty-five, fifty, and 
 one hundred dollars, each, for that purpose ; said notes to 
 bear such interest as may be prescribed by the Governor, 
 not to exceed seven per cent, per annum. 
 
 Mr. Fouche laid on the table the following : 
 
 AN ENUNCIATION OF FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES, 
 
 Experience having admonished us that there exists a wide 
 spread disposition in many sections, to question or deny the 
 right of the people of Georgia, to be a free, independent, 
 and sovereign State, endowed with all the rights of a per- 
 fect sovereignty, among which is the right to secede from 
 a Confederacy, upon finding a continuance in it incompati- 
 ble with her peace, safety, happiness, interests, or liberties : 
 Aware, moreover, of the importance of a thorough under- 
 standing of the fundamental principles of all just govern- 
 ment by the people of a free State : We, the representa- 
 tives of the people of Georgia, in that supreme and sovereign 
 capacity wherein they are entitled to make, alter, and 
 abolish Constitutions and Governments, do hereby publish 
 and declare : 
 
 First, That sovereignty is the supreme, ultimate power, 
 abiding in the people of an organized community or State. 
 
 Second, That sovereignty is one, indivisible, inalienable, 
 and imprescriptible. 
 13 
 
194 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Third, That all other power in the State is derived from, 
 is subordinate to, and revocable by, the sovereignty. 
 
 Fourth, That Governments are not sovereign, but the 
 creatures of the sovereignty, ordained and established by it, 
 for the purpose of a convenient exercise of its ordinary pow- 
 ers, in the enactment, administration, and execution of 
 laws, to establish justice, and to promote the peace, good 
 order, security, and prosperity of the State. 
 
 Fifth, That constitutions or fudamental laws, are the 
 direct enactments of the [sovereignty, organizing govern- 
 ments, delegating, defining, and limiting their powers, and 
 enumerating the purposes for which those powers are to be 
 exerted. 
 
 Sixth, That allegiance is" due only to the sovereignty, and 
 obedience is due to government only as its regularly con- 
 stituted organ. 
 
 Seventh, That no mere government, whether it be a gov- 
 ernment proper or improper, has a right to resist the regu- 
 
 • larly expressed will of the sovereignty which created it, 
 either, for the purpose of retaining power, or of continuing 
 its existence against that will. 
 
 Eio-hth, That there on "flit to be established a real and ef- 
 fective responsibility on the part of all officials in every de- 
 partment of government. 
 
 Ninth, That power given for one purpose, cannot right- 
 fully be exercised for any other, and therefore the taxing 
 power can be exercised only to raise revenue to defray the 
 expenses of government, defend the State, or for some oth- 
 er purpose specified in the grant of the power. 
 
 Tenth, That the system of taxation adopted in a free 
 State, ought to be just and equal in its operation as be- 
 tween individuals, classes, and sections ; and ought to be 
 generally and thoroughly understood by the people, in or- 
 der that they may be enabled to hold their representatives 
 to a real responsibility, and secure simplici ty, economy, and 
 purity, in the administration. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 195 
 
 Eleventh, That in its relation to individuals, the protec- 
 tion of person, property, and character, against violence, 
 fraud, and defamation, is the sole legitimate object of all 
 just government; and an imbecile government which can- 
 not, or a corrupt government, which will not give it, ought 
 to be reformed or overthrown. 
 
 Twelfth, That it is the indispensible duty of a good gov- 
 ernmeut, to provide an easy, prompt, and adequate remedy 
 for the infraction of every right ; and a just, but certain 
 punishment for every wrong or crime. 
 
 Thirteenth, That all citizens of a free State, may freely, 
 -and peaceably, assemble to consider any matter interesting 
 to them; may keep, and bear arms; may petition their 
 government for anything within the sphere of its powers ; 
 may freely speak, write, and publish their opinions upon 
 any subject, standing to the penalty of law for any abuse 
 of these privileges ; may profess any religious creed, and 
 practice any form of religious worship, without being sub- 
 jected, on account thereof, to any political or legal disabili- 
 ty, or entitled to any political or legal privileges of favor. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Fouche, the foregoing *' Fundamental 
 Principles," were taken up, and read, and were referred to 
 the " Committee on the Constitution and Laws of the State, 
 and the Constitution of the United States," together with 
 the " Bill of Rights," previously reported by said Commit- 
 tee through its Chairman, Mr. Cobb. 
 
 Leave of absence was asked for Messrs. Harris of Meri- 
 wether, Perkins, of Taliaferro, Wicker, Douglas, Banks of 
 Stewart, Spencer, Phinizy of Richmond, Hines, Sheffield 
 of Early, Sheffield of Calhoun, Buchanan, McDonald, Davis, 
 Burch, Gaulden, Smith, of Talbot, and Shropshire of Floyd, 
 which was refused. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Chastain, the Convention then adioum- 
 ed till ten o'clock Monday morning. 
 
196 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 MONDAY, MARCH 18, 1861. 
 
 The Convention met pursuant to adjournment, and was 
 opened with prayer by the Rev. Mr. Crawford. 
 
 A quorum being present, the journal was read. 
 
 Mr. Carswell moved to reconsider so much of the journal 
 of Saturday as relates to the adoption of the resolution 
 regulating the pay of mileage to the members of this Con- 
 vention. 
 
 Mr. Chastain moved to lay that motion on the table, 
 which was carried. 
 
 Mr. Fort, from the Committee on Enrollment, made the 
 following report : 
 
 Mr. President : 
 
 The Committee on Enrollment have had enrolled, audit 
 is now ready for the signatures of the President and dele- 
 gates : 
 
 An Ordinance to adopt and ratify the Constitution of the 
 Confederate States of America. 
 
 They have also had enrolled, and it is now ready for the 
 signature of the President : 
 
 An Ordinance, additional to a previous Ordinance of this 
 Convention, on the subject of citizenship. 
 
 Mr. Hansel offered the following resolution, which was 
 taken up, read, and adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That those delegates who w T ere absent on Satur- 
 day, when the vote was taken on the adoption of the 
 Ordinance ratifying the Constitution, have leave to record 
 their votes. 
 
 Leave of absence was granted to Messrs. Bell of Banks 
 Collins, of Columbia, West, Dozier, and Dabney, on ac- 
 count of sickness in their families. 
 
 Leave of absence was refused to Messrs. Dupree, Pinson, 
 Douglas, Harris of Merri wether, and Graham, who applied 
 for the same on account of business requiring their atten- 
 tion. 
 
 Mr. Cobb, from the Committee on the Constitution and 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 197 
 
 Laws of the State, and the Constitution of the United 
 States, to whom was referred the Ordinance in relation to 
 citizens of Georgia holding office under the government of 
 the late United States, reported adversely to the passage of 
 the Ordinance. 
 
 Mr, Bell of Forsyth, laid on the table the following pre- 
 amble and resolution, which were read : 
 
 Wlierms^ Governments are instituted to secure the rights 
 of the people, and protect them in the enjoyment of those 
 rights. And Whereas, rigid economy in the public expen- 
 ditures is an element of strength in Republican Govern- 
 ments, while recklessness and prodigality in such expendi- 
 tures are detrimental to the public virtue. Therefore. 
 
 Resolved, That in the inauguration of the new govern- 
 ment, the multiplication of unnecessary officers to provide 
 positions for favorites, is condemned by the people of 
 Georgia. 
 
 Resolved, That the salaries of officers. State and Federal, 
 Executive, Legislature, Judicial, and Diplomatic, ought 
 not to exceed adequate compensation for services rendered 
 ^he government. 
 
 Mr. Corn laid upon the table the following resolution, 
 which was read : 
 
 Resolved, That a special Committee of Eight, (one from 
 each Congressional District) be raised for the purpose of 
 reporting, at an early day, an Ordinance upon the subject 
 of the reduction of the fees and salaries of all civil officers 
 of this State, from Governor down to county officers, and 
 also the per diem pay of the members of the Legislature of 
 this State. 
 
 Mr. Xisbet offered the following preamble and resolu- 
 uons. which were taken up, read, and adopted. 
 
 n hereas. The government of the Confederate States has 
 authorized bonds to be issued, running from five to ten 
 years, and secured by an export duty of one eighth of one 
 per cent, per pound upon cotton, for the purpose of meet- 
 ing the pecuniary necessities of that government. And, 
 Whereas, investment in such funds may be both convenient 
 
198 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 and safe for executors, administrators, guardians, and other 
 trustees, and at the same time contribute to the sum needed 
 by the Confederate States. Therefore, 
 
 Resolved, That the Legislature of this State be, and is 
 hereby requested, at its next session, to consider of the 
 propriety of passing a law, authorizing executors, admin- 
 istrators, guardians and other trustees, to invest trust 
 funds in their hands in the bonds of the Confederate States 
 upon the same terms that such trustees are now by law 
 authorized to invest in the bonds of the State of Georgia. 
 
 Mr. Fouche moved to take up the Resolution introduced 
 by Mr. Hawkins, providing for the appointment by the 
 President, of a Committee of sixteen, two from each Con- 
 gresssional District, to arrange fen Congressional Districts 
 for the State, &c. 
 
 The motion was agreed to, when Mr. Fouche moved to 
 insert a committee of "twenty-four," and "three" from 
 each Congressional District, instead of a committee of 
 "sixteen," and "two" from each Congressional District. 
 
 The amendment was received. 
 
 Mr. Hill of Troup, offered the following as a substitute 
 for the Resolution, as amended: 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To organize Congressional Districts for the State of Geor- 
 gia: 
 
 Be it Ordained by the People of Georgia, in Convention 
 assembled, 
 
 That until otherwise ordered by the General Assembly 
 of the State of Georgia, the several Congressional Districts 
 for the State of Georgia, shall be composed of the counties 
 following, to-wit : 
 
 Mr. Clark moved that the Resolution be referred to a 
 Special Committee, to consist of the members of this body 
 who are delegates to the Congress at Montgomery, together 
 with the mover of the Resolution, to report upon the pro- 
 priety and necessity of accepting the same. 
 
 Pending the consideration of which, Mr. Hawkins called 
 for the "previous question," which, being seconded and sus- 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 199 
 
 taiiied, the main question was put. to-wit: the adoption 
 of the original Resolution as amended, which was decided in 
 the affirmative. yj,. 
 So the Resolution was adopted. 
 
 Mr. Styles moved to take up his Resolution instructing 
 the Governor to furnish side arms to the officers of Military 
 Companies who have, or may hereafter draw arms from 
 the State. 
 
 The motion was agreed to, when Mr. Cobb moved to 
 refer the same to the committee on Military Affairs. 
 
 Mr. Cobb, from the committtee on the Constitution and 
 Laws of the State, and the Constitution of the United 
 States, reported the following Resolutions : 
 
 Resolved, That in the publication of the Revised Code 
 of the Laws of this State, adopted by the Legislature at its 
 late session, the "United States" shall be stricken out, and 
 the "Confederate States," substituted, wherever the same 
 may be necessary. 
 
 Resolved, further, That the Constitutton of the Confed- 
 erate States shall be published as a part of the Code. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Cobb, the same was taken up, read, 
 and adopted. 
 
 Mr. Alexander of Upson offered the following: Resolution. 
 
 J. o " 
 
 which was taken up, read, and adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That the committee on Enrollment be re- 
 quested to make suitable arrangements for the delegates of 
 this Convention to affix their signatures, at their conven- 
 ience, to the Ordinance adopting and ratifying the perma- 
 nent Constitution of the Confederate States of America. 
 
 The Ordinance laid on the table by Mr. Styles to appro- 
 priate money for the use of the Confederate States of 
 America, was taken up, read, and referred to the Commit- 
 tee on Military affairs. 
 
 Mr. Gardner laid on the fable the following Ordinance, 
 which was taken up, read, and referred to the committee 
 on the Constitution and Laws of the State and the United 
 States : 
 
200 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To alter Sections the -3rd and 12th, of Article 1st, and Sec- 
 tion 1st of Article 2nd of the Constitution of the State 
 of Georgia : 
 
 Be it Ordained, by the People of Georgia, in Convention 
 assembled, 
 
 That the third Section of the first Article, and the first 
 Section of the second Article of the Constitution of this 
 State be so altered as to extend the term of office of the 
 Governor and members of the Senate of the Legislature of 
 the State of Georgia to four years next succeeding their 
 election, and that the election of said civil officers be held 
 on the first Monday in October every four years, in per- 
 suance of the requirements of this Ordinance. 
 
 Be it further Ordained, by the authority aforesaid, That 
 Section 12th of Article 1st t)f the Constitution of this 
 State be so altered as to change the sessions of the Legis- 
 lature from annual to bi-ennial, and to require said sessions 
 of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia to com- 
 mence bi-ennially on the first Wednesday in November, 
 immediately following each bi-ennial election of members 
 of the House of Representatives. The term of said ses- 
 sions to continue the same as that now prescribed by law. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Hull, the second Section of the Or- 
 dinance to alter and amend the 3rd, 4th, 7th, and Sth 
 Sections of the first Article of the Constitution of this 
 State, and for other purposes, was taken up for considera- 
 tion and read, and, on his motion, was referred to the com- 
 mittee on the Constitution and Laws of the State, and of 
 the United States. 
 
 The third Section of the Ordinance w T as taken up and 
 read, when Mr. Cobb offered the following as a substitute 
 for the same, to- wit : 
 
 The House of Representatives shall consist of two hundred 
 members, composed as follows : each county shall have one 
 Representative. The remaining number shall be distributed 
 by the Legislature among the counties having the largest 
 representative population, so as as to give to each of such 
 counties such a proportion of the same as their population de- 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION, 
 
 201 
 
 mands ; Provided, no county shall have more than one 
 member, whose representative population does not exceed 
 thousand persons. 
 
 Mr. Garvin offered the following as a substitute for the 
 foregoing and original Resolution: 
 
 The House of Representatives shall consist of one hun- 
 dred and eighty-two members. Each county shall have 
 one Representative, and the ten counties having the high- 
 est representative population shall have three Representa- 
 tives each, and the thirty counties having the next largest 
 population, two Representatives each. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Kenan, the original Section and the 
 substitute were laid on the table for the balance of the 
 session. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Chastain, the Convention then ad- 
 journed till ten o'clock to-morrow morning. 
 
 TUESDAY, MARCH 19, 1S61 
 
 The Convention met pursuant to adjournment, and was 
 opened with prayer by the Rev. Mr. Pryse. 
 
 The roll was called, and a quorum being present, the 
 iournal was read. 
 
 Mr. Cobb moved that so much of the journal of yester- 
 day as relates to the adoption of the motion of Mr. Kenan, 
 " to lay on the table for the balance of the session," the 
 original third section, and the substitutes therefor, of the 
 ordinance reported by the Committee on Reduction, be re- 
 considered. 
 
 Upon which motion the yeas and nays were demanded to 
 be recorded. 
 
 The yeas are 117 ; nays 131, to-wit : 
 
 Those who voted in the affirmative are Messrs. 
 
 . 
 
 Adams of Camden, Alexander of Upson, 
 
 Adams of Putnam, Allen, 
 Alexander of Fulton, Arnold, 
 
202 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Beasley, 
 
 Beall of Troup, 
 
 Berming, 
 
 Blaiock, 
 
 Brown of Houston, 
 
 Bryan, 
 
 Calhoun, 
 
 Cantrell, 
 
 Casey, 
 
 Cobb, 
 
 Cody, 
 
 Collins, 
 
 Cox, 
 
 Crawford of Greene, 
 Crawford of Richmond, 
 Dabney, 
 
 Davis of Putnam, 
 
 Davenport of Sumter, 
 
 Dewberry, 
 
 Dickerson, 
 
 Fain, 
 
 Fort of Stewart, 
 
 Fouche, 
 
 Furlow, 
 
 Gardner, 
 
 Garvin, 
 
 Glenn of Fulton, 
 
 Glenn of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Glover, 
 
 Gordon, 
 
 Graham, 
 
 Gray, 
 
 Gresham, 
 
 Gunn, 
 
 Haines, 
 
 Hamilton, 
 
 Hammond, 
 
 Han sell, 
 
 Harris of Hancock, 
 
 Harvey, 
 
 Hawkins, 
 
 Hendricks, 
 
 Billiard, 
 
 Hoyal, 
 
 Hudson of Harris, 
 Hull, 
 
 Humphries, 
 Jennings, 
 
 Johnson of Clayton, 
 Johnson of Oglethorpe 
 Jones of Burke, 
 Ketch um, 
 Kill gore, 
 
 Lamar of Lincoln, 
 
 Lamar of Bibb, 
 
 Low, 
 
 Lindley, 
 
 Logan, 
 
 Logue, 
 
 Lyle, 
 
 Mabry of Heard, 
 man son , 
 
 Martin of Elbert, 
 
 Martin of Lumpkin, 
 
 McOonnell of Cherokee, 
 
 McCulloch, 
 
 McDaniel, 
 
 Means, 
 
 Moor of Spalding, 
 
 Montgomery, 
 
 Morrow, 
 
 Neal of Columbia, 
 Neal of Talbot, 
 Nisbet, 
 
 Phinizy of Monroe, 
 Phinizy of Richmond, 
 Picket', 
 Pinson, 
 Pittman, 
 Pitts, 
 Poullain, 
 Reese, 
 Reynolds, 
 Rice, 
 Roddey, 
 Rutherford, 
 Safibld, 
 Sharman, 
 Sharpe, 
 
 Shropshire of Chattooga, 
 
 Shropshire of Floyd, 
 
 Skelton, 
 
 Singleton, 
 
 Spence, 
 
 Stapleton, 
 
 Stephens of Monroe, 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 203 
 
 Strickland of Forsyth. 
 Teaslev, 
 
 Thomas of Whitfield. 
 
 Tidwell, 
 
 Trippe, 
 
 Troup, 
 
 Tucker of Laurens, 
 Warner, 
 
 Wellborn, 
 Whitehead, 
 Willin<rham, 
 Willis," 
 
 Winn of Cobb, 
 
 Word, 
 
 Wright, 
 
 Young of Gordon, 
 
 Those who voted in the negative are Messrs 
 AUood, 
 
 Bell of Forsyth, 
 Black, 
 Bo wen, 
 Bozeman, 
 Brewton, 
 
 Briggs, 
 Briscoe, 
 
 Brown of Marion, 
 
 Brown of Webster, 
 
 Burnett, 
 
 Bush, 
 
 Butts, 
 
 Byrd, 
 
 Cannon of Rabun, 
 
 Cannon of Wayne, 
 
 Carson, 
 
 Cars well, 
 
 Chastain, 
 
 Cheshier, 
 
 Clarke, 
 
 Cleveland, 
 
 Cochran of Terrell, 
 
 Cochran of Wilkinson, 
 
 Coleman, 
 
 Corn, 
 
 Daniel, 
 
 Davis of Chattahoochee, 
 Davenport of Clay, 
 * Day, 
 Deupree, 
 Farnsworth, 
 Fleming, 
 Fitzpatrick, 
 Ford, 
 
 Fort of Wayne, 
 
 Frier, 
 
 French, 
 
 Caulden, 
 Gee, 
 
 Gholston, 
 Hale, 
 Hall, 
 Harville, 
 Harris of Glynn, 
 Harris of Mcintosh. 
 Head, 
 Henderson, 
 Hendry, 
 Herrington, 
 Hines, 
 Hood, 
 Howell, 
 
 Hudson of Gwinnett, 
 
 Huggins, 
 
 Hust, 
 
 Jackson, 
 
 Johnson of Hall, 
 
 Johnson of Jefferson, 
 
 Jones of Chatham, 
 
 Jordan, 
 
 Kenan, 
 
 Kimsey, 
 
 Kirkland, 
 
 Knox, 
 
 Lamb, 
 
 Larrimer of Appling, 
 Lattimer of Montgomery. 
 Lester, 
 Long, 
 
 Mabrv of Berrien, 
 Marshall, 
 
 McConnell of Catoosa, 
 
 McDonald, 
 
 McGriff, 
 
 McLeod, 
 
204 
 
 JO 
 
 AL OF THE 
 
 McRae, 
 Mershon, 
 Milton, 
 
 Moore of Bulloch, 
 Mounger, 
 Overstreet, 
 Padget, 
 Paris, 
 Patrick, 
 Pierce, 
 Poe, 
 PojFord, 
 Ponder, 
 Porter, 
 Price, 
 
 Ramsey of Clinch, 
 Ramsey of Muscogee, 
 Reed, 
 
 Richardson of Lee, 
 Robinson, 
 
 Sheffield of Calhoun, 
 Shell, 
 Slater, 
 
 Simmons of Pickens, 
 Simms,. 
 Sirmons, 
 Sisk, 
 
 Smith of Charlton, 
 So the motion did not prevail. 
 
 The President announced the following committee under 
 the resolution of Mr. Hawkins, adopted on yesterday, to 
 appoint a committee to form ten Congressional Districts 
 for this State, and report the same to this Convention, to- 
 wit : 
 
 Mr. Hawkins, chairman, from the Second District. 
 
 Messrs. Jones of Chatham, Fleming and Brewton from 
 the First District. 
 
 Messrs. Fort of Stewart, and Rutherford from the Second 
 District. 
 
 Messrs. Lamar of Bibb, Cleveland and Sharman from the 
 Third District. 
 
 Messrs. Lindley, Manson, and Alexander from the Fourth 
 District. 
 
 Smith of Johnson, 
 
 Solomons, 
 
 Starr, 
 
 Stephens of Hancock, 
 Stephens of Pierce, 
 Stephens of Taliaferro, 
 Street, 
 
 Strickland of Tatnall, 
 
 Styles, 
 
 Taliaferro, 
 
 Thomas of Dooly, 
 
 Tillman, 
 
 Tomlinson, 
 
 Tucker of Colquitt, 
 
 Turner of Wilcox, 
 
 Usry, 
 
 Varnadoe, 
 
 Walton, 
 
 Webb, 
 
 Whelchel, 
 
 Williams , of Chattooga. 
 
 Williams of Harris, 
 
 Williams of Mcintosh, 
 
 Williamson, 
 
 Winn of Gwinnett, 
 
 Yopp, 
 
 Young of Irwin. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 205 
 
 Messrs. Word, Farnsworth and Walton from the Fifth 
 District. 
 
 Messrs. Knox, Ketchum, and Hill of Hart from the Sixth 
 District. 
 
 Messrs. Jordan, Briscoe and Gray from the Seventh Dis- 
 trict. 
 
 Messrs. Usry, Allen, and Singleton from the Eighth Dis- 
 trict. 
 
 The President laid on the table a communication from 
 the Hon. A. R. Wright, the commissioner from the State of 
 Georgia to the State of Maryland, in which was enclosed a 
 communication from the Governor of Maryland to said 
 Commissioner, which was read, and, 
 
 On motion of Mr. Varnadoe, the communication of the 
 Governor of Maryland was laid on the table for the balance 
 of the session. 
 
 . . 
 
 Mr. Roddey laid on the table a preamble and resolution, 
 which were read, to-wit : 
 
 Whereas, The Legislature of Georgia authorized the sus- 
 pension of the Banks of the State, and by the act of the 
 Congress of the Confederate States, duties on imports are 
 made payable in specie, and in consequence of the Bank 
 suspension and other causes, exchange and specie has risen 
 to per cent. And whereas both the duties and premium 
 on exchange, first advanced by the importing merchant and 
 finally paid by the people, who consume the imported goods, 
 amount to a burdensome tax ; and whereas it is believed 
 that the duties aforesaid might be payable in the Bank cur- 
 rency of the respective States, or other arrangements made 
 which would relieve the people from the costs of specie, 
 without detriment to the public service ; therefore, 
 
 Resolved, That the Congress of the Confederate States 
 are hereby respectfully requested to enquire into the prac- 
 ticability of so amending the revenue laws, as to authorize 
 the duties on imports to be paid in the bills of such solvent 
 banks of the Confederate States as may be selected for that 
 purpose by the Secretary of the Treasury, or in their wis- 
 dom to make such other provision for the collection of the 
 
206 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 revenue, as will relieve the country from the payment of 
 existing premiums on specie. 
 
 Mr. Moor, of Spalding, from the Committee on Enroll- 
 ment made the following report : 
 
 Mr. President : 
 
 The Committee on Enrollment report as duly enrolled 
 and ready for the signature of the President-— 
 
 A resolution to strike out " United States' 1 in the Revised 
 Code of the Laws of this State, and to insert " Confederate 
 States" and in the publication thereof. 
 
 Also, 
 
 A resolution relative to investment by administrators, 
 guardians, &c, of trust funds in the bonds of the Confede- 
 rate States — 
 
 Which resolutions were signed, and transmitted to the 
 Secretary of State. 
 
 Mr. Alexander, of Upson, laid on the table the following 
 resolution, which was read : 
 
 Resolrrd, That this Convention will adjourn on Friday, 
 the 22d instant, to re-assemble at Milledgeville at the call 
 of the President, if 'the public interest should require the 
 same, and in case of his death or resignation, then at the 
 call of the Governor. 
 
 Mr. Cobb, from the Committee on the Constitution and. 
 Laws of the State, and the Constitution of the United 
 States, to whom was referred the revision of the Constitu- 
 tion of the State, asked leave of absence for said commit- 
 tee during the sittings of the Convention, and also the 
 privilege of directing that 300 copies of their report, as far 
 as it has progressed, be printed. 
 
 The leave asked for was granted. 
 
 Mr. Robinson moved to take up his resolution relative to 
 the per diem pay of the members of this Convention on the 
 day of their visit to Fort Pulaski, 
 
 The motion was lost. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 20? 
 
 Leave of absence was granted to Messrs. Mitchell, Can- 
 non of Eabun, Hargrove and Poe. 
 7 9 
 
 Mr. Hood offered the following resolution, which was 
 taken up and read : . * 
 
 Re-solved, That no member of this Convention .-hall re- 
 ceive per diem compensation after leave of absence granted 
 for the balance of the session, or who sfeall leave the Con- 
 vention without permission. 
 
 Mr. Styles moved to lay the resolution on the table the 
 balance of the session, which motion was lost. 
 
 Mr. Wellborn moved to add the words '''except on account 
 of sickness in his family/' which was lost. 
 
 Tke resolution was then adopted. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Bell, of Forsyth, the preamble and 
 resolution introduced by him on yesterday relative to econ- 
 omy in the public expenditures and the multiplication of 
 offices in the State and Federal 'Governments; were-takeu 
 up and read. 
 
 Mr. Styles moved to refer the same to the Committee on 
 the Constitution and Laws of the State, and Constitution of 
 the United States/ 4 
 
 Pending the consideration of which, Mr. Bell, of Forsyth, 
 called for the " previous question," which being seconded 
 and sustained, the main question, to-wit, the adoption of 
 the resolution, was put upon its passage, when he deman- 
 ded that the veas and navs be recorded. 
 
 There are veas 141 ; navs 36, to-wit : 
 
 Those who voted in the affirmative are Messrs. 
 
 Alexander of Upson, Bowem 
 
 . Algood, Brewton. 
 
 Arnold, Briscoe, 
 
 Beasley, Brown of Marion. 
 
 Beall of Forsyth, Brown of Webster. 
 
 Beall of Troup. Bush, 
 
 Black, Butts, 
 
JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Byrd, 
 Calhoun, 
 
 Cannon of Rabun, 
 Carson, 
 Chastain, 
 Cheshier, 
 
 Cochran of Terrell, 
 
 Cochran of Wilkinson, 
 
 Coleman, 
 
 Corn, 
 
 Cox, 
 
 Daniel, 
 
 Davis of Putnam, 
 Davenport of Sumter, 
 Day, 
 
 Dewberry, 
 Dickerson, 
 Fain, 
 
 Farnsworth, 
 
 Fitzpatrick, 
 
 Ford, 
 
 Frier, 
 
 Gholston, 
 
 Gordon, 
 
 Graham, 
 
 Gresham, 
 
 Hale, 
 
 Hall, 
 
 Hamilton, 
 
 Hammond, 
 
 Harris of Hancock, 
 
 Harvey, 
 
 Head, 
 
 Henderson, 
 
 Hendricks, 
 
 Herrington, 
 
 Hoyal, 
 
 Hudson of Gwinnett, 
 Hudson of Harris, 
 Huggins, 
 Hust, 
 
 Johnson of Clayton, 
 Johnson of Hall, 
 Johnson of Jefferson, 
 Jones of Burke, 
 Jones of Chatham, 
 Killgore, 
 Kimsey, 
 
 Kirkland, 
 Knox, 
 
 Lamar of Bibb, 
 
 Lattimer of Montgomery. 
 
 Lester, 
 
 Lindley, 
 
 Lyle, 
 
 Mabry of Berrien, 
 Mabry of Heard, 
 Man son, 
 Marshal], 
 
 Martin of Lumpkin, 
 McConnell of Cherokee, 
 McCulIoch, 
 McDaniel, 
 McDonald, 
 McRae, 
 Means, 
 Mershon, 
 Milton, 
 Moor of Spalding, 
 Montgomery, 
 Morrow, 
 Neal of Talbot, 
 Nisbet, 
 Padget, 
 Pariss, 
 Patrick, 
 
 Phinizy of Monroe, 
 
 Phinizy of Richmond, 
 
 Pickett, 
 
 Pierce, 
 
 Pittman, 
 
 Pitts, 
 
 Pofford, 
 
 Ponder, 
 
 Prescott, 
 
 Price, 
 
 Reynolds, 
 
 Robinson, 
 
 Roddey, 
 
 Sharman, 
 
 Shell, 
 
 Shropshire of Chattooga, 
 Shropshire of Floyd, 
 Skelton, 
 
 Simmons of Pickens, 
 Sirmons, 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 209 
 
 Sisk, 
 
 Solomons, 
 Spence, 
 Stapleton, 
 Starr, 
 
 Stephens of Pierce, 
 Street, 
 
 Strickland of Forsyth, 
 Strickland of Tatnall, 
 Taliaferro, 
 
 Thomas of Whitfield, 
 Tidwell, 
 
 Tucker of Colquitt, 
 Turner of Hancock, 
 Usry, 
 Varnadoe, 
 
 Walton, 
 Webb, 
 Wellborn, 
 Willingham, 
 Williams of Chattooga,, 
 Williams of Harris, 
 Williamson, 
 Winn of Cobb, 
 Winn of Gwinnett, 
 Wood, 
 Word, 
 Wright, 
 Yopp. 
 
 Young of Gordon, 
 
 Young of Irwin. 
 
 Those who voted in the negative are Messrs. : 
 
 Blalock, 
 
 Bryan, 
 
 Burnett, 
 
 Davis of Chattahoochee, 
 
 Davenport of Clay, 
 
 Fleming, 
 
 Fort of Wayne, 
 
 French, 
 
 Furlow, 
 
 Gaulden, 
 
 Glenn of Fulton, 
 
 Glenn of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Gray, 
 
 Hansell, 
 
 Harville, 
 
 Harris of Glynn, 
 
 Harris of Mcintosh, 
 
 Hilliard, 
 
 Hines, 
 
 Humphries, 
 
 Jackson, 
 
 Johnson of Oglethorpe. 
 Lattimer of Appling, 
 McConnell of Catoosa,, 
 McLeod, 
 
 Moore of Bulloch, 
 
 Mounger, 
 
 Reed, 
 
 Richardson of Lee > 
 
 Singleton, 
 
 Smith of Johnson, 
 
 Styles, 
 
 Thomas of Dooly, 
 Tucker of Laurens, 
 Whitehead, 
 Williams of Mcintosh. 
 
 So the preamble and resolutions were adopted. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Alexander, of Upson, the Convention 
 then adjourned till eleven o'clock to-morrow morning. 
 
 14 * I vv/ 
 
210 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 WEDNESDAY, MAECH 20, 1861. 
 
 The Convention met pursuant to adjournment, and was 
 opened with prayer by the Rev. Mr. Staley. 
 
 A quorum being present, the journal was read. 
 
 Mr. Hansell moved to reconsider so much of the journal 
 of yesterday, as relates to the adoption of the preamble 
 and resolutions of Mr. Bell, of Forsyth, relative to econo- 
 my in the public expenditures and the multiplication of 
 officers in the State and Federal Governments. 
 
 The motion prevailed, when, on motion, the resolutions 
 w r ere taken up. 
 
 Mr. Means offered the following as an amendment, and an 
 additional resolution, which was received, to-wit : 
 
 Resolved, That this Convention recognises with sincere 
 pleasure, and high approval, the practical application of 
 the foregoing principles in the organization and outfit of 
 the Confederate States, and rely with confidence on the 
 wisdom and prudence of the proper authorities, for a 
 proper and economical administration. 
 
 Mr. Whitehead moved to lay the resolutions on the table 
 for the balance of the session. 
 
 The motion was lost, and the preamble and resolutions, as 
 amended, were adopted. 
 
 Mr. Clarke, of Dougherty, laid on the table the follow- 
 ing Ordinance, which was read : 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To modify the Act of the General Assembly of 1859, 
 relative to Bank Suspensions. 
 
 Be it ordained, That whenever a citizen shall present at 
 the counter of any of the Banks of this State, a certificate 
 of any collector of custom of this State, that said citizen 
 is due such Collector for duties on goods, a specified amount, 
 such Bank shall redeem in specie its own bills presented to 
 an amount at most equal to such amount due for customs; 
 provided such applicant shall, if required by the Bank, 
 
GEOEGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 211 
 
 swear that lie is a citizen of this State, in good faith, owing 
 said duties, and that he has not, in a similar manner, taken 
 from any other Bank an amount which, with the amount 
 then demanded, will exceed the amount covered by the 
 Collector's certificate. 
 
 Be i t further ordained, That this Ordinance shall continue 
 in force until further action is taken by the General As- 
 sembly of this State, or the Congress of the Confederate 
 States shall provide for the payment of the revenue in bills 
 of solvent Banks. 
 
 Be it further ordained, That if any Bank shall refuse to 
 redeem said bills in the manner aforesaid, it shall be liable 
 to all the penalties in force, prior to said Act of the General 
 Assembly of 1859. 
 
 Mr. Hill, of Troup, offered the following resolution, 
 which, by unanimous consent, was taken up, read, and 
 adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That the resolution in relation to per diem com- 
 pensation, shall not exclude from compensation the dele- 
 gate from Lincoln county to whom leave of absence w r as 
 granted on account of sickness, which sickness was con- 
 tracted while in attendance upon the Convention ; but said 
 delegate shall be entitled to full mileage andpe?- ^"m pay. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Cobb, chairman of the Committee on 
 the Constitution and Laws of the State, and of the United 
 States, the report of said Committee, on the " Constitu- 
 tion of the State," was made the special order of the day, 
 for to-morrow at 10 o'clock, A. M. 
 
 Mr. Eoddey, from the Committee to arrange the Senatorial 
 Districts, made the following report : 
 
 Mr. Roddey, from the Committee to whom was referred 
 the duty of arranging the Senatorial Districts of this State, 
 and to prepare an Ordinance therefor, reports the follow- 
 
 mg 
 
 ORDINANCE : 
 
 The people of Georgia in Convention assembled do hereby de- 
 clare and ordain, That the Senatorial Districts of this State 
 shall be organized by counties as follows : 
 
212 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 The first District shall consist of the counties of Chat- 
 ham, Bryan and Effingham. 
 
 The second of Liberty, Tatnall and Mcintosh. 
 
 The third of Wayne, Pierce and Appling. 
 
 The fourth of Glynn, Camden and Charlton. 
 
 The fifth of Coffee, Ware and Clinch. 
 
 The sixth of Echols, Lowndes and Berrien. 
 
 The seventh of Brooks, Thomas and Colquitt. 
 
 The eighth of Decatur, Mitchell and Miller. 
 
 The ninth of Early, Calhoun and Baker. 
 
 The tenth of Dougherty, Lee and Worth. 
 
 The eleventh of Clay, Randolph and Terrell. 
 
 The twelfth of Stewart, Webster and Quitman. 
 
 The thirteenth of Sumter, Schley and Macon. 
 
 The fourteenth of Doolv, Wilcox and Pulaski. 
 
 The fifteenth of Montgomery, Telfair and Irwin. 
 
 The sixteenth of Laurens, Johnson and Emanuel. 
 
 The seventeenth of Bulloch, Scriven and Burke. 
 
 The eighteenth of Richmond, Glasscock and Jefferson. 
 
 The nineteenth of Taliaferro, W arren and Greene. 
 
 The twentieth of Baldwin, Hancock and Washington. 
 
 The twenty-first of Twiggs, Wilkinson and Jones. 
 
 The twenty-second of Bibb, Monroe and Pike. 
 
 The twenty-third of Houston, Crawford and Taylor. 
 
 The twenty-fourth of Marion, Chattahoochee and Mus- 
 cogee. 
 
 The twenty-fifth of Harris, Upson and Talbot. 
 The twenty-sixth of Spalding, Butts and Fayette. 
 The twenty-seventh of Newton, Walton and Clarke. 
 The twenty-eighth of Jasper, Putnam and Morgan. 
 The twenty-ninth of Wilkes, Lincoln and Columbia. 
 The thirtieth of Oglethorpe, Madison and Elbert. 
 The thirty-first of Hart, Franklin and Habersham. 
 The thirty-second of White, Lumpkin and Dawson. 
 The thirty-third of Hall, Banks and Jackson. 
 The thirty-fourth of Gwinnett, DeKalb and Henry. 
 The thirty-fifth of Clayton, Fulton and Cobb. 
 The thirty-sixth of Merriwether, Coweta and CampbelL 
 The thirty-seventh of Troup, Heard and Carroll. 
 The thirty-eighth of Haralson, Polk and Paulding. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 213 
 
 The thirty-ninth of Cherokee, Milton and Forsyth. 
 The fortieth of Union, Towns and Rabun. 
 The forty-first of Fannin, Gilmer and Pickens. 
 The forty-second of Cass, Floyd and Chattooga. 
 The forty-third of Murray, Whitfield and Gordon. 
 The forty-fourth of Walker, Dade and Catoosa. 
 
 The Report was taken up and read. 
 Mr. Tidwell, from the same committee, offered the fol- 
 io wins as a minoritv 
 
 REPORT : 
 
 The 3?th District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Troup, Merriwether, and Heard; the 36th District, of 
 Coweta, Fayette, and Clayton; the 3 -1th District, of Ful- 
 ton, Gwinnett, and DeKalb ; the 3-5th District, of Cobb, 
 Campbell, and Carroll: the 26th District, of Spalding, 
 
 Henry, and Butts. 
 
 * i»- »i . *». 
 
 Mr. Chastain moved the previous question, which 
 being seconded and sustained, the main question, to-wit : 
 the adoption of the original Heport, was put, and decided 
 in the affirmative. So the Ordinance embraced therein, 
 having been read twice, was adopted. 
 
 Mr. Glenn of Fulton, from the committee on the Con- 
 stitution and Laws of the State, and the Constitution of 
 the Uuired States, to whom was referred the Resolution 
 tendering a location for the Capitol of the Confederate 
 States, reported the following Resolutions : 
 
 Resolved^ That the Convention hereby expresses the 
 willingness of the People of Georgia to cede a portion of 
 the Territory of this State, not exceeding ten miles square, 
 to the Government of the Confederate States, for a Capital 
 and permanent seat of Government; and should the Con- 
 h:-derate States select any portion of the Territory of this 
 State for said purpose, the Legislature be, and it is hereby 
 authorized to cede jurisdiction thereof ; if, in their judg- 
 ment, such cession be consistent with the interest and 
 safety of the State. 
 
 Resolved, That the President of this Convention forward 
 a certified copy of the above and foregoing Resolution to 
 
214 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 the President of the Congress of the Provisional Govern- 
 ment of the Confederate States. 
 
 >,$ vVv i • •/.• • y\-v»&-*'\^.--+* v 
 
 The report was taken up, read, and adopted. 
 Mr. Cannon of Rabun laid upon the table the following 
 Resolution, which was taken up, read and lost: 
 
 Resolved, That the Resolution relative to compensation, 
 shall not exclude the delegate from Rabun county, w T ho 
 has been granted leave of absence on account of sickness, 
 which sickness was contracted while returning from the 
 session at Milledgeville. 
 
 Mr. Alexander of Upson offered the following Ordinance, 
 which was taken up, and read: 
 
 AN ORLINANCE 
 
 To perfect the organization of the Senate of the State of 
 
 Georgia : 
 
 Be it Ordained, by the People of Georgia, in Convention 
 assembled, and it is hereby Ordained by authority of the 
 same, 
 
 That when the Senate shall convene and organize, it 
 shall as soon as practicable, proceed to divide the said 
 Senators into two classes; one class to consist of the 
 Senators chosen from the Districts which are known by 
 having odd numbers, and the other class to consist of the 
 Senators chosen from the Districts being known by even 
 numbers — one class to hold their office for two years, and 
 the other class for four years — the same to be determined 
 by lot. At every subsequent election (which shall be bi- 
 ennial,) each District of the class whose time it shall be to 
 elect, shall choose its Senator, who shall hold his office for 
 the term of four years. 
 
 Mr. Tidwell moved to refer the same to the committee 
 on the Constitution and Laws. 
 The motion w T as lost. 
 
 Mr. Starr moved to strike out all in relation to the divis- 
 ion of Senators, and the four years tenure, and insert "that 
 the Senators shall be elected bi-enially." 
 
 Mr. Alexander of Upson moved the previous question, 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 215 
 
 which being seconded and sustained, the main question, 
 to-wit: the passage of the Ordinance, was put, when the 
 yeas and nays were demanded to be recorded. 
 
 There are yeas 88, nays 146. 
 
 Those who voted in the affirmative, are Messrs. 
 
 Adams of Camden, 
 Adams of Putnam, 
 Alexander of Fulton, 
 Alexander of Upson, 
 Allen, 
 Bartow, 
 
 Bell of Forsyth, 
 Beall of Troup, 
 Benning, 
 Black, 
 
 Brown of Houston, 
 
 Brown of Marion, 
 
 Bryan, 
 
 Burnett. 
 
 Calhoun, 
 
 Clarke, 
 
 Cobb, 
 
 Crawford of Richmond, 
 
 Davis of Chattahoochee, 
 
 Davis of Putnam, 
 
 Dewberry, 
 
 Ellington, 
 
 Fleming:, 
 
 Fields," 
 
 Fort of Stewart, 
 Fort of Wayne, 
 Gaul den, 
 Gardner, 
 Garvin, 
 
 Glenn of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Giles, 
 
 Gordon, 
 
 Gray, 
 
 Harris of Hancock, 
 
 Harvey. 
 
 Hendricks, 
 
 Hilliard, 
 
 Hull, 
 
 Humphries, 
 Johnson of Jefferson, 
 Johnson of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Jones of Chatham, 
 
 Kenan, 
 
 Ketchum, 
 
 Lamar of Lincoln, 
 
 Lamar of Bibb, 
 
 Logan, 
 
 Lyle, 
 
 Man son, 
 
 Martin of Elbert, 
 Martin of Lumpkin, 
 McCulloch, 
 McDaniel, 
 Means, 
 
 Moor of Spalding, 
 
 Mounger, 
 
 Munnerlvn, 
 
 Neil of Talbot, 
 
 Msbet, 
 
 Padget, 
 
 Phinizy of Monroe, 
 
 Phinizy of Richmond, 
 
 Pitts, 
 
 Porter, 
 
 Reese, 
 
 Richardson of Lee, 
 Robinson, 
 Roddey, 
 Rutherford, 
 Sharp e, 
 Shell, 
 Skelton, 
 Simms, 
 Singleton, 
 Solomons, 
 Spencer, 
 
 Stephens of Hancock, 
 Stephens of Taliaferro, 
 Strickland of Forsyth, 
 Thomas of Dooly, 
 Thomas of Whitfield, 
 Trippe,. 
 
.6 JOURNAL 
 
 Turner of Wilcox, 
 
 Varnadoe, 
 
 Willingham, 
 
 Those who voted in the ne: 
 
 Algood, 
 Arnold, 
 Blalock, 
 Bo wen, 
 Bozeman, 
 Brew ton, 
 Briscoe, 
 
 Brown of Webster, 
 Bullard, 
 Bush, 
 Butts, 
 Byrd, : 
 
 Cannon ot Rabun, 
 Cannon of Wayne, 
 Cantrell, 
 Carson, 
 Carswell, 
 . Casey 4\ 
 C has tain, 
 Cheshier, 
 Cleaveland, 
 Cochran of Terrell, 
 Cochran of Wilkinson, 
 Coleman, 
 Corn, 
 
 Crawford of Greene, 
 Daniel, 
 
 Davenport of Clay, 
 Davenport of Sumter, 
 Day, 
 
 Dickerson, 
 Fain, 
 
 Farnsworth, 
 Fitzpatrick, 
 Ford, 
 Fouche, 
 Freeman, 
 Frier, 
 French, 
 Furlow, 
 
 Glenn of Fulton, 
 Glover, 
 Gunn, 
 
 OP THE 
 
 Wood, 
 Word, 
 
 Young of Gordon. 
 ;ative are Messrs. 
 
 Hale, 
 
 Hall, 
 
 Haines, 
 
 Hammond, 
 
 Hansell, 
 
 Harvill, 
 
 Harris of Glynn, 
 
 Harris of Mcintosh, 
 
 Hawkins, 
 
 Head, 
 
 Henderson, 
 
 Hendry, 
 
 Herrington, 
 
 Hill of Troup, 
 
 Hines, 
 
 Hoyal, 
 
 Hood, 
 
 Howell, 
 
 Hudson of Gwinnett, 
 
 Hudson of Harris, 
 
 Huggins, 
 
 Hust, 
 
 Jackson, 
 
 Jennings, 
 
 Johnson of Clayton, 
 
 Johnson of Hall, 
 
 Jones of Burke, 
 
 Killgore, 
 
 Kimsey, 
 
 Kirkland, 
 
 Knox, 
 
 Lamb, 
 
 Lattimer of Appling, 
 
 Lattimer of Montgomery, 
 
 Low, 
 
 Lester, 
 
 Lindley, 
 
 Logue, 
 
 Mabry of Berrien, 
 Marshall, 
 
 Martin of Merri wether, 
 McConnell of Catoosa, 
 McConnell of Cherokee, 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 217 
 
 McDonald, 
 
 McLeod, 
 
 McRae, 
 
 Mershon, 
 
 Milton, 
 
 Moore of Bulloch, 
 
 Montgomery, 
 
 Morrow, 
 
 Overstreet, 
 
 Paris, 
 
 Patrick, 
 
 Pickett, 
 
 Pierce, 
 
 Pittman, 
 
 Pofford, 
 
 Ponder, 
 
 Poullain, 
 
 Prescott, 
 
 Price, 
 
 Ramsey of Clinch, 
 
 Ramsey of Muscogee, 
 
 Reed, * 
 
 Reynolds, 
 
 Rice, 
 
 Saffold, 
 
 Shannon, 
 
 Shropshire of Floyd, 
 Slater, 
 
 Simmons of Pickens, 
 Sirmons, 
 
 So the Ordinance was lost. 
 
 Sisk, 
 
 Smith of Johnson, 
 Spence, 
 Stapleton, 
 Starr, 
 
 Stephens of Pierce, 
 Street, 
 
 Strickland of Tatnall, 
 Styles, 
 Taliaferro, 
 Teasley, 
 Tidwell, 
 Tillman, 
 Tomlinson, 
 Tucker of Colquitt, 
 Tucker of Laurens, 
 Walton, 
 Webb, 
 Wellborn, 
 Whelchel, 
 Whitehead, 
 
 Williams of Chattooga, 
 Williams of Harris, 
 Williams of Mcintosh, 
 Williamson, 
 Willis, 
 
 Winn of Cobb, 
 W right, 
 Yopp, 
 
 Young of Irwin* 
 
 Mr. Martin of Lumpkin laid upon the table the follow- 
 ing Preamble and Resolutions, which were taken up, and 
 read : 
 
 Whereas, The Rev. Charles W. Thomas, a citizen of 
 Georgia, and lately a Chaplain in the United States Navy, 
 did, upon the secession of the State of Georgia, imme- 
 diately resign his office in said United States Navy, thus 
 acknowledging his duty and allegiance, both to Georgia and 
 the South, as a true and devoted son. And whereas, in 
 point of talents and attainments, whether as rendering him 
 capable to honor his State, or serve the holy cause of 
 religion, he stands inferior to none. And whereas, as well 
 for his many years of laborious service, in doing good 
 
218 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 among the soldiery of the sea, at many personal sacrifices, 
 as his unabated desire to continue in a similar service un- 
 der the Confederate States of America : And whereas, he 
 was the first among his brother Chaplains, to approve the 
 policy of the seceding States, by being first to resign his 
 place in the old government. Therefore, 
 
 Resolved, That this Convention recommend him to the 
 appointing power of the Confederate States of America, 
 with the request that he receive the appointment of Senior 
 Chaplain of the Navy, or such other rank or station, as his 
 official character and merit deserves. 
 
 Resolved, That the Secretary forward a copy of the 
 foregoing Preamble and Resolutions to the proper depart- 
 ment of the Confederate States of America, having juris- 
 diction in the premises. 
 
 Mr. Bartow moved to refer the same to the committee 
 on Military Affairs. 
 
 The motion did not prevail, and the Preamble and Reso- 
 lutions were adopted. 
 
 Leave of absence was granted to Messrs. Hill of Hart, 
 and McGrrifF. 
 
 Mr. Cobb moved that when the Convention proceed to 
 consider the order of the day for to-morrow, it do so in 
 secret session. 
 
 The motion prevailed. 
 
 The Convention then adjourned till 4 o'clock, P. M. 
 
 FOUR O'CLOCK, P. M. 
 The Convention met persuant to adjournment. 
 
 Mr. Hawkins asked leave of absence for the balance of 
 the day, for the committee on the organization of the Con- 
 gressional Districts. 
 
 The leave of absence was granted. 
 
 Mr. Phinizy of Monroe offered the following Resolution, 
 which was taken up, read, and laid on the table for the 
 present: 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 219 
 
 Resolved, That this Convention will adjourn on Friday, 
 the 22nd inst. 
 
 Mr. Bartow from the committee on Military Affairs, laid 
 on the table the following Ordinance, which was taken up, 
 read twice, and adopted: 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To transfer to the Government of the Confederate States, 
 certain arms and munitions of war, and for other pur- 
 poses. 
 
 The people of Georgia m Convention assembled do ordain, 
 
 Section 1st. That the control of all military operations 
 in this State, having reference to or connection with ques- 
 tions between this State, or any of the Confederate States 
 of America, and powers foreign to them, is hereby trans- 
 ferred to the ^ Government of the Confederate States of 
 America. 
 
 Sec. 2d. That the State of Georgia hereby transfers 
 to the Government of the Confederate States of America, 
 the arms and munitions of war, acquired from the United 
 States, with the Forts and Arsenals, and which are now in 
 the said Forts end Arsenals. 
 
 Sec. 3d. That the Governor of this State is hereby au- 
 thorized to transfer to the Government of the Confederate 
 States, such arms, munitions of war, vessels or steamers be- 
 longing to the States, as in his judgment may be expedi- 
 ent, and upon such terms as may be agreed on with the 
 said Government of the Confederate States. 
 
 Sec. 4th. The transfer herein provided for, shall be con- 
 ducted on the part of this State by the Governor thereof, 
 the Government of the Confederate States undertaking to 
 account for all such arms and munitions of war, as are here- 
 by transferred. 
 
 He, also, from the same committee, reported the follow- 
 ing ordinance, which was taken up, read twice, and adopt- 
 ed. 
 
220 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To transfer to the Provisional Government of the Confede- 
 rate States of America, the use and occupancy of the 
 Forts, Arsenals, Navy Yards, Custom Houses, and other 
 public sites within the limits of this State. 
 
 The People of Georgia, in Convention assembled, do or- 
 da in, 
 
 That the Government of the Confederate States of Ame- 
 rica is hereby authorized to occupy, use, and hold posses- 
 sion of all Forts, Navy Yards, Arsenals, Custom Houses, 
 and other public sites, with their appurtenances within the 
 limits of this State, and lately in the possession of the 
 United States of America, and to repair, rebuild, and con- 
 trol the same at its discretion, until this ordinance be re- 
 pealed by a Convention of the people of this State. 
 
 Mr. Bartow laid on the table, the following memorial, 
 which was read: 
 
 To the Honorable, the President and Members of the Georgia 
 Convention. 
 
 The petition of the undersigned respectfully sheweth un- 
 to your honorable body, that by an ordinance passed on 
 the day A. D. 1861, the Governor of Geor- 
 gia was authorized to receive and commission into the ser- 
 vice of this State, all officers of the Army and Navy, mem- 
 bers of the Army and Navy of the United States who should 
 resign, and tender their services to the Governor of this 
 State. 
 
 That under the construction placed upon the ordinance 
 by his Excellency the Governor, it appears that the services 
 of your petitioner who recently resigned the position of 
 Captain in the United States Navy, cannot, under said ordi- 
 nance be accepted, and for this reason. 
 
 The ordinance referred to, appears to contemplate the 
 appointment of only such officers as should resign from the 
 active list of the United States Army and Navy. Your pe- 
 titioner was on the reserved list of the United States Navy, 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 221 
 
 and from that list resigned his position of Captain as afore- 
 said. 
 
 Your petitioner respectfully submits, that at his own re- 
 quest, he was placed upon the reserve list. That he is not 
 an invalid, but in the possession of sound health, and ready 
 and able to perform any and every service which may be 
 required of him, either at sea or upon shore. That he has 
 been for more than fifty years actively engaged in the Nav- 
 al service of the United States. That he is a native Geor- 
 gian, and very desirous of again serving his State in her 
 sovereign capacity, or as a naval officer in the Confederate 
 Navy. 
 
 And your petitioner would further show unto your hono- 
 rable body, that the reason why a retired list is used, is 
 simply, where there is a redundancy of officers, and where 
 advanced officers have been for a longtime actively engaged 
 in the service, leave of absence is granted to such officers, in 
 order to afford opportunty for recuiting themselves, and al- 
 so to permit young officers to see the service, which will 
 prepare them for any and every emergency. 
 
 And your petitioner would most respectfully and earnest- 
 ly request that your Honorable body would authorize his 
 Excellency the Governor, to receive your petitioner into 
 the service of the State, upon the same terms, and .Avith 
 the same rank with the position in the United States 
 Navy, from which your petitioner recently resigned. 
 
 And your petitioner hereby expresses himself ready and 
 anxious to do and perform any and every active service that 
 may be required of him. 
 
 And your petitioner would earnestly request that such a 
 construction may be placed upon the said ordinance, as will 
 relieve your petitioner from its application, and further that 
 his Excellency, the Governor of Georgia, may be enabled 
 under and by said ordinance and its provisions, to receive 
 into the service of the State your petitioner in the manner 
 within indicated. 
 
 And your petitioner as in duty bound will ever pray &c, 
 Signed, THOS. M. NEWELL, 
 
 late Captain of the U. S. Navy. 
 
 Savannah, March 19th, 1861. 
 
222 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 He then offered the following resolution, which was tak- 
 en up, and read: 
 
 Resolved, That officers of the Navy on the retired list, 
 shall be placed on the same footing as those on the active 
 list, under the provision of an ordinance entitled an or- 
 dinance concerning officers of the Army and Navy hereto- 
 fore passed by this Convention. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Kenan, the resolution was laid on the 
 table. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Alexander, of Upson, the Convention 
 then adjourned till ten o'clock to-morrow morning. 
 
 . 
 
 THURSDAY, MARCH 21, 1861. 
 
 The Convention met pursuant to adjournment, and was 
 opened with prayer by the Rev. Mr. Low. 
 
 A quorum being present, the journal was read, when 
 Mr. Tidwell moved to reconsider so much of the journal of 
 yesterday as relates to the adoption of the report of the 
 Committee to organize the Senatorial Districts of the State, 
 in relation to the rejection of his amendment, upon the 
 adoption of the ordinance reported by said committee. 
 
 The motion was lost. 
 
 Mr. Briscoe, from the Committee on Enrollment made 
 the following report, to-wit : 
 
 Mr. President: 
 
 The Committee on Enrollment report as duly enrolled, 
 and ready for the signature of the President — 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To transfer to the Provisional Government of the Con- 
 federate States of America, the use and occupancy of the 
 Forts, Arsenals, Navy Yards, Custom Houses, and other 
 public sites, within the limits of this State. 
 
GEOKGIA CONVENTION. 223 
 
 Also, 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To transfer to the Government of the Confederate States, 
 •certain arms and munitions of war, and for other purposes. 
 
 Both of which were signed by the President, and de- 
 p osited in the office of the Secretary of State. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Cobb, the Convention went into secret 
 session, and having spent some time therein, adjourned, on 
 motion of Mr. Cobb, till to-morrow morning nine o'clock. 
 
 FRIDAY, MARCH 22, 1861. 
 
 The Convention met pursuant to adjournment, and 
 was opened with prayer by the Rev. Mr. Williamson. 
 
 A quorum being present, the journal was read, 
 
 When leave of absence was granted to Mr. Stephens, of 
 Monroe, and Messrs. Ramsey and Munnerlyn, who have been 
 ordered to Pensacola with their companies, and also to Mr. 
 Garvin, of Richmond. 
 
 Mr. Hull announced that he was authorized and request- 
 ed by George Younge, Esq., the Superintendent of the 
 Georgia Railroad, at Augusta, to tender the use of that road 
 free of charge, to returning members and officers of the 
 Convention. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Cobb, the Convention went into secret 
 session, and having spent some time therein, adjourned till 
 ten o'clock to-morrow morning. 
 
 SATURDAY, MARCH 23, 1861. 
 
 The Convention met pursuant to adjournment, and was 
 opened with prayer by the Rev. Mr. Landrum. 
 
224 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 A quorum being present the journal was read. 
 
 The Convention then went into secret session, and having 
 spent some time therein, adjourned at night, sine die. 
 
 ■ 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 225 
 
 IN SECRET SESSION 
 
 AT SAVANNAH. 
 
 SAVANNAH, MARCH 8, 1S61. 
 
 The Convention, being in secret session, on motion c-l 
 Mr. Rice, took up the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That a 44 Committee of Seven" be appointed to 
 examine into the condition of the defences of the city of 
 Savannah and its approaches ; to enquire what additional 
 defence, if any, may be necessary, and to report to this 
 Convention at the earliest possible day. 
 
 Mr. Styles moved to amend the same by inserting after 
 the word "approaches" the following : "and along the coast 
 of Georgia.' n 
 
 The motion was lost. 
 
 - ■ 
 
 Mr. Shropshire, of Floyd, offered the following as a sub- 
 stitute for the fore<K)in£ resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That his Excellency, the Governor of this State, 
 be requested to communicate to this Convention all the 
 information in his possession relative to the condition of 
 the defences of the State. 
 
 Which, on motion of Mr. Briscoe, was amended by adding; 
 the following : 
 
 " And that a committee of seven be appointed to exam- 
 ine into the condition of the defences of Savannah and its 
 approaches ; to inquire what additional defence, if any. 
 may be necessary, and report thereon to this Convention at 
 the earliest possible day/' 
 15 
 
226 JOUKNAL OP THE 
 
 On motion of Mr. Harris, of Glynn, the same was further 
 amended by adding the following : 
 
 "And an additional Committee of Seven to enquire into 
 the whole coast of the State." 
 
 The substitute, as amended, was received, when Mr. 
 Styles moved that the Convention do now adjourn. 
 
 The motion was lost. 
 
 Mr. Roddey calledTor the "previous question" which being 
 seconded and sustained, the main question was put, to-wit, 
 upon the passage of original resolution of Mr. Rice, which 
 was carried. 
 
 So the resolution was adopted. 
 
 The Convention then adjourned till eleven o'clock to- 
 morrow morning. 
 
 FRIDAY, MARCH 15, 1861. 
 
 . 
 
 The Convention met in secret session, Mr. Hull in the 
 Chair, when the following communication from his Excel- 
 lency, Governor Brown, was taken up, read, and, 
 
 On motion of Mr. Glenn, of Fulton, was referred to the 
 " Committee on Military Affairs." to-wit : 
 
 Savannah, March 15th, 1861. 
 
 To the Convention : 
 
 While in session at Miiledgeville, an ordinance was pass- 
 ed by the Conventian, which made it my duty to raise two 
 regiments of regular troops in Georgia ; which regiments 
 were expected to be turned over to the General Govern- 
 ment of the seceding States when formed, and to become a 
 part of the regular Army of the Confederacy. The ordi- 
 nance made it my duty, as far as practicable, to officer the 
 regiments with Georgians, who were lately officers in the 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 2m 
 
 United States Army, and who had or might resign, with 
 the patriotic purpose of entering the service of this State. 
 I was also directed to preserve the relative rank of all such 
 officers. 
 
 In obedience to the commands of the Convention, I pro- 
 ceeded as fast as possible, with the organization of the regi- 
 ments. In the selection of officers, I not only appointed 
 every officer of the United States Army from Georgia, who 
 had at the time resigned, but I appointed every one on the 
 active list in the Army and Navy from Georgia. Some 
 were in Oregon or Washington Territory, some on the coast 
 of Africa., and one probably in India. These had not resign- 
 ed : but I felt it my duty to reserve a place for each of them, 
 till he could be heard from. I preserved the relative rank 
 of each, by appointing no one of a lower grade, over any 
 one of a higher grade ; and I advanced each as far as it was 
 in mv power to do. The whole number however, was not 
 sufficient to officer the two regiments. I was obliged there- 
 fore, to fill nart of the places with gentlemen from civil life. 
 This I did by the appointment of such gentlemen, as were, 
 in my iudgment, best cpialiried tor the discharge of the du- 
 ties of the respective positions assigned them. I may be 
 here excused for remarking, that my conduct has been criti- 
 cised and censured by some, because I appointed certain 
 gentleman from civil life, to higher positions than I give 
 some of the officers of the Army. 
 
 It is true that I have appointed gentlemen who were not 
 officers in the United States Army, to higher positions than 
 I have given to some who were officers of the Army. Had 
 I pursued a different course, and appointed no one from civil 
 life, all I had given each Army officer a place : I must have 
 excluded gentlemen of anything like high position, who had 
 age and experience, from any place in the regiments, as 
 they could not have accepted positions below the lowest 
 grades of Army officers. As an instance, I appointed Gen. 
 Chanes J. Williams, of Muscogee, who served with distinc. 
 tion in the war with Mexico, is the present Speaker of the 
 House of Representees of the State, and a Brigadier Gene- 
 ral , to the position of Lieutenant Colonel of the first Regi- 
 ment; and Col. E. W. Chastain, a member of this Conven- 
 tion, who has been a Representative in the Congress of the 
 
228 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 late United States, from this State, a$d who commanded a 
 regiment in the Florida war, as Lieutenant Colonel of the 
 Second Regiment. I certainly could not, with any degree 
 of propriety, have tendered either of these gentleman a 
 place below a young gentleman recently graduated at West 
 Point, who occupied the position of a Second Lieutenant 
 only, in the United States Army, 
 
 I might mention other instances when such an appoint- 
 ment would have been equally improper. Had I refused to 
 appoint any gentleman of position similar to those above 
 mentioned, and given all the first places to Army officers, I 
 must have filled all the remaining places with young gen- 
 tlemen from civil .life, who had but little experience. The 
 result would have been, that the Army officers and the young 
 gentlemen appointed from civil life, would have been alike 
 in a great measure, strangers to our people ; and could not 
 probably have enlisted the regiments in two years. Indeed 
 I may say, that nearly all the recruits obtained thus far, 
 have been enlisted by officers appointed from civil life. Most 
 of the recruits have enlisted because they knew those gen- 
 tlemen, had confidence in them, and were willing to serve 
 under them. They would not have enlisted under Army 
 officers or strangers. 
 
 Between four and five hundred recruits have already been 
 obtained, and others are coming in daily. Justice to them 
 requires that they be permitted to go under those on the 
 faith of whose command they enlisted, or that they be dis- 
 charged. It has frequently been remarked that the appoint- 
 ments made by me, would not be recognized by the Presi- 
 dent. I have organized the regiments and made the ap- 
 pointments under the direction of the Convention of the 
 people of this State, and must submit the question back to 
 the authority under which I have acted, for instruction in 
 the premises, in case the action of the authorities in this 
 State is not recognized. I am informed by a member of 
 the Convention, w T ho had an interview with the President, 
 that the regiments will be received for the three years for 
 which they enlisted, but that the officers will not be accept- 
 ed as permanent officers of the Army of the Confederate 
 States. It is for the Convention to say upon what terms 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 229 
 
 they will consent to have these regiments and their officers 
 received. 
 
 I have tendered them to the Secretary of War. and am 
 prepared to follow any instructions which the representa- 
 tives of the people, under whose authority I have acted, 
 may think proper to give. 
 
 It will be borne in mind by members of the Convention, 
 that the Legislature at its last session, authorized the Gov- 
 ernor to accept the services of ten thousand volunteers. 
 The Government of the Confederate States has assumed con- 
 trol of all military operations, which are to be conducted 
 -against foreign powers within the limits of any of the Con- 
 federate States. The State has reserved to itself however* 
 the right to repel invasion, and to use military force in case 
 of invasion or imminent danger thereof. 
 
 If we should be suddenly attacked by a large force, the 
 first law of nature might require that we meet and expel 
 the invaders without delay. In such an event, a thorough 
 organization of the Volunteer force of the State, would be 
 indispensable to prompt action. With a view to secure 
 such organization, I have appointed Colonel Henry R. Jack- 
 son, of Chatham, Major General of the first division of Vol- 
 unteer forces, and Paul J. Semmes of Muscogee, and William 
 Phillips of Cobb, Brigadier Generals. 
 
 Col. William H. T. Walker, late of the United States 
 Army, who has rendered most distinguished service on so 
 many battle-fields, has also been appointed Major General 
 of the second division. The first division will be organized 
 as speedily as possible, and the officers called together for 
 the purpose of drill ; after which they will be ordered to 
 hold the troops under their command in readiness as minute 
 men, to be called into active service, should a sudden inva- 
 sion, or a call from the Government of the Confederate 
 States render it necessary. The companies will not, how- 
 ever, be taken into the pay of the State, till they are requir- 
 ed for active service. 
 
 My sincere desire is to render to the government of the 
 Con ederate States, all the assistance in my power, in the 
 prosecution of the noble work in which the representatives 
 of a free and independent people are engaged. We must 
 remember, however, that the government has but recently 
 
230 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 been formed, and that time is necessary to the full develop- 
 ment of its resources and the manifestation of its power. 
 In the mean time, the State authorities should be actively 
 engaged in preparation for self-defence, and should leave 
 nothing undone which is necessary to advance the common 
 cause in which we are all so vitally interested. I shall, to 
 the extent of my ability, cheerfully and promptly carry into 
 effect all instructions which the Convention may think 
 proper to give upon this and other subjects. 
 
 I would enter more into detail in regard to our military 
 preparations, but do not think that the public interest 
 could at present be promoted by a public disclosure of 
 plans and operations which, to be successful, must necessa- 
 rily be private. 
 
 I respectfully suggest that the Convention authorize me; 
 by the sale of State Bonds, or the use of Treasury notes, 
 or both, to raise and expend such sums of money, in addi- 
 tion to the appropriation made by the Legislature, for mil- 
 itary purposes, as the public exigencies may require. 
 
 JOSEPH E. BROWN. 
 
 Mr. Rice, from the " Committee of Seven," who had 
 been appointed to examine into the condition of the defen- 
 ces of the city of Savannah and its approaches, to inquire 
 what additional defence, if any, was necessary, made the 
 following report, which was taken up, read, and, 
 
 On motion of Mr. Bartow, was referred to the " Com- 
 mittee on Military Affairs," to-wit : 
 
 The Committee appointed to examine into the condition 
 of the defences of the city of Savannah and its approaches, 
 and to enquire what additional defences, if any, may be 
 necessary, having, as far as in their power, performed the 
 duty assigned them, report as follows : 
 
 Having examined into the condition of the defences of 
 the city of Savannah and its approaches, and having taken 
 the opinions of persons skilled in such matters as to the 
 sufficiency of those defences, your committee report that 
 the defences of the city of Savannah and its approaches, in 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 231 
 
 their present condition, are entirely inadequte to its protec- 
 tion, and could not resist a strong hostile attack. This 
 inadequacy of these defences arises mainly from a want of 
 cannon, and especially from the want of guns of large 
 calibre and long range. We are assured by those skilled 
 in the science of defensive operations, that with a suffi- 
 ciency of guns of the right kind, the defences could soon 
 be rendered complete. The great difficulty has been, and 
 continues to be, in procuring such guns as are needed for 
 the defences. We learn from his Excellency, the Governor 
 of the State, that he had a contract with an Iron Compa- 
 ny in Pittsburg, Pa., for a number of such guns as are most 
 needed, but that when the guns were made, such was the 
 prejudice of the people of that city against the seceding 
 States, that the contractors declined delivering the guns? 
 and abandoned the contract. This delayed the obtaining 
 the needed supply of guns. The Governor informs your 
 committee that he is now procuring a supply of such guns 
 as are most needed from Iron Works hi the State of Virginia, 
 as fast as the same can be manufactured and forwarded. 
 The Government of the Confederacy having given notice to 
 the States of the Confederacy that it will take charge of all 
 Forts, Arsenals, &c, and of all military operations, it might 
 seem to be the duty of that government to provide for the 
 defence of Savannah, and of all exposed points of our State. 
 
 When, however, we recollect that the government of the 
 Confederacy is, as yet, only a provisional government, that 
 it has just been organized, and is as yet without money, or 
 the means of providing for the common defence of all the 
 States, except as the money is furnished to it by the States, 
 and that the State of Georgia must therefore from the ne- 
 cessity of the case furnish the money to provide for her 
 own defence, your committee think that the surest and the 
 best way of doing so will be for the State to continue to 
 purchase all the guns that may be needed for the defence of 
 the State. These guns will then be the property of the 
 State, and if at any time hereafter it should be deemed ad- 
 visable that the same should be turned over to the 
 government of the Confederacy, after a permanent govern- 
 ment is formed, and that the government can receive and 
 account for the guns on such terms as may be agreed on 
 
JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 between this State and the Confederate government. Your 
 committee would therefore recommend the passage of an 
 ordinance authorizing and instructing the Governor of this 
 State to continue to purchase as fast as the same can be 
 procured, all such guns as are or may be necessary for the 
 defence of Savannah and its approaches, as well as for the 
 defence of any other points on our seaboard, when the 
 same may be needed. 
 
 It is of the first importance that we make sure the de- 
 fence of our own State. Such moneys therefore as are 
 intended for that purpose had best be applied directly to 
 that purpose by our State. 
 
 In connection with the foregoing, your committee further 
 state that the present want of cannon for our defences, and 
 the difficulty of procuring them, led your committee into 
 the consideration of the propriety of the adoption by the 
 State of some measure by which an early and sure supply 
 of arms may be obtained by the State. At present the 
 .State is, as above mentioned, procuring cannon from 
 Iron Works in the State of Virginia. The present indica- 
 tions are that Virginia will, at least for some time, remain in 
 the United States. If hostilities should occur between the 
 United States and this Confederacy, the owner of those 
 works in "Virginia could not continue to furnish us with 
 •guns without a violation of the laws of the United States. 
 'There would, therefore, be great danger, in case war should 
 •occur between the United States and this Confederacy, that 
 oar supply of guns would be cut oft at the very time when 
 we might need them most. We could not, then, supply 
 ourselves from Europe, because guns would then become 
 -contraband articles. 
 
 It is therefore a matter of the greatest importance that 
 •we adopt measures to secure a supply of large guns (and 
 the same may be said of all munitions of war) by having 
 the same manufactured in our own State. To accomplish 
 this object, good policy as well as economy dictate the im- 
 portance of our encouraging any person or persons who 
 may be disposed to do so, to erect works for the manufac- 
 ture of cannon, &c. The erection of such works would 
 . require capital, and men of capital will hesitate about em- 
 
GEOEGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 233 
 
 barking their capital in what would be in this State 
 a new business, unless in some way secured against the 
 probability of loss. For these reasons and many others 
 which we could urge, your committee recommend that 
 encouragement be given to the erection of works in this 
 State for the manufacture of cannon, by the offer of a bonus 
 to any person or company who shall, at the earliest day, 
 erect works in this State for the manufacture and casting of 
 cannon, and who shall agree to furnish the State at reason- 
 able prices, such number of " Columbiads" and other can- 
 non as the State may require. W e recommend that the 
 bonus be offered for the casting of " Columbiads", because 
 that is the gun most needed for our defences. We feel as- 
 sured that if the payment of such a bonus secure the State 
 a supply of such guns as the State needs, it will be money 
 well spent. We therefore recommend the passage of the 
 " ordinance''' herewith submitted. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To encourage the manufacture of cannon in this State. 
 
 Be it ordained, by the people of the State of Georgia by their 
 delegates in Convention assmbled, and it is hereby ordained, 
 
 That the Governor of this State be, and he is hereby 
 authorized to offer a bonus not exceeding ten thousand dol- 
 lars to any person or company who shall erect a Foundry 
 in this State for the casting of cannon, and who shall at 
 the earliest day manufacture a ten inch " Columbiad," and 
 shall agree to furnish thereafter the State at reasonable 
 prices as many such guns and other large guns as shall be 
 required by the State, at the rate of three guns per week, 
 or such other number as may be agreed on, provided that 
 said gun and guns shall be subject to inspection by a com- 
 petent officer appointed by the Governor for that purpose. 
 
 The Convention then adjourned till ten o'clock to-mor- 
 row morning. 
 
234 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 THURSDAY, MARCH 21, 1S61. 
 
 The Convention met in secret session, when Mr. Cobb, 
 from the Committee on the Constitution and Laws of the 
 State, and the Constitution of the United States, to whom 
 was referred the revision of the (. onstitution of the State, 
 made the following Report : 
 
 THE 
 
 CONSTITUTION 
 
 OF 
 
 THE STATE OF GEORGIA. 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 Declaration of Fundamental Principles. 
 
 1. The fundamental principles of Free Government can- 
 not be too well understood, nor too often recurred to. 
 
 2. God has ordained that men shall live under govern- 
 ment; but as the forms and administration of civil govern- 
 ment are in human, and therefore, fallible hands, they may 
 be altered, or modified whenever the safety or happiness 
 of the governed requires it. No government should be 
 changed for light or transient causes ; nor unless upon 
 reasonable assurance that a better will be established. 
 
 3. Protection to person and property is the duty of 
 Government ; and a Government which knowingly and 
 persistently denies, or withholds from the governed such 
 protection, when within its power, releases them from the 
 obligation of obedience. 
 
 4. No citizen shall be deprived of life, liberty or proper- 
 ty, except by due process of law ; and of life or liberty, 
 only by the judgment of his peers. 
 
 5. The writ of "Habeas Corpus" shall not be suspended, 
 unless in case of rebellion or invasion, the public safety 
 may require it. 
 
 6. The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall 
 not be infringed. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 235 
 
 7. No religious test shall be required for the tenure of 
 any office ; and no religion shall be established by law ; 
 and no citizen shall be deprived of any right or privilege 
 by reason of his religious belief. 
 
 S. Freedom of thought and opinion, freedom of speech* 
 and freedom of the press, are inherent elements of politi- 
 cal liberty. Bat while every citizen may freely speak, 
 write and print, on any subject, he shall be responsible for 
 the abuse of the liberty. 
 
 9. The right of the people to appeal to the courts; to 
 petition Government on all matters of legitimate cogni- 
 zance ; and peaceably to assemble for the consideration of 
 any matter of public concern — shall never be impaired. 
 
 10. For every right, there should be provided a remedy ; 
 and every citizen ought to obtain justice without pur- 
 chase, without denial, and without delay — conformably to 
 the laws of the land. 
 
 11. Every person charged with an offence against the 
 laws of the State shall have the privilege and benefit of 
 counsel : 
 
 Shall be furnished, on demand, with a copy of the accu- 
 sation, and with a list of the witnesses against him : 
 
 Shall have compulsory process to obtain the attendance 
 of his own witnesses : 
 
 Shall be confronted with the witnesses testifvino- against 
 him ; and 
 
 Shall have a public and speedy trial by an impartial jury. 
 
 12. No person shall be put in jeopardy of life or liberty 
 more than once for the same offence. 
 
 13. Xo conviction shall work corruption of blood, or 
 sreneral forfeiture of estate. 
 
 14. Excessive bail shall not be required ; nor excessive 
 fines imposed : nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 
 
 15. The power of the courts to punish for contempt 
 shall be limited by Legislative Acts. 
 
 16. A faithful execution of the laws is essential to good 
 order : and good order in society is essential to liberty. 
 
 17. Legislative Acts in violation of the fundamental law 
 are void ; and the Judiciary shall so declare them. 
 
 IS. Ex post facto laws, and laws impairing the obligation 
 
236 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 of contracts, and retro-active legislation injuriously affect- 
 ing the right of the citizen, are prohibited. 
 
 19. Laws should have a general operation ; and no gen- 
 eral law shall be varied in a particular case by special Legis- 
 lation ; except with consent of all persons to be affected 
 thereby. 
 
 20. The right of taxation can be granted only by the 
 people; and shall be exercised only to raise revenue for 
 the support of Government, to pay the public debt; to 
 provide for the common defence, and for such other pur- 
 poses as are specified in the grant of powers. 
 
 21. In cases of necessity, private ways may be granted 
 upon just compensation being first paid; and with this 
 exception, private property shall not be taken except for 
 public use; and then, only upon just compensation; such 
 compensation, except in cases of pressing necessity, to be 
 first provided and paid. 
 
 22. The right of the people to be secure in their per- 
 sons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable 
 searches and seizures, shall not be violated ; and no war- 
 rant shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by 
 oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place 
 or places to be searched, and the persons and things to be 
 seized. 
 
 23. Martial law shall not be declared, except in cases of 
 extreme necessity. 
 
 24. Large standing armies, in time of peace, are danger- 
 ous to liberty. 
 
 25. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in 
 any house without the consent of the owner ; nor in time 
 of war, but in a manner prescribed by law. 
 
 26. The person of a debtor shall not be detained in 
 prison after delivering hona fide all his estate for the use 
 of his creditors. 
 
 27. All powers not delegated to the Government ex- 
 pressly, or by necessary implication are reserved to the 
 people of the State ; and in all doubtful cases the denial 
 of the grant is the ground safest for the liberty of the 
 people. 
 
 28. The enumeration of rights herein contained shall not 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 237 
 
 be construed to deny to the people any inherent rights 
 which they have hitherto enjoyed. 
 
 29. This declaration is a part of this Constitution, and 
 shall never be violated on any pretence whatever. 
 
 ARTICLE II. 
 Section 1. 
 
 1. The Legislative, Executive and Judicial departments, 
 shall be distinct: and each department shall be confided to 
 a separate body of magistracy. Xo person or collection of 
 persons, being of one department, shall exercise any power 
 properly attached to either of the others; except in cases 
 herein expressly provided. 
 
 2. The Legislative power shall be vested in a General 
 Assembly, which shall consist of a Senate and House of 
 Representatives. 
 
 3. The meeting of the General Assembly shall be annual, 
 and on the first Wednesday in November, until such day of 
 meeting shall be altered by law. A majority of each House 
 shall constitute a quorum to transact .business ; but a 
 smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and compel 
 the attendance of their members in such manner as each 
 House shall prescribe. No session of the General Assem- 
 bly shall continue for more than forty days, unless the same 
 shall be done by a vote of two-thirds of each branch thereof. 
 
 4. The compensation of the members and officers of 
 the General Assembly shall be fixed by law, at the first 
 session, subsequent to the adoption of this Constitution : 
 and the same shall not be increased so as to affect the com- 
 pensation of the members or officers of the Assembly by 
 which the increase is adopted. 
 
 5. No person holding any military commission or other 
 appointment, having any emolument or compensation annex- 
 ed thereto, under this State or the Confederate States, or 
 either of them, (except Justices of the Inferior Court, 
 Justices of the Peace and officers of the militia), nor any 
 defaulter for public money, or for legal taxes required of 
 him, shall have a seat in either branch of the General As- 
 sembly ; nor shall any Senator or Representative, after his 
 qualification as such, be elected to any office or appoint- 
 
238 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 ment by the General Assembly having any emoluments or 
 compensation annexed thereto, during the time for which 
 he shall have been elected. 
 
 6. No person convicted of any felony before any Court 
 of this State, or of the Confederate States, shall be eligible 
 to any office or appointment of honor, profit or trust, with- 
 in this State. 
 
 7. No person who is a collector or holder of public 
 money, shall be eligible to any office in this State, until 
 the same is accou nted for and paid into the Treasury. 
 
 Section 2. 
 
 1. The Senate shall consist of forty-four members, one to 
 be chosen from each senatorial district, which district shall 
 be composed of three contiguous counties. If a new county 
 is established, it shall be added to a district which it adjoins 
 until there shall be another arrangement of the senatorial 
 districts. The senatorial districts shall not be changed by 
 the Legislature, except when a new census shall have been 
 taken. 
 
 2. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have at- 
 tained to the age tff twenty-five years, and be a citizen of 
 the Confederate States, and have been for three years an in- 
 habitant of this State. 
 
 3. The presiding officer shall be styled the President of 
 the Senate, and shall be elected by ballot, from their own 
 body. 
 
 4. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all im- 
 peachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be 
 on oath or affirmation; and no person shall be convicted 
 without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members pres- 
 ent. Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend 
 further than removal from office and disqualification to hold 
 and enjoy any office of honor, profit or trust within this 
 State ; but the party convicted shall, nevertheless, be liable 
 and subject to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment 
 according to law. 
 
 Section 3. 
 
 1. The House of Representatives 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 239 
 
 2. No person shall be a Representative who shall not 
 have attained to the age of twenty-one years, and be a citi- 
 zen of the Confederate States, and have been for three years 
 an inhabitant of this State. 
 
 3. The presiding officer of the House of Representatives 
 shall be styled the Speaker, and shall be elected by ballot 
 from their own body. 
 
 4. They shall have the sole power to impeach all persons 
 who l^ave been or may be in office. 
 
 5. All bills for raising revenue, or appropriating money, 
 shall originate in the House of Representatives ; but the 
 Senate may propose or concur in amendments, as in other 
 bills. 
 
 Section 4. 
 
 2. Each House shall bethe judge of the election, returns, 
 and qualifications of its own members ; and shall have pow- 
 er to punish them for disorderly behavior or mis-conduct,by 
 censure, fine, imprisonment or expulsion ; but no member 
 shall be expelled except by a vote of two-thirds of the House 
 from which he is expelled. 
 
 2. Each House may punish, by imprisonmeat not extend- 
 ing beyond the session, any person not a member, who shall 
 be guilty of a contempt, by any disorderly behavior in its 
 presence; or who, during the session, shall threaten injury 
 to the person or estate of any member, for anything said or 
 done in either House ; or who shall assault any member 
 therefor ; or who shall assault or arrest any witness going 
 to or returning therefrom ; or who shall rescue, or attempt 
 to rescue, any person arrested by order of either House. 
 
 3. The members of both Houses shall be free from arrest, 
 except for treason, felony, or breach of the peace, during 
 their attendance on the General Assembly, and in going 
 to and returning therefrom. And no member shall be liable 
 to answer, in any other place, for anything spoken in debate 
 in either House. 
 
 4. Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings,and 
 publish them immediately after its adjournment. The yea s 
 and nays of the members on any question, shall, at the de- 
 sire of one-fifth of the members present, be entered on the 
 journals. The original journals shall be preserved (after 
 
240 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 publication) in the office of the Secretary of State ; but there 
 shall be no other record thereof. 
 
 5. Every bill, before it shall pass, shall be read three times 
 and on three separate and distinct days in each House, un- 
 less in cases of actual invasion or insurrection. Nor shall 
 any law or ordinance pass which refers to more than one 
 subject matter, or contains matter different from what is 
 expressed in the title thereof. 
 
 6. All Acts shall be signed by the President of the Senate 
 and the Speaker of the House of Representatives; and no 
 bill, ordinance, or resolution intended to have the effect of 
 law, which shall have been rejected by either House, shall 
 be again proposed under the same or any other title, with- 
 out the consent of two-thirds of the House by which the 
 same was rejected. 
 
 7. Neither Hoiise shall adjourn for more than three days, 
 nor to any other place, without the consent of the other ; 
 and in case of disagreement between the two Houses, on a 
 question of adjournment, the Governor may adjourn them. 
 
 8. Every Senator and Representative, before taking his 
 seat, shall take an oath or affirmation to support the Consti- 
 tution of the Confederate States and of this State ; and also, 
 that he hath not practiced any unlawful means, either di- 
 rectly or indirectly, to procure his election. And every per- 
 son convicted of having given or offered a bribe, shall be 
 disqualified from serving as a member of either House for 
 the term for which he was elected. 
 
 9. Whenever this Constitution requires an Act to be pass- 
 ed by two-thirds of both Houses, the yeas and nays on the 
 passage thereof shall be entered on the journals of each. 
 
 Section 5. 
 
 1. The General Assembly shall have power to make all 
 laws and ordinances, consistent with this Constitution and 
 not repugnant to the Constitution of the Confederate States, 
 which they shall deem neceesary and proper for the welfare 
 of the State. 
 
 2. They may alter the boundaries of counties, and lay off 
 and establish new counties; but every bill to establish a new 
 county shall be passed by at least two-thirds of the mem- 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 2iH 
 
 bers present, in each branch of the General Asm 
 bly. 
 
 3. They shall provide for the taking of a census o v 
 meratioD of the people of this State, at regular decades- 
 of years, commencing at such times as they may prescribe- 
 
 4. The General Assembly shall have power to appro} •: ■ 
 money for the promotion of learning in one or more semi- 
 naries, and to provide for the education of the people. 
 
 •5. The General Assembly shall have power to gurat :- : 
 dons in cases of conviction for treason, or murder, 
 
 Section 6. 
 
 ft, 
 
 1. The General Assembly shall have no power to grant 
 corporate powers and privileges to private companies, ex- 
 cept to banking, insurance, railroad, canal, plank road, < 
 telegraph companies; nor to make or change election pre- 
 cincts ; nor to establish bridges and ferries; nor to change 
 names, or legitimate children ; bat shall by law prescribe 
 the manner in which such power shall be exercised by iEm 
 Courts. But no bank charter shall be granted or extended 
 and no Act passed authorizing the suspension of specie pay- 
 ment by any chartered bank, except by a vote of two-thirds 
 of both branches of the General Assembly. 
 
 2. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury of this ■ 
 State, except by appropriation made by law ; and a regular 
 statement and account of the receipt and expenditure <;4 % 
 public money shall be published from time to time. 
 
 3. No vote, resolution, law or order shall pass, granting- 
 a donation or gratuity in favor of any person, excvpt by tba. 
 concurrence of two-thirds of the General Assembiy;- 
 
 4. No law shall be passed by which a citizen sh;:I ! . U- 
 compelled, directly or indirectly, to become a stockholder" 
 in, or contribute to a rail road or other work of iojfeiaal 
 improvement, without his consent ; except the inhabitants 
 of a corporate town or city, where the improvement^ :. 
 
 to be made within the corporate limits, or for corpor; t gte - 
 poses. This provision shall not be construed to dimy • 
 power of taxation for the purpose of making levees or 
 dams to prevent the overflow of rivers. 
 ks The G-eneral Assembly shall not, except by a vote of 
 16 
 
242 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 two-thirds of both branches, by the loan of money, or bonds 
 or in any other way, pledge the funds or credit of the State 
 for any purpose except the support of Government. 
 
 Section 7. 
 
 1. The importation or introduction of negroes from any 
 foreign country, other than the slave-holding States or 
 Territories of the United States of America, is forever pro- 
 hibited. 
 
 2. The General Assembly may prohibit the introduc- 
 tion of negroes from any State ; but they shall have no 
 power to prevent immigrants from bringing their slaves 
 with them. 
 
 3. The General Assembly shall have no power to pass 
 laws for the emancipation of slaves, without the consent of 
 each of their respective owners, previous to such emancipa- 
 tion. 
 
 4. Any person who shall maliciously kill or maim a slave, 
 shall suffer such punishment as would be inflicted in case 
 the like offence had been committed on a free white person. 
 
 ARTICLE III. 
 Section 1. 
 
 1. The executive power shall be vested in a Governor, 
 who shall hold his office during the term of two years, and 
 until such time as a successor shall be chosen and qualified. 
 He shall have a competent salary fixed by law, which shall 
 not be increased or diminished during the period for which 
 he shall have been elected ; neither shall he receive, within 
 that period, any other emolument from the Confederate 
 States, or either of them, or from any foreign power. 
 
 2. The Governor shall be elected by the persons quali- 
 fied to vote for members of the General Assembly, on the 
 first Wednesday in October, in the year of our Lord 1S61 ; 
 and on the first Wednesday in October in every second 
 year thereafter, until such time be altered by law ; which 
 election shall be held at the places of holding general 
 elections, in the several counties of this State, in the man- 
 ner prescribed for the election of members of the General 
 Assembly. The returns for every election of Governor 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 243 
 
 shall be sealed up by the managers, separately from other 
 returns, and directed to the President of the Senate and 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives; and transmitted 
 to the Governor, or the person exercising the duties of 
 Governor for the time being; who shall, without opening 
 the said returns, cause the same to be laid before the Sen- 
 ate, on the day after the two houses shall have been or- 
 ganized; and they shall be transmitted by the Senate to 
 the House of Representatives. The members of each 
 branch of the General Assembly shall convene in the Rep- 
 resentative chamber, and the President of the Senate, and 
 the Speaker of the House of Representatives, shall open 
 and publish the returns in presence of the General Assem- 
 bly ; and the person having the majority of the whole 
 number of votes given in, shall be declared duly elected 
 Governor of this State; but if no person have such ma- 
 jority, then from the two persons having the highest num- 
 ber of votes, who shall be in life, and shall not decline an 
 election at the time appointed for the Legislature to elect, 
 the General Assembly shall immediately elect a Governor by 
 Joint ballot ; and in all cases of election of a Giovernor by the 
 General Assembly, a majority of the votes of the members 
 present shall be necessary for a choice. Contested elec- 
 tions shall be determined by both Houses of the General 
 Assembly, in such manner as shall be prescribed by law. 
 
 3. No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor 
 who shall not have been a citizen of the Confederate States 
 twelve years, and an inhabitant of this State six years, and 
 who hath not attained the age of thirty years. 
 
 4. In case of the death, resignation, or disability of the 
 Governor, the President of the Senate shall exercise the 
 executive powers of the government until such disability 
 be removed, or a successor is elected and qualified. And in 
 -case of the death, resignation, or disability of the Presi- 
 dent of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Repre- 
 sentatives shall exercise the executive power of the gov- 
 ernment until the removal of the disability or the election 
 and cpialitication of a Governor. 
 
 5. The Governor shall, before he enters on the duties of 
 his office, take the following oath or affirmation : "I do 
 solemnly swear or affirm (as the case may be,) that I will 
 
244 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 faithfully execute the office of Governor of the State of 
 Georgia; and will, to the best of my abilities, preserve, 
 protect and defend the constitution thereof." 
 
 Section 2. 
 
 1. The Governor shall be Commander-in-Chief of the 
 army and navy of this State, and of the militia thereof. 
 
 2. He shall have power to grant reprieves for offences 
 against the State, except in cases of impeachment, and to 
 grant pardons, or to remit any part of a sentence, in all 
 cases after conviction, except for treason or murder, in 
 which cases he may respite the execution, and make report 
 thereof to the next General Assembly. 
 
 3. He shall issue writs of elections to till vacancies that 
 happen in the Senate or House of Representatives, and 
 shall have power to convene the General Assembly on 
 extraordinary occasions ; and shall give them, from time to 
 time, information of the state of the republic, and recom- 
 mend to their consideration such measures as he may deem 
 necessary and expedient. 
 
 4. When any office shall become vacant by death, resig- 
 nation, or otherwise, the Governor shall have power to fill 
 such vacancy ; and persons so appointed shall continue in of- 
 fice until a successor is appointed agreeably to the mode 
 pointed out by this Constitution, or by law in pursuance 
 thereof. 
 
 5. A person once rejected by the Senate shall not be re- 
 appointed by the Governor to the same office. 
 
 6. The Governor shall have the revision of all bills pass- 
 ed by both Houses, before the same shall become laws, but ; 
 two-thirds of each House may pass a law notwithstanding 
 his dissent; and if any bill should not be returned by the 
 Governor within five days (Sundays excepted) after it has 
 been presented to him, the same shall be a law, unless the 
 General Assembly, by their adjournment, shall prevent its 
 return. He may approve any appropriation and disapprove 
 any other appropriation in the same bill, and the latter 
 shall not be effectual unless passed by two-thirds of 
 both Houses. 
 
 7. Every vote, resolution, or order, to which the concur- 
 rence of both Houses may be necessary, except on a ques- 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 245 
 
 tion of adjournment, shall be presented to the Governor ; 
 and before it shall take effect, be approved by him, or 
 being disapproved, shall be re-passed by two-thirds of 
 both Houses, according to the rules and limitations pre- 
 scribed in case of a bill. 
 
 S. There shall be a Secretary of State, a Comptroller 
 General, a Treasurer, and Surveyor-General, elected by the 
 General Assembly, and they shall hold their offices for the 
 like period as the Governor, and shall have a competent 
 salary, which shall not be increased or diminished during 
 the period for which they shall have bean elected. The 
 General Assembly may at any time consolidate any two of 
 these offices, and require all the duties to be discharged by 
 one officer. 
 
 9. The great seal of the State shall be deposited in the 
 office of the Secretary of State, and shall not be affixed to 
 any instrument of writing, but by, order of the Governor 
 or General Assembly; and the General Assembly shall, at- 
 their first session, alter the rising of this convention, by 
 law cause the great seal to be altered. 
 
 10. The Governor shall have power to appoint his own 
 Secretaries, not exceeding two in number. 
 
 AETICLE IV. 
 Section 1. 
 
 1. The Judicial powers of this State shall be vested is 
 a Supreme Court for the correction of errors, a Superior, In- 
 ferior, and Justices' Courts, and in such other courts a% 
 the General Assembly shall from time to time ordain and 
 establish. 
 
 2. The Supreme Court shall consist of three Judges, who 
 shall be appointed by the Governor with the advice and 
 consent of two-thirds of the Senate, for such term of years 
 as shall be prescribed by law, and shall continue in office 
 until their successors shall be appointed and qualified, remov- 
 able by the Governor on the address of two-thirds of each 
 branch of the General Assembly, or by impeachment and 
 conviction thereon. 
 
 3. The said Court shall have no original jurisdiction, but 
 shall be a court alone for the trial and correction of errors 
 
246 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 in law and equity from the Superior Courts of the several 
 circuits, and shall sit at least once a year, at a time pre- 
 scribed by law, in each of one or more judicial districts, 
 designated by the General Assembly for that purpose, at 
 such point in each district as shall by the General Assem- 
 bly be ordained, for the trial and determination of writs of 
 error from the several Superior Courts included in such ju- 
 dicial districts. 
 
 4. The said Court shall dispose of and finally determine 
 every case on the docket of such Court at the first or second 
 term after such writ of error brought ; and in case the 
 plaintiff in error shall not be prepared at the first term of 
 such Court after error brought, to prosecute the cause, un- 
 less precluded by some providential cause from such prose- 
 cution, it shall be stricken from the docket, and the judg- 
 ment below shall stand affirmed. 
 
 Section 2. 
 
 1. The Judges of the Superior Courts shall be appointed 
 in the same manner as Judges of the Supreme Court from 
 the circuits in which they are to serve, for the term of six 
 years, and shall continue in office until their successors shall 
 be appointed and qualified, removable by the Governor on 
 the address of two-thirds of each branch of the General 
 Assembly, or by impeachment and conviction thereon. 
 
 2. The Superior Court shall have exclusive jurisdiction 
 in all cases of divorce, both total and partial ; but no total 
 divorce shall be granted, except on the concurrent verdicts 
 of two special juries. In earn divorce case, the Court shall 
 regulate the rights and disabilities of the parties. 
 
 3. The Superior Court shall also have exclusive jurisdic- 
 tion in all criminal cases, except as relates to people of col- 
 or, fines for neglect of duty, and for contempt of Court ; for 
 violations against road laws, and for obstructing water 
 courses, which shall be vested in such judicature or tribunal 
 as shall be or may have been pointed out by law ; and ex- 
 cept in all other minor offences committed by free white 
 persons, and which do not subject the offender or offenders 
 to loss of life, limb or member, or to confinement in the 
 penitentiary ; in all such cases, Corporation Courts, such as 
 now exist, or may hereafter be constituted, in any incorpo- 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION . 
 
 24? 
 
 rated city, or town, may be vested with jurisdiction, under 
 such rules and regulations as the Legislature may hereafter 
 by law direct. 
 
 4. All criminal cases shall be tried in the county where 
 the crime was committed, except in cases where a jury can- 
 not be obtained. 
 
 5. The Superior Court shall have exclusive jurisdiction 
 in all cases respecting titles to land, which shall be tried in 
 the county where the land lies. 
 
 6. It shall have appellate jurisdiction in all such cases as 
 may be provided by law. 
 
 7. It shall have power to correct errors in inferior judi- 
 catories by writ of certiorari, and to grant new trials in the 
 Superior Court on proper and legal grounds. 
 
 S. It shall have power to issue writs of mandamus, pro- 
 hibition, scire facias, and all other writs which may be ne- 
 cessary for carrying its powers fully into effect. 
 
 9. The Superior and Inferior Courts shall have concur- 
 rent jurisdiction in all other civil causes; which shall be 
 tried in the county where the defendant resides. 
 
 10. In cases of joint obligors, or joint promissors or co- 
 partners, or joint trespassers residing in different counties, 
 the suit may be brought in either county. 
 
 11. Incase of a maker and indorser or indorsers of pro- 
 missory notes residing in different counties in this State, 
 the same may be sued in the county where the maker re- 
 sides. 
 
 12. The Superior and Inferior Courts shall sit in each 
 county twice in every year, at such stated times as have 
 been or may be appointed by the Legislature. 
 
 Section 3. 
 
 1. The judges shall have salaries adequate to their servi- 
 ces fixed by law, which shall not be diminished during their 
 continuance in office ; but shall not receive anv other per- 
 quisites or emoluments whatever, from parties or others, on 
 account of any duty required of them. 
 
 2. There shall be a State's Attorney and Solicitors elect- 
 ed by the persons entitled to vote for members of the Gene- 
 ral Assembly, and commissioned by the Governor: who shall 
 
JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 IkfM their offices for the term of four years, or until their sue- 
 lessors shall be elected and qualified, unless removed by 
 sentence on impeachment, or by the Governor, on the ad- 
 dress of two-thirds of each branch of the General Assembly. 
 Tiiey shall have salaries adequate to their services fixed by 
 .law, which shall not be diminished during their continuance 
 iaa office. 
 
 The Justices of the Inferior Courts shall be elected in 
 '■am&h. county by the persons entitled to vote for members of 
 the- General Assembty. 
 
 4. The Justices of the Peace shall be elected in each dis- 
 trict by the persons entitled to vote for members of the Gen- 
 t'.nd Assembly. 
 
 0. The powers of a Court of Ordinary and of Probate, 
 Asll be vested in an Ordinary for each county, from whose 
 
 Visions there may be an appeal to the Superior Court, 
 ■unifier regulations prescribed by law. The ordinary shall be 
 ;.Yr7,<; clerk of said Court, and may appoint a deputy-clerk. 
 Th^ ordinary, as clerk, or his deputy, may issue citations 
 nd grant temporary letters of administration, to hold until 
 
 •eroi^ient letters are granted ; and said ordinary, as clerk, 
 m kis deputy, may grant marriage licenses. The ordinaries 
 In sad for the respective counties shall be elected, as other 
 ^iOEiiity officers are, on the first Wednesday in January, 1864, 
 amd every fourth year thereafter, and shall be commissioned 
 %>w the Governor for the term of four years. In case of any 
 testacy of said office of ordinary, from any cause, the same 
 $&&M be filled by election, as is provided in relation to other 
 «KH£aty officers, and until the same is filled, the clerk of the 
 Superior Court for the time being shall act as clerk of said 
 d&urt of Ordinary. 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 
 1. The electors of Members of the General Assembly shall 
 lie free white male citizens of this State ; and shall have at- 
 tkioed the age of twenty-one years ; and have paid all taxes 
 which may have been required of them, and which they have 
 hs>i an opportunity of paying, agreeably to law, for the year 
 ftreeeding the election; and shall have resided six months 
 mith in the district or county. 
 
GEORGIA convention. 
 
 249 
 
 2. All elections, by the General Assembly, shall be by joint 
 ballot of both branches; and when the Senate and House 
 of Representatives unite for the purpose of electing, they 
 shall meet in the Representative chamber, and the President 
 of the Senate shall in such cases preside, receive the ballots 
 and declare the person or persons elected. 
 
 3. In all elections by the people, the electors shall vot-e 
 by ballot, until the General Assembly shall otherwise 
 direct. 
 
 4. All civil officers shall continue in the exercise of the 
 duties of their several offices, during the periods for which 
 thev were appointed, or until they shall be superseded by 
 appointments made in conformity with this Constitution; 
 and all laws now in force shall continue to operate, so far 
 as they are compatible with this Constitution, until they 
 shall expire, be altered or repealed ; and it shall be the duty 
 of the General Assembly to pass all necessary laws and reg- 
 ulations for carrying this Constitution into full effect. 
 
 5. All militia and county officers shall be elected by the 
 people in such manner as the General Assembly may by law 
 direct. 
 
 6. This Constitution shall be amended only by a Conven- 
 tion of i he people cal led for that purpose. Such Conven- 
 tion shall consist of not more than one hundred and fifty 
 delegates, and an equal number of delegates shall be chosen 
 from and by each Congressional District as the same may 
 exist at the time. 
 
 Which having been made the special order of the day 
 for ten o'clock this morning, was read. 
 
 Mr. Garvin offered the following resolution, which was 
 taken up, read, and adopted: 
 
 Rftnlved, That no delegate shall be allowed to speak 
 longer than ten minutes on any question pending before 
 the Convention — this rule to continue in force until the 
 adjournment of this Convention. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Cobb, the first Article of the Consti- 
 tution was taken up and read. 
 
 Mr. Bartow moved to strike out the word " govtrned" in 
 the second section, and insert "jtdtykS 
 
250 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Mr. Fouche moved to insert the word "citizen" instead 
 of "people" 
 
 The motion to strike out did not prevail. 
 
 Mr. Benning moved to strike out of the 18th section the 
 words "and retroactive legislation iiyiiriQusly affecting the 
 right of the citizen" 
 
 The motion was lost. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Martin, the 21st section was re-com- 
 mitted to the reporting Committee, for the purpose of con- 
 sidering the following proposed amendment: " and carry' 
 ing water for the purpose of irrigation and drainage, working 
 mines and machinery, shall be placed on the footing of private 
 ways." 
 
 Mr. Benning moved to re-commit the sixth section to 
 the reporting Committee. 
 
 The motion was lost. 
 
 He also moved to strike out of the eighth section the 
 words. " he shall he responsible for the abuse of the liberty " 
 and insert the " the Legislature shall have power to declare 
 what shall be an abuse of the privilege." 
 
 The motion was lost. 
 
 Mr. Mabrv, of Heard, moved to amend the 26th section 
 by adding after the word " estate," the words " according 
 Lo law" 
 
 The motion was lost. 
 
 Mr. Benning moved to re-commit the second clause of 
 the eleventh section to the reporting Committee, which 
 was lost. 
 
 He also moved to re-commit the 17th section to the re- 
 porting Committee, which was lost. 
 
 Mr. Johnson moved to strike out the 27th section, which 
 was lost. 
 
 The first Article of the Constitution, as amended, and 
 excepting the references to the Committee, was then 
 adopted. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Cobb, the second Article of the Con- 
 stitution was taken up by sections. 
 
 The first section having been read, Mr. Kimsey moved to 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 amend the same by striking out the word " annual" in the 
 third clause of said section, and inserting the word " him- 
 nial" 
 
 The motion was lost. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Tidwell, the sixth clause of said sec- 
 tion was re-committed to the reporting Committee. 
 
 The second section having been read, Mr. Reynolds 
 moved to amend the same by adding " and for one year a 
 resident of the District from which he is chosen." 
 
 Upon which motion Mr. Arnold demanded that the yeas 
 and nays be recorded. There are yeas 116 ; nays 112, to- 
 wit : 
 
 Those who voted in the affirmative are Messrs. . 
 
 Adams of Camden, 
 
 Algood, 
 
 Arnold, 
 
 Bell of Forsyth, 
 Bowen, 
 Brewton, 
 Briscoe, 
 
 Brown of Houston, 
 
 Brown of Marion, 
 
 Burnett, 
 
 Byrd, 
 
 Calhoun, 
 
 Cannon of Rabun, 
 Cannon of Wayne, 
 Cars well, 
 Chastain, 
 Corn, 
 
 Davenport of Sumter, 
 
 Day, 
 
 Fain, 
 
 Fleming, 
 
 Ford, 
 
 Freeman, 
 
 Frier, 
 
 French, 
 
 Gray, 
 
 Hale, 
 
 Hall, 
 
 Harville, 
 
 Harris of Glynn, 
 
 Hendry, 
 
 Hendricks, 
 
 Herrington, 
 
 Hines, 
 
 Hood, 
 
 Howell, 
 
 Hudson of Gwinnett, 
 
 Huggins, 
 
 Hull, 
 
 Humphries, 
 Jackson. 
 
 Johnson of Clayton, 
 
 Johnson of Jefferson, 
 
 Jones of Burke, 
 
 Killgore, 
 
 Kimsey, 
 
 Kirkland, 
 
 Knox, 
 
 Lattimer of Appling, 
 
 Lester, 
 
 Lindley, 
 
 Long, 
 
 Lyle, 
 
 Mabry of Berrien, 
 Mabry of Heard, 
 Martin of Elbert, 
 Martin of Lumpkin, 
 McDaniel, 
 McDonald, 
 McLain, 
 
252 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Means, 
 
 Mershon, 
 
 Milton, 
 
 Moore of Bulloch, 
 
 Montgomery, 
 
 Morrow, 
 
 Mo linger, 
 
 Neal of Talbot, 
 
 Newton, 
 
 Overstreet, 
 
 Patrick, 
 
 Phinizy of Richmond, 
 
 Pickett, 
 
 Pierce, 
 
 Pittman, 
 
 Pofford, 
 
 Ponder, 
 
 Porter, 
 
 Poullain, 
 
 Prescott, 
 
 Price, 
 
 Ramsey of Clinch, 
 
 Reynolds, 
 
 Rice, 
 
 Robinson, 
 
 Sharman, 
 
 Sharpe, 
 
 Shell, 
 
 • 
 
 Those who voted in the ne 
 
 Adams of Putnam, 
 
 Alexander of Fulton, 
 
 Alexander of Upson, 
 
 Allen, 
 
 Bailey, 
 
 Beasley, 
 
 Beall of Troup, 
 
 Benning, 
 
 Black, 
 
 Blalock, 
 
 Briggs, 
 
 Brown of Webster, 
 
 Bryan, 
 
 Bullard, 
 
 Bush, 
 
 Butts. 
 
 Cantrell, 
 
 Shropshire of Floyd, 
 
 Simmons of Pickens, 
 
 Simms, 
 
 Singleton, 
 
 Sirmons, 
 
 Sisk, 
 
 Spence, ' • 
 
 Spencer, 
 
 Starr, 
 
 Stephens of Pierce, 
 Street, 
 
 Strickland of Tatnall, 
 
 Styles, 
 
 Taliaferro, 
 
 Thomas of Whitfield, 
 
 Tillman, 
 
 Tomlinson, 
 
 Tucker of Colquitt, 
 
 Turner of Wilcox? 
 
 Webb, 
 
 Wellborn, 
 
 West, 
 
 Williams of Harris, 
 Williams of Mcintosh, 
 Winn of Cobb, 
 Wood, 
 Wright, 
 
 Young, of Irwin, 
 
 live are Messrs. 
 
 Carson, 
 Casey, 
 
 Cheshier, } - 
 
 Cochran of Terrell, 
 
 Cobb, 
 
 Cody, 
 
 Coleman, 
 
 Crawford of Greene, 
 Crawford of Richmond, 
 Daniel, 
 
 Davis of Chattahoochee, 
 
 Davenport of Clay, 
 
 Dewberry, 
 
 Dickerson, 
 
 Farns worth, 
 
 Fields, 
 
 Fouche, 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 253 
 
 Gaulden, 
 Gardner, 
 Garvin, 
 
 Glenn of Fulton, 
 Glenn of Oglethorpe, 
 Glover, 
 Giles, 
 Gordon, 
 Gresham, 
 Gunn, 
 Haines, 
 Hansel I, 
 
 Harris of Hancock, 
 H arvey, 
 Hawkins, 
 Head, 
 Henderson, 
 Hill of Troup. 
 Hilliard. 
 Hoyah 
 
 Hudson of Harris, 
 Hust, 
 
 Johnson of Hall, 
 
 Johnson of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Jones of Chatham, 
 
 Jordan, 
 
 Kenan, 
 
 Ketehum, 
 
 Lamar of Lincoln, 
 
 Lamar of Bibb, 
 
 Lamb, 
 
 Low, 
 
 Logan, 
 
 Logue, 
 
 Man ,on. 
 
 Marshall. 
 
 McConnell of Catoosa, 
 McConnell of Cherokee, 
 McCulloch, 
 
 McRae, 
 
 Moor of Spalding, 
 Neal of Columbia, 
 Padget, 
 Paris, 
 
 Phinizv of Monroe, 
 Pitts, " 
 
 Ramsey of Muscogee, 
 
 Reed, 
 
 Keese, 
 
 Richardson of Lee, 
 Roddey, 
 Rutherford, 
 Saftbld, 
 
 Shropshire of Chattooga, 
 Skelton, 
 
 Smith of Johnson, 
 
 Solomons, 
 
 Stapleton, 
 
 Stephens of Hancock, 
 Stephens of Monroe, 
 S t ep h e n s of T a 1 i a f e r r o , 
 Strickland of Forsyth, 
 Thomas of l)oolv, 
 Tidwell, 
 Trippe, 
 Troup. 
 
 Tucker of Laurens, 
 
 Usry, 
 
 Walton. 
 
 Whelchel, 
 
 Whitehead, 
 
 - 
 
 Williimham, 
 
 Williams of Chattooga, 
 
 Williamson, 
 
 Willis, 
 
 Word, 
 
 Young of Gordon, 
 
 So the amendment was received. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Cobb, the Convention then adjourned 
 
 till 9 o'clock. 
 
 to-morrow mormns:. 
 
254 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 FRIDAY, MARCH 22, 1861. ' 
 The Convention met in secret session. 
 
 The journal in secret session of yesterday, was read, 
 w T hen Mr. Johnson of Jefferson moved to reconsider so 
 much of it, as relates to his motion to strike out the 27th 
 Section of the 1st Article of the Constitution of the State 
 of Georgia, as reported by the reporting committee, and 
 adopted on yesterday. 
 
 The motion prevailed. 
 
 Mr. Low moved to reconsider so much of the journal of 
 of yesterday, as relates to the incorporation of the first 
 clause of the second section of the second article of 
 the Constitution therein, which was offered as an amend- 
 ment to the report of the committee, by Mr. Cobb. 
 
 The motion w T as lost. 
 
 Mr. Johnson of Jefferson then moved to strike out the 
 27th section of the first article of the Constitution, as re- 
 ported by the committee, and adopted on yesterday. 
 
 The motion prevailed, and the section was stricken out. 
 
 Upon the reading of the 3rd clause of the 2nd section 
 of the 2nd Article of the Constitution, Mr. Hood moved to 
 strike out the words, "by ballot," and insert "viva voce" 
 
 The motion prevailed. 
 
 Mr. Hood moved to strike out the words "by ballot" in 
 the third clause of the second section of the Constitution, 
 and insert "viva voce" 
 
 The motion prevailed. 
 
 The third section of the second article of the ■ Constitu- 
 tion was taken up, when Mr. Cobb moved to fill the blank 
 with the following as the first section thereof. 
 
 The House of Representatives shall be composed as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 The thirty-seven counties having the largest representa- 
 tive population shall have two representatives each. 
 Every other county shall have one representative. The 
 designation of the counties entitled to two representatives 
 shall be made by the General Asiembly immediately after 
 the taking of each census. 
 
 The motion was adopted. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 255 
 
 On motion uf Mr. Keynolds, the second clause of the 
 third section of the second article, was amended by adding 
 the words, "and for one year a resident of the county 
 which he represents." 
 
 On motion of Mr. Cobb, the words "by ballot" was 
 stricken out, and ll vica voce,'' inserted in lieu thereof, in the 
 third clause of the same section and article. 
 
 The fourth section uf the second article was taken up. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Cobb, the third clause of the same 
 was amended so as to strike out after the word "arrest," 
 the words "except for treason, felony, or breach of the 
 peace," and insert "therefrom." 
 
 The fifth section being under consideration, Mr. John- 
 son of Jefferson moved to strike out "at least two-thirds," 
 where these words occur in the second clause, and insert 
 "a majority," in lieu thereof. 
 
 The motion ro strike out was lost. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Cobb, the words "both branches" 
 where they occur in the said clause, was stricken out, and 
 "each branch," inserted in lieu thereof. 
 
 Mr. Fouche moved to strike out, in the fourth clause of 
 the said section, after the word "learning, and to provide 
 for the education of the people," the words "in one or 
 more seminares," and insert the words "and science," in 
 lieu thereof. 
 
 The motion prevailed. 
 
 Mr. Hawkins moved further to amend the same by 
 adding after the word "people," the w r ords "by a vote of 
 two-thirds of both branches thereof." 
 
 Whereupon Mr. Cobb called for the previous question, 
 which being seconded and sustained, the main question, 16- 
 wit: the adoption of the said clause as amended — was put, 
 and carried. 
 
 So the fourth clause as amended was adopted. 
 
 The fifth clause of the same section was read, when Mr. 
 Fleming moved, after the word "treason," to insert "and to 
 pardon or commute in cases of final conviction for mur- 
 der," and to strikeout the words "or murder," at the end 
 of the clause. 
 
 The motion prevailed. 
 
 On motion the fifth clause was further amended by in- 
 
256 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 serting after the word "power," the following words: "by 
 a vote of two-thirds of each branch." 
 
 Mr. Thomas offered the following as a substitute for the 
 original clause as amended: 
 
 The Senate alone by a vote of two-thirds thereof, shall 
 have power to grant pardons in cases of convictions for 
 treason or murder. 
 
 The substitute was lost, and the said fifth clause, as 
 amended, was adopted. 
 
 The sixth section of the second article, was taken up. 
 
 The first clause of said section being under consideration, 
 Mr. Fouche offered the following as a substitute therefor: 
 
 The General Assembly shall have no power to pass any 
 Act authorizing a suspension of specie payment, or to 
 legalize any such suspension by any chartered bank. No 
 bank charter shall be granted, or extended, except by a 
 vote of two-thirds of each branch of the General Assem- 
 bly. They shall have no power to grant corporate powers 
 and privileges to private companies, except to banking, 
 insurance, rail road, canal, plank road, and telegraph com- 
 panies, nor to make or change names, or to legitimate 
 children, but shall by law prescribe the manner in which 
 such power shall be exercised by the Courts. 
 
 Mr. Jackson called for the previous question, which 
 being seconded and sustained, the main question, to-wit: 
 the passage of the original clause, was put and decided in 
 the affirmative. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Cobb, the clause was amended by 
 striking out the words "both branches" where they occur 
 in said clause, and by inserting the words "each branch" in 
 lieu thereof,and by inserting after the words "plank roads," 
 the following words: "navigation, mining, express, lum- 
 ber" 
 
 Mr. Cobb also moved to amend the third clause in a 
 similar manner as to the words "both branches." 
 The motion prevailed. 
 
 The fourth clause being under consideration, Mr. John- 
 son, of Hall, moved to strike it out. 
 
 Mr. iNisbet moved to strike out the words "where the 
 
GEORGIA CONTENT! OX. 
 
 257 
 
 improvements are to be made within the corporate limits, 
 or for corporate purposes." 
 
 The motion to strike out prevailed, and the clause as 
 amended, was adopted. 
 
 The fifth clause being under consideration, Mr. Chastain 
 moved to strike out the same. 
 
 Upon which motion the yeas and nays were demanded 
 to be recorded. 
 
 There are yeas 125, nays 102, to-wit: 
 
 Those who voted in the affirmative are Messrs. 
 
 Adams of Camden, 
 
 Adams of Putnam, 
 
 Algood, 
 
 Bailey, 
 
 Bo wen, 
 
 Bozeman, 
 
 Brewton, 
 
 Brings, 
 
 Brown of Houston. 
 
 Brown of -Marion, 
 
 Bryan, 
 
 Bush, 
 
 Butts, 
 
 Byrd, 
 
 Cannon of Rabun, 
 
 Cannon of Wayne, 
 
 Carswell, 
 
 Chastain, 
 
 Cheshier, 
 
 Clarke, 
 
 Cleveland, 
 
 Cochran of Terrell, 
 
 Coleman, 
 
 Corn, 
 
 Daniel, 
 
 Davis of Putnam, 
 Day, 
 
 Dewberry, 
 Fain, 
 
 Farnsworth, 
 Fleming, 
 Fields, 
 Ford, 
 
 Fort of Wayne, 
 
 Freeman, 
 
 17 
 
 Frier, 
 QauMen, 
 Glenn of Fulton, 
 Giles, 
 Gordon, 
 Hale, 
 Hall, 
 
 Hammond, 
 Hansell, 
 Harvill, 
 
 Harris of Glynn, 
 Harris of Mcintosh, 
 Hawkins, 
 Henderson, 
 Hendry, 
 Hendricks, 
 Herri nffton. 
 Hill of Troup, 
 Howell, 
 
 Hudson of Gwinnett, 
 Huggins, 
 Jackson, 
 
 Johnson of Clayton. 
 Johnson of Hall, 
 Johnson of Jefferson, 
 Jones of Chatham, 
 Ketchum, 
 Kimsey, 
 Knox, 
 Lamb, 
 Lattimer of Appling, 
 Lattimer of Montgomery, 
 Mabry of Berrien, 
 Mabry of Heard, 
 Martin of Lumpkin, 
 
258 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 * 
 
 McConnell' of Cherokee, Simms, 
 
 McDonald, , Sirmons, 
 
 McLain, Sisk, 
 
 McLeod, Spencer, 
 
 McRae, Stapleton, 
 
 Mershon, Starr, 
 
 Milton, Stephens of Hancock, 
 
 Mounger, Stephens of Pierce, 
 
 Nisbet, Strickland of Forsyth, 
 
 Overstreet, Strickland of Tatnall, 
 
 Padget, Styles, 
 
 Paris, Thomas of Whitfield, 
 
 Patrick, Tillman, 
 
 Pickett, Tomlinson, 
 
 Pierce, Trippe, 
 
 Pitts, Troup, 
 
 PofFord, Tucker of Colquitt, 
 
 Ponder, Turner of Wilcox, 
 
 Prescott, Walton, 
 
 Price, Waterhouse, 
 
 Kamsey of Clinch, Webb, 
 
 Keed, Wellborn, 
 
 Kice, Whelchel, 
 
 Richardson of Lee, Williams of Mcintosh, 
 
 Sharpe. Williamson, 
 Shropshire of Chattooga, Yates, 
 
 Skelton, Young of Irwin. 
 
 Simmons of Pickens, 
 Those who voted in the negative are Messrs. 
 
 Crawford of Greene, 
 Crawford of Richmond, 
 Davis of Chattahoochee, 
 Davenport of Clay, 
 Dickerson, 
 Fort of Stewart, 
 Fouche, 
 French, 
 Furlow, 
 Garvin, 
 Gholston, 
 
 Glenn of Oglethorpe, 
 Glover, 
 Gray, 
 Gresham, 
 Gunn, 
 Haines, 
 
 Harris of Hancock, 
 
 Alexander of Fulton, 
 Alexander of Upson, 
 Allen, 
 Anderson, 
 Arnold, 
 Beasley, 
 
 Bell of Forsyth, 
 Beall of Troup, 
 Benning, 
 Black, 
 Blalock, 
 Briscoe, 
 Bullard, 
 Cantrell, 
 Carson, 
 Casey, 
 Cobb, 
 ' Cody, 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 259 
 
 Harvey, 
 
 Morrow, 
 
 Hilliard, 
 
 Xeal of Columbia, 
 
 Hines, 
 
 Neal of Talbot, 
 
 Hoval, 
 
 Phinizy of Monroe, 
 
 Hood. 
 
 Phinizy of Richmond, 
 
 Hudson of Harris. 
 
 Pittman, 
 
 Hull. 
 
 Porter, 
 
 Humphries, 
 
 Poullain, 
 
 Hust, 
 
 Reese, 
 
 Jennings, 
 
 Peynolds, 
 
 Johnson of Oglethorpe. 
 
 Robinson, 
 
 Jones of Burke, 
 
 Roddey, 
 
 Jordan, 
 
 Rutherford, 
 
 Kenan. 
 
 Saifold, 
 
 Killffore. 
 
 S harm an, 
 
 Lamar of Lincoln. 
 
 Singleton, 
 
 Lamar of Bibb, 
 
 Smith of Johnson, 
 
 Low, 
 
 Solomons, 
 
 Lester, 
 
 Spence, 
 
 Lindlev, 
 
 Street, 
 
 Logan, 
 
 Taliaferro, 
 
 Logue, 
 
 Tidwell, 
 
 Lon°\ 
 
 Toombs, 
 
 Lvle, 
 
 Tucker of Laurens, 
 
 Manson, 
 
 Varnadoe, 
 
 Marshall, 
 
 Willi ogham. 
 
 McConnell of Catoosa, 
 
 Williams of Harris, 
 
 McCulloch, 
 
 Willis, 
 
 McDaniel, 
 
 Winn of Cobb, 
 
 Means, 
 
 Word, 
 
 Moore of Bulloch, 
 
 Wright. 
 
 Moor of Spalding, 
 
 Yopp, 
 
 Montgomery, 
 
 Young of Cordon. 
 
 So the motion to strike out prevailed. 
 
 The seventh section of the second article of the Con- 
 stitution was then taken up. 
 
 The third clause of the same being up for consideration, 
 Mr. Styles moved to strike out all after the word '-'slaves'' 
 where it occurs therein. 
 
 The motion prevailed. 
 
 Mr. Thomas moved to add the words "except by a 
 unanimous consent of the General Assembly." 
 
 The motion was lost and the clause as amended was 
 adopted. 
 
260 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 On motion of Mr. Cobb, the second article of the Con- 
 stitution as amended, was adopted. 
 
 The third article was then taken up. 
 
 The first section having been read, Mr. Patrick moved 
 the following amendment to the first clause thereof : 
 
 "The Governor shall receive a salary of three thousand 
 dollars, which shall not be increased or diminished during 
 the period for which he shall have been elected." 
 
 The amendment was lost. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Cobb, the words ''-viva voce" was in- 
 serted in the second clause, in lieu of the words "joint 
 ballot." 
 
 The second section being up for consideration, Mr. Cobb 
 moved after the word "vacancy," in the fourth clause, to 
 insert the words "unless otherwise provided by law." 
 The motion prevailed. 
 
 Mr. Clarke moved to insert "elections," before the word 
 adjournment," in the seventh clause, which motion pre- 
 vailed. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Cobb, the third article of the Consti- 
 tution, as amended, was adopted. 
 The fourth article was taken up. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Cobb, the word "Ordinary," was in- 
 serted, after the word "Inferior" in the first clause, of the 
 first section, of said article; and after the word "Courts," 
 the words composing the remainder of the original clause 
 to be stricken out, and the following to be inserted: "as 
 have been or may be established by law." 
 
 Mr. Carswell moved to amend the second clause of the 
 first section of said article as follows: 
 
 To strike out the words "appointed by the Governor, 
 with the advice and consent of two-thirds of," and insert 
 the words, "elected by." 
 
 Mr. Patrick offered the following amendment to said 
 clause : 
 
 The Supreme Court shall consist of three, who shall be 
 elected by the persons qualified to vote for members of 
 the General Assembly, on the first Wednesday in October, 
 in the year of our Lord 1S61, and on the first Wednesday 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 261 
 
 in October, every fourth year thereafter — which election 
 shall be conducted at the time and places, and in the same 
 manner, as for Governor, and shall receive a salary of 
 S3, 000, annually, for their services. 
 
 Mr. Singleton called for the previous question. 
 The call was not sustained. 
 
 The Convention then adjourned till 4 o'clock, P. M. 
 
 4 O'CLOCK, P. M. 
 
 The Convention met pursuant to adjournment, and re- 
 sumed the consideration of the unfinished business of the 
 morning. 
 
 Mr. Hawkins offered the following as a substitute for the 
 amendments offered to the second clause of the first sec- 
 tion, of the fourth article of the Constitution, and the 
 original clause, to-wit: 
 
 The Supreme Court shall consist of three Judges, who 
 shall be elected by the Legislature, for the term of six 
 years, and shall continue in office until their successors are 
 elected and qualified, removable by impeachment and con- 
 viction thereon. 
 
 The amendment offered by Mr. Carswell was taken up. 
 
 Mr. Johnson, of Jefferson, moved to adopt as a substi- 
 tute for all, the following : 
 
 "The Supreme Court shall consist of three Judges, who 
 shall be elected by the Legislature for such term of vears 
 as shall be prescribed by law. and shall continue in office 
 until their successors shall be elected and qualified, remov- 
 able by the Governor on the address of two-thirds of both 
 branches of the General Assembly for that purpose, or by 
 impeachment and conviction thereon." 
 
 Upon which motion, Mr. Hood demanded that the yeas 
 and nays be recorded. 
 
 There are yeas 63: nays 1-51, to-wit : 
 
 ■ 
 
262 
 
 JOUENAL OF THE 
 
 Those who voted in the affirmative are Messrs. 
 
 Bailey, 
 Beasley, 
 Brewton, 
 Briscoe, 
 
 Brown of Marion, 
 
 Butts, 
 
 Cars well, 
 
 Chastain, 
 
 Cheshier, 
 
 Cleveland, 
 
 Cochran of Terrell, 
 
 Corn, 
 
 Day, 
 
 Giles, 
 
 Cordon, 
 
 Hale, 
 
 Hammond, 
 
 Harris of Glynn, 
 
 Harris of Mcintosh, 
 
 Hawkins, 
 
 Hendry, 
 
 Hendricks, 
 
 Herrington, 
 
 Hood, 
 
 Huggins, 
 
 Johnson of Clayton, 
 Johnson of Hall, 
 Johnson of Jefferson, 
 Killgore, 
 Kimsey, 
 
 Knox, 
 Lamb, 
 
 Lattimer of Appling^ 
 
 McDonald, 
 
 Mershon, 
 
 Milton, 
 
 Moore of Bulloch, 
 
 Montgomery, 
 
 Patrick, 
 
 Pickett, 
 
 Price, 
 
 .Ramsey of Clinch, 
 
 Reynolds, 
 
 Rice, 
 
 S harm an, 
 
 Simmons of Pickens 7 
 
 Simms, 
 
 Sirmons, 
 
 Sisk, 
 
 Spence, 
 
 Stapleton, 
 
 Strickland of Forsyth, 
 
 Strickland of Tatnall„ 
 
 Styles, 
 
 Taliaferro, 
 
 Tidwell, 
 
 Tomlinson, 
 
 Tucker of Colquitt, 
 
 Turner of Wilcox, 
 
 Wellborn, 
 
 Williams of Mcintosh, 
 Wright, 
 Yates, 
 
 Those who voted in the negative are Messrs. : 
 
 Adams of Camden, 
 
 Adams of Putnam, 
 
 Alexander of Fulton, 
 
 Alexander of Upson, 
 
 Algood, 
 
 Allen, 
 
 Anderson, 
 
 Arnold, 
 
 Bartow, 
 
 Bell of Banks, 
 
 Benning, 
 
 Black, 
 Blalock, 
 Bo wen, 
 Briggs, 
 
 Brown of Houston, 
 
 Bryan, 
 
 Bullard, 
 
 Bush, 
 
 Byrd, 
 
 Cannon of Rabun, 
 Cantrell, 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 203 
 
 Carson, 
 Coleman, 
 
 Crawford of Greene, 
 Crawford of Richmond, 
 Daniel, 
 
 Davis of Chattahoochee. 
 
 Davenport of Clay, 
 
 Davenport of Sumter, 
 
 Dewberry, 
 
 Dickerson, 
 
 Fain, 
 
 Farnsworth, 
 Fleming, 
 Fields, 
 Ford, 
 
 Fort of Stewart, 
 Fort of Wayne, 
 Fouche, 
 Freeman, 
 French, 
 Furlow, 
 Gaulden, 
 Garvin, 
 Gholston, 
 Glenn of Fulton, 
 Glenn of Oglethorpe, 
 Glover, 
 Gray, 
 Gresham, 
 Gunn, 
 
 Haines, 
 Hansell, 
 
 Harris of Hancock, 
 
 Henderson, 
 
 Hill of Troup, 
 
 Hilliard, 
 
 Hines, 
 
 Howell, 
 
 Hudson of Gwinnett, 
 Hudson of Harris, 
 Hull, 
 
 Humphries, 
 Hust, 
 Jackson, 
 Jennings, 
 
 Johnson of Oglethorpe. 
 Jones of Burke, 
 Jones of Chatham, 
 
 Jordan, 
 
 Kenan, 
 
 Ketch urn, 
 
 Lamar of Lincoln, 
 
 Lamar of Bibb, 
 
 Lattimer of Montgomery, 
 
 Low, 
 
 Lester, 
 
 Lindley, 
 
 Logan, 
 
 Logue, 
 
 Lyle, 
 
 Mabry of Berrien, 
 Mabry of Heard, 
 Manson, 
 
 Martin of Lnmpkin, 
 
 McConnell of Catoosa, 
 
 McConnell of Cherokee, 
 
 McCulloch, 
 
 McDaniel, 
 
 McDowell, 
 
 McLain, 
 
 McLeod, 
 
 McRae, 
 
 Means, 
 
 Moor of Spalding, 
 
 Morrow, 
 
 Mounger, 
 
 Neal of Talbot, 
 
 Newton, 
 
 Nisbet, 
 
 Overstreet, 
 
 Padget, 
 
 Paris, 
 
 Phinizy of Monroe, 
 Phinizy of Richmond^ 
 Pierce, 
 Pittman, 
 Pofford, 
 Ponder, 
 Porter, 
 Poullain, 
 Prescott, 
 Reed, 
 Reese, 
 
 Richardson of Lee, 
 Robinson, 
 Roddey, 
 
264 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Rutherford, 
 Saffold, 
 
 Usry, 
 
 Varnadoe, 
 
 Walton, 
 
 Water house, 
 
 Webb, 
 
 Whelchel, 
 
 Whitehead, 
 
 Willingham, 
 
 Williams of Harris, 
 
 Williamson, 
 
 Willis, 
 
 Winn of Cobb, 
 
 Word, 
 
 Yopp, 
 
 Young of Gordon. 
 Young of Irwin. 
 
 Sharpe, 
 
 Shropshire of Chattooga, 
 
 Skelton, 
 
 Singleton, 
 
 Solomons, 
 
 Spencer, 
 
 Starr, 
 
 Stephens of Hancock, 
 Street, 
 
 Thomas of Dooly, 
 
 Thomas of Whitfield, 
 
 Tillman, 
 
 Toombs, 
 
 Trippe, 
 
 Tucker of Laurens, 
 
 \ 
 
 So the substitute was lost. 
 
 Mr. Cobb called for the "previous question," which be- 
 ing seconded and sustained, the main question, to-wit : 
 the adoption of the original clause, was put, and decided 
 in the affirmative. 
 
 The third clause of said section and Article being under 
 consideration, Mr. Fleming offered the following amend- 
 ment : 
 
 To insert after the word "time" the words " and place " 
 and to strike out all after the word "law" down to the 
 word " ordained" and to strike out all after the word 
 "county" and insert the words " ef this State" 
 
 The amendment was lost. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Beall, of Forsyth, the word "six" in 
 the first clause of the second section of said article was 
 stricken out, and the word "four" inserted in lieu thereof. 
 
 Mr. Chastain moved to strike out the said clause, and 
 insert in lieu thereof, "the provisions of the existing law 
 regulating the election of the Judges of the Superior 
 Courts." 
 
 Upon which motion the yeas and nays were demanded 
 to be recorded. 
 
 There are yeas 100; nays 1.06, to-wit: 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 265 
 
 Those who voted in the affirmative, are Messrs. 
 
 Adams of Putnam, 
 
 Algood, 
 
 Arnold, 
 
 Bailev, 
 
 Black, 
 
 Blalock, 
 
 Bo wen, 
 
 Brewton, 
 
 Briscoe, 
 
 Butts, 
 
 Byrcl, 
 
 Cannon ot Rabun, 
 
 Cannon of Wayne, 
 
 Carson, 
 
 Chastain, 
 
 Cheshier, 
 
 Cleaveland, 
 
 Cochran of Terrell, 
 
 Coleman, , 
 
 Corn, 
 
 Daniel, 
 
 Davenport of Sumter, 
 Day, 
 
 Dickers on, 
 
 Fain, 
 
 Fields, 
 
 Fort of Wayne, 
 
 French, 
 
 Gholston, 
 
 Gordon, 
 
 Hale, 
 
 Hall, 
 
 Harvill, 
 
 Harris of Glynn, 
 
 Harvey? 
 
 Hawkins, 
 
 Hendry, 
 
 Hendricks, 
 
 Herri ngton, 
 
 Hood, 
 
 Hudson of Gwinnett, 
 Hudson of Harris, 
 Huggins, 
 
 Johnson of Clayton, 
 Johnson of Hail, 
 Johnson of Jefferson. 
 
 Killgore, 
 Kimsey, 
 Knox, 
 Lamb, 
 
 Lattimer of Appling, 
 Lattimer of Montgomery, 
 Lester, 
 Marshall, 
 
 Martin of Lumpkin, 
 
 McConnell of Catoosa, 
 
 McConnell of Cherokee, 
 
 McDonald, 
 
 McLeod, 
 
 Milton, 
 
 Moore of Bulloch, 
 
 Montgomery, 
 
 Morrow, 
 
 Paris, 
 
 Patrick, 
 
 Pickett, 
 
 Pierce, 
 
 Pittman. 
 
 PofTord, 
 
 Ponder, 
 
 Prescott, 
 
 Price, 
 
 Ramsey of Clinch, 
 
 Reynolds, 
 
 Rice, 
 
 Richardson of Lee. 
 
 Robinson, 
 
 Sharman, 
 
 Simmons of Pickens, 
 
 Sirmons, 
 
 Sisk, 
 
 Spence, 
 
 Spencer, 
 
 Stapleton, 
 
 Street, 
 
 Strickland of Forsvth. 
 
 Strickland of Tatnall, 
 
 Styles, 
 
 Taliaferro, 
 
 Tomlinson, 
 
 Tucker of Colquitt, 
 
 Turner of Wilcox, 
 
266 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Webb, Wright, 
 West, Yates, 
 Whelchel, Yopp, 
 Will high am, 
 Williams [of Harris, 
 
 Those who voted in the negative are Messrs, 
 
 Adams of Camden, 
 Alexander of Fulton, 
 Alexander of Upson, 
 Anderson, 
 Bartow, 
 
 Bell of Forsyth, 
 Beall of Troup, 
 Benning, 
 Briggs, 
 
 Brown of Houston, 
 
 Brown of Marion, 
 
 Bryan, 
 
 Bullard, 
 
 Bush, 
 
 Cantrell, 
 
 Cars well, 
 
 Cobb, 
 
 Cody, 
 
 Crawford of Greene, 
 
 Crawford of Richmond, 
 
 Davis of Chattahoochee, 
 
 Davenport of Clay, 
 
 Dewberry, 
 
 Fleming, 
 
 Ford, 
 
 Fort of Stewart, 
 Fouche, 
 Furlow, 
 Gaulden, 
 
 Glenn of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Glover, 
 
 Giles, 
 
 Gray, 
 
 Gresham, 
 
 Gunn, 
 
 Harris of Hancock, 
 
 Harris of Mcintosh, 
 
 Henderson, 
 
 Hill of Troup, 
 
 Hilliard, 
 
 Hines, 
 
 Howell, 
 Hull, 
 
 Humphries, 
 Hust, 
 Jackson, 
 Jennings, 
 
 Johnson of Oglethorpe, 
 
 Jones of Burke, 
 
 Jones of Chatham, 
 
 Kenan, 
 
 Ketchum, 
 
 Lamar of Lincoln, 
 
 Lamar of Bibb, 
 
 Low, 
 
 Lindley, 
 
 Logan, 
 
 Logue, 
 
 Lyle, 
 
 Mabry of Berrien, 
 Mabry of Heard, 
 Manson, 
 McCulloch, 
 McDaniel, 
 McRae, 
 Means, 
 Mounger, 
 Neil of Talbot, 
 Newton, 
 Nisbet, 
 Padget, 
 
 Phinizy of Monroe, 
 
 Phinizy of Richmond, 
 
 Porter, 
 
 Poullain, 
 
 Reed, 
 
 Reese, 
 
 Roddey, 
 
 Rutherford, 
 
 Saffold, 
 
 Sharpe, 
 
 Shropshire of Chattooga 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 267 
 
 Skelton, Tucker of Laurens, 
 
 Simms, Varnadoe, 
 
 Singleton, Walton, 
 
 Smith of Johnson, Waterhouse, 
 
 Solomons, Whitehead, 
 
 Stephens of Hancock, Williamson, 
 
 Thomas of Doolv, Willis, 
 
 Thomas of Whitfield, Winn of Cobb, 
 
 Tidwell, Wood, 
 
 Tillman, Word, 
 
 Toombs, Young of Gordon. 
 
 Trippe, Young of Irwin. 
 
 So the motion was lost. 
 
 Mr. Reynolds offered the following amendment : 
 
 To insert in the third clause, after the word " be" and 
 before " appointed" the words " elected by the General As- 
 sembly from the circuits in whiqh they reside." 
 
 Mr. Varnadoe called for the " previous question" which 
 being seconded and sustained, the main question was put, 
 to-wit : the motion to adopt the original clause as amended^ 
 which motion prevailed. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Cobb, the words, "for violations against 
 road laws, and for obstructing water courses," in the third 
 clause of the second section, was striken out, and "violations 
 of road law^s and obstructions of water courses jurisdiction 
 of" was inserted. 
 
 Mr. Hawkins moved to strike out all after the word "ex- 
 cept" in the fourth clause of said section* 
 The motion w T as lost. 
 
 Mr. Cobb offered the following amendment to the fifth 
 clause of the second section of said article. 
 
 " And also in all equity causes which shall be tried in 
 the county where one or more of the defendants reside, 
 against whom substantial relief is prayed." 
 
 The amendment was received. 
 
 Mr. Jackson moved to strike out the word " certiorari" 
 in the seventh clause, and insert the word " appeal" 
 
 The motion was lost. 
 
268 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 On motion of Mr. Cobb, the word " Legislature" in the 
 12th clause of said section, was stricken out, and the words 
 " General Assembly" inserted in lieu thereof. 
 
 The third section was taken up* 
 
 Mr. Hansel moved to amend the 2d clause thereof, by 
 striking out the words " elected by the persons entitled to 
 vote for members of the General Assembly," and inserting, 
 in lieu thereof, the words " appointed in the same manner 
 as Judges of the Supreme Court." 
 
 The motion prevailed. 
 
 Mr. Hood moved to strike out the word " justices" in the 
 third clause. 
 
 The motion was lost. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Cobb, the fourth article, as amended, 
 was adopted. 
 
 The fifth article was taken up. 
 
 On motion of Cobb, the words, " by joint ballot" in the 
 second section, was stricken out, and the words " viva voce" 
 inserted in lieu thereof. 
 
 He also moved to strike out the words, " and receive the 
 ballots" 
 
 The motion prevailed. 
 
 Mr. Harris, of Glynn, moved to strike out all after the 
 first sentence, in the sixth section. 
 
 The motion pervailed. 
 
 Mr. Cobb offered the following additional section. 
 
 7th. This constitution shall not take effect until the same 
 is ratified by the people. 
 
 And to this end there shall be an election held at all the 
 places of public election in this State, on the first Tuesday 
 in July 1861, when all the citizens of this State, entitled to 
 vote for Governor, shall cast their ballots either for " Rati- 
 fication "or "No Ratification." 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 269 
 
 The election shall be conducted in the same manner as 
 general elections and the returns shall be made to the Gov 
 ernor. 
 
 If a majority of the votes cast, shall be for " Ratification" 
 the Governor shall by proclamation declare the constitution 
 adopted by the people. 
 
 But if for "No Ratification,'' that fact shall be proclaim- 
 ed by the Governor, and this constitution shall have no ef- 
 fect whatever. 
 
 Mr. Tidwell offered the following ordinance, as a substi- 
 tute for the foregoing : 
 
 . 
 
 Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled, 
 and it is hereby ordained by the authority of the same, 
 
 Section 1. That the constitution of the State of Georgia, 
 agreed to and adopted by this Convention, on day of 
 
 March, 1861, in lieu of the present constitution of this State, 
 be submitted to the legal voters of the State, for their ap- 
 proval or rejection, and upon their ratification of said con- 
 stitution, the same shall become the constitution of this 
 State in lieu of the present constitution. 
 
 Sec. 2. That on the vote approving or rejecting said con- 
 stitution, those voting, shall endorse on their tickets, u Rati- 
 fication" or " No Ratification." 
 
 And be it further ordained, That if any part or parts of 
 said constitution, shall be objectionable to said voters, that 
 they be allowed to endorse, " No Ratification " to such 
 parts, specifying such sections as they may refuse to ratify, 
 on their tickets. 
 
 And in the event that any one or more sections of said 
 constitution should be rejected by a majority of the votes 
 cast, said section or sections, shall not become a part of 
 said constitution, but the remainder of said constitution 
 not rejected by a majority of the votes as aforesaid, shall be 
 considered as ratified, and become a part of the constitution 
 of this State, and in lieu of the present constitution, so far 
 as the same may extend. 
 
270 
 
 JOUENAL OF THE 
 
 Sec. 3. That an election be held on the first Wednesday 
 in July next, at the several places of holding elections in 
 this State, for members to the General Assembly, and that 
 said election be held and managed in the same way and 
 manner that elections are held by the laws now in force for 
 members to the General Assembly. And that all persons 
 entitled to vote for such members, be and they are hereby 
 entitled to vote in said election for the ratification or rejec- 
 tion of said constitution, as provided for by this ordinance, 
 with this additional privilege, that each citizen who would 
 be entitled to vote in the county of his residence, may vote 
 in any county in the State. 
 
 Sec. 4. The returns of said election shall be consolidated, 
 sealed up, and forwarded to the Executive Department at 
 Milledgeville, when the said returns from the respective 
 counties shall be opened and consolidated, and his Excel- 
 lency the Governor of this State, is hereby authorized and 
 required to issue, and have published, his proclamation, an- 
 nouncing the ratification or rejection of said constitution, 
 or such parts thereof as may be ratified or rejected accord- 
 ing to this ordinance. 
 
 Sec. 5. That said constitution or such parts thereof as 
 shall be ratified by the votes of the people, held under this 
 ordinance, shall take effect and be of force from and after 
 the tenth day of August, 1861. 
 
 Mr. Bell, of Forsyth, moved the indefinite postponement 
 of the foregoing substitute. 
 
 Mr. Hull offered the following as an amendment, and sub- 
 stitute for both the original and substitute : 
 
 Resolved, That the action of this Convention altering the 
 constitution, shall be submitted to a vote of the people, on 
 the first Tuesday in July next, in the following manner: 
 
 Reduction of Senate. 
 Ratification. 
 
 Reduction of Senate. 
 No Ratification. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 271 
 
 Constitution. 
 Katification. 
 Constitution. 
 No Ratmcation. 
 
 If a majority shall vote to ratify the reduction of the Sen- 
 ate, the Governor shall make proclamation for the conduct 
 of the voters at the election in October next. 
 
 If a majority shall vote to ratify the constitution, the 
 Governor shall make proclamation thereof, declaring it to 
 be the Supreme Law. 
 
 Elections in the premises and the returns made in the 
 usual manner. 
 
 Mr. Chastain called for the "previous question" which be- 
 ing seconded and sustained, the main question, to-wit, the 
 adoption of the original section was put, and decided in the 
 affirmative. 
 
 Mr. Cobb then moved the adoption of the fifth article as 
 amended. 
 
 The motion prevailed. 
 
 Mr. Cobb, from the Committee on the Constitution and 
 Laws to whom was recommmitted the 21st section of the 
 Bill of Eights, reported the following amendment, to come 
 in after the word "granted" " and the right to carry water 
 over land for the purpose of mining or draining." ( 
 
 The report was taken up and adopted. 
 
 Mr. Cobb, from the same commtttee, to whom was re- 
 committed the sixth clause of the first section, of the second 
 article of the constitution, reported the following amend- 
 ment; to insert after the word "felony" the words " involv- 
 ing any species of the crimen falsi." 
 
 The report was taken up, and adopted. 
 
 Mr. Cobb moved to amend the fifth clause of section 
 second, of the third article of the constitution, by adding the 
 words " during the same session or the recess thereafter." 
 
 The motion prevailed. 
 
272 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Mr. Whitehead offered the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That one thousand copies of the constitution as 
 amended, be printed for the use of the members of the Con- 
 vention. 
 
 The Convention then adjourned till ten o'clock to-mor- 
 
 SATURDAY, MARCH 23, 1861. 
 
 - 
 
 The Convention met in secret session, when the journal 
 of yesterday was read. 
 
 Mr. Johnson, of Hall, moved to reconsider so much of 
 the journal of yesterday as relates to the adoption of the 
 fourth clause of the sixth section of the second article of 
 the Constitution, as amended. 
 
 The motion to reconsider did not prevail. 
 
 Mr. Fouche moved to reconsider so much of the journal 
 of yesterday as relates to the action of the Convention in 
 striking out the 5th clause of the 6th section of the 2nd 
 article of the Constitution. 
 
 The 'motion to reconsider did not prevail. 
 
 Mr. Chastain moved to reconsider so much of the journal 
 of yesterday as relates to the rejection of his motion to 
 strike out the third clause of the first section of the fourth 
 article of the Constitution. 
 
 The motion to reconsider did not prevail. 
 
 Mr. Tidweli moved to reconsider so much of the journal 
 of yesterday as relates to the rejection of his substitute for 
 Mr. Cobb's additional section to the fifth article of the Con- 
 ssitution. 
 
 The motion to reconsider did not prevail. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Cobb, the Constitution, as amended, 
 was then adopted as a whole, and was so proclaimed by 
 the President. 
 
GEORGIA- CONVENTION. 27? 
 
 Mr. Cobb offered the following resolution, which was 
 taken up, read, and agreed to : 
 
 Resolved, That ten thousand copies of the Constitution 
 of the Confederate States, and of the State of Georgia, as 
 adopted by this Convention, shall be printed and distributed 
 to the several members of this Convention, for the purpose 
 of general distribution. 
 
 Mr. Hawkins, from the Committee to organize the State 
 into ten Congressional Districts, made the following report: 
 
 The Committee to whom was referred the organization 
 of ten Congressional Districts for the State of Georgia, re- 
 port the following : 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 ■ 
 
 The people of Georgia in Convention assembled do hereby de- 
 clare and ordain, 
 
 That the Congressional Districts of this State shall be 
 arranged by counties as follows : 
 
 The First District shall be composed of the following, 
 counties : — Appling, Bryan, Bulloch, Chatham, Camden, 
 Charlton, Clinch, Coffee, Effingham, Emanuel, Glynn, Lib- 
 erty, Mcintosh, Montgomery, Pierce, Scriven, Telfair, Tat- 
 nail, Ware, and Wayne. 
 
 The Second District shall be composed of the counties 
 of Baker, Berrien, Brooks, Calhoun, Clay, Colquitt, Dooly.. 
 Decatur, Dougherty, Early, Echols, Irwin, Lee, Lowndes 
 Mitchell, Miller, Randolph, Terrell, Thomas, Wilcox, and 
 Worth. 
 
 ^*K> f -^*-*V ,. v * if- *' : r»- , «• ; ft ''>•*. »\ 
 
 The Third District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Chattahoochee, Harris, Muscogee, Marion, Macon, Quitman. 
 Stewart, Sumter, Schley, Taylor, Talbot, and Webster. 
 
 The Fourth District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Baldwin, Bibb, Crawford, Jones, Jasper, Houston, Laurens, 
 Putnam, Pulaski, Twiggs, and Wilkinson. 
 
274 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 The Fifth District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Burke, Columbia, Glasscock, Hancock, Jefferson, Johnson, 
 Lincoln, Richmond, W arren, Wilkes, and Washington. 
 
 The Sixth District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Clark, Elbert, Franklin, Greene, Hart, Madison, Morgan, 
 Newton, Oglethorpe, Taliaferro, and Walton. 
 
 The Seventh District shall be composed of the counties 
 <of Batts, Clayton, Fayette, Henry, Meriwether, Monroe, 
 Pike, Spalding, Troup, and Upson. 
 
 The Eighth District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Campbell, Carroll, Coweta, Cobb, DeKalb, Fulton, Haral- 
 son, Heard, Paulding, and Polk. 
 
 The Ninth District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Banks, Cherokee, Dawson, Forsyth, Gwinnett, Habersham, 
 Jackson, Hall, Lumpkin, Milton, Pickens, Rabun, Towns, 
 , Union, and White. 
 
 Xke Tenth District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Cass, Catoosa, Chattooga, Dade, Fannin, Floyd, Gordon, 
 Gilmer. Murray, Walker, and Whitfield. 
 
 Be it further ordained, That the first election for members 
 to Congress shall be had under and by virtue of this ordi- 
 nance, and thereafter said districts to be regulated by the 
 Legislature, whenever the Congress of the Confederate 
 States shall alter the apportionment of representation. 
 
 Mr. Cobb offered the following amendment : That the 
 county of Jackson be transferred from the ninth to the sixth 
 Congressional District. 
 
 The amendment was received. 
 
 Mr. Hawkins called for the previous question, to-wit : 
 the adoption of the ordinance as amended, which being 
 seconded and sustained, the same was read twice and passed. 
 
 Mr. Varnadoe offered the following resolution, which was 
 taken up and read : 
 
 Resolved, That the thanks of this Convention are due 
 and are hereby tendered to the clergy, resident in this city, 
 for their prompt and cheerful acceptance of the invitation 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 27-5 
 
 of its committee to officiate in the opening exercises of the 
 Convention, and their acceptable performance of the ser- 
 vice. 
 
 Mr. Martin, of Lnmpkin, offered the following amend- 
 ment : 
 
 Resolved further, That the thanks of this Convention are 
 due and are hereby tendered to the President of the Geor- 
 gia Railroad Company for the kind and courteous tender of 
 tickets to members of this Convention on their return 
 home. And that the the Secretary transmit a copy of this 
 resolution to the President of said road. 
 
 The amendment was received, and the resolution, as 
 amended, was unanimously adopted. 
 
 Mr. Varnadoe laid on the table the following resolutions : 
 
 Resolved 1st. That the volunteer soldiers from the city of 
 Savannah have exhibited their patriotism in the prompt, 
 patient, and efficient manner in which they have discharged 
 their duty in garrisoning Fort Pulaski, and deserve the 
 gratitude of their fellow citizens. 
 
 Resolved, 2d, That the Governor be requested and em- 
 powered to draw from the funds of the State a sufficient 
 sum to pay to each of such soldiers as much, at least, as will 
 equal the pay of regulars, and place this sum in the hands 
 of Col. A. R. Lawton, tor payment to those who have serv- 
 ed under him in holding Fort Pulaski. 
 
 Mr. Bartow, from the Committee on Military Affairs, re- 
 ported the following ordinance, which was taken up, read 
 twice, and adopted : 
 
 AX ORDINANCE 
 
 To define the number of men who shall compose a company 
 in the two regular regiments of infantry. 
 
 Be it ordained by the people of the State of Georgia, in Con- 
 vention assembled, 
 
 That the number of men who shall compose a company 
 of infantry in the said regular regiments of infantry, au- 
 thorized to be raised by an ordinance of this Convention, 
 
276 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 shall be tbe same as is provided for the volunteer force au- 
 thorized to be raised by the General Assembly of this State 
 by an act " to provide for the public defence, and for other 
 purposes." 
 
 From the same committee, Mr. Bartow reported the fol- 
 lowing resolutions, which were taken up, read, and adopted: 
 
 Resolved by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled, 
 That the Governor of this State is hereby authorized to 
 tender to the government of the Confederate States of 
 America, under the provisions of an act of Congress '-to 
 raise provisional forces for the Confederate States of Amer- 
 ica and for other purposes," the regular forces of this State 
 provided for by an ordinance of this Convention. 
 
 Resolved further, That the President of the Confederate 
 States be requested to receive into the service under the 
 act aforesaid, all the men now enlisted, with the officers ne- 
 cessary to command them, by companies or battallions, and 
 the remainder of the force as they may be recruited with 
 their officers, until each of the two regiments now being 
 recruited is completed, when the whole force, with their 
 officers, shall form as regiments a part of the said provis- 
 ional army for the term of the enlistment for the war. 
 
 Resolved further, That the Governor be authorized to con- 
 tinue the recruiting service by the officers not required for 
 the command of the troops transferred, until the regiments 
 are completed, provided that a longer time than four months 
 from this date be not allowed for this purpose, and provi- 
 ded further that the Governor be authorized to disband the 
 said regiments, if not transferred to the government of the 
 Confederate States. 
 
 Mr. Clark, from the special committee to whom was re- 
 ferred the subject of printing and distributing the journals 
 of this body, and the compensation which should be allowed 
 its Secretary and assistant, makes the following 
 
 REPORT : 
 
 i • 
 
 The Committee have examined the journal and the re- 
 cord of the same, so far as both have progressed, and find 
 that the journal, together with the numerous documents 
 which the Convention has ordered published as an appen- 
 dix thereto, will make a journal of some four hundred 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 277 
 
 pages. This journal, on account of the important matter 
 which it contains, should be printed and bound in a neat 
 and substantial manner, and well distributed throughout 
 the State. 
 
 The committee further report that the recording of the 
 journal has begun in a well bound, neat and substantial 
 book, and has progressed as far as the journal of the pro- 
 ceedings of the last day's session at Milledgeville, which 
 has been done in the recess by the Secretaries, without 
 the employment of a clerk. The record of our first session 
 will extend over about one hundred and ten pages, closely 
 written of said Record Book. Such recording has been 
 well and, so far as we have been able to examine, correctly 
 done. 
 
 The committee further report that they have considered 
 the compensation which should be allowed the officers of 
 this Convention, and have ascertained — 
 
 First, That the Secretary and one assistant have discharg- 
 ed all the duties of the office, without the employment of 
 aid, except in two instances. By order of the President, 
 the enrolling of several of the ordinances were procured to 
 be enrolled. By special order of the Convention a clerk 
 was employed for thirteen days. 
 
 Seco?id, If the Convention adjourns on Saturday, it will 
 have been in actual session thirty days, being three-fourths 
 as long as the constitutional term of a session of the Gene- 
 ral Assembly. 
 
 Third, That there was twenty-six days in the recess, du- 
 ring which time the Secretary and his assistant were em- 
 ployed in recording the journals and in performing other 
 duties connected with their office. 
 
 Fourth, That for completing the journals and the record 
 of the same, for bringing up all other unfinished business, 
 mid for supervising the printing, publication and distribu- 
 tion of the printed journal, it will require forty-five days. 
 
 Fifth, This will make the time actually employed by the 
 Secretaries one hundred and two days. We include the 
 time and service of supervising the printing, because by 
 reason of the great importance in having the journals accu- 
 rately printed and correctly bound, it is necessary that such 
 duty should devolve upon some person, and no one can do. 
 
278 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 it so well as the Secretaries, who have drafted and recorded 
 the original manuscript. 
 
 Sixth, That this committee have m ade inquiry, and have 
 ascertained that the Secretary's office of the last Senate, 
 which was in session forty-three clays, cost the State about 
 eight thousand dollars, which is not alluded to, to condemn 
 the expenditure, for we know that that office is now dis- 
 charged with a regard to economy which hitherto did not 
 obtain. The greatest portion of this expenditure was for 
 necessary clerk hire, but the Secretaries of this Convention 
 have employed no clerks, and have chosen to work the 
 harder themselves, therefore have rendered a large amount 
 of what precedent would justify us in denominating, extra 
 work. We take pleasure in saying, that in adopting this 
 method, they have originated a system of economy in the 
 office of Secretary, which as a precedent, may be the means 
 of saving to the State many dollars. 
 
 This view appears with much more force, when we con- 
 sider that this Convention is as large as both departments 
 of the General Assembly, and to a great extent embraces 
 the amount of service discharged by the Secretary of the 
 Senate, and the Clerk of the House. 
 
 We therefore, in consideration of the two subjects sub- 
 mitted to our consideration, propose the following resolu- 
 tions: 
 
 1st. Resolved, That five thousand copies of the journals of 
 this Convention, be printed and bound as was the journals 
 of the late South Carolina Convention, under the super- 
 vision of the Secretary of this Convention, except twenty- 
 five copies thereof, which shall be bound in sheep, and be 
 deposited in the State Library, the others shall be distribut- 
 ed to the different counties under the same authority andin 
 the same manner, as the journals of the General Assembly. 
 
 2d. Resolved, That the Secretary and his assistant, shall 
 receive each fifteen hundred dollars, which is to cover the 
 expense of any clerk they may deem necessary to employ, 
 in bringing up and completing the unfinished business. 
 
 3d, Resolved, That J. M. Patton have ninety-one dollars 
 for thirteen days employment as a clerk of this Convention, 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 279 
 
 and H. J. O. Williams, fifty dollars for enrolling certain ordi- 
 nances. 
 
 The report was taken tip and read. 
 
 Mr. Tidwell laid on the table the following amendment.. 
 <; and that the Secretaries of this Convention be permitted 
 to publish, and have the exclusive right to do so, any extra 
 copies of the ionrnal they may see proper, at their own ex- 
 pense, for sale." 
 
 Mr. Alexander, of Upson, offered the following amend- 
 ment, which was received. 
 
 Resolved, That the compensation of the President o f this 
 body shall be ten dollars per diem, and mileage. 
 
 Mr. Briscoe offered the following amendment, which was 
 received : 
 
 Rf solved. That the pay of the Assistant Door Keeper, be 
 the same, per diem, during the time he has served, as that 
 of the Messenger or Door Keeper. 
 
 Mr. Clarke offered the following amendment, which was- 
 received : 
 
 Each member of this Convention shall have one copy 
 of said journal to be sent to him by the State Librarian^ 
 by mail.* 
 
 The report as amended, was adopted. 
 
 Mr. Saffold, from the Committee on Military Affairs, re- 
 ported the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That the thanks of the people of Georgia, are 
 hereby tendered to the various officers and their respective 
 commands, who. in the hour of anticipated danger and in- 
 vasion, promptly placed themselves under the command of 
 the G-overnor, for the purpose of protecting and defending 
 the honor and interest of the State, 
 
 The report was taken up, read, and unanimously ad- 
 opted. 
 
 Mr. Alexander, of Fulton, laid on the table the following 
 resolution : 
 
•:280 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Resolved, That the sum of dollars be allowed the 
 
 Treasurer of the State of Georgia, for the extra duties which 
 lie has discharged at Milledgeville and Savannah, conse- 
 quent upon the payments made, and to be made by him to 
 .this Convention, its officers, printers, and others. 
 
 The resolution was taken up and read, when Mr. John- 
 .■son, of Clayton, moved to fill the blank with $500. 
 
 The motion was lost. 
 
 Mr. Alexander, of Fulton, moved to fill up the blank with 
 $300. 
 
 The motion was lost. 
 
 He then moved to insert $200, which motion prevailed, 
 sad the resolution as amended was adopted. 
 
 Mr. Cobb, from the Committee on the Constitution and 
 Laws of the State, and Constitution of the United States, 
 made the folio win s 
 
 REPORT: 
 
 The Committee on the Constitution and Laws of the 
 State, and the Constitution of the United States, to whom 
 was referred the resolution inquiring into the propriety of 
 granting to the Governor, the power to make reprisals &c, 
 report: 
 
 That they have had the same under consideration, and 
 recommend that no action be taken by this Convention. 
 
 The report was taken up, read, and adopted. 
 
 Mr. Cobb, from the Committee on the Constitution and 
 :Laws of the State, and the Constitution of the United States, 
 reported the following ordinance: 
 
 ■ 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To alter and fix the the time of electing the Governor and 
 Members of the Grand Assembly. 
 
 Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention as- 
 sembled, and it is hereby ordained by authority oj the same, That 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 2S1 
 
 the next election of Governor, and Members of the Gene- 
 ral Assembly, shall be held on the first Wednesday in Oc- 
 tober, 1861 ; and that the Governor and Members of the 
 General Assembly, shall be elected biennially thereafter, on 
 the first Wednesday in October, until the time shall be al- 
 tered by law. 
 
 The report was taken up. and the ordinance having been 
 read twice, was adopted. 
 
 Mr. Safr'old, from the Committee on Military Afnairs, re- 
 ported the following ordinance. 
 
 ax ordinance 
 
 To authorize the Governor to pay the officers and men of 
 the various Volunteer Companies, which have been em- 
 ployed by him in the military services of the State. 
 
 Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention as- 
 sembled. That the Governor be and he is hereby authorized 
 and required to pay the officers and men of the various Vol- 
 unteer Companies, which have been employed by him in 
 the military service of the State, and compensation accord- 
 ing to their respective grades, as is allowed by law, to the 
 officers and privates in the regular army of the United 
 States. 
 
 The report was taken up, and the ordinance having been 
 read twice, w r as adopted. 
 
 Mr. Cobb offered the following Resolution, which was 
 taken up, read, and adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to 
 revise and collate the amendments made to the Constitu- 
 tion of the State. 
 
 The President then appointed the following as the com- 
 mittee under the foregoing Resolution, to-wit: 
 
 Messrs. Cobb, 
 
 Crawford of Greene, and 
 Stephens of Hancock. 
 
282 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Mr. Carswell laid on the table the following Resolu- 
 tion, which was taken up, read, and adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That the Treasurer pay the printing and other 
 contingent expenses of this Convention, when the accounts 
 have, been properly audited and approved by the auditing 
 committee. 
 
 Mr. Cobb laid upon the table the following Ordinance, 
 which was taken up, read twice, and adopted : 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To define the extent of duration of the Ordinances passed 
 by this Convention. 
 
 The People of Georgia, in Convention asssmhled, do Ordain, 
 
 That all Ordinances passed by this Convention shall be 
 subject to modification or repeal by the General Assembly 
 of this State, except the following : 
 
 1st, The Ordinance of Secession. 
 
 2nd, The Ordinance of Ratification of the Constitution 
 of the Confederate States of America. 
 
 3rd, The Ordinances in relation to the Constitution of 
 the State. 
 
 4th, All Ordinances and Regulations referring to our 
 relations with the Confederate States. 
 
 5th, All Ordinances which by their own terms can be 
 changed only by a Convention of the People. 
 
 Mr. Cobb laid upon the table the following Resolutions, 
 which were taken up, read, and adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That the delegates of this State to the Conven- 
 tion at Montgomery be authorized to consent to the 
 continuation of the Provisional Government until the 22nd 
 day of February, 1862, with a view to the inauguration of 
 the Permanent Government on that day. 
 
 Resolved, That any vacancy which may occur in the said 
 delegation by death, resignation, or otherwise, may be 
 filled by the appointment of the remaining delegates. 
 
 The Resolution of Mr. Roddey relative to the suspension 
 of specie payments by the Banks, and the payment of 
 
GEORGIA CnXVE^TIOX. 
 
 283 
 
 duties on imports, &c. was then taken up. and. on motion 
 of Mr. Fouche, was laid on the table. 
 
 Mr. Bartow's Resolution relative to Officers of the Navy 
 on the retired list, was taken up and read. 
 
 Mr. Bartow moved to amend the same by striking out 
 the word "retired," and inserting the word --reserved." 
 
 The motion prevailed, and the Resolution as amended 
 was adopted. 
 
 On motion, the rule was suspended, when Mr. William- 
 son offered the following Resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That this Convention tenders its thanks to the 
 Hon. George W. Crawford, its distinguished and patriotic- 
 President, for the kind, able, and dignified manner in which 
 he presided over the deliberations of this body. 
 
 The Resolution was taken up, read, and unanimously 
 adopted. 
 
 H. P. Bell, Esq., the Commissioner on the part of 
 Georgia to Tennessee, laid on the table a communication, 
 which was ordered to be printed in the appendix to the 
 Journal of this Convention. 
 
 Mr. Clarke's Ordinance to modify the Act of the Gene- 
 ral Assembly of 1559, relative to Bank suspensions, was 
 taken up and read, when he laid upon the table the follow- 
 in 2 amendments: 
 
 -* 
 
 1st, To add to the first section the following words : 
 '•and that he has not procured specie, either by him- 
 self, or otherwise exchanged bills, nor resorted to any other 
 means to give anv Bank or Banks an advantage over anoth- 
 er." 
 
 2nd, "The Banks of Augusta must furnish the specie in 
 redemption of their respective bills, for dues to the cus- 
 toms, by persons resident of that city, or doing business 
 therein." 
 
 Mr. Spencer moved to postpone indefinitely the consid- 
 eration of said Ordinance, pending which motion the Con- 
 vention took a recess till 4 o'clock, P. M. 
 
284 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 4 O'CLOCK, P. M. 
 
 The Convention met persuant to adjournment. 
 
 Mr. Fort, from the committee on Enrollment, made the 
 following 
 
 KEPORT : 
 
 - 
 
 Whereas, The special committee on pay to the several 
 officers of this Convention has recommended the sum of 
 fifty dollars only to Maj. H. J. G. Williams, for services as 
 Enrolling Clerk ; and whereas, said sum is much below the 
 services rendered. We, the Enrolling committee, recom- 
 mend that Maj. Williams receive one hundred and fifty 
 dollars in addition to the amount already voted to him. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Hull, the Convention then adjourned 
 till half-past seven o'clock, P. M. 
 
 ■ 
 
 — 
 
 7 i O'CLOCK, P. M. 
 The Convention met pursuant to adjournment. 
 
 Mr. Glenn of Fulton laid upon the table the following 
 Resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That the injunction of secrecy be removed 
 from all the proceedings of this Convention. 
 
 The Resolution was taken up, read, and adopted. 
 Mr. Thomas of Whitfield, offered the following Resolu- 
 tion, which w T as taken up, read, and adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That the thanks of this Convention be, and 
 they are hereby tendered to the committee on the Consti- 
 tution and Laws of the State, and the Constitution of the 
 United States, for the untiring zeal and signal ability dis- 
 played, in their Reports to this Convention, and especially 
 in their Report on the Revision of the Constitution of the 
 State. 
 
 Mr. Cobb, from the commitee to revise and collate the 
 amendments made to the Constitution, reported that the 
 committee had discharged that duty, and submitted the 
 the following, as the Constitution of the State, to be sub- 
 mitted to the people for ratification : 
 
GEOEGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 285 
 
 THE 
 
 CONSTITUTION 
 
 OF 
 
 THE STATE OF GEORGIA. 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 Declaration of Fundamental Peinciples. 
 
 1. The fundamental principles of Free Government can- 
 not be too well understood, nor too often recurred to. 
 
 2. God has ordained that men shall live under govern- 
 ment ; but as the forms and administration of civil govern- 
 ment are in human, and therefore, fallible hands, they may 
 be altered, or modified whenever the safety or happiness 
 of the governed requires it. No government should be 
 changed for light or transient causes ; nor unless upon 
 reasonable assurance that a better will be established. 
 
 3. Protection to person and property is the duty of 
 Government ; and a Government which knowingly and 
 persistently denies, or withholds from the governed such 
 protection, when within its power, releases them from the 
 obligation of obedience. 
 
 4. No citizen shall be deprived of life, liberty or proper- 
 ty, except by due process of law ; and of life or liberty, 
 only by the judgment of his peers. 
 
 5. The writ of "Habeas Corpus" shall not be suspended, 
 unless in case of rebellion or invasion, the public safety 
 may require it. 
 
 6. The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall 
 not be infringed. 
 
 7. No religious test shall be required for the tenure of 
 any office; and no religion shall be established by law; 
 and no citizen shall be deprived of any right or privilege 
 by reason of his religious belief. 
 
 8. Freedom of thought and opinion, freedom of speech, 
 and freedom of the press, are inherent elements of politi- 
 
286 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 cal liberty. But while every citizen may freely speak, 
 write and print, on any subject, he shall be responsible for 
 the abuse of the liberty. 
 
 9. The right of the people to appeal to the courts ; to 
 petition Government on all matters of legitimate cogni- 
 zance ; and peaceably to assemble for the consideration of 
 any matter of public concern — shall never be impaired. 
 
 10. For every right, there should be provided a remedy ; 
 and every citizen ought to obtain justice without pur- 
 chase, without denial, and without delay — conformably to 
 the laws of the land. 
 
 11. Every person charged with an offence against the 
 laws of the State shall have the privilege and benefit of 
 counsel : 
 
 Shall be furnished, on demand, with a copy of the accu- 
 sation, and with a list of the witnesses against him : 
 
 Shall have compulsory process to obtain the attendance 
 of his own witnesses : 
 
 Shall be confronted with the witnesses testifying against 
 him ; and 
 
 Shall have a public and speedy trial by an impartial jury. 
 
 12. No person shall be put in jeopardy of life or liberty 
 more than once for the same offence. 
 
 13. No conviction shall work corruption of blood, or 
 general forfeiture of estate. 
 
 14. Excessive bail shall not be required ; nor excessive 
 fines imposed ; nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 
 
 15. The power of the courts to punish for contempt 
 shall be limited by Legislative Acts. 
 
 16. A faithful execution of the laws is essential to good 
 order ; and good order in society is essential to liberty. 
 
 17. Legislative Acts in violation of the fundamental law 
 are void ; and the Judiciary shall so declare them. 
 
 18. Ex post facto laws, and laws impairing the obligation 
 of contracts, and retro-active legislation injuriously affect- 
 ing the right of the citizen, are prohibited. 
 
 19. Laws should have a general operation ; and no gen- 
 eral law shall be varied in a particular case by special Legis- 
 lation ; except with consent of all persons to be affected 
 thereby. 
 
GEQJfe&IA C OX VENTIOX. 
 
 287 
 
 20. The right of taxation can he granted only by the 
 people ; and shall be exercised only to raise revenue for 
 the support of Government, to pay the public debt; to 
 provide for the common defence, and for such other pur- 
 poses as are specified in the grant of powers. 
 
 •21. In cases of necessity, private ways may be granted 
 upon just compensation being first paid; and with this 
 exception, private property shall not be taken except for 
 public use; and then, only upon just compensation; such 
 compensation, except in cases of pressing necessity, to be 
 first provided and paid. 
 
 22. The right of the people to be secure in their per- 
 sons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable 
 searches and seizures, shall not be violated ; and no war- 
 rant shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by 
 oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place 
 or places to be searched, and the persons and things to be 
 seized. 
 
 23. Martial law shall not be declared, except in cases of 
 extreme necessity. 
 
 24. Large standing armies, in time of peace, are danger- 
 ous to liberty. 
 
 25. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in 
 any house without the consent of the owner ; nor in time 
 of war, but in a manner prescribed by law. 
 
 26. The person of a debtor shall not be detained in 
 prison after delivering bona fid-e all his estate for the use 
 of his creditors. 
 
 27. The enumeration of rights herein contained shall not 
 be construed to deny to the people any inherent rights 
 which they have hitherto enjoyed. 
 
 23. This declaration is a part of this Constitution, and 
 shall never be violated on any pretence whatever. 
 
 ARTICLE II. 
 Section 1. 
 
 1. The Legislative, Executive and Judicial departments, 
 shall be distinct; and each department shall be confided to 
 a separate body of magistracy. No person or collection of 
 
288 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 persons, being of one department, shall exercise any power 
 properly attached to either of the others; except in cases 
 herein expressly provided. 
 
 2. The Legislative power shall be vested in a General 
 Assembly, which shall consist of a Senate and House of 
 Kepresentatives. 
 
 3. The meeting of the General Assembly shall be annual, 
 and on the first Wednesday in November, until such day of 
 meeting shall be altered by law. A majority of each House 
 shall constitute a quorum to transact business ; but a 
 smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and compel 
 the attendance of their members in such manner as each 
 House shall prescribe. No session of the General Assem- 
 bly shall continue for more than forty days, unless the same 
 shall be done by a vote of two-thirds of each branch thereof 
 
 4. The compensation of the members and officers of 
 the General Assembly shall be fixed by law, at the first 
 session, subsequent to the adoption of this Constitution : 
 and the same shall not be increased so as to affect the com- 
 pensation of the members or officers of the Assembly by 
 which the increase is adopted. 
 
 5. No person holding any military commission or other 
 appointment, having any emolument or compensation annex- 
 ed thereto, under this State or the Confederate States, or 
 either of them, (except Justices of the Inferior Court, 
 Justices of the Peace and officers of the militia), nor any 
 defaulter for public money, or for legal taxes required of 
 him, shall have a seat^in either branch of the General As- 
 sembly ; nor shall any Senator or Bepresentative, after his 
 qualification as such, be elected to any office or appoint- 
 ment by the General Assembly having any emoluments or 
 compensation annexed thereto, during the time for which 
 he shall have been elected. 
 
 6. No person convicted of any felony before any Court 
 of this State, or of the Confederate States, shall be eligible 
 to any office|or appointment of honor, profit or trust, with- 
 in this State. 
 
 7. No person who is a collector or holder of public 
 money, shall be eligible to any office in this State, until 
 the same ^accounted for and paid into the Treasury. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 289 
 
 ■ * . 
 
 Section 2. 
 
 1. The Senate shall consist of forty-four members, one to 
 be chosen from each senatorial district, which district shall 
 be composed of three contiguous counties. If a new county 
 is established, it shall be added to a district which it adjoins 
 until there shall be another arrangement of the senatorial 
 districts. The senatorial districts shall not be changed 
 except when a new census shall have been taken. 
 
 2. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have at- 
 tained to the age of twenty-five years, and be a citizen of 
 the Confederate States, and have been for three years an in- 
 habitant of this State, and for one year a resident of the dis- 
 trict from which he is chosen. 
 
 3. The presiding officer shall be styled the President &§: 
 the Senate, and shall be elected viva voce from their own- 
 body. 
 
 4. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all im- 
 peachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be 
 on oath or affirmation; and no person shall be convicted 
 without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members pres- 
 ent. Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extendi 
 further than removal from office and disqualification to hold 
 and enjoy any office of honor, profit or trust within this 
 State ; but the party convicted shall, nevertheless, be liable 
 and subject to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment 
 according to law. 
 
 Section 3. 
 
 1. The House of Representatives shall be composed as fol- 
 lows: The thirty-seven counties having the largest repre- 
 sentative population shall have two Representatives each.. 
 Every other county shall have one Representative. The des- 
 ignation of the counties having two Representatives shall 
 be made by the General Assembly immediately atter the- 
 taking of each census. 
 
 2. No person shall be a Representative who shall not 
 have attained to the age of twenty-one years, and be a citi- 
 zen of the Confederate States, Mid have been for three years 
 an inhabitant of this State, and for one year a resident of 
 the county which he represents. 
 
 19 
 
290 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 * • * , 4m* . 
 
 3. The presiding officer of the House of Representatives 
 shall be styled the Speaker, and shall be elected viva voce 
 from their own body. 
 
 4. They shall have the sole power to impeach all persons 
 who have been or may be in office. 
 
 5. All bills for raising revenue, or appropriating money ? 
 shall originate in the House of Representatives ; but the 
 Senate may propose or concur in amendments, as in other 
 bills. 
 
 Section 4. 
 
 2 • Each House shall be the judge of the election, returns, 
 and qualifications of its own members ; and shall have pow- 
 er to punish them for disorderly behavior or mis-conduct,by 
 censure, fine, imprisonment or expulsion ; but no member 
 shall be expelled except by a vote of two-thirds of the House 
 from which he is expelled. 
 
 % Each House may punish, by imprisonment not extend- 
 ing beyond the session, any person not a member, who shall 
 be guilty of a contempt, by any disorderly behavior in its 
 presence ; or who, during the session, shall threaten injury 
 to the person or estate of any member, for anything said or 
 done in either House ; or who shall assault any member 
 therefor ; or who shall assault or arrest any witness going 
 to or returning therefrom ; or who shall rescue, or attempt 
 to rescue, any person arrested by order of either House. 
 
 3. The members of both Houses shall be free from arrest , 
 during their attendance on the General Assembly, and in go- 
 ing to and returning therefrom, except for treason, felony, or 
 breach of the peace. And no member shall be liable 
 to answer, in any other place, for anything spoken in debate 
 in either House. 
 
 4. Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings,and 
 publish them immediately after its adjournment. The yeas 
 and nays of the members on any question, shall, at the de- 
 sire of one-fifth of the members present, be entered on the 
 journals. The original journals shall be preserved (after 
 publication) in the office of the Secretary of State ; but there 
 shall be no other record thereof. 
 
 5. Every bill, before it shall pass, shall be read three time^ 
 
G-EOEGIa CONVENTION. 291 
 
 •and on three separate and distinct days in each House, un- 
 less in cases of actual invasion or insurrection. Nor shall 
 any law or ordinance pass which refers to more than one 
 subject matter, or contains matter different from what is 
 expressed in the title thereof. 
 
 6. All Acts shall he signed by the President of the Senate 
 and the Speaker of the House of Representatives; and no 
 bill, ordinance, or resolution intended to have the effect of 
 law, which shall have been rejected by either House, shall 
 be again proposed under the same or any other title, with- 
 out the consent of two-thirds of the House by which the 
 same was rejected. 
 
 7. Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days, 
 nor to any other place, without the consent of the other : 
 and in case of disagreement between the two Houses, on a 
 question of adjournment, the Governor may adjourn them. 
 
 S. Every Senator and Representative, before taking his 
 seat, shall take an oath or afhrmation to support the Consti- 
 tution of the Confederate States and of this State ; and also, 
 that he hath not practiced any unlawful means, either di- 
 rectly or indirectly, to procure his election. And every per- 
 son convicted of having given or offered a bribe, shall be 
 disqualified from serving as a member of either House for 
 the term for which he was elected. 
 
 9. "Whenever this Constitution requires an Act to be pass- 
 ed by two-thirds of both Houses, the yeas and nays on the 
 passage thereof shall be entered on the journals of each. 
 
 Section 5. 
 
 1. The General Assembly shall have power to make all 
 laws and ordinances, consistent with this Constitution and 
 not repugnant to the Constitution of the Confederate States, 
 which they shall deem neceesary and proper for the welfare 
 of the State. 
 
 2. They may alter the boundaries of counties, and lay off" 
 and establish new counties : but every bill to establish a new 
 county shall be passed by at least two-thirds of the mem- 
 bers present, in each branch of the General Assem- 
 bly. 
 
 3. They shall provide for the taking of a census or enu- 
 
292 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 meration of the people of this State, at regular decades 
 of years, commencing at such times as they may prescribe. 
 
 4. The General Assembly shall have power to appropriate 
 money for the promotion of learning and science, and to 
 provide for the education of the people. 
 
 5. The General Assembly shall have power by a vote of 
 two-thirds of each branch, to grant pardons in cases of final 
 conviction for treason, and to pardon or commute in cases 
 of final conviction for murder. 
 
 Section 6. 
 
 1. The General Assembly shall have no power to grant 
 corporate powers and privileges to private companies, ex- 
 cept to banking, insurance, railroad, canal, plank road, navi- 
 gation, mining, express, lumber, and telegraph companies ; 
 nor to make or change election precincts ; nor to establish 
 bridges and ferries; nor to change names, or legitimate 
 children; bat shall by law prescribe the manner in which 
 such power shall be exercised by the Courts. But no bank 
 charter shall be granted or extended, and no Act passed au- 
 thorizing the suspension of specie payment by any chartered 
 bank, except by a vote of two-thirds of each branch of the 
 General Assembly. 
 
 2. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury of this 
 State, except by appropriation made by law ; and a regular 
 statement and account of the receipt and expenditure of all 
 public money shall be published from time to time. 
 
 3. No vote, resolution, law or order shall pass, granting 
 a donation or gratuity in favor of any person, except by the 
 concurrence of two-thirds of the General Assembly. 
 
 4. No law shall be passed by which a citizen shall be 
 compelled, directly or indirectly, to become a stockholder 
 in, or contribute to a rail road or other work of internal 
 improvement, without his consent ; except the inhabitants 
 of a corporate town or city. This provision shall not be 
 construed to deny the power of taxation for the purpose 
 of making levees or dams to prevent the overflow of 
 rivers. 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 293 
 
 Section 7. 
 
 1. The importation or introduction of negroes from any 
 foreign country, other than the slave-holding States or 
 Territories of the United States of America, is forever pro- 
 hibited. 
 
 2. The General Assembly may prohibit the introduc- 
 tion of negroes from any State ; but they shall have no 
 power to prevent immigrants from bringing their slaves 
 with them. 
 
 3. The General Assembly shall have no power to pass 
 laws for the emancipation of slaves. 
 
 4. Any person who shall maliciously kill or maim a slave, 
 shall suffer such punishment as would be inflicted in case 
 the like offence had been committed on a free white person. 
 
 ARTICLE III. 
 Section 1. 
 
 1. The executive power shall be vested in a Governor, 
 who shall hold his office during the term of two years, and 
 until such time as a successor shall be chosen and qualified. 
 He shall have a competent salary fixed by law, which shall 
 not be increased or diminished during the period for which 
 he shall have been elected ; neither shall he receive, within 
 that period, any other emolument from the Confederate 
 States, or either of them, or from any foreign power. 
 
 2. The Governor shall be elected by the persons quali- 
 fied to vote for members of the General Assembly, on the 
 first Wednesday in October, in the year of our Lord 1S61 ; 
 and on the first Wednesday in October in every second 
 year thereafter, until such time be altered by law ; which 
 election shall be held at the places of holding general 
 elections, in the several counties of this State, in the man- 
 ner prescribed for the election of members of the General 
 Assembly. The returns for every election of Governor 
 shall be sealed up by the managers, separately from other 
 returns, and directed to the President of the Senate and 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives ; and transmitted 
 to the Governor, or the person exercising the duties of 
 Governor for the time being; who shall, without opening 
 the said returns, cause the same to be laid before the Sen- 
 
294 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 ate, on the day after the two houses shall have been or- 
 ganized ; and they shall be transmitted by the Senate to 
 the House of Representatives. The members of each 
 branch of the General Assembly shall convene in the Rep- 
 resentative chamber, and the President of the Senate, and 
 the Speaker of the House of Representatives, shall open 
 and publish the returns in presence of the General Assem- 
 bly ; and the person having the majority of the whole 
 number of votes given in, shall be declared duly elected 
 Governor of this State; but if no person have such ma- 
 jority, then from the two persons having the highest num- 
 ber of votes, who shall be in life, and shall not decline an 
 election at the time appointed for the Legislature to elect, 
 the General Assembly shall immediately elect a Governor 
 viva voce ; and in all cases of election of a Governor by the 
 General Assembly, a majority of the votes of the members 
 present shall be necessary for a choice. Contested elec- 
 tions shall be determined by both Houses of the General 
 Assembly, in such manner as shall be prescribed by law. 
 
 3. No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor 
 who shall not have been a citizen of the Confederate States 
 twelve years, and an inhabitant of this State six years, and 
 who hath not attained the age of thirty years. 
 
 4. In case of the death, resignation, or disability of the 
 Governor, the President of the Senate shall exercise the 
 executive powers of the government until such disability 
 be removed, or a successor is elected and qualified. And in 
 case of the death, resignation, or disability of the Presi- 
 dent of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Repre- 
 sentatives shall exercise the executive power of the gov- 
 ernment until the removal of the disability or the election 
 and qualification of a Governor. 
 
 5. The Governor shall, before he enters on the duties of 
 his office, take the following oath or affirmation : "I do 
 solemnly swear or affirm (as the case may be,) that I will 
 faithfully execute the office of Governor of the State of 
 Georgia; and will, to the best of my abilities, preserve, 
 protect and defend the constitution thereof." 
 
georgia convention. 295 
 Section 2. 
 
 1. The Governor shall be Commander-in-Chief of the 
 army and navy of this State, and of the militia thereof. 
 
 2. He shall have power to grant reprieves for offences 
 against the State, except in cases of impeachment, and to 
 grant pardons, or to remit any part of a sentence, in all 
 cases after conviction, except for treason or murder, in 
 which cases he may respite the execution, and make report 
 thereof to the next General Assembly. 
 
 3. He shall issue writs of elections to fill vacancies that 
 happen in the Senate or House of Representatives, and 
 shall have power to convene the General Assembly on 
 extraordinary occasions ; and shall give them, from time to 
 time, information of the state of the republic, and recom- 
 mend to their consideration such measures as he may deem 
 necessary and expedient. 
 
 4. When any office shall become vacant by death, resig- 
 nation, or otherwise, the Governor shall have power to fill 
 such vacancy unless otherwise provided for by law ; and 
 persons so appointed shall continue in office until a successor 
 is appointed agreeably to the mode pointed out by this 
 Constitution, or by law in pursuance thereof. 
 
 5. A person once rejected by the Senate shall not be re- 
 appointed by the Governor to the same office during the 
 same session or the recess thereafter. 
 
 6. The Governor shall have the revision of all bills pass- 
 ed by both Houses, before the same shall become laws, but 
 two-thirds of each House may pass a law notwithstanding 
 his dissent; and if any bill should not be returned by the 
 Governor within five days (Sundays excepted) after it has 
 been presented to him, the same shall be a law, unless the 
 General Assembly, by their adjournment, shall prevent its 
 return. He may approve any appropriation and disapprove 
 any other appropriation in the same bill, and the latter 
 shall not be effectual unless passed by two-thirds of 
 each House. 
 
 7. Every vote, resolution, or order, to which the concur- 
 rence of both Houses may be necessary, except on & ques- 
 tion of election or adjournment, shall be presented to the 
 Governor; and before it shall take effect, be approved by him, 
 or being disapproved, shall be re-passed by two-thirds of 
 
296 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 each House, according to the rules and limitations pre- 
 scribed in case of a bill. 
 
 8. There shall be a Secretary of State, a Comptroller 
 General, a Treasurer, and Surveyor-General, elected by the 
 General Assembly, and they shall hold their offices for the 
 like period as the Governor, and shall have a competent 
 salary, which shall not be increased or diminished during 
 the period for which they shall have been elected. The 
 General Assembly may at any time consolidate any two of 
 these offices, and require all the duties to be discharged by 
 one officer. 
 
 9. The great seal of the State shall be deposited in the 
 -office of the Secretary of State, and shall not be affixed to 
 any instrument of writing, but by order of the Governor 
 or General Assembly ; and the General Assembly shall, at 
 their first session, after the rising of this convention, by 
 law cause the great seal to be altered. 
 
 10. The Governor shall have power to appoint his owa 
 Secretaries, not exceeding two in number. 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 Section 1. 
 
 1. The Judicial powers of this State shall be vested in 
 a Supreme Court for the correction of errors, a Superior, In- 
 ferior, Ordinary and Justices' Courts, and in such other 
 courts as have been or may be established by law. 
 
 2. The Supreme Court shall consist of three Judges, who 
 shall be appointed by the Governor with the advice and 
 consent of two-thirds of the Senate, for such term of years 
 as shall be prescribed by law, and shall continue in office 
 until their successors shall be appointed and qualified, remov- 
 able by the Governor on the address of two-thirds of each 
 branch of the General Assembly, or by impeachment and 
 conviction thereon. 
 
 3. The said Court shall have no original jurisdiction, but 
 shall be a court alone for the trial and correction of errors 
 in law and equity from the Superior Courts of the several 
 circuits, and shall sit at least once a year, at a time pre- 
 scribed by law, in each of one or more judicial districts, 
 designated by the General Assembly for that purpose, at 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 297 
 
 such point in each district as shall by the General Assem- 
 bly be ordained, for the trial and determination of writs of 
 error from the several Superior Courts included in such ju- 
 dicial districts. 
 
 4. The said Court shall dispose of and finally determine 
 every case on the docket of such Court at the first or second 
 term after such writ of error brought ; and in case the 
 plaintiff in error shall not be prepared at the first term of 
 such Court after error brought, to prosecute the case, un- 
 less precluded by some providential cause from such prose- 
 cution, it shall be stricken from the docket, and the judg- 
 ment below shall stand affirmed. 
 
 Section 2. 
 
 1. The Judges of the Superior Courts shall be appointed 
 in the same manner as Judges of the Supreme Court from 
 the circuits in which they are to serve, for the term of four 
 years, and shall continue in office until their successors shall 
 be appointed and qualified, removable by the Governor on 
 the address of two-thirds of each branch of the General 
 Assembly, or by impeachment and conviction thereon. 
 
 2. The Superior Court shall have exclusive jurisdiction 
 in all cases of divorce, both total and partial ; but no total 
 divorce shall be granted, except on the concurrent verdicts 
 of two special juries. In each divorce case, the Court shall 
 regulate the rights and disabilities of the parties. 
 
 3. The Superior Court shall also have exclusive jurisdic- 
 tion in all criminal cases, except as relates to people of col- 
 or, fines for neglect of duty, contempts of Court ; violations 
 of road laws, and obstructions of water courses, jurisdic- 
 tion of which shall be vested in such judicature or tribunal 
 as shall be or may have been pointed out by law ; and ex- 
 cept in all other minor offences committed by free white 
 persons, and which do not subject the offender or offenders 
 to loss of life, limb or member, or to confinement in the 
 penitentiary ; in all such cases, Corporation Courts, such as 
 now exist, or may hereafter be constituted, in any incorpo- 
 rated city, or town, may be vested with jurisdiction, under 
 such rules and regulations as the Legislature may hereafter 
 by law direct. 
 
 4. All criminal cases shall be tried in the county where 
 
298 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 the crime was committed, except in cases where a jury can- 
 not be obtained. 
 
 5. The Superior Court shall have exclusive jurisdiction 
 in all cases respecting titles to land, which shall be tried in 
 the county where the land lies. And also in all equity 
 causes which shall be tried in the county where one or more 
 of the defendants reside, against whom substantial relief is 
 prayed. 
 
 6. It shall have appellate jurisdiction in all such cases as 
 may be provided by law. 
 
 7. It shall have power to correct errors in inferior judi- 
 catories by writ of certiorari, and to grant new trials in the 
 Superior Court on proper and legal grounds. 
 
 8. It shall have power to issue writs of mandamus, pro - 
 hibition, scire facias, and all other writs which may be ne- 
 cessary for carrying its powers fully into effect. 
 
 9. The Superior and Inferior Courts shall have concur- 
 rent jurisdiction in all other civil causes; which shall be 
 tried in the county where the defendant resides. 
 
 10. In cases of joint obligors, or joint promissors or co- 
 partners, or joint trespassers residing in different counties, 
 the suit may be brought in either county. 
 
 11. Incase of a maker and indorser or indorsers of pro- 
 missory notes residing in different counties in this State, 
 the same may be sued in the county where the maker re- 
 sides. 
 
 12. The Superior and Inferior Courts shall sit in each 
 county twice in every year, at such stated times as have 
 been or may be appointed by the General Assembly. 
 
 Section 3. 
 
 1. The judges shall have salaries adequate to their send- 
 ees fixed by law, which shall not be diminished during their 
 continuance in office ; but shall not receive any other per- 
 quisites or emoluments whatever, from parties or others, on 
 account of any duty required of them. 
 
 2. There shall be a State's Attorney and Solicitors ap- 
 pointed in the same manner as the Judges of the Supreme 
 Court and commissioned by the Governor ; who shall 
 hold their offices for the term of four years, or until their suc- 
 cessors shall be appointed and qualified, unless removed by 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 299 
 
 sentence on impeachment, or by the Governor, on the ad- 
 dress of two-thirds of each branch of the General Assembly. 
 They shall have salaries adequate to their services fixed by 
 law, which shall not be diminished during their continuance 
 in office. 
 
 •3. The Justices of the Inferior Courts shall be elected in 
 each county by the persons entitled to vote for members of 
 the General Assembly. 
 
 4. The Justices of the Peace shall be elected in each dis- 
 trict by the persons entitled to vote for members of the Gen- 
 eral Assembly. 
 
 5. The powers of a Court of Ordinary and of Probate, 
 shall be vested in an Ordinary for each county, from whose 
 decisions there may be an appeal to the Superior Court, 
 under regulations prescribed by law. The ordinary shall be 
 ex officio clerk of said Court, and may appoint a deputy-clerk. 
 The ordinary, as clerk, or his deputy, may issue citations 
 and grant temporary letters of administration, to hold until 
 permanent letters are granted ; and said ordinary, as clerk, 
 or his deputy, may grant marriage licenses. The ordinaries 
 in and for the respective counties shall be elected, as other 
 county officers are, on the first Wednesday in January, 1S64, 
 and every fourth year thereafter, and shall be commissioned 
 by the Governor for the term of four years. In case of any 
 vacancy of said office of ordinary, from any cause, the same 
 shall be filled by election, as is provided in relation to other 
 county officers, and until the same is filled, the clerk of the 
 Superior Court for the time being shall act as clerk of said 
 Court of Ordinary. 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 
 1. The electors of Members of the General Assembly shall 
 be free white male citizens of this State ; and shall have at- 
 tained the age of twenty-one years ; and have paid all taxes 
 which may have been required of them, and which they have 
 had an opportunity of paying, agreeably to law, for the year 
 preceding the election; and shall have resided six months 
 within the district or county. 
 
 2. All elections, by the General Assembly, shall be viva 
 voce and when the Senate and House of Representatives 
 
300 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 unite for the purpose of electing, they shall meet in the 
 Representative chamber, and the President of the Senate 
 shall in such cases preside, and declare the person or persons 
 elected. 
 
 3. In all elections by the people, the electors shall vote 
 by ballot, until the General Assembly shall otherwise 
 direct. 
 
 4. All civil officers shall continue in the exercise of the 
 duties of their several offices, during the periods for which 
 they were appointed, or until they shall be superseded by 
 appointments made in conformity with this Constitution; 
 and all laws now in force shall continue to operate, so far 
 as they are compatible with this Constitution, until they 
 shall expire, be altered or repealed ; and it shall be the duty 
 of the General Assembly to pass all necessary laws and reg- 
 ulations for carrying this Constitution into full effect. 
 
 5. All militia and county officers shall be elected by the 
 people in such manner as the General Assembly may by law 
 direct. 
 
 6. This Constitution shall be amended only by a Conven- 
 tion of the people called for that purpose. 
 
 7. This Constitution shall not take effect until the same is 
 ratified by the people. And to this end, there shall be an 
 election held at all the places of public election in this State, 
 on the first Tuesday in July, 1S61, when all the citizens of 
 this State entitled to vote for Governor, shall cast their bal- 
 lots either for " Ratification " or " No Ratification." The 
 election shall be conducted in the same manner as general 
 elections, and the returns shall be made to the Governor. 
 If a majority of the votes cast shall be for Ratification, the 
 Governor shall by proclamation, declare this Constitution 
 adopted by the people. But if for No Ratification, that fact 
 shall be proclaimed by the Governor, and this Constitution 
 shall have no effect whatever. 
 
 Done in Convention of the Delegates of the people of the 
 State of Georgia, at Savannah, on the 23rd day of March, in 
 the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and sixty- one. 
 
 In testimony whereof the President of said Convention 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 301 
 
 has hereunto set his hand, and caused the same to be attest- 
 ed by the secretary thereof. 
 
 ■ 
 
 The Report was taken up, read, and unanimously 
 adopted — and was then signed by the President. 
 
 Mr. Cobb offered the following Resolution, which was 
 taken up, read, and adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That the Governor shall, by Proclamation, call 
 on the proper officers, to hold the election required by the 
 Constitution. 
 
 Mr. Briscoe, from the committee on Enrollment, made 
 the following 
 
 REPORT: 
 
 Mr. President: The committee on Enrollment report as 
 duly enrolled and ready for the signature of the President, 
 the following Ordinances, to-wit : 
 
 - 
 
 AN ORDINANCE, 
 
 To pay the Volunteer force now employed in the ser- 
 vice of the State. Also, 
 
 AN ORDINANCE, 
 
 To alter and fix the time of electing the Governor and 
 members of the General Assembly. Also, 
 
 AN ORDINANCE, 
 
 To organize the Congressional Districts of the State, and 
 for other purposes. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE, 
 
 To define the number of men who shall compose a Com- 
 pany, in the two regular Regiments of Infantry. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE, 
 
 To define the extent of duration of the Ordinances passed 
 by this Convention. 
 
302 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Also the following Resolutions : 
 
 Resolutions for the transfer of the troops of the State, 
 to the Government of the Confederate States. 
 
 Resolutions relative to continuance of Provisional Gov- 
 ernment, &c. 
 
 All of which were signed by the President and trans- 
 mitted to the office of the Secretary of State. 
 
 Luther J. Glenn. Esq., the Commissioner on the part of 
 Georgia to the State of Missouri, briefly addressed the 
 Convention, upon the subject of his mission to that State, 
 and asked leave to report in writing, and that said Report 
 be printed in the Appendix to the Journal of the Conven- 
 tion. 
 
 The leave asked for was granted, 
 
 Mr. Hood then moved that the Convention do adjourn 
 mie die. 
 
 The motion prevailed. 
 
 Whereupon, the President remarked, that U A man must 
 be insensible to the social sympathies with which he 
 is surrounded, not to feel and appreciate the approval 
 by others of his conduct ; secordary only to the con- 
 sciousness of rectitude, which usually is less in act than 
 intention. Yielding to this influence, so congenial with 
 our better nature, I can only offer in return for your kind 
 expression as to the manner in which my official duties have 
 been performed, and say in familiar, yet cordial language, 
 that I thank you. Joining in the general opinion, and 
 referring to my own observation of other large deliberative 
 bodies, I venture to say, that I have seen none, which 
 surpasses this Convention in general decorum and all the 
 amenities of social life. Whatsoever of patriotic devotion 
 and intellectual strength have been displayed here, may be 
 safely trusted to the judgments of men of distant times. 
 
 Indulge me with a short retrospect of what you have 
 done: 
 
 When first assembled, there was less disagreement as to 
 the burthen of our grievances than to their remedy, and 
 especially as to the time of its application. Happily, 
 conciliation produced concord. When our common pat- 
 
GEORGIA CONVENTION. 
 
 303 
 
 roness spoke, her sons, less from opinion than instinct, 
 forgetful of the past and mindful of the future, rallied to 
 the rescue. Clasping each other with a fraternal grasp, 
 they were less intent on sharing in the glory than partici- 
 pating in a common peril and a common destiny. Thus 
 may the sons of Georgia ever be! 
 
 You have overturned a government which had become 
 sectional in policy and sectional in hostility. It had lost 
 nationality, and the first requisite of every government — 
 that of protection of person and property. True, you 
 have overthrown the Federal Union, but you have pre- 
 served the Federal Constitution. You have retained 
 ancestral wisdom in the formation of your government, 
 separated only from those abuses which experience has 
 developed. In short, you have effected a political reform- 
 ation. 
 
 Like your ancestors, you commenced with a few leading 
 ideas or principles. They may be epitomized thus: A 
 right, when assailed, must be either defended or surren- 
 dered, and that a similarity of interest must produce a 
 similarity of action. The alternative of the first propo- 
 sition you have chosen. That choice must and will be 
 vindicated. Of the second you have made an election, 
 which your experience justifies and all history proves. 
 
 In the revision of your State Constitution, you have, in 
 my judgment, improved it by each alteration made in it. 
 Whatever may have been heretofore the high standard of 
 your judges, that standard will be advanced still higher to 
 independence and legal attainments. Keduction of the 
 members of the Legislature may not have gone as far as 
 many others have desired; still as a thing, per sc, it 
 cannot be otherwise than acceptable. In all such matters, 
 we must make concessions. 
 
 Nothing remains, after bidding you a cordial adieu, and 
 wishing to each a safe return to his home, but to declare 
 as I now do, that this Convention is finally adjourned." 
 
 GEORGE W. CRAWFORD, 
 
 President of the Convention. 
 
 A. R. Lamae, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 ■ 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Milledgevilee, Geo.. 16 January, 1S61. 
 He/,. George TV. Crenvjbrd, 
 
 President of the Georgia State Convention : 
 
 Sie : — 
 
 I have the honor to enclose' you herewith my creden- 
 tials as Commissioner from the Convention of the people of 
 the State of South Carolina to the Convention of the peo- 
 ple of the State of Georgia. 
 
 In execution of the trust confided to me. I also enclose 
 vou a copy of the ordinance of secession passed by the Con- 
 vention, on the "20th of December, 1S60. 
 
 I am instructed by the Convention of South Carolina to 
 submit to the Convention of Georgia, " as the basis of a 
 provisional government for such States as shall have with- 
 drawn from their connection with the government of the 
 United States of America, the federal Constitution, provi- 
 ded that the said provisional government and the tenures of 
 all officers and appointments arising under it shall cease 
 and determine in two years from the 1st day of July next, 
 or when a permanent <zovernment shall have been organ- 
 ized." 
 
 I am likewise instructed to ' ; invite the seceding States 
 to meet in convention at such time and place as may be 
 agreed upon for the purpose of forming and putting in mo- 
 tion such provisional government, so that it shall be organ- 
 ized and go into effect at the earliest period previous to the 
 4th of March, 1S61 ; and that the same convention shall 
 then proceed forthwith to consider and propose a Constitu- 
 tion and plan for a permanent ffovernment for such States, 
 which proposed plan shall be referred back to the several 
 State conventions for their adoption or rejection." 
 
 The Convention further suggests that each of the seced- 
 20 
 
306 APPENDIX. 
 
 ing States " send to the general convention as many depu- 
 ties as are equal in number to the number of Senators and 
 Representatives to which it was entitled in the Congress of 
 the United States." 
 
 The Convention of South Carolina have elected eight 
 deputies to represent them in the general convention, but 
 declined to indicate either time or place for its meeting. 
 
 The State of Alabama having proposed the 4th of Feb- 
 ruary as the time and the city of Montgomery as the place 
 for the assembling of the general convention, I feel myself 
 fully authorized to say that the time and place will be en- 
 tirely acceptable to the Convention of South Carolina. 
 
 You will please lay before the Convention this communi- 
 cation and its enclosures. . 
 
 I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 JAMES L. ORR, 
 Com'r from South Carolina. 
 
 THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Whereas, James L. Orr has been duly elected by a vote 
 of the Convention of the people of South Carolina to act 
 as a Commissioner to the Convention of the people of the 
 State of Georgia, and the said Convention of the people of 
 the State of South Carolina has ordered the Governor of 
 said State to commission the said James L. Orr: Now, 
 therefore, I do hereby commission you, the said James L. 
 Orr, to act as a Commissioner from the State of South Car- 
 olina in Convention assembled, to the State of Georgia in 
 Convention assembled, to confer upon the subjects entrusted 
 to your charge. 
 
 Witness, His Excellency, Francis W. Pickens, Gover- 
 nor and Commander-in-Chief of the said State, this 
 second day of January in the year of our Lord one 
 thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, and the eighty- 
 fifth year of the sovereignty and independence of the 
 State of South Carolina. 
 
 F. W. PICKENS. 
 
 By the Governor : 
 James A. Duffus, 
 
 Deputy Secretary of State. 
 
appendix. :]07 
 
 The State of South Carolixa. 
 
 At a Convention of the People of the State of South 
 Carolina, begun and holden in Columbia, on the sev- 
 enteenth clay of December, in the year of our Lord 
 one thousand eiadit hundred and sixty, and thence 
 continued by adjuurnmenr to Charleston, and there, 
 by divers adjournments, to the twentieth day of 
 
 December in the same year : 
 
 ,« 
 
 AX ORDINANCE. 
 
 To dissolve the union between the State, of South Carolina 
 and other States united with her under the compact enti- 
 tled ''the Constitution of the United States of America." 
 TVr, Oin People of the S'ate of South Carolina tn Convention 
 
 assembled, do declare and ordain, and it is hereby declared and 
 
 ordained, 
 
 That the ordinance adopted by us in Convention, on the 
 twenty-third day of Mav, in the year of our Lord one thou- 
 sand seven hundred and eighty-eight, whereby the Consti- 
 tution of the United States of America was ratified, and 
 also, ail acts and parts of acts of the (ieneral Assembly of 
 this State, ratifying amendments of the said Constitution, 
 are hereby repealed : and that the union now subsisting 
 between South Carolina and other States, under the name 
 the United States of America, is hereby dissolved. 
 
 Done at Charleston, the twentieth day of December, in 
 the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and 
 sixty. 
 
 D. F. JAMISON, Pfmdent. 
 Attest : B. F. Arthur, Clerk. 
 
 ybmer of John Gill SJiortrr, Commissioner of Alabama, to the 
 President of the Georgia Cemvcntionf] 
 
 Mjlledgeville, Geo., January 16, 1S61. 
 
 Hon. George TV. Crauford, 
 
 President of the Convention of the State of Georgia : 
 Sir : — 
 
 I have the honor herewith to transmit the certificate of 
 my appointment as Commissioner from the State of Ala- 
 
308 APPENDIX. 
 
 bama to the Convention of the State of Georgia, and also 
 a duly authenticated copy of the ordinance of secession and 
 accompanying resolutions adopted by the Convention of 
 Alabama, on the 11th instant; together with a resolution 
 of the Convention concerning my instructions, in which I 
 am particularly directed to request of the Convention of the 
 State of Georgia the consideration of and concurrence in 
 the first resolution adopted by the Convention of the State 
 of Alabama, inviting the people of Georgia and of the other 
 Slaveholding States to meet the people of Alabama, by 
 their deldgates, in convention, on the 4th day of February, 
 1861, at the city of Montgomery, in the State of Alabama, 
 for the purpose of consulting with each other as to the most 
 effectual mode of securing concerted and harmonious action 
 in whatever measures may be deemed most desirable for 
 our common peace and security, it being the desired pur- 
 pose of the people of Alabama to meet the Slaveholding 
 States, who may approve such purpose, in order to frame a 
 provisional as well as a permanent government upon the 
 principles of the Constitution of the United States. 
 I have the honor to be, with high consideration, 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 JOHN GILL SHORTER, 
 
 [Commission of John Gill Shorter as State Commissioner from 
 
 Alabama.'] 
 
 ■ 
 
 Executive Department, ) 
 Montgomery, Ala. Dec, 21, 1860. ) 
 
 Whereas, The election of Abraham Lincoln, a Black 
 Republican, to the Presidency of the United States, by a 
 purely sectional vote, and by a party whose leading and 
 publicly avowed object is the destruction of the institution 
 of slavery as it exists in the Slaveholding States ; and 
 whereas the success of said party and the power which it 
 now has and soon will acquire, greatly endanger the peace, 
 interests, security, and honor of the Slaveholding States, 
 and make it necessary that prompt and effective measures 
 should be adopted to avoid the evils which must result from 
 a Republican administration of the Federal Government. 
 And as the interests and destiny of the Slaveholding States 
 
APPENDIX. 309 
 
 are the same, they must naturally sympathise with each 
 other ; they, therefore, so far as may be practicable, should 
 consult and advise together as to what is feest to be done 
 to protect their mutual interests and honor. 
 
 Now, therefore, in consideration of the premises, 1, An- 
 drew B. Moore, Governor of the State of Alabama, by 
 virtue of the general powers in me vested, do hereby con- 
 stitute and appoint Hon. John Gill Shorter, a citizen of 
 said State, a Commissioner to the sovereign State of Geor- 
 gia to consult and advise with his Excellency. Governor 
 Joseph E. Brown and the members of the Convention to 
 be assembled in said State, as to what is best to be clone to 
 protect the rights, interests, and honor of the Siaveholding 
 States, and to report the result of such consultation in time 
 to enable me to communicate the same to the Convention 
 of the State of Alabama to be held on Mondav. the ?th dav 
 of January next, if practicable. 
 
 In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, 
 and caused the Great Seal of the State to be affixed 
 in the city of Montgomery, this 21^1 day of De- 
 cember. A. D. 1860. 
 
 A. B. MOORE. 
 
 [Resolution of instruction to Commissioner.] 
 
 Montgomery, Ala., January 14th. 1561. 
 Hon. John Gill Shorter: 
 Dear Sir : — 
 
 The following resolution was passed by the Convention 
 in session to-dav : 
 
 '''Resolved by the gepfife of Alabama in Convent io /t assembled* 
 That the Commissioners heretofore appointed bv the Gov- 
 ernor of this State to the several States, be, and they are 
 hereby directed to present to the conventions of said States 
 the preamble, ordinance, and resolutions adopted bv the 
 people of the State of Alabama, in Convention, on the 11th 
 day of January, 1S61, and to request their consideration of 
 and concurrence in the first resolution." 
 
 With the above resolution is herewith transmitted to you, 
 
310 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 by order of the Convention, a certified copy of the preamble, 
 ordinance and resolution referred to. 
 
 Respectfully, 
 
 WILLIAM M. BROOKS, . 
 President or the Convention. 
 
 [Ordinance of Alabama.'] 
 
 ■ 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To dissolve the union between the State of Alabama and 
 other States united under the compact styled "the Con- 
 stitution of the United States of America." 
 
 Whereas, The election of Abraham Lincoln and Hanibal 
 Hamlin to the office of President- and Vice President of the 
 United States of America, by a sectional party, avowedly 
 hostile to the domestic institutions and to the peace and 
 security of the people of the State of Alabama, preceded 
 by many and dangerous infractions of the Constitution of 
 the United States by many of the States and people of the 
 Northern section, is a political wrong of so insulting and 
 menacing a character as to justify the people of the State 
 of Alabama in the adoption of prompt and decided meas- 
 ures for their future peace and security, therefore, 
 
 Beit declared and ordained by the people of the State of Alabama, 
 in Convention assembled, That the State of Alabama now with- 
 draws and is hereby withdrawn from the Union known as 
 " the United States ol America," and henceforth ceases to 
 be one of the said United States, and is, and of right ought 
 to be a Sovereign and Independent Slate. 
 
 Sec. 2. Be it further declared and ordained by the people of 
 the State of Alabama in Convention assembled, That all the 
 powers over the territory of said State, and over the peo- 
 ple thereof, heretofore delegated to the Government of the 
 United States of America, be and they are hereby with- 
 drawn from said Government, and are hereby resumed and 
 vested in the people of the State of Alabama. 
 
 And as it is the desire and purpose of the people of Ala- 
 bama to meet the Slaveholding States of the South, who 
 approve such purpose, in order to frame a provisional as 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 311 
 
 well as permanent government upon the principles of the 
 Constitution of the United States, 
 
 • Be it resolved by the people of Alabama in Convention assem- 
 bled, That the people of the States of Delaware, Maryland, 
 Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Georgia, 
 Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Ken- 
 tucky and Missouri, be and are hereby invited to meet the 
 people of the State of Alabama, hy their delegates, in Con- 
 vention, on the 4th day of February, A. 1)., 1S61, at the 
 city of Montgomery, in the State of Alabama, for the pur- 
 pose of consulting with each other as to the most effectual 
 mode of securing concerted and harmonious action in what- 
 ever measures may be deemed most desirable for our com- 
 mon peace and security. 
 
 And be it further resolved, That the President of this Con 
 vention, be and he is hereby instructed to transmit forth- 
 with a copy of the foregoing preamble, ordinance and reso- 
 lutions to the G-overnors of the several States named in 
 said resolutions. 
 
 Done by the people of the State of Alabama, in Con- 
 vention assembled, at Montgomery, on this, the eleventh 
 day of January, A. D. 1881. 
 
 WILLIAM M. BROOKS. 
 President of the Convention. 
 
 STATE OF MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 John J. Pettus, Governor of the State of Mississippi, to 
 His Excellency, the Governor of the State of Georgia, Greet- 
 
 mk<J* ■ V.' V V 
 
 Be it known, that, reposing special trust and confidence 
 in the ability, integrity and fitness of Hon. Thos. W. White 
 I have, in compliance with a resolution passed by the Le- 
 gislature of this State, on the 30th day of November, A. D. 
 1S60, appointed, and by these presents do appoint him a 
 Commissioner from Mississippi, to proceed to the Capital 
 of Georgia, to inform the people of that Commonwealth, 
 through their Executive, that the Legislature of this State 
 has passed an act calling a Convention of the people of the 
 
312 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 State, to consider the present threatening relations of the 
 Northern and Southern sections of the United States— ag- 
 gravated by the recent election of a President upon princi- 
 ples of hostility to the States of the South, and to express 
 the earnest hope of Mississippi that Georgia will co-operate 
 with her in the adoption of efficient measures for the com- 
 mon defence and safety of the South. 
 
 Given under my hand, and the Great Seal of the State 
 hereunto affixed, at the City of Jackson, this the 5th 
 day of December, A. D. 1860. 
 
 JOHN J. PETTUS. 
 
 By the Governor : 
 C. A. Brougi-ier, 
 
 Secretary of State. 
 
 Resolved, That the Convention confirm the appointments 
 of Commissioners heretofore made by the Governor of this 
 State, under a resolution of the Legislature of Mississppi, 
 the 30th day of November A. D. 1860. 
 
 Passed unanimously. 
 
 F. A Pope, Secretary of the Convention. 
 
 CONVENTION BILL. 
 
 An Act to provide for a Convention of the people of the State of 
 
 Mississippi. 
 
 Section 1. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of 
 Mississijyin, That an election for delegates to a Convention 
 of the people of the State of Mississippi, shall be held in the 
 several counties thereof, on Thursday, the twentieth day of 
 December, I860, and that said election shall be held at all 
 the precincts established by law, and shall be managed and 
 conducted by the Sheriffs or other proper officers of the 
 counties respectively, in the same manner, and according 
 £0 the same rules and regulations, as are prescribed by law 
 for the election of members of the Legislature. And it is 
 hereby declared to be the duty of the Governor to issue his 
 proclamation to the several Sheriffs of the State, at least 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 313 
 
 ten days before the time appointed for holding said election, 
 requiring them to hold and conduct the same according to 
 law, and the said Sheriffs shall advertise the time and place 
 of holding said election for five days by publication in the 
 several newspapers of their respective counties, and by post- 
 ing notices at four public places in their counties. 
 
 Sec. 2. Be it further enacted, That each county shall be 
 represented in said Convention by the same number of dele, 
 gates as such county has of Representatives in the House of 
 Representatives, including the representation of any city or 
 town in any county. 
 
 Sec. 3. Be it further enacted, That any person shall be 
 eligible to the said Convention who shall, at the time of the 
 election, be a citizen of the State of Mississippi, and above 
 the age of twenty-one years. Provided, That each delegate 
 shall have resided in the county from which he is elected, 
 for four months immediately prior to the session of the Con- 
 vention, and been a citizen of the State for twelve months 
 prior thereto. 
 
 Sec. 4. Be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty 
 of the Sheriff, or other proper returning officer, of every 
 county, immediately after said election, to make a complete 
 return to the Secretary of State, of the votes cast for dele- 
 gates in his county, and the certificate of election of the re- 
 turning officer of the proper county, or of the Secretary of 
 State in favor of any delegate, shall be evidence of his right 
 to a seat in said Convention ; subject, if contested, to deci- 
 sion by said Convention, in such manner as they may pre- 
 scribe. 
 
 Sec. 5. Be it further enacted, That the delegates elected 
 under the rjrovisions of this act, shall assemble at the Capi" 
 tol of the State, on Monday, the seventh clay of January, 
 1861, and organize themselves into a Convention by the 
 election of a President, and such other officers as they may 
 deem necessary, and the appointment of a suitable number 
 assistants, and shall proceed to consider the then existing 
 relations between the Government of the United States and 
 the Government and people of the State of Mississippi, and 
 to adopt such measures for vindicating the sovereignty of 
 the State, and the protection of its institutions, as shall ap- 
 pear to them to be demanded ; said Convention shall adopt 
 
314 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 such rules and regulations for its government and the pro- 
 per transaction of business, as they shall think proper. The 
 officers, members and assistants of said Convention shall re- 
 ceive the same compensation as is now allowed by law to 
 the officers, members and assistants of the Legislature, and 
 the Auditor of Public Accounts shall issue his warrant on 
 the Treasury of the State therefor, upon the 'certificate of 
 the President of the amount due. 
 
 Sec. 6. Be it further enacted, That in case of vacancy occur- 
 ring in said Convention, by death, resignation, or otherwise, 
 of any member, it shall be the duty of the G overnor to cause 
 such vacancy to be filled, if practicable, by issuing his writ 
 of election to the Sheriff of the proper county, requiring 
 him, on five days notice, to hold an election according to 
 law to fill the same. 
 
 Sec. 7. Be it. further enacted. That this act shall take ef- 
 fect from and after its passage. 
 
 J. A. P. CAMPBELL, 
 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
 
 JAMES DRANE, 
 
 President of the Senate. 
 Approved, November 29, 1S60. 
 
 JOHN J. PETTUS. 
 
 > 
 
 RESOLUTIONS 
 
 Of the State of Mississippi, declaring secession to be the 
 proper remedy for the Southern States. 
 
 Whereas, The Constitutional Union was formed by the 
 several States in their separate, sovereign capacity, for the 
 purpose of mutual advantage and protection. That the 
 several States are distinct sovereignities, whose supremacy 
 is limited so far only as the same has been delegated by 
 voluntary compact to a Federal Government, and when it 
 fails to accomplish the ends for which it was established, 
 the parties to the compact have the right to resume, each 
 for itself, such delegated powers. That the institution of 
 slavery existed prior to the formation of the Federal Con- 
 stitution, and is recognized bv its letter, and all efforts to 
 
APPENDIX. 315 
 
 impair its value or lessen its duration by Congress, or any 
 of the free States, is a violation of the compact of Union, 
 and is destructive of the ends for which it was ordained, but 
 in defiance of the principles of the Union thus established, 
 the people of the Northern States have assumed a revolu- 
 tionary position towards the Southern States, that they 
 have set at defiance that provision of the Constitution which 
 was intended to secure domestic tranquility, among the 
 States, and promote their general welfare, namely : " No 
 person held to service or labor in one State under the laws 
 thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any 
 law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service 
 or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to 
 whom such service or labor may be nue." That they have 
 by voluntary associations, individual agencies, and State 
 Legislation, interfered with slavery as it prevails in the 
 slaveholding States. That they have enticed our slaves 
 from us, and by State intervention, obstructed and prevent- 
 ed their rendition under the fugitive slave law. That they 
 continue their system of agitation obviously for the pur- 
 pose of encouraging other slaves to escape from service, to 
 weaken the institution in the slaveholding States, by ren- 
 dering the holding of such property insecure, and, as a con- 
 sequence, its ultimate abolition certain. 
 
 That they claim the right, and demand its execution by 
 Congress, to exclude slavery from the Territories, but claim 
 the right of protection for every species of property owned 
 by themselves. 
 
 That they declare in every maimer in which public opin- 
 ion is expressed, their unutterable determination to exclude 
 from admittance into the Union any new State that tolerates 
 slavery its Constitution, and thereby force Congress to a 
 condemnation of that species of property. That they thus 
 seek, by an increase of abolition States, "to acquire two- 
 thirds of both houses," for the purpose of proposing an 
 amendment to the Constitution of the United States, abolish- 
 ing slavery in the States, and so continue the agitation, that 
 the proposed amendment shall be ratified by the Legisla- 
 tures of three-fourths of the States. That to encourage the 
 stealing of our property, they have put at defiance that pro- 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 vision of the Constitution, which declares that fugitives 
 from justice into another State, on demand of the Executive 
 authority of the State from which he fled, shall be delivered 
 up. That they have, in violation of the comity of all civil- 
 ized nations, and in violation of the comity established by 
 the Constitution of the United States, insulted and outraged 
 our citizens, when travelling amongst them for pleasure, 
 health, or business, by taking their servants, and liberating 
 the same under the forms of State laws, and subjecting their 
 owners to degrading and ignominious punishment. That 
 they have sought to create domestic discord in the Southern 
 States by incendiary publications. 
 
 That they encourage a hostile invasion of a Southern 
 State, to excite insurrection, murder and rapine. 
 
 That they have deprived Southern citizens of their pro- 
 perty, and continue an unfriendly agitation of their domes- 
 tic institution, claiming for themselves perfect immunity 
 from external interference with their domestic policy, we 
 of the Southern States alone made an exception to that uni- 
 versal quiet. 
 
 That they have elected a majority of Electors for Presi- 
 dent and Vice President, on the ground that there exists an 
 irreconcilable conflict between the two sections of the Con- 
 federacy, in reference to their respective systems of labor, 
 and in pursance of their hostility to us and our institutions, 
 thus declaring to the civilized world, that the powers of 
 this Government are to be used for the dishonor and over- 
 throw of the Southern section of this great Confederacy. 
 
 Therefore, Be it Resolved by the Legislature of the State of 
 Mississippi, That in the opinion of those who now constitute 
 the said Legislature, the secession of each aggrieved State 
 is the proper remedy for these injuries. 
 
 J. A. P. CAMPBELL, 
 Speaker of the House of ^Representatives. 
 
 JAMES DP AXE, 
 
 President of the Senate. 
 Approved, November 30, I860. 
 
 JOHN J. PETTUS. 
 
appendix. 317 
 
 The State of Mississippi. 
 
 At a Convention of the people of the State of Mississip- 
 pi, began and holden at Jackson, the seventh day of 
 January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight 
 liundred and sixty-one: 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To dissolve the union between the State of Mississippi and 
 other States, united with her under the compact entitled 
 the Constitution of the United States of America. 
 
 The people of the State of the State of Mississippi, in Conven- 
 tion assembled, do ordain and declare, and it is hereby ordained 
 and. declared as follows, to-wit : 
 
 Section 1st. That all the laws and ordinances by which 
 the said State of Mississippi became a member of the Fede- 
 ral Union of the United States of America, be and the same 
 are hereby repealed ; and that all obligations on the part 
 of the said State or the people thereof, to observe the same 
 be withdrawn ; and that the said State doth hereby resume 
 all the rights, functions, and powers which by any of said 
 laws or ordinances, were conveyed to the Government of 
 the said United States, and is absolved from all the obliga- 
 tions, restraints and duties incurred to the said Federal 
 Union, and shall from henceforth be a free, sovereign, and 
 independent State. 
 
 Sec. 2d. That so much of the first section of the seventh 
 article of the Constitution of this State, as requires mem- 
 bers of the Legislature, and all officers, executive, and judicial, 
 to take an oath or affirmation to support the Constitution 
 of the United States, be and the same is hereby abrogated 
 and annulled. 
 
 Sec. 3d. That all rights acquired and vested under the 
 Constitution of the United States, or under any act of Con- 
 gress passed, or treaty made in pursuance thereof, or under 
 any law of this State, and not incompatible with this ordi- 
 nance, shall remain in force, and have the same effect as if 
 this ordinance had not been passed. 
 
 Sec. 4th. That the people of the State of Mississippi, 
 hereby consent to form a Federal Union, with such of the 
 
31S 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 States as may have seceded, or may secede from the Union 
 of the United States of America, upon the basis of the pre- 
 sent Constitution of the said United States, except such 
 parts thereof as embrace other portions than such seceding 
 States. 
 
 Done at Jackson, the ninth day of January, in the year 
 of our Lord one thousand ei°ht hundred and sixty-one. 
 
 WILLIAM S. BARRY, President. 
 Attest : F. A. Pope, Clerl; 
 
 RESOLUTION 
 
 Providing for the appointment of Commissioners, &c. 
 
 Resolved by the Legislature of the State of Mississippi, That 
 the Governor be requested to appoint as many Commis- 
 siones as in his judgment may be necessary to visit each of 
 the slaveholding States, and designate the State or States 
 to which each Commissioner shall be commissioned — whose 
 duty it shall be to inform them that this Legislature has 
 passed an act calling f Convention of the people of the 
 State, to consider the present threatening relations of the 
 Northern and Southern sections of the Confederacy, aggra- 
 vated by the recent election of a President upon principles 
 of hostility to the States of the South, and to express the 
 earnest hope of Mississippi that those States will co-operate 
 with her in the adoption of efficient measures for their com- 
 mon defence and safety. 
 
 Resolved, That should any Sonthern State not have con- 
 vened its Legislature, the Commissioner to such State shall 
 appeal to the Governor thereof, to call the Legislature to- 
 gether, in order that its co-operation be immediately se- 
 cured. 
 
 J. A. P. CAMPBELL, 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
 
 JAMES DRANE, 
 
 President of the Senate: 
 
 Approved, November 30, 1860. 
 
 JOHN J. PETTUS. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 319 
 
 THE STATE OF LOUISIANA. 
 
 AX ORDINANCE 
 
 To dissolve the union between the State of Louisiana and 
 other States united with her under the compact entitled 
 " the Constitution of the United States." 
 
 Be, the pcop/rr.f* the State of Louisiana, in Convent ton assem- 
 bled, do declare and ordain, and it is herebu declared and or- 
 dained, 
 
 That the ordinance passed by us on the 22d day of 
 November, in the year eighteen hundred and eleven, where- 
 by the Constitution of the United States of America, and 
 the amendments of said Constitution were adopted, and all 
 laws and ordinances by which the State of Louisiana be- 
 came a member of the Federal Union, be and the same are 
 hereby repealed and abrogated ; and that the union now 
 subsisting between Louisiana and other States under the 
 name of " the United States of America " is hereby dis- 
 solved. 
 
 We do farther declare and ordain, That the State of Louis- 
 iana hereby resumes all rights and powers heretofore dele- 
 gated to the Government of the United States of America ; 
 that her citizens are absolved from all allegiance to said 
 government, and that she is in full possession and exercise 
 of all those rights of sovereignty which appertain to a free 
 and independent State. 
 
 We do further declare and ordetin, That ail rights acquired 
 and vested under the Constitution of the United States, or 
 any act of Congress, or treaty, or under any law of this 
 State and not incompatible with this ordinance shall remain 
 in force, and have the same effect as if this ordinance had 
 not been passed. 
 
 Adopted in Convention, at Baton Rouge, this twenty- 
 sixth day of January, eighteen hundred and sixty-one. 
 Signed by the Hon. 
 
 ALEXANDER MOUTON, 
 President of the Convention of the State of Louisiana. 
 A true copy of the original. 
 
 J. Thomas Wheat, 
 
 Secretary of the Convention, 
 
320 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 THE STATE OF LOUISIANA. 
 
 RESOLUTION 
 In reference to the free navigation of the Mississippi river. 
 
 Resolved, That we, the people of the State of Louisiana, 
 recognize the right of the free navigation of the Mississippi 
 river and its tributaries by all friendly States bordering 
 thereon. And we also recognize the right of egress and 
 ingress of the mouths of the Mississippi river by all friendly 
 States and powers ; and we do hereby declare our willing- 
 ness to enter into any stipulations to guarantee the exercise 
 of said rights. 
 
 Adopted in Convention, at Baton Rouge, this twenty- 
 sixth day of January, eighteen hundred and sixty-one. 
 
 (Signed) A. MOUTON, 
 
 President of the Convention of the State of Louisiana. 
 
 ■ 
 
 A true copy from the original. 
 
 J. Thomas Wheat, 
 
 Secretary of the Convention. 
 
 THE STATE OF LOUISIANA. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 - 
 
 To provide for the appointment of delegates to a Conven- 
 tion to form a Southern Confederacy. 
 
 We, the people of Louisiana, in Convention assembled, do de- 
 clare and ordain, and it is hereby declared and ordained, 
 
 First, That this Convention will, on the thirtieth 
 day of January instant, at the hour of 12 M., proceed to 
 elect viva voce, six delegates, two from the State at large, 
 and one from each Congressional District, to represent this 
 State in the Convention of seceding States proposed to be 
 held at Montgomery, in the State of Alabama, on the fourth 
 day of February, eighteen hundred and sixty-one, for the 
 purpose of securing concerted and harmonious action, and 
 also of forming a provisional government for those States, 
 which have seceded, and which may secede, and intend to 
 form a Southern Confederacy. 
 
APPENDIX. 321 
 
 Second, That the said delegates be instructed to aid in 
 forming a provisional government on the basis of the Con- 
 stitution of the United States for such States as have sece- 
 ded or may secede, to be established and put in operation 
 before the fourth day of March, 1S61, and that the same 
 Convention of seceding States shall proceed forthwith to 
 consider and propose a Constitution and plan for a perma- 
 nent government for such States, which proposed plan shall 
 be referred back to the several State Conventions for their 
 adoption or rejection. 
 
 Third, That this Convention accepts the recommenda- 
 tion of the State of South Carolina that each State be enti- 
 tled to one vote in the said Convention upon all questions 
 which may be voted upon therein ; and that each State 
 send as many delegates as are equal in number to the num- 
 ber of Senators and Representatives to which it was enti- 
 tled in the Congress of the United States. 
 
 Fourth, That if from any cause, the said Convention, 
 should not assemble at the time and place above mentioned, 
 then, and in that event, the said delegates be, and they are 
 hereby accredited to any Convention of seceding States 
 which may meet at any other time and place having for its 
 object the formation of a government and the establishing 
 of a Confederacy, as herein before prescribed, and which 
 may adjourn to meet at any other time and place. 
 
 Adopted in Convention, at the city of New Orleans, this 
 twenty-ninth day of January, eighteen hundred and sixty- 
 one. 
 
 (Signed) A. MOUTON, 
 
 President of the Convention. 
 A true copy of the original. 
 
 J. Thomas Wheat, 
 
 Secretary of the Convention. 
 
322 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 [Report of D. C. Campbell, Esq., Commissioner from Georgia to 
 
 Delaware.'] 
 
 Milledgeville, March 4th, 1861. 
 
 To the Honorable the President and Members of the Convention 
 <2/" People of Georgia : 
 
 In pursuance of my appointment by your body as Com- 
 missioner to the State of Delaware, I have visited Dover, 
 the Capital of that State, and, to the best of my ability, 
 discharged the trusts you confided to me. On my way 
 thither, at Washington city, I learned from those most 
 competent to give information, the state of public senti- 
 ment in Delaware in regard to questions Connected with 
 the objects of my mission ; that a large majority of the 
 people were aggrieved at the aggressions of the Northern 
 upon the Southern States ; that their sympathies and inter- 
 ests were with the latter, and that on the withdrawal of 
 Virginia and Maryland from the United States, Delaware 
 would unquestionably follow them and unite her destinies 
 with the Confederate States of the South. I learned also 
 that the Legislature of the State, then in session, was not 
 regarded as a true exponent of the sentiments of the people 
 on these points, and was advised to address myself to the 
 Executive. On reaching Dover, I found that one branch of 
 the Legislature, the Senate, had a majority of one, known 
 and recognized as Democrats, and the other branch, a ma- 
 jority of one, though not elected such, called and regarded 
 as Republicans. After a long, social and satisfactory inter- 
 view with his Excellency Gov. Burton, and a consultation 
 with a number of the leading and prominent men of the 
 State, most friendly to the objects of my mission, all of 
 whom concurred in the opinion that the objects I had in 
 view would be best promoted by addressing myself to the 
 Executive, I concluded to make no application for a hear- 
 ing before the Legislature. Accordingly I addressed a com- 
 munication to the Governor setting forth the objects of my 
 mission and briefly discussing the advantages that would 
 result to Delaware by her union with a Southern Confeder- 
 acy, and enclosed therein the documents I had been instruc- 
 ted to lay before the constituted authorities of the State. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 323 
 
 The Governor promptly transmitted my communication to 
 the Legislature, without any comment, except that in his 
 message accompanying it he renewed a previous recommen- 
 dation for a call of a Convention of the people to take into 
 consideration the questions then agitating the country. 
 The Senate immediately took up the message for considera- 
 tion and adopted a resolution, in substance, affirming that 
 Delaware appreciated the courtesy of Georgia in sending a 
 Commissioner to her ; that in view of her location and the 
 state of things existing in the States around her, the time 
 for action on her part had not arrived, and that when it did 
 come, Delaware would pursue that course that would best 
 promote her interests. The House postponed for the pres- 
 ent any action on the message of the Governor, and I have 
 not yet learned what, if any, has been its action on the 
 subject. It was expected the Legislature would continue 
 its session till after the 4th of March, that it might mark 
 out its future course by the events of that day. Hence it 
 may be, that the final action of the Legislature has not yet 
 been forwarded to me. 
 
 I cannot conclude this report without giving it as my 
 decided opinion, formed from the declarations made to me 
 by a large number of the prominent and leading men of 
 Delaware, including some who have heretofore rilled her 
 Executive chair and represented her in both branches of the 
 Congress of the United States, members of all parties into 
 which the country has heretofore been divided, that when- 
 ever Virginia and Maryland shall withdraw from the Union, 
 Delaware would follow in their footsteps. She will not 
 consent to unite her destinies with a Northern Confederacy 
 while she can form an alliance with one at the South, with 
 which she is more identified by interest and to which she is 
 drawn by sentiment and sympathy. 
 
 It is due to the State of Delaware and to myself, that I 
 should gratefully acknowledge, as I here do, the kindness 
 and courtesy extended to me, as your humble representa- 
 tive, by the Executive and other officers and citizens of 
 Delaware with whom, during my visit, I was thrown in 
 contact. 
 
324 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 A copy of rny communication to Gov. Burton accompa- 
 nies this report. 
 
 With great respect, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 D. C. CAMPBELL. 
 
 [Copy of communication addressed to the Governor of Delaware 
 by D. C. Campbell, Commissioner, SfcJ] 
 
 Dover, Del., Feb. 12th, 1861. 
 
 His Excellency Gov. Burton : 
 Deae Sir : — 
 
 I have already had the honor to place in your hand my 
 credentials accrediting me as a Commissioner to the State of 
 Delaware, from a Convention of the people of the State of 
 Georgia, recently assembled at her capitol. The object of my 
 mission is two-fold. 1st, To lay before the constituted author- 
 ities of your State the ordinance of secession, by which the 
 State of Georgia has repealed the ordinance by virtue of 
 which she became a member of the late Confederacy known 
 as the United States of America, has withdrawn from that 
 Confederacy, and has declared herself a free, sovereign and 
 independent State. The second object of my mission is, 
 in the name of my State, to invite the co-operation of Del- 
 aware, with Georgia and the other seceding States, in the 
 formation ot a Southern Confederacy. 
 
 In obedience to my instructions, I beg leave to lay before 
 you the following documents, all of which are enclosed : 
 
 1st, A resolution of the Georgia Convention declaring 
 it the right and duty of Georgia to secede from the Union. 
 
 2d, An authenticated copy of the ordinance of secession. 
 
 3d, A resolution of the Convention uniting with Ala- 
 bama in the invitation to the State of Delaware, to send 
 Commissioners to represent her at Montgomery, Ala. 
 
 4th, A resolution of the Convention appointing Com- 
 missioners to Delaware and other States and defining their 
 duties. 
 
 I beg leave respectfully to ask you to take into consid- 
 eration these documents, exhibiting the objects of my mis- 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 325 
 
 sion, and if you approve the measure, to lay the same be- 
 fore the Legislature. 
 
 You will perceive that the prominent object of my mis- 
 sion is to invite the co-operation of Delaware in the forma- 
 tion of a Southern Confederacy. Georgia, in the movement 
 she has made, has not acted in haste or with precipitancy, 
 nor without calm deliberation, and after having counted 
 the cost. She did not withdraw from the Union till she 
 had lost all hope of being able to maintain the rights and 
 equality guaranteed to her by the compact into which she 
 had entered, and to enjoy the domestic tranquility which 
 was one of the prominent objects of that compact to secure 
 to her. She has now passed the rubicon, and with no in- 
 tention of taking any steps backwards. Already in alliance 
 with other of her sister and neighboring States who have 
 formed a provisional government, and intend speedily to 
 •organize a permanent government upon the basis of the 
 Constitution of the United States, she looks with interest 
 to those of the Slaveholding States who have not yet cast 
 in their lot with her, and from whom she has been compell- 
 ed to separate, not without feelings of deep and poignant 
 regret. They have heretofore battled with her for the same 
 rights, triumphed with her in the same successes, and 
 mourned with her over the same reverses. Although it is 
 well known in Georgia that Delaware, in proportion to her 
 population, has not as deep an interest in the institution of 
 slavery as the other border Slaveholding States, yet it is 
 well known that she is identified with Georgia in interest, 
 more so in sentiment, in principle, and in sympathy ; and 
 it is confidently believed is destined, ere long, under the 
 force of events rapidly crowding upon her, to be identified 
 with her in action and in her future destiny. 
 
 It is no part of my duty to indicate to the State of Del- 
 aware what course it may comport with her honor or her 
 interest to pursue, yet pardon me in making the suggestion 
 that the Cotton States are agricultural in the pursuits of 
 their people, and have heretofore been dependent on the 
 Northern States mainly for the products of manufacturing 
 and mechanical labor. Hereafter they will look for these 
 products across the Atlantic, if they cannot be furnished 
 
326 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 by States in alliance with them. Those Southern border 
 States, therefore, who are far advanced in manufacturing 
 and mechanical skill have now tendered to them the entire 
 South for a market, and that without a rival. 
 
 One other consideration. Free trade or an approxima- 
 tion to it will probably prevail in the Southern Confedera- 
 cy. Delaware has her sea ports. Is it unreasonable to suppose 
 that under the high protective tariffs that will prevail in 
 
 the Northern Confederacy, that those sea ports may attach 
 to them when they can sell goods at lower prices, because 
 imported under a lower tariff, an extensive and valuable 
 commerce which never heretofore has reached them ? But 
 on this topic I forbear. 
 
 I have only to add, that it is the sincere and earnest de- 
 sire of the State of Georgia that all the Slaveholding States 
 may be united in the Confederacy, the nucleus of which is 
 already formed, and that Delaware wall be among them, 
 exhibiting as she has done in the Union that has ceased to 
 exist, her full quota of talent and moral worth, and con- 
 tributing her full quota to its prosperity. 
 
 With sentiments of profound respect, 
 
 I have the honor to be, 
 
 Respectfully, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 D. C. CAMPBELL. 
 
 [Report of Gen. J. W. A. Sa?ford, Commissioner from Georgia 
 
 to Texas.'] 
 
 ■ 
 
 Milledgeville, March 7th, 1S61. 
 
 Sir :— 
 
 It is known to your honorable body, that on the day af- 
 ter my appointment as Commissioner to Texas. I set out 
 for the city of Austin, the Capital of that State. Upon my 
 arrival at that point, I found its Convention in session, and 
 forthwith proceeded to make known the object of my mis- 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 327 
 
 sion. I am happy to inform you that body of enlightened 
 statesmen and patriots, cordially endorsed the late action 
 of Georgia, and their people, not less cordial in their ap- 
 proval of her course, have followed her example and pro- 
 claimed in the last four days, with almost one voice for 
 Southern independence and the establishment of a South- 
 ern Confederacy. Although their determination, in this 
 respect, from its public notoriety must have already 
 reached you through different channels, yet I have consid- 
 ered it proper in closing my embassy, to authenticate the 
 fact by communicating it officially to your honorable body. 
 
 From the evidence which this spirited and patriotic race 
 of men have thus given of their loyalty and devotion to 
 Southern rights, I feel that I pay but a just tribute to the 
 courage and patriotism of the people of Texas, in saying, 
 having upon mature deliberation, adopted this measure as 
 a last resort to protect their interests and institutions from North- 
 ern encroachment and usurpation, and to vindicate their honor 
 and character from the ignominous imputation of abject submis- 
 sion to wanton outrage and insult, they ivill stand by their act "at 
 every hazard and to the last extremity" In my admiration of 
 their conduct, I can not but contrast their noble attitude with the 
 humilitating supplicating posture of others vainly begging upon 
 their hiees, as a gracious boon what as freemen and equals they 
 should demand with arms in their hands. 
 
 Upon the occasion of this most welcome and valued ac- 
 cession to our cause, I rejoice that it is our privilege to 
 hail the " Lone Star " as one of the Southern Constellation, 
 making now our number seven. Like the seven stars of 
 the Heavens, may they revolve harmoniously in their orbit, 
 increasing in beauty and splendor in their onward and up- 
 ward course ; unlike the fabled Pleiades of antiquity, may 
 no one of their number shoot madly from its sphere, unhap- 
 pily doomed to become an isolated wanderer, with no fixed 
 track until all set to rise no more. 
 
 I have the honor to be with sentiments of hi<?h. considera- 
 tion, your most obedient servant, 
 
 J. W. A. SANFOBD. 
 
 Hon. George W. Crawford, 
 
 President of Georgia Convention, 
 
 Savannah, Ga. 
 
328 APPENDIX. 
 
 [Report of A. R. Wright Esq., Commissioner from Georgia to 
 
 Maryland.'] 
 
 Savannah, March 13th, 1861. 
 To Hon. G. W. Crawford, President %*., 
 Sir: — 
 
 Under your appointment of myself as Commissioner to 
 Maryland, I visited that State on the ISth ult., and found 
 in session on that day in the city of Baltimore, a Conven- 
 tion of her people assembled, to take advisory action upon 
 the condition of the country. 
 
 This Convention, I learned, was not a legally constituted 
 body, authorized to take definite and binding action, but 
 was a voluntary assemblage of the people, which had no 
 power to commit their State to any line of policy. I did 
 not therefore feel authorized under the ordinance of your 
 body, prescribing the duties of your commissioner, to lay 
 before them the action of our State, or to hold any inter- 
 course with them of an official character. I visited the Con- 
 vention (unofficially), and being invited to a seat on their 
 floor, attended the meetings of the same during the two 
 days of their session. I found the members of that Conven- 
 tion, comprising as it did, a number of the best men and 
 highest talent of the State, while they thought the Cotton 
 States had acted with undue haste and precipitancy? — al- 
 most unanimous for resistance to Black Republican rule, 
 and determined to co-operate with the seceding States, in 
 the event that Virginia should determine to withdraw 
 from the Federal Government. The situation of Maryland 
 geographically, is such, that however mortifying it may be 
 to her gallant sons, she is compelled to direct her action in 
 concert with Virginia, that State and North Carolina, ly- 
 ing immediately between her and the Cotton States. 
 
 The Convention after a session of two days, adjourned to 
 reassemble on the 12th inst., unless in the interval Virginia 
 should take decided action, in which event they were to 
 immediately re-assemble for binding and definite action. 
 Before adjourning however, that body passed the following- 
 resolutions : 
 
 " The committee on resolutions, through their chairman, 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 329 
 
 Hon. Robert MeLane, submitted to the Convention the fol- 
 lowing resolutions : 
 
 Whereas, It is the opinion of this meeting, that in the 
 present alarming crisis in the history of our country, it is 
 desirable that the State of Maryland should be represented 
 by judicious, intelligent, and patriotic agents, fully authori- 
 zed to confer and act with our sister States of the South, 
 and particularly with the State of Virginia. 
 
 And whereas, such authority can be conferred solely by 
 a Convention of the people of the State. 
 
 And whereas, in the opinion of the meeting, the Legisla- 
 ture not being in session, a full and fair expression of the 
 popular will is most likely to be heard by a Convention call- 
 ed by the recommendation of the Executive. 
 
 And whereas, it is alleged that the Governor now has it 
 in contemplation to recommend by proclamation such a 
 movement in the event of a failure by the Peace Conference 
 and Congress to effect any satisfactory solution of the vex- 
 ed question now agitating the country. Be it there- 
 fore 
 
 Resolved, That we shall approve such a proceeding on the 
 part of the Governor, and add the voice of this Convention 
 to urge the voters of this State to regard such proclamation. 
 And with a view to allow time for the action of the Gover- 
 nor in the matter, the Convention will adjourn until the 
 12th day of March next, unless intermediately the State of 
 Virginia should bv her sovereign Convention, secede from 
 the Union, in which event and in case the Governor of the 
 State shall not have then called a sovereign Convention 
 of the people of this State, this Convention shall at once as- 
 semble at the call of the President, with a view of recom- 
 mending to the people of this State, the election of dele- 
 gates to such a sovereign Convention. 
 
 Resolved further, As the sense of this Convention, that the 
 secession of the several slaveholding States from the Fede- 
 ral Union was induced by the aggression of the non-slave- 
 hoiding States, in violation of the Constitution of the United 
 States. 
 
 Resolved further, That the moral and material interest, 
 and the geographical position of this State demand that it 
 
330 APPENDIX. 
 
 should act with Virginia in this crisis, co-operating with 
 that State in all honorable efforts to maintain and defend 
 the Constitutional rights of its citizens in the Union, and 
 failing in that, to associate with her in confederation with 
 our sister States of the Union. 
 
 Resolved further, That the honor of this State requires 
 that it should not permit its soil to be made a highway for 
 Federal troops, sent to make war upon our sister States of the 
 South, and it is the opinion of this Convention that an at- 
 tempt on the part of the Federal Government to coerce the 
 States which have seceded, would necessarily result in civil 
 w T ar and the destruction of the government itself." 
 
 On the 25th of Febuary, I visited for the third time, An- 
 napolis, the seat of Government, (having failed while there 
 on a former visit on the 21st, to meet the Executive) and 
 waited upon Gov. Hicks, and after a personal interview, 
 and pretty free interchange of opinion with his Excellency, 
 I handed to him the ordinance of secession, with which I 
 was intrusted, and also a written communication in which 
 I endeavored to justify and explain the action of the State 
 of Georgia ; and attempted to show that the material inter- 
 ests of Maryland would be greatly promoted and advanced 
 by her co-operation with the seceding States. To this com- 
 munication, (a copy of which is hereto attached,) I have 
 received no reply, although upon the suggestion of Gov. 
 Hicks, that he would favor me with a reply at his earliest 
 convenience, I waited for two days to receive such commu- 
 nication as he should be pleased to make to your body. 
 
 In the absence of any written reply to my note of the 
 25th ult., I can only give to your honorable body the 
 result of the personal interview I had with the Governor, 
 and I regret to say that I found him not only opposed to 
 the secession of Maryland from the Federal Union— but 
 that if she should withdraw from the Union, he advised 
 and would urge her to confederate with the middle States 
 in the formation of a Central Confederacy. He also in- 
 formed me that he had already, in his official character, 
 entered into a correspondence with the Governors of those 
 States, including New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 331 
 
 Delaware, Virginia, Missouri, and Ohio, with a view, in the 
 event of an ultimate disruption of the Federal Union, to 
 the establishment of such Central Confederacy. He 
 thought our action hasty, ill-advised, and not justified by 
 the action of which we complain, and that we were at- 
 tempting to coerce Maryland to follow our example; that 
 he had great confidence in the Peace Conference then in 
 session in Washington, and had assurances that that body 
 would agree upon a plan of adjustment that would be 
 entirely acceptable to Maryland — that the proposition 
 before the Conference known as the Guthrie plan, was a 
 fair and proper basis of compromise and settlement. He 
 also informed me in the course of our interview, and in 
 answer to a direct enquiry from me on that point, that in 
 the event of the Federal Government's attempting to 
 coerce the seceded States, that he w r ould interpose no ob- 
 jection to the marching or transporting of troops through 
 his State, and their embarkation at Baltimore by the 
 Federal Government for that purpose — that as chief magis- 
 trate of the State he had no power to prevent it, as it 
 would not be an invasion of his State — and that he would 
 not convene the Legislature under such circumstances that 
 they might take action in the premises. These opinions 
 and views of the Governor's I have reasons to believe are 
 not entertained by a majority of the people of Maryland. 
 Indeed, I have no doubt that the people there would 
 spontaneously rise en masse and resist the invaders, though 
 it encrimsoned their soil with the best blood of the State. 
 The people, then, in my humble judgment, are true to the 
 memories of the past. They are a gallant, patriotic, and 
 brave people, whose feelings and sympathies are warmly 
 enlisted in our cause ; and although some of them do 
 entertain the opinion that we have, perhaps, acted pre- 
 cipitately, they acknowledge that our action is fully 
 justified by the events of the past, and declare their deter- 
 mination to assist us if need be, in sustaining our inde- 
 pendence. It is greatly to be regretted that such a gallant 
 people should be prevented by their own officials, how- 
 ever high they may be, from giving an authoritative 
 expression of their conviction, and of taking such action, 
 as, in their judgment, the affairs of the country demand. 
 
332 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Without the consent of Gov. Hicks, neither the Legisla- 
 ture nor an authorized Convention, can be assembled, and 
 I have no hesitancy in stating that he will never convene 
 either. If Virginia shall withdraw from the Union, the 
 people of Maryland will, in the shortest possible period of 
 time, assume the responsibility, assemble in spontaneous 
 Convention, and unite their destinies with the Confederate 
 States of the South. 
 
 In conclusion, I would respectfully add, that this com- 
 munication would have been made at an earlier day, but 
 that I waited, hoping to receive an answer from Gov. Hicks, 
 before I laid before your body the result of my mission. 
 I have the honor to be, very respectfully, 
 
 Your ob't. serv't., 
 
 A. R. WRIGHT. 
 
 ■ 
 
 Annapolis, Md., February 25th, 1S61. 
 
 To his Excellency Thomas H. Hicks, Governor, §'c. 
 
 Sir : I have the honor herewith to enclose to your Excellen- 
 cy a copy of "an Ordinance to dissolve the Union between 
 the State of Georgia and other States, under a compact of 
 Government entitled 'The Constitution of the United 
 States of America,"' passed by the people of Georgia, in 
 Convention recently assembled, at the Capitol in Milledge- 
 ville ; also, a copy of an Ordinance passed by the same 
 body for the appointment of Commissioners to each of the 
 non-seceded slaveholding States ; together with my ap- 
 pointment as the Commissioner of Georgia to the State of 
 Maryland. 
 
 The Ordinance creating the office I have the honor to 
 hold, makes it a part of my duty to urge upon the State 
 of Maryland the policy of withdrawal, or secession, from 
 the power known as the United States, and co-operation 
 with the State of Georgia, and other independent Southern 
 States, in the formation of a new Confederation and Union, 
 for the mutual defence, protection and welfare of the 
 Southern States, and for the promotion of the happiness of 
 their citizens. 
 
 The people of Georgia have labored for years past, with 
 anxious solicitude, for the preservation of the Federal 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 333 
 
 Union, and have made many sacrifices, both of rights and 
 of honor, to avoid the dire necessity of resistance to Fed- 
 eral encroachments, and Northern insults and injuries. 
 This pacific and yielding policy of her people, has been 
 received at the North as merely increasing evidence of our 
 weakness and utter dependence upon the Federal Union for 
 protection and happiness. 
 
 It cannot be denied that for more than thirty years, the 
 Northern people have been waging a violent, inflamatory 
 and wholy unjustifiable war upon the institution of 
 domestic slavery as it exists in the Southern States — an 
 institution which underlies our whole social system, and 
 upon the perpetuity of which, depends in a large degree, 
 the wealth, prosperity, and general welfare of the entire 
 South. 
 
 First commencing their attacks upon slavery in the 
 States, they continued their assaults, until the united 
 South, assisted by a large and respectable portion of the 
 people of the non-slaveholding States, with common intent, 
 met at the ballot boxes of the country, and overwhelmed 
 them with defeat and shame. The old "Abolitionist" 
 party proper, never commanded the respect, nor received 
 the support of any considerable number of the Northern 
 people; and hence their attacks, although highly insulting 
 and highly aggravating in their character, and clearly 
 violative of their constitutional obligations, were harm- 
 less, except so far as they tended to inflame the passions, 
 arouse the jealousies, and excite the hatred of the South- 
 ern mind. 
 
 The people of Georgia, while they have ever abhorred 
 the canting philanthropy and the religious intolerance, 
 and treasonable machinations of the "abolitionists," have 
 heretofore cherished a kindly and fraternal regard, and on 
 all suitable occasions, have manifested a warm and cordial 
 appreciation of the intelligence, virtue and patriotism of 
 the great body of the Northern people, who have in the 
 past so nobly breasted the popular clamour and blind 
 fanaticism of their own section, in defence of the Consti- 
 tutional rights of the South. 
 
 The increase of our public domain acquired by our 
 contest with Mexico — a contest in which, without dispar- 
 
334 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 agement to any, it may be said that the South contributed 
 as much of men and of means, and shared as much of the 
 common glory won upon those ensanguined battle fields, 
 as any other portion of the Confederacy— gave birth to a 
 new organization, which sprung from the dead body of 
 abolitionism, having for its avowed object the preservation 
 of this acquisition from what they were pleased to term 
 the "blasting effects of involuntary servitude." 
 
 Disappointed office hunters, ambitious politicians, and 
 corrupt demagogues, found here a common ground from 
 which to make their assaults upon the Constitution and 
 the Union, and by which, they were borne into importance 
 and power. The result of the recent Presidential election 
 has shewn but too well the sagacity of their movement, 
 and the success of their organization, had we not been 
 already convinced of their power — and their power for 
 harm — by their absolute control of the State Governments 
 of the entire anti-slavery portion of the Confederacy. — 
 Contemporaneous with the success of this corrupt and 
 treasonable organization, has been the melting away of the 
 old conservative element there, until it has ceased to be 
 able to make itself potent for the preservation of our Con- 
 stitutional rights. 
 
 It is hardly necessary that I should attempt to enumerate 
 the several acts of this new organization, for "they are 
 read and known of all men," which have impelled the 
 people of Georgia to the extreme measure of a total dis- 
 olution of the bonds by which they were joined and 
 confederated with the States of the North in a common 
 government. They have passed laws insulting and op- 
 pressive to us, and in open violation of the express letter 
 of the Constitution ; they have sought by acts of the 
 Federal Congress to deprive us of all right to participa- 
 tion in the settlement of our common Territories; they 
 have set on foot and organized emigrant aid societies, for 
 the purpose of sending foreign and pauper immigrants 
 into the Territories of the Union, to crush out and prevent 
 immigration to those Territories from the Southern States; 
 they have enticed from service our slaves, and refused, 
 though the demand was made upon a clear and indis- 
 putable provision of the Constitution, to deliver them up 
 
APPENDIX, 
 
 2S5 
 
 to the lawful posession of their owners; they have with 
 force and violet ee rescued our slaves from the possession 
 of their masters who have been, with their families, tem- 
 porarily sojourning in the Northern States; they have 
 unlawfully torn from Southerners, who have been forced by 
 stress of weather to touch at their ports, their en- 
 tire property in domestic slaves, and their Courts of 
 Justice, (so called) have sustained them in the robbery; 
 they have attempted by inflamatory and incendiary appeals 
 made through the public presses, to incite our slaves to 
 rebellion and insurrection : they have refused to render up 
 for trial fugitives from justice, flying from crimes commit- 
 ted at the South, whenever the crimes with which they 
 were charged were committed in relation to slavery, al- 
 though the Federal Constitution declares it their duty so to 
 deliver thern up; they have invaded the soil of a sister 
 Southern State with an armed force, for the purpose of 
 exciting insurrection, and have murdered in cold blood her 
 quiet citizens : they have refused to deliver up for trial in- 
 dividuals charged with being accessory, before the fact, to 
 such invasion, insurrection and murder; they have, in 
 their State Legislatures, passed laws making it felony, and 
 punishable with imprisonment for terms extending from 
 two to hfteen years, for a master to assert upon their soil 
 his rights to a fugitive slave; and finally, they have by a 
 combination of all the elements of antagonism to Southern 
 institutions, in the non-slavehoiding States, succeeded 
 recently in the election of Abraham Lincoln to the Presi- 
 dency of the Lmited States, upon a platform of principles 
 alike sectional in their character, and dangerous to the 
 peace, welfare, and domestic tranquility of the slavehold- 
 ing States. 
 
 With these startling facts before our eyes, what reason- 
 able hope can be entertained that the Northern mind will 
 undergo a change — will yield its prejudices? Can it be 
 expected that a party which has been so long strusffrling 
 for power upon an issue so inwoven with their religious 
 fanaticism, will, in the full flush of their first and most 
 decided victory, renounce the principles, and deny the faith 
 which has alone secured them place and power"? They 
 know but too well that utter ruin and disgrace at home, 
 
336 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 would follow close upon any adjustment or compromise 
 which they might make, that would be satisfactory to the 
 South. The long-gathering and destructive political storm 
 which has recently swept the North from Maine to Min- 
 nesota, is but an earnest of the deep hatred and determined 
 hostility of their people to our institutions. And now 
 that the first shock of the tornado has been received, and 
 its fury spent upon our heads, is there yet discernable any 
 indication of returning calm and quiet? Who has been 
 able, up to this moment, to discern a single ray of hope 
 in the dark and lowering northern horizon ? What clove 
 of promise has discovered the "dry land and the olive 
 branch" in that great sea of intolerance and hatred? 
 
 The very existence of the Kepublican party is depend- 
 ing upon their firm and unwavering determination to en- 
 force by all possible means the policy of crushing out Af- 
 rican slavery in all its conditions and in all its strongholds. 
 The irrepressible conflict with them is but just begun. Their 
 mission is to annihilate slavery from the American conti- 
 nent, and to know no diminution of their labour until that 
 object is accomplished. Do the Northern people intend to 
 retrace their steps ? Then why, as State after State has 
 fallen from the Union, as star after star has been blotted 
 from their flag, have they not long ere this, given us an 
 earnest of their desire for conciliation and compromise ? 
 
 With a commanding majority in both branches of the 
 National Legislature the Northern States have failed, and 
 refused, to take any action which would lead to the least 
 surrender of their treasonable designs, or afford the slight- 
 est encouragement to the Southern mind, of their willing- 
 ness to perform, in good faith, their constitutional obliga- 
 tions. Weeks and months have been passed in the Federal 
 Capital by the Representatives of the Nation, and not a 
 single indication of returning wisdom has been given to 
 our people. And while the whole powers of the Federal 
 Government have been taxed to their utmost limits, in ef- 
 forts to intimidate and coerce the Southern people, the sub- 
 ject of their grievances has been kept buried in the com- 
 mittee rooms of both houses of Congress, while day after 
 day have our Representatives urged, nay implored, immedi- 
 ate and pacific action. The Executive at Washington, as the 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 337 
 
 storm gathered close and thick around him. has discarded 
 his long-tried and faithful advisers, and has called to the 
 supreme control of affairs both civil and military, a dis- 
 appointed, ambitious military chieftain, whose only merit 
 for such a trust is his partiality for soup and slaughter and 
 his lint red of Southerners and slavery. 
 
 And even now when seven sovereign States have with- 
 drawn from all connexion with the Federal Government — 
 when the entire South is alarmed and irritated by the suc- 
 cess of the Republicans, they attempt to allay their fears 
 and quiet their apprehensions by a display of Military 
 force at and around Washington, and the adjoining States 
 of Maryland and Virginia, wholly incompatible with the 
 safety of those States, and utterly destructive to their 
 liberties. These are the overtures of peace extended to us 
 now by the Northern Federal Government. Scott and scor- 
 pions, cannon and cartridge. 
 
 But could the South in safety again rely upon the pledges 
 of the North, were they in the possibility of events to be 
 offered anew to us V What paper writing more solemn — 
 what instrument so sacred — what compact so clear — what 
 compromise so just as the Constitution of the United 
 States? yet they have violated its spirit, broken its letter,, 
 and destroyed its vitality. By what bonds can such a 
 people be held V They ignore the Bible, violate oaths — 
 nullify the laws, and Pharisaically call upon Jehovah to 
 guide and support them in their infamous course. 
 
 These are a few only of a long series of acts of hostility 
 to the institutions of her people that have forced the State 
 of Georgia to dissolve forever her connexion with the 
 Federal Government, and to declare herself what of right 
 she is, and ought to he, a free, sovereign and independent State. 
 
 Georgia feels that she has not alone suffered wrong and 
 injustice from the Northern States. Neither is it her indi- 
 vidual wrong only, which has caused her recent action. 
 She feels intensely the wrongs done and injuries inflicted 
 upon her sister Southern States; and while it is true that 
 her people have perhaps suffered less in some respects, than 
 the people of Maryland and the entire border Southern 
 States, she no less makes their wrongs her wrongs, and 
 their cause her cause, and is prepared to take common 
 22 
 
•338 APPENDIX. 
 
 action with her sister States, for the preservation of their 
 common liberties, and the defence of their common rights 
 at all hazards, and to the last extremity. 
 
 The right of Georgia to secede from the Federal Union 
 for existing causes she does not admit to be a debatable 
 question. As a sovereign State she threw off her allegiance 
 to Great Britain in 177G. As a sovereign independent 
 State in J7SS, she ratified and adopted the Federal ConstL 
 Jtution ; and as a sovereign State she has now repealed and 
 -annulled her former adoption and ratification of that Con- 
 stitution, and has set up for herself an independence and 
 equality among the nations of the earth, which she expects 
 and demands shall be clearly and explicitly recognized and 
 admitted. Still, recalling the blessings enjoyed, the wealth 
 power and happiness conferred upon her people, in the 
 earlier days of the Republic under the operation of the 
 Federal Union, and the Constitution as expounded and en- 
 forced by the patriot fathers of those days, she is anxious 
 to associate herself with the slaveholding States, in a new 
 confederated Republic upon the basis of the old Union, and 
 has elected delegates to represent her people in a Southern 
 ^Convention now assembled at the city of Montgomery in 
 the State of Alabama, for the purpose of organizing a pro- 
 visional government for the seceding States, and the adop- 
 tion of a constitution, and the establishment of a more 
 perfect union among her several sister Southern States. 
 
 In this great work of re-organization she cordially in- 
 vites the co-operation and assistance of the State of Mary- 
 land. She is not unmindful of the past history of your 
 noble State, neither has she forgotten the proud name 
 that cluster in undying glory upon the broad pages of your 
 State's history. The people of Georgia feel a just and 
 proper pride in the fame, the virtue, the intelligence and 
 patriotism of your statesmen ; while the courage and 
 bravery of your sons in the field have made their names 
 as familiar to her people as " household words," The past 
 of Maryland gives strong encouragement to Georgia to 
 hope, that in the present trying exigency in which she, with 
 her Southern sisters, from no fault of their own, find them- 
 selves placed, your gallant State will, though slowly it 
 may be, yet surely be found side by side with the firmest 
 
APPENDIX. 339 
 
 in determined resistance to Black Republican rule. Mary- 
 land owes this to herself no less than to the other 
 Southern States. The wealth, population and commercial 
 importance of her great Metropolis, Baltimore, point out 
 that city as the great commercial and financial centre of 
 the Southern Republic. Under the oppression and unequal 
 administration of the present Federal Government, she has 
 maintained the third rank in the list of American cities. 
 That she has natural and artificial advantages equal, if not 
 superior to New York and Philadelphia, is plain to the 
 commonest observer. Under a friendly, or even a fair 
 system of government, she would soon take rank among 
 the first cities of the world. As long as Maryland con- 
 tinues a dependency upon the Northern Federal Govern- 
 ment, restrictions, limitations and discriminations, will 
 continue to be made against her commercial interests, and 
 prosperity. Baltimore, from her natural advantages, no 
 less than from her varied and extended commercial relations 
 with the civilized world, will become the great importing 
 agent for the entire South ; whilst her facilities for, and 
 her great proficiency in the art of ship-building will make 
 her the carrier of our immense productions of rice, grain, 
 cotton and sugar. 
 
 I cannot attempt in this place to point out fully all the 
 material advantages to be gained by your State, by a 
 cordial co-operation with the seceding States; nor do I 
 think it proper or becoming in me, as the representative of 
 Georgia, to urge your action upon such sordid and selfish 
 considerations. 
 
 Georgia knows and feels the great embarrassments which 
 surround the State of Maryland, and which renders her 
 position a critical, and it may be a dangerous one. Still 
 she feels that the descendants of Chase, of Carroll, and of 
 Hauson and Me Henry, can never be long deterred from 
 proper action, by a consultation with their fears. Georgia 
 is fully informed of the ample preparations made by the 
 Federal Government to enforce from Maryland, even at 
 the point of the bayonet, if need be, obedience to her will. 
 She regrets that the seeming doubtful policy of your State, 
 and her hesitation in taking a prompt and decided position 
 with her Southern sisters in demanding redress of 'her 
 
340 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 grievances, has entailed upon her people the armed occu- 
 pation by the Federal troops, of the fortresses within her 
 borders, which were designed and constructed for her safe- 
 ty and defence. We are sensible that your position nowv 
 is far worse than it w r as a few weeks past; that the Federal 
 Government anticipating your probable action in defence 
 of your liberties, has, with a view to crush in its incipi- 
 ency, any feeling of resistance to her foul domination, 
 placed cords about you that will be difficult to sever. 
 Yet the danger of your position only increases our solici- 
 tude for your future action; while Georgia would not desire,, 
 much less advise your State to inaugurate any movement 
 which should unnecessarily increase your difficulties and 
 dangers, she is nevertheless anxious that you should be 
 permitted to act entirely free from Federal influence and 
 Federal arms. 
 
 To this end she authorizes me to declare to you, and 
 through you to the people of your noble State, that to the 
 full extent of her ability she is determined to assist and 
 support you in any action which jour State may decide to 
 adopt for the preservation of your rights and liberties. 
 Your cause Georgia makes her cause, your quarrels her 
 quarrels, and your dangers her dangers. The report of 
 the first Federal gun fired upon your soil, as it falls upon 
 the ears of our hardy sons will call to your side from their 
 forest homes upon mountain top and low land, a body of 
 freemen, whose valor and prowess will make them no mean 
 match for Federal mercenaries. 
 
 The State of Georgia has taken her position after a full 
 and careful consideration of all her grievances and difficul- 
 ties, and with a full knowledge of the many embarrass- 
 ments to be encountered in her new character, yet she is 
 determined to take no step backward. Having dissolved 
 the ties which bound her to the Federal Union, she casts 
 no longing eyes towards the past. There is now no more 
 " hankering after the flesh pots of Egypt" among her 
 people. Having for years past interceded — nay, implored 
 our Northern Confederates for simple justice — never having 
 at any period of our history ever asked for special privileges 
 for our section; having plainly and fairly informed the 
 Northern States of our determination to resist, even to a 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 341 
 
 disruption of the Union, all other and farther encroach- 
 ments upon our rights, we feel that we shall be fully justi- 
 fied by the enlightened public sentiment of the civilized 
 world in the action we have taken. 
 
 We have determined to listen to no more compromises with 
 the Northern States. They have proved faithless in all 
 their pledges heretofore given, and we can have no assur- 
 ance from such a people that they would carry out any of- 
 fer or settlement, which may, through their fears be now 
 extorted from them. Georgia warns Maryland against any 
 patched up adjustment of existing difficulties. While Mary- 
 land would feel bound in honor to abide such adjustment 
 in good faith, if made, her Northern confederates would up- 
 on the first occasion which promised advantage to their cu- 
 pidity, entirely disregard and violate their compact. 
 
 Even if the slavery efuestion were now settled to the en- 
 tire satisfaction other people, Georgia would be unwilling 
 again to confederate with a people whose views of the 
 power of the Federal Government are so entirely different 
 from her own. While a member of the late confederacy, 
 she did not yield her sovereignty as a free and independent 
 State, except so far as: was granted by the express letter of 
 the Constitution. 
 
 The power of the Federal Government, she has always 
 contended was restricted, limited and confined within the 
 letter of that instrument. In the opinion of our people, the 
 framers of the constitution rested its support and power 
 upon the consent ot the people of the different confederated 
 States, and never contemplated the employment of force 
 against a sovereign State, to coerce its submission to, or 
 continuance in a confederation, deemed by its people op- 
 pressive and tyranical. Our fathers had but too recently 
 felt the necessity which forced a loyal and true people to 
 throw off a e;ovemment, which proudly claimed to be the 
 only power on the Globe, whose citizens were secured in 
 the enjoyment of constitutional liberty. With the experi- 
 ence of the then recent past, the statesmen of 17SS-9, 
 looked with far-seeing sagacity, to the possibility of a loss of 
 their liberties so dearlv won, unless the new Government 
 about to be adopted for their protection, should be so limit- 
 ed and confined in its powers, and so arranged in its details, 
 • 
 
342 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 as to receive its entire force, efficacy and power, from the 
 enlightened public sentiment of the country, the full, free, 
 and cordial assent of the governed. This has always been 
 the view entertained at the South, in regard to the powers 
 of the Federal Government. Indeed, one of the New Eng- 
 land States, one which now denies the sovereignty of the 
 several States, and is urging the government at Washington, 
 to use the power of the Army and Navy to reduce to subjec- 
 tion the seceding Southern States, on no less than two occa- 
 sions in its past history? has claimed for itself the right to 
 judge of the infractions of the Federal Constitution, and to 
 assert its right and duty to dissolve all further connexion 
 with the Federal Union. The doctrine of State Eights and 
 State Sovereignty, as ennunciated and declared in the " Vir- 
 ginia-Kenluchj" resolutions of '79, we have held to be 
 the chief safeguards of the liberties of the American people* 
 For the first time in our national history this doctrine has 
 been ignored and denied by a commanding majority of the 
 States of the Union. 
 
 Our safety requires that we should look now alone to 
 our own efforts and resources, for the protection of our lib- 
 erties and property, so emphatically denied to us by our 
 Northern associates. 
 
 Maryland, in the opinion of Georgia, cannot with safety 
 to her citizens*, continue longer in confederation with the 
 States of the North. And while we would not attempt to . 
 advise a people of such known intelligence and patriotism 
 as to their duty in this trying emergency, the fraternal re- 
 gard we have ever borne towards your State, and the deep 
 solicitude which as brethren sprang from the same ancestry, 
 with institutions so identical and interests so reciprocal, im- 
 pels us to give you our solemn warning of the dangers which 
 surround you, and which threaten in our honest judgment, 
 to destroy your domestic institutions, and impede the pros- 
 perity and wealth of your noble State. 
 
 Having with the kindest feelings and purest motives done 
 this, we are content to leave the issue with the good sense 
 and patriotism of your people. 
 
 Very Respectfully, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 A. R. WRIGHT, 
 Commissioner from Georgia. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 343 
 
 [Report of Samuel Hall, Esq., Corkmissiomr from Georgia to 
 North Carotinu.l 
 Oglethorpe, Ga., 13th March, 1861, 
 
 Dear Sir : — 
 
 Having been honored by the Convention of the people 
 of Georgia with the appointment of Commissioner to North 
 Carolina, to lay before the Convention or Legislature of 
 that State, if either should be in session, and if not, before 
 the Governor, the ordinance by which Georgia seceded 
 from the late government of the United States, and to in- 
 vite the co-operation of North Carolina, with her and other 
 States that had seceded or might secede, in the formation 
 of a Southern Confederacy, I took my departure early in 
 February last, and reached Raleigh on the eleventh of that 
 month. On that day I waited upon his Excellency, John 
 W. Ellis, the Governor of the State, and made known to 
 him my appointment and the purpose of my mission. He 
 received me with cordiality and entered into the purposes 
 of this State with a cheerfulness and spirit which convinced 
 me that the people of his State still held us in high regard 
 and cherished for us sincere respect and esteem. The Le- 
 gislature being in session, his Excellency promptly commu- 
 nicated to them my commission with the accompanying 
 ordinance of secession. In response to this communication 
 the " General Assembly," by a vote of both houses, ap- 
 pointed a joint committee to wait upon me, to tender the 
 privilege of the floor and invite me to address that honora- 
 ble body upon the subject of my mission. Every hospital- 
 ity was offered and every attention was paid to your Com- 
 missioner. Individually, I appropriated none of this to 
 myself, but received it as a mark of respect to my State. 
 
 Having accepted the invitation extended to me to address 
 the " General Assembly," I was, on Wednesday evening,, 
 the 13th February, introduced to them by the chairman of 
 their joint committee. Encouraged by the assurance given 
 me in this introduction, that the Legislature and people of 
 North Carolina admitted and " knew that the wrongs of 
 which we complained were their wrongs," "that the cause 
 for which we were battling and preparing, if need be, to 
 sacrifice our lives, was their cause," that they recognized; 
 
344 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 us as " their kindred " and " would never turn a deaf ear 
 to the voice that came up from us," I proceeded to deliver 
 an address setting forth the causes which led to our separa- 
 tion, justifying, according to the measure of my feeble abil- 
 ity, the mode and measure of redress we had adopted, and 
 vindicating the right of secession as regular, lawful and 
 constitutional ; holding that it should be therefore regarded 
 as peaceable. Assuring North Carolina of the cordiality 
 w T ith which she would be welcomed to the embrace of her 
 ancient confederate and ally, I endeavored to persuade her 
 that she would find her true interest, prosperity and honor 
 in uniting her destiny with the " Confederate States of 
 America." That the affection of the members of her Le- 
 gislature and the large audience of her sons and daughters 
 that honored me with their presence, is still warm and strong 
 for their former sisters, whose safety and honor required 
 them to resume the powers delegated to a government 
 which has failed to secure the one or regard the other, I 
 had still more flattering and encouraging proof in the indig- 
 nant and universal negative response made to the question 
 propounded, " whether they would see Federal troops 
 march from or through their State to coerce and attempt 
 to subjugate their Southern brethren." 
 
 In response to this address, I was charged by the General 
 Assembly, through their accredited organ, the Hon. Henry 
 T. Clark, Speaker of the Senate, to bear this message to 
 the people of Georgia: 
 
 " After giving this momentous question our best and 
 most anxious deliberation, we have referred it to the sover- 
 eign people in convention assembled. Their judgment and 
 decision will form the guide of our faith and the rule of our 
 conduct, and to that tribunal alone can we look for any 
 authorized response to the friendly counsels and sugges- 
 tions of our fellow suffering sister State. But without 
 reference to the amount of our sympathy or the extent of 
 our co-operation with her in her present struggle, we will 
 at least assure her that no hostile foot shall ever march 
 from or through our borders to assail her or hers." 
 
 I take the liberty of transmitting, through you, to the 
 Convention, a copy of the remarks I had the honor to sub- 
 mit on the occasion. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 3-1-5 
 
 What seated to me the greatest obstacle to the immedi- 
 ate co-operation of North Carolina with the i: Confederate 
 States,*' was the belief entertained by the larger number of 
 her citizens that the 11 Peace Conference." (so called) then 
 in session at Washington city, would grant the demands for 
 new guaranties in the Constitution made by Virginia and 
 North Carolina that their recommendation would be sanc- 
 tioned by the Congress of the United States, and adopted 
 by the requisite majority of the States remaining in the old 
 Confederacy to make it a part of the Constitution, and that 
 upon this basis an entire reconstruction of the Union 
 would be affected. 
 
 In combatting this view. I ventured the opinion that so 
 far as the action of the "Peace Conference"" and Congress 
 was concerned, this confidence would be disappointed; but 
 even if it was fully met and siistained. it would not be ac- 
 ceptable to the States that had seceded, that they had no 
 objection to the old Constitution, which, when properly 
 interpreted and fairly earned out. was adequate to secure 
 all the objects for which it was formed : that there could 
 be no more solemn or binding covenants than those con- 
 tained in that instrument, the fault was not in the law bur 
 in its execution. We could not expect the Northern peo- 
 ple to observe new compacts better them they had observed 
 the old ; that they would have to be re-educated ; their 
 morals would have to be reformed, and their very natures 
 changed before we could again stive them our confidence : 
 that so far as we were concerned the separation was ;i final 
 and irrevocable.'" and the people of North Carolina were 
 therefore reduce! to the necessity of choosing between an 
 alliance with the North or with the Confederate States of 
 America. I was tally justified in my statement as the dis- 
 position of our people to reconstruct, by the declaration 
 made by the able Commissioner sent by the Legislature of 
 North Carolina to the Southern Congress at Alontgomery, 
 who reported from ample meaus of information, contempo- 
 raneously with my arrival at Ealeigh. that the persons in 
 the Confederate States, in favor of such a measure, consti- 
 tuted an exceedingly :._<: a -re minority. 
 
 That I was right as to the action of Congress and the 
 
 Peace Conference." subsequent events have fully estab- 
 
346 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 lished. I have delayed this communication that I might 
 lay before the Convention the result of the election which 
 took place in North Carolina on the 28th ult. 
 
 The question submitted to the people by the act of the 
 legislature was whether they would call a Convention. 
 Those voting for a Convention were generally understood 
 to be in favor of separate State action as a step preparatory 
 to co-operation with their Southern sisters. The short 
 time that elapsed between the passage of the act and the 
 election precluded the possibility of any thing like a thorough 
 canvass of the State ; _in fact, it is only within the last 
 ninety days that the subject began to be agitated in public 
 meetings. The friends of separate State action were then 
 few, but now they number nearly fifty thousand. Their 
 defeat in the recent election by a popular majority of less 
 than one thousand gives us no reason to feel discouraged. 
 The election occurred on the day after the "Peace Confer- 
 ence" adjourned, and I am informed from sources entitled to 
 the highest credit, that the result was brought about by 
 dispatches sent to the central and western portions of the 
 State, announcing that the ''Conference" had agreed upon 
 a satisfactory adjustment, which would certainly be adopted 
 by Congress. If such means were resorted to, we can only 
 calculate with greater certainty upon the reaction which 
 will occur in popular sentiment ; indeed it is now said that 
 the reaction has already taken place, and that the advocates 
 of separate State action and an alliance with the South 
 have a decided majority of the suffrages of the State. A 
 delegate to that Conference, who, prior to its meeting, was 
 an ardent friend of the Union, has, since his return, stated 
 to his constituents that their propositions for amendments 
 to the Constitution, Were, five distinct times, voted down 
 by large majorities, and that in lieu thereof (as is apparent 
 to every one at all accpiainted with the scheme proposed) 
 that they were thereby prohibited from exercising the right 
 they now have of going into the territories north of 36 deg. 
 30 miu. north latitude with their slaves, while their right 
 to emigrate with that species of property to the territories 
 south of that line will depend upon the interpretation placed 
 upon the common law by judges deadly hostile to their 
 interests, insult is added to this certain exclusion by de- 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 347 
 
 manding the recognition by the Southern States remaining 
 in the old confederacy, of free blacks as citizens of the 
 Northern States which they inhabit and by extending to them 
 all the rights and privileges of citizens of the several States ; 
 this plan has rendered the fugitive slave law (already an 
 insufficient protection to the rights of the South) worse 
 than a dead letter, by guaranteeing payment to the owner 
 of the slave out of the Federal treasury, whenever such a 
 fugitive is withheld iroin the custodv of his master by the 
 action of a Northern mob or Northern State laws and tribu- 
 nals ; thus holding out a direct inducement to the aboli- 
 tionists to free the slaves of those people and to compel 
 them to use their own means, at least in part, and in great 
 part, too, to compensate themselves for their losses. This 
 scheme was voted against by North Carolina, Virginia and 
 Missouri in the conference, and the delegate above alluded 
 to has advised his constituents that their only safety is in a 
 Union with their Southern sisters. I believe, from all that 
 I can learn, that a very large majority of them are agreed 
 with him as to the character of this cwicession, and that they 
 only await an opportunity to give effect to his sound and 
 patriotic advice. Delay in this respect must result in ma- 
 terial injury to the State in the loss of its slaveholding 
 population, with the property held by it, which will seek 
 safety by emigrating to and settling in the Southern Con- 
 federate States. Under the*e circumstances I cannot doubt 
 that an opportunity will be afforded at an early day to the 
 people to vote again upon the subject, and when the vote 
 is taken, I have still less doubt of what will be the popular 
 verdict. I therefore confidently anticipate, in a very short 
 time, the co-operation desired and invited by Georgia, and 
 that we shall have the happiness of welcoming with open 
 arms and joyful hearts, our honored and loved sister to our 
 new and better Union. 
 
 I have the honor to subscribe myself 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 SAMUEL HALL. 
 
 To Hon. George W. Crawford, 
 
 President Convention, Georgia. 
 
348 APPENDIX. 
 
 REMARKS OF SAMUEL HALL, ESQ., 
 
 Commissioner from Georgia, before the General Assembly of 
 North Carolina, on February 13th, 1861. 
 
 Messrs. Speakers and Gentlemen of the General Assembly : 
 
 Although I cannot with many of my fellow citizens, 
 greet this good old commonwealth as the land of my birth, 
 yet with still greater numbers of them, I can claim her as 
 the home of my ancestors, and participate with just pride 
 in her historic fame. I may felicitate myself upon being 
 commissioned in this second crisis of our liberties, to a peo- 
 ple who were the first to take open and decisive ground 
 against unconstitutional taxation— who first proclaimed 
 the principles of American independence, and upon whose 
 soil the arms of the soldiers of liberty were first crowned 
 with victor}'. To the descendants of such men I confi- 
 dently make my appeal, and in bearing to this General 
 Assembly a message from her ancient confederate, and ally, 
 and in asking her co-operation in the important step we 
 have taken in common with several others of our sisters, 
 I need hardly assure her that Georgia has no disposition 
 either to dictate or offer unsolicited advice. 
 
 These two States have been ever united by the closest 
 ties — no rivalry in the past has sprung up between them, 
 and their amicable relations have never been disturbed. To 
 you we are indebted for no inconsiderable portion of a pop- 
 ulation which we flatter ourselves has not deteriorated by 
 being transplanted, and which we can truly say is no dis- 
 credit to the kindred and friends they left behind them. 
 Shoulder to shoulder Georgia and North Carolina marched 
 through the revolution — they joined their counsels and uni- 
 ted their wisdom in forming that compact of government 
 called the Constitution of the United States, and were 
 mainly instrumental in procuring provisions in that instru- 
 ment for the increase and protection of slavery. Thus con- 
 nected and bound to you, Georgia would have deemed her- 
 self deficient in the courtesy and the respect she owes you 
 not to have given you timely information that she had dis- 
 solved her connexion with the late United States of Amer- 
 ica, and resumed the powers which she had delegated to 
 
APPENDIX. 349 
 
 that government, and to invite you to co-operate with her 
 and other States that have or may hereafter secede from the 
 Union in the formation of a Southern Confederacy. 
 
 She will welcome you back to her warm embrace, and 
 on account of the brief separation, feel only the more near 
 when you return. She assures you that among her citi- 
 zens 
 
 '* There are eyes will mark your coming, 
 And look brighter when you come." 
 
 She knows she can suffer no peril that does not equally 
 assail you— that your interest is her interest — your honor 
 is her honor — your cause is her cause, and that the same 
 destiny, be it "gloomy or bright," awaits us both. She 
 therefore asks to lay before you, through her humble Rep- 
 resentative, the causes which have impelled her to this sep- 
 aration, believing that they carry with them the force and 
 dignity of truth, she indulges the hope that they will strike 
 the great popular heart and mind of your State as they 
 struck hers, and will result in harmonious and united ac- 
 tion upon the part of her Southern sisters. In dissolving 
 our connection with the late government of the United 
 States we claim not to have overthrown the work of our 
 fathers, but that our northern confederates seized with un- 
 til ial hands the pillars of the Constitution and overthrew 
 the temple of our liberties. No act of bad faith has stain- 
 ed our escutcheon. We have kept the covenants of our 
 fathers, and with the blessing of a kind and favoring Provi- 
 dence, we will, out of the same materials, reconstruct the 
 noble old edifice. The government had scarcely been put 
 into operation before our peculiar property was sought to 
 be assailed in the Legislature of our Geneial Government 
 by a class of persons, who, however meek and gentle they 
 may have been, and however blameless their lives in other 
 respects, certainly contributed nothing to the establish- 
 ment of the republic. This appeal was made to men fresh 
 from the battle fields of the revolution, and well apprised 
 of the scope and meaning of the Compromises contained 
 in the Constitution and bond of our Union, and hence as 
 might have been anticipated, was unsuccessful. 
 
350 APPENDIX. 
 
 It was necessary to the increase of our strength and the 
 consolidation of our power as a people, that we should ac- 
 quire from France the vast territory extending from the 
 mouth to the sources of the " Father of Waters," and in 
 1803 the Louisiana territory became by treaty a portion of 
 our rich domain. In every foot of this territory the right 
 to hold slaves existed, and this right was distinctly recogniz- 
 ed and its protection guaranteed by an article of that trea- 
 ty. That there was opposition to this measure, it would be j 
 idle to deny, and opposition, too, on account of the protec- 
 tion afforded to slavery ; — but this opposition was confined 
 to the people of New England, who seemed to be unmind- 
 ful of the rich benefactions conferred upon all the States, 
 by Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia, in th e donations 
 of their vast public territory to the General Government. 
 Again, in 1812 the commerce of the Eastern States was 
 attacked, by a foreign power, and almost driven from the 'j 
 ocean. We of the South had little pecuniary interest in the 
 contest, but it involved our honor, and against their protest 
 we went to war with the mistress of the seas, and the laurel 
 crowned fields of New Orleans stand to-day, as it will 
 through all time, the vindication of the one, and the protec- 
 tion of the other. Nor did our liberality stop here. Not [j 
 content with giving them a monopoly of ship-building and |j 
 the coasting trade, we stimulated and encouraged their in- 
 dustry by bounties upon their pursuits. The war which 
 terminated so gloriously, had crippled, and to some extent, 
 exhausted their resources and embarrassed their manufac- 
 turing interests ; again we taxed ourselves for their benefit, 
 and sought by another generous sacrifice to augment their 
 prosperity. 
 
 In 1820, a State formed out of the Louisiana Territory, 
 in which our rights as slaveholders were recognized and 
 protected by the supreme law of the land, presented a Con- 
 stitution Republican in form and asked for admission into 
 the Union upon terms of eqality with the other States. , 
 How were her advances met by our Northern confederates, 
 by these people upon whom we had so generously lavished 
 benefits and bounties? Was her advent greeted with sister- 
 ly affection and a grateful sense of the favors which the 
 South had bestowed ? No ; she was scowled upon and her 
 
1 * 
 
 APPENDIX. 351 
 
 approaches repelled I We were told that her Constitution 
 recognized slavery, and that she could not be admitted ex- 
 cept upon conditions degrading to the equality of her 
 Son then! sisters. Borae down by superior numbers, the 
 South was compelled to succumb, and Missouri was reject- 
 ed, except upon the hard and unconstitutional restriction, 
 that slavery or involuntary servitude, except for crime, 
 should be prohibited in all that territory north of a certain 
 geographical line — a restriction which alarmed the fears 
 and filled with apprehension, " like a tire bell in the night,' 1 
 the wisest and most sagacious patriots of the land. But our 
 degradation was not complete, the cup of our humiliation 
 had to be drained to the dregs. So opposed were these men 
 to a recognition in any form or to any extent of our rights, 
 that before the ink which recorded the so-called eonrrjro- 
 rnise was scarcely dry, they violated, if they did not repu- 
 diate, their own proposition, and a second time kept this 
 star from our federal constellation. The pretext seized up- 
 on to effect this object was most extraordinary. The con- 
 stitution of that State contained a provision to prevent the 
 introduction of a free negro element in her borders. This 
 it was pretended was a denial of the rights of citizens of 
 some of the States, and consequently a violation of that 
 clause of the Constitution of the United States which pro- 
 vides that the " citizens of each State shall be entitled to 
 all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several 
 States." But as monstrous and unfounded as was this claim, 
 it would have been successful but for the indomitable cou- 
 rage, matchless eloquence and consummate statesmanship of 
 Henry Clay, who resorted to the device of transferring this 
 question from the decision of Congress, to the determination 
 of the President of the United States, and instead of coming 
 into the Union in the ordinary manner by act of Congress, 
 Missouri was admitted by Exec utive proclamation. All this 
 did not appease the insatiable appetite of our Northern foes. 
 Our power had to be limited, and our influence in the Gov- 
 ernment destroyed, to enable them fully to compass their 
 ends. The agitation was kept up by resolutions introduced 
 into Congress to sanction, and by artful attempts to draw 
 from the Supreme Court of the United States an opinion 
 approving this outrage. Our people determined to abandon 
 
352 APPENDIX. 
 
 this hopeless contest in Congress, and resort to their State 
 Governments for redress. Gov. Troup, after noticing these 
 attempts, alledged that we compromited our dignity by 
 discussing the question, and having declared the " argument 
 exhausted," adjured us " to stand by our arms.'' The Fede- 
 ral Executive and Congress^ from past experience of his de- 
 termination and spirit, knew this was no idle menace, and 
 that they had to deal with a ruler and people who would 
 not readily yield a position they had deliberately taken. 
 The check given by this stern determination was only mo- 
 mentary in the life of a nation — faith was broken with one 
 sovereign State through her treaty stipulations with the 
 Federal Government, 
 
 An attempt was made to influence the legislation of an- 
 other, and compel her submission to the most onerous im- 
 positions and burdens by federal troops. It was then dis 
 covered that the Constitution was not a compact, but form- 
 ed a consolidated government, and upon this perverted 
 view of our institutions, the liberties of this country would 
 have perished, had not the clear discrimination, the great 
 analytic powers and unsurpassed reasoning of John C. Cal- 
 houn been pressed into our service. With heroic courage 
 he breasted the storm and single and unaided, except by 
 the powers of truth, of justice and of right, constitution- 
 al freedom triumphed in his person over the combined pow- 
 ers of the Federal Government ; the artifice, education and 
 talent of the North — the touch of his blade, like the spear 
 of Ithuriel, caused the fiend to tremble, and for a time al- 
 layed the demon. The cloven foot soon again displayed it- 
 self. Excuses to justify outrages are never wanting, and 
 the inventive resources of our Northern friends, when they 
 seek to assail our rights or drain our substance, are inex- 
 haustible. They become suddenly enamored of the right 
 of petition — devoted to the liberty of the press and the free- 
 dom of speech, and in order to test whether these justly 
 prized rights were in danger, flooded Congress with a batch 
 of incendiary petitions, praying the abolition of slavery in 
 the District of Columbia, the forts, arsenals, dock yards 
 and territories, and the interdiction of the trade in slaves 
 between the States. The signers of these petitions — those 
 who were prominently put forward in this agitation — were 
 
APPENDIX. 353 
 
 without talent and destitute of influence. They were only 
 the advance guard of the main army which was lying in 
 ambush. They were treated with neglect if not with scorn. 
 But John G. Calhoun again saw the elements of their pow- 
 er, and warned his countrymen against their insidious ap- 
 proaches — he clearly predicted each step that we would 
 take in our progress to ruin : and so identical are his vati- 
 cinations with the circumstances that now surround us, that 
 one ignorant of the facts under which these oracles were 
 uttered, would suppose that he was recording the events of 
 these times. He partially succeeded in his remedies by se- 
 curing a rule which prohibited the reception and considera- 
 tion of these petitions, and the passage of an act, making 
 it penal to circulate through the mails such documents and 
 prints as the laws of any of the States forbid. But in the 
 endeavor which he made to declare the rights of the States 
 upon the subject, and to prescribe the duties of the general 
 government in relation thereto, he was not successful, and 
 failing in this, these fanatics whose ardor no defeat could 
 crush, took fresh courage — their numbers began to multiply, 
 and their influence to strengthen with their numerical in- 
 crease. Ambitious parties sought to propitiate them, and 
 availing themselves of their position, they would by their 
 votes cause the triumph of that faction which was most 
 likely to increase their power. In this mode they obtained 
 influence to remove the barrier which denied them access 
 to the halls of Congress, and once having gotten admission 
 their, there inflamatory doctrines found a way, at the pub- 
 lic expense, to the popular mind through the printed pro- 
 ceedings of that body. Upon the annexation of Texas they 
 renewed the struggle, and to soothe the Northern mind we 
 consented to apply the Missouri restriction to that territory. 
 Then came the Mexican war, and with our victory in that 
 war an immense accession of territory. Foreseeing the re- 
 sult of the struggle, while opposing the progress of our 
 brave soldiers at each advance by witholding necessarv sup- 
 plies, and praying that they might "be welcomed with 
 bloody hands to hospitable graves," they nevertheless strug- 
 gled to appropriate to their exclusive use, not only the ter- 
 ritories then held by us, but also those that might fall to 
 our share as the conquest of our arms, and the achieve- 
 
 23 
 
354 APPENDIX. 
 
 merits of our diplomacy. Hence they succeeded in exclud- 
 ing slavery from Oregon, and also endeavored to make slave- 
 ry exclusion from all the territories the condition of sup- 
 plies for carrying on the wnr. The exclusion from Oregon 
 was acquiesced in under protest, because the South believ- 
 ed from the geographical position of the country, and the 
 character of the climate, there was nothing practical in the 
 question. 
 
 This was a conciliatory but mistaken policy. It was not 
 the policy that determined the action of our fathers under 
 similar circumstances. The tax upon tea was not oppres- 
 sive — -they would have felt little inconvenience in paying it, 
 but it was tribute exacted by a government in which they 
 had no voice. And rather than submit to the' imputation 
 its payment would have implied, they flew to their arms 
 and vindicated their rights at the expense of their blood 
 and treasure. But concessions did not satisfy their cupidi- 
 ty — their appetite grew on what it fed — and they pursued 
 the same policy in reference to the remaining territory. 
 They only failed in the application of their means — to suc- 
 ceed in effecting their ends by expedients, if not so bold 
 and offensive, almost, if not quite as effective. Through 
 the agency of a horde attracted to the Pacific shores, from 
 every clime and country, of every complexion and tongue, 
 in violation of the laws of the land, they seized upon the 
 mineral treasures of California, in assembling themselves 
 in Convention at the invitation of a military officer, a ser- 
 vant of the general government, formed a Constitution by 
 which your labor was excluded from employment in the 
 richest mines of the earth ; and as a reward for their dis- 
 obedience and contempt of right, and in defiance of law, 
 presented themselves and boldly demanded admission into 
 the Union upon terms of equality with the other States; 
 and but for their avowed determination to apply a like 
 fraudulent and violent process to the remainder of the ter- 
 ritory obtained by the treaty of Goudaloupe Hidalgo, it is 
 to be greatly feared that the government would have com- 
 plied with this demand. But the South having suffered 
 from the active operations of " the underground railroads'' 
 in spiriting away her slaves, desired a more effectual reme- 
 dy for the return of these fugitives, and in a spirit of devo- 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 3o5 
 
 tion to the Union, for which she had made heavy sacrifices, 
 not only gave up her rights in California, but also consent- 
 ed to the abolition of the slave trattic in the District of 
 Columbia, and appropriated S 10.000,000 from the common 
 treasury to purchase, for Northern settlement, -±0,000 
 square miles of territory frum Texas, which by the terms 
 of the resolutions of annexation, had been solemnly de- 
 voted to our use. She got ouly in return a fugitive slave 
 law, which has never been observed and enforced as it 
 should have been, but which has been trampled under foot 
 by Northern mobs, and nullified hy Northern courts, execu- 
 tives and legislatures. Our citizens, in pursuit of their 
 rights under that law, have been murdered in cold blood, 
 or been subjected to degrading confinement and association 
 in penitentiaries with the vagabonds and felons that fill 
 those prisons. It is also said that we obtained a recogni- 
 tion of the doctrine of non-interveirtion in the territorial 
 governments then formed. This, however, in the opinion 
 of many of our ablest statesmen and constitutional lawyers, 
 is doubtful. 
 
 In this compromise, the South, for the sake of peace, and 
 in the hope of allaying agitation, asrain acquiesced. Georgia, 
 with others of her Southern sisters did so reluctantly, and 
 only upon conditions which, at the time, met the unquali- 
 fied approval and warm applause of all people, both at the 
 North and South, who now claim to be conservative. Geor- 
 gia's people, in Convention assembled, resolved that they 
 would g resist even as a last resort to the disruption of 
 every tie that bound them to the Union" any attempt to 
 impair or abolish the right of property in Slaves in the 
 District of Columbia, and other places over which the 
 federal government had exclusive jurisdiction ; the rejec- 
 tion of any State applying for admission into the Union, 
 because of the recognition of slavery in her constitution; 
 any interference with the slave trade between the States, 
 and any failure to execute faithfully the fugitive slave law; 
 and for a time we were encouraged with the belief that 
 these conditions would be observed. 
 
 The legislation of 1S-54 repudiated the Missouri restric- 
 tion as incompatible with the territorial legislation of 1S50, 
 end as being in conflict with the Constitution, and opened 
 
the territories to our admission with our property. This 
 indicated a returning sense of justice upon the part of our 
 northern confederates, and was the harbinger of better 
 times. But these hopeful signs were soon dissipated. 
 What should have allayed only increased excitement, and 
 the storm at the north broke forth with ten-fold fury. The 
 pulpit thundered its anathemas — the press teemed w T ith 
 denunciations — the lecture and school room swelled the 
 chorus of bitter invective and hate — the vengeance of God 
 was invoked by those who should have been the ministers 
 of peace upon the heads of our Congressmen — while Sena- 
 tors and Representatives had their way from Washington 
 to their homes illuminated by the flames of their burning 
 effigies — the votaries of every exploded political theory 
 and every dangerous experiment in government or society, 
 however widely they differed as to their own conflicting 
 tenents, struck hands here and entered upon a crusade 
 against our rights. Under the sanction of Northern legis- 
 latures Northern capital was concentrated, and the sweep- 
 ings of Northern cities, aided and augmented by men of 
 depraved mortals and desperate habits, were gathered to- 
 gether and marched in bands to possess themselves of 
 territory devoted to the common use and drive out our 
 Southern settlers. They laid waste the lovely plains of 
 Kansas, and the whole territory presented a scene of assas- 
 sination, murder and pillage. No life, however blameless, 
 no innocence however helpless— no age, however venera- 
 ble — no virtue, however illustrious, availed to stay this 
 tide of carnage and violence ; and when these brutal and 
 inhuman acts provoked a just vengeance, the whole coun- 
 try rang with the cry of Southern atrocity and lawlessness.. 
 An appeal was made to put down what was styled " the 
 barbarism of slavery," and " the sacred animosity" of the 
 North was thoroughly aroused. A party composed of this 
 material assembled in Convention and adopted a platform 
 which lowered slaveholders to a level with those sunk in 
 the grossest vices, and addicted to the basest immoralities, 
 and placing upon it as their standard bearer a mere politi- 
 cal adventurer, boldly entered the contest for the posses- 
 sion of the government. It was only after a most unpar- 
 alleled struggle that two of your most prominent and ex- 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 357 
 
 perienced statesmen were saved from a disastrous defeat, 
 and the government rescued for a time from the fearful 
 vortex threatening its destruction. This result did not dis- 
 courage these forces — it did not even break their ranks — 
 they returned to the charge, animated by fresh courage. 
 They were assured of a strength of which they had not 
 before been conscious. 
 
 An irrepressible conflict between tree and slave labor 
 was proclaimed — a law higher than the constitution, and 
 more sacred than the teachings of holy writ was discover- 
 ed. Predatory bands were marched into peaceful com- 
 munities to excite insurrection — apply the midnight torch — 
 rob and murder — to destroy the means of subsistence — to 
 poison the wells — to alarm our sleep — to render life a 
 burthen, by making it insecure, and when the desperadoes 
 were arrested and punished, they were elevated to the 
 honors of martyrdom ; all the restraints of religion were 
 cast aside, and the crucifixion of the Savior of mankind 
 blasphemed by impiously comparing with it the execution 
 -of a cut throat and a thief. Those conspirators who rnade 
 good their escape, found asylum and protection from 
 Northern executives, who, in violation of their oaths, re- 
 fused to surrender them on demand. 
 
 Among a people not dead to all sense of virtue and de- 
 cency, such a party could not prevail.. But their strength 
 lay in their vices; they assembled themselves in conclave: 
 proclaimed the social and political equality of the black 
 and white races; assumed superiority over you by putting 
 you and your property under the ban; brought out their 
 leader; met you face to face in battle array, and in the 
 contest were victorous — thus sanctioning and sustaining, 
 by both a popular and electoral majority of the Northern 
 vote, these enormities, with certain assurances that they 
 will be prosecuted in the future with increased aggrava- 
 tion. 
 
 Are such wrongs to be endured V Our people have an- 
 swered in the negative with one voice. They were all for 
 resistance in some form. They only differed as to the 
 mode and measure of redress, and the time of its applU 
 cation. A majority of them dispaired of repressing this 
 conflict in the Union, and were therefore prepared to 
 
358 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 "repel it" out of the Union. To the minority, the voice 
 of the State was' as .the voice of God; they yielded a 
 graceful and ready obedience to the sovereign will,.. and 
 gave their pledge (which I doubt not they will nobly and 
 promptly redeem) to defend their homes, and all a freeman 
 can hold dear with their "iTVes and fortunes." In this 
 measure we did not act hastily — our forbearance had been 
 long — our endurance great. In 1850 we solemnly warned 
 our northern confederates of the consequences of another 
 aggression upon our rights. Thiswarning they treated as 
 the idle wind which they regarded not, and by their action 
 precipitated a contingency upon the happening of which 
 our honor pledged us to resist. But even under these cir- 
 cumstances we made a last appeal to them to acknowledge 
 our rights and guarantee us the protection for which we 
 had stipulated in the bond of our Union. This was 
 spurned, and we had recourse to our reserved rights for 
 our future safety and protection. In resuming these pow- 
 ers, while we hoped to have peace, and coveted no armed 
 conflict with any of our late confederates, yet, if they so 
 will it, we are prepared to meet and repel it. The mode 
 and measure of redress adopted *by us, we respectfully 
 maintain is neither revolutionary or treasonable, but con- 
 stitutional, regular, lawful; — and should therefore be 
 peaceable. We know the law abiding disposition of your 
 people — we understand and trust, habitually cherish with 
 you a loyal submission and dignified obedience to rightful 
 authority — but only to rightful authority; for % rnen who 
 will not defend their rights and repel aggressions, will never 
 render justice to others, or make faithful citizens them- 
 selves. Knowing this, we will briefly present the ground 
 and reasons that sanction the remedy adopted. 
 
 Prior to the Revolution, the Colonies were separate and 
 independent communities, bound together by no political 
 tie; as such they commenced the Revolutionary war — 
 they declared their independence, being careful in the de- 
 claration to reserve to themselves all the rights, privileges 
 and powers that pertain to fr<£ and. independent States* 
 As free and independent communities they subscribed and 
 adopted the articles of Confederation under which all their 
 external intercourse was regulated during that period. % *At* 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 359 
 
 the close of that conflict* the Government with which we 
 had lately been at war,' by the treaty of peace recognized 
 the freedom, independence and sovereignty ».of each of 
 these States. The Congress of the Old Confederation 
 passed a resolution requesting the States to send delegates 
 to Philadelphia for the u s6le/ and express purpose of re- 
 vising the articles of confederation.' 5 
 
 They did not intend that that league should be super- 
 seded by an entirely new and different form of government, 
 and the States acted in sending their delegates with the 
 same purposes and views as is apparent from the tenor and 
 effect of their commissions. In the Convention various 
 schemes of government were proposed, prominent among 
 these was that offered by Edmund Randolph of Virginia, 
 which sought among other things to j^est Congress w T ith 
 power "to negative all laws passed hjthc several States, con- 
 travening, in the opinion of the National Legislature, the articles 
 of Union, or any treaty subsisting under the authority of the 
 Union, to call, forth the force of the Union against any member 
 of the Union failing to fulfill its duties under the articles there- 
 of" The unanimous rejection of this proposition estab- 
 lishes that the Government about to be formed was not a 
 national or consolidated government — that the Leg- 
 islatures of the States were not to be subject to the control 
 of the Federal Legislature, and that no State failing in 
 the opinion of the Congress to discharge its duty to the 
 General ^Government was'liable to coercion. 
 
 The constitution, being perfected by the convention, was 
 reported to the Federal 'Congress, to be by that body sub- 
 mitted to* the several States for their ratification. In the 
 letter of the President of the Convention, transmitting its 
 
 . labors, the Government proposed to be formed is styled 
 in one place, the "General Government of the Union," 
 and in another the "Federal Government of the 
 States." But, notwithstanding these careful and guarded 
 .designations of its character, emanating from one incapable 
 of deceptidn or falsehood, who had just successfully es- 
 tablished a claim to. tj|e veneration and respect of the 
 
 ' world and the gratitude of his countrymen, the fears of 
 many of the ablest and most patriotic in the State Conven- 
 
 : iions were aroused, lest the scheme might -destroy the 
 
360 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 sovereignty and swallow up the rights of the States. In 
 reply to an expresssion of such fears in the New r York 
 Convention, Gen. Alex. Hamilton, than whom no leader of 
 the party advocating a strong government is entitled to be 
 held in higher esteem, for his learning and ability, candor 
 and boldness, said: "It has been well observed, that to 
 coerce the States is one of the maddest projects that was 
 ever devised. A failure of compliance will never be con- 
 fined to a single State. This being the case, can you sup- 
 pose it wise to hazzard a civil war? Suppose Massachu- 
 setts, or any large State, should refuse, and Congress 
 should attempt to compel them, would they not have in- 
 fluence to procure assistance, especially from those States 
 in the same situation as themselves? What picture does 
 this idea present to our view? A complying State at w T ar 
 with a non-complying State; Congress marching the troops 
 of one State into the bosom of another; this State col- 
 lecting auxiliaries, and forming a majority against its federal 
 head. Here is a nation at war with itself. 
 
 " Can any reasonable man be well-disposed towards a 
 government that makes war and carnage the only means of 
 supporting itself — a government that can exist only by the 
 sword ? Every such war must involve the innocent with 
 the guilty. This single consideration should be sufficient, 
 to dispose every peaceable citizen against such a govern- 
 ment. But can we believe that one State will ever suffer 
 itself to be used as a means of coercion. The thing is a 
 dream, it is impossible." The constitution was ratified by 
 New York, but upon the express condition that her people 
 reserved the right of resuming the powers delegated when- 
 ever their happiness should require it. Virginia accompa- 
 nied her ratification with a similar condition ; and after all 
 the other States had ratified the constitution, Rhode Island 
 acceded to the Union and completed the galaxy, upon the 
 very terms on which the ratification of New York was ac- 
 cepted. If the government was a consolidation, these res- 
 ervations were impossible. The men who framed the con- 
 stitution and put the government into operation regarded 
 them as an indication of over-caution, because the very 
 right reserved would necessarily result from the nature of 
 the compact. They meant to enable these three States to 
 
APPENDIX. 361 
 
 retain no right or privilege which the others had not. This 
 at once would have destroyed, the equality of the States, 
 and sapped the very foundations of the government ; so that 
 we may conclude that these conditions were accepted in 
 good faith by each and all the States, and the rights reserved 
 by one enured equally to each and all. But notwithstand- 
 ing these indisputable facts in our history, a portion of the 
 party in the Convention who wished a stronger govern- 
 ment endeavored to accomplish, by indirection, what they 
 had failed to secure by the use of open means ; and soon 
 after the government went into operation, they sought to 
 enlarge its powers by a latitudinarian construction. They 
 appealed to all the departments of the government, and 
 were successful in having their interpretation adopted by 
 the legislative and judicial departments. The first appor- 
 tionment bill which treated the population of the States 
 as a consolidated mass fell under the Executive veto of 
 General Washington. The next effort at coercion was 
 made by Mr. Edmund Randolph, then Attorney General of 
 the United States, who selected Georgia as his victim, and 
 sought to dwarf her sovereignty by dragging her for judg- 
 ment to the foot stool of the federal judiciary. She scorned 
 the attempt — refused by any act of hers to recognize the 
 supremacy of a jurisdiction she had. aided, in creating. 
 None could, be superior to sovereign power. She put in no 
 appearance, and was represented by no council — judgment 
 was awarded against her, but no attempt was made to en- 
 force it. One on that bench, like Abdriel, " stood faithful 
 among the faithless," and rising in proud supremacy of in- 
 tellect, in deep learning and comprehensive statesmanship 
 above his compeers, James Iredell, of North Carolina, in a 
 dissenting opinion which will live as long as the principles 
 of rational freedom have admirers, rescued our liberties 
 from their imminent peril. He alarmed the fears of the 
 people, and they made haste to provide new safeguards. 
 Thanks to him, an amendment to the constitution was adop- 
 ted, which, properly understood and faithfully carried out, 
 would have forever afterwards effectually protected the States 
 from similar assaults upon their power and dignity. In no 
 subsequent attempt which has been made has the General 
 Government ever succeeded in executing process against a 
 
362 APPENDIX. 
 
 State where resistance has been offered. The framers of 
 the constitution were wise and sagacious men, and would 
 not have omitted to provide a remedy for the enforcement 
 of a right clearly and u expressly delegated," or " necessa- 
 ry and proper" to carry it into effect. The absence of the 
 remedy is conclusive against the existence of the right; 
 and yet those States who have provided for their safety, 
 and have put their household in order, are threatened with 
 invasion ! Will you submit to have Federal troops march 
 through your State to subjugate those who are only asser- 
 ting and maintaining the sacred right of self defence? 
 [Loud cries, Never, never.] No, never, that is the word ; 
 never will I believe it until I see it — so help me God ! ! 
 This 
 
 " is no more your country ; but an impious 
 
 Crew of men, conspiring to uphold their State 
 By worse than hostile deeds— defeating the ends 
 For which your country was a name so dear 
 
 and you are asked to contribute to the degradation and ruin 
 of those who are bone of your bone and flesh of our flesh. 
 You cannot and you will not forget the " noble deeds of 
 daring high " of a common ancestry, whose blood enriches 
 and hallows every battle-field from German town to New 
 Orleans. But it has been said that we should wait ! Our 
 rights will be conceded to us in the Union — we can procure 
 further guaranties by constitutional amendment. The ex- 
 pectation is vain—time after time, an acknowledgment of 
 your rights has been refused. There is no fault to be found 
 with the old constitution — that was amply sufficient, if 
 faithfully observed, for every emergency ! No more sacred 
 or binding obligations can be devised than those therein 
 contained — but the cry is still wait? Yes, wait until the 
 torch which is applied to your dwelling shall wrap it in 
 flames ! Wait until the assassin has discharged the fatal 
 contents of the deadly blunderbuss now leveled at your 
 breast — wait until life is extinct and resistance vain ! While 
 I appreciate the motives and admire the talents of those 
 now engaged in a patriotic endeavor to reconstruct the old 
 Government, I must be pardoned for expressing the belief 
 that their " Conference" will end in nothing — the people 
 with whom they have to deal have deceived us repeatedly. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 ♦ 
 
 363 
 
 ^ That was their fault." We thank God we are now free 
 from them, and if ever' " they deceive us again, it will be 
 our fault." Our people have no doubt they may grant all 
 that is asked by the border slave States ? But how will 
 they keep their plighted faith V We can only judge of the 
 . future by the past, and our experience warns us against 
 another connection. You would have to re-educate them, 
 to reform their morals and change their very nature before 
 we could give them our confidence. Our separation is final 
 and irrevocable. 
 
 This night you have to choose between a North en alli- 
 ance and a union with the new-born republic — the Con- 
 federate States of America. You may not come im- 
 mediately, but eventually, and I trust at no distant day you 
 will be with us. Appeals have been made to your fears — ■ 
 you have been urged to resist this natural and homogenious 
 alliance for the reason that it was the design of the Cotton 
 States to re-open the foreign slave trade. Since 1798 the 
 Constitution of Georgia has prohibited this traffic, not be- 
 cause we believed it immoral or unjust, but beeause we 
 doubted its influence upon our material interests. No con- 
 siderable portion of our people have ever favored the policy 
 of reviving it, while many of them have been opposed to 
 the federal legislation upon that subject, for the reason that 
 they regarded it as the exercise of powers not delegated, and 
 because of the stupidly cruel and severe penalties inflicted 
 upon an act not intrinsically wrong, but only rendered so 
 by politic considerations. Desiring to assure you of our en- 
 tire sincerity in relation to the matter, our Convention in- 
 structed our delegates to the Southern Congress to have 
 this prohibition inserted in the constitution for the new 
 Confederacy. This, I am happy to say, as you already 
 know, has been done. In this great movement we prefer 
 the cordial co-operation of the border slave States to the 
 doubtful profits of this commerce lor all coming time. Go 
 on, aud continue to raise the supply of labor, and we will 
 provide for our wants in your market. We could have in- 
 fluenced your action by prohibiting the introduction of your 
 slaves into our midst. We could have increased them in 
 your borders by this restrictive policy, until they would 
 have become worse than valueless to you. We were unwil- 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 ling to constrain the action of a free people, We were 
 averse to inflicting loss and injury upon those who had nev- 
 er shown us aught but kindness. We would imply no doubt 
 by our course, of the fidelity and patriotism of our brethren. 
 All your material interests must be promoted by your 
 speedy union with us in the new government. The prince- 
 ly treasures which have hitherto been lavished with a gener- 
 ous hand upon ungrateful New England, will be poured into 
 your lap. Your unappropriated water-falls will resound 
 with the hum, and be made glad with the songs of laborers. 
 The music of the shuttle and the loom will cheer the spirits 
 and augment the comfort of your increased and increasing 
 population. The idle will be employed, and the unpro- 
 ductive become a valuable and productive citizen. Diver- 
 sity of pursuits will bring increased skill and production, 
 and along with them greater splendor and power. Your 
 undeveloped mineral resources will be brought to light,and 
 your uninhabited mountain slopes filled with a hardy and 
 industrious people, will smoke with forges, and blaze with 
 furnaces. The borders of Canada will then be more remote 
 from you than at present, and there will be fewer facilities 
 for the escape of your slaves. But for the unnatural op- 
 position of those who should have been our friends, we 
 could have obtained treaties of extradition from all the 
 governments with whom we held intercourse. Upon the 
 part of any foreign government the practices of the North- 
 ern people in reference to our slave property, would have 
 been causes of war, and no foreign government has ever 
 ventured to tamper with or invade our rights. 
 
 We have only been restrained by Constitutional ob- 
 ligations from making speedy and effective reprisals upon 
 those who violated the bargain and thereby released us 
 from its obligations. Thank Heaven, we are foreigners to 
 them now, and when you place yourselves in our situation, 
 they will respect your rights. They have never been 
 known to engage in war, unless it would put money in 
 their purses, and are not going to brave its hazzards to 
 wrest from you a piece of property which they cannot use 
 to advantage, but which, under their institutions, becomes 
 a curse and a nuisance. They cannot blockade our ports 
 and cut off our trade. We have that upon which the 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 365 
 
 stability of every throne in Europe rests, and upon which 
 their own prosperity depends. Free trade as to the rest of 
 the world, and restrictions upon their intercourse would 
 soon compel them to restore and to keep the peace. We 
 then earnestly exhort you to join us in the accomplish- 
 ment ef the most glorious destiny that ever awaited a 
 people. With nothing of inconvenience but temporary 
 embarrassment, the not distant future is radiant with pros- 
 perity and renown. Glory awaits us — power and freedom 
 are within our grasp. When we go hence our children 
 will never reproach us — but far in the distant future the 
 happiness will be theirs to look around upon a land smiling 
 with plenty, and upon a people united and happy. 
 
 "Zealous, yet modest— innocent, tho' free — 
 Patient of toil — serene amidst alarms — 
 Inflexible in faith — invincible in arms." 
 
 [Report of Dr. W. C. Daniell, Commissioner from Georgia to 
 
 Kentucky. ~] 
 
 Decatur, February 25th, 1861. 
 
 The Hon. G. W. Crawford, President, Sfc, Bel Air. 
 
 Sir : The original Commission, duly issued by you 
 having been miscarried, I received a duplicate on the 7th 
 inst. In the meantime I had seen a statement that the 
 Legislature of Kentucky, to which I was accredited, 
 would adjourn on the 6th inst. When I received your 
 commission the State Rail Road, over which I must go to 
 Keutucky, was, owing to extreme damage caused by re- 
 cent heavy rains, impassable. I left home on the 13th 
 inst., and reached Frankfort, Kentucky, on the 15th 
 inst. I learned that the Legislature did not adjourn 
 until the 11th inst. No Convention having been called, in 
 the absence of the Legislature, I addressed myself to the 
 Governor of Kentucky. Having given me a frank and 
 cordial reception, he expressed much regret that I had not 
 arrived in time to make known my mission to the Legis- 
 lature, as he thought it probable that I might have pre- 
 vailed to induce the convocation of a State Convention. 
 Referring his Excellency to the recent vote in Tennessee, 
 
366 APPENDIX. 
 
 through which I had just passed, I suggested that per- 
 haps much had been gained to the cause of the South by 
 the necessary postponement of that question in his State 
 until the meeting of the Legislature, as by that time per- 
 haps those who had been sent to Washington by the border 
 slave States would probably learn that the elements of 
 security, if not of peace, were to be found within and not 
 without their own borders. The more recent action of 
 Missouri and Arkansas has not tended to impair my con- 
 fidence in this suggestion. His Excellency informed me 
 that he would make known to the. Legislature, when 
 reassembled on the 20th of March next, my mission and its 
 purpose. I remained in the seat of government, Frank- 
 fort, four days, during which I was admitted to free inter- 
 communications with Gov. Magoffin, and he has placed me 
 under acknowledgements for many courtesies and civilities 
 during my sojourn at Frankfort. 
 
 I reached this on my return from Kentucky on the 
 23rd inst, 
 
 I have the honor to be, very respectfully, 
 
 your very ob't. serv't., 
 
 W. C. DANIELL. 
 
 [Report of W. J. Vascn, Commissioner from. Georgia to 
 
 Louisiana.'] 
 
 Sanannah, 15th March, 1861. 
 
 Sir: Concerning my mission as a Commissioner from 
 the State of Georgia in Convention assembled, to the State 
 of Louisiana in Convention assembled, I have the honor to 
 Report, that starting on my mission from Milledgeville the 
 morning after my election as a Commissioner, and travel- 
 ing the most speedy and practicable route to Baton Rouge, 
 the Capital of the State of Louisiana, I arrived in the city 
 of New Orleans on the 29th of January, 1861. There I 
 learned that the Convention of the State of Louisiana, which 
 assembled in Baton Rouge on the 23rd of January, after 
 a session of four days, had adopted an Ordinance to dis- 
 solve the Union between the State of Louisiana and the other 
 States united with her under a compact entitled "the Con- 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 367 
 
 stitution of the United States," and adjourned from that 
 place to reassemble on the 29th day of that month, in the 
 city of New Orleans. 
 
 On that day the Convention resumed its sessions in that 
 city; and I had an interview with a committee of that 
 body, appointed to receive Commissioners from other 
 States ; at which it w T as arranged that I should be intro- 
 duced and make known the objects of my mission to the 
 Convention on the following day. Accordingly, the com- 
 mittee, the next day, personally introduced me to the 
 Convention, and I am pleased to declare that I was re- 
 ceived with great cordiality, and with the respect and con- 
 sideration due to the State which I had the honor to 
 represent. 
 
 After an interchange of salutations, the President of 
 the Convention very respectfully invited me to address 
 that body upon the objects of my mission. 
 
 That duty I performed by exhibiting my Commission, 
 which accredited me as a Commissioner from this to that 
 Convention, and laying before that, the Ordinance of 
 Secession adopted by this Convention. I then briefly 
 stated what this Convention had done — defined the position 
 which the State of Georgia had assumed as an independent 
 sovereignty in the family of nations — invited the State of 
 Louisiana to co-operate with her, and all the seceding 
 States, to form a Southern Confederacy upon the princi- 
 ples of the Constitution of the United States, and pre- 
 sented such reasons to the consideration of the Conven- 
 tion, as appeared to me pertinent and persuasive to that 
 end. 
 
 The address was respectfully listened to — and was re- 
 ceived apparently favorably, by the Convention. 
 
 The President of the Convention, the day after my re- 
 ception handed me duly certified copies of "An Ordinance 
 to dissolve the Union between the State of Louisiana and 
 other States," &c, &c, of "An Ordinance to provide for 
 the appointment of Delegates to form a Southern Confed- 
 eracy," &c, &c, and of "a resolution in reference to the 
 navigation of the Mississippi river," with a request that I 
 should present them to this Convention as evidence of the 
 disposition and intention of the State of Louisiana to co- 
 
368 APPENDIX. 
 
 operate with Georgia and the other seceding States in the 
 formation of a Southern Confederacy. 
 
 Those documents I have the honor now to present here- 
 with to this Convention. 
 
 It is my duty, and with pleasure I discharge it, to de- 
 clare to this Convention, that I found the Convention of 
 the State of Louisiana in perfect accord in feeling and sen- 
 timent with the State of Georgia as to the objects of my 
 mission, and that I was received and treated with the kind- 
 est and most respectful consideration by the enlightened 
 and patriotic Convention of that noble and chivalrous 
 State. 
 
 In conclusion I tender to this Convention my sincere 
 thanks for the honor which it has conferred upon me, and 
 express the hope that the manner in which I have discharg- 
 ed the delicate and responsible trust confided in me will 
 meet the approbation of this Honorable Convention. 
 All of which is respectfully submitted by 
 
 Your obliged fellow-citizen, 
 
 Wm. J. VASON. 
 
 Hon. Geo. W. Crawford, 
 
 President of the Convention of Georgia. 
 
 [Report of H. P. Bell, Esq.. Commissioner from Georgia to 
 
 Tennessee.~\ 
 
 Mr. President and gentlemen of the Convention : 
 
 I herewith report to you the result of my mission to the 
 State of Tennessee. 
 
 In discharging the duties imposed upon me by the com- 
 mission, I visited Nashville, the Capital, on the 9th of Feb- 
 ruary last, having been detained a week on the way by 
 injuries to the Rail Road, and found that the Legislature, 
 which had been convened by the Executive in extra session 
 had adjourned on the fourth. 
 
 The act of the Legislature, calling the Convention, pro- 
 vided that the question of " Convention" or "No Conven- 
 tion" should be submitted to the popular vote at the ballot 
 
APPENDIX. 369 
 
 box, The result of that vote was a majority of ten thous- 
 and against having a Convention. The only means, there- 
 fore, of official communication with the people of Tennes- 
 see left me, was with the Governor, to whom I presented 
 the ordinance of secession, and the resolution inviting the 
 co-operation of Tennessee, together with the other border 
 slave States, with the seceding States in the formation of a 
 Southern Confederacy. 
 
 I was kindly received by His Excellency Gov. Harris,, 
 who deeply deplored the result of the election in Tennes- 
 see, and warmly endorsed the action of Georgia in dissolv- 
 ing her connection with the Federal government. He ex- 
 pressed the opinion, that the withdrawal of Tennessee 
 from the government of the United States, and its Union 
 with the Confederate States of America was only a ques- 
 tion of time, and in this opinion other distinguished citizens, 
 and among them Gov. Henry S. Foote, who boldly vindi- 
 cates the cause of the South, concurred. The election was 
 not regarded as indicating anything more than the desire 
 which was felt, and the hope that was cherished by the 
 Union party, that the border State Convention then in? 
 session at Washington w^ould adopt some plan of adjust- 
 ment, of the pending difficulty, not only satisfactory to 
 the border States, but to the entire South. For the opin- 
 ion was entertained by many, that the Southern States had 
 seceded with the view of reconstructing the government, 
 and the obtainment of the constitutional rights and guar- 
 antees upon which they insisted, in such reconstruction. 
 I corrected this mistake as far as circumstances enabled 
 me to do so, and announced that the separation was final 
 and irrevocable, and that whatever line of policy Tennes- 
 see might adopt in the future, this fact is to be regarded as 
 settled. I announced also, that the people of Georgia was 
 a unit in maintaining the action of this Convention in the 
 adoption of the Ordinance of secession. I assured those 
 with whom I communicated that it was a great mistake 
 to suppose that the action of Georgia was the result of a 
 reckless popular impulse, but that it was the high resolve 
 of patriots, determined to die freemen rather than live 
 slaves. These assurances, together with fact that the. 
 24 
 
370 APPENDIX. 
 
 Southern States have repudiated the re-opening of the 
 African slave trade, and indicated the policy of raising- 
 revenue by duties on imposts, and not by direct taxation 
 gave our friends great confidence in the success of the 
 movement, and had a conciliatory influence upon those 
 hostile to it. 
 
 The opinion prevailed almost universily, at the time I 
 left Nashville, that the action of Tennessee would be 
 determined by the action of the border State Convention, 
 ^nd of the Convention of Virginia. My own opinion is, 
 that Tennessee will be governed by Virginia upon this 
 subject, and that perhaps all the border slave States, will 
 be controlled by the same influence. Some, however, of 
 our more sanguine friends, entertain the opinion that the 
 next election, which will take place in August next, will 
 settle the question in Tennessee in favor of the South. 
 Upon the whole, my judgment is, that when the people of 
 .that State realizes fully the fact that they are reduced to 
 the alternative of taking the chances of subjection to the 
 domination of relentless republicanism, or the enjoyment 
 of equality and independence with a great people with 
 whom they are identified in interest, institutions and des- 
 daMy, they will not hesitate to pursue that course, dictated 
 alike by honor and patriotism, and determine to unite their 
 fortunes and destiny with those of the Confederate States. 
 
 H. P. BELL. 
 
 Savannah, March 20, 1861. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 371 
 
 Convention of the Confederate States of America. 
 
 Montgomery, Alabama, March 12th, 1861. 
 
 Hon. Geo. W. Crawford, 
 
 Savannah, G-a : 
 
 Sir :— 
 
 I herewith transmit to you a certified copy of the Con- 
 stitution of the Confederate States of America, as it was 
 finally adopted by the unanimous vote of the Convention ; 
 to be placed before the State Convention over which you 
 preside, for its approval and ratification. 
 
 It will be seen that the Convention here have conformed 
 to the general wish of the people of these States, in adopt- 
 ing a Constitution upon the general principles of the Con- 
 stitution of the United States. The departures from the 
 provisions of that instrument have been suggested by the 
 experience of the past, and are intended to guard against 
 the evils and dangers which led to the dissolution of the 
 late Union. 
 
 This Constitution is now submitted, with confidence, to 
 the State Conventions for their action. 
 
 Eespectfully, 
 
 HOWELL COBB, 
 President of the Convention C. S. A, 
 
■ 
 
ORDINANCES. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 to dissolve the union between the state of georgia 
 and other states united with her under a compact 
 of Government entitled " the Constitution of the 
 United States of America." 
 
 We, the people of the State of Georgia, in Convention assem- 
 bled, do declare and ordain, and it is hereby declared and or- 
 dained, 
 
 That the ordinance adopted by the people of the State 
 of Georgia in Convention, on the second day of January, in 
 the year of our Lord seventeen hundred and eighty-eight, 
 whereby the Constitution of the United States of America 
 was assented to, ratified and adopted ; and also all acts and 
 parts of acts ot the General Assembly of this State ratify- 
 ing and adopting amendments of the said Constitution, are 
 hereby repealed, rescinded and abrogated. 
 
 We do further declare and ordain, That the Union now sub- 
 sisting between the State of Georgia and other States, 
 under the name of the " United States of America," is 
 hereby dissolved, and that the State of Georgia is in the 
 full possession and exercise of all those rights of sover- 
 eignty which belong and appertain to a free and independent 
 State. 
 
 GEORGE W. CRAWFORD, President. 
 Attest : A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 Passed January 19, 1S61. 
 
374 
 
 ORDINANCES. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To provide for the execution of sentences passed by the 
 Courts of the United States, within the limits of the 
 State of Georgia, and for the execution of process issued 
 by the same Courts, and to preserve indictments. 
 
 The people of Georgia, through their delegates in Convention 
 assembled, do hereby declare and ordain, 
 
 That all persons now confined in the Penitentiary of this 
 State, under sentence upon conviction for crime by any 
 Court of the late United States for the District of Georgia, 
 shall continue in such imprisonment until the full execution 
 of such sentences shall have been accomplished, in the 
 same manner as if the ordinance of secession had not been 
 passed. 
 
 And it is further declared and ordained by the authority afore- 
 said, That all persons now arrested or confined in the jails 
 of this State, under process from the said Courts of the late 
 United States, shall not be released or discharged by reason 
 of said ordinance, but shall continue under the said arrest 
 or imprisonment until discharged by due process of law. 
 And all persons who shall have heretofore given bail to an- 
 swer to any warrant or other process from said 0 ourts? 
 shall not be released from the obligation of such bonds, 
 but shall be (with their sureties) bound to appear and 
 answer to such Courts of this State as may be directed by 
 this Convention. 
 
 And be it further declared and ordained, That all indictments 
 heretofore found true in the said Courts, and not hitherto 
 disposed of, shall continue in full force and virtue until 
 heard and determined by the Courts to which jurisdiction 
 thereof may be transferred. And all process or warrant 
 or other criminal proceeding issuing out of or returnable 
 to the said Courts, shall lose no virtue by reason of the said 
 act of secession, but shall be returnable to and executed in 
 the name of the Court to which jurisdiction may be given 
 by this Convention. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, President. 
 Attest : A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 
 Passed 22d January, 1861. 
 
ORDINANCES. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To declare and continue in force in this State sundry laws 
 of the late United States of America in reference to the 
 African Slave Trade. 
 
 The people of Georgia in Convention assembled do hereby de- 
 clare and ordain, 
 
 That all the laws passed by the Congress of the late 
 United States of America and in force in this State prior 
 to the 19th day of January, 1861, in reference to the Afri- 
 can Slave Trade, except the fifth section of the act of 10th 
 May, 1800, and also so much of the act of 15th May, 
 1820, as declares the offences therein specified to be piracy, 
 and in lieu of the penalty of death therein specified, there 
 shall be substituted imprisonment in the Penitentiary for a 
 term of years not less than five nor exceeding twenty, in 
 the discretion of the Court ; be and the same are hereby 
 declared to be in full force in this State : Provided, the 
 same shall not be construed to extend to the importation of 
 negro slaves from any one of the Slaveholding States of the 
 late United States of America, or from either of the inde- 
 pendent Republics of South Carolina, Alabama, Florida or 
 Mississippi : Provided further, the slaves so introduced from 
 the Slaveholding States of North America shall not have 
 been imported from beyond seas into such State, since the 
 20th day of December, 1860. 
 
 Be it farther ordained and declared, That the Governor of 
 Georgia shall discharge all the duties required by said laws 
 of the President of the United States, and the Attorney or 
 Solicitor General of the Judicial District where the case 
 arises, shall discharge all the duties required of the District 
 Attorney, and the Sheriff of the county all the duties re- 
 quired of the Marshal. 
 
 Be it further ordained, That the State of Georgia shall be 
 substituted for the United States in every portion of the 
 said laws, where the substitution is required by the present 
 independent, condition of said State. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, President. 
 
 Attest : A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 
 Passed 23d January, 1S61, 
 
AN ORDINANCE 
 To provide for the public defence. 
 
 Be it ordained by the people of the State of Georgia, in Con- 
 xion assembled, 
 
 That the Governor of this State is hereby authorized to 
 raise and equip a regular military force, and to employ the 
 same in such defensive service as the public security in this 
 or neighboring States may demand. 
 
 Such regular force shall not exceed two regiments of In- 
 fantry and Light Infantry and Artillery, in such proportion 
 as the Governor may direct. 
 
 The Governor as Commander-in-Chief, shall appoint and 
 commission the necessary officers for these forces, selecting 
 as far as practicable, officers of the United States Army, 
 who may have entered the service of this State, according 
 to their relative rank, and all such commissions may be re- 
 voked, whenever a Government shall be established by the 
 Southern States to which Georgia shall accede. The offi- 
 cers and enlisted men, raised by this ordinance, shall re- 
 ceive the same pay and emoluments, as are provided for 
 similar service by the laws of the United States. 
 
 And be it further ordained, That for the regulation of all 
 military matters, not otherwise provided for by the laws of 
 this State, the " Articles of War," and the Army regula- 
 tions, declared and established by the United States Gov- 
 ernment, as lately existing, are hereby adopted, as far as 
 applicable to the present condition of this State. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, 
 
 President of the Convention. 
 
 Attest : A. R. Lamar, Secretray. 
 Passed 25th January, 1861. 
 
ORDINANCES. 377 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To make Provisional Postal Arrangements in Georgia. 
 
 Whereas, It is desirable that there should be no disturb- 
 ance in the present postal arrangements in this and other 
 States. 
 
 Therefore be it ordained, and it is hereby ordained and declar- 
 ed by the people of Georgia-, in Convention assembled, 
 
 That the existing postal contracts and arrangements shall 
 be allowed to continue, and the persons charged with the 
 duties thereof, shall continue to discharge said duties until 
 a postal treaty shall be [concluded, or until otherwise di- 
 rected. 
 
 Be it further ordained by the autliority aforesaid, That in 
 case the Government of the United States, or its officers or 
 agents shall fail or refuse to execute said contracts, or carry 
 on said arrangements, it shall be the duty of the Governor 
 of this State to make all contracts, appoint all officers, and 
 do all other things which may be necessary to keep up suf- 
 ficient mail facilities to meet the wants of the people of 
 Georgia, until otherwise ordered by the proper authorities. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, President. 
 Attest : A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 
 Passed 25th January, 1861. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 In relation to the inter-State Slave Trade. 
 
 Be it ordained by the peojjle of Georgia in Convention as- 
 sembled, and it is hereby ordained by the authority of the same, 
 
 That all the laws relating to the inter-State Slave Trade 
 which were in force at the time of the passage of the 
 Ordinance of Secession shall be deemed and held to be still 
 in force. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, President. 
 Attest : A. R. Lamar. Secretary. 
 Passed 24th, January, 1861. 
 
ORDINANCES. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To resume jurisdiction over those places within the limits 
 of Georgia, over which jurisdiction has been heretofore 
 ceded to the late United States of America, and to pro- 
 vide for compensation to the said United States for the 
 improvements erected thereon. 
 
 The people of Georgia in Convention assembled do hereby de- 
 clare and ordain, 
 
 That the cessions heretofore made by the General As- 
 sembly of this State, granting jurisdiction to the late 
 United States of America, over specified portions of the 
 Territory within the present limits of the State of Geor- 
 gia, be, and the same are hereby revoked and withdrawn, 
 and the full jurisdiction and sovereignty over the same are 
 hereby resumed by said State. 
 
 Be it further ordained, That the buildings, machinery, 
 fortifications, or other improvements erected on the land so 
 heretofore ceded to the said United States, or other proper- 
 ty found therein belonging the United States, shall be held 
 by this State, subject to be accounted for in any future ad- 
 justment of the claims between this State and the said 
 United States. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, President. 
 Attest: A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 Passed 25th, January, 1861. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 In relation to Oaths heretofore required of Public Officers 
 and Attorneys at Lav/. 
 
 The peojile of Georgia, in Convention assembled, declare and 
 ordain. 
 
 That the oath heretofore required to be administered to 
 Public Officers and Attorneys and Solicitors at Law, to 
 support the Constitution of the United States, shall be 
 hereafter discontinued. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, President. 
 
 Attest: A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 
 Passed 25th January, 1861. 
 
ORDINANCES. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 Concerning Officers of the Army and Navy. 
 
 Whereas, Certain officers of the army and navy of the 
 United States, citizens of the State of Georgia, impelled 
 by patriotic motives, have already resigned their appoint- 
 ments and tendered their services to the State; and 
 whereas, others may desire to make the same tender. 
 
 Be it Ordained, by the People of Georgia, in Convention 
 assembled, 
 
 That all such officers who have resigned for the purpo- 
 ses aforesaid, or have made such offer, and all those on the 
 active list who may resign and make such tender of ser- 
 vice within such time as circumstances may admit, shall be 
 received into the service of the State, and shall be ap- 
 pointed and commissioned by the Governor to the same 
 relative rank in the army and navy of Georgia, which they 
 held under the Government of the United States, and 
 shall receive the same pay from their entrance into service 
 as they were entitled to at the time of their resignations. 
 
 Provided, That the Governor of this State shall employ 
 such officers in the service to which they may be respec- 
 tively attached, in such manner as, in his judgment, the 
 public exigencies may require. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, 
 
 President of the Convention. 
 Attest: A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 Passed January 25th, 1861. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 Concerning Citizenship. 
 
 We, the People of the State of Georgia, in Convention 
 assembled, do declare and Ordain, and it is hereby de- 
 clared and Ordained, 
 
 1st, Every person who, at the date of the Ordinance 
 of the Secession, was residing in this State, and was then 
 
ORDINANCES. 
 
 by birth, residence, or naturalization, a citizen of this 
 State, shall continue a citizen of this State, unless a 
 foreign residence shall be established by such person, 
 with the intention of expatriation. 
 
 2nd, So also shall continue every free white person who, 
 after the date aforesaid, may be bom within the Territory 
 of this State, or may be born outside of that Territory, of 
 a father who then was a citizen of this State. 
 
 3rd, So also every person a citizen of any one 
 of the States lately confederated under the name of the 
 United States of America, who, within twelve months 
 after the date of the Ordinance of Secession, shall come 
 to reside in this State, with the intention of remaining, 
 upon such person's taking the oath of allegiance to this 
 State, below provided, 
 
 4th, So also every free white person who shall be en- 
 gaged in the actual service, Military or Naval, of the 
 State, and shall take an oath of his intention to continue 
 in such service for at least three months, unless sooner 
 discharged honorably, and also the oath of allegiance below 
 prescribed. In this case, the oaths shall be administered 
 by some Commissioned officer of the service in which the 
 applicant for citizenship may be engaged, superior in rank 
 to the applicant, and thereupon certificate of the citizen- 
 ship of the applicant shall be signed by the officer and 
 delivered to the applicant. 
 
 5th, So also, every person not a citizen of any of the 
 States above mentioned, at the date aforesaid, who may 
 come to reside in this State, with the intention of remain- 
 ing, and may be naturalized according to the naturalization 
 laws of this State ; until they may be altered or repealed, 
 the naturalization laws of the United States accommodated 
 to the special condition of the State, are hereby made the 
 laws of this State ; except that instead of the oaths re- 
 quired by those laws in the final Act, the oath of alle- 
 giance to this State, and of adjuration below provided, shall 
 be taken. 
 
 6th, In all cases, the citizenship of a man shall extend 
 to his wife present or future, whenever she shall have a 
 residence in this State, and shall extend also to each of his 
 
 380 
 
ORDINANCES. 
 
 children, that under the age of eighteen years, may have a 
 residence in the State; Provided, That in no case, shall 
 citizenship extend to any person, who is not a free white 
 person. 
 
 7th, That the oath of allegiance to this State shall be 
 in the following form, to-wit: "I do swear, (or affirm,) 
 that I will be faithful, and true allegiance bear to the State 
 of Georgia, so long as I may continue a citizen thereof." 
 
 Sth, The oath of abjuration shall be in the following 
 form, to-wit: 
 
 "I do swear, (or affirm.) that I do renounce and forever 
 abjure all allegiance and fidelity to every Prince, Po ten- 
 ate, State or Sovereignty whatsoever, except the State of 
 Georgia." 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, President. 
 Attest: A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 Passed 26th January, 1S61. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To adopt and continue in force the laws of the late 
 United States, in the State of Georgia, except as therein 
 excepted. 
 
 The People of Georgia, in Convention assembled, do de- 
 clare and Ordain, as follows: 
 
 Section 1. That such and so much of the laws of the 
 late United States, as are not inconsistent with the Ordi- 
 nance of Secession, and the other Ordinances of this Con- 
 vention, and as are applicable and adapted to our present 
 condition and necessities, be, and the same are hereby 
 adopted and continued in force in this State ; saving and 
 excepting, however, the laws on the subjects following, 
 to-wit : "The army, bounty-lands, cadets, census, coasting 
 trade, treason, fisheries, lands, the navy, pensions, printing, 
 public money, timber, treasury department, and the war 
 department. 
 
 Section 2. That in all cases in which remedies are pro- 
 vided in civil cases, or punishments are prescribed in 
 
382 
 
 ORDINANCES. 
 
 criminal cases, both by the laws of the said Un ited States, 
 and by the existing laws of this State, then, and in all 
 such cases, the laws of this State shall take precedence to, 
 and be administered before the said laws of the United 
 States. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, President. 
 Attest: A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 Passed January 26th 1861. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To define and declare what shall be treason and misprison 
 of treason in the State of Georgia ; and also certain felo- 
 nies. 
 
 The people of Georgia in Convention assembled, do hereby de- 
 clare and ordain, That if any person or person, owing alle- 
 giance to the State of Georgia, shall levy war against said 
 State, or shall adhere to her enemies, giving them aid and 
 comfort within the said State or elsewhere ; or shall in the 
 name of the late United States of America, or any other for- 
 eign power, seize, or attempt to seize and hold possession 
 against the declared will of said State, of any Fort, Arsenal, 
 Mint, or other building within the territorial limits of said 
 State, and shall be thereof convicted on confession in open 
 court, or on the testimony of two witnesses to the same 
 overt act of the treason whereof he or they shall stand in- 
 dicted, such person or persons shall be adjudged guilty 
 of treason against the State of Georgia and shall suffer 
 death. 
 
 A person having knowledge of the commission of any of 
 the treasonable acts aforesaid, and conceals, or fails to dis- 
 close the same as soon as may be, to the Governor of said 
 State or some one of the Judges thereof, shall be guilty of 
 misprision of treason, and on conviction, shall be punished 
 by imprisonment and labor in the Penitentiary, not less 
 than five, nor longer than ten years. 
 
 Any citizen of the State of Georgia, wherever resident, 
 who shall without the permission of said State, directly or 
 indirectly commence, or carry on any verbal or written cor- 
 respondence or intercourse with any foreign Government, 
 
ORDINANCES. 
 
 or any officer or agent thereof, with any intent to influence 
 the measures or conduct of such Government adversely to 
 the existence or interests of said State in relation to any 
 disputes or controversies with said State, or to defeat the 
 measures of the Government of said State ; or if any such 
 person not duly authorized, shall counsel, advise, aid or as- 
 sist in any such correspondence, such citizen of Georgia 
 shall be guilty of a felony, and on conviction, shall be pun- 
 ished by imprisonment in the Penitentiary, not less than 
 one, nor more than three years, and by a fine not exceeding 
 five thousand dollars. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, President. 
 Attest : A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 Passed 26th January, 1S61. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To make Provisional Arrangements for the continuance of 
 Commercial facilities in Georgia. 
 
 We the people of Georgia, in Convention assembled, do declare 
 and ordain* and it is hereby declared and ordained, 
 
 First, That all citizens of the State of Georgia, who on 
 the 19th day of January 1861, were holding office, or who 
 may have resigned, and whose resignation may not have 
 been accepted, connected with the customs under the Gov- 
 ernment of the late United States, within the limits of this 
 State, be and they are hereby appointed to hold, under the 
 Government of this State, exclusive of any further connec- 
 tion whatever with the Government of the late United 
 States, the same offices they now fill, until otherwise di- 
 rected, and to receive the same pay and emoluments for 
 their services. 
 
 Second, That until this Convention or other Provisional 
 Government shall otherwise provide, the Governor shall 
 appoint to all vacancies which now exist, or may hereafter 
 occur in such offices. 
 
 Third, That, until otherwise provided, the revenue, col- 
 
ORDINANCES. 
 
 lection and navigation laws, of the late United States, so far 
 as they may be applicable, be, and they are hereby adopted 
 and made the laws of this State, saving that no duties shall 
 be collected upon imports from the States forming the late 
 United States, nor upon the tonnage of vessels owned in 
 whole or in part by the citizens of the said [States : Pro- 
 vided, if the said late United States should assume an atti- 
 tude of hostility towards the State of Georgia, then the 
 Governor by his Proclamation, shall put them upon the 
 same footing with all other foreign [nations : And saving 
 and excepting the Act of Congress, adopted the 3d day of 
 March, 1817, entitled " An Act authorizing the deposit of 
 papers of foreign vessels with the Consuls of their respec- 
 tive nations," which act is hereby declared to be of no force 
 within the limits of this State. 
 
 Fourth, That all vessels built in Georgia or elsewhere, 
 and owned to the amount of one third, by a citizen or citi- 
 zens of Georgia, or of any of the seceding States from the 
 late United States, and commanded by a citizen thereof and 
 no other, shall be registered as vessels of Georgia, under the 
 authority of the Collector and Naval Officer. 
 
 Fifth, That all the official acts of the officers aforesaid 
 in which it is usual and proper to set forth the authority 
 under which they act, or the style of documents issued by 
 them, or any of them, shall be in the name of the State of 
 Georgia. 
 
 Sixth, That all moneys hereafter collected by any of the 
 officers aforesaid, shall, after deducting the sums necessary 
 for the compensation of officers, and other expenses incident 
 thereto, be paid into the Treasury of the State of Georgia, 
 subject to the order of this Convention or the General As- 
 sembly. 
 
 Seventh, That the officers aforesaid, shall retain in their 
 hands all property of the late United States in their posses- 
 sion, custody or control, subject to the disposal of the pro- 
 per authorities, who will account for the same upon a final 
 settlement with the Government of the late United States. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, President. 
 
 Attest : A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 
 Passed 28th January, 1861. 
 
ORDINANCES. 385 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To abolish the Circuit and District Courts of the United 
 States, for the District of Georgia, and to establish other 
 Courts in lieu thereof, and to continue in force certain 
 judgments and executions. 
 
 T lie people of Georgia in Convention assembled hereby de- 
 clare and ordain, 
 
 That the Circuit and District Courts of the late United 
 States for the State of Georgia, be, and the same are here- 
 by abolished as Courts of the said United States, and the 
 .District Courts of the United States for the Northern and 
 Southern Districts of the State of Georgia, are hereby re- 
 established as Courts of the independent State of Georgia, 
 with the same jurisdiction and powers as they had under 
 the laws of the United States, except so far as the same are 
 modified by the Ordinances of this Convention. 
 
 2. The Commissions of all the Judges and officers of" 
 said Courts are hereby terminated. And the Governor of 
 this State is hereby authorized to appoint and commission 
 a Judge and other officers of said Courts, to hold their 
 commissions until the further action of this Convention, 
 the said Judge to reside in or near the city of Savannah in 
 this State, and the said Judge shall receive at the rate of 
 twenty-five hundred dollars per annum as his salary. 
 
 3. The causes, civil and criminal now pending in the 
 Circuit Court of the late United States for Georgia, are 
 hereby transferred to the District Court now here- 
 by re-established for the Southern District of Georgia^ 
 and the said District Court shall have power to hear and 
 determine the same. 
 
 4.. The causes, civil and criminal, now pending in Dis- 
 trict Courts of the ^Northern and Southern Districts of 
 Georgia, are continued without prejudice in the said Courts 
 now hereby established, and the judgments and decrees 
 heretofore rendered therein, and the executions issued 
 thereon shall lose no right, lien or validity by the operation 
 of this Ordinance, or the Ordinance of secession, but shall 
 continue in force as if the Courts remained in existence, 
 and the stay law of the General Assembly of 1S60, shall 
 apply to the judgments aud proceedings of said Courts. 
 
 5. No civil suits in favor of citizens of other States shall 
 25 
 
3S6 
 
 ORDINANCES. 
 
 be instituted in said Courts until the further order of this 
 Convention, except cases of Admiralty and Maratime Juris- 
 diction. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, President, 
 Attest : A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 Passed 29th January, 1861. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE. 
 
 In view of the present condition of the country, and the 
 alleged apprehension of Foreign Capitalists as to the 
 security of capital invested in this State, 
 Be it ordained. 
 
 That to encourage the manufacturing and mining, and 
 other permanent improvements of this State, this Conven- 
 tion does hereby declare it to be the fixed policy of Georgia 
 to protect all investments already made, or which may be 
 hereafter made by citizens of other States in mines or 
 manufactures in this State, and capital invested in any 
 other permanent improvement. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, President. 
 
 Attest : A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 
 Passed January 29, 1861. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 In addition to a previous Ordinance of this Convention on 
 the subject of Citizenship. 
 
 Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in sovereign Convention 
 assembled, 
 
 That all white persons, resident in this State at the time 
 of the secession of the State from the United States, with 
 the bona fide intention of making it the place of their per- 
 manent abode, shall be considered as citizens of this State 
 without reference to their place of birth ; Provided, That 
 any person not born in this State can except him or her- 
 self from the operation of this Ordinance by a declaration 
 in any Court of Record in the State, within three months 
 from this date, that he, or she, does not wish to be con- 
 sidered a citizen of this State. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, President. 
 
 Attest: A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 
 Passed March 16, 1861. 
 
ORDINANCES. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 387 
 
 To transfer to the provisional government of the Confede- 
 rate States of America the use and occupancy of the 
 Forts, Arsenals, Navy Yards, Custom Houses, and other 
 public sites within the limits of this State. 
 
 The people of Georgia in Convention assembled do ordain. 
 
 That the government of the Confederate States of Ame- 
 rica is hereby authorized to occupy, use, and hold posses- 
 sion of all the Forts, Navy Yards, Arsenals, Custom Houses 
 and other public sites, with their appurtenances, within 
 the limits of this State, and lately in possession of the 
 United States of America ; and to repair, rebuild and control 
 the same at its discretion until this ordinance be repealed by 
 a Convention of the people of this State. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, 
 
 President of the Convention. 
 Attest : A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 Passed March 20, 1861. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To transfer to the Government of the Confederate States 
 certain arms and munitions of war, and for other pur- 
 poses. 
 
 The people of Georgia in Convention assembled do ordain, 
 
 Section 1st. That the control of all military operations 
 in this State having reference to, or connection with, ques- 
 tions between this State, or any of the Confederate States 
 of America, and powers foreign to them, is hereby trans- 
 ferred to the government of the Confederate States of Ame- 
 rica. 
 
 Sec. 2nd. That the State of Georgia hereby transfers to 
 the government of the Confederate States of America, the 
 arms and munitions of war acquired from the United States, 
 with the Forts and Arsenals, and which are now in the 
 said Forts and Arsenals. 
 
338 , ORDINANCES. 
 
 Sec. 3rd. That the Governor of this State is hereby au- 
 thorized to transfer to the Government of the Confederate 
 States such arms, munitions of war, armed vessels or steam- 
 ers belonging to this State, as in his judgment may be ex- 
 pedient, and upon such terms as may be agreed upon, with 
 the said government of the Confederate States. 
 
 Sec. 4th. The transfer herein provided for, shall be con- 
 ducted on the part of this State by the Governor thereof, 
 the Government of the Confederate States undertaking to 
 account for all such arms and munitions of war as are here- 
 by transferred. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFOKD, 
 
 President of the Convention, 
 Attest : A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 Passed March 20, 1861. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To organize Senatorial Districts. 
 
 The people of Georgia in Convention assembled do hereby de 
 dare and ordain. 
 
 That the Senatorial Districts of this State shall be organ- 
 ized by counties as follows : 
 
 The first District shall consist of the counties of Chat- 
 ham, Bryan and Effingham. 
 
 The second of Liberty, Tatnall and Mcintosh. 
 The third of Wayne, Pierce and Appling. 
 The fourth of Glynn, Camden and Charlton. 
 The fifth of Coffee, Ware and Clinch. 
 The sixth of Echols, Lowndes and Berrien. 
 The seventh of Brooks, Thomas and Colquitt. 
 The eighth of Decatur, Mitchell and Miller. 
 The ninth of Early, Calhoun and Baker. 
 The tenth of Dougherty, Lee and Worth. 
 The eleventh of Clay, Randolph and Terrell. 
 The twelfth of Stewart, Webster and Quitman. 
 The thirteenth of Sumter, Schley and Macon. 
 The fourteenth of Dooly, Wilcox and Pulaski. 
 
ORDINANCE.-. 359 
 
 The fifteenth of Montgomery, Telfair and Irwin. 
 The sixteenth of Laurens, Johnson and Emanuel. 
 The seventeenth of Bulloch, Scriven and Burke. 
 The eighteenth of Richmond, Glasscock and Jefferson. 
 The nineteenth of Taliaferro, Warren and Greene. 
 The twentieth of Baldwin, Hancock and Washington. 
 The twenty-first of Twiggs, Wilkinson and Jones. 
 The twenty-second of Bibb, Monroe and Pike. 
 The twenty-third of Houston, Crawford and Taylor. 
 The twenty-fourth of Marion, Chattahoochee and Mus- 
 cogee. 
 
 The twenty-fifth of Harris, Upson and Talbot. 
 The twenty-sixth of Spalding. Butts and Fayette. 
 The twenty-seventh of Xewton, Walton and Clarke. 
 The twenty-eighth of Jasper, Putnam and Morgan. 
 The twenty-ninth of Wilkes, Lincoln and Columbia. 
 The thirtieth of Oglethorpe, Madison and Elbert. 
 The thirty-first of Hart, Franklin and Habersham. 
 The thirty-second of White, Lumpkin and Dawson. 
 The thirty-third of Hall, Banks and Jackson. 
 The thirty-fourth of Gwinnett, DeKalb and Henry. 
 The thirty-fifth of Clayton, Fulton and Cobb. 
 The thirty-sixth of Merriwether, Coweta and Campbell. 
 The thirty-seventh of Troup, Heard and Carroll. 
 The thirty-eighth of Haralson, Polk and Paulding. 
 The thirty-ninth of Cherokee, Milton and Forsyth. 
 The fortieth of Union, Towns and Rabun. 
 The forty-first of Fannin, Gilmer and Pickens. 
 The forty-second of Cass, Floyd and Chattooga. 
 The forty-third of Murray, Whitfield and Gordon. 
 The forty-fourth of Walker, Dade and Catoosa. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, 
 
 President of the Convention. 
 Attest : A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 Passed March 20, 1S61. 
 
ORDINANCES. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To define the number of men who shall compose a company 
 in the two regular Regiments of Infantry. 
 
 Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assem- 
 bled, 
 
 That the number of men who shall compose a company 
 of infantry in the said regular regiments of infantry author- 
 ized to be raised by an ordinance of this Convention, shall 
 be the same as is provided for the volunteer force author- 
 ized to be raised by the General Assembly of this State, 
 by an act " to provide for the public defence, and for other 
 purposes." 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, 
 
 President of the Convention, 
 Attest : A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 Passed 23d March, 1861. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To authorize the Governor to pay the officers and men of 
 the various Volunteer Companies which have been em- 
 ployed by him in the military defence of the State. 
 
 Be it Ordained by the People of Georgia, in Convention 
 assembled, 
 
 That the Governor be, and is hereby authorized and 
 required to pay the officers and men of the various Volun- 
 teer Companies which have been employed by him in the 
 military service of the State such compensation according 
 to their respective grades, as is allowed by law to the 
 officers and privates in the regular army of the United 
 States. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, 
 
 President of the Convention. 
 Attest: A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 Passed March 23rd, 1861. 
 
ORDINANCES. 
 
 391 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To alter and fix the times of electing the Governor and 
 members of the General Assembly. 
 
 Be it Ordained, by the People of Georgia, in QonveMibn 
 assembled, and it is hereby Ordained by the authority of the 
 same, 
 
 That the next election of Governor and members of the 
 General Assembly, shall be held on the first Wednesday in 
 October, 1S61, and that the Governor and members of the 
 General Assembly shall be elected biennially thereafter, 
 on the first Wednesday in October, until the same shall be 
 altered by law. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, 
 
 President of the Convention. 
 
 Attest: A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 Passed March 23rd, 1S61. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To define the extent and duration of the Ordinances passed 
 by this Convention. 
 
 The People of Georgia, in Convention assembled, Ordain, 
 
 That all Ordinances passed by this Convention shall be 
 subject to the modification or repeal by the General As- 
 sembly of this State, except the following: 
 
 1st, The Ordinance of Secession. 
 
 2nd, The Ordinance of Ratification of the Constitution 
 of the Confederate States of America. 
 
 3rd. The Ordinances in relation to the Constitution of 
 the State. 
 
 4th, All Ordinances or Resolutions referring to our re- 
 lations with the Confederate States. 
 
 5th, All Ordinances which, by their own terms, can be 
 changed only by a Convention of the People. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, 
 
 President of the Convention. 
 
 Attest : A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 Passed March 23rd, 1861. 
 
ORDINANCES, 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To organize the Congressional Districts of this State, 
 and for other purposes. 
 
 The People of Georgia, in Convention assembled, do here- 
 by declare and Ordain, 
 
 That the Congressional Districts of this State shall be 
 arranged by counties, as follows : 
 
 The first District shall be composed of the following- 
 counties: Appling, Bryan, Bulloch, Chatham, Camden, 
 Charlton, Clinch, Coffee, Effingham, Emanuel, Glynn. 
 Liberty, Mcintosh, Montgomery, Pierce, Scriven, Telfair, 
 Tattnall, Ware, and Wayne. 
 
 The second District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Baker, Berrien, Brooks, Calhoun , Clay, Colquitt, Dooly, 
 Decatur, Dougherty, Early, Echols, Irwin, Lee, Lowndes, 
 Mitchell, Miller, Randolph, Terrell, Thomas, Wilcox, and 
 Worth. 
 
 The third District shall shall be composed of the coun- 
 ties of Chattahoochee, Harris, Muscogee, Marion, Macon, 
 Quitman, Stewart, Sumter, Schley, Taylor, Talbot, and 
 Webster. 
 
 The fourth District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Baldwin, Bibb, Crawford, Jones, Jasper, Houston, Laurens, 
 Putnam, Pulaski, Twiggs, and Wilkinson. 
 
 The fifth District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Burke, Columbia, Glasscock, Hancock, Jefferson, Johnson, 
 Lincoln, Richmond, Warren, Wilkes, and Washington. 
 
 The sixth District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Clarke, Elbert, Franklin, Greene, Hart, Madison, Morgan, 
 Newton, Oglethorpe, Taliaferro, Walton, and Jackson. 
 
 The seventh District shall be composed of the counties 
 of Butts, Clayton, Fayette, Henry, Merriwether, Monroe, 
 Pike, Spalding, Troup, and Upson. 
 
 The eighth District shall be composed of the counties 
 of Campbell, Carroll, Coweta, Cobb, DeKalb, Fulton, 
 Haralson, Heard, Paulding, and Polk. 
 
ORDINANCES. 
 
 393 
 
 The ninth District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Banks, Cherokee, Dawson, Forsyth, Gwinnett, Habersham, 
 Hall, Lumpkin, Milton, Pickens, Rabun, Towns, Union, 
 and White. 
 
 The tenth District shall be composed of the counties of 
 Cass, Catoosa, Chattooga, Dade,, Fannin, Floyd, Gordon, 
 Gilmer, Murray, Walker, and Whitfield. 
 
 Be it further Ordained, That the first election for mem- 
 bers to Congress, shall be had under and by virtue of this 
 Ordinance, and thereafter said Districts to be regulated 
 by the Legislature whenever the Congress of the Confed- 
 erate States shall alter the apportionment of Representation. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, 
 
 President of the Convention. 
 Attest: A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 Passed March 23rd, 1861. 
 
 AN ORDINANCE 
 
 To adopt and ratify the Constitution of the Confederate 
 States of America. 
 
 Be it ordained by the peojile of Georgia in Convention assembled, 
 and it is hereby ordained by the authority of the same, 
 
 That the Constitution adopted by the Congress at Mont- 
 gomery, in the State of Alabama, on the eleventh day of 
 March, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred 
 and sixty-one, for the " permanent federal government " of 
 the Confederate States of America, be, and the same is 
 hereby adopted and ratified by the State of Georgia, " act- 
 ing in its sovereign and independent character." 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, President. 
 
 Attest : A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 
 Passed 16th March, 1S61. 
 
RESOLUTIONS. 
 
 Resolved, That the Governor be requested to have pub- 
 lished in such newspapers as he may think proper, all the 
 Ordinances of this Convention as they pass, that immediate 
 and general notice may be given of the same, unless other- 
 wise directed by this Convention. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, President. 
 
 Attest : A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 
 Passed January 25, 1861. 
 
 Resolved, That the Governor be authorized to purchase 
 or procure, for the defense of the seaboard of Georgia, 
 three propeller, or other steamers, of light draft, to be armed 
 and manned in such manner as their tonnage and capacity 
 may require. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, President, 
 Attest : A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 Passed January 25th, 1861. 
 
 Resolved, That the Governor be requested to contract 
 with the Cuba Telegraph company for the construction of 
 telegraph lines from the main line to Darien and Bruns- 
 wick, and such other place on the coast as may be expe- 
 dient for the use of the State. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, President. 
 
 Attest : A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 
 Passed January 25th, 1861. 
 
RESOLUTIONS. 
 
 395 
 
 Whereas, The present attitude of the State of Georgia 
 requires that she should be put immediately in a state of de- 
 fence, and that military preparation demands prompt action 
 and sound organization, both for efficiency and economy. 
 
 Be it Resolved, That the Governor be, and he is hereby 
 empowered to employ such a military staff as may be neces- 
 sary for effecting an organization, and introducing a sound 
 system of administrative accountably. 
 
 Be it further Resolved, That these appointments shall be 
 temporary, until such time as the Southern seceding States 
 shall establish a government, and provide a military estab- 
 lishment for their common defence, and that the officers so 
 appointed shall keep their offices at such points, and be 
 stationed in such manner as the Governor and Commander- 
 in-Chief may direct. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, President, 
 Attest : A. R. Lamar, Secretary, 
 Passed January 25, 1861. 
 
 Whereas, The Government of the Confederate States has 
 authorized bonds to be issued running from five to ten years, 
 and secured by an export duty of one-eighth of one per cent, 
 per pound, upon cotton, for the purpose of meeting the 
 pecuniary necessities of that Government. 
 
 And whereas, investment in such securities may be both 
 convenient and safe, for Executors, Administrators, 
 Guardians and other Trustees, and at the same time con- 
 tribute to the sum needed by the Confederate States. There- 
 fore 
 
 Resolved, That the Legislature of this State, be and it i s 
 hereby requested at its next session, to consider the pro- 
 priety of passing a law authorizing Executors, Administra- 
 tors, Guardians and other Trustees, to invest trust funds in 
 their hands, in the bonds of the Confederate States, upon 
 
SUb RESOLUTIONS. 
 
 the same terms that such trustees are now by law authoriz- 
 ed to invest in the bonds of the State of Georgia. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, 
 
 ¥ resident of the Convention. 
 Attest : A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 Passed 18th March, 1861. 
 
 The Committee on the Constitution and Laws, &c, re- 
 commend the adoption of the following resolutions : 
 
 Resolved, That in the publication of the Revised Code of 
 the Laws of this State, adopted by the Legislature at its 
 late session, the " United States" shall be stricken out and 
 the " Confederate States" substituted, wherever the same 
 may be necessary. 
 
 Resolved further, That the Constitution of the Confede- 
 rate States shall be published as a part of the Code. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, President. 
 Attest : A. R. Lamar, Secretary. 
 Adopted March 18, 1861. 
 
 Resolved by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled, 
 
 That the Governor of this State is hereby authorized to 
 tender to the Government of the Confederate States of 
 America, under the provisions of an act of Congress " to 
 raise provisional forces for the Confederate States of Ame- 
 rica, and for other purposes," the regular forces of this 
 State provided for by an ordinance of this Convention. 
 
 Resolved further, That the President of the Confederate 
 States be requested to receive into the service, under the 
 act aforesaid, all the men now enlisted with the officers 
 necessary to command them, by companies or battalions, 
 and the remainder of the force as they may be received 
 with their officers, until each of the two regiments now 
 being raised is completed, when the whole force with their 
 
EE SOLUTIONS. 
 
 officers shall form as regiments, a part of the said provis- 
 ional army for the term of the enlistment of the war. 
 
 Resolved further, That the Governor be authorized to con- 
 tinue the recruiting service by the officers now required for 
 the command of the troops proposed, until the regiments 
 are completed, provided that a longer time than four 
 months from this date be not allowed for this purpose, and 
 provided further that the Governor be authorized to disband 
 the said regiments, if not transferred to the government of 
 the Confederate States. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, President. 
 Attest : A. R. Lamae, Secretary. 
 Adopted 23d March, 1861. 
 
 Resolved, That the delegates of this State, to the Conven- 
 tion at Montgomery, be authorized to consent to the con- 
 tinuation of the Provisional Government, until the 22d day 
 of February, 1S62, with a view to the inauguration of the 
 Permanent Government on that day. 
 
 Resolved, That any vacancy which may occur in the said 
 delegation by death, resignation or otherwise, maybe filled 
 by the appoint nmt of the remaining delegates. 
 
 GEO. W. CRAWFORD, 
 
 President of the Convention. 
 
 Attest: A. R. Lamae, Secretary. 
 Passed 23d March, 1861. 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
INDEX 
 
 ADDRESS, 
 
 Setting forth the causes why Georgia dissolved 
 
 her connection with the U. S., 104 
 
 Resolution relative to the distribution of the 
 
 printed, 132 
 
 Of the President of the Convention, 302 
 
 Of Samuel Hall, Esq., Commissioner. &c, before 
 
 Legislature of N. C. (in appendix,) 34S 
 
 ADJOURNMENT, 
 
 Resolution that when Convention adjourns, it ad- 
 journ to meet in Savannah, 67, 89, IIS, 120 
 Convention adjourned subject to the call of the 
 
 President, 125 
 Resolution relative to, 206, 219 
 
 Adjournment sine die, 303 
 
 AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE, 
 
 Ordinance relative to, -53, 59, 89, 375 
 
 ARMS, 
 
 Resolutions relative to establishing an Armory, 89, 100 
 
 Resolutions relative to the unlawful seizure of, 
 
 property of Georgia, 103 
 
 Governor to furnish side arms to officers of Mili- 
 tary Companies, 151, 199 
 
 Ordinance to transfer certain arms, &c, to the 
 
 Confederate States, 219, 223, 387 
 
 Ordinance to encourage the manufacture of 
 
 cannon in this State, 233 
 
 ARMY AND NAVY, 
 
 Ordinance relative to the, of the U. S., 44, 48, 126 
 
 128, 379 
 
 Ordinance relative to two regular regiments of 
 
 infantry, 275 390 
 
 Resolution relative to a Military organization for 
 
 the defence of the State, 129 
 
 Resolution relative to turning over regular troops 
 to Confederate States, 192, 276 396 
 
400 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 ARMY AND NAVY — Continued. 
 
 Communication from Thomas M. Newell, Capt. 
 
 U. S. Navy, 220 
 
 Resolution relative to officers of the Navy on the 
 
 retired list, 222, 283 
 
 Communication from Governor relative to two 
 
 regiments of regular troops, 226 
 
 Ordinance to transfer Forts, Arsenals, Navy 
 
 Yards, &c, to the Confederate States, 387 
 
 Ordinance to transfer certain arms and munitions 
 
 of war to the Confederate States, 387 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Letter of Jas. L. Orr, Com'r from S. C. to Presdt. 
 
 of the Convention of Ga., 305 
 
 Commission of Jas. L. Orr, as Commissioner from 
 
 S. C, 306 
 
 Ordinance of Secession of S. C, 307 
 
 Letter of John Gill Shorter, Commissioner from 
 
 Ala, to President Ga. Convention, 307 
 
 Commission of John Gill Shorter as Comm'r, 308 
 
 Resolution of instruction to said Commr., 309 
 
 Ordinance of Secession of Ala., 310 
 
 Letter from the Governor of Mississippi to the 
 
 Gov.ofGa., 311 
 
 Resolution of the Convention of Mississippi, 312 
 
 Convention bill, " " 312 
 
 Resolutions of the State of Mississippi declaring 
 secession to be the proper remedy of the South- 
 ern States, 314 
 
 Ordinance of secession of Mississippi, 317 
 
 Resolution providing for the appointment of Com- 
 missioners, 318 
 
 Ordinance of Secession of Louisiana, 319 
 
 Resolution relative to the free navigation of the 
 
 Mississippi river, 320 
 
 Ordinance to provide for the appointment of dele- 
 gates to a Convention to form a Southern Con- 
 . federacy, 320 
 
 Report of D. C. Campbell, Esq., Commissioner 
 
 from Ga. to Deleware, 322 
 
 Copy of communication addressed to the Gov. of 
 
 Deleware by D. C. Campbell, Comm'r, &c, 324 
 
 Report of Gen. J. W. A. Sanford, Comm'r from 
 
 Ga. to Texas, 326 
 
 Report of A. R. Wright, Esq., Comm'r from 
 
 Ga. to Maryland, 328 
 
 Letter of A. R. Wright, Esq., to Gov. of Mary- 
 land, 332 
 
INDEX. 
 
 mi 
 
 APPENDIX. — Continued. 
 
 Report of Sam'l Hall, Esq., Comm'r from Ga. to N. C, 343 
 Address of Sam'l Hall, Esq., before Legislature ot 
 
 N. C, 348- 
 Report of Dr. W. C. Daniell, Commissioner from 
 
 Ga, to Kentucky, 365 
 Report of W. J. Vason, Esq., Comm'r from Ga. 
 
 to Louisiana, 366- 
 Report of H. P. Bell, Esq., Commissioner from 
 
 Ga. to Tennessee, 36S 
 Letter of Hon. Howell Cobb, President, &c., 371 
 Ordinances as passed by the Convention and signed 
 
 by the President, 373 
 Resolutions passed by the Convention and signed 
 
 bv the President, 394 
 APPROPRIATIONS, 
 
 Ordinance to appropriate money for the Confeder- 
 al States, 150, f99* 
 Ordinance to authorize the Governor to raise and 
 
 expend money for the defence of this State, 192 
 BANK SUSPENSIONS, 
 
 Ordinance to modify act of 1S59, relative to, 210, 25-3 
 BILL OF RIGHTS, 96, 139, 195, 27L 
 
 CITIZENSHIP, 
 
 Ordinance relative to, 51, 72, 88, 186, 196, 379,. 
 
 " in addition to previous ordinance of the 
 Convention relative to, 386, 
 CODE OF GEORGIA, 
 
 See k< Revised Code of Laws," in index. 
 COMMERCIAL FACILITIES, 
 
 An Ordinance relative to, in Ga. 83, 91 to 96, 100, 383. 
 COMMISSIONERS, 
 
 From S. C. & Ala., addressed the Convention, 14 
 To Louisiana, 54 
 To Texas, 54, 326 
 
 Resolution relative to sending, to slave-holding 
 
 States, 59, 63, 68, 77 
 
 Hon. T. W. White, Commissioner from Mississippi, 66 
 Reception of Hon. T. W. White, Commissioner 
 
 from Mississippi, 90 
 For Virginia, 90 
 ' Maryland, 90, 32S 
 
 ' Kentucky, 90, 118 
 
 4 Tennessee, 90 
 ' Missouri, 90 
 1 Arkansas, 90 
 26 
 
402 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 COMMISSIONERS — Continued. 
 
 For Delaware, 90, 322 
 
 " North Carolina, 90, 343 
 
 Resolutions relative to the pay of, sent to Slave- 
 holding States, 118, 124 
 
 Communication from Dr. W. C. Daniell, Commis- 
 sioner to Kentucky, 135, 365 
 
 Communication from Gen, J. W. A. Sanford, 
 
 Commissioner to Texas, 140, 326 
 
 Communication from Hon. A. R. Wright, Com- 
 missioner to Maryland, 205, 328 
 
 Communication from H. P. Bell, Esq., Commis- 
 sioner to Tennessee, 283, 368 
 
 Communication from L. J. Glenn, Esq., Commis- 
 sioner to Missouri, 302 
 
 Documents accompanying Commissioner from S. 
 
 C. (in appendix,) 305 
 
 Documents accompanying Commissioner from 
 
 Alabama, (in appendix,) 307 
 
 Documents accompanying Commissioner from 
 
 Mississippi, (in appendix,) 311 
 
 Documents accompanying Commissioner from 
 
 Louisiana, (in appendix,) 319 
 
 Report of D. C. Campbell, Esq., Commissioner 
 
 from Ga. to Delaware, (in appendix,) 322 
 
 Report of Gen. J. W. A. Sanford, Commissioner 
 
 from Ga. to Texas, (in appendix,) 326 
 
 Report of A. R. Wright, Esq., Commissioner from 
 
 Ga. to Maryland, (in appendix,) 328 
 
 Heport of Samuel Hall, Esq., Commissioner from 
 
 Ga. to North Carolina, (in appendix,) 343 
 
 "Report of Dr. W. C. Daniell, Commissioner from 
 
 Ga. to Kentucky, (in appendix,) 365 
 
 Report of W. J. Vason, Commissioner from Ga. 
 
 to Louisiana, (in appendix,) 366 
 
 Report of H. P. Bell, Commissioner from Ga. to 
 
 Tennessee, (in appendix,) 368. 
 COMMITTEES. 
 
 To wait on President, 7 
 " report rules for Convention, 8 
 
 Report of said committee, 10 
 
 To secure services of clergymen to open Conven- 
 tion with prayer, 8 
 
 To wait on Commissioners from S. C. and Ala., S 
 
 Report of said committee, 9 
 
 Committee of Seventeen to report ordinance of 
 
 Secession, 23 
 
 Report of said committee, 31 
 
INDEX. 
 
 403 
 
 COMMITTEES— Gmtmued. 
 
 To wait on Governor, 39 
 " prepare ordinance of Secession for signature 
 
 of Delegates, 39 
 Report of said committee, 46 5 74 
 On the Relations with the Slaveholding States of 
 
 North America, 47, 88 
 
 On Foreign Relations, 4S 
 
 " Commercial and Postal Arrangements, 48 
 
 " Military Affairs, 48 
 " the Constitution of the State and Constitution 
 
 and Laws of the United States, 49 
 " Printing, 54 
 Report of said committee, 276 
 On Enrollment, 54 
 Report of said committee relative to Maj. Wil- 
 liams, 284 
 On Accounts, 54 
 To report Ordinance to reduce General Assembly, 55 
 Report of said committee, 79, 143 
 Mr. Cochran of Wilkinson added to the Commit- 
 tee on Foreign Relations, 62 
 To examine Great Seal of the State of Ga., 63 
 u wait on Hon. T. W. White, Comm'r from Miss., 76 
 Report of said committee, 76 
 On Elections, 75 
 Report of said committee on protest from Wayne Co., 78 
 Mr. Brown of Marion placed upon the Com. on Acc'ts, 99 
 To examine into the condition of the defences of 
 
 ■Savannah, 129 
 
 Report of said committee, 230 
 Report of Committee on Military Affairs, relative 
 
 to Maj. Myers, 141 
 On resolution of thanks to R. R. Cuyler, &c, 142 
 " " relative to School Books, 143 
 To apportion Senatorial Districts, ISO 
 On Constitution of Confederate States, 183 
 On the Printing and Binding of Journal, 183 
 On Congressional Districts, 204, 21S 
 Report of said committee, 273 
 Leave of absence granted to Committee on Con- 
 stitution and Laws, 206 
 To revise and collate amendments to the Consti- 
 tution of this State, 218 
 Report of said committee, 284 
 Resolution of thanks to the Committee on the 
 
 " Constitution and Laws," &c, 284. 
 
404 INDEX. 
 
 COMMUNICATIONS. 
 
 From South Carolina and Alabama, 9 
 " the Mayor of Atlanta, 9 
 " his Excellency Gov. Brown (enclosing reso- 
 lutions, &c, from New York), 24 
 
 From Postmaster at Savannah, 51 
 44 the State of Mississippi, 66, 311 
 
 44 the Legislature of the State of Tennessee, 67 
 " Dr. T. S. Hopkins, of Wayne county, 75 
 " Hon. Thos. Y. Simons, of the S. C. Convention, 119 
 44 Gov. of New York, 135 
 44 Govs, of Maryland and Alabama, 135 
 " Dr. W. C. Daniell, Com'r to Kentucky, 135, 365 
 44 certain members to the Congress, 140 
 44 Gen. J. W. A. Sanford, Com'r to Texas, 140, 326 
 s4 Hon. Chas. C. Jones, Mayor of Savannah, 149 
 44 Col. A. R.Lawton, 149 
 44 his Excellency the Governor, 160 
 44 Hon. Howell Cobb, President of the Congress, 161 
 
 Constitution of the Confederate States, 161 
 
 From Wm. J. Vason, Esq., Commissioner to Lou- 
 isiana, 180, 366 
 
 From Samuel Hall, Esq., Commissioner to North 
 
 Carolina, 180, 343 
 
 From A. R. Wright, Esq., Commissioner to Mary- 
 land, 180, 205- 
 
 From Thos. M. Newell, Capt. U. S. Navy, 220 
 44 Gov. Brown relative to two regiments of 
 regular troops in Ga., 226 
 
 From H. P. Bell, Esq., Com'r to Tennessee, 283, 368 
 44 L. J. Glenn, Esq., 44 Missouri, 302 
 
 Letter, &c, of J as. L. Orr, Commissioner from 
 
 South Carolina, (in appendix) 305 
 
 Letter, Commission, &c, of John Gill Shorter, 
 
 Comm'rfrom Ala., (in appendix) 307 
 
 Letter from the Gov, of Mississippi, and other doc- 
 uments from that State, (in appendix) 311 
 
 Documents accompanying Com'r from Louisiana, 
 
 (in appendix) 319 
 
 Report of D. C. Campbell, Com'r to Delaware, 322 
 44 Gen. J. W. A. Sanford, 44 Texas, 326 
 44 "A.R.Wright, 44 Maryland, 328 
 
 " 44 Samuel Hall, 44 N. Carolina, 343 
 
 " 44 Dr. W. C. Daniell, 44 Kentucky, 365 
 " 44 W. J. Vason, 44 Louisiana, 366 
 
 " 44 H. P. Bell, 44 Tennessee, 368 
 
 Letter of Hon. Howell Cobb, President, &c, 371 
 
INDEX. 40-5 
 
 CONFEDERATE STATES, 
 
 Ordinance to transfer Forts, Arsenals, &c, to 3S7 
 Ordinance to transfer certain arms and munitions 
 
 of war to, 3S7 
 Ordinance to adopt and ratify the Constitution of 
 
 the, 1S7 to 191, 393 
 
 Constitution of, to be published in "Revised Code 
 
 of Laws." 396 
 Regular forces of Georgia tendered to. 39G 
 Delegates from this State to consent to the con- 
 tinuation of the Provisional Government till 
 22nd February, 1862, 397 
 CONGRESS, 
 
 Resolution to elect delegates to, 5-5 
 Slave-holding States invited to send delegates to 
 
 said, 56 
 Delegates to, elected, 64 
 Oar late Senators and Representatives in U. S. in- 
 vited to seats on floor, 74 
 Resolutions relative to delegates to the, IIS, 124, 2S2, 397 
 
 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS, 
 
 Res'n. to appoint a committee to arrange ten, 180, 19$ 
 
 An Ordinance to organize, 198, 392 
 
 Committee on, 204, 21S 
 
 Report of said committee, 273 
 
 CONSTITUTION, 
 
 Committee on, 49 
 To amend the 5th sec. 4th art. of the, 56 
 " " « 1st " 3rd " " u 116, 138 
 
 " alter ie 3rd and 7th sees. 1st art. of the, 132 
 " 3rd, 4th, 7th, and Sth sees. 1st art., 132, 144 
 Resolutions relative to forming Government on 
 
 the basis of the Constitution of the late U. S., 91 
 Substitute for the 3rd and 7th sees. ] start, of, 136 
 Of Confederate States, 161, 1S2 
 
 Resolution referring Constitution of Confederate 
 
 States to a committee of seven, 182 
 Resolution relative to the ratification of same, 191 
 Committee to revise Constitution of the State of 
 
 Georgia, 187 
 Report of said committee, 234 
 Ordinance to ftgbpt and ratify the Constitution of 
 
 the Confederate States, ' 1S7 to 191, 393 
 
 Resolution relative to signing same, 199 
 An Ordinance to alter 3rd and 12th sees. 1st art. 
 
 . and 1st sec. 2nd art. 200 
 Of the State of Georgia, 234 
 
406 INDEX. 
 
 CONSTITUTION — Continued. 
 
 Amendments to same, 249 to 272 
 
 Resolution to print 10,000 copies of the Consti- 
 tution of the Confederate States, and the State 
 of Georgia, 273 
 Committee to revise and collate amendments to 
 
 the Constitution of this State, 281 
 The revised Constitution of the State of Ga., 285 
 To submit the Constitution to the people, 270, 301 
 Of Confederate States to be published in the "Re- 
 vised Code of Georgia," 396 
 
 COURTS, 
 
 Ordinance relative to, 52, 77, 374 
 
 Ordinance to abolish the Circuit and District, of 
 
 the U. S., 69, 84, 90, 114, 385 
 
 Resolution relative to parties engaged in the mili- 
 tary service of the State who have cases in 
 Court, 181, 191 
 
 Ordinance relative to Acts, Records, and Judicial 
 
 proceedings, 41, 50 
 
 DEFENCE, 
 
 Ordinance to provide for the public, 127, 128, 376 
 
 Ordinance to organize a mounted Military Police, 64, 99 
 
 Governor to pay Volunteer Companies employed 
 
 for the defence of the State, * 281, 390 
 
 Resolution to purchase small armed steamers to 
 
 ply along the coast, 50, 127, 128, 394 
 
 Resolution relative to a military organization for 
 
 defence of the State. 129, 395 
 
 Resolution requesting information from the Gov. 
 
 relative to defences of State, 136 
 
 Committee to examine into the defences of Sa- 
 vannah, 137, 225 
 
 Report of said committee, 230 
 
 DELEGATES, 
 
 Names of enrolled, 3 to 7 
 
 Mileage and per diem of, 61, 75, 154, 183, 196, 206, 207 
 Resolution relative to pay of, sent to Montgom- 
 ery, 118, 124 
 Resolution that an election be held for a delegate 
 
 from DeKalb, 124 
 Name of P. F. Hoyal, delegate from DeKalb, en- 
 rolled, 131 
 Resolution relative to compensation of delegate 
 
 from Rabun, 214 
 Free passage on Ga. R. R., 223 
 Resolution relative to delegates to the Congress, 282, 397 
 
INDEX. 
 
 407 
 
 DIRECT TRADE, 
 
 Resolution relative to, 139 
 
 DISTRICTS, 
 
 Resolution to appoint a committee to arrange ten 
 
 Congressional, ISO, 19S 
 
 Committee to apportion Senatorial, ISO 
 An Ordinance to organize Congressional, for this 
 
 State, 198, 392 
 
 Committee on Congressional, 204, 218 
 
 Report of committee on Senatorial, 211 
 
 " k ' " " Congressional, 273 
 
 Ordinance to organize Senatorial, 388 
 ELECTIONS, 
 
 Ex. Gov. Geo. W. Crawford chosen President, 7 
 
 A. R. Lamar, Esq., elected Secretary, S 
 
 Jesse Oslin, Messenger, S 
 
 Wm. Atkinson, Door keeper, S 
 
 Printers for the Convention, 14 
 
 W. J. Vason, Commissioner to Louisiana, 54 
 
 J. W. A. Sanford, Comm'r to Texas, 54 
 
 Delegates to Congress, 64 
 
 Committee on Elections, 75 
 
 Report of Committee on protest from Wayne Co. 7S 
 
 Commissioners to several designated States, 90 
 Resolution that Governor order an election held 
 
 for delegates in DeKalb, . 124 
 
 Gov. to order election required by Constitution, 301 
 An Ordinance to alter and fix the time of electing 
 
 Governor and members of the GenT Assem'y, 2 SO, 391 
 Resolution approving the election of Hon. Jeff. 
 
 Davis and Hon. A. H. Stephens, 134 
 
 FORTS, ARSENALS, &c, 
 
 An Ordinance to resume jurisdiction over places 
 
 heretofore ceded to the United States, 60, 76, 37S 
 Resolution approving of the course of Gov. Brown, 
 
 in taking possession of Fort Pulaski, 26 
 Resolution relative to the slaves employed at Fort 
 
 Pulaski, US 
 Resolution relative to visiting Fort Pulaski, 149 
 An Ordinance to transfer Forts, Arsenals, etc., to 
 
 Confederate States, 149, 154, 220, 222, 3S7 
 
 FUNDIMENTAL PRINCIPLES, 
 
 An enunciation of 193 
 GENERAL ASSEMBLY, 
 
 Ordinance to alter and fix the times of electing 
 
 members of, and Governor, 2S0, 381 
 
 See " Reduction of General Assembly," in index. 
 
408 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 GOVERNOR, 
 
 Message from, enclosing resolutions from New 
 
 York, 24 
 Message from, relative to two regiments of regular 
 
 troops in Ga., 226 
 Ordinance relative to changing times of electing, 
 and members of the General Assembly, 280, 391 
 
 Resolutions approving of the course of Gov. 
 
 Brown in taking possession of Fort Pulaski, 2G 
 INTER-STATE SLAVE TRADE, 
 
 Ordinance relative to, 59, 63, 89, 377 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE CONVENTION, 
 
 Report of Committee on, 278 
 MEMBERS OF CONVENTION, 
 
 Names of enrolled, 3 to 7 
 
 Mileage and per diem of, 61, 75, 154, 183, 196, 206, 207 
 Resolution that no member be allowed to speak 
 
 longer than ten minutes, 249 
 MILEAGE AND PER DIEM, 
 
 Of members of the Convention, 61, 75, 154, 183, 196 
 
 206, 207 
 
 Resolution relative to per diem of members of 
 
 the Legislature, 197 
 Resolution relative to delegate from Rabun, 214 
 Of the President, 279 
 MILITARY. 
 Resolution approving course of Gov. Brown in 
 
 taking possession of Fort Pulaski, 26 
 Resolution relative to small armed steamers to ply 
 
 along the coast, 50, 127, 128 
 
 Hesolution relative to establishing an Armory, 89, 100 
 Committee on Military affairs, 48 
 Ordinance relative to officers of the Army and 
 
 Navy of the late U. S. from Ga., 44, 48, 126, 378 
 Ordinance to organize mounted Military Police, 64, 99 
 " " provide for the public defence, 127, 128, 
 
 192, 376 
 
 Resolution relative to a military organization, 129 
 Helative to Maj. Myers, 141 
 Resolution to turn over regular troops to Confed- 
 erate States, &c, 192, 396 
 Resolution relative to arming volunteer companies, 192 
 Committee to examine into the defences of Savannah, 137 
 Report of said Committee, 230 
 Gov. to furnish side arms to officers of Military 
 
 Companies, 151 
 An Ordinance to transfer to Confederate States 
 
 certain arms and munitions of war, 219, 3S7 
 
INDEX. 
 
 409 
 
 MILITARY. — Continued. 
 
 An Ordinance relative to Forts, Arsenals, &c, 220, 387 
 Memorial from Thos. M. Newell, Capt. U. S. Navy, 220 
 Resolution relative to officers of the Navy on the 
 
 retired list, 222 
 Communication from Gov. Brown relative to, 226 to 230 
 Ordinance to encourage the manufacture of can- 
 
 non in this State, 233 
 Resolution relative to Volunteer Cos. of Savannah, 275 
 Ordinance relative to two regiments of infantry, 275, 390 
 Gov. to tender regular troops to Confederate 
 
 States, &c, 192, 276 
 
 Thanks to Volunteer Companies who tendered 
 
 their services, to Governor, 279 
 Volunteer Companies to be paid for services, 281, 390 
 MILITIA, 
 
 An Ordinance concerning officers of the 118 
 MIXING AND MANUFACTURING, 
 
 An Ordinance relative to, 117, 386 
 
 NATIONAL CAPITAL, 
 
 Resolutions relative to the, 132, 181, 213 
 
 OATHS, 
 
 An Ordinance relative to, hereafter required of 
 
 Officers and Attorneys at Law, 71, 37 S 
 
 To become a citizen of Georgia, (Ordinance con- 
 cerning Citizenship,) 3S1 
 
 Of Abjuration, 381 
 
 ORDINANCES. 
 
 Committee of 17 to report Ordinance of Secession, 23 
 Substitute for Mr. Nisbet's resolutions, 15 to 20 
 
 Ordinance of Secession, 31 
 " " " to be engrosssed upon 
 
 Parchment, 39 
 Signing of same, 46 
 Relative to the African Slave Trade, 53, 59, S9 
 
 Relative to citizens of Ga. who hold office in the 
 
 Army and Navy of the U. S. 44, 48, 126, 128 
 
 Relative to Citizenship, 51, 72, SS, 186, 196 
 
 * Courts, 52, 77 
 
 To amend Constitution of Ga. 56, 57, 116, 132 
 
 Acts, Records and Judicial proceedings, 41, 59 
 
 To adopt the Laws of the late U. States, 57, 70, 88 
 Inter-State Slave Trade, 59, 63, S9 
 
 To resume jurisdiction over places heretofore 
 
 ceeded to the U. S. 60, 76 
 
 To make Provisional Postal Arrangements in Ga. 62, 76 
 To organize Mounted Military Police, 64, 99 
 
410 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 ORDINANCES. — Continued. 
 
 To abolish the Circuit and District Courts of 
 
 the U. S. 59, 84, 90, 114 
 
 To define and declare what is Treason and Mispri- 
 sion of Treason in Georgia, 70, 88, 382 
 
 In relation to oaths hereafter required of public 
 
 Officers and Attorneys at Law, 71 
 
 Relative to Commercial facilities in Ga. S3, 91 to 9b, 100 
 
 To amend 1st sec. 3d art. of the Constitution, 116, 138 
 
 Relative to Mining and Manufacturing, 117 
 
 Concerning officers of the Militia, 1 18 
 
 To provide for the Public Defence, 127, 128 
 
 To alter the 3d and 7th see's. 1st art. of the Con- 
 stitution, 132, 136 
 
 To alter 3d, 4th, 7th, and 8th sec. 1st art. of the 
 
 Constitution, 144 
 
 In relation to citizens of Ga. holding office under 
 
 United States, 136, 196 
 
 To transfer the Forts, Arsenals, &c, to the Gov- 
 ernment of the Confederate States, 149, 154, 
 
 To appropriate money for the use of the Confede- 
 rate States, 150, 199 
 
 To adopt and ratify Constitution of Confederate 
 
 States, 187, 196 
 
 To authorize the Gov. to raise and expend money 
 
 for this State, 192 
 
 To organize Congressional Districts for the State 
 
 of Georgia, 198, 273 
 
 To alter the 3d and 12th see's. 1st art., and 1st sec. 
 
 2d art. of the Constitution, 200 
 
 To modify act of 1859, relative to Bank Suspen- 
 sions, 210, 283 
 
 Relative to Senatorial Districts, 211 
 
 To perfect the organization of the Senate of Ga. 214 
 
 To transfer certain arms &c. to Confederate 
 
 States, 219, 223 
 
 Relative to Forts, Arsenals, &c, 220, 222 
 
 To encourage the manufacture of cannon in this 
 
 State, 233 
 
 Relative to two regular regiments of Infantry, 275 
 
 To alter and fix time of electing Gov. and Mem- 
 bers of the General Assembly, 280 
 
 Gov. to pay Volunteer Companies employed for 
 
 defence of the State, 281 
 
 To define the extent of duration of the Ordinances 
 
 passed by Convention, 282 
 
 Ordinances passed by the Convention and signed 
 
 bv the President, 373 
 
INDEX. 
 
 411 
 
 46 
 
 ORGANIZATION. 
 
 Hon. H. L. Banning called to the Chair, 
 
 Arthur Hood. Esq., appointed Secretary, 
 
 Names of Delegates enrolled, 
 
 Prayer by Rev. Mr. Williamson, 
 
 Ex-G-ov. Geo. W. Crawford chosen President, 
 
 Committee to wait on President. 
 
 A. R. Lamar elected Secretary. 
 
 Jesse Oslin appointed Messenger, 
 
 Wm. Adkins " Door Keeper, 
 
 Jno. H. Steele " Assistant Secretary, 
 PATENT RIGHTS. 
 
 Resolutions relative to. for inventors, 
 POSTAL ARRANGEMENTS, 
 
 Committee on. 
 
 Resolution relative to Mail Carriers, 
 
 An Ordinance to make provisional Postal Arrange- 
 ments, 62, 76, 
 
 Resolution relative to Post Masters, 
 PRINTERS, 
 
 For the Convention elected, 
 PRINTING, 
 
 Communications from S. Carolina and Ala., 
 
 Rules of the Convention, 
 
 Ordinance relative to African Slave Trade, 
 
 Ordinance to resume jurisdiction over places here- 
 fore ceded to the U. S., 
 
 Ordinance to make provisional Postal Arrange- 
 ments in Ga., 
 
 Resolution relative to Direct Trade, 
 
 Certain ordinances ordered printed, 
 
 Report of Com. on reduction of General Assem- 
 bly, 52 
 
 Resolution to print 25,000 copies of Ordinance of 
 Secession. 61 
 
 Ordinance relative to commercial facilities in Ga., 
 
 Bill of Rights, 
 
 Report of Committee of Seventeen, 
 Constitution of the Confederate States, 
 Committee on the printing and binding of Journal, 
 Constitution of Georgia, 
 
 10,000 copies of the Constitution of the Confede- 
 rate States and of the State of Ga., 
 Report of Committee on Printing, 
 Resolution relative to printing Journals, &c, 
 Resolution that the Treasurer pay the printing 
 and other contingent expenses, 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 to 7 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 S 
 S 
 8 
 13. 
 
 76. 
 
 45 
 , 50 
 
 377 
 40. 
 
 14. 
 
 9 
 13 
 53 
 
 60 
 
 62 
 6S 
 73 
 
 2, 134 
 
 , S3 
 S3 
 96 
 113 
 155 
 1S3 
 206 
 
 273 
 276 
 27S 
 
 252 
 
412 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PROTEST 
 
 of Mr. Simmons, of Gwinnett, and others, 51 
 From Wayne Co., relative to seat of Mr. Cannon 
 
 in Convention, 75, 78. 
 
 RECESS, 
 
 Convention to meet at the call of the President, 125 
 
 " met at Savannah, 131 
 
 REDUCTION OF GENERAL ASSEMBLY, 
 
 Committee appointed to report Ordinance relative to, 55 
 
 Report of said committee, 79 
 
 Ordinance relative to 79, 132 
 
 Minority report on, 81 
 
 Report of committee on, 143 to 148, 150 
 
 Resolutions relative to, 151, 160 
 
 Amendments to ordinance relative to, 150, 152, 156 
 Resolution to lay on the table all matter relative 
 
 to House of Representatives, 160, 201 
 
 Ordinance to organize Senatorial Districts, 211, 388. 
 
 REPRISALS, 
 
 Resolutions relative to, 103 
 
 Report of committee on resolution relative to, 280 
 REPORTERS, 
 
 Resolutions relative to, 13, 27, 135 
 RESOLUTIONS. 
 
 Relative to Commissioners from S. C. and Ala., 8 
 
 To suppress applause, &c, 8 
 Relative to Reporters and other representatives of 
 
 Southern press, 13, 27, 135 
 That the Secretary appoint an assistant Secre- 
 tary, &c, 13 
 Gov. Brown and Ex-Go v. Cobb tendered seats on 
 
 the floor, 13 
 Same privileges extended to Judges of Supreme 
 
 Court, &c, 14 
 Relative to Printers to Convention, 14 
 Calling on Governor for information, 14, 26 
 Declaring the right and duty of Ga. to secede, 15 
 That a committee be appointed to report Ordi- 
 nance of Secession, 1 5 
 Mr. Johnson's (of Jefferson,) substitute, 16 to 2 0 
 Approving course of Gov. Brown in taking pos- 
 session of Fort Pulaski, 26 
 To appoint standing committees, 26 
 That the Ordinance of Secession be engrossed on 
 
 parchment, &c, 39 
 
 Relative to Collectors of Customers & Postmasters, 40 
 Relative to Reconstruction, 40, 50 
 Relative to Ga's. part of the public property, &c, 43, 62 
 
INDEX. 
 
 413 
 
 RESOLUTIONS. — Continued. 
 
 President of Senate, and Speaker of House in- 
 vited to seats on the floor, 44 
 Kelative to signing Ordinance of Secession, 45 
 Relative to reduction of Gen. Assembly, 45, 50, 151, 160 
 Relative to Commissioners to Louisiana and Texas, 46 
 Slaveholding States to appoint Commissioners to 
 
 Congress at Montgomery, 46, 50, 56 
 
 Relative to submitting Ordinance of Secession to 
 
 the people, 46 
 Relative to Mail Carriers, 46, 50 
 
 Certified copy of Ordinance of Secession to be 
 
 sent to Governor of each State, &c, 47 
 Relative to small armed steamers to ply along the 
 
 coast, 50, 127, 128 
 
 Relative to a Council of Safety, 52, 78 
 
 To appoint committees on Printing, Enrolling, 
 
 and Accounts, 54 
 To elect delegates to Congress, 55 
 Relative to sending Commissioners to slavehold- 
 ing States, 59, 63, 68, 77 
 To print 25,000 copies of Ordinance of Secession, 61, S2 
 Relative to mileage and per diem of delegates, 61, 75, 154 
 
 1S3, 207 
 
 To appoint committee to examine Great Seal of 
 
 State of Georgia, 63 
 That the papers accompanying the Commr's. from 
 Miss. Ala. & S. C. be printed in appendix to 
 Journal of Convention, 67 
 Relative to Commr's. from Mississippi, 67 
 That no State which does not tolerate slavery 
 
 ought to be admitted into the new Confederacy, 68 
 Relative to Direct Trade, 68, 139 
 
 Relative to photograph of Ordinance of Secession, 74 
 Our late Senators and Representatives invited to 
 
 seats on the floor, 74 
 Relative to Maj. H. J. G. Williams, 74 
 Ordinances to be published in newspapers, 75 
 Relative to Patent Rights for inventors, 76 
 " " establishing an Armory, 80, 100 
 
 " " a provisional and permanent Govmn't, 91 
 " " the unlawful seizure of arms, &c, 
 property of Georgia, 103 
 Relative to Pension Agent of the U. S., 114 
 " " the slaves employed at Fort Pulaski, 118 
 " " the pay of delegates to Montgomery 
 and Commissioners, 118, 124 
 
 To encourage and advance home institutions, 118 
 
414 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 RESOLUTIONS — Continued. 
 
 Relative to the death of Hon. Chas. Murphy, 119, 124 
 
 Tendering thanks to clergymen, 120, 274 
 
 Relative to sittings of Convention at Savannah, 124 
 
 " " an election to fill vacancy from DeKalb, 124 
 
 " " pay of Messenger and Door Keeper, 124 
 
 " " Cuba Telegraph Co., 128 
 
 *' a military for defence of the State, 129 
 " President and delegates taking oath to 
 
 support Constitution of Confederate States, 131 
 That P. F. Hoyal be enrolled as a delegate from 
 
 DeKalb, 131 
 Relative to the distribution of the printed Ad- 
 dress of the committee of 17, 132 
 Relative to the National Capital, 132, 181, 213 
 Approving of the election of Hon. Jeff. Davis. 
 
 and Hon. A. H. Stephens, 134 
 Delegate elect from DeKalb may sign Ordinance 
 
 of Secession, • 135 
 Relative to school books, 136, 142 
 Requesting information from Gov. relative to de- 
 fences of the State, 136 
 Committee to examine into the defences of Savan- 
 nah, 137, 225, 230 
 Relative to appointing a page, 138 
 " " " Gen. David E. Twiggs, 140 
 Col. Hardee, 140 
 Thanks to R. R. Cuyler, Pres., &c, 141 
 Relative to Pensioners in this State, 143 
 " " visiting Fort Pulaski, 149 
 Gov. to furnish side arms to officers of Military 
 
 Companies, 151, 199 
 Thanks to President and Directors of certain Rail- 
 roads, 154 
 Relative to printing Constitution of Confederate 
 
 States, 155 
 
 Relative to Constitution of Confederate States, ISO 
 That a Committee be appointed to arrange ten 
 
 Congressional Districts, 180, 198 
 Relative to parties engaged in the military service 
 
 of the State who have cases in Court, 181, 191 
 Referring Constitution of Confederate States to a 
 
 committee, 182 
 
 Report of said committee, 187 
 
 That a committee be appointed on Printing, 183 
 
 Committee to revise Constitution of Ga., 187 
 Relative to removing secrecy from proceedings of 
 
 Convention, * 191 
 
INDEX. 
 
 41-3 
 
 RESOLUTIONS — Continued. 
 
 Ratification of Constitution of Confed. States, 191 
 Turning over troops to Confederate States, &c, 192, 276 
 Delegates who were absent rnay record vote on 
 
 Ordinance ratifying Constitution, 196 
 Relative to economy in public expenditures, 197, 207,210 
 Appointing committee to report Ordinance to re- 
 duce salary of civil officers, 197 
 Investing trust funds in bonds of Conf. States, 19S 
 Revised Code of Laws of this State, 199 
 Signing Ordinance ratifying Constitution of Con- 
 federate States, 199 
 Bank suspension — duties on imposts, &c, 205, 282 
 Adjournment, 27, S9, 118, 120, 206, 219 
 
 Compensation of delegate from Rabun, 214 
 Rev. Chas. W. Thomas, 217 
 Officers of the Navy on the retired list, 222, 283 
 
 To submit the Constitution of Ga. to the people, 170 
 To print 10,000 copies Constitution of Confed- 
 erate States and State of Ga., 273 
 Thanks to Ga. R. R. Co., 275 
 Thanks to Volunteer Companies, 275, 279, 
 
 Relative to Journals, Secretary, etc., 27S 
 " " pay of Assistant Door Keeper, 279 
 " " duties of Treasurer, 280, 232 
 
 " " the Delegates to Congress and the Pro- 
 visional Government, 282 
 Thanks to Hon. Geo. W. Crawford, Pres't Conv., 2S3 
 That secresy be removed from the proceedings 2S4 
 Thanks to Com. on "Constitution and Laws," &c, 254 
 Gov. to issue a proclamation for election required 
 
 by the Constituttion, 301 
 Resolutions passed by the Convention and signed 
 
 bv the President, 394. 
 REVISED CODE OF LAWS, 
 
 Resolutions relative to, 199, 396. 
 
 RIGHTS— Bill of, 96, 139, 195, 27 I 
 
 An enunciation of fundamental principles, 193 
 RULES Of the Convention, S, 10, 13 
 
 SCHOOL BOOKS, 
 
 Resolution relative to, 136, 142, 143. 
 
 SECESSION, 
 
 Resolutions declaring the right and duty of Geor- 
 gia to secede, 15 
 Ordinance of, 23, 31, 373 
 
 " " to be engrossed upon parchment, 39 
 Signing of Ordinance of, 46 
 Resolution to submit ordinance of, to the people, 46 
 
410 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 SECESSION — Continued, 
 
 Certified copy of Ordinance of, to be sent to Gov. 
 
 of each State, &c, 47 
 Resolution relative to photograph of ordinance of. 74 
 Report of Committee of Seventeen, 104 
 For Ordinances of, of S. C, Ala., Miss., and La., see appx. 
 
 SECRETARY— Relative to, 8, 13, 277. 
 
 SENATORIALtDISTRICTS. — See "Districts," in index. 
 
 SLAVE TRADE, 
 
 Ordinance relative to the African, 53, 59, 89, 375 
 
 " " Inter-State, 59, 63, 89, 377. 
 
 STANDING COMMITTEES appointed, 47. 
 
 THANKS.— See " Resolutions," in index. 
 
 TREASON, 
 
 An Ordinance to define and declare what is Trea- 
 son and Misprision of Treason in Georgia, 70, 88, 382 
 TREASURER— STATE, 
 
 Resolution relative to duties of, 280, 282. 
 
 TRUST FUNDS, 
 Resolution relative to investing in bonds of Con- 
 federate States, 198, 396. 
 VOLUNTEER COMPANIES, 
 
 Gov. to furnish side arms to officers of, 151, 199 
 
 Thanks to, of Savannah, 275 
 " " who tendered their services to Gov. 279 
 Gov. to pay, employed for defence of State, 281, 390 
 Resolution relative to arming, 192 
 YEAS AND NAYS, 
 
 On Mr. Nisbet's resolution declaring it the right 
 
 and duty of Ga. to secede, 20 
 On resolution calling upon the Gov. for information, 27 
 On preamble &c, offered by Mr. Johnson of Jefferson, 32 
 On Ordinance of Secession, 35 
 On Ordinance to abolish the Circuit and District 
 
 Courts of the late U. S. 85 
 On motion to reconsider Ordinance relative to 
 
 Commercial facilities in Ga. 100 
 On motion that Convention reassemble at Savannah, 121 
 On the Report of the Committee on Reduction, 146 
 On subsititute for Ordinance on Reduction of Gen- 
 eral Assembly, 156 
 On mileage and per diem of Members, 18i 
 On Ordinaece to adopt and ratify Constitution of 
 
 Confederate States, 188 
 On motion to reconsider matter relative to reduc'n. 201 
 On resolution relative to public expenditures, &c, £C7 
 On Ordinance to perfect organization of Senate of Ga. 215 
 On motions to amend the Constitution, 251, 257, 262, £€5 
 
Geor g i a . Co n v enti o n. 1861 
 Journ al. . . 
 
 ^56918 
 
 ISSUED TO 
 
 L